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ALTOS UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service : Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISS|ONER = COMMERCIAL FI Cr a = BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT RALPH C, BAKER, ASST. DIRECTOR RIES REVIEW A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Joseph Pileggi, Editor G.A. Albano and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in material from outside sources. Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, reference to the source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. $/31/68 nn RB ER, Page 1 CONTENTS COVER: Shows a salinity-temperature-depth (STD) probe being lowered from the research vessel Undaunted, operated by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Tropical Atlantic Biological Laboratory, Miami, Fla. The instrument is connected by conductor cable to a recorder a- board the vessel which graphs salinity and temperature of the ocean's depths. (See page 50, R/V Undaunted investigations in Western Atlan- tic Ocean adjacent to the Lesser Antilles and Caribbean Sea.) . .Species Composition of the North Carolina Industrial Fish Fishery, by William E, Fahy 9 ..The South Pacific Long-Line Fishery for Albacore Tuna, 1954-64, by Tamio Otsu Page 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: Alaska: Herring-Eggs-on-Kelp Fishery at Craig Denmark Imports Alaskan Fishery Products Logging and Salmon Problems Discussed Interest in Seward's Fisheries Potential Navy to Release Dutch Harbor Buildings for Housing Needs at Unalaska New Fish-Processing Plants at Kotzebue and Golovin New Vessel for King Crab Fishery Fishery Scientists Organize Alaska Fisheries Explorations and Gear De- velopment: Shrimp Behavior-Trap Studies Completed Vessel Chartered for Shrimp Explorations Alaska Fisheries Investigations: Salmon Egg Survival Rates May Be Improving Page TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): American Fisheries Advisory Committee: 15 21st Annual Meeting Held in Washington, D.C. California: 16 .. 1966 Anchovy Reduction Fishery Closes 16 .. Pelagic Fish Population Survey Continued 17 .. Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, Janu- ary-February 1966 Caribbean and Tropical Atlantic Fisheries Ex- plorations: 17... Fish Pump Tested in Caribbean Fisheries Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: 19 Forecast for Summer 1966 Hawaiian Skipjack Tuna Fishery 20 . Tuna Biological Studies Continued 21 .. New Sonar Gear Installed on Research Ves- sel Townsend Cromwell Contents continued page II. II Page 23 23 24 25 25 27 28 29 29 30 31 31 31 32 32 32 33 34 35 37 37 38 40 41 42 43 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Federal Purchases of Fishery Products: Department of Defense Purchases, March 1966 Fisheries Laboratory: New Research Laboratory for Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Dedicated in Mich- igan Great Lakes: Michigan Streams Stocked with Young Silver (Coho) Salmon Fish Block Production of Underutilized Fresh-Water Species Studied Great Lakes Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development: Lake Michigan Trawling Studies Continued Great Lakes Fishery Investigations: Biological Research and Sea Lamprey Con- trol, April 1966 Chemical Treatment of Sea Lamprey-Pro- ducing Streams Continued Great Lakes Sea Lamprey Tagging Program Gulf Fisheries Explorations and Gear Develop- ment: Shrimp Gear Studies Continued Industrial Fishery Products: U. S. Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles: Production by Areas, April 1964 Production, March 1966 U. S. Fish Meal and Solubles: Production and Imports, January-March 1966 Inventions Patented: Live Bait Vending Machine Combined Clam and Oyster Opener Maine Sardines: Canned Stocks April 1966 Maine: Fishery Landings, 1965 Marketing: Edible Fishery Products, First Quarter 1966 and Review of 1965 New York: Fishery Landings, 1965 North Atlantic Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development: Tuna and Swordfish Distribution Studies in in Northwest Atlantic Continued North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations: Larval Herring Distribution in Gulf of Maine Studied Lobster and Sea Herring Population Studies Continued North Pacific Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development: Hake and Anchovy Population Survey Con- tinued North Pacific Fisheries Investigations: Salmon Research Cruises Planned for Sum- mer 1966, by Richard Bakkala Oceanography: Manufacturers Invited to Exhibit Products at Frankfurt, Germany Deep-Water Buoy System Implanted off Cal- ifornia Coast for Ocean Research Salmon: U. S. Pacific Coast Canned Stocks, April 1, 1966 Page 43 44 45 47 48 50 52 54 54 54 54 55 57 57 58 58 58 59 59 59 60 60 61 61 TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Sea Scallops: Supplies Plentiful During First Quarter of 1966 Shark: Reward Offered for Tag Recoveries South Atlantic Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development: Abundance and Distribution of Brown and Pink Shrimp off Florida Coast Studied Transportation: Uniform Highway Loading Requirements for Frozen Foods Established Tropical Atlantic Fisheries Investigations: Biology and Ecology of Tuna and Live Bait Investigated by: R/V Geronimo (Cruise 7) R/V Undaunted (Cruise 2) Tuna: 1966 Albacore and Bluefin Tuna Catch Fore- cast for United States Pacific Coastal Area U. S, Fishing Vessels: Documentations Issued and Cancelled, Jan.- Feb. 1966 First Vessel Completed Under U. S. Fishing Fleet Improvement Act U. S. Foreign Trade: Imports of Canned Tuna in Brine Under Quota Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, 1965 Wholesale Prices: Edible Fish and Shellfish, May 1966 FOREIGN: International: Europe: Groundfish Shortages Causing Problems for Some Processors International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas: Conference of Plenipotentiaries Drafts Con- vention International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries: Protocol Concerning Harp and Hood Seals Enters into Force Norwegian-U.S.S.R. Sealing Commission: Seal Conservation in White Sea International Whaling Commission: Proposed Regulation of Land Station Whal- ing in Southern Hemisphere Meeting of North Pacific Commissioners International Northwest Pacific Fisheries Commission: Views of Japanese Delegates Food and Agriculture Organization: European Inland Fisheries Advisory Com- mission Meeting, May 9-14, 1966 Southwest Atlantic Regional Fishing Confer - ence Salmon: United States-Canadian Pacific Salmon Prob- lems Scandinavian Countries: Proposed Fishing Limits Agreement for the Skagerrak and Kattegat Sea South America: Distribution of Bottomfish off Chile, Peru, and Ecuador Contents continued page III. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW III CONTENTS (CONTINUED) July 1966 Page FOREIGN (Contd.): Australia: 62 Western Australia Fisheries Development Project Announced Barbados: 62 Barbados Fishing Activity, 1965 Bermuda: 63 U.S.S.R. Studies Possible Fishing Base on Bermuda Islands Canada: 64 Atlantic Herring Fishery Conference Held in Fredericton, New Brunswick 64 Proposed Increase to 50 Percent in Federal Subsidy for Atlantic Inshore Vessels 64 Regional Director of Fisheries in the Mari- times Area Appointed 64 Scallop Fishery Does Not Interfere with Lobster Season in Northumberland Strait 65 Marine Oil and Meal Production, Use, and Foreign Trade, 1964-1965 66 Atlantic Whaling Studied with Aid of Japanese Vessel Chile: 66 Fish Meal Production Reaches Record Pro- portions Colombia: 66 Shrimp Fishery, Buenaventura, 1965 Denmark: 67 Modified Method of Recovering Oil and Solids from Filleting Plant Rinse Water 67 Fishery Trends, January-March 1966 Greece: 68 Proposed Five-Year Fishery Development Plan 69 Processed Fishery Products Production and Foreign Trade, 1965 70 Freezer-Trawler Landings, January-Febru- ary 1966 70 .. Sponge Imports Restricted Iceland: 70 .. Exports of Fishery Products, January-Feb- ruary 1966 5 70 Export Stocks of Principal Fishery Products, March 31, 1966 70 Fishery Landings_by Principal Species, Jan- uary-December 1964-1965 71 Use of Fishery Landings, January-December 1964-1965 71 Minimum Size Limit for Herring Established Ireland: 71 .. Fishery Trends Italy: 71 Import Duty on Frozen Tuna Japan: 71 Catch of Small Albacore Tuna Causes Price Drop 72 Summer Pole~and-Line Albacore Fishery Reported Slow 72 Fish Landings in Yaizu, March 1966 72 Fish Landings in Yaizu, April 1966 73 Tuna Fishermen Plan to Meet with Koreans and Chinese 73 Atlantic Tuna Fishing and Marketing Trends 73 Market Value of Tuna Fishing Licenses In- creases 74 Ex-Vessel Prices for Tuna at Indian Ocean Bases Page 74 74 75 76 77 UU at FOREIGN (Contd.): Japan (Contd.): Tuna Federation Plan to Stabilize Ex-Vessel Albacore Prices Tuna Federation Recommendations for Gov- ernment Action Report on Government-Industry Tuna Sym- posium Frozen Tuna Exports to U.S. and Puerto Rico, January-February 1966 Exports of Frozen Tuna to Countries Other than U. S. April 1965-March 1966 Exports of Frozen Tuna to U.S. and Puerto Rico, January-February 1966 Export Prices of Frozen Tuna, April 1965- March 1966 Export Trends of Canned Tuna Packers Association Sets Quota on Canned Tuna Consignments to Sales Company Canned Fish Production and Marketing Trends Exports of Marine Products, December 1965 Export Targets for Canned Marine Products, Fiscal Year 1966 Frozen Swordfish Export Validations to U. S. and Canada, April 1965-February 1966 Exports of Frozen Rainbow Trout, February 1966 Firm Coniracts for Export of Canned Mack- erel to the United States Increases Exports of Canned Mackerel to the U.S. Quota Set for North Pacific Salmon Fleet Salmon Ex-Vessel Prices, 1966 King Crab Fishing Trends Views on North Pacific Fisheries Problems Fish Meal Production from Soviet-Caught Alaska Pollock North Pacific Whaling Regulations for 1966 Issued Finback Whale Catch in North Pacific Cut by Ten Percent Agriculture Minister Urges Fishing Industry to Practice Resource Conservation Fishing Vessel Construction Trends, 1965/66 Republic of Korea: Purchase of Tuna Vessels from West Ger- many Fishing Fleet Expansion Planned Malaysia: Fishery Trends Mexico: Shrimp Fishery, 1965 and Early 1966 Morocco: Study to Revive Fishing Industry in Al Hoceima Norway: Herring and Cod Fishery Trends, April 23, 1966 Fisheries Oceanographic Program Reviewed Exports of Canned Fishery Products, 1964- 1965 Antarctic Whale Oil Production Drops in 1965/66 Peru: Fish Meal and Anchovy Resource Situation, Early May 1966 Contents continued page IV. IV COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page Page FOREIGN (Contd.): FOREIGN (Contd.): Peru (Contd.): United Kingdom: 88 USAID Mission Favors Smithsonian Proposal 94 Landings Trends, 1965 to Study Relationship between Anchovy 95 Distant-Water Trawler Landings and Earn- and Guano Bird Population ings Data Portugal: 95 Purse-Seine Experiments May Increase Her- 89 Tuna Fishery Modernization Plans ring Catch and Fish Meal Production South Africa: 95 New Method of Transferring Fish at Sea &9 Plans Factoryship Fishing Operation Fishing Tested Operation 96 Fishing Exhibition to be Held in London in 89 Pelagic Shoal Fish Catch Off to Slow Start in 1967 1966 96 .. Foreign Fishing Off U. S. Coasts, May 1966 South Africa Republic: FEDERAL ACTIONS: 90 .. Conservation Measures Proposed for Trawl- Department of the Interior: ing Off Coast Fish and Wildlife Service: 90 . Whaling Regulations for 1966 Issued Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: South-West Africa: 101 Hearings on Applications for Fishing Ves- 91 May Raise Pilchard Catch Quotas sel Construction Differential Subsidy Turkey: 101 Applications for Fishing Vessel Loans 91 . Sponge Exports, 1965 101 Proposed U. S. Standards for Grades of U.S.S.R.: Frozen Headless Dressed Whiting 91 .. Discovery of New Pacific Ocean Perch Stocks | 103 Federal Subsidies for Construction of New 91 .. Indian Ocean Tuna Fishing Tuna Vessels Approved 92 .. Indian Ocean Fishing Expanded 104 New Fishery Attachés Appointed to Tokyo 92... Expansion of Far Eastern Fisheries and Copenhagen Posts 93 .. Kamchatka Fishermen Strive to Fulfill Catch Bureau of Commercial Fis..eries and Bu- Quotas reau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife: 93 .. Fishery Exports to Great Britain 105 Regulations Proposed to Start New Anad- 93... Fishery Exports to Greece romous Fisheries Program 93... Canning of Shark Meat in Murmansk 107 Eighty-Ninth Congress (Second Session) 93 .. Deep-Water Research Device RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: 93 .. Whaling Operations Fish and Wildlife Service Publications 94. Antarctic Experimental Krill Fishery Miscellaneous Publications Editorial Assistants: Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky Compositors: Alma Greene and Mary Andrews 2K OK OK OK sk 76 Photograph Credits: Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer for each photograph in this issue. Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. Cover & p. 50 (fig. 1)--Andrew Ramsay; pp. 2 & 3--Bob Simpson; p. 16--Ward Gillian, California Dept. of Fish & Game; p. 22--Jerome S. W. Marr; pe 38--Robert K, Brigham; p. 50 (fig. 2)-- Dr. A. C. Jones; pe 55--Leo Gaudin; p. 58--FAO photo; p. 63--R. S. Croker; p. 79 (figs. 26 3)--Consulate General of Japan, N. Y.; pp. 83& 84--R. C. Naab; p. 94--Wm. Haskell; and p. 95--W. H. Stolting. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $6.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing. MEBCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW COMMERCIAL F Scbeee.ctce.a) fhe. © Ge, © July 1966 Washing D. C. Vol. 28, No. 7 SPECIES COMPOSITION OF THE NORTH CAROLINA INDUSTRIAL FISH FISHERY By William E. Fahy* ABSTRACT The North Carolina industrial fish fishery produces an average annual catch of 8 to 11 million pounds of fish caught incidental to regular fishing operations, Although pound nets and long-haul seines are used in this fishery, about 95 percent of the catch is obtained from trawl nets operating in sounds and coastal ocean waters. About 90 percent of the catch is processed into fish meal, 2 percent into pet food, and the remainder frozen as feed for use on fur farms and for crab-pot bait. About 80 percent of the trawl catch, both in weight and number of fish, consists of young-of-the-year edible fish species, especially croaker, spot, butterfish, and gray sea trout (weakfish). In the long-haul and pound-net fishery, about 80 percent of the catch by weight and number of fish consists of nonedible forms, and all fish are somewhat larger than those caught by trawling. Species (croaker and spot) contributing most heavily to the weight of the catchdo so consistently throughout the year. Some species are caught in quantity in only one month out of the year. INTRODUCTION Inmost commercial tishing operations, tish are caught incidentally that are not marketable as food fish; those may be nonedible species or the young of edible species. Inthe process of being caught, especially in an operation like trawling, most small fish are killed. Formerly con- sidered a nuisance and shoveled overboard, in some areas these dead or dying fish are now brought to port as marketable industrial species for processing in dehydrating plants to the advantage of fishermen and plant operator alike. In North Carolina those fish are known as "trash'' or ''scrap'', and the industry built around the use of them is called the trash-fish in- dustry. The North Carolina industrial fish fishery is relatively small when compared to the larg- er ones in New England and the Gulf of Mexico where 70 to 96 million pounds are processed annually. The New England industry is similar to that of North Carolina in that both are sup- plied by trash fish caught incidental to regular fishing operations; the larger industry in the Gulf of Mexico is supplied by a fleet operating solely for industrial species. Because of public concern about reported landings of large numbers of the young of edi- ble and sport fishes, the North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development pro- vided funds to the University of North Carolina Institute of Fisheries Research to conduct a survey of the industrial fish fishery in 1962 and 1964. Those surveys were designed to pro- vide information concerning the species composition of: (1) the industrial fish catch by weight, (2) industrial fish catch by number of individuals, and (3) the industrial fish catch by month; in 1962 provision was made for determining the species composition of the industrial fish catch by gear used. * Professor of Zoology, University of North Carolina Institute of Fisheries Research, Morehead City, N. C. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 765 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 THE FISHERY FLEET AND LOCATION OF GROUNDS: The industrial fish fishery is prosecuted by ap- proximately 80 shrimp-trawler type boats from 32 to 85 feet in length, operating in sounds and coastal ocean waters from depths of 1 to 21 fathoms, from Wimble Shoals north of Cape Hatteras southward to Swansboro Inlet. Fig. 1 - Double-rigged shrimp trawlers operating in coastal ocean waters near Beautort Inlet, North Carolina. CATCH AND PROCESSING: Throughout the year three dehydrating plants and one freez- ing plant operate in two North Carolina coastal counties. During the months of Marchthrough May the amount of industrial fish processed decreases because the season of the winter-trawl fishery ends in March and the shrimping season begins in mid-May. In 1962, the industrial fish catch totaled 8,064,968 pounds, 91 percent of which was processed into fish meal for use in poultry feed, 2 percent into pet food, and 7 percent frozen for feed on fur farms and for crab-pot bait. In 1964, the total was 11,202,895 pounds, 90 percent; 2 percent, and 8 percent respectively, was processed as above. HANDLING OF FISH: In trawling operations the net is brought aboard, emptied on deck, and the catch culled for undesirable material (seashells, large sharks and skates, and de- bris), shoveled into the fish hold, and iced. Most vessels return to port at the end of the day when the catch is hoisted from the hold and transported by hand truck or conveyor to the sort- ing table of a fish plant. Here marketable edible fish are sorted according to species and trash fish are discarded into wooden fish boxes. The trash fish are iced and sent by truck to a processing plant. Any vessel that has already separated its trash fish from edible species at sea often unloads its trash fish directly at the processing plant. Here the fish are shoveled from the boat to a conveyor running into the plant. In the long-haul and pound-net segment of the industrial fish fishery, the catch is culled of undesirable material and iced down in the hold of the relatively small, shrimp-trawler type boat. Later, while still on the fishing grounds, the catch is transferred from the fishing boat July 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 to the hold of a buy=boat. This boat transports the iced catch to the fish plant where edible species are separated fromthetrashfish. Thetrashfishareiced and transported to a process- ing plant. Fishermen receive one dollar a box for trash fish averaging 125 pounds per box. SAMPLING METHOD Sampling of the industrial fish catchwas planned so that normal handling procedure at the fish plant was not hindered. A sample consisted of one wooden commercial fish box of trash fish; during the years of the study samples varied from 86 to 150 pounds. A sample box was filled directly from the sort- ing table. If the load had already been sorted prior to arrival of the investigator, the first full box encountered on the truck or loading platform was taken as the sample. When samples were taken from vessels unloading at a dehydrating plant, trash fish were shov- eled from the boat into a box. The fish were sorted according to species; this species sub- sample was weighed, the number of individu- als counted, and the information recorded. THE 1962 SURVEY Although the sample year extended from February 1962 through January 1963, it is Fig. 2 - Trash fish caught incidental to regular fishing operations considered to represent 1962. A total of 104 being shoveled from trawler at dock. samples was collected, 53 from trawling op- erations and 51 from long-haul and pound-net operations. A total of 108,217 individual fish were counted with a total weight of 13,020 pounds. This weight represents almost 0.2 percent of the industrial fish catch. Samples from long-haul and pound-net operations were not sep- arated according to gear because catches from these two were mixed aboard the buy-boats. Samples from trawling operations were takenthroughout the sample year, but those from long- haul and pound-net operations were taken through most of the May-October fishing season. At least 95 percent of all trash fish landed was takenby trawlers, therefore, it would be unrealistic to consider samples from the long-haul and pound-net fishery equally representative with trawl samples indescribing the industrial fishcatch. Datafrom long-hauland pound-net samples are presented only to provide a comparison of species composition of catch according to gear used. SPECIES COMPOSITION OF THE CATCH IN THE TRAWL FISHERY: Table 1 gives the species composition of 53 samples from the trawl fishery. A total of 79 fish species were caught. Nine species, each accounting for 1.0 percent or more of the total sample weight (column 4), are listed individually; these comprised 85.0 percent by weight and 86.4 percent by number of individuals of the total trash sample. Thirty-one species, each accounting for less than 1.0 percent by weight of all samples and showncollectively, constitute 8.8 percent by weight and 8.4 percent by number of individuals. Thirty-nine species, each occurring in- frequently, collectively contributed 2.3 percent ofthe weight and 5.0 percent of the number of individuals. Invertebrates, chiefly nonedible crabs and squid, contributed 3.9 percent of the trash sample by weight. The first three species--croaker, spot, and butterfish--are edible species and comprised 67.5 percent of the catch by weight and 68.7 percent by number of individuals. Three other edible species included in the first nine--hogfish, gray sea trout, and sand perch-~accounted for an additional 9.3 percent of the sample by weight and 8.6 percent by number of individuals. 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 Among the 31 species, each accounting for less than 1.0 percent by weight of all samples, 11 are edible and contributed 2.9 percent of the sample by weight and 2.5 percent by number of individuals. Thus, 17 edible forms comprised 79.7 percent of the industrial fish catch by weight and 79.8 percent by number of individuals. The contribution of 9 edible species found among the 39 forms that occurred infrequently was estimated to be less than 0.1 percent of the catch by weight and was not considered. Table 1 = Composition of 53 Industrial Fish Samples from 1962 Trawl Fishery in North Carolina, Showing by Species and Categories, Number of Individuals Counted, Weight in Pounds, Percent Composition of Samples by Number of Individuals and Weight, and Average Weight of Individuals Species Scientific Name Micropogon undulatus Leiostomus xanthurus 1,129.8 Poronotus triacanthus 490.9 Stenotomus caprinus Orthopristis_chrysopterus Cynoscion regalis Lagodon rhomboides Bairdiella chrysura Raja eglanteria bwowoROKO OrWnNlDOW Of Chas NWePNMWwWH ONRR RRP Re Nonedible species of fish and invertebrates comprised the remaining 20.3 percent of the ~ trash fish by weight and 20.2 percent by number of individuals. Ofthose, the longspine porgy, pin- fish, and clear-nose ray accounted for almost one-half, both in weight and number of individ- uals. If the pounds sampled for a given species are divided by the number of individuals count- ed for that species, an estimate of the average size of individual fish can be obtained. The last column in table 1 provides this estimate of sizeinouncesfor the nine species listed sep- arately. The smallest species, pinfish, averaged 1.1 oz. and the largest, the clear-nose ray, averaged 19.7 percent. With the exception of this ray the remaining eight ranged in average from 1.1 to 2.3 oz. For these species such a weight indicated young-of-the-year. table 2 eight species appearing most frequently in this fishery are listed in the same manner as those in table 1. These species accounted for almost 91 percent of the sample weight in this fishery and about 94 percent by number of individuals. SPECIES COMPOSITION OF CATCH IN LONG-HAUL AND POUND-NET FISHERY: In Table 2 = Eight Species Occurring Most Frequently in 51 Industrial Fish Samples from 1962 Long-Haul and Pound=Net Fishery Showing Number of Individuals Counted, Weight of Sample, Percent Composition of Samples by Weight and by Number of Individuals, and Average Weight of Individuals Brevoortia tyrannus Lagodon rhomboides Opisthonema oglinum Pomatomus saltatrix Leiostomus xanthurus Orthopristis chrysopterus Bairdiella chrysura Micropogon undulatus Three nonedible species--menhaden, pinfish, and thread herring--accounted for 79.9 percent of the total sample by weight and 81.2 percent by number of individuals. Five edible species--bluefish, spot, hogfish, sand perch, and croaker--accounted for 11.0 percent by weight and 12.7 percent by number of individuals. The remainder of the long-haul and pound= July 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 net catch consisted of species occurring rather infrequently. Thus, about 80 percent of the catch in this fishery, both by weight and by number of individuals, consisted of nonedible spe- cies, just the reverse of the trawl fishery results. Column 5 shows the size range of the eight species to be 1.5 oz. (spot) to 3.1 oz. (men- haden). Generally, the average individual size appears to be somewhat larger than fishtaken by the trawl fishery. Although pinfish contributed considerably less to the total sample weight than menhaden, this species contributed the highest number of individuals. Those species occupying the surface and middle layers of the water, such as menhaden, thread herring, blue- fish, and perhaps pinfish, were more evident in the catch than the bottom species such as croaker, sand perch, hogfish, and spot. SPECIES COMPOSITION OF THE TRAWL CATCH BY MONTH: In table 3 the heaviest contributor to the total trash fish catch, the croaker, contributed consistently throughout the year; in March only 3 percent of the trash fish weight was croaker, but inother months the con- tribution varied from 17 percent in November to 79 percent in December. The second prin- cipal species, spot, was low in December at 2 percent but ranged from 10 percent to 39 per- cent in other months. Species suchas butterfish and longspine porgy contributed relatively large amounts only in two or three months. Still other species like gray sea trout and sand perch owe their consideration as principal species to relatively heavy contributions in one or two months. Some spcies like sand perch contributed less than (2) 1.0 percent of the sample weight in most months of the year. Table 3 - Species Composition of Industrial Fish Samples from Trawl Fishery in Percent of Weight by Month during Sample Year, February 1962 through January 1963 1/Samples unavailable in April and August. When trash fish are being supplied from the shrimp fishery from May through September, the amount of ''all other fish'' decreases (6-12 percent) and the weight of invertebrates in- creases (2-10 percent). THE 1964 SURVEY It was originally planned that the sample year for 1964 would be February 1964 through January 1965, but owing to stormy weather and little fishing activity, samples were not avail- able in February. Therefore, the sample year extended from March 1964 through February 1965. Since the trawl fishery accounts for 95 percent or more of the industrial fish catch, sampling effort was directed entirely towards this fishery. A total of 82 samples was col- lected from which 112,493 individual fish, weighing 10,780 pounds, or almost 0.1 percent of the total industrial fish catch were identified and counted. SPECIES COMPOSITION OF THE CATCH: There were 77 species collected in 1964, and a breakdown by species or groups is presented in table 4. Twelve species listed separately accounted for 83.8 percent by weight and 85.3 percent by number of individuals. Nineteen species, each accounting for less than 1 percent by weight of all samples, are shown collec- tively to constitute 6.1 percent by weight and 5.7 percent by number of individuals. Forty- six species, each occurring infrequently, combined to constitute 4.6 percent by weight and 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 8.9 percent by number of individuals. Invertebrates, mostly nonedible crab species, squid, sea-stars, and sanddollars, comprised 5.5 percent by weight of the samples. The leading four species--croaker, spot, gray sea trout, and butterfish--are edible spe- cies accounting for 68.0 percent by weight of the sample. Among the eight remaining individ- ually-named species four--sand perch, hogfish, puffer, and rock sea bass--are edible and combined accounted for 8.6 percent of the weight of the trashfish and6.1 percent of the number of individuals. Among the 19 species, each accounting for less than 1.0 percent by weight of all samples, eight are edible and contributed 1.9 percent of the trash fish weight and 2.4 percent by number of individuals; of the 46 species occurring but infrequently only three are edible and it was estimated they contributed no more than 0.1 percent of the trash fish weight and 0.3 percent by number of individuals. Thus, 78.6 percent of the total trash fish catchby weight and 81.9 percent by number of individuals were comprised of edible fish species. Table 4 - Composition of 82 Industrial Fish Samples from 1964 Trawl Fishery in North Carolina, Showing by Species and Categories Number of Individuals Counted, Weight in Pounds, Percent Composition of Samples by Number of Individuals and Weight, and Average Weight of Individuals No. of Ind. Micropogon undulatus Leiostomus xanthurus Cynoscion regalis Poronotus triacanthus Bairdiella chrysura Stenotomus caprinus Orthopristis chrysopterus Sphaeroides maculatus Raja eglanteria Monocanthus hispidus Lagodon rhomboides Centropristes philadelphicus — COrPOCOCORBNUD waieiave o-. erent eunetma NRFUNWAWAD Sand perch ILongspine porgy ogfish WADHDOWNRPRONUU lear-nose skate FF ilefish IPinfish Rock sea bass . e . FPNNANONOAN Pee ee Mw WO G26 NRPWHDWRRPRONKEH]* Column 5 in table 4 provides an estimate of the average size of individual fish. Although gray sea trout placed third among principal species by weight they were relatively large in- dividuals (2.7 oz.) and ranked fourth in percentage of number of individuals. Butterfish, rank- ing fourth in percentage of weight, was quite small in average size (0.8 oz.) and ranked third in percentage by number of individuals. The small size of the individuals comprising the bulk of the catch indicates that the in- dustrial fishery depends upon young-of-the-year fish. SPECIES COMPOSITION OF THE CATCH BY MONTH: The dominant species, croaker, contributed quite consistently throughout the year with low contributions only in February (8 percent) and April (5 percent) (table 5). Spot, the second ranking species, had low contri- butions in three months. The next two species, gray sea trout and butterfish,contributed heavily to the trash fish in only 6 months of the year or less. Other species made Significant con- tributions in only a few months and rock sea bass owed its appearance in the list to a 17-per- cent contribution in February. Those 12 species account for a low of 48 percent of the catch by weight in February and a high of 96 percent in April. In the warmer months when shrimp- ing operations were supplying trash fish there was evidence of a decline inthe amount of"'all other fish'' andinthe same period (June through September) an increase was apparent in the amount of ''invertebrates". SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS It appears to be characteristic for an industrial fish fishery to depend upon relatively few species for the bulk of the catch by weight. Thus, in the industrial fish fisheries of New July 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW U Table 5 - Species Composition of Industrial Fish Samples from Traw] Fishery in Percent of Weight by Month during Sample Year, March 1964 through February 19651/ 5 20 8 30 5 47 43 39 47 25 1/Samples unavailable in May. England (Edwards and Lux 1958; Edwards 1958), Gulf of Mexico (Haskell 1961), and Califor- nia (Best 1959), about 75 percent or more of the catch was provided by three or four species. Similarly in North Carolina in 1962 and 1964, four species supplied 73 and 68 percent, re- spectively, of the catch by weight. In most studies of industrial fish fisheries, information concerning the number of indi- vidual fish sampled is not considered. Snow (1950) sampled the catch of one boat according to number of individuals, but Best (1959) counted and measured individual fish to determine length composition of the catch by species. In the North Carolina study individual fish were counted to establish species composition of the catch in percentage of number of individuals and to provide an estimate of size of individual fish. In each year of study four species are shown to account for 75 and 73 percent of the catch by number of individuals. The New England fishery (Edwards and Lux 1958) is based upon nonedible fish or edible fish used on occasion. The Gulf of Mexico fishery is based principally upon croaker and spot, but in that area those species are not considered desirable as food fish (Haskell 1961), In California the fishery is based upon two nonedible species and one species of limited use as food (Best 1959). Inthe North Carolina fishery in 1962, three edible species constituted 67.5 percent of the catch by weight and a total of 17 edible species accounted for 79.7 percent. In 1964, four edible species contributed 68 percent of the catch by weight and a total of 19 edible species contributed 78.6 percent. The catch depends on those edible species to a slightly greater extent on the basis of number of individuals than on weight. Thus the North Carolina industrial fish fishery differs from those previously reported in that marketable fish form the source of supply. However, it must be noted that all trash fish are caught merely incidental to regular fishing operations. Whether trash fish is proc- essed into marketable byproducts or shoveled overboard, the trash fish are dead or dying. Further, individuals of all edible species are indicated to be young-of-the-year, and among such, natural mortality could be expected to be high. The small size of fish comprising the bulk of the catch as shown in the last column of tables 1 and 4 indicates strongly young-of-the-year individuals. In general the fish of 1964 are Slightly smaller than those of 1962. Economic factors can influence the make-up of trash fish according to species and size. For example, if small gray sea trout (weakfish) as marketable food fish have temporarily glutted the market, the next catch of small trout would be routed to a dehydrating plant and processed into meal. This action ''increases'' the amount of an edible species in the trash fish and also tends to increase the average individual size of the species. In monthly contributions to the industrial fish catch those species contributing most to the total catch by weight apparently contribute consistently throughout the year. Some im- 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 portant contributors make significant contributions in only 6 months or even fewer. Some species contribute heavily to the trash fish in only 1 month of the year. When trash fish are being supplied from the winter trawl fishery (October through March), there appears to be a greater amount of trash fish contributed by "all other fish'' and a lesser amount by “inverte- brates. In 1962, the differences in species composition and average individual size betweencatch- es from the trawl and the long-haul and pound-net fishery are shown in tables 1 and 2, The trawls catch primarily edible fish of small size but the long-haul seines and pound-nets catch mostly nonedible species of larger size. Interestingly enough the heaviest contributor to the trawl catch, croaker, is one of the least important in the other; conversely, menhaden which hardly appears in the trawl fishery is the main species in the long-haul and pound~-net fishery and at the same contribution level (43 percent) as croaker was in the trawl fishery. In this study the differences between these two gear fisheries have little significance because 95 per- cent ormore ofthetrashfishis suppliedby trawlers. However, these differences should be noted to serve as guides for future studies involving different types of fishing gear LITERATURE CITED BEST, E. A HASKELL, WINTHROP A, 1959. Status of the Animal Food Fishery in Northem Califor- 1961. Gulf of Mexico Trawl Fishery for Industrial Species. nia, 1956 and 1957, California Fish and Game, vol. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 23, no. 2 (Feb- 45, no. 1 (January), pp. 5-18, Sacramento. ruary), pp. 1-6. (Also Separate No. 612.) EDWARDS, ROBERT L. SNOW, GEORGE W. 1958. Gloucester's Trawl Fishery for Industrial Fish. Com- 1950. Development of Trash Fishery at New Beford, Mass. mercial Fisheries Review, vol. 20, no. 8 (August), Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 12, no. 7 (July}, pp- 10-15. (Also Separate No. 519.) pp- 8-10. (Also Separate No. 256.) and F. E, LUX 1958. New England's Industrial Fishery. Commercial Fish- eries Review, vol. 20, no. 5 (May), pp. 1-6. (Also Separate No. 509.) Acknowledgment: Elwood Bayer, Scientific Research Assistant, collected samples and made all preliminary computations in both sample years. The general cooperation of plant operators and fishermen is gratefully recognized. Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior--a department of conservation--is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States--now and in the future. July 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 THE SOUTH PACIFIC LONG-LINE FISHERY FOR ALBACORE TUNA , 1954-64 By Tamio Otsu* ABSTRACT This report presents a brief history and the present status of the South Pacific tuna long- line fishery based in American Samoa. From a modest beginning with a fleet of only 7 Japa- nese long-line vessels, this fishery has grown steadily, and by 1963 it comprised about 100 vessels from Japan, Republic of Korea, and the Republic of China. The annual landings of albacore tuna, the principal species caught, increased from 744,500 pounds in 1954 to 30 million pounds in 1963. The catch declined in 1964 to 23.5 million pounds, owing to the combined effects of a decrease in catch per effort and a drop in fishing effort. Preliminary analysis suggests that the entrance of a strong year-class in early 1964 has contributed in large part to the decline in catch (by weight} per unit of effort in 1964, In 1949, a small cannery was built on the north shore of Pago Pago Bay, Tutuila Island, American Samoa. Except for two trial runs, the cannery was never operated, owing to the failure of attempts to supply it with tuna by live-bait fishing and purse seining in the surround- ing waters. The U. S. Department of the Interior subsequently purchased the plant and offered the cannery for lease. In 1953, a California tuna-packing firm bid for and obtained a lease on the plant with an option to renew it. (Van Campen 1954. ''Tuna fishing at American Samoa, January-April 1954."') This transaction marked the beginning of the tuna fishery in American Samoa and the beginning of a South Pacific long-line fishery for albacore. In January 1954, seven Japanese tuna vessels began long-line fishing around American Samoa to supply tuna to this cannery. In 1963, a second California tuna-packing company began canning tuna in Ameri- can Samoa. Starting with a modest fleet of 7 long-liners in 1954, the operation grew steadily and by the latter part of 1958, a total of 30 long-line fishing vessels was based at American Samoa. The number of vessels reached a peak in 1963, when about 100 vessels were operating. As of December 1964, a total of 68 vessels was operating in this fishery. The composition of the fishing fleet, in terms of the country of origin of the vessels, has changed over the years. In the early years of the fishery, the fleet was composed entirely of long-liners from Japan. In 1962, vessels from the Republic of Korea began operating in the area and in 1964, vessels from the Republic of China joined the fleet. The 68-vessel fleet op erating in December 1964 was composed of 40 vessels from Japan, 17 from the Republic of Korea, and 11 from the Republic of China. Because of the very rapid development of this fishery, a data-collecting system was es- tablished to monitor the effects of the fishery on the resource. Through the cooperation of Governor H. Rex Lee of the Government of American Samoa, the Samoa Department of Agri- culture and the tuna-processing industries, a field station was established in April 1963. Manned by personnel from the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory Honolulu, Hawaii, the field station is effective not only in conducting biological sampling of catches, but also in obtaining catch and operational data from vessel operators who deliver their catches to the canneries. This report is partially based on data obtained through this field station. The geographical expansion of the fishery is illustrated in figure 1. At the outset of the fishery in 1954, the vessels fished relatively close to American Samoa in an area of approxi- mately 100,000 square miles. By 1956, considerable fishing already took place as far south as latitude 28° S., in waters southeast of the Tonga Islands. The greatest expansion of fishirig grounds was in 1958, however, when vessels extended fishing eastward to the vicinity of the * Supervisory Fishery Biologist (Research), Biological Laboratory, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Honolulu, Hawaii. Note: This article is part of a more comprehensive report being prepared on the American Samoa-based fishery. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 766 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 Marquesas Islands. Presently, the vessels are fishing in an extensive areafrom the Equator in the north to as far south as 30° S,, and from about 175° E, longitude in the west to as far east as longitude 120° W., or an area of about 8 million square miles. Vessels fish as far as 3,000 nautical miles from their base. Except for the first few years, when yellowfin tuna dominated the catch, albacore has been the predominant species in the catch. Albacore tuna are being delivered to the canner- ies in a ratio of about 4:1 by weight over yellowfin. Among the tunas, albacore usually com- mands the highest price. In American Samoa, commercial fishermen have geared their ef- fort towards catching that tuna species. Fishing grounds are selected where albacore are most plentiful and not necessarily where the greatest aggregate total of tuna of all species can be caught. E 8 Z. 0 “a Se : : z : : CW Se SSS Se MK (QWs se—t Qe! YY S. % WH ANNUAL LANDINGS (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) NR N MK G ID I g 1954 1955 1956 1957 |] 8 s & RS x Fig. 2 - Annual albacore landings, annual total number of fishing Fig. 1 - Locations fished by vessels from American Samoa, 1954, trips, and average albacore catch per trip by vessels based in 1958, and 1964 American Samoa, 1954-64, The total annual landings of albacore tuna by vessels based in American Samoa, the to- tal number of fishing trips made each year, and the average catch of albacore per fishing trip are shown in figure 2. (Note: Albacore landings data are based on date of capture rather than on date of delivery and may therefore disagree slightly with other published statistics.) The annual catch of albacore increased steadily since the start of the fishery, from 744,500 pounds in 1954 to 30 million pounds in 1963. In 1964, the catch declined to 23 million pounds. In general, the annual landings have tended to fluctuate according to fishing effort (number of trips). Between 1958 and 1960, however, landings increased despite a decrease in fishing ef- fort. The rise was due to an increase in the average catch per fishing trip(a more refined measure of effort is not available prior to 1962). The rather sharp drop in landings in 1964 resulted from the combined effects of a decrease in average catch per fishing trip and a drop in fishing effort. July 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11 An analysis of available data from American Samoa indicates that catch per unit of ef- fort, in terms of numbers of albacore taken per 100 hooks fished, has not shown any upward or downward trend during 1963 and 1964. On the other hand, the weight of albacore landed per 100 hooks declined significantly in 1964 (fig. 3). The decline was largely due to a de- crease in mean size of fish taken by the fishery in1964 as comparedto1963 and earlier (fig. 4). The available data indicate that the catch of albacore tuna has decreased in recent years, mostly in terms of weight of fish taken per unit of fishing effort. The decrease in mean sizes of albacore in 1964 was due to a complete change in size composition from 1963. The very smallest fish available to the fishery in- creased sharply (albacore under 85 centi- meters or 33.5 inches in length numbered an estimated 9,045 in 1963 and 88,509 in the 1964 catches) and the numbers of the largest fish decreased (63,183 fish larger than 100 centimeters or 39.4 inches in 1963, but only 35,273 in 1964). In other size categories, fish between 86 and 90 centimeters (33.9 to 35.4 inches) increased ie i ANS: ONY Ded Fi MEA Mad ASS OUND | greatly from 101,299 in 1963 to 214,826 Iss 1964 | in 1964, while fish between 91 and 100 Fig. 3 - Catch per 100 hooks of albacore, in numbers and in weight, centimeters (35.8 to 39.4 inches) decreased for 1963 and 1964, from data of vessels based at American Samoa. from 606,586 to 307,908. : 5 CATCH PER 100 HOOKS (POUNDS) Although changes in sex ratio, as well as shifts in fishing grounds, could greatly affect the mean sizes of fish taken (the average weight of male albacore is 4 to 10 pounds more than that of females; size of albacore in the South Pacific increases progressively from the Equa- tor to around latitude 25° S.), the data for 1963 and 1964 indicate that those factors played on- ly a small part in the size decrease of 1964. The proportion of male albacore tuna decreased only slightly from 64.3 percent of the sampled fish in 1963 to62.1 percent in 1964. Similarly, the fishing ef- fort in the area between latitude 15° S, and latitude 25° S., where the albacore are the largest, decreased slightly from 15.4 percent of total fishing trips in1963 to 12.1 percent in 1964. LENGTH (€M.) g It appears that the decline in catch rate, in terms of weight of albacoretaken per unit of effort, has resulted primarily from (1) some presently unexplainable movement of larger fish away from the areas of the fishery, particularly during February-May 1964, and (2) the entrance (Eee | into the fishery in early 1964 of an abun- Gy Gn | aa a IS, ace aa dant year-class. A preliminary analysis | 1962 1963 1964 of the data suggests that the strong year- class contributed in large part to the de~ "iS; j, auaviesn Sana, Septamber 1960 lo Decombor 96, cline in catch (weight) per unit of effort. If so, it may be expected that the catch (weight) per unit of effort will rise in subsequent sea- sons as the large year-class passes through the fishery. This report is based largely on data collected at the field station established in American Samoa, and covers only the operations of the Samoa-based vessels. A considerable amount of 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 Japanese fishing effort is expended in the South Pacific which has not been considered in this study, at least partly because of the unavailability of data. Also, conclusions based solely on data from the relatively small American Samoa-based fishery (various estimates place its relative effort in the South Pacific at from 20 to 60 percent and variable from year to year) may not be entirely valid. To overcome this objection, South Pacific data from other sources are being incorporated where possible in the more comprehensive study being made. In summary, the history of the long-line fishery based in American Samoa has been one of steady growth. The catch, area of fishing, and fishing effort have increased substantially over the years. REFERENCE VAN CAMPEN, WILVAN G. 1954, Tuna Fishing at American Samoa, January-April 1954, Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 16, no. 11 (November), pp. 1-9, HEARTY SEAFARE HEARTY SEAFARE 12 (4 ozs. each) frozen, raw, cup melted fat or oil breaded fish portions 3 teaspoon paprika Place frozen, raw, breaded portions in a single layer on well-greased cooky sheets, 15 x 12 inches. Pour fat over fish. Sprinkle with paprika. Bake inan extremely hot oven, 500° F., for 10 to15 minutes or untilfish is brown and flakes easily when tested witha fork. Serve with Egg Sauce. Serves 6. EGG SAUCE - cup butter or margarine 2 cups milk 1 cup flour 2 hard-cooked, eggs, chopped teaspoon salt 2 teaspoons chopped parsley Dash pepper 2 teaspoons lemon juice Melt butter; blend in flour, salt, and pepper. Gradually add milk and cook until thick and smooth, stirring constantly. Add remaining ingredients; heat. Serves 6. This recipe developed by home econo- mists of the Bureau of Commercial Fisher- ies is from a 19-page, full-color, cookery booklet (Top O' the Mornin' with Fish and Shell- fish, Test Kitchen Series No. 16) recently released by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interior. For 25 cents you can buy a copy from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20240. July 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 Alaska HERRING-EGGS-ON- KELP FISHERY AT CRAIG: The director of the U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, Ketchikan Technological Laboratory visited Craig, Alaska, this past April to observe the harvest of herring- eggs-on-kelp as a guest of the Alaska De- partment of Fish and Game. The smallcom- mercial fishery for that product is only 8 years old but herring eggs are a historic food item among the local native people. The product is harvested on three herring spawn- ing grounds located near Sitka, Hydaburg, and Craig. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game has set a quota of 225 tons on the har- vest. Approximately 100 tons were harvested at Craig where 17 processors, 600 pickers, and 350 boats participated in the 90-minute season. For the most part these were from Southeastern Alaska; but one vessel, the Fred D. Parr, and her crew of 28 were char- tered from Seattle. The fishery yielded a- bout 350 pounds of herring-eggs-on-kelp per fisherman worth about $150 for 90 minutes of work. The product consists of f to - her- ring eggs by weight and is said to normally sell for about $2 a pound in Japan but that the price reached $12 a pound during the year- end holidays. 3 OK OK OK OK DENMARK IMPORTS ALASKAN FISHERY PRODUCTS: The United States Embassy in Denmark recently published a report on Danish im- ports of fishery products. The report stated that king crab, shrimp, and salmon account- ed for most of the imports from the United States in 1965. All the king crab and much of the shrimp and salmon were of Alaskan origin. The sharp rise in king crab and shrimp imports by Denmark during the past few years was attributed to special market- ing efforts. F VELOPMENTS LOGGING AND SALMON PROBLEMS DISCUSSED: Mutual problems arising from the effects of the expanding logging industry in Alaska on salmon resources were discussed at a Juneau meeting between regional officials of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and a cor- responding staff from the U.S. Forest Service management and research divisions. Summa- rized information was exchanged on the status of the salmon projects conducted by both serv- ices in Alaska. The need for more attention to those problems was brought into focus and it was agreed that a much increased liaison will be organized in Alaska between the Fed- eral and state agencies concerned. mK OK OK OK OK INTEREST IN SEWARD'S FISHERIES POTENTIAL: A former Seward resident, who is engaged in the general investment and import busi- ness in Seattle, discussed with U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing personnel the possibilities for a bottomfish processing plant in Seward. The Seattle busi- nessman heads a group of local investors anxious to put Seward back into the fishing industry. es od tet ced ted NAVY TO RELEASE DUTCH HARBOR BUILDINGS FOR HOUSING NEEDS AT UNALASKA: Senator Bartlett announced in his April 7, 1966, Washington Report, that certain facilities at the U. S. Navy Department's Dutch Harbor station would be made available for commer- cial use and that the Navy has agreed to per- mit area residents to move housing quarters from the base for reconstruction on civilian property. There are 4 permanent and 3 floating shell- fish-processing plants at Unalaska. Each op- eration employs between 35 and 125 persons. 14 While the plants primarily process crab, there are plans to expand at least one plant into processing shrimp, ocean perch, and other fish species. Local officials state that inadequate housing and commercial facilities are holding back growth of the industry. The absence of family quarters results in a high turnover of employees. OOK OK ke Ok NEW FISH-PROCESSING PLANTS AT KOTZEBUE AND GOLOVIN: The Small Business Administration (SBA) has approved a $350,000 loan to an Anchorage firm for the construction of fish-processing plants at Kotzebue and Golovin. The funds will also be used for the purchase of 2 tender boats and 2 floating fish-dressing stations. The loan, being made to the Anchorage De- velopment Corporation, will create an esti- mated 24 new jobs. Kk Ok OK Ok NEW VESSEL FOR KING CRAB FISHERY: A new crab vessel, the Peggy Jo, stopped in Ketchikan this past April for fuel anda brief visit on her maiden voyage to Kodiak. This is the first new vessel designed and built specifically for the Alaskan king crab industry. She is 100 feet long, 28 feet wide, has a draft of 12 feet, and cost near $300,000. Several other new crab vessels are now un- der construction. OK OK OK Ok FISHERY SCIENTISTS ORGANIZE: Alaska now has its own district organiza- tion of the American Institute of Fishery Re- search Biologists. Elected to head up the new organization of professional scientists were: T. R. Merrell, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interior, as director; W. H. Noerenberg, Alaska De- partment of Fish and Game, as vice director; and W. L. Sheridan, U. S. Forest Service, as secretary-treasurer. The parent organization has over 400 members, mostly in the United States, al- though some live in Europe, South America, Asia, and Africa. The goals of the Institute are to advance the theory and practice of fishery science by biologists and fishery man- agers and to maintain high standards among fishery scientists by recognition of achieve- ment and by adherence to a code of profes- sional ethics. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 Alaska is a mother lode of natural fishery resources and there are many problems re- lated to those resources. Members of the new District of the American Institute of Fish- ery Research Biologists hope that they may further the goals of fishery science and con- servation. The District has already estab- lished its own committees on Conservation Education, Federal and State Fishery Legis- lation, and Professional Standards among fish- ery biologists. eos Alaska Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development SHRIMP BEHAVIOR- TRAP STUDIES COMPLETED: Two months of shrimp behavior trap stud- ies at Little Port Walters were completed this past April by staff members of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Informa- tion gained was being put to immediate use in modifying shrimp pots for spring field op- erations. Ok Kk OK VESSEL CHARTERED FOR SHRIMP EXPLORATIONS: The fishing vessel Little Lady of Peters- burg, chartered by the U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, began a 54-day cruise in April 1966 for shrimp exploratory fishing and gear research. Activities will be concen- trated in the southern part of Prince of Wales Island, particularly the Cordova Bay area. Alaska Fisheries Investigations SALMON EGG SURVIVAL RATES MAY BE IMPROVING: Pending more complete information which will not be available until the persistence of excessive ice and snow on Olsen Creek is gone, the survival of salmon eggs in the post- earthquake intertidal zone may be showing signs of improving. Based on samples taken in April 1966, the overwinter survival rates of both pink and chum salmon eggs in the up- per intertidal zone was considerably higher than for the first year after the earthquake in 1965. Further, the upper intertidal 1966 survival rates were similar to the pre-earth- July 1966 quake ratesbasedon samples in the spring of 1964. While the zones are similar with re- spect to the tide, they occupy different loca- tions because of the earthquake. The present upper intertidal zone is essentially the old middle or lower tidal zone. a i. American Fisheries Advisory Committee 21ST ANNUAL MEETING HELD IN WASHINGTON, D.C.: The 21st annual meeting of the American Fisheries Advisory Committee was held May 9-10, 1966, in Washington, D. C. The Com- mittee was addressed by Secretary of the In- terior Stewart L. Udall. Text of the address by the Interior Secretary follows: "It is again my pleasure to welcome the American Fisheries Advisory Committee to Washington. It is also gratifying to see that the excellent attendance continues through the 21 meetings held by this Committee since it was organized in 1955. This fact speaks well for your great interest and your willingness to assist the Department in deliberating the problems of the United States commercial fishing industry. I look forward to receiving your advice and recommendations for their solution. In scanning the agenda for this meeting, I note discussions dealing with the quality of the environment in which we live; interna- tional competition for fisheries resources; and current developments in respect to Fish Protein Concentrate. These topics are very timely, and are of vital importance to each of us as individuals; to the Nation as a whole; and to the world-wide struggle to which the United States is irrevocably committed. "TI especially share the concern of Dr. Cain (Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Fish and Wildlife and Parks), over the de- teriorating quality of the environment in which we live. As you know, one of my main interests in very recent years has been in the conservation and management of water. Of all the natural resources presently known to man, undoubtedly the most abused is wa- ter. So long as streams could cope with the load of wastes, we were content to let them struggle along. Suddenly, the load has become too much. Even our salt water estuaries and certain coastal ocean waters are COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 being fouled. As representatives of the fish- ing industry, you are aware of the conse- quences which follow the deterioration of spawning and nursery areas for such impor- tant commercial species as shrimp, oysters, salmon, and menhaden. Anyone flying over Lake Erie can look down and see the cloudy mess of pollution which is killing much of the fish and plant life of that once sparkling clear body of water. The scene is like looking at the flyleaf of a book on the end of civilization. If we are unable to turn our great material wealth into saving our great natural wealth, then our prospects are indeed grim. It is not a situation we can dismiss--the piper is wait- ing to be paid. "In recognition of our water resource prob- lems, the 88th Congress passed the Water Re- sources Research Act on July 17, 1964. On that same date, an Office of Water Resources Research was established within the Depart- ment of the Interior. The purpose of this ‘Act is to stimulate and sponsor programs of re- search and to promote the training of scien- tists capable of dealing with water problems. The program, within one year, stimulated es- tablishment of water resources research in- stitutes in each of the 50 States and the Com- monwealth of Puerto Rico. Some of the proj- ects initiated in the first year have dealt with the use and management of water for outdoor recreation, fish and wildlife, and other simi- lar uses to which limited attention had been given. "In addition, on July 22, 1965, President Johnson signed into law the Water Resources Planning Act--a history making piece of leg- islation designed to encourage conservation, development, and use of water and related land resources on a comprehensive and co- ordinated basis by the Federal Government, States, municipalities, and private enterprise. It also established the Water Resources Coun- cil, of which I am proud to be the chairman. The first task of the Council has been to study the serious drought condition in the Northeast, and to make recommendations for alleviating it in all possible ways. "As the chief executive of this Nation's resource agency, I have dedicated myself to the conservation of all of our natural re- sources, both on land and inthe sea. This goal is shared with me by many likewise dedicated members of this Department, some of whom are with us at this moment. 16 "Today we face a grave and subtle con- servation challenge. I invite you--the key representatives of an industry which depends upon our valuable natural resources of the sea for its existence--to join me in meeting this challenge." Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1965 p. 18. 7, re) < S 1966 ANCHOVY REDUCTION FISHERY CLOSES: Landings in the California anchovy reduc- tion fishery totaled 16,436 tons through April 28, 1966, according to the California Depart- ment of Fish and Game. That fishery closed for the season on April 30 when a total of 17,051 tons had been taken--substantially be- low the authorized quota of 75,000 tons. California The taking of anchovy for straight reduc- tion was approved in October 1965, by the California Department of Fish and Game which established the season as from October 15 to April 30 of each year, with a quota of 75,000 tons for the fishery. The California Department of Fish and Game also created five fishing zones and established quotas for each as: Zone 1 (Point Conception to Port Hueneme) 10,000 tons; Zone 2 (from Port Hueneme on the North to Dana Point on the South and reaches out to sea as far as Cata- lina Island) 10,000 tons; Zone 3 (Dana Point to the Mexican border) 10,000 tons; Zone 4 (the entire open ocean area west of Catalina and the Santa Barbara Islands) 35,000 tons; and Zone 5 (from Point Conception North) 10,000 tons. Regulations adopted by that State's Fish and Game Commission stipulated that in areas South of Point Conception, no anchovy reduction fishing was allowed within three miles of the mainland shore or the mainland side of Catalina Island. Regulations also provided that the fishery in any zone shall terminate if the zone were to reach its quota before the overall season ends but provided that five days notice be given to terminate the fishery in any given zone. During the 1966 season, landings were well below the established quotas for all zones except Zone 2 where the quota of 10,000 tons was reached beforethe season's end and the zone closed at midnight April 26. The COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 quota in Zone 2 was exceeded by 2,480 tons due to heavy landings between April 21, when the legally required 5 days notice of closure was given, and the time when the fishery ac- tually closed. That zone proved highly pro- ductive and was the focal point of the reduc- tion fishery largely because of its proximity to the majority of the fishing fleet and proc- essing plants. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1966 p. 7. PELAGIC FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V “Alaska” Cruise 66A-1-Pelagic Fish (March 14-19, 1966): The coastal waters of southern California from San Clemente Is- land to Port Hueneme were explored during this cruise by the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel Alaska. Objectives of the cruise were to: (1) sur- vey the spawning population of Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) to determine density and distribution; (2) gain experience in mid- water trawling for this species; and (3) test proposed new equipment, and monitor mid- water trawl performance by electronic means. California Department of Fish & Game research vessel Alaska. This survey was originally planned as a 4-week joint effort with the research vessels John N, Cobb and David Starr Jordan, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interior. The Jordan was to survey for hake eggs and larvae and monitor the mid- water trawl performance of the other two ves- sels. The Alaska and Cobb were to midwater trawl for spawning hake in areas where eggs were most abundant. However, due to unanticipated repairs, the Jordan could not participate and the egg and July 1966 larvae work was limited to a brief survey by the vessel Alexander Agassiz of Scripps In- stitution of Oceanography. Further, the A- laska was delayed because of her annual over - haul and joined the Cobb only during the final week. The reduced survey located no areas of concentrated spawning, and no spawning hake were taken. Although no adult hake were found, a school of juveniles was located and sampled by the Cobb in Santa Monica Bay. Those fish were 80-130 fathoms from the surface in a subma- rine canyon that was 150 to 250 fathoms deep. The school was broken into small groups and extended for at least 2 miles in length but less than 3 mile in width. Midwater trawling on that school by the Alaska was ineffective because the fish were too deep for the ves- sel's net-depth telemetering equipment. Considerable experience was gained in op- erating equipment for fish occurring at deep levels. Through combined operations withthe Cobb, it was learned how hake appear on the echo-sounder and what adjustments are re- quired to record them at 80 to 140 fathoms. Observations were made of the Cobb's com- mercially-oriented operations which uses gear considerably larger than on the Alaska. Echo-sounding for hake detected many schools of anchovies. The Precision Depth Recorder was operated for 337 miles and re- corded 373 schools. The schools were dis- tributed over most of the area traversed and included considerable numbers 20 or more miles offshore. Most schools appeared as small ''plumes" on the recorder occurring at 5-40 fathoms beneath the surface. Attempts to sample those fish were unsuccessful be- cause of clear water and "flighty" fish. One mixed catch of anchovies and several species of bottom dwelling forms was made in shal- low turbid water at Port Hueneme. A Hach Turbidimeter (model 1720) was tested for measuring sea-water turbidities. Results indicate it is suitable for use at sea although the absolute range of turbidities in Jackson turbidity units is quite small. Trial plankton tows were made to deter - mine the suitability of the Alaska for egg and larvae surveys; no problems were encoun- tered, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1966 p. 19. a COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW L7/ Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, January-February 1966 A total of 239,907 base boxes of steel and aluminum was consumed to make cans | _fa) shipped to fish and shellfish >a canning plants in January- February 1966 as compared with 414,359 base boxes used during the same period in 1965. Note: Statistics cover all commercial and captive plants known to be producing metal cans, A "base box" is an area of 31, 360 square inches, equivalent to 112 sheets 14" x 20" size. Tonnage figures for steel (tinplate) cans are derived by use of the factor 23.7 base boxes per short ton of steel. Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ISS Caribbean and Tropical Atlantic Fisheries Explorations FISH PUMP TESTED IN CARIBBEAN FISHERIES: M/V "Oregon" Cruise 107 (February 15- April i, 1966): To initiate field studies onthe application of fish pumps to harvest anchovies, herring, and sardine-like fish was one of the several objectives of this cruise in the Less- er Antilles between Puerto Rico and Trinidad. Secondary objectives by the exploratory fish- ing vessel Oregon of the Bureau of Commer - cial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interi- or, were to: (1) determine seasonal distribu- tion and relative abundance of swordfish and tuna; (2) survey the fishery potential of Do- minica, W. I., incooperation with the Smith- sonian Institution and the United Nations Spe- cial Fund Caribbean Fisheries Project; and (3) collect zoogeographic data for developing resource potential estimates. Extensive observations were made on the attraction of small schooling fishes to night lights and their susceptibility to capture with an experimental 6-inch (1,500 g.p.m.) fish pump. A total of 17 nights was devoted to the studies at the locations covered. Submerged 1,000-watt lights were used in combinations of from 1 to 4 units with precise intensity con- trol. Species showing direct positive response to various light intensities included Anchoa lyolepis, Anchoviella eurystole, Jenkinsia sp., Membras sp., Harengula clupeola, H. humera- lis, and Chirocentrodon bleekerianus, all of which appeared in dense concentrations at various times during the observations. Spe- cies showing indirect positive response in- 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 Corry ty QoANGUILLA AI sPiaagriie. Cae : a rine con LEGEND: ‘ rN s GEZANTIGUAS & - LONGLINE i nonréégear @ - FISH PUMP * B® - TRAWL * =- DREDGE 0 - HANDLINE ra : os a DOMINICA Vek a SN ger eee N at ie : ‘ ST. LUCIA 3 Me o a ‘ if BARBADOS BST 0 Ie 7 ae Wy, e a JGRENADA , YA me H Areas investigated during cruise 107 of the M/V Oregon (February 15-April 1, 1966). cluded Opisthonema oglinum, Decapterus aaa ee punctatus, Trachurus sp., and several other E carangids. Allof the latter species exhibited some degree of susceptibility to fish-pump Islands capture. In addition, incidental captures of enkinsia sp. (3") larger fish included miscellaneous flying | Membras sp. fishes (avg. 4 pound each) and large cutlass- Mew bras as fish (2 to 3 pounds each). Highest sustained Anchoa lyolepis catch rates were made at Grenada where in [Harengula clupeola | Dominica 1 hour 234 pounds of anchovies and sardines G were pumped. Samples of the most abundant Long-line sets of 500 to 600 hooks were species were sun-dried and sent to the Bu- | relatively uproductive. A nighttime set off reau's Technological Laboratory for com- Antigua yielded a single 78-pound swordfish. position analysis. Results of the first series | A daylight set east of St. Lucia yielded 5 black- of analyses follow: fin (Thunnus atlanticus). The combined bill- July 1966 fish catch for all sets was one spearfish (Te- trapterus sp.) and one marlin (Makaira sp.). Additional species caught included 11 white- tip sharks (average 160 pounds), barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), snake mackerel (Gempylus sp.), and lancetfish (Alepisaurus sp.). Three sharks were tagged and released in cooperation with American Institute of Bi- ological Sciences (AIBS) tagging studies and samples of flesh and liver were frozen from the remaining catch for analysis by Bureau technologists. Deep-set lines of 41 hooks each were equipped with magnesium anchor releases and fished in 200 fathoms off Dominica and in 400 fathoms off St. Lucia. The Dominica set surfaced on schedule with a catch of 2 small sharks. The St. Lucia set failed to surface. Species caught while trolling between sta- tions were: 25 dolphin (Coryphaena hippurus and Coryphaena equisetis) average 12 pounds each, 4 skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) average 4 to 19 pounds, 3 little tuna (Euthyn- nus alletteratus), 4 blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus) average 8 pounds each, 1 wahoo (Acanthocybium solanderi) 37 pounds, 13 great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), 1 king mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla) 23 pounds, 2 Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus macula - tus), and 1 cero (Scomberomorus regalis). Stomach contents and gonads of tuna and mackerel were preserved for the Bureau's Tropical Atlantic Biological Laboratory. Of unusual interest was a juvenile mola (Ran- zania sp.) which was found ina dolphin's stomach. Eight surface-tuna schools were seen be- tween Puerto Rico and Tobago and identified as blackfin and skipjack tuna. Attempts to sample those schools by trolling from both the skiff and the Oregon were unsuccessful. Fourteen trawl and 28 dredge stations were made on limited grounds in the vicinity of Anguilla, Antigua, Dominica, St. Lucia, and Tobago. Catch rates of brown shrimp (Penaeus brasiliensis) in 30 to 40 fathoms off Tobago ranged from 5 to 16 pounds (heads on) per hour with a 40-foot trawl. Shrimp varied from 11-15 to 26-30 count. Catches in this depth range were dominated by grunt (Haemulon melanurum) 4 per pound, Grunt and small vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens) were filleted and frozen for taste COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 tests by the Bureau's Branch of Marketing Test Kitchen at Pascagoula. Deep-water shellfish of potential commercial value caught in 250 to 450 fathoms off Dominica included scarlet prawns (Plesiopenaeus edwardsianus)--17 pounds per hour (heads on), striped shrimp (Plesionika longipes), Penaeopsis megalops-- 12 pounds per hour, and lobsterettes (Eune- phrops bairdii) and Nephropsis rosea). Dredg- ing operations throughout the survey area were unproductive due to heavy accumulations of limestone rubble and rock. Hand-line catches off Dominica, St. Lucia, Grenada, and Tobago were low and included 1 silk snapper (Lutjanus vivanus) 2 pounds, 4 croaker (Ophioscion sp.) $ pound each, 1 southern tilefish (Caulolatilus sp.) 2 pounds, 2 yellow-edge grouper (Epinephelus flavolim- batus) 10 pounds each, 1 warsaw (Epinephelus nigritus) 12 pounds, and several wenchman (Pristipomoides sp.) 1 to 2 pounds each. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1966, p. 23. 7 $ 5 ME Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations FORECAST FOR SUMMER 1966 HAWAIIAN SKIPJACK TUNA FISHERY: The skipjack tuna (aku) fishermen of Ha- waii, who had their best year in history in 1965, are probably not going to fare as well in 1966, according to scientists of the U. S. Department of Interior's Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Hono- lulu, Hawaii, who predict whether the summer 1966 skipjack tuna catch will be average or above average. The Bureau's Honolulu Laboratory ocea- nographer, who has been preparing the skip- jack forecasts for 10 years, says that 1966 promises to bring ''below average landings, as did 1960.'' The annual average skipjack catch from 1948 through 1965 has been 10 million pounds. The catch in 1960 was 7.4 million pounds, 2.6 million pounds below the long-term average and less than half the rec- ord high catch of 16 million pounds in 1965. The forecast is based on the time of the year when the surface water at Koko Head be- gins to warm up. When the water warms up in February and when ''favorable'' water of low salinity bathes the islands during the sum- mer, the skipjack catch increases, 20 The laboratory scientist says, ''We have found that two environmental indicators can be related to better than average fishing. The first is when the change of winter cooling of the surface water to spring warming occurs in February rather than in March. The sec- ond is when waters bathing the islands during the fishing season have a salinity of less than 34.8 parts per thousand. The first index, since it occurs in February or March, is of predictive value with respect to the main skipjack season during the summer months. This year the initial warming of the water took place in March and therefore indicates a fishing season with below average availabil- ity of skipjack tuna.'' The fact that the water warmed late, he points out, does not neces- sarily preclude favorable low salinity water from entering the islands region during the spring. However, he says, ''As of March 31, Koko Head salinities have not yet begun their seasonal decline. In the 10 years since 1956, this has occurred only twice. That was in 1957 and 1960, when salinities began their decline in early April, The 1957 and 1960 skipjack seasons were both below average. Both 1957 and 1960 followed years with well above average catches. The forecast for 1966 therefore is for below average landings, as in 1960." The scientist points out that the physical mechanisms which bring ''favorable'’ water to the islands are unknown and until they are determined, the skipjack forecasts can be of only general value. According to John C. Marr, the Bureau's director of the Hawaii Area, whenever the fishery differs substantially from the predic- tion, more is learned about skipjack. In1965, for example, the fishery was much better than was expected on the basis of the Koko Head data. It turned out that during 1965 the catch of skipjack per unit of bait used was much greater than had been the case for any previous year. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1965 p. 19. 7 OK KOK TUNA BIOLOGICAL STUDIES CONTINUED: M/V_ Charles H. Gilbert’ Cruise 90 (March 31-April 6, 1966): The return of live yellowfin, skipjack, wavyback skipjack, and frigate mackerel to Kewalo Basin for density and red muscle size determination for loco- : motion and hydrodynamic studies was one of the main objectives of this cruise by the re- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 search vessel Charles H. Gilbert, of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at Honolulu, Hawaii. The area of operations was within 100 miles of Oahu and Kauai. Research vessel Charles H. Gilbert of the U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries. Other objectives of the cruise were to: (1) collect and return live scombrids to be- havior tank facilities for sensory threshold and behavior experiments; (2) return yellow- fin that have been chilled in ice for a packing company to determine if blood streaks in cooked fish can be avoided; (3) collect blood samples for subpopulation analysis (Subpopu- lations Program) of skipjack in the Hawaiian Islands; (4) collect fresh samples of fish eye lenses and brains for enzyme studies; and (5) acquaint sea scouts with data collection at sea and seamanship. Densities from 2 yellowfin and 1 skipjack that were returned live to Kewalo Basin were determined but scombrids of desired species and size were not caught for red muscle size determination. A total of 8 wavyback skipjack was returned live to behavior tank facilities, 10 yellowfin were returned to the packing company, 5 of which were chilled in ice and 5 were bled and chilled, 75 skipjack blood samples were collected and chilled, and eye lenses and brains of 2 dolphin and 5 wavyback skipjack were collected. Thermograph and barograph were oper- ated continuously during the cruise and the usual standard watch for fish, birds, and aquatic mammals was maintained. Trolling lines were out continuously be- tween Kewalo Basin and each fishing station; total trolling time was 40 hours 50 minutes, Two skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), 11 wavy- back skipjack (Euthynnus affinis), 18 yellow- fin (Thunnus albacares), 3 dolphin (Coryphaena hippurus) and 1 wahoo (Acanthocybium solan- July 1966 dri) were caught. Ten weather stations and 10 bathythermograph stations were made. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1966 p. 11. He ok oc kK OK NEW SONAR GEAR INSTALLED ON RESEARCH VESSEL "TOWNSEND CROMWELL": A research vessel of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory in Honolulu, Hawaii, is undergoing acceptance trials of special electronicequipment de- signed to reveal facets of fish behavior never known before. Biologists agree that the central Pacific Ocean holds uncaught stores of tuna, one of the most valuable of the food fishes. A re- cent estimate says that at least 150,000 tons of a single species, the skipjack tuna, could be taken without harming the stock. That would about equal the entire U. S. catch of all species of tuna, and the tuna landings in dol- lar value are the third most important in the country. But these tuna inhabit an area of some 30 million square miles, about 10 times the size of the continental United States. They areon- ly rarely seen. Where and how they can be located depends on aspects of tuna behavior scientists have been unable to study untilnow. The Bureau has installed on the research vessel Townsend Cromwell, operated by its laboratory in Honolulu, a new device that is expected to provide scientists with freshclues for the finding and catching of the subsurface tunas. The device is a continuous-transmis-— sion, frequency-modulated (CTFM) sonar. Sonar (from SOund NAvigation and Rang- ing) is a method of locating underwater ob- jects by the sound they reflect. It is the un- derwater equivalent of the more familiar ra- dar, but whereas radar uses radio waves, sonar uses sound waves, for sound waves travel great distances under water and radio waves do not. The sonar consists of two principal ele- ments. The first of these is a set of retract- able transducers located in the bottom of the vessel. When in use, they are extended 5 feet beneath the keel. The sonar emits a continu- ous beam of high-frequency sound. Whenthis sound strikes an object with a density differ - ent from water, a fish, for example, an echo COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 is returned, The second principal element of the sonar is the console, which is a large metal cabinet installed in the ''sonar room" of the Townsend Cromwell. When an echo is returned to the transducer, it appears as a point of light on a cathode ray tube (like the screenofatelevision set); simultaneously it also produces a sound which can be heard through earphones. The operator can deter - mine how far the object is from the ship, in what direction, and approximately how deep it is. Normally, searching is done automati- cally. Inthe search mode, he can detect skip- jack tuna schools as far as 2,000 feet from the ship; a high resolution mode provides for a more detailed examination of objects within 400 feet of the ship. The transducer can sweep a complete cir- cle or it can play on a small segment of a circle, depending on how the operator sets the controls. It can operate in any position from the sound beam directed horizontally to it directed vertically. Thus it can searcha complete underwater hemisphere whose di- ameteris 0.8 mile. This can be done ina matter of seconds Most sonars now in use send out a single pulse of sound and wait for it to be reflected before emitting another. The Townsend Crom- well sonar emits a continuous beam of sound and there is a continuous return of echoes from targets to the vessel. This means that the sonar can keep track of a fast-moving fish or school. This feature is called Continuous Transmission. The Townsend Cromwell sonar is frequency modulated, like FM radio. For these reasons, the sonar is often referred to as a CTFM sonar. Installed early in April 1966 (see photo- graphs on page 22), the sonar was being ''de- bugged" and undergoing tests before accept- ance. If it operates according to standards, its first use will be to study the composition of tuna schools near the island of Oahu, site of a large surface tuna fishery. It is the in- tention of the scientists operating the sonar to determine how tightly the subsurface tunas are schooled, to what depths they go, their speed, and how far they range. Such infor- mation can thenform the basis of studies and experiments and gear with which to catch the fish. 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 A new sonar to track tuna schools in the central Pacific Ocean has been installed aboard the research vessel Townsend Cromwell of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Honolulu. Top, workmen cut hole in bottom of ship to allow installation of a retractable shaft which carries the transducers. Bottom left, transducer shaft is lowered into place. Bottom right, engineer stands at console explaining working of sonar to technicians who will use it. July 1966 Federal Purchases of Fishery Products DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PURCHASES, MARCH 1966: Fresh and Frozen: The Armed Forces are a major buyer of fresh and frozen fishery products. Purchases of freshand frozenfish- ery products for the Armed Forces in March 1966 totaled about 2.8 million pounds with a value of $1.9 million. This represents an important market for the U.S. fishing industry. Table 1 - Principal Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Personnel Support Center, March 1966 with Comparisons 1965 1966 1965 Lb. Lbs, Lbs, 98 174,380| 276,800 214,264| 319,660 956,367| 929,920 104,680 155,200] ,449,691 |1,682,280 864,250) 538,884 161 1756 121,430 104,144} 91 283,186 73,150 207,490 97,652 ss. 156,270 584,100 824,926) 498,054 322,420 32,740 1,260 300,300 41,547 500 In March 1966 purchases of fresh and fro- zen fishery products for the Armed Forces were up 9.8 percent in quantity and 16.7 per- cent in value from the previous month. The increase was due mainly to larger purchases of shrimp, scallops, oysters, flounder fillets, and haddock fillets and portions. Table 2 = Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Personnel Support Center, March 1966 with Comparisons VALUE ~ March Jan. -Mar. 1965 1966 | 1965 | 1966 1965 AOA STR OOO) ore tee 1,917| 1,550] 4,824 | 4,326 QUANTITY Jan-Mar. 1966 | 1965 | 1966 (1, 000 Lbs.) ,780 | 2,272 | 7,534 | 6,678 Compared with the same month in the previous year, purchases in March 1966 were up 22.4 percent in quantity and 23.7 percent in value. Average prices were generally high- er in March 1966 as compared with the same month in 1965. Canned: Purchases of canned tuna, and sardines in March 1966 were downconsider- ably as compared with a year earlier. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 Table 3 - Canned Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Personnel Support Center, March 1966 with Comparisons QUANTITY VALUE 1966 | 1965 | 1966 | 1965 | 1966 | 1965| 1966 1965 Product nee (dcoomoss) ieee - |1,548] 821]2,189 8 2| 2,069 8 35| 232] 146 Ee — Notes: (1) Armed Forces installations generally make some local purchases not included in the data given; actual total purchases are higher than shown because data on local purchases are not: obtainable, (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1966 p. 14. Source: U. S. Department of Defense, Defense Personnel Support Center, Philadelphia, Pa. - fe Fisheries Laboratory NEW RESEARCH LABORATORY FOR BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DEDICATED IN MICHIGAN: Dedication ceremonies were held May 12, 1966, at the new Fisheries Research Labora- tory in Ann Arbor, Mich., to be operated by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries of the U. S. Department of the Interior. Dr. Stanley A. Cain, Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks was the prin- cipal speaker. Other speakers included Unit- ed States Representative Weston E. Vivian of Michigan; Harold E. Crowther, Deputy Direc- tor, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; Mayor Wendell E. Hulcher of Ann Arbor; and Dr. Harlan Hatcher, President of the University of Michigan. The new $1.4 million center on the North Campus of the University of Michigan houses about 60 researchers and supporting staff. The scientists are engaged in biological, tech- nological, and statistical studies primarily related to lake, river, and reservoir fisher - ies of the United States. Research is con- ducted in cooperation with the various States of the Bureau's Great Lakes and Central Re- gion, Among the major studies are sea lam- prey research and control, lake trout rehabil- itation, pollution, and pesticide control, ir- radiation of fishery products, and industrial product development. The new laboratory also houses the tech- nical editorial staff serving all Bureau bio- logical laboratories, and is headquarters for the secretariat of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, which includes members from Canada and the United States. 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 A view of the new Fisheries Research Laboratory building in AnnArbor, Michigan, to be operated by the Bureau of Commercial Fisher- ies of the U. S. Department of the Interior. In his remarks, the Assistant Secretary said he knew of no better location for a fish- ery research stationthanAnnArbor. Hecited it as the State of Michigan's fishery research center and the headquarters of the Great Lakes International Commission. He also pointed out the aggregation of fishery scien- tists working in Ann Arbor--technologists, economists, marketing specialists, adminis- trators, and others, and that real cooperation existed among the persons of those various disciplines. The Assistant Secretary concluded with, ....we wish a bright future to this labora- tory that is being dedicated today. It joins a group of distinguished laboratories on the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts. But we have more than a hopeful wish before us. In my opinion, this laboratory will become dis- tinguished for its fundamental researches, for the cleverness of its technological appli- cations to fish management and the industry, for its good judgment and balance, and for its vision." W Concurrent with the dedication ceremonies was acceptance of the John Van Oosten Great Lakes Fishery Research Library, also lo- cated in the new laboratory building. The late Dr. Van Oosten participated in some of the earliest continuing fishery research on the Great Lakes and was Director of the Bu- reau's first laboratory in the Great Lakes area. Great Lakes MICHIGAN STREAMS STOCKED WITH YOUNG SILVER (COHO) SALMON: Approximately 225,000 young silver (coho) salmon were released in mid-May 1966 inthe Big Huron River, Baraga County, Mich., to conclude the Michigan Conservation Depart - ment's first-year plantings of the fish in 3 northern Michigan streams, The 5- to 6-inch fish were planted above Big Erick's Bridge east of Skanee. Earlier inthe spring, some 600,000 other silver salm- onwere stocked inthe Platte River, Benzie County, and Bear Creek, Manistee County. Many of the fish planted in the latter 2 streams have made their way into the Great Lakes. These silver salmon, along with those now swimming down the Big Huron River, carry the Michigan Conservation Department's hopes for revitalizing fishing in the Great Lakes and connecting streams. If the program progresses as planned, the young salmon will grow for about two years in the Great Lakes and then return to the riv- ers for spawning in fall 1967. July 1966 As part of the planting program in the Big Huron River, also liberated were 50,000 year- old rainbow trout under an accelerated pro- gram to boost steelhead runs in Great Lakes streams. (News Bulletin, Michigan Depart- ment of Conservation, Lansing, May 19, 1966.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1966 p. 18. HK ok OK ok ok FISH BLOCK PRODUCTION OF UNDERUTILIZED FRESH-WATER SPECIES STUDIED: Fish blocks for the production of fish sticks and portions generally are in short supply and are principally from foreign sources. Blocks likely will remain scarce until underutilized species now available to the domestic fishery can be used. The po- tential market for fish blocks made from a- bundant underutilized fresh-water fish ap- pears good. Why not then, simply start catch- ing those fish and making them into fish blocks? This question has to be answered on the basis that there are many problems-- technological and economic--that up to now have prohibited the use of underutilized fish for fish-block production. Investigations are now underway by the U. S. Department of the Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries that are aimed at pro- ducing suitable fish blocks from sheepshead and burbot fillets. These studies are being conducted by the Bureau's technological lab- oratory at Ann Arbor, Mich., in cooperation with processors from the Lake Superior and Lake Erie fisheries. Sheepshead poses the more difficult task for several reasons--rancid off-flavors de- velop in the product during frozen storage; sections of dark brownish-red flesh degrades the appearance of the portions; and in some instances, the texture of sheepshead portions is hard and tough. Studies to control those detrimental factors are proceeding quite well. Sheepshead blocks processed under several different conditions, aimed at controlling these factors, are being prepared. Theblocks from the studies that appear acceptable for commercial use will be taken to experienced industry members for further evaluation. Very little is known about the frozen stor- age characteristics of burbot. Therefore, in addition to investigating the physical and ini- tial quality characteristics of blocks made from burbot, the expected shelf life of frozen COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 portions cut from burbot blocks is being de- termined. By Great Lakes Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development LAKE MICHIGAN TRAWLING STUDIES CONTINUED: M/V “Kaho” Cruise 31 (March 29-April 28): A 31-day exploratory fishing cruise in Lake Michigan was completed April 28, 1966, by the research vessel Kaho of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interior. The cruise was conducted in two phases to study and document the inshore spawning migration of alewives. The first phase was from March 29 to April 7 and the second phase from April 19-28. The survey covered the portions of Lake Michigan from Ludington, Mich., to Two Rivers, Wis., south- ward. The characteristics and timing of the runs are of extreme importance to the newly developing Lake Michigan industrial fisheries which now supply both pet-food manufacturers and fish-meal reduction plants, The informa- tion will also help lakeside municipal and in- dustrial water users cope with alewife spawn- ing migrations which create problems at Lake Michigan water intakes. During the first phase of the cruise no evi- dence of the shoreward spawning run was noted and the alewives still characteristically occupied deep water (beyond 45 fathoms). On the second phase the spawning run had begun along the shore from Saugatuck clockwise to Two Rivers (the northernmost port visited). Evidence from previous years that the spawn- ing run follows a northeast lag in Lake Michi- gan was verified during this study; that is, the fish appear to begin to move shoreward first in the extreme southern portion of the lake. Thereafter, fish begin to move inshore at suc- cessive locations northward and appear ear- lier on the west shore than at corresponding locations on the east shore. At the termina- tion of the cruise, fish were heavy along the entire west shore but had only reached Sauga- tuck on the east shore. During the second phase, catches were very heavy along the lake from Benton Harbor clockwise to Two Rivers. In that area, hourly catch rates of 6,000 to 180,000 pounds were made at or near allports visited. 26 FISHING OPERATIONS: Exploratory drags were made at various locations around the lake where heavy alewife concentrations were observed on the echo-sounder or to ver- ify the absence of alewives at certain depths or particular locations. Two drags (off Sau- gatuck) were made to capture chub for tech- nological studies. A total of 32 drags was completed, 10 during Phase I and 22 during Phase Il. Drags were of various lengths with on-bottom time periods ranging from 1 min- ute to 30 minutes. Drags made in areas hold- ing large concentrations of alewives were shortened to less than the standard 30-minute period to avoid making large catches. Major gear damage resulted from sets in some areas--in the piers at Manitowoc, at 8 fath- oms off Two Rivers and at 6 fathoms off Port Washington, FISHING RESULTS PHASE I (March 29- April 7): During Phase I there was no evi- dence of the beginning of the spawning run anywhere in the southern half of the lake. SHEBOYGAN WAUKEGAN “= CHICAGO OX, <#E MICHIGAN CITY STATUTE MILES PHASE | (March 29- April 7) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 28, No. 7 Alewives were completely lacking in all har- bors visited and in shallow waters. The best landings and echo-sounder recordings of ale- wives were made in 45-50 fathoms from Saugatuck south along the east shore and a- long the west shore south of Port Washington. Alewives were not. positively located off Mani- towoc. Severe weather prevented a thorough survey along the east shore between Little Sable Point and Saugatuck. The best landing was 1,500 pounds in a 30-minute drag at 44 fathoms off Benton Harbor. FISHING RESULTS PHASE II (April 19- 28): From just north of Benton Harbor a- round the southern portion of the lake to Wau- kegan, dense scattered schools were located along the beaches in 6-9 fathoms and heavy concentrations were found in all harbors. Commercial trawlers fishing just in front of the Benton Harbor piers were landing up to 9,500 pounds in 10-minute drags. The Kaho made large catches at all stations and partic- ularly in the harbor of Gary, Ind., where an SHEBOYGAN 2 WHITE LAKE : at = | fie GRAND HAVEN WAUKEGAN ST. JOSEPH CHICAGO =. “ae Se - HE MICHIGAN CITY + GARY” i PHASE II (April 19-28) Track lines of echo-sounding survey by the R/V Kaho during Exploratory Cruise No. 31. Shaded areas indicate bottom concentrations of alewives. July 1966 estimated 6,000 pounds were caught during a 3-minute drag and off Chicago where 1,200 pounds were taken in 2 minutes. Soundings also showed dense fish concentrations in the harbors of Benton Harbor and Michi- gan City. From Kenosha to Port Washington heavy concentrations were also recorded in all harbors. Drags in the harbors of Kenosha and Port Washington yielded large catches of alewives. In the open lake off those ports the bulk of the alewife had not yet reached the beaches and heaviest concen- trations were found at 15-19 fathoms. Commercial trawlers fishing off Kenosha in 18-19 fathoms were catching 11,000to 12,000 pounds per hour drag. A large catch esti- mated at 5,000 pounds was made at 15 fath- oms off Port Washington. Alewife apparent- ly had not yet reached the harbors or beaches from Sheboygan to Two Rivers where they were found to be highly concentrated from 27-29 fathoms. The Kaho landed 1,600 pounds in a 15-minute drag at the same depth off Two Rivers. Commercial trawlers in that area were making comparable landings. Along the east shore from Ludington to Holland, alewives were virtually absent in the harbors and along the beaches. Weather prohibited excursions into deep water to search for alewife concentrations between Little Sable Point and Saugatuck. The ab- sence of alewife off Ludington has been noted before during the same time of the year. Scattered fish (possibly alewives) were sound- ed at mid-lake in mid-water at about 50 fath- oms. Phase II started and ended at Saugatuck, Mich. Alewives were not found at any depth off Saugatuck on April 19; however, by the end of the cruise on April 28, heavy schools were concentrated in front of the piers in 34 to 4 fathoms where commercial trawlers were making good catches. At all locations where alewives were heavy, virtually no oth- er fish were taken and only 2 yellow perch were taken during the entire cruise. The Kaho, departed from the Saugatuck vessel base May 3, 1966, on a 24-day explor- atory fishing cruise in Lake Michigan, in- cluding Green Bay. This cruise, the first of two 24-day surveys, covering the entire lake was primarily concerned with completing knowledge concerning the seasonal availabil- ity of alewife and chub stocks to bottom trawl COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 fishing gear at specific monitoring locations in Lake Michigan and Green Bay. This infor- mation, particularly that on alewife, will be important to the newly developed Lake Michi- gan industrial fisheries supplying pet food manufacturers, and fish-meal reduction plants. The commercial production of Lake Michigan alewife increased from a mere 400 pounds in 1956 to nearly 15 million pounds in 1965. The future potential size of this fishery appears to be at least ten times this amount. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1966 p. 26. kes Investigations Great Lakes Fishery BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND SEA LAMPREY CONTROL, APRIL 1966: Some of the highlights of Great Lakes bio- logical research during April 1966 by the Bio- logical Laboratory at Ann Arbor, Mich., op- erated by the Bureau of Commercial Fisher- ies, U. S. Department of Interior. Sea Lamprey Control: Electric barriers in 13 of the 16 Lake Superior tributaries were in operation by April 8. The Misery River and Firesteel River barriers were activated by April 13. Miners River weir is generally placed in operation in early May. The total catch of sea lampreys at the end of the month was 125 compared to 23 a year earlier. Sea lampreys were taken in 8 streams with the Two Hearted River contributing 91 of the to- tal catch. The 3 indexbarriers ontributaries of northern Green Bay were operating by April 4, A total of 25 sea lampreys were taken by April 29. The Ocqueoe River barrier lo- cated in northern Lake Huron near Hammond Bay was placed in operation March 21, and23 sea lampreys were captured by the end of the month. Chemical treatment of lamprey-producing streams was confined to southern Lake Michi- gan and northern Lake Huron. Blue Creek, a tributary stream in the v seph River sys- tem, was treated successiully with THM dur- ing the last week in April. Pretreatment sur- veys of northern Lake Huron streams sched- uled for initial treatment were well underway | by the end of the month and the treatment crew had preliminary preparations in progress. A comprehensive survey of Lake Michigan streams scheduled for treatment along the west shore failed to disclose sea lamprey ammocetes in the State of Wisconsin. A num- 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ber of small streams in Green Bay treated four years ago also showed a lack of rees- tablished populations. Lake Michigan Research: The Bureau's research vessel Cisco completed its first cruise of the season on April 16, Collections of alewives and chubs were obtained to pro- vide material for the alewife experiments and pesticide studies. Following the cruise, the vessel was taken to drydock at Sturgeon Bay, Wis., where the hull was sandblasted and repainted. Experiments on the interrelationship of alewives with yellow perch and smelt were initiated. Mature yellow perch held at the laboratory for an egg supply spawned suc- cessfully. Although the yearling alewives held in the laboratory did not eat the perch eggs, they readily ate the newly hatched lar- vae. Adult smelt and smelt eggs also were acquired. Alewives fed on both the eggs and the young smelt fry. In addition, rainbow trout eggs are being held for hatching. This species initially will serve as a substitute for lake trout to permit preliminary investi- gations to get underway. Lake Superior Research: All contract fishermen hired by the Bureau of Commer - cial Fisheries in the biological sampling of lake trout in Lake Superior began fishing their grounds in April except one fisherman on Isle Royale. The inshore waters along the east shore of Keweenaw Peninsula pro- duced good fishing. The fishing offshore of the Huron Islands was less than a year ago. Scarring by sea lampreys was lower except in Keweenaw Bay where fresh wounds were twice as numerous as a year earlier. In the Marquette area, scarring was down by 30 percent. The Bureau's research vessel Siscowet began operating on Lake Superior during the final week of the month. A 4-day cruise in Minnesota waters of Lake Superior in coop- eration with the University of Minnesota cov- vered the herring grounds north of Duluth. Tow nets were usedto sample larval fish pop- ulations. Larval fish were readily captured and many were still in the yolk-sac stage. Bottom trawling also was carried out on the herring grounds with coregonid species oc- curing predominantly in the catches. Lake Erie Research: The spring sam- pling of the commercial landings of yellow Vol. 28, No. 7 pike (walleyes) and yellow perch was com- pleted during the month. Over 1,000 of each species were examined at the south shore ports. Data also were collected for compar- ative fecundity studies of both species in each of the three basins of Lake Erie. Samples of fish for studies of pesticide residues in fish flesh were collected and shipped to the Bu- reau's laboratory in Ann Arbor. The research vessel Musky II carried out routine operations in the western basin of Lake Erie in April--servicing thermographs and experimental sediment collectors located in strategic areas. Preliminary trawling was carried on to determine winter mortality rates in fish populations. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1966 p. 35, and February 1966 p. 19. Shy Shalt tk co cK KK OK OOK Ok CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF SEA LAMPREY -PRODUCING STREAMS CONTINUED: With the State of Michigan Conservation Department's approval, the U. S. Department of the Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries resumed in late April 1966, its chemi- cal war on sea lampreys in Michigan streams still harboring the eel-like killers. About 60 tributaries of Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron are on the Bureau's list for treatment through the end of June 1967. Final applications of chemicals in2 streams in Michigan and several Indiana streams will complete the first round of treatments inlam- prey-producing tributaries of Lake Michigan. Starting in late April, the Bureau hoped to mount its first all-out offensive against lampreys in Lake Huron streams where 48 rivers and creeks are scheduled for treat- ment within the next 3 or 4 years. A total of 16 streams are scheduled for first treatment this summer and 2 are on tap for their second application of chemicals. On Lake Michigan, where streams were still too high for chemical work to begin in late April, the Bureau planned to re-treat 27 streams which had re-established sea lam- prey populations. Starting in the summer of 1966, chemical treatment will again be applied to 19 Lake Superior streams, 15 in Michigan and 4 in Wisconsin. July 1966 "Planned re-treatment of the Great Lakes tributaries does not mean that earlier work was a failure,'' said the scientist in charge of the Bureau's sea lamprey control program. "Actually, we've scored heavily on the sea lamprey in our first round of chemical re- leases and now we're going back to some of these waters with hopes of knocking out lam- prey populations which have become re-es- tablished," he explained. Latest studies indicate that lamprey num- bers in previously treated Lake Superior streams have been reduced by 80 percent over the last 4 years. The most encouragement of the lamprey control program comes from evidence of natural reproduction among lake trout in Lake Superior. Noteworthy, too, are signs of high survival among hatchery-reared lake trout planted in Lake Superior. In Lake Michigan, where treatment work started later than in Lake Superior's streams, it appears that fishery workers also have been successful in reducing the sea lamprey. The Bureau has high hopes that its follow-up treatments in Lake Michigan streams will have the same results now showing up in Lake Superior. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1965 p. 21. GREAT LAKES SEA LAMPREY TAGGING PROGRAM: In a notice to members of the Great Lakes commercial fishing industry, the regional of- fice of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries at Ann Arbor, requested all fishermen to be on the alert for tagged sea lampreys. The recovery of tags from sea lampreys will provide valuable information to aid in further reducing the numbers of that parasite in the Great Lakes. Anyone catching a sea lamprey with a tag attached is requested to send the tag, information as to date, size of the lam- prey, exact location, and method of capture to the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of the Interior, P. O. Box 640, Ann Arbor, Mich., or to the Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, Biological Station, Ships Canal Post Office, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. The sea lampreys are being marked with 2 conspicuous tags. The first type consists of 2 colored disks fastened by a nickel pin to the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 back of the animal. The second tag is a plas- tic tube which is passed through the back of the lamprey and joined to form a circle. Markings on the tag provide biologists with the date and location where the sea lamprey was tagged. Persons returning tags will re- ceive an acknowledgment with information on movement and growth of the sea lamprey from which the tag was taken. Biological data obtained from the tag re- turns will provide valuable information on the life history and movements of sea lampreys in the Great Lakes. This information is need- ed to evaluate the success of the chemical program to control the sea lamprey. Gulf Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development SHRIMP GEAR STUDIES CONTINUED: M/V “George M. Bowers” Cruise 64- Phases II, IV, VI, and VII (February 21-May 6, 1966): A 42-day exploratory cruise off the southwestern coast of Florida, Tampa to Key West, was completed May 6, 1966, by the U.S. Department Interior, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries! exploratory fishing vessel George M. Bowers. = The Bureau's exploratory fishing vessel George M. Bowers. The cruise objectives were: (1) initial field testing of a prototype electroshrimp 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW trawling system to determine the functioning capabilities, reliability and ruggedness of its components; (2) underwater photography of the electroshrimp trawling system; and (3) photographic recording of the escape reac- tion of electrically-stimulated shrimp from the Tortugas shrimp grounds. PHASE II AND PHASE VI--Gear Studies (February 28-March 16, and April 11-26, 1966): A prototype electroshrimp trawling system designed and built by the staff of the Bureau's Gear Research Unit was completed earlier this year. The system is composed of 4primary components. They are the power control panel aboard the vessel; acable, sup- plying power from the vesseltothetrawl; an electric pulsing unit mounted on one of the trawl doors and an electrode array. Voltage is controlled from a variable transformer and is monitored on a meter in the panel. The power supply cable being used for the initial trials is a neoprene coated, 4-conductor A- merican Wire Gauge (AWG) No. 12 cable. Two of the conductors are used for the pri- mary power source, and the other 2 conduc- tors are used to monitor voltage readings. The electrical pulser is encased in a water- tight -underwater housing and is attached to one of the trawl doors. The housing is fabricated from polyvinyl-chloride tubing and is design- ed specifically for the electrical pulser. The electrode array is made up of 5 electrodes, equally spaced ahead of the footrope. Each electrode is a heavy-tinned copper braid which has been slipped over a rope core and then connected to a conductor from the elec- trical pulser. During field trials, several faulty com- ponents were found and were either replaced immediately or were to be exchanged for parts which were on order. The first ma- terial tested for use as electrode wire was not adequate and was replaced. Another dif- ficulty encountered was that the designed voltage peaks were not obtained on a contin- ual basis, indicating either malfunctioning components or possibly underrated internal components in the electrical pulser. Facili- ties available in the field did not permit the correction of this latter condition and re- pairs were to be effected in the laboratory. PHASE IV--Underwater Trawl Studies (March 22-April 5, 1966): Turbid water con- ditions which spread uniformly over the Tor- tugas shrimp grounds did not permit the scheduled trawl photography to be carried out. Transmissometer readings indicated Vol. 28, No. 7 underwater visibility was limited to only 6 feet. This would not have permitted the ef- fective detailed photography necessary. Operational testing was carried out on coral reefs adjacent to the Gulf Stream with the new 400-foot film capacity motion picture camera. The electrically-driven unit with re- flex focusing gives the SCUBA-equipped pho- tographer more flexibility and control than © other systems available. Although additional counter -balance weight had to be added to the housing, the unit handled well underwater and 800 feet of motion picture footage were taken. PHASE VII--Shrimp Behavior Studies (April 26-May 6, 1966): Results from previ- ous cruises have indicated the escape reac- tion of electrically-stimulated shrimp have varied according to the type of substrate in which they are burrowed. Therefore, asa continuation of the shrimp behavior studies, SCUBA divers recorded photographically the escape reaction of shrimp from a hard clay bottom. The sequences were recorded with 900 feet of colored motion picture film. The film will provide information on the electrical stimulation of shrimp on one of the important shrimp grounds in the Gulf of Mexico. Bot- tom samples were taken from the area for laboratory analysis. In cooperation with Woods Hole Oceano- graphic Institute, 240 drift bottles were re- leased in 40 locations off the west coast of Florida. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1966 p. 35 and December 1965 p. 33. Industrial Fishery Products U.S. FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: Production by Areas, April 1966: Prelim- inary data as collected by the Bureau of Com- U. S. Production=/ of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, April 1966 (Preliminary) with Comparisons Solubles April 1966: East & Gulf Coasts .. West Coast2/..... 9,595 5, 106 3,924 ’ 2 an.-Apr. 1966 Total . | 20,036 6, 623 9,195 an.-Apr. 1965 Total . 18, 962 11, 861 5,606 1/Does not include crab meal, shrimp meal, and liver oils. 2/Includes American Samoa and Puerto Rico. July 1966 mercial Fisheries, U. 8S. Department of the Interior. OK OK OK OK Production, March 1966: During March 1966, a total of 911,000 pounds of marine animal oils and 4,806 tons of fish meal was produced in the United States. with March 1965 this was an increase of 253,000 pounds of marine animal oils and U. S. Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, March 1966 1/with Comparisons Mar Product COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 U.S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January-March 1966 Fish Meal and Scrap: ALeGnIN techie sieieie ci. Menhaden 3/ ...... Tunaand mackerel... Unclassified....... Total4/........ Fish Solubles: Menhaden Menhaden 3/ ...... = Tunaand mackerel... Other (inc. whale)... sp paclimnany data. 2/Included in “unclassified" or "other," 3/Includes a small quantity of thread herring. 4/Does not include a small quantity of shellfish and marine animal meal and scrap be- cause production data are not available monthly. Source: U, S, Department of the Interior, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. 1,652 tons of fish meal and scrap. Fish sol- ubles production amounted to 2,752 tons--an increase of 1,795 tons as compared with March 1965, U. 5S. FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES: Production and Imports, January-March 1966: Based on domestic production and im- ports, the United States available supply of fish meal for the first 3 months in 1966 a- mounted to 84,557 short tons--18,812 tons (or 18.2 percent) less than during the same pe- riodin1965. Domestic production was 2,260 tons ©r 27.6 percent) higher and imports were 21,022 tons (or 22.1 percent) lower thanin Jan- uary-March 1965. Perucontinuedto lead oth- er countries with shipments of 43,592 tons. The United States supply of fish solubles during January-March 1966 amounted to 5,714 tons--an increase of 10.1 percent as Fish Meal and Scrap: Domestic production: WMenhadentim atts seas culs - 1/ 175,838 Tuna and mackerel...... 7,413 5,474 25,410 pore! Sido ob ooo obo poe 309 1,039 12,859 Compared Otherpiuswley sedition sek ns 2,719 1,668 39,264 Total production ...... 10,441 8,181 253,371 Imports; CEMECE 6 Sino co ooo oben DO 10,432 10,076 43,830 JESRAG waitd so-oboseedaroNe.B) ara io 43,592 80,220 209,801 CMwmls odcacvscgdacano0n 14,037 2,080 5,651 INGMWEM oCooonaddnDDoGDD 22 - 78 So. Africa Rep, ........ 955 500 5,100 | O@therxcountries! > le) sue) «a6 5,078 2,312 6,206 Motal¥impontsieyeacmeueale 74,116 95,188 270,666 Available fishmeal supply. . .°| 84,557 Domestic production. ..... 5,271 98,017 Imports: (CRIME 5 5:4 op 66.00 0-00 0-4 378 Tcelandyenen-mewemen-\iel ei oienen oie 33 Other countries ........ 32 F MovalPiMmpPOrtsivw.swsn sleek 443 Available fish solubles suppl 1/Included with "other." 2/Wet weight basis except for imports from South Africa Republic (included in "other countries"). Source: U, S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, and U. S, Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. compared with the same period in 1965. Do- mestic production of fish solubles increased 97.6 percent and imports of fish solubles de- creased 82.4 percent. Inventions Patented LIVE BAIT VENDING MACHINE: A recently patented live bait vending ma- chine consists of a housing of many storage slots which communicate with a discharge opening. The storage slots hold the contain- ers in which live bait or other items are stored. The vendor is placed on a reservoir of water with an agitator to aerate the water which will keep the bait alive for weeks. A 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW coin-operated dispenser releases one con- tainer at atime. Being manually-operated, there is no need for electricity. The vendor is also adapted for vending other items such as dough bait, worms, fish- ing tackle, and even frozen bait, food, or cold drinks when placed on a refrigerator unit. The main purpose of the vendor is to have a variety of bait and tackle available for the fishermen at all times of day or night--24 hours a day. (U.S. Patent No. 3,209,884 is- sued Richard A. Stehling, Sr., Mason Route, Fredericksburg, Texas.) oe 3K Ki ok OK COMBINED CLAM AND OYSTER OPENER: A patent was recently granted on an inex- pensive combination clam and oyster opener thatis simple and rugged. It eliminates cuttingof the . hands of the operator. All size clams and oysters can be opened simply by rais- ing or lowering the adjust - able guide. A working modelis available. U.S. Patent No. 3,231,930 issued Theodore R. Berry, 16 Harriet St., West Orange, N. J. 07052.) Ir Maine Sardines CANNED STOCKS, APRIL 1966: Canners stocks of Maine sardines on A- pril 1, 1966, were down 2,000 cases from those of the same date in 1965, anddown 387,000 cases from stocks on hand 3 years earlier, Preliminary data show the 1965 pack as 1,266,903 standard cases (100 cans 32-0z.) ¥ 3 2 5 Canned Maine Sardines--Wholesale Distributors' and Canners’ Stocks, April 1, 1966, with Comparisons Vol. 28, No. 7 canned in 23 plants in Maine. That was 46.3 percent more than the 865,751 cases packed during 1964, when fishing was extremely poor. The 1965 pack was 21.8 percent less than the 1,619,235 cases in 1963. The 1966 pack of Maine sardines through March 19 totaled 30,651 standard cases, ac- cording to the Maine Sardine council. The pack during the same period a year earlier totaled 19,883 cases. Fishing had been lim- ited along the entire Maine coast due to ad- verse weather conditions. The new law legalizing year-round canning of Maine sardines removed the traditional De- cember 1 closing date for the packing season, The new legislation opened winter canning to all Maine sardine packers and allows winter canning with domestic as well as imported herring. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1966 p. 28. Maine FISHERY LANDINGS, 1965: Landings of fish and shellfish at Maine ports in 1965 totaled 204.8 million pounds valued at $21.9 million. Compared with 1964, the quantity increased 6 percent, but the value was about the same. Sea herring landings of 70.2 million pounds were 9.3 million pounds above the 1964 total and accounted for the greater part of the overall increase of 12.3 million pounds. Ocean perch landings amounted to 60.3 million pounds compared with 58.9 million pounds in 1964. Knox County accounted for 61 percent of the total, while nearly all of the remainder was landed in Cumberland County. Landings of ocean perch taken from the Gulf of Maine declined slightly in 1965. 1965/66 Season Unit [Distributors }1,000 actual case 234 267 289 194 anners 1,000 std. cose, 312 520 689 295 2/100 3+ -0z. cans equal one standard case, lote: Beginning with the Canned Food Re percent above that given by the old sample, 4/1/66 4/1/65 | 1/1/65 | 11/1/64 6/1/64 | 4/1/64|1/1/64 1/Table represents marketing season from November 1-October 31. rt of April 1, 1963, U. S. Bureau of the Census estimates of distributors’ stocks were based on a revised sample of merchant wholesalers and warehouses of retail multiunit organizations. The revised sample resulted in better coverage. The January 1, 1963, survey was conducted with both samples to provide an approximate measure of the difference in the two samples, That survey showed that the estimate of distributors* stocks of canned Maine sardines from the revised sample was 13 Source: U. S, Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Canned Food Report, April 1, 1966. 1963/64 1964/65 Season 238 538 198 236 203 314 291 234 254 291 261 629 514 499 658 {1,063 July 1966 Landings of whiting, 27.7 million pounds (live weight), were 10 percent above 1964 and set a new record for the second consecutive year. After getting off to a rather slow start, an increased fleet of otter trawlers anda slightly longer season resulted in the record catch. Cumberland County led in whiting landings with 19.7 million pounds, followed by Sagadahoc County with 4.1 million pounds and Lincoln County with 3.7 million pounds. filion T T T T = T To =) 2b UN | J ; ea & WA Se ~ S 4 Maine lobster catch and value, 1956-65. Lobster totals declined 12 percent from the previous year to 18.9 million pounds. This was the smallest catch since 1950 and was the cause for considerable concern throughout the industry. A cooperative pro- gram on the study of lobsters was undertaken by the Maine Department of Sea and Shore Fisheries and the U. S. Department of the In- terior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in 1965. Lobster bait shortages, which are oc- curring more frequently each year, were al- leviated somewhat in 1965 by a two-fold in- crease in the catch of alewives to 3.1 million pounds. Shrimp landings (2.1 million pounds) set a record in 1965 and doubled the 1964 catch. Demand for those shellfish continued to grow at a rapid pace. There were two peeling ma- chines in operation in 1965. Most of the shrimp were marketed as fresh and frozen raw peeled meats. (U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Branch of Fishery Statistics.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 Marketing EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS, FIRST QUARTER 1966 AND REVIEW OF 1965: The demand in the United States for edible fishery products is expected to continue strong throughout 1966, reflecting rising consumer income, relatively high meat prices anticipated through pa 5 the summer months, and popula- vi =o) tion gains. Moderate advances in SC retail prices for both canned and frozen prod- ucts appear likely. With the exception of red salmon, current supplies of most canned fishery products are about adequate. Supplies of frozen fishery products at the end of the first quarter in 1966 were up from the previous year, mainly because of larger stocks of imported fish blocks. Stocks of fish sticks and portions, : spiny lobster tails, scallops, and crab meat were substantially larger than in the previous year. On the other hand, cold-storage hold- ings of raw, headless shrimp were down sharply. Final data for 1965 indicate that per capita consumption of commercially-caught fish and shellfish amounted to 11.0 pounds, edible weight, up from 10.5 pounds in 1964 and 10-7 pounds in 1963. The increase resulted large- ly from increased consumption of canned fish- ery products, 4.4 pounds per person in 1965 compared with 4.1 pounds in 1964. Consump- tion of fresh and frozen fishery products in 1965 amounted to 6.1 pounds per person, up 0.2 pound from a year earlier. In addition, per capita consumption of fish and shellfish taken by sportsmen and for home use by com- mercial fishermen was estimated at 3 pounds per person. Annual per capita consumption of commer- cially-caught fish and shellfish in the United States has, for many years, averaged 10 to 11 pounds except for a few years during the de- pression of the 1930's and World War II. Al- though the use of fresh and frozen fishery products has not shown a significant change in the past 30 years, there have been changes among products and species. The consump- tion of domestically-caught Atlantic mackerel, cod, haddock, ocean perch, and oysters, has declined significantly. Consumption of fish sticks and portions produced from imported fish blocks has increased. Shrimp consump- tion also has risen; both domestic production and imports of shrimp have grown. 34 Per capita consumption of canned fishery products reached a peak in the 1930's, aver- aging 4.7 pounds during the years from 1934 to 1939. Consumption of canned salmon de- clined from an average of 2.4 pounds per cap- ita in the 1930's to less than 1 pound for each year since 1958. Consumption of canned Pa- cific sardines also has dropped sharply. Con- versely, the use of canned tuna has grown rapidly, from a half pound per person in1935 to more than 2 pounds since 1959. The con- sumption of cured fishery products fell stead- ily from 3 to 4 pounds per person early in the century to about a half pound in recent years. Over half of the fishery products consumed in the United States came from abroad in1965 (including raw materials used in domestic processing) and the strong domestic demand will continue to encourage imports. Prices of fresh or frozen tuna and shrimp, two of the largest import items, are much above spring 1965 levels. If domestic landings of those two species are not substantially higher than in 1965, imports must increase at a time COMMERCIAL FISHERIEE REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 when world-wide demand also is increasing. The United States already ranks as the world's largest importer of fishery products. Note: This analysis was prepared by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interior, and published in the U. S. Department of Agriculture's May 1966 issue of the Nation- al Food Situation (NFS-116). @.— 7s eR New York FISHERY LANDINGS, 1965: Total landings of fish and shellfish in the Marine District of New York during 1965 (not including unclassified fish for reduction) were 69.0 million pounds valued at $11.9 million ex-vessel. Compared with 1964, that was a drop of 13 percent in quantity, but an increase of 20 percent in value. The decline in quan- tity resulted from lighter landings of suchim- portant species as menhaden, scup, and but- terfish. The menhaden catch decreased 29 percent from 1964--a year of low production. Landings of yellowtail flounder were compar- New York Marine Landings, 1965 and 1964 1965 1/1964 Fish Pounds Value Pounds Value Bluefish ...... 1,036, 366 156, 817 675, 115 109, 426 Butterfishh ...... 765,655 89, 407 1,066, 655 126, 161 Od AET chew tasies 365,931 53, 239 516, 500 72,220 Flounders: Gray sole .... 21, 800 2, 362 14, 620 2,072 Blackback .... 2,244,783 118,528 1,440, 640 74,031 Yellowtail .... 3, 671, 223 262, 335 3,561, 810 233, 403 Elukevig gegeesc ue: 2,451,552 557,042 1) 853,780 445, 448 Unclassified ... - - 900 45 enhaden..... 30, 139, 635 417, 407 42, 424,700 516, 226 cup or porgy .. 7,536, 888 746,701 8, 343, 820 783, 648 ea bass... 381, 611 84, 467 500, 740 95, 821 Striped bass a 702,935 135, 831 965, 500 138, 439 iting Vanek © 3, 337, 645 160,522 3, 123, 200 159, 323 nclassified:. .. . 2,765, 409 226, 472 3, 198, 340 260, 785 Total Fish. . 55, 421, 433 3,011, 130 67, 686, 320 3,017,048 Shellfish obsters, Northem .........6. 648, 571 446,277 546,715 305, 747 lams: Hapa ta: ahd Fn An ba edey ore 5,947, 632 5, 149,573 5, 402, 292 4,135,545 Razor et, eer nae ats 8 5, 344 1, 526 5, 856 1, 464 soul de hiv edie i opis mee cea 205,553 66, 540 180, 832 55, 677 Pay eee an I TY Fs Bee 1,505, 240 126,783 1,217,676 108, 852 is) a REM lac gael a 42,900 9, 669 40,950 7,989 Pants Ue Dee SF cate 295, 310 44) 813 124,950 16,512 Bie ee ear ene ne ie 199, 336 322, 471 213, 468 315, 037 BT a Mere. ERIE O NE deat 886, 043 721,497 687, 096 731,474 Teens s OG, cart CR MRE RCM 2,917, 153 1, 898, 374 2,044, 332 1, 114, 682 Sie dey ae Auccdabtcl eels 974, 063 66, 009 1,007, 130 74,008 FTotaliShelltishy Seb ee 13, 627, 145 6, 866, 987 Grand Total .. 2... 22+ ++ | 69,048,578 9, 884,035 All other species are shown in round weight. 1/In addition to the catch in the Marine District there was a catch in the Hudson River area totaling 172,100 pounds valued at $24, 185 consisting of shad 78,200 pounds, striped bass 29,500 pounds, alewives 37,000 pounds, and other species 27,400 pounc INote: Does not include the catch of unclassified fish for reduction, Univalve and bivalve mollusks are reported in pounds of meats July 1966 able to 1964, and there were increases in fluke and blackback flounder landings. The pound net catch showed no appreciable gains during the year. Scup and bluefish were the leading items with 7.5 and 1.0 million pounds, respectively. Catches of shad, men- haden, and herring by pound nets were light. Scup or porgy Hard clain meats Yellowtail flounders Whiting Scup or porgy Sea scallop meats Fluke Blackback flounders Million pounds 0 TS F "New York State marine catch of certain fish and shellfish, 1965 and 1964. The commercial catch of striped bass failed to come up to that of 1964--the largest on record for New York. The total catch of 702,000 pounds was about the third largest in recent years, with 82 percent of the catch be- ing landed by ocean-haul seiners. The otter trawl catch of striped bass was down sharply, particularly for the fall season. Lobster production increased in both the offshore otter trawl and inshore pot fisheries. Ex-vessel values were high in both fisheries, ranging from 70 cents to $1.25 a pound. Landings at New York City's Fulton Street Market in 1965 were 5.7 million pounds--a decrease of 11 percent compared with 1964. The decline was due to a drop in landings of scup and butterfish--two of the major spe- cies. Sea scallop landings increased over 1964, with the majority of the vessels fishing in waters off New York after the decline in production from areas off the Virginia Capes. Hard clam production increased in quan- tity and value. The increase in production came in the summer season with many casu- al fishermen taking advantage of a good sup- ply and high prices. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 North Atlantic Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development TUNA AND SWORDFISH DISTRIBUTION STUDIES IN NORTHWEST ATLANTIC CONTINUED: M/V “Delaware” Cruise 66-2 (March 8- April 6, 1966): Concentrations of large blue- fin tuna were located in the Gulf Stream area of the Northwestern Atlantic during a recent exploratory long line fishing cruise of the re- search vessel Delaware operated by the Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, U. 8S. Depart- ment of the Interior. The vessel utilized radio-facsimile equipment to receive daily sea surface temperature charts in determin- ing optimum fishing areas. The one-month ihvestigation covered a 750-mile section of the Gulf Stream from south of Cape Cod to south of Newfoundland and obtained new sea- sonal distribution information on bluefin, yel- lowfin, big-eyed, and albacore tuna, as well as swordfish. Fig. 1 - A deck sample of bluefin, yellowfin, and albacore tuna, and swordfish were part of a day's 9-ton long-line catch in the Gulf Stream by the M/V Delaware. OBJECTIVES: Principal objectives of the cruise were to: (1) evaluate methods of lo- 36 cating tuna and swordfish concentrations based on analysis of the thermal environment structure, and (2) survey the distribution and abundance of tuna and swordfish in the North- western Atlantic during late winter. Se 43s" fe oe to ae Pra Fig. 2 - Station pattern of M/V Delaware Cruise 66-2 (March 8- April 6, 1966.) GEAR USED: Fishing gear consisted of 165-fathom units of long line with ten branch- lines attached at 15-fathom intervals. Each 10-hook unit was buoyed from the surface with a 5- or 20-fathom line. Squid and her- ring baits were alternately used on every other unit. Adjunct equipment included a ma- rine radiofacsimile recorder, bathythermo- graphs (BT's), bathykymographs (BKG's), and a recording thermograph. METHODS OF OPERATION: The approxi- mate geographic position of each fishing sta- tion was selected using data from general sea surface temperature isotherm charts and sonic layer depth charts received daily from the U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office by the radiofacsimile recorder on the vessel. The validity of the data was checked and the ex- act position of each station was determined from analysis of actual observations on sea surface temperature variation by recording thermograph, and BT's along the vesseltrack into the area. With the exception of two day sets of long-line gear, 60 units of long-line gear (600 hooks) were set after midnight at each station and hauled after sunrise to per- mit the gear to fish during the dark and light hours of the day. The effect of current on the gear was measured by plots of Loran bearings on the ends of the long-line set at time of setout and haulback. BT recordings of the subsurface-temperature profile were taken at the time and position of each Loran bearing. The depth of the gear, and the time COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 and depth of fish hooked, were recorded by BKG instruments placed at the centers (be- tween hooks 5 and 6) of several units on each set. An exact time record was kept on each unit of gear retrieved to relate the fish catch to surface temperature variations on the ther- mograph. RESULTS: An abundance of large bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) was found in the west- ern portion of ithe area surveyed. At one sta- tion approximately 9 tons were taken on 600 hooks, a catch rate of 12.3 fish per 100 hooks. A second sampling at another station in the same area 2 weeks later yielded 3.5 tons on 600 hooks with a catch rate of 4.2 fish per 100 hooks, and suggests concentrations of more than random occurrence. Bluefin tuna ranged in size from 215 to 340 pounds (round) and averaged 277 pounds. Catches totaling 17 tons at 8 stations covered the entire 750-mile area investigated and indicated a distribution of that bluefin size group along the Gulf Stream areafrom Cape Hatteras to the Grand Banks. Catches of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) at six stations covering the entire area of investiga- tion indicated a thin distribution of the species along the Gulf Stream area at that time of year. Although the catches were smali(17 total) it is noteworthy that the size of fishinthe western portion of the area (18-110 pounds, 13 fish) was much smaller thanfishinthe eastern portion (155-350 pounds, 4fish). Average size of swordfish on the cruise was 107 pounds. Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) were found at 4 of the 5 stations having surface temperature of 69° F. or greater. Average weight of 18 fish caught was 35 pounds. Alba- core (Thunnus alalunga) were taken in small numbers at all but the 3 westernmost stations, providing new distributional information on the species at that time of year. Size of alba- core averaged 34 pounds, with a range of 10 to 59 pounds. Big-eyed tuna (Thunnus obesus) were taken at 4 stations, with a good catch rate (2.5 fish per 100 hooks) at one of the sta- tions. Size of big-eyed tuna averaged 102 pounds, with a range of 31 to 138 pounds. Large catches of blue shark (Prionace glauca) were made throughout the area. A total catch of 359 blue shark from the 12 sta- tions fished weighed an estimated 16 tons. Shark damage to fish was not significant, al- though considerable time was lost due to fre- quent snarls and parting of the gear. July 1966 Other catches of interest were 5 speci- mens of the pelagic stingray (Dasyatis vio- lacea) and 1 Atlantic loggerhead turtle (Ca- retta caretta). In cooperation with the Woods Hole Ocean- ographic Institution a total of 92 tuna, 2 swordfish, and 1 turtle weremarked and re- leased using dart tags. Sharks tagged and released in conjunction with U. 8S. Depart- ment of Interior shark studies at the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory and the Shark Research Panel of the American Institute of Biological Sciences totaled 315. Shark, tuna, and sword- fish eyes and shark vertebral columns were frozen for research studies at the Retina Foundation of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Blue- fin tuna stomachs and gonads were frozenfor analysis at the Bureau's Tropical Atlantic Bi- ological Laboratory in Miami, Fla., and speci- mens of bluefin, big-eyed, and albacore tuna were preserved frozen for anatomical studies at the U. S. National Museum and the Bureau's Ichthyological Laboratory, Wash- ington, D. C. During the cruise, 45 3T mes- sages were transmitted to the Naval Oceano- graphic Office through Coast Guard radio sta- tions. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1966 p. 31. North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations LARVAL HERRING DISTRIBUTION IN GULF OF MAINE STUDIED: M/V “Rorqual" Cruise 2-66 (February 14- March 6, 1966): To determine the distribu- tion of larval herring along the coast of the Gulf of Maine was the objective of this cruise by the research vessel Rorqual, operated by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interior, Biological Labo- ratory, Boothbay Harbor, Me. The area of operations was between Cape Ann and Grand Manan Channel. BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS: A total of 50 stations was occupied. Three-mile oblique tows were made at each station using the Boothbay No. 4 trawl. One Gulf III oblique tow was made in the Grand Manan Channel. HYDROGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS: Sur- face temperatures and salinities were taken at each station. Five drift bottles and 5 sea- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 bed drifters were released at 21 standard stations. A Nansen bottle cast, a bathytherm- ograph (BT) cast, and a Secchi disc reading were taken at the Grand Manan station. PRELIMINARY FINDINGS: Nearly 2,000 (1,912) larval herring were caught ranging in standard length from 17 to 46 millimeters (0.7 to 1.8 inches), The heaviest concentra- tions were found in Ipswich Bay and off Blue- hill, Frenchmans and Pleasant Bays. Mean lengths were generally larger in the west and east and smallest near Penobscot Bay. The largest mean length was from a catch off Machias Bay. M/V "'Rorqual'’ Cruise 3-66 (March 16-23, 1966): The Bureau's research vessel Rorqual continued its operations between Cape Ann and Grand Manan Channel during the cruise to de- termine the distribution of larval herring a- long the coastal Gulf of Maine. BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS: Oblique tows with the Boothbay No. 4 trawl were made for larval herring at 50 stations. A watchwas kept for schools of sardine-sized herring. Meter net tows were made along the coast for barnacle larvae. HYDROGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS: Sur- face temperatures and salinities were taken at each station. A total of 5 drift bottles and 5 sea-bed drifters were released at 21 sta- tions. PRELIMINARY FINDINGS: Larval herring were abundant during this cruise. The total catch was 1,954. The larvae ranged from 20- 40 millimeters (0.8 to 1.6 inches) standard length. One school of sardine-sized herring was sighted on the surface 3 miles southeast of Pemaquid Point. Barnacle larvae were not present along the coast in large numbers. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1966 p. 42. LOBSTER AND SEA HERRING POPULATION STUDIES CONTINUED: R/V “Albatross IV" Cruise 66-5 (April 19- 29, 1966): To sample populations of sea her- ring and lobsters and obtain related environ- mental data was the main objective of this cruise by the research vessel Albatross IV of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Other objectives were to: (1) obtain blood samples from sea herring and lobsters, (2) make plankton tows for herring larvae, and 38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW (3) observe lobster habitat using a deep-sea still picture camera. The areas of operation were Cape Cod Bay, Stellwagen Banks, Jef- freys Ledge, general area of George Bank, Corsair, Lydonia, Veatch and Hudson Can- yons, and South Long Island Slope. The Albatross IV, research vessel’of the U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries. FISHING OPERATIONS: Herring: Three herring trawl sets lasting 1 hour each were made at some stations in waters of 24 to 50 fathoms yielding a total of 4 bushels. The herring obtained were from 19.5 to 32.5 cen- timeters (about 8 to 13 inches) long. At an- other lobster station a half bushel of herring was obtained and those fish were from 24.4 to 30.1 centimeters (about 10 to 12 inches) long. The majority of herring in the samples were from the 1960 and 1961 year-classes. Shipboard examination of gonadal condition showed that the majority of the fish were in late stage VIII of maturity. A total of 70 her- ring blood samples was taken for analysis. Lobster: A totalof29trawl sets was made at the 5major lobster stations covered. The sets made in waters of 60to 160 fathoms yielded about 950 lobsters, 55 percent females and 45 percent males--63 of the females were berried. The average weight of the entire catch was 4 pounds, and the average weight of legal size lobsters was Spounds. Therange in weight of the entire catch was 0.1 to 22 pounds. The larg- est catch occurred on Hudson Canyon where 103 baskets of lobsters were obtained from a 1 -hour tow. Large lobsters were prevalent on Lydon- ia and Oceanographer Canyons, while short lob- sters wereprevalent inthe catches from Veatch's and Hudson Canyons. A total of 42 lob- sters was collected from the 16 lobster stations fished onthe South Long Island Slope andthe 3 lobster stations fished inthe Gulf of Maine. The largest catch inthat transect made at one station yielded 13 lobsters. One lobster (5 Vol. 28, No. 7 pounds) was collected from the Stellwagen Bank station. Species of fish, other than her- ring, collected during the cruise were had- dock (30 bushels), American dab (2 bushels), yellowtail (7 bushels), winter flounder (13 bushels), sand dab (1 bushel), alewives (4 bushel), cod (7 bushels), eel pout (5 bushels), pollock (5 bushels), cusk (1 bushel), hake (1 bushel), sculpin (3 bushel), dogfish (7, 500 lbs.), goose fish (3,700 lbs.), halibut (4 pounds), and grenadiers (q bushel), CAMERA OPERATIONS: In all, 7 camera "drops'' were made during the cruise. Dur- ing each drop 20 to 30 pictures of the ocean bottom were taken, mostly in known lobster grounds. The drops were made on the slopes of Georges Bank and on the troughs, slopes and runs of Lydonia, Veatch and Hudson Can- yons. PLANKTON OPERATIONS: During the cruise, 18 one-meter net planktontows lasting 15 minutes each (5 minutes at 20 meters, 5min- utes at 10 meters, and 5 minutes at the sur- face) were made. A total of 6,305 herring larvae with an average length of 39 millime- ters or about 1.5 inches (range 30 to 50 milli- meters or 1.2 to 2.0 inches) were obtained. Approximately 80 percent of the larvae were from 3 stations. No larvae were obtained at the other stations. HYDROGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS: Sea bed drifters and drift bottles were released at selected stations along the Continental Shelf. At each trawl stationbathythermo- graph (BT) casts were made, salinities col- lected, and weather observations recorded. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1966 p. 41. North Pacific Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development HAKE AND ANCHOVY POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V "John N. Cobb,” Cruise 77 (April 13- May 4, 1966): A 3-week pelagic survey for northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) in wa- ters off the Washington coast between Cape Flattery and the Columbia River mouth was recently completed by the exploratory fishing vessel John N. Cobb, operated by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interior. Two days of the alloted time July 1966 of the cruise were used in pelagic fishing and gear evaluation in Puget Sound prior to the scheduled departure date. tay VANCOUVER *.2:3) : _ ISLAND ° WASHINGTON Legend: Trawl station. - Arcaofex- _ FEF ploration, bec Area of operations during M/V aay N. Cobb Cruise 77 (April 15- 4, 1966). OBJECTIVES: The primary objectives of the cruise were to: (1) obtain data on the geographic and bathymetric distribution of northern anchovy during the time interval mid-April-early May; (2) obtain data on the catching efficiency of the modified 4 oe scale, 3-inch mesh version of the Mark II 'Cobb"" pelagic trawl for northern anchovy; and (3) obtain biological information on northern an- chovy. A secondary objective was to obtain samples of northern anchovy for composition analysis by the Bureau's Seattle Technolog- ical Laboratory. Objectives of the 2-day pelagic fishing and gear evaluation effort in Puget Sound wereto: (1) have SCUBA equip- ped divers assess the degree of structural modification necessary to achieve proper trawl pattern of the 4-scale net; (2) fish the unmodified trawl on concentrations of Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) in Port Susan; and (3) return samples of Pacific hake and plankton to the Bureau's Seattle Biological Laboratory for biological analysis. GEAR: Midwater trawls fished duringthe survey were: (1) the Standard Mark II'' Cobb" pelagic trawl, constructed of 3-inch mesh multifilament webbing, equipped with a full COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 $-inch mesh liner in the cod-end, and (2) the modified 2-scale, 3-inch-mesh version of the Mark II" Gobb" pelagic trawl. Both trawls were fished with a pair of 5-by 8-foot alumi- num hydrofoil-type otter boards attached to 30- fathom bridles. Fishing depth of the trawl was monitored by using a dual electrical depth telemetering system, with the depth sensing units positioned on the trawl at the lower end of the wings. A high-resolution, low-frequen- cy echo sounder was used to locate fish schools. METHODS OF OPERATIONS: Onshore- offshore echo-sounding transects were made at oblique angles to the coast between the 10- and 140-fathom isobaths. Upon location, fish populations were sampled with a pelagic trawl to obtain data on species composition and a- vailability to the trawl. Post-sampling pro- cedures included the outlining of significant schooling areas by closely spaced echo-sound- ing transects. A bathythermograph cast, with its associated sea-surface reference temper- ature, was made after each haul. TWO-DAY PUGET SOUND EFFORT: One drag, 2 plankton tows, and 5 bathythermo- graph casts were made in Puget Sound. A 2- minute drag at latitude 48°06.6' N. and longi- tude 122922.8' W., was made on strong echo traces ranging between 45 and 63 fathoms over an average bottom depth of 65 fathoms. About 9,000 pounds of Pacific hake were collected. A random sample (289 fish) showed a 3.1:1 male to female sex ratio, respectively. Length measurements ranged from 31 to 46 centimeters (12.2 to 18.1 inches), with males averaging 35.0 centimeters (13.8 inches), and females 37.9 centimeters (about 14.9 inches). Gonads were observed in various stages of development. A brief examination by person- nel from the Seattle Biological Laboratory showed that both plankton samples contained hake-like eggs. Vertical temperature pro- files taken in Port Susan showed surface wa- ter temperatures ranging from 49.8° to 51.2° F., while corrected rempe vatuncs at 65 fath- oms ranged from 48. 5° to 49.99 F. SCUBA-equipped divers observed that the unmodified * scale, 3 -inch mesh version of the Mark II "Cobb" pelagic trawl showed an excessive amount of ball oning web while un- der tow at a balanced deth of 10 fathoms. This feature was successfully corrected by lengthening the criss-cross riblines. This modified version was theii used during the re- mainder of the cruise. 40 WASHINGTON COAST EXPLORATIONS: A total of 6 hauls, 5 with the modified £-scale, 23-inch mesh trawl and one with the Standard Mark II ''Cobb'' trawl was made off the Wash- ington coast between Grayland and the Co- lumbia River Lightship over average bottom depths ranging from 23 to 74 fathoms. An- chovy was the dominant species collected, fol- lowed by silvergray rockfish (Sebastodes brevispinis), yellowtail rockfish (Sebas- todes flavidus), starry flounder (Plati- chthys stellatus), and dogfish (Squalus acanthias). No echo traces indicating anchovy were observed between the 10- and 140-fathomiso- baths from Cape Flattery to Grays Harbor during the survey. The area between Grays Harbor and Pacific Park showed an occasion- al weak to fair echo trace over bottom rang- ing from 19 to 41 fathoms. A total of 75 pounds of anchovy was collected from a 10- minute tow off Grayland, on light scattered traces ranging from 8 to 15 fathoms in depth over an average bottom depth of 33 fathoms. These fish ranged from 6 to 13 centimeters (2.4 to 5.1 inches) and averaged 8.96 centi- meters (3.5 inches) in length. The area between Pacific Park and the Columbia River Lightship showed several fair to excellent concentrations of anchovy - like traces between the 12- and 74-fathom isobaths. Excellent echo traces showing sev- eral concentrations of anchovy - like signs were located throughout a 23- by 1;-mile area. lying west of the Columbia River mouth over bottom ranging from 21 to 35 fathoms. A 5,000-pound catch of anchovy was made ina 15-minute tow on those traces, which ranged from 18 to 32 fathoms in depth over an aver- age bottom depth of 35 fathoms. These fish ranged 10 to 18 centimeters (3.9 to 7.1 inch- es) and averaged 14.15 centimeters (5.6 inch- es) in length. Extreme gilling was observed throughout the bag of the = scale g-inch mesh trawl. Excessive gilling occurred again dur- ing a 60-minute tow off Peacock Spit. A total of 3,000 pounds of anchovy was collected from heavy echo traces ranging from 14 to 21 fath- oms in depth over an average bottom depth of 23 fathoms. Anchovy ranged from 11 to 18 centimeters (4.3 to 7.1 inches) and averaged 15.03 centimeters (5.9 inches) in length. A single 30-minute tow, with the Standard Mark II ''Cobb'' pelagic trawl, yielded 18,000 pounds of anchovy off Cape Disappointment. Heavy echo traces ranged from 17 to 22 fathoms in depth over an average bottom depth of 23 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 fathoms. No gilling was observed during this tow. No signs were observed between the 10- and 50-fathom isobaths south of the Columbia River Lightship. COOPERATIVE STUDIES: In cooperation with the Bureau's Seattle Technology Labora- tory, about 7 tons of northern anchovy were delivered to a commercial fish company in Warrenton, Oreg., for experimental reduction studies. Samples of anchovy were retained and frozen from most hauls for proximate composition studies by the Seattle Technology Laboratory. Two tows with a 1-meter plank- ton net were made in Port Susan, Puget Sound, for additional information on Pacific hake studies presently being conducted by the Bu- reau's Seattle Biological Laboratory. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1966 p. 25. North Pacific Fisheries SALMON RESEARCH CRUISES PLANNED FOR SUMMER 1966: The U. S. Department of the Interior's Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Lab- oratory in Seattle, Wash., will send its re- search vessel, the George B. Kelez, and two chartered vessels to the North Pacific during summer 1966 for research on salmon. The Bureau's research vessel will fish a series of stations south of Unalaska Island along long. 167° W. Two chartered vessels, the Paragon and St. Michael, are to fish stations about 330 miles east and west of the George B. Kelez at long. 176° W. south of Adak Island, and at long. 158° W. south of the Shumagin Is- lands. Investigations Fig. 1 - Bureau of Commercial Fisheries vessel R/V George B. Kelez. July 1966 Stations will be fished on each longitudinal line to study the north-to-south distribution of immature salmon south of the Aleutian Is- lands and Alaskan Peninsula. Repeated fish- ing at the various stations will yield data on movement and changing characteristics (spe- cies, age, origin, etc.) of salmon populations in those areas with time. Fishing will con- tinue from about July 1 until about September 1, 1966. Sampling gear will be surface gill nets 1,400 to 1,500 fathoms long, consisting of four mesh sizes--23, 33, 44, and 53 inches (stretched measure). Fig. 2 - Bureau of Commercial Fisheries chartered vessel M/V Paragon. Fig. 3 - Bureau of Commercial Fisheries chartered vessel M/V St. Michael. Primary objectives of the summer cruise are to: (1) Determine the relative abundance, north-to-south distribution, age composition, and racial origin of immature salmon south of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 This information may suggest more accurate methods of forecasting runs of sockeye salm- on in Bristol Bay. (2) Determine the percentage of captured fish that drop out of high seas gill nets before they are landed. Direct observation of salm- on in the nets while the nets are fishing will be attempted in order to establish the dropout rate. (3) Compare catches from gill nets and purse Seines for information on selectivity of both types of gear for certain species, sizes, and ages of salmon. (4) Obtain oceanographic data to improve understanding of the distribution and abun- dance of salmon. This cruise will be the greatest effort in personnel and vessels that the Bureau's Seat- tle laboratory has expended in several years. Detailed knowledge of the summer distribution of immature salmon from areas south of the Shumagin Islands as far west as Adak Island, a distance of over 700 miles, is expected to be gained from studies. --By Richard Bakkala, Fishery Research Biologist, Biological Laboratory, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Seattle, Washington 98102 Oceanography MANUFACTURERS INVITED TO EXHIBIT PRODUCTS AT FRANKFURT, GERMANY: An opportunity for United States manufac- turers to open outlets in Western Europe for oceanographic instrumentation, equipment, systems, and services was announced by the U. S. Department of Commerce on April 12, 1966. The Department's Bureau of Interna- tional Commerce (BIC) will give its first over- seas exhibition of oceanographic products at the U. S. Trade Center in Frankfurt, West Germany, on November 2-9, 1966. United States manufacturers are invited to show and sell. A broad market development campaign is underway to attract buyers, agents, and dis- tributors to the exhibition from West Germany and from neighboring countries of Western Europe. 42 A market survey conducted in Western Eu- rope for the U. S. Bureau of International Commerce pinpointed business opportunities. Among some of the business opportunities were: ocean mineral and food resources de- velopment; fisheries research and fish farm- ing; marine and civil underwater engineering, construction, and harbor installation; marine biology and geophysical oceanic research, underwater TV, and movies; and hydrography. The survey revealed that a growing number of European firms was interested in diver- sifying their capabilities to take advantage of advanced ocean sciences and engineering to develop the vast resources of the ocean. As inthe United States, Western European firms and organizations, both private and gov- ernment, now are engaged in a wide variety of oceanographic activities--physics, chemistry, meteorology, graphics, geology, metallurgy, biology, medicine, naval architecture, and civil engineering. U. S. firms interested in taking part in the Frankfurt Trade Center show may obtain ad- ditional information and marketing facts from the Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230, or from any of the Department's 42 field offices. AH EY SOEs vers bho DEEP-WATER BUOY SYSTEM IMPLANTED OFF CALIFORNIA COAST FOR OCEAN RESEARCH: The successful implantation of a three- point buoy moor in deep water (4,300 feet) was recently made by a marine engineering firm. This buoy system, installed for the Environmental Scientific Services Adminis-— tration (ESSA) of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, is located 80 miles off the California coast. The purpose of the buoy system is to support instruments which are recording con- tinual magnetic measurements for the first time in the deep ocean basin, The project scientist for ESSA termed the retrieval of the first 60 days of recorded data as a "'signifi- cant step toward the establishment of mag- netic observatories throughout the 78 percent of the world covered by the oceans’. Previ- ously, the engineering firm successfully im- planted and recovered a similar buoy system for ESSA in 12,000 feet of water. The system consists of a stable toroidal (doughnut-shaped) buoy, 8 feet in diameter, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 moored 100 feet below the water's surface. The buoy is anchored in exact position by three 6,150 ft. wire mooring legs. To prevent the wire legs from sagging, glass floats are attached at 120-foot intervals along each of the legs. The foam-filled buoy supports an in- strument case containing a magnetometer which measures the earth's magnetic field vector. After 30 days, the magnetometer is removed from the buoy and the batteries are recharged for 24 hours; the instrument is then reinstalled in the buoy. SITE MARKER BUOY INSTRUMENT BUOY 100 FEET BELOW SURFACE “ .» NEUTRALLY BUOYANT MOORING LEGS. WIRE ROPE WITH GLASS FLOATS ATTACHED ala AE 4300' WATER DEPTH \ Stable deep-water buoy for long-term geophysical measurement, According to the engineering firm, this buoy system is the first to hold position with- out vertical, horizontal, or rotational move- ment and to allow the collection of precise deep-ocean geophysical measurements. Al- though it was designed by ESSA primarily as a deep-sea magnetometer station, the system provides a highly stable platform which read- ily can be instrumented with a variety of other sensors. For example, it canbe usedto meas~ ure deep-sea tides, seismic sea waves (tsu- namis), or to provide a geodetic bench mark. "Hopefully, a series of these buoy systems will be implanted throughout the world ena- bling man to increase his knowledge and un- derstanding of the deep ocean," said the ESSA scientist. July 1966 Salmon U. S. PACIFIC COAST CANNED STOCKS, APRIL 1, 1966: On April 1, 1966, canners! stocks (sold and unsold) in the United States of Pacific canned salmon totaled 1,183,396 standard cases (48 1-lb. cans)--302,551 cases less than on March 1, 1966, and 252,349 cases less than on April 1, 1965, when stocks to- taled 1,435,745 standard cases. On the basis of total stocks of 1,621,019 actual cases (consisting of cans of {-Ib., 3- lb., 1-lb., etc.), red salmon accounted for 1,112,151 cases (mostly 1-lb. and 3-Ib, cans) or 68.6 percent of the total canners! stocks on April 1, 1966; pink salmon accounted for 255,864 cases or only 15.8 percent (148,831 cases were 1-lb. talls). Next came coho or silver (102,039 cases), followed by chum (92,726 cases), and king salmon (58,239 cases). Table 1 - Total Canners' Stocks of Pacific Canned Salmon, April 1, 1966 Apr. 1, 1966 | Mar. 1, 1966 Feb. 1, 1966 66,421 1,315,770 119,342 365,595 142,969 155,072 520,292 201,711 Cariyover stocks at the canners! level to- taled 723,575 standard cases on July 1, 1965, the approximate opening date of the Pacific salmon packing season. Adding the 1965 new 138, 101 381, 217 589,744 3,089 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Table 2 - Total Camners' Stocks on Hand April 1, 1966 (Sold and Unsold), by Species and Can Size King Red Pink Chum 43 season pack of 3,541,187 standard cases brought the total available supply for the 1965/66 market season to 4,274,762 standard cases, Shipments at the canners! level of all salm- on species from July 1, 1965, to April 1, 1966, totaled 3,091,366 standard cases. The carry- over of 733,575 standard cases on July 1, 1965, the beginning of the 1965/66 sales year, was substantially lower (37.6 percent) than the carryover of 1,175,588 cases a year earlier. Data on canned salmon stocks are based on reports from U. S. Pacific Coast canners who packed over 96 percent of the 1965 salm- on pack. (Division of Statistics and Econom- ics, National Canners Association, April 27, 1966.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1966 p. 30. Sea Scallops SUPPLIES PLENTIFUL DURING FIRST QUARTER OF 1966: The consumption of sea scallops in the United States was up sharply as of March 1966. January-March 1966 consumption was 8.5 mil- lion pounds compared with 6.0 million pounds a year earlier--42-percent increase. Much of the increase in consumption can be attrib- uted to lower retail prices, particularly for frozen scallops. In March 1966, retail prices for fresh and frozen scallops at Boston aver- aged 13 percent below the December 1965 levels. Prices for frozen scallops in Balti- 190, 4 589,526 46,098 36, 001 2, 386 99, 802 826, 457 14,556 16, 144 3,796 148, 831 4,845 Red 286, 947 116, 687 601,798 18,712 870, 879 -37 6, 370 145,799 1,765,994 Coho Pink Chum Total ol fey tee |(ACtual Cases) yeu. sie) ene! e) cfc © Je Sevier ewelic)kenieltelkon's 78,740 6, 107 ~65 382, 166 96,547 312,538 73,751 1,201, 321 91,956 900, 806 428, 824 2,311,177 10, 473 53,094 14, 087 83, 987 277,716 1,272,545 516,597 3,978, 651 44 more averaged 23 percent below Decem- ber. Prices broke at the ex-vessel and whole- sale levels in December because cold-stor- age holdings in the United States and Canada were at record highs. Wholesale prices lev- eled off in January and February 1966 but dropped steadily in March, although not as emphatically as at the close of 1965. Following the large drop in ex-vessel prices in December, part of the loss wasre- covered in January. Since the middle of Feb- ruary, ex-vesselprices have edged downward. Teg oe ees CANADA ae UNITED STATES 4 Le) JAN APR JUL oct JAN APR JUL oct JAN APR JUL oct 1964 1965 1966 irst of month scallop cold-storage holdings. Prices at all levels dropped during the first quarter of 1966 because of abundant sup- plies. In addition to the high U. S. and Ca- nadian inventory carryover of frozen scallops at the end of 1965, scallop fishing has been good. New England landings in the first quar- ter of 1966 were about 27 percent above a year earlier. When the increased U. S. and Canadian landings are added to frozen inven- tories on hand January 1, 1966, total U. S.- Canadian supplies in January were 10.4 imil- lion pounds, or more than double the supplies of a year earlier. With lower prices stimulating consumption, the larger supplies have moved quickly into retail channels. U.S. cold-storage holdings were cut sharply in the first quarter 1966 be- cause consumption was greater than U.S, land- ings and imports. By April 1, U. S. cold- storage holdings were only 3.8 million pounds-- down from the 5.9 million pounds on hand Jan- uary 1. Although Aprill, 1966, holdings were much above the 2 million pounds on hand A- pril 1, 1965, price levels prevailing in the first quarter of this year probably will re- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 duce frozen stocks to near year-ago levels by mid-1966. Further price weakness would appear un- warranted because: 1. Stocks were reduced substantially in March when retail prices showed a tendency to level off. 2, The scallop fleet was fishing off New York and New Jersey during April. Although production in the first quarter 1966 was well above a year earlier, there is some question as to how long that area can sustain heavy fishing effort. 3. The fleet must return to the fishing grounds on Georges Bank when the fishing area off New York and New Jersey is depleted for this season. Biologists of the U. S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries see no in- crease in abundance for 1966 on Georges Bank, and it might possibly be less. With little competition from the United States fleet, Canadian vessels on Georges Bankin January increased their catch only 19 percent over the previous year. While the American fleet is off New York and New Jersey, the Canadian fleet can be expected to harvest scallops from the most productive areas on Georges Bank. Therefore, if the United States fleet fishes out the New York and New Jersey beds, there is the question of what will be the abundance and size of scallops on Georges Bank when the United States fleet returns to those grounds. There is a possibility of light scallop sup- plies and rising prices in the last half of 1966. This is primarily dependent on how soon the Middle Atlantic grounds are fished out and the abundance of market scallops on Georges Bank. (U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Branch of Current Economic Analysis, Shellfish Sec- tion.) Shark REWARD OFFERED FOR TAG RECOVERIES: A shark tagging program covering the en- tire east coast is being conducted by the U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory in Highlands, N.J., to determine migratory patterns and other as- pects of the life histories of Atlantic sharks. A $5.00 reward is offered for shark tags re- July 1966 turned to the Laboratory. The tag should be returned with information on date recovered, species, location, total length, and fishing method. REWARD $5 FOR SHARK TAGS RETURNED TO; BUREAU of SPORT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE SANDY HOOK MARINE LABORATORY HIGHLANDS N.J. To datermine migratory patterns end other aspects of the life historias of Atlantic sharks. sportemen are assisting BSF&W biologists ins tagging program covering the entire east coast. The success of this study depends on cooperation from fisherman in recovering tags The tog. date on when & where shark was marked, and the reward,will be sent to you. SEND TAG WITH FOLLOWING DATA; date species location total length fishing method SA ane LABORATORY HIGHLANDS, NEW JERSEY, 07732 J} While the Laboratory program is not the only shark tagging program being conducted, it is the principal one on the United States east coast. Sportsmen are assisting Bureau biologists in the program and success of the study depends on cooperation from fishermen in recovering tags. Largely through these sportsmen's efforts, over 2,500 tagged sharks are now at liberty in the Atlantic Ocean. The yield of scientific information from these studies depends on tag recoveries. Since sharks are not fished commercially to any extent along the east coast, it is impor- tant that fishermen are on the lookout for the tagged specimens. In order to acquaint fish ermen with the study, the Sandy Hook Ma- rine Laboratory has distributed reward post- ers at docks, tackle shops, marinas, and oth- er places in different areas. The Laboratory hopes to cover the coast from Maine to Texas with this information so that tag recoveries will increase as more people become aware of the program. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 An important world-wide shark program is being conducted by the American Institute of Biological Sciences under the direction of Stewart Springer, U. S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. In addition to the United States pro- grams, biologists in Canada, South Africa, Norway, Australia, and New Zealand also have an interest in shark migration studies. Earlier tagging programs, particularly in Australia, have produced major contributions to understanding the life history of commer - cially valuable sharks in that area. South Atlantic Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF BROWN AND PINK SHRIMP OFF FLORIDA COAST STUDIED: M/V “Oregon Cruise 108 (April 18-30, 1966): A two-week exploratory fishing cruise along the southeastern coast of the United States was completed April 30, 1966, by the exploratory fishing vessel Oregon, operated by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of the Interior. Objectives of the cruise were to obtain seasonal catch data on the offshore brown shrimp grounds south of Cape Kennedy, and to survey the outer shelf area between Charleston, S. C., and Sebastian Inlet, Fla., with shrimp trawls and scallop dredges. Gear used in the trawling transects were 40- and 60-foot flat shrimp trawls rig- ged on 6- and 8-foot chain doors. No grooved shrimp concentrations were located south of Cape Kennedy. Only scat- tered brown (Penaeus aztecus) and pink (P. duorarum) shrimp were caught through the 25- to 30-fathom depth levels where commer- cial concentrations were located during the winter of 1965. Small quantities of rock shrimp (Sicyonia brevirostris) were uniformly distributed from Charleston to central Florida in depths of 15 to 50 fathoms. South of Cape Kennedy catches increased to 12 to 65 pounds an hour of 21-25 count (heads-on) rock shrimp. Several good indications of bottomfish con- centrations were observed during the cruise. Two-hour drags with 40-foot trawls off Day- tona Beach in 25 to 30 fathoms yielded 300 to 1,300-pound catches of 4-pound spot (Leio- 46 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Legend: e - Shrimp trawl. o - Scallop dredge. o - Hand lines. = e KENNEDY ° 3 e enpanagsasessscacureneseecetnens access: siseetsobet ses8 oo Ber sescy antes seat esess pecnsteore se eeserpbasy Sonee ognes 00d rleas fire pease AAU Ebaeeate ates #5 Eid Exaey geyge stead tees Sead pases cect PPT TOPO TTEN yy sryesevencansse si . (JOINS CHART 1002) 79° Area of operations of M/V Oregon Cruise 108 (April 18-30, 1966). July 1966 stomus xanthurus). Other food fishes were taken at the following maximum rates: croakers (Micropogon undulatus), 161 pounds averaging = pound each; black sea bass (Cen- tropristes striatus), 208 pounds averaging $ pound each; and flounders (Paralichthys sp)), 50 pounds averaging 13 pounds each. A total of 33 half-hour drags was made with a 6-foot tumbler dredge in areas neigh- boring the Cape Kennedy calico scallop bed and northward along the outer shelf. Nolarge concentrations were observed although scat- tered small scallops (P. gibbus) were found northward to 40 fathoms off Sapelo Island, Ga. Three little tuna (Euthynnus alletteratus) were caught on trolling lines. Two were tagged and released. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1966 p. 38. Transportation UNIFORM HIGHWAY LOADING REQUIREMENTS FOR FROZEN FOODS ESTABLISHED: A formal set of Uniform Highway Load- ing Requirements for Frozen Foods’ hasbeen established by the Refrigerated Division, Common Carrier Conference, Irregular Route, and the Traffic and Warehousing Committee of the National Association of Frozen Food Packers. The requirements are for volun- tary acceptance by shippers and carriers of frozen foods. Many of the carriers who han- dle fish as an exempt product are members of the Common Carrier Conference. The requirements as Set forth follow: A. EQUIPMENT: 1. Trailers must be so constructed and properly insulated that, when equip- ped with appropriate refrigeration units, they will be capable of maintain- ing product at 0° F. or lower through- out the load in all movements. 2. All floor drain holes must be suit- ably closed to prevent air leakage. 3. Unless trailer is of envelope-type construction or uses freon or liquid nitrogen as a refrigerant, sidewalls COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 may be stripped, racked, rippled or baffled to provide clearance for air circulation around the load. (See Sec- tion C-3.) 4, If product is loaded on pallets, no floor racks are necessary. 5. If product is loaded on extruded floors, such floors must be free from any dirt and debris. 6. Equipment must be free from any dirt, debris, and offensive odors. 7. All doors must be tight fitting to prevent air leakage. 8. It is preferred that on mechanical refrigeration units, air circulation ducts extend from the circulating fans to at least three-fourths the length of the load. B. PRECOOLING: 1. All units must be precooled to at least 20° F. before loading. C. LOADING AND UNLOADING: 1. Product temperature must be no higher than 0° F, when tendered at tailgate to motor carrier for loading. Shipper, consignor or warehouse must not tender to a carrier any container which has been damaged or defaced to the extent that it is in an unsalable con- dition. 2. Carriers must provide their driv- ers with appropriate testing thermom- eters and instruction in proper pro- cedure to enable them to determine that product they receive is at 0° F, or lower. Arrival product tempera- tures will be taken inside the trailer within a reasonable time after arrival and prior to any unloading. However, the carrier must continue to protect the product until such time as the con- signee is ready to accept that whichthe carrier is ready to tender. Note: Technical Service Bulletin No. 7 (Revised August 25, 1965), issued by the Na- tional Association of Frozen Food Packers, entitled ''Frozen Food Temperatures--Their Meaning and Measurement" describes suit- 48 able equipment and approved procedures for taking accurate temperatures of frozenfoods. 3. No product shall be loaded in such manner that it will interfere with the free flow of air into or out of the re- frigeration unit nor with the free flow of air around the load in trailers of other than envelope-type construction or those using freon or liquid nitrogen as a refrigerant. 4, It is the duty of the shipper and consignee, and not the motor carrier, to see that no product is permitted to remain on a nonrefrigerated dock long- er than 20 minutes. 5. Vehicles should be loaded and un- loaded within allowable free time as provided for in governing tariffs, oth- erwise detention charges will apply. 6. The refrigeration unit of the trail- er must be turned on and doors of the vehicle kept closed during any time when loading and unloading operation cease. 7. The thermostat on the refrigeration unit must be set at 0° F. or lower. 8. Bills of lading will bear the follow- ing or similar notation: ''FROZEN FOODS--To be tendered and transport- ed at a temperature no higher than 0? FE" 9. After loading has been completed and the trailer doors closed, the car- rier's equipment must be checked prior to departure to make certain that the refrigeration equipment is in proper working order. Tropical Atlantic Fisheries Investigations BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF TUNA AND LIVE BAIT INVESTIGATIONS: R/V “Geronimo Cruise 7 (January 24- April 20, 1966): The northeast coast of South America and the eastern Caribbean Sea were the areas covered on this cruise by the re- search vessel Geronimo, operated by the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 Tropical Atlantic Biological Laboratory, Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Depart- ment of the Interior. Objectives were to: (1) investigate the biology and ecology of surface tunas and other pelagic predators by sampling these fish by live-bait fishing and trolling, and by investigating their relationships to the phys- ical, chemical and biological environment, and by testing the suitability of various fishes as live bait; and (2) test the feasibility oftrans- mitting salinity and uncorrected temperature data to a shore station for processing and the subsequent transmission of reduced data back to the vessel; a cooperative feasibility study between the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Coast Guard, National Oceanographic Data Center, Navy Anti-Submarine Warfare Envi- ronmental Prediction System, and the Univer- sity of Miami. INVESTIGATION OF THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF SURFACE TUNAS: Few fish were Sighted during the fishery -oceanography survey from Miami to Trinidad (January 30to February 7) except for some concentrations of blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus) seen near island banks. One large school of tuna was observed near Anguilla Island. This school was estimated to be at 30 tons consisting of 50-150 pound yellowfin tuna (Thunnus alba- cares), 5-10 pound skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), and 5-10 pound blackfin tuna. The school was accompanied by a 40-foot whale shark (Rhincodon typus). The fish were feed- ing on large concentrations of juvenile squir- relfish (Holocentrus sp.). Extremely rough weather was encountered between Trinidad and the mouth of the Ama- zon River from February 12 to March 8. Thirty-knot winds from the northeast pre- vailed daily and made sightings of surface schools virtually impossible. One small school of tuna (5 tons) was sighted. This mixed school of yellowfin and skipjack occur- red at 8°10' N. and 56°40! W. and was ac- companied by several large baleen whales. On the return survey to Trinidad the en- tire track was covered during daylight hours. A few small, scattered schools of little tuna (Euthynnus alletteratus) were observed in the turbid, nearshore waters, particularly near the mouth of the Amazon. A few schools of skipjack tuna and occasional yellowfin jump- ers were Sighted in the clear, offshore wa- ters. A 5-ton school of skipjack and yellow- fin was found at the same locality where the whales and tuna were Sighted 15 days earlier; no whales were present at this time. July 1966 The combination of unfavorable fishing weather and few sightings would indicate that at that time of year the area holds little prom- ise for a tuna fishery. Between March 8 and 26 a fishery-ocea- nography survey along the north coast of Venezuela from Trinidad to Curacao was car- ried out. Heavy seas prevailed during the first portion of the survey, making it difficult to sight fish. In general, it was too rough to allow the fishermen in the racks for bait fish- ing. As a result most fish caught during the first portion of the survey were taken on jig lines. On March 16, two 35-pound yellowfin were caught by that method. A total of 14 scattered schools of skipjack, 4 of yellowfin, and 3 of littletuna were sighted during the survey--all were too small for commercial bait or purse-seine fishing. A total of 2 yellowfin, 8 skipjack and 7 blackfin tuna, and 1 frigate mackerel (Auxis sp.) was caught, mostly on jiglines. Many large breez- ing schools of blackfin tuna and frigate mack- erel were seen on Margarita Bank, located 5- 7 miles off the harbor of Caracas, Venezuela. The blackfin were in close association with pods of baleen whales feeding on the rich con- centration of plankton over the Bank. Flying- fish and dolphin were numerous in these wa- ters and more than 40 dolphin were hooked on jigs. The combination of rough weather and few fish indicated that the coastal and oceanic areas north of Venezuela during the month of March hold little promise for a commercial tuna fishery. Between April 2 and 15 a fishery-oceanog- raphy survey from Curacao to Miami was car- ried out. Most of the effort was concentrated in the Lesser Antilles, especially in the area west of the islands of St. Vincent and St. Lucia. More than 20 schools of skipjack were sighted in a period of 10 days. Biological samples were collected from 276 skipjack sampled from these schools; this number resulted from attempts to catch a maximum of 25 fish from each school sighted and fished. Most fish were less than 12 pounds and many had nearly ma- ture gonads. All schools sighted were of com- mercial quantity and behaved in a schooling fashion believed to be particularly well suited to the purse-seine method of fishing. The western side of the Lesser Antilles is characterized by turbulent eddies formed where the islands intercept the westward moving arms of the Guiana Current. An intensive grid of COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 bathythermograph and hydrographic, as well as biological, stations was occupied in a 550- square-mile area to determine time-space changes in the distribution of these eddies. Preliminary analysis of the distribution of temperature reveals that the eddies may be relatively permanent features and may act as mechanisms for biological enrichment, de- pending upon the direction of eddy rotation. Measurements of temperature, salinity, in- organic phosphate, and oxygen were taken at depths down to 500 meters (1,640 feet) using standard Nansen bottle casts. Plankton sam- ples, measurements of primary productivity using C-14, neuston net tows, and nightlight samples were taken. A continuous daytime watch was maintained for fish schools, birds, and mammals. The fish caught were sampled for length, weight, and sex determination; stomach contents, gill rakers, and gonads were preserved for later study. Samples for biochemical analysis also were taken from the fish. These included eye lenses, external med- ian flank muscle, gonad, heart, liver, caecal mass, and stomach. Blood samples were taken from 100 tuna for serological analysis by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii. Tissue samples were collected for analysis of possible insecticide concentrationby the Bu- reau's Biological Laboratory at Gulf Breeze, Fla. Miscellaneous fish specimens for syste- matic studies were collected at a number of locations; shore collections were made at the Marquesas Keys in Florida. INVESTIGATION OF THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF BAIT FISHES: An unsuccess- ful attempt was made to collect bait fish (from January 24-27) in the vicinity of Fort Myers Beach, Fla., but bad weather hampered oper- ations. The few fish attracted to the night light were harassed by large cobia (Rachy- eentron canadum). Live bait was obtained (February 11-12) at the U. S. Naval Base, Trinidad, by fishing a lampara net during the day. The bait in- cluded Spanish sardines (Sardinella sp.), her- ring (Harengula sp.) and juvenile leatherjack- ets (Oligoplites saurus). The bait survived only 3 days because of extremely rough weather. A total of 150 scoops of Spanish sardines was purchased (March 14) from fishermen in the Gulf of Cariaco, Venezuela. An addi- tional supply was obtained at Punta de Araya. 50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Large schools of bait were common in that area. These fish survived well and proved to be good bait. Samples of the fish used as bait were preserved for future study. COOPERATIVE (ADP) FEASIBILITY STUDY: During the fishery-oceanography survey from Miami to Trinidad hydrographic data, including uncorrected temperatures and salinities, were relayed by radio message to Miami. Temperature data were corrected and the corrected temperatures and salinities were transmitted by teletype from Miami to the National Oceanographic Data Center ~ (NODC) in Wahington, D. C., for comparison with historical records for the area. Quality control messages were returned to the ves- sel. The feasibility study was successful. Meteorological and bathythermograph (BT) data were taken daily throughout the cruise and transmitted respectively to the U. S. Weather Bureau and Anti-Submarine War- fare and Environmental Prediction System (ASWEPS). Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1966 p. 38. R/V ‘Undaunted’ Cruise 2 (February 7- April 9, 1966): To investigate (1) the biology and ecology of surface tuna and other pelagic predators and (2) the biology and ecology of fish suitable for use as livebait for sampling tuna and other pelagic predators were the ob- jectives of this cruise by the researchvessel Undaunted of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Tropical Atlantic Biological Lab- oratory. The areas of operation were the western Atlantic Oceanadjacent tothe Lesser Antilles, and the Caribbean Sea. & _ P| = + } D | oh ATTN Ey aa t * Fig. 1 - R/V Undaunted operated by the U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Tropical Atlantic Biological Laboratory. Vol. 28, No. 7 MISSION 1: Investigations of the Biology and Ecology of Surface Tuna: A total of 44 fish schools was observed during the cruise and 18 of those were sampled by live bait fish- ing or by trolling techniques. From those schools, 508 tuna (25 yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), 483 skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), 1 frigate mackerel (Auxis sp.), 43 dolphin (Coryphaena hippurus), 3 wahoo (A- canthocybium solanderi), 1 crevalle jack (Ca- ranx hippos), 1 horse-eye jack (C. latus), 1 rainbow runner (Elagatis bipinnulatus), and 1 almaco jack (Seriola rivoliana) were caught. Fig. 2 - Shows a deck sample of skipjack tuna caught by R/V Undaunted uuring cmise 2. The majority of the tuna schools sighted were in the southern Lesser Antilles between Martinique and Trinidad. No schools were sighted in the Bahama Islands and only 2 schools were sighted off the southwestern coast of Puerto Rico. Seven large schools of skipjack were sam- pled in a45-by 30-mile area west of St. Vin- cent Island. Individual fish ranged in size from 5 to 35 pounds; most fish weighed be- tween 5 and 12 pounds. The schools varied in size from 5 to 200 tons. In the samearea one mixed school of yellowfin and skipjack tuna was sampled. The fish were located at 12°56' N. 62°04' W. and ranged in size from 30 to 160 pounds. A conservative estimate of the size of the school was 500 tons. Biological data collected from each speci- men included length, weight, sex, and stomach July 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 Legend: ® - Station Location ~ - Fishing Station - Baiting Area _Commercial Quantities of Tuna Observed Area of operations of R/V Undaunted Cruise 2 (February 7-April 9, 1966). contents. In addition, samples of muscle, gonad, and eye lens tissue were collected from one school of skipjack tuna for electro- phoretic analysis of proteins. Small specimens (50 millimeters or 2.0 inches, total length) of the serranid Paranthi- as furcifer were collected in the area of the yellowfin tuna school and one of the schools of skipjack tuna. This forage species was prominent in the stomach contents and, in the latter instance, was obServed swimming in dense aggregations in the area of collection. The water properties on the eastern andthe western sides of the Lesser Antilles were sig- nificantly different. Turbulent eddies in the upper 300 meters (984 feet) and increased plankton values in the upper mixed layer char- acterized the area west of St. Vincent Island. The greater abundance of fish schools ob- served in this ‘area may be associated with these conditions. The eddies observed in this area are probably the result of currents flow- ing into the Caribbean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean, past St. Vincent Island and other near- by islands. The eddies appear to be carried 52 on into the Caribbean by the net flow. One clockwise eddy, about 30 miles in diameter, was nearly replaced by a counter-clockwise eddy of about the same size in 3 days, indi- eating that conditions in the area change rap- idly. Potential forage organisms were collected by neuston-net tows and night light. Oceano- graphic measurements (temperature, salinity, inorganic phosphate and oxygen) were made to depths of 300 or 500 meters (984 to 1,640 feet) with a salinity-temperature-depth probe and with Niskin water samplers. Mechanical and electronic failures of the salinity-temper- ature-depth probe resulted in its use only during portions of the cruise. Surface and oblique 1-meter (3.3 feet) net tows, primary productivity measurements, and meteorologi- cal observations also were taken. Aerial Fish Spotting: An airplane used during the portion of the cruise from Puerto Rico to Trinidad resulted in an increase in the number of fish schools sighted. The plane, which flew on a search pattern perpendicular to that of the vessel's track, increased the area of search and the efficiency of the en- tire survey operation. In 6 days during which the plane and vessel operated together in the area from St. Vincent's Island south to Gre- nada, 6 schools of tuna were sighted by the vessel and 19 were sighted by the plane. In several instances, the plane was able to di- rect the vessel to a school which otherwise would not have been sighted or sampled. MISSION 2: Investigation of the Biology and Ecology of Bait Fishes: Bait fish were observed in potentially useful quantities only near the Gulf of Cariaco, Venezuela. Spanish sardines (Sardinella sp.) obtained from the Gulf of Cariaco survived well in the bait tanks and acted successfully to attract tuna to the vessel. No bait fish in sufficient quantities were observed in the Bahamas, the Lesser Antilles, nor at Puerto Rico. The R/V Undaunted was scheduled to start Cruise 5 on July 18, 1966. The area of oper- ations for this cruise will be the northeast and east coasts of South America between Trinidad and Rio de Janeiro, and in the vi- cinity of the islands of Ilha Trinidade and Martin Vaz, Atol das Rochas, Fernando Noronha, and Roche dos Sao Paulo. The cruise missions will be: (1) Investi- gation of the biology and ecology of surface COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 tuna and other pelagic predators, together with measurements of the physical and biological environment in the waters between Trinidad and Rio de Janeiro; (2) Investigation of the lo- cation and abundance of fish suitable as live bait for tuna fishing; (3) Investigation of the oceanographic features associated with di- vergence of the South Equatorial Current off the easternmost extension of Brazil; and (4) Collection of ichthyological specimens from previously under-sampled areas of significant zoogeographic importance. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1966 p. 38. Tuna 1966 ALBACORE AND BLUEFIN TUNA CATCH FORECAST FOR UNITED STATES PACIFIC COASTAL AREA: This temperate tuna forecast for 1966 is the sixth in a series of annual predictions for the seasonal albacore and bluefin tuna fisher - ies off the Pacific Coast prepared by the staff of the Tuna Forecasting Program, U. S. De- partment of the Interior, Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries Tuna Resources Laboratory, La Jolla, Calif. Over the past six seasons, the Bureau's Tuna Resources Laboratory has succeeded in predicting the region where the July albacore fishery occurs, largely because of a reason- ably good ''fix'' on ocean environmental condi- kPOINT CONCEPTION JULY 1966 125° 120° Use De 16s Cross-hatched area delineates the area expected to produce about two-thirds of the total July 1966 albacore tuna catch off south- ern California and Baja California (Mexico). July 1966 tions and their changes from late spring to mid-summer. The success in foretelling time of commencement of the fishery has, with the exception of last year (1965) been reasonably good. The predictions of total landings for the albacore and bluefin fisheries have not been noteworthy, according to the laboratory staff. During the past year, analysis of data relat- ing to their previous forecasts has revealed that until they are able to forecast the fluctu- ations in year-class representation in the North Pacific albacore and bluefin popula- tions, and until economic conditions (and con- sequently, fishing effort) can be predicted, they will continue to score poorly. Studies on year-class representation are being initiated to correct this particular deficiency. The 1966 forecast carries three separate estimates of: (1) where, (2) when, and (3) how much tuna may be taken at the beginning of and during the forthcoming season. The lab- oratory staff was limited to making estimates of items (1-3) for the Southern California-Baja California offshore region for albacore, and only item (3) for bluefin. (1) The area that is expected to produce the best albacore fishing in July off Southern California and Baja California is shown (see chart). That area, derived from April 10- meter temperature and salinity data, repre- sents the ''optimum area'' that may produce more than two-thirds of the total July catch. Upwelling appeared to be about average for the time of year, and albacore will probably remain in blue water 20 miles or more off- shore. (2) The open ocean in the region encom- passing the migratory route of albacore ap- peared to be warming only slightly faster than average, indicating that the first fish of the shoreward migration would probably ap- pear in the first week of July. (Waters off Oregon and Washington began to warm ap- preciably from mid-April to mid-May. If this trend were to continue uninterrupted, the Pacific Northwest fishery should get off to a good start late in July.) (3) It was estimated that July landings in southern California would be below average. This year, it was expected that about 8.6 mil- lion pounds of albacore would be taken from the region south of the U. S.-Mexico border, and about 6.0 million pounds of bluefin to the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 north. (Average production for the period 1945-62 has been 14.2 million pounds of alba- core and 7.7 million pounds of bluefin.) The estimate for albacore reflects expected aver- age to below-average representation of the 20- to 30-pound size-class and below average numbers of the 10- to 15-pound size-class. The estimates are based onthe poor showing of 10- to 15-pound fish in California last season (returning as 20-30 pounders this year), as well as the absence of 6- to 8-pound fish (re- turning as 10-15 pounders this year). In ad- dition, early season reports from the Japa- nese spring pole-and-line fishery indicated that the 10- to 15-pound size-class was aver- aging less in weight and fewer in number than usual. This situation, along with other factors, appears to have caused the Japanese fishery interests to reduce their original landings forecast from 45,000 to 30,000 metric tons. Similar conditions were expected to prevail for the California bluefin tuna fishery, be- cause the incoming 10- to 15-pound size-class was not well represented last season and may fail to return in sufficient numbers during 1966. In 1965, the laboratory's forecast for alba- core landings south of the International Border exceeded actual landings by 60 percent, and bluefin landings to the north were overesti- mated by about 62 percent. Probable causes for those overestimates are: (a) year-class representation in both fisheries appeared to be poor in the smail (10-15 pounds) and inter- mediate-sized (20-30 pounds) length groups; (b) high offshore winds and record cold weath- er observed in southern California for late May-early July delayed the onset of both fish- eries by as much as 4-6 weeks. Consequent- ly, when the boats did commence fishing, the late start coupled with poor fish population abundance caused landings to fall far short of previous estimates. In 1965, U. S. West Coast albacore tuna landings would have been among the poorest on record if the Pacific Northwest fishery had not materialized. Oregon-Washington landings proved to be the best since 1948, and totaled slightly over 14.0 million pounds. Consequent- ly, the United States total came to 37.1 million pounds, or 4.8 million pounds short of the 21- year average. The staff of the Bureau's Tuna Forecasting Program states that its understanding of the normal progression of events during the fish- ing season has improved in recent years, and 54 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW that it is now better prepared to monitor en- vironmental changes over short time inter- vals. Significant changes which occurred be- tween issuance of this forecast and com- mencement of the fishery were reported by radio broadcasts for the benefit of the fishing industry starting June 1. In addition, as the summer season progresses, it was planned to update and project ahead the oceanograph- ic information and catch reports so that fish- ermen at sea can make maximum use of the data available. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1965 p. 49. eS? a U. S. Fishing Vessels DOCUMENTATIONS ISSUED AND CANCELLED, JAN.-FEB. 1966: U. S. Fishing Vessels 1/--Documentations Issued and Cancelled, by Areas, Jan.-Feb. 1966 with Comparisons Area Feb. Jan.-Feb. Home Port 1965 |1966/1965]1966 | 196 ( E Ee pa CNUmMbex) Resume) ie Issued first documents: New England....... 1 3 1 3 2 Middle Atlantic ..... 1 1 - 2 1 Chesapeake .....-. 3 4 5 - 8 South Atlantic ...... 5 3 4 b} 9) Gil? socdoageadeo 2 9 12 | 24 34 PaAcifick yee) seis om sa elie 0 6 10 9 20 Great Lakes ......- 1 - - - 1 TEN 5 boo oOo 0 43 | 26 32 | 43 75 Removed from documentation 2/: ale New England....... ar, 1 2 5 5 Middle Atlantic 2 1 5 3 7 Chesapeake........- i 1 6 4 | 13 South Atlantic 3 7 9 8 12 (Chie? 3 oo Bo die o old O80 10 6 4) 10 14 Pacifica) baie eae rer 14 8 2 3 16 Great Lakes ....... 1 2 1 1 2 EKIEDH 6 40.6 Ow 9 oO DO 1 Th ns - 1 AEN 35 Gao bom oo ai | 27 29 | 34 70 1/Includes both commercial and sport fishing craft, A vessel is defined as a craft of 5 Source: Monthly Supplement of Merchant Vessels of the United States, Bureau of Cus- ms, U. S. Treasury Department. net tons and over. 2/Includes vessels reported lost, abandoned, forfeited, sold alien, etc. to: FIRST VESSEL COMPLETED UNDER U. S. FISHING FLEET IMPROVEMENT ACT: Completion of the first vessel constructed with assistance of the United States Fishing Fleet Improvement Act was announced May 19, 1966, by the U. S. Department of the In- terior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. The vessel was to be delivered to its new owners in New Bedford, Mass., and will be used to fish for scallops, groundfish, floun- der, and swordfish. Vol. 28, No. 7 Scheduled to be christened Victor, the 88- foot vessel was built at a Lake Michigan ship- yard and made the trip to New Bedford via Lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario and the St. Lawrence Seaway. The United States Fishing Fleet Improve- ment Act authorizes payment of up to 50 per- cent of the difference in the cost of building a vessel in the United States and in less expen- sive foreign shipyards. To qualify for a dif- ferential payment, a vessel must be of ad- vanced design, capable of fishing in expanded areas, and must meet certain other condi- tions required by the Act. When the Victor is finally accepted by the owners, approximately $153,000, which rep- resents 43 percent of its $355,800 cost, will be paid by the Government and the balance by the owners. ieee U. S. Foreign Trade IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA IN BRINE UNDER QUOTA: United States imports of tuna canned in brine during January 1-April 30, 1966, a- mounted to 24,355,597 pounds (about 1,159,790 standard cases), according to preliminary data compiled by the Bureau of Customs, U. S. Treasury Department. That was considerably more than the 9,599,442 pounds (about 457,116 standard cases) imported during January 1- May 1, 1965. The quantity of tuna canned in brine which can be imported into the United States during the calendar year 1966 at the 123-percent rate of duty is limited to 65,662,200 pounds (or a- bout 3,126,771 standard cases of 48 7-oz. cans). Any imports in excess of that quota will be dutiable at 25 percent ad valorem. se sk ok 3! *K ok be AIRBORNE IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, 1965: Shrimp from Venezuela continued to be the main airborne fishery import into the United States during the last quarter of 1965. In1965, airborne imports of fishery products into the United States totaled 12.1 million pounds with a value of $7.3 million. Airborne fishery im- ports increased 13.8 percent in 1965 as com- pared with 1964 when smaller quantities of July 1966 U.S. 1/Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, Oct.-Dec. 1965 and the Year 1965 with Comparisons Product and Origin 2/ Fish; All countries. ... 9,247.4]4,809.6 | 7, 918.8 1 Costa Rica..... 104.8 b El Salvador. .... 28.1 9s 60.3} 34.4 10,359.4|5,519.3 eele ee eens 0.3 0.3 25.8 9.5 ° 5.2 ereneNenenebene 15.4) 21.9 24,1 31.8 14.4 9.9 British Honduras 98.9] 162.6 270.0} 345.5 368.5) 337.3 Honduras ...... 18.3} 27.9 43.1 44.6 80.3 82.6 Nicaragua...... 9.6 5.1 119.1) 120.1 70.7 69.1 Costa Rica ..... 2.0 2.9 15.9 16,2 62.1 54.7 ica... 2. 24.4) 32.0 78.1 91.4 75.6 83.4 Other countries - . 4.1) 131.3 260.8 251.0) 126.3 104.6 Total shellfish (ex- cept shrimp) 283.0] 384.0 WGeareane wah 006.1] 921.2 |12,057.9|7,250.7 |10,592.0/5,694.6 1/Imports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries are considered to be United States imports and are included. But United States trade with Puerto Rico and with United States possessions and trade between United States possessions are not included. 2/When the country of origin is not known, the country of shipment is shown. 3/Gross weight of shipments, including the weight of containers, wrappings, crates, and moisture content. 4/F.o.b. point of shipment. Does not include U. S. import duties, air freight, or insurance. lote: These data are included in the overall import figures for total imports, i.e., these im- ports are not to be added to other import data published. Source: United States Exports & Imports by Air, FT785, January through December 1965, U. S. Bu- reau of the Census. shrimp were shipped by air from Vene- zuela. The data as issued do not show the state of all products--fresh, frozen, or canned-- but it is believed that the bulk of the airborne imports consists of fresh and frozen prod- ucts. = a : = a 7 Des Wholesale Prices. EDIBLE FISH AND SHELLFISH, MAY 1966: Wholesale prices for edible fishery prod- ucts (fresh, frozen, and canned) were up slightly in May 1966. At 126.9 percent of the 1957-59 average, the index rose 0.3 percent from April to May. As compared with May 1965, the overall index this May was up 16.2 percent. May 1966 prices were considerably higher for all items--sharply higher for some--than in the same month a year ear- lier. The exception was in prices for can- ned Maine sardines which were at the same level as May 1965. The subgroup index for drawn, dressed, or whole finfish rose 2.8 percent from April to May. The index rise was due largely to higher prices at Boston for ex-vessel large COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 haddock (up 10.3 percent) because of lighter supplies, and higher prices at Chicago for Lake Superior fresh whitefish (up 33.3 per- cent). May 1966 prices for western king salm- on (up 0.3 percent) were slightly higher than in the previous month but remained unchanged for western halibut. Supplies of those species in May were still mostly frozen and market receipts of the fresh product from the early seasonal fishery were not much more than a trickle. Compared with May 1965, pricesthis May were higher by 13.0 percent. Prices were higher than in the same month a year earlier for all items in the subgroup, with substantial increases for large haddock (up 37.2 percent), whitefish (up 20.6 percent). halibut (up 17.3 percent), and yellow pike (up 15.4 percent). Shows shellfish section of New York City's wholesale Fulton Fish Market. Lower prices in May 1966 for fresh small haddock fillets at Boston (down 6.3 percent), and shucked standard oysters (down 1.5 per- cent) were offset by higher prices for fresh South Atlantic shrimp at New York City (up 9.1 percent). As a result, the subgroup price index for processed fresh fish and shellfish rose 3.6 percent from April to May. As com- pared with May 1965, the subgroup index this May was 13.4 percent higher because of sub- stantially higher prices for all items in the subgroup. May 1966 fresh shrimp prices were up 14.3 percent from the same month a year earlier, small haddock fillets (up 13.6 percent, and shucked standard oysters (up 12.2 percent). The May 1966 subgroup index for process- ed frozen fish and shellfish rose only slightly from the previous month (up 0.7 percent). Prices were higher than in April at Boston for ocean perch fillets (up 1.6 percent) and for fro- zen shrimp (up 0.9 percent) at Chicago. May prices remained unchanged for frozen floun- 56 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes for Edible Fish and Shellfish, May 1966 with Comparisons Group, Subgroup, and Item Specification ALL HSH & SHELLFISH aban aie Frozen, & Canned) Point of Avg. paces 1/ Pricing Indexes (1957-59=100) Apr. Mar.| Ma toed 1966 1966 | 1965 126.5 | 126.7 | 109.2 rae aaa ee May Apr. 1966 | 1966 sue king, ige. & med., drsd., fresh or froz. New York Whitefish, L. Superior, drawn, fresh. .. .- + +|Chicago Yellow pike, L. Michigan & Huron, rnd., fresh |New York Processed, Fresh Fillets, haddo & Shellfish): ...... : %, sml., Skins on, 20-1b. tins Shrimp, lge. (26%30 count), headless, fresh Oysters, shucked, standards . . Processed, Frozen (Fish & vo 55 ” Fillets: Flounder, nee. 1-ib, pk KBs Haddock, smi., skins on, 1= pkg. Ocean perch, lge., skins on 1-1b. pkg. Shrimp, lge. (2630 count), brown, 5-1b. pkg. Canned Fishery Products; .....- Oo ~ Salmon, pink, No. J tall (16 oz.), 48 cans/es, Tuna, lt. meat, chunk, No. 1/2 tuna (Cue OZe)» 48 cans/cs. Mackerel, jack, Calif., Not tall as OZ), 48 cans/cs. Av fa oad Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, 1/4 drawn 3-3/4 02.), 1 Represent average prices for one day prices are published as indicators of movement and not necessarily absolute level. 00 cans/cs. . . . 2 + +» » «New York z z | te48 | 1901| ie4 | a9 | Tb. 94,8 30.2 aa 1110 noe 6 128, A 123.0 123.0 at 0 8.13 134.9 | 187.0} 148.3 } 120.2 | 123,8 | 123,0| 129,8 | 1094 _| 129.3 | 120.9 e week in which the 15th of the month occurs. These Daily Market News Service "Fish- ery Products Reports" should be referred to for actual prices. Source: der and haddock fillets. As compared with May 1965, the subgroup index this May was up 13.2 percent. Prices were higher for all items, with the more substantial increases indicated for frozen shrimp (up 18.9 percent) and flounder fillets (up 10.3 percent). The wholesale price index for canned fish- ery products dropped 3.1 percent from April to May as a direct result of lower prices for canned tuna (down 7.8 percent). Prices for canned California jack mackerel during May U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1966 were up 4.9 percent from the previous month but were unchanged for canned pink salmon and Maine sardines. As compared withthe same month a year earlier, the index this May was 21.9 percent higher. Prices were Sharply higher than in May 1965 for canned pink salmon (up 35.7 percent) because of the very light 1966 pack; prices for canned tuna were up 18.4 percent and jack mackerel up 12.2 percent. Prices for canned Maine sardines were unchanged. (U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries, Market News Service.) July 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 International EUROPE GROUNDFISH SHORTAGES CAUSING PROBLEMS FOR SOME PROCESSORS: Excess processing capacity developed in the Danish and Norwegian fishing industries even though landings were maintained at a good level in 1965. Processing facilities have expanded with the growing demand for groundfish fillets and other fishery products. Now local fishermen, mainly dependent on coastal fishing grounds, are not always able to deliver enough supplies to fully utilize processing capacity. As a result, Danish and Norwegian processors have pressed for lib- eralization of fresh fish imports and direct foreign landings for processing. This might be a short-term solution. But the Scandina- vians face competition from processors in other countries. For example, the United Kingdom receives substantial foreign land- ings, and depends on them to supplement do- mestic landings. The downward trend in the catch-per- unit-of-effort in the main Northeast Atlantic fishing areas will add to the difficulties of countries dependent on coastal and medium- range fisheries. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE CONSERVATION OF ATLANTIC TUNAS CONFERENCE OF PLENIPOTENTIARIES DRAFTS CONVENTION: An International Convention for the Con- servation of Atlantic Tunas was agreed on by 17 nations in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on May 15, 1966. The Convention was drafted ata two-week Conference of Plenipotentiaries sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Or- ganization of the United Nations (FAO). Del- egations attended from Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Democratic Republic of Congo, France, Japan, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Republic of South Africa, Senegal, Spain, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Venezuela, and the United States. Observers were present from the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and Poland. 1 ES The Chairman's table during a session of the Main Committee of the Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Conservation of At- lantic Tunas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, May 2-14, 1966. Left to right: J. E. Carroz and A. Roche, FAO Legal Advisers; J. Z. McHugh, Chairman; Horatio Rosa, Jr., Executive Secretary of the Conference; A Miyares del Valle, FAO Technical Assistant. The United States Delegation was headed by Dr. J. L. McHugh, Assistant Director for Biological Research, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Department of the Interior. The other Department of Interior members were William M. Terry, Assistant Director for International Relations, Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries; and Albert H. Swartz, Assis- tant Chief, Division of Fishery Biology, Bu- reau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. De- partment of State members were Burdick H. Brittin, Deputy Special Assistant for Fisher- ies and Wildlife to the Under Secretary for Economic Affairs; William L. Sullivan, Jr., Foreign Affairs Officer; Raymund T. Ying- ling, Assistant Legal Adviser; and Richard S. Croker, United States Fisheries Attache, Mexico City. Commercial and sport fishing interests were represented by Dr. W. M. Chapman, Van Camp Sea Food Company; Charles M. Carry, Tuna Research Foundation; John J. Supple, Bumble Bee Packing Company; and Richard H. Stroud, Executive Vice Pres- ident, Sport Fishing Institute. Development of a draft Convention began in Rome, Italy, in October 1963 when FAO convened a Working Party for Rational Utili- zation of Tunas in the Atlantic. The Working 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): Party completed its assignment at a second meeting in Rome in July 1965. The Confer- ence of Plenipotentiaries reviewed the draft prepared by the Working Party and altered the language where necessary to resolve dif- ferences of opinion. The Convention was signed by Brazil, Spain, and the United States on May 15, 1966. The treaty will enter into force when it has been signed and ratified by seven nations. Its purpose is to plan and coordinate scien- tific research with the object of maintaining the maximum sustainable yield of tunas and tuna-like fishes in the entire Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. All species of fish caught by tuna fishing vessels, whether for food or for other purposes, are covered by the Con- vention. When the Convention enters into force, a Commission will be established. Hach Con- tracting Party will be represented by not more than three Delegates. The Commission will establish Panels on the basis of species, groups of species, or of geographic areas. The budget of the Commission will be con- tributed by member nations in the form of a levy of US$1,000 for Commission member- ship and US$1,000 for each Panel of which the nation is a member. If the budget ex- ceeds this amount, the additional contribu- tions will be calculated in proportion to the amount of contributions for Commission and Panel membership, the round weight of tuna caught in the Atlantic by the vessels of each nation, and the net weight of Atlantic tuna canned by each nation. The Commission will employ an Executive Secretary and staff. Scientific studies and collection of the necessary statistics will be the responsibility of member nations, but the Commission will review and coordinate plan- ning and may conduct studies of its own. Mechanisms were established for joint action in enforcing regulations designed to main- tain the resources at levels consistent with maximum sustainable yields. Meetings of the Commission will be held every 2 years. To guide its work in the in- terim a Council will be established, made up of the Chairman and 2 Vice-Chairmen of the Commission, plus not less than 4 nor more than 8 members. If Commission member- ship exceeds 40 nations, 2 more members Vol. 28, No. 7 may be added to the Council. (Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, June 1, 1966.) Note: Copies of the Final Act of the Convention, as well as the Convention itself, are available from: Branch of Foreign Fish- eries, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S, Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. 20240. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES PROTOCOL CONCERNING HARP AND HOOD SEALS ENTERS INTO FORCE: The Protocol (done at Washington, July 15, 1963) intended to bring harp and hood seals under the International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF) en- tered into force April 29, 1966, with the of- ficial ratification of Italy. Other member countries of ICNAF had ratified previously. Of the thirteen member countries of ICNAF, only four--Canada, Norway, Denmark, and the U.S.S.R.--have been active regularly or at intervals in the seal fishery of the north- west Atlantic in recent years. Canada's con- cern over the conservation of the resource was reflected in that country's proposal, in- formally accepted by the other countries some years ago, to observe opening and clos- ing dates for the seal fishery. Additional measures to conserve the seal populations were to.be discussed at the an- nual meeting of the International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries which opened in Madrid, June 6, 1966. Considera- tion was tobe given to the needs for an interna - tionally coordinated program of essential re- search and other matters designed to protect and develop the sealstocks. (Canadian Depart- ment of Fisheries, Ottawa, May 3, 1966.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1965 p. 52. NORWEGIAN-U.S.S.R. SEALING COMMISSION SEAL CONSERVATION IN WHITE SEA: The Norwegian-U.S.S.R. Sealing Commis - sion is taking steps toprotect the seals inthe White Sea in order to stop the serious de- cline in theirnumber. Only vessels of under 100tons are allowedto sealinthe White Sea, and they are permitted only one tripa season. (U.S. Embassy, Stockholm, May 3, 1966.) INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION PROPOSED REGULATION OF LAND STATION WHALING IN SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE: On May 16, 1966, the International Whaling Commission notified member countries of a July 1966 International (Contd.): meeting June 20, 1966, in London of a Special Group to consider the regulation of the catch of whales from land stations situated south of 40° S. latitude andinother parts of the south- ern hemisphere. Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, the South Africa Republic, and the United Kindgom had indicated their wish to participate in the Special Group meeting. Norway and Japan hadasked tobe represented as observers. The meeting of the Special Group on land stations arose out of a resolution adopted at the Seventeenth Meeting of the International Whaling Commission. In addition to con- sidering the regulation of the catch of baleen whales by land stations, the Special Group has been called upon to study the question of a scheme for international inspection at land stations comparable to the International Ob- server Scheme on vessels. The resolution proposed that the total catch limit of Antarctic pelagic whaling for the 1966/67 seasonandafter should take into con- sideration the catch of Antarctic whales from land stations inthe Southern Hemisphere. For the 1965/66 season, voluntary catch restrictions at land stations were proposed. In accordance with the Commission's request, the United Kingdom stated that for the 1965/66 season, the catch of baleen whales at land stations in South Georgia would not exceed that in the 1964/65 Antarctic season. In ad- dition, the South Africa Republic notified the Commission that the catch of baleen whales from their land stations in 1966 would be re- stricted to the average of the catches for the three years 1963, 1964, and 1965. Ok KOK OK MEETING OF NORTH PACIFIC COMMISSIONERS: On May 11, 1966, the International Whaling Commission announced the draft agenda for the meeting of the North Pacific Commis - sioners in London, June 23-26, 1966. The draft agenda included: report of scientists on condition of North Pacific baleen whale stocks; consideration of whaling regulations for (a) fin whales, (b) sei whales, and (c) other baleen whales; report of scientists on condition of sperm whale resources; con- sideration of regulation for sperm whaling; and recommendations to the Commission. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 INTERNATIONAL NORTHWEST PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION VIEWS OF JAPANESE DELEGATES: The 10th session of the International North: west Pacific Fisheries Commission (Japan- U.S.S.R.) was completed in Moscow in mid- April 1966. On their return to Japan, chief delegates Fujita (Vice President of the Great- er Japan Fisheries Association) andKamenaga (Chief, Production Division of the Fisheries Agency) held a press conference and made the following points: 1. On the question of revising the Japan- Soviet fisheries treaty, the Soviets are dis- satisfied with the fact that the salmon catch quotas, which were equal between Japan and the Soviet Union at the time the treaty was concluded, have become smaller for the So- viets. However, the present treaty does not decide on the distribution ratio of fish catch, and it was not clear if the Soviets desire to revise the treaty, or if the Soviets think that there is a problem in the management of the present treaty. 2. The Japanese proposed a "two-year arrangement’ on fish catch quotas, but failed to obtain a definite promise. Soviet Chief Delegate Moiseyev stated the view that the general salmon catch quotas of Japan and the Soviet Union for next year (1967) will be the same as for last year (1965), but he was strongly opposed to decide on the distribution between Japan and the Soviet Union. The So- viets have not so far expressed their view on the catch quotas of the two countries. How- ever, it is going too far to assume that the Japanese salmon catch quota has been se- cured at the same level as last year (115,000 metric tons). 3. There will be comparatively fewer questions about next year's negotiations on salmon as it will be an abundant year. How- ever, the situation will be difficult on king crabs. (Asahi, April 21, 1966.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1966 p. 48. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION EUROPEAN INLAND FISHERIES ADVISORY COMMISSION MEETING, MAY 9-14, 1966: Talks on electrical fishing and trout and salmon culture highlighted a session of the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Com- mission of the Food and Agriculture Organi- zation which met in Belgrade, May 9-14, 1966. Fisheries experts from 16 countries were invited to the meeting. 60 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): A major theme of the symposium on elec- trical fishing was the use of electricity in (1) studying the density of fish populations, and (2) for control and management of inland fish stocks. Eleven papers were presented. Proper feeding methods was the principal theme of the symposium on inland trout and salmon culture with 13 papers presented, in- cluding contributions from Japanese, Ameri- can, and European fish culturists. During the session a working party met to study the effect of water temperature on aquatic life. (Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.) KOK OK OK Ok SOUTHWEST ATLANTIC REGIONAL FISHING CONFERENCE: The third meeting of the Regional Advisory Commission on Fishing for the Southwest At- lantic (CARPAS) was held in Montevideo, Uruguay, April 25-29, 1966. The Member Countries of this FAO regional fisheries body are Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. A principal accomplishment of the meeting was the approval of a system to create uni- form statistical reporting. This system de- lineates the geographical and oceanographical area for the statistical purposes of CARPAS and establishes a uniform classification of fish species by common name. The ocean area to be covered by CARPAS extends from the Straits of Magellan north to the Caribbean shores of Brazil and eastward to the mid-South Atlantic. A recommendation was also made that Bolivia and Paraguay be invited to join the CARPAS organization. An intangible result of the meeting was that the participating countries had an op- portunity to exchange views and discuss com- mon and particular problems. Members of the FAO delegation hope that the meeting will stimulate the members to work harder to de- velop their fishing industry and resources. Dr. Victor H. Bertullo (Uruguay), the new President of CARPAS, will preside at the next meeting to be held in Rio de Janeiro. (U. S. Embassy, Montevideo, May 5, 1966.) Vol. 28, No. 7 SALMON UNITED STATES-CANADIAN PACIFIC SALMON PROBLEMS: United States and Canadian fishery offi- cials and industry representatives met in Seattle May 17-20, 1966, to give further con- sideration to salmon fishing problems of common concern in the Pacific Northwest, British Columbia, and Southeastern Alaska. The discussions in Seattle followed two previous rounds of negotiations--one held in Ottawa in April 1966 and a prior one held in Washington, D. C., in October 1965. The earlier discussions also centered around Pa- cific Coast salmon problems of mutual con- cern. The intermingling of salmon en route to their home streams through territorial wa- ters of both countries has led to a disagree- ment. The Canadian position is that to the extent possible the net-fishing limits of each country should be used as a tool to minimize the harvest by one country of salmon bound for the rivers of the other country. The po- sition of the United States is that the two countries must not only consider the origin of the salmon caught by fishermen of the respective countries but that they must re- spect the historic fisheries of the two coun- tries in seeking an equitable solution to the problem. The Canadians suggested that the solution to the problem lay in drawing inward the sea- ward limits of net fishing off the coast of Alaska and in waters of northern British Columbia. It was their view that this would minimize the capture by fishermen of either country of salmon bound for streams of the other country. The Canadians presented the United States with modified lines designedto accomplish this objective. The United States maintained that their important historic fish- ery off the west coast of Southeastern Alaska would be eliminated by the adjustment of net- fishing lines as suggested by Canada. The United States for its part presented net-fish- ing lines which would draw inward the sea- ward limits of fishing in Southeastern Alaska, but would preserve historic fisheries found in that area. Canada was unable to accept these lines because they permitted continued interception of Canadian-bound salmon. Because of these differences, the con- ference was unable to reach agreement on July 1966 International (Contd.): adjustment of the salmon net-fishing lines in the northern area. This led to an understand- ing that the countries would no longer be bound by the net-fishing line agreements reachedin 1957. At the close of the conference the Canadian Delegation reserved the right for Canada to extend its fisheries seaward where appropri- ate in order to seek an equitable solution of the major problem of interception by fisher- men of one country of salmon bound for the other which could not be resolved by attempts to reach agreement on the inward adjustment of salmon net-fishing limits. Canada gave the assurance that unrestricted high-seas fishing by Canadian fishermen would not be permitted and that due notice of changes in pertinent fishery regulations would be given to the U- nited States. The United States Delegation stated thatin view of the Canadian reservation, the United States reserved its right to redefine its sea- ward salmon net-fishing lines as considered appropriate. It also indicated that due notice would be given to the Canadian authorities of any proposed changes. The conference did agree that a research program designed to provide more informa- tion on the movement and intermingling of the stocks originating in southeastern Alaska and northern British Columbia should be initiated as soon as possible. From such research it is hoped that solutions to the unresolved prob- lems can be found which are equitable and mutually advantageous to-both countries. A coordinating committee (composed of 2 U. S. and 2 Canadian fishery officials) was named to initiate the necessary exchange of infor- mation and prepare proposals for cooperative research for the consideration of the two governments before October 1, 1966. The conference was discussed by the Ca- nadian Fisheries Minister before a Canadian House of Commons Committee on May 26, 1966. The Canadian Minister said: (1) while Canada has reserved the right to extend sea- ward the limits of net salmon fishing, no ac- tion would be taken before the 1966 season; (2) Canada would study the effect of the 1956 limitations imposed on Canadian fisheries; and (3) Government and chartered vessels to do research and tagging of salmon would be sent out immediately. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1966 p. 50. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES PROPOSED FISHING LIMITS AGREEMENT FOR THE SKAGERRAK AND KATTEGAT SEA: Delegations from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden met in Copenhagen on February 15- 16, 1966, to discuss a proposed Scandinavian agreement on mutual access to the fisheries in the Skagerrak and the Kattegat Sea after the eventual extension of the fishing limits of the three countries. This was a continua- tion of Scandinavian discussions on the sub- ject in Stockholm in May 1965. Since then, fishing industry organizations of those coun- tries have held meetings to discuss the prob- lem. The Government delegates at the Febru- ary 15-16 meeting agreed to recommend to their governments that fishing vessels from the 3 countries should continue to be allowed to fish up to a distance of 4 nautical miles from the coasts of the other countries in an area bounded by a line between Hanstholm, Denmark, and Lindesnes, Norway, and be- tween Skagen, Denmark, and Tistlarna reef, Sweden. At the same time, it was agreed between Denmark and Norway that traditional Nor- wegian fishing rights south of the line be- tween Skagen and Tistlarna should be con- tinued. Between Denmark and Sweden, itwas agreed that a Scandinavian agreement should not affect the Danish-Swedish Convention of 1932 on fisheries conditions in the Kattegat. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, U.S. Embassy, Copenhagen, February 24, 1966.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Jan. 1966 p. 65, Dec. 1965, p. 48. SOUTH AMERICA DISTRIBUTION OF BOTTOMFISH OFF CHILE, PERU, AND ECUADOR: A fishery scientist of the Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries returned from a trip in March 1966 to Chile, Peru, and Ecuador and reported the following on the behavior and distribution of bottom-dwelling species: (1) From Coquimbo, Chile, north to south- ern or central Peru, bottom waters at depths between 50 (164 feet) and 300 or 400 meters (984-1,312 feet) reportedly are deficient in oxygen and, consequently, demersal species are scarce in that zone. A similar situation occurs off northern Peru at depths between 30 (98 feet) and 100 meters (328 feet). The 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): substrate within that zone consisted of mud which is high in H2S, which tends to plug trawl nets. (2) Large schools of hake occur off both Chile and Peru with apparently identical be- havior patterns to those occurring off Wash- ington and Oregon. The hake rise into the surface layers at night and reform into com- pact schools near the ocean floor in the morn- ing. “~ ‘Fishing for hake, cre raiso. y w of Chilean trawler lower a net off Valpa - (3) Large bottom trawl catches of hake are taken off Chile and Peru. To date, midwater trawling for hake has not been attempted with efficient gear. If this were done, however, catches would be extremely large--probably much larger than are now being taken with bottom trawls. Australia WESTERN AUSTRALIA FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ANNOUNCED: - A major British company with internation- al interests in fisheries, shipbuilding, and other industries announced fin March 1966) plans to conduct a $1 million fisheries re- search and development project in Western Vol. 28, No. 7 Australia. The company has purchased a factoryship as part of the plan. The 272-ton ship was formerly used by the C.S.I.R.O. and the Queensland Govern- ment in testing the shrimp potential of fish- ing grounds in the Gulf of Carpentaria. The vessel is in Exmouth Gulf, Western Austra- lia, where the first fishing experiments will begin. She will be mothership to a fleet of shrimp trawlers until a shore station and processing plant is built. She will then move to other grounds farther north where the process will be repeated. In addition to processing shrimp for ex- port, the ship will be used as a service depot for the company's fleet. While the fishing operation is in progress, local fishermen will be trained in new techniques of fishing and the fleet will be used in research. Establishment of a tuna fishery in West- ern Australia is also in the company's plans. The British firm moved into Western Aus- tralia in 1960 when it purchased a firm in Fremantle. In Sydney last year a director confirmed reports that the parent company was planning to work with Japanese interests to develop a tuna fishery in the west. In March 1966, a company spokesman announced that the plans to work with the Japanese had been canceled and that the company would go into tuna fishing on its own. Fishing was to take place in waters north of Carnarvon and processing carried out at a port on the northwest coast. The venture, he said, could compete successfully with Japanese tuna-fishing groups already oper- ating off Western Australia. Those groups caught about 4,500 metric tons of Western Australian tuna in 1964. (Fish Trades Re- view, March 1966.) Barbados BARBADOS FISHING ACTIVITY, 1965: An American-owned enterprise had a reasonably successful year in 1965 in Bar- bados. It exported over 2 million pounds of frozen shrimp to foreign markets (principally July 1966 Barbados (Contd,): to the United States). This firm can finally look forward to expanding its operation. Fig. 1 - Unloading dock, office, repair shop, and parts storeroom of U.S.-owned firm in Bridgetown, Barbados. Two shrimp trawlers at the dock. Soon the Barbados Marketing Corporation (BMC), a Government statutory board, is to enlarge existing freezing and cold-storage facilities at a cost of EC130,000 (US$76,500). The Government's reluctance to expand these facilities, lest the American firm move on to a more lucrative base of operation, appar- ently has been overcome by the willingness of the U. S. company to sign an agreement to provide for processing a specific number of pounds of shrimp a year for a specific num- ber of years. The shrimp trawler fleet work- ing out of Barbados now numbers 32 vessels and should increase. Fig. 2 - Close-up view of shrimp trawlers at the dock in Bridge~ town. Although the catch of fish in 1965 exceeded that of 1964 and the number of operational fishing vessels increased over the same per- iod, the Island, to meet local demand, still had to import EC$1.2 million (US$706,000) worth of processed and salted fish. That amount was in excess of the value of the local catch. With the approval of Government, lo- cal retail prices were allowed to rise to ex- isting black market levels. Since catches COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 are generally confined to limited periods, the firm, with a shortage of storage facilities, was unable to absorb the glut and create a more even distribution pattern. Experiments are now being made in exporting flyingfish when the catch is heavy. Fig. 3 -Flyingfish gill-netters in foreground docked at Bridge- town. Relief may soon be in the offing since the EC$5.0 million (US$2.9 million) four-year U. N. Special Fund Fisheries Project for the Caribbean finally got off the ground. The gen- eral aims of the project are to promote fish- ing industries in the area by (a) demonstra - tional and exploratory activities, (b) training of fisheries officers, and (c) marketing dem- onstrations. However, in the final analysis, to expand this important economic activity considerable capital will have to be provided for modernization of equipment and methods. (U. S. Consulate General, Barbados, April 27, 1966.) tie Bermuda U.S.S.R. STUDIES POSSIBLE FISHING BASE ON BERMUDA ISLANDS: The Crown Lands Corporation of Bermuda received an inquiry from a Canadian firm which was investigating the possibilities of Soviet trawlers using the free port area on Ireland Island, Bermuda, as a storage and transshipment base for fish. According to the chairman of the Corporation, information about the availability of land in the free port area had been passed on to the Canadianfirm. (U. S. Consul, Hamilton, May 2, 1966.) 64 Canada ATLANTIC HERRING FISHERY CONFERENCE HELD IN FREDERICTON, NEW BRUNSWICK: The potential of the herring resource and its importance to the future of Canada's At- lantic fisheries was the theme of the Canadian Atlantic Herring Fishery Conference, held in Fredericton, N. B., May 5-7, 1966. The Con- ference was sponsored by the Canadian Fed- eral-Provincial Atlantic Fisheries Commit- tee. About 25 papers covering every phase of the herring fishery were submitted for dis - cussion at the meeting. Representatives of the fishing industry, as well as technologists, biologists, and marketing specialists attended. Led by the Federal Deputy Minister of Fisheries, Government officials emphasized that Canada was not exploiting its Atlantic herring fishery to full advantage. An expan- sion in the East Coast herring catch from 400 million pounds in 1965 to between 1 and 2 bil- lion pounds by 1975 was projected by a Cana- dian economist. He forecast generally favor- able demand for herring products for the next 5 years. Various aspects of catching, processing, and marketing an expanded herring catchwere discussed by other Government and industry representatives. Obviously much of the ex- panded catch would go for industrial uses. A note of caution was injected by several scien- tists as well as by canning interests. They agreed that the resource was underexploited, but said more research was needed in order to predict effects of expanded exploitation and to develop appropriate management prac- tices. (Canadian Department of Fisheries, Ottawa.) KOK KOK PROPOSED INCREASE TO 50 PERCENT IN FEDERAL SUBSIDY FOR ATLANTIC INSHORE VESSELS: An increase in the Canadian Federal sub- sidy for Atlantic inshore fishing vessels to 50 percent was to be considered at a meeting in Montreal, April 27, 1966, of Federal and Provincial fishery officials. The Federal Fisheries Minister said there is a need to accelerate the construction of larger inshore vessels (35- to 55-foot class) in order to modernize the fishery. Only large steel trawlers 85 feet and over have been eligible for a 50-percent Canadian COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 subsidy. The allowable subsidy for other Canadian fishing vessels ranges from 25 to 40 percent. Loan facilities for fishermen were also to be reviewed at the Montreal meeting. In the field of credit, the major source of financing for Canadian fishermen has been Provincial loan agencies, the Federal Fish- eries Minister said. In order to facilitate lending by such agencies, the Canadian Fed- eral government is prepared to recommend such agencies as lenders under the Fisheries Improvement Loans Act. This action would provide a guarantee to Provincial lending agencies Similar to that now provided to banks and credit unions making loans to fishermen, (Canadian Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, April 19, 1966, and other sources.) 3K OK ok ok REGIONAL DIRECTOR OF FISHERIES IN THE MARITIMES AREA APPOINTED: R. E.S. Homans of Halifax, N.S., has been appointed Regional Director of Fisheries in the Maritimes Area for the Department of Fisheries of Canada, it was announced April 18, 1966. He was the successful candidate in a Civil Service Commission promotional com- petition. As Area Director of Fisheries, Homans (with headquarters in Halifax) is the senior officer of the Federal Department of Fisher- ies in the Provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. (Ca- nadian Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, A- pril 18, 1966.) oot ed Ed bed Ses SCALLOP FISHERY DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH LOBSTER SEASON IN NORTHUMBERLAND STRAIT: ~ No immediate change is plannedinthe reg- ulations governing the scallop fishery in Northumberland Strait between Pictou County, Nova Scotia, and Kings County, Prince Ed- ward Island, the Canadian Fisheries Minister announced April 21, 1966. The region re- ferred to in the announcement is within Cana- dian Lobster Fishing District 7B. Lobster fishermen in the district had voiced concern that scallop fishing would in- terfere with the lobster fishery in the May and June season. They also feared damage July 1966 Canada (Contd.): to lobsters on the grounds through the use of powerful draggers with heavy rakes or drags. The Fisheries Minister said the decision to continue under previous regulations in the area was made only after careful and thorough investigations of the situation in District 7B. When the original complaints were received, Departmental officers began observations which included trips aboard scallop draggers to see the effect of the operationupon lobsters. There was no evidence to indicate that lob- sters were being taken in scallop drags. The Fisheries Minister also pointed out that no scallop draggers have actually fished the area during the lobster-fishing season. The Canadian Department of Fisheries will continue to keep the scallop and lobster fish- eries of District 7B under close observation so that any adverse changes in the established pattern may quickly be spotted. (Canadian De- partment of Fisheries, Ottawa, April 21, 1966.) eK ok OK Ok MARINE OIL AND MEAL PRODUCTION, USE, AND FOREIGN TRADE, 1964-1965: Marine Oil: Canada's marine oil produc- tion of 58.8 million pounds in 1965 was about the same as in the previous year. A drop in herring oil output on the West Coast was a- bout offset by higher production of herring oil on the East Coast. able 1 - Canadian Production of Marine Oil and Meal, 1964-1965 - « (1,000 Pounds) . AeantiG Ce Coast: Groundfish: | body oil. ... liveroil.... British Columbia: _ Herring le etlelenelete le telersnoue Grand Total marine oil production 41,774.3 44,544.5 58, 813.4 | 58, 407.9} Note: Marine-oil production data converted to pounds by use of factor 9.25 pounds equal 1 imperial gallon. Exports of marine oil in 1965 were down from the high levels of 1964 due to the loss of herring oil markets in the United Kingdom. Shipments to the United States were alsodown. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW | 65 Table 2 « Canadian Foreign Trade in Marine Oil, 1964-1965 Cod- liver oil (all countries) . Herring Oil: United Kingdom... . Australia . United States. stelle Whale Oil: United Kingdom... eee Italy. ee eer ee eee eee Netherlands ....-ceccee ‘Australia).S.| s, 0 e 0 « « 6 2 United States. . «ee eececece o Other Marine Oils: United Kingdom ...- cee West Germany « « eeee+eee Netherlands ... Norwaye «+ 2 2 « Switzerland. ... United States. . HMPORTS: Fish -Liver Oil: United Kingdom . Japan..... St. Pierre... . United States... . United ia Akon ° Iceland. ..eeeee 5 Norway. «ee +eee ° Chiles vetene\re! sive e United States. . . + «oo e Total other fish & marine animal Canadian imports of marine oils increased in 1965 due to larger purchases from Iceland. In 1965, Canadian use of marine oil inmar- garine and shortening production totaled 44.7 million pounds as compared with 43.2 million pounds in 1964. Table 3 - Canadian Foreign Trade in Fish Meal, 1964-1965 1965 1964 » » (1,000 Pounds). . Herring Meal: United Kingdom. «2s eeeeecee Other Fish Meal: United Kingdom, .. 220 Ireland «2 eevrececececee Netherlands... -eeceeee Sweden .e+ececceecee Leeward & Windward Islands. Cuba . cee cceerccvce United States » + «ese IMPORTS: 9, een 143 Fish Meal: Ey 773 Republic of South Africa... United States « « «esesseeercere Total fish meal imports . o » « « 66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Canada (Contd.): The 1965 prices for herring oil ranged from 11.4 Canadian cents a pound f.o.b. To- ronto to 12.9 cents a pound. Table 4 - Canadian Pricesi/ for Herring Oil and Certain Vegetable Oils and Lard, 1965 British Columbia 2/Ceylon coconut oil is no longer quoted regularly as it is both high-priced relative to Malayan coconut oil and not always available. Fish Meal: Canadian production of fish meal was up substantially in 1965 due to in- creased output on the East Coast. In 1965, there was a declineinexports ofherring meal to the United States which was partly offset by larger shipments of other fish meal to the U- nited Kingdom. (Agricultural Attache, United States Embassy, Ottawa, April 21, 1966.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1965 p. 62. KOK OK ok Ok ATLANTIC WHALING STUDIED WITH AID OF JAPANESE VESSEL: The #17 Kyo Maru, a 187-foot steel whale catcher vessel from Japan, arrived in mid- May 1966 in St. John's, Newfoundland, to carry out exploratory work and demonstrate modern whale-catching techniques and meth- ods to the Canadian fishing industry. Scien- tists from the Canadian Federal Fisheries Department are also spending time aboard the vessel to collect and assess biological and oceanographic data. The vessel is work- ing for the Canadian Fisheries Department under a 6-month charter ending November 15, 1966. Any whales caught willbe processed ata plant in Dildo, Newfoundland. (Canadian De- partment of Fisheries, Ottawa, May 16, 1966.) North Atlantic and Arctic whaling has been conducted on a relatively small scale inrecent years. Total catch by all countries in that area in 1963/64 was 1,443 whales, according to the Food and Drug Administration. ex Sa Ay Vol. 28, No. 7 Chile FISH MEAL PRODUCTION REACHES RECORD PROPORTIONS: - In the first quarter of 1966, fish meal pro- duction in Chile totaled 73,474 metric tons, which exceeded the production of 70,579 tons for the entire year in 1965. Anchovy catches in early March 1966 declined somewhat but the fish returned after mid-March and the April catch may equal that of March. Chilean anchovy catches by month in early 1966 were (in metric tons): January--194,199; Febru- ary--153,422; March--75,390. (U.S, Embassy, Santiago, April 29, 1966.) Colombia SHRIMP FISHERY, BUENAVENTURA, 1965: The nascent shrimp industry, centered at Buenaventura on the Pacific coast, continued its growth during 1965 and reports that about 800 metric tons of shrimp were exported dur- ing 1965 with a value of over US$1,400,000. All Colombian shrimp are exported tothe Unit- ed States market. Local operators are ham- PACIFIC oun July 1966 Colombia (Contd.): pered by overage vessels and by difficult transportation connections with the Colombian internal market. However, shrimp operators plan to increase their fleet by nearly 40 per- cent during 1966 by purchasing 9 new United States vessels and another 9 new vessels from Mexican builders. (U. S. Embassy, Bo- gota, May 6, 1966.) Denmark MODIFIED METHOD OF RECOVERING OIL AND SOLIDS FROM FILLETING PLANT RINSE WATER: Danish processors are showing a growing interest in the recovery of oil and protein solids from rinse water used in herring fil- leting. In 1964, a centrifuging recovery proc- ess was installed in Hirtshals, a large her- ring fishing and processing port in Jutland. Similar machinery was ordered by other Dan- ish firms. In the spring of 1966, a modified recovery process was installed in a new filleting plant in Skagen. This process involves recovering the oil and protein from the filleting machine wash water by screening off the larger par- ticles, adding chemicals to initiate precipi- tation, concentrating the precipitated solids containing oil and protein, recovering most of the solids in a decanter type centrifuge, and recovering the remaining solids and the oil in a disc centrifuge. Experimental oper- ation has shown substantial profits with high rates of recovery of oil and protein and, as a byproduct, purified discharge water which does not pollute the harbor. A recovery plant of this type capable of handling 20 filleting ma- chines is estimated to cost under US$100,000 f.o.b. Denmark. Future experiments are planned with similar equipment for precipi- tating stickwater from ship-and-shore fish- reduction plants. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, U. S. Embassy, Copenhagen, A- pril 27, 1966.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1965 p. 58. Kok Kk OK FISHERY TRENDS, JANUARY-MARCH 1966: ummary: Danish processors maintaine good production of fresh and frozen fillets in the first quarter of 1966 in spite of short sup- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 plies of some species. But there was a drop in output of most other fishery products (par- ticularly fish meal and canned and semipre- served herring) due to a general decline in landings. Average ex-vessel prices were at a high level in the first 3 months of 1966. Catch: Landings of fish in local ports by Danish fishing craft during January-March 1966 were 15 percent less than during the same period of 1965 (table 1). Herring land- ings were down 44 percent. Flatfish landings decreased one-third, primarily the result of continued poor catches of plaice. Table 1 - Danish Domestic and Foreign Landings, January-March 1966 an.-Mar, 1966 Quantity Metric Tons Change from an. -Mar. 1965 Percentage By Danish yessels: Flatfisht/. 2... Codec telehe Cod-like2/ , Herring. . . Brisling Mackerel. ... Eels.) « 6,974 28, 813 56,495 43,131 524 288 - 33 + 6 +288 - 44 Pond trout . Other fish3/, Norway lobster... Shrimp, deep-water pal | nn 14 9506 7 43, 143 By Banish a rea By Danish vessels _.. . - 404 + 39 1/Plaice, flounder, dab, common sole, etc. 2/Haddock, coalfish, hake, ling, etc. 3/Mostly industrial fish such as sand eels, Norway pout, etc. Source: Danish Ministry of Fisheries. Partly offsetting the decline were in- creased landings of cod-like fish (mostly small haddock and whiting) which were used mainly for industrial rather than food prod- ucts. Production of pond trout--which is calculated from export data--was 15 percent higher; this may cut into the supply of mar- ketable trout available for sale during the re- mainder of 1966. The substantial landings of fish in Danish ports by foreign vessels declined 5 percent. The comparatively smaller landings in for- eign ports by Danish vessels rose 39 percent. Prices: Average ex-vessel prices were generally higher during the first quarter of 1966 than in the same quarter of 1965 (table 2). Prices for plaice, one of the most im- portant export items, were even more than 68 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Denmark (Contd.): the high prices in the 1965 period. Salmon prices were very firm at about US$1.15 a pound. The supply of salmon decreased as a result of the decline in the Greenland salmon catch. Amorg other important species, prices were higher for herring for food, Norway Lob- ster, and industrial fish. Turbot, common sole, and deep-water shrimp brought lower prices. Table 2 - Danish Average Ex-Vessel Prices for Selected Species, January-March 1966 and 1965 Ree] Ge Male 1965 [ese pee Sees 8.1 7.5 19,9 | 23.4 1.9 1.8 04 7.8 5.9 9 48.3 | 44.7 ol 115.2 {115.8 106.6 10.9 | 10.1 9.5 11.6 725 13.7 72.5 | 68.9 82.3 74.2 - 86.8 47.5 - 47.2 58.8 | 49 46.8 emelieijeie 98.8 }116 68.3 33.0 | 30 43.1 959. ©) 8.0 F re] Mle « n fish A oe Source: Danish Ministry of Fisheries. Processing: Production of all major cate- gories of processed products in January- March 1966 lagged behind the first quarter of 1965. In general, declines in production of processed fish followed the pattern of lower catches. But production of fresh and frozen fish fillets, the most important category, de- creased only 1 percent. Production of her- ring fillets rose 5 percent, thus indicating that a larger percentage of the herring catch went into food use since total domestic and foreign landings were down. ° Production of processed fish products in January-March 1966 included: 28,412 tons of fresh and frozen fillets (consisting of 15,794 tons of herring fillets, 9,453 tons of cod fil- lets, 1,021 tons of cod-like fillets, 1,409 tons of plaice fillets, 724 tons of other flatfish fil- lets, and 11 tons of miscellaneous fillets); 2,998 tons of canned fish; 1,355 tons of semi- preserved fish; 789 tons of smoked fish; 19,565 tons of fish meal; 4,113 tons of fish oil; 1,185 tons of ensilage; 2,109 tons of fish solubles; and 887 tons of miscellaneous prod- ucts. The decline in raw fish supplies spurred discussions concerning the easing of bans on direct landings in Danish ports by foreign Vol. 28, No. 7 vessels as well as surface importation of fresh plaice and other species needed by the processing plants. The Fisheries Ministry and the processing segment favor relaxation . of restrictions, but the fishing segment (in- cluding the two most important associations) is mostly opposed. Supplies from Danish landings increased and auction prices dropped during the first week in May 1966. At that time, two meet- ings of industry representatives and the Fish- eries Ministry resulted in a decision not to further liberalize imports. (Regional Fish- eries Attache for Europe, U..S. Embassy, Copenhagen, May 11, 1966.) Greece PROPOSED FIVE-YEAR FISHERY DEVELOPMENT PLAN: An increase in the annual Greek fisheries catch to 200,000 metric tons by 1970 is in- cluded in a proposed 5-year economic devel- opment plan submitted to the Greek Govern- ment by an economic study group. That would be almost double the 105,000 tons landed in 1964. Most of the increase would come from distant-water fisheries. Following is abreak- down of the projected 1970 landings by type of fishery (with comparable 1964 landings in parentheses): distant-water fisheries 86,000 tons (21,000); middle-water fisheries 70,000 (60,500); coastal fisheries 18,000 (14,000); in- land fisheries 15,000 (9,500); fish farming and culture 11,000 (none in 1964). Most of the projected catch increase would be for do- mestic consumption which is expected to in- crease from 145,000 tons in 1965 to 220,000 tons in 197C. Additional fisheries investment of 2,050 million drachma (US$68 million) is called for in the 5-year plan to achieve the projected catch increase. Eighty percent of the pro- posed increase is marked for distant-water fisheries to provide 57 new long-range ves- sels with a total annual potential production of 65,000 tons of frozen fish. The remainder of the proposed investment would be used to modernize other sectors of the Greek fishing industry. The plan proposes for the Greek Government to provide about 10 percent of the new investment. (Alieia, April 1966.) OK KK OK July 1966 Greece (Contd.): PROCESSED FISHERY PRODUCTS PRODUCTION AND FOREIGN TRADE, 1965: Summary: Greece produces small quanti- ties of canned fish, salted fish, sea sponges, and fish meal. Fish meal production started in 1965 for the first time in Greece with the acquisition of a factoryship from the Soviet Union. Production of processed fishery prod- ucts is still limited, however, and Greek im- ports of fishery products greatly exceed her fishery exports. Processing: CANNING: The Greek fish- canning industry consists of two small fac- tories (one in Thessaloniki and one at Myrina on Lemnos Island), which can sardines, mackerel, and octopus. Both also can veg- etables. Two small factories (one at Chrys- soupolis in Macedonia and one at Orei on Euboea Island) discontinued fish canning in 1965. Greek canned fish production in 1964- 1965 is estimated as follows: Greek production of canned fish has been decreasing because of foreign competition. The plans of the Hellenic Industrial Develop- ment Bank (ETVA) to establish a pilot fish- canning factory at Cavala have not yet ma- terialized. SALTING: This is done in many small, unmechanized establishments in coastal lo- calities all over Greece, chiefly in Cavala, Thessaloniki, Volos, and on the islands of Euboea and Mitylene. The Greek Ministry of Industry, which has responsibility over fish- ing, has estimated salted fish production in 1965 at 4,500-5,000 tons, the same as in1964. SPONGES: These are Greece's most im- portant processed fishery product, and the principal processed fishery export. Accord- ing to the Ministry of Industry, Greek sponge production amounted to 69 tons in 1965, as compared with 98 tons in 1964. Decreased production was chiefly due to the difficulty in enrolling crews. Sponge fishing in 1965 was carried out in Greek, Libyan, Tunisian, and Cypriot waters. FISH MEAL: Production of fish meal in Greece started for the first time in late 1965, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 when the 3,170-ton factory trawler Rea (for- merly the Krylov) was purchased from the Soviets by Greek interests. About 100 tons of fish meal were produced in 1965. Another five large fishing vessels have been ordered from the U.S.S.R. by Greek interests. The first of these vessels, the 3,800-ton Thetis, was delivered in January 1966, and a second is expected to be delivered during 1966. An- nual production capacity of these 3 vessels is placed at 1,000 tons of fish meal and some fish oil. (It is believed the vessels will also freeze fish.) There are no shore-based fish meal factories in Greece. General Information: MARKETING AND RESEARCH: Work on the fish markets in Piraeus, Thessaloniki, Patras, Chalkis, and Cavala is nearing completion, and all five fish markets are expected to go into opera- tion in 1966. Work on the fish market at Volos has been delayed, and is now expected to be completed in 1967. Greek Law No. 4482, dated June 11, 1965, provides for the establishment by the Greek Government of an Institute for Oceanographic and Fishing Research. Foreign Trade: EXPORTS: Greek exports of fishery products, except sponges, totaled 3,483 tons (US$1,602,400) in 1965, as com- pared with 3,185 tons ($1,279,800) in 1964. The difference was chiefly due to increased exports of fresh and frozen fish. Exports of canned and salted fish in 1965 were slightly higher than in 1964 (1,293 tons versus 996 tons). Sponge exports amounted to 106 tons ($2,496,900) in 1965 (of which 93 tons were bleached or otherwise processed) as com- pared with 114 tons ($2,529,200) in 1964. IMPORTS: Greece imported a total of 55,084 tons of fishery products valuedat $16.9 million in 1965as compared with 44,216 tons valued at $13.2 million in 1964. Imports in 1965 included: fresh, frozen, or salted fish 24,150 tons ($8.6 million); canned fish 14,960 tons ($5.8 million); sea sponge 9 tons ($77,000); and fish and meat meals 15,965 tons ($2.5 million). Greek fishery imports from the United States in1965included: canned fish 4,590 tons ($1,140,100) of which 4,382 ($1,068,300) were canned squid; and fish and meat meals 100 tons ($13,934). (U.S. Embassy, Athens, May 18, 1966.) KOK OK Kk 70 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Greece (Contd.): FREEZER-TRAWLER LANDINGS, JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1966: January-February 1966 landings of frozen fish from the Greek Atlantic trawler fleet to- taled 5,085 metric tons as compared with 3,850 tons during the same period of 1965 and 3,242tons during January-February 1964. The Greek freezer-trawler fleet was oper- ating off Mauritania in early 1966. (Alieia, March 1966.) KOK KKK SPONGE IMPORTS RESTRICTED: The Greek Ministry of Trade has forbid- den sponge imports from August to Decem- ber of each year in order to protect domestic sponge prices in Greece. Greek sponge im- ports during the remainder of the year will be regulated by the Ministry of Trade with the advice of the Greek fishing industry. (Alieia, April 1966.) Iceland EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1966: During January-February 1966, therewas a sharp increase in exports of frozen her- ring, herring oil, and herring meal as com- pared with the same period in 1965, accord- Icelandic Fishery Exports, January-February 1966 with Comparisons Jan.-Feb, 1966 Jan,-Feb, 1965 Product Qty. Value f.o.b. Qty. | Value f.o,b, Kr, Salted fish, dried .....- 734) 16,963 394| 1,066) 21,913) 508 \Salted fish, uncured .... 407 7,817 181 867) 14,462) 336 alted fish fillets...... 298 5,850 136 297| 5,772] 134 Wings, salted ......-.- - - - 44 600 14 Stockfish ...+.2-+-++s 1,511} 48,331) 1,121 | 2,089} 60,811] 1,411 Herring on ice......+- 1,245 5,903 137 - - - Other fish on ice .....- 5,354] 39,484 916 6,905| 42,641 989 Herring, frozen.....-- 10,146] 65,771] 1,526 5,880] 37,640 873 ther frozen fish, whole 1,108} 17,090 396 1,259] 14,522 337 ‘Frozen fish fillets ....- 2,634] 78,119] 1,812 | 2,166] 48,774| 1,132 Shrimp and lobster, frozen 82 8,361 194 73 6,523 151 oes, frozen..-.++++-+-+ 520 5,685 132 183 2,825 66 Canned fish.....-+---> 186 6,551 152 76| 3,964 92 Cod-liver oil....-.--+-- 932] 10,075 234] 1,047) 11,555| 268 Lumpfish roes, salted. - - - - - - - - (Other roes for food, salted - - - eee = - - lRoes for bait, salted... . 656 5,046 117 - - - Herring, salted ...-.--- 5,793] 73,399] 1,703 | 5,006) 53,765] 1,247 Herring oil .......--- 13,638] 106,057) 2,461 | 3,931] 31,902} 740 Ocean perch oil ....... - = - - - - Whale oil . 2... J.0.s - - - 774| 6,698) 155 Rishimealyctepctsvejeleeietiele 1,263] 10,004 232 754| 4,878) 113 Herring meal ........ 24,952 | 206,792] 4,798 | 14,823 /101,935) 2,365 (Ocean perch meal ..... 36 275 6 - - - Wastes of fish, frozen... 452 1,893 44 597 1,881 44 Liver meal .......-..- 18 131 3 94 666 15 Lobster and shrimp meal - - - 25 124 3 Whale meal.......... = - - 311 1,889 44 ‘Whale meat, frozen. .... [eles 10 80 2 Rote: Values converted at rate of 1 leona oe 2,32 Us: cents. Vol. 28, No. 7 ing to the Icelandic periodical Hagtidindi, March 1966. But exports of stockfish and salted fish showed a decrease in the first 2 months of 1966. KOK OK OK OK EXPORT STOCKS OF PRINCIPAL FISHERY PRODUCTS, MARCH 31, 1966: ~ As of March 31, 1966, Iceland's stocks of frozen groundfish (fillets) for export to the United States totaled 4,947 metric tons, about the same as the 5,156 tons on hand March 31, 1965. (United States Embassy, Reykjavik, May 2, 1966.) Icelandic Export Stocks 1/of Principal Fishery Products, March 31, 1966 Metric Groundfish, frozen: for export to: U.S. Industrial products; fish meal: herring.... other fish . herring oil only sto: Note: Teele eonuE 43, 06 eatal US$1.00. United States imports of frozen groundfish fillets from Iceland in the year 1965 totaled 21,384 metric tons of groundfish blocks and slabs, 3,850 metric tons of cod fillets, 2,660 metric tons of haddock fillets, and 478 metric tons of ocean perch fillets. Iceland is second only to Canada as the leading supplier of ground- fishfillets and blocks to the United States. HOOK OK OK OK FISHERY LANDINGS BY PRINCIPAL SPECIES, JANUARY-DECEMBER 1964-1965: 1, 198, 304 972,27 INote: Except for herring which are landed round, all fish are drawn weight. July 1966 Iceland (Contd.): USE OF FISHERY LANDINGS, JANUARY-DECEMBER 1964-1965: Fresh on ice ... Freezing and filleting .. Salting. «222s cece Stockfish (dried unsalted) Canning ....ee.ceee Oiland meal. ...... rustaceans for: Freezing’). ..... Canning ...+..- 1/Whole fish. 2/Drawn fish, Source: Hagtidindi, March 1966. KOK KOK OK MINIMUM SIZE LIMIT FOR HERRING ESTABLISHED: Iceland is protecting herring stocks with a new regulation banning catches of herring under 23 cm. (9 inches). Object of this Min- istry of Fisheries regulation is to protect the south coast herring stocks (caught mainly in winter) which appear to have diminished. (Fishing News International, April 1966.) Ireland FISHERY TRENDS: Over 22,000 schoolgirls in Ireland com- peted in a recent national fish cookery com- petition. This is an example of the market promotion work that is increasing fish con- sumption in Ireland. U.S. interests intend to set up a shellfish plant on the west coast of Ireland. Initially the group will buy shellfish from Irish fish- ermen for processing, but later may operate its own fleet of vessels. (The Fishing News, London, May 6, 1966.) cs COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 71 Italy IMPORT DUTY ON FROZEN TUNA: According to information received by Jap- anese trading firms in the spring of 1966, the Government of Italy has decided to place the following import duties on frozen tuna: 1. Imports up to 14,000 metric tons a year will be admitted duty free. 2. Imports between 14,000-40,000 met- ric tons will be dutiable at’ 0.5 per- cent ad valorem. 3. Imports exceeding 40,000 metric tons a year will be dutiable at 15 percent ad valorem. Previously, imports of frozen tuna up to 40,000 metric tons were admitted duty free. In recent years Japanese exports of frozen tuna toItaly have been averaging about 30,000 metric tons a year. (Note: April1965-March 1966 exports totaled 35,323 metric tons, as compared to 28,866 tons for the previous comparable period.) Reportedly, frozen yellowfin tuna (dressed without tails) transshipped to Italy early in April were bringing c.i.f. US$620 a metric ton and big-eyed tuna (d.w.t.) about $580 a ton. The prices were said to have declined $10-15 per ton in late April and early May reflecting the softening of market conditions in the United States. (Suisan Tsushin, May 4&9, 1966.) Japan CATCH OF SMALL ALBACORE TUNA CAUSES PRICE DROP: e Japanese Summer albacore fishery was off toa slow start in 1966, with very light landings reported as of early April. No sizable run was expected to develop until late April. As a result, a number of skipjack ves - sels that had been re-outfitted for albacore fishing switched back to skipjack fishing and a few shifted to long-line fishing in the south- west Pacific in April. Albacore began appearing in the fishery in late March and a delay in their appearance, with one or two exceptions, has indicated a poor run. This has led some observers to 72 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): predict an unfavorable season this year, with the season's landings possibly 30,000 metric tons or less, compared to about 45,000 tons landed last year. In spite of this unfavorable supply outlook but because of the appearance of unusually small fish, Japanese albacore export prices fell rapidly in April with buy offers for ship- frozen (long-line-caught) round albacore com- ing in at around US$400-410 a short tonf.o.b. The somewhat unusual catches of small alba- core (averaging about 15 pounds with a large number of 10-lb. fish) taken by pole-and-line gear off northeastern Japan were being ex- ported at about $330 a short ton f.o0.b., sub- stantially below the ship-frozen catches due to their 20-25 percent lower recovery rate. Pole-caught albacore in early April were sold ex-vessel at 120-130 yen a kilogram (US$302- 328 a short ton). It was anticipated that, if the downward price trend continues, the sum- mer albacore price may range around $360- 370 a short ton f.o.b. (about 10 percent below the price for long-line catches). To cope with the declining albacore ex- port price, the Japan Frozen Tuna Producers Association, at a meeting held April 15, dis- cussed the need for industry to cooperate in holding at a high level the price for the pole- caught summer albacore and to possibly a- void exporting the early season pole-caught albacore, since its lower recovery and low ex-vessel price were believed to be contri- buting to the decline in albacore prices. (Sui- san Tsushin, April 5, 13, 18, 1966.) aes | % Ok KK SUMMER POLE-AND-LINE ALBACORE FISHERY REPORTED SLOW: The Japanese Summer pole-and-line tuna fishery as of May 7, 1966, was very slow. Fishing usually begins picking up in late A- pril and early May and the slowness was at- tributed by many to the temperature of the surface water layer, which was too cold. If the summer pole-and-line fishery does not pick up, this may tend to drive up the price of ship-frozen long-line-caught alba- core. Further, in view of the decline in the number of Japanese tuna vessels in the At- lantic Ocean, some Japanese circles feel that the combination of these developments may serve to bring about a sharp upswing in the Vol. 28, No. 7 albacore price. (Earlier press reports in- dicated Atlantic fleet expected to decline to about 60 vessels during May-July 1966. In March the fleet totaled 74 as compared to 155 vessels in March 1965.) However, as of early May, United States packers were re- ported still showing little interest in buying Japanese tuna. (Suisan Tsushin, May 7, 1966.) KOR KOKO FISH LANDINGS IN YAIZU: March 1966: Fishlandings at the Japanese fishing port of Yaizu (principal tuna port) to- taled 17,818 metric tons valued at 2,442.2 million yen (US$6.8 million), according to data compiled by the Yaizu Fishery Coopera- tive Association. This was an increase of 4,398 tons and 1,019.9 million yen ($2.8 mil- lion) over the same period in 1964. (Kan- zume Nippo, April 7, 1966.) ; Yaizu Fish Landings, March 1966 with Comparisons 1966 __ Quanti . - (Metric Ton) . Species 1965 1966 1965 3S OK OK AS OK April 1966: Landings of fish at the Japanese port of Yaizu totaled 20,197 metric tons val- ued at 2,288 million yen (US$6.4 million) as compared to March landings of 17,818 metric tons valued at 2,442 million yen ($6.8 mil- lion), according to data compiled by the Yaizu Fishermen's Cooperative Association. Alba- core landings showed a sharp decline but landings of both skipjack and mackerel showed significant increases. Skipjack landings were double those of April 1965. A large portion Table 1 - Yaizu Fish Landings and Average Values, April 1966 with Comparisons Species Tuna; Bluefinl/ ... Albacore ... Skipjack .... Mackerel .... Other fish.... July 1966 Japan (Contd.): Table 2 - Yaizu Fish Landings and Values, January-April 1966 with Comparisons a Q Value . (Metric Tons). - « (US$1,000). . Species Tuna; Vet oe Sociol of the catch was being purchased by Katsuo- bushi (dried skipjack loin) processors. In early May they were reported paying prices ranging from 70 to 100 yena kilogram ($176- 252 a short ton). (Kansume Nippo, May 7; Suisan Keizai Shimbun, May 5, 1966; and oth- er sources.) KORO KOK TUNA FISHERMEN PLAN TO MEET WITH KOREANS AND CHINESE: The Japan Federation of Tuna Fisherments Associations (NIKKATSUREN), as one of its major projects for the year, plans to meet with representatives of the tuna fishing in- dustries of the Republic of Korea (ROK) and Taiwan to discuss problems affecting the three countries. NIKKATSUREN considers it necessary to maintain close communication with the industry members of those twocoun- tries in view of their rapidly developing tuna fisheries, and to resolve common problems re- lating to resources, stabilization of tuna prices, labor, and wages. The organization's Vice President reporcedly has already sounded out the views of the ROK and Taiwan fishery rep- resentatives during their earlier visits toJa- pan and has received their pledge of coopera- tion. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, April 12, 1966.) KOK KOK ATLANTIC TUNA FISHING AND MARKETING TRENDS: The number of Japanese tuna vessels op- erating in the Atlantic Ocean totaled 74 ves- sels, as of March 31, 1966, compared to 155 vessels in March 1965 and 159 vessels dur- ing the peak of operations in 1964. Based on April 1966 operating plans, the Japanese tuna fleet was expected to further decline to about 62 vessels in May-June and 59 in July. The withdrawal of Japanese vessels from the At- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 73 lantic Ocean was expected to greatly affect the supply of Atlantic tuna available for ex- port to the United States. Landings at Atlan- tic bases were down to around 5,000 metric tons per month, with the number of vessels landing fish averaging about 20 a month. It was anticipated that at that rate, transship- ments of Atlantic tuna in business year 1966 (ending March 31, 1967) may not exceed 60,000 metric tons, or 80 percent of the 1965 transshipments of 75,000 tons. Composition of the Japanese Atlantic tuna fleet and export trends during the past three years were: Tranship nents Metric Tons 75, 027 94,640 86, 868 In view of the reduction of the Atlantic tuna fleet and indications of further vessel with- drawals, observers in Japan foresee a supply shortage of Atlantic tuna more acute than that which occurred in late 1965. Thus, despite the tuna price decline, they anticipate a def- inite upswing in prices again in the near fu- ture. Cessation of United States buying of Japanese albacore for direct export from Ja- pan since the beginning of April was viewed as only a passing phenomenon attributed to the temporary decline in canned tuna sales in the United States and to the withholding of buy offers by United States packers pending further development of the Japanese summer albacore fishery. (Suisan Tsushin, April 23 and 26, 1966.) ORK KOK MARKET VALUE OF TUNA FISHING LICENSES INCREASES: Japanese tuna fishing licenses, which are freely sold at a premium on the open market in Japan, were reported selling for around 240,000 yen (US$667) a vessel ton, compared with a low of 120,000 yen ($333) in late 1965. The rise in premium, which began in early 1966 (average of $417 offered in January and $500 in February-March) was attributed to improved economic conditions in the fishery. The highest postwar premium paid for a tuna license was 420,000 yen ($1,167) a vesselton in late 1962. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, April 12, 1966.) Th RPS OK OK Ok 74 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): EX-VESSEL PRICES FOR TUNA AT INDIAN OCEAN BASES: The company which operates the cannery at Penang, Malaysia, and the Japanese asso- ciation representing vessel owners operating tuna long-line vessels out of overseas bases reached a new price agreement on tuna de- livered to Penang, Malaysia, and Port Louis, Mauritius Island. The agreement covered Prices for Tuna Delivered to Penang, Malaysia, and Port Louis, Mauritius Island, April 1-May 31, 1966 US$ US$ Yen/Kg. | Short Ton | Yen/Kg. | Short Ton 160 403 145 365 378 135 ae] the period April 1-May 31, 1966, and pro- vided for an increase in price of 15-20 yena kilogram (US$38-50 a short ton) for tuna land- ed at the two bases. (Suisancho Nippo, March 26, 1966, and other sources.) Albacore, round, over 25 lbs. ellowfin, G.&G., allsizes KOK KK OK TUNA FEDERATION PLAN TO STABILIZE EX-VESSEL ALBACORE PRICES: At a meeting held March 15, 1966, the Na- tional Federation of Tuna Fishermen's Asso- ciations (NIKKATSUREN) adopted a plan aimed at preventing a collapse of ex-vessel albacore prices during the 1966 summer pole-and-line fishing season. Under the pro- posed plan, NIKKATSUREN would purchase albacore when there should be very heavy landings and if there is danger that prices might drop suddenly. The fish would beheld in cold storage and released either for ex- port or for domestic use at such time when their release will not disrupt market condi- tions. NIKKATSUREN planned to approach the Fisheries Agency and those engaged in the tuna business to seek support for its plan. (Katsuo-Maguro Tsushin, March 18, 1966.) OK OK OK OK TUNA FEDERATION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GOVERNMENT ACTION: The Japan Federation of Tuna Fishermen's Associations' (NIKKATSUREN) Vice Pres- ident presented two recommendations to the Liberal Democratic Party's Distant-water Fisheries Promotion Subcommittee Chair- man, urging enactment of favorable admin- Vol. 28, No. 7 istrative measures for the tuna fishing in- dustry. The gist of the recommendations was reported to be as follows: I. Priority Measures to Promote Stable Growth of the Tuna Fishery A. The Government should lower interest rates on existing fishery loans from the current 7.5 percent to 6.5 percent and should reduce interest rates on new loans from purchase, construction, or conversion of vessels from 7.5 percent to5.5 percent. Itshouldalso raise the loan ceiling of 60 percent of the total cost of the vessel, ora maximum loan of 80 million yen(US$222,222) per vessel, to 70 percent of the cost or a maximum amount of 120 million yen ($333,333) per vessel. Loan inter- est charged by the Agriculture-Forestry Center Coop- erative Bank(semi-government controlled) should be reducedfrom the current 8.7 percent on existing long- term loans (totaling about 270 billion yen or $75 million) to 7.5 percent and on new long-term loans to 6.5 percent. B. To facilitate incorporation and business expan- sion of independent fishery enterprises, the Govern- ment should withhold assessment of incorporation tax, establish a separate category for government loans, and adopt other tax reducing methods. C. The Government should provide NIKKATSUREN with funds needed to purchase vessels and equipment of enterprises faced with bankruptcy, thereby prevent- ing the occurrence of successive bankruptcies among other financially-distressed enterprises. Il. Basic Plan (Preliminary) to Promote Development of the Tuna Fishery In order to stabilize and strengthen the management of the tuna fishery, it is essential that the fishery re- sources be effectively utilized, operations be modern- ized and rationalized, and the structure of the industry be developed to a higher degree, thereby strengthening Japan's international competitive position. To attain these objectives, the following is recommended: A. Tuna Production and Bxport argets for 1971 1. Tuna production target: Metric Tons | Million Yen] US$1, 000 una, long-line. . . 360, 000 74, 160 206, 000 kipjack, pole & line 211,000 26, 800 74, 444 571,000 100, 960 280, 444 2. Tuna export target: oduct 22 / Qwantity ai [em Metric Tons | Million Yen] US$1,000 oO 263, 000 38, 250 106, 250 elleued| imu 24000 20, 150 55,972 384, 000 58, 400 162, 222 3. Principal measures to be implemented: a. A total of 155 tuna vessels to be trans- ferred from the long-line fishery to the skipjack pole-and-line fishery. b. The number of tuna motherships carrying 1-2 portable boats to be increased by 50. July 1966 Japan (Contd.): c. The overseas-based tuna fleet to be in- creased by a total of 112 vessels, and overseas -based vessels to be allowed to transship their catches on the high seas, thereby increasing efficiency. d. To promote export trade, loans to trading firms to be administered on a sound ba- sis, excessive inter-firm competition eliminated, and an export sales system firmly established. B. Fleet Modernization (Organization) Target for 1971 1. Target (No. of Vessels): 581 374 gs B78: 000 gross tons 8, 00 Oo" " Tuna long-line vessels. ..... oe Skipjack pole-and-line vessels... . ortable-boat carrying motherships. . Ce ee ee ee i re ( a 30 i 160 (100) 10 ifi 469 (180 334 Total 759 (323 374 1/Figures in () give number of vessels operating out of over- seas bases. (Suisancho Nippo, March 24, 1966.) KOK OK KOK REPORT ON GOVERNMENT -INDUSTRY TUNA SYMPOSIUM: - The 1966 Japanese Government-industry Symposium on the tuna fishery, sponsored by the Japan Scientific Fisheries Council and supported by the Japan Federation of Tuna Fishermen's #.ssociations (NIKKATSUREN), was held in Tokyo, April5-6, 1966. Thesym- posium, chaired by the Director, Nankai Re- gional Fisheries Research Laboratory, fea- tured discussions on scientific papers ontuna resources, fishing grounds, and gear and fishing methods, contributed by Government and industry fishery researchers. The initial discussion centered on the re- source problem. Industry asked what type of gear--long-line, purse seine, or pole and line--would be better from the standpoint of maintaining the resources. A researcher from the Nankai Laboratory replied that from the viewpoint of resources, a gear whichcap- tures young fish was not desirable. NIKKATSUREN's managing director asked if Japanese research and investigation have COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 75 made any progress on the pending question of whether the eastern Pacific yellowfin be- longed to an independent population separate from the yellowfin fished by the Japanese in the western Pacific. Noting the need for bio- logical data at future international meetings, he also asked what kind of studies, including length frequency and serological studies, have been made on this species. Referring to reports on the declining hook rate in the Atlantic Ocean, he urged that Japanese sci- entists assemble detailed catch data since ~ Japan will likely be placed under great pressure should the time come when the Atlantic tuna resources come under close scrutiny. The discussion then turned to fishing grounds. Industry asked for detailed data on tuna resources in waters south of Australia and also inquired whether there was any pos- sibility of developing new tuna -fishing grounds. Professor Uda introduced research data on tuna resources in southern Australian waters and Uemura (Nankai Laboratory) and Kawa- saki (Tohoku Laboratory) explained that there were virtually no new fishing grounds that could support a tuna long-line fishery. It was pointed out that even if new grounds were developed, sustained working of those areas could conceivably affect availability in exist- ing grounds. This discussion brought out the need to correlate the two factors. In discussing the possibility of developing new skipjack fishing grounds, the scientists felt that, since most of the Japanese skipjack fishermen operate on a small scale, employ- ing Simple pole-and-line gear, there was still much room for exploiting the widely ranging skipjack, dense schools of which are found off Japan, Marianas, Ceylon, Mad- agascar, Hawaii, and in the eastern Pacific. It was pointed out that reliance on the prim- itive pole-and-line fishing gear, which catches mainly 2-year-old fish and some 3-year olds, should be restudied since 4- to 5-year old fish are believed to be available in fairly great quantity and gear improvement could substantially increase production. Profes- sor Inouye of Tokai University explained that exploratory cruises to the central south Pacific indicated good possibilities of ex- ploiting skipjack in waters off Truk, Mariana and Marshall Islands. Concerning the tuna resources, Uemura explained the expansion of Japanese tuna long-line operations, in the past 10 years or 76 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): so, from the northwest Pacific to the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and noted the steady rise in catch from 110,000 metric tons in 1952 to over 530,000 tons in 1962. He pointed out, however, that, despite the rapid expansion in fishing operations, resources in the fish- ing areas began to decline perceptibly, and production, after peaking in 1962, started to fall off. It was also stated that Japanese re- search and investigation lagged far behind the rapid changes occurring in the fishery and resources. Yellowfin: Based on Nankai Laboratory's tuna data up to 1962, Uemura noted that fish- ing intensity continued at a very high level in 1962 and that even if efforts were increased beyond the 1962 level, an increase in overall catch could not be expected. Systematic re- search and investigation of the tuna resources in the eastern Pacific, conducted by the In- ter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, indicate that maximum sustainable yield in the eastern Pacific is around 80,000 tons a year. This quantity was reported to be some- what more than the total yearly Japanese long-line catch of yellowfin for the entire Pa- cific Ocean. Mimura noted a marked decline in hook rate in the Indian Ocean since the be- ginning of operations inthat ocean. Nakagome reported that hook rate in the Atlantic Ocean showed a marked decline since the com- mencement of Japanese Atlantic operations. Reproduction, mortality, and hook rates es- timated by Tetsu for the years 1957 to 1963 brought out that increased fishing effort be- yond the 1963 level could not be expected to increase production. Catch statistics by fishing grounds, prepared by Shiozawa and his colleagues, show that since 1961 catch has declined considerably despite increased fishing effort. Big-eyed: Research on this species so far has been confined to the Pacific Ocean. Data compiled by Suda, Nakagome, and Kume on the annual variation in hook rate for the eastern Pacific, where big-eyed distribution is heavy, show a marked decline since 1961. Suda's study clearly shows evidence of a de- clining trend from 1961 when Japanese fish- ing operations began to expand to the eastern Pacific off the American continent. Analysis of resource trends based on data up to 1962 indicate that the fishing effort in 1960-61 ap- proached the level of maximum yield. Thus, caution was expressed with regard to in- Vol. 28, No. 7 creasing the fishing intensity beyond the 1961- 62 level. Albacore: Several papers on the mecha- nisms of yearly change in the Pacific alba- core population in the Northern Hamisphere, contributed by Suda, showed wide changes in fishing effort and population size. However, over the entire period of fishing operations, a Stabilized situation was observed and the yearly change in population size was primar- ily attributed to changes in the occurrence of recruitment. The survival rate of albacore was estimated to be around 70 percent but fishing intensity was believed not to have reached a very high level. Otsu, in explain- ing the albacore population off the U. S. coast, stated that it was difficult to believe that fish- ing has had any significant effect on the re- source inasmuch as no declining trend has been observed. Bluefin: Nakamura, Yamagami, and Ito, in their report on the state of the bluefin re- source off Japan, noted a prolonged cyclical change in fishing conditions, which was be- lieved to be due to environmental factors. Research by Nakamura and Yamanaka into the yearly changes in the length frequency of bluefin indicated a possible close correlation between change in fishing conditions and ap- pearance of a dominant year-class group. (Katsuo Maguro Tsushin, April 8, 11, & 13, 1966.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1966 p. 61. KOK OK KOK EXPORTS OF FROZEN TUNA TO U.S. AND CANADA, APRIL 1965-MARCH 1966: ~ Data released by the Japan Frozen Foods Exporters Association show that in business year 1965 (April 1965-March 1966) frozen tuna (round, gilled and gutted, dressed with- out tail, fillets and loins) approved for ex- port to the United States and Canada from Japan proper totaled 66,223 short tons valued at US$25.7 million as compared to BY 1964 exports of 57,324 tons valued at $21 million. Transshipments from overseas bases to the United States and Canada totaled 50,180 short tons valued at $14.4 million as compared to BY 1964 exports of 36,334 tons valued at $10.5 million. Theincrease intransshipments of 13,846 tons was primarily accounted for by albacore, which showed an 11,148-ton gain. Exports of frozen tuna to countries other than the United States and Canada totaled July 1966 Japan (Contd.): 49,293 metric tons valued at $19.1 million as compared to the previous year's exports which totaled 56,320 tons valued at $20.6 million. Italy was again the principal customer for Japanese tuna. Her purchases totaled 35,323 metric tons valued at $14.9 million, an in- crease of 6,457 tons over BY 1964 purchases, which totaled 28,866 tons valued at $10.8 mil- lion. (Suisan Tsushin, May 4, 1966.) OK OK OK Ok EXPORTS OF FROZEN TUNA TO COUNTRIES OTHER THAN U.4S., APRIL 1965-MARCH 1966: Exports of Japanese frozen tuna to coun- tries other than the United States in business year 1965 (April 1965-March 1966) exceeded 46,000 metric tons, valued at US$17.6 million, according to preliminary data from the Japan Frozen Foods Exporters Association. Ex- ports to Italy (excluding February 1966) to- taled 32,148 metric tons, exceeding the pre- vious year by 4,000-6,000 tons. Exports to Japanese Frozen Tuna Exports to European, Asian, and African Countries, April 1965-March 1966 4 Total [Albacore 1/|Yellowfin 2/|Big-eyed 3/[Btuetin 4/|sxipjack 5/ fata be: te! (eel elie Metric Tons (Value in US$1,000*), ......-. etearere 32,148.4] 1,798.8 21,217.8 | 5,612.2 3,139.6 380.0 13,060.0)| (789.8) | (9,114.3) | (1,999.5) |(1,064.5)| (91.9) eleeacee 6,373.1 4,474.9 132.5 498.7 54.8 | 1,212.2 159.8)| (1,724.4) (45.3) (133.1) (18.9) | (238.1) 2,998.2 | 1,46 779.2 295.0 462.0 - 142.6)| (563.1) (327.9) (90.7) (160.9) 2,495.6 = = 2,495.6 = = (682,4)| (682.4) sete 520,2 - 162.7 145.0 - 212.5 (66,1)| (21,8) (18.5) 25.8 wiejaleleleie 426.1 93.0 30.0 303.1 - - (146,6)| (35,3) (12,8) (98,5) eee 18.8 147.6 155.8 5.1 - (106,7)| (56,1 (4.4) (44.4 1.8 eee 308.1 - 12,2 - (85,6)| — | are | Go} ebehedeh« 237.0 237.0 = = 3 (92,1) (92,1) 150.0 - - 150.0 > a (35,3) = (35,3) eee ee 35.0 ° - - 35.0 - (21,9) 21,9) 7.2 - 7.2 = = - “chic aes 8 round, gilled and gutted, dressed without tails (d.w.t.), fillets G loins. jes gilled and gutted, d.w.t., and fill judes d.w.t. and fillets. yond fish. jex data for February 1966. figures in (). Yugoslavia declined drastically, to about one- third of the previous year, while exports to Spain increased 15-fold. Except for Italy and Trinidad, there were no shipments made in February and March 1966. (Suisancho Nippo, May 2, 1966 and other sources. Seca ase EXPORTS OF FROZEN TUNA TO U.S. AND PUERTO RICO, JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1966: Japan's exports of frozen tuna to the U- nited States and Puerto Ricoincreased in Feb- ruary 1966 as compared with the previous COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 77 Japan's Exports of Frozen Tuna by Species to the United States and Puerto Rico, February and January 1966 Februar Species Qty. Value - Albacore: United States .. Puerto Rico... January Qty. Value Yellowfin; United States .. Puerto Rico... 2,179 1,295 109 38 35 11 24 ashi 72200 | AES | i | 2 United States .. 670 216 117 33 Puerto Rico... 745 149 806 132 ee pais [aes [wee [08] Total United States| 4,626 2,013 4,817 1,861 4,559 1,757 2,622 177 . | 9,185 3,770 7,439 2,638 month. Exports to the United States dropped slightly in quantity but increased somewhat in value because of higher prices for frozentuna. Exports to Puerto Rico increased considerably in both quantity andvalue. (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, April19, 1966.) Kk KK OK EXPORT PRICES OF FROZEN TUNA, APRIL 1965-MARCH 1966: The data in the following tables show month- ly average frozentuna export prices as com- piled by the Japan Frozen Foods Exporters United States 6-0 Puerto Rico... Total Puerto Rico Grand Total . able 1 - Average Monthly Prices F.O.B. Japan, of Frozen una Exported to the United States, April 1965-March 1966 388 812 390 809 291 442 850 433 923 330 472 931 486 977 344 78 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): Table 2 - Average Monthly Export Prices of Japanese-Caught Atlantic Tuna, April 1965-March 1966 Exports to United States 1 Italy 2 Albacore | Yellowfin | Albacore | Yellowfin Round G&G Round Dressed (US$/Short Ton) (US$/Metric Ton) Association and the Japan Export Frozen Tuna Producers Association. (Katsuo-Maguro Tsushin, April 25, 1966.) OK OK OK OK EXPORT TRENDS OF CANNED TUNA: Japanese canned tuna inoilapprovedfor ex- port in business year 1965 (April 1965-March 1966) totaled 1,885,214 cases, according todata compiledby the Japan Tuna Packers Associa- tion. This was a decrease of about 100,000 cases from 1964 exports of 1,989,004 cases. Japanese Canned Tuna in Oil Exports, BY 1965 and 1964 Principal Countries of Destination BY 1965 BY 1964 . (No. of Actual Cases). 771,110 765,564 300,102 242,752 133,472 139,124 132,402 71,375 103,617 108,985 191,297 92,461 75,267 43,198 25,248 43,573 190,160 87,316 78,918 66,232 63,299 36,319 24,909 87,518 Japanese canned tuna other than in oil(spe- cialty packs but not including in-brine pack) approved for export totaled 999,753 cases, 321,000 cases more than the 678,224 cases exported in 1964. Principal countries of destination for the specialty packs of canned tuna were (1964 exports in parentheses): West Germany-- 801,569 (480,642); Netherlands--85,217 Vol. 28, No. 7 BY 1965 BY 1964 . (No. of Actual Cases). 858,838 575,583 72,064 Other Canned Tuna Exports 20,080 6,677 397 2,700 193 530 | 678,224 | 224 (79,781); Belgium--47,415 (45,257); Panama-- 10,985 (11,512); Great Britain--10,250(5,175); Australia--6,750 (2,645); United States -- 3,606 actual cases (3,122). (Suisan Tsushin, April 19, 1966.) 999,753 Hk OK ok OK oe PACKERS ASSOCIATION SETS QUOTA ON CANNED TUNA CONSIGNMENTS TO SALES COMPANY: The Japan Tuna Packers Association, at a meeting held on April 18, agreed on canned tuna consignments to the Sales Company in the ratio of 60-80 percent whitemeat tuna and 20-40 percent lightmeat tuna for the business year 1966 (April 1966-March 1967). (Suisan Tsushin, April 19, 1966.) Of those ratios, consignments by can size were set as follows: silenlelelele (Rercent)Poieteleletatts 7-02. 483s 13-02. 24's 4-lb. 6's We OK OK OK CANNED FISH PRODUCTION AND MARKETING TRENDS: The Japan Canners Association compiled a report on canned food production and mar- keting trends in 1965 and early 1966. The section dealing with fishery products states: Canned Tuna: Production totaled about 6 million cases, declining despite the fact that United States demand increased and prices continued to increase since the fall, with ex- port prices also going up. The National Fed- eration of Tuna Fishermen's Associations (NIKKATSUREN) had not yet undertaken the promotion of canned albacore in oil as a re- sult of high fish prices. (Note: In September 1965 NIKKATSUREN decidedto launch asales campaign to promote domestic consumption of albacore in oil. The program was to con- tinue for three years, beginning November 1965, and was to be financed by assessment on albacore landed in Japanese ports.) The major fishing companies were reported plan- ning to launch a campaign after March to sell June 1966 Japan (Contd.): Fig. 1 - Slicing cooked and cleaned tuna loins for canning in a Japanese cannery. solidalbacore tuna in oilfor 120 yen(US$0.33) a can at retail. Canned Salmon: Production in 1965 in- creased greatly, totaling about 3.7 million cases. Due toa world shortage of canned pink salmon and a firm export market, sup- plies available for release on the domestic market are short. The major fishing com- panies completely sold their pack of factory- ship-produced pink by February 1966. Even the retail price of the flat No. 2 (7.8-o0z.) pack increased to 98 yen ($0.27) a can. Canned Crab: Production in 1965 totaled only about 850,000 cases and this has created Fig. 2 - Processing crab meat for canning aboard a Japanese factoryship in the Bering Sea. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 an acute shortage on the domestic market. The demand is strong for fresh ''zuwai'' (tan- ner) crab from the Sanin District (prefec- tures on the southwestern part of the main Japanese island facing the Japan Sea), the fishery for which peaks in February-March, and the fresh product was selling at the high price of over 100 yen a kilogram ($0.13 alb.). The No. 3 pack (drained weight 3.3 oz.) was wholesaling for 95-97 yen ($0.26-0.27) and retailing for 130-140 yen ($0.36-0.39) a can. Canned Mackerel: Production increased greatly, totaling about 5.5 million cases. The winter mackerel fishery off Choshi, Chiba Prefecture, did not come up to expectations, but beginning around February 20, 1966, fish- ing began in the Yaizu, Shizuoka District. Natural flat No. 1 (15.5-o0z.) wholesaled for 54-56 yen ($0.15-0.16) and natural flat No, 2 (7.25-0z.) wholesaled for 33 yen ($0.09) and retailed for 40 yen ($0.11) a can. Fig. 3 - Washing and packing mackerel in baskets prior to putting the fish in the hold aboard a Japanese fishing vessel. Canned Saury: Production in 1965 totaled about 2.35 million cases, of which 1.4-1.5 million cases of seasoned saury and 0.7 mil- lion cases of broiled saury were packed for the domestic market. The No. 6 (7.4-0z.) seasoned pack wholesaled for 38 yen ($0.11) a can and the oblong No. 5A (4.4-0z.) broiled pack wholesaled for 33-37 yen ($0.09-0.10) a can. (Suisan Tsushin, March 28, 1966.) 3 ok Ok ok OK EXPORTS OF MARINE PRODUCTS, DECEMBER 1965: Japan's exports of marine products in De- cember 1965 consisted principally of fresh and frozen fish valued at over US$5.5 million (over $4 millionin November 1965) and canned products valued at over $19 million ($10.7 80 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): Japan’s Exports of Marine Products, December 1965 Product Fresh & Frozen Fish: Munayiskipjacksstemedcusieneueonel= ANNE OMS oO Gaod Oooo lo oOdD Boiled and dried REGIMENS) 65/55 Aicicvo.0 Golo 6.01000 MotaliCunedicuccssewsetodwelcetallelte Shellfish, etc., fresh, frozen, dried: Scallopswedcserciateieencteratcn name MUNE, SNES Sonia do on ca cS ANTE OUere So biginlo Ob 400 diab 5 Maickenelunviwapctrsicieh onesentneiemekairnce 1/In 1,000 sheets. million in November 1965.) (Fisheries At- tache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, April 19, 1966.) OK OK KOK EXPORT TARGETS FOR CANNED MARINE PRODUCTS, FISCAL YEAR 1966: e Canne oods Committee of the Ja- panese Ministry of International Trade and Industry's Agricultural and Marine Products Export Council held a meeting on April 7, 1966, and developed export targets for ma- rine products for the fiscal year 1966 (April 1966-March 1967). (Fisheries Attache, U- nited States Embassy, Tokyo, May 13, 1966.) Vol. 28, No. 7 Japanese Canned Marine Products Export Targets for FY 1966 with Comparisons Quanti Value Product arget |Actual Exports| Target |Actual Exports FY 1966 FY 1965 FY 1966 FY 1965 . . (1,000 Cases). . . .»(US$100,000), . Crab meat . Sardine ... Saury .... Mackerel. . Compared with actual exports for FY 1965, some increase is expected in all items for FY 1966 with the exception of salmon. The export target for canned salmon is down by almost one-third from the actual exports in FY 1965. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1965 p. 71. 7 OK XK OK OK FROZEN SWORDFISH EXPORT VALIDATIONS TO U. S. AND CANADA, APRIL 1965-FEBRUARY 1966: Japan's export validations of frozen broad- bill swordfish (fillets, chunks, and "other" forms) to the United States and Canada in February 1966 totaled 691 short tons valued at US$534,513. This compared with 436 tons valued at $288,496 in February 1965 and 403 tons valued at $307,561 in January 1966. For the 11 months, April 1965-February 1966, export validations of frozen swordfish to the U. S. and Canada totaled 4,630 tons valued at $3,487,411. Fillets accounted for 66 percent of the total. This compared with 64 percent of the total for the previous 10 months (through January 1966) and for the previous 9 months as well (through Decem- ber 1965). For the 11 months, April 1964- Feb. 1965, frozen swordfish export valida- tions totaled 3,832 tons valued at $2,485,134. (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, April 19, 1966.) He ke ok Ok OK EXPORTS OF FROZEN RAINBOW TROUT, FEBRUARY 1966: Japan's exports of frozen rainbow trout in February 1966 doubled in quantity and value compared with the exports in January 1966. Exports in January amounted to 106 short tons valued at US$81,670. (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, April19, 1966.) July 1966 Japan (Contd.): Japan's Exports of Frozen Rainbow Trout by Country of Destination, February 1966 Country of February 1966 Destination [Quantity [Value _| FIRM CONTRACTS FOR EXPORT OF CANNED MACKEREL TO THE UNITED STATES: A Japanese trading firm has contracted for export to the United States of 25,000 cases (48 1-lb. cans) of natural pack jack mackerel. The suggested export price (f.0.b.) for that pack for this year (as recommended by the Canned Mackerel Sales Company at a meet- ing held March 10) is 1,850 yen (US$5.14) a case, minimum 1,750 yen ($4.86). (Nihon Sui- San Shimbun, March 14, 1966.) OR OK KK INCREASES EXPORTS OF CANNED MACKEREL TO THE U.S.: As of March 31, 1966, sales of canned jack mackerel for export to the United States to- taled 86,150 cases (1-lb. talls), including 25,000 cases contracted for sale in February, according to data compiled by the Japan Canned Mackerel, Sardine and Saury Sales Company. The marked increase in Japanese canned mackerel exports to the United States was at- tributed to a decrease in mackerel production in that country and in South Africa (which nor- mally exports large quantities of that product to the United States). South African mackerel production was reported down 50 percent. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, April 4, 1966.) OK KOK OK QUOTA SET FOR NORTH PACIFIC SALMON FLEET: Japan and the Soviet Union, after six weeks of negotiations in Moscow, agreed on April 14 on a North Pacific salmon catch quota of 96,000 metric tons in 1966 for Japan. Tsushin, April 30, 1966.) (Suisan COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 81 The Japanese Fisheries Agency, in turn, developed the following distribution formula for the 96,000-ton quota: Catch Percentage Quota of Total « (Metric Tons), . Area A (north of 45° N, latitude): Mothership-type fishery (11 motherships, 369 catcher ves= EAE) coagoo gous oon gues Land-based gill-net fishery (332 WEEE) Si dino doodoguono Land-based gill-net fishery (332 VOEANE sia Gata ole Gosia 660 Land-based long-line fishery (869 vessels) fo) .)c)6 0. ce Small gill-net vessel (under 7 tons) fishery (1,378 vessels) Japan Sea gill-net fishery (296 VESSELS) Iie cher e eliehel ciel si ets) « Subtotal Area B........- Granditotalteyeveredelen- fever abel: KR KOK OK SALMON EX-VESSEL PRICES, 1966: The Japan Federation of Salmon Fisher- men's Associations (NIKKEIREN) and the Northern Waters Mothership Council (repre- senting mothership operators) reached agree- ment May 7 on 1966 salmon ex-vessel prices. 4 Ex-Vessel Prices Species ears Cea 1965 1964 Lb. ° The agreement on prices to be paid fishermen calls for a 2-percent increase for red salmon and about a 7.5-percent increase for pink, chum, king, and silver salmon. (Suisancho Nippo, May 10, 1966.) KOK KOK OK KING CRAB FISHING TRENDS: The two Japanese king crab fleets (Tainichi Maru and Keiko Maru) in Bristol Bay were reported as of April 30, 1966, to have caught 564,840 crabs and packed 24,339 cases (48- 3 lb. cans) of crab meat. Their catch per unit of gear was 9.2-10.9 crabs and recovery rate 21.6-27.1 crabs a case. So far, fishing this season had been only fair. In part, according to the Director of fishing operations on the Tainichi Maru, this was attributed to the pres- 82 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): ence of pack-ice which carried away the nets, at times. Most of the nets were later re- covered. (Suisan Tsushin, May 6, 1966 and other sources.) % OK OK OK * VIEWS ON NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES PROBLEMS: With the settlement of the tenth round of Japan-Soviet fisheries under unfavorable terms for the Japanese side, Japanese north- ern Pacific fisheries have entered a period in which the problem of organizational im- provement must be taken up from a long- range point of view. The salmon catch quota has been curtailed to 96,000 metric tons as a result of the negotiations because the Japan- ese side, too, had to recognize the depletion of salmon and salmon-trout resources in the northern Pacific. Moreover, Japan is des- tined to encounter even greater difficulties in 1968, which is a lean year for both Japan-So- viet fisheries and American red salmon fish- eries. Because of these circumstances, it has become necessary for the Government and fisheries circles to rebuild the present structure for fishing operations commensur- ate with the depletion of resources and, at the same time, ask for the release of the northeastern Pacific fishing grounds to the Japanese in the negotiations for revision of the Japan-U.S.-Canada Fisheries Treaty, to find an outlet from the aforementioned diffi- culties. Salmon fisheries constitute the pillar of the Japanese northern Pacific fisheries based at Hokkaido and Tohoku. Their annual yield amounts to about 40 billion yen (US$110.5 million) in value, and one-half of that amount is exported. As has been revealed in the course of the recent Japan-Soviet fisheries negotiations, however, the salmoninthe North- ern Pacific are doubtlessly dwindling. It is necessary for Japan to continue resisting stubbornly the Soviet plan for the distribution of resources. It is also necessary, however, for Japan to establish, as early as possible, countermeasures to cope with the depletion of salmon in the northern Pacific. The first problem, which must be taken up for the organizational improvement of north- ern Pacific fisheries, centered on salmon, is to curtail the scale of fishing operations com- mensurate with the depletion of resources. Vol. 28, No.7 The reason is that in the negotiations with the Soviet Union, the Japanese side cannot avoid taking up the problem of curtailing the num- ber of fishing vessels in the northern Pacific. It must be expected that the Soviet side will repeatedly ask Japan for such curtailment in future negotiations. As the Japanese delega- tion to the Japan-Soviet fisheries negotiations asserted, however, it is time for Japan to "make its own decision" on such curtailment. The key problem is how to reduce the num- ber of salmon fishing vessels on a rational basis. It is difficult for the Government to pay compensation out of the National Treas - ury to those who will suffer losses from such reduction. In the end it will become neces- sary to make use of the system of simultane- ous renewal of the date and period of fishing licenses, which has first been adopted by the present Fisheries Law (to go into effect in August, 1967), as an important means of re- organizing northern Pacific fisheries. The Fisheries Agency is studying meas - ures for such renewal, with the view to ex- panding the scale and improving the organi- zation of fisheries enterprises engaged in bonito, tuna, and mackerel fisheries and east- ern drag-net fisheries (the scale of opera- tions has already been fixed by the Japan-So- viet fisheries treaty for those engaged in salmon and crab fisheries). As for northern Pacific fisheries, there is the growing opinion that the Government should take drastic steps now for the amalgamation of small fisheries enterprises in order to lay the "foundations" for the curtailment of the number of salmon fishing vessels. Another important problem which must be solved for the stabilization of northern Pa- cific fisheries centered on salmon is the re- vision of the Japan-U.S.-Canada Fisheries Treaty. It has been the cherished desire of the Japanese concerned with northern Pacific fisheries to revise this "unequal treaty'' which bans Japanese fishing for American salmon across the "voluntary restraint line'' (absten- tion line) established in the center of the Pa- cific (175° W. longitude). While the Japan-Svoiet fisheries treaty permits offshore salmon fisheries, the Ja- pan-U.S.-Canada Fisheries Treaty reflects the viewpoint that "the salmon which are bred in American or Canadian rivers, always be- long to those two countries, regardless of wherever they move." Needless to say, such July 1966 Japan (Contd.): a view contravenes freedom of the high seas. Japan holds that the Japan-U.S.-Canada fish- eries treaty, which is based on such exclu- sivism, is a "bad law" rare throughout the world. Also the officials of the Fisheries Re- search Institute of the Agriculture-Forestry Ministry emphasize that ''the American salm- on resources still leave considerable room for further exploitation, in view of the scale of American and Canadian coastal fisheries." All Japanese circles concerned hold un- animously that the only outlet from the pres- ent deadlock of northern Pacific fisheries, especially salmon, is the revision of the Ja- pan-U.S.-Canada fisheries treaty in favor of the release of the northeastern Pacific fish- ing grounds as a new "frontier" for salmon fisheries. It is not permissible, of course, for Japan to catch at random the salmonfrom Bristol Bay where the United States and Can- ada have been attempting conservation of re- sources over a long period. If reasonable and appropriate catches, however, are per- mitted to Japan, the blow to be dealt the Ja- panese by the decrease inAsiansalmon catches due to the Japan-Soviet fisheries treaty will be minimized. (Nihon Keizai, April 15, 1966.) % OK OK OK FISH MEAL PRODUCTION FROM SOVIET-CAUGHT ALASKA POLLOCK: The 14,000-ton Japanese fish meal facto- ryship Hoyo Maru returned to Yokohama March 29, 1966. The factoryship operated in the Okhotsk Sea, beginning in mid-January, buying Alaska pollock from Soviet trawlers for processing into fish meal and oil. She purchased 47,500 metric tons of Alaska pol- lock and produced 7,752 metric tons of meal, 495 tons of oil, and 1,120 tons of fish solu- bles. (Suisancho Nippo, March 30, 1966.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1966 p. 58. ae ee ee NORTH PACIFIC WHALING REGULATIONS FOR 1966 ISSUED: The Japanese Fisheries Agency on April 28 announced these whaling regulations for the Fifteenth (1966) North Pacific Whaling Expedition: 1. Number of whaling fleets to be author- ized: 3 (to be operated by the same firms which participated in the 1965 operations). COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 83 2. Catch limit: a. Whalebone whales--1,001 blue- whale units (same as actual production in 1965). For fin whales, the season's limit will be 1,265 whales. This represents avol- untary reduction of 10 percent from the 1965 production of 1,406 whales. Action taken in view of need to protect species. Ban on the harvesting of blue whales and humpback whales will continue as before: No catch re- striction will be imposed on catch of sei whales since stock assessment indicates no need to regulate harvest of that species. b. Sperm whales--3,000 whales. This represents an increase of 540 whales over the 1965 catch of 2,460 whales. The decision to increase the limit was based on the fact that the Soviets in 1965 harvested about 8,100 sperm whales, indicating that the stock is not in a poor condition. 3. Assignment of catcher vessels: In1965 one fleet (which was granted an increase in catch quota of 200 blue-whale units) was li- censed to operate with 11 catcher vessels, while the other two fleets were each restricted to7 catcher vessels. There willbe norestric- tions placed on those two fleets this year. 4. Allocation of whale quota: The catch quota for whalebone whales will be allocated to the 3 whaling fleets: A Catch Quota Whaling Fleet Blue-Whale Units 467 267 267 The Kyokuyo Maru fleet receives the ad- ditional quota of 200 whales as in 1965. The fin whale quota will be divided equally among the 3 firms operating the 3 fleets at the rate of 421 whales per fleet. The sperm whale quota will be allocated on the basis of 1,000 whales per fleet. Fig. 1 - Japanese whale factoryship in Bering Sea. Note stern ramp for taking whale aboard. 84 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): Fig. 2 - Sperm whale meat ready tor freezing aboard a Japanese factoryship in Bering Sea. The Agency also announced its intention to progressively reduce the fin whale catch dur- ing the next three years. Two (Nichiei Maru and Kyokuyo Maru) of the Japanese whaling fleets were scheduled to depart Japan around May 15 and the third (Nisshin Maru No. 3) around May 20. 1966 Production Plan With Comparisons er 1965 aperei(Metsic tans) eiaaie ° cree = [ae Pe 2 7000 3,950 5,950, | 1,019] 1,101 [2,920 | 5,039] 5,009 | 22, 454 | 36,333 | 22,070 [80,856{ 70,924 | [Finback: Oil. sw we Frozen meat. This year finback meat, which was not fully used previously, is to be used complete- ly. One company has concluded a contract with a U.S. pet food manufacturer for 3,000 metric tons of such food (the export price is about 80,000 yen a short ton (about US$221) c.i.f. (Suisan Tsushin, April 30, 1966, Nihon Keizai, May 15, 1966, and other sources.) mk ok ole oe ok FINBACK WHALE CATCH IN NORTH PACIFIC CUT BY TEN PERCENT: Japan will “voluntarily” reduce her catch of finback whales in the Northern Pacific this year by 10 percent, the Fisheries Agency an- nounced in late April 1966. The decision was made in view of little hope existing for the four whaling countries Vol. 28, No. 7 (Japan, the Soviet Union, the United States, and Canada) to agree on how to conserve dwindling finback resources in the area. No agreement was in sight in time for the start of the whaling season in mid-May. By this decision, Japan will reduce her catch for 1966 from the quota of 1,406 fin- backs for last year to 1,266. As diminishing whale resources in the Northern Pacific became apparent, the four countries concerned met in Honolulu in Feb- ruary. The international gathering failed to reach any agreement on restrictive measures to be taken. Japan also sounded out the So- viet Union in vain when the two countries met in Moscow on their salmon and crab quotas in Northwestern Pacific waters. Under the circumstances, Japan decided to self-impose the 10-percent: restriction in conformity with a recommendation by a scientists! group at the Honolulu meeting, which proposed that Japan and the Soviet Union limit their total catch below 1,600 finbacks annually if whale resources are to be maintained at the present level. By informing the other three parties of the new decision, the Fisheries Agency hopes that the Soviet Union also will voluntarily re- strict its catch. The Agency thinks, however, that a final conclusion on this problem willbe reached only after a series of whaling meet- ings this year, including a meeting of the In- ternational Whaling Commission in London in June (Mainichi, April 30, 1966). Ok OK ok OK AGRICULTURE MINISTER URGES FISHING INDUSTRY TO PRACTICE RESOURCE CONSERVATION: In an interview with the press, Japanese Minister of Agriculture Sakata was quoted as follows: '' In the Japan-Soviet fishery talks this time, there were many difficult prob- lems, but it was a matter for congratulations that the agreement came to a conclusion ina comparatively short period of time due to the spirit of friendship and mutual under- standing between Japan and the Soviet Union which has been fostered for ten years after conclusion of the Treaty. I think highly of the efforts made by the members of the dele- gation, including Delegate Fujita, and at the same time, I wish to request again of our country's persons concerned with fisheries to realize conservation of resources under July 1966 Japan (Contd.): orderly fishing operations so that this Treaty will be enforced smoothly." (Sankaii, April 15, 1966.) %K fe OK OK OK FISHING VESSEL CONSTRUCTION TRENDS, 1965/66: Fishing vessel construction data compiled by the Japanese Fisheries Agency show that in Fiscal Year 1966 (April 1965-March 1966) a total of 807 steel vessels were approved by the Agency. This represents an increase in number of 33 vessels over FY 1965 but a de- crease in total vessel tonnage of 2,592 gross tons. The FY 1966 construction trends were characterized by a marked increase in ves- sel building activity in the distant-water trawl fishery and a decline in the tuna long-line fishery. Particularly noteworthy was the drastic decrease in the construction of tuna long-liners of over 200 gross tons in size (reflecting the depressed condition of that fishery) and an increase in the construction of skipjack pole-and-line vessels in the 100- to 250-ton class. In the distant-water trawl fishery, a total of 38 vessels aggregating 35,227 gross tons was built, compared with 21 vessels totaling 16,659 gross tons in FY 1965. In the tuna long-line and skipjack pole- and-line fisheries, a total of 60 vessels ag- gregating 11,765 gross tons was approvedfor construction, compared with 129 vessels, to- taling 27,463 gross tons, for FY 1965. By size class of vessel, they were as follows (1965 figures in parentheses): Under 100 tons--6 vessels (21); 100-200 tons--41 ves- sels (54); 200-300 tons--10 vessels (37); over 300 tons--3 vessels (17). (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, April 19,1966.) — Republic of Korea PURCHASE OF TUNA VESSELS FROM WEST GERMANY: South Korean interests have commissioned a West German shipyard in Leer tobuildfive tuna long-line vessels. The five vessels are expected to be delivered in 1966. (Allgemeine Fischwirtschafts -Zeitung.) KOK OK KK COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 85 FISHING FLEET EXPANSION PLANNED: According to the Government of the Repub- lic of Korea (ROK), the country's fishing fleet totals 48,716 vessels. These include 6,463 (13.2 percent) motorized and 42,253 (86.8 per- cent) non-motorized vessels, but about 17,000 are vessels over 10 years old. With assist- ance from Japan, the ROK plans to modernize her fishing fleet by motorizing the non-pow- ered fleet and by replacing the older vessels with new and larger motorized vessels. The ROK's distant-water tuna fleet totals 45 long-line vessels and, as of March 1966, 40 were reported fishing out of American Samoa. Under the proposed fishing vessel expansion plan, the distant-water tuna fleet is to be increased by over 200 vessels inthe next 10 years. (Note: Other foreign vessels based at Samoa in March included 26 Japan- ese and 36 Formosan vessels.) (Suisancho Nippo, May 7 & 9, 1966.) Malaysia FISHERY TRENDS: On July 1, 1965, the administration of fresh-water fisheries was reorganized. The federal fry production stations and training of farmers and would-be fish culturists in fish culture practices is now under the Fish- eries Officer (Extension). During the third quarter of 1965, 232 new fish ponds covering some 40 hectares (excluding the unknown acreage of the 18 ponds opened up in Pahang) were put into operation. A total of 305,914 fish fry were distributed free to pond owners and a further 249,700 fish fry were released into various waters for public fishing. Mechanization of fishing boats continued to progress with 388 inboard engines and 175 outboard engines installed during the third quarter of 1965. The marked preference for outboard engines over inboard engines in Johore Province continues. The second 5-month marine fisheries training course for 1965 commenced in Pe- nang on July 1, 1965. The enrollment at the end of September totaled 25, of which 7 were: from the Borneo States. In Kuala Trengganu, the third 3-month marine fisheries course for the year began 86 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Malaysia (Contd.): on September 4 with an enrollment of 25, in- cluding 7 trainees from Sarawak. The Fisheries Division's 4-day training courses in fish culture practices attracted a total of 36 trainees. SEs Mexico SHRIMP FISHERY, 1965 AND EARLY 1966: The Mexican west coast shrimp fishery, while continuing to produce at a low level, finally exceeded last year's substandard out- put toward the end of the first quarter of 1966. Exports to the United States for the season from September 1, 1965, through March 18, 1966, were 30,883,000 pounds, up 189,000 pounds. Prices were up substantially to rec- ord levels. Although no data were available, indica- tions were that Gulf of Mexico production in the first quarter was running a little ahead of last year, which was a good season. At least 18 new shrimp vessels are under construc- tion at Carmen and Campeche, reflecting a slight note of optimism. Preliminary data on fishery production in the State of Baja California, the largest vol- ume area in Mexico, indicate that 1965 catches were almost exactly the same as in 1964, a- bout 58,500 metric tons. This is somewhat disappointing, as Baja California was expected to show a good increase and lead the Mexi- can fisheries out of the doldrums. (U.S. Em- bassy, Mexico, D. F., May 14, 1966.) Morocco STUDY TO REVIVE FISHING INDUSTRY IN AL HOCEIMA: delegation consisting of representatives from the ministries of Industry and Mines, the Interior, and the Merchant Marine ar- rived in Al Hoceima in mid-May 1966 tostudy the resources and the means available for developing the fishing industry in this area of the Mediterranean coast. The ministerial group will study several plans which have been arawn up by a group of businessmen in Vol. 28, No. 7 Al Hoceima. The study is being undertaken as part of a national effort aimed at bolster- ing the fishing industry in Morocco. (United States Consulate, Tangier, May 13, 1966.) lote: See Commerci isheries Review, June 1966 p. 78. = ss Norway HERRING AND COD FISHERY TRENDS, APRIL 23, 1966: Herring: As of April 23, 1966, the 1966 Norwegian herring catch amounted to 5.1 mil- lion hectoliters (474,000 metric tons) and the capelin catch amounted to about 3.26 million hectoliters (303,000 tons). Fish meal and oil plants absorbed all of the 1966 capelin catch and 79 percent of the herring catch. The bulk of the 1966 herring catch was taken in the winter herring fishery which end- ed in late March. The 1966 winter herring catch was double that in the previous yearand the capelin catch was also up sharply. Cod: The Norwegian catch of spawning and Finmark cod as of April 23, 1966, totaled 68,741 tons of which 20,056 tons went for fil- leting, 20,578 tons for drying, 21,680 tons for salting, and 6,427 tons for fresh consumption. The 1966 cod fishery off northern Norway has been somewhat more productive than in the past 2 years when catches were very light. As of April 24, 1965, the catch of 55,064 tons was used, 16,613 tons for filleting, 18,378 tons for drying, 11,970 tons for salting, and 8,103 tons for fresh consumption. (Fiskets Gang, April 28, 1966.) * OK OK KK FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM REVIEWED: The Oceanographic Institute of the Nor- wegian Fisheries Directorate carries out re- search to assist Norwegian fisheries. The objective of the Institute is to study the basis of Norwegian fisheries, and to publish re- search results and distribute data that may aid the fisheries. On March 4, 1966, the Nor- wegian Government appointed a review com- mittee for this oceanographic program to evaluate its effectiveness and whether or not changes are needed. (U. S. Embassy, Stock- holm, May 3, 1966.) HK OK OK OK July 1966 Norway (Contd.): EXPORTS OF CANNED FISHERY PRODUCTS, 1964-1965: Norwegian total exports of canned fishery products in 1965 were down about 3 percent in quantity and 2 percent in value from 1964. Product Metric Tons 5,429 925 11,244 1, 809 797 902 : 3, 329 . 782 e 1,020 e 817 . 608 5 111 . e . . . . e . COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 87 percent of the blue-whale units allocated to Norway within the international whaling quota for the 1965/66 Antarctic season. (U.S. Em- bassy, Oslo, April 22, 1966.) Table 2 - Norwegian Exports of Canned Fishery Products1/ by Country of Destination, 1964-1965 anuary-December 1965 anuary -December 1964 Destination 1 . . . ° ° . INew Zealand. . Other countries. Value Metric Tons 269 925 669 298 278 604 8 28, 819 141, 649 19,782 29,419 140, 254 19,58 1/Does not include exports of canned shellfish. 2/Totals are slightly different than the combined exports of canned fish (excluding shellfish) shown in table 1. Note: Norwegian Kroner 7.16 equal US$1.00. The United States was Norway's most import- ant market for canned fishery products, ac- counting for 39 percent of total shipments in 1965 and 36 percent in 1964. (Norwegian Canners Export Journal, March 1966.) “Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Aug. 1965 p. 90. HK OK OK OK OK ANTARCTIC WHALE OIL PRODUCTION DROPS IN 1965/66: The two Norwegian whaling expeditions participating in the 1965/66 Antarctic season produced 126,030 barrels of whale and sperm oil, or 54 percent of the 1964/65 production. The Norwegian expeditions captured only 66 FISH MEAL AND ANCHOVY RESOURCE SITUATION, EARLY MAY 1966: The followingis a comparison of fish meal production of Peru on a monthly basis: 41, 463 116,716 213,742 130, 492 181, 673 180,979 194, 104 122,285 191,930 88 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Peru (Contd.): Based on these production figures, it ap- pears that after a very poor start in October and November 1965, the anchovy landings for this season improved greatly, permitting fish meal production levels to exceed those of the same months (except possibly for April) of the two preceding seasons. Fish meal stocks, as of March 31, 1966, stood at 445,347 metric tons and were esti- mated at about 530,000 tons in early May, as the fishing in the latter half of April was re- portedly very good. During the first week of May 1966, the price of fish meal rose about $20 a ton (to a- bout $148.00 f.o.b. Peru). At the end of March 1966, 147 fish meal plants were reported in production, compared with 142 for that period of 1965. The current fishing season for anchovy was scheduled to end on May 31, 1966, witha total catch of about 7.8 million metric tons. Under present Peruvian regulations, there was to be a closed season June-August, with a maximum anchovy catch to be set for the 1966/67 fishing season, probably to be be- tween 7 and 8 million tons. This new regula- tory approach grew out of concern that the anchovy resource may have been overfished, which was expected to have serious immedi- ate implications for the local reduction indus - try which has an estimated processing capac - ity of 16 million tons. As the industry is one which operates on heavy credit margins, and many of the plant and fishing fleet owners are heavily in debt, the closed season would like- ly impose a serious strain on financial re- sources of many in the industry. One antici- pated result would be a consolidation, leading to fewer but more efficient fishing vessels and meal plants. During the first quarter of 1966 (the sec- ond three months of the current fishing sea- son), Peru exported fish meal to the following countries: Metric Tons Percentage West Germany. ASG acon Oya! Od 64,528 16.1 East Germany. .-...«---- : 29,615 7.4 Belgium srs pct our ie lie! mikes 8,150 2.0 Czechoslovakia. ......--s 8, 896 Oise Cyprus) . = «= . eeee 50 - Spainyepe, + peliciietepane ec. 47 ,990 12.0 Finland . BloyorOvo 0 . 3,000 0.8 (Listing continued on next column.) Vol. 28, No. 7 Metric Tons Percentage an » Greece 2... Netherlands. ..... Hungary. .....-- Great Britain Ireland . UrOWDWRENWN oeee 0. ue 1 oO. 0) 6 4 1 1 3 ee Colombia. . United States | 30.000 _] [D7 Sa Grand Total. ........ | 400,605 | 100.0 | During January-March 1966, 16,312 metric tons of semirefined fish oil and 5,934 tons of crude fish oil were exported, a total of 22,246 tons. It is interesting to note that vast resources of hake exist off Peru and Chile which can be converted to fish meal. Chile is already pro- ducing over 10,000 metric tons of fish meal annually from hake. Up until now, the fish reduction industry in Peru has been largely dependent upon the anchovy resource for its raw material, but the advent of conservation regulations may accelerate development and utilization of the hake resource potential. (U.S. Embassy, Lima, May 10 and May 24, 1966.) OK OK KK USAID MISSION FAVORS SMITHSONIAN PROPOSAL TO STUDY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANCHOVY AND GUANO BIRD POPULATION: Members of Peru's guano fertilizer indus - try believe that the recent decline in the num- ber of guano birds is related to the competi- tion for the anchovy resource from the fish meal industry. The members of the fish meal industry, however, do not believe that a rela- tionship necessarily exists; there is the pos- sibility that when the Humboldt current changes and the fish go deep under water, the fish are inaccessible to the birds and they die of star- vation from natural causes. Bird numbers declined drastically in 1911, 1917, 1925, 1932, 1950, and 1957, prior to extensive develop- July 1966 Peru (Contd.): ment of the fish meal industry in the 1960's. Some believe that about 9 million metric tons of anchovy could be harvested annually with- out serious competition to the guano bird pop- ulation. In 1965, the guano bird population declined to 3 million birds from 18 million in 1964. The production of guano fertilizerwas 168,700 metric tons in 1965, a drop of 36,391 tons from 1964. Guano fertilizer is cheap because of a Government subsidy. Ina reasonably free market, guano could not compete with commercial fertilizers. It is interesting to note also that during 1965 there was a steady expansion of the Peruvian production of chem- ical fertilizers (97,444 metric tons produced in 1965, compared to 81,086 tons in 1964) in line with the increasing demand of both do- mestic food producers and export crop grow- ers. In the meantime, the Smithsonian Institu- tion has proposed to conduct a research study on all aspects of the problem and the USAID Mission in Peru has pledged full cooperation with Smithsonian scientists. (U. S. Embassy, Lima, May 6 and May 11, 1966.) Ne ay TUNA FISHERY MODERNIZATION PLANS: e Portuguese tuna industry is dependent on the catch of fish traps and small wooden vessels. But the Portuguese fisheries devel- opment plan for 1965-1967 calls for construc - tion of four ocean-going tuna vessels as well as new cold-storage support bases. Portugal It was reported in early May 1966 that Germany has agreedto (1) help Portugal trans - form a vessel into a modern live-bait tuna fishing vessel and (2) provide two technicians to make a 6-months tuna survey off the Cape Verde Islands. If the survey is promising, Portugal may build a fishing base in the Cape Verde Islands. Germany is the leading buy- er of Portuguese cannedfish. (U.S. Embassy, Lisbon, May 10, 1966, and other sources.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 89 South Africa PLANS FACTORYSHIP FISHING OPERATION: Following the failure in 1965 of offers for public subscriptions in the Willem Barendsz (a 26,000-ton former whaling factoryship), which is to be converted into a floating fish factory, the project has proceeded with pri- vate capitalization. Included is a 40-percent share held by an established inshore fishing group. The ship is undergoing conversion, a process which will require a total of several months for completion. In the meantime, negotiations are under way to bring Willem Barendsz Ltd. into the marketing orbit of South African Fish Meal Producers. Although various restrictions have been placed upon the operation of the factoryship (an embargo on the use of South-West African ports and operations within the 12-mile fishing limit), the ship will have access toCape Towndocks. (U- nited States Embassy, Pretoria, April 29, 1966.) Kk Ok PELAGIC SHOAL FISH CATCH OFF TO SLOW START IN 1966: - The poor start for South Africa's 1966 shoal fishing season, with disappointing catches in January, was attributed to poor fishing south of Cape Town. The Cape west coast catch in January 1966 amounted to 21,287 metric tons as compared with 38,713 tons in 1965 and 68,041 tons in 1964. This was especially dis- appointing in view of the high and firm prices for fish meal quoted at US$182 a metric ton c.i.f. European ports. sik} ik ro South Africa's Pelagic Shoal Fish Catch, January 1966 with Comparisons for 1965 and 1964 The January 1966 catch in South Africa yielded 4,832 short tons of fish meal, 169,583 imperial gallons of fish body oil; also124,272 pounds of canned pilchards, 232,454 pounds of canned maasbanker, and 313,632 pounds canned mackerel, making a total of 670,368 pounds of canned fish. While South African factories were unable to take full advantage of the firm price situ- ation, fish meal production in Peru was re- ported good. The industry in South-West Af- rica was hoping for an increase inthe pilchard 90 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW South Africa (Contd.): catch quota for 1966. The 8 plants in South- West Africa were granted a quota of 90,000 tons each, or a total of 720,000 tons for 1966. The hoped-for increase was 10,000 tons for each plant which would bring the total to 900,000 tons. It was reported that the Peru- vian fish meal industry would produce stick- water concentrate in 1966 to partially offset an expected drop in meal production because of a catch quota of 7,000,000 tons of anchoveta imposed by the Government of Peru.L Because of the poor catch for the first part of the season by the South African industry, the Walvis Bay pilchard industry of South- West Africa was concentrating on the manu- facture of fish meal to meet the heavy com- mitments for this year. The entire fish oil production for the season has already been sold in advance at a good price to the United Kingdom. The canning prospects in South-West Afri- ca for this year also look bright. Traditional markets have placed firm orders while the local market in South and South-West Africa has shown a marked increase. It is estimated that the local market will take about 1,750,000 cases of canned fish this year as compared with barely 500,000 cases five years ago. The average oil yield during the third week of February was about nine gallons per ton of fish at Walvis Bay. The fishwere being caught fair - ly far out--from9 to 10 hours steaming from the factories. (South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, March 1966.) © 1/See "Peru." South Africa Republic CONSERVATION MEASURES PROPOSED FOR TRAWLING OFF COAST: Japanese fishing industry circles welcomed a recent proposal by a West German fishing company for holding an international confer- ence to conclude an intergovernmental or pri- vate agreement to regulate trawling activities off South Africa. The proposalwas made dur- ing a visit in Japan in May 1966, by the pres- ident of a large German fishing company who is alsothe president of the West German fish- ery association. It was reported that the pro- posal is unofficially supportedby the Govern- ment of West Germany. Vol. 28, No. 7 The conservation measure would apply to the taking of porgies or sea breams (Ptero- mnus laniarus) and cape hake or stockfish (areetaeeiis sp.) and would provide for a cod- end mesh of 160 millimeters (about 6.3 inches) as compared with 90 millimeters (about 3.5 inches), the mesh size of trawls now used by Japanese vessels fishing in the area. It was said that at present the internationally ac- cepted size of trawl cod ends is 110 milli- meters (about 4.5 inches) as provided for in the regulations set up under the International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fish- eries. Japanese fishery circles believe the pro- posal is a timely one because it will forestall moves by African coastal nations to set up exclusive fishing zones beyond their coastal waters. Such a step was considered desirable also in view of increasing international com- petition for fish in the waters off the coast of South Africa. It was reported that trawlers from Great Britain, Japan, West Germany, South Africa, and the U.S.S.R. are already fish- ing in the area and that vessels from other nations now fishing farther north in the east- ern Atlantic would eventually move to the area. (The Japan Economic Journal, May 24, 1966.) HOR KK OK WHALING REGULATIONS FOR 1966 ISSUED: ~ On April 29, 1966, the Government of South Africa issued regulations setting the maxi- mum number of whales which may be taken during the 1966 season by land stations lo- cated on the Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean coasts as follows: Indian Ocean (Durban): baleen whales 236.8 blue-whale units; sperm whales 2,847 whales. Atlantic Ocean (Saldanha Bay): baleen whales 162.7 blue-whale units; sperm whales 798 whales. For the purposes of this regulation the blue-whale unit equivalents were set at: 1blue whale unit is equal to 2 fin whales or 6 sei whales. On February 4, 1966, the Government issued a regulation setting the 1966 whaling season for land-based stations as follows: Indian Ocean: baleenwhales, April 1 through September 30; sperm whales, February 1 through September 30. July 1966 South Africa Republic (Contd.): Atlantic Ocean: baleen whales, May 1 through October 31; sperm whales, March 1 through October 31. (United States Consul, Cape Town, May 20, 1966.) MAY RAISE PILCHARD CATCH QUOTAS: Although the results of the work of the new South-West African commission of enquiry into the fishing industry are not yet known, expansion plans among fishing companies ap- pear to indicate that the commission will ap- prove a rise in pilchard catch quotas from their present level of 90,000 tons for each of the 8 factories. Suid Kuene Visserye's (Wal- vis Bay) annual report showed that the com- pany ordered construction of 7 fiberglass and one wooden fishing vessel at a cost of US$1.2 million. The vessels will be built in Cape Town, South Africa. A fishing industry spokes - man also indicated that a second Walvis Bay company is completing extensive modifica- tions of its processing plant, almost certainly with an expansion of capacity. The spokes- man noted that all South-West African plants already possess excess capacity and could easily step-up production with little, if any, expansion of plants. Most technical experts in South Africa seem toagree that South-West African quotas could rise at least to a total of 1,000,000 tons (presently 720,000 tons) with no harm to the supply of pilchards. Among the questions undoubtedly facing the commis - sion of enquiry, however, is whether to allo- cate the increase to existing factories or to new companies. In a speech before the South-West Africa Legislative Assembly, Administrator W. Duplessis pointed out the profits of the fish- ing industry in 1965. Increased world demand for fish meal and oil brought profits to a new peak. Fish meal production was valued at $27.7 million while the value of canned fish, principally anchovies, was $19.1 million. The steady increase in demand for fish oil prompted construction of storage tanks to hold 23,000 gallons at Walvis Bay. The market for spiny lobsters also increased, partly because of lower Australian production. The administra- tor calledfor more attentionby domestic fish- ermen to the white fish industry which, thus far, has been exploited by foreign fishing fleets COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 91 off the coast of South-West Africa; neverthe- less, the white fish catch by fishermen was 1.6 million pounds in 1965, double that of the previous year. Preliminary reports on the 1966 fishing season are even rosier. Fish meal prices are approximately 20 percent higher than in 1965 and the entire 1966 production of fish oil already has been sold at prices equal to those last year. A new development is the experimental canning of anchovies in soya sauce for the Japanese market. (United States Embassy, Pretoria, April 29, 1966.) oN, Turkey SPONGE EXPORTS, 1965: Turkish sponge exports in 1965 totaled 38 metric tons of which 34 tons went to Greece, with the remainder going to North America, Italy, Sweden, Japan, Canada, and Denmark. (Alieia, April 1966.) -_ B U.S.S.R. DISCOVERY OF NEW PACIFIC OCEAN PERCH STOCKS: oviet exploratory vessel discovered large concentrations of Pacific Ocean perch in the central Bering Sea. A factory stern trawler was despatched to the new grounds to begin the perch fishery in mid-May 1966. OK KK OK INDIAN OCEAN TUNA FISHING: The Soviet tuna factoryship Leninskii Luch returned to her home port of Vladivostok af- built in Japan in 1965. 92 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 ULS.S.R. (Contd): _ = . x "i A [Se a = ‘ ae rn b Fig. 5 - Weight checker--cans weighing short are picked out of line by means Fig. 2 - Conveyor used to carry tuna from deck to processing lines below deck of a "phototube."" Men are timing flow of cans. aboard Soviet tuna factoryship, Fish are weighed; man measuring fish, and another recording data.. Conveyor rubber mat has lips to keep fish from slid- ing off belt, ter 9 months in the Indian Ocean. A total of about 1,500 metric tons of fish were caught, or one-third more than the quota established for the trip. Over 2 million cans of fish were packed. Editor's note: This was the vessel's sec- ond fishing trip. On its first trip (in 1965) the Leninskii Luch was fishing also for sharks to be exported as frozen meat and fins to Japan. KOK KOK OK INDIAN OCEAN FISHING EXPANDED: At least 2 fishing trawlers (both from the Black Sea Fisheries Administration) began fishing in the Mozambique Channel (between Africa and the Island of Madagascar) in May 1966. Kk OK OK OK EXPANSION OF FAR EASTERN FISHERIES: Soviet fishery planners foresee the largest expansion of Soviet fishery operations during the 1966-1970 Five-Year Plan in the Far East where several large fishing ports are being built or are being planned. The Vladivostok fishing port will be the largest in the Soviet Union exceeding that of Murmansk where presently over 800,000 metric tons of fish a year are landed. At nearby Nakhodka several new fishing wharfs have been built, as well as two large refrigerated storage plants. One, capable of storing 11,000 metric tons of fish- ery products, is the largest refrigerated fish Fig. 4 - Chute carries loins to canning line, Stainless chute is storage in the Soviet Union. The Far East used to wash tuna loins. July 1966 U.S.S.R. (Contd.): provides at present 33 percent of the total So- viet fishery catch. Ninety percent of that catch is harvested by processing vessels which deliver to shore bases fishery products in finished or semifinished form. 2K OK OK ok KAMCHATKA FISHERMEN STRIVE TO FULFILL CATCH QUOTAS: The catch goals for Kamchatka fishing ves - sels provided that during May 1966 each large stern factory trawler belonging to the Kam- chatka Fisheries Administration catch 1,400 metric tons of fish. Since most Kamchatka factory stern trawlers fish for ocean perch and other rockfish, the monthly quota prob- ably refers to those species. Each Kamchatka medium trawler was to catch 260 metric tons, but Gulf of Alaska medium trawlers fishing for Pacific ocean perch and other rockfish were to catch 620 metric tons in May. The vessels during January-April 1966 did not fulfill the planned landings of edible fish. As a result, their planned catches for May (55,900 tons) were set about 16 percent high- er than originally scheduled (46,900 tons). sk se ose ok ook KOK KK OK FISHERY EXPORTS TO GREAT BRITAIN: A British firm, which is the sole import- er and distributor of Soviet fishery products for Great Britain, has concluded a US$3.5 million contract for the importation of Soviet canned salmon and canned crab meat during the first half of 1966. Editor's note: The firm, a subsidiary ofa larger food company, is a traditional import- er of Soviet fishery products. In 1964, Soviet crab meat and salmon exports to the United Kingdom amounted to about $3.7 million. OK OK OK OX FISHERY EXPORTS TO GREECE: Two new delicatessen fishery products -- squid and mussels canned in natural juice-- are being mass-produced in the Soviet Far East for Greek markets. By March 1966, over 500,000 cans of squid and 30,000 cans of mussels were shipped. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 93 Editor's note: The Greek firm is an im- porter of frozen and canned fishery products (mostly sardines from Portugal and anchovies from Spain). Kok ok OK CANNING OF SHARK MEAT IN MURMANSK: The Fisheries Administration at Murmansk has begun canning shark meat in four varie- ties: in natural juice, smoked, fried, and "steaks'' or slices. (The Evening Star, Wash- ington, D.C., January 28, 1966.) Editor's note: Increasing Soviet opera- tions off U.S. mid-Atlantic coast might have produced incidental catches of sharks. In 1964, the Soviets reported a catch of only a- bout 100 metric tons of sharks. However, in early 1966 the Soviets reported the start ofa shark fishery in the Sea of Japan. It is pos- sible that full-scale shark fishing in the At- lantic is also being planned since it is hard to conceive that the Soviets would invest ina canning operation without making some pro- visions for the steady flow of raw material. % OK OR OK OK DEEP-WATER RESEARCH DEVICE: A deep-water research device designed by Soviet experts resembles a single-stage rock- et. It can submerge to a depth of 12,000 me- ters (39,360 feet) and register information a- bout the physical processes taking place in the water all the way to the ocean floor. The automatic device incorporates electronic measuring assemblies, with supply sources and a self-balancing system. It is 4 meters (13 feet) long and works according to a pre- set program, automatically conducting an en- tire series of measurements and obeying the signals of its electronic programming block. Upon completion of its task, the device re- sponds to a recall signal and slowly ascends to the surface where an antenna buoy emits a Signal. sk cle se ook ok wk OK OO*K OO“ OK WHALING OPERATIONS: The Slava, one of the three Soviet whale factoryships that operate in the Antarctic out of European Russia, was transferred from its home port of Odessa on the Black Sea to Vla- divostok in the Far East. The transfer oc- curred at the end of May 1966 after the Slava concluded its 1965/66 Antarctic whale expe- 94 U.S.S.R. (Contd.): dition. It is not quite clear whether the Slava will operate in the Pacific as a whaler or as a fish-processing vessel. However, since she is scheduled to depart on her next Paci- fic expedition within a short time, it seems likely that she will be--at least this season-- engaged in whaling. Conversion of the vessel for fish processing would probably take con- siderable time. The transfer of the Slava may also be one of the reasons why the Vla- divostok and Dalnii Vostok are now being used as fish-processing vessels. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Soviet whale factoryship Vladivostok. In 1965, the Soviet whale factoryships Dal- nii Vostok and Vladivostok were used as fish- processing factoryships for the first time since their delivery in 1962 (from Kiel, West Germany, for a reported US$16 million for each vessel). Both vessels in 1965 processed 57,000 metric tons of Alaska pollock into 7,500 tons of fish meal and 5,000 tons of fro- zen pollock. In 1966, both will continue to process pollock. When the Soviets bought these two factoryships, they specified that they must be constructed in a manner per- mitting their use as both whaling and fish- processing floating factories. This may in- dicate that the U.S.S.R. was planning to di- versify, if needed, its whaling operations as far back as 1962. It also means that the So- viets will probably de-emphasize Antarctic whaling for the 1966/67 season. The entire Soviet Far Eastern whaling industry present- ly employs about 4,300 persons. 403K 3K OR 2K Vol. 28, No. 7 ANTARCTIC EXPERIMENTAL KRILL FISHERY: The scientists of the Soviet Antarctic whaling flotilla Slava have studied the com- mercial use of large stocks of Southern Hem- isphere krill (Euphausia superba) for several years. Prior to the 1958/59 whaling season, studies were made only on krill found in the stomachs of whiskered whales. The first ex- periments on commercial krill fishing with variable-depth trawls were conducted in1959 by the scientific research ship Ivan Nosenko. Kilometers -wide ''fields" of krill, i.e.,ac- cumulations of large (up to 6 cm. long) Eup- hausiids (the source of food for various ant- arctic animals such as the whiskered whale, seals, fish, and birds) were found at the ocean surface during the Antarctic summer. The Soviets believe that up to 5-10 metric tons of large krill, which can be used as feed for farm animals, may be caught in 30-60 minutes of sweeping in krill "spots" from diesel-electric whaling ships using industrial pelagic trawls. It is also possible that high- vitamin fat may be obtained from the krill. The equipment available on Soviet whaling ships can successfully be used to process the krill. (Soviet Antarctic Expedition Informa- tion Bulletin, Vol. II, pp. 124-125, issued by Elsevier Publ. Co., Amsterdam, N, Y., Lon- don, 1964.--Original paper published 1959, Inform. Byull. Sovetsk. Antarict. Eksped., ISS o sto SO em A>) a ee United Kingdom | LANDING TRENDS, 1965: Landings of fish (excluding shellfish) dur- ing 1965 in England, Wales, and Scotland to- taled 1.96 billion pounds as compared with landings of about 1.8 billion pounds in 1964. Table 1 = Landings of Principal Species in England and Whales, (Does Not Include Scottish Landings) l : 1965 Species Quanti 1,000 Pounds Pounds Gish oc OG 01010100 6.0 OO O1Oro 593, 141 557,496 addock . sietioneielleielieielic 136,675 135, 882 laice » sce eee ee seccees 73,940 78,082 Saithe se. eeceeseececee 81, 898 72,235 Ocean perch «ses eeececceves 34, 267 37, 375 Herring. «2 esecsecceere 33,727 39,425 Sprat ee eee eee eee ores 21,764 31,948 Other fish. . . «++» siielisievienole 163, 129 162,564 Total (excluding shellfish) ... - 1, 138,541 Source: British Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food. July 1966 United Kingdom (Contd.): In 1965, landings in England and Wales ac- counted for about 58 percent of the total, and Scotland accounted for the remainder. Cod dominated English landings while haddock was the leading itemin Scottish landings. Increased deliveries of those species accounted for much of the gain in British landings during 1965. Scottish landings of sprat were alsoup sharply. Stanchion which supports gangplanks is taken off a British deep- sea trawler, Grimbsy, England. Vessel has finished unloading a trip of fish. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 95 Landings of Nine British Distant-Water Trawlers at Grimsby, England, During the Week Beginning March 28, 1966 Gross Value £ Sterling 12,082 11, 642 11,172 11,046 10, 861 11,937 12,844 14,718 13,771 2 329, 420 371,280 314,580 288, 680 278, 600 308, 000 392, 000 323, 540 ($28, 000) and all but 2 of the vessels landed over 300,000 pounds. we ok sk ok oe PURSE-SEINE EXPERIMENTS MAY INCREASE HERRING CATCH AND FISH MEAL PRODUCTION: British plans to test herring purse-seine fishing were discussed in the Fishing News, April 15, 1966. Separate tests were to be carried out with the middle-water trawler Princess Anne based at Lowestoft andthe her- ring vessel Gienugie III based at Peterhead. The Glenugie III was to be equipped witha nylon purse-seine net 1,440 feet long and 420 feet deep costing about £10,000 (US$28,000). Table 2 = Landings of Principal Species in Scotland, 1964-1965 1965 [MiQuantityalsn | Velvet ea Quantity US 104,012 234, 878 88, 902 182, 287 103,992 cece eee cece. cece. ecee ooo ee Pounds 102,046 Total excluding | shellfish) . 823, 125 17,508 49,022 698, 487 15,962 44,694 +2 109,054 Source: Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland. The 1965 United Kingdom landings of fish and shellfish combined yielded a record ex- vessel value of 460.8 million (US$170 million) as compared with £56.9 million ($159 million) in 1964. KOK OK KOK DISTANT-WATER TRAWLER LANDINGS AND EARNINGS DATA: Nine distant-water trawlers of one British firm landed at Grimsby during the pre-Easter week of March 28, 1966, and delivered over 2.9 million pounds of fish. Average landings and gross earnings for each of the vessels were 327,506 pounds and £12,230 (US$34,245). The best trip was 392,000 pounds with an ex- vessel value of £14,718 ($41,210). Each of the vessels had gross earnings of over £10,000 Success in these experiments and develop- ment of a modern purse-seine fishery could lead to a sharp increase in herring landings, which in turn could expand British production of industrial fishery products and thus reduce Britain's heavy dependence on imported fish meal and oil. KOK KOK OK NEW METHOD OF TRANSFERRING FISH AT SEA TESTED: In the spring of 1966, the British White Fish Authority's Industrial Development Unit carried out tests of a new method of transferring fish at sea from one vessel to another. Two 130- foot trawlers, the Ardenlea and the Summer- vale, took part in the tests which were held in the Pentland Firth with a wind of up to force 96 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW United Kingdom (Contd.): 5, but with slightly less severe sea state. The vessels were brought together with the help of a new fendering system. Then the fish were transferred in aluminum boxes by means of traditional union purchase rigs. Rate of transfer achieved was 10 metric tons an hour per hoist. The advantage of this method of transfer is that the fish are not immersed in the sea. The White Fish Authority pointed out that larger vessels might be able to use this trans- fer system in even worse weather than that encountered during the test. (The Fishing News, London, May 6, 1966.) KOK OK OK Ok FISHING EXHIBITION TO BE HELD IN LONDON IN 1967: - A British trade periodical plans to present a World Fishing Exhibition in London, June ile 1967. The exhibition will be sponsored ~~~; by a number of Brit- ish Fishery Associa- tions and willbe open only to members of the fishing industry. : Exhibitors from many . countries will be in- : vited todisplay fish- | ing gear, vessel de- signs, marine en- gines, deck machin- ery, electronic navi- gating and fish-find- ing devices, and re- frigerating and proc- essing equipment. WORLD FISHING exhibition | and Conference | | | Pieionk rab la » OLYMPIA JUNE 1967 A similar exhibi- —_—_—___—_—--——--' tion was held in Lon- fant in 1965. For additional information a- bout the 1967 exhibition write to Commercial Exhibitions Ltd., The Tower, 229-243 Shep- herds Bush Road, Hammersmith, London, W.6, England. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1965 p. 79. Foreign Fishing Off United States Coasts, May 1966 Off Alaska: SOVIET: Trawling for Pacif- ic ocean perch continued to be the largest So- Vol. 28, No. 7 viet fishery off Alaska. Throughout May a fleet of about 90 vessels fished for perch in the Central Gulf of Alaska from Yakutat to outer Portlock Bank east of Kodiak Island. A smaller number of trawlers fished off southeast Alaska (Cross Sound) in late May; by month's end about 35 vessels were fishing. At least two factory trawlers resumed the ocean perch fishery in the western Aleutians in late May. The Soviets abandoned this fish- ery in early February of this year. A new ocean perch fishing area was dis- covered in the central Bering Sea by Soviet exploratory vessels and at least 1 freezer trawler and 2 factory trawlers were dispatched to the area. Catches averaged about 80,000 to 100,000 pounds a day on the factory trawl- ers. The Soviet shrimp fishing fleet, centered in the Shumagin Islands area, declined dur- ing Muy to about 5 medium freezer trawlers serviced intermittently by refrigerated fish transnorts. In April that fleet consisted of 12 medium freezer trawlers and 1 refriger- ator vessel. The flounder fleet in outer Bristol Bay, which was reported disbanding in late April, discontinued operations in mid-May. Partic- ipating vessels were transferred to the Gulf of Alaska and off the Pacific Northwest coast to fish for other fisheries. The 3 king crab factoryships, accompanied by 12 tangle-net handling trawlers, operated throughout the month on the broad Continental Shelf north of the western Alaska Peninsula. These factoryships were first reported in April, although it became evident during boardings that they began operations in early March 1966, one month earlier than usual. Soviets report that three whaling fleets were active in the North Pacific in early May. Each fleet consists of a factoryship and 9 ac- companying whale killers. JAPANESE: At the end of May about 111 Japanese fishing vessels were operating in waters off Alaska. In addition, 11 salmon motherships accompanied by 369 catcher ves - sels (the same number as in 1964 and 1965) were fishing for salmon in the North Pacific between 175° W. longitude and the far west- ern Pacific. Most of the salmon fishing ves- sels were operating well west of the 175° W. "abstention line.' July 1966 By the end of May, 8 Japanese factory trawlers had entered the Gulf of Alaska and were fishing from near Kodiak Island west- ward to the Unimak Pass region. Catches consisted mainly of ocean perch with Alaska pollock second in abundance. At least 4 ad- ditional factory trawlers operated along the eastern and central Aleutians during the month, taking mainly ocean perch and Alaska pollock. A second fish-meal factoryship with 29 ac- companying trawlers joined her predecessor on the outer Bristol Bay grounds in early May. The two fleets, with a total of 59 trawl- ers, fished primarily north of Unimak Island throughout the month. The two shrimp factoryships, with 24 ac- companying trawlers, remained throughout the month on the proven grounds north of the Pribilof Islands. In late May one of the Japanese king crab factoryships and her five tangle-net setting trawlers shifted from north of Port Mollerto just east of the Pribilof Islands. The Japan- ese began commercially exploiting stocks of blue king crab (Paralithodes platypus) near the Pribilofs last year. e second Japanese king crab fleet (1 factoryship and 5 trawlers) fished primarily north and west of Port Mol- ler during May. VIOLATIONS OF U.S. TERRITORIAL SEA: The incidence of violations of U. S. terri- torial waters in Alaska by foreign fishing vessels increased sharply during the first few months of 1966. The number of reported violations through early May had exceeded the total of such violations reported in 1965. This year 17 incidents of unlawful entry by foreign vessels have been reported as com- pared with 13 such violations in 1965, 17 in 1964, and 18 in 1963. In 1963 and 1964, the alleged offenders were about equally divided between the Japan- ese and Soviets. Beginning in1965a greater proportion of offenses were charged to Soviet vessels, andin1966, of the 17 violations re- ported to date, 15 are attributed to Soviet vessels. Actual fishing by foreign vessels within our territorial sea has also become more prevalent this year. In 1964, the year Sena- tor Bartlett's bill prohibiting such fishing COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 97 became Public Law 88-308, none of the Japan- ese or Soviet vessels detected in our waters was engaged in fishing. Last year in only 2 of the 13 incidents were the vessels fishing within the territorial sea. This year Soviet vessels have been fishing during 5 of 15 re- ported incursions into our waters. BOARDING OF SOVIET KING CRAB FACTORYSHIPS: In accordance with the provisions of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. agreement on king crab fish- ing, Signed in early 1965, Management Agents of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and U.S. Coast Guard officers boarded three Soviet king crab factoryships operating in the eastern Bering Sea on various dates in April 1966. The boarding party in each case was well received and was given information on the Soviet Bristol Bay canned pack for this season. Hach vessel has an automated three- line cannery; the canning is supervised by a trained fishery technologist. The factory- ships are supplied by 12 picker boats (each manned by about 10 men) which set and pick the tangle nets. The crews of the factory- ships and picker boats exceed 600, many of them women cannery workers. LOSSES OF U.S. KING CRAB POTS: Nearly $20,000 worth of U. S. king crab pots have reportedly been destroyed by Soviet trawlers in the Shumagin Islands area since mid-February of 1966. Shortly after a Soviet shrimp fishing fleet of 14 medium freezer trawlers moved into the Shumagin Islands, the U.S. fishermen in the Sand Point area be- gan reporting losses of pots caused by the Soviet vessels. ByApril, losses in the Shu- magins totaled 64 pots (each valued by our fishermen at $200 to $300). The losses oc- curred outside U. S. territorial waters. OFF PACIFIC NORTHWEST (Washington and Oregon States): Soviet: In the first week of May, an addi- tional 8 large factory stern trawlers joined the Soviet fleet of 7 stern trawlers which were fishing off the southern Oregon coast at the end of April. (One of the new additions was a Tropik- or RTM-class factory stern trawl- er which is suited to tropical as well as north- ern waters, and is air-conditioned. The rest 98 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW of the large factory stern trawlers belong to the Maiakovskii- or BMRT-class.) The num- ber of Soviet medium fishing trawlers was the same (22-23) as in April. But the number of refrigerated transports and base ships dou- bled in early May. With the increase in large factory sterntrawlers (eachhas its ownfreez- ing capacity of about 30 tons a day) and sup- port ships, the entire fleet's freezing capacity in early May was close to 1,000 metric tonsa day. The fleet was fishing both Pacific ocean perch and some Pacific hake. One base ship with 5 medium trawlers was catching hake 20-30 miles off Cape Meares (about 50 miles south of the mouth of the Co- lumbia River).. After a few days, the weather became bad and the hake fleet joined the ves- sels fishing off Newport, Oregon. The rest of the fleet, including all15 large sterntrawlers, fished for ocean perch 20-30 miles off the Oregon coast between Newport and Florence (or between 44915! N. and 44950! N.). On May 20, a total of 45 Soviet fishing ves - sels was sighted. Half were fishing off New- port, Oregon (between Yaquina Head and Hec- eta Head), and the other half off WillapaHar- bor, Washington (about 20-30 miles off the mouth of the Columbia River). Most of the large stern trawlers were concentrated in the Willapa Harbor area. Most ofthe catches ob- served were Pacific hake. It seems that by then the Soviet fleet found a large concentra- tion of hake near the mouth of the Columbia River and was actively exploiting it. During the last days of May 1966, the Soviet fishing vessels off Pacific Northwest were taking an average of 800-1,000 metric tons of rockfish (mostly Pacific ocean perch) and Pacific hake each day. About 34 Soviet fishing vessels (10 large stern factory trawlers and 24 medium trawlers) were operating inthe Pacific North- west at the time. By the end of May all of the Soviet fishing vessels moved out of the New- portarea andwere fishing from 12 to 25 miles offshore in depths of from 40 to 50fathoms at points between Grace Harbor and Willapa Bay, slightly north of the mouth of the Columbia. Hake catches by the end of May dropped off. The U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel John N. Cobb, which operated among the Soviet vessels off Willapa Bay from May 27-29, noted that although catches of up to 30,000 pounds of hake per twohours of trawl- ing were observed, average catches were much less. A number of tows with catches of less than 5,000 pounds were observed. Vol. 28, No. 7 On June 1, a total of 43 vessels was sight- ed, including 4 stern trawlers, over 30 med- ium trawlers, and 8 refrigerator fish carriers. During the last week of May, 6 large stern trawlers left the area off Pacific Northwest and transferred their operations to Queen Charlotte Sound where about 15 Soviet vessels were sighted early in June. Soviet research vessels have been active throughout the month both in conducting in- dependent research as well as in supporting the exploratory activities of the Soviet fish- ing fleets. The activity of the Soviet fishery research vessel Adler during April and May is symp- tomatic of the active support the Soviet fish- ing fleets operating in new fishing areas al- ways can count on. On April 9 she was sight- ed off Cascade Head (Oregon) on her way to Vancouver, B.C., where she obtained supplies, fuel and water (April 11-15). By April 20, the Adler was again steaming south to join the So- viet fishing fleet off Coos Bay. During the last week of April and in the first week of May she was actively criss-crossing the offshore waters between 100 and 200 fathoms deep helping the commercial fleet to locate schools of fish. It was atthis time that she discovered large concentrations of Pacific hake. In the last days of May the Adler again came to Vancouver, to resupply. While at Vancouver, she was found to have fishing gear aboard--a fact that prompted Canadian fish- ery officials to resurrect a law which pro- hibits any foreign vessel from entering Cana- dian territorial waters if it has fishing gear aboard, even though it may not engage in ac- tual fishing. On June 1, the research vessel Adler was sighted conducting research south of Amphi- trite Point (Vancouver Island) not far from the Strait of Juan de Fuca. IN THE GULF OF MEXICO AND CARIBBEAN: Norwegian: On May 23, 1 of the 4 Nor- ‘wegian shark-catching vessels which had been fishing off eastern and southeastern U. S, At- lantic coasts since June 1965 entered Pensa- cola, Florida, for supplies. The captain indi- cated this was probably his last trip to the Gulf; his catch was about 200 metric tons of "brown sharks." July 1966 Soviet: No precise information on Soviet fishing in this area is available. In mid-May 1966, a group of 65 Soviet tech- nical experts and instructors arrived at Ha- vana, Cuba, to replace Soviet instructors who have been giving practical instruction for the past six months in fishing techniques to Cuban fishermen. The U.S.S.R. is maintaining a strong liaison group with the Cuban Institute of Fisheries, helping the Cubans in fishery research, fishing techniques, technology, the training of fishermen, construction of fishing vessels, and the general organization of the state-owned Cuban fishing industry. The Cubans--like the Soviet Union--are turning to fisheries as a major source of animal pro- tein as well as a prime source for obtaining hard foreign currency. IN NORTHWEST ATLANTIC: Soviet: Soviet fishing activity increased slightly during the month. By mid-May, ap- proximately 90 vessels were operating off southern New England. Several factory stern trawlers were deployed to the mid-Atlantic during the early part of the month, but some of them had returned by the month's end. In addition, the arrival of about 30 medium side trawlers increased Soviet fishing fleet to a- bout 110 vessels by the end of May. A total of 141 vessels (exclusive of dupli- cation) was sighted during the month and identified as 34 factory stern trawlers, 10 large freezer factory trawlers, 17 large re- frigerated side trawlers, 21 medium refrig- erated side trawlers, 47 medium Side trawl- ers, 5 refrigerated fish transports, 3 factory base ships, 3 fuel and water carriers and 1 tug. This compares to 128 vessels sighted during April 1966 and 125 reported in May 1965. This fleet continued to operate in large groups dispersed along the 200 miles of the 100-fathom curve of the Continental Shelf from east of Atlantic City, New Jersey (Hud- son Canyon), to south and southeast of the Nantucket lightship off Massachusetts coast. By the end of May, the fleet extended its op- erations eastward to the southwest and south- east Georges Bank. The principal species of fish taken by the Soviets appeared to be whiting, red hake and large herring. Their catch compositions COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 99 were inconsistent and varied from vessel to vessel. Although the majority of vessels was actively engaged in fishing operations the catches of fish were considered only moder- ate to poor. Polish: One factory stern trawler was sighted fishing on Georges Bank on May 24. (5 Polish stern trawlers were fishing on Geor- ges Bank in September 1965.) OFF MID-ATLANTIC COASTS: ~~ Soviet: Fishing effort off mid-Atlantic U. S. coast increased greatly during May. Ex- clusive of duplications, 74 vessels were sight- ed and identified as 53 factory stern trawlers, 6 large freezer factory trawlers, 9 large re- frigerated side trawlers, 2 medium side trawl- ers and 4 refrigerated fish transports. By mid-May between 60 and 70 Soviet ves- sels were dispersed along 200 miles of the 100-fathom curve from 45 miles northeast of Oregon Inlet (N.C.) to 90 miles east of Cape May, N.J. By the third week, these vessels returned to Georges Bank or to the fishing grounds off Nova Scotia and less than ten So- viet vessels remained in mid-Atlantic. Heavy catches of fish appeared to be pri- marily scup (porgies) and whiting. Numer- ous trawls were observed bulging with fish-- estimated catches of 30,000 to 40,000 pounds. There seemed to be little doubt that the So- viets were fishing in a productive scup area. This amazed Virginia fishermen who stated that they found little or no fish in these areas. (Normally, U.S. fishermen in these areas engage in other fisheries by the end of May when the scup season ends.) U.S. fishermen were impressed and con- cerned about the size and catch capabilities of the Soviet stern trawlers. The fishermen link the Soviet success in catching fish when U. S. vessels are unable to do so to their a- bility to fish in greater depths and catch fish when they rise off the bottom. They also maintain that the Soviets have superior fish- finding devices. This was the largest concentration of So- viet vessels to operate along the mid-Atlan- tic coast. Of particular interest was the So- viets' increased interest in scup. During March 1964 about 15 Soviet stern trawlers took substantial quantities of scup east of Virginia Capes. 100 Norwegian: Several longliners have moved south of Martha's Vineyard off Massachusetts coast to fish for sharks. ALLEGED SOVIET FISHING FOR SALMON OFF PACIFIC NORTHWEST: In mid-May several U. S. west coast fish- ermen reported to the Press that they had seen the Soviets fishing with gill nets for salm- on in the dawn hours. On May 31, thedirec- tor of the Washington Department of Fisher- ies stated that 16 out of 1,184 salmon caught by sport fishermen over Memorial Day week- end off Pacific Northwest were fish "recently marked by gill nets.'' The head (A. Chepur) of the Soviet fishing fleet operating off Pacific Northwest was asked by U.S. public relations men and newsmen whether his fleet was fish- ing for salmon. Hedeniedthat any of his ves- sels is either equipped for salmon fishing or is permitted to fish for that species. He did allow that individual salmon may be caught incidentally during trawling and is eaten by the crew. Because it is known that the Soviet Minis- try of Fisheries does not look with favor on high-seas fishing for salmon, there seems to be areasonable doubt that the Soviets are fish- ing salmon commercially. INTERVIEW WITH SOVIET FISHERMEN: On May 28, a party of Washington's Legis - lature, representatives of the West Coast COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 Trollers Association, and newsmen chartered a boat to pay a private visit to the Soviet fish- ing fleet. Aboard were three members of the Washington State Legislature's interim Fish- eries Committee (Senator Ted Peterson and Representatives Dwight Hawley and Chet King), the public relations director of the Congress of American Fishermen (Dick O'Keef), a newspaper reporter (Stanton H. Patty of the Seattle Times), and a radioman (Bob Ginther) of the King Broadcasting Company. Several weeks previous, O'Keef tried to get aboard the flagship (the Churkin) of the Soviet fleet operating off the Oregon coast, but was unable to do so even on written re- quest. On May 28, however, the Soviet Com- mander of the fishing fleet, residing aboard the Churkin did allow O'Keef and 2 newsmen to come aboard for an interview. It was ob- vious that he had received permission from the Soviet authorities to do so. During the interview, the Soviet Commander Aleksander Chepur made several interesting statements: (1) The Soviet vessels fishing off the U. S. coasts may only approach within 15 miles of shore; if any vessels stray inside 15 miles, they are doing so in violation of this Soviet operational directive; (2) the Soviet Union will stay in the Northeastern Pacific fishing areas at least until mid-September 1966, un- less instructed differently by the Soviet Min- istry of Fisheries. On the weekend of June 4-5, another group of newsmen was allowed aboard Soviet fishing vessels. This time, they took pictures for a Seattle television program. places. April 16, 1966.) LOBSTER SHEARS FOR THE HOME DINER Lobster eating for the home diner is made much easier by using a new type of lobster shears recently devised. The shears readily cut through the toughest of lobster shells and eliminates trying to retrieve bits of meat from shelled-in The shears have fine pointed blades which cut the joints wide open al- lowing the diner to pick out the meat neat andclean in one piece. (Science News, July 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 101 Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES HEARINGS ON APPLICATIONS FOR FISHING VESSEL CONSTRUCTION DIFFERENTIAL SUBSIDY: The following firms have applied for fish- ing vessel construction differential subsidies to aid in the construction of vessels to en- gage in various fisheries: Old Colony Trawling Corp., 220 Northern Ave., Boston, Mass. 02110, has applied for a fishing vessel construction differential subsi- dy to aid in the construction of a 131-foot o- verall length steel vesselto engage inthe fish- ery for groundfish and flounder. The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interior, published the notice of the hearing in the Federal Register, May 5, 1966. American Stern Trawlers, Inc., 26 Broad- way, New York, N. Y. 10004, steel vessel with a length between perpendiculars of 262 feet to engage in the fishery for bottomfish, hake, and herring in the North Pacific Ocean. Notice of the hearing appeared in the Federal Register, June 1, 1966. Hearings on the economic aspects of the applications were scheduled to be held. He OK OK OK IS APPLICATIONS FOR FISHING VESSEL LOANS: The following applications have been re- ceived for loans from the U. S. Fisheries Loan Fund to aid in financing the purchase of used fishing vessels: James Peyton Allenbaugh, 724 Terrace Ave., Aberdeen, Wash. 98520, 42-foot wood vessel to engage in the fishery for crabs, salmon, and tuna. Notice of the application was published by the U. S. Department of the Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in the Federal Register, May 5, 1966. John Clifford Edwards, 61 O St., Hoquiam, Wash. 98550, 49.6-foot registered length wood vessel to engage in the fishery for crabs, tuna, and bottomfish. Notice of the application was published in the Federal Reg- ister, May 5, 1966. Gilbert Lee Krigbaum, Westport, Wash., 48-foot registered length wood vessel to en- gage in the fishery for salmon, albacore, and crabs. Notice of the application was pub- lished in the Federal Register, May 18, 1966. Howard H. Conn, P. O. Box 306, Peters- burg, Alaska 99833, 50-foot registered length wood vessel to engage in the fishery for halibut, salmon, black cod, Dungeness crab, and king crab. Notice of the applica- tion was published in the Federal Register, June 4, 1966. John C. Morgan, P. O. Box 532, Naples, Fla. 33940, 37-foot wood vessel to engage in the fishery for mackerel, pompano, and grouper. Notice of the application was pub- lished in the Federal Register, June 7, 1966. Regulations and procedures governing fishery loans have been revised and no long- er require that an applicant for a new or used vessel loan replace an existing vessel (Public Law 89-85; Fisheries Loan Fund Procedures--50 CFR Part 250, as revised August 11, 1965). Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1966 p. 101. KOK OK OK OK PROPOSED U.S. STANDARDS FOR GRADES OF FROZEN HEADLESS DRESSED WHITING: Notice of proposed standards for grades of frozen headless dressed whiting was pub- lished in the Federal Register, May 18, 1966, by the U. S. Department of the Interior in ac- 102 cordance with the authority contained in Ti- tle II of the Agricultural Marketing Act of August 14, 1946, as amended (7 U.S.C. 1621- The proposed standards would be is- sued as an amendment by the addition of a 1627). new Part 271. The new Part 271, U. S. Standards for Grades of Frozen Headless Dressed Whiting COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW samples. Vol. 28, No. 7 definitions and methods of analysis; and (5) tolerances for certification of officially drawn Interested persons were given the oppor- tunity to submit written comments, sugges- tions, or objections on the proposed stand- whiting. includes sections on: (1) description of prod- uct; (2) grades of frozen headless dressed whiting; (3) determination of the grade; (4) DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service [50 CFR Part.271 1 FROZEN HEADLESS DRESSED WHITING U.S. Standards for Grades Notice is hereby given that pursuant to the authority vested in the Secretary of the Interior by section 6(a) of the Fish and Wildlife Act of August 8, 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742e), it is proposed to amend Title 50 Code of Federal Regulations by the addition of a new Part 271. The purpose of this amendment is to issue standards for grades of frozen headless dressed whiting in accordance with the authority contained in Title II of the Agricultural Marketing Act of August 14, 1946, as amended (7 U.S.C. 1621-1627). It is the policy of the Department of the Interior whenever practicable, to af- ford the public an opportunity to par- ticipate in the rule making process. Accordingly, interested persons may sub- mit written comments, suggestions, or objections with respect to the proposed amendment to the Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C., 20240, within 30 days of the date of publication of this notice in the FepERAL REGISTER. Donatp L. McKERNAN, Director. May 12, 1966. PART 271—U.S. STANDARDS FOR GRADES OF FROZEN HEADLESS DRESSED WHITING * Sec. 271.1 Description of the product. 271.2 Grades of frozen headless dressed whiting. 271.11 Determination of the grade. 271.21 Definitions and methods of analysis. 271.25. Tolerances for certification of offi- cially drawn samples. AuTHoRITY: The provisions of this Part 271 are issued under sec. 6, 70 Stat. 1122; 16 U.S.C. § 742e; and secs. 203 and 205, 60 Stat. 1087, 1090, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 1622, 1624. § 271.1 Description of the product. The product described in this part con- sists of clean, wholesome whiting (silver hake) merluccius bilinearis, merluccius albidus; completely and cleanly headed +Compliance with the provisions of these standards shall not excuse failure to com- ply with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. and adequately eviscerated. The fish are packaged and frozen in accordance with good commercial practice and are main- tained at temperatures necessary for the preservation of the product. § 271.2 Grades of frozen headless dressed whiting. (a) “U.S. Grade A” is the quality of frozen headless dressed whiting that (1) possess a good flavor and odor and that (2) for those factors that are rated in accordance with the scoring system out- lined in this part, have a total score of 85 to 100 points. (b) “U.S. Grade B” is the quality of frozen headless dressed whiting that (1) possess at least reasonably good flavor and odor and that (2) rate a total score of not less than 70 points for those fac- tors of quality that are rated in accord- ards for grades of frozen headless dressed The Notice of Proposed Rule Making as published in the Federal Register follows: ance with the scoring system outlined in this part. (c) “Substandard” or “Utility” is the quality of frozen headless dressed whit- ing that meet the requirements of § 271-1 but that otherwise fail to meet the re- quirements of “U.S. Grade B.” § 271.11 Determination of the grade. In a plan under Continuous USDI Inspection the grade is determined by examining the product for factors 1-10 in the thawed state and factor 11 in the cooked state. For lot inspection, exam- ination of the product for factors 1, 2, and 3 is carried out in the frozen state and 4-10 in the thawed state. Factor 11 is examined in the cooked state. (a) Factors rated by score points. Points are deducted for variations in the quality of each factor in accordance with the schedule in Table 1. The total of TABLE 1.—SCHEDULE OF POINT DEDUCTIONS PER SAMPLE FROZEN STATE (LOT INSPECTION ONLY) Factors scored Method of determining score Deduct Arrangement of product ! ge degree: Small degree: 10 percent of fish twisted or bellies and backs not facing the same direction. More than 10 percent of fish twisted, void present or some fish cross packed. Condition of packaging (overall | Poor: assessment). Dehydration Packaging material has been soaked, softened or deteriorated. Small degree: Slight dehydration of the exposed surfaces_ Large degree: Deep dehydration of the exposed surfaces--_- THAWED STATE Minimum size: Fish 2 oz. or | Number of fish less than 2 oz. per Ib.: Over 0—not over 0.5__ over are of acceptable size. Over 0.5—not over 1.0. Over 1.0—not over 2. Over 2.0. Uniformity: Weight ratio of fish remaining. The 10 per: cent largest fish divided the 10 percent smallest fish 1 Weight ratio 10 percent smallest and 10 percent largest: Over 2.0—not over 2.4 Over 2.4—not over 2.8 Over 2.8—not over 3.2. Over 3.2—not over 3.6. Over 3.6...--.------.- Heading! Evisceration (overall assess- Color of the exposed surfaces (overall assessment). Small degree: Slight evidence of viscera. ment). Moderate degree: Moderate amounts of spawn, viscera, Large degree: Large amounts of viscera, spawn, etc_-- Scaling t Small degree: 10 percent of fish not well scaled. Large degree: Over 10 percent of fish not well scaled. email degree: Minor darkening, dulling Large degree: Objectionably dark, Brann dull__ mor Small degree: 10 percent of fish carolessly cut. Moderate degree: Over 10 percent of fish carelessly cut Bruises and split or broken skin. Presence of bruises Se broken or split skin per pound: v 5. Over 1.5—not over 2.0- Over)2.0- 222225" =Ees- July 1966 TABLE 1,—ScHEDULE OF PoINT DEDUCTIONS ren SAMYLE—Continued FROZEN STATE (LOT INSPECTION ONLY) COOKED STATE Factors scored (see ee} 11 | Texture: (overall assessment) Method of determining scoro Deduct Small degree: Moderately dry, tough, mushy, rubbery, watery, strin; Large degree: RY- Hxcessively dry, tough, mushy, rubbery, watery, stringy. 110 percent of fish refers to 10 percent by count rounded to nearest whole fish. points deducted is subtracted from 100 to obtain the score. The maximum score is 100; the minimum score is 0. (b) Factors not rated by score points. The factor of ‘flavor and odor”’ is evalu- ated organoleptically by smelling and tasting after the product has been cooked in accordance with § 278.21. (1) Good flavor and odor (essential requirements for a U.S. Grade A prod- uct) means that the cooked product has the typical flavor and odor of the species and is free from rancidity, bitterness, staleness, and off-flavors and off-odors of any kind. (2) Reasonably good flavor and odor (minimum requirements of a U.S. Grade B product) means that the cooked prod- uct is lacking in good flavor and odor, but is free from objectionable off-flavors and off-odors of any kind. § 271.21 Definitions and methods of analysis. (a) Selection of the sample unit. The sample unit consists of the primary con- tainer and its entire contents. The whiting are examined according to Table 1. Definitions of factors for point de- ductions are as follows: (b) Examination of sample, frozen state. When this product is examined under Continuous USDI Inspection, the samples are examined for factors 1, 2, and 3 in Table 1 in the thawed state. When the product is lot inspected, the samples are examined for factors 1, 2, and 3 in Table 1 in the frozen state. (1) “Arrangement of product” refers to the packing of the product in a sym- metrical manner, bellies or backs all facing in the same direction, fish neatly dovetailed. 2 (2) “Condition of the packaging ma- terial’ refers to the condition of the card- board or other packaging material of the primary container. If the fish is allowed to stand after packing and prior to freez- ing, moisture from the fish will soak into the packaging material and cause de- terioration of that material. (3) “Dehydration” refers to the presence of dehydrated (water-removed) tissue on the exposed surfaces of the whiting. Slight dehydration is surface dehydration which is not color-masking. Deep dehydration is color-masking and cannot be removed by scraping with a fingernail. (c) Examination of sample, thawed state. Thawed state means the state of the product after being thawed. Thaw- ing the sample is best accomplished by enclosing the sample in a film type bag and immersing in an agitated water bath held at 68° F., +2° F, Allow the prod- uct to remain immersed until thawed. Alternatively when the facilities are lacking for water thawing, the sample may be thawed by slacking it out at a temperature between 30° to 40° F. on an aluminum tray from 2 hours for a 1%2- pound sample to 8 hours for a 10-pound sample. (1) “Minimum size” refers to the size of the individual fish in the sample. Fish 2 ounces or over are considered accept- able. Smaller fish cannot be cooked uniformly with acceptable size fish. Separate the fish of unacceptable size, divide their number by the weight of the sample in pounds, and apply to Table 1. Example—four fish of unac- ceptable size in a 5-pound package is 4% =0.8, a 10 point deduction (2) “Uniformity.” From the fish re- maining, select by count 10 percent (minimum .of one fish) of the largest and 10 percent (minimum of one fish) of he smallest and divide the largest KOK OK KK COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW weight by the smallest weight to get a weight ratio. (3) “Heading” refers to the condition of the fish after they have been headed. The fish should be cleanly headed behind the gills and pectoral fins. No gills, gill bones, or pectoral fins should remain after the fish have been headed. (4) “Evisceration” refers to the clean- ing of the belly cavities of the fish. All spawn, viscera, and belly strings should be removed. (5) “Scaling” refers to the satisfac- tory removal of scales from the fish. (6) “Color of the cut surfaces’ refers to the color of the cut surfaces of the fish after heading and other processing. (7) “Bruises and broken or split skin” refers to bruises over one-half square inch in area and splits or breaks in the skin more than one-half inch in length which are not part of the processing. (d) Examination of sample, cooked state. Cooked state means the state of the sample after being cooked. Cook- ing the sample is best accomplished by inserting the sample into a film type bag and submerging it into boiling water for from 18-20 minutes. A minimum of three fish per sample unit shall be cooked. (1) “Texture defects” refers to the absence of normal textural properties of the cooked fish flesh, which are tender- ness, firmness, and moistness without excess water. Texture defects are dry- ness, softness, toughness, and rubbery- ness. (e) General definitions. (1) Small (overall assessment) refers to a condition that is noticeable but is only slightly objectionable. (2) Moderate (overall assessment) refers to a condition that is distinctly noticeable but is not seriously objection- able. (3) Large (overall assessment) refers to a condition which is both distinctly noticeable and seriously objectionable. § 271.25 Tolerances for certification of officially drawn samples. The sample rate and grades of specific lots shall be certified in accordance with Part 260 of this chapter (Regulations Governing Processed Fishery Products) . FEDERAL SUBSIDIES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF NEW TUNA VESSELS APPROVED: An appeal by the American Tuna Boat As- sociation, San Diego, Calif., to prevent the addition of 5 new tuna vessels to the United States fishing fleet has been denied, the U.S. Department of the Interior's Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries announced May 18, 1966. The Association sought to reverse a hearing examiner's decision that Federal subsidies should be granted to permit building the ves- sels in United States shipyards. It argued that enlargement of the tuna fleet would cre- ate economic hardship among other owners now operating profitably. The subsidies are authorized by the United States Fishing Fleet Improvement Act, which is administered by the Bureau, said Donald L. McKernan, Bureau Director. Under certain conditions the Act permits paying the differ- ence between building a vessel in United States shipyards and in less expensive for- eign shipyards, with a maximum subsidy of 50 percent of the cost of having the vessel built in an American shipyard. United States fishermen are required by law to have their vessels constructed in this country. The amount of the subsidies will be de- termined after the United States Maritime 104 Commission approves specifications, studies bids for construction, and estimates the cost of building the vessels in foreign countries. The decision signed by Clarence F. Pautzke Deputy Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks, upheld initial decisions made by a Hearing Examiner following ex- tensive hearings late in 1965. 2 The Deputy Assistant Secretary's ruling, made after a hearing in La Jolla, Calif., granted construction subsidies to 5 San Diego firms. HOHE OK OK OK NEW FISHERY ATTACHES APPOINTED TO TOKYO AND COPENHAGEN POSTS: The appointment of new fishery attachés in United States Embassies in Tokyo and Copenhagen was announced May 9, 1966, by Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall. They will begin their two-year tours of duty about June 1. Clinton E. Atkinson takes over from Arnie J. Suomela in Tokyo, and Arthur M. Sand- berg replaces Andrew W. Anderson in Coper- hagen. Suomela and Anderson, both long- time fishery administrators, have served at their posts five years and are returning to the United States to retire. The fisheries attaché program is oper- ated by the Department of State in coopera- tion with the Department of the Interior. Persons named under this program are ap- pointed Foreign Service Reserve Officers of the State Department. A fishery attaché gathers information to keep the United States Government and the fishing industry abreast of fishing operations, advances in technology and processing, and market conditions in foreign nations. He seeks to develop foreign markets for Ameri- can fishery products and to locate supplies to meet the demands of the American public. He interprets the United States position to foreign nations and works to resolve inter- national fishing problems. Atkinson has been a scientist with Interi- or's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries for 28 years, specializing in fisheries research, administration, and international fisheries commissions. He has made many trips to Japan, has a working knowledge of the lan- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 guage, and is widely known in Japanese fishing cireles,“Helhas first-hand under - standing of fish- ing's importance in the Japanese economy--and of the fact that U- nited States and Japanese fishing industries have : ! many close ties Cinton E.) Atianson through trade and common conservation interests. Atkinson was graduated in 1937 from the University of Washington, College of Fisher- ies. He now is a candidate for a Doctor of Philosophy degree at the University of Hok- kaido in Japan. Sandberg, in assuming the Co- penhagen post, willbe concerned with the fisheries of 22 European nations. He join- ed Federal Gov- ernment service in 1941 after 10 years in the fish- ing industry. He has worked with the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries for 25 years, most re- cently as an in- ternational trade specialist and chalet rot thre Branch of Foreign Trade and Economic Serv- ices. A major part of his work was to follow United States foreign policy as it relates to international trade agreements. Arthur M, Sandberg In 1946, Sandberg served in the secretar- iat of the International Whaling Conference. In 1948, he plannedand conducteda survey of Western Europe as amarket for, and competi- tor to, UnitedStates fishery products. He has worked closely with the Interdepartmental Trade Agreements Committee and has partic- ipated in international trade negotiations and conferences. Sandberg attended business col- lege in Duluth, Minn., wherehe specializedin accounting, and was graduated in 1939. July 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 105 BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES AND BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE bility and specify that all research must be REGULATIONS PROPOSED TO START NEW ANADROMOUS FISHERIES PROGRAM: Proposed regulations to govern a new Fed- eral program to conserve and develop the Nation's anadromous fishery resources were announced by the U. S. Department of the In- terior on June 10, 1966. Anadromous fish, such as striped bass, salmon, and shad, live in the ocean and return to fresh water to spawn. The Anadromous Fish Act (P. L. 89-304), passed in October 1965, provides funds for States and other non-Federal interests to fi- nance up to 50 percent of the cost of projects such as stream improvement and construc- tion of fishways, spawning channels, hatcher- ies, and research. The Act authorizes ap- propriation of $25 million through June 30, 1970. Thirty-one States having anadromous fish- ery resources, including Coastal States and those bordering the Great Lakes, are eligible for funds under the new program. The regu- lations spell out requirements for loan eligi- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service [50 CFR Part 401 1 ANADROMOUS FISHERIES CONSER- VATION, DEVELOPMENT AND EN- HANCEMENT Notice of Proposed Rule Making Notice is hereby given that pursuant to the authority vested in the Secre- tary of the Interior by the Anadromous Fish Act of 1965 (P.L. 89-304), it is pro- posed to adopt 50 CFR Part 401 as set forth below. The purpose of these reg- ulations is to set forth procedures to be used by the Secretary in providing fi- nancial and other assistance, through cooperative agreements, to State agencies and other non-Federal inter- ests in the conservation, development and enhancement of the commercial and sport anadromous fisheries resources of the Nation and fishes of the Great Lakes which ascend streams to spawn. On February 14, 1966, a letter and a copy of the proposed regulations were sent concerned State Fishery agencies for their review. Also, on February 14, a letter signed by the Secretary of the Interior was sent the Governor of each State, with a copy of the Anadromous Fish Act, informing them of meetings scheduled as follows for discussion of the proposed regulations: Feb.18 Feb, 24 coordinated to avoid costly duplication. In addition, on February 15 a news re- lease was given wide distribution which, among other things, invited non-Federal interests other than the State fishery agencies to attend the four meetings. These meetings were held as scheduled and were attended by representatives of 20 of the 31 eligible States. Six non- Federal interests other than the States were also present. Reaction to the pro- posed regulations was very favorable and only minor revisions resulted. Program objectives, goals and priori- ties, together with determination to be made of the distribution of funds to eligible grantees require further atten- tion within the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Interested persons may submit written comments, suggestions, or objections with respect to the proposed regulations to the Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries or the Director, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 20240, within 30 days after the date of publica- tion of this notice in the FEpDERAL REGISTER. Sec. 401.1 Definitions. 401.2 Submission of applications. 401.3 Prosecution of work. 401.4 General information for the Secre- tary. 401.5 Availability of funds. 401.6 Payments to cooperators. 401.7 Forms of vouchers. 401.8 Property as matching funds. 401.9 Economy and efficiency of operations. 401.10 Ownership of property. 401.11 Personnel. 401.12 Inspection. Stanley A. Cain, Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks, said the Anad- romous Fish Act will be administered joint- ly by Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries and Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. He said cooperative administration is desirable because the legislation concerns both commercial and sport fishermen. Funds to launch the program have been authorized by Congress. For Fiscal Year 1967, which began July 1, 1966, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife each will have $2.5 million for loans among the 31 eligible states. A ceiling of $1 million has been placed on the amount that can be granted in any one year to.a Single state. Interested persons were given the opportu- nity to submit written comments, suggestions, or objections on the proposed regulations. A notice of Proposed Rule Making as pub- lished in the Federal Register of June 9, 1966, follows: 401.13 Records retention. 401.14 Reporting. 401.15 Safety and accident prevention. 401.16 Contracts. 401.17 Statements and payrolls. 401.18 Officials not to benefit. 401.19 Patents and inventions. 401.20 Convict labor, 401.21 Civil rights. AuTHoRITy: The provisions of this Part 401 issued under P.L. 89-304. § 401.1 Definitions. As used in this part, terms shall have the meanings ascribed in this section. (a) Secretary. The Secretary of the Interior or his authorized representa- tives. (b) Act. Public Law 89-304, the Anadromous Fish Act of 1965. (c) State. Any State of the United States which has had or now contains anadromous fish and the States border- ing the Great Lakes. (d) State fishery agency. Any de- partment(s), division(s) , commission (s) , or official(s) of a State empowered under its laws to administer the commercial or sport fishery. (e) Non-Federal interest. Any orga- nization, association, institution, busi- ness, school, individual or group of in- dividuals, municipality and others out- side the Federal Government in addition to State fishery agencies who desire to cooperate within the terms of the Act. (f) Cooperator. A State fishery agency or other non-Federal interest participating in a cooperative agreement with the Secretary. (g) Anadromous fish. Aquatic, gill breathing, vertebrate animals bearing paired fins which migrate to and spawn 106 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW in fresh water, but which spend part of their life in salt water; also, fish which spend part of their life in the Great Lakes and spawn in streams tributary to the Great Lakes. (h) Cooperative agreement. (1) The documentation describing conservation, development, and enhancement activities to be carried on as provided by the Act. Such agreements shall set forth the re- sponsibilities of the cooperators and the Secretary, the anticipated benefits of the undertaking, the estimated cost to each cooperator, the term of the agreement, disposition of real or personal properties, and such other information as is appro- priate. (2) Cooperative agreements constitute the basis for projects and shall conform to the documentation requirements pre- scribed by the Secretary. (i) Project. Any undertaking involv- ing the conservation, enhancement and development of anadromous fish. A project is established upon execution of a cooperative agreement. § 401.2 Submission of applications. Proposed cooperative agreements shall be submitted to the concerned Regional or Area Office. § 401.3 Prosecution of work. (a) The cooperator shall carry proj- ects through to a stage of completion acceptable to the Secretary with reason- able promptness. Failure to render satisfactory progress reports or failure to complete the project to the satisfac- tion of the Secretary shall be cause for the Secretary to withhold further pay- ments until the project provisions are satisfactorily met. Projects may be terminated upon determination by the Secretary that satisfactory progress has not been maintained. The Secretary shall have the right to inspect and re- view work being done at any time. (b) Research and/or development work shall be continuously coordinated by the cooperator with studies conducted by others to avoid unnecessary duplica- tion. (c) All work shall be performed in accordance with applicable State laws, except when in conflict with Federal laws or regulations, in which case Federal laws or regulations shall prevail. § 401.4 General information for the Sec- retary. Before any Federal funds may be ob- ligated for any project the cooperator shall furnish to the Secretary upon his, request, information regarding the laws affecting anadromous fish and the au- thority of a cooperator to participate in the benefits of the Act. (a) Document signature. Individuals authorized to sign project documents under the Commercial Fisheries Re- search and Development Act or the Fed- eral Aid in Fish Restoration Act may likewise sign cooperative agreements un- der this Act. (b) Program information. The Sec- retary may, from time to time, request, and the cooperators shall furnish, infor- mation relating to the administration and maintenance of any project estab- lished under the Act. § 401.5 Availability of funds. Language appearing in Appropriation Acts providing funds for this program will govern the period during which the funds may be obligated. § 401.6 Payments to cooperators. Payments shall be made to cooperators as work described in cooperative agree- ments progresses and is completed. § 401.7 Forms. of vouchers. Vouchers on forms provided by the Secretary and certified as therein pre- scribed showing amounts expended on each project, and the Federal portion claimed to be due on account thereof, shall be submitted to the Secretary by the cooperator. § 401.8 Property as matching funds. The non-Federal share of the cost of projects may be in the form of real or personal property. To establish the value of such property the cooperator shall furnish such market value ap- praisal information as the Secretary may require prior to execution of a coopera- tive agreement. § 401.9 Economy and efficiency of oper- ations. No cooperative agreement shall be ex- ecuted until the cooperator has shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary that appropriate and adequate means shall be employed to achieve economy and efficiency in the completion of the project. § 401.10 Ownership of property. When real property is acquired pur- suant to the provisions of the Act, title to such property or interest therein shall be vested in the United States, and the conveying instrument shall recite the United States of America as the grantee. However, if the Secretary determines that under the terms of the cooperative agreement, the intent and purpose of the Act may be better served by State owner- ship of such property, an appropriate transfer may be made. When real or personal property is utilized by the State as matching funds, title to such property shall remain in the State. When real or personal property is utilized as match- ing funds by a cooperator other than the State, title shall be in the State unless otherwise specified in the cooperative agreement. § 401.11 Personnel. The cooperator shall maintain an ade- quate and competent force of employees to initiate and carry cooperative agree- ments to satisfactory completion. Per- sonnel employed on projects shall be selected on the basis of their competence to perform the services required and shall conduct their duties in a manner ac- ceptable to the Secretary. § 401.12 Inspection. Supervision of each project shall be as specified in the cooperative agreement and shall include adequate and continu- ous inspection. The project will be sub- ject at all times to Federal inspection. § 401.13 Records retention. All records of accounts and reports, with supporting documentation thereto, will be retained by the cooperator for a period of three years after final audit is made by the Federal Government. Vol. 28, No. 7 § 401.14 Reporting. Progress and final reports shall be sub- mitted to the Secretary by the cooperator in accordance with reporting require- ments prescribed by the Secretary. Re- ports should be in the form of publica- tions whenever appropriate. Progress and final reports will be placed in perma- nent depository for future reference. § 401.15 Safety and accident preven- tion. In the performance of each project, the cooperator shall comply with all ap- plicable Federal, State and local laws governing safety, health and sanitation. The cooperator shall be responsible for ascertaining that all safeguards, safety devices and protective equipment are provided. The cooperator will take any other needed actions reasonably neces- sary to protect the life and health of em- ployees on the job, the safety of the pub- lic, and the protection of property used in connection with the performance of the work covered by plans, specifications, and estimates relating to the project. § 401.16 Contracts. Supply, service, equipment and con- struction contracts, other than research and development contracts and contracts for professional services, involving an expenditure of $2,500 or more entered into by a cooperator for the execution of approved project activities, shall be based upon free and open competitive bids. If a contract is awarded to other than the lowest responsible bidder, the payment of the Federal portion of the cost of the project shall be based on the lowest responsible bid, unless it is satisfactorily shown that it was advantageous to the project to accept a higher bid. Upon request, the cooperator shall certify and promptly furnish to the Secretary a copy of each contract executed and copies of all bids received concerning the contract. Contracts for research, development and professional services may be negotiated, provided that the Secretary is satisfied that adequate steps are taken to insure economical and efficient services and the impartial selection of contractors. § 401.17 Statements and payrolls. The regulations of the Secretary of Labor applicable to contractors and sub- contractors (29 CFR Part 3), made pur- suant to the Copeland Act, as amended (40 U.S.C. 276c), and to aid in the en- forcement of the Anti-Kickback Act (18 U.S.C. 874) are made a part of the regu- lations in this part by reference. The cooperator will comply with the regula- tions in this part and any amendments or modifications thereof and the coop- erator’s prime contractor will be respon- sible for the submission of statements required of subcontractors thereunder. The foregoing shall apply except as the Secretary of Labor may specifically pro- vide for reasonable limitation, variations, tolerances, and exemptions. § 401.18 Officials not to benefit. No Member of, or Delegate to, Con- gress, or Resident Commissioner, shall be admitted to any share or any part of an agreement, or to any benefit that may arise therefrom; but this provision shall not be construed to extend to this agree- ment if made with a corporation for its general benefit. July 1966 § 401.19 Patents and inventions, Determination of the patent rights in any inventions or discoveries resulting from work under cooperative agreements entered into pursuant to the Act shall be governed by the Statement of Gov- ernment Patent Policy promulgated by the President in his memorandum of Oc- tober 10, 1963 (3 CFR, 1963 Supp., p. 238, 28 F.R. 10943). § 401.20 Convict labor. In connection with the performance of work, the cooperator agrees not to employ any person undergoing sentence of im- prisonment at hard labor. § 401.21 Civil rights. Each cooperative agreement shall con- tain a statement of assurance executed by the cooperator providing that the project will be carried out in accordance with Title VI, Nondiscrimination in Fed- erally Assisted Programs, of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and with the Secre- tary’s regulations promulgated there- under. Stewart L. UDALL, Secretary of the Interior. Public bills and resolu- tions which may directly or indirectly affect the fisher- ies and allied industries are reported upon. Intro- duction, referral to com- mittees, pertinent legisla- * tive actions by the House and Senate, as well as signature into law or other final disposition are covered. COMMERCIAL FISHERY RESOURCES SURVEY: Survey of Fishery Resources: Hearing before the Sub- -committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of the ‘Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, 89th Congress, 2nd session, on S.J. Res. 29, a joint resolu- tion to authorize and direct the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries to conduct a survey of the marine and fresh- water commercial fishery resources of the United States, its territories and possessions, April 19, 1966, Serial No. 89-50, 37 pp., printed. Contents include comments, statements and letters of various agencies, Federal and State officials. Senate Committee on Commerce, May 17, 1966, in executive session, ordered favorably reported, with a- mendment, S. J. Res. 29. Senate June 2, 1966, reported (S. Rept. 1202), with amendments, S. J. Res. 29. Senate June 7, 1966, passed, with committee amend- ments, S. J. Res. 29. The title was amended so as to read: ‘Joint resolution to authorize and direct the Sec- retary of the Interior to conduct a survey of coastaland COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 107 fresh-water commercial fishery resources of the Unit- ed States, its territories, and possessions.’ The text of S. J. Res. 29 as passed, is printed in Congressional Record, June 7, 1966 (pp. 11880-11851), together with an excerpt from the committee report (No. 1202) ex- plaining the purpose of the resolution. Senate-passed bill, S. J. Res. 29, June 8, 1966, was referred to House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Sen. Tower spoke in the Senate (Congressional Rec- ord, June 8, 1966, p. 12047), commending the Commit- tee on Commerce for reporting S. J. Res. 29. Hestated that it is hoped that this legislation which passed June 7, 1966, will enable the Bureau of Commercial Fisher- ies to produce a report which will better enable our do- mestic fishermen to take advantage of our enormous marine resources. COMMODITY PACKAGING AND LABELING: Senate Committee on Commerce, May 13, 1966, in executive session, ordered favorably reported (in nature of a sub- stitute bill) S. 985, proposed Fair Packaging and Label- ing Act of 1966. H. R. 15102 (Love) introduced in House May 17, 1966, to Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. S. Rept. 1186, Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (May 25,1966, report from the Committee on Commerce, to- gether with minority and individual views, U.S. Senate, 89th Congress, 2nd session, to accompany S. 985), 44pp., printed. Committee reported bill favorably with amend- ment. Discusses purpose, background and need, regu- latory framework, mandatory provisions, discretionary sections, State-Federal relations, costs, agency com- ments, consumer interests, fair packaging and labeling, changes in existing law. Senate May 26, 1966, reported during adjournment on May 25 under prior authorization (S. Rept. 1186) on S. 985, with amendment, and with minority and individual views. At conclusion of early morning session June 6, 1966, S. 985 came down as Senate's unfinished business but was again temporarily put aside. Senate June 8, 1966, continued its consideration of S. 985, taking the following actions on amendments offered to committee amendment (in nature of a substitute for the bill): Adopted: Lausche amendment providing that defini- tions promulgated by Administrator of Pure Food and Drug Act, describing composition of certain consumer products, shall be controlling upon the administrator of the program embodied in the bill; and Monroney amend- ment providing that no regulation adopted under this leg- islation shall preclude the orderly disposal of packages in inventory or with the trade as of the effective date of the regulation; and Rejected: (motion to reconsider tabled) Cotton a- mendment to eliminate language in the bill to establish procedures for the development of standards of weights or quantities for the retail distribution of consumer commodities. Offered but as yet unacted on was Morton amendment providing that the owner of a brand, name, or trademark shall be deemed to retain his property rights therein, 108 and in the trade and public good will symbolized there- by, regardless of any sale or transfer of the goods to which such brand, name or trademark related. Senate June 9, 1966, passed with amendment Ss. 985. ESTUARINE INVESTIGATIONS: Sen. Tydings in- serted in Congressional Record, June 1, 1966 (pp. 11397- 11398), an article written by Eric Wentworth, which appeared in the May 1,1966, edition of the Washington Post, stressing the danger of pollution in our Nation's estuaries. The article stated that Sen. Tyding's bill, S. 3240, calling on the Interior Department to make a 3-year, $3 million comprehensive study of estuaries and their problem, is a concrete step that would focus attention on estuaries as a special problem. The arti- cle stressed the importance of our Nation's estuaries as areas for recreation as well as important sources of food and a livelihood for many people, and urged that ways be found of stopping the further pollution of these areas. The Subcommittee on Fish and Wildlife Conservation of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish- eries will hold hearing June 16, 1966, on H.R. 13447, to authorize the Secretary of the Interior in cooperation with the States to preserve, protect, develop, restore, and make accessible estuarine areas of the Nation which are valuable for sport and commercial fishing, wildlife conservation, recreation and scenic beauty. FISH AND WILDLIFE COORDINATION ACT AMEND- MENTS: Subcommittee on Fish and Wildlife of House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries May 13, 1966, continued hearings on H.R. 9492, to amend the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act fo provide adequate notice and opportunity for the Secretary of the Interior and State fish and wildlife agencies to conduct studies on the ef- fects of projects licensed by Federal agencies on fish and wildlife resources; H.R. 14414, to amend the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act to make it applicable to the Atomic Energy Commission, the Federal Power Com- mission, and to permittees and licensees of such com- missions; and H.R. 14455, to repeal section 9 of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act. Testimony was heard from Dr. Stanley A. Cain, Assistant Secretary, Fish and Wildlife and Parks, Department of the Interior. FISHERIES: Sen. Bartlett inserted in Congressional Record, June 9, 1966 (pp. 12147-12148), an address giv- en by DeWitt Gilbert, editor of Pacific Fisherman mag- azine and a member of the International Pacific Salmon Commission, before the Chamber of Commerce of Asto- ria, Oreg. Mr. Gilbert spoke of the great number of na- tions which have established 12-mile territorial fishing zones; of international agreements designed to protect fish resources against shortsighted overexploitation; and of the individual's resource responsibility. FISHERMEN'S PROTECTIVE ACT AMENDMENT: H.R. 15362 (Van Deerlin) introduced in House May Sie 1966, to amend the act of August 27, 1954, relating to the seizure of vessels of the United States by foreign coun- tries; to Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. FISHERY CONSERVATION: Sen. Magnuson inserted in Congressional Record, June 1, 1966 (pp. 11451- 11452), the text of an editorial which appeared in an issue of the British fishery trade journal, Fishing News International titled ''Peru, Fish Meal and the End of An Era. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 FISHERY JURISDICTION: Sen. Magnuson spoke in the Senate (Congressional Record, May 19, 1966, pp. 10501-10506), of his overall concern for the conserva- tion of world fishery resources. He inserted in the Record an editorial from an issue of the British fishery trade publication Fishing News International, titled "Fishing Limits and the ee Fisherman.’ The ed- torial compared some of the problems of the Pacific Coast of the United States with those of South Africa, In summation, Senator Magnuson stated that the United States must take world leadership in assembling the coastal and fishing nations to determine the proper con- servation regime. FISHING LIMIT OF 12 MILES: Introduced in House H.R. 15030 (St. Germain) May 12, and H.R. 15191 (Rogers) May 23, 1966, to establish a contiguous fisher- ies zone beyond the territorial sea of the United States; to Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Rep. St. Germain in extension of his remarks (Congressional Record, May 12, 1966, p. 10016), stated this legislation Will serve to protect our fishermen from foreign fisher- men operating in our coastal waters; enhance our fish- ermen to extend their operations and further develop the fishing industry as a whole; and, enable us to exer- cise conservative measures in the highly productive coastal waters. The Subcommittee on Merchant Marine and Fisher- ies of Senate Committee on Commerce held hearings May 18, 1966, on S.2218. Having as witnesses Clarence Pautzke, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Fish and Wildlife and Parks, and others. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries held hearings May 24 and 25 on H.R. 9531 and H.R. 14961. Subcommittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of Senate Committee on Commerce May 20, 1966, contin- ued its hearings on S. 2218. Testimony was heard from public witnesses, and the hearings were recessed sub- ject to call. Rep. Rogers spoke in the House (Congressional Rec- ord, May 23, 1966, p. 10589) and stated that estimates of the Department of the Interior show that with more emphasis and incentives the American fishing industry could take 5 to 6 times more fish than are presently be- ing taken by U.S. fishermen, who have slipped to the point of catching less than half of the U.S. catch of 20 years ago. He further stated that of this increase, 65 percent could come from fish taken 12 miles off the U.S. shoreline and if American fishermen do not take them foreign interests will. Stated our national interests de- mand that legislation be enacted to extend the U.S. lim- its to 12 miles. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conserva- tion of House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish- eries held a hearing on H.R. 9531, and related bills, H.R. 9530, and H.R. 14961. Among others testimony was heard from Frank J. Barry, Solicitor, Department of the Interior. Hearings were continued on June 1. Testimony was heard from witnesses of the Department of the Interior. Senate Committee on Commerce, June 7, 1966, in ex- ecutive session, ordered favorably reported with amend- ments S. 2218. July 1966 FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE PLANTS: Senate received May 12, 1966, a joint resolution of the Legis- lature of the State of California memorializing the Congress to enact legislation at the earliest possible date to authorize construction of experimental fish pro- tein concentrate plants. Senate Committee on Commerce held hearings May 16, 1966, on S. 2720, to authorize development of a practical means for production of fish protein concen- trate. Hearings continued. H.R. 15099 (Hathaway) introduced in House May 17, 1966, to Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Sen. Bartlett inserted in Congressional Record, June 1, 1966 (pp. 11394-11397), a speech given by Sen. Magnuson on Apr. 25, in Aberdeen, Wash., at hearings conducted on S. 2720. FOREIGN FISHING OFF U.S. COAST: Sen. Magnu- son spoke in the Senate (Congressional Record, May 16, 1966, pp. 10166-10169) and stated there is growing concern over the threat to national security posed by Soviet fishing fleets off our coasts and inserted in the Record the text of a number of telegrams he received from citizens of Washington expressing such concern. He planned to have Navy witnesses appear at hearings on §S. 2218, a bill to establish a contiguous fishery zone beyond the territorial sea of the United States, so as to ascertain the correctness of quotations which appeared in the March 1966 Navy magazine which told of Soviet Union trawlers placing homing devices on our Conti- nental Shelf seabed. He presented a program of 11 principles as a method of achievement toward national security and fishery protection. Sen. Morse inserted in Congressional Record, May 16, 1966 (pp. 10169-10171), the text of a letter from the State Department dated May 9, in answer to his letter of Apr. 25, on the subject. Also inserted text of a let- ter on the subject from the Director, Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, dated May 2, 1966, in reply to his letter of Apr. 25. Rep. Rogers spoke inthe Senate (Congressional Rec- ord, May 18, 1966 (pp. 10377-10378), and expressed his ‘concern about Russian oceanographic vessels opera- ting in waters near the coast of Florida. He urged the Defense Department to give higher priority to this Na- tion's efforts to win the ''wet space race," Sen. Magnuson spoke in the Senate (Congress) . Record, May 19, 1966, p. 10509), concerning stati Men’s made on the Senate floor on the danger of "homir&” vices'' which a Navy magazine article charged wy ~~ found by the U.S. Navy on our Continental Shelf aie according to the author were placed there by the Soviet trawl fleet. He inserted the text of a resolution he re- ceived from the King County Television Service Associ- ation, Inc., expressing deep concern as to the potential dangers of such devices. Rep. Keith in extension of his remarks inserted in Congressional Record, May 25, 1966 (p. A2838), an ar- ticle from the May 21, 1966, edition of the Boston Her- ald titled "United States to Seek An End To Red Over- fishing" by Paul Giguere. Sen. Magnuson inserted in Congressional Record May 27, 1966 (pp. 11212-11215), anaffidavit concerning the taking of salmon by foreign fishing vessels off the Washington and Oregon coasts. He stated that the U. S. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 109 should declare an immediate conservation moratorium on foreign fishing on the stocks of salmon and Pa- cific hake until such time as the conservation re- quirements of those stocks can be determined. Senate June 6, 1966, received a joint resolution from the Legislature of the State of California memo- rializing Congress to take the necessary action to en- sure adequate protection to the marine resources of California, to step up the program to monitor the ac- tivities of Soviet vessels off the Pacific Coast, and to keep the State fully informed of such activities. The resolution was referred to Committee on Commerce, Sen. Jackson inserted in Congressional Record, June 1, 1966 (pp. 11461-11463), an article from the May 28, 1966, issue of the Everett Herald titled ''Russ Roulett: Fishing at Stake’ by Alan Dawson, Jr. and an article from the May 1966 issue of the Pacific Fisherman titled ''Big Soviet Bottomfish Fleet Fishes Off Coast of Washington and Oregon." FUR SEAL CONSERVATION AND PRIBILOF IS- LANDS ADMINISTRATION: The Senate Committee on Commerce, May 17, 1966, in executive session, ordered reported favorably with an amendment in the nature of a substitute, S. 2102, a bill to protect and conserve the North Pacific fur seals, and to administer the Pribilof Islands for the conservation of fur seals and other wild- life. On June 9, 1966, the Committee reported the bill S. Rept. 1235. GREEK-TURKISH ECONOMIC REPORT--FISHER- IES: Sen. Javits inserted in Congressional Record, June 1, 1966 (pp. 11373-11376), a report he submitted to the Special Committee on Less Developed NATO Countries on May 12, 1966, concerning status of the project for Greek-Turkish economic cooperation. Fish- eries was one of the projects listed in the report. INTERIOR APPROPRIATIONS FY 1967: Senate May 12, 1966, passed (motion to reconsider tabled) H.R. 14215, fiscal 1967 appropriations for the Department of the Interior and related agencies, after adopting com- mittee amendments en bloc which were then considered as original text for purpose of further amendment; and a technical perfecting amendment by Senator Bible re- specting fisheries conservation. Senate insisted on its amendments, asked for conference with House, and ap- pointed conferees. House May 16, 1966, disagreed to Senate amend- ments to H.R. 14215, agreed to a conference with the Senate, and appointed conferees. The Committee on Conference filed a conference re- port on H.R. 14215 (H. Rept. 1538). Text of the report is printed in Congressional Record, May 17, 1966 (pp. 10314-10316), together with a statement by the man- agers on the part of the House. The Committee on Conference's recommendations on the Senate amendments which pertain to the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: Amendment No. 18. Appropriates $20,701,000 for management and investigations of resources instead of $20,312,000 as proposed by the House and $21,076,000 as proposed by the Senate. The increase over the House bill includes: $90,000 for tail water research and ex- pansion of biological investigation, disappearance of mi- grating fish, upper reaches of the Columbia River Ba- sin; and $50,000 for expanded development of the Pacif- ic Hake Fishery program. 110 Amendment No. 19. Appropriates $2,675,900 for Anadromous and Great Lakes fisheries conservation as proposed by the Senate, and deletes language ''To re- main available until expended." House May 18, 1966, adopted the conference report on H. R. 14215. A summary tabulation of the action taken on the various items in the bill was inserted in the Record (p. 10379). Senate May 19, 1966, adopted the conference report on H. R. 14215, thus clearing the bill for the Presi- dent's signature. A tabulation was inserted in the Rec- ord setting out the appropriation for the current year, the budget estimate, the House allowance, the Senate allowance and the conference allowance for each ap- propriation in the bill. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 H. Rept. 1538, Department of the Interior and Re- lated Agencies Appropriations, 1967 (May 17, 1966, re- ported from the Committee of Conference, U. S. House of Representatives, 89th Congress , 2nd session, to ac- company H. R. 14215), 11 pp., printed. Committee rec- ommended that the Senate recede from certain amend- ments and that the House recede from its disagree- ments to other amendments of the Senate. Some of the amendments concerned funds of the two Bureaus of the Fish and Wildlife Service: Commercial Fisheries and Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. S. Rept. 1154, Interior Department and Related Agen- cies Appropriation Bill, 1967 (May 10, 1966, report from the Committee on Appropriations, U. S. Senate, 89th Congress, 2nd session, to accompany H. R. 14215), 50 pp., printed. Committee submitted report in expla- Fish and Wildlife Service Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1967: Budget Estimate, the House Allowance, the Senate Allowance, and the Conference Allowance. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND WILDLIFE Salaries and expenses. ...-+.+.e- Mgt. and invest. of resources. . » Mgt. and invest. of resources (appropriation of receipts)... » Mgt. and invest. of resources (spec. for, currency program). Construction. «2. s see eee Construction of fishing vessels . Fed, aid for commercial fisheries research and development Anadromous & Great Lakes Fisheries Conservation. » .. «sss Gen. administrative expenses. . .. « Administration of Pribilof Islands (indefinite appropriation of receipts) Limitation on administrative expenses, fisheries loan fund... eo oe Mgt. & invest. of resources. .++ceesrece Construction . . se». e Migratory bird conservation account ....- Appalachian region fish and wildlife restoration projects ...seeccscecrsee Anadromous & Great Lakes Fisheries Conservation. . oe.eeseseseee Gen, administrative expenses. . Total, Fish and Wildlife Service «2s. seeeeecevevee Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Ap- propriations for Fiscal Year 1967: Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, U- nited States Senate, Eighty-Ninth Congress, 2nd session on H. R. 14215, Part 1 (pages 1 through 1099) (Thurs., Feb. 17, 1966, through Mar. 3, 1966) and Part 2 (pages 1101 to end) (Friday, Mar. 4, 1966, through Wed., Mar. 16, 1966), 2288 pp., printed. Included are testimony, statements and exhibits relating to funds for the Fish and Wildlife Service, and its two Bureaus, Commercial Fisheries and Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. 300, 000 1,980, 000 5,000, 000 4,713, 689, (2, 464, (309, 000) 36,792, 18, 299, 7,500, 000 1,492, 99,291,300 | 77,423,000 | 81,349,000. | 92,187,000 | 89,558,400 Budget Est. 1967 20,092,000 | 20,312,000 | 21,076,000 | 20,701,000 (1,000,000) | (1,000,000) | (1,000,000)} (1,000, 000) 200, 000 495, 000 3, 300, 000 500, 000 1,245, 000 3, 000, 000 500, 000 1,245,000 3, 000, 000 500, 000 1,245, 100 3, 000, 000 200 | 3,210,000 | 4,710,000 | 4,710,000 | 4,710,000 2, 675,000 739, 000 2, 675,000 000 739, 000 739, 000 739, 000 000) | (2,468,000) | (2,468,000) | (2,468,000)} (2, 468, 000) (309, 000) (309, 000) (309, 000) (309, 000) 300 200 37, 304, 000 3, 169, 000 6, 000, 000 37, 164, 000 5, 130, 000 6, 000, 000 39, 161, 400 8, 341, 600 6, 000, 000 38, 145, 800 7, 118, 600 6, 000, 000 1,350,000 | 1,000,000 500, 000 500, 000 2, 675, 000 1,564,000 2, 675, 000 1,549,000 1,549, 000 300 1,564, 000 nation of the bill (includes the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and its two Bureaus: Commercial Fisheries and Sport Fisheries and Wildlife) for fiscal year 1967. On May 31, 1966, the President signed into law, H. R. 14215 (Public Law 89-435). MINIMUM WAGE: House May 26, 1966, passed H. R. 13712, to amend the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to extend its protection to additional employees, to raise the minimum wage, and for other purposes. House re- July 1966 jected an amendment offered by Rep. Downing (Congres- sional Record, May 26, 1966, pp. 11046-11094) which would exempt the shellfish industry from the provisions of the minimum wage law. He stated that application of the minimum wage to the shellfish industry in 1961 has forced the industry into a severe economic crisis. Many shellfish businesses have had to close down over the past 5 years because they were unable to pay the statutory costs; and serious unemployment has resulted throughout the industry because so many firms have been forced to lay off employees. Same day Rep. Len- non spoke in the House in support of this amendment. House passed-bill H. R. 13712, was referred May 27, 1966, to Senate Committee on Labor and Public Wel- fare. Subcommittee on Labor of Senate Committee on La- bor of Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, June 8, 1966, met in executive session to consider H.R. 13712. NATIONAL SEA GRANT COLLEGES AND PROGRAM ACT OF 1965: Introduced in House H. R. 15052 (Bates) and H, R. 15061 (O'Hara of Ill.) May 16; H. R. 15261 (Fascell) and H. R. 15290 (Grover) May 26, 1966, to a- mend the National Science Foundation of 1950, as a- mended, so as to authorize the establishment and oper- ation of sea-grant colleges and programs by initiating and supporting programs of education, training, and research in the marine sciences and a program of ad- visory services relating to activities in the marine sci- ences, to facilitate the use of submerged lands of the Outer Continental Shelf by participants carrying out these programs, and for other purposes; to Committee on Science and Astronautics. Special Subcommittee on Sea Grant College of Sen- ate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare May 19, 1966, met in executive session to consider S. 2439, but did not conclude action thereon, and recessed sub- ject to call. Rep. Fascell spoke in the House (Congressional Rec- ord, May 25, 1966, p. 10863) and stated that this bill ‘Supplements the oceanography bill, S. 944, by providing the trained manpower required to tackle the practical problems before us in oceanography. It will support educational and research programs in the marine sci- ences; encourage and develop a viable transfer of in- formation; facilitate use of submerged lands of the Outer Continental Shelf; and finally encourage and fa- cilitate development of regional centers of excellence in the various fields of marine sciences. At one point Rep. Fascell stated that under the sea grant college bill, we will be more capable of coping with the problems confronting industry, especially fishing and shipping. Special Subcommittee of House Committee on Labor and Public Welfare June 1, 1966, met in executive ses- sion, approved for full committee consideration with amendments S. 2439. Sen. Bartlett spoke in the Senate (Congressional Rec- ord, June 9, 1966, p. 12139), endorsing S. Hema, stated that this bill provides us with a meaningful sys- tem whereby the benefits of our learning can be trans- ferred to the fishing and resource development indus- tries. NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION: Senate Commit- tee on Interior and Insular Affairs May 16, 1966, began COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 111 hearings on S. 3107, establishing a National Water Com- mission to review national water resource problems, with testimony from Stewart L. Udall, Secretary of the Interior. Hearings continued May 17, 1966, recessed subject to call. H. R. 15110 (Foley) introduced in House May 17, 1966, to Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs June 8, 1966, reported (S. Rept. 1212), with amendments, S. 3107. Senate June 9, 1966, passed, with amendments S. 3107. * OCEANOGRAPHIC AGENCY OR COUNCIL: Rep. Rogers spoke in the House (Congressional Record, May 19, 1966, p. 10560), and stated that a high level U. N. Commission has urged that the United Nations assert ownership over the high seas and sea floor as a means of independent income for the organization. He stated that the United States must assert its leadership to see that the question of title to the high seas is resolved in such a way as to protect our own sovereignty, and en- courage the development of ocean exploration. He also stated that the conference report will be available shortly on S. 944, the proposed Marine Resource and Engineering Development Act, and that he is hopeful that once the bill is enacted, the Presidential Commis- sion on Oceanography will begin an immediate examina- tion on the legal aspects of ownership of materials gained from high sea and undersea exploration. ry Mi t * Committee on Conference May 24, 1966, reported the , conference (H. Rept. 1548) on S. 944, the proposed Ma- rine Resources and Engineering Development Act of 1966. The text of the report is printed in Congressional Record, May 24, 1966 (pp. 10728-10731). The Conference Committee in effect recommended abill which contains a declaration of policy and objectives as contained in the House version of S. 944; which provides for a Cabinet-lev- el Council with the Vice President as Chairman as contain- ~ ed in the Senate version except that the provisions of the Act concerning the Council shall expire 120 days after the submission of the report by the Commission; and which provides for a self-liquidating Commission on Marine Science, Engineering, and Resources. The Commission is to have 15 members with 4 additional advisory mem- bers appointed by the President from the Senate and House. The Commission is to report to the President via the Coun- cil, and to the Congress, not later than 18 months after its creation and shall cease to exist 30 days after submission of its report. House May 26, 1966, adopted the conference report on S. 944, H. Rept. 1548, Marine Resources and Engineering Development Act of 1966 (May 24, 1966, report from the Committee of Conference, House of Representatives, 89th Congress, 2nd session, to accompany S, 944), 9 pp., printed. Committee recommended that Senate recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the House and agree to same with an amendment. Discusses dec- laration of policy and objectives. Senate June 2, 1966, adopted conference report on and cleared for President S. 944. Supporting remarks and statements from others inserted in Record. Rep. Reinecke in extension of remarks (Congression- al Record, June 6, 1966, pp. A3039-A3040) summarizing the provisions of S. 944, pointed out that enactment of 4 x bs 112 S. 944, would provide the national marine science pro- gram with a legislative base, a legislative commit- ment of policy and purpose, and a statutory body to plan, evaluate, and coordinate such a program. OCEANOGRAPHY: Senate May 19, 1966, received a communication from the President of the United States, transmitting the National Oceanographic Pro- gram for fiscal year 1967 (with accompanying report); referred to Committee on Commerce. Resolution was received in the Senate May 19, 1966, which was adopted by the 75th Continental Congress, National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, Apr. 18-22, 1966. The resolution commended the Con- gress, industry and scientific institutions for the de- velopment in this field and encouraged even more con- certed effort to train the scientists and technicians necessary for the expansion of an educational program of oceanography, marine mining, aqua culture and re- lated fields; referred to Committee on Armed Services. Sen. Magnuson inserted in Congressional Record, May 23, 1966 (pp. 10647-10648), an address given May 11 by Rear Adm, Odale D. Waters, Jr., Oceanographer of the Navy, before the Third Military Oceanography Symposium in San Diego, titled ''Navy Oceanography-- What and Why." In his address, Admiral Waters pre- dicted tighter direction of spending, and greater orien- tation toward the production of practical results in the Government-supported oceanographic program, citing the importance of fisheries and ocean mining capabili- ties along with expansion of military capability. In extension of his remarks Rep. Rogers inserted in Congressional Record, May 31, 1966 (pp. A2947-A2949), a speech delivered by Sec. of the Navy Hon. Paul H. Nitze, before the annual National Convention of the Navy League on May 27, 1966. Sec. Nitze's remarks concerned the future of oceanography. OYSTER PLANTERS LOAN: H.R. 15389 (McGrath) introduced in House June 1, 1966, to extend the benefits of the Consolidated Farmers Home Administration Act to oyster planters; to Committee on Agriculture. RESEARCH CONTRACTS: Introduced in House H. R. 15316 (Aspinall) May 26, and in the Senate, S. 3460 (Jack son) June 6, 1966, to authorize the Secretary of the In- terior to enter into contracts for scientific and techno- logical research, and for other purposes; to Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. SEA GRANT COLLEGES: Introduced in House, H.R. 15192 (Rogers of Fla.) May 23, H. R. 15471 (Lennon) June 6, and H. R. 15569 (Garmatz) June 8, 1966, to a- mend title II of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, to au- thorize the establishment and operation of sea grant colleges and certain education, training, and research programs; to Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish- eries. Rep. Rogers inserted in Congressional Record, May 27, 1966 (pp. A2914-A2915), an editorial which ap- peared in the May6, 1966, issue Palm Beach Post titled ‘Sea Grant Colleges.'' Among other things, the editori- al covered the Florida Atlantic University's unique pro- gram of ocean engineering--the first undergraduate o- cean engineering program in the free world. Speaking in the House Rep. Garmatz pointed out in Congressional Record, June 8, 1966 (pp. 12013-12014), COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 that this legislation will encourage this Nation's scien- tific, industrial, and educational facilities to accelerate their involvement in marine technology. He stated that the United States and the Soviet Union are competing for mastery of the seas and that a program of sea grant colleges must be initiated to correct any imbal- ances in America's ranks of marine scientists and tech- nicians. The Subcommittee on Oceanography of House Com- mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries held hearings June 17, 1966, on H. R. 15192, H. R. 15471, and H. R. 15569. SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FY 1966 (2nd): H. Rept. 1476, Second Supplemental Appropriation Bill, 1966 (May 5, 1966, report from the Committee of Con- ference, House of Representatives, 89th Congress, 2nd session, to accompany H. R. 14012), 6 pp., printed. Committee reported bill favorably with amendments. On. May 13, 1966, the President signed into law H. R. 14012 (P. L. 89-426). TERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONE CON- VENTION: Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries have scheduled hearings for May 24 and 25 on H. R. 9530, to protect fishery and other resources by implementing the Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone. TERRITORIAL WATERS EXTENSION: H.R. 15278 tend the area within which certain foreign vessels (and the masters thereof) are prohibited from fishing; and to make domestic conservation laws applicable to for- eign vessels (and masters thereof) fishing above the Continental Shelf, to the same extent that such laws are applicable to U. S. vessels; to Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Rep. St. Germain spoke in the House (Congressional Record, May 25, 1966, pp. 10905- 10906), and stated that in addition to the establishment of a 9-mile fisheries zone - extending from our 3-mile territorial sea - it is necessary that we establish a corm servation zone contiguous to the 9-mile fisheries zone and extending over the Continental Shelf, or to a depth of 200 meters. Thus, all foreign fishermen operating in our coastal waters within the 100 fathom line will be subjected to the same conservation measures as are our own fishermen. This legislation will enable us to: first, effectively control fishing within our coastal wa- ters; second, enhance rather than impair the efforts of our fishermen to expand their catch; third, take proper conservative action to insure that our future demands for fish are met; and fourth, will ultimately allow us to take our proper place in the world fish industry. TRADE AGREEMENT: Sen. Douglas inserted in Congressional Record, June 6, 1966 (pp. 11770-11772), the text of a letter he received from Christian Herter, Special Representative of the President for Trade Nego- tiations, expressing the views of his office on the Amer- ican selling price (ASP) system as it relates to the Ken- nedy Round of trade negotiations in Geneva. TRADE EXPANSION ACT AMENDMENT (GATT): Rep. Curtis, member of fhe Congressional delegation, inserted in Congressional Record, May 31, 1966 (pp. 11280-11293), a report on the sixth Kennedy Round of Trade Negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The report reviews some of the ma- July 1966 jor problems of the present negotiations. He stated that the problem of fisheries in international trade will be discussed in a second section to this report. U. S. VESSELS FISHING OF F FOREIGN COASTS: Sen. Kuchel spoke in the Senate (Congressional Rec- ord, May 24, 1966, pp. 10686-10687), and stated it ~ ‘Should be made abundantly clear that the United States will bar further assistance to nations which hinder op- eration of U. S. fishing vessels on the high seas. Rep. Wilson inserted in Congressional Record, May 25, 1966 (p. 10881), an editorial which appeared in the May 22, 1966, edition of the San Diego Union concerning U. S. fishing in foreign territorial waters. H. R. 15378 (Wilson) introduced in House May 31, 1966, to amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to provide for a method of reimbursing owners of certain fishing vessels which are subjected to harassment by ~fficials of countries of South and Central America; to Committee on Foreign Affairs. VESSEL MEASUREMENT: House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries June 7, 1966, reported (H. HEP 1618) on S. 2142, to simplify the admeasure- ment of small vessels; without amendment; referred to Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. WATER POLLUTION CONTROL: H. R. 15106 (Stal- baum) introduced in House May 17, 1966, to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act in order to im- prove the programs under such act; to Committee on Public Works. In extension of his remarks Rep. King inserted in Congressional Record, June 1, 1966 (pp. A2962-A2963), a recent editorial from the Salt Lake Tribune titled "Now To Get Clean Water Program in Gear.” The arti- cle outlines moves that have been taken since the re- sponsibilities for water pollution control were shifted from HEW to the Interior Department. WATER RESOURCE PROPOSALS--FEASIBILITY INVESTIGATIONS: Subcommittee on Irrigation and Reclamation of House Committee on Interior and Insu- lar Affairs May 19, 1966, met in executive session and considered H. R. 13419, to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to engage in feasibility investigations of certain water resource development proposals. No fi- nal action was taken. Subcommittee on Irrigation and Reclamation of House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs met May 31, 1966, in executive session and approved for full committee action H. R. 13419 (amended). House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs June 8, 1966, met in open session and considered H. R. 13419. No final action was taken. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 113 WORLD HUNGER ACT: (H.R. 14929, 14939, 14945), In these bills, which were introduced on May 9, 1966, it is to be noted that the definition of ‘agricultural com- modity'’ reads: ''. . . to include any product of an agri- cultural commodity. Subject to the availability of ap- propriations therefor, any domestically produced fishery product (not including fish concentrate until approved by the Food and Drug Administration) may be made available under this.'' Inthe oldversion of the bill, H. R. 12785, the term ‘agricultural commodity"! was used only to include any product of an agricultural commodity, House Committee on Agriculture May 18, 1966, met in executive session and ordered reported favorably to the House H. R. 14929 (amended). Rep. Harvey inserted in Congressional Record, May 25, 1966 (pp. 10879-10880), an article from the Chris- tian Science Monitor of May 25, 1966, titled ''Strategy Strings Assailed in Food-For-Freedom Program." House May 27, 1966, reported (H. Rept. 1558) with a- mendments H. R. 14929, the proposed Food-for-Free- dom Act of 1966. : H. Rept. 1558, The Food-For-Freedom Act of 1966 (May 27, 1966), report from the Committee on Agricul- ture, House of Representatives, 89th Congress, 2nd ses- sion, to accompany H.R. 14929), 109 pp., printed. Com- mittee reported bill favorably with amendments. Dis- cusses purposes and major prov’sions of the bill. House Committee on Rules June 2, 1966, reported H. J. Res. 878, a resolution providing for the considera- tion of, 4 hours of debate on, and waiving points of or- der against H. R. 14929 (H. Rept. 1603). House June 8, 1966, adopted H. Res. 878, a resolu- tion providing for the consideration of H. R. 14929, the proposed Food-For-Freedom Act of 1966. During con- sideration of the bill, Rep. Cooley inserted in Congres- sional Record, June 8, 1966 (pp. 11976-11988), a brief summary and explanation of the bill. Rep. Rhodes in- serted in the Record the policy statement regarding H. R. 14929 which was adopted by the Republican Policy Committee on June 7, 1966. House concluded all gener - al debate on the bill, and it will be open for amendments on Thursday, June 9. House June 9, 1966, passed, with amendments, H. R. 14929. The House adopted the amendment offered by Rep. Pike, which would allow fish concentrate to be included in the bill without the existing stipulation that itfirst must be approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Note: REPORT ON FISHERY ACTIONS IN 89TH CONGRESS: The U. S. Depart- ment of the Interior's Bureau of Commercial! Fisheries has issued a leaflet on the status of most legislation of interest to commercial fisheries at the end of the 1st session of the 89th Congress. For copies of MNL-3 - "Legislative Actions Affecting Commercial Fisheries, 89th Congress, Ist Session 1965," write to the Fishery Market News Service, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 N. Fort Myer Diive, Rm. 510, Arlington, Va. 22209. 114 FISHERY PUBLICATIONS rT a a a) PE PEE TCL ae a ne FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. WASHING- TON, D. C. 20402. TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOL- LOWS: CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES FL - FISHERY LEAFLETS. SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW. Number Title CFS-4070 - New Jersey Landings, 1965 Annual Sum- mary, 10 pp. CFS-4077 - New York Landings, 1965 AnnualSummary, 12 pp. CFS-4093 - Maine Landings, January 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4102 - New York Landings, February 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4105 - Maine Landings, 1965 Annual Summary, 21 pp. CFS-4106 - Mississippi River Fisheries, 1964 Annual Summary, 13 pp. CFS-4107 - New Jersey Landings, February 1966, 3 pp. CFS-4109 - Rhode Island Landings, January 1966, 3 pp. CFS-4110 - Alabama Landings, February 1966, 3 pp. CFS-4112 - Mississippi Landings, January 1966, 2 pp. CFS-4113 - Shrimp Landings, 1965 Annual Summary, 17 pp. CFS-4114 - Fish Meal and Oil, March 1966, 2 pp. CFS-4118 - Mississippi Landings, February 1966, 2 pp. CFS-4121 - South Carolina Landings, March 1966, 2 pp. H Sep. No. 764 - Experimental Fish Trawling Survey A- long the Florida West Coast. FL-590 - List of Fishery Associations in the United States, by Leslie D. McMullin, 10 pp., May 1966. FL-584 - Marine Protein Concentrate, 32 pp., April 1966. Contains a summary report on the develop- ment of a commercial manufacturing process to convert red hake into a high-quality marine protein concentrate for human consumption. Plans, as well as estimates of processing and product costs, are shown. Data are presented on the physical, chemi- cal, nutritional, bacteriological, and toxicological studies on marine protein concentrate. AnEconomic Study of the Boston Large-Trawler Labor Force, by Virgil J. Norton and Morton M. Miller, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Circular 248, 57 pp., illus., printed, May 1966. The report focuses on the socio-economic characteris - tics of the Boston offshore trawler labor force cov- ering the age; national origin; education and train- Vol. 28, No. 7 ing; fishing and non-fishing job experience; unem- ployment, illness and injury rates and earnings of fishermen in the Boston offshore labor force. THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE AR- "Finance and insurance,'' Chapter VIII, pp. 539-560, Translation No. 18, 33 pp., processed, April 1966. 'Marketing,'' Chapter IX, pp. 596-600, Translation No. 19, 2 pp., processed, April 1966. (Both are translations from the Japanese Comprehen- sive View of the (Japanese) Tuna Fishery, by Shoichi Masuda, 844 pp., published by Suisansha, 8 Banchi, Sanei-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan, March 1963.) THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SPE- CIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED: California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part I - Fishery Products Production and Market Data, April 1966, 14 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif. 90731.) California cannery receipts of tuna and tunalike fish and other species used for can- ning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, sardines, mackerel, and anchovies; market fish receipts at San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; Cali- fornia and Arizona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices; ex-vessel prices for cannery fish; prices for fish meal, oil, and solubles; for the month indicated. California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part II - Fishing Information, ‘April 1966, 8 pp., and Supplement, I p. illus. (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Biological Laboratory, P. O. Box 6121, Pt. Loma Station, San Diego, Calif. 92106,) Contains sea-surface temperatures, fishing and research in- formation of interest to the West Coast tuna-fishing industry and marine scientists; for the month indi- cated. Middle Atlantic Fishery Trends--Monthly Summary-- February and March 1966, 20 and 18 pp., respec- tively. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wild- life Service, 346 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10013.) Includes summaries and analyses of receipts and prices on wholesale Fulton Fish Market, in- cluding both the salt- and fresh-water sections; im- ports entered at New York customs district; pri- mary wholesalers' selling prices for fresh, frozen, and selected canned fishery products; marketing trends; and landings at Fulton Fish Market docks and Stonington, Conn.; for the month indicated. July 1966 Monthly Summary of Fishery Products Production in Selected Areas of Virginia, North Carolina, and Maryland, April 1966, 5 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 18 S. King St., Hamp- ton, Va. 23369.) Landings of food fish and shellfish and production of crab meat and shucked oysters for the Virginia areas of Hampton Roads, Chincoteague, Lower Northern Neck, and Lower Eastern Shore; the Maryland areas of Crisfield, Cambridge, and Ocean City; andthe North Carolinaareas of Atlantic, Beau- fort, and Morehead City; together with cumulative and comparative dataon fishery products and shrimp production; for the month indicated. New England Fisheries--Monthly Summary, March 1966, 21 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 10 Commonwealth Pier, Boston, Mass. 02210.) Review of the principal New England fishery ports. Presents data on fishery landings by ports and species; industrial fish landings and ex- vessel prices; imports; cold-storage stocks of fish- ery products in New England warehouses; fishery landings and ex-vessel prices for ports in Mass- achusetts (Boston, Gloucester, New Bedford, Prov- incetown, and Woods Hole), Maine (Portland and Rockland), Rhode Island (Point Judith), and Con- necticut (Stonington); frozen fishery products prices to primary wholesalers at Boston, Gloucester, and New Bedford; and Boston Fish Pier and Atlantic Avenue fishery landings and ex-vessel prices by species; for the month indicated. New York City's Wholesale Fishery Trade, 1965 (In- ~ cludes Statistics and Marketing Trends), 37 pp., illus. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wild- life Service, 346 Broadway, New York, N. Y.10013). The first part of this annual summary discusses fishery products receipts, prices, and imports; fish meal, oil, and solubles prices; highlights of the 1965 season; shrimp supplies, prices, and imports; and canned tuna prices in the salt-water section of New York's wholesale Fulton Fish Market. The second section covers receipts, prices, and trends in the fresh-water fish market (Peck Slip Awea). The final section contains statistical tables giving receipts of fresh and frozen fish and shellfish by species, states and provinces, and transport methods, 1964-65; landings and ex-vessel prices at Fulton Market; im- ports through New York Customs District; frozen fishery products by months; and monthly shrimp imports by country. Oceanographic Observations, 1963, East Coast of the United States, by Joseph Chase, Data Report 10, 3 microfiche cards, illus., distribution limited. (Branch of Reports, Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries, U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. 20240.) Production of Fishery Products in Selected’ Areas of Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, 1965, Pre- liminary, by William N. Kelly, 20 pp., June 1966. (Market News Service, U. S. Fishand Wildlife Serv- ice, P. O. Box 447, Hampton, Va. 23369.) A sum- mary of commercial landings of fish and shellfish and the production of crab meat and shucked oys- ters as reported by producers and wholesalers from selected principal fishing localities of Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina. Discusses landings in the Hampton Roads, Lower Northern Neck, Low- er Eastern Shore, and Chincoteague areas of Vir- ginia; Ocean City, Cambridge, and Crisfield, Mary- land; and Morehead City, North Carolina. Thesta- tistics in this Summary represent partial commer- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 115 cial fisheries production only and do not represent complete commercial landings or production for a given area, individual state, or the Chesapeake Bay Area as a whole. However, the statistics do show trends in fisheries production for the specific area designated and do reflect the over-all production trend by species, localities, and states. Releases and Recoveries of Marked Pink Shrimp, PE- NAEUS DUORARUM Burkenroad, in South Florida Waters, 1958-1964, by Donald M. Allen and T. J. Costello, Data Report 11, 3 microfiche cards, illus., distribution limited. (Branch of Reports, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S, Department of the In- terior, Washington, D. C. 20240.) (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings of Fishery Products for Selected Areas and Fisher- ies, Monthly Summary, April 1966, 8 pp. (Market News Service, U. S, Fish and Wildlife Service, 706 New Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle, Wash. 98104.) Includes landings by the halibut fleet reported by the Seattle Halibut Exchange; salmon fleets reported by primary receivers; landings of halibut reported by the International Pacific Halibut Commission; landings of otter-trawl vessels re- ceipts reported by the Fishermen's Marketing As- sociation of Washington; local landings by independ- ent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by scheduled and non-scheduled shipping lines and air- ways; imports from British Columbia via rail, motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings; and imports from other countries through Washington customs district for the month indicated. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS ISSUING THEM. CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING PUBLICATIONS THAT FOLLOW SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE ORGANIZATION OR PUBLISHER MENTIONED. DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN. ALASKA: Test Fishing in Bristol Bay, 1960-64, by Melvin C. Seibel, Informational Leaflet 67, 39 pp., processed, Aug. 12, 1965. Alaska Department of Fish andGame, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska 99801. ALEWIVES: "Composition of combustible concretions of the ale- wife, Alosa pseudoharengus," by Ernest Sondheimer and others, article, Science, vol. 152, no. 3719, Apr. 8, 1966, pp. 221-223, illus., printed, single copy 35 cents. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washing- ton, D. C, 20005. ALGAE: "The occurrence and assay of isocitrate lyase in al- gae,'' by W. Geoffrey Haigh and Harry Beevers, ar- ticle, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol. 107, July 1964, pp. 147-151, printed. Academic Press, Inc., 111 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. 10003. ANCHOVIES: "Block-freezing of Caspian Sea anchovies arranged in rows,'' by E. F. Krivorotov, article, Rybnoe Khoz- iaistvo, no. 6, 1965, pp. 69-71, illus., printed in Rus- 116 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 sian. Institute of Marine Fisheries & Oceanogra- phy, 17 V. Krasnosseleskja, Moscow, U.S.S.R. ARGENTINA: Analisis (Fisheries Special Edition, titled ''Nuestro mar ancho y ajeno''--Our wide and unknown sea), 90 pp., illus., printed in Spanish, March 1966, M$N 1.78 (US$1.00). Analisis Sociedad Anomina, Bartolomé Mitre 226, Buenos Aires, Argentina. This Argen- tine weekly's special edition describes and reviews the current situation in the country's fishing indus- try. Includes articles on Government relationships and support; status of industry development; the fleet; the fishery export situation; prospects for the industry; fishery meetings; integration of the fillet industry; technical needs of the industry; and inter- views with the President of the Banco Industrial (which has established a system of credits for the industry), the President of the Mar del Plata Cham- ber of the Fishing Industry, and the vice president of the Argentine Chamber of Fishmeal Industries. ARTIFICIAL REEFS: Artificial Reefs--A Review, by Iris Unger, Special Publication No. 7, 74 pp., illus., printed, 1966, $1.00. American Littoral Society, Sandy Hook Marine Lab- oratory, Highlands, N. J. 07732. BACTERIOLOGY: "Bacteriological survey of filleting processes in the Pacific Northwest. IV--Bacterial counts of fish fillets and equipment,’ by Wayne I. Tretsven, arti- cle, Journal of Milk and Food Technology, vol. 28, Sept. 1965, pp. 287-291, aatecemaneal ournal of Milk and Food Technology, P. O. Box 437, Shelbyville, Ind. 46377. BIOCHEMISTRY: "Microelectrophoretic separation on starch gel of the hemoglobins of Salmo salar,'' by H. J. A. Koch, Eva Bergstrom, and J. C. Evans, article, Chemical Ab- stracts, vol. 63, Nov. 22, 1965, Abstract No. 15208c, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20006. BLOOD OF FISH: Papers available from the American Fisheries Soci- ety, 1404 New York Ave. NW., Washington, D, C. 20005, by Charles W. Caillouet, processed, 1965: Changes in Blood Lactic Acid in Mature Bullheads After Live Transportation (Presented at Annual Meeting, Southern Division, American Fisheries So- ciety, Tulsa, Okla.), 8 pp. Nature of Variability on Blood Lactic Acid Data from Fishes (Presented at the 95th Annual Meeting, A- merican Fisheries Society, Portland, Oreg.), 11 pp. BOATING: Recreational Boating Statistics, 1965, CG-357, 44 pp., illus., processed, 1966. Commandant (ORB), U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters, Washington, D. C. 20226. BOTULISM : Botulism and Fishery Products, by J. M. Shewan and D. C. Cann, Torry Advisory Note no. 22, 7 pp., printed, 1965. Torry Research Station, Ministry of Technology, 135 Abbey Road, Aberdeen, Scotland. This Note explains the cause of botulism, describes how outbreaks abroad have happened, and gives ad- vice to producer and consumer on how the hazard can be averted. BRAZIL: Following articles available from Estagao de Biologia Marinha, Universidade do Ceara, Av. Antonio Justa, 3207, Caixa Postal, 1072, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil: "Bibliografia sobre os recursos marinhos do Brasil" (Bibliography on marine resources of Brazil), by 1965, 53 pp., printed in Portuguese. "Length-weight tables of some fish species from Northeastern Brazil," by Hitoshi Nomura, article, Arg. Est. Biol. Mar. Univ. Ceara, vol. 5, no. 2, December 1965, pp. 103-105, printed in English and Portuguese. CALIFORNIA: California Fish and Game, vol. 52, no. 2, April 1966, pp. 67-128, illus., printed, single copy $0.75. De- partment of Fish and Game, The Resources Agency, Sacramento, Calif. (Sold by Office of Procurement, Documents Section, P. O. Box 1612, Sacramento, Calif. 95807.) Includes articleson: ‘Annotated list of fishes collected by midwater trawl in the Gulf of California, March-April 1964," by Robert J. Laven- berg and John E. Fitch, pp. 92-110; ''Fecundity of the Pacific hake Merluccius productus (Ayres), by John S. Macgregor, pp. Tt=t te Sea lion census for 1965 including counts of other California pinnipeds,"' pp. 119-120. CANADA: "Experts make joint study of vessels, gear, techniques,’ by James Kinloch, article, Trade News, vol. 18, no. 9, March 1966, pp. 3-18, illus., printed. Director of In- formation and Educational Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa 8, Canada. Issued by Industry Division, Dominion Bureau of Sta- tistics, Ottawa, Canada. (Sold by Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa.): Fisheries Statistics of Canada, 1963, Catalogue No. 24- , 09 pp., printed in French and English, April 1966, C$0.75. This report provides a summary of the Ca- nadian fisheries and the information is arranged to show separately the three main fisheries areas i.e., Atlantic, Pacific, and Inland. A glossary is furnished of the accepted common names of the kinds of aquat- ic animals and plants included in this publication and also the scientific names and English synonyms. The statistics (shown in 16 tables) show value of products for selected species; landings, quantity, and value by specific species; etc. Fisheries Statistics, Nova Scotia, 1964, Catalogue No. 24-295, 41 pp., illus., printed in French and English, April 1966, C$0.75. lus., printed; issued by Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. (Sold by Queen's Printer, July 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ual THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Ottawa.) Single issue C$1.00 for Canada, U.S., and Mexico; for other countries C$1.25: vol. 23, no. 3, March 1966, 150 pp. Includes ar- ticles on: ''Effects of salinity and temperature on embryonic development of the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus),'' by C. R. Forrester and D. F. Al- derdice; “Swimming endurance of some Northwest Atlantic fishes,'' by F. W. H. Beamish; 'Protein nutritive quality of commercial fish meals as as- sessed by biological and chemical methods," by B. E. March, Jacob Biely, C. Goudie, and H. L. A. Tarr; and "Selectivity of gill nets, especially to lake whitefish,"' by H. A. Regier and D. S. Robson. vol. 23, no. 4, April 1966, pp. 471-621. Includes articles on ''Appropriate size limits for lemon sole (Parophrys vetulus) in the Strait of Georgia," by K. Radway Allen and C. R. Forrester, pp. 511-520; "'Re- production in Sphyrion lumpi, a copepod parasitic on redfish (Sebastes spp.),” by H. J. Squires, pp. 521- 526; ''Glycogenolytic enzymes of cod (Gadus callar- ias) muscle,'' by J. R. Burt, pp. 527-538; “Proce- dure for analysis of schooling behavior," by John R. Hunter, pp. 547-562; "In vitro cultivation of cells of the oyster (Crassostrea virginica)," by M. F. Li, James E. Stewart, and R. E. Drinnan, pp. 595-599; "Preservation of the sardine Sardinella melanura by low-dose gamma radiation,” by S. Hashish, M. F. Hussein, M. M. Abdel-Baki, H. M. Rousl-dy, and Y. M. Hassan, pp. 601-606; "Description of groundfish trawl developed for the side-trawl research vessel G. B. Reed," by W. R. Harling and S. J. Westrheim, pp. 611-613. CATFISH: "Catfish by the acre,'' by McFadden Duffy, article, Louisiana Conservationist, vol. 18, nos. 5 & 6, May- June 1966, pp. 18-23, illus., printed. Louisiana Conservationist, Wild Life & Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans, La. 70130. Discusses spawning, raising, and marketing catfish; how cat- fish can clean unwanted bacteria and pollution mate rial out of streams and rivers; catfish farms. Also discusses how catfish can become Louisiana's most profitable crop; what is needed for--and how to get into the catfish-raising business. The demand for catfish is greater than the present production. "Catfish, catfish, catfish," by Jack Williamson, arti- cle, Mississippi Game and Fish, vol. 26, no. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1308, pp. 6-7, illus., printed. Mississip- pi Fish and Game Commission, Woolfolk Bldg., 501 N. West St., Jackson, Miss. 39201. For the benefit of persons who are interested in raising channel catfish, the author discusses pond construction, spawning pens, spawning containers, care of brood stock, stocking and cultural methods, catfish fry production, care of rearing pond, and feeding. CENSUS SURVEY: pp., printed, 1966, 25 cents. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Presents results of the census of commercial fisheries for the calendar year 1963, and is based on a survey conducted by the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce, in cooperation with the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Inte- rior, The 1963 Census of Commercial Fisheries is the first such census undertaken since 1908. Prior to the 1908 census, there were two census surveys of commercial fisheries, one in 1889 and the other in 1880. CHARTS OF WRECKS: Kingfisher Charts, Research & Development Bulletin o. 18, 11 pp., illus., printed, March 1966. Research Secretary, The White Fish Authority, 2/3 Cursitor Street, London, E. C. 4., England. Lists a series of charts showing obstructions and wrecks, Of the 14 already published, 11 cover what are broadly de- scribed as the North Sea areas and include such grounds as the Skagerrak Approach, the Coast of Der- mark, and the North Fisher Bank area. Another 24 charts are in various stages of preparation. There are charts that give information on the trawling areas between Scotland and the Faroes, off the coasts of Iceland and Labrador, the Barents Sea, the Norwe- gian coast, and around Bear Island. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION: "Rapid determination of fat in fish and fish products," by E. F. Il'chev, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 62, May 24, 1965, Abstract No. [3767d, printed. Ameri- can Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washing- ton, D. C. 20006. CHOLESTEROL: "The absence of cholesterol synthesis in the crab, Cancer pagurus,'' by Andre Van den Oord, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 62, Mar. 1, 1965, Abstract No. 5614f, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20006. COD: The Cod and the Cod Fishery at Faroe, by B. W. Jones, ~ Fishery Investigations, series Il, vol. XXIV, no. 5, 32 pp., illus., printed, 1966, 11s. (about US$1.55). W.S. Cowell Ltd., Ipswich, England. Ministry of Agricul- ture, Fisheries and Food, London. (Sold by Her Maj- esty's Stationery Office, 49 High Holborn, London W. C. 1, England. The study was undertaken to pro- vide information on the basic biology of the Faroe cod and to assess from the available data and origi- nal research the effect of fishing on the stocks of cod. Articles from Journal of the Science of Food and Agri- culture, illus., printed. Society of Chemical Industry, 14 Belgrave Square, London S.W.1, England. Single copy 17s. 6d. (US$2.45): "Lipid distribution and recovery during salt fraction- ation of cod muscle,'' by Ayman Sheltawy and June Olley, vol. 17, no. 2, February 1966, pp. 94-100. "Protein denaturation in frozen fish. Changes in cod muscle in the unfrozen state, with some further ob- servations on the principles underlying the cell fra- gility method,'' by R. M. Love, M. M. Aref, M. K. Elerian, J. I. M. Ironside, E. M. Mackay, and M. G. Varela, vol. 16, May 1965, pp. 259-267. Articles from Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, printed. (Sold by Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada.): 118 "Tysolecithinase of cod muscle," by M. Yurkowski and H. Brockerhoff, vol. 22, May 1965, pp. 643-652. "Studies on the quality of Newfoundland cod. 10 - Ef- fect of some commercial freezing rates on the fro- zen and stored quality of trap cod," by W. A. Mac- Callum, Dorothy A. Chalker, and E. J. Laishley, vol. 22, March 1965, pp. 411-420. "Studies on the quality of Newfoundland cod. II - Thaw-drip in polyphosphate-treated and untreated fillets,'' by Dorothy A. Chalker and W. A. MacCal- lum, vol. 22, May 1965, pp. 783-791. COD WORMS: Cod Worms, by B. B. Rae and G. H. O. Burgess, ~ Torry Advisory Note no. 24, 7 pp., printed, 1965. Torry Research Station, Ministry of Technology, 135 Abbey Road, Aberdeen, Scotland. This Note gives a brief account of the occurrence of worms in cod, for the information and guidance of those en- gaged in the handling, processing, retailing, and preparation of fish for food. COLD STORAGE: Cold Storage of Frozen Fish, Torry Advisory Note no. 28, pp., printed, 1965. Torry Research Sta- tion, Ministry of Technology, 135 Abbey Road, Aber- deen, Scotland, This Note gives the reasons why fish must be kept at a low temperature during cold storage, and indicates for how long different prod- ucts can be kept. CRABS: Handling and Processing Crabs, by J. C. Early, Tor- ry Advisory Note 26, fo pp., printed, 1965. Torry Research Station, Ministry of Technology, 135 Ab- bey Road, Aberdeen, Scotland. This Note briefly describes the handling, storage, and transport of the live crabs; killing, boiling, and extraction of the meat; and freezing and canning. Phenoloxidase activity in crab leukocytes during the intermolt period," by W. Decleir and R. Vercauter- en, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 63, Nov. 8, 1965, Abstract No. 13747c, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20006, CRAWFISH: "More about crawfish,'' by Cecil LaCaze, article, Louisiana Conservationist, vol. 18, nos. 5 & 6, May- June 1966, pp. 3-7, illus., printed. Louisiana Con- servationist, Wild Life & Fisheries Bldg., 400 Roy- al St., New Orleans, La. 70130. Discusses very briefly the life history and habits of some of the many species of fresh-water crawfish. The author discusses in greater detail the harvesting of craw- fish in Louisiana and farming in artificial impound- ments. CRAYFISH: "Carotenoids of cavernicolous crayfish,'' by Douglas A. Wolfe and David G. Cornwall, article, Science, vol. 144, June 19, 1964, pp. 1467-1468, printed. A- merican Association for the Advancement of Sci- ence, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington, D, C. 20006, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 CRUSTACEA: "The Gomori method for identification of acid phos- phatase in tissues of crustacea Porcellio scaber and Oniscus asellus,"' by Zofia Hryniewicka-Szyfter, ar- ticle, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 61, Nov. 9, 1964, Ab- stract No. 12375e, printed. American Chemical So- ciety, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20006. "Pheromone: Evidence in a decapod crustacean," ar- ticle, Science, vol. 151, no. 3708, Jan. 21, 1966, pp. 340-341, printed. American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, D. C. 20005. CUBA: "Coup d'oeil sur les péches Cubaines" (A glance at Cuban fisheries), by A. Briantais, article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 45, no. 1057, April 1966, pp. 253-255, illus., printed in French, Les Editions Maritimes, 190, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France. DECOMPOSITION: "Ammonia as an index of decomposition in crab meat, by James L, Burnett, article, Journal of the Associ- ation of Official Agricultural Chemists, vol. 48, June 1965, pp. 624-627, printed, Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Inc., Box 540, Benjamin. Franklin Station, Washington, D. C. 20004. DEHYDRATION: "Developments of dehydrated meat and fish salads for military use,'' by J. M. Tuomy, article, Food Tech- nology, vol. 19, June 1965, pp. 46, 50, printed. In- stitute of Food Technologists, Special Services Of- fice, 510 North Hickory St., Champaign, Tl. 61820. DOGFISH: "Om mulighetene for pigghafiske I vestatlanteren om sommeren,"' (Possibilities for a dogfish fishery in the Western Atlantic in the summer), by Olav Aasen, article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 15, April 14, 1966, pp. 281-287, illus., printed in Norwegian. Fiskeridirek- toratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. "Steroid biosynthesis in the semen of dogfish (Squalus acanthias)," by T. H. Simpson, R. W. Wright, and Joyce Renfrew, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 62, Mar. 1, 1965, Abstract No. 5615b, printed. Ameri- can Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washing- ton, D. C. 20006. ECUADOR: "Tas pesquerias en la provincia de Esmeraldas" (The fisheries of the province of Esmeralda), by Domingo Quiroga, article, Puntal, vol. XII, no. 138, Sept. 1965, pp. 8-15, illus., printed in Spanish. Puntal, Apartado 316, Alicante, Spain. EXPORTS: "Sea Fare from U. S. Sells," article, International Commerce, vol. 72, no. 17, April 25, 1966, pp. 8-9, illus., printed, single issue US$0.35. Bureau of In- ternational Commerce, U. S. Department of Com- merce, Washington, D. C. (Sold by Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Wash- ington, D. C. 20402.) Describes international trade promotion of U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, including food-fair participation in Cologne, Brus- sels, London, Milan, and Manchester. July 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 119 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM, FILLETS: Articles from Supplement to Fishing News and Fish- ing News International, July , printed. Fishing ews, Ludgate House, 120 Fleet Street, London E.C. 4, England: "Freezing fillets,'' by J. J. Diestel, pp. 52-55. "Freezing fillets at sea,'' by N. R. Jones, pp. 40-46. FISH COOKERY: "Chicken/fish coating mix," article, Canner/Packer, vol. 134, Mar. 1965, p. 48, printed.” Canner/Packer, Triad Publishing Co., 59 East Monroe St., Chicago, Ql. 60603. FISH FINDERS: "Detection of disbursed fish near the sea bottom by means of echo sounders," by K. I. Yudanov, article, Trudy, vol. 3, 1961, pp. 175-183, printed. Atlanti- chee Nauchno-issledovstel'skii, Institut Morsko- go Rybnogo Khoziaistvo i Okeanografii, Latviisk, SSR. (Sold by: Four Continent Book Corp., 156 - 5th Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010.) FISHERY RESEARCH: Quarterly Report, Iowa Cooperative Wildlife and Fisheries Research Units, vol. 31, no. 3, January, February, March 1966, 18 pp., processed. Depart- ment of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa State Uni- versity of Science and Technology, Ames Iowa 50012. Includes amongothers: "Factors affecting fish production in ponds," "Stream biology as relat- ed to fish production: Des Moines River," and "Dy- namics of fish populations in natural lakes: Clear Lake investigations." FISH HATCHERIES: "Louisiana's fish hatcheries," by Sammy Stokes, ar- ticle, Louisiana Conservationist, vol. 18, nos. 5 & 6, May-June 1966, pp. 8-9, 23-24, illus., printed. Lou- isiana Conservationist, Wild Life & Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans, La. 70130. Discusses types and quantities of fish Louisiana's hatcheries produce, how harvested, and species that are pres- ently under study. = FISH MEAL: "Analysis of lipids in fish meal," by P. F. Parks and M. S. Hummel, article, Journal Association of Of- ficial Agricultural Chemists, vol. 48, 1965, pp. 781- , printed. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Box 450, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington, D. C. 20044. "The effect of L (+ lysine hydrochloride on the gross protein value of experimentally prepared and market products of fish and meat meals," by A. An- war, article, Poultry Science, vol. 44, May 1965, pp. 745-747, printed. Poultry Science, Texas A& M College System, College Station, Tex. 77843. FISH OIL: "Effects of fat addition on chick growth. Il--Fish oil as an additional fat component of a ration," by T. Katsuki, T. Konno, and K. Hangui, article, Chemi- cal Abstracts, vol. 63, Oct. 25, 1965, Abstract No. T2053e, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20006. "Studies with menhaden oil in practical-type broiler rations," by Spencer H. Morrison, article, Feed- stuffs, vol. 37, July 17, 1965, p. 32, printed. Feed- stuffs, P. O. Box 67, Minneapolis, Minn, 55440. FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE: "The effect of a supplementary protein food containing fish flour (from sardine oil) on the metabolism of ni- trogen, calcium, and phosphorus in children," by S. R. Shurpalekar, et al, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 61, October 26, 1964, Abstract No. 11077e, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20006. FISH SOLUBLES: "Condensed fish solubles. I--Vitamin content and ami- no-acid composition of commercial condensed fish solubles,"' by Keiji Ito and Shiro Sato, article, Chem- ical Abstracts, vol. 61, Sept. 28, 1964, Abstract No. 8824d, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20006. FRANCE: "Distribution and sale of fresh fish,"' by J. R. Crepey and J. Mailliard, article, Science et Peche, no. 138, June 1965, 16 pp., illus., printed in French. L'Insti- tut Scientifique et Technique des Peches Maritimes, 59 Avenue Raymond- Poincare, Paris 16©, France. FREEZE-DRIED FISH: "Browning of freeze-dried fish,’ by H. L. A. Tarr and E. A. Gadd, article, Journal of the Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, vol. 22, May 1965, pp. 755- 760, printed. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada. FREEZE-DRYING: Articles from Food Processing, vol. 26, Mar. 1965, printed. Putman Publishing Bo 111 E, Delaware Place, Chicago, Il. 61820: "Today with freeze drying,'' by Ronald C. Wornick, pp. 65-67. "Wide range of freeze dried foods,'' by John B. Klis, pp. 72-73. FREEZING: "How to decide whether automation is good for your FF (frozen food) operation," by Russell G. Jones, ar- ticle, Quick Frozen Foods, vol. 17, Apr. 1965, pp. 43- 44, printed. E. W. Williams Publications, Inc., 1776 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10019. "New freeze-trawler in service. Refrigerant 22 and trichlorethylene system," article, The Journal of Re- frigeration, vol. 8, no. 4, April 1965, p. 113, printed. ToslowsPublenence Ltd., 19 Harcourt St., London W1, England. "Packing company scores again: starts liquid nitrogen freezing," article, EEsnIOe Gazette, vol. 82, Apr. 1965, pp. 44-45, 49, =-115, printed. Fishing Ga- zette Publishing Corp., 461 Eighth Ave., New York, N. Y. 10001. Quick Freezing of Fish, Torry Advisory Note no, 27, 14 pp., illus., printed, 1965, Torry Research Station, Ministry of Technology, 135 Abbey Road, Aberdeen, Scotland. This Note sets out the general princi- ples to be observed when freezing fish. 120 FRESH FISH: "The chilling of fish on board fishing vessels," by J. H. Merritt, article, Supplement to Fishing News and Fishing News International, illus., July 1865. pp. 14- 23, printed. The Fishing News, Ludgate House, 120 Fleet Street, London E.C. 4, England. "Untersuchunger tiber die Kuhlung von Seefisch unter 0° C. Investigations into the cooling of sea fish be- low 0° C), by W. Schmidt-Lorenz, article, Kalte, vol. 17, no. 7, July 1964, pp. 365-368, illus., printed in German. Hans A. Keune Verlag, Pressehaus, 1 Speersort, Hamburg 1, Germany. FROZEN FISH: a Thawing Frozen Fish, Torry Advisory Note no, 25, pp., printed, 1965. Torry Research Station, Minis- try of Technology, 135 Abbey Road, Aberdeen, Scot- land. This Note briefly describes the principal methods of thawing and discusses some of the ad- vantages and disadvantages of each. GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC: Handbuch fur die Fischereigebiete des Nordwest-At- Tantischen Ozeans (Handbook for the Fishing | Grounds of the Northwest Atlantic), No. 2066, 463 pp., illus., printed in German, 1964. Deutsches Hy- drographisches Institut, Hamburg 4, Germany. This handbook is divided into three parts. Part A gives general marine information such as marine charts, signals, repair and bunkering facilities, and the ma- rine regulations of Greenland, Canada, and France. Includes a short survey of the fisheries of Green- land, Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia, as well as a dictionary of marine terms in Danish, Eng lish, French, and Eskimo. Part B describes natu- ral conditions such as climate, currents, water temperature, salinity, and ice conditions in the Northwest Atlantic. Part C consists of sailing di- rections for the Northwest Atlantic coastal areas. Informationen fur die Fischwirtschaft (Information for the Fishing Industry), vol. 13, no. 1, January 1966, 38 pp., processed in German. Bundesforsch- ungsanstalt fur Fischerei, Hamburg-Altona 1, Pal- maille 9, West Germany. Includes, among others, these articles: "91. Forschungsreise des FFS 'An- ton Dohrn! in die Norwegischen gewdsser und in das Barentsmeer vom 6.10-11.11, 1965'' (91st research cruise of the FFS "Anton Dohrn" covering waters off the Norwegian coast and the Barents Sea, Octo- ber 6-November 11, 1965); ''Neue deutsche herings- fischerei im Nordmeer" (New German herring fish- ery in the North Sea); ''Fangtechnische reise des FFS 'Walther Herwig! in das gebiet Skagerrak/Ost- kante vom 6,10-2.11, 1965''(Gear research cruise of the FFS "Walther Herwig" in the area of the Skag- errak/Ostkante, October 6-November 2, 1965); ''Poly- athylen und polyamid; prifwerte von netzgarnen fur schleppnetz der hochseefischerei' (Polyethelyene and polyamid; comparative trials of these netting twines in trawls of the high-seas fisheries); ''Uber den stand der normblatt-entwicklung fir von der fischerei verwendete netztuche" (On the state of the development of standards for netting materials used in the fisheries). HAGFISH: "The hagfish,"’ by David Jensen, article, Scientific American, vol. 214, no. 2, February 1966, pp. 82- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 90, illus., printed, single issue US$0.60. Scientific American, Inc., 415 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017. This primitive animal has teeth on its tongue, secretes a viscid slime, can tie itself in a knot, and has four hearts. HALIBUT: "Chalkiness in halibut in relation to muscle pH and protein denaturation,'' by N. Tomlinson, S. E. Geiger, and E. Dollinger, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 22, May 1965, pp. 653-663, printed. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada. HERRING: Report on the European Market for Herring, prepared by H. Gdben and O. Mevatne, 96 pp., illus., proc- essed in English, May 9, 1966, for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Committee for Fisheries. OECD, 2, Rue Andre-Pas- cal, Paris, France. The Report includes Part I-- Herring for Human Consumption, Part II--Herring for Meal and Oil, Part II[--Concluding Remarks, and an Annex with tables relating to Part Il. Part I dis- cusses decisive factors in production, utilization, and international trade in herring for human consumption. Part II provides a similar review of herring for in- dustrial use. The concluding remarks in Part III were provided by OECD. Synopsis of Biological Data on Sprat (Sprattus sprattus, Linnaeus, 1758, Mediterranean and Saiaeent Seas), by M. Demir, FAO Fisheries Synopsis no. 27, revision 1, 46 pp., illus., printedin English, November 1965, distribution restricted. Food and Agriculture Orga- nization of the United Nations, via delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. ICE: Advisory Note no. 21, 9 pp., printed, 1965. Torry Research Station, Ministry of Technology, 135 Abbey Road, Aberdeen, Scotland. This Note summarizes the principal methods of manufacturing ice and the advantages and disadvantages of the main types pro- duced; some reference is made to costs. INDIA: Indian Journal of Fisheries, vol. IX, no. 1, April 1962, illus., printed, 8 rupees net (US$1.70). The Editori- al Committee, Indian Journal of Fisheries for the Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi, India: Section A, 431 pp. Includes articles on: 'Obser- vations on the food and feeding habits of the Indian oil sardine, Sardinella longiceps Val.,"' by M. H. Dhulkhed, pp. 37-47; "Fluctuations in mackerel landings at Calicut in relation to hydrographical factors,'' by L. B. Pradhan and C. V. Gangadhara Reddy, pp. 100-109; ''On the breeding of penaeids and the recruitment of their postlarvae into the backwaters_of Cochin," by M. J. George, pp. 110-116 Section B, 90 pp. Includes articles on: ''Studies on the quality of dry prawn," by A. Lekshmy, T. K. Govindan and V. K. Pillai, pp. 1-6; ''Studies on ice- stored prawns,'' by T. K. Govindan, pp. 7-15; ''Stor- age characteristics of frozen prawns in relation to quality assessment," by Miss A. Lekshmy, T. K. Govindan and V. K. Pillai, pp. 58-70; ''Certain ob- July 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 121 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. servations on a two-seam and a four-seam trawl used in off-shore fishing at Cochin," by M. C. Peru- mal and V. Sreeram, pp. 71-83; ''Further studies on the Indian sardine oil,' by P. V. Kamasastri, P. V. Prabhu and D. Ramananda Rao, pp. 84-90. Seafood Trade Journal, vol. 1, no. 2, February 1966, 42 pp., illus., printed in English. The Seafood Can- ners! and Freezers! Association of India, Cochin, India. Includes articles on: ‘Planning on fisheries," pp. 3-6; ''The development of the freezing and ex- port of prawns in India,"' by R. Madhavan Nayar, pp. 8-12; "Activities at the Central Institute of Fisher- ies Operatives Ernakulam," by M. C, Perumal, pp. 14-17; "Shrimp-rice culture," by Dr. M. V. Rajago- pal, p. 25. misaki, Wakayama Prefecture," by Sadaichi Nishika- wa, pp. 77-84; ''An opinion on the forecast of fishing grounds and on the fundamental sea states from the water temperature distribution in the neighboring sea of Japan," by Yasuo Matsudaira, pp. 313-321. Report of Nankai Regional Fisheries Research Labo- ratory, no. 23, March 1966, 208 pp., illus., printed in Japanese and English. Nankai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Sanbashidori, Kochi-shi, Ja- pan. Includes articles on; "Infra-central grooves of tunas with special reference to the identification of young tunas found in the stomachs of large preda- tors," by Izumi Nakamura and Shoji Kikawa, pp. 55- 66; ''Morphological study on the slender tuna, Allo- thunnus fallai Serventy obtained from the Tasman Sea, by Izumi Nakamura and Keiichiro Mori, pp, 67- IOWA: 83. Quarterly Biology Reports, vol. 17, no. 4, Oct.-Dec. 1965, 51 pp., illus., processed. Biology Section, Fish and Game Division, State Conservation Commis- sion, E. 7th & Court Sts., Des Moines, Iowa 50309. The section on fisheries contains the following arti- cles: "Results of an experimental muskellunge-sil- ver northern pike cross," by Terry Jennings and Fay Fronk; ''Pre-impoundment studies of the Chari- ton River in the vicinity of Rathbun Dam and Reser- voir--Part II,'' by Jim Mayhew; ''Some observations on trout populations in two Iowa streams," by Roger Schoumacher; ''Progress report: Channel catfish tagging studies on the Wapsipicon River, Buchanan County," by Robert Schacht; 'Movement of tagged channel catfish before the impoundment of the Red Rock Reservoir,'' by Gary Ackerman; and ''Channel catfish tagging on the Coralville Reservoir and ad- joining waters--progress report no. 1," by Don Helms. "Studies on Penaeus orientails Kishinouye,'' by Masao Oka and Soichiro Shirahata, article, Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, no. 17, 1964, pp. 55-67, printed in Japanese; English ab- stract. Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, Sasebo, Japan. Sea, by Wataru Ikematsu, Fishery Propagation Se- ries, No. 10, 55 pp., printed in Japanese, January 1966. Fisheries Resource Conservation Association, Futaba Bldg., 24-banchi, Sakuragawacho, Shiba Nishi- kubo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. There are five chap- ters that describe: physical features, sea conditions and marine fauna and flora; sea industries in terms of management units, personnel, and vessels; fishing conditions and production; sea farming conditions; and future of the fisheries. IRRADIATION PRESERVATION: "Effect of hypoxanthine on the flavor of fresh and stored low-dose-irradiated petrale sole fillets,'' by John Spinelli, article, Journal of Food Science, vol. 30, Nov.-Dec. 1965, pp. 1063-1069, printed. Jour- nal of Food Science, 510-524 No. Hickory St., Cham- paign, Ill. 61820. KENYA: Report on Kenya Fisheries 1964, 30 pp., illus., printed, 1966, 3s. Fisheries Division, Ministry of Forest De velopment, Game and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya. KING CRABS: ions, vol. 156, 1965, printed. Conseil Permanent In- ternational pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlotten- lund Slot, Denmark: ISRAEL: "Fisheries and fish culture in Israel in 1964," by S. Sarig, article, Bulletin of Fish Culture in Israel, vol. 17, no. 4, Dec. 1965, pp. 94-106, processed, "On the introduction of the commercial crab Para- Fisheries Division--Fish Breeders Association, lithodes camtschatica (Tilesius) into the Barents Bamidgeh, Nir-David, D. N., Israel. A review of Sea, by Ju. I. Orlov and A. F. Karpevich, pp. 59-61. Israel's marine and inland fisheries including catch and consumption data for 1963-1964. Discusses ma- rine and inland catch by area, fish cultivation, im- ports, canning industry, marketing, and consump- tion by product. "Preliminary report of the effect of varying levels of fishing on eastern Bering Sea king crabs, Parali- thodes camtschatica (Tilesius),'' by Takashi Miyaha- ra and Hebert N. Shippen, pp. 51-57. JAPAN; KUWAIT: Foreign Trade Regulations of Kuwait, by Emil Stavri- bandry, Hiroshima University, vol. 6, no. 1, 321 pp., illus., printed in Japanese and English, December 1965. The Faculty of Fisheries and Animal Hus- bandry, Hiroshima University, Fukuyama, Japan. Contains, among others, the following articles: ''On the production of carbon dioxide gas in fish flesh during the deterioration of freshness," by Suezo Asakawa, pp. 1-5; ''A note on the fishing ground for the spring skipjack fishing in the vicinity of Shiono- otis, Overseas Business Reports 66-13, 5 pp., print- ed, April 1966, single copy $0.35. Bureau of Inter- national Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (Sold by Commerce Department field offices or Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402) MARINE BIOLOGISTS: "Canada's far-ranging arctic marine biologists," arti- cle, Trade News, vol. 18, no. 9, March 1966, pp. 14- 2/2 OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. { 15, illus., printed. Director of Information and Ed- ucational Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa 8, Canada. $ MARKETING: ” ''Marketing orientation--determining your position in the FF (frozen food) picture. Part I," by W. H. L West, article, Quick Frozen Foods, vol. 27, May o 1965, pp. 48-50, 141-142, printed. Quick Frozen Foods, E. W. Williams Publications, Inc., 1776 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10019. NAVIGATION: Navigate Safely! 12 pp., illus., printed, May 1966. Environmental Science Services Administration, Rockville, Md. 20852. A booklet describing the var- ious types of nautical charts issued by the Coast and Geodetic Survey. Also describes Weather Bu- 4 reau services to boating interests, explains the . ae Lob meaning of weather warning display signals, and lists the charts published by the Bureau which show the location of coastal warning facilities. Included are some practical suggestions on the use of nauti- cal charts and guidelines for avoiding bad weather. NETS: "Cooperative efficiencies between amilan net and cot- ton net for small beam trawlers and surrounding seines,'' by C. Miyazaki, article, Current Affairs 1, 1965, pp. 14-27, printed. Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Austra- lia. NORWAY LOBSTER: Articles from Rapport et Proces Verbaux des Reun- b ions, vol. 156, 1965, printed. Conseil Permanent a International pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Char- « lottenlund Slot, Denmark: ''Nephrops norvegicus in Irish waters," by C, O'Ri- i ordan, pp. 183-185. "A preliminary report on the Norway lobster (Neph- rops norvegicus) in Icelandic waters," by A. Si- gurdsson, pp. 142-146. Processing Norway Lobsters, by J. C. Early, Torry Advisory Note no. 29, 8 pp., printed, 1965. Torry Research Station, Ministry of Technology, 135 Ab- bey Road, Aberdeen, Scotland. This Note describes the handling, chilling; and freezing of the lobster tails, and extraction and freezing of the meats. Brief reference is also made to cooking and to com- position of the cooked meat. i OCEANOGRAPHY: Atlas of Bathythermograph Data--Indian Ocean, Gen- eral Series, Publication G-6, 129 pp., printed, 1966, $5.00. Articles from Chemical and Engineering News, print- ed. Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washing- ton, D. C. 20036: "Oceanography's big growing market," vol. 43, no. 26, 1965, pp. 27-28. AT) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW National Oceanographic Data Center and U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office, Washington, D.C. 20390. Vol. 28, No. 7 "U. S. needs new oceanography program," vol. 42, no. 290, 1965, p. 21. Oceanographic Atlas of the North Atlantic Ocean. Sec- aS we Marine Ce eology, Pub. No. 700, 77 pp., illus., printed, > $2.00, is S. Naval Oceanographic Of- fice, Washington, D. C. 20390. Articles from Under Sea Technology, vol. 7, no. 4, Apr. 1966, illus., printed, single copy $1,00. Under Sea Technology, 617 Lynn Bldg., 1111 No. 19th St., Arlington, Va. 22209: "An analysis of ocean reverberation," by Edward F. Knees, pp. 35-37, 42-44. Presents a condensed re- view of various environmental and sonar system parameters as they affect ocean reverberation. "Deep sea incandescent lamps," by Harold Edgerton and Richard T. Troutner, pp. 21-26. Reviews the de- velopment and capabilities of incandescent lamps (in- cluding design characteristics and techniques of ap- plication) for use of the diver, photographer, and o- ceanographer. "Measuring oceans," by Larry L. Booda, pp. 31-33. De- scribes research, development, and manufacture of in- struments and instrument systems for precise meas- urement of the physical properties of the oceans. PAKISTAN: Scientific Researches (A Quarterly Journal), vol. 2, no. 3, July 1965, pp. 65-134, illus., printed in English, single issue Rs. 3.00 (US$0.65). The East Regional Labora- tories, P.C.S.I.R., Dacca, Pakistan. These arti- cles on fish protein concentrate appear: ''Fish flour: its biochemical and nutritional studies;"' ''Part I-- yield and chemical composition of fish protein con- centrate (FPC) and fish meal prepared from various fresh-water fish of East Pakistan by application of improved technique,'' by H. N. De and A. Hannan, pp. 85-94; ''Part II--Utilization of protein of fish flour or fish protein concentrate (FPC) under different die- tary levels in body protein synthesis and fat deposi- tion in relation to growth of immature and adult rats," by H. N. De, Aminul Islam, and Yasin Mollah, pp. 118- 126; ''Part IlI--Protein efficiency ratio values of some fish protein concentrate (FPC) or fish flour and fish vermicelli, and influence of decomposition of fish on the above values," by H. N. De, Yasin Mollah and Aminul Islam, pp. 127-134, PESTICIDES: "Effects of three organophosphorus insecticides on im- mature Hexagenia and Hydropsyche of the Upper Mis- Sissippi River, by Clarence A. arlson, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 95, no. 1, 1966, pp. 1-5, printed. American Fisheries Society, 1404 New York Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005. PLANKTON: "Method of crude fat determination in plankton,"' by D. M,. Vityuk, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 63, Aug. 16, 1965, Abstract No. 4684e, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20006. Phe = July 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 123 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE POLLUTION: "U.S. A.--How new tuna plant in metropolitan area precludes air/water pollution," article, Ocean Fisheries, vol. 1, Oct. 1965, pp. 20-21, printed. Ocean Fisheries, Miller Freeman Publishers, 500 Howard St., San Francisco, Calif. 94105, PROCESSING: "Fish as food. IV--Processing. Part 2," article, Food Engineering, vol. 37, Oct. 1965, p. 162, print- ed. Chilton Co., Chestnut and 56th Sts., Philadel- phia, Pa. 19139. "A frozen boilable pouch entree processing line," ar- ticle, Quick Frozen Foods, vol. 17, Mar. 1965, pp. 54, 75-76, 136-137, printed. Quick Frozen Foods, E. W. Williams Publications, Inc., 1776 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10019. RADIATION: "Effect of temperature of liquid nitrogen on radiation resistance of spores of Clostridium botulinum," by Nicholas Grecz and others, article, Applied Micro- biology, vol. 13, July 1965, pp. 527-536, printed. Applied Microbiology, Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 East Preston St., Baltimore, Md. 21202. RANCIDITY: "Rancidity in lean fish muscle. IV. Effect of sodium chloride and other salts,"' by C. H. Castell, J. Mac Lean and B. Moore, article, Journal of the Fisher- ies Research Board of Canada, vol. 22, 1965, pp. 929-944, printed. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada. REFRIGERATED SEA WATER: "Sodium, potassium and magnesium concentration and weight changes in fish stored in refrigerated sea water in relation to bio-chemical changes as- sociated with rigor mortis,'' by N. Tomlinson, S. E. Geiger, and W. W. Kay, article, Journal of Food Science, vol. 30, 1965, pp. 126-134, printed. Insti- tute of Food Technologists, 176 West Adams St., Chicago, Il. 60603. REFRIGERATION: "Changes in sardines refrigerated with ice and with- out tetracycline," by Antonio Ferandez Del Riego, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 61, Aug. 31, 1964, Abstract 6262g, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. 20006. "Planned trawler-tuna clipper boasts latest in refrig- eration, article, Fishing Gazette, vol. 82, May 1965, pp. 20-21, 32, printed. Fishing Gazette Publishing Corp., 461 Eighth Ave., New York, N. Y. 10001. "Some new trends in the application of refrigeration to fisheries," by M. Anquez, article, La Revue Gén- érale du Froid, vol. 55, no. 8, August 1964, pp. 875- 880, printed in French. Association Francaise du Froid, 29 Boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris (6®), France. SALMON: Abundance and Size of Juvenile Red Salmon and Ma- Clark, 1962 and 1963, by Orra E. Kerns, Jr., Circu- lar No. 231, 35 pp., processed, Apr. 6, 1965. Fish- eries Research Institute, College of Fisheries, Uni- versity of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98105. Cook Inlet Area Pink Salmon Forecast Studies, 1964- 1966, by Allen S. Davis, Informational Leaflet 74, 13 pp., illus., processed, Mar. 28, 1966, Alaska Depart- ment of Fishing and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska 99801, Factors Influencing Production of Sockeye Salmon (ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA) in Lakes of Southwestern Alaska, by Robert L, Burgner, 10 pp., illus., printed, February 1964. (Reprinted from Verhandlund Inter- national Vereinigung Limnology, vol. XV, Feb. 1964, pp. 504-513.) College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98105. A Microcytic Anemia of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Re- sulting from Diets Deficient in Vitamin E, by Cecil M. Whitmore, Contribution No. 29, 31 pp., illus., printed, March 1965. Oregon Fish Commission Re- search Laboratory, Route 2, Box 31A, Clackamas, Oreg. 97015. Offshore Distribution and Migration of Pacific Salmon (genus Oncorhynchus”) Based on Tagging Studies (1958-1961)," by Heihachi Kondo, Yoshimi Hirano, Nobuyuki Nakayama and Makoto Miyake, Internation- al North Pacific Fisheries Commission Bulletin no. 17, 213 pp., illus., printed, 1965. International North Pacific Fisheries Commission, 6640 NW. Marine Dr., Vancouver 8, B. C., Canada. "Partial freezing as a means of preserving Pacific salmon intended for canning," by N. Tomlinson, S. E. Geiger, W. W. Kay, J. Uthe, and S. W. Roach, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 22, 1965, pp. 955-968, printed. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada. No. 233, 48 pp., processed, 1965. Fisheries Re- search Institute, College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98105. The Salmon Resources and Salmon Fisheries Around the Pacific Ocean, by Dr. Kisaburo Taguchi, 390 pp., illus., printed in Japanese, 1965, 2,800 yen (about US $7.78, postage additional). Koseisha Koseikaku, 8 Banchi, Sanei-cho, Shiujuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. The book contains 7 chapters with over 600 illustrations, tables, charts, and graphs. It describes by major re gions the biology, distribution, and exploitation of the Pacific salmon, including also fishing conditions and gear, conservation and management practices, and the economic and international problems associated with the salmon fisheries of the Pacific. SANITATION: Control of Flies in Fishmongers' Shops, Torry Advis- ory Note no. 23, 6 pp., printed, 1965. Torry Re- search Station, Ministry of Technology, 135 Abbey Road, Aberdeen, Scotland. This Note describes some of the precautions that can be taken to keep shops free from flies. SARDINES: Relatorio Sobre o Estudo da Sardinha em Santa Cata- rina (Janeiro a Dezembro, 1964)--(Report concerning studies of sardines at Santa Catarina--January-De- cember, 1964), 22 pp., illus., processed in Portu- 124 guese, April-May 1965. Centro de Pesquisas de Pesca, Departamento Estadual de Caga e Pesca, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. "Sardine fishing grounds along the Yugoslav Adriatic coast, their distribution and characteristics,'' by Fabjan Grubisic, article, Acta Adriatica, vol. 11, no. 1, 1964, pp. 103-110, printed in Serbo-Croatian with English résumé. Institut za Oceanografyii i Rabarstvo, Split, Yugoslavia. SCALLOPS: Articles from Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 22, printed. Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, Ottawa. (Sold by Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada.): "A comparison-of catches by 3- and 4-inch rings on offshore scallop drags," by Neil Bourne, March 1965, pp. 313-333. "Orange-red meats in sea scallops,'' by Neil Bourne and E. G. Bligh, May 1965, pp. 861-864. "Spectral sensitivity of the scallop Pecten maximus," article, Science, vol. 151, no. 3708, Jan. 21, 1966, pp. 345-346, illus., printed. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005. SEAFOOD INSPECTION: "Should mandatory frozen seafood inspection replace voluntary ?'' article, Quick Frozen Foods, vol. 28, Jan. 1966, pp. 95-98, printed. E. W. Williams Pub- lications, Inc., 1776 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10019. SEAWEEDS: "Algas en la costa de Cadiz'' (Seaweed on the Cadiz coast), article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. 39, no. 920, August 15, 1965, p. 380, printed in Spanish, sin- gle issue 50 ptas. (about US$0.85). Industrias Pes- queras, Policarpo Sanz, 21-2, Vigo, Spain. "From seaweed to alginates (150 types to meet world- wide demand),"' article, Norway Exports, March 1966, pp. 56-58, illus., printed. The Export Council of Norway, Drammensveien 40, Oslo 2, Norway. "Studies on Vitamin B6 in marine products. IV. The distribution of vitamin B6 in seaweeds," by Koichiro Hayashi, article, Report of the Faculty of Fisheries, Prefectural University of Mie, vol. 4, no. 3, 1963, pp. 429-435, printed. Prefectural University of Mie, Otanimachi, Tsu, Mie Prefecture, Japan. SENEGAL: "En matiére de peche, le Sénégal oriente son dévelop- pement vers la capture, le traitement et l'exporta- tion du thon'' (For fisheries Senegal focuses her devel- opment towards the catching, processing and export- ing of tuna), article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 45, no. 1057, April 1966, pp. 235-239, illus., printed in French. Les Editions Maritimes, 190, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France. SHARKS: "The hammerhead sharks of the littoral zone of Sao Paulo, Brazil, with the description of a new species," COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 by Victor Sadowsky, article, Bulletin of Marine Sci- ence, vol. 15, no. 1, 1965, pp. 1-12, printed. Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, 1 Ricken- backer Causeway, Miami, Fla. 33149. SHRIMP: "“Auto-peeler installed for Maine shrimp," by Jean Doughty, article, National Fisherman, vol. 45, Feb. 1965, p. 2, printed. National Fisherman, 22 Main St., Camden, Me. 04843. Les Crevettes Penaeides du Plateau Continental Mal- gache (The Peneid shrimp of the Malagasy Continen- tal Shelf), by Alain Crosnier, Cahiers O.R.S.T.O.M.- Oceanographie, Supplément au vol. III, no. 3, 1965, 158 pp., illus., processed in French, single issue 20 F.(US$4.10) plus postage. Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer, 24, rue Bayard, Paris 80, France, "La gamba rosada o carabinero"' (The pink shrimp or carabinero), article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. 39, no. 920, August 15, 1965, p. 376, printed in Spanish, single issue 50 ptas. (about US$0.85). Industrias Pesqueras, Policarpo Sanz, 21-2, Vigo, Spain. Gulf of Carpentaria Prawn Survey Committee, by G. G. T. Harrison, G. L. Kesteven, and C. G. Setter, Fish- eries Notes, vol. 2, no. 1, February 1965, 22 pp., printed. S. G. Reid, Government Printer, Brisbane, Australia. This report gives an account of the cir- cumstances and decisions leading up to the initiation of the Gulf of Carpentaria Prawn Survey, and of the general outline of the first year's operations, A sum- mary of results is given and the conduct of opera- _- ‘tons is reviewed. Some tentative conclusions are dacawn from the observations made in the course of the first year's operations. Articles from Rapport et Proces Verbaux des Reun- ions, vol, 156, GEE printed in French and English. Conseil Permanent International pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund Slot, Denmark: "Les crevettes profondes de la region Atlantique ibero- marocaine; répartition bathymétrique et géograph- ique, importance €conomique"' (Deep-water shrimp of the Ibero-Moroccan Atlantic region: depth and geo- graphic distribution, economic importance), by Cl. Maurine, pp. 116-119, "The deep-sea prawn (Pandalus borealis) in Icelandic waters, by Adalsteinn Sigurdsson and Ingvar Hall- grimsson, pp. 105-108. "Dynamics of a penaeid shrimp population and man- agement implications,'' by Joseph H. Kutkuhn, pp. 120-122. SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT: Numerical Control for the Small Manufacturer, by Jack Moorhead, Management Aid No. 181, 4 pp., printed, February 1966. Small Business Administra- tion, Washington, D. C. 20416. Numerical control is a fairly new production technique which uses punched cards or magnetic or paper tape to command a ma- chine. Metalworking plants use numerical control to control machine tools such as drills, lathes, mills, and boring machines. Numerical control has greater July 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 125 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH ANDO WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM, scope and potential than it may appear because it TARIFFS: has the possibility of being applied to any plant Tariff Schedules of the United States, Annotated, 1965, where sequence and timing are important. This Supplement 3, TC Publication 163, 87 pp., processed, aid describes how numerical control works, dis- May 1, 1966. United States Tariff Commission, cusses its advantages and disadvantages, and offers Washington, D. C, 20436. (For sale by the Superin- a guide which should be useful when it is introduced tendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Of- in a plant. fice, Washington, D. C. 20402. SOUTH ATLANTIC: TOADFISH: "Oceanography of the western South Atlantic,'’ by How-| Food Habits of the Toadfish OPSANUS TAU (L.), in ard L. Sanders, article, Science, vol. 147, no. 3654, New Jersey Waters, by John J. McDermott, 8 pp., il- 1965, pp. 183-184, printed. American Association lus., printed, 1964. (Reprinted from Proceedings of for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachu- the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, vol. XXXVIII, setts Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005, 1964, pp. 64-71.) Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa. 17604. SPAIN: Articles from Boletin de Informacion, illus., printed TRANSPORTATION: in Spanish. Sindicato Nacional de la Pesca, Paseo "A practical system of the storage of fish on board del Prada, 18-20, Madrid, Spain: ship,"' by E. Scarlatti, article, La Revue Générale du Froid, vol. 55, no. 8, August 1964, pp. 863-869, illus., "El comercio exterior del sector pesca en 1965" printed in French. Association Francaise du Froid, (Foreign trade in fishery products, 1965), no. 90, 29 Boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris (6€), France. March 1966, pp. 17-19. "What full-service truck leasing can mean to the sea- "Normalizacion de envases para conservas de pes- food industry," by Robert W. Anderson, article, Fish cado'"' (Standards for packing canned fish), no. 89, Boat, vol. 10, May 1965, p. 33, printed. H. L. Peace February 1966, pp. 8-15. Publications, 624 Gravier St., New Orleans, La. gers he 70150. "Los costos y beneficios de la flota de arrastre de TRAWLERS: San Carlos de la Rapita'' (The costs and profits of "Freezing trawlers and their equipment," by S. Forbes the trawler fleet of San Carlos de la Rapita), by Pearson, article, Supplement to Fishing News and Luis Millan Roca, article, Puntal, vol. XII, no. 138, Fishing News International, July 1965, pp. 24-39, il- September 1965, pp. 2-5, illus., printed in Spanish. lus., printed. The Fishing News, Ludgate House, 120 Puntal, Apartado 316, Alicante, Spain. Fleet Street, London E.C. 4, England. "Ispanya'da balikcilik endustrilerine yapilan mali TRAWLING: yardimlar" (Subsidies and other financial support to "Frequency distribution of catch per tow by the Dan- the fishing industries of Spain), by Kisim I. Muhte- ish trawlers in the waters off the Bristol Bay, with lif Mali Yardimlarin Tetkiki, article, Balik ve Bal- some consideration on the relation of total catch to ikcilik, vol. XIII, no. 11, November 1965, pp. 13-19, the weight limit of hauling,"' by Maeda Hiroshi, Yuta- printed in Turkish, Et ve Balik Kurumu G, M., ka Nakada and Kinjiro Fujiwara, article, Researches Balikcilik Mudiirlugu, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey. on Population Ecology, vol. 4, no. 1, 1962, pp. 17-27, printed. Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Sak- SPINY LOBSTERS: yo-Ku, Kyoto, Japan. "The spiny lobster, Jasus lalandei (H. Milne-Ed- wards) in south Australia III. Food, feeding, and TROUT: locomotor activity,'' by D. R. Fielder, article, Aus- "Storage life of vacuum packed ice trout,'' by P. Han- tralian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, sen and B. V. Jorgensen, article, Journal of the Sci- vol. 16, no. 5, December 1965, pp. 351-367, illus., ence of Food and Agriculture, vol. 16, 1965, p. 152, printed, $A1 (US$1.12). Commonwealth Scientific printed. Society of Chemical Industry, 14 Belgrave and Industrial Research Organization, 372 Albert Square, London, SW1, England. St., East Melbourne, C. 2, Victoria, Australia. TUNA: ''Vema Seamount reviewed after one year of rock lobster "Azione del glutammato monosodico sul tonno in sca- fishing," by A. E. F, Heydorn, article, The South Afri- tola'' (Effect of monosodium glutamate on canned can Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, vol. tuna), by Duilio Pirati, article, Industria Conserve, XXI, no. 3, March 1966, pp. B95, illus., printed, vol. XLI, no. 1, January-March 1966, pp. 7-11, print- single issue R0.30 (US$0.42). Thomson Newspapers, ed in Italian, single issue L. 2,000 (US$3.20). Sta- South Africa (Pty.) Ltd., Box 80, Cape Town, South zione Sperimentale per 1'{Industria delle Conserve Africa. Alimentari in Parma, Via Tanara 33, Parma, Italy. SPONGES: Bulletin of Fishery Statistics 1964 (tunas, bonitos, "Sponge: effect on the form of reef corals," article, skipjacks), no. 11, 124 pp., printed in English, Science, vol. 151, no. 3708, Jan. 21, 1966, pp. 343- French, and Spanish, 1966. Food and Agriculture Or- 344, illus., printed. American Association for the ganization of the United Nations, Viale della Terme Advancement ‘of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Consists mostly of tables NW., Washington, D. C. 20005. that show data on tuna-like and mackerel-like scom- 126 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. briforms: catches in all oceans; catches in the At- lantic; processed production, exports, and imports; and the Japanese Atlantic fishery. Greening in Tuna and Related Species, by N. Tomlin- son (with appendices by E. Bilinski, A. G. Comer, S. E. Geiger, et al), Bulletin of the Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada No. 150, 21 pp., illus., printed, 1966, C$1.25. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada. This bulletin reviews the literature re- garding the development of undesirable tan to brown ish-green ("greening") colors in tuna during pre- cooking. Tests are described, and their limitations indicated, for predicting whether or not tuna will yield green meat when cooked. The information available concerning the use of certain additives (re ducing agents and nitrogenous haemochrome-form- ing compounds) during canning of tuna as a means of eliminating greening is considered, and local ex- perience with the use of some of these compounds (ascorbic acid, sodium nitrite, and nicotinamide) is described. "On the oceanographical condition and the distribu- tion of tuna fish in the Coral Sea in December 1962, by Teruo Sato, Seikichi Mishima, Kenji Shimazaki, and Shoichi Yamamoto, article, Bulletin of the Fac- ulty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, vol. 15; Sep- tember 1964, pp. 89-102, printed. Faculty of Fish- eries, Hokkaido University, Kameda-Machi, Hako- date, Japan. "Southern bluefin tuna populations in south-west Aus- tralia," by J. S. Hynd, article, Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, vol. 16, no. 1, _ 1965, pp. 25-32, printed. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, 314 Albert St., East Melbourne, C.2, Victoria, Australia. TURKEY: The following are from Balik ve Balikcilik, printed in Turkish. Et ve Balik Kurumu G. M., Balikcilik Mudiirligii, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey: vol. XIII, no. 11, November 1965, pp. 8-12, in- cludes article: "Balik kutu konserveciligimizin gelismesine mani Olan Meseleler ve Tedbirleri" (Fish canning problems in Turkey), by Hikment Ak- gunes, Hayati ve Tibbi Kimya Mutehassisi. vol, X{V, no. 2, February 1966, 30 pp., illus. In- cludes articles on: ''1963-67 Birinci bes yillik kal- kinma plani 1966 yili programi ve Balikcilik" (The fisheries in 1966 program of the first five years de- velopment plan (1963-1967) of Turkey), pp. 1-3; "De niz yosunlarindan kahverengi algler (nemer su yo- sunlari)--Kisim II" (The brown algae, algin from kelps and fucoids (Part II), by Hikmet Akgunes, Ha- yati ve Tibbi Kimya Mutehassiai, pp. 10-15; "1965 Senesinde, kigtan ag dokup toplayan trol gemisinde yeni ilerlemeler--Kisim I'' (New progress of the stern-trawler during 1965 (Part I), pp. 16-20. vol. XIV, no. 3, March 1966, 31 pp., illus. In- cludes articles on: ''1965 Senesinde, kictan ag dok- up toplayan trol gemisinde yeni ilerlemeler--Kisim II'' (New progresses of the stern-trawler during 1965--Part II), pp. 10-13; 'Deniz yosunlarindan kahverengi algler (Esumer su yosulari)--Kisim III" (The brown algae, algin from kelps and fucids--Part Ill), by Kikmet Akgunes, Hayati ve Tibbi Kimya Mute hassisi, pp. 14-17; "1965 Su urunleri ve mamulleri ile yan urunleri ihracatimiz" (1965 Aquatic products, fish products and byproducts exports of Turkey), pp. 17-21, 7 vol. XIV, no. 4, April 1966, 32 pp., illus. Includes articles on: "Deniz yosunlarindan kirmizialgler ~ (Kirmuizi su yosunlari). Kisim IV" (The red algae. Part IV), by Hikmet Akgunes, pp. 9-13; "Soguk ve balikcilik. I--Dunya denilerinde hizli dondurma tat- bikati (Kisim I)'"’ (Cold storage and fishing. I--Ap- plication of quick freezing on board (Part I), by Mak. Y. Muh, Erol Ertas, pp. 14-18; "Yugoslavyada balik- cilik endustrilerine yapilan mali yardimlar" (Subsi- dies and other financial support to the fishing indus- tries of Yugoslavia), by Kisim I. Muhtelif Mali Yard- imlarin Tetkiki, pp. 19-21; "1965 Yilinda Istanbul balik hallerine satilan su urunleri" (Aquatic products sold at fish market of Istanbul), pp. 21-24. U.S.S.R. "La industria Sovietica de la conserva" (The Soviet canning industry), by Jean Legrand, article, Informa- cion Conservera, vol. XIII, no. 140, Aug. 1965, pp. 296-301, illus., printed in Spanish. Informacion Con- servera, Garrigues, 21, Valencia-1, Spain. The following are from Okeanologiia, printed in Rus- sian with English table of contents. Akademiia, Nauk S.S.R., Kugnetskii Most 9-10, MoscowK-31, U.S.S.R.: vol. 4, no. 6, 1964. Includes article: "The re- cent status of world fisheries and prospects for its development,’ by G. V. Martinsen, pp. 939-953. vol. 5, no. 2, 1965. Includes article: "The dis- tribution of algae near the shores of western Kam- chatka," by V. B. Vozzhinskaya, pp. 348-353. vol. 5, no. 6, 1965. Includes articles: "The use of mechanical computers for ship-board processing of hydrometeorological information,"' by A. N. Shekhtman, pp. 1110-1112; ''The 36th cruise of the research vessel Vitiaz,'' by G. B. Udintsey, pp. 1113- 1118; '"Meteor, a new research vessel of the Federal Republic of Germany," by L. A. Zenkevich, p. 1119; "New methods for underwater investigation in the U.S.,"" by V. G. Samarin and P. A. Borovikov, pp. 1120-1122; "A new Japanese research submarine, by I. V. Farengolts, p. 1123. 1" UNITED KINGDOM: Annual Report of the Director of Fishery Research, 1965, 90 pp., illus., processed, March 1966 Fisher- ies Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. This report describes the work done in Great Britain during 1965 in the four laboratories which comprise the Direc- torate of Fishery Research in the Ministry of Agri- culture, Fisheries and Food--the Fisheries Labora- tory, Lowestoft; the Radiobiological Laboratory, Ham- ilton Dock, Lowestoft; the Fisheries Laboratory, Burnham-on-Crouch; and the Fisheries Experiment Station, Conway. Included in the report are descrip- tions of studies on demersal fish populations, pelagic fisheries, fish behavior and fish physiology, fish cul- tivation, Irish Sea young fish, plankton, shellfish July 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 127 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. rearing, shellfish biology and cultivation, shellfish pests, and microbiology and shellfish cleansing. Al- so included are descriptions of gear research; in- strument development; hydrography, radioactive waste disposal, health physics, and radiobiology; and other projects. A publications list is included. "Trends in world fisheries," by Roy I. Jackson, arti- cle, The Fishing News, 2761, May 1966, pp. 6-7, printed, single issue 1s. (about US$0.14). Arthur J. Heighway Publications Ltd., 110 Fleet St., London, E.C. 4, England. The author, Assistant Director- General (Fisheries) Food & Agriculture Organiza- tion, looks at the British fishing industry in the con- text of the world's commercial fisheries; examines trends in catching and processing methods, fishing areas and consumption, and relates them to British fishing problems. White Fish Authority Product Development, Research & Development Bulletin no. 19, 3 pp., processed, April 1966. Research Secretary, The White Fish Authority, 2/3 Cursitor St., London, E.C. 4, England. URUGUAY: Foreign Trade Regulations of Uruguay, by James K. Ferguson, Overseas Business Reports 66-14, 7 pp., printed, April 1966, single copy $0.35. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S, Department of Com- merce, Washington, D. C. (Sold by Commerce Dept. field offices or Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras, vol. I, no. 4, pp. 265-350, illus., printed in Spanish, 1965, US$5.00. Instituto de Investigaciones Pes- queras, Facultad de Veterinaria, Alberto Lasplaces 1550, Montevideo, Uruguay. Includes articles on: "Salsas de pescado fermentadas y bio-proteo-caten- olizado de pescado (B.P.C.)" (Fermented fish sauce and bio-proteo-catenolized (B.P.C.) fish--a compar ative study), by Victor H. Bertullo, Carlos Alvarez, and Rubens Scelza, pp. 265-283; ''Elaboraci6n ex- perimental de harina de pescado con anchoita (En - raulis anchoita, Marini)" (Experimental produc- tion of fish meal from anchovy), by Victor H. Ber- tullo, Jorge Amaro Padilla, and Carlos Alvarez, pp. 285-290; "Concentrados proteicos de pescado" (Fish protein concentrate), by Braulio G. de los Santos Crosa, pp. 291-303; ''El consumo de pescado en el Uruguay--Una vision real del problema" (Fish con- sumption in Uruguay--a real look at the problem), by Victor H. Bertullo, pp. 305-313. VENEZUELA: Explotacion y Procesamiento del Camaron (Produc- tion and Processing of Shrimp), by Juan J. Pericchi Lopez, La Industria del Camaron en Venezuela (The Shrimp Industry of Venezuela), 85 pp., illus., proc- essed in Spanish, 1965. Corporacion Venezolana de Fomento, Sub-Gerencia de Servicios Tecnicos, Unidad de Estudios, Caracas, Venezuela. La Biologia y Pesqueria del Camaron en la Zona Oc- “cidental (rhe Biology and Fishery for Shrimp in the Western Area), by Joseph Jay Ewald, Primer In- forme Anual al Fondo Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, 36 pp., illus., processed in Spanish, August 1964. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela. Produccion Pesquera de Venezuela durante los Meses de Enero, Febrero, Marzo y Abril del Ano 1964 (Fish- ery Production in Venezuela during the Months of January, February, March and April of 1964), by Luis Rafael Salazar F., Boletin de Pesca No. 6, 76 pp., processed in Spanish, 1965. Centro de Investigacion- es Pesqueras, Direccion de Investigacion, Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria, Cumana, Venezuela. VIRGINIA: Records and Distribution Problems of Fishes of the North, Middle, and South Forks of the Holston River, Virginia, by Robert D. Ross and James E. Carico, Technical Bulletin 161, 24 pp., illus., printed, June 1963. Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Vir- ginia Polytechnic Institute, Blackburg, Va. 24060. WHALE OIL: "The liver oil of the black right whale (Eubalaens gla- cialis)|' by Hideo Tsuyuki and others, article, Chemi- cal Abstracts, vol. 60, June 22, 1964, Abstract No. T6285c, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20006. WHALES: _ "The quiet gray whale (Eschrichtius glaucus)," by R. A. Rasmussen and N. E. Head, article, Deep-Sea Re- search and Oceanographic Abstracts, VOlsel2ssnoO sos December 1965, pp. 869-877, illus., printed, sub- scription for private use £3 10s. (US$10). Hadding- ton Hill Hall, Oxford, England. WHITEFISH: "Candling for the detection of triaenophorus crassus cysts in whitefish," by W. Budde, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 22, tawa, Canada. ZAMBIA: "The development of Zambia's fishing industry,'' by W. S. Steel, O. B. E., and M. A. E. Mortimer, article, Optima, vol. 16, no. 1, March 1966, pp. 31-38, illus., printed in English. Anglo American Corporation of South Africa Limited, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa. 128 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 7 "FISH AND SHELLFISH OVER THE COALS" RECIPE BOOKLET REISSUED With the arrival of the outdoor cooking season in most sections of the Na- tion, the popular recipe booklet ''Fish and Shellfish Over the Coals" is again made available by the U.S. Department of the Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. The booklet was originally published SC CEISEE last summer, and found immediate popularity with backyard chefs and sport fishermen. Many yer The anglers ''borrowed"' the household copy to help oals in preparing their catch while on fishing trips. The publication is part of the Bureau's con- the United States to better acquaint the public 'with the economy and nutritive value of fish and % Kernan, Bureau Director. Bureau home economists tested nearly 40 3 recipes for outdoor cooking of various seafood - delicacies, such as lobster tails, broiled scal- lops, flounder with crab stuffing, rainbow trout, and many others. 4 "Fish and Shellfish Over the Coals" (Test 4 KitchenSeries No. 14), which features easy-to- follow recipes and full-color illustrations, is available for 40 cents from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. ie GREAT CIRCLE OCEAN RIVER IN PACIFIC OCEAN PROBED Scientists are probing the depth, origin and flow rate of the great circular ocean river that constantly surges around the edges of the Pacific Ocean. This vast belt of moving water, sometimes 600 miles wide, affects in many unknown ways the weather and climate of Pacific shores, as well as the movements of fish, crabs, plants, and other marine life. The currentflows westalong the northedge of the equator, turns north at the Philippines to form the Kuroshio Current, then crosses the North Pacific and heads south along the Pa- cific coast as the California Current. Reports on the originand depth of the Kuroshio Current, the Pacific Ocean's equivalent of the Atlantic's Gulf Stream, were made by a Japanese ocean survey group. It was the first phase of a cooperative ocean current study coordinated by the Intergovernmental Oceano- graphic Commission, which is sponsored by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (Science News Letter, February 12, 1966.) USDI ig STANDARDS ON FISHERY PRODUCTS . ASSURE... - ee ma = Mull MR sen... APNE FESS ny AOE Fe AUGUST 1966 VOL. 28, NO. 8 Gs S = Qs Lay _ = = hay = Is La, © bes = lay = Is = a, buy =) i) Lay = ~ ~” | Wy bes = = =) WD ® "== ® & S23 "= = sic fee es . © Se as 3S © ee = 5 zo = <= oS Wu. @ x s = =) © & a ~~) sy 20 S a] = i7) >) = UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES FISH AND WILDLIFE AND PARKS DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR STANLEY A. CAIN, ASST. SECRETARY a | = COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Ta wll Joseph Pileggi, Editor G.A. Albano and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors Address correspondence and requests to the: Fishery Market News Service, U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in materialfrom outside sources, Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprintedfreely, reference to the source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. 5/31/68 = CONTENTS COVER: Shows cod end of 52-foot (headrope) trawl with alewife catch of over 6,000 pounds. The catch was made ina 15-minute drag inside Chicago Harbor by the U. S, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries explora- tory fishing vessel Kaho. (See page 29, M/V Kaho Cruise 32.) Page 1 ..The Industrial Fisheries of Tomorrow--Charting the Course, by Donald L. McKernan 5 ..Third Technical Meeting on Fishing Boats, by Edward A. Schaefers and Thomas Pross 11 ..Heat Inactivation of Thiaminase in Whole Fish, by R. H. Gnaedinger and R. A. Krzeczkowski Page Page TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Alaska Fisheries Explorations and Gear De- Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: velopment: 22 .. Tuna Behavior and Hearing Ability Studies 15 .. Shrimp Resources in Southeastern Waters 23... Oceanographic Research Project Conducted Surveyed South of the Hawaiian Islands California: Columbia River: 17 .. Various Species of Fish Collected for Bio- 25 .. Shad Netting Activities during 1966 Season logical Studies 26 .. Federal Grant to Aid Oyster Industry 18 .. Survey of Shrimp Resources in Coastal Wa- Federal Aid for Sport Fish and Wildlife Res- ters Continued toration: 18 .. Oceanographic Studies in California Coastal 26 .. Interior Apportions Funds to States for Waters FY 1967 19 .. Pelagic Fish Population Survey Continued Federal Purchases of Fishery Products: 20 .. Abalone Observations and Growth Studies 27... Department of Defense Purchases, May 1966 Continued Georgia: 21 .. San Francisco Bay Investigations Con- 27... Fishery Landings and Trends, 1965 tinued Great Lakes: 22 .. Sea Otter Population Determined by Census 28 .. Michigan Outlines Fish Management Goals 22 .. Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, Janu- 29 .. Michigan Provided with Splake Brood Stock ary-April 1966 for Lake Huron Plantings Contents continued page Il. II Page 29 31 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 38 39 39 41 41 42 42 43 44 45 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Great Lakes Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development: Seasonal Distribution and Abundance Studies of Alewife and Chub in Lake Michigan Con- tinued Great Lakes Fishery Investigations: Biological Research and Sea Lamprey Con- trol, May 1966 Industrial Fishery Products: U. S. Demand for Fish Meal in 1965 U. S. Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles: Production by Areas, June 1966 Production, April 1966 U.S, Fish Meal and Solubles: Production and Imports, January-April 1966 Inland Fisheries Explorations and Gear De- velopment: Oahe Reservoir Trawling Studies Maine Sardines: Quality Control Program Found Effective National Fisheries Institute: Advertising and Merchandising Managers' Contest is Feature of 1966 "Fish 'n Sea- food Parade" Nautical Charts: New Tidal Current Tables Issued for Long Island and Block Island Sounds New Chart Issued for Block Island Sound North Atlantic Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development: Surf Clam Survey Continued North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations: Research Vessel Albatross IV Sets Record for Days at Sea Distribution of Zooplankton Studied North Pacific Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development: Hake Population Survey Continued Oceanography: Student Work-Study Program of U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office Oregon: Chinook Fingerling Liberation Tied-in with Bonneville Hatchery Exhibit Salmon Spawning Areas Opened by Removal of Dam Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission: Annual Spring Meeting for 1966 Held Salmon: U.S. Pacific Coast Canned Stocks, June 1, 1966 Fingerlings Are ''Branded" in Migration Studies South Atlantic Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development: Migrations and Seasonal Distribution of Pe- lagic Fish in Florida Straits Studied U. S. Fishing Vessels: Fisheries Loan Fund and Other Financial Aid for Vessels, April 1-June 30, 1966 Documentations Issued and Cancelled, April 1966 Wholesale Prices: Edible Fish and Shellfish, June 1966 Page 50 FOREIGN: International: Fish Meal: Production and Exports for Selected Coun- tries, January-February 1966 International North Pacific Fisheries Con- vention: Japan Asks Removal of Abstention Line Codex Alimentarius: Third Meeting of Committee on Food Hy- giene Oceanography: United States Exhibit in Germany Resched- uled North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission: Fourth Annual Meeting Argentina: Tuna Fisheries, 1960-64 Australia: Tuna Catch, 1965/66 Season Brazil: New Oceanographic Vessel to be Launched in 1967 Bulgaria: Imports of Greek Fishery Products Canada: Lobster Fishermen in Newfoundland to be Compensated for Storm Losses Firm Promotes Fresh-Water Fish Exports to Europe Cuba: Spiny Lobster Landings and Exports Plans for Revival of Sponge Industry Denmark: Fishery Exports, January-March 1966 Ecuador: Shrimp Exports, 1965 Finland: Proposal to Develop Offshore Fishing Fleet France: Fishery Trends, 1965 Guyana: Shrimp Exports and Vessels, 1965 Japan: Fishery Landings Set Record in 1965 Fish Catch is Down and Imports Are Up Fresh and Frozen Tuna Exports to Overseas Bases, Business Year 1965 New Canned Tuna Export Validation Standard Adopted Fish Landings in Yaizu, May 1966 Pole-and-Line Tuna Fishing Trends Reduces Use of Deck-Carried Tuna-Fishing Vessels Refueling Base in Indian Ocean Planned for Tuna Long-Liners Fishing Affected by Mauritania's Extension of Fishing Limits Tuna Fishermen Request Lower Interest Rates on Government Loans Computer for Identifying Tuna Schools Under Development Salmon Landings Higher, Prices Lower Than 1965 Firm Explores for Arctic Ocean Salmon Contents continued page III. August 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW IIL Page 63 63 63 64 64 64 65 65 65 65 65 66 67 68 68 68 69 69 69 70 70 71 71 {fal 72 Page FOREIGN (Contd.): FOREIGN (Contd.): Japan (Contd.): Spain: Exports of Canned Mackerel to United States 72 .. Automated Tuna Vessel Being Built Increasing Tanzania: Exploring Bottomfish Resource off East 72 .. Fishery Aid from U.S.S.R. Africa Togo: Fishing Vessels Licensed by Fisheries 72 .. Fisheries Development Agency Uganda: Industry Submits Recommendations on Fur 73... Fisheries Aid from Israel Seals U.S.S.R.: Government to Compensate Owners of Seized 73 .. #Flounder Fishery Off Kurile Islands Vessels 73 .. Pacific Hake Utilization Utilization of Saury in 1965 73 .. Deliveries of Herring to Japanese on the Whaling in East China Sea Reactivated High Seas North Korea: 74 .. Pacific Fishing Fleet Additions Soviet-North Korean Fisheries Commission 74 .. Far Eastern Fisheries Receive Two New Meets Factory Stern Trawlers Republic of Korea: 74 .. New Oceanographic Vessel Refrigerated Tuna Vessels Assigned to 75 .. Exploratory Fishing in Northern Bering Sea American Samoa 75 .. Fishery Research in the Pacific Libya: 75 .. Saury Research Off U.S. Coasts Fishing Vessels Ordered from Poland 75 .. Oceanographic Research Vessel Ends Atlan- Malaysia: tic Studies Survey of Marine Fishery Resources in Co- United Arab Republic: operation with Thailand 75 .. Joint Fishery Research with U.S.S.R. Mexico: United Kingdom: Shrimp Trends, First Quarter 1966 75 .. Supply and Disposition of Frozen Processed Fishing Limit of 12 Miles Proposed White Fish, 1953-1965 Norway: 76 .. Warp-Load Meter for Fishing Vessels De- Seed Oysters Exported to France and Den- veloped mark 76 .. Foreign Fishing Off United States Coasts, Peru: June 1966 Banner Year for Fish Meal Production Federal Actions: Poland: Department of the Interior: New Class of Stern Factory Trawlers to be Fish and Wildlife Law Enforcement: Built by 1967 Bil ans Strengthening of Fish and Wildlife Law En- Fisheries Attache in East Berlin forcement Sought Portugal: Fish and Wildlife Service: Tuna Fishery Development Plans for Cape Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: Verde Islands BP OG Applications for Fishing Vessel Loans Saint Pierre-Et Miquelon: Pidec Regulations on Payment of Subsidies Under Polish Vessels Land Frozen Packed Fish at Fishing Fleet Improvement Act of 1964 Saint Pierre j Amended South Africa: SSitene U. S. Standards for Grades of Frozen Head- Fishing Seasons Changed less Dressed Whiting Adopted Fishing Trends, May 1966 Blowsne Johnson Appointed Pacific Northwest Re- Exports of Live Spiny Lobsters Increase gional Director Canned Pilchards Have Local Market Boom BiONieke New Director of Seattle Technological Fishing Industry Seeks Government Controls Laboratory Appointed on Foreign Operations 85 .. Eighty-Ninth Congress (Second Session) South-West Africa: RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: Fish and Wildlife Service Publications .. Miscellaneous Publications Fishing Trends, May 1966 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $6.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing. IV COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 TOP HONORS GO TO INTERIOR DEPARTMENT FISHERY RECIPE BOOKLET The fishery recipe booklet Fish and Shellfish Over the Coals, issued by the U. S. De- partment of the Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, was one of three of that De- partment's publications awarded top honors as outstanding publications of their kind in the 1966 Federal Editors Association's Pub- lications contest. The awards were made in Washington, D. C., on June 21,1966, by Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey and John W. Macy, Jr., chairman of the Civil Service Commission. The Bureau's fishery recipe booklet re- ceived the awardas the best full-color pub- lication. The other honors to Interior pub- lications were for The Natural Resources of Utah, as the best popular publicationin a se- ries, and Aquatic Pests on Irrigation Sys- tems, as the best technical publication. Fish and Shellfish Over the Coals was acclaimed the outstanding United States Goy- ernment publication released in 1965 in the full color category. The Bureau's Branch of Marketing which created the booklet, was a- warded the Blue Pencil Highest Achievement Award. Vice President Humphrey made many favorable comments regarding the booklet. He said, 'I want to tell you that I just wanted to go right out on the seashore after reading it. It is really great." 24-page illustrated recipe booklet, one of a series presenting appealing and appetizing ways of preparing fishand shellfish. It is an epicurean's delight, and there is nodoubt a- bout that. It can be purchased for 40 cents from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. Allthree publications that were honored were judged on the basis of appearance, or- i ion, presentation of material, read- Fig. 2 - John W. Macy, Jr. presents the Blue Pencil Highest A- SEIN, (eS 4 chievement Award to Charles Butler, the Bureau's Assistant Di- ability, suitability to purpose, and thoughtful rector for Industrial Research. use of space, paper, and type. a ||| qe] Prt ie) wal "| wut i | me wg BUT i Ti (rin zi ft ey all aD uli jee l Q wn“ z; s @ = ° = 9 oO THE INDUSTRIAL FISHERIES OF TOMORROW--CHARTING THE course!’ By Donald L. McKernan Iam grateful for the opportunity to attend the first Annual Meeting of the National Fish Meal and Oil Association. I view with mixed feelings the passing of an era--the Virginia Fishermen's Association meetings--the passing almost of a tradition. But, that is progress; and the new organization is obviously designed to be broad in scope and to be ''good'' for the industry because it is more national in character. It was in February 1958 that I first spoke before the Virginia Fishermen's Association. At that time I pleaded for support for a national program. It appeared at that time that the industrial fishery of this country was in for trouble, and I said at that time, "Tt looks to me our most difficult period lies immediately ahead." I urged us to quit being defensive and go on the offensive in our fisheries. Much fish has been processed since then. I've also been wrong a good many times since, but I wasn't wrong when I made that statement; and it can be to other forms of protein, whether the fish be in the form of a high protein meal or human food. When I spoke to you before, back in 1958, your production of mealwas not much different from this past year (1965)--248,000 tons. Im- ports were less than one-half of this produc- tion, and prices were good. Things have changed. Not long after my first appearance before you, in late 1959 and early 1960 the world price of fish meal began to decline. The industry was in trouble, and the catch of men- haden was high. Many in this room well remember the ef- forts of Government and industry to rapidly or- ganize a world conference on the subject of the production and use of fish meal. Such a confer- ence was held in Rome in late March of 1961. It was a useful conference and brought together in- dustry and scientific leaders from all important producers and users of fish meal. A most useful exchange of views occurred, : and at that time ma) fact --despite the uneconomic Fig. 1 - A large menhaden fishing vessel at the Reedville, Va., conditions of the industry which preceded the dock of an industrial fish plant. 1/An address given by Donald L. McKernan, Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interior, at the First Annual Meeting of the National Fish Meal and Oil Association, Norfolk, Va., February 27-March 1, 1966. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 767 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 conference--cautious optimism prevailed among industry and Government leaders at the con- ference, Much has happened since this meeting. Our own production of fish meal from domestic sources reached a peak during the early 1960's but has declined since. On the other hand, consumption of fish meal in this country has continued to increase through 1964, with the do- mestic production of 235,000 tons being only one-third of the total apparent consumption of 674,000 tons. Thus, during the past 5 years, our own production has become a minor source of the fish meal used in the United States. In fact, the 440,000 tons of meal imported in 1964 was a new record; a record not equaled in 1965, however, mainly due to a scarcity of fish and increasingly heavy worldwide demands. Prices have become dangerously high, as you all know, and world consumption of fish meal as poultry and stock feed might even de- cline if these pricescontinue. There are, how- ever, those inthe audience who are muchmore qualified than I am to discuss this point. It is important to members of the Nation- al Fish Meal and Oil Association to be aware that the world production of fish meal fell in 1965 for the first time since the end of the war two decades ago. It is also pertinent to note that in 1960, our consumption of fish meal was about 20 percent of the world productionof 2.1 Fig. 2 - Brailing menhaden from the pocket or bunt of a purse seine. More modem purse seiners are now equipped with large eal suction hoses to transfer the fish from the net to the vessel. million tons. In 1964 we also used almost 20 percent of the world supply of 3.6 million tons of meal. This surprises me, for I would have thought that world consumption would have increased at a higher rate than in the United States. With this background I would like to look for a moment at the potential world stocks of fish suitable for fish meal production. The better known large stocks of herring-like fishes are being fished close to their capacity--the menhaden, Norwegian herring, Peruvian anchovy, Japanese herring, pilchard, and so on. The phenomenal growth of the Peruvian fishery seems to have reached a peak. Some scientists believe that it was overfished at about 9 million tons in 1964, and this led to the 1965 reduction in catch. That may have been the case; at least, maximum growth of that fishery has occurred and the world is going to have to look elsewhere to find more fish to increase fish meal production. Can it be done? Here at home, our industrial fish catch has declined. This decline--as everyone knows--has occurred because of the serious decline of the Atlantic coast menhaden stocks in 1963. Some improvement in these stocks might be predicted, although no one be- lieves we are going to vastly increase our average yield of menhaden from the Atlantic and Gulf combined. The anchovy stocks off California are a potential source of increased production, although at present, State laws and other economic problems are hampering the development of this fishery. Theoretically it might sustain a yield of 200,000 to 300,000 tons annually. The herring-like fishes of the Gulf of Mexico look promising as a source of supply of in- dustrial fish. Hake on both coasts appear abundant and relatively underfished; thus, it seems reasonable that if the demand for fish meal continues high, the U. S. fishery could probably double its production of fish meal within the next 5 to 10 years. Essentially the same is true elsewhere in the world. The oil sardine of the Western In- dian Ocean and Red Sea, the sardines of the Gulf of Guinea, the stocks of herring-like fishes off South Africa and the east coasts of Africa and South America all lead me to believe that-- August 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 Fig. 3 - Menhaden being pumped from vessel to quarter box (a large steel container designed to hold about 1,000 fish). even though fish meal production has tempo- arily declined--this decline need not continue. Thus, I conclude that the ocean resources are available and that world production of fish meal can at least double, and maybe quadru- Fig. 4 - Shows fish meal being sacked in a menhaden industrial ple, by the full use of these resources. products plant. Let me talk for a moment about the product. There has been a big change in our use of industrial fish. First we used fish meal for fertilizer; and then for poultry and stock feeds, which continues to be the big user of industrial fish. In my view the demand for fish meal as a stock feed supplement will continue, although the form and value of fish meal will continue to improve. Another use for industrial fish products has become common in recent months. That is the use of amore refined and often extracted mealfor petfoods. The product is thus upgraded and the value increased further. Now, another product has been produced from the industrial fishery. A fish protein con- centrate (FPC) for human food has been developed and submitted to the Food and Drug Admin- istration (FDA). Secretary Udall, this past week, sent our findings to Food and Drug along with a petition for the use of FPC as a food additive. The petition will be published this week in the Federal Register and we hope for a favorable response from FDA within a short time. A distinguished committee of experts from the National Academy of Sciences has given this product its wholehearted blessing, and another important use for fish--we hope-- will result with yet a higher value. Without question even more and more valuable products are possible in the future. Yet all is not good. Problems plague us on all sides; not insurmountable ones, yet prob- lems which might well prevent usfrom accomplishing our goal of increased harvests and more valuable products. The resource base for the U.S. industrial fishery is in a tenuous condition. The primary catch depends mainly upon menhaden taken along the Atlantic coast and in the Gulf of Mexico. Both of these resources are being fished very intensively and there is a grave question as to whether they can sustain the current level of effort. 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 Expensive and time-consuming research is required to answer this question. We have begun these studies and intend to aggressively carry out a program to determine the effects of the fisheries on the industrial fish populations. But still other problems face us. It has become quite clear that menhaden require extensive estuaries during their lifetime and, of equal importance, they require favorable environmental conditions within the estuaries during critical periods of their development. But the estuaries along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts are deteriorating. Heavy loads of pollution of all kinds are destroying the estuaries, and physical changes by man are further altering this environment. We are not putting enough effort into studies of the estuaries, and we are rapidly losing this important and productive environment. It seems unlikely to me that species of fish and other aquatic life important to man, which in- habit the estuary, can adjust to the degree necessary for survival under these rapidly deteri- orating conditions. In recent months, the public has been further prejudiced against the industrial fisheries along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. To some extent the problem has arisen because of negli- gence on the part of fishing vessel captains. So, to the extent that the industrial fishery op- erates prudently, taking into account other public uses of the inshore areas and resources, and to the extent that the public can be more fully informed about your conservative fishing practices, you will avoid public criticism and improve your image with conservation groups. Then, there is the constant threat of foreign fishing fleets off our coasts. While at the moment there appears to be no threat to the menhaden fishery, this could change overnight. It is likely that menhaden can be found in concentrations beyond our territorial limits and could be harvested by these fleets on the high seas. Much more thought needs to be given as to how we can best protect our special interests; and it behooves us--Government as well as industry--to make sure that we do not wait too long. Editor's Note: The U. S. menhaden catch in 1965 was 1.7 billion pounds and accounted for 36 percent of the total catch of all species. U.S. fish meal production (menhaden, herring, tuna, etc.) in 1965 totaled 253,400 tons; imports of fish meal and scrap in that year amounted to 270,666 tons. Notice of the Department of the Interior's petition to the Food and Drug Administration to approve as a food additive a protein concentrate made from whole fish, was published in the Federal Register, March 2, 1966. apc | [ er —s ox LEGEND: °-BT. a- STD STATION. @-LONG-LINE STATION. *-PLANKTON TOW, v-BIRD FLOCK, YiY Track chart of research vessel Townsend Cromwell Cruise 23 (March 14-April 1, 1966). August 1966 best catches of big-eyed tuna in recent years were made there. A total of 34 STD lowerings and 55 BT low- erings were made to study the water struc- ture in the vicinity of the cooperating Hawaii- an long-liners (the Kaku, Pulpo, and Aukai) and southward to the subsurface front area. The STD lowerings made while traveling south indicated that the subsurface front was lo- cated approximately at latitude 12930' N., longitude 158°00' W. The results showed that the long-liners were fishing about 180 miles north of the subsurface front area where transitional waters with surface salinities of 34.60-34.70 percent overlayed a tongue of North Pacific Central Water located at depths centered at about 130 meters (427 feet) with salinities of 35.05-35.06 percent. A total of 5 long-line stations using 60 bas - kets of 6-hook gear were occupied along long- itude 158° 00' W. while headed south to locate the subsurface front; 5 stations were made in the front area and 5 were made in the area fished by the cooperating long-liners. A total of 45 big-eyed tuna (28-205 pounds), 37 striped marlin, 2 white marlin, 11 shortnosed spear- fish, 31 dolphin, 74 great blue shark, 11 thresher shark, 3 whitetip shark, 2 mako shark, 30 lancetfish, 9 sting ray, 6 wahoo, 5 skipjack tuna (14-18 pounds), and 7 yellowfin tuna (87- 127 pounds) were caught. The results showed that there were more apex predators caught in the subsurface front area than were caught in the area fished by the local long-liners. Of significant abundance in the front area were the dolphin and shark. The catch of big-eyed tuna in the front area was only slightly better than that made in the area of the long-liners. A total of 41 big-eyed tuna blood samples was collected and preserved. Other activities of the cruise included: standard weather observations; daily thermo- graph records and barograph records were kept; 5 skipjack blood samples were collected and preserved; 3 sting ray were preserved for identification; 1 yellowfin tuna and 1 big- eyed tuna were chilled and 9 big-eyed and 3 yellowfin were frozen for physiological stud- ies, A total of 18 surface plankton tows (30 min- utes each) was taken each night; incidental surface trolling was conducted when traveling between fishing stations and en route to Hon- olulu; weight, length, and sex of all tuna and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 the weight and sex of the marlin were re- corded; and the stomachs of marlin and dol- phin were examined for juvenile tuna whenever possible. ‘Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1966 pp. 9 and 10. nee = Ps r Columbia River SHAD NETTING ACTIVITIES DURING 1966 SEASON: With the Columbia River closed to gill- netting of salmon to protect the summer chi- nook and sockeye runs, both the Oregon Fish Commission and the Oregon State Police re- ceived numerous calls in regard to netting activities along the river, said that State's Fisheries Director. Behind the inquiries was the fact that the shad season was open for commercial fishermen, he pointed out. Under regulations set cooperatively with the Washington Department of Fisheries, the shad season runs from noon May 26 to noon June 25 in area 1-S (vicinity of St. Helens to near Corbett) and from noon May 26 to noon July 15 in area 2-S (near Corbett to the usual commercial fishing deadline 5 miles below Bonneville Dam). During these seasons, there is a 30-hour weekly closure each week from noon Saturday to 6:00 p.m. Sunday. The Fish- eries Director emphasized that because of mesh size, strength, and design of the nets, relatively few salmon and steelhead are taken in the shad fishery. Those that are caught must, by regulation, be immediately returned to the river. The special shad season is set to allow harvest of this abundant species while at the same time protecting the salmon. Studies conducted last year showed that simi- lar regulations satisfactorily accomplished that objective. Although some salmon were taken in the shad nets, most were alive and were returned to the river. Shad were introduced into the Columbia River and also in the Sacramento River in California during the late 1800's. They in- creased rapidly and became established in various other coastal streams. Columbia River shad numbers have been high during recent years, and in 1965 a record 617,000 passed over the fish ladder at Bonneville. Many others spawned in the mainstem Colum- bia below the dam, especially in the Washoug- al Reef area. 26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Despite the excellent flavor of the meat, the fish has not found widespread favor local- ly because of its multitude of fine bones but it is popular on the East Coast. Shad roe, the clusters of tiny eggs, is the most valuable product of the shad fishery. In past years, Columbia River shad land- ings have been as high as 1.4 million pounds for the season. ''Shad catches have been good thus far this season. With the runs apparent- ly on the increase and with greatly improved marketing prospects, it appears that the shad is going to occupy a position of major import- ance in Oregon's valuable food fish fishery," the Oregon Fisheries Director said. (Oregon Fish Commission, Nee 24, 1966.) Connecticut FEDERAL GRANT TO AID OYSTER INDUSTRY: A $200,000 grant to the State of Connecti- cut was approved in June 1966 by Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall to help re- store and put back into production oyster grounds in that State which were severely hit when oysters were killed by drought condi- tions. Drought-caused damage reached a climax in 1965 with a total failure of oyster seed re- sources. Without a natural "'set'' of seed oysters in 1965, the Northeast faces the pos- sibility of no marketable oysters for the 1968- 69 period unless immediate steps are taken to remedy the situation. Since the drought and the failure of oyster set were due to natural causes, the State qualifies for assistance under provisions of a Federal fishery disaster relief law passed in 1964. The law is administered by Inter- ior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, and provides that the Secretary may make avail- able up to $400,000 to aid a fishing industry when a resource disaster occurs. The drought disrupted large areas of oys- ter habitat by causing increased salinity and altering temperatures, according to Bureau scientists. The reduced fresh-water runoff also affected the food supply, protectionfrom predators, and necessary movement of oys- ter larvae. Vol. 28, No. 8 Federal assistance will be supplemented by at least $150,000 of State funds in efforts to restore the industry which once brought oystermen and processors $10 million an- nually. The Federal and State money will be used to plant spawning oysters and finance related operations. Note: See Commercial —_ Review, December 1964 p, 118, Federal Aid for S Sport Fish = and Wildlife Restoration INTERIOR APPORTIONS FUNDS ; TO STATES FOR FY 1967: Federal-aid funds totaling $18,275,000 for fish and wildlife restoration projects were distributed on July 1, 1966, to the 50 states, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and the Common- wealth of Puerto Rico, announced Secretary — ‘of the Interior Stewart L. Udall. The distribution of funds, $3,275,000 great- er than a similar distribution the previous year, was a preliminary apportionment to help states (with small reserve funds) finance Federal-aid operations between July 1 and the final apportionment for the year which comes in the fall, the Interior Secretary said. Of the $18,275,000 allocated, $14,675,000 is for wildlife restoration and $3,600,000 is for sport fishery projects. Fish and wildlife restoration funds come from Federal excise taxes collected from manufacturers, importers, and producers of firearms, fishing rods, and other types of hunting and fishing equipment. Under the Fed- eral aid programs, states spend their own funds on approved projects and are then re- imbursed for up to 75 percent of the cost. The laws establishing those programs also provide $10,000 each for Guam, the Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The total 1967 fiscal year apportion- ments for those areas are included in the funds distributed on July 1. Distribution of the funds is based on the number of paid license holders in a State and the State area. The Federal aid in Fish and Wildlife Restoration programs are adminis- tered by Interior's Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. ote: See Commercial isheries Review, August 1965 p. 34. pS August 1966 Federal Purchases of Fishery Products DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PURCHASES, MAY 1966: Fresh and Frozen: The Armed Forces are a major buyer of fresh and frozen fishery products. Purchases of fresh and frozenfish- ery products for the Armed Forces in May 1966 totaled about 2.8 million pounds with a value of $2.1 million. This represents an im- portant market for the U. S. fishing industry. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 Canned: Tuna and sardines were the main canned fish items purchased forthe Armed Forces in May 1966. Notes: (1) Armed Forces installations generally make some local purchases not included in the data given; actual total purchases are higher than shown because data on local purchases are not obtainable, (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1966 p. 23. U.S, Department of Defense, Defense Personnel Support Source: Center, Philadelphia, Pa, is SRO ee | a OY ee) [cerca 966 RIERSot es 1965 1966 1965 1966 1965 | Qty. | Avg. Cost] Oty. JAvg. Cost] Oty. |Avg. Cost] Oty. Avg. Cost] Oty. | Oty. | : Lb ¢/Lb. | Lbs. $/Lb. Lbs. Lbs. raw Headless. A o6)6% 6 peeled & deveined. PRES CU ey ici ie faces s molded & breaded. siete 116, 600 251,958 406, 650 912,958 u18 771 a 563 soo) aa [878,750] 88 2,926, 069 | 3,027, 680 48,330/ 46 ~_—*|: 202,000 67 139, 800 | 90, 900] 76 1,052,380] 831,784 60, 160 94 71,090 81 3 Flounder. . . Ocean perch. Haddock .. = ae Salmon pemaleteilel eich) ce SWOTdEshWeistlelelellelelic |e Niaymeeerwne if wine April aie er 1966 1965. | 1966 | 1965 38, 836 39, 120 99 249, 342 306,770 17,210) 14,912 81 147, 640 183, 654 56, 046) 118 54,032] 94 396, 982 es ss 2, 807 2,253. | 2,029 1966 | 1965 In May 1966 purchases of fresh and frozen fishery products for the Armed Forces were up 24.6 percent in quantity and 31.0 percent in value from the previous month. The increase was due mainly to much larger purchases of shrimp, ocean perch, and haddock portions. Compared with the same month in the pre- vious year, purchases in May 1966 were up 8.3 percent in quantity and 28.9 percent in value. Average prices were generally higher in May 1966 as compared with the same monthin 1965. AS Ne | NJ ainsr= May | May ne [A pr 1965 | 1966 | 1965 | 1966 [ 1965 | 1966 | 1965 | 1966 Georgia FISHERY LANDINGS AND TRENDS, 1965: Landings of fish and shellfish at Georgia ports during 1965 totaled 20.1 million pounds valued at $4.1 million. Compared with 1964 this was an increase of 9 percent in quantity and 39 percent in value. Production of shrimp was up 2.6 million pounds (heads-on weight) while blue crabs were down 1.3 million pounds; 94 percent of the year's total catch was made up of these two varieties of shellfish. 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW SOUTH™ AROLINA Oe "\c Ge i ek | FLORIDA Wns Fishing districts of Georgia. Georgia's shrimp landings during 1965 a- mounted to 8.5 million pounds (heads-on weight) an increase of 45 percent above 1964, and 15 percent above the 5-year average (1960-1964). The average ex-vessel price per pound (heads-on weight) for shrimp dur- ing 1965 was 40 cents a pound, about 1 cent more than in the previous year. The size composition of the catch affected the overall average ex-vessel price per pound. During 1964, the 21-30 count size accounted for 33 percent of the catch, 31-40 count for 38 per- cent, and 41-67 count for 26 percent. This changed during 1965--the larger size (21-30) count dropped to 24 percent, medium size (31- 40) count dropped to 35 percent, and the smal- ler size (41-67) count increased to 36 per- cent of the catch. Blue crab landings totaled 10.3 million pounds--11 percent lower than in 1964, Ex- vessel prices for crabs taken by otter trawl varied from 3-6 cents a pound. Crabs taken by other types of gear, such as pots, traps, dip nets, or bait trot lines brought prices from 4-7 cents a pound. Oyster production in 1965 totaled 247,698 pounds of meats, an increase of 26.5 percent from 1964. Vol. 28, No. 8 Finfish landings in Georgia showed con- siderable improvement during 1965. The to- tal catch of those species used for human consumption amounted to 816,000 pounds, an increase of 298,000 pounds above the 1964 catch. Of the major species of food, finfish and king whiting showed the greatest increase-- 253,000 pounds compared with 91,000 pounds landed the previous year. Flounder andfresh- water catfish landings also increased sub- stantially from 1964. te MICHIGAN OUTLINES FISH ) MANAGEMENT GOALS: Michigan's commercial fishing interests figure prominently in the State of Michigan Conservation Department's ambitious new program to develop the Great Lakes into the world's greatest fresh-water fishery. That assurance is spelled out in a policy statement recently drawn up by the Department which outlines its goals and guidelines for fishman- - agement in those waters. Great Lakes In explaining the newly drafted policy, the Department's fisheries chief reported, "Our broad goal is to manage the Great Lakes for maximum development of both sport and com- mercial fishing. There is room for both, and there is no reason to predict at this time that one must be sacrificed for the other." The fisheries chief noted, however, that "development of the sport fishery must be our primary management goal when there is a choice to be made.'' He referred to where the emphasis should be placed if conflicts arise between sport and commercial fishing interests in some parts of the Great Lakes. While sport-fishing interests will draw first consideration to produce the greatest recreational and economic returns where con- flicts occur, the Department's overall pro- gram is geared to rebuilding a "profitable and progressive commercial fishing indus - try,'' the fisheries chief stressed. He said there is good reason to believe that both kinds of fishing can be vastly expanded in the Great Lakes where ''we face our greatest fisheries management challenge and our greatest op- portunity." August 1966 "Introduction of predatory species suchas the coho (silver) salmon, which will feed on the trash fish that now dominate the lakes, will benefit both sport and commercial inter- ests. Although those species will be primar- ily for sportsmen to harvest, their predatory influence will help create conditions favorable to commercial species as well,'' he explained. (News Bulletin, Michigan Department of Con- servation, Lansing, May 26, 1966.) ok Ok ok Ok MICHIGAN PROVIDED WITH SPLAKE BROOD STOCK FOR LAKE HURON PLANTINGS: Approximately 6,000 "super" splake finger- lings were flown to Teal Lake near Ishpeming, Mich., this past June by Canada's Ontario De- partment of Lands and Forests to provide brood stock for fish plantings in Lake Huron in 3 or 4 years, according to the Michigan State Department of Conservation. The tiny fish, a highly selective strain of the lake trout and brook trout, were taken to the State of Michigan's Marquette fish hatch- ery where they will be raised tq spawning size. Young splake reared from the future brood fish will then be planted in Lake Huron, starting in 1969 or 1970. By that time, it is expected that chemical treatment work in Lake Huron streams will have made enough progress to give the planted fish a relatively good margin of safety from sea lamprey pre- dation. The first-round fight to controllam- preys in the lake's problem tributaries was opened this spring. The splake were specially perfected by the Canadian government agency to provide planting stock for Lake Huron which will en- joy high survival and reproduce several years earlier than lake trout. Under a joint program to be carried out by the Ontario agency and Michigan Depart- ment of Conservation, this variety of splake will be used exclusively for restoration plant - ings in Lake Huron. Tentative plans call for annually stocking the lake with several mil- lion of the fish for at least 6 years. Ontario and Michigan fisheries officials consider the splake to be much better a- dapted to rehabilitating Lake Huron than the lake trout which are being planted in Lakes Superior and Michigan ’in large num- bers. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 "We have been experimenting on selective strains of splake for about 10 years and this latest variety to be raised as brood stockhere and in Michigan is superior to the other ones we have developed," reported the supervisor of fisheries research for the Ontario Depart- ment. "These fourth and fifth generations of se- lective fish are specially adapted for deep Swimming and therefore will occupy waters of Lake Huron where the lake trout formerly lived,'' he added. The fish have also been de- veloped for early maturity and reach a spawn- ing Stage in 2 or 3 years. By contrast, lake trout do not mature until they are seven years old. "This means," said the supervisor of fish- eries research, "that our planting efforts will be less expensive than they would be with lake trout.'' Compared with lake trout, fewer sep- arate age classes of splake will have to be planted to insure sustained reproduction of the fish, he explained. Ontario and Michigan fisheries officials are highly optimistic that the splake planting program will be a big success. (News Bul- letin, Michigan Department of Conservation, Lansing, June 2, 1966.) Great Lakes Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE STUDIES OF ALEWIFE AND CHUB IN LAKE MICHIGAN CONTINUED: M/V “Kaho” Cruise 32 (May 2-20, 1966): To determine the distribution and measure the relative abundance of alewife and chub stocks, which provide raw material for new pet food and animal food manufacturers, was one of the objectives of this cruise by the exploratory fishing vessel Kaho. The vessel is operated by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interior. Catches of alewife ranging from 3 tons in a 15-minute drag to 4tons ina 1-minute drag ver- ified the fact that this species is still on the in- crease in Lake Michigan and that only asmall percentage of the areas yielding such catches are being used by commercial fishermen. 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Fig. 1 - Alewife catch made by M/V Kaho in 15-minute drag in- side Chicago Harbor, Alewife landings increased from a few hundred pounds in 1956 to about 15 million pounds in 1965. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries investigations, closely associated with the industry during this period of growth, have furnished evidence of the great magni- tude of the resource, of the almost year-a- round availability of alewife to otter (bottom) trawls, of the economic feasibility of pro- ducing alewife at a landed value as little as 1 cent a pound, and of the suitability of alewife for making high-quality pet food and fish meal. Even with the 30-percent increase in ale- wife production expected again this year, the stocks available for harvesting will be hardly Vol. 28, No. 8 touched. According to the present condition and distribution of Lake Michigan alewife populations, a production of 200 million pounds a year is a reasonable goal. Continued Bureau research will maintain close surveillance of the alewife stocks, es- tablish relationships to other important fish species, and strive to improve the economic utilization of this valuable resource. Further evidence of the increasing num- bers of alewife in Lake Michigan in spring 1966 came from such sources as municipal water supply systems, electricity generating utilities, and steel mills. Alewife plugged water intake screens more than ever this year--causing production cut-backs. One ex- ception was the City of Chicago's Central District Filtration Plant, the largest facility of this type in the world, which experienced no difficulty even though large schools moved through the area for a period of about 5 weeks. A special deterent net, built according to Bu- reau recommendations, was setaround the in- take area and is credited with preventing serious problems during the alewife runs. The primary objective of the cruise was to supplement data on the seasonal availability and bathymetric distribution of alewives, chubs, yellow perch, andsmelt. Secondary objectives were to collect fish for botulism studies, monitor the growth rates and distri- bution of newly-planted lake trout, collect depth-frequency data on chubs, alewife, and perch, andcollect fish for food studies. Fig. 2 - Chicago Central District Filtration Plant which supplies water to 2.5 million Chicagoans, Faint white streak near shore at left is the air bubble curtain in operation--used to prevent alewife plugging of water intake screens. August 1966 A total of 44 drags was completed with a 52-food (headrope) fish trawl in southern and central Lake Michigan. All drags were of 30 minutes duration except 16 which were short- ened due to large catches and one which snagged on a bottom obstruction. Bottom top- ography and fish concentrations were contin- uously monitored and recorded with a high resolution echo-sounder. LEGEND: —— TRAWL DRAG. —*— SNAG ENCOUNTERED. FATHOM CONTOUR. 0 60 STATUTE MES 85° 84° ao til Fig. 3 - Lake Michigan explorations by R/V Kaho Cmiise 32 (May 2-20, 1966). Very good catches of alewife were taken in 4 of the 6 areas checked as follows: 8,000 pounds in 1 minute in the entrance piers at Port Washington; 1,800 pounds in 15 minutes at 20 fathoms off Waukegan; 6,350 pounds in 15 minutes inside Chicago Harbor; and 3,100 pounds at 5 fathoms off Benton Harbor. None of those areas are being fished by commercial fishermen. Best catches of alewife off White Lake and Ludington were only 150 and 650 pounds, respectively. Chubs were taken in significant quantities between 25 and 40 fath- oms off Waukegan and Ludington only. Fishing (bottom) temperatures during the cruise ranged from 37° to 44° F. See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1965 p. 27. Lv a= FES LN Dey. — + Great Lakes Fishery Investigations BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND SEA LAMPREY CONTROL, MAY 1966: Some of the highlights of Great Lakes bio- logical research during May 1966 by the Bio- logical Laboratory at Ann Arbor, Mich., op- erated by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 Sea Lamprey Control: The mid-season returns of spawning-run sea lampreys at the assessment barriers on Lake Superior were most encouraging in May 1966 since a 50-per- cent reduction from the previous 4-year low level was becoming evident. The total catch of sea lampreys at the end of May was 2,301, compared with 5,275 lampreys a year earlier. Optimism was running high because a signifi- cant decline occurred in the Brule River where 81 sea lampreys had beentaken as of that time, compared with 2,838 a year earlier. Thecatch from the 3 index barriers on tributaries of northern Green Bay also showed a decrease. A total of 786 sea lampreys was taken com- pared with 2,158 at the same time in 1965. The Ocqueoc River barrier located in north- ern Lake Huron captured 673 lampreys, com- pared with 871 a year earlier. Chemical treatment of lamprey-producing streams progressed rapidly during May. Ini- tial treatments were completed on the 5 re- maining sea lamprey streams in Lake Michi- gan. They were the Galien River, Donns Creek, State Creek, Trail Creek, and Burns Ditch, all tributaries along the south shore of the lake. Completion of the scheduled treatment of Lake Superior streams during fall 1965 has allowed the laboratory's Marquette chemical unit to gain ground on next fiscal year's schedule in Lake Huron. With the approval of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 9 lam- prey-producing tributaries of northern Lake Huron were treated for the first time. Lake Michigan Research: The Laboratory's research vessel Cisco completed a biological cruise on May 31 in southeastern Lake Mich- igan. One of the principal objectives of the cruise was to fishfor alewife and yellow perch larvae and to collect alewives from perch spawning grounds. Collections of other spe- cies and crustaceans also were made to pro- vide material for laboratory studies. Yellow perch began spawning in May off Saugatuck, Mich., at the termination of the cruise. However, about half of the mature females had spawned in the vicinity of Mich- igan City, Ind. Examination of stomachs from alewives taken from the perch spawning grounds revealed no perch eggs. Preliminary information from laboratory feeding experiments designed to determine food preferences of lake trout indicated anap- parent dislike for alewives. Lake trout from 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW a hatchery source, weighing 3 to 5 pounds, quickly caught and killed adult alewives, but did not swallow them. The lake trout readily ate freshly-thawed chunks of chubs (bloaters), but refused similar pieces of alewives. Es- sentially the same preference for bloaters was shown when the chubs and alewives were fed in freshly ground ''soft pellet" form. Reservoir Research: Three trapnets were fished during May 1966 in the Mobridge area of South Dakota and catches were good. Some 400 fish were caught per trap day, compared with 193 in the spring of 1964 and 166 in the spring of 1965. That was an increase of 33 percent by numbers and 10 percent by weight over high catches of previous years. More catches would have been possible except high winds reduced the frequency of lifts. Catch composition and relative species abundance showed little change over previous years al- though crappie and burbot were more abun- dant. Buffalofish of the 1962 year-class com- prised about 75 percent of the total weight of fish caught. About 2,000 buffalofish of the 1962 year-class were tagged in the Mobridge area. Biological samples were routinely col- lected from all species caught in trap nets. Commercial fishermen removed 101,000 pounds of fish during May--a decrease of 10 percent below the catch made during the same period a year earlier. Fishing effort was confined primarily to the embayments of the Moreau and Grand Rivers. Thirty percent of the buffalofish catch in numbers was of the 1962 year-class. Lake Erie Research: Thefirst major bio- logical collection of Sheepshead was made during May inwestern Lake Erie. Some 1,500 fish (1.5 tons) were taken in a single trap net lift and the total catch was processed for bio- logical data. The Bureau's research vessel Musky IL conducted routine operations in the western basin, servicing recording thermographs and sediment collectors. The annual spring trawl sampling in East Harbor was completed to determine the state of juvenile fish popula- tions. Lake Superior Research: Another of the Bureau's research vessels, Siscowet, oper- ated in the Apostle Islands area during the month determining the abundance and distri- bution of lake trout. A total of 911 lake trout was caught, of which 99 percent were fin- Vol. 28, No. 8 marked fish. The abundance of lake trout was generally higher than for the same period a year earlier. The lake trout catch records of the assessment fishermen in the State of Michigan waters of Lake Superior for the month of April showed improvement over the previous year. TAR Industrial Fishery Products U.S. DEMAND FOR FISH MEAL IN 1965: Domestic demand for fish meal has been increasing for some years along with the fast development in the United States of the poultry and hog industries. With world production in 1965 somewhat below 1964, and a strongworld demand, fish meal prices soared to record levels. As a result of increased prices of fish meal relative to prices of other high- protein feed ingredients during 1965, maxi- mum domestic use of fish meal in poultry and animal rations was not realized. Since the broiler industry uses about 70-75 percent of the United States fish meal produc- tion and imports, that industry is the best de- mand indicator for fish meal. During 1965, the U. S. broiler industry continued to grow largely because red meat production was down about 4 percent. As a result, red meat prices increased considerably during the year. Because of a short production period, the broiler industry was able to increase output fast in response to high prices, and was thus able to benefit by lower red meat production. cennseeeienerennay wt a craneenpenee” un seene enn b sete se 1965 Hi r Dollars Per Ton vennan peseeeeenenett H 100 Fig. 1 - Average monthly menhaden meal prices, 1963-65. While U.S. broiler production, and also the potential demand for fish meal increased in 1965, the utilization of fish meal did not increase because of (1) lower world supplies, August 1966 (2) greater fish meal demand in Europe, and (3) the resulting high price levels. The rapidly increasing price levels of fish meal during 1965 caused greater substitution of other feed ingredients in broiler rations. Some feed producers completely eliminated fish meal in broiler rations while others de- creased its use significantly. The price of domestically-produced fish meal is closely related to the world price as two-thirds of the U. S. consumption is sup- plied by imports. The underlying factors which caused fish meal prices to soar torec- ord heights in 1965 were a smaller world production and an increasing demand which resulted in keen competition for available Supplies in the world market. With a strong world demand for fish meal prevailing throughout 1965, and smaller quan- tities available, prices of both foreign and domestic meal rose to record levels. The domestic output of fish meal in 1965 was larger than in 1964, but imports, largely from Peru, were significantly smaller as a result of lower production in that country and high European prices. Dollars Per Ton r auncanspongananceneteeettereestagg,,, | _ Fig. 2 - Average monthly Peruvian fish meal prices, 1963-65. Domestic fish meal prices opened in Jan- uary 1965 about $10-$12 a ton above a year earlier but failed to drop seasonally when the menhaden fishery started in April. Prices of both foreign and domestic fish meal rose steadily throughout the year to levels signifi- cantly above a year earlier and closed at rec- ord prices of $180-$186 a ton in December-- about $40-$45 above a year earlier. (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Branch of Current Economic Analysis, Industrial Fish- ery Products Section.) OK OK OK COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 U.S. FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: Production by Areas, June 1966: Prelimi- nary data as collected by the Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interior: i » Oil, Solubles, jus 1966 (Preliminary) with Canipaeison East & Gulf Coasts . West Coast2/ . CONE OR sers09 | 77244 | srsz4| 98, 80 77,244 Does not include crab meal, ae Ste and liver oils. 2/Includes American Samoa and Puerto Rico. OK KOK OK Production, A pri 1966: During April 1966, a total of 5,42 39; poun nds of marine animal [ Table 1 - U. S. Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, April 1966 1/with Comparisons April Jan.-Apr. Product aese| 1965] 1965| 1/1966 1965 GNdS6-6!.6 Peele 4-dio.o 0 Total 1965 Fish meal and scrap: Herring ......-.. Menhaden 2/...... 4,535| 7,305 Tunaand mackerel. . . 3,184} 1,748 Unclassified ...... | 1,566] 1,492 9,859]10,781 Total3/....... Fish solubles: Menhaden........ eiicnicmren(Le000hPounds) ire saree Oil, body: Herring: ©. +. se Menhaden 2/......- Tunaandmackerel .. Other (inc, whale)... Total oil ...... ji/Preliminary data. 2 /Includes a small quantity of thread herring. '3/Does not include a small quantity of shellfish and marine animal meal and scrap be- cause production data are not available monthly. Source: U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. [ Table 2-U.S. Foreign Trade in Selected Industrial Products, April 1966 1/with Comparisons Jan.-Apr. Total 1965 Product 1/1966 1965 1965 Imports: Fish meal and scrap Fish solubles .... Whale oil, sperm (crude and refined) | Exports: Fish and fish-liver OWS oo Goon 00 0 103 145 Whale and sperm oil 1,900} 3,079 1/Preliminary data. Source: U, 16,509] 11,743]103,807 S, Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 34 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW oils and 9,859 tons of fish meal was produced in the United States. Compare? with April 1965, this was a decrease of 4,723,000 pounds of marine animal oils and 922 tons of fish meal and scrap. Fish solubles production a- mounted to 3,627 tons--an increase of 450 tons as compared with April 1965. kK KK U. S. FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES: Production and Imports, January-April 1966: Based on domestic production andim- ports, the United States available supply of fish meal for the first 4 months in 1966 a- mounted to 133,262 short tons--20,609 tons (or 13.4 percent) less than during the same period in 1965. Domestic production was 658 tons (or 3.5 percent) higher but imports were 21,267 tons (or 15.8 percent) lower than in January-April 1965. Peru continued to lead other countries with shipments of 71,200tons. U. S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January-April 1966 Jan.-Apr. Total 1966 1965 1965 ieeteme(SHOLt LOS) sh nuenye Fish Meal and Scrap: Domestic production: Menhadentyanieieteteneieneionens 5,090 7,468 | 175,838 Tuna and mackerel ...... 9,362 U,222 25,410 Herringeyeyaie tee een erst one 883 1,275 12,859 Othe reer enenen iene ebt isi lis 4,285 2,997 39,264 Total production ..... =[3.20 |_ 18,962 | 253,371 Imports: (CEMECE 55 olb dia oad 0.84 ob ls 13,768 14,059 43,830 Teter Ba idlig Wap dvetS..b5!o 000 71,200 | 114,138 | 209,801 Cimma by s"bid Blo a" oldlalbyalor ovo 22,319 3,458 5,651 INSERT GG o.0 16 Gico ota 6100 22 - 78 Son Afric aye pawe tay °leitere +) iile 955 700 5,100 | Other countries......... 5,378 2,554 6,206 Total imports 113,642 | 134,909 Available fish meal supply . . .|133,262 | 153,871 | 524,037 Fish Solubles 1/: re Domestic production ......- 8,898 5,606 98,017 ort ictosoUsuouc ecko. bvowale 636 706 1,488 aie a pigid oloo alavord 33 = 2 Other countries ........ 1,213 2,133 3,650 Pete) weal asain 1,882 2,839 5,138 [Available fish solubles supply | 10,780 8,445 | 103,155 1/Wet weight basis except for imports from South Africa Republic (included in "other countries"). Source: U, S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. The United States supply of fish solubles during January-April 1966 amounted to10,780 tons --an increase of 27.6 percent as com- pared with the same period in 1965. Domes- tic production of fish solubles increased 58.7 percent andimports of fish solubles decreased 33.7 percent. ARE S) Vol. 28, No. 8 Inland Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development OAHE RESERVOIR TRAWLING STUDIES: Reservoir Research Vessel “Hiodon’ Cruise 6 (May 1966): Another experimental trawling cruise was made in the Oahe Reser- voir in South Dakota, located on the Upper Missouri River. Trawling operations by the reservoir fishery research vessel Hiodon, operated by the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, were con- ducted in Zones 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 during May 1966. FISHING OPERATIONS: A totalof76 drags was made with 35-, 45-, and 52-foot (headrope) trawls. The drags varied from 5 to 15 min- utes duration and were made during daylight hours. Seven drags were incomplete due to fouling of the nets. No drags were attempted in Zone 5 as suitable areas were not located. One drag was attempted in Zone 7 but could not be completed. Also, an attempt to trawl in Zone 10 (Missouri River above the im- pounded water) was unsuccessful as it was not possible to proceed upstream beyond the Can- nonball River in North Dakota. FISHING RESULTS: The 76 drags (40 of 5- minute duration; 2 of 10-minute; and 34 of 15- minute) took a total of 6,260 fish (age group II or older) that weighed 6,404 pounds for an average of 82 fish or 84 pounds per drag. Carp (average weight 2.0 pounds) comprised 74.6 percent of the catch by weight. Only three species comprised over 2.0 per- cent of the catch by weight in Zone 4. These were: carp 86.3 percent; perch 5.7 percent; and bigmouth buffalo 2.4 percent. In Zone 6, carp and bigmouth buffalo made up 68.1 and 5.0 percent of the weight, respec- tively. In addition, drum made up 8.0 per- cent; carpsuckers 6.4 percent; goldeye 3.4 percent; and channel catfish 2.5 percent. In the upper portion of the reservoir (Zones 8 and 9), the weight composition was: carp 51.6 percent; carpsucker 19.3 percent; shovelnose sturgeon 12.7 percent; goldeye 7.3 percent; bigmouth buffalo 2.9 percent; and sauger 2.5 percent. A total of 419 yearling fish was taken--38 percent were white bass, 21 percent perch, and 17 percent goldeye. Also taken (in order August 1966 of decreasing abundance) were sauger, north- ern pike, white crappie, bullhead, walleye, black crappie, drum, channel catfish, burbot, carpsucker, and carp. A "standard drag" had previously been of 15 minutes duration. Most of the 5- and 10- minute drags made during this cruise werein response to the strictly exploratory nature of many drags. Several small bays in lower Zone 6 and Zone 4 were tested for trawlabil- ity for the first time since the initiation of trawling on Oahe Reservoir. Some of these bays are not sufficiently long to accommodate 15-minute (approximately one mile) drags. In the fall of 1965, drags made on shallow flats were more productive than drags made in bays. During this cruise, however, the average bay drag took 151 pounds as compared to 41 pounds per drag onflats inthe reservoir proper. This revised differential in rate of catch is probably associated with the warmer water temperatures inbays and behavior char- acteristics of the various species inresponse to this environmental condition. As aresult, the 5-minute drags, many of which were made in bays, were about as productive (84 pounds per drag) as the 15-minute drags (89 pounds per drag), most of which were made over flats in the open reservoir. Eight drags in the old river channel took only 31 pounds per drag. Trawl comparison tests had been scheduled for this cruise. The poor catches during May, however, made it advisable to postpone these experiments untilcatchesimprove. The trawl- ing grounds exploration activity was substi- tuted for the trawl comparison tests. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1966 p. 22. Maine Sardines QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM FOUND EFFECTIVE: : The effectiveness of their mandatory qual- ity control program was clearly demonstrated to Maine sardine canners at their annual spring meeting held June 9, 1966, in Ells- worth, Me. On display at the meeting were 130 open cans of various brands and types which were purchased in retail stores in 16 key markets on a national basis. The Maine Sardine Packers Association president stated it was the consensus of those present that the overall quality and appear- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 ance were by far the best of any similar cut- ting in the past 15 years. ''This certainly proved that our quality control program is working and was a great source of satisfac- tion for all concerned," he said. Forty-two canners and their representa- tives attended the session and were briefed on congressional affairs, plant improvement and mechanization, the consumer market sit- uation, and publicity and promotion. Also given was a briefing on Canadian government and industry plans to increase the herring fishery. (Maine Sardine Council, Augusta, Maine, June 9, 1966.) National Fisheries Institute ADVERTISING AND MERCHANDISING MANAGERS! CONTEST IS FEATURE OF 1966 ''FISH 'N SEAFOOD PARADE": The first contest of its kind sponsored by the United States fishing industry for adver- tising and merchandising managers of super- markets (chains and independents) willbe a feature of the 12th annual Fish 'n Seafood Pe rade during October 1966. An impressive array of prizes is to be given. The fall Parade is aimed at increasing the sale of fishery products at a time when they are most plentiful, according to the chairman of the Fish 'n Seafoods Promotions Commit- tee of the National Fisheries Institute (NFI). Winners of the contest will be selected on the basis of the most effective and creative newspaper advertising of fish and seafood during October. Prizes will include a 1967 Ford Mustang, a two-week holiday in Europe, RCA color TV sets, portable TV sets and typewriters, record players, luggage, watch- es, major electric appliances, Instamatic cameras. To make store advertising and merchan- dising managers throughout the United States aware of the Fish 'n Seafood Parade Promo- tion and the contest, a promotional brochure featuring the advertising themes of the fall Parade is being distributed. Contest details and coordination of the pro- gram will be handled by the New York office of the J. Walter Thompson Co., the advertis - ing agency for the National Fisheries Insti- 36 tute. Judges of the contest will be selected from the food trade. To inform buyers of food eaten away from home of the goodness and abundance of fishery products, advertising will be directed to the mass-feeding market. A full-scale publicity campaign to acquaint all buyers of food with the benefits of serving fish and seafoods will be channeled through national and quantity - feeding magazines, newspapers, radio and TV programs. Area Fish 'n Seafood Parade committees are being formed. The committees of indus - try men will plan local publicity and advertis - ing promotions to tie-in with the national cam- paign. Note: Information about the trade contest and the national and local promotions may be obtained from the National Fisheries Institute, 1614 Twentieth St. NW., Washington, D. C. 20009. Nautical Charts NEW TIDAL CURRENT TABLESISSUED FOR LONG ISLAND AND BLOCK ISLAND SOUNDS: The publication of new tidal current tables of Block Island and Fishers Island Sounds and northeastern Long Island Sound, based on the most extensive survey in 36 years of the New York-Connecticut-Rhode Island area, was an- ; nounced June 13, 1966, by the U. S. Depart- ment of Commerce. Orient Pr. LONG ISLAND SOUND Montauk Pr. Long Island and Block Island Sounds area covered by new tidal current tables shown in heavy black lines. The new tables will provide the more than 450,000 recreational boaters, fishermen, commercial shippers, and engineers whofre- quent the area with the most up-to-date in- formation available on the current behavior of this heavily-traveled waterway. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 The new tables were incorporatedin a pam- phlet issued as a supplement tothe 1966 Tidal Current Tables forthe Atlantic Coast of North America, which were published in October 1965. Information in the supplement will sub- sequently be included in the 1967 Tidal Cur- rent Tables. The supplement to the annual publication was published by the Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey, an agency of the Environmental Science Services Administration(ESSA). Itwas issued in order to make the new data available in time for summer use by recreational and oth- er boaters. ; The supplement covers all of Block Island Sound, most of Fishers Island Sound, the north- eastern section of Long Island Sound between Orient Point on Long Island and the southern Connecticut shore, and part of the Thames and Mystic Rivers in Connecticut. It was based on last year's survey, part of a 3-year project of the Coast and Geodetic Survey which will be completed in 1967. The entire survey will embrace the waters of Long Is- land Sound, Block Island Sound, Fishers Is- land Sound, and part of the Housatonic, Con- necticut, Thames and Mystic Rivers. Free copies of the pamphlet canbe obtained from the Survey's local sales agent or by writing to the Coast and Geodetic Survey at 602 Federal Office Bldg., 90 Church St., New York, N. Y. 10007, or at the Washington Sci- ence Center, Rockville, Md. 20852. Ba oy ae oB ES NEW CHART ISSUED FOR BLOCK ISLAND SOUND: ~ A new nautical chart covering a portion of one of the nation's busiest waterways--Block Island Sound and the east entrance to LongIs- land Sound--has been issued by the Coast and Geodetic Survey, an agency of the U. S. De- partment of Commerce's Environmental Sci- ence Services Administration (ESSA). The large-scale chart (No. 271, scale of 1:40,000) will provide greater detail for the safe navigation of the area, which handles a heavy concentration of commercial and rec- reational boating, much of it to and from New York City. The chart will also be of great help to the more than 500,000 recreational craft from New York, Connecticut, Rhode Is- land, and Massachusetts, which frequent the area. August 1966 NEW YORK Nautical chart covering the Block Island Sound and east entrance to Long Island Sound (area indicated by the box). £ A considerable portion of the approximate- ly 150 million tons of waterborne commerce to the Port of New York passes through Long Island Sound and thence through the East Riv- er. The new chart will be welcomed by fisher- men of the area from Montauk Point to Block Island Sound, reputedly the best fishing local- ity between New Jersey and Massachusetts. A considerable amount of the 686 million pounds of fish and shellfish landed at New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massa- chusetts in 1965 was taken from that area. North Atlantic Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development SURF CLAM SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V "Delaware" Cruise 66-3 (April 29- May 13, 1966): Catches of surf clams (Spisu- la solidissima) by hydraulic jet dredge var- ied from none to 3.6 bushels per 4-minute (standard) tow, and from none to 3.8 bushels per 20-minute (simulated commercial) tow during a recent survey of the surf clam pop- ulation off the Virginia, Maryland, and Dela- ware coasts. The exploratory fishing vessel Delaware, operated by the Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of the Interior, completed a preliminary survey in the area off Virginia (Area VI) and continued earlier work off Maryland and Delaware (A- rea IV). SURVEY PROCEDURES: The procedure used during previous surf-clam surveys was COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 374 T/ \eceNno: Efcommenciac TOWING SECTION. © STATIONS PRODUCING ONE OR MORE BUSHELS PER FOUR MINUTE TOW. Shows surf clam Areas IV, V, and VI and producing stations dure ing M/V Delaware Cruise 66-3 (April 29-May 13, 1966). followed during this cruise. Stations were located at 1-mile intervals along 1-mile spaced grid lines. A 48-inch hydraulic jet dredge was towed 4 minutes at each site with the exception of 64 commercial simulated tows for 20 minutes each in a preselected section of Area VI. RESULTS IN AREA VI: Only 2 standard tows, located in the inshore section surveyed in Area VI, yielded catches of one bushel or more. Out of 221 standard tows completed in the Area, 89 yielded less than one bushel and 130 were unproductive. In the offshore section of Area VI only a few clams were taken at shallow water stations. Simulated commercial tows for 20 minutes were made at 64 stations in one section of Area VI; none of these yielded 4 or more bushels. Except for 2 sections (restricted navigation and re- ported unexploded mines), standard survey coverage was completed in Area VI. RESULTS IN AREA IV: Surf-clam catches in the section surveyed in Area IV were better than expected, based on previous work in the 38 Area. Catch rates of 1 bushel or more per standard tow were achieved at 5 stations of the 37 fished; only 1 tow yielded no clams. CORRELATIONS WITH BOTTOM TYPE AND DEPTH: Consistent with previous sur- vey work the size and distribution of surf clam catches varied according to the type of bottom sediment. Best results were obtained where the predominant sediments were coarse sand, gravel, or a combination of both. In all surveyed sections the catch rate of surf clams showed some correlation to water depth. Best catches were made at depths of 13 to 15 fathoms. Very few clams were taken at depths over 15 fathoms. All tows made at a depth greater than 24 fathoms yielded no surf clams. SIZE OF SURF CLAMS: The predominant size group of surf clams caught and examined were 5 to 7 inches long. All sizes above 1.5 inches (reflecting dredge selectivity above 1.5 inches) were represented in the catches from both Areas. The average size of clams takenin Area VI was larger from the offshore section of the survey. A record sized clam from ArealV, measuring nearly 8 inches long, is the largest taken by the survey to date. OCEAN QUAHOGS: Catches of ocean qua- hogs were very small and widely scattered in both Areas. The largest catch (30 quahogs) was made in the deeper offshore waters of Area VI. UNDERWATER TV AND CLAM-SOUNDER WORK: The fishing operation of the dredge and views of the bottom were observed using a closed-circuit underwater TV system. Be- cause of good water transparency, the action of the dredge knife, jet header and other com- ponent parts were seen clearly. Live surf clams in the bottom were not seen but other species of shellfish and fish were visible. Considerable movie film footage was obtained by photographing the shipboard TV monitor. Trials were successfully accomplished with a redesigned clam-sounding system. Sounds transmitted by the sounder, while tow - ing on bottom, were tape recorded as the de- vice was viewed through the underwater TV system. Although no identifiable sound of a live clam was recorded other sounds relating to the dredging operation were recorded and identified. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 FISH PRODUCTS IRRADIATOR: Under the fish product irradiation program con- ducted by the Bureau's Technological Labor- atory at Gloucester, Mass., a "portable" (17- ton) shipboard cobalt-60 irradiator was in- stalled aboard the vessel. During trials on this cruise several samples of fresh surf- clam meats were irradiated for comparison with control samples. This was the first ex- periment to determine the value of radiation pasteurization on fishery food products atsea. The process is expected to destroy approxi- mately 99 percent of the bacteria responsible for spoilage in fresh fish products. i Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1966 p. 28. ! ) x ae 5) North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations RESEARCH VESSEL "ALBATROSS IV" SETS RECORD FOR DAYS AT SEA: e research vessel Albatross IV, oper- ated by the Interior Department's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, set a new record dur- ing the period July 1965 to June 1966. In all, 14 research cruises were carried out, total- ing 232 daysatsea. The bulk of the research was concerned with the distribution and abun- dance of groundfish in the Gulf of Maine and neighboring waters to the north (Scotian Shelf) and south(southernNew England). The three cruises in early spring, summer, and fall, lasted 91 days overall. 72 = Te 7 70" 6s" en er o cy r ante oaers wth Mera ry i The Burcau or Commercial FISHERIES ie | Researcu Vesse. ALBATROSS IT Rinks 4+}] ENCOUNTERED THE ENGLISH Rose IIT % re AT 0900, JUNE 19, 19GB NEAR CORSAIR' CANYON = 41°22'; 66°15" THE Z1'DORY MANNED BY CAPT. RIDGEWAY _) | AND SGT. BLYTHE OF THE R.4.F. LEFT CHATHAM, MASS. ON JUNE 4 J BouND FoR LANDS END, ENGLAND irae AFTER WE WISHED THEM WELL THEY = | RoweD Away INTO THE RAIN AN | FOG AT 24 STROKES /MINUTE 7O MILES , IZB°MAG. TO THE GULF STREAM. ay YOU KNOW ) THEY HOPED TO ARRIVE AT LANDS END By AucusT. Pe — te [0 THe GULF CRUE \ cusezio, ud = = i 70" 69° 68" 67" 66" 65° eat Oceanographic surveys in the same area (4 cruises totaling 59 days) monitored the dy- August 1966 namics and secular changes in water masses. Three cruises by other Bureau laboratories, studying herring, lobsters, and acoustical problems occupied 44 days. Other cruises included research on the benthos, midwater distribution of juvenile groundfish, serology of groundfishes, and sea scallop populations. KOR OK KOK DISTRIBUTION OF ZOOPLANKTON STUDIED: M/V “Rorqual” Cruise 4-66 (May 17-26, 1966): To determine the inshore -offshore and vertical distribution of zooplankton with regard to hydrographic conditions in an area extending from Cape Ann to Machias Bay, Me., was the objective of this cruise by the research vessel Rorqual, operated by Inter- igr's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS: Plankton tows lasting 15 minutes each using Clarke- Bumpus closing samplers ina vertical series 0, 10, 30, and 60 meters (0, 32.8, 98.4 and 196.8 feet), were made along 6 transects from inshore to the 100-meter (328 feet) isobath. Oblique tows from 0 to 20 meters (0 to 65.6 feet) and lasting 30 minutes each were taken using a Gulf III sampler at 8 coastal continu- ity stations and at 4 additional locations. Ex- ploratory Clarke-Bumpus tows were made in Pleasant Bay and the Machias, Sheepscot, and Piscataqua Rivers. HYDROGRAPHIC OPERATIONS: At each station: (1) a Nansen bottle cast was made to determine salinity at 0, 10, 20, and 30 meters and the bottom; (2) a bathythermograph (BT) cast was made to determine vertical temper- ature distribution; (3) water transparency was measured with a Secchi disc; and (4) meteo- rological observations were recorded. Five sea-bed drifters and 5 surface drift bottles were released at each station. PRELIMINARY FINDINGS: The average concentration of zooplankton along the coast was not significantly different (P>.05) from the average station value obtained in spring 1965. However, the center of zooplankton abundance shifted from the western Gulf coast in 1965 to the central area this year. The average volume in the western area was 4 times lower than in 1965. As in previous years, the lowest areal volumes occurred in the eastern sector. Copepods were the dominant zooplankters in the western and central Gulf coast (70 per- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 cent of the zooplankton). Larval barnacles were numerous in the eastern area (82 per- cent of the zooplankton). Calanus finmarchi- cus was the dominant copepod species in all areas. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1966 p. 29. North Pacific Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development HAKE POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V “John N. Cobb,” Cruise 78 (May 13- June 10, 1966): To determine the distribution of schools of hake (Merluccius productus) in Puget Sound and the coastal waters of Washing- ton was the primary objective of this 4-week midwater trawling cruise by the exploratory fishing vessel John N. Cobb, operated by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Depart- ment of the Interior. Secondary objectives were to (1) obtain biological data on Pacific hake and (2) obtain additional data on the a- vailability of hake to the ''Cobb" pelagic trawl. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishin:g vessel M/V John N. Cobb. Echo-sounding transects were made tolo- cate concentrations of hake and their avail- ability was measured with the ''Cobb" pelagic trawl. These transects were made through- out Puget Sound and in the coastal waters of Washington between 25 and 100 fathoms. PUGET SOUND: Hake concentrations were located in Saratoga Passage, Port Susan to Port Gardner, Possession Sound, and Hood Canal. In Saratoga Passage the fish signs were sporadic and light and were mainly found along the western side of the Passage close to shore. Hake signs in Port Susan were more concentrated than those in Saratoga Passage and were found as far north as Kayak Point 40 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW in Port Susan to as far south as Port Gardner near Everett. The best signs were found in Port Susan off the eastern shore of Camano Island in about 8 to 12 fathoms of water above the bottom depths of 58 to 64 fathoms. The fish signs were not considered heavy. At the time of the survey, the commercial trawler St. Janet was fishing these hake concentrations off the eastern tip of Camano Island and catching on the average about 6,600 pounds an hour. The John N. Cobb's average catch was about 8,300 pounds an hour in the same locality. This was based on 3 tows. The southern end of the Port Susan school was fished off Port Gard- ner where 3,000 pounds of hake an hour were caught. Sporadic signs were encountered between Hood Canal and Port Gardner. A 20-minute tow, made on one of these signs off Posses- sion Point, caught only 100 pounds of hake and 100 pounds of pollock. Hake concentrations were found in Hood Canal off the eastern and southern shores of Toandos Peninsula and as far south as Tekiu Point. The echo returns from those fish were light to medium. Thefish were from 10 to 20 fathoms off the bottom and the catch rate on them was 6,000 pounds an hour. Dogfish (Squalus acanthias) was the only species of fish taken in any appreciable quan- tities with hake. In Port Susan about 2 to 15 percent of the catches consisted of dogfish. They were large fish (2 to 3feet in total length) and of 52 fish examined, 25 had the remains of Pacific hake in their stomachs. In Hood Ca- nal about 100 pounds of small dogfish (26 to 31 centimeters or 10.2 to 12.2 inches in total length) were caught with the 6,000 pounds of hake. COASTAL WATERS OFF WASHINGTON: During the first two-thirds of the cruise off the coast of Washington (May 27 to June 5), fish signs were numerous but mostly spor- adic from Destruction Island to the Columbia River. The only sizable and dense concentra- tion of fish was found in the vicinity of the Russian fleet which was operating southwest of Willapa Bay. That school extended from off Klipsan Beach southward to Long Beach (a distance of about 7 to 8 miles) and was on the average about 2 miles wider. It was sit- uated over bottom depths from 32 to 48 fath- oms. The signs were 2 to 4 fathoms in thick- Vol. 28, No. 8 ness and were on or about 1 fathom off the bottom. The best signs were about 5 miles in length and 1 to 13 miles wide over bottom depths from 38 to 46 fathoms. This school was located and sounded on May 29. A second and more northerly school was located northwest of Grays Harbor on June 3. Latitudinally the school extended from off the Queets River south to off Moclips, a distance of some 15 miles. The school was about 4 miles wide at its greatest width and was situated over bottom depths from 43 to 60 fathoms. The best signs were over bot- tom depths of 50 to 53 fathoms. However, the signs were mostly light and sporadic in- dicating that the fish were not formed intoa compact school. Fishing this school yielded only 1,000 to 4,000 pounds of fish an hour. During the latter third of the cruise off the Washington coast, hake signs were more numerous and in certain localities more dense than was observed earlier in the cruise. The school located off Klipsan Beach near Willapa Bay earlier in the cruise showed a much denser trace and when fished yielded from 8,000 to 12,000 pounds of hake an hour. Good hake signs were observed northwest of Cape Shoalwater but a one-hour tow on these Signs caught only 6,500 pounds of hake. On the evening of June 8, a small but dense pock- et of fish was located directly off the entrance to Grays Harbor over a bottom depth of 43 fathoms. These signs yielded 12,000 pounds of hake an hour. The school to the north be- tween Moclips and the Queets River also showed an increase in the density of the Signs, when a number of sounding transects were made through it on June 9. A Soviet side trawler, which was fishing in the vicinity of these dense signs, was observed bringing a- board a catch of some 20,000 pounds of hake. BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS: Samples of Pacific hake taken in Puget Sound were smaller than those taken off the coast of Washington. Puget Sound hake ranged in size from 15 to 66 centimeters (5.9 to 26.0 inches) with a mode of about 35 centimeters (13.8 inches) whereas the coastal hake ranged in size from 38 to 70 centimeters (15.0 to 27.6 inches) with a mode of about 50 centi- meters (19.7 inches). A marked difference was found in the sex ratio between hake taken in Port Susan and those taken in Port Gardner and Hood Canal. In two of the hauls made in Port Susan the August 1966 sex ratios were 8 to 1 and 13 to 1 with males predominating. By contrast, those fish taken in Port Gardner and Hood Canal had a sex ratio of nearly 1 tol. The stomach contents of hake caught off the coast of Washington contained principally euphausids and occasionally anchovies. In Puget Sound a strong continuous echo return from near surface water (5 to 15 fath- oms) was encountered off Seattle and as far south as Case Inlet and Carr Inlet. A half- hour tow with the pelagic tow was made on those signs, but no organisms were taken. Subsequently, plankton tows made through these signs caught many ctenophores, which may explain the strong echo returns. COOPERATIVE STUDIES: In cooperation with the Bureau's Seaitle Technological Lab- oratory, a lot of Pacific hake was delivered to a reduction plant in Puget Sound for oil yield tests. Also, about 600 pounds of hake were iced at sea for delivery to the Seattle Technological Laboratory. Theicedfish were to be used for quality tests todetermine their use in fish blocks. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1966 p. 38. Oceanography STUDENT WORK-STUDY PROGRAM OF U. S. NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE: Fiity college students from across the Na- tion participated this summer (1966) ina work-study program of the U.S. Naval Ocea- nographic Office, Suitland, Md.. On-the-job training takes place during collegiate vaca- tions in support of formal studies conducted during the past scholastic year. Students enter the summer training pro- gram at a grade level based on their previous academic progress. After successfully com- pleting each period of on-the-job training, the students are granted leave to return to col- lege. No salary is paid for the time a trainee is in college and each must defray expenses involved in their formal education. On com- pletion of both on-the-job training and college education, a student is then eligible to join the Naval Oceanographic Office as a regular employee. The program is geared toward assisting ambitious college students interested in oce- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 anography to utilize their talents and training toward a challenging career. Young people studying oceanography, mathematics, chem- istry, cartography, physics and engineering are given competitive examinations and those at the top are selected for the summer pro- gram. Oregon CHINOOK FINGERLING LIBERATION TIED IN WITH BONNEVILLE HATCHERY EXHIBIT: Release into the Columbia River from the Oregon Fish Commission's Bonneville Hatch- ery of 5.5 million fall chinook fingerlings was scheduled for June 28, 1966, announced that State's Fisheries Director. The young fish, measuring 33 inches long, were reared at the hatchery for about 120 days. The liberation coincided with the opening of the Commission's new public exhibit at the Bonneville station. The exhibit incorporated the idea of the self- guided tour so popular in various parks and other places of historic or scenic appeal. The Oregon Fish Commission plays host to about $ million visitors at Bonneville Hatchery each year. Although hatchery per- sonnel may occasionally be available to an- swer questions by visitors, the Commission has felt the need for a good interpretive dis- play that would give detailed information on hatchery operations as well as other phases of its activities without the visitor having to look up Someone to answer his questions. The new public display included 7 major points of interest located at different places throughout the hatchery grounds. Since a visitor to this or any other hatchery cannot hope to see at any particular time of the year all of the seasonal activities that are con- nected with modern fish culture, the Bonneville display attempts to fill the gap by explaining what activities take place at each particular locale, when it takes place, and its role in the overall activity of the hatchery. "We look at the opening of the Bonneville self-guided tour as the unveiling of an impor- tant new recreational and educational attrac- tion,'' the Fisheries Director said. Modern concepts of color and form have been used freely to give even wider appeal to an inter- esting and important conservation story. 42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Although the new dispiay will add greatly to the visitor's enjoyment of a trip to Bonne- ville Hatchery, the facility still remains es- sentially an important salmon production sta - tion rather than merely a recreational tour attraction, it was emphasized. Bonneville Hatchery is one of 15 operated by the Oregon Fish Commission in the Columbia River sys- tem and on various coastal streams. The Bonneville station is financed in part by the Federal Government under terms of the Columbia River Fishery Development Program and is to provide, at least in part, mitigation for damage to the Columbia River runs by construction of dams in the river system. About 5.5 million fall chinook and 1.5 mil- lion young coho salmon are liberated each season into the Columbia River at the hatch- ery. Returns of adult fish to the station have been increasing each year and tagging stud- ies have shown Bonneville fish make a sub- stantial contribution to both sport and com- mercial fisheries offshore as well as in the Columbia River. Adults from the 5.5 million fall chinook which were released in June will return to the hatchery stream on their spawning run mainly as 3- and 4-year old fish with ascat- tering of 5-year olds and some 2-year old jacks. 'We now have at the Bonneville Hatch - ery a display which we feel will make a tour of the facility an enjoyable and worthwhile experience," the Fisheries Director said. "The grounds are open every day and we en- courage everyone who is interested in North- west fish and conservation to plan to visit the Bonneville Hatchery inthe near future.” (Oregon Fish Commission, June 24, 1966.) SALMON SPAWNING AREAS OPENED BY REMOVAL OF DAM: Removal of Dee Dam on the East Fork of Hood River has made at least 40 miles of spawning and rearing area on both the East and Middle Forks readily available to salm- on and steelhead, the Oregon Fish Commis- sion reported. Prior to a complete block to upstream passage caused by the floodin1964, there had been some use of upstream spawn- ing areas by anadromous fish, mainly steel- head, but passage over the inadequate fish- way at Dee Dam had been of concern to the fishery management agencies for many years. Vol. 28, No. 8 Dam construction, water diversions, in- dustrial developments and other demands have continually reduced the Columbia River system's available spawning and rearing areas over the years. For this reason, open- ing the East and Middle Forks of Hood River to ready access by anadromous fish is es- pecially significant. Although both coho and chinook salmonas well as steelhead have utilized the spawning and rearing areas on the East and Middle Forks, the runs of those species were termed remnant by the project leader of the Com- mission's Columbia River watershed devel- opment program. One of the main reasons for the reduced salmonid runs is the long- term inadequate passage at Dee Dam. The Hood River system, typical of those of glacial origin, is subject to periods of high runoff and resultant scouring of the stream- bed. Despite this situation, the East and Middle Forks have a considerable quantity of good spawning and rearing area for anadro- mous fish. Experimental releases of marked coho fingerlings have resulted in encourag- ing returns of adult fish. Additional empha- sis will now be given to building up the coho runs in that portion of the drainage. It is planned to supplement natural production of anadromous salmonids with releases of hatchery stock, the Commission stated. Although it will take some time to deter - mine the contribution of the East and Middle Forks in helping to maintain and increase the salmon and steelhead runs of the Colom- bia River, removal of Dee Dam is a big step in the right direction. (Oregon Fish Commission, June 9, 1966.) = Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission ANNUAL SPRING MEETING FOR 1966 HELD: The Executive Committee of the Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission (PMFC) held its annual spring meeting in Portland, Oreg., on June 21, 1966. Alarm at the continuing presence and in- creasing number of Soviet fishing vessels off Oregon and Washington was expressed by the director of the California Department of Fish and Game. The presence of the Soviet August 1966 fleet and its unknown catch destroys the use- fulness of PMFC's data series upon which the member PMFC agencies depend for in- formation regarding the abundance of bottom- fish. Soviet cooperation in supplying catch statistics and similar biological information and in observing local conservation practices is necessary if the fishery resources are to be managed wisely. The directors of the Oregon Fish Com- mission and Washington Department of Fish- eries stated that PMFC's announcement on June 9, 1966, of a proposed 7-point policy and program regarding foreign fishing had been helpful to the respective Governor's Committees on Foreign Fishing of which they are members. At a joint meeting of the two committees in June, an 8-point program em- bracing many of PMFC's provisions was rec- ommended to the Governors of Oregon and Washington. The directors of the Oregon Game Commission and Idaho Department of Fish and Game joined in urging that PMFC's 7-point program be implemented as quickly as possible. During the discussion of salmon problems, concern was expressed about upsetting the ecology of salmon and steelhead as the re- sult of increased water temperatures result- ingfrom dams and other projects on rivers. The executive director of PMFC was in- structed to prepare a proposed resolution urging that high dams on all rivers be de- signed and operated to provide releases of cold water for the maintenance of salmon and steelhead andother valuable fish. It was urged that studies be expedited of means for accomplishing this at such projects as the Canadian storage dams on the Columbia and High Mountain Sheep Dam on the Snake River. If the cooling potential of those dams is not utilized, the dams will cause increases in water temperatures in addition to those pre- dicted from the Hanford atomic electric plant and those increases already caused by ex- isting dams. 111,750 341,769 524,256 1, 827 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43 Arrangements were approved for the Pa- cific Marine Fisheries Commission's annual meeting tobe held in Seattle on November 17 and 18, 1966. ) Cee s Salmon U. S. PACIFIC COAST CANNED STOCKS, JUNE 1, 1966: On June 1, 1966, canners' stocks (sold and unsold) inthe United States of Pacific canned salmon totaled 915,886 standard cases (48 1-lb. cans)--125,827 cases less than on May 1, 1966, and 35,758 cases less than on June 1, 1965, when stocks totaled 951,644 standard cases. On the basis of total stocks of 1,263,744 actual cases (consisting of cans of ‘1/4- lb. 1/2-lb., 1-lb., etc.), red salmon accounted for 979,602 cases (mostly 1-1b. and 1/2-1b. cans) or 77.5 percent of the total canners' stocks on June 1, 1966; pink salmon accounted for 139,207 cases or only 11.0 percent (68,684 cases were 1-lb. talls and 66,702 cases were 1/2-lb. cans). Next came coho or silver (54,230 cases), fol- lowed by king (47,854 cases), and chum salmon (42,851 cases). Carryover stocks at the canners' level totaled 733,575 standard cases on July 1, 1965, the approximate opening date of the Table 1 - Total Canners' Stocks of Pacific Canned Salmon, June 1, 1966 May 1, 1966 | Apr. 1, 1966 Species June 1, 1966 1,424,625 (Actual Cases). . eo ee ee 23, 634 1,276 20,601 66,702 7,694 68, 684 2,301 2,545 141,998 482,719 630,784 8,243 47, 854 979, 602 54, 230 139, 207 42,851 1, 263,744 44 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 Table 3 - Canners' Shipments from July 1, 1965, toJune 1, 1966, by Species and Can Size a NT SE I | ee © © © © 8 8, 888 128,038 1 Be Ses 19,004 12-4 Ib. 254 Pacific salmon packing season. Adding the 1965 new season pack of 3,541,187 standard cases brought the total available supply for the 1965/66 market seasonto 4,274,762 standard cases. Shipments at the canners' level of allsalmon species from July 1, 1965, to June 1, 1966, to- taled 3,358,876 standardcases. The carryover of 733,575 standard cases on July 1, 1965, the beginning of the 1965/66 sales year, was sub- stantially lower (37.6 percent) than the carry - over of 1,175,588 cases ayear earlier. Data on canned salmon stocks are based on reports from U.S, Pacific Coast canners who packed over 96 percent of the 1965 salm- on pack. (Division of Statistics and Econom- ics, National Canners Association, June 25, 1966.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1966 p. 43. sk ook ok Kk FINGERLINGS ARE "BRANDED" IN MIGRATION STUDIES: About 1/2-million young salmon are being "branded" at the U. S. Department of the Interior's Little White Salmon Na- tional Fish Hatchery (near White Salmon, Wash.), announced the Department's North- west Regional Information Office, May 26, 1966. But the branding is accomplished by a cold method instead of the hot iron technique long used in cattle identification. The young salmon are held to the brand- ing “iron'' for a fraction of a second, im- printing a permanent mark on the skin. It does not harm the fish. The brand merely changes the coloration from light silver to dark gray or black in the area contacted. The unique branding technique is design- ed to keep tract of the seaward-bound mi- grant fish ina comprehensive study of the timing and survival of fingerlings taking place in the Columbia and Snake rivers. The cece eee coe eee 313, 298 641, 246 936, 367 7, 632 Scere 156, 184 1, 898, 543 325,525 1,389,202 | 566,472 4, 335, 926 1,204 RENEE HE 111,947 345, 638 81, 259 100, 406 980,953 | 470,120 11,968 55, 394 15,052 * 430,648 | 1, 308, 128 2, 506, 850 90, 300 research is conducted E the Seattle office of the Interior Department's Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries. The new method is faster than fin-clipping and increases chances of survival because it does not impair fish mobility. Brands have lasted through the fresh-water life of the fish but it is not known if they will last through lengthy periods in the sea. The mark has lasted up to six months in salt water. Fingerlings are placed in a tranquilizer and then are held one by one against the branding point, which is a silver U mount- ed on the end of a 6-inch brass rod. The brass rod extends through the wall of an insulated container filled with dry ice and wood alcohol to create a subfreezing tem- perature of -68° F, The brass rod con- ducts the extreme cold to the silver U against which the fingerling is held for branding. Branding takes but an instant and then the fish is placed in a recovery tank. The U-shaped brand is used as is, in- verted, or lying sideways. It is placed on different locations of the fish's body andon either side. A total of 16 different mark combinations are possible from this one U mark. The 500,000 small salmon that are being branded are fall chinook salmon that were hatched at Spring Creek Hatchery (at Under - wood, Wash.) and reared at Big White Salm- on Hatchery. The hatchery rearing of the young fish is done by Interior's Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Branded fish will be released ina turbine and in the tailrace of Ice Harbor Dam on the Snake River and below Priest Rapids and McNary dams on the Columbia River. They will be recaptured at collecting sites at McNary, the Dalles and Bonneville dams, and finally in the estuary at Astoria, Oreg., be- fore the young fish go to the sea. August 1966 Scientists are studying the watery environ- ment of the fingerling before additional dams go into operation in the Columbia and Snake rivers. By comparing returns from each re- lease site, biologists should be able to an- swer such questions as: Can fingerlings ad- just to the changing environment of the Co- lumbia River? Can safe fingerling bypasses be developed at "high mortality" areas inthe river? How do the large impoundments af- fect the seaward-bound fish? The broad scientific study is under the Fish-Passage Research Program of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Seattle, with Howard L. Raymond, fishery research biologist, in charge of the project. He is as- sisted by other biologists from Washington and from Astoria, Oreg. This is a joint pro- ject with the states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. The comprehensive fingerling study will continue for several years. This branding technique has been devel- oped for the most comprehensive and far- reaching study of the fingerling salmonever undertaken in the Columbia River basin, In- formation is lacking about the fingerlings' downward journey to the sea. Much more is known about the adult upstream migration to their ancestral spawning grounds, so scien- tists are researching to fill in the gap on missing knowledge of the fingerlings. i South Atlantic Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development MIGRATIONS AND SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF PELAGIC FISH IN FLORIDA STRAITS STUDIED: M/V “Oregon” Cruise 109 (May 16-June 16, 1966): A 32-day cooperative study of pelagic fish in the Florida Straits andalong the Great Bahama Bank was completed June 16,1965, by the exploratory fishing vessel Oregon, oper- ated by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of theInterior. Participants in the study included the Bureau's Explora- tory Fishing andGear Research Base, Pasca- goula, Miss.; Exploratory Fishing Station, St. Simons Island, Ga.; the Bureau's Tropical At- lantic Biological Laboratory at Miami; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami; andthe International Game Fish Association. Opera- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 tions aboard the Oregon were under the joint control of the Bureau and Woods Hole Oceano- graphic Institute (WHOI). Objectives of the-cruise were to: (1)study the mechanics of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thyn- nus) migrations along the Great Bahama Bank, (2) gather information on the seasonal distri- bution and composition of surface tuna schools, and (3) continue observations on the distribu- tion and density patterns of subsurface sword- fish populations. Long lines were used for sampling subsurface stocks and trolling lines were used on surface schools. LEGEND: @ - LONG-LINE © ~ HANDLINE 0 - FLAT TRAWL : Groat Bahama > Bank rae piigpersiiious during M/V Oregon Cruise 109 (May 16-June , 1966). 46 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW BLUEFIN TUNA: A total of 31 sets (total of 8,620 hooks) was made alongthe Great Baha- ma Bank and off Cay Sal Bank in the Florida Straits for bluefin tuna. The hooks were baited with mullet, blue runners, and thread herring and were fished on drops varying from surface to 50 fathoms. Only one blue- fin (a 350-pound specimen) was taken which was caught off Brown Cay on a 20-fathom drop. Considering the effort expended with long lines andthe negative results, there appears to be a strong indication that mi- grating bluefin are not available to long-line gear at that time within the region investi- gated. A large number of troll-caught blue- fin were tagged by cooperating sportsmen during the cruise period in the area, andblue- fin landed at Bimini during the sports tour - naments were examined by Woods Hole co- operators. OTHER SCOMBRIDS: Two big-eyed tuna (Thunnus obesus) were taken on nighttime swordfish long-line sets--one off South Bi- mini on a 20-fathom drop and the other off South Cat Cay on a 50-fathom drop. One skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) and 4 black- fin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus) were also taken on long lines. Numerous surface schools were observed along the Great Bahama Bank during the first 3 weeks of the cruise. Sampling with trol- ling lines showed these to be blackfin tuna and painted mackerel or cero (Scomberom- orus ragalis). Two troll-caught blackfin were tagged. No surface schools were seen after the passage of Hurricane Alma. SWORDFISH: Five swordfish (Xiphias glad- ius) were taken during the cruise on night- time long-line sets. One small fish caught off North Bimini on a 20-fathom drop was tagged. Of the remaining specimens, 2 were taken on 10-fathom drops off South Bimini, 1 on a 10-fathom drop off Matanilla Bank, and 1 on a 10-fathom drop off Cape Canaveral. BILLFISH: A total of 7 white marlin (Tet- rapterus albidus) and 1 sailfish (Istiophorus albidus) were tagged during the cruise. One white marlin was given to the Bureau's Trop- ical Atlantic Biological Laboratory for mount- ing in their new facility. SHARKS: Long-line catches of sharks were moderate, with the principal species caught being dusky sharks (Carcharhinus obscurus), silky sharks (C, floridanus), night sharks Vol. 28, No. 8 (Hypoprion signatus), hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna mokarran), and mako sharks (Is- urus oxyrinchus). About 500 pounds of shark meat and liver, representing 50-poundsam- ples from each species and sex, were col- lected for the Bureau's Technological Lab- oratory at Seattle, Wash. A 300-pound sample of dolphin (Coryphaena hippurus) was caught for test marketing by in- dustry. Samples of hake(Merluccius albidus) were taken by trawl on the royal-red shrimp grounds off St. Augustine, Fla., for the Bu- reau's Biological Laboratory, La Jolla, Calif. OCEANOGRAPHIC COLLECTIONS: Bathy- thermograph and Nansen bottle casts were made by WHOI participants at each long-line station for determination of temperature structure, dissolved oxygen, salinity, nitrate, and nitrite concentrations. Vertical andhor- izontal plankton tows were made for investi- gation of zooplankton structures and chloro- phyll levels. ~ ae U. S. Fishing Vessels FISHERIES LOAN FUND AND OTHER FINANCIAL AID FOR VESSELS, APRIL 1-JUNE 30, 1966: From the beginning of the program in- 1956 through June 30, 1966, a total of 1,830 applications for $46,458,719 was received by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the agency administering the Federal Fish- eries Loan Fund. By that date, 957 appli- cations ($21,119,566) had been approved, 581 ($13,414,413) had been declined or found ineligible, 260 ($9,141,502) had been with- drawn by the applicants before being proc- essed, and 32 ($697,608) were pending. Of the applications approved, 347 were approved for amounts less than applied for--the total reduction was $2,085,630. The following loans were approved from April 1, 1966, through June 30, 1966: New England Area: Earl L. Brewer, Boothbay, Me., $7,100; Arthur Reposa, Nar- rangansett, R. I., $17,000; Arthur Reposa, Narragansett, R. I., $35,000; James J. Mello, Wakefield, R. I., $58,000. South Atlantic and Gulf Area: John Jo- seph Ross, Moss Point, Miss., $29,332. August 1966 California Area: Veryl W. Dawson, Aro- mas, $4,973; Chester L. Russell, Napa, $6,240; Charles W. Beyers, Santa Cruz, $4,760; Frank Brenha, Jr., San Diego, $140,000; Curtt M. Olsen, San Diego, $17,872. Pacific Northwest Area: Howard Vining, Brookings, Oreg., $21,000; and the following from Washington State: James P. Allenbaugh, Aberdeen, $22,000; George A. Bold, Aber- deen, $71,250; Jack M. Torgerson, Aberdeen, $60,000; John C. Edwards, Hoquiam, $30,000; James D. Barclay, Marysville, $12,000; Ron- ald D. Watson, Marysville, $9,380; Tage B. Rasmussen, Tacoma, $3,276; Iceland Boat Co., Seattle, $89,000; Parks Canning Co., Inc., Seattle, $75,000. Alaska Area: Charles L. Johnson, Anchor Point, $15,000; Truman C. Emberg, Dilling- ham, $6,345; Glenn J. Couch, Homer, $6,662; Richard T. Hinde and Ole G. Harder, Kodiak, $109,000; Jake M. Hallingstad, Petersburg, $9,500; Samuel Martin, Seldovia, $16,000; LeRoy Hollman, Seward, $4,800. Under the Fishing Vessel Mortgage Insur- ance Program (also administered by the Bu- reau) during the second quarter of 1966, a total of 13 applications for $656,000 was re- ceived. Since the program began (July 5, 1960), 122 applications were received for $10,378,245. Of the total, 93 applications were approved for $6,721,656 and 16 applica- tions for $1,785,600 were pending as of June 30, 1966. Since the mortgage insurance pro- gram began, applications received and ap- proved by area are: New England Area: Received 15 ($1,796,750), approved 11 ($1,367,178). California Area: Received 2 ($1,262,000), approved 2 ($1,262,000). South Atlantic and Gulf Area: Received 85 ($4,816,524), approved 66 ($3,092,169). Pacific Northwest Area: Received 13 ($2,127,375), approved 8 ($635,535). Alaska Area: Received 7 ($375,596), ap- proved 6 (364,774). The first applications for a Fishing Ves- sel Construction Differential Subsidy under the Bureau's expanded program were re- ceived in December 1964. Through June 30, 1966, a total of 69 applications for an esti- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 mated $16,867,000 in subsidies had been re- ceived. Public hearings on 48 applications were held--40 applications for estimated subsidies totaling $8,278,500 were approved and 8 subsidy contracts in the amount of $1,214,558 were executed. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1966 p. 36. * OK OK DOCUMENTATIONS ISSUED AND CANCELLED, APRIL 1966: During April 1966, atotal of 75vessels of 5 net tons and over was issued first docu- ments as fishing craft as compared with 63 in April 1965. The number of documents can- celled for fishing vessels in April 1966 is not available. U. S. Fishing Vessels 1/--Documentations Issued and Cancelled, by Areas, April 1966 with Comparisons Area 1 Home Port) [Issued first documents 2/: Newiengland eet oun « 6 Middle Atlantic......... 2 - 3 3 Chesapeake epaycueieloneiis tele 5 3 25 11 South Atlantic.......... 8 7 19 23 Gpilins oso ade ooo odo 19 35 79 84 PEYSSIHS A igeo.cla arolonolo 016 o 33 13 68 46 Greatibakesiy cites «yelessasie) .< 2 - 4 1 lawailiayvenem-ueiansniedsloucleneys - - 1 - NewsEngland) eee een: 4/ 6 Middle Atlantic......... 4/ = Chesapeake ....-..050... 4/ 2 SoutheAtlantic!) <)cyee-ieacnesens q/ 11 GULL pee citeteueticinen erste eietie repent te 4/ 8 IEEVeRSTO 9 Bag nual Gushe 6 oKoLOL 4/ 8 Greathlbake ser .weye muons elven. 4/ 1 Hawail gan oberensewsese che q/ - otal a uqa anise eG | 1/Includes both commercial and sport fishing craft. A vessel is defined as a craft of 5 net tons and over. 2/There were 2 redocumented vessels in April 1966 previously removed from the rec- ords. Vessels issued dirst documents as fishing craft were built: 51 in 1966; 4 in 1965; 1 in 1962; and 19 prior to 1957. 3/Includes vessels reported lost, abandoned, forfeited, sold alien, etc, 4/Not available. Source: Monthly Supplement of Merchant Vessels of the United States, Bureau of Customs, U.S. Treasury Department. Wholesale Prices EDIBLE FISH AND SHELLFISH, JUNE 1966: The June 1966 wholesale price index for edible fishery products (fresh, frozen, and canned) was up 0.2 percent from the previous month. At 127.2 percent of the 1957-59 aver- age, the overall index this June was 16.9 per- 48 cent higher than the same month a year ear- lier. Prices this June, with few exceptions, were Sharply higher than in the same month of 1965. Lower prices in June 1966 for ex-vessel large haddock at Boston (down 6.6 percent), Lake Superior fresh whitefish at Chicago (down 23.6 percent), and Great Lakes round yellow pike at New York City (down 18.6 per- cent) were offset by higher prices at New York City for western fresh king salmon (up 8.6 percent) as compared with prices for fro- zen salmon marketed the previous month. June prices wereup Slightly for westernfresh and frozen halibut (up 1.6 percent). As a re- sult, the subgroup index for drawn, dressed, or whole finfish was up 1.3 percent from May to June. As compared with June 1965, the subgroup index this June was higher by 7.2 percent--prices were up from a year earlier for all items except whitefish (down 13.1 per- cent). Prices for western halibut were 10.3 percent higher than in June 1965; by 8.2 per- cent for salmon; and by 7.5 percent for large haddock. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 Prices at New York City for South Atlantic fresh shrimp were lower by 4.2 percent from May to June because of increased market sup- plies. Although June prices were higher at Boston for fresh haddock fillets (up 9.3 per- cent), the subgroup index for processed fresh fish and shellfish was down 1.8 percent from the previous month due solely to the lower prices for shrimp. Prices remained un- changed for standard shucked oysters. As compared with June 1965, the subgroup index this June was up 20.8 percent because of sub- stantially higher prices for all items. June 1966 fresh shrimp prices were up 29.1 per- cent from the same month a year earlier, small haddock fillets (up 15.5 percent), and oysters (up 12.2 percent). The June 1966 subgroup index for processed frozen fish and shellfish rose 1.4 percent from the previous month. June prices were higher at Chicago for frozen shrimp (up 1.8 percent) and at Boston for frozen haddock fillets (up 1.2 percent); for other items in the subgroup there was no change. The subgroup index this June was 17.7 percent higher than in the same Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes for Edib?e Fish and Shellfish, June 1966 with Comparisons Group, Subgroup, and Item Specification ALL FISH & SHELLFISH (Fresh, Frozen, & Canned) Fresh & Frozen Fishe ~~ Drawn, Dressed, or Whole Finfish: Haddock, Ige,, offshore, drawn, fresh. . . . « Halibut, West., 20/80 lbs., drsd., fresh or froz.] New York Salmon, king, ge, & med., drsd,, fresh or froz,. Whitefish, L, Superior, drawn, fresh ..... Yellow pie, L, Michigan &Huron, rnd., fresh. . Processed, Fresh DCRR oto G5 on 6 6256 0 2 © © © «© 0.2 © © Fish & Shellfish): ~. 2... . ejeene eMieiieii ol ieL siete eiiel 0) enie ne Point of Avg. anee 1/ Indexes Pricing (1957-59=100) June June 1966 May 1966 2° © © © © © © © © © © © © es 192.4 Peironestess Fillets, haddock, sml., skins on, 20-Ib, tins Boston Ib. 41 238 99.6 91.1 97.2 | 86, Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), headless, fresh . .}| New York 1b, 1,15 1,20 Tae 128.9 | 104,38 Oysters, Shucked, standards. .......-. Norfolk gal,} 8,00 8.00 137.0 | 120.2 Processed, Frozen (Fish & Shellfish): . 0. ee ee te te te ee ee Fillets: Flounder, skinless, 1-lb, pkg. - - -| Boston Haddock, sml,, skins on, 1-lb, pkg. -| Boston Ocean perch, Ige., skins on 1-Ib, pkg, | Boston Shrimp, Ige, (26-30 count), brown, 5-Ib, pkg, Chicago CannedtEisheryeProducts $iveicci ls) coi le) leh eyo el Melllnl ihe inialictoVite Mollolls oilemrel ie iiloNseMife oN rele Mieias Salmon, ine No, 1 tall (16 oz.), 48 cans/cs, eattle Tuna, It, meat, chunk, No, 1/2 tuna (6-1/2 0z.), ASTcans/CSammicinenseniel Meanie coon nial mes Los Angeles Mackerel, jack, Calif,, No.1 tall (15 0z.), LEXCENICSS a blac GliG’oto G16 0 OO oo 7 Los Angeles Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, 1/4 drawn _(3-3/4 02,), 100 cans/es, ... +... +... New York 1/Represent average prices for one day (Monday or Tuesday) during the week in whic! the 15th of the month occurs, ese prices are published as indicators of movement and not necessarily absolute level, Daily Market News Service ‘‘Fishery Products Reports’’ should be referred to for actual prices, Source: U.S, Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. August 1966 month in 1965. Prices were generally higher for all items in the subgroup--substantially higher for frozen shrimp (up 25.9 percent) and flounder fillets (up 10.3 percent). COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 the same month a year earlier, the index this June was up 19.7 percent. Prices were higher thanin June 1965 for canned pink salm - on (up 29.5 percent), canned tuna (up 18.4 percent), and California jack mackerel (up 12.2 percent). Prices for canned Maine sardines remained unchanged for each of the months indicated. (U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Fishery Market News Service.) Prices for all canned fishery products were un- changed from May toJune <=> 1966. Market conditions runah were steady to firm and stocks of several products, particularly can- ned salmon, were low. But compared with BEAR PREDATION ON SALMON UNDER STUDY IN ALASKA An electric fence is in place to keep Alaskan brown bears out of part of Grassy Point Creek, a tributary of Karluk Lake 80 miles west of Kodiak, Alaska. The electric fence was put up to help biologists find out how extensively bears prey on the salmon in the stream. The project was described in September 1965 by the scientist in charge of the Karluk Lake Field Station of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Salmon population in the controlledsection of thebearless stream willbe compared to the number of fish in the stream where bears may freely wander. The effect on salmon populations and egg deposition will be considered. It's part of comprehensive studies to consider all the factors in a salmon's environment and survival. When abear takes an unspawned female sockeye (red) salmon for his dinner he is also destroying from 3,000 to 5,000 eggs. With a high bear population the number of eggs de- stroyed by the huge animals is sizable. Some surprising problems have come up inthe study. For one thing "bruin"” isn't coop- erating completely. He likes salmon too well. He's willing to endure a strong, painful e- lectric shocktobreak the wires and getintothe salmon stream. As a result, scientists are constantly repairing the electric fence. The bear predation study was started in 1964. In areas where bears are allowed to prey on salmon, the remains of dead salmon gather and scientists determine the spawned to unspawned ratio. In 1964, only 15 percent of the bear-killed female salmon were un- spawned. Most of the fishtaken by the 'brownies"' had already spawned. In the summer of 1965, bear predation on salmon appearedto be ata minimum. Biologists pump salmoneggs from the stream to learn the number of eggs deposited in areas with bear predation and the numbers without. The study may show that the total effect of the bears on the salmon resource is minor, but this remains to be determined. 50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 ——————— a International FISH MEAL PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES, JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1966: Member countries of the Fish Meal Ex- porters! Organization (FEO) account for a- bout 90 percent of world exports of fish meal. The FEO countries are Chile, Angola, Ice- land, Norway, Peru, and South Africa/South- West Africa. Table 1 - Exports of Fish Meal by Member Countries of the FEO, January-February 1966 1966 | 1965] 1966] 1965 . -(1,000 Metric. Tons).. ee ee Ce So. Africa (including Sv=We Atrica) ls csc caeieieneie So. Africa (including S.-W. Africa) ji /Data not available. 2 /Data available only for January 1966. INTERNATIONAL NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION JAPAN ASKS REMOVAL OF ABSTENTION LINE: Removal of the “abstention line'' which bars Japan from taking North Pacific salmon on the high seas east of 175° W. longitude was called for in a speech on May 25, 1966, by Japanese Consul General Yoshio Nara. The Consul General told a meeting of the Seattle (Washington) Junior Chamber of Commerce that ''salmon fishing on the high seas would then be carried on from the practical andsci- entific view point of conservation and the full- est possible utilization of the salmon stocks." He described the salmon as a special kind of fish which returns to its homeland to spawn. The Consul General pledged his country to the cause of conservation saying ''Japan pays great respect to the United States' effort for conservation of salmon stocks. At the same time my country thinks that the growth of salmon from two or three inches to several feet is due to.the heavenly benefits of the high seas.'' He pointed out that Japan has adopted conservation measures including a system to limit the number of fishing vessels in some areas. He believed that prospects werebright for fisheries cooperation between Japan and the U.S. He pointed out that two Japanese companies had entered into joint ventures with American companies in Alaska to can salmon and to produce other fishery products. He cited the growth of Japanese imports of salted salmon roe from the United States from a value of $330,000 in 1961 to an estimated $4 million in 1966. (Post Intelligencer, Seat- tle, May 26, 1966.) CODEX ALIMENTARIUS THIRD MEETING OF COMMITTEE ON FOOD HYGIENE: The Third Meeting of the Committee on Food Hygiene of the Codex Alimentarius Com- mission was held in Rome, May 31-June 3, 1966. (The Codex Alimentarius Commission is working to establish international food standards. Through its various committees, the Commission provides a mechanism for preparing and obtaining Government accept- ance of these uniform standards. The Food Hygiene Committee is concerned with hygiene codes of practice which can be incorporated August 1966 International (Contd.): into individual commodity standards by the separate Commodity Committees. The entire program is jointly sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization.) The main work of the Food Hygiene Com- mittee at its Rome meeting was the revision of the paper on "General Principles of Food Hygiene.'' The revised document reflects many comments offered by member countries and interested groups. An important revision was to broaden the use of clean water permis - sible for such purposes as washing, so as to include clean sea water where applicable. This takes into consideration the limited sup- ply of potable water aboard fishing vessels and at some shore facilities. The revised ''General Principles of Food Hygiene'' was considered ready for submis- sion to the Codex Alimentarius Commission. No draft hygiene codes of practice for fish and shellfish were presented at the Meeting. Countries having responsibility for items con- cerning fish and shellfish directly or indirect- ly were instructed to revise their reports so as to take into consideration the amended basic document, "General Principles of Food Hygiene," and the instructions of the Hygiene Committee to use sections of these principles verbatim whenever possible. The question of including retail food hand- ling in hygiene codes was discussed briefly. The Chairman concluded this discussion by noting that the Hygiene Committee should con- sider hygiene codes from production to re- tailing for certain products, for example, mol- luscan shellfish. The Committee also discussed problems concerned with standards for feedstuffs and frozen foods. The Committee decided that it would be necessary to maintain a distinction between frozen foods generally and frozen precooked foods. The Food Hygiene Committee will probably hold its next meeting inJune 1967. (U.S. Em- bassy, Copenhagen, June 15, 1966.) Notes: (1) The Third Meeting of the Committee on Food Hygiene was attended by delegates from Australia, Canada, Cuba, Den- mark, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States, as well as by representatives from the World Health Organiza - tion, Food and Agriculture Organization, European Economic Community, and the Organization forEconomic Cooperation and Development. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Feb. 1966 p. 44. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 OCEANOGRAPHY UNITED STATES EXHIBIT IN GERMANY RESCHEDULED: The U. S. Department of Commerce has rescheduled its oceanographic equipment sym- posium and exhibition in Frankfurt, Germany, to capitalize ona rising tide of international interest in the event. The symposium and show at the U.S. Trade Center in Frankfurt, originally set August 31-September 7, willbe held November 2-9, 1966, by the Department's Bureau of International Commerce. After the first announcement of the sym- posium-exhibition in early April, preliminary development work indicated such widening in- terest that it was decided to reschedule the event to permit a broader development cam- paign. The Trade Center symposium will feature technical papers by U.S. and foreign experts on ocean sciences and engineering. The ex- hibition will be a show-and-sell promotion of the newest in U. S. oceanographic equipment, systems, and services. U. S. firms interested in the event may ob- tain additional information from the Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C,. 20230. NORTH-EAST ATLANTIC FISHERIES COMMISSION FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING: ~ The North-East Atlantic Fisheries Com- mission (NEAFC) held its Fourth Annual Meeting, May 10-13, 1966, at Edinburgh, Scot- land. The meeting was attended by delegates from all member countries (Belgium, Den- mark, West Germany, France, Iceland, Ire- land, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Por- tugal, Spain, Sweden, U.S.S.R., and the United Kingdom). Observers were present from the United States, the International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES), the Inter- national Commission for the Northwest At- lantic Fisheries (ICNAF), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The NEAFC is concerned with the conser- vation of fish stocks and the rational exploita- tion of the North-East Atlantic Ocean. The NEAFC may make recommendations to mem- ber countries for measures concerned with (1) fish gear, (2) size limits of fish, (3) closed seasons, (4) closed areas, and (5) improve- ment and the increase of marine resources. 52 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): The main subjects on the agenda of the Fourth Annual NEAFC Meeting were (1) re- port by the Committee for Liaison with ICES; (2) second report of the Committee on Inter- national Control; (3) mesh size in the North- ern part of the Convention area; (4) general principles of effort regulation; (5) conserva- tion of herring stocks in the Conventionarea; and (6) use of topside chafers. The Committee for Liaison with ICES re- ported that there was widespread failure to achieve the Commission's requirements with respect to minimum mesh sizes and the use of topside chafers. The report of the Committee on Interna- tional Control included the question of mesh regulation. Delegates agreed that there was a need for early institution of international Vol. 28, No. 8 Argentina —S— Oe eS OC in the Argentine Republic), issued by the De- partment of Fishery Investigations (Novem- ber 1965), reviews the activities of the Ar- gentine tuna fleet for 1960 through 1964. Re- ported are the catches made and the areas of tuna fishing activity, which is still in the be- ginning stages in Argentina. The tuna fishery started in 1959 as a joint Japanese-Argentine enterprise with opera- tions by the vessels Eisei Maru and Foca I. Table 1 shows the catch of tuna by species and by year for 1960-64. Albacore tuna was by far the dominant species taken in the catch, followed by big-eyed tuna. The fish- ing method used was the long line. Table 1 - Argentine Annual Catch of Tuna and Related Species, By Species, 1960-1964 Snake mackerel . Grand Total . control, but there was insufficient time tore- view the Committee report in detail. There- fore, the NEAFC has called a special meeting in London beginning November 15, 1966 (ten- tative date), to discuss international control. Member countries have been asked to submit written comments before the opening of the special meeting in London. Other developments at the meeting in- cluded provisions for member countries to submit their views by February 1, 1967, on the problem of effort regulation so that this subject can be discussed at the next NEAFC annual meeting. During a discussion of top- side chafers, hope was expressed that chaf- ers could be completely forbidden by 1968. At the invitation of the French Government, the Fifth Annual NEAFC Meeting will be held in Paris, beginning May 9, 1967. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, U.S. Embassy, Copenhagen, May 25, 1966.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Aug. 1965 p. 64. 507.9 399.5 196.2 14.2 18.2 14.2 Teed = 2,534.5 2,547.9 1, 301.3 1,777.9 | 2,141.5 | 1, 659.7 110.9 281.2 For the purposes of this report, the fishing areas have been divided intostatistical rectan- gles of 5° latitude and longitude as recommend- ed bythe "panel of experts of FAOinorder to facilitate investigations regarding the tuna". Table 2 gives the catch of tuna and related species by statistical area for the South At- Table 2 - Argentine Catchi/of Tuna and Related Species By Major Statistical Area and Number of Vessel Trips Catch Per Trip Metric Tons| No. | Metric Tons, Between lat. 30° and 35° long. 45° and 50°... . 984.9 16 Between lat. 30° and 35° | ieptieeoe cb ee 2455209 Between lat. 15° and 20° long. 20° and 25°. , . . 873.4 i/includes albacore, yellowfin, bluefin, and big-eyed tuna; swordfish; and snake mackerel. 38.7 88.7 198.8 61.6 longs iS00vand SSONuata Minar seta soe | teal) em ea ane LEO, 1,685.2 »| 2,584.4 145,6 1,622.7 | 16 | 101.4 MotalsiwalenWsllet eaten. eO N30 Sei 75.8 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 770 August 1966 Argentina (Contd.): lantic. During the 5 years under considera- tion, the highest catch per trip (198.8 metric tons) was obtained off Brazil between lati- tudes 15° and 20°, and longitudes 20° and 25°, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 Most of the 1966 Australia catch was canned for local consumption; 5 shipments totaling 2,400 tons were exported, mostly to the U- nited States where tuna prices were at a rec- ord level. Table 3 = Argentina Catchi/ of Tuna and Related Species, By Month, 1964, and Vessel and Gear Efficiency : Number of Hours Long=Line fie timeomy| “te N ) NiwRePwnnennrrw? ° The fleet consisted of three vessels in 1964, the Centauro, Eikyo Maru, and Foca II. Those 3 vessels were each about the same length (118 feet) and size (275 gross tons), and possessed about the same hold capacity (230 cubic meters). Each vessel oper- ated with a crew of about 27 members. The catch during 1964, by month, for those ves - sels, including data on vessel and gear effi- ciency, are given in table 3. January, June, August, October, and December were the best fishing months in 1964. Australia TUNA CATCH, 1965/66 SEASON: out ustralia's 66 tuna catch was a record 6,482 short tons on April 24, when the season was drawing toa close. This was 419 tons more than the previous highest total of 6,063 tons in 1964, and 1,263 tons more than in 1965. The season's record catch was made by a larger fleet--31 vessels at the peak, 10 more than in 1965. The 1965/66 New South Wales season was disappointing; the catch was 2,476 tons as compared with 2,600 tons the previous sea- son, but the overall Australian total by April 24 was 8,954 tons, only 20 tons short of the 1963/64 record. Twenty-three vessels were still fishing at that date, and the season ap- peared likely to continue for another 3 weeks. 890 59 13, 037 | 21 22,993 | 1/Includes albacore, yellowfin, bluefin, and big-eyed tuna; swordfish; and snake mackerel. DOG 2S E OSS) ry ° 8 © © e WOO RORAMOW!A Ope Wn eo yee WIN The Espirito Santo, which acted as a moth- ership for tuna vessels during the New South Wales and South Australian seasons, sailed late in April 1966 from Melbourne to purse seine for tuna in eastern Bass Strait. The former United States clipper planned to work in close cooperation with a spotting aircraft used in the Tasmanian and Victorian tuna sur- vey. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, May 1966.) Brazil NEW OCEANOGRAPHIC VESSEL TO BE LAUNCHED IN 1967: ~~ Dr. Martha Vannuzzi, Director of the Ocean- ographic Institute of the University of Sao Paulo, reports that the Institute's new ocean- ographic research vessel will be ready for delivery at Bergen, Norway, in April 1967. The vessel will be boarded at that time by a crew composed half of Norwegians and half of Brazilian scientists. On departure it will start a 4-months cruise for shakedown and delivery to the Port of Santos in Brazil. The cruise will take it along the African and Bra- zilian coasts and will provide an opportuntiy for comparative study of the Brazilian Current. A name has not yet been chosen for the craft, but it will probably be called N. OC. W. Besnard. Dr. Besnard, a Norwegian scien- tist, was the founder of the Oceanographic In- stitute in Sao Paulo. 54 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Brazil (Contd.): The Institute Director intends to strength- en ties with United States oceanographers and marine biologists. At this time, the Institute Director is en- deavoring to recruit researchers, particular- ly specialists for fisheries, including fish technology, but also experts in shrimp biolo- gy and the basic chemical composition of spe- cies of commercial interest. Exploratory and stock fishery specialists assessment experts are also desired. Dr. Vannuzzi's main prob- lem is in recruiting the specialists for fish- eries and fish technology. It will be recalled that the Institute is re- cipient of a Ford Foundation grant of $545,000 for a5-year period. According toits approved program, this grant is to be used for visiting researchers; for specialists on fishery meth- ods and fish processing; on post-graduate training; for fellowships abroad and for equip- ment. The latter item includes some funds for the new building being constructed on the campus of the University of Sao Paulo, fora pier-side laboratory for fisheries to be con- structed this year at Santos, and for some of the equipment on board the new oceanographic vessel. The Institute obviously has funds to move forward in its program, and is planning on the wise utilization of the funds. (U.S. Em- bassy, Rio de Janeiro, May 20, 1966.) Bulgaria IMPORTS OF GREEK FISHERY PRODUCTS: During 1966, Bulgaria's imports of fresh, frozen, salted, and canned fishery products from Greece will amount to about US$600,000 or 5 percent of all Greek exports to Bulgaria. This year's export commodity list (no details given) is based on a 1964 Trade Agreement between both countries (U. S. Embassy, Ath- ens, April 20, 1966). Canada LOBSTER FISHERMEN IN NEWFOUNDLAND TOBE COMPENSATED FOR STORM LOSSES: A joint Federal-Provincial program to compensate Newfoundland lobster fishermen Vol. 28, No. 8 who suffered heavy trap losses in the severe storm of May 8, 1966, was announced May 17, 1966, by the Canadian Federal Fisheries Min- ister. The storm struck the west and south coasts of the Province. The Federal and provincial governments will provide compensation to lobster fisher- men in the area damaged by the storm at the rate of $2.00 per trap. The compensation will be paid to each fisherman on the basis of the number of traps which he had in the water on May 8, 1966, providing that more than 35 percent of his traps were lost or destroyed. No compensation will be paid under this program to any person who owned less than 35 lobster traps as evidenced in the declara- tion made when they applied for a lobster li- cense for the 1966 season. Any fisherman who receives compensation under this program must undertake during the 1966 season to replace the number of traps for which he claimed compensation, and must in- sure the replaced traps with the Canadian Fishermen's Indemnity Plan. (Canadian De- partment of Fisheries, Ottawa, May 17, 1966.) FIRM PROMOTES FRESH-WATER FISH EXPORTS TO EUROPE: For expanding exports of fresh-water fish to Europe, a Canadian firm won an award from the Manitoba Department of Industry and Commerce, March 31, 1966. The prize-win- ning firm was formed by two Manitoba fish processors for the sole purpose of exporting Manitoba fresh-water fish to Europe. As the first stage in its export sales cam- paign, the firm concentrated on distributing a sales brochure, illustrating Manitoba's fresh- water fish, to fish importers throughout all of Western Europe. The president of the firm then made a sales trip to Europe. Hecovered 9 countries in 5 weeks and made sales presen- tations to 52 different importers. Since his return, an average of 2 shipments per week of 10,000 pounds each of northern pike and white - fish have been shipped from Manitoba to 21 active customers in France, West Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, and Finland. The company's export sales in 1966 are running 33 percent ahead of last year and should reach close to a million pounds. (U.S. Embassy, Ottawa, May 18, 1966.) August 1966 Cuba SPINY LOBSTER LANDINGS AND EXPORTS: In 1964, Cuba produced 900,000 pounds of spiny lobsters for export, primarily to West European countries (France and Spain). Cuba's total 1964 spiny lobster catch amounted to a- bout 16 million pounds. In 1965, Cuba pro- duced 19.8 million pounds, a record in recent years and more than in 1961 when about 18 million pounds were landed. The Cuban Government, however, wants to increase landings and exports and has passed a special lobster plan. Under the plan sever- al fishing methods harmful to the species are prohibited, spiny lobsters longer than 15 cen- timeters only can be landed, catching berried lobsters is outlawed, and the ''shaving" of berried lobsters is punishable. The use of pots is now widely recommended. In addition to regulations, the Cuban regime hopes to promote future production by (1) building ar- tificial corrals, (2) developing new coastal lobster grounds, and (3) initiating deep water fishing (exploratory testing is conducted by a French expert). Spiny lobsters are landed by more than 20 fishery cooperatives as well as by the State- owned fishery located on one of the keys off Batabano Bay, the largest lobster fishing center in Cuba. Cuban lobsters are exported as frozen tails and as canned meat. Cuba hopes in the future to export up to 50 percent of the total landed weight by the reintroduc- tion of deliveries of live lobsters. Editor's Note: After the revolution, lob- ster fishermen converted water tanks on lob- ster boats into ice boxes which tripled the storage capacity of the boats. At the same time lobster fishermen began to practice il- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 legal methods of fishing to increase the catch. Experience, however, has shown that only live lobsters can be processed into a product ex- portable to western countries. To increase such exports, the Cuban regime by law now has reintroduced the delivery of live lobsters. KOK OOK PLANS FOR REVIVAL OF SPONGE INDUSTRY: The sponge industry in Cuba flourished until 1937 when sponge diseases and over- exploitation reduced the resource. The Na- tional Institute of Fishing is now studying the possibility of introducing artificial sponge cultivation. Editor's note: A French expert is at present advising Cuban divers and mod- ern diving equipment has been purchased in West European countries and the U.S.S.R. The main reason for the revival of the sponge industry is Cuba's need for foreign exchange obtainable by sponge exports. Denmark FISHERY EXPORTS, JANUARY-MARCH 1966: Exports to All Countries: Total Danish fishery exports in January-March 1966 were down somewhat from the same period of 1965, reflecting the drop in landings during the first quarter of 1966. Average prices in 1966 were higher for all categories except fish oil. The leading markets for Danish fishery exports continued to be the European Common Market and the European Free Trade Association, al- though the Soviet Bloc countries increased their purchases of Danish fish meal during the period. West Germany was the leading Table 1 « Danish Fishery Exports to All Countries, January-March 1966 Change from 1965 anuary=March 1966 [MQ rain i ty A | Vall re eS | NO nan ti tyne [VALE US : Metric Tons 40, 661 11, 160 Richtee ehelisiiclievelion« Shellfish Vowenstecevsts.s sligiletieits eal, solubles, ensilage, trout food, etc. .. . . Percentage. .. i/January-February data only; fish oil data are shown separately because they are collected separately and are often delayed. Source: Danish Ministry of Fisheries. 56 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 Denmark (Contd.): Table 2 - Danish Fishery Exports to the United States, January-March 1966 anuary -March 1966 Change from 1965 Value 7 Quanti S$1 Commodity Fresh and Frozen: Pond trout. . . « Trout eggs .. Flatfish1/. ..- illets and blocks: MERE G Goo 0 O00 0 Cele Hd oodoo 0.0.0 Other. pee toletiats Norway lobster...» © © Total fresh & frozen . Salted2/ . cece eee Smoked3/ ...-2eecee Canned: Sprat & herring . Shrimp . 2... Mussels . 2 © « © Other. o.eee Total canned o. 214.6 Semipreserved: (ERG G 6 Go oo .0l0'S 0.0%0 Othervel wedlellensilelielelle eo Total semipreserved. mireire Fish solubles) 2.0.0 6. Riitelne Grand Total. .... aun a4 1/Mostly turbot, brill, plaice, and soles. 2/Mostly cod. 3/Mostly salmon, trout, and eels. Source: Danish Ministry of Fisheries. S i) ies) - 26 40 un wjojonN le #]U)P]oo Ow won Re ar) nN U nN is) nan iN e 10.9 16.6 country of destination, followed by the United Kingdom, Sweden, and the United States. a January -April ese caine So bo || ce SSG Exports to the United States: Danish fish- 1965 rele c= c 5 SS : - 1964 ... ery exports to the United States in the first EW) hese quarter of 1966 were up 16 percent in quan- 1962 tity and 25 percent in value from the same period of 1965. The gain was due to larger shipments of frozen cod fillets and blocks which make up the bulk of Danish fishery shipments to the United States. There was a decline in shipments of pond trout and canned herring. (U. S. Embassy, Copenhagen, May 18, 1966.) Ecuador SHRIMP EXPORTS, 1965: Ecuador's shrimp exports have increased steadily since 1962. There are seven firms now engaged inthis export market and shrimp is shipped mainly to the United States. (U.S. Embassy, Quito, June 1, 1966.) Shrimp ex- ports during 1962-65 and January-April 1966 were: Fig. 2 - Shrimp vessels and plant of another shrimp firm in Guayaquil. August 1966 Ecuador (Contd.): eames ] } \ Fig. 3 - Small shrimp plant in Guayaquil. Refrigerated truck hauls shrimp from Esmeraldas. PROPOSAL TO DEVELOP OFFSHORE FISHING FLEET: A Committee for Ocean Fishing, which was appointed by the Finnish Agricultural Minis - try, has recommended that Finland should make a greater effort to develop its Atlantic fishing fleet. Finland has at present only two vessels operating in the Atlantic, and these only in the summer months. (U.S. Embassy, Helsinki, June 11, 1966.) France FISHERY TRENDS, 1965: Landings: French production of fish and shellfish was lower in 1965 than in 1964. This was due largely to the smaller than usual pro- duction of seasonal fish, notably herring, sar- dine, and tuna. Ingeneral, the French catch of the species for which demand is highest con- tinued to decrease. In order to meet growing consumption, imports increased. Fig. 1 - French conventional high-seas trawler (Normandie- Bretagne), operating out of Lorient. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 Fishing Fleet: Construction of fishing vessels of modern design is being stepped up in France with a view to increasing compet- itiveness. This program while undertaken by private firms is being helped by the Gov- ernment. The result hoped for is to reduce imports of fish. Artisan-type fishing still accounts for half of French production. But in 1965, a total of 52 vessels of more than 100 tons were placed in service. Of those, one was 70 meters (230 feet) in length and equipped for stern-trawling; 15 (including 7 stern trawlers) were from 40-52 meters (131- 171 feet) in length (those 16 vessels were built in non-French yards); and 4 were 36 me- ters (118 feet) in length. By the end of 1965, Fig. 2 - Stern trawler, Adrien-Pla, from the French port of La Rochelle. the French fishing fleet had 3 freezer ves- sels, 2 of which were mixed vessels equipped for freezing and chilling). The other is the all-freezer vessel Viking which entered serv- Fig. 3 - Emptying the cod end aboard a stern trawler. 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW France (Contd.): Fig. 4 - Fishing vessels docked at the French port of Concammeau. ice in June 1965 and produced over 1,000 me- tric tons of frozen fish in the last half of 1965. Four additional freezing vessels were or- dered in 1965, of which 2 are of the mixed. type and 2 (of 1,100 tons) are designed espe- cially to produce frozen fillets. Fig. 5 - Selling fish at auction, Lorient, France. Marketing: According to studies made by the European Economic Community (EEC), France is the largest per capita consumer of fish within the Common Market. In France annual per capita consumption is estimated at 13.9 kilos (30.6 pounds); in Germany 10.9 kilos (24.0 pounds); Italy, Belgium, and Lux- embourg 10.0 (22.0 pounds), and the Nether- lands 8.9 (20.0 pounds). The French govern- ment, together with the industry, is making an effort to increase fish in the diet and in- crease the number of days a week on which the average Frenchman eats fish. With the Government's assistance, fish marketing in the northeastern part of France has been organized on a prototype basis for Vol. 28, No. 8 SS Fig. 6 - Herring fillets ready for packaging. the purpose of (1) stabilizing the size of the catch in order to avoid periodic market satu- ration, (2) balancing more effectively the ro- tation of the fishing vessels, and (3) improv- ing quality control and the manner in which fish is presented to the ultimate purchaser. It is quite probable that similar efforts will be made in other areas of France during 1966. Fig. 7 - Packing cans with fish in a French cannery. Fig. 8 - Attractive retail fish shop in France. August 1966 France (Contd.): Consumption of frozen fish in France is over 15,000 metric tons a year andis expected to reach 50,000 tons a year by 1970. Fish sticks and portions account for about 45 percent of present frozenfish consumption in France. At present, frozen fish is sold in only 10,000 sales outlets in France out of a total of 200,000 retail outlets devoted to food products. This indicates the capacity for expansion. (U.S. Embassy, Paris, June 11, 1966.) — ae = Guyana SHRIMP EXPORTS AND VESSELS, 1965: Shrimp is the mainstay of the Guyanal/ fishing industry; 7,907,635 pounds were ex- ported in 1965: over 7.6 million pounds to the United States (Guyana is said to be the third largest foreign supplier of shrimp to the U- nited States). Value of the shipments totaled US$5,443,876. A U.S. investor has a new $750,000 plant and another firm has doubled its freezing capacity since 1963. Freezing plant at Georgetown, Guyana, About 107 shrimp trawlers operate out of Georgetown, fishing as far south as the Ama- zon river. In 1965 Guyana became a participant in an FAO/United Nations Special Fund regional fisheries project. It is hoped red snapper fishing will increase as a result of training given fishermen under the project. Localfishing is not sufficient for the mar- ket that could be developed. It is an area where smallinvestments invessels and equip- ment should bring a fair return. (U. S. Em- bassy, Georgetown, June 21, 1966.) 1/Formerly British Guiana. ue >——a COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 Japan FISHERY LANDINGS SET RECORD IN 1965: ~ Japan's fish landings in 1965 reacheda new record high of 6,879,000 metric tons (ex- cluding whales), according to preliminary data released by the Statistical Research De- partment, Ministry of Agriculture and For- estry. The 1965 catch exceeds by 15,000 tons the peak year 1962 production of 6,864,000 tons and reverses the previous two years! down- ward trend. In 1964 Japan's production to- taled 6,350,000 metric tons, in 1963 it was 6,698,000 tons. Compared to 1964, the sea fisheries production of 6,372,000 tons was up 9 percent, shallow seas culture production held steady at 361,000 tons, and inland fish- eries and fish farming production increased 27 percent to 146,000 tons. Fig. 1 - Packing and washing mackerel prior to stowing them in the hold aboard a Japanese fishing vessel. Of the sea fisheries production, the trawl fisheries (mothership-type, distant-water, coastal trawl, etc.) yielded 1,913,000 metric tons, up 38,000 tons over 1964; the salmon fisheries yielded 127,000 metric tons, up 26,000 tons. Most of the increase in salmon was due to the larger catches made by the land-based salmon gill-net and long-line fish- eries with a combined total catch of 81,000 tons, up 24,000 tons. The tuna fisheries was down--688,000 tons as compared to 691,000 tons in 1964, but the Atlantic tuna catch was up sharply from 1964's 69,000 tons to83,000 tons (20 percent increase). Skipjack tuna pro- duction was up also by 10,000 tons, totaling 194,000 tons. These increases were offset by lower catches by the mothership-type, over- seas-based, and Japan-based tuna fisheries. Squid production was up sharply at 387,000 tons, an increase of 150,000 tons. The coast- al purse-seine fishery catch of 1,276,000 tons 60 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): Fig. 2 - Weighing black marlin aboarda Japanese tuna mothership. showed the largest quantitative increase (264,000 tons) of all the fisheries, (Suisan Tsushin, June 8, 1966.) pay eed Sh chs Ss FISH CATCH IS DOWN AND IMPORTS ARE UP: The Japanese Government, at the February 22, 1966, Cabinet meeting, adopted the '1965 Annual Report on Fisheries Trends," the so- called ''Fisheries White Paper," and submit- ted it to the National Diet. The report de- scribes the production, economic, and man- agement trends in the Japanese fisheries pri- marily for the year 1964, as well as the pro- posed administrative measures for the coast- al fisheries in 1966. Highlights of the ''White Paper" are as follows: (1) The fishery economy in 1964 was affected by the tight money situation, labor shortage, growing international restrictions on fisheries, and increasing imports of fishery products. However, the fishery management, while hav- ing experienced two consecutive years of decline in pro- duction, was sustained by the rising fish prices. (2) In 1964 fishery production (excluding whales) was valued ex-vessel at 497.5 billion yen (US$1.38 billion). Al- though there was a 5.2-percent decline in production from 1963, the value increased 3 percent because of the rise in fish prices. (3) Owing to the production decline, the supply of edible fish- ery products on the domestic market in 1964 declined as follows compared with 1963: fishery products 5 percent; whale meat 8 percent; seaweed 12 percent. Domestic demand for fishery products continues to grow, and in 1964 household spending on fishery products increased 10 percent in cities and 16 percent in farm villages as come pared with 1963, (4) Value of marine products exported in 1964 totaled 112 bil- lion yen ($311 million), an increase of 10 percent over 1963 but falling slightly below the high recorded in 1962. Imports of marine products in 1964 drastically increased, totaling 32.3 billion yen ($89.7 million) in value, again Vol. 28, No. 8 of 51 percent over 1963. Increase in imports of fresh, frozen and salted fish, and fish meal was particularly great. (5) Despite the decline in production, average earnings by the medium and small fishery enterprises in 1964 increased by 10 percent due to the rise in fish prices. Earmings for the tuna long-line fishery improved for operators of 30- to 50-ton and 100- to 200-ton vessels but declined for those operating 50- to 100-ton and 200- to 500-ton vessels due to longer trip lengths and increasing interest payments on loans. (6) The number of fishery managements is yearly decreasing, and by the end of 1964 there were 229,000 management units. (Note: In 1963, there were 234,000 enterprises according to the fishery census conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.) The number of people en= gaged in fisheries in 1964 totaled 612,000 persons, a 2.2-percent decrease from 1963 and a 15.4-percent de- cline from 1960. Owing to the outflow of youths to oth=- er industries upon graduating from school, the average age of the fishing population is yearly rising. (7) Average annual wage of fishermen employed in the med- ium and small fishery enterprises was 446,000 yen ($1,239) in 1964, an 11-percent increase over 1963, and approximately equaled that of workers employed in the manufacturing industries. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, Feb- tuary 23, 1966.) It is also said that fishing opportunities in the world were growing tight because of the current trend toward expansion of territorial waters and other deterrents to fishing opera- tions. The measures introduced for the promo- tion of the Japanese fishing industry envi- sioned the development of untapped marine resources, improvement of productivity in the case of coastal fishing and small fishing in- terests, promotion of fish cultivation, and creation of shallow-water fishing grounds through public works, as well as increased financing for fishermen. (The Japan Times, February 23, 1966.) ‘ines Ok KOK OK FRESH AND FROZEN TUNA EXPORTS TO OVERSEAS BASES, BUSINESS YEAR 1965: A total of 24,555 short tons of fresh and frozen tuna valued at US$7.2 million was val- Japanese Fresh and Frozen Tuna Validated for Export to Overseas Bases in BY 1965 O B BY 1965 BY 1964 BY 1963 verseas Base (Oty, 1/ | Value [Oty 1 [ Value [Oty I/ Tons | 1,000 American Samoa | 12,501] 3,756 Penang, Malaysia Fiji Islands. ... Saint Martin, Neth. Antilles . Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides. . Othe rsisietls eres = = 1/Includes round and dressed tuna and fillets. August 1966 Japan (Contd.): idated for ''export'’ to overseas bases inbusi- ness year 1965 (April 1965-March 1966), ac- cording to data released by the Japan Frozen Foods Exporters Association. This repre- sents increases over the previous year's ex- ports of 22 percent in quantity and 28 per- cent invalue. (Suisan Tsushin, May 18, 1966.) se ok wee KOK OF 78 NEW CANNED TUNA EXPORT VALIDATION STANDARD ADOPTED: The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), following conclu- sion of an exporters! agreement in April 1966 between packers and exporters on exports to the United States of canned tuna in brine, an- nounced on May 17 the adoption of a new canned tuna export validation standard for the period May 14, 1966-March 31, 1967. Under the new standard, MITI will approve for export during the 11-month period a to- tal of 2.54 million cases of tuna packed in brine, 70 percent to be allocated to exporters on the basis of past performance and 30 per- cent to be reserved as adjustment quota. A- doption of the new export validation standard resolves the 6-month long controversy be- tween packers and exporters over canned tuna in brine exports to the United States. (Suisancho Nippo, May 18, 1966.) 3k Kk Ok OK FISH LANDINGS IN YAIZU, MAY 1966: May 1966 landings of fish at the Japanese port of Yaizu (principal tuna port) totaled 19,919 metric tons valued at 2,530 million yen (US$7 million) as compared to April land- ings of 20,197 metric tons valued at 2,288 million yen ($6.4 million), according to data compiled by the Yaizu Fishermen's Cooper- ative Association. Albacore landings were up slightly (187 tons) from April, but com- Table 1 - Yaizu Fish Landings and Average Values, May 1966 with Comparisons . (US$/Short Ton) . Tuna; Blvefin1/.... 521 394 Albacore.... 477 376 280 Skipjack .... 250 265 | 287 Mackerel..... A 73 88 97 1/Includes yellowfin and big-eyed tuna, ye own COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 |e Table 2 - Yaizu Fish Landings and Values, January-May 1966 with Comparisons Quantit Species 1966 | 1965 .(Metric Tons). |. . (US$1,000). . Tuna: Blvetinwy/iee see 31,800 | 28,765 Albacore eerie ae 8,622 | 17,354 SKkipjackeaeaiemene wee iene 21,971 9,817 Mackerel) <)cer-) erere 14,696 9,139 JOthersfishieenere rene 3,637 3,287 Mota erew Men -Mesede Mele 80,726 | 68,362 1/Includes yellowfin and big-eyed tuna. pared to May 1965 were down 7,438 tons. The average price paid per ton of albacore (about $477) was $99 above the April 1966 price and $197 above the May 1965 price. (Kanzume Nippo, June 4, 1966.) le sk sk ke K > OK 3K OK POLE-AND-LINE TUNA FISHING TRENDS: On May 15, 1966, about 130 metric tons of pole-and-line albacore were landed at Yaizu. This was the first time since the beginning of the summer albacore fishery that over 100 tons of fish were landed in any one day. They sold for 170-185 yen a kilogram (US$428- 467 a short ton) ex-vessel. re |1/Estimated total albacore landings for season. Note: Japanese sources earlier forecast a poor summer albacore season in 1966. The general feeling was that this year's catch will not exceed 20,000 tons, and possibly will fall far below that figure unless fishing picks up. The fishery ends in early Jul Albacore fishing was reported to have pick- ed up in mid-May, with about 25 vessels con- centrated inthe area bounded by latitudes 34° - 35° N. and longitudes 151°-153° E. (about 700-800 miles due east of Tokyo). The catch in that area was as high as 40-50 metric tons a day, but the fish were small, mostly aver- aging 3-4 kilograms (6.6-8.8 pounds). As of mid-May, Japanese canned tuna packers were reported unable to compete for the small quantities of albacore landed by the pole-and-line fishery due to high ex-ves- sel prices, but were packing some skipjack, the landings of which were averaging about 200 tons a day. The skipjack were reported also to be small, less than 2 kilograms (4.4 pounds) in weight, and selling for over 80 yen 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): per kilogram (US$202 per short ton). (Sui- san Tsushin, May 19; Kanzume Nippo, May 20, 1966. KOK KOK xk REDUCES USE OF DECK-CARRIED TUNA-FISHING VESSELS: It is reported that as a result of poor fish- ing conditions Japanese vessel owners oper- ating portable boat-carrying tuna mother- ships are reducing the number of portable vessels carried by motherships or seeking permission to convert their vessels to reg- ular distant-water tuna vessels. The owners of one large tuna mothership reduced the number of portable vessels from 8 to 6, while another mothership owner reduced portable vessels from 5 to 4. The somewhat lower catch of the mothership resulting from the employment of fewer deck-carried fishing vessels is said to be more than compensated for by large savings in labor costs, averag- ing a crew reduction of about 12 men per vessel. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, May 11, 1966.) an io 05! oe 63 es CS SB REFUELING BASE IN INDIAN OCEAN PLANNED FOR TUNA LONG-LINERS: The Japan Federation of Tuna Fishermen's Cooperative Associations (NIKKATSUREN), which is planning on sending to the Indian Ocean this year (1966) an oil tanker to serv- - ice at sea the tuna long-liners operating in that ocean, is studying the possibility of es- tablishing a refueling base in the Seychelles Islands. (Suisancho Nippo, May 18, 1966.) OK OK OK OK FISHING AFFECTED BY MAURITANIA'S EXTENSION OF FISHING LIMITS: The Government of Mauritania established effective May 15, an exclusive fishery zone extending seaward 6 miles from her 6-mile territorial sea. This action by Mauritania shut out Japanese trawlers from the octopus fishing grounds off that country. Japanese trawl operators have requested their govern- ment to negotiate an agreement with Mauri- tania to permit their vessels to operate with- in the newly established fishery zone. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, May 23, 1966.) Note: > See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1966 p. 55. eK OK Ok Vol. 28, No. 8 TUNA FISHERMEN REQUEST LOWER INTEREST RATES ON GOVERNMENT LOANS: The Japan Federation of Tuna Fishermen's Cooperative Associations (NIKKATSUREN) on April 27 held a general membership meeting to discuss NIKKATSUREN's plans for the cur- rent business year and to seek ways and means of improving management. Discus- sion was centered on the financial condition of the fishery, particularly on the interest rate charged for government loans to indus- try. The recommendation was made to seek a reduction in the current 7.5-percent rate on government loans to the fishing industry since government loans to the maritime in- dustry are granted at 4 percent interest. Also discussed at the meeting was the pro- posed transshipment of Atlantic-caught al- bacore to the U.S. west coast and other measures to stabilize prices, and the pro- motional work to expand canned tuna in oil consumption in Japan. It was decided that these matters should be further studied pend- ing the outcome of the summer albacore fish- ery. However, the promotion of canned tuna in oil would be conducted on a limited scale. (Suisan Shuho, May 15, 1966.) 1K OOK OK OK OK COMPUTER FOR IDENTIFYING TUNA SCHOOLS UNDER DEVELOPMENT: The Japanese Fisheries Agency's Fish- ing Boat Research Office and the Tokai Re- gional Fisheries Research Laboratory are developing an electronic computer for the tuna industry which can identify species and determine sizes of fish schools. The device, to be used in conjunction with a fish finder, would analyze wave forms appearing on the finder in identifying tuna species. The first set was scheduled to be completed around September 1966, following which it will be tested at sea depths of 400-500 meters (13,000-16,400 feet). Initial production costs are estimated to be around 1 million yen (US$2,778) a set. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, May 13, 1966.) rk ook ok ok ok SALMON LANDINGS HIGHER, PRICES LOWER THAN 1965: Salmon fishing began on April 30 in the coastal areas of the North Pacific off Japan and in June was active both in Areas A and B. Landings of salmon in Hokkaido and in August 1966 Japan (Contd.): the northeastern part of Honshu from fishing vessels engaged in fishing in the southern area have recently shown a large increase. Though salmon prices at first received much attention because of the big reduction in the catch quota this year, prices were Staying about the same, even dropping to about 5 per- cent below those of last year. Pink salmon was the only exception and the price quoted was about 10 percent higher than last year. The wholesale price at fish markets was substantially lower than last year, and it was likely that salmon would be sold at retailalso at a rather low price. In Area B south of 45° N., about 1,700 small drift-net fishing vessels were engaged in salmon fishing, and quite a number of ves- sels were delivering salmon to ports suchas Kushiro, Akkeshi, Nemuro, Hachinoe, Miyako, and others. Most of the salmon, either salt- ed or fresh, landed by those vessels were consumed at home. Although at first salmon prices were ex- pected to be fairly high because of the re- duced catch quota, the wholesale prices per kilogram (2.2 lbs.) on June 1 at various ports were as follows: Salted salmon: 410 yen (US$1.14), about 200 yen (56¢) below last year. Salted pink salmon: 300 yen (83¢), about 30-40 yen higher (8-11¢). y Fresh salmon: 420-428 yen ($1.17-1.19), almost the same as last year. Fresh pink salmon: 304-318 yen (84-88¢), 30 yen (8¢) higher. (Extracted from Nihon Keizai Shimbun, June 2, 1966, by Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, June 3, 1966.) eK OK ok FIRM EXPLORES FOR ARCTIC OCEAN SALMON: A Japanese fishing firm dispatched to the Arctic Ocean in July 1966 a 200-ton fishing COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 vessel, the Dairin Maru, to explore the salmon resources of that Ocean. The vessel planned to test-fish with gill nets from July to Septem - ber and was mainly after chum salmon. Japan had informed the Soviet Government at the March 1966 annual meeting of the Pa- cific Northwest Fisheries Commission of her intention to explore the salmon resources in the Arctic Ocean, and the U.S.S.R. had given approval to the plan. The Fisheries Agency of Japan was said to look favorably on this plan. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, May 25, 1966.) OK kk OK EXPORTS OF CANNED MACKEREL TO UNITED STATES INCREASING: Exports to the United States of Japanese canned mackerel (natural) were reported to totalas of mid-May 1966 about 190,000 cases as compared with about 80,000 cases at the endof March. The large demand inthe United States this year for Japanese canned mackerel was attributed tothe shortage of South African supplies and to the poor mackerel season in southern California. (Suisancho Nippo, May 18, 1966.) EXPLORING BOTTOMFISH RESOURCE OFF EAST AFRICA: The Fisheries Agency planned to dispatch in July the 474-ton fishing vessel Eitai Maru to explore the fishing grounds in the east- ern Indian Ocean. The Eitai Maru willcarry portable fishing boats, and will fish with bot- tom long-line gear primarily seeking bottom- fish species, such as sea bream. She was scheduled to depart Japan on July 10 and re- turn December 10. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, June 7, 1966.) se ste ke ook ok tk OK Ok OK OK FISHING VESSELS LICENSED BY FISHERIES AGENCY: Following are the fishing vessels licensed by the Japanese Fisheries Agency as of March 31, 1966 (1965 figures are in paren- theses): Offshore trawlers: 1,091 (1,111) Trawlers west of 130° E.: 768 (779) Pelagic trawlers: 272 (213) Long-liners and gill-netters in the North Pacific: 19 (19) 64 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): Mothership-type trawlers: 241: 25 mother- ships and 216 catcher boats (228) Large and medium purse seiners: Large whalers: 17 (22) Small whalers: 22 (19) Mothership-type whalers: 125: 10 mother- ships and 115 catcher boats (122) Pelagic tuna-fishing vessels: 1,301 (1,315) Near-sea tuna vessels: 1,687 (1,705) Mothership-type tuna vessels with skiffs carried thereon: 181: 51 motherships and 130 skiffs (174) Mothership with catcher boat-type vessels: 168: 3 motherships and 165 catcher boats (167) Medium salmon drift-netters: Medium salmon long-liners: 369 (369) Mothership-type salmon vessels: 380: 11 motherships and 369 catcher boats (380) Mothership-type crab vessels: 91: 6 mother- ships, 26 catcher boats and 59 skiffs (89) 635 (697) 320 (317) (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, from Suisancho Nippo, June 21, 1966.) se ok ok ok BBS id INDUSTRY SUBMITS RECOMMENDATIONS ON FUR SEALS: The Japan Fisheries Society on June 18, 1966, submitted to the Government industry's views on the harvesting and processing offur seals and related studies. The Society made the following statements and recommendations: 1. The raw seal skins Japan sent to the United States firm in 1965 for processing were found to be somewhat unsatisfactory. Every possible step must be taken in 1966to improve fur-seal harvesting and curing meth- ods. In 1967, the International Fur Seal Com- mission is scheduled to study research and development work conducted in 1965-66 to improve the quality of seal skins. The Com- mission's findings will have a vital bearing on the revision of the present Convention, so Japan must carefully study this matter in order to achieve her original objectives. For the 1966 annual meeting, Japan should senda group of biologists and seal-skin experts as advisors to the Government delegation. 2. Concerning research and development work, the Soviets are said to be operating a new efficient research vessel to study ma- rine animals. It is known that the quality of skins taken at sea is superior to those taken Vol. 28, No. 8 on land, so Japan should proceed to build a spe- cial research vessel to thoroughly study meth- ods of harvesting fur seals with minimum dam - age to their skins. The behavior of the Pribilof herd (partic - ularly females) inrecent years deserves close study. Furthermore, the investigation of the herds onthe Robben and Komandorskie Islands is also lagging, so the scientists of the countries concerned should jointly undertake studies on those herds, Salmon fishing grounds should also be investigated to explore possibilities of dealing with fur-seal predation which is causing extensive damage to the salmon fish- ery. 3. The Japanese Agriculture and Forestry Ministry's revenue from fur seal sales since 1958, totaling around 200 million yen (US$555,000) annually, should be spent on the forgoing research and development work as well as onthe promotion of the fur-seal proc- essing industry. (Suisan Tsushin, June 20, Suisancho Nippo, June 21, 1966.) sk sk aS 3K GOVERNMENT TO COMPENSATE OWNERS OF SEIZED VESSELS: On June 13, 1966, the Fisheries Agency published a list of 214 vessels seized by the Republic of South Korea that have been judged to be eligible for government compensation totaling about 2,650 million yen (US$7.4 mil- lion). The 214 vessel owners will be com- pensated as follows: vessels 920 millionyen ($2.6 million); cargo 570 million yen ($1.6 million); administrative expenses 160 million yen ($0.4 million); loss of fishing time 100 million yen ($0.3 million). The 3,900 crew members that sailed on the seized vessels will receive financial assistance totaling 850 million yen ($2.4 million). Smallandmedium vessel owners and all crew members will be exempt from paying tax on their compensation. However, the major fishing companies will have to pay a partial tax. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, June 15, 1966.) BOR On hot, ok OK OK OK OK UTILIZATION OF SAURY IN 1965: A survey made by the Japanese Fisheries Agency on the utilization of saury in 1965 showed that over half (56.9 percent) of the total catch of 229,694 metric tons was frozen, 17.8 percent consumed fresh, and 11.3 per- cent canned. Of the total of 130,784 tons of August 1966 Japan (Contd.): Utilization of Saury in 1965, with Comparisons RIAN) Ses MARE Misca i . ? e 9 229, 694] 100, 0 [209,715 [100.0 100.0 (1/P rocessed and used as food, e.g., salted, dried. frozen saury, about one-third is expected to be consumed as bait by the tuna long-line fishery. (Suisan Tsushin, June 15, 1966, and other sources.) WHALING IN EAST CHINA SEA REACTIVATED: A large Japanese fishing company has recommenced whaling operations in the Goto Islands in the East China Sea. The firm has assigned to the operation the 430-ton whaler Fumi Maru No. 5. On June 15 the Fumi Maru was was reported to to have landed her first fin. __ whale. Another firm which had also until last year engaged in the Goto Islands whale fishery apparently does not plan on reenter- ing the fishery. (Suisan Tsushin, June 21, 1966.) re | A. North Korea SOVIET-NORTH KOREAN FISHERIES COMMISSION MEETS: The 17th session of the Korean-Soviet Commission on Scientific and Technical Cooperation in Fisheries took place in Py- ongyang, North Korea, May 10-17, 1966. The Soviet delegation was headed by Minister of Fisheries A. A. Ishkov. The agendaof the 1966 meeting of this Commission is not known. The Soviet-Korean Commission must not be confused with the multilateral Western Pacific Fisheries Commission of which both North Korea and the U.S.S.R. are members. Included in the latter Commission are Com- munist China, North Vietnam, and Mongolia; it was formed only 11 years ago. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 Republic of Korea REFRIGERATED TUNA VESSELS ASSIGNED TO AMERICAN SAMOA: The Republic of South Korea assigned to American Samoa in April, 6 new 180-ton re- frigerated tuna long-line vessels. Reportedly, this is the first case of countries other than Japan employing refrigerated tuna vessels out of Samoa. Japan was the first to employ them (in place of ice boats) and their use is expected to become more widespread. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, June 1, 1966.) Libya FISHING VESSELS ORDERED FROM POLAND: Polish shipyards have orders from Libyan owners for 33 small fishing vessels designed to fish in the Mediterranean, Included are two training and research vessels. Delivery is scheduled for the end of 1967. No details on specifications or financing arrangements are known. | Malaysia SURVEY OF MARINE FISHERY RESOURCES IN COOPERATION WITH THAILAND: The Malaysian Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives announced on May 24, 1966, that Thailand has agreed to join Malaysia in a research survey of fishing resources in waters surrounding Malaysia. The survey, which is to be completed before the north- east monsoon begins late this year, will be carried out inthree stages: (1) a six-week survey in waters between Songkla and south- ern Johore, (2) a survey along the east coast of Malaya, and (3) a survey in waters around Sabah and Sarawak. The intent of the survey is to identify un- exploited fishery resources. By developing new fishing grounds, the Minister hopes to increase Malaysia's annual marine catch (215,000 metric tons) by 100,000 tons. The Minister also announced that the Mal- aysian Government is considering the pur- chase from Thailand of 1 or 2 90-ton fishery 66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Malaysia (Contd.): research vessels. Costing about M$150,000 each, the vessels will come equipped with echo-sounders and wireless sets. (U.S. Em- bassy, Kuala Lumpur, June 7, 1966.) Editor's Note: Hopefully, the survey will help relieve the tension between trawlermen and inshore fishermen. The location of un- exploited fishing grounds, whichcould be des- ignated for trawling, would reduce the temp- tation for trawlermen to poach on inshore grounds inside the 12-mile, 15-fathom limit. On May 29, marine police used tear gas to disperse 500 inshore fishermen who had mo- bilized for another naval battle with Pangkor Island trawlermen who were reportedly vi- olating the limit. It remains to be seen whether improved relations with Indonesia will also help re- lieve tension. Repeated Indonesian attacks on fishing boats have made Malaysian trawl- ermen reluctant to fish more than a few miles off the Malaysian coast. Mexico SHRIMP TRENDS, FIRST QUARTER 1966: Shrimp landings during the first quarter of 1966 were up somewhat over the same period of 1965, according to preliminary data of the Mexican Department of Fish- eries. The total catch of January-March 1966 for the 9 principal shrimp ports was 7,046,960 kilograms (15,503,300 pounds), compared to 6,754,000 kilograms (14,858,800 lbs.) in 1965. Fig. 1 - Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico. Entrance to harbor. Vol. 28, No. 8 Fig. 2 - Shrimp trawlers and freezing plants at Guaymas, Sonora, (Data are based on shrimp as landed--heads- on, heads-off, etc.) The Pacific Coast fishery reversed the downward trend of the past several years, with a substantial increase in catch, In1966, catches were 4,892,869 kilograms (10,964,300 pounds), compared to 4,129,336 kilograms (9,084,500 pounds) the preceding year. Four Pacific Coast ports showed large increases. One port showed a Slight increase, but Salina Cruz experienced a sharp drop (table 1). Table 1 - Mexico's Principal Pacific Coast Ports Show Increased Shrimp Landings, First Quarter 1966 and 1965 First Quarter . (1,000 Kilos) . 1, 670 926 . (1,000 Lbs.) . 3 1,979 1,417 396 287 115 31 286 273 700 941 The fishery in the Gulf of Mexico, which had been on the increase for several years, suffered a setback. Production in 1966 was 2,154,091 kilograms (4.7 million pounds), compared to 2,624,664 kilos (5.8 million pounds) the preceding year. The two principal Gulf ports had smaller production (table 2) whereas Tampico had a small increase. Neither governmental nor industry statis- tics specify species nor size of shrimp. In general, there are no ex-vessel prices in Mexico. Shrimp are delivered to proc- August 1966 Mexico (Contd.): Table 2 - Mexico's Principal Gulf Ports Show Lower Shrimp Landings, First Quarter 1966 and 1965 First Quarter - (1,000 Kilos). 83 | 1,580 894 151 essing plants on consignment and vessels share whatever the eventual sales price may be on the United States market. Part pay- ment is made at time of unloading pending final settlement. No data are available on processed prod- ucts. All shrimp for export is frozen either as heads-off shelled, or peeled individually fro- zen, butterfly, witha small quantity breaded. As customary, virtually all exports are to the United States. Because shrimp exports to the United States are such an important part of Mexican foreign trade, the Depart- ment of Statistics of the Secretariat of In- dustry and Commerce includes them in its "Principal Economic Indicators."' Accord- ingto its recent preliminary figures, shrimp exports during the first quarter of 1966 were valued at 119.9 million pesos (US$9.6 million), up 16.5 percent from 1965's 102.8 million, (US$8.23 million), which in turn was down 25.5 percent from 1964 when they were valued at 137.9 million (US$11 million). Fig. 3 - A few of Ciudad del Carmen's 250 shrimp trawlers. The marketing situation early in 1966 was good as far as the producers are concerned, Prices and demand were at high levels in both the United States and Mexico. Producers are looking forward to moving all the shrimp they can obtain in the forseeable future. The most encouraging trend is the im- provement of catches in the northern part of the Pacific Coast, which is by far the greatest producing area and where the larg- est decline has taken place in recent years, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 After several years of overbuilding, fol- lowed by a decline in production accompanied by continual strife between boat owners and crews, the construction of new vessels (ex- cept for export) virtually ceased. Hence, the fleet as a whole is becoming obsolete as compared to the fleets of other countries that are competing for the United States market. Generally speaking, the older Fig. 4 - Close-up of typical shrimp trawler operating out of Ciudad del Carmen. Mexican vessels are not capable of fishing in deep water and hence cannot expand the present grounds. Without new replacements the fleet cannot be expected to increase pro- duction. However, afew new vessels are now under construction in Gulf ports, and the National Bank for the Development of Cooperatives is about to build ten very large vessels for deep-water trawling in an effort to convert its pilot fishing port at Alvarado into a shrimp port. These developments should maintain catches in Gulf of Mexico waters at a maximum level. (Regional Fish- eries Attache, U. S. Embassy, Mexico, June 25, 1966.) FISHING LIMIT OF 12 MILES PROPOSED: The President of Mexico is said to have proposed that a law be formulated for sub- 68 Mexico (Contd.): mission to the Mexican Congress during the next session, fixing Mexico's exclusive fish- ing zone to 12 miles. Mexico now unilateral- ly claims fisheries jurisdiction up to 9 miles off the Mexican coast. (U. S. Embassy, Mex- ico, May 27, 1966.) KEGa its -¥e X\ iy, ae SEED OYSTERS EXPORTED TO FRANCE AND DENMARK: In the spring of 1966, a shipment of 24 tons of seed oysters was exported by a Nor- wegian firm to France. Three charter planes were used to carry the oysters from Vigra near Aalesund to France, The oysters were of the planting type and were carried live in plastic fish boxes, Previously Norway has exported large quantities of planting oysters to Denmark. Natural conditions for oyster breeding in Norway yield a grade of oyster spat that is hardy and adaptable to temper - ature fluctuations. (The Export Council of Norway.) Norway Peru BANNER YEAR FOR FISH MEAL PRODUCTION: The 1965/66 season wound up in May as a banner year for fish meal, confounding the earlier predictions of scientists that the an- chovy catch would be small in tonnage and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Fig. 1 - Using a power block to re-pile a purse-seine net aboard | a Peruvian anchovy vessel. Vol. 28, No. 8 poor in quality. The 9-month season pro- duced almost 1.4 million metric tons of fish meal and left the industry with over half a million tons of inventory, more than enough to carry through until fishing resumes in Fig. 2 - Sacks of fish meal curing for export. Meal is stored out- doors because it never rains. September. During the first 5 months of 1966, the industry produced over 960,000 tons of meal, an extraordinary total far outstrip- ping any comparable period on record. (U.S. Embassy, Lima, July 3, 1966.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1966 p. 87, June 1966 p. 82, May 1966 p. 65, April 1966 p. 66, February 1966 p. 79, January 1966 p. 90. Poland NEW CLASS OF STERN FACTORY TRAWLERS TO BE BUILT BY 1967: The Gdansk Shipyard has started building a new B-22 class factory sterntrawler for Polish fisheries. When designing the new trawler, ex- perience gained in operating the B-15 and B-26 trawlers was takeninto account. The trawler will fish in distant sub-Arctic fishing grounds of the northwest Atlantic. The stern fishing gear will be adapted tocatchat great depths (upto 1,000 meters, 3,280 feet), as wellas for pelagic fishing. The fish caught will be processed into frozenfish fillets in blocks, frozen fish in blocks, fish meal, and fish oil. The main characteristics of the new B-22 class trawler are: Length between perpendiculars. ... 80.0 meters (262.4 feet) Breadth. ..2-eeeceeceececes-- 14.5 meters (47.6 feet) Depth moulded. ... Sb foe 9675) meters|(S2.0)teet) Deadweight capacity. ».+.--s » » 1,500 tons rors 22700 tons Gross registered tonnage August 1966 Poland (Contd.): Capacity of reefer holds. ..... . 1,530 cubic meters (54,025 cubic feet) 435 cubic meters (17, 360 cubic feet) 60 cubic meters (2,119 cubic feet) Capacity of fish meal holds ..... Capacity of oil tanks... Endurance ..2«+eeesseecee - 90 days Main engine output .....+-+.-. 2,500hp. Speed (at trials) .....2.2.2-+e.. $13.8 knots Gre Wieilel sitesi elieliciie) elie) elec! elle) e) 1 4 OSnpersons The vessel's propulsion system will com- prise main engine driving a controllable-pitch propeller through reduction gear. Two gener- ators willbe coupled to the transmission gear. Apart from these, in the engineroom there will be two separate generating sets. The trawler will have one wheelhouse for the conduct of both navigational and fishing operations. Remote control of the control- lable-pitch propeller and trawl winch from the wheelhouse will be provided. The electric trawl winch will have a pulling capacity of 12.5 tons at a rope-heaving speed of 110 meters or 361 feet per minute. The operations connected with hoisting the cod end on deck will be mechanized to a large extent. The processing and freezing capacity will be 70 metric tons per day. The mechanized fish-filleting lines will include: alarge cod-processing line, asmall cod-processing line, and an ocean perch or redfish-processing line. Frozen products will be stored in holds at a temperature of 25°-C. (-13° F.), in holds situated on both sides of the engineroom. The fish-meal plant's capacity will be 35 metric tons per day. In special boilers, tech- nical or medicinal liver oils will be manu- factured from cod livers. The prototype unit in the series of the new factory trawlers will be handed over to Pol- ish owners in 1967. (Polish Maritime News.) Ba Eg Set be ed FISHERIES ATTACHE IN EAST BERLIN: The former Director of the Gdynia Sea Fisheries Institute is scheduled to become Polish Fisheries Attache in East Berlin. He will be replaced by a technologist who was COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 formerly a professor in the Technological Division of the Fisheries Department of the Higher Agricultural School. The establish- ment of a fisheries attache position in East Germany is apparently recent and was made in connection with the 1962 Tripartite Agree- ment on Fisheries Cooperation concluded between the U.S.S.R., Poland, and East Ger- many (Bulgaria acceded in 1964, Rumania in 1966). The Agreement, administered bya Joint Mixed Commission, stipulates a close col- laboration between the signatory powers in fishery research, fisheries technology, and development of joint high-seas operations. The Commission also forecasts fish stocks in the Northwest Atlantic (ICNAF) and co- ordinates fishery research there. In addi- tion to a fisheries attache in East Berlin, Poland has a similar position in Moscow, U.S.S.R., and Accra, Ghana. (U.S. Embassy, Copenhagen, June 20, 1966, and other sources.) Portugal TUNA FISHERY DEVELOPMENT PLANS FOR CAPE VERDE ISLANDS: To promote Cape Verde Island fisheries, especially tuna fisheries, the Portuguese Government announced a contract with the Portuguese firm which is expanding its cold- storage facilities at Sio Vincente. In essence, the Portuguese Ministry of Overseas agreed to provide the firm with about US$1 million to build modern port facilities for use by the Cape Verde fishing industry. Portugal had previously announced that West Germany had agreed to (1) provide two technicians to make a 6-months tuna survey off the Cape Verde Islands, and (2) help Por- tugal transform a vessel into a modern live- bait tuna-fishing vessel. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1966 p. 89. Saint Pierre-Et. Miquelon POLISH VESSELS LAND FROZEN PACKED FISH AT SAINT PIERRE: Polish fishing vessels use the port of Saint Pierre, a French possession south of Newfoundland, to transship their frozen pack- 70 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Saint Pierre-Et Miquelon (Contd.): aged fish to the United States. Traffic was especially active in the winter of 1964 and early spring of 1965 when a number of Polish fishing vessels anchored at this Common Market port. Most of the packaged fish was frozen cod, and some of it also went to Canada. (Canadian Fisherman.) Editor's Note: During 1965 at least 10 fishing nations used the port of Saint Pierre. The Spanish vessels were most frequent vis- itors; Portuguese, Norwegian, Danish, Jap- anese, and Venezuelan vessels visited the port. To accommodate the increased traffic, a new fishing harbor is being completed at Saint Pierre, and negotiations are underway to obtain the necessary capital to build a large fish factory near the new fishing port. South Africa FISHING SEASONS CHANGED: Changes in the fishing seasons for spiny lobster and for pelagic species of fish were announced by the Division of Sea Fisheries of South Africa. The lobster season along the west coast will be closed from June 1 to September 30 each year (previously Septem - ber and October only). The open season for smaller fish, such as sardines, mackerel, and maasbankers, was extended to eight months, January 1 to August 31. (This season previously closed on July 1, with extensions in recent years for anchovies only.) (United States Embassy, Pretoria, June 7, 1966.) Kk KK OK FISHING TRENDS, MAY 1966: ———————————————_————————E————— Fish Meal and Fish Oil: Good catches iting factor on occasions being the weather conditions. At Walvis Bay, South-West Af- rica, the last of the factories commenced op- erations and fairly heavy catches were landed. Cape operations were confined in the main to meal and oil production, owing to the un- suitability of the fish for canning purposes; at Walvis Bay, however, production included all the major products. The industry is now fully committed for the current year in ac- cordance with sales programs, which have been based upon forecasts of likely availa- bility. Vol. 28, No. 8 Fish meal and fish oil prices on the world market tended to decline somewhat in May, owing mainly to continued heavy production in Peru. In view of the global availability of these products tending to equate generally with demand, no great fluctuations in price are anticipated, however. Spiny Lobster: May spiny lobster oper- ations reflected little change from the late March and early April pattern. Shipments were maintained to all markets at price levels which remained constant, despite the prevailing easier tone in the United States. Catching was affected to some extent by the heavy snoek runs which annually attract the attention of some fishermen. Vema Seamount: Early in 1966, it was reported that the Division of Sea Fisheries was undertaking a scientific investigation of the lobster population around Vema Seamount. This area, some 16 square miles in extent, attracted an intensive concentration of fish- ing operations after the occurrence of a prolific lobster population on the summit zone of the Mount was discovered towards the end of 1964. After initial heavy catches, signs of rapid and early depletion soon be- came evident. It was ascertained that the compositionas such of the lobster population around Vema Seamount had not revealed any marked change. This conclusion was arrived at after a com- parative examination of the average sizes of a fairly representative cross section of individual lobsters sampled before and after the period of exploitation. According to the survey, the decline in the availability of lob- sters in this area may be attributable, there- fore, in no small measure to a decrease in numerical strength. A further lack of avail- ability may be, the report suggests, the pos- sibility that the abundance of plant life a- round the rocky slopes of the Mount made baiting difficult. Malpractices of fishermen, moreover, could also have contributed to de- clining catches. Excessive dumping of lob- ster offal, for example (only the tail of each lobster is utilized, the remainder--some 60 percent of the total weight--is thrown over- board), was found to have not only a toxic effect on lobsters themselves but also acon- taminating influence on supporting fauna and flora. The possibility of, and probable length of time involved before the lobster population August 1966 South Africa (Contd.): could be expected to recover, received close examination. It may be possible that float- ing larval colonies will be drawn from the lobster colonies occurring in the Tristan de Cunha area (which are composed of a species identical to that forming the colonies around Vema Seamount) by the South Atlantic Gyral current system; on the other hand, distances are great and migrating life is subject to the vagaries of the current. Judging by the population growth on Tristan de Cunha, however, the lobster species con- cerned has a slow growth and, therefore, also rate of increase. (Barclays Trade Review, June 1966.) KKK KX EXPORTS OF LIVE SPINY LOBSTERS INCREASE: South Africa's exports of live spiny lob- ster in 1965 were almost 10 times bigger than in the previous year, and after the first four months of 1966 it was indicated that last year's record would be surpassed within the next two months, an official of the Cape Lob- ster Exporters! Association in Cape Town said on May 13, 1966. The exports of frozen whole lobster showed an even bigger increase in 1965, compared with the previous year (3,356 lbs. to 128,758 lbs.). France is by far the big- gest customer for South African live spiny lobster, although exports to many other parts of the Continent and Britain are increasing rapidly. South Africa exported 35,128 lbs. of live lobsters in 1964, 349,128 lbs. in 1965, and 229,703 lbs. for the first four months of 1966. (United States Embassy, Pretoria, June 7, 1966.) eK ok ok CANNED PILCHARDS HAVE LOCAL MARKET BOOM: The South African pilchard-canning in- dustry is experiencing a boom, with home market sales having doubled inthe last three years, from 625,000 cartons to 1,250,000 car - tons in1965, Afurther 20-percent increase in sales this year to around 1,500,000 car- tons is expected. For many years dependent on fluctuating export markets for the bulk of its revenue, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 71 the industry is now finding a much more stable base in the rapidly-expanding home market. The Director of Federal Marine, the fish- canning industry's sales organization, gives the low price of the product and the growing consumption of canned fish by the Bantu as reasons for the upsurge in local sales. As the basic price of canned pilchards has not risen for 18 years, they represent very good value for the money. The favorable prognosis for local sales will only partially compensate the industry for the loss of the anticipated Philippine market, in the wake of a decision by the Philippine Government to prohibit further purchases of South African canned pilchards. Previous sales to the National Marketing Corporation of the Philippines had amounted to over 700,000 cases annually. (South Af- rican Digest, Pretoria, June 3, and United States Embassy, Pretoria, July 7, 1966.) KOK OK OK OK FISHING INDUSTRY SEEKS GOVERNMENT CONTROLS ON FOREIGN OPERATIONS: Four major South African fishing firms reportedly plan to seek South African Gov- ernment action to control the activities of foreign fishing firms off South African wa- ters. They will ask the Government to im- pose restrictions on the use of South African harbors by foreign firms and to require own- ers of foreign trawlers to pay customs duty on fish in cold storage, particularly in Cape Town. In addition, they will urge the Gov- ernment to call an international conference to protect fish stocks in the Atlantic, and particularly around South Africa. According to an industry representative, the South African problem is twofold: one of long-term preservation of fishing grounds and one of meeting foreign fishing competi- tion. The press recalls Minister Diederich's statements to the recent conference in Cape Town of the International Association of Fishmeal Manufacturers. These statements dealt with the threat to South Africa's fish- ing industry posed by the extensive opera- tions of foreign fishing interests, and called for observance by the respective foreign governments and interests of proper con- servation measures. (United States, Em- bassy, Pretoria, June 21, 1966.) @8 od 72 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW South-West Africa FISHING TRENDS, MAY 1966: During May, fish were plentiful, and a- bundant catches were being taken not far out from Walvis Bay. Shoals were found within 1 to 1-1/2 hours sailing from the jetties, or about 8 to 12 miles offshore. The general condition of the fish was de- scribed as very good and oil yield amounted to about 17 gallons per ton of fish. As a result of a major boiler -breakdown at the Walvis Bay power station, processing fac- tories were forced to curtail production, Production of fish meal, fish oil, and can- ned fish during February and March 1966 was: 1966 ish meal (short tons). .... 9,083 16, 649 ish oil (long tons). ....- 1,463 2,488 anned fish (Ibs.), . . 2 2 c= 4,472, 317 12, 304, 782 Production and export figures for frozen spiny lobster tails and canned lobster meat through Luderitz during April 1966 were: Product US$ piny lobster tails, frozen... . 521,000 1,039,000 piny lobster meat, Canned... + ee ee ee eee 31, 800 (Barclays Trade Review, June 1966.) vic Spain AUTOMATED TUNA VESSEL BEING BUILT: The tuna purse-Seiner Sarasua under con- struction in a Spanish shipyard is being e- quipped with an automated system for loading the catch and for freezing and storing the fish in an ''assembly-line'' operation, The system provides for a purse-seine filled with tunato be coupled to an opening in the stern of the vessel below the waterline. An inflowing current is then created by the ship's twotur- bine engines to draw the fish into the vessel. As the water is expelled from the receiving tank through a second opening in the direc- tion of the seine, the force of the outgoing current floats the net and prevents it from becoming fouled in the ship's propeller. The fish are emptied from the stern compartment into adjoining freezer tanks amidships by means of a conveyor belt. Once frozen, the fish are conveyed to a forward storage com- Vol. 28, No. 8 partment which is also equipped with a con- veyor belt for unloading the catch. Using this system the owners expect efficient op- erations with a substantially reduced crew. FREEZING TANKS REFRIGERATED COMPARTMENT " Schematic drawing showing planned "assembly -line" operation of the Sarasua. The Sarasua's 6 freezer tanks will have a freezing capacity of 100 tons of tuna a day. Capacity of the storage compartment is 1,000 cubic meters, with a temperature of -20°C. (U.S. Consul, Bilbao, June 15, 1966.) Tanzania FISHERY AID FROM U.S.S.R.: On May 26, the Tanzanian Finance Min- ister Jamal signed an aid agreement with the Soviet Union during his visit to Moscow. The credits, amounting to 18 millionrubles (about US$20 million), were provided inanagreement reached in August 1964. Soviet credits will fi- nance (among other projects) a fish-drying plant, 4 cold-storage plants, and fishing gear and equipment for both the Mainland and the Is- land of Zanzibar. Twoofthe cold-storage plants for keeping frozen fish willbe located on Zanzibar and 2 onthe Mainland. The loan will be repaid over a period of 12 years at 23 percent interest. The Soviets willuse the loanpayment moneys for the purchase of Tanzanian products. (U.S. Embassy, Moscow, June 10, 1966.) Togo FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT: Continued German aid to Togo's modest ocean fishing industry bodes well for its future. In 1965, a cold-storage room, smok- ing and drying facilities, and related instal- lations were completed with German assis- tance. A store equipped to sell fishing gear and boat supplies to fishing cooperatives was August 1966 Togo (Contd.): established. Several German advisors are working with the Service de Péche, and one of the long-awaited German fishing trawlers was finally delivered to Togo in early 1966, Small fishing vessels are now able to anchor in the lee of Togo's new port thus securing protection from the open sea. A small Peace Corps inland fisheries pro- ject to alternate raising fish and rice inponds supplied by dammed rain water progressed well in three locations in the north. Several pond systems were built, dams were im- proved, and both products were successfully harvested ona small scale. A related river fishing project by one volunteer has also reg- istered success interms ofincreased catches. Construction continued throughout 1965 on Togo's new German-financed deep-water port, a few miles east of Lomé. The prin- cipal jetty is nearing completion, and work has begun onthe pier and related installations. The port will probably be ready to handle its first ships toward the middle of 1967, several months ahead of schedule. Togo's Fish Imports, 1965 1964 NOD rere oe treme oe — Boze or Bates fish . smoked, or salted fish. A Togo iinorted more “fish in 1965 than in the previous year, andits fish exports dropped from 44.8 tons in1964toan insignificant 7.6 tons, worth 559,000 CFA francs (US$2,282) in 1965. Increased localconsumptionand more clandestine re-exports (principally to Ghana) probably account for both developments. (United States Embassy, Lome, May 17, 1966.) Uganda FISHERIES AID FROM ISRAEL: Between 1962 and 1965 Israel sponsored three courses for fisheries officers. Six Ugandans attended a three-month course in February 1964 and an additional 5 fisheries assistants attended a similar course in June 1965, The subjects covered shore and lake fishing, construction and repairing of nets, construction of boats, sailing and navigation, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 73 During their stay in Israel, the students vis- ited fishing centers and artificial fish ponds. | (United States Embassy, Kampala, June 29, 1966.) U.S. S.R. FLOUNDER FISHERY OFF KURILE ISLANDS: In early June 1966, a Soviet fishing expe- dition began catching flounders off the South Kurile Islands. Soviet Pacific flounder catch- es have decreased markedly during the last three years. This was partially due to poor flounder catches inthe eastern Bering Sea and adepletion ofstocks off Kamchatka. PACIFIC HAKE UTILIZATION: The first deliveries of Pacific hake caught by Soviet fishing vessels off the Pacific North- west had begun to arrive in the Siberian mainland in June 1966. Some hake is being sold in fish stores in Iuzho Sakhalinsk on Sakhalin Island. The Far Eastern Fisheries Administration is exploring new ways ofusing hake for human consumption and dishes pre- pared from Pacific hake were tested. In- cluded were hake soup, hake cutlets, hake fillets in tomato sauce, fried hake with mar- inated sauce, hake loaf, and others. x ok ok ok ok DELIVERIES OF HERRING TO JAPANESE ON THE HIGH SEAS: The Hokkaido Island Federation of Fish- ery Unions has made a contract with the Soviet Far Eastern Foreign Trade Office (DALINTORG) for the delivery of 5,000 metric tons of round herring to two Japanese herring motherships operating in the northern sea of Okhotsk. Despite occasional difficulties be- tween the Japanese and Soviet fishermen, the relations between the Soviets and Japanese are taking aturnfor the better. Increasing fishery trade between Soviet Far Eastern Re- gions and Japan's Northern Provinces plays a large role inthis rapprochement. Ishkov's visit to Tokyo, which will deal mainly with (1) the problems of insuring safe Japanese opera- tions near the Soviet coasts and (2) technical cooperation, presumably will further improve the U.S.S.R.-Japanese fishery relations. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1966, p. 55. *k kk k 74 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW U.S.S.R. (Contd.): PACIFIC FISHING FLEET ADDITIONS: By 1970, the Far Eastern Fisheries Ad- ministration at Vladivostok plans to buy 40 large factory stern trawlers for its Pacific fisheries. This will more than double the number of large stern trawlers operating in the Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea as of June 1966. How many ofthese new sterntrawl- ers fish off U.S. coasts will depend on the pace with which the U.S.S.R. develops fishing grounds elsewhere in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the latter part of 1965 and early part of 1966, the Pacific Research In- stitute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO) sent 3 fishery research expeditions: to explore various Pacific areas: the Conti- nental Shelf off Mexico; probably off western South America; off Australia, New Zealand; and elsewhere in the South Pacific as well as in the Indian Ocean. Almost 20 fishery re- search and exploratory vessels have beenen- gaged in these expeditions--the largest num- ber ever employed under a single Soviet fish- ery research program. The results are not yet known, but on the success or failure of these explorations will largely depend how intensive the Soviet fishing effort off United States Pacific shores in the future will be. A pattern of Soviet fishing operations is emerging. The Soviets have developed the ca- pability to capture and utilize a diversity of marine species indistant waters, and will un- doubtedly continue to search out and develop new resources. This expansion into virgin grounds and little exploited resources will con- tinue for several years to come, withconcom - mitant additions to the Soviet fleet of larger vessels of broad range and great fishing capa- bility. The pattern appears to involve intensive fleet concentration ona single species on one ground for relatively short periods. It re- sults inatemporary increase of average land - ings. Whenfishing drops off, fleet effort is then divertedto the same species elsewhere, or to other species inthe same generalarea. This does not preclude exploitation of the first spe- cies onthe original grounds at some future date should the stocks rebuild. SOS NOG EOS eS ested etd FAR EASTERN FISHERIES RECEIVE TWO NEW FACTORY STERN TRAWLERS: At the end of May, the Kamchatka Fisher - ies Administration received two new large Vol. 28, No. 8 factory freezer sterntrawlers constructed in the Nikolaev-on-the-Black-Sea Shipyards. Both are about 3,200 grosstons, Maiakovskii class. One of them, the Voskhod, made acall at the port of Burgas, Bulgaria, where it loaded lumber for Cuba. In Cuba it picked up sugar for the U.S.S.R., which it will unload in Kamchatka prior to engaging in fishing inthe North Pacific. The second trawler, the Trudovie Rezervy, was brought to Kamchatka by a Leningrad fishing captain. (Kamchatskaia Pravda, May 30, 1966.) Editor's Note: These additions tothe Kam- chatka fleet are the first of the 12 new stern trawlers that willbe delivered to Kamchatka by 1970. Another trawler was delivered tothe Sakhalin Fisheries Administration inmid- April1966. Withthe new additions, the U.S.S.R. now operates 38 large factory sterntrawlers from its Far Easternfishing ports. In1959, the U.S.S.R. had only one large stern trawler inthe Pacific. Soviets will most likely use these fac - tory trawlers inthe oceanperch and other bottomfish operations off United States coasts. Other additions will be used in expanding So - viet Pacific fisheries. Gg oe) Og te ot Sa ga tanks a5 NEW OCEANOGRAPHIC VESSEL: During the second International Oceano- graphic Congress held in Moscow, the Soviets described to the Congress participants ano- ceanographic vessel recently built in East Ger- many for the Soviet Union. The Akademik Kurchatov, constructed at the Mathias-Thesan shipyard in Wismar, is a 370-foot vessel, has a6,680-ton displacement, andis manned bya crewof84, The ship has 22 research labora- tories, will accommodate 84 scientists and technicians, and is equipped witha helicopter. The Akademik Kurchatov is the world's largest oceanographic vessel, andis assigned to the Institute of Oceanography of the Soviet Aca- demy of Sciences. The first cruise of this research vessel will probably take place inthe Atlantic Ocean where, with the U.S.S.R. oceanographic vessel Vitiaz, geophysical research willbecarriedout. A group of East German oceanographers has been invited to participate onthis cruise. The East German shipyard has an order for 2 more similar oceanographic vessels for the U.S.S.R. to be delivered in the next few years. (U.S. Embassy, Moscow, June 10, 1966.) ay ae tates OK K Kx August 1966 U.S.S.R. (Contd.): EXPLORATORY FISHING IN NORTHERN BERING SEA: The fisheries research vessel Kalmar of the Pacific Scientific Research Institute for Fisheries and Oceanograpny (TINRO) sailed on a research cruise to the Northern Bering Sea from her home port of Vladivostok at the end of June 1966. During the 4-month expedition, the TINRO scientists will study the possibility of developing commercial fisheries north of St. Lawrence Island in the northern Bering Sea to follow closely behind Japanese interest. FISHERY RESEARCH IN THE PACIFIC: The Soviet oceanographic research vessel Voieikov began its 16th scientific cruise in mid-June 1966. In addition to hydrological investigations, research on fishery resources of the Pacific will also be conducted; the em- phasis will be on whale and saury resources. Voieikov has conducted extensive researchin the northeastern Pacific in the past (she was off United States and Canadian coasts in 1965 with the Shokalskii and 2 other hydrographic vessels). As far as we know, however, this is the first time that these vessels will also conduct fishery research. SKK OK OK OK SAURY RESEARCH OFF U.S. COASTS: The scientific fishery research vessel Ogon departed the home port of Vladivostok early June 1966 for an exploratory-research cruise that will last seven months and include the area from Vancouver Island to Mexico. She will first operate with the ocean perch fishing fleet off Vancouver Island. (It was the Ogon that in 1965 found large concentra- tions of ocean perch in that area.) The real purpose of her cruise is to confirm the oc- currence of large concentrations of saury which she found around the 40th parallel last year. 7 OOK OOK OK OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSEL ENDS ATLANTIC STUDIES: The Soviet oceanographic research vessel Mikhail Lomonosov returned to her home port of Sevastopol on January 12, 1966, after a 3-month voyage in the Northeastern Atlan- tic and the Norwegian Sea. The vessel, which has a displacement of over 6,000 tons, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 795 carried a team of 130 scientists (including 12 women) and was equipped with 16 modern lab- oratories. The Marine Hydrological Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences oper - ates the vessel. During the trip the scien- tific party studied the formation of radio- active fields in the Northwestern Atlantic and came to the conclusion that in view of strong currents and intensive water exchange the Northwest Atlantic must be closed to radio- active waste disposal. The expedition also studied the directions of known currents with the use of an electronic computer installed on board the vessel. Editor's Note: The Mikhail Lomonosov, the largest Soviet oceanographic vessel, has been in the forefront of Soviet oceanographic efforts for several years. During 1964-1965, she participated in the First Joint Soviet- Cuban Fishery and Oceanography Research Expedition in the Gulf of Mexico and the Car- ibbean Sea, United Arab Republic JOINT FISHERY RESEARCH WITH U.S.S.R.: The Soviet Union and the United Arab Re- public have concluded an agreement for joint fishery research in the southern part of the Mediterranean near the Egyptiancoast. This scientific survey will begin in January 1966, and last one year. Participating will be eight Soviet and five Egyptian biologists and ocean- ographers aboard a Soviet vessel. The prin- cipal purpose of the survey is the discovery of new marine resources and the study of fish concentrations, and their food patterns. United Kingdom’ SUPPLY AND DISPOSITION OF FROZEN PROCESSED WHITE FISH, 1953-1965: British production of frozen processed white fish has about doubled during the last 10 years, but domestic consumption has in- creased at an even faster rate. Domestic output has been insufficient to satisfy do- mestic consumption since 1960, and in 1965 imports made up about 30 percent of the British supply of frozen processed white fish. 76 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW United Kingdom (Contd.): ~ Table 1 - British Frozen Processed White Fish Disposition, 1953-1965 Home Market ota Bulk or on- B or | Con- Home Int'l sumer Total Int'l sumer |} Market | Packs | Packs Exports _| Packs | Packs | i/Includes small amount of ship's stores and shipments for British Government installations abroad. |2/Breakdown not available. Source: British White Fish Authority. v Vol. 28, No. 8 WARP-LOAD METER FOR FISHING VESSELS DEVELOPED: A warp-load meter for measuring strain or tension in seine-net warps has been de- veloped by the White Fish Authority of Great Britain. Its purpose is to show skip- pers at a glance the tension in the warp and thus let them know at once when a net has hung up. This enables the skipper to take immediate steps to reduce the damage to gear. A version of the warp-load meter proved useful on trawlers and was developed for purse-seiners to make it less costly for skippers to fish new grounds where nets could be lost or badly damaged on obstruc- tions which have not been accurately loca- ted. (Trade News, April-May 1966, Cana- dian Department of Fisheries.) Bulk or Institutional Packs Fish Used In Total Production Production 158, 962 136, 408 129,000 128,442 127,020 116, 500 98, 102 94,037 81,087 78, 309 67,655 54,612 26,910 1/Revised. 2/Breakdown not available. 3/Included in production data, Source: British White Fish Authority. A sharp increase was reported in 1965 British production of frozen processed white- fish products, as British firms built up freez- er trawler fleets and expanded distribution facilities for frozen products. Exports in- creased in1965, but they were stillonly about halfthe volume ofimports. One indication of the change in British marketing methods is that British output of consumer packs of froz- en white fish has exceeded production of bulk packs since 1963, British stocks of frozen processed white fish on January 1, 1965, totaled 16,977 long tons. Closing stocks on December 31, 1965, were 27,161 tons. ‘Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1965 p. 98. % OK OK * Bulk or Institutional Packs (Long Tons) ....5... 38, 421 1/32, 547 30, 617 24,036 26, 161 22, 487 18,043 13,996 11,915 / / Foreign Fishing Off United States Coasts, June 1966 IN NORTHWEST ATLANTIC: Soviet: The number of Soviet fishing ves - sels on Georges Bank in the Northwest At- lantic increased considerably during June from over 100 vessels early in the month to an estimated 150 by month's end. A total of 161 vessels (exclusive of dupli- cation) was sighted during the month and iden- tified as 60 factory stern trawlers, 9 freezer stern trawlers, 24 medium refrigerated side trawlers, 53 medium side trawlers, 1 large August 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW refrigerated side trawler, 4 refrigerated fish transports, 3 factory base ships, 4 cargo and supply ships, 2 fuel and water carriers, and one seiner-type vessel which was not rigged for fishing. This compares to 141 vessels sighted during May 1966 and 178in June 1965. Fig. 1 - Soviet factory-type stem trawler fishing in the Northwest Atlantic. The fleet was dispersed in large groups a- long the 50- and 100-fathom curves from southeast of Nantucket Lightship (off Massa- chusetts) to the southeast part of Georges Bank, but about 25 vessels operated inter- mittently in the vicinity of Cultivator Shoals (northern Georges Bank). The principal species taken by the Soviets appeared to be whiting (silver hake) and less - er amounts of herring. The Soviets apparent- ly were exerting maximum fishing effort in areas where whiting and herring are normal- ly found in abundance, yet their catches were only moderate to poor. Romanian: One Romanian factory stern trawler was sighted among the Soviet fleet on the southeast part of Georges Bank. Two of those vessels were observed on Georges Bank in late summer and early fall of 1965. Polish: No vessels were sighted. Es bese. Baa) bss OFF MID-ATLANTIC: soviet: No vessels were sighted during June off the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. The large Soviet fleet fishing off the mid-Atlantic in May 1966 moved north to Georges Bank accounting for most of the in- crease in that area. Some vessels left for Soviet ports to discharge their catch in fro- zen or processed form. Hee) ok ake 3k 77 IN GULF OF MEXICO AND CARIBBEAN: Cuban: No Cuban vessels were reported fishing off U.S. coasts. Most of Cuban high- seas fishing operations take place off the Mexican coast where during the so-called "Campeche Patrol,'' the U.S. Coast Guard sighted 15 Lambda-class Cuban fishing ves - sels northwest of Progresso (Mexico) during its patrol from May 3 to May 11, 1966. They were fishing alongside 30 Mexican fishing vessels. Fig. 2 - Cuban Lambda-class fishing vessel fishing on the Cam- peche Banks off Mexico. Soviet: Most Soviet vessels operating out of Cuba are fishing with the Cuban fleet inthe general area of the Campeche Banks on the wide Continental Shelf north of the Yucatan Peninsula. Their number was estimated at no more than about 12. Occasionally, how - ever, those vessels do approach U.S. coasts. On May 6, a large modern refrigerated car- rier was sighted anchored about 20 miles west of Anclote Keys (northwest of Tampa, Fla.) accepting fish from 2 medium stern trawlers. Because of darkness (11 p.m.), it was not possible to get vessel names or ob- serve the species transferred. Norwegian: OnJune 5, a U.S. shrimp ves- sel observed a Norwegian fishing vessel op- erating about 30 miles south southwest of Tampa, Fla., near Egmont Key. KOK KOK OFF PACIFIC NORTHWEST (Washington and Oregon States): oviet: The Soviet fleet (consisting of stern trawlers, side trawlers, and support vessels that had in previous months been fishing for ocean perch off the coast of Ore- gon) spent the month of June off the coast of Washington fishing for Pacific hake. At the start, they were working off of Will- apa Harbor, Wash., and from there worked up the coast of Washington to as far north as ‘LaPush, Wash. Apparently the few boats that were left to work off Willapa Harbor found 78 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW the abundance of Pacific hake to be greater than was found by the fleet working off of La- Push and Destruction Island. As a result, the bulk of the Soviet fleet moved back south and joined the fleet working off Point Gren- ville and Willapa Harbor. When that areawas checked on June 29, 1966, it was found thatall but three of the Soviet vessels were operating there. The first of June there were about 42 So- viet vessels working off the Washington coast. During a flight on June 29, a total of 105 So- viet vessels was sighted working off that coast. The first midwater trawling activity was observed on June 27; at that time 4 vessels using this type of gear were observed. Later, 4 additional vessels were seen with midwater trawls. The midwater trawl is towed by two Soviet vessels and during the course of the tow, other Soviet vessels pass between the two towing apparently to spot schools of fish for them and also to check the depth the trawl is fishing. They primarily were catching hake. One catch of about 100 tons was taken in one haul by a pair of trawlers. During the period while the Soviet fleet was under surveillance, no vessel was seen within five miles off the U. S. coast, norwere any of them seen fishing salmon. The sur- veillance from Coast Guard surface craft was continuous night and day. OK OK OK OK OFF ALASKA: Japanese: At the end of June about 200 Japanese fishing and support vessels were operating in waters off Alaska. This was al- most twice the number as at the end of May when 111 were sighted. However, this is a typical seasonal increase. In addition, 4 salmon motherships accompanied by 142 catcher vessels were fishing for salmon in the North Pacific between 175° W. longitudeé and 170° E. longitude. (The other 7 mother- ships with their 227 catcher vessels had moved west beyond 170° E.) About 25 Japanese vessels (factoryships and trawlers) were fishing for ocean perch in the central and western Gulf of Alaska. Four Japanese fish-meal factoryships with about 100 trawlers were fishing in the Bering Sea. Fig. 3 - Hoisting gear in the bow of a trawler fishing for a Japan- ese factoryship in the Bering Sea. In the shrimp fishery, 1 factoryship and about 15 trawlers remained on the grounds northwest of the Pribilof Islands. Several trawlers were fishing shrimp near the Shu- magin Islands in the western Gulf of Alaska. Fig. 4 - Squaring away the deck of a Japanese factory -mother- ship preparatory to leaving the fishing grounds in the Bering Sea. Fillet-freezing pans in the foreground. Two factoryships and 10 catcher boats con- tinued king crab fishing on the Bristol Bay ~ flats. One of these fleets moved eastward during the month. Fig. 5 = Japanese fishmeal factoryship in the Bering Sea. August 1966 Fig. 6 - Japanese crab factoryship in Bristol Bay. A total of 3 whaling factoryships with a- bout 30 killer vessels were spread from the eastern Gulf of Alaska to the far Aleutian chain. Fig. 7 - Trawler fishing for a Japanese crab factoryship in Bristol Bay. Soviet: During June the number of fishing vessels operating off Alaska decreased. By the end of the month less than 100 Soviet ves - sels remained in the area, almost half the number fishing there in May and at the be- ginning of June 1966. As it has been for the past year, trawling for Pacific ocean perch continues as the larg- est Soviet fishery off Alaska. Throughout May a fleet of from about 70 to well over 100 vessels fished for perch in the Gulf of Alaska and in the Bering Sea. This large fleet was divided into 4 major operational areas. In southeast Alaska--al- most 50 vessels engaged in perch fishing early in June, but their numbers dwindled down to about 12 towards the end of the month; by early July that fishery was abandoned by the Soviets. The vessels fishing there moved mostly southward accounting for the large in- crease in the number of vessels in the hake fishery off the Pacific Northwest. In the Central Gulf of Alaska--a major change occurred about the middle of the month when most of the fleet moved from the Yakutat fishing grounds west to jointhe Soviet perch fleet on Portlock Banks. The Portlock fleet doubled during June to over 50 vessels. Some of the Alaska Gulf perch-fishing vessels had COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 719 excellent catches. At least one large stern trawler was reported as having caught a total of over 1,200 metric tons (2.6 million pounds) in June alone; the largest daily catch for that vessel was 60 metric tons of perch. Off Western Aleutians --fishing for ocean perch did not change during June. An average of about 10 vessels operated intermittently in various areas of the Western Aleutians. Bering Sea--a new fishery for Pacific o- cean perch was started. In 1960, the Soviet fishing fleets began a short-lived perch fish- ery near the Pribilof Islands (after the her- ring season in that area was terminated) and caught about 7,000 metric tons. In subsequent years, however, when a highly successful Gulf of Alaska perch fishery was started, the fishing grounds off the Pribilofs received no attention. Harly in 1966, the Soviet Far East- ern Fishery administrators ordered a re- newal of perch fishing along the limits of the Continental Shelf off the Pribilofs. In May, an exploratory vessel discovered large Pa- | cific perch concentrations in the central Ber- ing Sea and the build-up of the fishing fleet followed. By the end of June about 12 med- ium trawlers operated in that area. Fig. 8 - Older-type Soviet side trawler under way in Bering Sea with all nets aboard. Soviet shrimp fishing in the Shumagin Is- lands area ended during June and the vessels either returned to their Siberian home ports Fig. 9 ~ A Soviet refrigerated fish transport operating in the Ber- ing Sea and Gulf of Alaska. 80 or were transferred to otherfisheries. Shrimp | from this fishery were mostly exported to: Japan which reportedly imported over 4,000 metric tons during January-May 1966 ata price of $240 per ton c.i.f.; to France and Italy; in smaller amounts to Poland, Czecho- slovakia, and North Korea. To continue earn- ing hard currencies, the Soviets are now or- ganizing in Vladivostok the second shrimp- catching fleet expedition. The three king crab factoryships accom- panied by tangle-net handling trawlers con- tinued to operate during June on the Conti- nental Shelf off the western Alaska Peninsula. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 The whaling operations which began in May off the farthest Aleutians have moved, like in the past years, closer to the United States mainland. According to the Seattle Times of June 9, one of the whaling fleets (consisting of a factoryship and several whale catchers) operated about 600 miles off the State of Washington's coasts, making sizable catches. Navy fliers who flew over the Soviet whaling fleet reported that 6 or 7 whales were killed in the week of May 21 when the Navy patrol flew over the area. LITTLE SMELT BELTS BIG PROTEIN PUNCH Smelt scoresagain! The little fish with the big flavor has won new popularity ina Columbia River Smelt Sandwich. This unusual recipe comes to you from the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Thedelicate sweet-flavored smelt are rolled in egg and seasoned crumbs, then fried in deep fat. Served in rolls withtartar sauce, smelt brings a real protein punch to your eating enjoyment. In nature smelt are found from the Gulf of St. Lawrenceto the Virginia Capes, the Great Lakes area, and the mighty Co- lumbia River. In markets they are found practically everywhere the year round. Economical too! pan-dressed fish, fresh or frozen 1 egg, beaten 1 tablespoon milk 1 cup dry bread crumbs COLUMBIA RIVER SMELT SANDWICH 1 pound pan-dressed smelt or other small Thaw frozenfish. Clean, wash, and dry fish. Combine egg and milk. Combine crumbs [avers 2 teaspoons paprika 2 teaspoons dried thyme $ teaspoon salt 6 hot dog rolls, heated Tartar sauce and seasonings. Dip fish in egg mixture and roll in crumb mixture. Place in single layer in a fry basket. Fry in deep fat, 350° F., for 2 to 3 minutes or until brown and fishflakes easily when tested with a fork. Drain on absorbent paper. Spreadrolls with tartar sauce. Place 3 or 4 fried fish in each roll. Serve with additional tartar sauce. Serves 6. August 1966 Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDLIFE LAW ENFORCEMENT STRENGTHENING OF FISH AND WILDLIFE LAW ENFORCEMENT SOUGHT: The Department of the Interior announced on April 28, 1966, that it had asked Congress to provide for increased wildlife protection and facilitate enforcement of certain crimi- nal statutes covering offenses against wild- life. A Department-proposed amendment to the Criminal Code would extend protective Fed- eral laws to every part of the United States in order to curb the $1 million a year alli- gator poaching racket that is depleting these valuable reptiles. Alligator hides are in great demand for expensive shoes and purses. Raw hides 5 to 6 feet long sell for $6 a foot. In- terior's Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wild- life reported those prices create an incentive for poachers to violate State laws designed to protect alligators, now on the Interior De- partment's list of endangered species. Existing law makes it a Federal offense to transport in interstate traffic wild mammals and birds taken in violation of State, Federal, or foreign law. The Interior Department has suggested that the law be extended to cover reptiles (such as alligators), amphibians (frogs), mollusks, including oysters andclams, and crustacea, such as crabs and lobsters. The Department also proposed amendments concerning penalties designed to protect wild animals and property on Federal sanctuaries, refuges, or breeding grounds. As proposed, the Criminal Code would be amended to: (1) Extend coverage to all Federal areas administered for the conservation of wildlife and to all other Federal areas that may be set aside by the Secretary of the Interior to aid wildlife. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 81 FEDERAL | ACTIONS (2) Define "wildlife" to include wild mammals and birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, mollusks, crustacea, and all other classes of wild animals. (3) Prohibit violation of regulations set by United States agencies responsible for wildlife areas concerning automobiles, disorderly conduct, or littering. (4) Provide new authority to Interior Department em- ployees to arrest persons violating regulations and to search for and seize any property used or pos- sessed illegally. A third recommendation would amend the Criminal Code governing importation of in- jurious species of wildlife. At present, the Secretaries of Interior and Treasury share enforcement responsibility, but there is no provision for arrests or seizure of property used in violation of this section. The pro- posed bill would provide Interior and Cus- toms Bureau employees with this authority. A bill submitted to Congress by the De- partment of the Interior, would also make unlawful interstate or foreign commerce in wild animals or birds without marking the package with the name of sender and consign- nee, and the contents by number and kind. In- cluded would be reptiles, amphibians, mol- lusks, and crustacea--thus authorizing Fed- eral game management agents to aid State enforcement further of laws intended to curb illegal traffic in alligator hides. Interior's bill would increase the juris- diction of a United States Commissioner who now, when designated by a court for the pur- pose, may try and sentence persons commit- ting petty offenses in any place over which Congress has exclusive power to legislate or over which the United States has concurrent jurisdiction with a State. While petty offend- ers in national parks may be tried by a Com- missioner, there is no statutory authority for their jurisdiction over such violations on most national wildlife refuges and other Fed- eral wildlife areas. The proposal would extend such jurisdic- tion to any Federal area. A Commissioner 82 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 also could try violators of laws and regula- tions administered by the Secretary of the In- terior for the protection and conservation of fish and wildlife, regardless of where the of- fense was committed. This would include vi- olations of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, "Duck Stamp Act,'' Bald Eagle Act, and Black Bass Act. In 1964, Congress authorized Commission- ers to have jurisdiction over offenses in Na- tional Forests. At present, a petty offender can choose to be tried by a District Court, but may not be tried by a Commissioner without the suspect's written consent. This choice would be retained under the expanded juris- diction. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES APPLICATIONS FOR FISHING VESSEL LOANS: The following applications have been re- ceived for loans from the U. S. Fisheries Loan Fund to aid in financing the construc- tion or purchase of fishing vessels. Crosby B. Ames, Matinicus, Maine 04851, construction of a new 30-foot wood vessel to engage in the fishery for lobster. Notice of the application was published by the U. S. De- partment of the Interior's Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries in the Federal Register, June 15, 1966. Lawrence Finlay, Box 2296, Kodiak, Alas- ka 99615, purchase of a used 61.7-foot regis- tered length wood vessel to engage in the fish- ery for Dungeness crab, king crab, and salm- on. Notice of the application was published in the Federal Register, June 15, 1966. Frank D. Todd, 950 Broadway, Riviera Beach, Florida 33404, purchaseof a used 30- foot wood vessel to engage in the fishery for mackerel, snappers, and groupers. Notice of the application was published in the Fed- eral Register, June 15, 1966. Pcncas Alois Kopun, Sr., Box 73, Kodiak, Alaska 99615, purchase of a used 42-foot vessel to engage in the fishery for halibut, Dungeness crab, andkingcrab. Notice of the application was published in the Federal Register, June 16, 1966, Arthur Walter Bidle, 1863 Royal Palm Ave., Fort Myers, Florida 33901, purchase of a 61.6-foot registered length wood vessel to en- gage in the fishery for shrimp. Notice of the application was published in the Federal Reg- ister, June 21, 1966. Charles H. Bundrant and Donald J. Arndt, Box 1515, Kodiak, Alaska 99615, purchase ofa 54.5-foot registered length wood vessel to en- gage in the fisheryfor kingcrab. Notice of the applications was published in the Federal Reg- ister, June 21, 1966. Chester R. Humphries, 216 Lagoon Drive, Russell Park, Fort Myers, Florida 33901, pur- chase of a used 61.6-foot wood vessel to en- gage in the fishery for shrimp. Notice of the application was published in the Federal Reg- ister, June 23, 1966. "Margaret F.'' Corp., 3107 Jarvis St., San Diego, California 92106, purchase of a used 53.9-foot registered length wood vessel to en- gage inthefisheryfortuna. Notice of the ap- plication was published in the Federal Regis- ter, July 14, 1966. Regulations and procedures governing fish- ery loans have been revised and no longer re- quire that an applicant for a new or used ves- sel loan replace an existing vessel (Public Law 89-85; Fisheries Loan Fund Procedures-- 50 CFR Part 250, as revised August 11, 1965.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1966 p. 101. EK OK OK OK REGULATIONS ON PAYMENT OF SUBSIDIES UNDER FISHING FLEET IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1964 AMENDED: An amendment providing a procedure for the payment of subsidies under the Fishing Vessel Construction Differential Subsidy Pro- gram, published in the Federal Register, July 2, 1966, relaxes current restrictions contain- ed in Part 256 Code of Federal Regulations. The amendment which became effective on publication in the Federal Register of that date follows: Title 50—WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES Chapter Il—Bureau of Commercial y Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, C Department of the Interior PART 256—FISHING VESSEL CON- STRUCTION DIFFERENTIAL SUBSIDY PROCEDURES On page 16088 of the FEDERAL REG- IsTER of December 2, 1964, there was pub- lished a notice and text of a proposed revision of Part 256. These regulations became effective on December 22, 1964. The amendment set forth herein pro- vides a procedure for the payment of sub- sidy relaxing current restrictions con- tained in § 256.10 of Part 256 Code of August 1966 Federal Regulations in order that sub- sidy payments may be made in accord- ance with the terms of the subsidy con- tract if agreed by the Maritime Adminis- trator. Effective date. This amendment shall be effective upon publication in-the Frp- ERAL REGISTER. Section 256.10 is amended by adding the following paragraph (d): U.S. STANDARDS FOR GRADES OF FROZEN HEADLESS DRESSED WHITING ADOPTED: The adoption of voluntary U. S. standards for grades of frozen headless dressed whiting was published in the Federal Register, July 14, 1966, as an amendment to Title 50, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 271. The voluntary standards of quality are de- signedto: (1) represent the differences in mar- Title SO—WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES Chapter II—Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, Department of the Interior SUBCHAPTER G—PROCESSED FISHERY PRODUCTS, PROCESSED PRODUCTS THEREOF, AND CER- TAIN OTHER PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS PART 271—U.S. STANDARDS FOR GRADES OF FROZEN HEADLESS DRESSED WHITING On pages 7244 and 7255 of the FEDERAL REGISTER of May 18, 1966, there was pub- lished a notice and text of a proposed new Part 271—U.S. Standards for Grades of Frozen Headless Dressed Whiting of Title 50, Code of Federal Regulations. Interested persons were given 30_days to submit written comments, suggestions or objections with respect to the pro- posed new part. No responses to the proposal were received. The new part is issued pursuant to sections 203 and 205 of Title IT of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, 60 Stat. 1087, 1090, as amended, 7 U.S.C. sections 1622 and 1624 (1958), as trans- ferred to the Department of the Interior by section 6(a) of the Fish and Wild- life Act of 1956, 70 Stat. 1122 (1956), 16 USS.C. section 742e (1958). Accordingly, the new Part 271—U‘S. Standards for Grades of Frozen Head- less Dressed Whiting is hereby adopted without change and is set forth below. ‘pis part shall become effective at the beginning of the 30th calendar day fol- lowing the date of this publication in the FEDERAL REGISTER. Donan L. McKernan, Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Juy 8, 1966. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW § 256.10 Payment of subsidy. (d) If the Maritime Administrator agrees, by his clearance of a payment schedule set forth in a pro forma con- struction contract to accompany a re- quest for bids, that it is in the public in- terest to allow the percentage of the subsidized construction cost withheld to be less than 30 percent of the subsidized 7K OK OK OK OK 83 construction cost, then the subsidy con- tract executed in connection with such construction contract shall reflect pay- ment in accordance with such payment schedule. HarOLp E. CROWTHER, Acting Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. JUNE 29, 1966. ket value; (2) achieve a uniform quality de- scription of the product to aid trading; and (3) aid processors in establishing quality con- trol programs. The standards are used by U. S. Department of the Interior inspectors as the basis for determining the quality level of whiting in processing plants operating un- der the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries In- spection program. PART 271—U.S. STANDARDS FOR GRADES OF FROZEN HEADLESS DRESSED WHITING + 271.1 Description of the product. 271.2 Grades of frozen headless dressed whiting. 271.11 Determination of the grade. 271.21 Definitions and methods of analysis. 271.25 Tolerances for certification of offi- cially drawn samples. AuTHORITY: The provisions of this Part 271 are issued under sec. 6, 70 Stat. 1122; 16 U.S.C, § 742e; and secs. 203 and 205, 60 Stat. 1087, 1090, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 1622, 1624. § 271.1 Description of the product. The product described in this part con- sists of clean, wholesome whiting (silver hake) merluccius bilinearis, merluccius albidus; completely and cleanly headed and adequately eviscerated. The fish are packaged and frozen in accordance with good commercial practice and are main- tained at temperatures necessary for the preservation of the product. § 271.2 Grades of frozen headless dressed whiting. (a) “U.S. Grade A” is the quality of frozen headless dressed whiting that (1) Possess a good flavor and odor and that (2) for those factors that are rated in accordance with the scoring system out- lined in this part, have a total score of 85 to 100 points. (b) “U.S. Grade B” is the quality of frozen headless dressed whiting that (1) Possess at least reasonably good flavor and odor and that (2) rate a total score of not less than 70 points for those fac- tors of quality that are rated in accord- ance with the scoring system outlined in this part. (c) “Substandard” or “Utility” is the quality of frozen headless dressed whit- ing that meet the requirements of § 271-1 but that otherwise fail to meet the re- quirements of “U.S. Grade B.” 21Compliance with the provisions of these standards shall not excuse failure to com- ply with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Following are the standards as published in the Federal Register, July 14, 1966: § 271.11 Determination of the grade. In a plan under Continuous USDI Inspection the grade is determined by examining the product for factors 1-10 in the thawed state and factor 11 in the cooked state. For lot inspection, exam- ination of the product for factors 1, 2, and 3 is carried out in the frozen state and 4-10 in the thawed state. Factor 11 is examined in the cooked state. (a) Factors rated by score points. Points are deducted for variations in the quality of each factor in accordance with the schedule in Table 1. The total of is 100; the minimum score is 0. (b) Factors not rated by score points. points deducted is subtracted from 100 to obtain the score. The maximum score The factor of “flavor and odor” is evalu- ated organoleptically by smelling and tasting after the product has been cooked in accordance with § 278.21. (1) Good flavor and odor (essential requirements for a U.S. Grade A prod- uct) means that the c3oked product has the typical flavor and odor of the species and is free from rancidity, bitterness, staleness, and off-flavors and off-odors of any kind. (2) Reasonably good flavor and odor (minimum requirements of a U.S. Grade B product) means that the cooked prod- uct is lacking in good flavor and odor, but is free from objectionable off-flavors and off-odors of any kind. § 271.21 Definitions and methods of analysis. (a) Selection of the sample unit. The sample unit consists of the primary con- tainer and its entire contents. The whiting are examined according to Table 1. Definitions of factors for point de- ductions are as follows: (b) Examination of sample, frozen state. When this product is examined under Continuous USDI Inspection, the 84 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW samples are examined for factors 1, 2, and 3 in Table 1 in the thawed state. When the product is lot inspected, the samples are examined for factors 1, 2, and 3 in Table 1 in the frozen state. (1) “Arrangement of product” refers to the packing of the product in a sym- metrical manner, bellies or backs all facing in the same direction, fish neatly dovetailed. (2) “Condition of the packaging ma- terial’ refers to the condition of the card- board or other packaging material of the primary container. If the fish is allowed to stand after packing and prior to freez- ing, moisture from the fish will soak into the packaging material and cause de- terioration of that material. (3) “Dehydration” refers to the presence of dehydrated (water-removed) tissue on the exposed surfaces of the whiting. Slight dehydration is surface dehydration which is not color-masking. Deep dehydration is color-masking and cannot be removed by scraping with a fingernail. (c) Examination of sample, thawed state. Thawed state means the state of the product after being thawed. Thaw- ing the sample is best accomplished by enclosing the sample in a film type bag and immersing in an agitated water bath held at 68° F., +2° F. Allow the prod- uct to remain immersed until thawed. Alternatively when the facilities are lacking for water thawing, the sample may-be thawed by slacking it out at a temperature between 30° to 40° F. on an aluminum tray from 2 hours for a 1%- pound sample to 8 hours for a 10-pound sample. (1) “Minimum size’ refers to the size of the individual fish inthe sample. Fish 2 ounces or over are considered accept- able. Smaller fish cannot be cooked uniformly with acceptable size fish. Separate the fish of unacceptable size, divide their number by the weight of the sample in pounds, and apply to Table 1. Example—four fish of unac- ceptable size in a 5-pound package is 4% =0.8, a 10 point deduction. (2) “Uniformity.” From the fish re- maining, select by count 10 percent (minimum of one fish) of the largest and 10 percent (minimum of one fish) of the smallest and divide the largest weight by the smallest weight to get a weight ratio. (3) “Heading” refers to the condition of the fish after they have been headed. The fish should be cleanly headed behind the gills and pectoral fins. No gills, gill bones, or pectoral fins should remain after the fish have been headed. (4) “Evisceration” refers to the clean- ing of’ the belly cavities of the fish. All spawn, viscera, and belly strings should be removed. TABLE 1.—SCHEDVLE OF POINT DEDIcTIONS PER SAMPLE FROZEN STATE (LOT INSPECTION ONLY) Factors scored Method of determining score Small degree: 10 percent of fish twisted or bellies and backs not facing the same direction. Large degree: More than 10 percent of fish twisted, void present or some fish cross packed. Condition of packaging (overall | Poor: Packaging material has been soaked, softened or assessment’ deteriorated. Small degree: Slight dehydration of the exposed surfaces_ Large degree: Deep dehydration of the exposed surfaces____ THAWED STATE Minimum size: Fish 2 oz. or } Number of fish less than < uz. per Ib. over are of acceptable size. Over 0—not over 0.5___ Over 0.5—not over 1 Over 1.0—not over 2. Over 2.0___ Uniformity: Weight ratio of fish remaining. The 10 le cent largest fish divided by the 10 percent smallest fish Weight ratio 10 percent small Over 2.0—not over 2.4. Over 2.4—not over 2.8. Over 2.8—not over 3.2_ Over 3.2—not over 3.6_ Heading! Small degree: 10 percent of fish carclessly cut Moderate degree: Over 10 percent of fish carelessly cut Evisceration (overall assess- ment). t). Bruises and split or broken skin. Small degree: Slight evidence of viscera. Moderate degree: Moderate amounts of spawn, viscera, etc_ Large degree: Sealing! Small degree: Large degree: Color of the exposed surfaces Small degree: (overall assessment) Large degree: Large amounts of viscera, spawn, etc. 10 percent of fish not well scaled. Over 10 percent of fish not well scaled. Minor darkening, dullin; Objectionably d: Presence of bruises and/or broken or split skin per pound: Over 0—not over 0.5___ Over 0.5—not over 1.0_ Over 1.0—not over 1.5. Over 1.5—not over 2.0_ Over 2.0___ Texture: (overall assessment) Small degree: Moderately dry, tough, mushy, rubbery, watery, strin; BY. Large degree: ‘Excessively dry, tough, mushy, rubbery, watery, stringy. 110 percent of fish refers to 10 percent by count rounded to nearest whole fish. (5) “Scaling” refers to the satisfac- tory removal of scales from the fish. (6) “Color of the cut surfaces" refers to the color of the cut surfaces of the fish after heading and other processing. (71) “Bruises and broken or split skin” refers to bruises over one-half square inch in area and splits or breaks in the skin more than one-half inch in length which are not part of the processing. (d) Examination of sample, cooked state. Cooked state means the state of the sample after being cooked. Cook- ing the sample is best accomplished by inserting the sample into a film type bag and submerging it into boiling. water for from 18-20 minutes. A minimum of three fish per sample unit shall be cooked. (1) “Texture defects” refers te the absence of normal textural properties of the cooked fish flesh, which are tender- Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1966 p. 101. ook ok OK ok ness, firmness, and moistness without excess water. Texture defects are dry- ness, softness, toughness, and rubbery- ness. (e) General definitions. (1) Small (overall assessment) refers to a condition that is noticeable but is only slightly objectionable. (2) Moderate (overall assessment) refers to a condition that is distinctly noticeable but is not seriously objection- able. (3) Large (overall assessment) refers to a condition which is both distinctly noticeable and seriously objectionable. § 271.25 Tolerances for certification of officially drawn samples. The sample rate and grades of specific lots shall be certified in accordance with Part 260 of this chapter (Regulations Governing Processed Fishery Products). Vol. 28, No. 8 5 OF August 1966 JOHNSON APPOINTED PACIFIC NORTHWEST REGIONAL DIRECTOR: The appointment of Donald R. Johnson as Regional Director of the Pacific Northwest Region of the Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries with headquar - ters in Seattle, Wash., was announced July 12,1966, bythe U.S. Department of the Interior. Johnson was formerly Di- rector of the Bu- reau's Pacific South- west Region, admin- isteredfrom Term- inal Island, Calif. He succeeds Samuel J. Hutchinson, who now heads the Bureau's recently created Of- fice of International Trade Promotion in Wash- ington, D. C. Donald R. Johnson Johnson will direct all Bureau activities in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming; advise the Bureau Director Don- ald L. McKernan in developing regional, na- tional, and international policies and programs; oversee the management of the fur seal herd on the Pribilof Islands in accordance with in- ternational treaty; and give particular atten- tion to the status of Columbia River salmon and the development of the Pacific hake fish- ery. He will also supervise scientific re- search work in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Johnson was born in Portland, Oreg. In 1939 he received a Bachelor of Science de- gree in fisheries from Oregon State Univer- sity and later took graduate courses in fish- eries at the University of Washington. For three years he was Staff scientist on the In- ternational Pacific Salmon Fisheries Com- mission; for 6 years, he directed research on fish populations of the Columbia River for the Oregon Fish Commission; for 7 years, he was Chief Supervisor of Research, Wash- ington State Department of Fisheries. In 1958 he joined the Bureau of Commercial Fisher- ies to direct its programs in southern Cali- fornia. Whenthat area became the Bureau's Pacific Southwest Region in 1964, he was named Regional Director. KOK OK kK OK NEW DIRECTOR OF SEATTLE TECH- NOLOGICAL LABORATORY APPOINTED: The appointment of Maynard A. Steinberg as Director of the Bureau of Commercial COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 85 Fisheries Tech- nological Labor- atory in Seattle, Wash., effective July 1, 1966, was announced by the U.S. Department of the Interior. He succeeds Maurice E, Stans- , by, who will head : a new research i unit, and has worked for the past 10 years at the Bureau's Technological Laboratory in Gloucester, Mass. Maynard A, Steinberg The Seattle Laboratory studies the prop- erties and chemical reactions of fish oils to improve and expand the market for marine products. Other research includes pasteur- ization of several species of fish to extend their storage life. The laboratory also seeks to increase the utilization and improve the quality of fish and fishery resources. Steinberg who was born at Winthrop, Mass., received his Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Massachusetts in 1946, his Masters degree in chemistry from the Uni- versity of Oregon in 1948, and his Doctorate at the University of Massachusetts in 1955. ommesee Eighty-Ninth Gongress (Second Session) Public bills and reso- lutions which may directly or indirectly affect the fisheries and allied indus- tries are reported upon. Introduction, referral to committees, pertinent leg- islative actions by the House and Senate, as well as signature into law or other final disposition are covered. COMMERCIAL FISHERY RESOURCES SURVEY: S. Rept. 1202, Survey of Fishery Resources (June 2, 1966, report from he Committee on Commerce, U. S. Senate, 89th Congress, 2nd session, to accompany S. J. Res. 29), 8 pp., printed. Committee reported favorably with amendments. Discusses purpose, legislative his- tory, need, costs, agency reports, and changes in ex- isting law. 86 Rep. Keith in extension of his remarks (Congres- sional Record, June 20, 1966, p. A3302), urged Mem- bers of the House to concur in S. J. Res. 29 which passed the Senate on June 7, 1966. This resolution would authorize and direct the Secretary of the Interior to conducta survey of the coastaland fresh water com- mercial fishery resources of the United States, its ter- ritories, and possessions. COMMODITY PACKAGING AND LABELING: Intro- duced in House H. R. 15832 (Bingham), H. R. 15850 (Rooney of Pa.), H. R. 15856 (Thompson of N. J.), June 22, 1966; H. R. 15949 (Helstoski), H. R. 15958 (Udall), June 27; H. R. 16002 (O'Hara of Mich.), H. R. 16010 (Burton of Calif.), H. R. 16014 (Moorhead), June 28; H.R. 16163 (Dent), July 12; and H. R. 16207 (Conyers) July 13; to regulate interstate and foreign commerce by preventing the use of unfair or deceptive methods of packaging or labeling of certain consumer commodities distributed in such commerce, and for other purposes; to Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Rep. Thompson (Congressional Record, June 22, 1966, p. 13329) stated that his bill is identical to H.R. 15440, which was introduced June 2, by Rep. Staggers. He in- serted in the Record a brief analysis of H. R. 15440 as submitted by Rep. Staggers. House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- merce announced June 30, 1966, that it would conduct public hearings from July 26 through Aug. 4, 1966, on S. 985, the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: In extension of his remarks Rep. Blatnik inserted in Congressional Rec- ord, June 14, 1966 (pp. A3193-A3195), an article by Rep. Richard D. McCarthy, N. Y., which appeared in the first quarter of the 1966 Perspective publication by Cornell University, titled ''ChaTlenge © Science For A Cleaner America: Environmental Pollution.’ ESTUARINE AREAS--NATIONAL SYSTEM OF ES- TUARINE AREAS: S. 3528 (Kennedy of Mass.) intro- duced in Senate June 20, 1966, to authorize the Secre- tary of the Interior in cooperation with the States to preserve, protect, develop, restore, and make acces- sible estuarine areas of the Nation which are valuable for sport and commercial fishing, wildlife conserva- tion, recreation, and scenic beauty, and for other pur- poses; to Committee on Commerce. Sen. Kennedy spoke in the Senate (Congressional Record, June 20, 1966, pp. 12951-12952) and stated this bill is similar to H. R. 13447 which was introduced Mar. 9, 1966. He stated that the bill provides for a nationwide study by the Secretary of the Interior to identify the estuarine areas which should be protected from further deterior- ation. Such a study would pinpoint those areas that warrant Federal acquisition and administration because of their national significance. Further stated that un- der this bill, States and their political subdivisions are encouraged to acquire and administer estuarine areas where the study reveals such acquisition and adminis- tration to be desirable. The end result would be a na- tionwide system of estuarine areas composed of Feder- ally-acquired areas and those designated by the States. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conserva- tion of House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish- eries June 22, 1966, continued hearings on H. R. 13447. FISHERIES PROTECTION: Rep. Pelly inserted in Congressional Record, June 27, 1966 (p. A3412), a re- solution containing a 6-point program for the protection and conservation of U. S. coastal fishery resources in COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 the eastern North Pacific Ocean, recently adopted by the Association of Pacific Fisheries, Deep Sea Fisher- men's Union, Fishing Vessel Owner's Association, and Northwest Fisheries Association. He stated the resol- ution is realistic in that it points up the immediate possibilities for resource protection by passage of leg- islation to extend U. S. fisheries jurisdiction from the present 3 miles to 12 miles, monitoring all foreign fishing operations off our coasts and contacting foreign governments to minimize or prevent international inci- dents involving loss of gear, vessels, and possibly lives. He stated that the other recommendations in- volve long-range policy regarding international agree- ments to extend fisheries jurisdiction beyond 12 miles and recognition of the abstention principle for conseryv- ation. FISHERMEN'S PROTECTIVE ACT AMENDMENT: S. 3499 (Magnuson and I other) introduced in Senate June 15, 1966, to amend the act of August 27, 1954, re- lating to the seizure of vessels of the United States by foreign countries: to Committee on Commerce. Sen. Magnuson pointed out in Congressional Record, June 15, 1966 (p. 12532), that bill is particularly applicable to U. S. fishing vessels. a number of which have been forcibly seized and detained by foreign governments off the South American coast which claim territorial seas of extraordinary width. Would amend the Fisher- men's Protective Act so that the owner of any detained American-flag vessel will be reimbursed by the Secre- tary of the Treasury for all costs, including demurrage, in addition to reimbursement of any fine required. FISHING LIMIT OF 12 MILES: Senate Committee on Commerce June 15, 1966, reported with amendment (S. Rept. 1280), on S. 2218, to establish a contiguous fishery zone beyond the territorial sea of the United States. S. Rept. 1280, Twelve-Mile Fishery Zone (June 15, 1966, report from the Committee on Commons We BS: Senate, 89th Congress, 2nd session, to accompany S. 2218), 18 pp., printed. Committee reported favorably with amendment. Discusses purpose, legislative back- ground, need, fishery jurisdiction of other nations, na- tional defense, opposition, historic fisheries, enforce- ment, cost, and changes in existing law. Senate June 20, 1966, passed with Committee amend- ment, S. 2218. Senators Magnuson, Bartlett, Saltonstall, Kennedy (Mass.) spoke in the Senate (Congressional Record, June 20, 1966, pp. 12972-12978), in support of this Tegislation. Sen. Magnuson inserted in the Record an excerpt from the Committee reporton this bill. Alsp, he stated at one point in his remarks that he will inz troduce a resolution to authorize an international con- ference on fisheries conservation. 2 House June 21, 2218. Sen. Bartlett (Congressional Record, July 13, 1966, pp. 14843-14844) discussed the broad implications in- volved in bills such as S. 2218, to extend U. S. fishery jurisdiction from the present 3-mile limit of its ter- ritorial waters to 12 miles off its coasts. He stated that this measure is of national and international im- portance because it is involved in the development of a sensible sea policy. 1966, received Senate-passed S. August 1966 Rep. Pelly spoke in the House (Congressional Rec- ord, July 14, 1966, p. 14991), concerning a call he re- ceived from representatives of Pacific Northwest fish- ermen regarding foreign fishing around the Columbia River Lightship, 43 miles off the mouth of the Columbia River. He stated it is becoming more and more evi- dent that a 12-mile fishing zone such as would be es- tablished by legislation now before Congress is abso- lutely essential. FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE PILOT PLANTS: The Committee on Commerce June 23, 1966, reported (S. Rept. 1304), with amendments, S. 2720, to author- ize the Secretary of the Interior to develop, through the use of experiment and demonstration plants, prac- ticable and economic means for the production by the commercial fishing industry of fish protein concentrate, S. Rept. 1304, Fish Protein Concentrate (June 23, 1966, report from the Committee on Commerce, U. S. Senate, 89th Congress, 2nd session, to accompany S. 2720), 11 pp., printed. Committee reported bill favor- ably with amendments. Discusses purpose, summary, background, need, cost, agency reports, and changes in existing law. Senate June 27, 1966, passed with committee amend- ments S. 2720. The Senate rejected amendments sub- mitted by Sen. Williams which would limit the pilot plants to 1 instead of 5 and would reduce authorized ap- propriations from $5 million to $1 million. Sen. Doug- las spoke in the Senate (Congressional Record, June 27, 1966, pp. 13763-13767), in Support of Sen. Williams’ amendments which would conform to the recommenda- tions of the Department of the Interior, the Bureau of the Budget, and the Comptroller General. Extract from the report of the Committee on Commerce was inserted, which included reports of the Department of the Interior and the Bureau of the Budget. Senators Bartlett, Gruen- ing, Magnuson, Saltonstall, and Pastore spoke from the floor in support of the bill as reported by the Commit- tee, which would authorize 5 pilot plants and would au- thorize appropriations totaling $5 million. Senate-passed §. 2720, June 28, 1966, was referred to Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Rep. Keith spoke in the House (Congressional Rec- ord, June 29, 1966, p. 13996) urging House action on the Senate-passed S. 2720. At one point in his remarks, he stated that he has received reports that FPC will short- ly receive the official approval of the Food and Drug Administration. < Sen. Pell spoke in the Senate (Congressional Record, June 29, 1966, pp. 14082-14087) concerning fish protein concentrate. He stated that a brief prospectus concern- {ng reasons why the fish protein concentrate plant should be established at Point Judith, R. I., was an out- growth of a meeting held in January 1966 with partici- pants from the College of Agriculture of the University of Rhode Island; the Point Judith Fishermen's Coopera- tive; the University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography; and the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. He inserted this prospectus in the Record. Introduced in House H. R. 16095 (Pelly) June 30, 1966; H.R. 16145 (Hanna) and H. R. 16173 (Tupper), July 12, to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to develop, through the use of experiment and demonstration plants, practicable and economic means for the production by the commercial fishing industry of fish protein concen- trate: to Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 87 Rep. Hanna stated that this bill is similar to legisla- tion passed by the Senate (S. 2720). He stated that fish protein concentrate experimentation has only begun; the five plants proposed by this bill will greatly increase our knowledge. He urged quick House passage of this bill. : Sen. Bartlett (Congressional Record, July 13, 1966, pp. 14843-14844) discussed S. 2720, to authorize ex- periment and demonstration plants for the production of fish protein concentrate. He also discussed the val- ue of fish protein concentrate as a food supplement, and that the United States, as the world's richest nation, bears a heavy responsibility in the war against world hunger. FOOD FOR PEACE MESSAGE: Both Houses June 30, 1966, received the President's message (H. Doc. 457), submitting the annual report on the 1965 activities car- ried on under the Food for Peace program, Public Law 480, 83rd Congress, as amended. Text of the report is printed in Congressional Record, June 30, 1966 (pp. 14096-14250). FOOD IRRADIATION PROGRAM: Sen. Price spoke in the House (Congressional Record, July 12, 1966, pp. 14668-14670) concerning the national food irradiation program. Rep. Bates joined in support of this program. He stated that (1) the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries is carrying out a program on the radiation preserva- tion of marine products at the Marine Products Develop- ment Irradiator in Gloucester, Mass.; (2) large quanti- ties of fresh fish fillets and similar marine products are packaged and irradiated in order that study can be made at near commercial scale; (3) work is progres- sing satisfactorily and there is every indication that this new means of preservation will have widespread application for fishery products. FOOD MARKETING NATIONAL COMMISSION: House June 27, 1966, received a Communication from the Chairman, National Commission on Food Marketing, transmitting a report on the structure and performance of the Nation's food marketing system, pursuant to the provisions of Public Law 88-354; referred to Commit- tee on Agriculture. ery Policy for the Eastern North Pacific Ocean, adopt- ed by four of the major fishery organizations--Associ- ation of Pacific Fisheries, Deep Sea Fishermen's Un- ion, Fishing Vessel Owners Association, Inc., and Northwest Fisheries Association. FUR SEAL CONSERVATION AND PRIBILOF IS- LANDS ADMINISTRATION: Fur Seals - Pribilof Is- lands: Hearings before the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, 89th Congress, lst and 2nd ses- sions on S, 2102, a bill to protect and conserve the North Pacific Fur Seals, and to administer the Pribilof Islands for the conservation of fur seals and other wild- life, and for other purposes, Sept. 9, 1965, St. Paul Is- land, Alaska, Feb. 18, 1966, Washington, D. C., Serial No. 89-57, 162 pp., printed. Contents include text of bill, agency comments, statements and letters of various Federal and State officials, and business representatives. S. Rept. 1235, Fur Seal Act of 1966 (June 9, 1966, re- port from the Committee on Commerce, U.S. Senate, 89th Congress, 2nd session, to accompany S. 2102), 38 pp., printed. Committee reported bill favorably with 88 amendments. Discusses purpose, legislative back- ground, summary of legislation, cost, agency reports, and changes in existing law. By a Unanimous-Consent Agreement, it was agreed that on June 20, the Senate would consider S. 2102. Sen. Lausch spoke in the Senate (Congressional Rec- ord, June 16, 1966, pp. 12922-12933), in opposition to the part of the bill which would give creditto 54 Aleuts, Eskimos and Indians for employment with the U. S. Government for a period of about 6 or 7 years prior to 1950. Senate June 20, 1966, passed with Committee amend- ment (in the nature of a substitute), as amended, S. 2102, a bill to protect and conserve fur seals on the Pribilof Islands. The amendments to the Committee a- mendment were on Bartlett motions:(1) respecting an- nuities for certain retired natives of the Pribilof Is- lands, (2) respecting use of proceeds from sale of lands in these islands, and (3) waiving approval of the Secre- tary of the Interior in issuance of deed after 10 years following the enactment of this bill. The text of the bill as passed is printed in Congressional Record, June 20, 1966 (p. 12995). Title was amended to read: ''A bill to protect and conserve the North Pacific fur seals, to provide for the administration of the Pribilof Islands, to conserve the fur seals and other wildlife on the Pribilof Islands, and to protect sea otters on the high seas. House June 21, 1966, received Senate-passedS. 2102, to Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. GATT TRADE NEGOTIATIONS: Senate June 29, 1966, agreed to S. Con, Res. 100, which expresses the sense of Congress that no agreement for the reduction of duties be entered into by the executive branch, un- less authorized under present law, without the prior approval of Congress. An excerpt from the committee report (No. 1341) was inserted in Congressional Record, June 29, 1966 (pp. 14042-14048). ICNAF PROTOCOLS: Senate June 27, 1966, received two treaties (Executive I), 89th Congress, 2nd session. Protocol to the International Convention for the North- west Atlantic Fisheries relating to measures of control; and Protocol to the International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries relating to entry into force of proposals adopted by the Commission. Sen. Bartlett (Congressional Record, June 27, 1966, pp. 13719-13720) asked unanimous consent that the injunc- tion of secrecy be removed from the above-mentioned Protocols. He also inserted in the Record the text of the President's message transmitting these Protocols. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations July 12, 1966, met in executive session and approved Protocols to the International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (Ex. I, 89th Cong., 2nd Sess.). INTERIOR DEPARTMENT APPROPRIATIONS FY 1967: House June 22, 1966, received a communication from the President of the United States, transmitting an amendment to the request for appropriations for the Department of the Interior for fiscal year 1967; re- ferred to Committee on Appropriations. the Special Subcommittee on Sea Grant Colleges of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, United States COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 Senate, 89th Congress, 2nd session on S. 2439, a bill to amend the National Science Foundation Act of 1950, as amended, so as to authorize the establishment and op- eration of Sea Grant Colleges and programs by initiating and supporting programs of education, training, and re- search in the marine sciences and a program of advis- ory services relating to activities in the marine sci- ences, to facilitate the use of the submerged lands of the outer Contineatal Shelf by participants carrying out these programs, and for other purposes. May 2, 1966-- Kingston, R. I., May 3, 4, and 5, 1966--Washington, D. C., 291 pp., printed. Contents include text, Interior Departmental Report, statements and communications from various Federal and state officials, members of Congress, University representatives and business rep- resentatives. The Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, June 24, 1966, reported (S. Rept. 1397), with amendments, S. 2439, the proposed National Sea Grant Colleges and Program Act. NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION ACT: S. Rept. 1212, National Water Commission (June 8, 1966, report with additional views from the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, U. S. Senate, 89th Congress, 2nd session, to accompany S. 3107), 11 pp., printed. Com- mittee reported favorably with amendments. Discusses background, need, mission, composition, amendments, and major provisions of the bill. NATURAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT: H.R. 15795 (Moorhead) introduced in House June 15, 1966, to redesignate the Department of the Interior as the De- partment of Natural Resources and to transfer certain agencies to and from such Department; to Committee on Government Operations. NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES ACT AMEND- MENT: Both Houses July 11, 1966, received a letter from the Assistant Secretary for Congressional Rela- tions, Department of State, transmitting a report of the ratification of the amendment to the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Act of 1950 (P. L. 845, 81st Congress), by 11 of the 13 parties to the convention: referred to House Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Senate Committee on Commerce, OCEAN EXPLOITATION: Sen. Bartlett inserted in Congressional Record, July 11, 1966 (pp. 14438-14439), an address given by Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall on June 28, before the Marine Technology Society Conference in Washington, D.C., entitled ''Exploiting the Ocean." the Marine Resources and Engineering Act of 1966 was signed by the President June 17, 1966, P. L. 89-454. Rep. Rogers spoke in the Senate (Congressional Rec- ord, June 23, 1966, p. 13372), commending the President for signing into law S. 944, the Marine Resources and Engineering Development Act of 1966. He stated that the Presidential Commission, which the bill contains, marks the first time a working dialogue will be established be- tween Government, industry, and the academic commu- nity in the field of oceanography. OCEANOGRAPHY: Sen. Fong inserted in Congres- sional Record, June 29, 1966 (pp. 14058-14059), a press release describing the purposes and plans of the Nation- al Oceanography Association and listing the Board of Di- rectors of the Association. August 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 89 OIL POLLUTION OF THE SEA: H. Rept. 1620, Im- plementing Provisions of the International Convention for the Prevention of the Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954 (June 8, 1966, report from the Committee on Mer- chant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, 89th Congress, 2nd session, to accompany H. R. 8760), 19 pp., printed. Committee reported bill favorably without amendment. Discusses purpose and major pro- visions of the bill, and changes in existing law. H. R. 15670 (Murphy of N. Y. ) introduced in House June 14, 1966, to amend the provisions of the Oil Pol- lution Act, 1961 (33 U.S.C. 1001-1015), to implement the provisions of the International Convention for the Prevention of the Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954, as amended, and for other purposes; to Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. House June 20, 1966, sent to Senate without amend- ment H. R. 8760. PESTICIDES: Sen. Ribicoff spoke in the Senate (Con- gressional Record, June 29, 1966, p. 14074) expressing his concern with reports that the Public Health Service is abolishing its Office of Pesticides. He expressed his hope that the proper officials will give this situation very serious consideration because the success of pro- grams depends often on their status and prestige in an organizational framework. SEA GRANT COLLEGES: H. R. 15636 (Keith), H.R. 15641 (Reinecke) introduced in House June 13, 1966, and H. R. 15671 (Ryan), June 14, 1966, to amend title II of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, to authorize the es- tablishment and operation of sea grant colleges and cer- tain education, training and research programs; to Com- mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Oceanography of House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries June 13, 1966, held hearing on H. R. 15192 and related bills. Among oth- ers, testimony was heard from Dr. Thomas F., Bates, Science Advisor to the Secretary of the Interior, Ad- journed subject to call. TRADE AGREEMENT: Sen. Hruska inserted in Con- gressional Record, June 23, 1966 (pp. 13488-13500), nu- merous editorials and news stories, commending Rep. Curtis' unique contribution to the Kennedy Round tariff negotiations. He also inserted the full text of Rep. Cur- tis' May 31, 1966, report on these negotiations. ''ASP and Canned Clams'' appears on page 13497. VESSEL MEASUREMENT: H. Rept. 1618, Admeas- urement of Small Vessels (June 7, 1966, report from the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, 89th Congress, 2nd session to accompany S. 2142), 8 pp., printed. Committee re- ported bill favorably without amendment. Discusses purpose and changes in existing law. House June 20, 1966, passed S. 2142, to simplify the admeasurement of small vessels; thus clearing the bill for the President's signature. S. 2142 was signed by the President June 29, 1966 (PB. L. 89-476). WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT: H.R. 15635 (Hanley) introduced in House June 13, 1966, to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control-Act in order to im- prove the programs under such act; to Committee on Public Works. Senate Committee on Public Works July 11, 1966, re- ported (S. Rept. 1367) with amendment on S. 2947. House Committee on Public Works July 12, 1966, held a hearing on H. R. 13104, the Clean Rivers Restor- ation Act of 1966; and H. R. 16076, and related bills, to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act in order to improve and make more effective certain programs pursuant to such act. Testimony was heard from Stew- art L. Udall, Secretary of the Interior; and James M. Quigley, Commissioner, Federal Water Pollution Con- trol Administration, Department of the Interior. Senate July 13, 1966, passed with committee amend- ment (in the nature of a substitute) S. 2947, to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act in order to im- prove and make more effective certain programs pursu- ant to such act. Sen. Muskie (Congressional Record, July 13, 1966, pp. 14869-14887) stated this bill can be considered the first omnibus water pollution control act. It extends and broadens the existing program; provides a new em- phasis in the clean rivers concept; strengthens other ex- isting law, including the Oil Pollution Act of 1924; and manifests the total commitment of the Federal Govern- ment to abatement of the pollution of one of the Nation's most vital resources, There are several amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, one of which provides that Section 5 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act is amended to authorize a comprehensive study of the effects of pol- lution... . Another amendment to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act adds, among other things, a new section 18, ''Study of pollution from boats and vessels." H. R. 16230 (Schmidhauser) introduced in House July 13, 1966, to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act in order to improve and make more effective cer- tain programs pursuant to such act; to Committee on Public Works. WATER RESOURCE PROPOSALS--FEASIBILITY IN- VESTIGATIONS: House Committee on Interior and Insu- lar Affairs June 15, 1966, met in open session and or- dered reported favorably H. R. 13419 (amended), to au- thorize the Secretary of the Interior to engage in feasi- bility investigations of certain water resource develop- ment proposals. House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs June 30, 1966, reported (H. Rept. 1686), with amendments H. Rept. 1686, Authorizing the Secretary of the Inte- rior to Engage in Feasibility Investigations of Certain Water Resource Development Proposals une 30, 1966, report from the Committee on Interior and Insular Af- fairs, House of Representatives, 89th Congress, 2nd ses- sion, to accompany H. R. 13419), 19 pp., printed. Com- mittee reported favorably with amendments. Discusses purpose, need, cost, analysis of the legislation, execu- tive communications, committee recommendations. Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, July 11, 1966, reported (S, Rept. 1368), with amendment, on S. 3034, to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to engage in feasibility investigations of certain water re- source development proposals. 90 Senate July 12, 1966, passed with committee amend- ments S. 3034, to authorize feasibility investigations of certain water resource development proposals. WETLANDS RECREATION AREA FOR FISH AND WILDLIFE: Introduced in House H. R. 15770 (Tenzer), June 16, 1966; H. R. 16148 (Kelly), July 12; to provide for the protection, conservation, and development of the natural coastal wetlands of Hempstead-South Oyster Bay, Long Island, for fish and wildlife and outdoor rec- reation purposes, and for other purposes; to Commit- tee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Rep. Tenzer in extension of his remarks (Congressional Record, June 16, 1966 p. A3266) stated fire this bill incorpo- rates the amendments proposed at hearings held on H. R. 11236 (introduced Sept. 23, 1965), and related bills, to establish a Long Island National Wetlands Rec- reation Area. These amendments are designed to im- prove the provisions of the bill. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conserva- tion of House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish- eries June 22, 1966, continued hearings on H. R. 11236, and related bills. Testimony was heard from Stanley A. Cain, Assistant Secretary of Interior for Fish and Wildlife and Parks. H. R. 16008 (Wydler) introduced in House June 28, 1966, to provide for the establishment of a study com- mission to consider methods for conserving, protecting, and developing the Long Island Wetlands Conservation Area; to Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. WORLD HUNGER: Senate June 13, 1966, referredH. R. 14929 toSenate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. Food for Freedom Program and Commodity Re- serves: Hearings before the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, United States Senate, 89th Congress, 2nd session on S. 2157, S. 2826, S. 2933, S. 2995 and H. R. tural commodities to combat hunger and malnutrition, to further economic development, to establish and maintain reserves of agricultural commodities to pro- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 tect consumers, and for other purposes, Mar. 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, and June 15, 1966, 518 pp., printed. Contents in-~ clude miscellaneous documents and statements of vari- ous Federal and state officials; business representa- tives and members of Congress. Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry June 15, 1966, held hearings on H. R. 14929, proposed Food for Freedom Act, Hearings were adjourned sub- ject to call. Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry met June 28, 1966, to consider H. R. 14929, proposed Food for Freedom Act. Sen. McGovern spoke in the Senate and inserted in Congressional Record, June 30, 1966 (pp. 14153-14154), the text of a resolution adopted in May 1966 by the In- ternational Federation of Agricultural Producers, on world economic development and world food policy. He stated this resolution reflects a growing consensus on the sort of war against want which he proposed in the 3 International Food and Nutrition Act, and which is now embodied in the food-for-freedom bill pending before the Senate Agriculture Committee. Rep. Quie spoke in the House (Congressional Rec- ord July, 12, 1966, pp. 15063-15064) voicing his objec- tion to the amendment which was adopted by the House to the Food for Freedom Act on June 9, 1966, which would permit fish concentrate to be exported under Pub- lic Law 480 without prior approval from the Food and Drug Administration. He inserted excerpts from an ar- ticle which appeared in a recent issue of the New Zea- land Dairy Exporter by Sir Ernest Manden, fellow of the Royal Society and elder statesman of science in New Zealand, and stated that Manden's observations com- mand more than passing note. Note: REPORT ON FISHERY ACTIONS IN 89TH CONGRESS: The U. S. De- partment of Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries has issued a leaflet on the status of most legislation of interest to commercial fisheries at the end of the ist session of the 89th Congress. For copies of MNL--3 "Legislative Ac- tions Affecting Commercial Fisheries, 89th Congress, 1st Session 1965," write to the Fishery Market News Service, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 N. Fort Myer Drive, Rm. 510, Arlington, Va. 22209. Editorial Assistants: Compositors: Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky Alma Greene and Mary Andrews sles ok OK Photograph Credits: Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer for each photograph in this issue. Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. P, 1--F, B. Sanford and C. F. Lee; pp. 56, 57 (fig. 3, upper left), 59 (left), 66, 67 and 68 (fig. 1)--R. S. Croker; pp. 57 (figs. 1-3) and 58 (fig. 4)--France Péche, Lorient; p. 58 (figs. 5-8)--Marchés du Poisson; p. 59 (right)--Consulate General of Japan, N. Y.; p. 68 (fig. 2)--John Barrett; p. 78 (figs. 3 & 5) and 79 (figs. 6 & 7)-- U. S. Coast Guard. August 1966 FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE z PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH ANO WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHING- TON, D. C. 20402. TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOL- LOWS: CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW. Number Title CFS-4054 - Frozen Fishery Products, 1965 Annual Summary, 15 pp. CFS-4080 - Frozen Fishery Products, March 1966, 8 pp. CFS-4115 - Maine Landings, February 1966 (Revised), 4 pp. CFS-4117 - North Carolina Landings, March 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4119 - Georgia Landings, March 1966, 3 pp. CFS-4120 - CFS-4122 - Fish Sticks, Fish Portions, and Breaded Shrimp, January-March 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4123 - Florida Landings, 1965 Annual Summary, 18 pp. CFS-4125 - California Landings, February 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4126 - North Carolina Landings, 1965 Annual Sum- mary, 9 pp. CFS-4128 - Alabama Landings, March 1966, 3 pp. CFS-4129 - Louisiana Landings, February 1966, 3 pp. CFS-4130 - Texas Landings, February 1966, 2 pp. CFS-4131 - North Carolina Landings, April 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4132 - Fish Meal and Oil, April 1966, 2 pp. CFS-4133 - Georgia Landings, 1965 Annual Summary, 9 pp. 3 CFS-4134 - Maryland Landings, March 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4136 - New Jersey Landings, March 1966, 3 pp. CFS-4139 - Maine Landings, March 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4140 - Massachusetts Landings, 1965 Annual Sum- mary, 15 pp. CFS-4142 - Florida Landings, April 1966, 8 pp. CFS-4151 - Georgia Landings, April 1966, 3 pp. CFS-4152 - Louisiana Landings, March 1966, 3 pp. CFS-4157 - California Landings, March 1966, 4 pp. Sep. No. 765 - Species Composition of the North Caro- lina Industrial Fish Fishery. Sep. No. 766 - The South Pacific Albacore Long-Line Fishery, 1954-64. THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SPE- CIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED: ea Tl a ee California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part I - Fishery Products Production and Market Data, May 1966, 15 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Frozen Fishery Products, April 1966, 8 pp. | 91 =< = Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif. 90731.) California cannery receipts of tuna and tunalike fish and other species used for can- ning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, sardines, mackerel, and anchovies; market fish receipts at San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; California and Arizona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices; ex-vessel prices for cannery fish; prices for fish meal, oil, and solubles; for the month indicated. California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part II - Fishing Information, May 1966, 19 pp., illus. (. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Tuna Re- sources Laboratory, P. O. Box 271, La Jolla, Calif. 92038.) Contains sea-surface temperatures, fishing and research information of interest to the West Coast tuna-fishing industry and marine scientists; for the month indicated. Middle Atlantic Fishery Trends--Monthly Summary-- April 1966, 16 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 346 Broadway, Rm. 1003, New York, N, Y. 10013.) A review and analysis of New York City's wholesale fishery trade--receipts, land- ings, prices, imports, stocks, and market trends; and trends in the fisheries of the New York Marine Dis- trict, New Jersey and Delaware Bay areas; for the month indicated. Monthly Summary of Fishery Products Production in Selected Areas of Virginia, North Carolina, and Mary- land, May 1966, 4 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 18 S. King St., Hampton, Va. 23369.) Landings of food fish and shellfish and production of crab meat and shucked oysters for the Virginia areas of Hampton Roads, Chincoteague, Low - er Northern Neck, and Lower Eastern Shore; the Maryland areas of Crisfield, Cambridge, and Ocean City; and the North Carolina areas of Atlantic, Beau- fort, and Morehead City; together with cumulative and comparative data on fishery products and shrimp production; for the month indicated. New England Fisheries--Annual Summary, 1965, by John J. O'Brien and Henry R. McAvoy, 38 pp., illus., May 1966. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 10 Commonwealth Pier, Boston, Mass. 02210.) Reviews the fishery marketing trends and conditions at the principal New England ports, and highlights of the Canadian fisheries. The latest developments in the purse-seine tuna and swordfish long-line fisheries, fish meal market, and frozen fishery products are recounted. Also includes fish- ery landings and ex-vessel prices for the ports of Boston, Gloucester, New Bedford, and Provincetown, 92 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Mass., Portland and Rockland, Me., Point Judith, R.I., Stonington, Conn.; and principal events in the Maine sardine fishery. In addition, contains data on monthly landings and ex-vessel prices by species, at Boston and Atlantic Ave. fish piers. New England Fisheries--Monthly Summary, April1966, 19 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wild- life Service, 10 Commonwealth Pier, Boston, Mass. 02210.) Review of the principal New England fish- ery ports. Presents data on fishery landings by ports and species; industrial fish landings and ex- vessel prices; imports; cold-storage stocks of fish- ery products in New England warehouses; fishery landings and ex-vessel prices for ports in Mass- achusetts (Boston, Gloucester, New Bedford, Prov- incetown, and Woods Hole), Maine (Portland and Rockland), Rhode Island (Point Judith), and Connect- icut (Stonington); frozen fishery products prices to primary wholesalers at Boston, Gloucester, and New Bedford; and Boston Fish Pier and Atlantic Avenue fishery landings and ex-vessel prices by species; for the month indicated. (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings eries, Monthly Summary, May 1966, 9 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 706 New Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle, Wash. 98104.) Includes landings by the halibut fleet reported by the Seattle Halibut Exchange; salmon landings reported by primary receivers; landings of halibut reported by the International Pacific Hali- but Commission; landings of otter-trawl vessel re- ceipts reported by the Fishermen's Marketing As- sociation of Washington; local landings by independ- ent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by scheduled and nonscheduled shipping lines and air- ways; imports from British Columbiaviarail, motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings; and imports from other countries through Washington Customs District for the month indicated. Progress in Sport Fishery Research, 1965, Resource Publication 17, 124 pp., illus., processed, Mar. 1966, 60 cents. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE ORGANIZATION OR PUBLISHER MENTIONED. DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN. ANCHOVY: "Anchovy,'' by John Radovich, article, Outdoor Cali- fornia, vol. 27, no. 4, April 1966, pp. 5-6, 15, illus., printed. State of California, Office of Procurement, Documents Section, P. O. Box 1612, Sacramento, Calif. 95807. Historical summary of the anchovy fishery. AUSTRALIA: Synopsis of Biological Data on the Grey Mullet (MU- GIL CEPHALUS Linnaeus 1758), by J. M. Thomson, Fisheries Synopsis No. 1, 75 pp., illus., processed, Vol. 28, No. 8 June 1963. Division of Fisheries and Oceanography, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Cronulla, Sydney, Australia. BACTERIOLOGY: Articles from Applied Microbiology, printed. The Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 East Preston St., Balti- more, Md. 21202: "Bacterial pollution indicators in the intestinal tract of freshwater fish,'' by Edwin E. Geldreich and Nor- man A. Clarke, vol. 14, no. 3, May 1966, pp. 429-437, illus., single copy $3.00. "Bacteriology of spoilage of fish muscle. II--Char- acterization of spoilers,'' by Peter Lerke, Ralph Adams, and Lionel Farber, vol. 13, July 1965, pp. 625-630. "Effect of heating on Staphylococcus aureus in frozen precooked seafoods, by G. Houghtby and J. Liston, article, Food Technology, vol. 19, May 1965, pp. 192- 195, printed. Institute of Food Technologists, Spec- ial Services Office, 510 North Hickory St., Cham- paign, Ill. 61820. BRAZIL: A Pesca no Nordeste (The fishery in the northeast), edited by J. M. Brand&ao, SUDENE GCDP Documen- tac&o 1966 DOP-4, 51 pp., printed in Portuguese, 1966. Grupo Coordenador do Desenvolvimento da Pesca (GCDP), SUDENE, Cais de Santa Rita, Edificio do Entreposto Federal de Pesca, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. BRISLING: "Las conservas de 'brisling' noruegas'"' (Conservation of Norwegian 'brisling'), article, Industria Conser- vera, vol. XXI, no. 313, July 1965, pp. 191-192, illus., printed in Spanish, single copy 25 ptas. (about US$0.40). Industria Conservera, Calle Marques de Valladares, 41, Vigo, Spain. CALIFORNIA: California Fish and Game, vol. 52, no. 2, Apr. 1966, pp. 67-128, illus., printed, single copy 75 cents. Of- fice of Procurement, Documents Section, P. O. Box 1612, Sacramento, Calif. 95807. Some of the articles are: ''An early hepatoma epizootic in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdnerii,"’ by J. H. Wales and R. O. Sinnhu- ber; ' Annotated list of fishes collected by midwater trawl in the Gulf of California, March-April 1964," by Robert J. Lavenberg and John E. Fitch; ''Fecun- dity of the Pacific hake Merluccius productus (Ayers)," by John S. MacGregor; “A sexually abnormal red crab, Cancer productus Randall,'' by Richard Poole; and ''Sea lion census for 1965 including counts of oth- er California Pinnipeds,'' by John G. Carlisle, Jr., and J. A. Aplin. CANADA: Fisheries Statistics British Columbia and Yukon; La kon; 1964, Catalogue no. 24-208 annual, 18 pp., illus., printed in English and French, May 1966, C$0.50. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. liminary), 12 pp., processed, April 1966. Canadian Department of Fisheries in Vancouver, Area Direc- tor of Fisheries, 1155 Robson St., Vancouver 5, B.C. August 1966 CANNED FISH A Note to the Fishing In Industr: and General Public on ~ Sulphide Discoloration ("Smut") it in 1 Canned ‘Fishery Products, by P. M. Jangaard, New Series Circular No. 22, 1 p., September 17, 1965. Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, Halifax Laboratory, Hali- fax, Nova Scotia, Canada. CHILE ~ tria de Harina de Pescado en el Norte de Chile. Un Modelo Matematico Para su su Racionalizacion. (In- vestments and Production Capacity of Northern Chile's Fish Meal Industry. A Mathematical Model for its Rationalization), by Maris Liebeschutz and Hector Aliaga, Publicacion No. 15, 61 pp. illus., printed in Spanish with English summary, 1966. Library, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, Pedro de . Valdivia 2633, Casilla 1287, Santiago, Chile. A ~ comprehensive economic study of the fish meal in- dustry of northern Chile through 1965. "Primera campana Chilena para popularizar las con- servas de atin" (First Chilean promotion to pop- ularize cannedtuna), article, nformacidén Conservera, vol. XIV, no. 147, March 1966, pp. 58-61, printed in Spanish. Informacidn Conservera, Garrigues 21, Valencia 1, Spain. CHILLING Superchilling, Research and Development Bulletin No. 16, 2 pp., processed, November 1965. White Fish Authority, Lincoln's Inn Chambers, 2/3 Cur- sitor St., London EC4, England. CLAMS Economics of Quahog Depuration, by Andreas Holm- sen and Joseph Stanislao, Bulletin No. 384, 33 pp., illus., printed, 1966. Department of Food and Re- source Economics, University of Rhode Island, Ag- ricultural Experiment Station, Kingston, R. I. 02881. Pollution of our coastal waters has been increasing and because of the health hazard, many of these areas are closed for shellfishing. In the laboratory, the use of ultraviolet light to purify hard-shell clams from polluted waters has proven successful from a biological point of view, but no plant has yet been designed to utilize this method for hard clams. This study deals with the technical and economic aspects of depuration (purification), including de- sign of a processing plant, design of equipment, and an analysis of the economic feasibility of this meth- od as compared with the present method of trans- planting from polluted to clean waters. COLD STORAGE A Note to the Industry on Superchilled Storage of Cod, by H. E. Power and M. L. Morton, New Series Cir- cular No. 23, 2 pp., processed, Oct. 27, 1965. Fish- eries Research Board of Canada, Halifax Labora- tory, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. CONSERVATION Federal Aid in Fish and Wildlife Restoration (Annual Report on Dingell-Johnson and Pittman-Robertson Programs for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1965), 95 pp., illus., printed, 1966. Sport Fishing Institute, Bond Bldg., Washington, D. C. 20005. Presents a short program review of expenditures and projects (including sport fish restoration) operated during COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 93 BUT USUALLY MAY BE FY 1965, and statistical tables on individual con- servation projects, land purchases, hunting and fishing licenses issued by the states, and other related data. CURED FISH "Sweet cured freshwater fish slices,'' by A. W. Lantz and D. G. Iredale, article, Trade News, vol. 18, no. 10-11, April-May 1966, pp. 8-9, illus., printed. Director of Information and Educational Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa 8, Canada. DEHYDRATION "Development of dehydrated meat and fish salads for military use,'' by J. M. Tuomy, article, Food Technology, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 46, 50, June 1965, Institute of Food Technologists, Suite 1350, 176 West Adams St., Chicago, Ill. 60603. DOLPHIN "Communication between dolphins in separate tanks by way of an electronic acoustic link," by T. G. Lang and H.A.P. Smith, article, Science, vol. 150, no. 3705, Dec. 31, 1965, pp. 1786-1789, illus., printed, single copy 35 cents. American Associ- ation for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Mas- sachusetts Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005. Two isolated dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) were provided with an electronic acoustic link during alternate periods of approximately 2minutes. The dolphin repeatedly communicated in a tight se- quence when the acoustic link was connected. Their responses varied as the experiment progressed. Some information regarding possible meaning of the whistles was obtained. ECOLOGY and Zoobenthos of the Bee conrad by D. W. Kelley, Fish Bulletin 133, 133 pp., illus., printed, 1966, Office of Procurement, Documents Section, iPr O. Box 1612, Sacramento, Calif. 95807. ELECTRICAL FISHING "Una util aplicacion de la electricidad en la pesca" (A useful application of electricity for catching fish), article, Mar. & Pesca, vol. 2, November 1965, pp. 14-15 illus., printed in Spanish. Mar. & Pesca, Amargura 103 esq. a San Ignacio, Havana, Cuba. FISH The Life of Fishes, by N.B. Marshal, 402 pp. + 43 “plates, illus., prir ., printed, 1965, 63s. net (US$8.85). Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, England. FISHERY MANAGEMENT "There are obstacles between abundance and fishing profits,'' article, Fishing Gazette, vol. 82, May 1965, pp. 18-19, 30-31, printed. Fishing Gazette Publish- ing Corp., 461 Eighth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10001. FISH MUSCLE "Phospholipids of menhaden muscle," by John R. Froines, C. Yvonne Shuster, and Harold S. Olcott, article, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, vol. 42, Oct. 1965, pp. 887-888, printed. American Oil Chemists' Society, 35 E, Wacker Drive, Chicago, Ill. 60601. 94 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION Articles available from Food and Agriculture Orga- nization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy: Proceedings and Basic Working Papers of the Tech- nical Meeting on Fishery Cooperatives (Naples, May 12-21, 1959), 1963, printed. Report to the Government of India on Fishing Harbor Project at Vizhinjam, by Hermann A. Selmer, FAO Fisheries Report No. 1845, 30 pp., processed, 1964. FRANCE "Técnicas francesas de fabricacion de conservas de atun'" (French techniques for packing canned tuna), article, Informaciodn Conservera, vol. XIV, no. 147, March 1966, pp. 67-70, printed in Spanish. Infor- macion Conservera, Garringnes, 21, Valencia 1, Spain. FREEZE-DRYING A Note to the Industry on Freeze-Drying, by A. L. Wood, New Series Circular No. 24, 2 pp., processed, Oct. 27, 1965. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Halifax Laboratory, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. FRESH-WATER FISH Fresh-Water Fish and Fishing in Africa, by A. C. Harrison and others, 210 pp., illus., printed, 1963. Cape and Transvaal Printers Ltd., Cape Town, South Africa. (Available from Thomas Nelson and Sons, 18 E. 41st. St., New York, New York, 10017.) GENERAL Demand for fishery products must be demonstrated," by Donald L. McKernan, article, Fish Boat, vol. 10. Feb. 1965, pp. 14-15, printed, Fish Boat, H. L. Peace Publications, 624 Gravier St., New Orleans, La. 70150. HAKE Phospholipids of marine origin. I.--The hake (Mer- luccius capensis, Castelnau),'' by A. J. de Koning, article, Journal of the Science of Food and Agri- culture, vol. 17, no. 3, March 1966, pp. 112-117, printed, single issue £1 17s. 6d. (US$5.27). Soci- ety of Chemical Industry, 14 Belgrave Square, London, SW1, England. HERRING "The Atlantic herring," by S. N. Tibbo and R. D. Humphreys, article, Trade News, vol. 18, no. 5, Nov. 1965, pp. 6-9, illus., printed. Director, In- formation and Consumer Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. HIGH-SEAS FISHING "Peaceful co-existence on the high seas," by J. L. Kask, article, Fishing News Information, vol. 4, no. 4, Oct.-Dec. 1965, pp. 413-414, illus., printed, single copy 3s.6d. (about 50 U.S. cents), Arthur J. Heighway Publications Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. INDIA Seafood Trade Journal, vol. 1, no. 4, April 1966, 46 pp., illus., printed in English. The Seafood Can- ners! and Freezers’ Association of India, Cochin, India, Includes articles on''Export of Indian sea- food,’ pp. 5-9; ''Fisheries of Goa," by V. P. Kale, pp. 13-17; "International Fisheries Ltd.,"' pp. 21- 27; "Indian shrimp in Australia," pp. 29-31. IRRADIATION "Microbial flora of irradiated Dungeness crabmeat and Pacific oysters,'' by Maureen A. Shiflett, J. S. Lee, and R.O. Sinnhuber, article, Applied Micro- biology, vol. 14, no. 3, May 1966, pp. 411-415, illus., printed, single copy $3.00. The Williams & Wilkins Co. 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, Md. 21202. JAPAN Bulletin of Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Lab- oratory, no. 44, 59 pp., illus., printed in Japanese with English summaries, Oct. 1965. Tokai Re- gional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 5-Chome, Kachidoki, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Some of the articles are: ''On the prediction of future catches of yellowtails caught by set nets at Kuki in Mie Prefecture from techniques of time series,'' by Takeyuki Doi; ''Separation of unsaponifiable com- ponents of deep-sea shark liver oil by chroma- tography on florisil,'' by Yaichiro Shimma and Hisako Taguchi; and ''The effect of adjustment of PH of the washing medium on the jelly forming ability of fish meat,'' by Minoru Okada, Kazushi Iwata, and Noriaki Suzuki. History of Modern Fisheries Development, By Nobuo Okamoto, 614 pp., printed in Japanese, Mar. 1964, 2,300 yen (about US$6.38), postage extra, Suisansha, 8-banchi, Sanei-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Summarizes the development and present status of the different fisheries, the founding of fishing com- panies and fisheries organizations, development of foreign trade, etc. Hokusuishi Geppo (Monthly Report of the Hokkaido Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory), vol. 23, no. 4, 40 pp., printed in Japanese, April 1966, 100 yen (about US$0.28). Hokkaido Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 238-banchi, Hamanaka-cho, Yoichi, Hokkaido, Japan. Some of the articles are: "Fishes of the nearby seas of Hokkaido, part 15-- eels; ''The tuna fisheries of Kutsukata, Rishiri Island"; ''Bottom trawl nets of Hokkaido''; and "Changes in the putrefaction process of organic waters." '' Japan--modern development of the fishing industry," by Norio Fujinami, article, Fishing News Inter- national, vol. 4, no. 4, Oct.-Dec. 1965, pp. 405-407, illus., printed, single copy 3s. 6d. (about 50 U.S. cents). Arthur J. Heighway Publications Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, Eng- land. LAW OF THE SEA Ocean Sciences, Technology, and the Future Inter- national Law of the Sea, by William T. Burke, Pam- phlet No. 2, 91 pp., printed, January 1966, $1.50. Ohio State University Press, Athens, Ohio, 45701. Objectives of this discussion are to offer a pre- liminary, and necessarily brief, examination of August 1966 the changes in the age-old process of interaction on the oceans that account in measure for the emergence of novel problems in regulation; to seek to identify some of the new problems by speculating about the types of future claims and counterclaims that will differ from those encountered in previous experi- ence; and to make a short, rather general, survey of the broad outlines of the legal technicality inherited from the past that modern decision-makers might adopt, wisely or not, asuseful for resolving disputes in the future. No systematic effort is made to clari- fy community policies at stake in the emerging struggle over the sea, though brief suggestions are made about the direction of further research of some = problems. LOBSTER 'Lobstertransplant in B. C.,'' by Bruce Woodland, article, Trade News, vol. 18, no. 10-11, April- May, 1966, pp. 3-6, illus., printed. Director of Information and Educational Service, Department of Fisheries. MACKEREL "The Atlantic mackerel,'' by R. D. Humphreys and S. N. Tibbo, article, Trade News, vol. 18, no. 5, Nov. 1965, pp. 15-17, illus., printed. Director, Information and Consumer Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. MARINE BIOLOGY The Biological Bulletin, vol. 130, no. 2, April 1966, illus., printed, single copy $3.75. The Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. Contains, among others, articles on; ''Fac- tors affecting activity and burrowing habits of the pink shrimp, Penaeus duorarum Burkenroad,'' by Charles M. Fuss, Jr., and Larry H. Ogren; 'Res- piration during the reproductive cycle in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus," by-A-C. Giese and others; Time and intensity of setting of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica, in Long Island Sound," by Victor L. Loosanoff; ~ Aerial e easiea- tion in the longjaw mudsucker Gillichthys mirabilis (Teleostei: gobiidae),"' by Eric S. Todd and Alfred W. Ebeling; and ''Caprella grahami, a new species of caprellid (Crustacea: amphipoda) commensal with starfishes,"' by Roland L. Wigley and Paul Shave. MEXICO La Industria Pesquera en Mexico y el Contrato de Asociacion en Participacion con las Cooperativos (The Mexican Fishery Industry and the Contract of Association and Participation with the Cooperatives), 57 pp., illus., printed in Spanish, July 1965. Gus- tavo Martinez Cabanas, Torre Latinoamerica Piso 36, Mexico, D.F. Intwo parts: Part I contains sections on location and importance of fishery centers; production by species; export market for shrimp; and domestic consumption. Part II covers agreements between vessel owners and cooperatives. MICHIGAN Your Michigan Department of Conservation--What 1966. Michigan Department of Conservation, Lan- sing, Mich. 48926. Contains, among others, a sec- tion on fish. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 95 MIDWATER TRAWLS Further Experiences with Midwater Trawls (June to December 1962), by J. Scharfe and R. Steinberg (translated by C. A. McLean), 55 pp., 1964, printed. (Translation from Protokolle zur Fischereitechnik, vol. 37, no. 8, 1963, pp. 161-230.) Fisheries Labora- tory, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. MOTION PICTURES Careers in Oceanography, 16 mm. color film, 28 min- utes duration. Can be borrowed for public showing by written application to the Public Affairs Officer of any Naval Station. This documentary presenta- tion depicts the challenge and adventure of oceano- graphy. It stresses the many opportunities open in the field and delineates the paramount position o- ceanography plays in the defense of the United States. There is also a lucid explanation of its contribution to the civilian economy. The many sciences includ- ed in the field of oceanography are explained as well as the opportunities for meaningful careers. Also spotlights such ocean phenomena as a 50-foot tidal bore and huge underwater sea kelp. NORWAY "Rekord&r for norskt fiske under 1965. Nagra utvec- klingstendenser i fangst och fartygsbygge" (Record year for Norwegian fisheries during 1965. Some development trends in fishing and vessel building), by Lars Storleer, article, Svenska Vastkustiskaren, vol. 36, no. 8, April 25, 1966, pp. 172-174, illus., printed in Swedish. George Aberg, Fiskhamnen, Goteborg V, Sweden. "Tralfiske 1964--Melding fra Fiskeridirektoratet Kontoret for ¢dkonomiske unders¢kelser og statistakk" (Trawl fishing--Report from the Fishery Depart- ment Office for Economic and Statistical Research), article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 52, April 1966, pp. 327- 339), illus., printed in Norwegian. Fiskeridirekto- ratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. OCEANOGRAPHY Oceanography--Science of the Future, by Rear Ad- miral O. D. Waters, Jr., USN, 17 pp., processed. U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office, Suitland, Md. An address at the commencement ceremony, Brevard Engineering College, Melbourne, Fla., June 15, 1966. "Sea power and the sea bed," by John P. Craven, ar- ticle, United States Naval Institute Proceedings, vol. 92, no. 4, April 1966, pp. 36-51, illus., printed, sin- gle issue $1. U.S. Naval Institute, Annapolis, Md. 21402. "The U. S. needs sea-grant colleges,'' by John A. Knauss, article, Undersea Technology, vol. 7, no. 5, May 1966, pp. 74-76, printed, single copy $1.00. _ Compass Publications, Inc., Undersea Technology, 617 Lynn Bldg., 1111 No. 19th St., Arlington, Va. 22209. The following Informal Manuscript Reports are avail- able for limited distribution from the Marine Sci- ences Department, U. S. Naval Oceanographic Of- fice, Washington, D. C. 20390: ; 96 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 BUT USUALLY MAY BE An Oceanographic and Acoustic Study of a One-Degree Square off Point Conception, California, June 1963, by Don F, Fenner, Report No. 0-67-64, 50 pp., illus., processed, August 1965. An Oceanographic and Acoustic Study of a One-Degree Square in the Western North Atlantic, by Roland E. Johnson, Report No. 0-9-65, 45 pp., illus., processed, September 1965. Summary Field Report of Oceanographic and Bathy- metric Operations in the Strait of Gibraltar, May- June and October-November 1964, by Louis A. Banchero and Donald A. Burns, Report No. 0-13-65, 61 pp., illus., processed, October 1965. A Standard-Vector Deviation Rose Program for Cur- ~ rent Data, by Donald A. Burns, | Report No. 0-22-65, 65, 19 pp., illus., processed, August 1965. Theoretical Computations of Sound Reflection from a Layered Ocean Bottom, by Robert S. Winokur, Re- port No. 0-33-65, 21 pp., illus., processed October 1965. OYSTERS The ster-Based Economy of Franklin County, Flor- “ida, by Marshall R. Colberg and Pours M. Wind- — ham, 28 pp., printed, July 1965. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Washington, D. C. 20201. The Pacific Oyster," Trade News, vol. 18, no. 10-11, April-May 1966, pp. 13-14, illus., printed. Director of Information and Educational Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa 8, Canada. "Les problemes de la production d'huitres plates en Bretagne" (The problems in the production of flat oysters in Brittany), by Louis Marteil, article, Science et Péche, no. 147, April 1966, pp. 1-10, iHus., printed in French, single issue 0.50 fr. (11 U.S. cents). L'Institut Scientifique et Technique des Péches Maritimes, 59 Avenue Raymond-Poin- care, Paris 16~, France. PEARLS Yearbook on Pearls 1966, 459 pp., printed in Japanese, April 1966, 2,000 yen (about US$5. 55), postage extra. Shinju Shinbunsha, 5-1, Sarugaku, Kanda, Chiyoda- ku, Tokyo, Japan. Describes production, marketing, and export trends; measures implemented to pro- mote pearl culture and trade; and organizations in- volved. Japanese pearl exports in 1965 were valued at US$55 million, about 34.5 percent of Japan's total value of all marine products exports. The United States was the chief buyer, followed by Switzerland and West Germany. PESTICIDES "Study indicates extended danger of pesticides," ar- ticle Journal of Milk and Food Technology, vol. 29, Jan, 1966, p. 24, printed. Journal of Milk and Food Technology, P. O. Box 437, Shelbyville, Ind, 46176. PROTEIN "Protein hikes bring formula changes," by Henry R. Fiola, article, Feedstuffs, vol. 37, Aug. 14, 1965, pp. 1, 6, 7, printed. Feedstuffs, P, O. Box 67, Min- neapolis, Minn. 55440, RHODE ISLAND "Rhode Island's cooperative fishing venture,'' by Jacob J. Dykstra, article, Maritimes, vol. 10, no. 2, spring 1966, pp. 7-11, illus., printed, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, R. I. 02832. SALMON Howard A. Tanner, Fish “Management Report No. 1, 38 pp., illus., processed, February 1966, Michigan Department of Conservation, Fish Division, Lansing, Mich. 48926. Fishing treaties and salmon of the North Pacific," by W. F. Thompson, article, Science, vol. 150, no. 3705, Dec. 31, 1965, pp. 1786-1789, illus., printed, single copy 35 cents. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005. Present treaties, economic in intent, cannot be made effective for con- servation without more knowledge, according to the author. This is an appeal for a rational approach to great problems which must be met in using the re- sources of the seas and which can only be solved by the use of basic biological principles, some of which date back to Darwin. It is hoped that those familiar with those principles--ecologists, geneticists, those studying speciation, geographical distribution, and population problems, and those in other related fields--will respond, and each lend his influence to formulation of a scientific basis for fisheries trea- ties and for conservation of our fisheries in general. "Greenland salmon fishery,'' by Bruce Woodland, ar- ticle Trade News, vol. 18, no. 5, Nov. 1965, pp. 5, 17, illus., ¢ , printed. Director, Information and Con- sumer Service: Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. SHRIMP "El 'cultivo! de camarones'! (The cultivation of shrimp), article, Mar & Pesca, vol. 2, November 1965, pp. 22-24, illus., printed in Spanish. Mar & Pesca, ‘Amargura 103 esq. a San Ignacio, Havana, Cuba. La Pesqueria de Camarones y Los Recursos Cama- roneros de El Salvador (Hasta diciembre de 1962)-- (The Shrimp Fishery and Shrimp Resources of El Salvador--up to December 1962), by Robert W. El- lis, Boletin de Pesca del Ministerio de Economia, No. 2, 59 pp., illus., printed in Spanish, December 1965. Government of El Salvador, San Salvador. "Prawn industry for Nigeria?'' by D.F.S, Raitt and D. R. Niven, article, Fishing News International, vol. 4, no. 4, Oct.-Dec. 1965, pp. 481-482, illus., printed, single copy 3s. 6d. (about 50 U.S. cents). Arthur J. Heighway Publications Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. SIERRA LEONE June 1, 1964, 30 cents (about TSE 45). Fisheries Division, Ministry of Natural Resources, Freetown, Sierra Leone. Sold by the Government Printing De- partment, Freetown, Sierra Leone. Reviews the activities and research of the Division, operation of the fisheries loan and credit scheme, and the August 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 97 several commercial fisheries in the country, in- cluding the trawl fishery and the tuna fishery. Sev- eral tables include data on the number of fishing vessels registered, landings by trawlers and by species, fish prices, a survey of the distribution of fish within the country, census of fishing gear, and fish imports and exports. Data are reported also on catch per unit of effort. SMALL BUSINESS Expanding Sales Through Franchising, Management Aid 182, by Al Lopin, Jr., 4 pp., printed, Mar. 1966, Small Business Administration, Washington, D. C. 20416. A report describing how franchising offers small companies a way to accelerate their growth and increase sales was issued recently by the Small Business Administration. In this method of distri- 5 bution, the small manufacturer can obtain new out- lets for his products by granting franchises to men who are also small businessmen. Subjects discuss- ed in this Aid are: providing guidance for fran- chisees, testing a pilot operation, factors which de- termine the amount of money needed by the fran- chisee and franchisor, the franchise agreement, and training the franchisee. SOUTH AFRICA "SA fishing industry faces increasing challenge to supply domestic market'' (Fisheries Development Corporation Annual Report 1964/65), article, The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, vol. XXI, no. 4, April 1966, pp. 91, 93, 95, 97, printed, single issue 30c, Thomson Newspapers, South Africa (Pty.) Ltd., P. O. Box 80, Cape Town, South Africa. SPAIN "Evolucion de la pesca maritima en Espana’! (Devel- opment of marine fisheries in Spain), by Mariano Lobo Andrada, article, Industria Conservera, vol. XXXII, no. 321, March 1966, pp. 67-70, printed in Spanish. Union de Fabricantes de Conservas de Galicia, Marques de Valladores, 41, Vigo, Spain. SPINY LOBSTER "La langosta Cubana: Importante fuente de divisas'' (The Cuban lobster: Important source of holdings), by Vincente Cubillas, article, Mar & Pesca, vol. 2, November 1965, pp. 6-13, illus., printed in Span- ish. Mar & Pesca, Amargura 103 esq. a San Igna- cio, Havana, Cuba. "Marine crayfish or spiny lobsters of Australia," by R. W. George, article, Australian Fisheries News- letter, vol. 25, no. 5, May 1966, pp. 25-28, illus., printed." Fisheries Branch, Department of Primary Industry, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia. "Phospholipids of marine origin. Il-The rock lob- ster (Jasus lalandii),"' by A. J. de Koning and K. B. McMullan, article, Journal of the Science and Food and Agriculture, vol. 17, no. 3, March 1966, pp. 117, 120, printed, single issue 1 17s. 6d. (US$5.27). Society of Chemical Industry, 14 Belgrave Square, London, SW1, England. SPOILAGE "Determination of trimethylamine nitrogen in ex- tracts and in volatile fractions of fish," by Sammie Bethea and Fred Hillig, article, Journal of the As- sociation of Official Agricultural Chemists, vol. 48, Aug. 1965, pp. 731-735, printed. Association of Of- ficial Agricultural Chemists, Inc., Box 540, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington, D. C. 20004. SPONGES "La esponja--su futuro desarrollo'' (The sponge--its future development), by J. R. Savali, article, Mar & Pesca, vol. 2, November 1965, pp. 30-33, illus., printed in Spanish. Mar & Pesca, Amargura 103 esq. a San Ignacio, Havana, Cuba. TEXAS Let's Go Fishing, compiled by W. R. Long, 20 pp., printed, 1965. Information-Education Officer, Parks and Wildlife Department, 530 South Beckham, Tyler, Tex. 75701. TOXINS "Naturally occurring toxicants in foods," by O. Mick- elsen and M. G, Yang, article, Federation Proceed- ings, vol. 25, January-February 1966, pp. 104-123, printed. Federation of American Societies for Ex- perimental Biology, 9650 Wisconsin Ave. NW., Wash- ington, D. C. 20014. TROUT "Storage life of vacuum-packed iced trout. II.--In- fluence of radiation pasteurisation,"' by B. V. Jor- gensen and Poul Hansen, article, Journal of the Sci- ence of Food and Agriculture, vol. 17, no. 3, March 1966, pp. 140-141, printed, single issue £1 17s. 6d. (US$5.27). Society of Chemical Industry, 14 Bel- grave Square, London, SW1, England. TUNA "Tecnica conservera: conservas de bonito'' (Canning method: canning bonito), article, Industria Conser- vera, vol. XXI, no. 313, July 1965, pp. 187-190, illus. printed in Spanish, single copy 24 ptas. (about US$ 0.40). Industria Conservera, Calle Marques de Val- ladares, 41, Vigo, Spain. Annual Report of Effort and Catch Statistics by Area on Japanese Tuna Longline Fishery 1963, 322 pp., printed in Japanese, April 1966. Research Division, Fisheries Agency of Japan, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 2-1, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Lox kyo, Japan. TURKEY Balik ve Balikgilik, vol. XIV, no. 5, May 1966, 31 pp., illus., printed in Turkish. Et ve Balik Kurumu G.M., Balikcgilik Miidtrligi, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey. Includes articles on: ''Deniz yosunlarindan kirmizi algler (Kirmizi su yosunlari) (Kisim V)'' (The red algae--part V), by Hikmet Akgtines, pp. 9-13; ''Soguk ve Balikcilik'’ (Coldstorage and fishing, application of quick freezing on board (part II),"" by Mak. Y. Miih. Erol Ertas, pp. 17-21. UNITED KINGDOM Sea Fisheries Statistical Tables, 1964, 47 pp., printed, 1965, 7s. (about US$1). Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, England. (Available from Sales Section, British Information Services, 845 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10022.) Includes statistics on fish of Britishtaking, imports and ex- ports, and demersal and pelagic landings. 98 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE U.S.S.R. The Fishing Industry of the U.S.S.R., by V. Shparlin- “skii, OTS 63-11122, 33 pp., procéssed, 1964. (Trans- lated from the Russian, Moskva, 1959). Clearing- house for Federal Scientific and Technical Informa- tion, U. S. Department of Commerce, Braddock and Port Royal Rds., Springfield, Va. 22151. Fishing News International, vol. 4, no. 4, Oct.-Dec. 1965, illus., printed, single copy 3s. 6d. (about 50 U.S. cents). Arthur J. Heighway Publications, Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. Contains these articles on U.S.S.R. fisheries: ''Fo- cus on the Soviet fleet,'' by Peter Brady, pp. 392- 400; ''How Russia develops her fisheries and sea power,'' by W. M. Chapman, pp. 402-403; ''Hybrid- ization--a valuable contribution to Soviet economy,’ by N. I. Nikoljuki, pp. 473-474, 476. VENEZUELA La Biologia y Pesqueria del Camarén en la Zona Oc- cidental (The Biology and Fishery for Shrimp in the Western Area), by Joseph Jay Ewald, 36 pp., illus., processed in Spanish, August 1964. Instituto Vene- zolana de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela. Fishery Production in Venezuela During the Months of January, February, March, an ril of 1964, by Luis Rafael Salareans aie oletin ac Pesca No. 6, 76 pp., processed in Spanish, 1965, Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria, Direccion de Investigacion, Centro de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Cumano, Venezuela. La Industria del Camaron en Venezuela (The Shrimp “Industry in Venezuela), by Juan J. Pericchi Lopez, 85 pp., illus., processed in Spanish, 1965. Corpor- acion Venezolana de Fomento, Sub-Gerencia de Ser- vicios Tecnicos, Unidad de Estudios (Div. Estudios Generales), Caracas, Venezuela. This book discus- ses the exploitation and processing of shrimp in Ven- ezuela. VESSELS "Stability and crab fishing vessels,'' by B. F. Jensen, article, Pacific Fisherman, vol. 63, June 1965, pp. 32-35, printed. Pacific Fisherman, Editorial Office, 71 Columbia St., Seattle, Wash. 98104. WHALING "International Whaling Commission (Chairman's Re- port of the Seventeenth Meeting), article, Norsk Hva- lfangst-Tidende (The Norwegian Whaling Gazette), _ no. 2, February 1966, pp. 25-31, printed in English. Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende, Hvalfangerforeningen, Sandefjord, Norway. YUGOSLAVIA Morsko Ribarstvo, vol. XVII, no. 11-12, November- December 1965, pp. 201-238, illus., printed in Serbo- Croatian. Morsko Ribarstvo, V. Bagata 3, P. O. Box 185, Rijeka, Yugoslavia. Includes articles on: "Eksploatacija oceanske ribarske flote'’ (Employ- ment on high-seas fishing fleet), by P. Cetinic, pp. 223-230; ''Najmladi kapetanprvi voda ribolova na oceanskom tunolovcu'' (Our youngest captain-leader in high-seas tuna fishery), pp. 231-233. STORING LIVE FISH AT SEA The Soviet Unionhas been conducting experiments whereby itappears to be com- mercially feasible to store fish alive aboard fishing vessels at sea. This is done by transferring the live fish directly from the nets into specially built tanks in the hold of the vessel. These tanks contain sea water cooledby powerful refrigeration equip- ment. In addition, the sea water is monitored and treated by special bactericidal equipment. In recent experiments fish have beenheld alive in these tanks for as long as three days, thus assuring their delivery in prime condition to factoryships or a- shore. Early experiments did not use refrigeration equipment but instead employed specially installed pumps and piping to draw cold, deep water from a considerable depth beneath the ocean's surface. Fish stored in tanks containing this water re- mained in first-class conditionfor a period of 24 hours. The experiments were con- ducted aboard the Soviet trawler Leshch and proved equally successful on two sepa- rate voyages. This method is now employed aboard the trawlers of the Sevastopol Administration of Marine Fisheries. This method has proved less expensive than conventional refrigeration, in terms of both initial and operating costs. It is hoped thatfuture researchwill leadto storage times of upto a monthor two....or,perhaps, for as long as half a year. This research is pioneered by V. Sopochkin of the Azov- Black Sea Marine Fisheries Administration. (Geo-Marine Technology, March 1966. August 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 99 — ~—_— —_----- 2 ee A fish is a cold-blooded, aquatic animal with fins, permanent gills (used for breathing in water), a backbone, and a skull. A shellfish is an aquatic animal with a shell, but it lacks fins, skull, and vertebrae. tl, ES Some fishing terms.--Fish are ‘‘commercial’’ when ye they are caught for the market; ‘‘sport’’ when they are American shad caught for fun; and ‘trough’’ whenthey appear in abundance where not wanted. For example, a carp is a commercial fish in some areas where it is an article of food; a sport fish in some places where the usual sport fish are scarce; and a rough fish in many lakes and streams where it is crowding out trout and bass or other moredesirable sport fish. Salmon, shad, and striped bass are commercial fish to some people and sport fish to others. Fish can be classified as anadromous, catadromous, salt-water, or fresh-water. Anadromous species--salmon, alewives, striped bass, shad, steelhead trout--are hatched in fresh-water lakes or streams but mature in salt water and come back to fresh water to spawn, and some, like salmon, die after spawning. Catadromous species--like the American eel--live in fresh water and go to sea to Blue crab spawn. Some fish, like halibut, tuna, and cod, spend their entire lives in the sea; others, like pike, smallmouth bass, and some trout; live only in fresh water. Fish are also classified as food fish and industrial fish. Sometimes industrial fish become human food indirectly. Meal made from industrial fish is used in poultry feed and certain byproducts, or ‘‘solubles,’’ are fed to young Pigs. About 200 species of fish and shellfish are used for food. American fishermen harvest 5 billion pounds of fish each year, about the same as do Russian and Chinese fishermen, but slightly less than half the catchof Japanese fishermen. --Excerpt from "Our Commercial Fisheries, '' Conservation Note 2, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 100 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 8 NEW CANNING PROCESS SHORTENS COOKING TIME A meat packing firm has developed a continuous canning process known as "Flash 18."' Thename denotes the rapid heat sterilization and the 18 pounds of pressure involved inthe process. So far, ''Flash 18'' has been used mainly for meat products, but it might also be applicable to fish products. One of the main advantages of the new process is said to be the eliminationof along cooking time inthe can- ning process, The firm which developed the process has applied for patents on "Flash 18" and issued an exclusive license to a firm in Kansas City, Mo., to use and sublicense those patents. The licensed firm in Kansas City has installed a ''Flash 18'' canning system in a 110-foot-long pressure chamber that looks very much like a submarine, Canning has been defined as the process of sterilizing food by heat, and preserving the food in hermetically-sealed containers, An important step in the conventional canning process has been the use of retorts (pressure cookers) for heat sterilization, Under the new canning process, conventional retorting is completely eliminated. The "Flash 18" system installed by the Kansas City firm includes a continuous custom-built stuffer which feeds the product mixture under normal atmospheric pressure into pipelines which inturn feed into a pressure chamber. In the pipelines, and still outside the chamber, the mixture is raised to selected steriliza- tion temperatures, The rapid heating to above sterilization temperature inthe pipelines does away with the necessity for a prolonged cooking period. The food moves from the pipelines into the pressure chamber. As it enters the chamber, the product goes into a deaerator. This is a device for removal of some of the air or oxygen from the product. With the removal of this air, volatile (readily vaporized) materials also are expelled. This is another important step in attaining homelike flavor and texture in canned products. It helps eliminate the characteristic "canned" flavor or harshness, sometimes related to the spices of strong-tasting components of canned items. Within the pressure chamber, cans are filledand sealed by conventional machinery. The pressure in the room permits filling and sealing at 250° to 255° F. The cans are then fed to a lower level within the pressurized tank, to a "hot'' chamber, where the residual heat is maintained for a short period to complete the process. After moving through this chamber, the sterilized cans are transferred me- chanically to a precooling chamber, still within the pressure room. They then move out of the pres- sure chamber for final cooling. A control room is a key factor in the new canning system. From the control room, operators di- rect product flow by means of modern regulators, temperature recorders and controllers, and auto- matic direction-control valves. Through microphones and telephones, control-room operators can talk to people inside the pressure chamber, There are two main control boards. The first control board is concerned with product controls. The second control board is involved with the operation of the pressure system itself, room compres- sors, temperatures in the main chamber and personnel locks, and the status of the locks for introduc- tion of materials on the side of the chamber. The overall control system has numerous safety devices, including an evacuation alarm warning. "Flash 18" is a continuous system. Although there is a "batching" of components, the product mix- ture is continuously blended, heated, and filled into cans moving through the pressure chamber. The elaborate controlsystem regulates and adapts cooking time for each product passing through the sys- tem. The new process is said to retain delicate flavors and homemade texture and appearance to an exceptional degree in a large variety of canned foods. sf Z < STANDARDS e Provide Uniform National Quality Levels to Aid Trading e Represent Differences in Market Values e Aid Processors in Establishing Quality Control Programs SPOOL LLL DIE DEOL DILL DDR LLLP RL AL ALL DD, SENN E SEPTEMBER 1966 COVER: Positioning of air hose (a perforated polyethylene pipe) through which air was pumped to create an air bub- ble curtainto control migration of alewives in the Milwau- kee River. SCUBA divers aided project. (See page 1.) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY STANLEY A. CAIN, ASSISTANT SECRETARY, FISH AND WILDLIFE AND PARKS CLARENCE F, PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER, FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR, BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES September 1966 Page 1. Page 10 10 12 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 22 23 24 24 26 27 27 29 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW CONTENTS Gordon TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: Alaska Fisheries Explorations and Gear De- velopment: Potential of Commercial Fishery for Large Alaska Shrimp Studied Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: Sonar Studies for Locating Subsurface Tuna Tuna Biological Studies Continued Columbia River: Early Season 1966 Sockeye Salmon Run Better Than Expected Commercial Fisheries Research and De- velopment Act: Grant-In-Aid Funds Apportioned to States for Fiscal Year 1967 Fish Hatcheries: Comprehensive Survey of Needs for Hatch- ery Fish Announced Great Lakes: Lake Trout Fishery Encouraged by Sea Lamprey Decline Great Lakes Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development: Seasonal Distribution and Abundance Studies of Alewife and Chub in Lake Michigan Con- tinued Great Lakes Fishery Investigations: Biological Research and Sea Lamprey Con- trol, July 1966 Industrial Fishery Products: U.S. Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles: Production, May 1966 U.S. Fish Meal and Solubles: Production and Imports, January-May 1966 Inland Fisheries Explorations and Gear De- velopment: Oahe Reservoir Trawling Studies Continued Maine Sardines: Canned Stocks, July 1, 1966 Marketing: Edible Fishery Products, Midyear 1966 Price Increase in 1965 Modest for Fishery Products--High for Meat Maryland: .. Fishery Landings and Trends, 1965 Massachusetts: Fishery Landings, 1965 Mississippi: Landings and Fishery Trends, 1965 Nautical Charts: New Chart Issued for Chesapeake Bay New Chart Issued for Southeast Alaska New Jersey: Fishery Landings, 1965 North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations: Distribution of Brit Herring Studied Lobster and Sea Herring Population Studies Continued North :Pacific Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development: Pelagic Fishing Gear Research Oceanography: Interior Department Names Research Oceanographer to Coordinate EASTROPAC Expedition Pag 29 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 35 35 36 37 37 46 48 -An Evaluation of the Air Bubble Curtain as a Barrier to Alewives, by George A. Kupfer and William G. TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Oceanography (Contd.): Newest Research Vessel ''Oceanographer" Commissioned Oregon: Dungeness Crab Catch, 1965/66 Season Shrimp: Gulf and South Atlantic Landings, 1965 Tuna: Pacific Albacore Migrated Northward Early Aerial Survey of Waters Between Cape Cod and Cape Hatteras Virginia: Fishery Landings, 1965 Washington: Salmon Fingerlings Planted on Yakima Indian Reservation Wholesale Prices: Edible Fish and Shellfish, July 1966 FOREIGN: International: U.S.-U.S.S.R. Talks on Fishing Off U.S. Coasts: Fishery Discussions Concluded in Moscow Codex Alimentarius Commission: Expert Committee on Fish and Fishery Products to Hold First Meeting Japan-Communist China Private Fisheries Agreement: Meeting Proposed in October 1966 to Dis- cuss Implementation Japan-U.S.S.R. Agree on Scientific and Tech- nical Cooperation in Fisheries: Text of Agreement International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries: 16th Annual Meeting International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES): Symposium on ''The Living Resources of the African Atlantic Continental Shelf" International Whaling Commission: Eighteenth Annual Meeting Food and Agriculture Organization: Committee on Fisheries Holds First Meeting World Symposium on Warm-Water Pond Fish Culture FAO Meetings on Fishery Matters, Septem- ber-December 1966 International Labor Organization: Two Conventions on Conditions of Work in Fishing Industry Approved at International Labor Conference, by Walter H. Stolting United Nations Development Program: UNDP/FAO Caribbean Fisheries Develop- ment Project Eels in Strong Demand in Europe World Fish Meal Production, March 1966 American Samoa: Tuna Landings, January-April 1966 Angola: Foreign Investments in Fishing Industry Government Fishery Activities Burundi: Fishery Developments, 1965 Contents continued page II. II Page 49 49 50 50 50 50 51 51 51 52 53 54 54 54 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 9 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): Barbados: Fishery Landings and Trends, 1965 Brazil: New Decree Encourages Fishery Development Canada: Experiments With Lobster Fishing Controls in Northumberland Strait Yellow Perch Price Support Program for Fishermen in Lake Erie Area New Fresh-Water Fisheries Research Institute Established at Winnipeg Chile: Fish Meal and Oil Trends, May 1966 Cuba: Fishermen Training by Soviets Dahomey: Fishery Developments, 1965 Ecuador: Shrimp and Tuna Fisheries, 1965 French Guiana: Shrimp Industry Trends Ghana: Fisheries Aid from Spain and Norway Guinea: Soviet Fishery Aid Iceland: Hydraulic Reel for Line Fishing Developed Ivory Coast: Fisheries, Jan.-June 1966 Japan: Frozen Tuna Export Price Trends, April 1966 Frozen Tuna Exports to U. S. and Puerto Rico, March-April 1966 Canned Tuna in Brine Sales Slow New Quota for Sales of Canned Tuna to U. S. Atlantic Tuna Fishing and Export Market Trends Three Purse-Seine Fleets to Operate in Atlantic Long-Liners Moving from Indian Ocean Pole-and-Line Tuna Landings, May 1966 Summer Pole-and-Line Albacore Fishing Improves Tuna Purse Seiner Has Successful Trip Portable-Boat-Carrying Tuna Mothership Fishery Regulations Liberalized Foreign Tuna Vessel Landings Increased To Cooperate in International Skipjack Tuna Investigation Use of Reels Increased for Hauling Tuna Long Lines Skipjack Tuna Heading Machine Developed New Freezer System Installed on Tuna Vessel Purchase of Alaskan Salmon North Pacific Salmon Fishing Conditions and Trends Views on North Pacific Mothership Salmon Fishing Season Salmon Catcher Vessels Laid-Up Developments in Salmon and Trout Culture Exports of Frozen Rainbow Trout, April 1966 Exports of Canned Salmon, Jan.-Mar. 1966 Exports of Canned Crab Meat, May 1966 Domestic Market Prices for 1966 Canned Salmon and King Crab Frozen Fish Production is High Views on Fifth Japan-U. S. Trade and Econ- omic Council Meeting ay Sing ee Page 61 62 63 63 63 63 63 63 64 64 64 64 65 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 69 70 70 70 71 71 71 75 78 78 80 81 85 86 FOREIGN (Contd.): Japan (Contd.): JETRO Gets $940,000 to Promote Export Sales 1965 White Paper on Trade Mentions Fishery Products Concern About Fish Depletion in Home Waters Exploratory Fishing in North Atlantic Waters Exploratory Fishing in Indian Ocean Shrimp Fishing Off Australia Good Exploratory Fishing Off Australia Minced-Fish Industry Growing Soviets Fishing Off Japanese Coast Census of Population Engaged in Fisheries New Knotless Net Republic of Korea: Training Vessel Surveys North Pacific U. S. Canner to Use Koreans to Fish Tuna in South Atlantic Libya: Three Tuna Long-Liners Imported from Japan Malaysia: fi Fishermen's Subsidy Mauritania: Clarifies Declaration on Exclusive Fishery Zone Mexico: Spiny Lobster and Abalone Development Potential in Baja California Interest in Fish Protein Concentrate for Human Consumption Increases New Zealand: Fish Sausage, a New Product Norway: Fish Meal and Oil Production at Record Level in First Half of 1966 Peru: Fish Meal Situation, Mid-June 1966 Taxes on Fish Meal and Oil Exports South Africa: Shoal Fish Catch Down During Jan. -March 1966 Fishery Trends, April 1966 South-West Africa: Fishery Developments, April 1966 Taiwan: Fish Culture Development Program Fishery Development Plans UNS took: Will Expand Fishing Off North-American Coast in Pacific Ocean Develop Semiautomatic Crab Production Line United Kingdom: White Fish Authority Annual Report for 1965/66 Foreign Fishing Off United States Coasts, July 1966 FEDERAL ACTIONS: Department of the Interior: Fish and Wildlife Service: Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: Applications for Fishing Vessel Loans Bureau of Indian Affairs: New Regulations Governing Use of North- west Indian Fishing Sites Proposed U. S. Tariff Commission: Hearing on Import Duties for Canned Clams Eighty-Ninth Congress (Second Session) RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: Fish and Wildlife Service Publications Miscellaneous Publications COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW A comprehensive view of United States and foreign fishing industries --including catch, processing, marketing, research; and legislation--prepared by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Managing Editor: Edward Edelsberg Contributing Editors: J. Pileggi & G. A. Albano Production Manager: Jean Zalevsky Editorial Assistant: Ruth V. Keefe Compositors: Alma Greene, Mary Andrews, & Katherine Copperthite Address correspondence and requests to: Commercial Fisheries Review, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions of these sources. Although the contents have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, reference to source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director, Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $6.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing. Hn: a |i | mnt TTT} i" Ut September 1966 Wash ol. 28, No. 9 = @ = AN EVALUATION OF THE AIR BUBBLE CURTAIN AS A BARRIER TO ALEWIVES By George A. Kupfer* and William G. Gordon** ABSTRACT The effectiveness of an air bubble curtain to impede, redirect, or stop the annual migration of alewives in the Milwaukee River was studied in the spring of 1964. Its Operation during a 15-month period indicated that the curtain reduced the migration of alewives. BACKGROUND The opening of Welland Canal provided a path for alewives to migrate into the upper Great Lakes (Miller, 1957). Reaching Lake Michigan by the late 1940's, the alewives grew to phe- nomenal numbers, each year apparently increasing several fold in numbers over the previ- ous year. During the last 6 years, the City of Milwaukee has been plagued by large migra- tions of alewives into the Milwaukee, Kinnickinnic, and Menomonee Rivers during May, June, July, and part of August. Soon after entering these rivers they die in large numbers, and cause an.extensive sanitation problem. This discourages owners from improving their prop- erties abutting the river in such a manner as to make the river an asset to the community. Mortalities of alewives in fresh water are not new. Although records of mortalities in Lake Ontario date back to 1890 (Smith, 1892), no reasons are given for the possible cause of death. Graham (1956) and Threinen (1958) suggest that mortalities are due to detrimental changes in body metabolism probably following abrupt changes in water temperature. Obser- vations and data from this study in 1964 indicate that a lack of sufficient dissolved oxygen is also a contributing factor. An initial survey of the local situation in March 1964 revealed limitations to devices that could be used to control migrations up the rivers. Because of low water and navigation in the Menomonee, Kinnickinnic, and lower Milwaukee Rivers, barriers could not be used in those portions generally navigated by large lake vessels. These rivers, from the junction of the Milwaukee and Menomonee Rivers south and east to the lake, have become silted, and maximum depth is about 25 feet. The Milwaukee River after it separates from the Menomo- nee is navigable by smaller pleasure craft to the North Avenue Dam. The development of an air bubble curtain apparatus by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries demonstrated the practicality of guiding the Atlantic herring (Smith, 1961). Air pumped through perforated polyethylene pipe made an air curtain that tended to direct the movements of young herring in clear water. Upon review of this work, the city officials of Milwaukee, Wis., implemented a study to determine the effectiveness of the air bubble cur- tain and assess its possible application as a permanent control. ** Assistant Director, Environmental Technical Services Division, Milwaukee Health Department, Milwaukee, Wis. ** Fishery Biologist, Branch of Exploratory Fishing, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Ann Arbor, Mich, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 771 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 9 STUDY AREA Since large ships travel north on the Menomonee River beyond the junction with the Mil- waukee River, the air bubble curtain was installed in the Milwaukee River just north of its confluence with the Menomonee before reaching the heavily populated downtown business area (fig. 1). The east bank of the river was chosen as the site to install the air compressor unit because a municipally owned lot was available at that point immediately adjacent to a fire sta- tion that was manned continually (fig. 2), The availability of fire department personnel to ———————s ; = Fig. 2 - Diagram of study area: (1) North Water Street bridge Fig. 1 - City of Milwaukee Harbor Area: (1) Government break- (2) Fire station, (3) Equipment location, (4) Menomonee Raver water, (2) Sewage Treatment Plant - Jones Island, (3) Kinnick- 5) Air hose, (6) Milwaukee Ri 7) Buffalo Street bridge innic Ravers (4) Menomonee River, (5) North Water Street 3 Noh SpA ee ee River, (7) Butialo\Stree SE, bridge, (6) Buffalo Street bridge (7) Milwaukee River, (8) Fire station, (9) Compressor andother equipment, (10) Air hose. check on the operation of unit assured uninterrupted operation. At this point, the hose was 500 feet long and transversed the river on a 45° angle to the shoreline. This would tend to lead the fish along the trailing edge to the west bank of the river where commercial netting was planned. The depth of the water in this area was about 22 feet. EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATION THE PLASTIC HOSE: Two lengths of plastic hose, rated to withstand 100 pounds per square inch, were connected by a regular air hose reducer fitting. The first 250 feet of this hose was 1 inch in diameter and the remain- ing 250 feet was 37-inch diameter. Holes (0.0135-inch diameter) were drilled every 6 inches with a No. 80 jewelers drill. One end of the hose was plugged. A length of ¢-inch chain was attached along the entire length of the hose by nylon seaming twine to keep the hose on the bottom in the desired position. As the hose was drilled and the chain attached, the two sections were placed on two large reels aboard a barge (fig. 3). This technique made it easy to place hose on the bottom of the river by attaching a line in the desired diagonal across the river and moving the barge along this line (fig. 4). The end of the plastic pipe was secured to a rigid pipe se- cured to a piling on the west bank of the riv- er (see cover page). Fig. 3 - Barge used to place air hose. September 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 COMPRESSOR UNIT: A diesel-powered air compressor which delivered 315 cubic feet per minute (free air rating) was set up on the east shore of the study area. This unit supplied air at about 80 pounds per square inch pres- sure on 18-second cycles, i.e., 9 seconds "on'' time followed by 9 seconds "off" time. A pressure tank of 200-gallon capacity, with pressure valve and gauge, was installed atthe outlet of the compressor. The tank helped cool the air through expansion and a large radiation surface. Operation during warm weather produced air of extremely high temperature; therefore, additional cooling was needed to prevent soft- ening or melting the plastic pipe. From the regulated pressure tank, 120 feet of copper water tubing 1-inch diameter was spiraled loosely into about 5-foot coils. The air was directed from the pressure tank to this tubing, which was hung on a rod so that the coils were submerged below the surface of the water. The "radiator" sufficiently cooled the air to a temperature compatible with the semirigid plastic pipe. Thetemperature of the air en- : tering the rigid pipe after flowing through the Fig. 4 - Reeling out hose and chain. cooling coil never exceeded 76° F. even in 80° F. weather. Constant maintenance, such as oil changes and greasing, is needed ona diesel unit which is to be kept in operation for extended periods of time. A 160-cubic foot per min- ute standby compressor was kept on the site for emergency use and was connected so that the unit could be operated to ensure constant air flow when the main compressor was not func- tioning. Because of the excessive noise of the compressor unit, a plywood structure, consisting of three walls and a roof, was built over the unit (fig, 5). Since the installation obstructed the east shore of the river, a lighted sign was posted on the river bank to inform boat traffic of the obstruction, As the main compressor unit consumed about 80 gallons of diesel fuel every 24-hour period, a 275-gallon fuel sup- ply was hooked directly to the com - pressor engine to reduce the number of refueling operations. peeks 10) REE After the pipe was installed, the compressor unit was started to pre- se oe : vent silt from entering or clogging the Fig. 5 - Equipment installation. holes in the plastic pipe and the pres- sure was Slowly brought up to the desired 80 pounds per square inch. During early operation, the air curtain was a solid and continu- ous stream of readily visible bubbles (fig. 6). As the study progressed the initial holes tended to close, because of the burrs left on the inside of the pipe during drilling. To correct this, SCUBA divers punched holes with a fine pin at 2-inch rather than 6-inch intervals. This di- ameter (0.02 inch) was about double that of the No. 80 drill. The close-spaced holes produced a much more vigorous, uniform, and probably more effective curtain (fig. 7). Unfortunately, as the study went on, even the larger holes became partially plugged and the action was re- duced. 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 9 Receiver Fa Air Curtain See ae I" 1. D. polyethylene pipe °- 3/4" 1. D. polyethylene pipe - ...- First 250' Bie oecond) 250065 ween 800 || erratic results may have resulted LEGEND: a fy from fish in the river before the Hae study began. —— .— Upstream net Net lost —~ ------ Downstream net. The results of gill-netting on June 19 indicated that a large run of alewives apparently moved up the river on about June 18 or 19. The upstream net had about 285 fish, while the downstream had over 800 (estimated) fish. The downstream net at the North Water Street bridge was lost because personnel could not lift it out of the water owing to the many alewives in the net. A flushing station, the outlet of which was lo- NUMBER OF ALEWIVES Flushing tunnel began operation MAY JUNE DATE OF SAMPLE cated just below the North Avenue Fig. 9 - Number of alewives caught by gill nets above and below the air- dam on the Milwaukee River, was bubble curtain during summer 1964, turned off at the beginning of the study. The flushing station is used during dry weather in the summer to alleviate the stagnant condition of the river by discharg- ing about 18 million gallons of water per hour through the outlet. The intake for this flushing station was located in the main harbor adjacent to the Milwaukee Yacht Club. A small self- cleaning screen over the intake was not considered feasible for such a short experiment; therefore, the pumps at the flushing station were turned off and remained off until 9:00 a.m. on June 16, 1964, Then, because of dry weather flow and adverse river conditions, the flush- ing tunnel was used. Asa result, alewives were pumped into the river behind the air curtain at the rate of about 2,000 fish a day. Undoubtedly these fish contributed to the catch of the net upstream, A commercial minnow dealer who regularly fished in the entire river and had daily con- tact with these areas reported that the alewives were present in the rivers before this study began. He reported netting small numbers of alewives as far upstream as the dam. He stated, however, that about 13 to 2 weeks after the air curtain installation, no alewives were found in that stretch of the river which extended from the curtain to the dam. He stated that after June 16, he again began to catch alewives in his minnow nets. This fisherman believed that the curtain was successful. His observations would again tend to lend credence to the experi- ences of City personnel and to explain some of the early results. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL TESTS OF WATER QUALITY To provide data from this study which might be comparable with like studies at a future time, basic chemical and physical determinations of the water quality in the study area were made, Surveys were made on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays to measure temperature 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 9 and obtain samples to determine turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and pH (fig. 10). The dissolved oxy- gen measurements were takenat three points: (1) 25 feet upstream from the air curtain, (2) 25 feet downstream, and (3) 75 feet downstream. Two samples for oxygenand pH were taken at eachof those points, one at the 6 -foot depth and the other at the 15-foot depth. Inaddition, atur- bidity sample was taken 25 feet upstream from the air curtain. Other samples also were taken at various other locations in the river system throughout the study period but these are not shown in this report. These includedthe Me- nomonee River, Kinnickinnic River, and at va- rious points inthe Milwaukee River northward tothe North Avenue dam. Allsamples were takenby lowering a dissolved oxygen sampler from the boat to the depths indicated. Dissolved oxygen wasdetermined by the improved Wink- ler method. The samples were first stabilized onthe boat and thentransferred to the labora- tories for finaldetermination. Turbidity and pH were also measured inthe laboratory. Tur- bidities were determined with a fluorometer. The temperature was taken by the personnel in the boat with a thermister lowered into the wa- ter tothe various depths. Allresults were re- corded for later analysis. RESULTS OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL TESTS Fig. 10 - Dissolved oxygen determination. The levels of dissolved oxygen were lower downstream from the air curtain than they were upstream. The Menomonee River was extremely low in dissolved oxygen concen- trations. The mixing of waters of the Menomonee River and Milwaukee River resulted inlow- er dissolved oxygen readings, both 25 feet and 75 feet below the air curtain, The dissolved oxygen determinations (table 1) revealed that the median dissolved oxygen 75 feet upstream of the air curtain was 1.25 mg. per liter at the 6-foot level and 1.50 mg. per liter at the 15-foot level. The median at the sampling point 25 feet downstream was 1.35 mg. per liter at 6 feet and 1.45 mg. per liter at 15 feet. At the point 75 feet downstream, the 6- foot depth showed a median dissolved oxygen content of 1.40 mg. per liter, while at 15 feet the reading was 1.20 mg. per liter. These changes apparently result from the influence of the Menomonee River and stratification as the two rivers combine. As stated previously, the dissolved oxygen during the study steadily decreased during dry weather until the influence of the fresh water from the flushing tunnel was noted at the sampling points. Samples taken upstream in the Milwaukee River showed increasingly more dissolved oxygen to the North Avenue dam, while the Menomonee River was low in dissolved oxygen, which may account for the heavier fish kill observed there. The dissolved oxygen in the Mil- waukee River was less than 0.5 p.p.m. when the flushing was resumed. The low oxygen con- tent indicated that the river was in a critical state and that flushing was necessary. Theaver- age daily water temperatures varied from 61. io) sat through ee aay during this period. The mean turbidity in the Milwaukee River was 37 p.p.m. during the study period (see table 1), the median pH was 7.63. OBSERVATIONS The migration of alewives into the Milwaukee River during the test period appeared er- ratic. During previous years, fish entered the river to spawn from mid-May through mid- September 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 Table 1 - Water Samples of the Milwaukee Rivers for Chemical Analyses by the Milwaukee Health Department, Summer 1964. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is Expressed in Milligrams/Liter and Turbidity in Parts/Million. | 75 Feet Upstream 25 Feet Downstream 75 Feet Downstream Date of Air Curtain of Air Curtain of Air Curtain ae peer Uae ee ee DO |% Sat. % Sat. BO | % Sat. 4.4 48 |4.0 44 3.5 38 2 3.6 2.8 4.85] 52 |4.1 44 Beye. 34 25 Sof) 42 3.75 40 3.76} 40 | 3.0 32 2.4 26 25 2.45 26 2.23 24 SOS) | Sik 4207, 47 4.5 45 0S B95) 40 B95) 40 0.6 eos 3 6 | 0.3 3 +6 0.5 5 0.3 3 | 4.8 SAS 3 37 2) || Bos) 39 Ae) 2.9 32 Ac®) 32 2.6 28 Siglo} 33 8 || Goes} 30 se) 2.75 29 BoC) 33 1.0 11 1.0 11 66] 1.2 13 1 io il 1.1 1.3 15 teal 13 68] 1.3 14 2 ila 0.0 1.2 13 1.3 14 -6 | 1.6 17 9 1.5 1.6 1.6 18 1.6 17 oI) tod 18 6 1.5 NSE 0.6 7 10.6 7 -68] 0.7 8 ad/ 0.7 0.7 0.2 3 0.2 2 -63] 0.4 4 64) 0.4 0.2 1.3 14 ibaa 12 ||) Boal 12 2 Neg hae) oe 14 1.25 14 5 | 1.4 16 4 1.6 1.6 0.8 © O58 9 68: || Oo 10 8 0.6 0.7 0.45 SB NOcs 3 os) |) Woes ) 4 0.4 0.4 0.85} 10 1.75 20 6 | 0.8 9 os) 0.7 0.8 7.8 85 | 6.2 67 -6 | 4.4 50 1 4.3 5.6 6/22 0.6 WOES) 5 || 0.5 5 0.6 0.5 6/24 0.8 ©) Oss -6 | 0.5 4 0.6 0.4 6/26 4.7 53 | 4.1 78] 3.4 4 Sil 3.0 Median[ 1.25 ee 7.63 ess ea ea Soo 1.40 1.20 June, a few appearing in July and sometimes the early part of August. Observations during the study indicate that the alewives move through the entire cross-sectional area of the river, do not move at any specific depth, and that migrations may be related to temperature or other weather factors. Inearly May, the local fishing fleet reported that the fish had moved close to the harbor area by the time the study began. Later reports by commercial fishermen indicated that large schools of the fish were present in the lake and also in the main harbor and lower river. They reported, however, that fish seemed to move constantly between the air curtain and the outer harbor. Few fish were seen at or near the air curtain at most times. A visual survey was Table 2 - Alewives Harvested by Commercial Fishermen from the made three times a week to Milwaukee Harbor During Air Curtain Study, Summer 1964 determine numbers of dead ees fish in the areas above and below the air curtain. All Outer Harbor $ mile North of River Mouth such results were recorded On Aaa ant Cat and returned to the Health Southvon Agr Curtain Department for analysis. In addition to these observa- tions, local commercial fish Outer Harbor operators made echo-sound- = BROGH ings throughout the test pe- peewee riod and were able to deter- mine concentrations of fish [june 141i] ROuteriElarbor age uine Nim Mn ennnennye | in the various areas of the rivers, harbor, and lake. All observations made by commercial operators, as well as their catch, were recorded and retained by the Health Department (see table 2), Outer Harbor Kinnickinnic River Mooring Basin 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 9 Commercial fishermen reported that the heaviest run of fishup the river was encountered around June 19 and that the main run may have been over by June 29, eventhough some schools of alewives remained in the harbor. They also reported extremely large schools of alewives in Lake Michigan. As funds were unavailable to continue operation of the air curtain, the study was ended June 30, but the main run of the alewives was apparently encountered during the study. Further migrations of alewives into the Milwaukee River was not apparent during July, and caused no further nuisances. Generally, the visual observations revealed large numbers of dead fish below the air cur- tain and smaller numbers above. The largest numbers of dead fish were noted at the junction of the Menomonee River and in the area of the junction of the Kinnickinnic River. Although dead fish were constantly sighted upstream, it is not known how long they had been dead. Many of the fish above the air curtain were quite deteriorated. Most fish were probably noted several times in the week- to- week searches. Fish were often observed dying downstream from the air curtain. In only a few cases, however, were dying fish noted in the Milwaukee River above the air curtain. Because of in- ability to determine when those fish had died, the visual method of observation was unreliable for showing quantitatively the effectiveness of the air curtain. It did indicate, however, that the air curtain was somewhat successful in stopping the alewives from migrating up the Mil- waukee River. Commercial establishments in the downtown area were checked to determine whether the water intakes for their air conditioning systems were affected by large numbers of alewives. Personnel of these establishments reported an exceptional decrease of alewives found intheir intakes during May and June. All establishments reported that around the third week of June, many fish were again found in their intakes, which coincides with the time that the large run of alewives was encountered and the time that the flushing tunnel was being operated. The effectiveness of the air cur- tain may have been biased by several factors. The location of the curtain during the study may have hindered evaluation since the fish had few alter- native routes when the curtain was reached. Commercial operators, while attempting to fish in the test area, ran into difficulties due to currents and large amounts of debris that tore their nets during fishing (fig. 11). Conse- quently, commercial netting was dis- continued after two attempts to remove alewives inthis area. The gill-netting data showed that about 36 percent of ‘ _ ‘ _. the fish near the bottom may have gone Fig. 11 - Dead fish and debris in river. through the air curtain during this study. Thus, migration through the curtain may have been due to the large number of fish involved, the lack of alternative routes, and a "forcing" of the fish through the barrier. Commercial harvesting of the alewives inthe main harbor may have alleviated this problem by reducing the number of fish reaching the area below the air curtain. The migration of fish up the Milwaukee River may also have been affected to some ex- tent by the removal of about 10,000 pounds of alewives by fishing in the harbor area by com- mercial fishermen (table 2). Most of those fish were caught in the outer harbor and only one small catch was made in the Kinnickinnic River. September 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 LITERATURE CITED GRAHAM, J. J. 1956. Observations on the Alewife, Pomolobus pseudoharen- gus (Wilson), in Fresh Water. Publications of the Ontario Fisheries Research Laboratory, No. 74, 43 PP- MILLER, ROBERT RUSH 1957. Origin and Dispersal of the Alewife (Alosa pseudo- harengus) and the Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedia- num) in the Great Lakes. Transactions of the Ameri- can Fisheries Society, vol. 86, for the year 1956, pp- 97-111. SMITH, HUGH M. 1892. Report on an Investigation of the Fisheries of Lake On- 10, for the year 1890, pp. 177-215. SMITH, KEITH A. 1961. Air-Curtain Fishing for Maine Sardines. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 23, No. 3 (March), pp. 1-14. (Also as Separate No. 615.) THREINEN, C. W. 1958. Life History, Ecology, and Management of the Ale- wife. Wisconsin Conservation Department Publication 223, 8 pp. 3 cans (33 or 4 ounces each) Maine sardines 6 hamburger buns 2 tablespoons butter or margarine 3 cup catsup 1 tablespoon chopped onion 2 teaspoon oregano Dash garlic powder 5 cup grated cheese dines on each half roll. melts and rolls toast. Serve hot. HOT SARDINE SANDWICH Drain sardines and break into large pieces. butter. Placerolls, butter side up, on a cookie sheet, 15 x 12 inches. Place sar- Combine catsup, onion, oregano, and garlic powder. Place approximately 1 tablespoon catsup mixture over sardines. Sprinkle cheese on top. Bake in a very hot oven, 450° F., for 8 to 10 minutes or until cheese Serves 6. (Recipe by the home economists, National Economics Research Center, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, College Park, Maryland.) Cut rolls in half and spread with 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ane Alaska Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development POTENTIAL OF COMMERCIAL FISHERY FOR LARGE ALASKA SHRIMP STUDIED: Giant Alaska shrimp, also described as "prawns'' may soon be available as a result of research being conducted under the Alaska exploratory fishing and gear development program of the Interior Department's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. The Bureau is following up on the results of this research by offering assistance to the fishing industry in the form of detailed tech- nical information on methods and design of gear, handling methods to obtain the highest quality of product, and assistance in market- ing. According to Harry L,. Rietze, Regional Director of the Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries at Juneau, fishing for Alaska shrimp is not a get-rich-quick type of activity, but is ideally suited for the 8- or 9-month nonpro- ductive gap now experienced by the salmon fishermen living in remote villages of South- east Alaska. Vessels that are used in the salmon fishery can easily be adapted to the shrimp fishery and employ a one- or two- mancrew. The major capital outlay by the fisherman to start commercial production would be for the construction of shrimp pots at a cost of $10 to $15 each. One vessel should be able to handle 100 to 200 pots for a profitable return based on the findings so far. The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries also provides financial assistance to qualified fish- ermen for the purpose of financing, refinanc- ing, repairing or maintaining vessels, equip- ment and gear. Vol, 28, No. 9 Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations SONAR STUDIES FOR LOCATING SUBSURFACE TUNA: M/V "Townsend Cromwell’ Cruise 24 (April 14-June 10, 1966): Familiarization and development of sonar techniques in searching and tracking subsurface tuna schools was the objective of this cruise by the research ves- sel Townsend Cromwell of the Interior De- partment's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii. The areaof operations was within 100 miles off the islands of Hawaii, Kauai, and Oahu. MB LONGLINE FISHING ARES & PLANKTON TOW, SONAR PATROL BREA = ig i igo" 139" se" are Areas in which tuna were studied with CTFM sonar during M/V Townsend Cromwell Cruise 24 (April 24-June 10, 1966). After installation of a specially designed frequency-modulated sonar system on the vessel, adjustments and calibrations were made to eliminate internal interferences and optimize the performance of the sonar, Two characteristic noise patterns of unknown or- igin occurred on the visual and audio dis- plays during operations at sea, They oc- curred irregularly but often enough to ham- per the operator's ability to locate and fol- low targets. September 1966 The sonar equipment was subjected to de- tailed acceptance tests under the supervision of the Defense Research Laboratory of the University of Texas, The overall perform- ance at sea was evaluated, The equipment did not meet specifications in several areas: The source level of the high frequency pro- jector was about 10 decibels (referenced tol microbar) below that specified; the transducer assembly did not scan or tilt properly at speeds greater than 4 knots; minor lobes on the vertical beam of the high frequency hy- drophone was 10.5 decibels higher than ex- pected; antifouling treatment of transducers appeared ineffectual, To familiarize personnel with opera- tional procedures, four types of sonar op- erations were carried out: (1) tracking of tuna schools, (2) searching with ship under- way, (3) searching with ship hove to, and (4) patrolling of long-line sets. To maximize opportunities to track schools, the vessel approached bird flocks which were located visually. Sonar con- tacts were made with 28 schools. They were 2 schools of estimated 20-25 pound skipjack, 2 schools of estimated 12-14 pound skipjack, 7 schools of estimated 5-8 pound skipjack, 4 schools of estimated 1-3 pound skipjack, 1 school of estimated 100-pound yellowfin, and 12 schools of unidentified fish. The greatest distance of positive sonar contact with a school; was 650 meters (2,132 feet). Success- ful tracking varied from momentary con- tacts to tracking a school of large skipjack for 56 minutes, The sonar operator was able to stay with the school even though it sounded twice during that period. Successful tracking of the elusive skipjack will require great skill, persistence, and a technique which will have to be developed step by step. A total of 42 hours was devoted to search- ing with the vessel underway at 3-4 knots-- 38 hours were in darkness, Highlight of the searching was the discovery of a surface school of 100-pound yellowfin and a schoolof large skipjack approximately 50 meters (164 feet) below the surface which eventually sur- faced. Identifications were visual, Returns of various descriptions were received from 12 unidentified targets. Searching with the sonar while the vessel was not underway was done only at night--2 nights (18 hours) in open ocean and 2 nights (16 hours) anchored in 35 meters (114.8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11 feet) of water, On each occasion a night light was submersed 8 meters or 26.2 feet below the surface to attract organisms. During the 34 hours at this activity, three characteristic types of sonar returns were observed, Only one type was seen on any given night but it recurred many times throughout the night. One type was asso- ciated with akule (Trachurops crumeno- phthalmus) 35 centimeters or 13,8 inches Tong caught at the stern of the vessel. Long-line gear was seton4days. Atotalof 60 baskets was set on the first day and 40 bas- kets on subsequent days. The total catch was5 big-eyed tuna (Thunnus obesus), 15 yellowfin tuna (T. albacares), 6 skipjack tuna (Euthynnus elamis), 6 wahoo, 11 shortnose spearfish Gletantinus augustirostris), 5 stripedmarlin (Makaira ACCES, 1 unidentified marlin, 4com- mon dolphin (Coryphaena hippurus), 5 Alep- isaurus sp., 5 great blue shark (Prionace glauca), and 1 whitetip shark (Pterolamiops longimanus). Of 127 sonar returns observed while the vessel patrolled the longline, 3 were sub- sequently matched with fish on the longline, These were a shortnose spearfish, a yellow- fin tuna, and a wahoo, A total of 62 of the sonar returns was observed on the first day, and experience from subsequent days sug- gested that many of them were echo returns from the gear itself. Eleven of the targets were moving; a strong target was swimming at a depth of 220 meters (721.6 feet). Some general observations of the cruise were: (1) the sonar was used to determine the depth of the longline on one occasion, Midway between the two buoys the longline was 103 meters or 337.8 feet below the sur- face, (2) The sonar was used to determine the depth of a 1-meter (3.28 feet) plankton net during a tow. The depth of the net was calculated from the wire angle and the length of wire out was 195 meters (639.6 feet) at the deepest part of the tow. The depth of the net determined by the sonar at the same time was 140 meters or 459,2 feet; (3) The ocean bottom was detected up to 1,600 meters, or 5,248 feet, the maximum range of the sonar, Routine bathythermograph (BT) and weather observations were made during the cruise and all Alepisaurus sp. caught on the long- line gear were preserved in formalin, 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW In 3 days in the area west of Kauai 28 schools were sighted, They were 15 skip- jack, 1 yellowfin, 1 skipjack and yellowfin, and 11 unidentified. Fifteen skipjack schools and 15 unidentified schools were sighted during the 5 days off Kona, In 4 days off Oahu 10 skipjack and 23 unidentified schools were sighted. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1965 p. 31. TUNA BIOLOGICAL STUDIES CONTINUED: M/V "Charles H, Gilbert” Cruise 92 (June 12-17, 1966): To collect and return live scombrids for body density and red mus- cle size determination for locomotion and aydrostatic equilibrium studies was the main objective of this cruise by the research ves- sel Charles H. Gilbert. The vessel is op- erated by the Bureau's Biological Labora- tory at Honolulu. The area of operations was within30 miles of Oahu. Pg) Research vessel Charles H. Gilbert of the U. S. Bureau of Com- ; mercial Fisheries. Other objectives of the cruise were to: (1) Collect and return live scombrids to the laboratory's behavior tank facilities for studies on schooling behavior, determination of hearing thresholds and red muscle physi- ology. (2) Collect fresh samples of fish eye lenses and brains for the Pacific Biomedical Re- search Center, University of Hawaii, The samples will be used for enzyme studies, (3) Return yellowfin tuna that have been bled in different manners and chilled in ice to determine if blood streaks in cooked fish can be avoided, Vol. 28, No. 9 Results of the cruise follow: (1) Densities and gas bladder volumes of 5 yellowfin tuna were determined. Scombrids of desired spe- cies and size were not caught for red muscle size determination. (2) A total of 216 skip- jack tuna and 34 wavyback skipjack were re- turned live to behavior tank facilities. Sev- eral other objectives of the cruise were not completed, Thermograph and barograph were oper- ated continuously during the cruise and the standard watch for fish, birds, and aquatic mammals was maintained. Trolling lines were out continuously between Kewalo Basin and each fishing station. The total trolling time was 25 hours--10 skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), 17 wavyback skipjack (Euthynnus affinis), and 5 yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) were caught, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1966 p. 20. g Columbia River EARLY SEASON 1966 SOCKEYE SALMON RUN BETTER THAN EXPECTED: More than 97,000 sockeye (blueback) salmon had passed over Bonneville Dam by July 7, 1966, indicating that the escapment of 80,000 fish over Rock Island Dam, set by the Oregon Fish Commission and the State of Washington Department of Fisheries as the optimum number needed to adequately utilize the upriver spawning areas, would be substantially exceeded this season, ''Based on a comparison of this year's observations with those of previous years, the present run is expected to exceed 120,000 fish," the Oregon Fish Commission director said, Despite this better than expected run, the Commission recommended that no sockeye season be permitted Columbia River gill- netters this year. On the basis of the size of the run alone, a substantial number of sockeye salmon could have been harvested. The run had been carefully monitored since the fish began passing over Bonneville Dam in June 1966, but a number of factors led to recom- mendations that no sockeye netting be al- lowed, Even with gill-net mesh stipulations and other restrictions, it was believed that the September 1966 number of summer chinook that would be taken during a sockeye fishery would be se- rious in view of the poor condition of the sum- mer run, It also appeared certain that more summer steelhead would have been taken than sockeye and, in view of the fact thatthe summer steelhead run was just getting under way, and there was no substantial indication of how big the run would be, it seemed in- advisable to allow the taking of any substan- tial number of steelhead until greater es- capement was obtained, The sockeye run passes upriver in a rel- atively short period of time with the majority of the fish moving over Bonneville Dam be- tween mid-June and mid-July. Evenifa season had been authorized this year, it was too late for a reasonable harvest since pos- sibly 80 percent of the run had passed Bon- neville Dam and undoubtedly a substantial portion of the remainder was in the 5-mile reach of the Columbia River immediately below Bonneville Dam which is closed at all times to commercial fishing, Extreme fluc- tuations in numbers characterize the sock- eye run which, since 1938, has ranged from 12,000 to 327,000 fish annually inanirregular up and down pattern, stated the Oregon Fish Commission director. This year's run was encouraging in view of the fact that the parent run in 1962 totaled only 29,000 fish over Rock Island Dam which the sockeye must pass to reach the Wenatchee and Okanogan Rivers, the only remaining spawning grounds of the species in the Co- lumbia River system, It indicates the re- silience of the species and offers promise that.sockeye runs in the future could provide a harvestable surplus. The Rock Island site, near Wenatchee River, is some 450 miles above the mouth of the Columbia River. The fresh-water habitat requirements are more restrictive for sockeye salmon than for the other four species of Pacific salmon since the young sockeye must have ready access to lakes in which they remain for at least a year before starting their mi- gration to the sea. This fact precludes any extensive effort to introduce sockeye into other parts of the Columbia River system ex- cept where suitable lakes andreservoirs exist. Sockeye salmon seldom take bait or ar- tificial lures of any kind and their harvest is therefore confined to gillnetting in the river when the fish are on their upstream migration. ‘It appears there will be no har- Commercial Fisheries Research and Development Act of 1964 State and Area Allocations Alabama $ 43,500 Nevada $ 20,500 Alaska 246, 000 New Hampshire 20, 500 Arizona 20, 500 New Jersey 157, 500 Arkansas 20, 500 New Mexico 20, 500 Califomia 246, 000 New York 180, 600 Colorado 20,500 North Carolina 53,000 Connecticut 20, 500 North Dakota 20,500 Delaware 28, 600 Ohio 47,900 Florida 246, 000 Oklahoma 20, 500 Georgia 90, 400 Oregon 120, 200 Hawaii 33, 300 Pennsylvania 53,500 Idaho 20,500 Rhode Island 25, 800 Illinois 23,500 South Carolina 22, 100 Indiana 20,500 South Dakota 20,500 Iowa 20,500 Tennessee 20, S00 Kansas 20,500 Texas 246, 000 Kentucky 20, 500 Utah 20, 500 Louisiana 246,000 Vermont 20, 500 Maine 214,700 Virginia 176, 700 Maryland 175, 400 Washington 209, 400 Massachusetts 246, 000 West Virginia 20, 500 Michigan 21, 600 Wisconsin 20, S00 Minnesota 20, 500 Wyoming 20, 500 Mississippi 121,000 American Samoa 53, 300 Missouri 20, 500 Guam 20, 500 Montana 20, 500 Puerto Rico 218,500 Nebraska COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 vest of sockeye in the Columbia River this year, but assuming successful spawning and normal survival of the young, this year's fine escapement should mean good returns to fishermen in four years," the Oregon Fish Commission director concluded. (Oregon Fish Commission, July 9, 1966.) Ss Commercial Fisheries Research and Development Act GRANT-IN-AID FUNDS APPORTIONED TO STATES FOR FISCAL YEAR 1967: The second apportionment amounting to $4.1 million in grant-in-aid commercial fish- eries research and development funds to the States was announced July 29, 1966 by Sec- retary of the Interior Stewart L, Udall, The money was appropriated by Congress under a 1964 act to improve commercial fish~ eries resources of the United States. A similar apportionment of $4,1 million was made in July 1965, Apportionment of Funds for Fiscal Year 1967 Under the 20, 500 Virgin Islands 20, 500 Allocation of money is based on the value of the commercial fishing industry of the various States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, and the Vir- gin Islands, No State may receive more than 6 percent, or less than one-half of one 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW percent, of the fund. Maximum permissible grants--$246,000 each--were allocated to Alaska, California, Florida, Louisiana, Mas- sachusetts, and Texas, Under the research and development pro- gram, the States are reimbursed for up to 75 percent of the costs of approved projects. The research and development programs are administered by Interior's Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, The tabulation lists the apportionment of funds to each State and other entity for the 1967 fiscal year, which began July 1, 1966, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1965 p. 22. Fish Hatcheries COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY OF NEEDS FOR HATCHERY FISH ANNOUNCED: A survey to determine future needs for hatchery fish to help manage the Nation's sport fisheries was announced July 24, 1966, by Secretary of the Interior Stewart L, Udall. The survey will be made by Interior's Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife in cooperation with State fish and game depart- ments. It will be used to estimate the water now suitable for sport fish and how much of this is or should be stocked, number of fish- ermen, future stocking needs, and capabil- ities of National, State, and private hatch- eries, The survey is also expected to be helpful in deciding the future roles of public and private hatcheries, In announcing the survey, Secretary Udall said data gathered will be projected to cover needs for "hatchery fish'' in 1973, 1980, and 2000. "The role of artificial production in providing for America's angling needs must be better defined. Stocking and production guidelines resulting from this survey are needed to keep up with the ever-increasing angling pressure while still maintaining or improving the quality of fishing," the In- terior Secretary said. Full cooperation from State game and fish departments was assured by the president of the International Association of Game, Fish, and Conservation Commissioners, “ &, Vol, 28, No. 9 Great Lakes LAKE TROUT FISHERY ENCOURAGED BY SEA LAMPREY DECLINE: Prospects for restoring the multimil- lion-dollar lake trout fishing industry in the upper Great Lakes have become increasingly encouraging due to reduction in numbers of parasitic sea lamprey, Secretary of the In- terior Stewart L. Udall said after reviewing latest statistics from the joint United States-Canadian control program. During the spring of 1966, some 4,300 sea lamprey were captured at 16 checkpoints on the United States shore of Lake Superior, compared with 10,129 for a similar period a year earlier, according to Interior's Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries. This rep- resents the most dramatic decrease since the 80-percent reduction recorded in the 1- year period ending in 1962, The number of spawning adult sea lam- preys caught at electric barriers on streams tributary to Lake Superior during 1966 has been about 50 percent below the 1962-1965 level and indicates a reduction of about 90 percent from the average of 1957-61. A steady decline in sea lamprey catches also is reported for Lake Michigan streams, Shows Great Lakes whitefish with sea lamprey attached to it. In the program of chemically treating lamprey-spawning streams to destroy the trout predator while it is still in its larvae or ammocete form, about 75 percent of Lake Superior's infested tributaries have now had a second application of the lamp- ricide. The first round of treatments for the 99 Lake Michigan streams was com- pleted early in spring 1966 and the program is now under way in Lake Huron, Some 4,8 million yearling lake trout are being planted in Lakes Superior (3.1 mil- lion) and Michigan (1.7 million) during 1966, This is the largest annual stocking to date and brings the total for Lake Superior to September 1966 about 15.7 million fish since rehabilitation of the lake trout fishery began in 1958, The remarkable comeback of the lake trout attests to the success of the control efforts and replanting with hatchery-raised stock, Natural reproduction now is return- ing, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries said, pointing out that in fall 1963, one of its research vessels made the first catch of natural (not produced in a hatchery) lake trout in Lake Superior since 1959, Also, the whitefish and rainbow trout fisheries have improved in Lake Michigan as an extra bonus of the war on sea lampreys. The stocking program was initiated in Lake Michigan in 1965. For Lake Huron, plantings with selected hybrid splake (a combination of lake trout and speckled or brook trout) are being scheduled to coincide with the sea lamprey control program and are expected to get under way in 1969, This new species, developed by Canadian fishery scientists as a result of a decade of selective breeding research, is expected to offer a special advantage over the lake trout since it will mature and reproduce at an age of three years or earlier, before reaching the size at which it becomes vulnerable to sea lamprey predation, Lake trout become vul- nerable at about four years of age, but do not mature and reproduce until seven years of age. Efforts to find commercial uses for sea lampreys to compensate for the destruction they cause have been unsuccessful. They are unacceptable to Americans as a food, although they are eaten in many European countries, Analyses indicate that oil yield and Vitamin-A potential are much too low for commercial exploitation, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1965 p. 31. Great Lakes Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE STUDIES OF ALEWIFE AND CHUB IN LAKE MICHIGAN CONTINUED: M/V “Kaho” Cruise 33 (June 7-23, 1966): To further knowledge regarding the seasonal abundance, distribution, and availability of alewife and chub stocks, upon which the com- mercial fishing industry in Lake Michigan COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 has become more dependent since the de- terioration of other prime fish stocks, was one of the objectives of this cruise by the exploratory fishing vessel Kaho, The vessel is operated by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S, Department of the Interior. cat TRAWL DRAG —— SNAG ENCOUNTERED, FATHOM CONTOUR. rr) oe Lake Michigan explorations by M/V Kaho Cruise 33 (June 7-23, 1966). The Bureau, through various research and development studies, is striving to improve the economic utilization of alewife and chubs, The low-cost, high-volume production of those species by trawling makes it possible to use them for pet food, mink food, or fish meal, Such use is still increasing, In 1965, a total of 14,1 million pounds of alewife and 0.9 million pounds of chubs from Lake Mich- igan were used for that purpose, The major objective of this cruise was monitoring the availability of the alewife population to bottom trawls at atime of the year when they become difficult to catch-- especially on the west side of southern Lake Michigan, Special emphasis was placed on exploration of shoal water areas, Secondary functions of the cruise were to provide fish samples for studies in relation to pesticides and botulism, collect information on lake trout populations, obtain length and fin-clip records for each trout taken during the cruise, and preserve specimens for lake trout food studies conducted by the State of Michigan Conser- vation Department, A total of 33 exploratory drags was com- pleted in southern Lake Michigan during the 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW eruise, All drags were made with a 52-foot (headrope) Gulf-of-Mexico-type fish trawl, The majority of drags were of 30-minutes duration, A total of 5 drags were purposely shortened to 15-minute periods to check for alewife at depths where they were assumed to be absent. The presence of gill nets and rough bottom conditions caused the early ter- mination of 4 other drags. Three shortdrags were made inside harbor entrance piers and an additional 3 drags were shortened because of snags. Major gear damage occurred dur- ing 2 hauls, one in Port Washington piers, the other at 10 fathoms off Port Washington, Minor gear damage resulted during another drag. The Kaho's high resolution echo-sound- ing equipment continually monitored and re- corded fish concentrations and bottom con- ditions, In conformance with explorations conducted in June 1962, difficulty was experienced in catching commercially-signific_nt quantities of alewife with trawl gear. The best concen- trations of alewife were found inside 10 fath- oms where in Lake Michigan the bottom is usually too rough to permit effective bot- tom trawling. Commercially significant quantities of alewife amounting up to 1.8 tons an hour were taken off Benton Harbor, Wau- kegan, Kenosha, Milwaukee, and Port Wash- ington, respectively. The catches, however, were much smaller than those obtained dur- ing earlier cruises in April and May 1966. Unusually large catches of 450 and 500 pounds of yellow perch were made off Ben- ton Harbor, Little effort was made to locate chubs during this cruise--the largest catch was 120 pounds, Among other species caught in the trawl were smelt, sculpin, yellow perch, and lake trout. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1966 p. 29. PARENT TT SAAT Oe Great Lakes Fishery Investigations BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND SEA LAMPREY CONTROL, JULY 1966: Some of the highlights of Great Lakes bi- ological research during July 1966 by the Biological Laboratory at Ann Arbor, Mich., operated by the Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries, U.S. Department of the Interior: Vol, 28, No. 9 Lake Superior research: The Biological Laboratory's research vessel Siscowet op- perated in western Lake Superior during July. Part of the cruise was in support of the University of Minnesota project under P.L, 88-309. Assessment of the abundance and distribution of lake trout also was carried outat that time. The catch per unit of effort was Slightly higher than a year earlier. Two young-of-the-year lake trout were caught during trawling operations in the Apostle Is- lands region of the lake, Lake Michigan research: Alewife larvae were abundant during July in the open waters of Lake Michigan off Saugatuck, Mich. They appeared to be confined to the upper few me- ters of water regardless of depth. Although they are found in the lake at very early stages of development, the pattern of movement would indicate there is little or no actual spawning in the lake off Saugatuck. Further study by the Bureau's Biological Laboratory to determine the effect of tem- perature on alewife eggs revealed thathatch- ing may occur over a wide temperature range (52-829 F,). Preliminary field ob- servations indicate that the upper limit for hatching (82° F,) may be the temperature at which natural spawning is completely inhib- ited. All spawning activity in the Kalamazoo River ceased when water temperatures reached 82° F, All mature eggs taken from females inhabiting 82° F. water were dead and sperm from males was highly viscous and would not mix with water, Lake Erie research: Assessment of the new year-class strength of various species in the western basin of Lake Erie was con- ducted during July. Results from trawling as of that time indicated the poorest survival of yellow pike and yellow perch in that area since 1957, The research vessel Musky IT also was used in supporting the investigations conducted by the Laboratory's limnological study group off Lorain, Ohio, Sea lamprey control: Seasonal operation of electric barriers in Lake Superior trib- utaries was terminated July 13. The adult sea lamprey counts at the assessment bar- riers declined significantly. Catches of spawning-run lampreys showed a 56-percent reduction from the previous 4-year average (10,825). At the end of the season the catch was 4,761 sea lampreys compared with 11,834 a year earlier. September 1966 Chemical treatment of lamprey-producing streams was restricted by low stream flows due to unseasonal drought conditions. Two streams were completed in July--Pine River in Mackinac County, Mich., a tributary of northern Lake Huron was treated for the first time and Sturgeon River in Delta County, northern Lake Michigan stream, was re- treated. Except for major streams, the sched- ule of chemical treatment of lamprey-produc- ing streams could be delayed on account of low water. Industrial Fishery Products U,S, FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: Production, May 1966: During May 1966, a total of about 19.1 million pounds of marine animal oils and 19,155 tons of fish meal was produced in the United States, Compared with U. Ss. Broduetion of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, May 19661/ with Comparisons t Produc .(Short Tons). Fish Meal and Scrap: Groundfish Sh)... 1,040} 1,293] 4,388] 3,783) 10,696 He ISIN) Paeeweelollelielveh ie 132 77| 1,015] 1,344] 12,932 Menhaden 2/ ..,... 14,742/18,779] 19,832/26,287| 175,959 Tunaandmackerel .. 2,561] 1,624/11,923] 8,690] 25,399 Unclassified ...... 680] 3,330) 1,617] 6,209} 17,360 4. MOtalis/ieretsecciels 19,155)25,103) 38,775/46, 313] 242,346 site hi Z| aa Fish Solubles: Menhaden'........ 5,980) 7,961/19,193]10,126] 73,181 @chemiepare siete vereperel: 1,662] 2,726] 6,347] 7,581] 21,658 Motley seuss eues 7,642|10,687|16,540|17,707| 94,839 Sete Gee (OOO NP OundS) ieepnemncnenire il, body: Groundfish. see. 131 177 637 611 2,441 Flennin pea isin sel 3/ 48} 358] 600} 8,543 Menhaden 2/ ...... 18,370]22,353)23,020]32,302| 175,202 Tunaandmackerel .. 375 259] 1,632) 1,295 4,793 Other (inc. whale)... 198 319 494 816 4,521 19,074]23,156]26,141|35,624| 195,500 Motalnoilineyuerete . 1/Preliminary data. 2/Includes a small quantity of thread herring. 3/Does not include a small quantity of shellfish and marine animal meal and scrap because production data are not available monthly. Source: U. S, Department of the Interior, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, May 1965 this was a decrease of about 4,1 million pounds of marine animal oils and 5,948 tons of fish meal and scrap, Fish sol- ubles production amounted to 7,642 tons--a decrease of 3,045 tons as compared with May 1965. 2K OK Kk 2K ok COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW iy S, FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES: Production and Imports, January-May 1966: Based on domestic production al imports, the United States available supply of fish meal for the first 5 months in 1966 amounted to 187,401 short tons--26,529 tons (or 12.4 percent) less than during the same period in 1965. Domestic production was 7,538 tons (or 16.3 percent) lower, and im- ports were 16,758 tons (or 10.1 percent) lower than in January-May 1965, Peru con- tinued to lead other countries with shipments of 93,898 tons. U. S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January-May 1966 -| Jan.-May Total Item 1966 1965 1965 (Short Tons). Fish Meal and Scrap: Domestic production; (Groundfis hyeewenen mene ene 4,388 3,783 | 10,696 eCity G36 6G on ciGlal OO O)e 1,015 1,344] 12,932 Menhaden\iyiia-waenti ote a icthe 19,832 | 26,287 |175,959 Tuna and mackerel ....... 11,923 8,690 | 25,399 Unelas sitie cima enslelen amelie 1,617 6,209 | 17,360 Total production 1/ ..... 38,775 | 46,313 242,346 1 Imports: | CHHECE GaopcoduaouD ood 17,905} 17,020) 43,830 enue terse ciate. duatean iuegs erate ial 93,898 |141,119 | 209,801 CGhilewemcesnarsneicnetenemerae ir 30,011 3,908 5,651 INGEAWERY o oldido 0 OIdia Ono D ptG 33 = 78 So. AfricayReps<-j5) 6 fi. = = 2 1,000 700 | 5,100 Other countries ......... 5,779 | 2,637] 6,206 Total imports? 29) 148,626 |165,384 | 270,666 Available fish meal supply 187,401 | 213,930 |524,717 Fish Solubles 2/: Domestic production ......- 16,540 | 17,707 | 94,839 Imports; Ganadawen teat tsbeme Men ep aire 743 766 1,488 IGE Cl Gig/s'6.4 6 65 oO 6 oho 33 me ie Other countries ......... 2,302 2,240 3,650 Motalsimports iia 3,078 ii 3,006 5,135 Available fish solubles supply, | 19.618 | 20,713 | 99,977 1/Does not include a small quantity of shellfish and marine animal meal and scrap be- cause production data are not available monthly. 2/Wet weight basis except for imports from South Africa Republic (included in "other countries"). Source: U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, and U. S. L Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. The United States supply of fish solubles during January-May 1966 amounted to 19,618 tons--a decrease of 5.3 percent as compared with the same period in1965. Domestic pro- duction of fish solubles decreased 6.5 per- cent and imports of fish solubles increased 2.4 percent, 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Inland Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development .OAHE RESERVOIR TRAWLING STUDIES CONTINUED: Reservoir Research Vessel ''Hiodon"' Cruise 7 (June 1966): To delineate areasfor effective bottom trawling and collect catch and biological data was the purpose of these explorations in the Oahe Reservoir located on the upper Missouri River in North and South Dakota, Trawling operations by the reservoir fishery research vessel Hiodon, which is operated by the U.S. Department of the Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries, were conducted in zones 1-6, FISHING OPERATIONS: Atotalof74 drags was made with 35, 45, and 52-foot (headrope) trawls. Drags totaling 51 were of 15 min- utes duration, 5of 10 minutes duration, and 18 of 5 minutes duration. A total of 7 of the drags was made at night. Another 9 drags were incomplete because of fouling of the net. Seven drags were made for the primary purpose of effecting trawl modification and testing the results; 8 drags were made pri- marily for the collection of biological data; 17 drags were made to test for differences between day and night catches; and 42 drags were for exploration of trawling grounds and checking fish distribution. Shows trawl containing catch being lifted aboard reservoir fishery research vessel Hiodon. FISHING RESULTS: The 74 drags took a total of 8,702 adult fish weighing 7,853 pounds for an average of 118 fish or 106 pounds per drag. Carp comprised 77.4 percent of the catch by weight; yellow perch, 6.2 percent; bigmouth buffalo, 3.5 percent; and carp- suckers, 3.2 percent, Other species ac- counted for less than 2.0 percent of the catch. Vol, 28, No. 9 A 45-foot headrope trawl required minor changes to correct a tendency toward twist- ing of the cod section, Correction was achieved by placing floats on the top side of the cod. The combination of experimentation and dragging on flats resulted in a low catch rate of only 39 pounds per drag. Species composition of the catch was 90 percent carp, 3 percent burbot, and 2 percent drum, The 8 "biological drags'' yielded a total of 1,400 fish that weighed 857 pounds for an average of 107 pounds per drag, Data rel- ative to length-weight relationships, scale samples, and other biological information obtained was to be used in biological studies. Ten daytime drags and 7 nighttime drags were made as an experiment to determine whether there is a significant difference in the rate of catch or species composition of catches made at different times of the day. During the cruise, drags made during day- time caught an average of 66 pounds adrag and nighttime drags caught an average of 82 pounds a drag, Carp made up 79 percent of the daytime catch (by weight) and 60 percent of the nighttime catch. Drum, carpsucker, bigmouth buffalo, and white crappie made up a slightly higher percentage of the night catches, Perch accounted for less than 2 percent of the daytime catch, but comprised 13 percent of the nighttime total, Of some interest was the large increase in yearling fish caught at night. An average of 13 yearlings per drag entered the daytime catch as compared to 154 per drag at night. The large increase resulted primarily from the increased catch of yearling bullheads (2 per drag during daylight; 81 per drag at night), white crapple (5 - 37) and perch (2- 26). Comparison of daytime and nighttime catches will continue through the 1966 field season program, A total of 2,080 yearling fish was caught during the cruise, The species composition was 53 percent perch, 19 percent bullheads, 10 percent white crappie, 5 percent yellow pike (walleye), 4 percent sauger, 3 percent northern pike, and 2 percent white bass, Other species taken were goldeye, black crappie, drum, carp, carpsucker, channel catfish, and burbot. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1966 p. 34. (ietarthbPercare feces September 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 Maine Sardines were down. U.S. per capita consumption of fishery products in 1966 will likely not ex- ceed 10.9 pounds in view of slightly smaller production and population gains, In 1965, consumption of fishery products averaged 11.0 pounds per person, the highest since 1954, CANNED STOCKS, JULY 1, 1966: Canners' stocks of Maine sardines on July 1, 1966, were down 42,000 cases from those of the same date in 1965, but were sharply lower as compared with the same date in the two previous years, Canned Maine Sardines--Wholesale Distributors! and Canners' Stocks, July 1, 1966, with Comparisons 1/ Unit 11/1/64 Canners 1,000 std. cases 2 253 248 312 314 538 629 1/Table represents marketing season from November 1-October 31. 2/100 3 3/4-oz. cans equal one standard case. Note: Beginning with the Canned Food Report of April 1, 1963, U.S. Bureau of the Census estimates of distributors' stocks were based on a revised sample of merchant wholesalers and warehouses of retail multiunit organizations, The revised sample resulted in better coverage. The January 1, 1963, survey was conducted with both samples to provide an approximate measure of the difference in the percent above that given by the old sample. two samples. That.survey showed that the estimate of distributors' stocks of canned Maine sardines from the revised sample was 13 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Canned Food Report, July 1, 1966. The 1966 pack of canned Maine sardines totaled 742,000 standard cases as of August 13, 1966, according to the Maine Sardine Council, as comparedwith 773,000 cases packed during the same period in 1965. Fishing was very spotty alongthe entire Maine coast dur- ing most of August and packing plants were working only a few days a week. Packers were hoping for improved supplies during September and October. Preliminary data show the 1965 pack as 1,266,903 standard cases (100 cans 32-oz.) canned in 23 plants in Maine. That was 46.3 percent more than the 865,751 cases packed during 1964, whenfishing was extremely poor. The 1965 pack was 21.8 percent less than the 1,619,235 cases in 1963. New legislation permitting year-round canning of Maine sardines removed the tradi- tional December 1 closing date for the pack- ing season. The new legislation opened winter canning to all Maine sardine packers and al- lows winter canning with domestic as well as imported herring. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1966 p. 32. Marketing EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS, MIDYEAR 1966: Indications about midyear 1966 were that supplies of edible fishery products may fall a little below those of a year earlier, Do- mestic production in 1966 probably will be slightly below the 1965 total; imports willbe up substantially, but beginning 1966 stocks Lower canned salmon supplies were an- ticipated for 1966 based on expectations of smaller salmon runs, However, salmon runs were surprisingly good and the 1966 salmon pack it was believed could well de- velop into a heavy one. Canned tuna may be less plentiful than in 1965, The early 1966 pack was above that of a year earlier be- cause imports of raw tuna stocks ran es- pecially heavy, but domestic landings have been lower. Inventories of canned tuna were lowered by heavy sales during 1965, and in view of growing consumer requirements and strong world demand, canners will be hard pressed to replenish inventories, Prospects were for a reduction in supplies of shrimp. Stocks were down appreciably at the begin- ning of 1966, landings in the Gulf of Mexico have been smaller, and imports have been running below a year earlier. Supplies of northern lobsters may also hold lower this year as compared with 1965. About the same quantity of flounder will be available this year, and halibut supplies will about equal 1965. But it appeared that scallops, haddock, and spiny lobster tails will be more plentiful this year. Prices of fishery products generally in- creased during the first half of 1966. Con- tinued high prices on most items are likely if demand continues strong and overall sup- plies hold a little below 1965. As of midyear 1966, supplies of many popular fishery items were heavier than a year earlier. More cod fillets and steaks, more halibut, and more fish sticks and portions were on hand than at mid-1965, although cold-storage holdings of raw 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW headless shrimp and ocean perch fillets were down. Frozen stocks of crab meat, lobster tails, and scallops were above ayear earlier. Stocks of canned pink salmon from the new season pack were up substantially from a year earlier, and there was some increase in stocks of canned chum and coho salmon, Note: This analysis was prepared by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S, Department of the Interior, and modified from that published in the August 1966 USDA issue of the National Food Situation (NFS-117). PRICE INCREASE IN 1965 MODEST FOR FISHERY PRODUCTS--HIGH FOR MEAT: In 1965 the Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price Index, commonly referred to as the ''cost-of-living index" increased 1.7 percent from the previous year. Many of the 400 or so goods and services priced inthe index contributed to this overall increase, However, much publicity has been given to the fact that one of the five major categories-- food--contributed most to the overall in- crease in the Consumer Price Index. Most of the gain in food prices can be attributed to the rising cost of meats, poultry, and fish, Prices of those commodities rose 7 percent from 1964 to 1965. Only during the shortages in 1951 and 1952 have prices for meats, poul- try, and fish averaged higher than in 1965, Carrying the breakdown even further, pork had the largest gain in the red meats group averaging 13.8 percent higher in 1965, while beef and veal averaged 4.8 percent higher. Retail prices for poultry in 1965 in- creased 3.1 percent. The price increase for fish was the least of all--only 2.0 percent higher from 1964 to 1965. For each of these commodities, price gains were most pro- nounced during the last half of 1965, What caused these sharp gains in 1965 compared with the relatively low prices which prevailed in 1964? Pork prices were up 14 percent over 1964 as a result of a 65- pound cut in per capita supplies. For sev- eral years, pork prices had remained rel- atively low, Retail beef prices, responding to the generally tight meat supplies and strong demand, increased an average of 5 percent in 1965 even though per capita beef supplies were down only slightly. Despite substantially increased broiler supplies, retail prices averaged 3 percent higher in 1965, Prices for fishery products joined meat in the general advance during 1965 by increasing an average of 2 percent. Vol. 28, No. 9 JAN 1964 = 100 0 0 0p 120 POULTRY, ~ 7 BEEF & VEAL ie cl 7 : Gas - — i/ 1964 1965 Consumer price index. When April 1966 prices are compared with year earlier prices, meat prices rose more than fish prices--an 18-percent in- crease for meat as against a 5-percent in- crease for fish. The increase in meat prices accounted for nearly all of the 6 percent in- crease for total food. Pork led the rise with 28 percent, followed by beef and veal with 9 percent, and poultry with 8 percent. For the remainder of summer 1966, it was conjectured that fish sales could benefit from continued high beef and pork prices. Retail prices for fishery products generally decline during the summer months due to the sea- sonal increase in supplies. (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Branch of Current Economic Analysis.) ey, > Maryland FISHERY LANDINGS AND TRENDS, 1965: Landings of fish and shellfish at Maryland ports in 1965 totaled 86.6 million pounds with an ex-vessel value of $13.2 million--an increase of 22 percent in quantity and 13 per- cent in value as compared with 1964. Blue crabs, oysters, menhaden, and soft clams accounted for 68 percent of the 1965 catch. Crabs: Hard blue crab landings totaled 32.0 million pounds in 1965, anincrease of 6.8 millionpounds, This wasarecord-high year for hard crabs--the previous record was 31.6 million pounds landed in1930, Crab ex-vessel prices varied from ahighof $10abarrel in Aprilto $4 a barrel in August for picking crabs. September 1966 Soft and peeler blue crab landings in 1965 totaled 898,000 dozen, 23 percent below 1964. Oysters: Landings improved over 1964 making a gradual recovery from the record- low catch of 1963. There were 1,845,800 U.S. bushels landed--an increase of 157,000 bush- els or 9 percent over 1964. Oysters were the second most important species in quantity landed, but were the leading species in value (an estimated $6.4 million). The spring catch was below the same period of the previous year and as a result packers purchased shell oysters from Gulf States to supply orders. The last three months of the season improved as harvesting increased and some oysterbars that were closed for many years were re- opened by the State. Also, results of the State's shell and seed-oyster planting program were beginning to appear. Ex-vessel prices ranged from $2.50 to $4.50 a bushel in the spring to $2.50 to $6.75 a bushel in the fall. Gallon and bushel prices for standards and selects were lower in the spring ($6.00 to $7.50) and in the fall prices were higher. NEW JERSEY MARYLAND Maryland fishing areas. The past three dry years affected oysters by raising the salinity of the water in Mary- land's portion of the Chesapeake Bay and the spread of the MSX organism was accelerated. Soft Clams: Landings of soft clams totaled 637,900 bushels--a 6-percent decrease from 1964, Ex-vessel prices were fairly constant at $2.50 a bushel throughout the year. The controversy over clamming regulations in the Potomac River was resolved in February 1960. The Potomac River Fisheries Com- mission was given authority and a 40-bushel- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 per day limit was placed on clams which is consistent with the rest of the State. The Potomac River, as in 1964, produced 31 per- cent of the soft clam catch. Finfish: Maryland landings of finfish in 1965 totaled 35.0 million pounds valued at $1.6 million, as compared against 28.2 mil- lion pounds with a value $1.5 million in 1964, The 1965 landings of menhaden (8.3 million pounds) and scrapfish (12.7 million pounds) accounted for much of the increase. Landings of striped bass--Maryland's leading foodfish--dropped from 3.3 million pounds in 1964 to 2.9 million pounds in 1965. The white perch catch of 1.4 millionpounds was up sharply from the 638,200 pounds landed in 1964, Landings of alewife (2.1 million pounds) were also up. There was a large increase in the 1965 shad landings (1.3 million pounds) and fluke landings (733,886 pounds) were up slightly. In 1965, two tuna purse-seine vessels landed 824,000 pounds of bluefin and 8,000 pounds of skipjack tuna, The Atlantic Coast tuna fishery was less active than in 1964. ret Massachusetts FISHERY LANDINGS, 1965: Landings of fish and shellfish in Massa- chusetts during 1965 totaled 408.7 million pounds valued at $40.6 million--a drop of less than 1 percent in quantity, but an in- crease of 15 percent in value from 1964. Fishermen landed 36 percent of the year's total catch at the port of New Bedford, 30 Million pounds 7. Te Tey Haddock June July Aug. Sept. Massachusetts landings by months, 1963-1965. 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 9 Summary of Massachusetts Landings, 1965 and 1964 1965 Quantity Pounds 6, 336, 200 ap 259, 385 Species Alewives, round. Cod, drawn . o » 1, 746, 178 622, 159 5,530, 718 126, 432 1, 358, 228 3, 264, 741 377,017 2, 906, 383 1, 897, 317 404, 384 2, 083, 829 0 6,712, 605 0 Flounders, round . DEG G clo on5-O Flukev cnc is, «6 Gray Sole... Lemon Sole. . Yellowtail... 2 12 «6 © © © « jo o © 2 18 6 © 0 © © jo o © ob |S apne ene er |ouele ote 6 @ © 6 6 je 6 o ej © © e we e je « « e 1? © © © © © |e © o 2 12 © © © © © jo © o ene. lel fe tenve ie) jel ee lo 12 6 2 © @ «© je o @ © 1° 0 © © © e jo e © le }© «© «© © © «© |e © © © le 6 © © © « jo © o 2, 379, 350 1,541,784 2, 875, 870 155, 334 2,426, 103 nite, GnaRcel a 176,677 o 0 je o 381, 006 870, 522 Halibut, drawn. . 22.002 ce ec 0 199,789 | 81, 547 5 Herring, sea, round. ....-2.s.eece 4, 442,705 69, 749 1,962,969 Mackerel, round .....o2:2ecoc 1, 828,912 127, 106 2,725, 435 Ocean Perch, round. . ....cecee 23,293,505 1,014, 005 30, 331, 669 Ocean Pout, round . . . « oo « oo © 728,010 2,453,115 Pollock, drawn... 2. 2ce ccc eec co 9, 351, 612 10,557, 807 Swordfish, dressed . Tuna, round: IASG 6 00.0 0-d O00 0 OD olo.G O10 Orolo Boao Co ad) Zp ets Vey 143,760 2,058, 223 143, 482 SKipjack ey) cieiie eufeitell sfleiteliitial|lolienie lelivotie leniel (ell eibeHieyii ellie) ele ike 5, 000 500 1,154,040 eee Unclassified . 210, 000 18,990 - Whiting: moma ob ALS 44, 671, 732 1, 301,958 56, 303, 425 1, 215, 270 dressed ... « 139, 260 7, 582 1,057, 690 47, 556 Wolffish, drawn. 469,565 30,014 666,938 Unclassified fish 51, 116, 189 1, 080, 854 32, 380, 441 Lobsters, northern. 2,472, 985 1, 403, 349 1,694,511 Shrimp fepielcls) ote 17,685 2,249 6,925 Sea scallop meats 11, 871, Lh 8, 028, 661 13, 603, 835 e © © © « eo fe eo Squid. .cececee 436, 00 Total... Note: Includes all landings in Massachusetts except for a small quantity taken in inshore fisheries, The landings shown for 1964 ac- counted for 93.2 percent of the Massachusetts total catch, The weights shown represent the fresh fish as landed and the values are those received by the vessels. © © e© © 8 © ole o tle © © © © © © je o value for the year's catch. Menhaden were caught from the usual areas with good catches from Mississippi Sound. Otter-trawl caught industrial fish landings were 74.0 million pounds valued at $1.3 million--6 percent less than the previous year. Finfish: Food fish landings totaled 3.6 million pounds valued at $720,000. Catches LANDINGS AND FISHERY TRENDS, 1965: of red snapper (2.4 million pounds valued at In 1965, total landings of fish and shell- $589,000) were 28 percent above 1964. fish by commercial fishermen of the Missis- sippi Gulf Coast amounted to 368.4 million MELT aonvpgunds pounds with an ex-vessel value of $9.3 mil- lion. Compared with 1964, that was an in- crease of 11 percent in quantity and 15 per- cent in value. Menhaden, red snapper, shrimp, oysters, and crab continued to be the leading species in the catch. percent at Gloucester, 25 percent at Boston, and 9 percent at other Massachusetts ports. Mississippi Industrial Fish: Menhaden landings of 278.1 million pounds valued at $4.0 million increased 17 percent in quantity and 27 per- cent in value above the previous year, A strong market increased prices for menha- den products, and resulted in the higher = 7 = ea May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Now: Mississippi landings by months, 1963-1965. September 1966 Landings of spotted sea trout were about the same as 1964, Black and red drum landings decreased. Bluefish landings were 72,300 pounds--4 times greater than in 1964, Floun- der landings were 21 percent greater than in 1964, 1965 and 1964 _ Landings, 1965 1964 Cabio. . » « Croaker. . Drum: Black. . » © 33, 120 2,193 45,730 3,060 Redor Redfish . . 32, 600 4,783 49,950 7, 187 Flounders. . . Groupers .. » King whiting or kingfish . Menhaden .. Mullet .... Pompano . « o Sea catfish. « 928 Sea Trout: Spotted... 148, 560 37, 138 148, 130 30,522 White. ... 27, 150 1, 685 26, 150 1, 399 Sheepshead. . Snapper, rede. Spanish mack- erel, ce 0 0 Spotic se 0 0 Unclassified, Industrial Total Fish. ={355: 760" 140 [5985-05615 19-365" 18515 059, 659 Shellfish Crabs, Blue: Hard ....| 1,692,120} 130,600 81,610 Soft and peeler. .. 1, 400 210 252 Shrimp, heads-on ., .| 8, 232,989/2,522,758] 6,416,024/1, 804, 829 Oysters. » » «| 2,695,265| 626,796| 4, 828, 600}1,098, 736 Ntah ys « a 12,621,774 3,280, 364| 12,552,304 fish _. . . | 12,621,774 3, 280, 364] 12,532, 304/2, 985, 427 Grand Total.] 368, 383,914 9, 265, 420 [331, 897, 4898, 045, 086 Note: The catch of oysters and shrimp taken in Louisiana waters but landed in Mississippi is included. Oysters are reported in pounds of meats (8.75 pounds per gallon), All other species are shown in round weight. Shellfish: Shrimp landings (8.2 million pounds, heads-on weight) valued at $2.5 mil- lion, increased 28 percent in quantity and 40 percent.in value from 1964, Good catches were made from the offshore areas adjacent to Horn and Ship Islands and the inside areas of Mississippi Sound, As in the 1964 season, the summer brown shrimp season in 1965 ac- counted for most of the annual production with 6,2 million pounds landed--75 percent of the total landings for the year, Demand for shrimp by canners remained strong dur- ing the season and higher prices were paid, Oyster landings of 2.7 million pounds of meats were 44 percent less than in 1964-- the first sharp decrease noted since 1962, Production in the spring months from public and private reefs in Louisiana waters was COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 steady, but less thanthe previous year. Prices for raw oysters increased sharply after the hurricane ''Betsy'’ because dealers were unable to get adequate supplies. At the end of the year prices of raw oysters were 20 to 30 percent higher than in the same period of 1964, Hard blue crab landings of 1.7 million pounds increased 32 percent above the pre- vious year and marked the third year of in- creased catches. Crab prices were up dur- ing the year and with a goodmarket for crab- meat, processors worked at full capacity. Local canning plants used the surplus meat and had good inventories of canned crab meat by the end of the year. Several new vessels joined the fisheries in 1965, Boatyards were busy with orders for a variety of new wood and steelvessels, New vessels were generally large with more engine power and with steel used mainly in the larger-sized vessels, At the end of 1965, the demand for vessel construction was more than boatyards could handle with resultant lags in completion dates and higher prices, The commercial fishing industry was greatly affected by hurricane "Betsy," with 2 small shrimp and oyster canning plants damaged beyond repair, One petfood plant was damaged and out of operation for nearly 6 weeks and a shrimp and oyster unloading facility was destroyed. Nautical Charts NEW CHART ISSUED FOR CHESAPEAKE BAY: Anew small craft nautical chart covering the entire width of Chesapeake Bay between the Patuxent and Little Choptank Rivers was issued by the Coast and Geodetic Survey of the Envi- ronmental Science Services Administration (ESSA), U.S. Department of Commerce, The new chart will provide navigators with tide and current tables, weather information, and atab- ulation of facilities available for small craft. The accordion-folded chart spans ''the heart of Chesapeake Bay and will aid many of Maryland's 77,000 registered boaters in safely navigating this area'' said the chief of the Survey's Marine Chart Division, He added that the new chart will enhance the 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW recreational value of a ''picturesque and his- toric area.'' The chart, identified as Chart 553-SC, is described as ''a basic document for navigating the area," DELAWARE BAY A CAPE CHARLES Nautical chart covering the Chesapeake Bay (area indicated by the box). The chart can be purchased for $1 from nautical chart agents or at a 20-percent dis- count if ordered in lots of 10 or more from the Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington Science Center, Rockville, Md., 20852, where individual copies may also be obtained. Hk ok ce ok ook NEW CHART ISSUED FOR SOUTHEAST ALASKA; A new edition of anautical chart covering part of southeast Alaska was issued by the Coast and Geodetic Survey, an agency of the U,S, Department of Commerce's Environ- mental Science Services Administration (ESSA), Nautical charts are important to fishing interests in the area, as well as to its timber and mining industries which must transport their products by sea. The chart, the first new edition of Chart 8201 inmore than three years, covers south- east Alaska from Etolin Island to Midway Is- Vol, 28, No. 9 Islands, including Sumner Strait. It is the 12th edition of the chart (first issued in 1888). The new edition includes the results of recent hydrographic and topographic surveys, and shows changes in the area during the past three years, Included for the first time in the chart is an inset of Duncan Canal in the vicinity of Big Castle Island based on 1965 hydrographic and topographic surveys. The inset is more than 10 times larger in scale than the base chart. : Nautical chart covering southeast Alaska (area indicated by the box). Chart 8201 provides coverage for the pri- mary shipping routes of fishing vessels which operate in southeast Alaska, In 1965, about 484 million pounds of fish and shellfish valued at some $72 million were marketed by Alaskan fishermen, Pe "16 New Jersey FISHERY LANDINGS, 1965: Summary: Landings of commercial fish and shellfish in New Jersey during 1965 to- taled 159.9 million pounds with an ex-vessel value of $11.3 million--an increase of 15 percent in quantity and 20 percent in value compared with 1964, Menhaden landings were up 10.0 million pounds, and surf clams were up 5.5 million pounds, There were ap- preciable increases in landings of sea scal- lops, swordfish, scup, whiting, blue crabs, and bluefish. Following are some of the highlights of the New Jersey fisheries during 1965: September 1966 Industrial fish: Menhaden production made avery slow comeback after a disastrous year in 1964, Landings for 1965 were up 10.0 mil- lion pounds, but in this high volume industry the catch of 74.4 million pounds, worth $1,3 million, is still considered poor, Landings in 1963, although not a peak year, were 178.4 million pounds valued at $2.2 million, In past years the industry in New Jersey had annual harvests that were as high as 486 mil- lion pounds. Only 1 of the reduction plants in New Jersey processed menhaden during the entire 1965 season, M4}110n_pounde apa a EU A a Mar. Apr May June July Aug. Sept. New Jersey landings by months, 1965. Surf Clams: Landings were in record quantities. In 1965, total landings exceeded the 1964 catch by about 5.5 million pounds of meats. A total of 4 vessels was added to the surf-clam fleet, bringing the totalto about 60 vessels. Increased production was due to: virgin surf-clam grounds located off Wild- wood, no labor disputes, and favorable weather, Because of the increasing sales of clam pro- ducts, production of that species has steadily increased since 1952, Sea scallops: Landings reached an all- time high of 1.9 million pounds, averaging 60.8 cents apound, Most of the scallops were taken in an area off Cape Henry, Va., where vessels from Canada to the Carolinas op- erated. During the period of peak catches, June-September, landings of 10,000 to 30,000 pounds of meats per trip were common, In July one vessel caught 36,800 pounds on one trip. Swordfish: In New Jersey, swordfishing is anew and somewhat unexploited fishery. Now 3years old, itis strictly a long-line op- eration. The 5 vessels engaged in this fish- ery landed 1.0 million pounds or 694,000 pounds more than in 1964, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 Scup: This fishery continues to lead in total landings of edible finfish. Scup may well be considered the backbone of the New Jersey fishery. Otter-trawl catches in the fall and winter months were exceptionally good and totaled 80 percent of the annual scup land- ings, Whiting: This fishery is becoming more prominent in New Jersey. Previously no great effort was made to catch large quan- tities of whiting because local fishermen were unable to compete with the whiting fish- ery in the New England States, As this spe- cies was somewhat scarce in New England waters, there was a greater demand during the year, Bluecrabs: Landings were up 347,000 pounds in 1965, due to the unusually good catches made by the crab pot fishery in Del- aware Bay during August and September, This area produced 81 percent of the total, The remaining 19 percent was caught by crab dredges in Sandy Hook, Raritan and Barnegat Bays. Tuna: Purse seiners from Massachusetts and California operating out of New Jersey experienced a disappointing season, Since the start of this fishery in 1963, first land- ings were usually made during June and the season lasted 3 months. In 1965, no fish were caught until mid-July and the last trip was made by August 1. The State's ports are centrally located to important wholesale markets and transportation is readily at hand, but tuna vessels are handicapped by the lack of large, deep inlets, and sufficient un- loading and storage facilities. The 1965 land- ings of tuna amounted to 1.3 million pounds compared to 2.8 million pounds in 1964, sters: Production was down by almost 600,000 pounds as the State did not open the public seed beds located at the mouth of the Delaware River. The normal practice is to plant seed oysters on private grounds and allow them to grow for 3-4 years prior to harvesting. The high incidence of MSX dis- ease in the growing areas requires that har- vesting be at the earliest possible moment-- within the same calendar year or no later than 1 year after planting. As the main seed beds were closed in 1965, the only sources of oysters were: the remaining oysters ob- tained from the public seed beds in 1964; about 12,000 bushels of seed taken by tongers from minor seed beds opened by the State in 1965; 26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW and a small quantity on privately~owned beds. During the past ten years, production of oys- ters has been governed by the amount of seed available from the State's natural seed beds. The State has not opened the seed beds every New Jersey Landings, 1965 and 1964 Xl Species Fish Lbs. Lbse $ Bluefish... . 817, 137 541,000} 87,043 Butterfish ., .| 1,138, 12 132,938 Codtemeneneneire 164, 286 283,000] 44,974 Fluke .....| 3,612,738 3,670,500] 865,495 Menhaden. . «| 74,362, 219| 1,270,649] 64,278,700] 969,552 Scup or porgy .| 9,089,953 8,551,000] 847, 326 Sea Bass. . . «| 2, 145,977 2,194,900] 335, 309 Striped Bass . 4 779, 694 i 995,600] 174,057 Swordfish . . .| 1,000,553} 437,987 306,900] 103, 338 0 84,897| 2,758,300] 139, 104 0 156,319| 3,270,800] 153, 836 . 306,724] 8, 250, 300 95, 468 569, 500 8, 839 9, 600 1,919 2,231 44, 800 1,515 1,058 354, 000 1,594 562,276| 1,060,600] 516, 301 1 858, 767 14,020 : 3,047, 857 | 36, 875, 200 2, 400 1, 894, 000 42, 306, 687 7) fe} oe Conchs .. 183, 500 48, 385 Mussels, sea. « 1 1/ 502,659| 681,319] 1,097,700 95,533 1, 895,979 453,017 45,000 1, 152, 610 32,718 376, 300 140, 300 376,900 3,900 1/ 55, 900 49,557,854] 6,550,548 | 43,074, 100 A590, 851, OOO}11, 292, 602 1139, 362, 3009, 422, 613 1/Not available, Note: Data for 1964 are revised. Univalve and bivalve mollusks are reported in pounds of meats. All other species are shown in round weiaht. year and this has been the main cause of year-to-year fluctuations in production. Bay Scallops: Catches dropped sharply from 1964. The failure was attributed to the abundance of weed growth, usually removed by northeast storms in the fall months. There were no storms, however, and dredges picked up large quantities of seaweed, thus limiting the fishery. Shad: Fish were caught by drift and stake-gill nets mainly in the Delaware Bay and Hudson River during the spring. There was good fishing in the Hudson River the last week in April and the first week in May, but Vol, 28, No. 9 the catch did not meet fishermen's expecta- tions. Fishing effort was less than in 1964 and was partially responsible for the poor catch. Delaware Bay stake-net fishermen were just able to show a profit from the catches in 1965. Those fishermen would have made larger catches if prices for shad had been higher. Many fishermen quit fish- ing weeks before the run of shad ended. Striped Bass: This was the second best year with landings of about 800,000 pounds-- 216,000 pounds below the record year of 1964, Otter-trawl year was credited for most of the catch (70 percent) during Jan- uary-March, the period of peak landings. Nearly all the otter-trawl vessels from Point Pleasant and Atlantic City contributed to the catch of striped bass during those months, There was no other species avail- able in any quantity at that time of the year. Clams: Production of hardclamsin1965 totaled 1.9 million pounds, about the same as the previous year. Surf clam production, however, was up 15 percent--42.3 million pounds as against 36. 3 million pounds in 1964, z North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations DISTRIBUTION OF BRIT HERRING STUDIED: M/V "Rorqual" Cruise 5-66 (June 22-30, 1966): To search for and sample ''brit''-size herring (2 to 3 inches) and sardine-size her- ring schools was the objective of this cruise by the research vessel Rorqual, operated by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Depart- ment of the Interior, The area of operations was Saco Bay to Machias Bay (Gulf of Maine)-- inshore to 5 fathoms and offshore to 50 fath- oms, Surveys during the cruise were made with an echo sounder and traces were sam- pled with a high-speed trawl and an otter trawl, The areas surveyed and the results obtained were as follows: Casco and Saco Bays (depth 10-20 fath- oms, daytime)--there were no traces ofher- ring and net tows did not catch any; offshore Casco and Saco Bays (depth 20-50 fathoms, night)--no traces of herring were found. September 1966 Sheepscot Bay (depth 10 fathoms, night) -- traces of herring, mixed catch of brit, and sardine-size herring were found. Inshore and thoroughfare waters from Muscongus Bay to Machias Bay (depth 5-10 fathoms, daytime)--continuous traces were identified as brit herring. Southwest Harbor to Petit Manan Island (depth 5-30 fathoms, daytime)--no herring were found. Machias River (depth less than 5 fathoms, night)--there was a school of sardine her- ring. Offshore waters from Cutler to Schoodic Pt. (depth 20-50 fathoms, night)--there were no traces. Schoodic to Southwest Harbor (depth 5-20 fathoms, daytime)--there were scattered traces, not identified. Boothbay Harbor (depth 5-15 fathoms, night)--there were traces of what apparently were brit herring. Surface salinity and temperature data were collected. The thermograph was run continuously. oe ose ok ook! ok LOBSTER AND SEA HERRING POPULATION STUDIES CONTINUED: R/V Albatross IV Cruise 66-8 (June 15- 25, 1966): To sample populations of lobsters and sea herring and obtain related environ- mental data was the main objective of this cruise by the Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries research vessel Albatross IV. Other objectives were to obtain blood samples from lobster and sea herring and make plank- ton tows for lobster and herring larvae, The canyons along the Continental Shelf from Veatch Canyon east to Corsair Canyon, gen- eral area of Georges Bank, and Cashes Ledge were the areas of operations, FISHING OPERATIONS: Lobster: A total of 38 trawl sets was made at the 4 major lob- ster stations. The sets made in waters of 68 to 160 fathoms yielded 580 lobsters (59 per- cent females and 41 percent males). A total of 73 of the females were berried. The aver- age weight of the lobsters was 3.4 pounds, the range in weight 0.1 to 25 pounds. Seven lobster pots set on Cashes Ledge were hauled 4 days later and contained 27 lobsters (10 fe- males and 17 males). The average weight COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 ‘of the lobsters was 1 pound ranging in weight from 0.4 to 6 pounds, Large lobsters were prevalent in the catches from Lydonia, Ocea- nographer, and Corsair Canyons, while short lobsters were prevalent in the catches from Veatch Canyon, A total of 278 lobster blood samples was obtained for analysis, Herring: Six herring trawl sets were made at 6 stations, The sets (1-hour dura- tion) made in waters of 30 to 40 fathoms yielded a total of 29 bushels; the herring were from 25.4 to 34.6 centimeters (about 10.0 to 13.6 inches) long. The majority of herring in the samples were from the 1960 and 1961 year-classes. A total of 50 blood samples were obtained for analysis. Species of fish, other than herring, collected during the cruise were haddock (30 bushels), cod (3 bushels), yellowtail(14 bushels), ocean perch, (113 bushels), gray sole (3 bushels), white hake (2 bushels), alewives (1 bushel), dogfish (33 bushels), skates (3 bushels), silver hake (2 bushels), mackerel (1 bushel), sculpin (4 bushels), goosefish (4 bushels), pollock (1 bushel), and eel pout (2 bushels), One bushel of squid and 4 bushel of shrimp also were obtained in the, catches, PLANKTON OPERATIONS: During the cruise 26 one-meter net plankton tows of 15 minutes each were made (5 minutes: at 20 meters, 5 minutes at 10 metérs, and 5 min- utes at the surface). No larval herring were obtained. HYDROGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS: Sea- bed drifters and drift bottles were released at selected stations along the Continental Shelf, At each trawl station bathythermo- graph (BT) casts were made, salinities col- lected, and weather observations recorded, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1966 p. 37. North Pacific Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development PELAGIC FISHING GEAR RESEARCH: M/V "Commando" Cruise 13 (June 5-21, 1966): The exploratory fishing vessel M/V Commando, chartered by the U.S. Depart- mentofthe Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, returned to Seattle, Wash., on June 21, 1966, after completing a 16-day 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW cruise in Puget Sound and northern Oregon coastal waters, The primary objectives of the cruise were to: (1) develop a method of fishing a dandyline-rigged small-mesh 94-foot fish trawl with a single towing warp; (2) assess the intra-station variability in composition of fish and shellfish catches associated with a series of replicate tows made at the 300 and 375 fathom stations on the trackline southwest of the Columbia River mouth; and (3) collect additional data on the composition, distribution and abundance of demersal fish species at stations deeper than 450 fathoms on the Columbia River trackline using the small-mesh 94-foot fish trawl and 70-foot shrimp trawl, GEAR: The following trawls were fished using V-type otterboards and either a single or double warp trawling arrangement: (1) standard 400-mesh (94-foot) commercial Eastern otter trawl withno liner inthe codend, (2) 70-foot semi-balloon Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl and (3) 94-foot small mesh fish trawl. The latter trawl had essentially the same physical dimensions as the 400-mesh com- mercial Eastern otter trawl. The major dif- ference was in the smaller mesh sizes which were 23 inches in the wings and square and 12 inches in the belly, intermediate, and codend. Because of the great depths to be fished, 4- and 8-inch glass floats were used on headropes of all trawls. The 10-fathom danleanos which consisted of 7-fathom cables from the doors to the butterfly with 3-fathom legs from the butterfly to the net were used in conjunction with the above trawls. METHODS OF OPERATION: The double warp trawling operation was conducted in the standard manner, The single warp operation was modified to permit the use of the dan- leanos, Both doors were hung from the star- board stanchion and the 50-fathom bridles from the doorsto the single towing warp were wound on the main winch. The 10-fathom danleanos and trawl were wound on a reel on the stern of the vessel. After the trawl and danleanos were payed out from the reel, they were connected to the doors by extensions from the back of the doors, Both towing warps were connected end to end to permit trawling at depths greater than 500 fathoms, RESULTS: A total of 24 drags--8 with the 94-foot small-mesh fish trawl, 10 with the 400-mesh Eastern fish trawl, and 6 with the Vol. 28, No. 9 70-foot shrimp trawl--were made during the cruise. GEAR EVALUATION: SCUBA-equipped divers observed the 94-foot small-mesh ver- sion of the 400-mesh Eastern fish trawl rig- ged with 10-fathom danleanos, V-type doors, and 90-foot ''tickler'' chain attached to the footrope, to evaluate its fishing configuration in 10 fathoms of water. In general, the fish- ing configuration of the net was good with a horizontal measured spread of 29 feet be- tween wing-tips, and an estimated height of 10 feet at the center of the net and 6 feet at the wing tips. The "'tickler'' chain was 4 to 10 inches off bottom at the center part of the net and on bottom along the wings, Along the wings the ''tickler'’ remained under or slightly behind the footrope, but at the cen- ter the ''tickler'' was in front of and at about a 45° angle tothe footrope. Thebutterfly part of the danleano remained upright at alltimes. A tension of 3,500 pounds as measured by a dynamometer was exerted on the main tow- ing cable during the experiments, REPLICATE SERIES EXPERIMENT: Two series of replicate tows (6- and 4-one-hour tow series) were made with the 400-mesh commercial Eastern otter trawl southwest of the Columbia River mouth at 268-310 and 358-394 fathoms, respectively. The results indicate that at the depths sampled, species dominance in the catches remains the same and the size of catches of the dominant spe- cies do not vary excessively. For instance, at 268-310 fathoms, catches per hour of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) ranged from 400 to 1,600 pounds, Dover sole (Microsto- mus pacificus) from 35 to 300 pounds, chan- nel rockfish (Sebastolobus alascanus) from 20 to 50 pounds, and Tanner crabs (Chion- oecetes tanneri) from 30 to 65 pounds). At 358-394 fathoms the catches per hour were less variable, with sablefish (725 to 1,000 pounds), Dover sole (70 to 100 pounds), channel rockfish (105 to 180 pounds), and Tanner crabs (115 to 182 pounds). DEEP-WATER EXPLORATIONS: A to- tal of 5 drags at depths greater than 500 fathoms was made southwest of the Colum- bia River mouth. Three of the drags were made with the 94-foot small-mesh fish trawl at depths of 500, 600-710, and 820-840 fath- oms yielding catches of 84, 614, and 1,024 pounds, respectively. The towing time of the 3 drags were 3, 2, and 3 hours, respec- tively. The 2 drags made at 500 and September 1966 1,160 fathoms with the 70-foot shrimp trawl resulted in catches of 407 and 314 pounds in 1.0 and 1.2 hours of towing, respectively. The tow at 1,160 fathoms was the deepest made on the Columbia River trackline. A scope ratio of only 1.4:1 was successful. The deep-water catches consisted largely of rattails (Coryphaenoides acrolepis and pectoralis), longfinned cod (Antimora rostra- ta), and Channel rockfish (Sebastolobus al~ fivelis), An exception to this pattern was a 407-pound catch made at 500 fathoms con- taining 300 pounds of sablefish averaging 52 centimeters (21 inches) in length. Difficulty was experienced in retrieving the 94-foot small-mesh fish trawl and 70- foot shrimp trawl from deep water. On two occasions ruptured hydraulic lines inter- rupted the hauling operation. OTHER SAMPLING AND OBSERVATIONS: Twotows of 1.0and 1.5 hours durationmade withthe 70-foot shrimp trawl at 122 and 98-101 fathoms, respectively, yielded catches of less than 50 pounds. Pacific ocean perch dominated those catches. Two other tows with the same gear at 11-14 fathoms yielded 293 and 331 pounds in 0.3 and 0.4 hours of towing, respectively. Hake was the princi- pal species in the latter two hauls. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1966 p. 27. I 4 = at INTERIOR DEPARTMENT NAMES RESEARCH OCEANOGRAPHER TO COORDINATE EASTROPAC EXPEDITION: Dr. Warren 8. Wooster of the University of California was named by the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries to coordinate the largest explor- atory oceanographic expedition ever planned in the eastern tropical Pacific (EASTROPAC), it was announced July 14, 1966. Oceanography Dr. Wooster, internationally recognized research oceanographer, teacher, and ad- ministrator, is a professor at the Univer- sity's Scripps Institution of Oceanography at La Jolla, Calif., and will continue some of his academic duties while on special as- signment with the Bureau, Wooster will be coordinator for EASTRO- PAC, the designation for the coming multi- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 agency investigation of the oceanic region stretching south from San Diego, Calif., to northern Chile and westward for 2,000 to 4,000 miles, said Donald L. McKernan, Bureau Director, The main purpose of the project, which will begin in early 1967 and continue for about 18 months, will be to gain knowledge of climatic variations in the re- gion and their bearing on fishery resources, The Bureau Director said, ''The solution of many problems relating to fisheries, weather forecasting, and defense depends on an under- standing of the changing ocean environment," The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries will be responsible for coordinating the oceanog- raphic program. Participation is expected from Peru, Ecuador, Chile, and the Inter- American Tropical Tuna Commission. The Smithsonian Institution, the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA) of the Department of Commerce, Texas A & M College, Oregon State University and the U. S. Coast Guard are also expected to par- ticipate. Wooster received his doctor of science degree from the University of California, San Diego. He is a member of several pro- fessional societies and serves on a number of national and international committees con- cerned with the marine sciences. He spent a year in Lima, Peru, as the first director of Peru's oceanographic and fishery research laboratory, which he organized. He was in Paris from 1961-1963 as Director, Office of Oceanography, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNES- CO), and Secretary of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, HK OK Kk NEWEST RESEARCH VESSEL "(COCEANOGRA PHER" COMMISSIONED: The oceanographic research vessel, Se was commissioned on July ; » when it was turned over to the Coast and Geodetic Survey of the Environ- mental Science Services Administration (ESSA), U. S. Department of Commerce. The Oceanographer is the largest, most modern, and most completely automated vessel built in the United States to probe the secrets of the deep sea. The $9.2 million "floating laboratory" will bring to 14 the number of vessels operated by the Coast and Geodetic Survey. 30 The U.S. Coast & Geodetic Survey research vessel, Oceanographer (OSSO1), is the most advanced oceanographic research ship of its kind built in the United States. President Johnson spoke at the commis- sioning ceremonies which were held at the Washington, D. C., Navy Yard. The President called for a vigorous program of ocean re- search and said, ''... the sea holds the ulti- mate answer to food for the exploding popu- lation of the world. Nearly four-fifths of all life on earth actually exists in salt water... ."' He added, "Our scientists are developing a process for turning whole fish into a taste- less but highly nutritious protein concentrate which can be used as a supplement to our daily diet. In addition, the United States Sen- ate has recently passed a bill for the con- struction of several pilot plants to begin the commercial development of this fish protein food. The daily output of one of these plants would provide enough protein supplement for well over half a million people each day." The vessel has a cruising range of 13,000 miles and can remain at sea for 150 days at atime. Its normal complement will be 13 officers, 39 crew and 45 technical and sci- entific personnel, with additional accommo- dations for 8 visiting scientists. The Oceanographer will be followed later this year by a sister ship, now under con- struction in Jacksonville, Fla. The vessels are part of the national oceanographic pro- gram which received its impetus from the late President Kennedy who, shortly after taking office in 1961, asked Congress to authorize a new vessel with deep ocean capa- bilities. The Oceanographer can operate equally well in any area of the global sea, including polar waters, and has over 4,100 square feet of laboratory space, All living quarters COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 9 and scientific areas are air-conditioned. Closed circuit television is provided through- out the engine room, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1966 p. 26. af Oregon DUNGENESS CRAB CATCH, 1965/66 SEASON: ~~ Commercial Dungeness crab landings for the 1965/66 season were well above the av- erage for the past 20 years and the best since the 1960/61 season, the Oregon Fish Com- mission reported. From December 1965 through April 1966, Oregon landings of Dun- geness crab totaled 8 million pounds, well above the 6.7 million pounds taken during the entire preceding season. It was estimated that the 1965/66 harvest would exceed 9.5 million pounds by the end of the season in mid-August. The 1960/61 landings were 11.3 million pounds, with average landings for the past 20 years between 7.5 and 8 million pounds, Commercial crabbers indicated there were good numbers of legal size male crabs over the 63-inch commercial minimum width which provides optimism for the 1966/67 sea- son. The market for Oregon crabs was off early in the season, but with the cooperation of various state, Federal, industry, and con- sumer interests in publicizing this excellent seafood, the product made a strong and rapid comeback, In recent years, the commercial fishery has taken about 90 percent of the legal size male crabs each season in a fishery that has grown in a spectacular manner under an usu- ally lively market demand since the end of World War II. The trend during the 1965/66 season is especially heartening since the crabs landed were predominately from the 1962/63 year class and were in the highly vulnerable lar- val stage during the summers of 1962 and 1963 when there was extensive seismic oil exploration activities off the Oregon coast. At that time concern was expressed by some that the use of explosives in the seismic work on the offshore grounds destroyed great quantities of crab larvae which would result September 1966 in drastically reduced crab populations in subsequent years. Part of the basis for the concern was. that the landings fell from 6.9 million pounds in the 1961/62 season, imme- diately prior to extensive seismic work, to 4.5 million and 3.5 million pounds, respec- tively, in the immediately succeeding years when much of the oil exploration was con- ducted, It appears now that the decline in landings merely reflected the normal variations in abundance of marine biological populations occasioned by changes in ocean environmen- tal conditions. (Oregon Fish Commission, August 12, 1966.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1966 p. 16. Shrimp GULF AND SOUTH ATLANTIC LANDINGS, 1965: United States commercial shrimp landings (heads-off weight) in the Gulf and South At- lantic States during 1965 totaled 139.6 mil- lion pounds with an ex-vessel value of $81.1 million--an increase of 12 percent in quan- tity and 17 percent in value compared with the previous year. Landings at ports of Texas, Louisiana, and on the west coast of Florida made up 80 percent of the 1965 total catch in the southern states. (Millions of pounds, heads-olf weight) SS eee ‘The indicated annual aupply 1966- 70 wae based on o atraight~1 trend fitted co the 1957-65 date tmPpoRets et et 1935 1960 U.S. shrimp supply, 1950-65 and indicated supply, 1966-70. In 1965, Texas led all other states with total shrimp landings of 48.3 million pounds, followed by Louisiana with 39.8 million pounds, and the Florida West Coast with 23.6 million pounds. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 Brown shrimp again was the leading species landed in Texas (34.3 million pounds), while white shrimp predominated in Louisi- ana (21,2 million white and 18.1 million pounds brown), Pink (21.5 million pounds) shrimp made up the bulk of Florida West Coast landings. A breakdown, by major fishing areas, of the 1965 Gulf catch (excluding the Atlantic areas), shows 12.8 million pounds were taken from Sanibel and Tortugas; 3.4 million pounds from the Apalachicola area; 14.5 million pounds from Pensacola to the Mississippi River; 39.7 million pounds from the Missis- sippi River to Texas; 35.2 million pounds from the Texas coast; 5.0 million pounds from the high seas off the Mexican coast west of 94° W. longitude; 11.3 million pounds from the high seas off Obregon and Campeche; and 1.4 million pounds from the Caribbean Sea south of 21° N. latitude. Note: See ‘Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1966 p. 46. Tuna PACIFIC ALBACORE MIGRATED NORTHWARD EARLY: Continued inshore warming of the ocean region off southern California caused tuna to remain well offshore this past summer and to migrate northward earlier than usual, The staff of the Tuna Forecasting Program, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Tuna Re- sources Laboratory, La Jolla, Calif., had been observing the rapid offshore warmup and earlier had forecast an albacore fishery in the Pacific Northwest commencing in late July 1966. To test the laboratory's predic- tion, a technician was placed aboard the Bu- reau's research vessel David Starr Jordan to troll for albacore while on her regular anchovy-sardine surveys to determine whether or not the fish were moving northward, The first large concentration of fish was found at 35°22' N., 124°51' W. on the morning of July 14 (about 160 miles southwest of Mon- terey) in 61-62° F, water. Subsequently, the David Starr Jordan proceeded to take alba- core in a broad band ae: 220 miles southeast from 36 19'N., 125 °26' W. to 35°07! N., 124°03' W. Earlier, the fishing vessel Sunrise, under charter to the Oregon Fish Commission on a preseason albacore survey, also reported taking 70 albacore along a line extending southward 30 miles 32 from 43°00! N., 127°00' W. (about 120 miles west of Cape Blanco) on July 8, 1966, in 59- 60° F. water. Thus, actual confirmation of early off- shore warming followed by northward-moving albacore was secured by the Tuna Resources Laboratory, in collaboration with the Cali- fornia Current Resources Laboratory and by Oregon Fish Commission biologists. It was believed that the Davidson Seamount region southwest of Monterey should produce com- mercial quantities of albacore by the third week of July, and commercial concentrations of albacore should appear off Eureka and about 100 miles west of Cape Blanco, Oreg., by the fourth week of July. Noter See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1966 p. 52. HK ook ke ke ok AERIAL SURVEY OF WATERS BETWEEN CAPE COD AND CAPE HATTERAS: Biologists of the Sandy Hook Marine Lab- oratory at Highlands, N. J., operated by the Interior Department's Bureau of Sport Fish- eries and Wildlife, reported spotting 5 large schools of tuna between Cape Charles and Assateague Island, Va., on July 18, 1966, during their regular monthly aerial survey of sea surface temperatures and marine ani- mals over the Atlantic shelf waters between Cape Cod and Cape Hatteras. The schools of tuna were located between 2 and 40 miles off the coast. The closest school to the shore was 2 miles due east of Little Inlet, Va. Water temperatures over the shelf ranged from the low 70's off the Virginia- Maryland line to about 80° F. off Cape Hatteras. In addition to the tuna, the biologists observed an unusually high concentration of sea life in the surface waters over that area, There were several species of schooling fishes, giant manta rays, sunfish, sea turtles, and sharks, There were concentrations of ham- merhead sharks 35 miles ENE of Cape Hat- teras, and several schools of dolphin seen feeding on flying fish 130 miles ESE of Cape Henry, Va. ibs FISHERY LANDINGS, 1965: Commercial fishery landings in Virginia in 1965 totaled 503.7 million pounds with an Virginia COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 9 ex-vessel value of $26.8 million as compared with 1964 landings of 465.8 million pounds worth $24.2 million. A total of 121.0 million pounds was foodfish, and the remainder (383.0 million pounds) was used for canned pet food, bait, and for reduction. Heavy landings of menhaden accounted for most of the increase in quantity, while large harvests of oysters, blue crabs, and sea scallops contributed to the increase in value. Menhaden, blue crabs, alewives, and oysters accounted for almost 90 percent of the 1965 landings, POTOMAC RIVER VIRGINIA Virginia fishing areas. Virginia's menhaden landings in 1965 totaled 350.9 million pounds with an ex-ves- sel value of $5.2 million as against 330.2 million pounds in 1964 (ex-vessel value $4.7 million), Blue crab landings in 1965 totaled 51.6 million pounds in quantity with an ex-vessel value of $4.2 million--down 1.8 percent in quantity but up 8.2 percent in value. The 1965 harvest of market oysters amounted to 12.6 million pounds with an ex- vessel value of $10.3 million--down 11.2 per- cent in quantity and 0.8 percent in value from 1964, Nearly 1.1 million bushels of seed oys- ters valued at $1.4 million were harvested during the year, In 1965, landings of sea scallop meats amounted to 2.8 million pounds valued at $1.7 million; only 193,600 pounds were landed during 1964. Large beds of sea scallops were found off Cape Henry and scallop dredgers from as far away as Maine and Canada came to harvest the scallops. September 1966 The leading food finfish items landed in 1965 were alewives (36.2 million pounds), swellfish (10.5 million pounds), and sea bass (4.8 million pounds). Other finfish landings topping the million-pound mark were scup, butterfish, striped bass, fluke, croaker, spot, sea trout, and shad, > x ees. aA Washington SALMON FINGERLINGS PLANTED ON YAKIMA INDIAN RESERVATION: Some 50,000 fingerling spring chinook salmon were planted in the Klickitat River on the Yakima Indian Reservation by the Fish and Wildlife Service in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Department of the Interior announced, The young salmon were raised by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife at the Willard National Fish Hatchery in Washington and were transported to the Klickitat River by truck. The young fish were released about mid- August 1966 into the river at the McCormick Meadows area above Castile Falls on the slopes of Mount Adams in southwestern Washington in an effort to populate the upper reaches of the stream with natural-spawning adult fish. Fisheries biologists expect that the fingerlings, after journeying to the ocean, will return as mature fish in 2 or 3 years to the spot where they were released, “There is every reason to expect that, with man's assistance, the Klickitat River will ultimately become one of the great pro- ducers of spring chinook salmon," said Dr. L. Edward Perry, director of the Columbia River Program Office of Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, The Klickitat River has many miles of natural spawning and rearing areas suitable for spring chinook salmon and is one of the last great undammed, undiverted and unpol- luted natural streams of the Northwest. Klickitat Hatchery, on the river, was con- structed by the Federal Government and is operated by the Washington Department of Fisheries. It provides hatchery-raised coho (silver) and spring and fall chinook to aug- ment the natural run of salmon in the river. Under the Columbia River Fishery Devel- opment Program of Interior's Fish and Wild- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 life Service, fishways have been constructed at the mouth of the river and at the Castile Falls in the headwaters to facilitate move- ment of fish into that watershed. The planting of 50,000 fingerlings is aimed at increasing fish population in the upper reaches. It raises to about 250,000 the num- ber of fingerlings planted in the Klickitat in 1966 by the Fish and Wildlife Service. KERBS® 3 ~ 2 My, ( pS dpe Salmon SALMON CAN PERPETUATE THEMSELVES IN NEW ENVIRONMENT The results of a 12-year BCF experiment on the Wind River in southwest Washington show that adult spring chinook salmon of un- known origin can be captured on the Columbia River while returning to their birthplaces to spawn, be transferred to a tributary, andthere establish a new "run" of salmon that will per- petuate themselves. The experiment involved trapping salmon at Bonneville Dam on the Columbia each year from 1955-1963 and trucking them 30 miles to the Carson National Fish Hatchery on the Wind River. The fish were spawned artifi- cially at the hatchery and 2 years later re- leased into the river to start the long migra- tion to the ocean. From 1959-1966, increas- ing numbers of salmon fought their way back upstream to their hatchery birthplace. The information gained from the experi- ment will help to preserve and enhance the anadromous fish population in the Pacific Northwest and other areas. me COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 U. S. Fishing Vessels APPROVE 63% OF REQUESTS FOR VESSEL CONSTRUCTION SUBSIDY Nearly 63 percent of the applications for subsidies under the U.S. Fishing Fleet Im- provement Act from August 30, 1964, to July 31, 1966, have been approved, reports BCF's Branch of Loans and Grants. The Act provides for paying construction- differential subsidies to help build fishing vessels of advanced design. The vessels must be capable of fishing in expanded areas and using newly developed gear. They must not be operated in a fishery if they willcause economic hardship to vessel operators al- ready there. The subsidy is equal to the difference in cost of building vessel in U. S. shipyard and estimated cost in foreign yard. The maxi- mum subsidy is 50 percent of domestic cost. The Act provides for public hearings be- fore approval of application. The Maritime Administrator and Defense Secretary must approve it. Applications Processed or Being Processed Between August 30, 1964, and July 31, 1966 Subsidy Amount!/ & 16, 987, 000 Applications received . Applications withdrawn before hearing Hearingsheld ...... Applications approved afterhearing....... Applications withdrawn or dismissed after hearing Vessels under construction , Vessels completed 2, 382, 500 9,921,500 697,500 941,529 273,029 1/The amount of subsidy listed is an estimated amount in all cases except for completed vessels. Study Fish Oil Quality for Paints The Seattle Technological Laboratory is cooperating with the technical committee of the Pacific Northwest Society for Paint Tech- nology to expand the acceptability and use of fish oils in protective coatings, the field of 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW their largest single domestic use. The com- mittee, called the Paint Club, will explore the application of several different fish oils in manufacturing alkyd resins. The resins then will be used as vehicles to formulate differ - ent paints--which will be tested and evaluated against a standard acceptable to the paint in- dustry. Methyl esters of menhaden, hake, herring, and albacore oils have been prepared for fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography. The data, and other routine analyses pertinent to paint, will be given the Paint Club. The re- searchers are trying to relate fish oil quality to formulation of the paint. The industry pe- riodically suffers serious losses when, for no apparent reason, a particular lot of fish oil fails during paint manufacture. If the problem can be related to quality by lot anal- ysis, the paint industry would accept fish oil much more readily. Study Container for Air Shipping Fresh Fish Scientists of the Gloucester Technological Laboratory met with officials of Trans World and United airlines to discuss problems in air shipping fishery products and the potenti- al value to the fresh fish industry of expand- ing air shipments. Both airlines have pro- moted this in areas where salt water fish previously were unavailable and report good market possibilities. More promotion may be necessary, particularly in the far Midwest. Both airlines have tried to develop a con- tainer system for fresh fillets without very satisfactory results. BCF can help here. It has already given them data on the thermal performance of insulated containers packed with gel refrigerant and the effects of tem- perature upon quality. A complication in the Vol. 28, No. 10 container system desien is that fillet tins leak. Although this is intolerable for air freight, the New England industry has not yet adopted a substitute--the flexible polyethylene bags used in the Northwest. United has offered to make its facilities available to the Gloucester staff at no cost to conduct any project work involving air ship- ping. Interest Rate on Fishery Loans Raised to 6 Percent The Department of the Interior raised the: interest rate on fishery loans from 53 per- cent to 6 percent effective October 1, 1966. Secretary Stewart L. Udall said the increase was required by law to make the rate at least equal to the average market yield on other public loans of comparable maturity. Director Donald L. McKernan said the loan program was established by a section of the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, which au- thorizes the Secretary of the Interior to make loans for financing and refinancing operations of commercial fishing vessels and their gear. Another provision of the loan fund legisla- tion states that the purchaser of a new vessel must not cause economic injury to efficient vessel operators working in the area where the new vessel will be used. Director McKernan said the loan program has filled the credit gap for fishermen. It has insured continued operation of their ves- sels and it is helping to upgrade and modern- ize the commercial fishing fleet of the United States. ~ October 1966 FEDERAL ACTIONS Department of the Interior ADOPTS YELLOWFIN TUNA REGULATIONS The Department of the Interior has adopted regulations to carry out recommendations of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commis- sion (IATTC) designed to conserve the yel- lowfin tuna resources of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. The IATTC, meeting in Guayaquil, Ecua- dor, April 19-20, 1966, recommended a total catch of 79,300 short tons during calendar 1966. It believes this limit will restore the stock to a maximum sustainable yield of about 91,000 tons annually within 3 years. Interior's regulations became effective September 15, 1966, and the season closed on that date. Vessels that departed on fishing voyages after September 15 may not have on board or land yellowfin tuna in excess of 15 percent by weight of all tuna taken on thetrip. The yellowfin season will reopen on January 1, 1967. The regulations include restrictions ap- plicable to fishing and cargo vessels and pur - chasers, reports and recordkeeping, persons and vessels exempted, and Fish and Wildlife Service and State officers designated as en- forcement agents. The regulations appear in the Federal Register, September 10, 1966, pp. 11938-11944. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1966 p. 103. HELPS ATLANTIC COAST OYSTER INDUSTRY Interior Department has acted to help re- store the hard-hit oyster beds of Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York. Secretary Stewart L. Udall said about $100,000 of Federal money is available under P.L. 88-309 of 1964 for research and such other activities that may be necessary to de- velop and propagate disease-resistant strains of oysters. The States must share one-third the cost of the projects. The 1964 law pro- vides that the Secretary may give up to $400,000 to aid the industry when he deter - mines that a commercial fishery failure was due to a resource disaster. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 Secretary Udall said: ''The oyster mor- tality problem, due to natural and undeter- mined causes, presents a continuing threat to the economic stability of the remaining oyster industry in the five States involved." The oyster problem began in 1957 and virtually wiped out stocks in Delaware Bay and Lower Chesapeake Bay. The disease-re-_ lated deaths extended to oysters in other parts of Chesapeake Bay and to the Great South Bay of New York in 1965. These areas, Secretary Udall said, 'face the prospect of an inade- quate supply of marketable oysters for the 1967-1968 period." ok ok Ok Ok APPLICATIONS FOR FISHING VESSEL LOANS The following applications were received for loans fromthe U. S, Fisheries Loan Fund to help finance the purchase of fishing vessels: Samuel Martin, Box 104, Seldonia, Alaska 99663, for a used vessel to fish for salmon, halibut, and crab. BCF published notice of application in Federal Register, August 20, 1966. Richard N. Johnson, 14911 Washington St. SW., Tacoma, Wash. 98498, for a used 37- foot registered length wood vessel to fish for salmon, albacore, and Dungeness crab. No- tice published September 3, 1966. Levi McKinley, 1300 No. 2-A West Ninth, Juneau, Alaska 99801, for a used 34.7-foot registered length vessel to fish for halibut, salmon, and black cod. Notice published Sep- tember 8, 1966. Regulations and procedures governing fish- ery loans have been revised and no longer re- quire an applicant for a new- or used-vessel loan to replace an existing vessel (Public Law 89-85; Fisheries Loan Fund Procedures--50 CFR Part 250, revised August 11, 1965). Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1966 p. 78. 3 OK Ok ook Ok APPLICATIONS FOR VESSEL CONSTRUCTION SUBSIDY The following firms have applied for fish- ing vessel construction differential subsidies: 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Boat Seafarer, Inc., New Bedford, Mass., a 90-foot overall wooden vessel, for scallops, groundfish, flounder, and lobster. BCF pub- lished notice of hearing in Federal Register, September 3, 1966. Nicholas Rosa, 5207 Avenue T, Brooklyn, N. Y. 11223, a 50-foot overall length alumi- num vessel to fish for lobster and crabs. Notice of hearing published September 17, 1966. Clyde R. Potter, Belhaven, N. C., 86-foot overall steel vessel, for butterfish, flounder, porgies, sea bass, sea trout, swordfish, lob- ster, scallops, and shrimp, including royal red shrimp. Notice of hearing published September 3, 1966. Harlan Truitt Murphy, Davis, N. C., foot overall length steel vessel to fish for flounder, sea trout, porgies, king whiting, swordfish, croaker, shrimp (including royal red shrimp), scallops, and lobster. Notice of hearing published September 8, 1966. 86 - NEW ANADROMOUS FISH PROGRAM CLARIFIED The proposed regulations for a new Fed- eral program to conserve and develop the Nation's anadromous fish resources were clarified and published in the Federal Regis- ter, September 10, 1966, the effective date. They set forth the procedures the Interior Secretary will use whenhe provides financial and other assistance, through cooperative agreements, to State agencies and other non- Federal interests. The purpose of the assist- ance is to conserve, develop, and enhance the commercial and sport anadromous fish resources of the Nation--and Great Lakes fish that ascend streams to spawn, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1966 p. 105. Can OF Tp ‘> oS Eighty-Ninth Congress (Second Session) Reported below are public bills and reso- lutions that may directly or indirectly affect the fisheries and allied industries. Introduc- Vol. 28, No. 10 tion, referral to committees, pertinent leg- islative actions by the House and Senate, and signature into law or other final disposition are covered. COMMERCIAL FISHERY RESOURCES SURVEY Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of House Committee on Mer- chant Marine and Fisheries held hearing on S. J. Res. 29, Aug. 24, 1966, toauthorize and direct Secretary of the Interior to survey coastal and fresh-water commercial fishery resources of the United States, itsterritories, and possessions. Commissioner C. F. Pautzke testified. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of House Committee on Mer- chant Marine and Fisheries, Sept. 1, 1966, met in executive session and deferred further action on S. J. Res. 29, to authorize and di- rect the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a survey of the coastal and fresh-water com- mercial fishery resources ofthe United States. COMMODITY PACKAGING AND LABELING House Committee on Interstate and For- eign Commerce, Aug. 16-17 and 23-24, 1966, continued hearings on H.R. 15440 and related bills. Purpose of bills: to regulate interstate and foreign commerce by preventing use of unfair or deceptive methods of packaging or labeling of certain consumer commodities. Testimony from public witnesses. House Committee on Interstate and For- eign Commerce, Sept. 7, 1966, continued hear - ings on H.R. 15440, and related bills, the pro- posed Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. Harold E. Crowther, Deputy Director, BCF, testified. ESTUARINE AREAS--NATIONAL SYSTEM OF ESTUARINE AREA Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of House Committee on Mer- October 1966 chant Marine and Fisheries met in executive session Aug. 25, 1966, and approved for full committee action H.R. 13447 (amended). This would authorize Secretary of the Interi- or, in cooperation with States, to preserve, protect, develop, restore, and make accessi- ble estuarine areas of the Nation which are valuable for sport and commercial fishing, wildlife conservation, recreation, and scenic beauty. FISHERMEN'S COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION BANK S. 3743 (Magnuson) introduced in Senate Aug. 18, 1966. It would, primarily, provide credit facilities for fishermen's cooperative associations by establishing a Bank for Fish- ermen's Cooperative Association; to Com- mittee on Commerce. Sen. Magnuson said that present provisions of the fisheries loan fund regulations are of only limited value in as- sisting the financial operation of fishery co- operatives. Similar to H.R. 8922. FISHERY PERMIT FEES S. 3793 (Kuchel) introduced in Senate Sept. 1, 1966. Purpose: to authorize Secretary of the Interior to reimburse part of certain fishery permit fees paid to foreign countries by U.S. fishermen; to Committee on Com- merce, Sen. Kuchel (Congressional Record, Sept. 1, 1966, pp. 20642-20643) stated he proposed this following consultation with representa- tives of fishing industry. Would authorize Interior Secretary to reimburse citizens of United States for part of fishery permit fees they paid any foreign country during employ - ment of American vessels in a traditional fishery of the United States. The cost of this payment would be financed from gross re- ceipts of custom duties collected on fish and fisheries products entering the United States. FISHING LIMIT OF 12 MILES H. R. 17046 (Rep. Hansen of Wash.) intro- duced it in House, Aug. 15, 1966, to establish fishing zones of the United States beyond its territorial seas, and for other purposes; to Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisher - ies. Sen Magnuson spoke in Senate (Congres- sional Record, Aug. 29, 1966, pp. 20245- 20247), on need for 12-mile fishery zone. He has asked Departments of State and Interior to reexamine their positions of last May in light of new realities. He stated that the 12- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17 mile fishery legislation is late--but it can still be in time to save thousands of tons of valuable marine resources and to reserve 12,000 square miles of potential fishery area as part of our American heritage. Rep. Pelly spoke in House (Congressional Record, Aug. 30, 1966, p. 20408), on Associ- ated Press dispatch indicating Korean Gov- ernment wanted to establish fishing rights before entering into agreements with other nations (including United States, Canada, Ja- pan). He said 49 nations have established 12-mile fishery jurisdictions. Only 15 na- tions, including the U. S., still claim 3 miles. Ten nations claim more than 3 but less than 12--and17 nations, including Korea, claim more than 12. Pelly said 12-mile fishery zone is needed to protect our coastal fisher- ies and give American fishermen some pro- tection against foreign fishing vessels. He predicted a 12-mile fishing zone bill will be reported favorably by House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. In Senate, Sept. 6, Sen. Magnuson spoke on objections by segments of American fishing industry that 12-mile bill before Congress will adversely affect present relations with South American nations off whose shores they presently fish. He said that taking a strong position in behalf of America's fish- ermen by reserving this additional 9-mile protective and conservation zone will assist immeasurably in our international negotia- tions on fisheries questions, FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE PLANTS H.R. 16619 (Downing) July 28, to author - ize Secretary of the Interior to develop, through experiment and demonstration plants, practicable and economic means for produc - tion by commercial fishing industry of fish protein concentrate; to Committee on Mer- chant Marine and Fisheries. The Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wild- life Conservation of House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries held hearing Aug. 16, 1966, on H. R. 12269, and related bills, regarding fish protein concentrate (FPC). D. L. McKernan, Director, BCF, testified. Said FPC can prove to be a valu- able and practicable means of supplementing our foreign policy; of increasing protein in- take of our citizens and improving the over- all health of our Nation; and of fostering growth of our fish industry. He stated this bill is similar to Senate-passed S, 2720. 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of House Committee on Mer- chant Marine and Fisheries met in executive session Aug. 30, 1966, and continued consid- eration of H. R. 12269, and related bills. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of House Committee on Mer- chant Marine and Fisheries met in executive session Aug. 31, 1966, and approved for full committee action S. 2720 (amended). FOREIGN FISHING OFF U. S. COASTS Sen. Morse spoke in Senate, Congressional Record, Aug. 16, 1966 (pp. 18694-18696), an article in July 20 Portland Oregonian con- cerning the boarding of two Soviet fishing vessels off Washington State by Coast Guard. The text is printed in Record. FUR SEAL CONSERVATION AND PRIBILOF ISLANDS ADMINISTRATION Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of House Committee on Mer- chant Marine and Fisheries held hearing Aug. 24,1966, on H.R. 9602 andS,. 2102. Pur- pose of bills: to protect and conserve North Pacific fur seals and to administer Pribilof Islands for conservation of fur seals and oth- er wildlife. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of House Committee on Mer- chant Marine and Fisheries met in executive session Aug. 30, 1966--considered but de- ferred action on H. R. 9602, andrelatedbills. GATT TRADE NEGOTIATIONS Rep. Curtis spoke in House on Kennedy Round of trade negotiations now in progress under General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in Geneva. JELLYFISH-CONTROL ELIMINATION IN COASTAL WATERS OF U. S. S. 3744 (Brewster) introduced in Senate Aug. 18, 1966, to provide for control or elim- ination of jellyfish and other such pests in coastal waters to Committee on Commerce. Sen. Brewster noted in Congressional Record, Aug. 18, 1966 (p. 18937), that this is com- panion bill to H. R. 11475. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of House Committee on Mer- chant Marine and Fisheries met inexecutive session Aug. 25,1966, and approved for full committee action H. R. 11475 (amended). Vol. 28, No. 10 METRIC SYSTEM STUDY House Committee on Rules, Aug. 25, 1966, denied a rule on S. 774, This authorizes Sec- retary of Commerce to make a study to de- termine advantages and disadvantages of in- creased use of the metric system in the Unit- ed States. H. Res. 998 (Miller) introduced in House Aug. 31, 1966. Resolution provides for con- sideration of S. 774. MINIMUM WAGE Hearing before Committee on Rules, House of Representatives, on H.R. 13712. This isa bill to amend Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to extend protection to additional em- ployees, raise minimum wage, etc. Part III, Apr. 26, 1966, 75 pp., printed. Contents in- clude statement by congressman and discus- sion by committee members. S. Rept. 1487, Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1966 (Aug. 23, 1966, report from Committee on Labor and Public Wel- fare, U. S. Senate, to accompany H. R. 13712), 80 pp., printed. Committee reported favor - ably with an amendment. Discusses back- ground, purpose, major provisions, section- by-section analysis, and changes in existing law. Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare in executive session, ordered favor- ably reported, with an amendment in the na- ture of a substitute, H. R. 13712. Senate Aug. 26, 1966, passed H. R. 13712, to amend Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. The Senate rejected Amendment No. 771 by Sen. Thurmond, which would add to existing exemptions individuals in shelling of shellfish such as oysters and crabs. House Aug. 30, 1966, disagreed with Sen- ate amendments to H. R. 13712, agreed tocon- ference with Senate; appointed conferees. Conferees met in executive session Aug. 31, 1966, to resolve differences between the Senate- and House-passed versions of H. R. UST Alor Conferees in executive session Sept. 1, 1966, agreed to file conference report on dif- ferences between Senate- and House-passed versions of H. R. 13712. October 1966 OCEANOGRAPHY Rep. Rogers spoke in House (Congression- al Record, Aug. 18, 1966, p. 19040) on re- marks of Vice President Humphrey, Aug. 17, as Chairman of the National Council on Marine Resources and Engineering De- velopment. The Vice President stated he plans to visit all of the Nation's oceano- graphic centers. Sen. Jackson inserted in Congressional Rec - ord, Aug. 25, 1966 (pp. 19705-19706), article from July 30, 1966, issue of the Marin magazine describing progress by Geological Survey and Bureau of Mines in establishing the foundation for future marine mining industry. Rep. Sickles spoke in the House (Congres- sional Record, Aug. 30, 1966, pp. 20430- 20431), concerning oceanography. Said that since 1959, with release of the National Acad- emy of Science's key report, ''Oceanography 1960 to 1970,'"' Congress has been keenly in- terested. He hopes there will soon be new and amazing breakthroughs in this science. OIL POLLUTION OF THE SEA Senate Aug. 17, 1966, reported (S. Rept. 1479) on H. R. 8760, to implement provisions of International Convention for the Preven- tion of the Pollution of the Sea by Oil. Senate Aug. 19, 1966, passed without amendment and cleared for President H. R. 8760. RESEARCH CONTRACTS The Senate Committee on Interior and In- sular Affairs in executive session Aug. 23, 1966, ordered favorably reported with amend- ment 8. 3460, a bill to authorize Secretary of the Interior to enter into contracts for scien- tific and technological research. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, Aug. 25, 1966, reported (S. Rept. 1523), with amendments, on S. 3460. Senate Aug. 29, 1966, passed with amend- ment, S. 3460. The text printed in Congres- sional Record, Aug. 29, 1966 (pp. 20160- 20161), with excerpt from committee report (No. 1523) explaining purposes. SEA GRANT COLLEGES Hearing before subcommittee on Oceanog- raphy of House Committee on Merchant Ma- rine and Fisheries, June 13, 1966, on H. R. 15192, H. R. 15471, and H. R. 15569. These COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 are bills to amend title II of Merchant Ma- rine Act, 1936, to authorize establishment and operation of Sea Grant Colleges and cer- tain education, training, and research pro- grams. House Committee on Rules, Aug. 23, grant- ed an open rule with 1 hour of debate on H.R. 16559, House Aug. 24, 1966, reported (H. Rept. 1881), H. Res. 982, a resolution providing for consideration of H.R. 16559. Extending his remarks, Rep. Wydler in- serted in Congressional Record, Sept. 8, 1966 (p. A4713), editorial of WHLI (a radio stationon Long Island) on Sea Grant College bill (H. R. 16559). WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT Introduced in House H. R. 17067 (O'Neill of Mass.) Aug. 15, 1966, H. R. 17082 (Cahill) Aug 16, and H. R. 17369 (Horton) Aug. 26, to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act in order to improve and make more ef- fective certain programs pursuant to such act; to Committee on Public Works. House Committee on Public Works met in executive session Aug. 18, 1966, and ordered reported favorably to the House H. R. 16070 (amended). WATER RESOURCE PROPOSALS-- FEASIBILITY INVESTIGATIONS Conferees met in executive session Aug. 15, 1966, to resolve differences between the Senate- and House-passed versions of 8. 3034. This authorizes feasibility studies of certain water resource development proposals. No final agreement. To meet again Aug. 16. Committee on Conference, Aug. 23, 1966, filed a conference report (H. Rept. 1865) on S. 3034, printed in Congressional Record, Aug. 23, 1966 (pp. 19473-19476), with House managers! explanation of significant differ - ences between the two Houses. House, Aug. 24, 1966, adopted the confer - ence report on S. 3034. Sept. 7, 1966, the President signed into law S. 3034 (P. L. 89-561). WORLD HUNGER Senate Committee on Agriculture and For- estry in executive session Aug. 24, 1966, or- 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW dered favorably reported, with amendment in the nature of substitute bill, H. R. 14929. Bill is designed to promote international trade in agricultural commodities--to combat hunger and further economic development. As ap- proved by committee, bill would authorize $1.9 billion for each of calendar years 1967 and 1968 for sales in foreign currency, and $600 million for each year for donations. Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, Aug. 25, 1966, reported (S. Rept. 1527, with amendment, on H. R. 14929. Senate, Aug. 26, 1966, began consideration of H. R. 14929. Text of bill reported by Com- mittee on Agriculture and Forestry printed in Congressional Record, Aug. 26, 1966 (pp. 19995-19999). As reported by Senate, bill will be cited as Food for Peace Act rather than Food for Freedom Act. It includes fish- ery products under definition of agricultural commodities. Senate, Aug. 29, 1966, continued consider- ation of H. R. 14929, the proposed Food for Peace Act of 1966. Sen. Bartlett spoke in Senate, Congressional Record, Aug. 29, 1966 Vol. 28, No. 10 (pp. 20242-20244), expressing satisfaction that fish is included. Senate, Aug. 31, 1966, passed after adop- tion of committee amendment (in the nature of a substitute as amended) H. R. 14929, pro- posed Food for Peace Act of 1966. Senate in- sisted on its amendments to the bill; asked for conference with House and appointed con- ferees. House, Sept. 8, 1966, disagreed with Sen- ate amendments to H. R. 14929, agreed toa conference, and appointed conferees. REPORT ON FISHERY ACTIONS IN 89TH CONGRESS The U. S. Department of the Interior's Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries has prepared a leaflet on status of most legislation of inter - est to commercial fisheries at the end of 1st session, 89th Congress. For copies of MNL- 3, ‘Legislative Actions Affecting Commercial Fisheries, 89th Congress, 1st Session 1965," write to Fishery Market News Service, Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 N. Fort Myer Drive, Rm. 510, Arlington, Va. 22209. pressure by a one-fourth watt resistor. the valves. MECHANICAL FISH TO AID OCEANOGRAPHERS In operation, the mechanical fish will be dropped over the side of amoving shipin a man- ner permitting itto attain greatdepth. As the vehicle falls, a temperature depthrecord will automatically be plotted on the deck via a standard low-cost steel cable. the fish can be activated to gather a sample at any given point. The sampling device contains a plastic bottle, of about two-quart capacity, with spring- loaded ball valves at each end. The valves are held in the open position against spring Upon receiving an electric impulse along the tow cable, an internal capacitor is discharged through this resistor, breaking it, and releasing Electronic components consist of temperature and pressure probes, their respective oscillators, anda mixer-line drive amplifier. A resonant-reed relay is used to sense the command signal from the deck thereby activating the sampling device. A mechanical fish, designed for taking deep-water samples by oceangoing vessels while underway, has been developed by the Instrumentation Center of the U.S. Naval Oceano- graphic Office, Suitland, Md. The apparatus is devised especially for use by commercial ships employed to collect oceanographic data without interference to their normal activities. On the way up, FEATURES WILLAPA OYSTER STUDIES--USE OF THE PASTURE HARROW FOR THE CULTIVATION OF OYSTERS By Clyde S. Sayce* and Charles C. Larson** The English pasture harrow is used in oyster cultivation to break apart and scatter clusters of oysters. It is also used to prepare oysters for harvest by loosening them from the substrate and removing fouling growth. An area of the Long Island Oyster Reserve, Willapa Bay, Wash., was divided into a controland three lanes to test the effect of the harrow upon Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas), The control was un- dragged, lane 1 was dragged once, lane 2 ten times, and lane 3 three times. Condition of samples of oysters was determined for each lane every week during dragging and once each month for 6 months after completion of the experiment. The experiment showed that Pacific oysters spawned shortly after being dragged while undragged oysters spawned later, Total mortality of oysters dragged 10 times was no higher than that of oysters dragged once only. Dragging oysters once and 3 times increased Pacific oyster spatfall 3 and 5 times, respectively, but dragging more than 3 times did not increase spatfall further. INTRODUCTION Farm harrows, both disc and tooth, modified plows, and oyster and clam dredges have been used in Long Island Sound, New York, to aid the cultivation of oysters by burying oyster drills. Inthe gradual mechanization of the oyster industry of Willapa Bay, Wash., straight- tooth drags, spring-tooth harrows, and tractor harrows were tried and discarded while the pasture harrow has been used most successfully in cultivation of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). The commercially available English pas- ture harrow is used by farmers to break up dirt clods in pasture leveling. This harrow is formed of triangular-shaped linkages with a 4-inch long tooth at the base of each leg. The legs are about 8 inches long and adjacent links are held together by a loop at the apex of the triangle and rings at each leg. This arrange- ment gives a loose linkage of triangles made of 4-inch diameter rod with 4-inch teeth spaced 4 to 6 inches apart; rows are 6 to7 inches apart (fig. 1). The toothed harrow sec- tion is 10 feet wide and 6 feet long, has a total length of 10 feet, including weights and towing bar, and has a total weight of about 250 pounds. (Fig. 2). Fig. 1 -Detailof the linkage of teeth of the English pasture harrow. The first use of this harrow in Willapa Photo by C. S. Sayce) Bay was to break apart clusters of growing *Fisheries Biologist, Washington Department of Fisheries, Willapa Shellfish Laboratory, Ocean Park, Wash. **Assistant District Biologist, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. Note: The material for this article is from the overall Economic Development Administration (EDA) Technical Assistance Project No. 627, Oyster Research, Pacific County, Wash., performed under Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Contract No. 14-17-0007-218. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 772 21 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 10 oysters and scatter them more evenly over the ground. The cultivation was during the second summer after planting of seed, and during the following year if oyster growth and thickness of the planting appeared to warrant it. This procedure has virtually eliminated breaking and scattering by hand during low tide and has saved the grower considerable expense. The harrow is dragged from an "'A'' frame mounted on either an oyster scow or a tow boat and raised and lowered by winch, powered or un- powered. Only one person, the boat operator, is usually neededfor either arrangement, since the harrow may be dragged continuously ex- cept when beds are heavily covered with eel grass or moss. At such times, an additional man is needed to raise the harrow frequently Fig. 2 - A two-section English pasture harrow hanging from an "A" for cleaning (fig. 3). frame on a 10- by 30-foot oyster barge. (Photo by C. S. Sayce) Two methods of dragging permit com- plete coverage of an oyster bed without ex- cessive dragging over some parts and none over others. One method is to circle the bed continuously, reducing the radius one width of the harrow at each circuit. The other is to begin at one corner and drag forth and back along the oyster bed moving over one harrow width each time. This system of dragging requires a small, tight turning circle at the end of the oyster bed or off the end (if space is available) or lifting the harrow at the end of each crossing. This disadvantage, as com- pared with continuously circling the oyster bed, is compensated by the advantage of more ; ae precise control of the amount of harrowing Fig. 3 - A single-section English pasture harrow suspended froma any given portion receives; additionally, it is Reda ec omysb owing) celigrassidiagged on Be OEP ers easy to harrow ona line perpendicular to the Lima Pfirstiones The ground type, its position in reference to prevailing winds and tides, and amount of harrowing needed should be considered when a decision is made about the procedure. Oysters that are partially buried may be pulled out of the ground to the surface without excessive damage to them. This action is desirable to raise buried oysters following storms or just prior to harvest to loosen them in preparation for pickup by an oyster dredge. In ac- tion, the harrow digs out and tumbles oysters cleaning them of mud and fouling organisms. It is used, therefore, to clean shell cultch just before an impending spatfall. OBJECTIVE Use of the harrow in oyster farming has increased during the past few years, but its ef- fect upon oysters has not been investigated. This paper describes an experiment in Willapa, Bay, Wash., conducted between July 8, 1964 and March 13, 1965, by the staff of the Washington Department of Fisheries, Willapa Bay Shellfish Laboratory, to evaluate the use of the pasture harrow upon Pacific oysters. METHODS A natural bed on Long Island State Oyster Reserve in southern Willapa Bay was chosen for this experiment (fig. 4). The ground, composed of a mixture of soft mud and old, native October 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 Ss ‘a 1s E< Fig. 4 - A view looking north at the Cultivation Experiment 1 tract on Long Island State Oyster Reserve in southern Willapa Bay, Wash. (Photo by C. S. Sayce) oyster shell, appeared to be more firm in the area where Pacific oysters were concentrated. The oysters were old (5+ years), clustered, and partially buried. The tract was laid out in four rectangular lanes 65 by 200 feet with the length running parallel to the reserve line from monument 68 to 69 in a northwest-south- east direction. The plots were designated | control lane, lane 1, lane 2, and lane 3 (fig. 5), and surveys of each lane were made before, during, and after dragging. About 25 percent of the area had an eel grass cover; the growth was heaviest in the control lane and lane 3. Fig. S - Arrangement of lanes for Cultivation Experiment 1. Table 1 - Mean Number of Live Oysters, Loose Shells, and Clusters Per Square Yard for All Lanes of Cultivation Experiment 1 1964 uly 23 1965 March 13 1 2 3 Control ae A square-yard frame was used to sample Fig. 6 - The square-yard sampler used for making a systematic areas at regular intervals along a diagonal line count of live and dead oysters, amount of shell, and number + - ore 3 of clusters. The line of cedar stakes indicates locations to be bisecting each lane. Within the square-yard RGTRe (Phots by Cy Callaean) sample area, all live and dead oysters, number of clusters, oysters per cluster, and loose(single) shells were counted (fig. 6, table1). Gaping oysters were counted as dead, and special note was made of dead oysters which had broken or punctured shells (fig. 7). Records of temperature, salinity, and turbidity of the water were tabulated during the experiment and counts of oyster larvae were taken in the overlying waters during the spawning and setting season. Following completion of dragging and after the spatfall, shell samples from each lane were checked to determine the effect of dragging upon the setting of Pacific oysters. The experiment began with a predragging survey of all lanes. 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 10 The first survey and collection of sam- ples for determination of oyster condition was @ BROKEN SHELL on July 8, 1964. Experimental harrowing be- (0 UNBROKEN SHELL gan July 23 when each of the lanes 1, 2, and 3 was dragged once. The control lane was never dragged, lane 1 was dragged only once, lane 2 was dragged once each week for 10 weeks, and lane 3 was dragged during the be- ginning, middle and last week (total of 3 times). A sample of 20 oysters was taken weekly from each lane immediately before the dragging and, after completion of experimental dragging, monthly for 6 months until March 1, 1965 (table 2). Dragging produced some changes in the condition of oysters. N=58 Condition of oysters! / in all lanes was similar before dragging, ranging from 7.2 in lane 3 to 8.0 in the control lane. The condi- tion of control-lane oysters (9.4) on August 6 indicated ripe, ready to spawn oysters; con- dition then immediately dropped to a very low value (3.8) on August 11 after spawning. Re- covery was rapid but erratic and at the end of the sampling period (March 1, 1965), control- lane oysters had the lowest condition (3.9) n az <4 — — The 153-foot Tuna Clipper Jugoatlantik which is first of 3 U. S.- style Yugoslavian tuna vessels to arrive in West African waters. (Photo by Regional Fisheries Attache) The Yugoslavs plan to land the catches of the 3 tuna vessels at Abidjan, Monrovia, Freetown, and Dakar--depending on which port is closer to area of operations. (U.S. Embassy, Abidjan.) a =H i i | oe — ASIA Japan FROZEN TUNA EXPORTS TO U.S. RISE The Japan Frozen Foods Exporters Asso- ciation reports that 35,595 short tons of fro- zen tuna were exported to the United States April-June 1966--compared to 32,782 tons for the same period in 1965. Exports of tuna to overseas bases, such as American Samoa, increased substantially from 1,990 short tons in 1965 to 6,293 tons in 1966. (Suisan Tsu- shin.) Japanese Frozen Tuna Exports, April-June 1966 Overseas Other Total * | Bases |Countries| *°'* « (Short Tons) .} . (Metric Tons) . p Gilled ana gutted, dressed, and fillets, KOR KK Vol. 28, No. 10 ALBACORE SEASON POOR, SKIPJACK EXCELLENT The 1966 summer pole-and-line albacore tuna fishery ended poorly as predicted. The season's landings were a low 18,000 metric tons through June. Total landings are actual- ly less because the 18,000 figure includes 3,000 tons of ''spring albacore"' taken far off- shore (mainly east of 145° E. longitude be- tween 320-359 N. latitude) in March and April before the summer fishery started. Landings were 42,000 tons in 1965, 24,000 in 1964, and 26,000 in 1963. The short supply of albacore pushed ex- vessel prices inJapan to a high level. Prices held steady around 171 yen akilogram (US$431 a short ton) compared to the 1965 average price of 102 yen akilogram($257 a short ton). In contrast, 1966 is an excellent year for skipjack. Landings at the principal tuna port of Yaizu for January-June 1966 totaled 29,048 metric tons--16,568 tons more than the 1965 catch for the same period. Skipjack fishing off the Sanriku coast (northeastern Japan) was reported very good. It was forecast that the summer catch there may easily exceed 70,000- 80,000 metric tons--far surpassing last year's catch of 40,000 tons. (Suisancho Nippo; Kat- suo-Maguro Tsushin, and other sources.) Ma, Ge bit eed ess SOUTH KOREA AND TAIWAN PACIFIC TUNA CATCH TO TOP JAPAN'S South Korea and Formosa willsurpass Ja- pan in landings from the Pacific tuna fishing grounds. (Fisheries Attache, U. S. Embassy, Tokyo, from Suisan Keizai.) A survey by the Frozen Tuna Export Asso- ciation produced these figures for 1966: Landings of Tuna Country . (Metric Tons).. October 1966 PURSE-SEINES TUNA IN EASTERN ATLANTIC The 90-gross -ton tuna purse seiner Hakuryu Maru found good fishing. One of two vessels contracted this year by a Japanese firm to fish the eastern Atlantic Ocean, she began in late June. As of July 20, she had landed 140 metric tons--skipjack and yellowfin in about equal quantities. The second purse seiner, Seisho Maru No. 10, 90 gross tons, has not fared well due to propeller trouble from the outset. Hercatch during the same period was only 80 tons, mostly small yellowfin. The Kuroshio Maru No. 81, 145 gross tons, assigned to the company's Chichibu Maru mothership fleet, was reported to have landed 23 tons of tuna in about a week's operation in the eastern Atlantic. (Katsuo-maguro Tsu- shin.) OK OOK OF OK CANNED TUNA EXPORTS TO WEST GERMANY DECLINE Exports of canned tuna in oil to West Ger- many--its largest export market for this-- declined drastically at midyear. Tight money and high interest rates in West Germany were blamed. As a result, West German buyers are said to be offering very low prices for Japanese canned tuna products, and this has largely depressed sales to that country. From April 1965-March 1966, exports of tuna in oil totaled 765,564 actual cases, equal to 41 percent of total exports to all countries excluding the United States. The export price of Japanese canned skip- jack in oil dropped to US$7.50 per case c.i.f., declining over $1 a case since spring 1966. Exports to West Germany of a specialty-pack tuna (described as "dressing tuna'') also de- clined, but the decline was attributed to the refusal of Japanese packers to reduce the relatively high price of that product com- pared with oil-packed tuna. (Suisan Tsushin, and other sources.) KOK OK KK COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 TRANSSHIP SHRIMP FROM COMMUNIST CHINA The Japanese trade intends to use a new method for intransit trade in spring shrimp imported from Communist China. It will pre- vent waste of foreign currency and not disturb the domestic market where local shrimp is oversupplied. The shrimp will be held in bond and transshipped without formally enter- ing Japan. It is planned to transship from Kobe to Great Britain 75 tons of spring shrimp in this way, and an additional 25 tons will be transshipped to Rotterdam. (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, from Suisan Keizai.) KOK OK KOK MAJOR FIRMS LOOK FOR NEW GROUNDS Large Japanese fishery companies are trying to develop new fishing grounds to com- pensate for restrictions by many nations of fishing off their coasts. This search for new grounds will intensify. The Government's Fishery Agency is re- ported considering construction ofa large fish- ery survey vessel to assist the fishery indus - try in discovering and exploiting new grounds. Before, companies looked for new grounds during ''spare time'' in normal operations. Today, they are systematizing such experi- mental fishing operations. These operations are becoming more costly in dwindling re- sources of established grounds and more urgent as national prohibitions increase. One large company is centralizing plans for exploration. In the past, exploration was conducted individually by its fishing sections. It is also emphasizing development of tech- niques for improving trawl fishing, fishing for bonito, tuna, mackerel, and land-based whaling in still-undeveloped fishing grounds. It has started to improve deep-sea trawling. It hopes to advance into drag-net fishing for herring and cod in the North Atlantic. A second company is promoting deep-sea trawling with 3,000- to 3,500-gross-tontrawl- ing vessels. It is constructing a 550-gross- ton survey vessel primarily for developing new grounds in the North Pacific. The com- pany now has two drag-net vessels conducting 46 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW experimental fishing for crab and fish in the Okhotsk Sea, 40 miles off Kamchatka Penin- sula. Another company is trying to expand in trawling and tuna fishing as its fishing for salmon, its chief operations so far, appears destined to decrease with the advance of the Soviets and Koreans in salmon fishing. It has developed new fishing grounds off Sierra Leone and is conducting experiments to em- ploy reel-net fishing. It has three vessels engaged in drag-net fishing in west African waters to develop new mackerel fishing grounds. Another firm is building up its deep-sea trawling to make up for a reduction of whale catches. It now ranks third in this field. Since 1965, it has been probing new grounds southeast of New Zealand and off the Argen- tine coast. And, in June 1966, another fishing firm became the first to explore new grounds for salmon in the Arctic Sea. (The Japan Eco- nomic Journal, Tokyo.) OK OK ok OK EXPANDS TRAWL FISHING IN NORTHEAST PACIFIC The Japanese Fisheries Agency issued licenses in late July 1966 to two major com- panies to operate experimentally four trawl- ers east of 135° W. longitude and north of 30° N. latitude in the northeastern Pacific off the North American coast. The two firms already operate the stern trawlers Taiyo Maru No. 82 (2,886 gross tons) and the Kiri- shima Maru (3,495 gross tons) in the Gulf west of 1359 W. longitude. Each of the two trawlers is accompanied by a 500-ton trawl- ens Another large firm plans to conduct ex- perimental fishing in the same area. This company operates the 3,500-ton stern trawl- er Takachiho Maru in the Gulf. The trawler will be joined by the 550-ton trawler Mogami Maru, which was delivered August 1. After a trial run in the Japan Sea, the Mogami Maru departed Japan around August 9. The opening of fishing grounds east of 135° W. longitude and north of 30° N. latitude will make it possible for the Japanese Gulf of Alaska trawl fleet to operate year-round. Vol. 28, No. 10 In winter, when sea conditions are bad in northerly latitudes, the trawlers will exploit the waters farther south. The trawlers will seek hake and other species. (Suisan Tsu- shin; Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, and other sources.) REPORTS NORTH PACIFIC WHALING DATA The catch of whales in the North Pacific passed the 60 percent mark July 25, 1966: Sperm Finback Sei Bwul/ Kyokuyo Maru. . = 967 764 411 No. 3 Nishin Maru 1,186 = - = Nichiei Maru... = = - 260.5 The Nichiei Maru was expected to attain her quota and then hunt only sperm whales. The Kyokuyo Maru's quota is 1,080 whales, of which 844 are finback whales; she must catch 277 finback whales and 236 sei whales to fill her quota. The problem is to catch proper ratio of finback to sei whales. There has been no progress in talks on export price of finback whale oil. Market conditions are reported bad. New stocks may be stored in Rotterdam pending developments. It is expected that 10,000-12,000 metric tons of sperm whale oil from the North Pacific will be exported to companies in the United States and Europe at a price of US$201.60 a ton. (Fisheries Attache, United States Em- bassy, Tokyo, from Suisan Keizai and Suisan Tsushin. ) A 1/Blue-whale units. Communist China BEGINS TO DEVELOP TUNA FLEET A 319-gross-ton tuna longliner ordered by Mainland China's Technical Advancement Corporation from a Japanese shipyard at Shimizu was delivered to the Chinese owners about August 1, 1966. The vessel was taken to the port of Huang Pu (near Canton in Kwangtung Province) by a Japanese crew. Communist China has apparently decided to enter high-seas tuna fishing. This is the first indication of the expansion of Chinese October 1966 fishery operations intoareas distant from her coast. Her intial fishing bases will be the ports of her southern provinces adjacent to the South China Sea. (Nihon Keizai Shimbun.) To train a crew for the longliners and oth- ers that may be built, the Chinese sent 6 fish- ery experts to Japan in July for two months of technical training in handling tuna vessels and equipment. Tal f Republic of Korea FIRST VESSEL SURVEYS NORTH PACIFIC The 389-ton training vessel Paik Kyung Ho of the Pusan Fisheries College recently completed a 3-month exploratory cruise of the North Pacific, the first ever carried out by that nation. The vessel was sent because of: (1) intensive competition on the fishing grounds off South Korea; (2) numerous inter- national restrictions in the East China Sea; (3) a declining catch trend in the South Pa- cific tuna grounds where about 100 tuna ves- sels are operating. The vessel was reported to be seeking such species as salmon, flatfish, and Alaska pollock. The crew consisted of 10 scientists and 34 trainees. Taiwan TUNA FLEET EXPANDS The Government of Taiwan is making available this year about US$1.7 million to help finance the development of the tuna in- dustry. The loan is paying for purchases from Japan of used tuna fishing vessels with a combined gross tonnage of 5,000 tons. Bor- rowers must construct one new tuna vessel in Taiwan for every three used vessels they buy from Japan. He ok OK OOK OK SELLS INDIAN OCEAN ALBACORE IN SOUTH AFRICA Most of the 16 tuna long-line vessels built by Taiwan under funds provided by the World COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 Bank are operating in the Indian Ocean. Some of them were reported to have landed their albacore catches at Cape Town, South Africa-- for ex-vessel US$355 a short ton for shipment to Puerto Rico. (Note: Freight from Cape Town to Puerto Rico is $85 a ton.) This price is equivalent to ex-vessel $385 a short ton, delivered Las Palmas, or about $10-15 a ton lower than the price of Japanese-caught alba- core landed at Las Palmas. (Suisan Tsushin.) ale <2 Thailand SOUTHEAST ASIAN RESEARCH CENTER TO BE SET UP At the Southeast Asian Ministers Confer - ence held in Tokyo earlier this year, Thai- land proposed creation of a Fishery Develop- ment Research Center in Thailand to train fishery specialists to develop the fishing in- dustries of southeast Asian countries. Thai- land would provide the land and buildings; Japan the research equipment, a 500-ton fishing vessel, and 5 to 6 researchers; and all participating countries would share oper- ating costs. To promote the center, Japan dispatched a preliminary survey group in September to the Philippines, Thailand, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Malaysia to observe fishing conditions. Japan plans to budget about 400 million yen (US$1.1 million) for the program. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun. ) AFRICA Kenya FISHING INDUSTRY EXPANDS The Minister for Tourism and Wildlife signed an agreement in midyear establishing the Kenya Inshore Fisheries Limited. The new company is jointly financed by a British fishing company, the Kenya Government, and local business interests. The Government intends to transfer its shares to a fisher- men!s cooperative --whichit hopes will evolve. The Assistant Minister for Health will be company chairman. 48 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW To increase production, the new firm will introduce modernfishing methods onthe coast. It has storage facilities to handle 50 to 60 tons of fish a month for local consumption. It will set up buying centers along the coast and small shops in Mombasa. The British company will provide technical and overseas marketing assistance. At first, the company plans to concentrate mainly on shrimp and other shellfish for which there are good domestic and foreign markets. Plans are being considered for marketing tuna and marlin, particularly in Japan, and for promoting marine fish sales in inland Kenya. Protective export and import licensing for shellfish has been instituted and the Government may take further action to give the new firm a trade monopoly for cer- tain types of fish to ensure a market and stabilize prices. Development of the Fishing Industry: The revised Development Plan (1966-70) calls for total capital expenditure of about $1,467,000 for fisheries development and tripled produc- tion--to reach 60,000 tons a year. Average annual revenue per producer is estimated at about $389 per ton by 1970. Expansion of the fishing industry was en- couraged by favorable surveys in 1965 by two United Nations Food and Agricultural Organ- ization teams. The teams investigated long- line fishing and marketing problems and po- tential for a mechanized industry. A private Japanese group has looked into investment opportunities. In April 1966, a French expert sent by his Government under its technical aid program, conducted a feasi- bility study. He is studying deep sea fishing and extending the FAO survey to determine profitability and means of financing expan- sion. Also, the East African Marine Research Organization carried out intensive studies of exploitation of fishing on the Northern Kenya Coast. It estimated a potential annual catch worth about $5.6 million. Principal problems facing the fishing in- dustry are: inefficient operations, equip- ment, and marketing; limited domestic mar- ket and storage and processing facilities; high prices due to outmoded means of pro- duction; and fishermen!s lack of ambitionand adherence to old methods. Vol. 28, No. 10 Perhaps the biggest obstacle is that most Kenyans do not fish because of tradition, superstition, or the fact that fish are not available in rural areas. To counteract the general reluctance to eat fish and to create an adequate demand for the anticipated in- creased production, the Kenya Government launched an ''Eat More Fish" publicity cam- paign costing about $43,400. If successful, this campaign could result in the fishing in- dustry providing substantial employment and a low-cost source of protein for the African population. However, longstanding consump- tion habits will be difficult to overcome. For the immediate future, most of the market for Kenya fish will be abroad. (United States Em- bassy, Nairobi.) South Africa INDUSTRY ASKS FOR 200-MILE FISHING LIMIT The furor over foreign fishing fleets off the South-West Africa coast during August 1966 resulted in two separate moves to dis- courage foreign fleets from operating in South African fishing grounds: (1) The Transport Minister raised charges for transshipping fish in South African and South-West African harbors from about 28 cents to $19.60 per ton; (2) the retiring president of the Walvis Bay Chamber of Commerce asked the Government to extendterritorialfishing waters to 200 miles--to further curb foreign fishing opera - tions andtoprotect the fishing grounds until a survey of available fish resources canbe made. According to the Namib Times, more than 100 foreign trawlers operate between Cape Townand Walvis Bay andtheir catch exceeds 500,000 metric tons per year. The Times also reported that another giant factoryship, the Vostok, displacing 45,000tons, is being constructed in Leningrad for the Soviet fleet and will operate in the pilchard fishing grounds off South-West Africa. The extension of territorial fishing waters to 200 miles is an oft-heard recommendation that uses Peru as a precedent. Following hearings in South-West Africa at the end of September 1966, the survey of the South-West Africa fishing industry is expected to say something about fishing limit in its report. (United States Embassy, Pretoria.) le ke % ok le sie ook ons bad ei October 1966 PRODUCTION OF MAJOR PROCESSED PRODUCTS ROSE IN 1964-1965 Another record production of fish meal and oil was made in 1965 in South Africa and South-West Africa. As in 1964, the produc- tion of canned pilchard increased sharply. These increases were due to larger increases in South Africa. The 1964 record was due to increases in production by South-West Africa. In 1965, both whale oil and sperm oil pro- duction increased substantially. (United States Consulate, Cape Town, and other sources.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 CANADA TRIES TO STABILIZE YELLOW PERCH EX-VESSEL PRICES The Government's program to Stabilize yellow perch prices to Lake Erie fishermen which went into effect August 11 has now been extended to other yellow perch fishing areas of Ontario. The Canadian Fisheries Prices Support Board stands ready to purchase sur- plus supplies of frozen round or filleted perch from processors at prices sufficient to en- Production of Major Fishery Products in South Africa and South-West Africa, 1964-1965 South Africa [une | pee ation Pilchard. .... Maasbanker. » . Mackerel. .... Spiny lobster piny lobster tails. Pilchard. . White fish meal. .. Fish body oil . . Whale oil. .... Sperm oil. .... Libya BUYS VESSELS FROM POLAND A $3 million contract for 33 fishing ves - sels has been awarded toa Polish firm. The goal is to increase annual fisheries produc- tion to 15,000 metric tons. Thirty fishermen have been trained. In Tripoli, a warehouse was opened to provide fishermen's services and supplies, anda wholesale fish market is being built. All this is part of a five-year (1963-1968) development plan. The funds to finance the projects come from petroleum revenue. By law, 70 percent of this revenue must be de- voted to economic development. (United States Embassy, Tripoli.) Total 1964 South-West Africa 1965 142,051 4,488 4, 237 104 6, 466 936 175, 186 470,942 7,225 89, 642 5,333 12, 386 283,989 9, 320 70,016 4, 122 10,778 48, 159 sure that Ontario fishermen receive a mini- mum of 10 cents a pound at point of landing. It is expected that processors will continue to sell maximum quantities into domestic and export channels and rely on sales to the Board only when landings exceed the market's capacity to absorb current production. It may be that market demand will keep the price above the minimum established by the Gov- ernment. (Canadian Department of Fisheries, Ottawa.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1966 p. 50. LOOK FOR HERRING IN GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE Canadian plans for an East Coast fish meal industry were encouraged by test fishing in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the summer of 1966. The explorations were made off Mack- erel Point in the Gaspe area by the 80-foot purse-seiner Western Ranger, chartered by the New Brunswick Department of Fisheries under a cost-sharing agreement with the Fed- eral Department of Fisheries. It was brought from British Columbia for the experiment. 50 In 30 days, the vessel landed 1,600 tons of herring at Caraquet, N.B., for reduction to meal. It is demonstrating the effectiveness of West Coast purse-seine methods to East- ern herring fishermen who have been limited to small-scale operations. The seine net used was 325 fathoms long and 36 fathoms deep. In catches off Mackerel Point, the net depth had to be reduced because herring were found there in 30 fathoms. In addition to the skeleton crew that sailed it to New Brunswick from Vancouver, B. C., the vessel employs 5 East Coast fishermen. Exploratory work elsewhere in the Gulf will be carried out during the balance of the char- ter. (Canadian Department of Fisheries, Ot- tawa.) Stel Jena orient ey KL eS ok MID-JULY SALMON CATCH GOOD IN BRITISH COLUMBIA As of July 15, 1966, the northern fishing areas of British Columbia reported unex- pectedly high catches of pink and sockeye salmon in the net fisheries. One million early pink salmon were taken from the run to Whale Channel and the run was expected to peak in August. During the first two days, 92,000 sockeye were taken in the Skeena Riv- er. Troll catches of king and silver salmon were also good. (Canadian Department of Fisheries.) Se Free LATIN & SOUTH AMERICA Cuba EXPANDS FISHING FLEET From 1961 to May 1966, Cuba added over 680 small vessels built in her shipyards to the fishing fleet and purchased 50 larger vessels abroad. Most of the latter came from Spain. Others were bought from Japan, the U.S.S.R., and Poland. Almost all were tuna vessels, except 6 cod trawlers bought from Spain in 1966 and 5 medium trawlers (SRTs) obtained from the U.S.S.R. in 1962. About 20 tuna vessels ordered from Spain are still to be delivered. However, the first codtrawl- er, the Manjuari, also purchased from Spain, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 10 was delivered to Havana in March 1966 and soon after began fishing for cod off the Ca- nadian Atlantic coast. The crew is Cuban, but the captain is Russian. (It docked at St. John's, Newfoundland, on June 27, 1966, for servicing.) Cuban shipyards employ about 2,500 work- ers and build 7 classes of wooden fishing vessels 60 to 120 feet long. They are be- ginning to construct a few steel vessels. By 1970, the Cubans hope to have 700 large ves- sels (mostly in tuna and possibly cod and other bottom fisheries) and 900 small craft. The planned catch for 1970 exceeds 200,000 metric tons a year. Almost 4,000 young Cubans are now being trained in marine and fishery schools. Chile PRODUCTION OF FISH MEAL AND OIL RISES Anchovy fishing in northern Chile during June 1966 was considered good. Landings totaled 99,600 metric tons, compared with 15,900 tons in 1965, and 93,700 tons in 1964. Nineteen percent was landed at Arica and 81 percent at Iquique; fishing in the Pisaguaand Tocopilla areas was discontinued. The great- est fishing activity was in the area bordering Peru, where the major part of the Arica and Iquique fleets fished. The catches of the first 6 months of 1966 totaled 755,500 tons of anchovy, an increase of 181 percent over 1965 and 24 percent over 1964. During June, 6 plants operated in Arica an average of 11 working days; 21 plants oper- ated in Iquique an average of 16 working days. One plant in Arica, 2 in Pisagua, and 1 in Iquique did not operate. Monthly production of fish meal during the first halves of 1964-66 was: Month 1966 | 1965 | 1964 Siephey tlueris (Metric Tons) 3h. EMITETG7015) 6 0.6. OF ON OC 33, 500 12, 836 24,131 GoiENys 5 Go deo tGec OF dno 27, 182 11, 370 23,009 EWAN 9% 9 6.006 a). 13,538 10, 278 4,767 pails oo gadoopo4e 114, 068 3, 587 16, 373 Co ooDo oD O00 26,708 4,090 16,233 590 6.010.005 6.6N0 18,778 2,988 2 Total January-June. . | 133,774 45, 149 102, 350 October 1966 The company with the highest production from January through June 1966 totaled 24,000 tons of fish meal. An individual plantin Arica produced 13,700 tons; others produced 9,500 tons, 8,700 tons, and 8,200 tons, respectively. These 6 plants represent 48 percent of total fish meal production. The recovery of fish oil in June amounted to 3,200 metric tons. Total production for the first 6 months of 1966 amounted to 14,400 tons, compared with 5,800 tons in 1965 and 12,600 tons in 1964. The yield of recovery in June was 3.2 percent (1965, 1.2 percent; 1964, 3.7 percent; 1963, 3.0 percent) The highest yield of oil during the first half occurred in April (3.3 percent), which coincides with the 1965 results. Fish meal produced locally between Anto- fagasta and Talcahuano from other species (hake, sardine, jack mackerel, fish waste, etc.) and which supplies mainly the domestic market, totaled 1,700 tons in June 1966. The total of 15,700 tons during the first half was up 14 percent over 1965 and 97 percent over 1964. Of this year's production, Antofagasta produced 2,800 tons; Coquimbo 400 tons; San Antonio 2,400 tons; and Talcahuano, 9,700 tons. During the first quarter of 1966, the Cus- toms Bureau reported exports of 51,424 tons of fish meal, valued at US$7,228,000 and 197 tons of shellfish meal worth US$14,100. Ex- ports of fish meal by months were: January 7,304 tons; February 18,958 tons; and March 25,168 tons. The main buyers were the United States, the Netherlands, and Germany. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 Exports of oil during the first quarter amounted to 2,486 tons with a value of US$441,300 and was purchased entirely by the Netherlands. (U.S. Embassy, Santiago.) Mexico MAY BUY YUGOSLAV VESSELS An investment group from Ensenada dis - cussed in mid-summer with a Yugoslav trade mission the purchase of 5 vessels fromYugo- slavia. The group is considering entry into the high-seas fisheries. The Federal Govern- ment is reportedly prepared to help with an allocation of 75 million pesos (US$6 million). ee > WEST INDIES Trinidad and Tobago SHRIMP PROJECT NEARS COMPLETION The plan to give Trinidad and Tobago a shrimp fishing industry costing TT$1.2 mil- lion (US$700,000) was nearing completion, according to reports from Port-of-Spain. Twelve shrimp trawlers are being built. A shrimp-packing plant will be constructed at King's Wharf, Port-of-Apain. (Fishing News International.) SARGASSO SEA TO BE CHARTED BY SCANDINAVIANS by today's scientific Norsemen, A joint expedition of Swedish and Danish scientists left for the Sea in early 1966 aboard the Danish research vessel Dana. Sargasso Sea, home ofa floating mass ofseaweed that for centuries has been a feared legend among seafarers, is about to be investigated The Danish scientists will be checking a belief that Scandinavian eels hatch their eggs among the tangled strands of weed. The optics of the Sea, which are affected by millions of brown algae, or Sargassum, will be investi- gated by the Swedish team, under the direction of a scientist of the Oceanographic Institute in Gothenburg, Sweden. (Reprinted, with per- mission from Science News, weekly summary of current science, copy- (eee 1966 by Science Service, Inc.) 52 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Foreign Fishing Off United States Coasts, August 1966 IN NORTHWEST ATLANTIC U.S.S.R.: The July fog and haze off Georges Bank and vicinity continued into August, again restricting visibility and the observations of Soviet fishing. The estimated size of the fleet declined from an estimated 125 in early August to about 50 by month's end. The decrease in Soviet fleet on Georges Bank occurred rather early this year. In 1964, it had decreased abruptly (by about 50- 60 vessels) only in October--when most ves- sels transferred operations to southeastern Atlantic off Africa's coasts. The patternwas repeated in 1965. In 1966, however, to save fishing time, the Russians decided not to transfer their northwest Atlantic trawler fleet to the southeastern Atlantic. Some ves- sels moved from Georges Bank to ICNAF Subarea 4, others southward to the newly opened Havana fishing port, and others re- turnedto home ports or to other fishing areas. Eighty-eight different vessels were sighted during August: 25 factory stern trawlers, 22 medium side trawlers, 9 medium refriger- ated side trawlers, 19 large refrigerated side trawlers, 3 processing refrigerated fish transports (Skryplev class), 1 refrigerated transport, 5 cargo and base ships, 1 tug, 2 tankers, and 1 research vessel. The fleet operated in two generalareas -- 40 miles south of Nantucket Island and inthe Corsair Canyon area, 160 to 180 miles east of Cape Cod. Ships were frequently scattered, indica- ting fishing was generally poor. Whiting (silver hake) appeared to be the predominant species taken. Twice during the month, So- viet vessels in the Corsair Canyon area were observed with moderate to substantial amounts of haddock on deck. Due to poor visibility, the area could not be covered during the month's last flight. Polish and Romanian: Two Polish stern trawlers and one Romanian stern trawler were observed fishing with the Soviet fleet on Georges Bank. None of those vessels was seen with fish on deck. Vol. 28, No. 10 East German: A large (3,000-gross-ton) factory stern trawler (ROS 302) was fishing near Georges Bank toward the end of August, the first time since 1962 that the East Ger- mans extended operations to southernmost ICNAF subarea. Traditionally, they fish off Greenland and Labrador, in the North Sea and Baltic. This year, however, they also began to fish for pilchards off South-West Africa and to explore the South Atlantic. OFF MID-ATLANTIC U.S.S.R.: No Soviet fishing vessels sighted off the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast during August, except a few in transit headed north or south. IN GULF OF MEXICO AND CARIBBEAN U.S.S.R.: Medium freezer side trawlers (class Maiak) continued to fish in Gulf of Mexico, but not off U.S. coasts. They limited activity mainly to Campeche Banks off Yucatan Peninsula. Number of vessels fluctuated be- tween 10 and 15. Although all are based at the Havana fishing port, they belong adminis - tratively to Kaliningrad Fisheries Administra- tion. Earlyin1966, that Administration formed a special Command, the Expeditionary Fleet Command, whose task is to start large-scale operations in the southwestern Atlantic. The Maiak-class, Havana-based Kaliningrad ves- sels will eventually be deployed to the South Atlantic. In addition to medium side trawlers, about 12 large stern trawlers also fished on Cam- peche Banks. Some were deployed to the Gulf from the Northwest Atlantic; others arrived from Soviet ports. They belong also to the Kaliningrad Expeditionary Fleet Command, and some of them are reportedly fishing in the Gulf of Mexico only temporarily. Later they will be sent to the Southwest Atlantic. Some of those vessels were sighted off Florida's coast on their way south. Others, no doubt, were returning to home ports from Cuban base. None was seen fishing. Cuban: No vessels were sighted fishing off U.S. coasts. Some were reported fishing off southwest coast of Puerto Rico. Mexican: In late July and early August, Mexican shrimp trawlers were sighted fish- ing off Texas. October 1966 OFF PACIFIC NORTHWEST (Washington and Oregon) U.S.S.R.: The fleet, which numbered 100- 110 fishing and support vessels during June, July, and first two weeks in August, had only about 80 vessels by end of August-early September (table). Number of Soviet Trawlers and Support Vessels Sighted ote: "ST" - Large factory stern trawlers (2, 600-3, 200 gross tons). "MT" -Medium trawlers (250-600 gross tons). "Other" - Floating factories refrigerated carriers, transports, tugs, tankers, research vessels, and other support vessels. From August 6 to September 15, number of large stern freezer trawlers was reduced from 13 to 5, and medium side trawlers from 72 to 58. This was significant decrease in Soviet fishing effort off Pacific Northwest; it was probably caused by the beginning of her- ring fishing in the Sea of Okhotsk and off Kamchatka's coasts, and saury fishing off Kuril Islands and Hokkaido. Number of support vessels remained al- most the same, indicating smaller fleet was making good catches. The vessels fished in heavy concentra- tions, moving up and down the coast as fish were available. Early in August, the fleet was fishing off Destruction Island. Then part of it moved south to Grays Harbor and Willapa Bay, and part north to Cape Flattery off northern Washington. At least 6 medium trawlers were fishing in pairs using 3 midwater trawls. Several vessels (at least 3 stern trawlers and 2 medium trawlers) were reported fish- ing about 20 miles off Cape Beale, off south- western Vancouver Island, British Columbia. By mid-August the fleet, still scattered from mouth of the Columbia River to Straits of Juan de Fuca, moved seaward; some ves- sels: fished as far as 50 miles from U. S. shores. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 By August 25, the fleet was again reported near the U.S. coasts, divided into two groups: one with 50 vessels was fishing for hake and orange rockfish off Newport, Oregon, con- centrated in a 10-mile radius. The second with 32 vessels was fishing for hake off Will- apa Harbor, Washington. By the end of August, only about 30 ves- sels remained off Oregon's coast, the rest moved north off Willapa Harbor. The catches off Oregon were excellent and somewhat bet- ter than off Washington coast. In the first week of August, Pacific hake catches appeared about average: the greatest was around 30,000 pounds; the smallest about 2,000 pounds. In the second and third weeks, hake was still principal catch; however, the vessels off Destruction Island and to the north were reported catching more Pacific ocean perch and other rockfish than hake. Several ves- sels were seen with good catches of red snap- per on deck. By the end of August, when the fleet split into two groups (one off Oregon, the other off Washington), hake was again the principal species caught. Medium trawlers fishing off Oregon were seen taking as much as 25,000 pounds, and a "twin" trawl was observed with estimated catch of 150,000 pounds of hake. Some green-spotted or green-striped rockfish were also taken. The estimated 1966 Soviet catch of Pacific hake off U. S. coasts amounted to over 60,000 metric tons (about 132 million pounds) by mid- August. The Soviet quota for 1966 is 100,000 metric tons. The research vessel Adler tried to enter port of Vancouver, British Columbia (Canada), for repairs at end of July, but Canadian offi- cials determined the repairs’ were not of emergency nature. Earlier, the Canadians did allow the Adler to resupply at Vancouver. By August 2, the vessel was again conducting research off Cape Elisabeth (Washington), then moved south to study fishery resources off California and northern Mexico. By mid- month, she returned north for short time be- fore returning to Vladivostok; she arrived September 10. Her principal mission was investigation of fishery resources off U.S. and Mexican coasts for future exploitation. 54 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW The research vessel Ogon, which belongs to Pacific Scientific Institute for Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO), was sighted in mid-August off Grays Harbor, and remained off Pacific Northwest well into mid-Septem- ber. During August, Resource Management Agents of BCF did not see salmon on decks of Soviet vessels nor did they see salmon drying in the rigging. This does not exclude possibility that the Russians were making in- cidental catches of salmon, because sur- veillance flights took place only one day a week and each vessel could be observed only for a short time. However, a few U.S. fish- ermen did report seeing fishing vessels with salmon on deck. On August 20, Oregon Fish Commission officers, checking a fisherman's report, spotted a medium trawler withsalmon on deck. Identified as the Kakhovka, she was sighted about 10 miles west and 5 miles north of mouth of Columbia River with load of salm- on on deck. BCF's Region I has formed an ad hoc com- mittee of 25-30 representatives of Pacific Northwest fishing industry (fishermen's as- sociations, unions, and fishing vessel owners' associations), fishery officials from State governments, and other citizens. The pur- pose of the committee, which will meet in- formally about once a month, is to dissemi- nate information on foreign fishing off U. S. Pacific Northwest coasts and appraise all developments related to future foreign fish- ing near U. S. shores. | During routine surveillance flights by U.S Coast Guard in August, practically no Soviet vessels were sighted closer than 12 miles off U.S. Pacific Northwest coasts. But, on August 23, the BCF research vessel John N. Cobb sighted 6 Soviet medium trawlers north- west of Columbia River's mouth closetoU.S. shores. On August 24, ten medium trawlers fished the same general area, 8.7-10 miles off U.S. coast. During a chartered flight by Oregon Fish Commission agents on August 20, 20-25 ves- sels were seen near Columbia River's mouth, the closest vessel 7.8 miles off U.S. coast. OFF ALASKA U.S.S.R.: During August, about 40 fishing and support vessels operated off Alaska's coast. Fishing for Pacific ocean perch was con- ducted throughout the Gulf of Alaska and off Vol. 28, No. 10 Aleutian Islands. The Gulf perch fleet was small: 4 large stern trawlers, 1 medium side trawler, and 2 refrigerated fish carriers; the Aleutian fleet had more than 20 vessels: among them, 10 large stern trawlers, 8 med- ium side trawlers, and 3 refrigerated carri- ers. Little information is available onperch fishing south of Pribilof Islands--only one medium side trawler was sighted, presum- ably exploring for ocean perch stocks. According to Soviet sources, perch fish- ing in Gulf of Alaska was less satisfactory in August thanin July. Bad weather was one reason, but principal reason was lack of ex- ploratory and scouting vessels and assign- ment to fleet of young, inexperienced fisher- men. The shrimp fishing fleet, which had re- turned to U.S.S.R. in mid-1966, was again sighted in Shumagin Islands area in August. Three medium side freezer trawlers were sighted during surveillance patrol by BCF management agents aboard U.S. Coast Guard cutter. No estimates of catches are avail- able. Whaling operations in northern Pacific continued on large scale but only one large factoryship was sighted in western Aleutians about mid-August. Japanese: A total of 206 Japanese vessels were fishing off Alaska coast in August. Pacific ocean perch fishing in Gulf of Alaska was in full swing in early August, when 5 trawlers ended salmon buying in Cook Inlet, and 2 trawlers ended shrimp operations in Shumagin Islands area and resumed perch fishing. One vessel was added to Gulf fleet in late August. At month's end, 12 trawlers and 3 reefers were on Albatross Bank and one trawler was fishing on outer Portlock Bank. In Aleutian Islands area, along the central and western Aleutians, two factoryships and 11 trawlers fished for perch. The two king crab fleets remained on Bristol Bay ''flats'' throughout August, about 150 miles northwest of Port Moller. Fish meal and oil operations were con- ducted by 2 factoryships accompanied by 58 trawlers about 200 miles south of Nunivak Island, and by 2 factoryships accompanied by 40 trawlers northwest of Pribilof Islands. October 1966 One factoryship and her 13 trawlers re- mained on shrimp grounds near Pribilof Is- lands throughout August. The three whaling fleets operated through- out Aleutian Islands. One fleet departed for Japan at month's end. Long-line operations for sablefish were conducted in late August by 1 vessel in west- ern Gulf, 2 vessels along western Aleutians, and 1 vessel along 100-fathom curve north of Unimak Pass. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 595 Korean: The research vessel Baek Kyung Ho of the National Pusan Fisheries College was Sighted south of Amukta Pass in central Aleutians onAugust 13. A BCF agent boarded vessel. Personnel reported being in Aleu- tians area for about one month and planned to sail for Korea on September 20. The vessel fished for salmon using gill nets at preselected stations. Samples of 50 salmon per day were to be taken at each station, but catches were said to be poor--averaging 15 a day, mostly small red salmon. The Koreans said they had trawled but had taken no salmon. On August 25, the vessel was in northern Bering Sea, north of St. Matthew Island. JUNK CARS MAKE EFFECTIVE ARTIFICIAL FISHING REEFS Abandoned cars andother refuse that clutter up our cities and countryside have proven to be good material for building fishing reefs in the sea, according to areport published by the American Littoral Society. The fish are attracted to the artificial reefs because some feed off mussels and other organisms which attach themselves to the reef materials. like a place to call ''home"’. A properly con- ity of fish''--a collection point for year round holes and crevices, and still others simply structed reef in time becomes a veritable ''c Other fish find protection inthe food fish as well as a seasonal haunt of migratory game fish. The growing acres of junk cars now plaguing cities may prove a blessing indisguise tofishermen. Fisherybiologists have proved with test reefs that a barren part ofthe sea canbe transformed into a favored haunt forfish. Between 1958 and 1960, a small car-body reef was built at a depth of 50 feet in Paradise Cove near Malibu (California). attracted only a few hours after it was down. species of fish were counted on the reef by SCUBA diving biologists. perimental reefs was built in Maunalua Bay, Hawaii, and tested from 1961 to 1963. Fish were Over a 30-month study period, 49 different One of the best ex- Junk cars were spread over a virtually barren bottom. Fish life boomed and within 7 months 10 tons of fish came to live on the 13-acre reef made from 443 cars. The artificial reef testsresults showed that the cars stayed in place at the bottomand were not scattered by storms or currents. Junk car reefs, however, would have to be re- plenished every few years since bodies rust away in 3 to 5 years. Biologists have also tested some more permanent materials (quarry rock and concrete structures) for reef building. However, these are more costly than junk car reefs and do not help in cleaning up our countrysides. All reefs must have the approval of the District Army Corps of Engineers, the Navy, and in most states, the Department of Conservation. Artificial reefs must also be prop- erly buoyed so that they can be located easily andthe buoys maintained. Bottom type, wave action, depth, height and placement of the man-made reef affect the endurance and produc- tivity of the project. Reef-building obviously is not a task for the amateur. The report, ''Artificial Reefs - A Review'', is available from the American Littoral Society, Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory, Highlands, New Jersey 07732, for $1.00 a copy. 56 PUBLICATIONS FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE These publications are available free from the Office of Information, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D, C. 20402, Publications are designated: CFS --Current fishery statistics of the United States. FL --Fishery leaflets. SEP.--Separates (reprints) from Com- mercial Fisheries Review. _ SSR.--Fish.--Special Scientific Reports-- Fisheries (limited distribution). Number Title CFS=4127--Michigan, Ohio, & Wisconsin Landings, March 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4143--South Carolina Landings, April 1966, 2 pp. CFS-4155--Maryland Landings, April 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4156--Texas Landings, 1965 Annual Summary, 8 pp. CFS-4158--Massachusetts Landings, 1965 Annual Summary, 13 pp. CFS-4165--New York Landings, March 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4167--New York Landings, April 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4170--Hawaii Fisheries, 1965 Annual Summary, 4 pp. CFS-4173--New Jersey Landings, May 1966, 3 pp. ; CFS-4174--Shrimp Landings, January 1966, 5 pp. CFS-4176--Georgia Landings, May 1966, 3 pp. CFS-4177--Mississippi Landings, April 1966, 3 pp. CFS-4178--Mississippi Landings, May 1966, 3 pp. CFS-4180--Maryland Landings, May 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4181--Virginia Landings, May 1966, 4pp. CFS-4182--Fish Mealand Oil, May 1966, 2 pp. CFS-4183--North Carolina Landings, June 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4184--Florida Landings, May 1966, 8 pp. CFS-4186--Louisiana Landings, May 1966, 3 pp. CFS-4187--Massachusetts Landings, January 1966, 5 pp. CFS-4190--California Landings, April 1966, 4 pp. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 10 CFS-4196--Florida Landings, June 1966, 8 pp. CFS-4197--Maine Landings, May 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4199--Maryland Landings, June 1966, 4 pp. Sep. No. 771--An Evaluation of the Air Bubble Curtain as a Barrier to Alewives, by George A. Kupfer and William G. Gordon, FL-582--The Bait Shrimp Industry of the Gulf of Mexico, by Anthony Inglis and Ed- ward Chin, 13 pp., illus., May 1966. (Also Contribution No. 211, BCF Biological Lab - oratory, Galveston, Tex.) Describes fish- ing gear used by shrimp bait fishermen, the methods of operation, and the market- ing practices in Texas and Florida. SSR--Fish. No, 526--Synopsis on the Biology of the Jack Mackerel (Trachurus symmet- ricus), by John S. MacGregor, 19 pp. illus., April 1966. SRR--Fish. No, 527--Age and Size Composi- tion of the Menhaden Catch Along the At- lantic Coast of the United States, 1962. With Brief Review of the Commercial Fish- ery, by William R. Nicholson and Joseph R. Higham, Jr., 28 pp., illus., February 1966. Fisheries Technological Laboratory, Gloucester, Mass., for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1964, by Joseph W. Slavin, Circular 241, 34 pp., illus., May 1966. During 1964 the laboratory emphasized methods of improving the quality of fish and fishery products, Report discusses research on freeze denaturation of pro- teins, preservation and processing, stand- ards and specifications, and radiation pas- teurization; also, the laboratory's marine products development irradiator program and aims, and inspection and certification of fishery products. Included are lists of publications by laboratory personnel and papers presented at meetings. of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Report Biological Station, St. Petersburg Beach, Florida, Fiscal Year 1965, by James E. Sykes, Circular 242, 34 pp., illus., April 1966. Discusses estuarine and red-tide investigations, and some results. October 1966 Fishery Bulletin, vol. 65, no. 2, January 1966, pp. 299-525, illus., printed. Some articles: 1 Annual marks on shell and ligament of sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus,'' by Arthur S. Merrill, Julius A. Posgay, and Fred E. Nichy; 'Dynamics of a penaeid shrimp population and management impli- cations,'' by Joseph H. Kutkuhn; ''Study of loss and delay of salmon passing Rock Is- land Dam, Columbia River, 1954-56," by Robert R. French and Roy L. Wahle; ''Oc- currence in Tampa Bay, Florida, of im- mature species dominant in Gulf of Mexico commercial fisheries," by James E. Sykes and John H, Finucane; ''Gill net mesh se= lection curves for Pacific salmon on the high seas,'' by Alvin E, Peterson; ''Life history of the gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum (Le Sueur), in western Lake Erie,” by Anthony Bodola; "Migrations and geographic distribution of pink shrimp Penaeus duorarum, of the Tortugas and Sanibel Grounds, Florida,'' by T. J. Cos- tello and Donald M, Allen; ''Time of mi- gration and age group structure of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) spawning populations in the Naknek River system, Alaska,'' by Richard R. Straty; ''Skipjack tuna spawning in the Marquesas Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago,'' by Howard O. Yoshida; "Food of young-of-the-year wall- eyes in Lake Erie,' by David R. Wolfert; and ''Effect of the spawning bed environ= ment on reproduction of pink and chum salmon," by William J. McNeil. Fishery Bulletin, vol. 65, no. 3, 1966, pp. 527- 686, illus., printed. Some articles: "Life history of the spiny dogfish," by Albert C. Jensen; ''Pygmy whitefish Prosopium coul- teri in the Naknek River system, by Wil- liam R. Heard and Wilbur L. Hartman; "A review of western Atlantic cat sharks, Scyliorhinidae, with descriptions of a new genus and five new species," by Stewart Springer; ''Survey of pelagic fishes of the California current area,'' by Frederick H. Berry and Herbert C. Perkins; and "Rapid method for determining water content in oyster tissue,"’ by Thomas C. Carver, Jr. The following publications are available only from the specific office mentioned: California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part I—Fishery Products Pro- duction and Market Data, July 1966, 15 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif. 90731.} California cannery receipts of tuna and tunalike fish and other species used for canning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, mackerel, and ancho vies; market fish receipts at San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; Califor- nia and Arizona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices; ex-vessel prices for cannery fish; prices for fish meal, oil, and solubles; for the month indicated. California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part Il--Fishing Information, July 1966, 14 pp. illus. (U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Tuna Resources Laboratory, P. O. Box 271, La Jolla, Calif. 92038). Contains sea-surface tempera- tures, fishing and research information for July of interest to the West Coast tuna- fishing industry and marine scientists. California Fishery Products and Byproducts Brokers, Importers, and Exporters, 1966, SP List 1 (Revised), 15 pp., August 1966. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif, 90731.) Available from the Branch of Reports, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Depart- ment of the Interior, Washington, D. C. 20240: Data Report 10, 3 microfiche cards, illus., Mar. 1966, distribution limited. Oceanographic Observations South of Adak Island, Summer 1963, by Craig Van Dyke, Data Report 12, 1 microfiche card, illus., May 1966, distribution limited. Proximate Composition of Lake Michigan Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), by Don- ald R. Travis, FIR Reprint’ 33, 3 pp., printed, (Reprinted from Fishery Indus- trial Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1-4.) Branch of Reports, U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd., Seattle, Wash. 98102. (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings of Fishery Products for Selected Areas and Fisheries, Monthly Summary, July 1966, 9 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 706 New 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 10 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Se- attle, Wash, 98104.) Includes July infor- mation on landings by the halibut fleet re- ported by the Seattle Halibut Exchange; salmon landings reported by primary re- ceivers; landings of halibut reported by International Pacific Halibut Commission; landings and otter-trawl receipts reported by Fishermen's Marketing Association of Washington; local landings by independent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by scheduled and nonscheduled shipping lines and airways; imports from British Columbia via rail, motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings; and imports from other countries through Washington customs district. Shellfish Situation and Outlook, CEA-S1, 47 pp., June 1966, (U. S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries, Branch of Current Econom - ic Analysis, 1815 N, Ft. Myer Drive, Ar- lington, Va. 22209.) First issue of new quarterly directed mainly at assisting fish- ery management in making short-run and intermediate production, distribution, and pricing decisions, Available pertinent shellfish facts assembled and analyzed to give picture of probable market conditions and price movements inthe future. The following service publication is for sale and is available only from the Superintend- ent of Documents, U. S. Government Print- ing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402: Annual Report, WP-12, 32 pp., illus., print- ed, 1966, 25 cents. Data on pollution- caused fish kills by State, source of pollu- tion, type of water and water body, sever- ity of damage, and related subjects. ‘MISCELLANEOUS These publications are not available from the Fish and Wildlife Service, but usually may be obtained from the organization issuing them, Correspondence regarding publications that follow should be addressed to the respec- tive organization or publisher mentioned. Data on prices, if readily available, are shown, AGAR AGAR: "Mode of action of an inhibitor from agar on growth and hemagglutination of group A arboviruses,'' by Juliol. Coldn and others, article, Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 90, July 1965, pp. 172-179, printed. Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 East Preston Street, Baltimore, Md, 21202. ALGAE; "Utilization of algae as a protein source for humans,'' by Richard Dam, et al., article, Journal of Nutrition, vol. 86, Aug, 1965, pp. 376-382, printed. Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 36th Street atSpruce, Philadelphia, Pa, 19104, ANTIBIOTICS: Antimycin--A New Fishery Tool, by Robert E. Lennon, 2 pp., illus., printed. (Reprint- ed from Wisconsin Conservation Bulletin, March-April 1966.) Wisconsin Conserva- tion Department, Box 450, Madison, Wis. 53701, AUSTRALIA: Fisheries Australia, Statistical bulletin No- 11-1964-65, 52 pp., illus., processed. Com- wealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, Canberra, Australia. Contains statistics on Australia's marine and fresh-water fish- eries, including boats, equipment and per- sons engaged; production, processing and consumption; and foreign trade. CANADA: 35th Annual Report 1964, 102 pp., illus., printed, 1966. Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. (Sold by Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Can- ada.) Contains such items as inspection service; economics service; industrial development service; fishermen's indem- nity plan; Fisheries Prices Support Board; and the fishing industry. Also, statistical tables showing the landings and landed values of fish and shellfish by areas and species, and by areas and provinces; export by types of products; and others. "The South Bay Fisheries Research Station," by F, P. Maher, article, Ontario Fish and Wildlife Review, vol. 5, no. 1, 1966, pp. 15-20, illus., printed. Department of Lands and Forests, Parliament Buildings, Toronto 5, Ontario, Canada. October 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 These publications are not available from the Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, but usually may be obtained from the organization issuing them. CEYLON: Administration Report of the Director of Fisheries for 1963-64, by S. S. H. Silva, Part IV--Education, Science, and Art GB), 105 pp., printed in Sinhalese and English, September 1965. Government Publications Bureau, P.O Box 500, Secretariat, Colom- bo. COD: "'Noen forsok med 'dobbeltfrysing av torsk"' (Some experiments with freezing and re- freezing of codfish), by G. Lorentzen, ar- ticle, Kulde, vol. 19, no. 4, August 1965, pp. 53-58, illus. | printed in Norwegian. CRAB: "King crab gets royal treatment from qual- ity-conscious packers, article, Pacific Fisherman, vol 63, June 1965, pp.16-22, printed. Pacific Fisherman, Editorial Of- fice, 71 Columbia St., Seattle, Wash. 98104. DENMARK: Bulletin Statistique des Péches Martimes (Statistical Bulletin for Marine Fisheries), vol. XLVIII (1963), 67 pp., printed in Eng- lish, January 1966. Conseil Permanent In- ternational pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund Slot, Denmark. EELS: Sand Eels (AMMODYTIDAE) in the South- ~ Western North Sea; Their Biology and and Fishery, by C. T. Macer, Fishery Investi- gations, series II, vol. XXIV, no. 6, 58 pp., illus., printed, 1966, 19s. (US$2.66). Fish- eries Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. (Sold by Her Majesty's Station- ery Office, 49 High Holborn, London, W.C.1, England.) FATTY ACIDS: "The triglycerides of sablefish (Anaplopoma fimbria). II--Fatty acid distribution in triglyceride fractions as determined with pancreatic lipase,’ by Ami Dolev andH.S. Olcott, article, Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, vol. 42, Dec. 1965, pp. 1046-1051, printed. American Chemi- cal Society, 1155 Sixteenth Street NW., Washington, D.C. 20036. FISH MEAL: "Fish meal studies. 2--Effects of levels and sources on 'fish flavor! in broiler meat,'' by Jack L, Fry, et al, article, Poul- try Science, vol. 44, July 1965, pp. 1016-_ 1019, printed. Poultry Science, Texas A& M College System, College Station, Tex. 77843, FISH MUSCLE: Fatty acid uptake and esterification by fish muscle,'' by M. Hamosh, R. Atia, and B. Shapiro, article, Journal of Food Science, vol. 31, Mar.-Apr. 1966, pp. 146-150, printed. The Garrard Press, 510 North Hickory St., Champaign, Ill. 61820. FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE: "Fish flour: FDA approval likely on im- proved product,'' by Jane Ayres, article, Science, vol. 152, May 6, 1966, pp. 738- 739, American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington, D. C. 20005. "Supplementation of bread with fish flour and amino acids--A comparison of evalua- tion methods," by G. R. Jansen, C. F. Hutchison, and M. E. Zanetti, article, Food Technology, vol. 20, Mar. 1966, pp. 91- (-94, printed. Institute of Food Technologists, Special Services Office, 510 North Hickory St., Champaign, Il. 60611. FISH PUMP: "Fish pump's gentle touch is kind to profits," article, Fishing Gazette, vol. 82, Sept. 1965, pp. 17, 23, printed. Fishing Gazette Publishing Corp., 461 Eighth Ave., New York, N. Y. 10001. FRANCE: Cahiers O.R.S.T.O.M.-Océanographie, vol. III, no. 1, 1965, 105 pp., illus., printed in French, a single issue 20 francs (US$4.00) plus postage. Office dela Recherche Scien- tifique et Technique Outre-Mer, 24, rue Bayard, Paris 8°, France. (Sold by Serv- ice Central de Documentation, 80, route d'Aulnay, Bondy, Seine.) Includes articles on: "Note d'information sur les prospec- tions de fonds chalutables effectuees par le centre d'oceanographie et des peches (ORSTOM) de Pointe-Noire dans l'est du Golfe de Guinee" (Information note on ex- plorations of trawlable bottoms by Le Centre d'Oceanographie et des Peches (ORSTOM) de Pointe-Noire in the eastern Gulf of Guniea), pp. 71-72; ''Etude de 60 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 10 These publications are not available from the Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, but usually may be obtained from the organization issuing them. quelques caracteres de Sardinella eba (C et V) de Cote D'Ivoire" (Some character - istics of Sardinella eba (C et V) of the Ivory Coast), by E. Marchal, pp. 87-94; "Note sur deux caracteres de Sardinella aurita (C et V) de Cote D'Ivoire" (Note on two characteristics of Sardinella aurita (C et V) of the Ivory Coast), by E. Marchal, pp. 95-99. Essais d'Ostreiculture dans les Marais Vendéens Marshes), by Marie-José Cor- beil, Science et Péche, no. 148, May 1966, 15 pp., illus., printed in French. L'Insti- tut Scientifique et Technique des Peches Maritimes, 59 Avenue Raymond-Poincare, Paris 16°, France. FREEZING "Experimental study of freezing fish by liq- uid nitrogen,'' by A. Kaneko, article, Re- frigeration, vol. 40, no. 456, October 1965 pp. 28-30, illus., printed. Nickerson & Collins Com 433 ‘North Waller Ave., Chi- cago, Ill., 60644. FREEZING AT SEA: "Erfaringer med frysing ombord" (Experi- ences with freezing at sea), by P. Hysing- Dahl, article, Kulde, vol. 19, no. 4, August 1965, pp. 49-52, printed in Norwegian. FRESH-WATER FISHERIES: "The productivity of lakes and rivers," by Vittorio Tonolli and Julian Rzoska, article, New Scientist, vol. 30, no. 491, April 14, 1966, pp. 119-121, illus., printed. Crom- well House, Fulwood Place, High Holborn, London WC1, England. How much fish can men expect to harvest from their inland waters? Author believes the answer to this question is to be sought in many places and many climates, on the basis ofthorough measurements of aquatic ecological sys- tems under the International Biological Programme. GENERAL: McClane's Standard Fishing Encyclopedia and International Angling Guide, edited by Albert J. McClane, 1,088 pp., illus., printed, $23.95. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Incs, 383 Madison ‘Ave., New York N.Y., 10017. Contributions from 141 scientists and an- gling experts. Detailed information on world's fishing areas, chapterson fly fish- ing, spinning, trolling, and surf casting. Instructions on rod-building; mounting and preserving specimens in the field; scuba diving; smoking, freezing, storing, and cooking fish; fly-tying; choosing best fish- ing craft for any type water; understanding aquatic and marine biology; first aid and protection against dangerous marine or- ganisms; raising bait fish. Water pollu- tion and thermal stratification of lakes. Each fish is cross-referenced with com- mon, and local names, anatomy, size, color, spawning habits, food, growth, age, young, etc. Lengthy chapter on prepara- tion and cooking fish, with recipes cover - ing methods, sauces, and other pertinent details. HERRING: Herring Stock Record Data, 1964, Statisti- cal News Letters, no. 27, 77 pp., illus., printed, May 1966. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Charlotten- lund Slot, Denmark. INDIA: "The fishing industry in India (targets for production)}' article, Seafood Trade Jour- nal, vol. 1, no. 7, July 1966, pp. 21- 230 printed. The Seafood Canners'! and Freez- ers' Association of India, Cochin, India. IOWA: gee, Biology Reports, vol. XVI, no. 1, Feb., Mar. 1966, 48 pp., illus. Bi- ae Section, Fish and Game Division, State Conservation Commission, East 7th and Court Sts., Des Moines, Towa 50309. Section on fisheries contains: ''West Oko- boji Lake walleye study --1964-65, " by Terry Jennings; ''A description of the Wapsipinicon River drainage with refer - ence to the fishes of the proposed Central City reservoir,'' by Robert Schacht; '"Mis- souri River Ox-Bow Lake fishery--Part 2: Walleye and sauger,'' by Bill Welker; and "Evaluation of the utilization of 13-inch and 3-inch bar measure buffalo nets on Des Moines River,'' by Gary L. Ackerman. IRRADIATION PRESERVATION: Food irradiation approaches commerciali- zation,'' article, Processing and Freezing, vol. 38, July 1965, pp. 8-9, printed, Ginn- Schrock Publishing Company, 612 N. Michi- gan Ave., Chicago, Ill. 60611. October 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 These publications are not available from the Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, but usually may be obtained from the organization issuing them. JAPAN: Bulletin of the Japanese Society of the Scien- tific Fisheries, vol. 31, no. 12, December 1965, pp. 955-1080, illus., printed in Japa- nese and English. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Includes arti- cles on: ''The reproduction situation of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) in Alaska - I. Pink salmon (QO. gorbuscha)," by Kisaburo Taguchi, pp. 957-963; The reproduction situation of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) in Alaska. II. Chum salmon (O. keta),"' by Kisaburo Taguchi, pp. 964-970; "Bathymetric change of daily hauls per boat in relation to daily catch by the Danish seiners of a fish-meal fleet fishing inthe Bering Sea,'' by Shiro Minami, pp. 971-976; "The discrimination of races of 52 and 63 aged sockeye salmon and their distributions in the northern Pacific," by Hiroshi Hirose and Ryuhei Sato, pp. 1,006 1,018; Distribution pattern of groundfishes hooked along a row of setline in the shal- lower part of the Continental Slope in the Bering Sea - IV. Distribution on a very easy slope,'' by Hiroshi Maéda, pp. 1,019- 1,025; "Studies on the effects of marine products on cholesterol metabolism in rats - V. The effects of edible seaweeds (supplement),"' by Takashi Kaneda, Pentula V. Kamasastri and Setsuko Tokuda, pp. 1,026 -1,029; "Studies onthe biological for- mationof formaldehyde and dimethylamine infish and shellfish - VII. Effect of methy - lene blue onthe enzymatic formation of for - maldehyde and dimethylamine from tri- methylamine oxide,'' by Kinjiro Yamada and Keishi Amano, pp. 1,030-1,037; ''Onthe behavior of fishto fishing nets (review),'' by Chihiro Miyazaki, pp. 1,049-1,080. KENYA: Report on Kenya Fisheries 1964, 30 pp., illus., printed, 1966, 3s. (42 U.S. cents). Republic of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. Re- ports on the inland fisheries of Western and Nyanza provinces; Lake Victoria fish- ery; fisheries of Lakes Naivasha and Ba- ringo; trout hatchery and fisheries; fish culture farm, Sagana station; Turkana fish- ery at Ferguson's Gulf, Lake Rudolf; in- land fisheries of Coast Province; sea fish- eries; plus fishery statistical tables on production, imports and exports, catch analysis, etc. MEDITERRANEAN: Studies and Reviews, processed. General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean, Secretariat, Food and Agriculture Organi- zation of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. No. 27--Labour-Saving Methods on Board Mediterranean Trawlers, 32 pp., illus., November 1965. No. 28--Preliminary Report on Fish Dis- tribution and Marketing in Sicily, 28 pp., illus., November 1965. No. 29--Sanitary Regulations for Molluscs, 19 pp., December 1eo No. 30--The Raising of Brown Trout and Rainbow Trout in Water at High Tempera- tures, 54 pp., illus., December 1965. MEXICO: Educacion Pesquera en Noruega (Fishery Education in Norway), Trabajos de Divul- gacion, vol. X, no. 92, 15 pp., processed in Spanish, Oct. 1964. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Biologico-Pesqueras, Direccion General de Pesca e Industrias Conexas, Secretaria de Industria y Comer- cio, Mexico D.F., Mexico. MICRONESIA: Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas Islands, by Leonard P. Schultz, Earl 8. Herald, Ernest A. Lachner, Arthur D. Welander, and Loren P. Woods, U.S. National Museum Bulletin 202, vol. 1, 717 pp., illus., printed, 1953, $2.75. Smithsonian Institution, Wash- ington, D. C. (Sold by Superintendent of Documents, U. 8. Government Printing Of- fice, Washington, D. C. 20402.) OCEANOGRAPHY: : Marine Sciences Instrumentation, by William C. Knopf and Herbert A. Cook, vol. 3, 295 pp., illus., printed, $12.50. Plenum Press. Proceedings of the Third National Marine Sciences Symposium (Miami, Fla. 1965); papers range from evaluation of the jet net and aspects of expandable instrumentation to discussion of sensors for the observation of wave height and wind direction. "Oceanography: PSAC (President's Science Advisory Committee) panel calls for setting 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 10 These publications are not available from the Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, but usually may be obtained from the organization issuing them. up new agency,'' article, Science, vol. 153, no. 3734, July 22, 1966, pp. 391-393, print - ed, single copy 35 cents. American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washing- ton, D. C. 20005. OYSTERS: Time and Intensity of Setting of the Oyster, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA, in Long Is- land Sound, by Victor L. Loosanoff, 17 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Biological Bulletin, vol. 130, no. 2, April 1966, pp. 211-227.) The Marine Biological Labora- tory, Woods Hole, Mass. POLAND: Technika i Gospodarka Morska (Marine Technology and Economics), vol. 16, no. 4, 120-162 pp., illus., with Bulletin (Biu- letyn Techniczny), no. 4(20), pp. 79-84, processed in Polish with Polish, Russian, and English contents, April 1966. P. P. Wydawnictwo Morskie, Al Waszyngtona 34, Gdynia, Poland. Contains, among others, articles on: "U.S. deep-sea fisheries in North-Atlantic waters,'' "Repair workshops in fishing enterprises,'' by K. Jaworski; "Operational merits of vessels of B-512 (m/s, Kolejarz) type,'' by J. Milobedzki; and ''Safety of life at sea conference," by W. Kon. SALMON: Effects of Log Driving on the Salmon and Trout Populations in the Stellako River, by Technical Staffs of the Canada Department of Fisheries and the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission in Collabo- ration with the Fish and Wildlife Branch, B. C. Dept. of Recreation and Conserva- tion, International Pacific Salmon Fisher - ies Commission Progress Report No. 14, 91 pp., illus., processed, 1966. Interna- tional Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commis- sion, P. O. Box 1120, New Westminister, B. C., Canada. SEA WATER: "Lipids in sea water," by Lela M. Jeffery, 214, printed. The American Oil Chemists! Society, 33 East Wacker Drive, Chicago, Ill. 60601. SPAIN: “La exportacion Gallega de conservas en 1965" (Galicia's exports of canned fishery products in 1965), by Mareiro, pp. 123-124; "Las industrias de la pesca en Galicia du- rante el ano 1965" (The fishing industry in Galicia during 1965), pp. 129-130; articles, Industria Conservera, vol. XXXII, no. 323, May 1966, printed in Spanish, single copy 25 ptas, (about US$0.40). Union de Fabri- cantes de Conservas de Galicia, Marqués de Valladares, 41, Vigo, Spain. SWEDEN: "Forandringar hos fiskmuskelproteiner vid nedfrysningen och deras inhibering med hjalp av fostfater" (Changes in fish pro- teins in freezing and their inhibition with phosphates), by T. Kuusi, O. E. Nikkila, and R. Kytokangas, article, Kulde, vol. 19, no. 4, August 1965, pp. 128-130, illus., printed in Swedish. TUNA: "Studies on the retention of colour of frozen tuna. II, Effect of storage temperature on preventing discolorationof tuna meat dur- ing freezing storage"; III. ''The discolora- tion of tuna meat duringthe storage at tem- perature near the freezing point,'' by M. ety of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 31, no. 7, July 1965, pp. 534-539 and pp. 540-545, illus, printedin Japanese. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. TURKEY: Balik ve Balikcilik, vol. XIV, no. 5, May 1966, 31 pp., illus printed in Turkish. Et ve Balik Kurumu G.M., Balikgilik, Midurlugu, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey. Includes arti- cles on: 'Deniz yosunlarindan kirmizi algler (Kirmizi su Yosunlari) (Kisim V)" (The red algae--Part V), by Hikmet Akgunes, pp. 9-13; ''Soguk ve balikcilik I, Dunya den- izlerinde hizli dondurma tatbikati (Kisim II)" (Cold storage and fishing, application of quick freezing on board (Part II), by Mak. Y. Muh. Erol Ertas, EBK Tesisat Miditirlugu. U.S.S.R.: "La piscicultura en Rusia" (Fish culture in Russia), article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. 39, no. 919, August 1965, illus., printed in October 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 These publications are not available from the Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, but usually may be obtained from the organization issuing them. Spanish, single copy 50 ptas. (about US$0.85). Industrias Pesqueras, Apartado 35, Policarpo Sanz, 21-2, Vigo, Spain. tional Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560. (Sold by Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Wash- ington, D. C. 20402.) UNITED KINGDOM: The Cod and Cod Fishery at Faroe, by B. W. Jones, article, Fishery Investigations, YUGOSLAVIA: Morsko Ribarstvo, vol. 17, no. 10, Septem- series II, vol. XXIV, no. 5, 36 pp., illus, printed, single copy 11s. 5d. (US$2.20), Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, London, England. (For sale by Brit- ish Information Services, 845 3rd Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10022.) "Spotlight on Torry,'' article, Modern Re- frigeration, vol. 68, no. 808, July 1965, pp. 659-660, illus., printed. Refrigera- tion Press Ltd., Maclaren House, 131 Great Suffolk Street, London, S.E.1, Eng- land. A description of the work of the Torry Research Station. VESSELS: "Steel crab boat features outstanding sea- kindliness," article, Fish Boat, vol. 11, Mar. 1966, pp. 26-27, printed. H. L. Peace Publications, 624 Gravier St., New Orleans, La. 70150. WHALES: Catalog of Living Whales, by Philip Hersh- kovitz, Bulletin 246, 267 pp., printed, 1966, $1.00. Smithsonian Institution, U. S. Na- ber -October 1965, printed in Serbo-croa- tian; Morsko Ribarstvo, V. Bogota 3, P.O.B. 185, Rijeka, Yugoslavia. Contains these articles: 'Simpozij: Riblje meso u naSoj prehrani" (Symposium: The role of fish in our nutrition), pp. 162-164; 'Bioekolog- ija tunja: migracije tunja'' (Bio-ecology of tunas: tuna migrations), by D. Morovié, pp. 165-171; "Organoleptiéka svojstva kao faktor ocjene kvalitete i higijenske isprav- nosti tune'' (Organoleptic characteristics as a factor in the evaluation of the quality and hygienics of tuna products), by R. Cele-' brini, pp. 172-173; ''Ubrzani porast po- troSnje ribe u Jugoslaviji--kategoritki imperativ ekonomskog razvoja" (Rapid in- crease of fishery consumption in Yugo- slavia is imperative for economic develop- ment), by B. Juri¢, pp. 174-176; "Osli¢; Merlucius merlucius L."' (European hake; Merlucius merlucius L.) by J. Basiolo, pp. 182-184; "NaSi ribarski brodovi su brodovi Jugoslavenske trgovatéke morna- rice posebne namjene" (Our fishing ves- sels are vessels of the Yugoslav Merchant Marine used for special purposes), by L. Kos, pp. 190-191. Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior--a department of conservation--is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonre- newable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are con- served for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States--now and in the future. ~ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY STANLEY A. CAIN, ASSISTANT SECRETARY, FISH AND WILDLIFE AND PARKS CLARENCE F, PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER, FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE DONALD L. McKERNAN, DIRECTOR BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES The U.S.D.1. inspector has completed an extensive training program which pre- pares him for the inspection service. He has served under an experienced fishery inspection supervisor and has acquired a thorough knowledge of the techniques — involved. Additional training supplies him © with the abilities to inspect specific com- modities. He is backed by government laboratories which maintain all the | analysis equipment needed for com- | modities of his area. For further information on Standards and Inspection Services on fishery products, direct your request to; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES WASHINGTON, D.C, 20240 or to the field office of the USDI inspection service serving your area. COVER: Commercial Pacific Coast trawler St. Michael re- trieves a 30,000-pound catch of Pacific hake in Puget Sound. Exploratory surveys by Bureau of Commercial Fisheries (BCF) during 1962-1964 located this large unexploited re- source. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Review A comprehensive view of United States and foreign fishing industries--including catch, processing, market- ing, research, and legislation--prepared by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Managing Editor: Edward Edelsberg Contributing Editors: J. Pileggi & G. A. Albano Production Manager: Jean Zalevsky Production: Alma Greene (Chief Compositor) and Mary Andrews The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife make up The Fish and Wildlife Service of The United States Department of the Interior. Throughout this book, the initials BCF stand for the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Address correspondence and requests to: Commercial Fisheries Review, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions of these sources. Although the contents have not been copyrighted and maybe reprinted freely, reference to source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director, Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $6.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing. CONTENTS UNITED STATES: Events and Trend's o4 23 syerccis oes cocnvetel eh» » tate Shay icra reeewee ieosse nme es ; sruskente Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Programs. Federal Actions ...... 6600 00 5G: O60 OO FIC ALU S iain estem ecto eeetrs “a. vo) -re Melnrel Peteuretr ool sitions INTERNATIONAL....... oy ewehier aie enieie 5 ; FOREIGN: SUR ODES Hie its teers en eluewieneneatel vor alten 1e d 60 60°00 nine IAS Var raysicy. erste ie, elceice. “s 310’ '6.'0 0 Dito Ova Ola 6 Canada ... Bite ibeihe: ch etece eiaciteleiceuiebe 5000 Latin & South enenioae sibeimreiLiehyou cuisinekish (ok hte ous PUB ICATIONS iain clic. civeiielis) ool e «te oye terion ole ie. Three mainstays of fishing industry: skilled hands and nylon net. Average age of fishermen continues to rise as too few youths choose the sea. Nylon makes possible large nets and large catches. (Photo: Rex Gary Schmidt) D. L. McKernan Sees Bright Future for Fishing Industry Although its catch has been distanced by the world catch, the value of United States fishery products at both the fisherman's and consumer's level has never been higher, Donald L. McKernan said at the dedication of the new Gorton plant at Gloucester, Mass., on September 23. On November 1, Mr. McKernan ended his 10-year directorship of the Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries and assumed his new re- sponsibilities as Special Assistant to the Sec - retary of State for Fish and Wildlife. In 1965, he said, the value of the domestic catch of fishery products at the fishermen's level increased 18 percent, while the gross national product increased only 8 percent. This increase was not due to price inflation. In fact, he noted, fish prices adjusted for cost-of-living increases have not increased since 1962. Instead, the increase came from greater production of more valuable varie- ties of fish and new and desirable products for the kitchen. The burgeoning populations of both the af- fluent and impoverished nations, greater harvests from the sea, and a stream of new fishery products will stimulate and insure the growth of the fishing industries of this nation and the world, Mr. McKernan said. What about the demand for fishery prod- ucts in the years ahead? Mr. McKernan referred to a BCF study based on a modest population growth in the United States, dis- posable income in the future, and expected per-capita consumption of fish. During 1964, the study showed, the United States, witha population of 192 million, was consuming 12 billion pounds of fish in all forms. A popu- lation projection to 1970 shows 209 million people; to the year 2000, 340 million. The use of fishery products, domestic and im- ported, will most likely be about 15 billion pounds in 1970 and 28 billion in 2000--23 times the 1964 use. And, Mr. McKernan added, if the fishing industry develops more high-quality, convenient, and economical products, the yearly requirements in 2000 may be 38 billion pounds in the United States alone. Greater Harvests and Industrial Wizardry He said that most experts predict the mul- tiplication of the world fish catch. He him- self predicted that if the United States har- vested efficiently the available living re- sources of the sea and learned to improve the farming of the sea's edge (aquaculture), the sea could easily produce at least 5 times, and maybe more, its present harvest. The sea could be a powerful force in alleviating food deficiency throughout the world. Not only are fish abundant, he said, but it is practical to develop products that will in- crease their acceptability to the world's pop- ulation. "Industrial wizardry" has only scratched the surface. For those who want fresh fish in the skin, this 'wizardry'' prom- ises to preserve the delicate flavor and tex- tures much longer than now possible--by ir- radiation, freeze drying, and by chemical freezing using liquid nitrogen and other chem - icals. The first fish protein concentrate has been produced in a variety of colors, tastes, and forms (from a coarse dried cake or colorless powder to a colorful and pungent sauce). All these concentrates, he asserted, are excep- tionally nutritious, well preserved, and eco- nomical, The Many Attributes of Fish Mr. McKernan said that Americans are the most nutrition-conscious people in the world and that fish and shellfish are essen- tial requirements for a well-planned family diet. These foods are Suitable for all age- groups--but uniquely suited tothe very young and old, the most rapidly increasing segments of the population, They are excellent addi- tions to the diets of people suffering from dietary deficiency diseases. And eminent medical authorities recommend increased use of fish to lower high blood-cholesterol levels. He said he was not urging people to eat fish and shellfish only because of these nu- tritional and health values. These foods have more to recommend them: ‘convenience, 28, No. 11 Vol COMPLETE PROTEIN ) a tp TE BRAIN OO SBE CLS Oe LIC CARBOHYDRATES ROOD $5052 2 Xx MINERALS es £5 PSS 55050 COMMERCIALFISHERIES REVIEW co} Ha 9D oa 8.5 90 o .9.0 © OD PpROos Bu ‘git gage? ag5q Sm 985 oe F Homey Oras 3 250 fh cle} ©) St - Py =} EEE: gus ery ome ee ae = ooo - nas = dt eM 2 dO 3 8 o- oo2an s 44 Qo 8 ZOOS So ah as Gsied o ob oacea aa 90 be > Oo Seg Ba SODg om OM a S=> eS Aq fs ot! qi mw Saoy oe Eoime) ay SEmk Oo un PS o:d MN B= Sa OY 5 or uu GO gs Oe S93 3NO_, ~2 Bos 3 O a> 3 gq 0 or ou as Pid © Be BP ag Sa poe @ ,, a e) Bom or?s tow 4 =) Ad ga a oa Bo goa ie} os Faus bal re og gu 5a x ° we of B® So So ws eo wie Ke] 2 or Se ° Ha NO See SS rs of ans oa mo. aE pe LL, Lj O Y) Ee LL. Lu Z. Lu faa) ® 1c — VITAMINS Si EES o, ates rate i November 1966 UNITED STATES EVENTS AND TRENDS Industrial Fishery Products IMPORTS SUSTAIN FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES SUPPLY Based ondomestic production and imports, the available supply of fish meal in the Unit- ed States for the first 8 months of 1966 was 435,953 short tons--1,327 tons (or 0.3 per- cent) less than the same period in 1965. Do- mestic production was 53,713 tons (or 28.7 percent) lower--but imports were 60,222 tons (or 24.8 percent) higher than in January-Au- gust 1965. Peru continued to lead with ship- ments of 186,903 tons. U.S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January-August 1966 =a Jan.-Aug. Total Item 1966 | 1965 1965 . (Short Tons). Fish Meal and Scrap: Domestic production: GCreounrchige« Sigg 56-5 ool oo G10 0 7,368 8,591] 10,696 InSite? 5 .6.6.cllo in ago oeceo.ceoeo, an 7,747] 10,049] 12,932 Nienhacenwly/imaryencn mee eielskcre 90,059] 139,321 | 175,959 Tuna and mackerel......... 20,595] 16,388) 25,399 Wnclals'Sifie isi wstsas ure ereeres 1,999 12,688] 17,360 Total production 2/...... eee 187,037 | 242,346 Imports: (CAWECEL. 5-5 6 Slee o Olu cusctuneoc cord 31,729] 28,987] 43,830 PEAY 6 gob Gob out OOo Goo OO 186,903 | 201,358 | 209,801 Oma 65°46 5 6 Goa Ge Colo OO Dror 61,951 5,128 INORAWEN ofo 6 dildo oaip ad bp o0 ob OD 8,593 49 IS OnmAMII C A EYG Dm yetiei iol ie) e) «) = el elie! 6,040 2,900 @themicountniesiy secs. keen ele a3 3,985 Motalbimipontsieuss ccna serene 302,629 | 242,407 | 270,666 Available fishmeal supply ..... [435,059 | 437,200 524,717 Fish Solubles 3/: Domestic production. ........ | 59,780] 72,133] 94,839 | Imports: (CRIBS 6''6 Gb -bi ghana G06 0/Ge0,p 1,064 1,095 1,488 INIERBOO +g ora! glad ol 6 oxoldsod! O10 0 279 152 227 EAC TaUV apa eueenol tet oitet tet ale PearanivelCe! Vette’ nlite 1,941 1,504 2,598 @thHersCOUNtMiSS wire ve ieMeks bette. 360 770 825 | otalhimports psi eee eee 3,644 R520 5,138 Available fish solubles supply ...| 63,424] 75,654 1/Includes other species. /Does not include small quantity of shellfish and marine ani- mal meal and scrap because production data are not availabl monthly. 13 /Wet-weight basis except for imports from South Africa Re- public (included in "other countries"). Source: BCF and U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. The United States supply of fish solubles during January-August 1966 amounted to 63,424 tons--adecrease of 16.2 percent com- pared with same 1965 period. Domestic pro- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 duction of fish solubles decreased 17.1 per- cent, but imports of fish solubles increased 3.5 percent. ste ste gle se oke HK Ok OS SOS FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES PRODUCTION DOWN, OIL UP During August 1966, 21 million pounds of marine animal oils and 28,084 tons of fish meal were produced. Compared with August 1965, this was a decrease of about 16.0 mil- lion pounds of oils and 13,991 tons of fish meal and scrap. Fish solubles production was 12,207 tons--a decrease of 5,783 tons from August 1965. U. S. Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, August 1966 1/ with Comparisons J Aug. Jan.-Aug. Total Product | 1/966 | 1965 } 1/1966] 1965 | 1965 —~———4 . (Short Tons). Fish Meal and Scrap: Groundfish...... 1,014] 1,180] 7,368) 8,591] 10,696 Hernringeyen-w-k kas: 2,870} 3,318 7,747! 10,049) 12,932 Menhaden 2/..... 19,516|33,391| 90,059j139,321]175,959 Tuna and mackerel 3,056} 2,573) 20,595) 16,388] 25,399 Unclassified..... 1,628] 1,613) 7,555) 12,688] 17,360 Total 3/ S aoto 28,084/42,075]133, 324 /187,037/242,346 Fish Solubles: Menhaden2/..... 9,514]15,488] 43,153] 57,501) 73,181 Unclassified..... 2,693) 2,502] 16,627] 14,632] 21,658 + Mota Wershenet ewe | 12,207]17,9901 59,780] 72,133] 94,839 6D, O00 .(1,000 Pounds). Sys A Oil, body: Groundfish...... 133 273) 1,193] 1,962) 2,441 HETGIN Eienenene nel sits 2,009] 1,850} 5,341) 6,902) 8,543 Menhaden 2/..... 17,713/34,503} 98,147/142,463)/175,202 Tuna and mackerel 703 634] 3,240} 2,798] 4,793 Unclassified (inc. whale) ieqemet el cnet. 1,205 503] 3,801] 2,449) 4,521 Total oil 37,763}111,722]156,574]195,500 1/Preliminary data, 2/Includes small quantity of other species. 3/Does not include small quantity of shellfish and marine ani- mal mealand scrap because production data are not available monthly. Source: U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries. 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Slight Rise in Can Shipments for Fishery Products, January-July 1966 In January—July, 1,800,821 base boxes of steel and alu- | —— minum were used to make |. Cay) cans shipped to fish and shell- fish canning plants. This compares with 1,756,091 base boxes used during the same periodin1965. Note: Statistics cover all commercial and captive plants known to be producing metal cans. A "'base box"' is an area of 31, 360 square inches, equivalent to 112 sheets 14" x 20" size. Tonnage figures for steel (tinplate) cans are derived by using factor 23.7 base boxes per short ton of steel. Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Canned Fish Purchases Planned by Defense Supply Agency A list of planned procurements of canned meat, poultry, andfishery products for fiscal 1967 (July 1, 1966-June 30, 1967) a= was published recently by the Defense Supply Agency, De- fense Personnel Support Cen- ter (DPSC), Philadelphia, Pa. The fishery products included canned salm- on and tuna. According to the forecast, DPSC willpur- chase 3,889,200 cans of red or sockeye salm- on (No. 1 tall cans) during fiscal 1967. An- ticipated purchases of canned tuna are: 5,090,400 cans (12.5/13-0z.) and 5,560,800 cans (6.5/7-o0z.). Inventions METHOD FOR RAISING BASS AND FROGS PATENTED Recently patented was a new method of fertilizing pond water with organic matter to increase diatomes and bacteria--and in- duce growth of daphnia and midges--so that 5 to 50 times more fish may be produced per acre per year than by any other method. (U. S. Patent No. 3,158,135 issued Howard J. Kimmerle, 5602 Long Beach Blvd., Long Beach, Calif.) Vol. 28, No. 11 SUBMERGIBLE FLOATING BAIT TANK PATENTED A submergible floating bait tank provides small-boat fishermen better means of keep- ing live bait. The inventor claims the main advantages of this tank over existing designs are that it can be towed faster than 20 knots to the fishing grounds. It travels submerged below surface turbulence, protecting and re- vitalizing the bait, and it floats handily near the gunwale during fishing. It is a stream- lined shell of plastic with foam flotation Submergible floating bait tank. blocks. Perforations provide proper water circulation, certain perforations being cov- ered by panels during speed runs. It is said to be easy and cheap to make. (U.S. Patent No. 3,036,400 issued William B. Anderson, 2089 Orange Ave., Costa Mesa, Calif.) -&.. Transportation SEC. UDALL SUPPORTS RAILWAY EXPRESS PETITION TO ICC TO REMOVE RULE The Railway Express Agency (REA) has petitioned the Interstate Commerce Commis- sion (ICC) to remove a rail-haul restriction from its many motor carrier certificates. These ICC certificates authorize REA to op- erate trucks over the highways beyond de- livery limits--but they specify that these shipments must be immediately preceded or followed by rail removal. Since 1940, there has been a reduction of passenger train service of the railroads that handle express traffic. As a result, REA has had to obtain motor carrier operating author - ity in order to continue nationwide service. Passenger train service today is such that November 1966 REA cannot give complete nationwide serv- ice if part of the move must be by rail. Interior Secretary Stewart L. Udall sup- ports the REA petition because the agency is the only nationwide carrier handling fresh fish packed in ice. It is also the only carrier providing re-icing service en route. The petition is opposed by motor carriers and the American Trucking Associations, which fear traffic loss. i pal 1965 Great Lakes Commercial Fishery U. S. and Canadian commercial fishermen caught about 98.6 million pounds of fish inthe Great Lakes in 1965, according to BCF and Ontario Department of Lands and Forests. Landings in 8 Great Lakes states totaled 54.1 million pounds, or 600,000 pounds above 1964's record low. Ontario waters contrib- uted 44.5 million pounds, up 9.5 million from 1964, due largely to marked rise in catch of yellow perch in Lake Erie, The 1965 U. S.-Canadian landings were worth $10.8 million, up $1.3 million over 1964 and the highest since 1961. U. S.catch was $5.7 million, up $300,000 from 1964; the Canadian catch rose $1 million to $5.1 mil- lion in 1965, Lake Basins COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 from 5.8 million pounds in 1964 to about 1.3 million last year, the lowest catch for this species Since the 1930s. Lake Erie waters provided the largest source of supply for Great Lakes commercial fishermen, The 1965 U. S.-Canadian catch totaled 48.6 million pounds. Yellow perch was the leader. Thecatch in U. S. waters was 3.2 million pounds; in Canadian, 18.6 million. U. S. landings of this species more than dou- bled the 1964 figure but were still far below most recent years. The Canadian increase of more than 10 million pounds over the poor 1964 season returned it to the 1961-63 level. A strong 1962 year class became available to the Erie fishery last year: it is expected to Support an equal or larger 1966 production. For the Lake Huron-Georgian Bay area, the commercial catch totaled 8.2 million pounds, or about 180,000 above 1964. An in- crease in U. S. production offset a moderate Canadian decline. Leading species were chubs, yellow perch, and whitefish; chubs ac- counted for one-third of the total catch in weight. The Lake Superior catch was 11 million pounds; U. S, landings were nearly four-fifths of the total. This was smallest amount since early 1920s, due primarily to the drop in U. S, catch of lake herring to record low of 4.7 mil- lion pounds, The 1965 Canadian catch of lake herring was 1.6 million pounds, also down from other recent years, A brighter note was provided by the U.S. catch of chubs, which Canadian Waters 1965 1964 Oat O40 OD. 00/0 (Thousands of Pounds)...» se ee ee aLala Aon 54, 156 53,559 Ontariolenen. 217 267 5660 OO 13,524 13, 354 35,096 - - 886 4,674 4,094 3,568 26,994 26, 201 - Pennsylvania ... Wisconsinty) <<. Superior 9, 642 1/Canadian waters include Georgian Bay and North Channel. Lake Michigan continued to have largest share of U. S. commercial catch--just under 50 percent. However, the alewife, a low-val- ue species, comprised over half the catch-- 14 million of the 27 million total. Larger chubs for human consumption were a more valuable gain; they totaled close to 6.5 mil- lion pounds, or 3.1 million over 1964. How- ever, there was a sharp drop in-yellow perch, exceeded 2 million pounds in 1965 for the first time. Most of this catch was the larger size smoked for the retail market. Red Dye Speckles 800 Miles of Missouri River An 800-mile stretchof the Missouri River received a series of harmless, bright, red- dye 'injections" last month by hydrologists of Minnesota Colorado KANSAS city (= (Mo.) Oklahoma COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 11 Interior's Geological Survey. The injections will be repeated in December, when the riv- er's flow rate is different. The project is aimed primarily at obtain- ing useful information on the behavior of wa- ter-borne contaminants under varying stream - CANADA BOONVILLE - > “SEFFERSON CITY , ne WASHINGTON & | Tennessee Alabama MEXICO Un Locations at which red dye was poured into Missouri River in October 1966. River NW will be treated again in December. November 1966 flow conditions. Such information will be used by Federal and State agencies for engi- neering applications, especially the monitor - ing and control of pollution in the Missouri River. The red dye "'time-of-travel'' study was carried out in cooperation with the Corps of Engineers, Weather Bureau, and State agen- cies in Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska, and South Dakota. More than a ton of the red dye, known as Rhodamine BA, was poured into the Missouri at 10 sites stretching from Yankton, South Dakota, to Washington, Missouri. The project calls for samples to be taken around the clock at 24 sites in the 800-mile reach. In December, 1,460 pounds of dye will be injected into the river when its flow rate is reduced. Shrimp Imports Hit New High The United States imported record amounts of shrimp during the first six months of 1966. Mexico was by far the primary supplier. Imports of all shrimp (fresh, frozen, can- ned, and dried) from all countries were 79.1 million pounds, compared with 78.6 million pounds for first-half 1965. Shrimp is second only to tuna in per-cap- ita consumption in the United States. The average person ate about 1.25 pounds of shrimp last year. Slightly over half the sup- ply is imported. Record Season for Bluefin Tuna Bluefin tuna are being captured in record numbers on the West Coast. By mid-September, according to BCF estimates, the 1966 total landings and catch- es stillat sea--nearly 17,000 short tons--had already exceeded the entire previous record year of 1962 by about 1,000 tons. Totalblue- fin landings for 1966 should fall between 17,250 and 17,500 tons. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 There are Several reasons for the banner season: Mass conversion of high-seas bait- boats to purse-seine fishing in 1960-1961 made possible increased catches of eastern Pacific bluefin tuna. New large-capacity ves- sels have expanded the fishery range 300 to 500 miles southward and farther offshore. Favorable weather in May and June this year contributed to a June catch of over 5,000 tons south of Punta Eugenia, Baja California, Mex- ico. Average 1945 to 1965 production there for the month was only 605 tons. ¢ a —— Wholesale Prices and Indexes for Edible Fish and Shellfish, September 1966 Prices for some fresh finfish items rose from August to September 1966. The whole- sale index for edible fishery products (fresh, frozen, and canned) was 131.4 percent of the 1957-59 average, up 1.5 percent. Compared with September 1965, the overall index had increased 13.1 percent because of higher prices for nearly all items. Prices were substantially higher than a year earlier for many fresh and frozen fishery products and all canned fish products. The subgroup index for drawn, dressed, or whole finfish went up 2.9 percent from Au- gust to September. Prices were higher at Chicago for Lake Superior fresh whitefish (12.2 percent) because of good demand during the Jewish Holidays; Boston prices for ex- vessel large haddock were up 4.2 percent. At New York City, prices for fresh salmon were up 2.6 percent; for Great Lakes round yellow pike, they dropped 1.7 percent from August; they remained unchanged for west- ern fresh and frozen halibut. Compared with September 1965, this September's index was downonly slightly. Prices were sharply higher than in September 1965 for whitefish (43.5 per- cent) and slightly higher for salmon (6.6 per- cent); lower prices for the subgroups remaining items produced were responsible for the 0.1- percent index drop from September 1965. Higher Prices for Shucked Oysters Higher prices from August to September for standard shucked oysters (wholesale price up $1 a gallon) at Norfolk produced 5.1- 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 11 Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes for Edible Fish and Shellfish, September 1966 Point of Pricing Group, Subgroup, and Item Specification Avg. Prices 1/ Indexes (3) (1957-59=100) ALL FISH & SHELLFISH (Fresh, Frozen, & Canned) . Aug, 1966 Sept. 1966 Fresh 7s Fishery Products: ......-. Drawn, Dressed, or Whole Finfish: ......- Haddock, Ige., offshore, drawn, fresh . . Halibut, West., 20/80 Ibs., drsd., fresh or froz. Salmon, king, ige, & med., drsd., fresh or froz. Whitefish, L, Superior, drawn, fresh ..... Yellow pike, L, Michigan & Huron, rnd,, fresh Processed, Fresh (Fish & Shelifish):. ... . Fillets, haddock, sml,, skins on, 20-1b, tins Shrimp, Ige, (26-30 count), headless, fresh Oysters, shucked, standards Processed, Frozen Fillets: Flounder, s sh & Shellfish): inless, 1-Ib, pkg, - = = Haddock, sml,, skins on, 1-1b, pkg, - Ocean perch, lIge., skins on 1-ib, pkg. Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), brown, 5-1b, pkg, -asné | 1909 | i901 {078 | 109.3 | 116.6 128.9} 93.7 134.9 | 122.3 Canned Fishery Products: .. 570.006 ~ Salmon, pink, No, 1 tall (16 oz.), 48 cans/cs, Tuna, 1t, meat, chunk, No, 1/2 tuna (e ae OZ)» 48 cans/cs. .. Mackerel, jack, Calif., ‘No, 1 tall (15 oz, )» 48 cans/cs, Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, 1/4 drawn (3-3/4 0z.), 100 cans/cs, eo © © © © © © © © © © © © 8 1/Represent average prices for one day (Monday or Tuesday) during week in which 15th of month occurs. Prices are pub- lished as indicators of movement, not necessarily absolute level. Reports" for actual prices. Source: percent increase in subgroup index for proc- essed fresh fish and shellfish. Prices were lower for fresh haddock fillets (2.2 percent) at Boston, but they were unchanged at New York City for South Atlantic fresh shrimp. Compared with September 1965, this Septem - ber's index was up 28.2 percent because of sharply higher prices for fresh shrimp (38.8 percent) and shucked oysters (24.1 percent). Prices for fresh haddock fillets were down 6.3 percent from September 1965, The processed frozen fish and shellfish subgroup index rose only slightly (0.4 per- cent) from August to September because of higher prices at Boston for small haddock fillets (2.5 percent). But prices for frozen flounder fillets were down 2.4 percent and 1.6 percent for ocean perch fillets. Septem- See daily Market News Service "Fishery Products U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. ber 1966 prices for frozen shrimp at Chicago were unchanged. The September subgroup index was 25.4 percent above September 1965; prices were higher for all items-- sharply higher for frozen shrimp (40.3 percent). The September 1966 subgroup index for canned fishery products dropped 0.7 percent from August because of lower prices for can- ned pink salmon (down 1.8 percent). Thenew season pack of Alaska pink salmon (about 2 million cases) greatly exceeded 1965's pack. Prices for all other items were unchanged from August. Compared with September 1965, prices this September were higher for all items in the subgroup, and the index was 7.3 percent higher. (BCF Fishery Market News Service.) fi November 1966 STATES Alaska SALMON PACK HIGHEST SINCE 1949 Fishermen and processors will long re- member the excellent Alaska salmon season. It started witha 12-year high: 95,000 case pack of sockeye from the Copper River area. Then the Bristol Bay sockeye run provided for a pack of nearly three-quarters of a million cases, And then came the heavy runs of pink and chum salmon to Kodiak, Cook Inlet, and Prince William Sound. For short periods, fisher- men in these areas were placed on daily limits--some as low as 500 fish per day. To relieve the pressure, Governor Egan invited Japanese factoryships to come into Cook In- let and buy excess salmon from the fisher- men. In all, the Japanese purchased 220,000 fish. About the middle of August, southeastern Alaska began to feel the impact of a tremen- dous run of pinks and, to a lesser extent, chums. On September 4, the pack of pinks in southeastern Alaska totaled well over a million cases. With a week to go in south- eastern Alaska--and a total Alaska pack of 3,822,000 cases to September 4--it looks like a 4-million-case pack this year. One must go back to 1949 to find a better pack. Based on comparative 1965 data, Alaska salmon catch will total an estimated 330 mil- lion pounds in 1966. JUNEAU TO GET CARGO TERMINAL The Alaska Steamship Company has ac- quired 7 acres in Juneau to develop as amod- ern cargo-delivery terminal, The company is scheduled to begin regrading and resur- facing the plot that will be used as a van marshalling area. The new terminal will speed the handling of cargo to and from Ju- neau. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW New York POLLUTED HUDSON RIVER EXPELS LIVING THINGS Surveys during the past 3 summers have shown that the Hudson River, polluted by in- dustrialwastes and sewage, is becoming an "empty river.'' This was reported on Octo- ber 4-5 to a biological conference in Tuxedo, New York, sponsored by the New York Uni- versity Institute of Environmental Medi- cine and the New York State Department of Health. State, Federal, and academic experts at- tended. Many of them agreed that the Gov- ernment and the public were aroused enough to do something. The experts believe that the Hudson will never be returned to its former state, but in 10 years it may be clean enough so that other problems can be faced. Inpast 30 years, many species of shellfish and other creatures have vanished from the Hud- son, The salmon, abundant in colonial times, is gone. The giant sea sturgeon, which 100 years ago fishermen stacked like wood on the wharfs, hasbecomerare. There have been Seri- ous declines in inverte- brate species living inthe river. The last survey of river life, back in 1936, listed 24 predominant spe - cies of invertebrates-- Schenectady ea Ne rRoY e cE Wis hoes, Waterviiet eros Albany», e Rensselecr Domestic scwage only Domestic sewage and industrialwaste } Coxsackicl ‘Catskill /OHudson carsknt» = is STATE j & i a} OEE ota des Saugerties x of Rane Kingston NEW \ YORK Highlandll pPoughkeepsic Wappingers WO Falls iW, CHELSEA. PUMPING Heveurete A STATION e=" Beacon Coell . BEAR" MOUNTAIN AP Peekskj!! wv share! & 14}. Nao Ossining "| Z Z ee | HE : Pee Ocean New York Times map shows Hudson River pollution areas, according to Inte- rior Department's Water Pollution Control Admin- istration. 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW spineless animals like the copepods that are food for fish. The collection of the last 3 summers did not produce specimens from 8 of these species. Before 1880, the annual oyster cropinthe lower Hudsonwas 10-20 million pounds. To- day, oysters and clams are virtually gone. The waters of New York Harbor are so awful that even pests like the teredo (ship- worm) cannot stand them. (The teredo bores into and devastates wooden pilings.) Oregon COLUMBIA RIVER FALL FISH RUNS EXCELLENT "Every day is fish day now,'' said Herman P. Meierjurgen, chairman of the Oregon Fish Commission in late September, referring to fall salmon runs in the Columbia River. "It is a very Satisfying feeling to be confronted with good numbers of fish everywhere we look. The favorable catch and escapement of summer steelhead trout, fall chinook, and coho salmon were good. The escapement goals over Bonneville Dam set by manage- ment agencies for optimum production were exceeded. Summer -run steelhead, mostly destined for the upper Columbia and Snake River sys- tems, were A and B, or early and late, com- ponents; their escapement levelsare 85,000 and 35,000 fish, respectively. Ninety-nine thousand A and 41,000 B steelhead have been counted over Bonneville Dam, exceedingcom- bined goals by 20,000 fish. Commercial land- ings were down from the average of recent years, primarily because of restricted sea- sons. Sport fishing in the Columbia River has been generally good, although steelhead were just starting to move over Ice Harbor Dam in good numbers. Cooler water temp- eratures were luring them into the upper river and the range of Idaho anglers. Even though the run is slightly below average, the good spawning escapement portends favor- able returns, Vol. 28, No. 11 Chinook Escapement Goal Exceeded The fall chinook escapement goal is 100,000-125,000 fish over Bonneville Dam. As of September 27, the count was 147,000, although this included a higher than usual proportion of jacks: 18 percent this year, compared with the normal 11 percent. Hold- ing ponds have sufficient fish to exceed pro- gramed egg-takes to fill all stations. The ponds are in the hatcheries of the Fish Com- mission, Washington Department of Fisher - ies, and Interior Department's Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife in the Bonne- ville pool area and below. Landings from the gill-net fishery in the Columbia River below Bonneville Dam in August and September were estimated at about 2.6 million pounds, slight- ly below the average of 2.7 million pounds taken during the past 10 years. The Columbia River's commercial fishery is managed jointly by the Oregon Fish Com- mission and the Washington Department of Fisheries. The 2 agencies extended the late August season by 2 days to permit harvest of the apparent late fall chinook run. After a 23-day closure, they opened the September season when the escapement picture was fav- orable. Sport fishing at the mouth of the Columbia has been particularly good this season. A preliminary estimate was somewhere near 59,000 fall chinook, a record rod-and-reel take. A preliminary estimate of the troll chi- nook catch in late September from the Colum - bia River area, composed primarily of fall chinook of Columbia River origin, showed it as good as 1963, the best since 1956. The fall chinook picture for the Columbia River is encouraging for this year. Estab- lished escapement levels have been exceeded, the hatcheries have sufficient fish for capaci- ty egg-takes, sport catch was excellent, the river gill-net landings were about average, and the troll take better than average. The total run will be about 290,000, close to the average of the past 15 years. Coho Status Most Encouraging The coho picture was the most encourag- ing of all. Troll landings from the Columbia November 1966 River south to the California border, which included a large proportion of the Columbia River stocks, were over 5 million pounds by late September. These landings were some- what lower than last year's but better than any other year since 1935, The estimated sport catch of coho at the river's mouth has been second only to the 1965 record of 247,000 fish, and much great- er than the ten-year average of 90,000. The gill-net landings of coho probably ex- ceeded 1.5 million pounds the first fishing week of September. The season's total may exceed 1964's 1.9 million pounds--the best since 1938. Thirteen hatcheries on the lower Columbia River operated by state and Federal fishery agencies propagated coho, It was too early to expect coho in the hatchery ponds, but there should be no problem in reaching coho egg- taking goals for all hatcheries. The Bonneville count was 62,000, with 1,000 a day still going over. Although most of these fish are destined for hatcheries in the Bonneville pool area, many will spawn in upper river tributaries in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. With the significant restocking and transplanting efforts in the upper water - shed by Idaho, Washington, Oregon, and Fed- eral agencies, these record counts at Bonne- ville may be only the beginning. This is the third consecutive year of out- standing coho gill-net catches from the Co- lumbia River stocks. Aiding nature, man plays increasing role in this fish explosion, Major developments in fish culture techni- ques, particularly the development of the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11 Oregon pellet by the Oregon State University Seafoods lab and the Fish Commission as the main diet for this species, have contributed immeasurably. About 6 million pounds will be fed into the Columbia River system in 1966. Successful rearing has resulted in in- creased returns. It has contributed to the sport and commercial fisheries in Oregon, both in ocean and river. Excellent returns are also expected to continue this year at other Oregon Fish Commission hatcheries on the coastal rivers of Alsea, Nehalem, Siletz, and Trask. wil iN WS J Commonwealth of Puerto Rico SHRIMP TRAWLERS MAY ALSO HAVE MARKETS FOR FISH When the 84-foot, steel freezer shrimp trawler Amazon recently landed in Puerto Rico with 21,000 pounds of shrimp and 6,000 pounds of fish, it may have shown the poten- tial of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands as markets for incidental catches of fish by shrimp trawlers. Of the catch landed, croak- er and sea trout made up 80 percent, and 25 other species comprised the remainder. The Amazon was launched in March and its owner said then that it would operate off the northeast coast of South America for shrimp. But it has freezing capacity, and so it can utilize finfishtaken along with the shrimp. This is unusual in a field where the conventional shrimp trawlers discard the fish. FOAM DEVELOPED TO RAISE SUNKEN SHIPS Sunken ships as large as destroyers can be raised by inject- ing foam into them. A 590-ton barge was raised from 80 feet of water as partofa study for thé U. S. Navy's Bureau of Ships by a research corporation which developed the system. Divers first effect repairs to keep the foam from escaping and then the foam is injected. A limitof 375 feet for depth was given. The method costs about 60 percent of that for usual salvage methods. (Undersea Technology } 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 11 BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES PROGRAMS Alaska Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development COMMANDO SURVEYS BOTTOMFISH The charter vessel M/V Commando re- turned to Juneau, Alaska, on September 1, 1966, after a 7-week exploratory bottomfish survey off southeastern Alaska between Cape Spencer and Coronation Island. poet ao Fig. 1 - General area of operation, Cruise 66-2. Primary objectives: (1) to locate trawl- able fishing grounds and (2) obtain data on commercial concentrations of bottomfish. Secondary objectives: (1) to obtain informa- tion on suitability of fishing rough bottom with conventional otter trawls equipped with modified roller gear and (2) gain more in- formation on bathymetric and geographic distribution of demersal fish stocks common to waters of southeastern Alaska. Sampling gear was conventional 400-mesh eastern otter trawls equipped with roller gear. Echo-sounding transects were made to locate trawlable fishing grounds. Areas that appeared reasonably level were sampled, regardless of the bottom's consistency. Soundings ranged between 60 and 250-fathom isobaths, but were generally concentrated in waters lying over the edge of the Continental Shelf. Forty-one of the 53 drags attempted were successful in avoiding solid hang-ups or trawl damage. While areas of soft bottom were noted, predominately hard bottom existed for much of the area surveyed. This was shown (Cruise 66-2.) by echo-recorder and attested by deeply scoured and dented steel otter boards and bobbins. Legend: - Area surveyed. e - Bottom drags. --- - 100-fathom curve. Fig. 2 - Northern area of operation. Rockfish were the dominant group col- lectzd. The largest catch for a single spe- cies (Haul No. 48--10,500 pounds) occurred due west of Coronation Island in 120 fathoms of water, where 9,000 pounds of sharpchin rockfish were taken. Listed in order of decreasing abundance, and collected in quantities of 100 or more pounds for any single tow, were: Pacific ocean perch (Sebastodes alutus), sharpchin rockfish (S. zacentrus), Alaska pollock (Ther-- agra chalcogrammus), turbot (Atheresthes stomias), black cod (Anoplopoma fimbria), silvergray rockfish (S. brevispinis), yellow - tail rockfish (S. flavidus), stripetail rockfish (S. saxicola), rex sole (Glyptocephalus zachi- November 1966 rus), rougheye rockfish (S. aleutianus), idiot rockfish (Sebastolobus alascanus). CAPE ~ ~ OMMANEY Legend: == - Area surveyed. oe - Bottom drags. _- > 100-fathom curve. Fig. 3 - Southern area of operation. For more information, contact: Base Di- rector, Exploratory Fishing and Gear Re- search Base, Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries, P. O. Box 1668, Juneau, Alaska 99801, Phone: 586-7233. Caribbean and Tropical Atlantic Fisheries Exploration The George M. Bowers continued testing the efficiency of the electrical shrimp trawl inthe Texas shrimpingarea. Daytime catches with the electrical trawl are about equal to nighttime catches with the standard trawl. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 Great Lakes Fisheries Investigations KAHO CONFIRMS PRESENCE OF INDUSTRIAL FISH IN LAKE HURON Trawl fishing by the research vessel Kaho in a recent survey of the Saginaw Bay area of Lake Huron confirmed the presence of indus- trial fish. The 25-day exploratory cruise ended Sept. 15. A previous cruise (#34, which ended Aug. 11) had revealed alewife and carp populations large enough to support an in- dustrial type fishery for the production of fish meal, pet food, and mink food. Theaver- age catch throughout Saginaw Bay was 300 pounds per half-hour drag and, in the south- ern end of the Bay, over 580 pounds. Catch rates of 250 or more pounds with the small sampling net used are considered commer- cially significant even for the low-value spe- cies taken. Occurrence of these fish stocks in Lake Huron may encourage the emerging Lake Michigan industrial fishery to expand its operations. For more information, contact: Base Director, Exploratory Fishing Base, BCF, 5 Research Drive, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48103. Inland Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development HIODON EXPLORES OAHE RESERVOIR An August exploratory and gear testing cruise in the Oahe Reservoir, on the Missou- ri River in South and North Dakota, produced only fair results. Drags were made for the purpose of comparing catches made by the trawls used, to collect biological data, and to explore new trawling areas. Also, 12 repe- titive drags were made in a small bay over a 19-hour period to determine changes in catch. The average catch per drag for the entire cruise was 95 pounds. The central reservoir section produced 150 pounds per drag, and the upper and lower extremes prod- uced only 55 pounds per drag. Percentage composition of the catch by weight was: carp--65; Buffalofish--8; carpsucker--8; drum--2; channel catfish--2; Northern pike, sauger, walleye,and perch combined made up the rest. This catch composition compares with those of previous cruises this year and last. 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW For more information, contact: Base Di- rector, Exploratory Fishing Base, BCF, 5 Research Drive, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48103. North Atlantic Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development DELAWARE COMPLETES CLAM SURVEY The exploratory fishing vessel M/V Dela- ware completed a 29-day surf clam survey cruise on September 2. (Cruise 66-6, Aug. 5-Sept. 2.) Survey work was continued in Area IV (see figure 1) off the coast of Maryland and Delaware. Catches of surf clams varied from none to 18.3 bushels per 4-minute sur- vey tow, and from none to 13.3 bushels per 20-minute (simulated commercial) tow. An electrically-driven submersible pump was tested and utilized along with the conventional hydraulic jet dredge used for previous surf clam survey cruises. 518 survey tows were made in Area IV; 484 of these were standard tows and 34 were simulated commercial tows. Also 174 other tows were made to compare the efficiency of the submersible pump dredge with the stand- ard hydraulic jet dredge. A specially de- signed 48-inch (blade width) clam jet dredge equipped with a 65 hp. electrically-driven submersible pump was used during the en- tire cruise (figure 2). The same procedure of previous surveys was used. Stations were located at 1-mile intervals along 1-mile spaced grid lines. The 48-inch, hydraulic jet dredge, operating with either the submersible pump or the deck- mounted pump, was towed 4 minutes at each survey site and for 20 minutes at simulated commercial tow sites. Results: Of the 484 four-minute survey tows completed, 74 (about 15 percent) pro- duced catches that equaled or exceeded 1 bushelofsurfclams. This isthe highest ratio of good tows that were experienced to date. The largest catch for any standard 4-minute tow was 18.3 bushels. Many tows (252) pro- duced catches of nearly 1 bushel; 157 tows produced no surf clams. Simulated commer- cial tows were made at 34 stations in one section of Area IV; 12 of these produced catches of 4 or more bushels. Vol. 28, No. 11 a deeb delaeel! i, Fig. 2 - Surf clam dredge equipped with electrically-driven 65 horsepower pumping unit. Throughout the survey, consistent with previous findings, the size and distribution of surf clam catches varied with type of bot- tom sediment and water depth. Best results were obtained where the predominant bottom sediments were coarse sand, gravel, or a combination of both. The catch rate fell off considerably in the most shallow inshore wa- ters, less than 12 fathoms--apparently be- cause of unfavorable bottom sediments --and in the deeper offshore waters, although for the first time during survey work, occasional good catches were made at depths of 23 fath- omsto25fathoms. Generally, the best catches were taken inshore where depths varied be- tween 15 and 18 fathoms, and offshore where the depths varied between 18 and 21 fathoms (see figure 2). Size of Surf Clams: The 5- to 7-inch size group, which is within the most valuable size range for commercial utilization, was predom- inant in surf clam catches. Insome tows medi- um-size clamsof 3 to 5 inches were taken in largenumbers, The selectivity of the dredge reduced the number below this range to almost zero. The average size of clams taken in the smaller catches was generally larger than that from the larger catches. November 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 Legend: O-M/V Delaware. Cruise 66-6. & - Unsurveyed. - Surveyed by Mabel Susan 1963, © - Stations producing one or more bushels per four minute tow, ® - Stations producing four or more bushels per twenty minute tow. Fig. 1 - Surf clam Area IV and producing stations during M/V Delaware Cruise 66-6. 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Surf clam shells and other shellfish spe- cies common to the area were taken at most survey sites. A few tows were made where the catch consisted almost entirely of live surf clams. This same catch composition was also reflected in the commercial-length tows made in Area IV. Ocean Quahogs: Catches of ocean quahogs (Arctica islandica) were frequent and of large volume in some parts of Area IV. As ex- pected, the best catches were made in the more offshore parts of the area, and smaller catches coming from the inshore section. For the first time, large catches of this spe- cies occurred along with the surf clam atthe Same Survey site. One station, 18-19, prod- uced 3.1 bushels of surf clams and 8.6 bush- els of surf clams and 8.6 bushels of ocean quahogs, one of the largest catches of this species. Many of the smaller quahogs could, and undoubtedly did, escape through the slots of the dredge and rings of the chain bag dur- ing both the towing and haulback operations; greater quantities of small quahogs would likely be taken in a dredge with smaller slot spacing and bag meshes. Sea Scallops: Live sea scallops (Pecten irradians) and dead shells were present in many offshore survey catches. Live speci- mens were taken at 145 of these sites from one individual to 1 bushel per 4-minute tow. They were most abundant in the central part of the area's southeast quadrant. The size range for the specimens varied from 2 to 6 inches; some dead shells were nearly 8 inches long. For more information, contact Keith A. Smith, Base Director, or Phillip $8. Parker, EF&GR Base, State Fish Pier, Gloucester, Mass. 01930, Telephone: 617-283-6554. The Rorqual tested midwater trawls for one week in Rhode Island's Point Judith area in a joint venture of BCF's Gloucester Exploratory Fishing Base and Rhode Island's Department of Natural Resources. PL 88-309 funds were used. The Rorqual now is based at Boothbay Har- bor Biological Laboratory, Maine. Vol. 28, No. 11 North Atlantic Fishery Investigations DELAWARE CONDUCTS HERRING AND LOBSTER BIOLOGICAL SURVEY The Delaware returned toward the end of September from a Sea herring and lobster survey in the Georges Bank area, conducted under cooperative agreement with Boothbay Harbor Biological Laboratory. (Cruise 66-7, Sept. 14-23.) Purposes of the cruise wereto sample these populations and get related en- vironmental data, obtain samples of blood from lobsters, and make plankton tows for larval herring. C) Plankton & hydrographic stations. X Drift bottle & sea bed drifters H @ Herring traw 1 {J Lobster trawl] : : peprirrry SSeSeSe SSS oo ue F Tem 7° 70° 69° 68° 67° 66° 65° 64° Station positions of M/V Delaware Cruise 66-7. The area covered wasthe northernpart of Georges Bank, Corsair and Lydonia Canyons. Seven trawl sets (see chart) yielded about 1,200 pounds of herring; the 1960 and 1961 classes were dominant. Shipboard examina- tion of gonadal development showed only few of the herring had spawned. The majority were inthe late stage V of gonadal development. 8 trawl sets made at 2 stations in waters 45 to150 fathoms yielded 7 lobsters: 2 females and 5 males. Mean weight was 3 pounds, and the range in weight was 13-73 pounds. The plankton operation obtained no larval herring. For more information, contact BCF Bio- logical Laboratory, W. Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575. The Delaware's October cruise (industrial fish exploration) will be reported in the De- cember issue. VERARIEY November 1966 North Pacific Explorations and Gear Development COBB CRUISES FIND ONLY SMALL HAKE SCHOOLS Unlike 1964 and 1965, cruises by the John N. Cobb did not turnup large schools of hake off the Washington Coast. Cruise 79 ended August 5, and Cruise 80 ended September 2, after 3 weeks of exploratory fishing off Pa- cific Coast between Vancouver, B. C., and northern Oregon. The largest schools found were in the areas being fished by Soviet trawl- ers. The 4 United States vessels that are midwater trawling for hake have had to fish away from the main Soviet fleet onsmall and scattered schools. Landings by these 4 ves- sels totaled about 1,200 tons of hake through August 29. Gear research personnel have spent much time aboard our hake vessels at sea observing the performance of midwater trawls and BCF-installed telemetry systems. For more information, contact BCF Pa- cific Northwest Region, 6116 Arcade Bldg., Seattle, Wash. 98101. Sea South Atlantic Fisheries Investigations and Gear Development OREGON LONGLINES FOR SWORDFISH OFF FLORIDA'S EAST COAST The R/V Oregon completed an 11-day ex- ploratory cruise Off Florida's east coast to conduct seasonal fishing with longline gear for swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and with trawls for bottomfish concentrations. It re- turned toSt. Simons Island, Georgia, on August 27. (Cruise 111, August 16-27.) Five 60-basket (600 hooks) longline sets were made between 279 N and 309 N. Buoy drops on each set variedfrom 5 to 50 fathoms spaced at 10-basket intervals. Hooks were baited with thread herring (Opisthonema og- linum) and mullet (Mugil sp.) on alternating baskets. All sets were made at sunset and retrieved at daylight. One longline gear was set in the axis of the Gulf Stream off Stuart, Florida, 220 fath- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17 oms; two sets on Blake Plateau (Antilles Current) in 450 and 540 fathoms; one beyond the 1,000-fathom isobath east of Cape Kennedy, 2,600 fathoms, and one in the Gulf Stream off St. Augustine, Florida, 345 fathoms. Seven swordfish totaling 664 pounds were caught in depths of 5 to 30 fathoms in the Gulf Stream (Stuart and St. Augustine) and Blake plateau. Eleven tuna (4 species) weighing 342 pounds were caught on longline. No large concentrations of food or industrial fish were located. The 2 best single catches of fish were 1,304 pounds (spots, croakers, and whiting) and 843 pounds (spots, croakers, whiting, and silver trout) in the bight of Cape Kennedy. Small quantities of scattered brown, pink, and white shrimp were caught. For more information, contact Base Di- rector, BCF Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base HQ, Pascagoula, Miss. 39567. California’s Nautilus Tags Crabs The State of California's M/V Nautilus conducted a crab-tagging operation in the coastal waters off San Francisco and Bodega Bay from August 6-30. (Cruise Report 66-N-9 Crab.) Purposes of the mission were: totaga maximum of 2,500 female and sublegal male crabs for survival, growth, and migration studies; to determine mating activity of male crabs and fertility of female crabs and abun- dance of crabs in tagging areas. Gear and Operations: Thirty commercial- size crab traps without escape ports and power block for pulling crab traps were used. Thirty traps were set at each of the following locations: (1) Bodega Bay (2) Drakes Bay (3) Rocky Point (4) San Francisco Lightship and (5) Point San Pedro. Fished with squid as bait in depths of 7-17 fathoms. The traps were pulled daily except for two 48 -hour soak- ings. Two days of fishing were required at all locations except Drakes Bay, where one day obtained crabs needed for tagging. They were tagged with vinyl-plastic spaghetti tags and released the same day they were caught. Shoulder width and condition of each crab was recorded. 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Results: Five hundred crabs --equal num- ber of males and females --were tagged at each station except Bodega Bay (314 males, 186 fe- males) and Drakes Bay (342 males, 158 fe- males); inall, 1,406 males and1,094 females. Only active crabs, having both chela intact and missing no more than one walking leg, were tagged. 5,316 crabs were caughtin the 310 traps set: 707 legal males, 2,341 sublegal males, and 2,268females. Theaverage catch per trap-day was 17.2 crabs (2.3 legal males, 7.6 sublegal males,and7.3females). Drakes and Bodega Bays had the highest catch of legal-sized crabs per trap-day with 10.6 and 3.5. Of total crabs caught, 6.1% of legal males and 38.1% of sub- legal males were in a soft condition. Mating marks were found on 409 males; 345 on legal and 64 on sublegal crabs. The fertility of females was determined by the presence of sperm in their spermatheca. Forty-four females were checked: 43, or about 98%, were fertile. Ovaries varied in color from light orange to red-orange. Distress Signal Recommended for Fishing Vessels BCF has developeda distinctive and highly visible banner for use by fishing vessels as a recognition and distress signal. The international orange vinyl-coated ny- lon banner with bullseye center measures 10 by 5feet. Itshouldbe displayed inthe rigging or on top of the wheelhouse whenever an emer- gency or any other situation requires assist- ance. When this signal is displayed, vessels awaiting assistance by the Coast Guard Search and Rescue Branch can be readily identified. The signal is a definite aid to searchers when the disabled vessel does not have radio- telephone communication or is not in a group of similar size craft. The banner has been shown in New Bed- ford and Gloucester and will be displayed in all major New England fishing ports. It is recommended that all commercial fishing vessels carry this distress signal. Vol. 28, No. 11 Galveston Records Shrimp Culture Gains Much new progress in studies of shrimp culture has been made at the Galveston, Texas, laboratory. Bothwhite shrimp and seabobs were successfully rearedtopostlarvae from eggs spawnedinthe laboratory. This followed the successfully rearing of brownand pink shrimp--and rounded out the rearing of the 4 most important commercial shrimp species. The laboratory developed techniques for mass culture that permitted large numbers of shrimp larvae tobe grownunder controlled con- ditions for either detailed physiological studies or the stocking of enclosed brackish-water ponds. Studies also are under way on the feasi- bility of growing shrimp in ponds under semi- natural conditions. In one experiment, brown shrimp grew from anaverage size of one-half inch to3inches in120days. White shrimp in the same experiment grew to 5 inches. This is an average growth of nearly one-quarter inch per week. A second study using 4,000 white shrimp spawned and reared to post- larvae in the laboratory showed increases of one-half inch to 4 inches in 90 days in one of the culture ponds. This study is continuing. 2 LON Lobster Research in Boothbay Harbor The SCUBA diving team at the Boothbay Harbor laboratory is making extensive ob- servations of lobsters under natural condi- tions in representative areas along the Maine coast. Its findings suggest that lobsters def- initely seek shelter in burrows during day- light hours and occupy much of the available habitat. It may be significant that those lob- sters seen in the open during daylight hours show evidence of attack: missing claws and other appendages. Lobster fishermen and scientists have long observed that certainarti- ficial areas --some rock jetties and the rock sides of the Cape Cod Canal--have been heavily colonized by lobsters. Sothe possibility of in- creasing the amount of lobster habitat exists. However, a recent attempt by Canadian scien- tists to construct an artificial lobster reef has been only moderately successful to date. LUGS DW = November 1966 International Trade Promotion Office Completes Its First Full Year At 8:00am, Sunday, September 11, hundreds of Viennese were queued up in front of 20 ticket booths. They were not waiting to see a Sporting event, listen to Strauss waltzes, or watch folk dancers in lederhosenand dirn- dis. They were eagerly awaiting the chance to buy admission to Austria's annual Inter- national Fall Fair, one of Europe's largest. wee. AG Fig. 1 - Samuel J. Hutchinson of BCF gives President Franz Jonas of Austria (left) a closer look at one U.S, entry. Behind the President is Henry A. Baehr, U.S. Agricultural Attaché, Austria. To Hutchinson's right is Herr Strauss, President of Vienna Fair Company. For the Viennese, whose own incredibly rich pastries and foods make tourists gasp, the fair was an embarrassment of riches: acres of food and, almost center stage, live shellfish and fresh, frozen, and canned fish from the United States. TWA had flown in these live and fresh entries just the day be- fore: from Florida, Massachusetts, and Washington. The Viennese were thrilled by the sight and taste of them. By the end of the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 first four days of the fair, which ran from September 11-18, 150,000 persons had made their way through the U.S.A, section, including the President of Austria. United States participation was sponsored by the Department of Agriculture, an old hand at fairs, and cosponsored by BCF's Office of International Trade Promotion, which was rounding out its firstfullyear of foreigntrade promotion. For many years, Agriculture showed the riches of the American soil and farm; now BCF was exhibiting some of the sea's riches. Fourteen U.S. firms displayed 35 differ- ent products: from inexpensive squid to cav- iar. Most of the products were new to Vienna. Those attracting most interest were cherry- stone and soft shell clams, quahogs, oysters, shrimp, cape and sea scallops, swordfish, Spanish mackerel, pompano, sea trout, mul- let, flounder fillets, Dungeness crabs, and Pacific salmon. Shrimp products, which are in considerable demand throughout the world, were eyed carefully. And U.S. caviar, roe of the Great Lakes whitefish, won praise from a leading Viennese gourmet importer. Maine Flew Lobsters to Munich BCF also participated in the International Exhibition of Groceries and Fine Foods, IKOFA, at Munich, Germany, September 17- 25. For this event, the same distributors, with the addition of the State of Maine, dis- played about 35 different species, including live lobsters and clams, and other fresh, fro- zen, and canned fishery products. Hereagain many of the products were new to the vis- itors. One highlight was a tank of live Maine lobsters; Maine cooperated by flying in 100 pounds of live lobsters every 3 days-- and experts to display the lobsters and pro- vide answers. Fig. 2 - The fresh fish booth at the intemational food fair in Vienna. 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Other "eye catchers" in the fresh fish dis - play were salmon and Dungeness crab from the west coast; pompano and Spanish mack- erel from Florida; and scallops, cherrystone clams, and swordfish from Boston. In a special lounge reserved for trades- people, a $100,000 order for 25 tons of king crab was placed in 5 minutes. Large hotels and airlines showed much interest in this item. Firm orders for U. S. fishery products are expected to continue as a result of the trade promotion at these two fairs. ‘Bureau of Commercial Fishenes US Depariment af Interior Wachonyes Bro Hope Ox Fig. 3 - Bureau of Commercial Fisheries entrance to the trade lounge. Left, Hutchinson; center, James W. Riddleberger, U.S. Ambassador to Austria; Agricultural Attache H. A. Baehr. Before Vienna and Munich, BCF took part in the fairs at Manchester, London, Milan, Brussels, and Cologne. How BCF Helps Exporters The BCF International Trade Promotion program is designed to increase present markets abroad for United States fishery products and to find outlets for new products. The emphasis to date has been on Western Europe because its increasing affluence is reflected in its greater receptivity to gour- met items. The fact that the Department of Agriculture is focusing on this area is anoth- er motivating reason. But BCF sees other markets too in the future. The program brings buyer and seller to- gether. It gives the U.S. exporter a chance to show his products, to find trained foreign agents to represent him, and to aid negotia- tions that have been conducted only by letter. BCF offers assistance to any firm that wants to participate, and an exporter receives Vol. 28, No. 11 much help: instructions on what he can send and how to send it (he only provides the prod- uct and pays for transportation); display space is made available at no cost; he re- ceives publicity abroad he could not buy; his name appears in the display booth over his products. His expenses can be written off for tax purposes as costs of doing business. And, under a new BCF policy initiated at Vienna this September, he does not have to send a representative to the fair. BCF is there to work with interested foreign trades - people: Trained Bureau marketing special- ists help these importers fill out fishery prod- uct inquiry slips--and then transmit these to the U.S. firms able to make quotations and supply the products. Among the highlight of sales resulting from the fairs were a $300,000 order for frozen salmon from Cologne, and another $100,000 order for king crab at London. Some Results of the Program The display of American fishery products abroad has won thousands of fans. At Man- chester, England, 10,000 samples were dis- tributed to visitors: king crab, shrimp, scallops, salmon, squid, and lobsters. BCF is not above using culinary magic to win over buyers. The deep-fried, breaded, soft-shelled clams were "eaten up" by German, Belgian, and Italian fair visitors. The breaded clams opened the door to sales of this frozen food delicacy. The experience of the first full year in- dicates that quality ready-to-eat items now can compete for the attention and money of the European housewife. Exhibitors know there is an expanding market for U.S. fro- zen and canned specialties --including shrimp, clams, caviar, king crab, mullet, squid, and salmon. Some visualize a potential for fresh whole Alaska salmon--flown over the North Pole to foreign markets. Heading the International Trade Promotion Office is Samuel J. Hutchinson, a BCF veter- an of 34 years who was Regional Director of the Bureau's Pacific Northwest Region in Seattle, Washington. His associates areA.L. Morel, who did much spadework for the for- eign program and forged a network of friends and industry contacts abroad, and Lester F. Reynolds, who came to the Bureau after ex- tensive experience in the sales and promotion of frozen products of the U.S. food industry. November 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 Fig. 4 - Public views fresh fish booth, which received television coverage. BCF is fielding an active and resourceful quality U. S. fishery products. They invite team of international trade experts. Their industry to participate in their promotional] efforts should increase exports of high- efforts. aS CLAMS CLEANED BY RADIATION Hard shell clams (quahogs) from polluted water can be cleaned in one day with salt water purified by ultraviolet radiation, according to two University of RhodelIsland professors. In the proposed plant designed by the professors, salt water radiated with ultraviolet light would pump across the clams continuously for 24 hours. The clams would get rid of the polluted coastal waters in which they grew by siphoning the sterilized water in and out of their bodies. ,It is estimated that there would be quite a decrease in the cost of cleaning a bushel of clams--25 cents instead of the present cost of $1.85. (Reprinted, with permission from Science News, weekly summary of current science, copy- right 1966, by Science Service, Inc.) 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW FEDERAL ACTIONS Economic Development Administration STUDY OF PACIFIC HAKE!'S COMMERCIAL POSSIBILITY APPROVED The Economic Development Administration (EDA), U. S. Department of Commerce, re- cently approved a $70,000 grant for an eco- nomic feasibility study of a commercial hake fishery off Washington's coast. BCF's Pa- cific Northwest Region will conduct the study. Grays Harbor Regional Planning Commis - sion, Aberdeen, Wash., requested the study. A processing plant has been built at Aber- deen, but hake supplied by local fishermen are insufficient for normal operations. Through ''on-the-job" training featuring new equipment and techniques, BCF will try to aid the fishermen supply sufficient raw ma- terial to make the industry survive and grow. Chartered trawlers will be used in the study to determine: (1) location of high con- centrations of Pacific hake during each stage of fishing season; (2) most productive gear and other fishing techniques to use; (3) prop- er techniques for taking catch from gear; (4) best method for handling catch on board ves - sels and unloading it; (5) most desirable size and use of trawler crews; and (6) commer- cial catch rates and cost of production per ton of hake. (U. S. Department of Commerce, September 28, 1966.) Food and Drug Administration BLACKFIN PROPOSED TO BE INCLUDED IN U. S. STANDARDS FOR CANNED TUNA The Food and Drug Administration pub- lished in the Federal Register, Sept. 15, 1966, a Notice of Proposed Rule Making to amend the standard of identity for canned tuna (21 CFR 37.1) to include blackfin tuna in theclass known as tuna fish. The notice resulted from a petition filed by the National Canners As- sociation, Washington, D. C. Vol. 28, No. 11 The petition argued that the blackfin tuna is caught in waters fished for tuna for can- ning; though formerly believed identical with either albacore or bigeye tuna, it is now shown to belong to a separate species not recognized by the standard; it is outwardly distinguishable only briefly after catching; it belongs to the class known as tuna fish both by established usage and taxonomic classifi- cation. Department of the Interior APPLICATIONS FOR FISHING VESSEL LOANS The following applications were received for loans from the U. S. Fisheries Loan Fund to helpfinance the purchase of fishing vessels: James O. Russel, Jr., Star Route, Box 5, Brownsville, Texas 78520, applied for loan to help buy a new 67-foot steel vessel for all commercial species of shrimp. Published in Federal Register October 8. Salvatore and Providenza Curcuru, 33 Hodgkins St., Gloucester, Mass. 01930, ap- plied for loan to help buy a used 90-foot reg- istered length wood vessel for groundfish. Published in Federal Register October 5. Frederick N. Wedel, P. O. Box 193, Bodega Bay, Calif. 94923, applied for a loan to help buy a used 40.9-foot registered length wood vessel for salmon and Dungeness crab. Pub- lished in Federal Register October 5. Regulations and procedures governing fish- ery loans have been revised and no longer re- quire an applicant for a new- or used-vessel loan to replace an existing vessel (Public Law 89-85; Fisheries Loan Fund Procedures--50 CFR Part 250, revised August 11, 1965). Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1966 p. 15. November 1966 Eighty-Ninth Congress (Second Session) The Congress was aiming for adjournment on Saturday, October 22. FISHING LIMIT EXTENDED TO 12 MILES On October 15, President Johnson signed the bill (S. 2218) extending the exclusive fishery zone of the United States from 3 to12 miles off the coasts. SEA GRANT COLLEGES The House adopted the conference report on H.R. 16559, the proposed National Sea Grant College and Program Act of 1966. This cleared it for President's signature. The bill authorizes the establishment of pro- grams of education, training, and researchin marine sciences. RESEARCH CONTRACTS The Senate on October 10 concurred in House amendment to S. 3460, authorizing In- terior Secretary to contract for scientific and technological research. This action cleared bill for President's signature. WATER POLLUTION CONTROL A $3.7 million water pollution control bill (S. 2947) moved through Senate and House and was sent to the White House. It seeks to make more effective the programs conducted under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. Most of the money is slated for States as matching grants for construction of sew- age treatment plants. COMMODITY PACKAGING AND LABELING The Senate agreed on October 14 to House change of S. 985. Bill went to White House. It provides for more government regulations on labeling and packaging food, drugs, cos- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 metics, and householdsupplies. It calls for more uniformity in labeling packages --and voluntary moves toward uniform packaging. FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE The House passed a compromise bill (S. 2720) for a pilot program to produce low - cost protein concentrate from waste fish. The bill would authorize appropriations up to $1 million to build a Government-owned plant, and $1,555,000 annually for 5 years to lease a second plant and operate both plants. RIVERS AND HARBORS The House passed on October 19 a $613 million rivers and harbors authorization bill. It provides for flood control, navigation, beach erosion, and other public works in 24 States. The Senate passed an $821 million version a week earlier. FUR SEAL CONSERVATION AND PRIBILOF ISLANDS ADMINISTRATION Conferees in executive session on October 10 agreed to file conference report on dif- ference between Senate- and House-passed versions of S. 2102, designed to protect and conserve fur seals on the Pribilof Islands. INLAND GREAT LAKES AND WESTERN RIVER RULES FOR SMALL VESSELS The House on October 13 reported (H. Rept. 277), with amendment, S. 1349, to amend the inland, Great Lakes, and western river rules concerning sailing vessels and vessels under 65 feet. JELLYFISH CONTROL ELIMINATION IN COASTAL WATERS OFF U. S. The Senate Committee on Commerce met in executive session on October 13 and ordered favorably reported, with amendment, H.R. 11475, which provides forcontrol of jellyfish and other such pests in U. S. coastal waters. FEATURES THE CHANNEL NET FOR SHRIMP IN NORTH CAROLINA By James F. Guthrie* From 1950 through 1963, channel nets in North Carolina took over 3 million pounds of brown and pink shrimp. The nets are oper- ated from early spring to late summer in Bogue and Core Sounds, but mainly around Harkers Island. The channel net, a special- ized fishing gear similar in design to a trawl (fig. 1), was developed during the mid-1930s in coastal North Carolina and has been gen- erally confined to use there. Burkenroad ANCHOR 5) NG = t 1 ATLANTIC BEACH i S ve jee or? oO 06 ey 7 ia cot - i \ Mess —~— Eau, {e) ‘3 SS “ctrme ane sh aiebe ay mC - Ro ¥ PACK soy, / Sains Sn a BARDEN INLET // / yor! et 10% cher 76'|30' pxrann® 76) 45: 76] 40° _76)35' Fig. 2 - Map showing fishing areas. (1949) and Broad (195la, 1951b) referred to the use of channel nets in the straits near Harkers Island, N.C. (fig. 2). A bag net closely resembling the channel netisused to take bay shrimpin California (Bonnot, 1932). Using tidalcurrents and staffs to maintain its shape and position, the channel net fishes the surface and middle depths rather than the lower depths. The net's possibilities were first realized by fishermenfrom Harkers Is- land after a storm in 1933 enlarged Barden Inlet (inside Cape Lookout) and thereby created conditions that resulted in stronger tidalcurrents in Back and Core Sounds. The fishermen observed that large numbers of shrimp used Barden Inlet and other channels whenmoving out of the estuaries tothe ocean; the shrimp were swept along on ebb tide and crowdedthe near-shore areas out of themain current onflood tide. In 1936 an enterprising fisherman Set an otter trawl in nearby Beau- fort Inlet between two anchored boats and made a good catch of shrimp on anebbing tide. By 1938 this method of fishing and the net it- self had evolved into their present state. Since 1958, however, use of the channel net has decreased markedly, although annual earnings per net have remained near or ap- preciably above the average established dur- ing the years 1950-57, DESCRIPTION OF GEAR Figure 3 shows the main parts of a typical channel net. The numbers shown represent the number of meshes. A net may be as much as 100 feet across the mouth, vary from 8- to 14-feet deep, and have a cod end that ex- tends about 40 feet behind the wings. The wing and body meshes measure 7-inch and are constructed of No. 6 thread; the cod-end meshes are $-inch and made of No. 9 thread. The foot and head ropes are at least 4-inch **Biological Technician, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N. C. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 773 24 November 1966 HEADROPE ----100! WOOTROPE ----100! Fig. 3 - Components of a 100-foot channel net. in diameter, and the net is ''taken up'' one- third, i.e., 9 meshes occupy the space of 6. Accessory equipment consists of a power boat, anchors, rope, staffs, buoys, and often a 14- to 16-foot skiff. The open, shallow- draft boats range from 17 to 26 feet long and are powered with modified, 85- to 300-hp. automobile engines. The power boat is used for transportation to and from the fishing grounds, carry and set channel-net anchors and, occasionally, to fish the net. The skiff, however, usually carries and fishes the net. Stock or plow-type anchors of 25 to 50 pounds are commonly used to hold the net in fishing position, although stakes driven into the bot- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 tom are frequently used for this purpose. The anchors are attached to bridles on each wing of the net by 100-foot (or longer) lengths of 2-inch rope. A 25-foot line suspended from a buoy is usually fastenedto the shank of each anchor to help free it from the bottom (fig. 1). The mouth of the net is held open by three upright staffs (pine or gum saplings) between the foot and head ropes, usually one inthe middle andone at each end. Accessory staffs are placed between the center and end staffs in wider nets. End staffs are 10 to 16 feet long and 4 to 6 inches in diameter at the bottom. The center staff is 16 to 18 feet long and 2 to 3 inches in diameter at the bottom. A rope ofat least ;-inch diameter, buoyed by 2 or 3 corks, runs from the top of the center staff and encircles the bunt of the cod end (fig. 1). This line is used to cinch the bunt and lift the codend out of the water. Neither corks nor leads are used on the head and foot ropes of most channel nets. SETTING AND FISHING THE NET When loading the net in the skiff prior to departure on a fishingtrip, the end staffs are placed aboard first with their bottoms point- ing toward the bow. The cod end is then pulled loosely into the stern and the bridles on both end staffs are left clear. The an- chors and attached ropes are placed in the boat, the rope ends tied together, and the ropes coiled into the stern. A buoy attached to the joined anchor ropes permits the fish- ermanto retrieve these ropes when the net is being set. The net is set only at night on ebb tide. After a fishing site is selected, one anchor is Fig. 4 - Fisherman setting channel net, 26 lowered and the other is carried across the channel until the joined ropes are taut, at which point the second anchor is lowered and set. A minimum tidal current velocity of 2 knots is required for the effective use of the channel net; otherwise, the current will not "bloom" or fill out the bunt. When the ebb tide has reached a minimum velocity of 1 or 2 knots, the buoy marking the joined anchor ropes is retrieved and thetop end staff is tied to one anchor ropeby means of the bridle and placed inthe water (fig. 4). The tide is then al- lowed to pull the net from the boat. Inse- quence, the center staff is lowered andthe cod endis thrown overboard so as not to foul on the bottom of the center staff. Whenthe remaining end staffis tied tothe other anchor rope and placed in the water, the net isthen in fishing position. One of the anchors may have to ne moved to properly align the net with the current. Fig. 5 - Fisherman lifting cod end of channel net into boat. The skiffis positioned over the cod end of the net by securing the bow to the rope lead- ing from the center staff. When removing the catch, the fisherman first brings the cod end to the side of the boat by pulling on the center line (fig. 5), shaking the catch into the cod end in the process. He then lifts the cod COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW end from the water, allows it to drain over the gunwale, pulls it aboard, and empties it into the cockpit. The cod end is then retied and returned to the water. Theshrimp are separated from the catch (fig. 6) and trans- ferred to aburlap bag (fig. 7). Under normal conditions the net is emptied about every 15 minutes. Fig. 7 - Bagging the culled catch. About one-half hour before the tide slacks, (i.e., at late ebb), the channel net is taken aboard by freeing one anchor and letting the net trailinthe current. The boatis positioned broadside to the current while the staffs and net are pulled aboard. It is important that the net be removed from the water before the tide changes, otherwise it would turn inside out. Normally the skiff with net and anchors is left Vol. 28, No. 11 November 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW behind to reserve the same site for the next fishing night. Units of Quantity Value THE SHRIMP CATCH Gear Total | Per Net Total Per Ne a t - « .(Pounds)... wee e(Dollars) een, Although the annual catch of shrimp in 98 417,700 nee vee ose channel nets averages less than 250,000 108 235,400} 2,180 54, 142 S01 pounds (1950-63), it nevertheless contributes iB eran aleee one oe 5 ce significantly to the economy of Harkers Is- 122 381,100 | 3, 124 76,220] 625 land and surrounding communities. Fishing 114 225,000} 1,974 49, 500 434 begins in the middle of May and extends into a SOON ano neo 329 : : 52 250,000 | 4,808 67,200 | 1,292 July--production usually peaks in June. The 55 300,000] 5,455 79, 800 1,451 catch is composed mainly of pink shrimp 28 125,000 | 4,464 24,637 880 (Penaeus duorarum) that vary in size from 45 ae Te RL hee eae en ee = eee 5 50,000] 3,333 10, 938 729 to 55 per pound (headless count). Brown 20 75,000} 3,750 26,250 | 1,312 shrimp (P. aztecus) of comparable sizeare 20 125,000 | _6, 250 37,500 | _1, 875 taken in late June and make up two-thirds of the catch by early July (Broad, 1951la). The annual catch of shrimp per channel net during the years 1950-63 ranged from slightly over 8,000 pounds in 1953 to about 1,300 pounds in 1956 (table). During the years 1957-63, catches have averaged about 4,600 pounds per net. Other species entering the channel-net catch in notable quantity include: blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), for whicha good market has developed in recent years; Atlantic men- haden (Brevoortia tyrannus); and the southern harvestfish (Peprilus alepidotus). The number of licensed channel nets has decreased since 1955 because: (1) many Quantity and Value of Shrimp Taken with Channel Nets in North Carolina, 1950-63 ource: ''Fishery Statistics of the United States, '' Statistical Di- gests for the years 1950-63, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. channelnetters are part-time fishermen who only purchase a license when the shrimping outlook is favorable (it has not been in recent years); (2) these fishermen previously con- structed their channel nets of cotton webbing from discarded (menhaden) purse seines which are now made of more durable nylon and therefore no longer constitute a reliable source of material; and (3) many channels, formerly productive, have been filled with sand reducing them to shallow streams that are no longer suitable for fishing with a chan- nel net. LITERATURE CITED BONNOT, PAUL 1932. Game, Fish Bull. 38, 20 pp. BROAD, CARTER 1951a. Results of Shrimp Research in North Carolina. Gulf Carib. Fish. Inst. 3rd Ann. Sess,:27-35. The California Shrimp Fishery. Calif. Dept. Fish Proc. 1951b. The Shrimps in North Carolina, pp. 191-204. In Harden F, Taylor (3e.). Survey of Marine Fisheries of North Carolina. Univ. N.C. Press, Chapel Hill, N. C., 555 pp. BURKENROAD, MARTIND, 1949, Occurrence and Life Histories of Commercial Shrimp. Science 110 (2869):688-689, OCTOPUS UNDERGO CHAMELEON-LIKE COLOR CHANGES The shy and retiring octopus is the quick-change artist of the sea. When disturbed or excited, it often turns brick red as When frightened or cornered, the ani- though livid with rage. mal may turn white or gray. Waves of color may move across its body. In a natural setting, it attains almost perfect camou- flage by matching its surroundings. gust 1966.) (Sea Frontiers, July-Au- RARE FOSSILS DREDGED Your net will not bring up the elephan- tine mammoth, 50-foot shark, or 40 million-year-old tree--but nets have raised their fossils. OFF ATLANTIC COAST By Roland L. Wigley*s During the past 2 years, 5 rare fossils of plants and animals of considerable scientific importance have been collectedby commercial fishermenin offshore waters of Massachusetts, New York, and Virginia (fig. 1). These speci- mens were dredgedfrom the oceanbottom dur- ing regular fishing operations with ottertrawls or scallop dredges and brought into port by 6 6° 7 72 665 eNs° MOINE GIANT SHARK TOOTH R &/ Gur S06 e 5 Portiond | ' OF / & + ‘ al OY | MAINE ios ! mS ‘y \ C ; i, o) Sel eae TREE ae 4 Boston, 5 SOS VS SALT MARSH PEAT “Sy ey SS. vee) : Var » Y y oN RU = co ‘o ee & boy = eo & Z lA ( s- WALRUS TUSK O \ Kare) Sey 150 ) jo OFT MAMMOTH TOOTH bene ges \ DN 8°. Tee 3° 729 Fig. 1 - Collection sites of fossils recently found off northeastern coast of United States. alert and inquisitive fishermen. John V. Ma- honey, BCF representative in New Bedford, Mass., forwarded the specimens to the author at the Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. Some of the fossils were loaned by the owners for a short period of time for examina - tion; others were donated for analysis or de- posited in the Smithsonian Institution, Wash- ington, D. C. Persons finding similar speci- mens should send them to scientific institu- tions. GIANT SHARK TOOTH A fossil shark tooth 4 inches long and 43 inches wide at the base (fig. 2)was dredged by Fig. 2 - Fossil tooth from the giant shark Carcharodon megalodon, an extinct species. *Fishery Research Biologist, Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Woods Hole, Mass. Photo Credit: R.K. Brigham and R.B. Theroux. 28 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 774 November 1966 Timothy Furtado, a fishermanaboard the com - mercial dragger Explorer, September 14, 1964, from the northeastern part of Georges Bank--42°02' north latitude and 67°27' west longitude. Water depthhere is 20 fathoms (120 feet). This tooth is from the giant shark, Car- charodon megalodon, now extinct. These sharks, voracious predators, lived during the Miocene Epoch, about 20 million years ago, and were 40 to 50 feet long. They are close relatives of the Maneater Shark (White Shark) now cOmmon in tropical and temperate seas. The tooth has a generally smooth surface with a minutely serrated cutting edge. It is light brown along the distal margins, grading todark brownand black inthe centralandbasal portions of both inner and outer faces. The inner face is very slightly concave; the outer face is Slightly convex. Original compounds of which the tooth was formed have been phos- phatized, and a phosphorite concretion is at- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 tached to the tooth's base. The concretion is only of moderate size at the base and inner face, but onthe outerface it extends more than half way from base to apex. SALT-MARSH PEAT One of the largest samples dredged from the oceanbottom and brought infor identifica - tion consisted of several chunks of salt-marsh peat (fig. 3) found by Norman Lepire, skipper of the Ruth Lea, a scalloper operating out of New Bedford, Mass. Several bushels of peat were dredged during fishing for sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) at a depth of 32 fathoms (192 feet) east of Massachusetts along the western end of Georges Bank, one of New England's most famous fishing grounds. Lo- cation of the peat deposit, determined from Loran-A bearings, is 41°09.3' north latitude and 68943.2' west longitude, whichplaces it at the northern end of a large submarine sand wave. Judging from the dredge's action, the peat probably occurs in small patches in an Fig. 3 - Salt-marsh peat dredged from western end of Georges Bank by the scalloper Ruth Lea. Surface of peat exposed to water(left) shows borings, some occupied by The Rough Piddock, a species of boring clam. Note large twigs in the peat from subsurface layers (right). 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW area 5 mile square. A sample of peat from this locality was studied in collaboration with Dr. K. O. Emery of the Woods Hole Oceanog- raphic Institution and Dr. M. Rubin, U.S. Geo- logical Survey. This peat is abrown-colored compacted mass of plant fibers,predominantly salt- marsh grass (Spartina), containing numerous twigs of woody land plants. Twigs and pollen were mainly spruce with some pine and fir; spores were largely from peat moss (Sphag- num). Freshwater diatoms and rootlets of cedar were also present. Numerous borings contain specimens of Zirfaea crispate,a bor- ing clam sometimes referred to as the Rough Piddock--alive at the time of the collection. The presence of many rhizomes of salt- marsh grass is of particular interest because this grass inhabits a rather limited range be- tween mid-tide and high-tide levels. It thus marks a past sea level rather accurately. Radiocarbon dating showed that the peat was formed 11,000(t 350) years before the present, or about 9,000 B. C. This deposit is believed to be the oldest submerged salt-marsh peat in the world. Evidence from numerous sources indicates that the enormous glaciers which pushed s outh- ward across New England during the Pleisto- cene Epoch retreated fromthe Connecticut coast more than 13,500 years ago, from Mar- tha's Vineyard 12,700 years ago, andfrom Bos - ton 12,300 years ago. The sample described here indicates that 11,000 years ago sea water stood at a level 32 fathoms below present-day sea level. The area presently known as Geor- ges Bank was then an ice-free island. It may be called St. Georges Islandinkeeping with the bank's earlier name--St. Georges Bank. The peat offers the first solid evidence that Geor- ges Bank was previously an island. Elevation of the islandabove sea level after the glaciers retreated and the peat was forming is estimated to have been 100 feet or more. At about that time the island was covered, at least in part, by boreal forests and salt-marsh grass in- habited the lowland areas bordering the es- tuaries and lagoons. The continued risein sea level from the glacier's melt-water drowned the marshes and lower elevations. The re- maining island was subsequently eroded away by winds and waves accompanied by strong tidal currents which reduced theisland to its pres - ent state as a shallow bank. (A technical ac- count of this study was recently reportedin an article by Emery, Wigley, and Rubin 1966.) FOSSIL TREE A piece of silicified tree limb (fig. 4) was also dredged by the scalloper Ruth Lea from the same locality (western end of Georges Bank) where the peat was found. This speci- men was originally about 18 inches long and 3 to4inches in cross section. The oxidized out- er layer is white and has asomewhat flaky structure. This layer, absent in some places, has amaximumthickness of ¢ inch. Contrast- ing sharply with the outer layeris avery dense, well-preservedinner portionthat is gray with numerous closely spacedblack streaks. These features are evident on the cross-section cut shownin the photograph. The gray-black inner portion is about as hard as marble. Fig. 4 - Oblique view of silicified portion of the tree Euptelea, an extinct species. Dr. Richard A. Scott of the U.S. Geological Survey identified this specimen as a portion of a dicotyledonous tree, family Eupteleaceae, genus Euptelea. The species is new to science, and the Georges Bank specimenis the only rec- ord sofar known. It is currently being studied by Dr. Scott. His research has revealed that the occurrence of the genus Euptelea off Mas - sachusetts is the first record for this region of the United States and the second record of its occurrence in the New World. Two living relatives of this fossil species occur in Asia: one species lives in Japan, the other in China and India. This tree is believed to have lived during the early part of the Tertiary Period, 40 to75 million years ago, although an even older, late Wolo 28, INO, iit ie ne i hae November 1966 Cretaceous age is possible. After it has been thoroughly analyzed, the specimen will be placedin the permanent paleobotanical collec - tions of the U. 5S. National Museum in Wash- ington, D.C. WALRUS TUSK The fossilized anterior portion of a walrus skull (Odobenus rosmarus) with tusk attached (fig. 5) was found in April 1965 by Magnus Is- aksen, master of the commercial fishing drag - ger Aloha. This specimen was discovered about 50 miles south of LongIsland, New York-- 40°01.4' north latitude and 72936.3' west lon- gitude--at a depth of 32 fathoms. The tusk, a canine tooth from the upper jaw used by the walrus for grubbing mollusks and crustaceans from the ocean bottom, is 15 inches long and 3 inches wide. The outer surface of the tusk is roughened by uneven exfoliation of a few thin flakes from the sides. Fig. 5 - Fossil walrus tusk attached to the anterior portion of the skull. Walruses now inhabit the openwaters of the Arctic Ocean around the edge of the polar ice, moving southwardin winter. Althoughit pres - ently does not migrate south of Labrador in eastern North America, the southernmost rec- ord for this species during historic times is Massachusetts (429 N. latitude). Judging from the fossilized condition of this specimen and the geographic location from which it was re- covered, this walrus probably lived during the late Pleistocene Epoch, perhaps 20 to 50 thou- sand years ago. MAMMOTH TOOTH A beautiful specimen of afossil molar tooth (fig. 6)from a mammoth, tentatively identified as Mammuthus jeffersoni, was also collected by the Aloha's master. It was dredged June 29, 1965, during fishing operations 46 miles east of Cape Henry, Virginia. The position de- termined by Loran-A bearings is 36951.5! COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW a4] Fig. 6 - Oblique view ofa fossil molar tooth from a mammoth (Mammuthus jeffersoni). north latitude and 75°02.0' west longitude, at a depth of 19 fathoms (114 feet). The mammoth tooth is 123 inches long, 6 inches deep, about 2 to 5inches wide, and weighs 73 pounds. It is widest near the mid- dle and tapers toward each end. In cross sec- tion it is also widest midway between the top and bottom; the grinding surface androots are narrower than the center portion. It is mostly dark brown mixed with various shades of gray. The tooth is inexcellent condition. A few bryozoans occurring together near the anterior end were the onlyfouling organisms found liv- ing on this specimen. This limited growth in- dicates that, when collected, the tooth was probably buried in bottom sediments with only part of the anterior end exposed to water. Now extinct, mammoths were large, ele- phant-like beasts with very long curved tusks turned upwards at the tip. They migrated to North America by way of the Alaskan-Siberian land bridge thousands of years ago. Because of their enormous body weight, they required vast quantities of food. In keeping with their dietary needs, their molar teeth were large and had broad, flattened crowns, well adapted to the grasses they ate. Much remains tobe learned about the mam- moths that inhabited eastern North America. Bones, teeth, and other skeletal parts of these interesting creatures from offshore waters on the Atlantic Continental Shelf are exceedingly rare. The toothshown in Fig. 6 is being stud- iedby paleontologists at the Smithsonian Insti- tution, Washington, D. C, PREHISTORIC MAN Approximately 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, primitive human beings inhabited much of the United States and parts of Canada. Evidence of these early cultures stems largely from fluted projectile points interbedded with char- coal and animal bones (Haynes 1964). Clovis 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW man is believedto have established the earli- est culture, followed in time by Folsom man. Sea level during this period was as much as several hundred feet below the present level. Consequently, large expanses of coastal plain-- now the Continental Shelf--were available for habitation by man before this land was sub- merged. Corroborating evidence suggests that prehistoric man could have inhabitedareas many miles beyond the present shoreline (Emery 1966). If coastal areas were inhabited by man 10 to 12 thousand years ago, we may findfluted projectile points, teeth, mollusk shells from "kitchen middens,'' animalbones, Vol. 28, No. 11 or Similar objects in what is now rather deep water, such as Georges Bank. Evidence of early human occupation of the offshore banks or other shelf areas would be exceedingly val- uable to archaeologists in reconstructing the history of man. Fishermen, marine scientists, and others whose occupation provides them with an oppor- tunity to discover submarine fossils, are urged by the author to collect and send to scientific institutions objects similar to those illustrated or mentioned in this paper, including any un- usual ones. LITERATURE CITED EMERY, K.O. 1966. Early man mayhave roamed the Atlantic Shelf. Oce- anus, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 3-5. ,K.O.; R.L. WIGLEY; and M. RUBIN 1966. A submerged peat deposit off the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 10, Spec. Supp., pp. R97-R102. HAYNES, C.V., Jr. 1964. Fluted projectile points: theirage anddispersion. Sci- ence, vol. 145, no. 3639, pp. 1408-1413. It Could Send You To The Bottom The most recent acquisition of Woods Hole's benthic staff was a large, yellow, cylindrical crystalline mass weighing about 20 pounds. It was proudly turned inas this year's $64 question. It turned out to be TNT! Since it had no paleontological value, it was turned over to the localAir Force explosives disposal unit. Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior--a department of conservation--is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States--now and in the future. November 1966 INTERNATIONAL U.S. and U.S.S.R. Discuss Fishery Problems American and Soviet fishery experts con- cluded a week of technical discussions on July 30 devoted to problems of conservation andthe use of fishery resources off the United States coast. The delegations agreed to rec- ommend exchanges of personnel aboard fish- ing and research vessels in Atlantic and Pa- cific areas and suggested they begin within a month, It was also recommended that the U.S.S.R. take action to ease problems produced by the concentration of vessels on fishing grounds - customarily used by American fishermen- - with immediate attention given to the area off Oregon and Washington. A recommendation was also made that there be no Soviet fishing within 12 miles of the Washington-Oregon Coast, except for research vessels. The So- viet delegation agreed that instructions would be issued to the Soviet fleet in this area re- peating earlier instructions not to fish for salmon. The conferees noted the conflict in the Shumagin Islands area where fishermen of the two nations are using different types of fishing gear. It was decided that the prob- lem be handled within the framework of the existing agreement covering Similar gear problems in the Kodiak area. The experts recommended that scientists and technical experts meet in Moscow in mid- November to continue their work. (State De- partment.) nasa a AY International Pacific Halibut Commission HALIBUT FISHING ENDS IN AREAS 1, 2, 3A, and 3B The 1966 season for the main Pacific halibut fishing areas ended at 6:00 p.m., P.S.T., August 25 for Areas 1 and 2; August 15 for Area 3A; September 17 for Area 3B. The International Pacific Halibut Commission COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 announced the closure to coincide with the attainment of quotas: 23 million pounds for Area 2; 33 million pounds for 3A; and 3.5 million pounds for 3B. (Area 1 is not subject to quota.) Areas 3C and 4D (in the vicinity of the Bering Sea) remained open until November 15, without catch limits. Area 4B was open only from September 1-10. The other north- ern fishing areas had only a spring season this year. The 1966 season was 28 days shorter than 1965 in Area 2 and 19 days in Area 3A. The 1966 quota in 3A was down a million pounds from 1965; Area 2's quota was the same as TO Go% Fishing areas in 1966 were: Area 1--south of Willapa Bay, Washington; Area 2--between Willapa Bay and Cape Spencer, Alaska; Area 3A--between Cape Spencer and the Shumagin Islands; Area 3B--the Shumagin Islands to Atka Island, not including the Bering Sea; Area 3C--west of Atka Island, not including the Bering Sea; Area 4A--the Bering Sea edge, Unimak Pass to the Pribilof Islands; Area 4B--Fox Islands grounds, Bering Sea; Area 4C--between the Pribilof Islands and 175° W. longitude; Area 4D--east of 175° W. longitude and north of a line between St. Paul Island and Cape Newenham and waters of the Bering Sea west of 175° W. longitude; and Area 4E-- the flats east of Area 4A and south of the Cape Newenham line. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1966 p. 50, Nov. 1965 p. 41. Fish Oil WORLD EXPORTS SET RECORD IN 1965 The world's gross exports of fish oil (in- cluding fish-liver oil) set a record of 520,400 short tons in 1965--12 percent above revised 1964 total and slightly above previous highin 1963. The volume of exports was nearly 23 times average annual exports in 1955-59. This indicates a rather rapid rate of expan- sion. Most of this expansion reflected in- creased output in Peru, Iceland, Norway, and 34 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 11 _World Gross Exports of Fish Oil (Including Fish- Liver Oils)I7, Average 1955-59, Annual 196 cae Tl SS=5=5 ae 2 | en Sorel | Average 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1955-59 Continent and Country orth America: Ganasd a Papare ite srettovareee, ite 7.6 15.8 6.4 3.2 4.4 INVEXi COM Mem eitell ohsletell oifellicucehiaitonts 08 be) oe) aS 28 UnitediStates siemens cuelaellsieeem ome 5159 75.7 P32 61.5 61.2 Total oe ee 59.8 92.0 { 137.9 65.0 66.4 outh America: Awa 55 6 6 6 6'0000'0 0 4 8 5S 24 -6 Chiles epaelin ea copes eeemsas 9.9 15¢4 127, 12.0 Sem i pebieineen b bua lames to ouemon omc 151.3 121.9 138.3 166.0 112.8 TOCA Puan eee eA ce 161.6 137.8 - 151.5 178.4 118.5 Demme. 65 45 '6.6.6 60,0 57.1 a 33.5 22.9 16.8 10.5 France... G06 00-60 2.1 2.8 4.0 2.8 oul Germany, West AiG Ooo OG Sire Aen 220% 22.9 253) Iceland, , EWakenevatis 97.6 68.6 71.2 72.5 35.2 Netherlands)/ 6/7} 23015 7 On 2.8 2.6 5.2 Norway beyengenco eral oneute 59.4 22.3 eee 18.6 24.0 Rortug allen ajeimacmecmemeucuens 10.3 7.5 10.5 6.7 7.4 Sweden epuiven sire tetekaen suis 3.3 4.0 3.4 2.0 3.4 United Kingdom .....2.-. 1.9 2.2 Cold 2.6 Bae Others (incl. U.S.S.Re Wy : 2.8 2.8 2.6 262) 2.8 WEG IG 6. clo oO O.O8 [251.4 168.6 [18820 150.4 119.7 rica: Feces ete ne Ses Dee 8.1 3.4 Dee) 3.3 Morocco... Sa S 1.4 5.8 Be7/ 4.9 4.5 South Africa Republic8/. ) 0... 38.9 49.2 35.3 | 50.4 50.3 MOtale Ae eae ee 45.5 63.1 44,4 58.2 58.1 ia and Oceania: Japan cileiietle 0700/00 0.0 1 Boe) 2.0 3.2 2 ayes 8 8 off 8 ° le} & o) a 3 3 58 ; 5 Baul 3.1 2 + 3.9 3. 520.4 464.6 500.6 455.9 366. 1 Hardened fish oils have been mehuded wherever separately classified in export statistics. e |e je © ele le e lo le © ele je © lp/May include some whale oil prior to 1960. 6/Excludes sizable quantities of hardened fish oils exported annually, which are not separately classified in trade returns, Includes estimates for minor exporting countries. 8/Including territory of South-West Africa. Note: Does not include whale and other marine-mammal oils. Source: U.S. Foreign Agricultural Service. Prepared or estimated on basis of official statistics of foreign governments, other foreign source materials, reportsof U.S. Agricultural Attachés and Foreign Service Officers, results of office research, and related information. Denmark; in aggregate, they accounted for output estimated at 220,000 tons. (World Ag- about 70 percent of total exports, compared riculture Production and Trade, U.S. De- with less than 30 percent in 1955-59. partment of Agriculture.) Exports from the United States, the world's Q ett leading supplier of fish oil prior to 1960, de- clined for the second consecutive year be- cause of a reduced catch. In quantity, the Fish Meal 1965 exports were one-fifth below annual ex- ports in 1955-59, and only about two-fifths WORLD PRODUCTION ROSE 11% the record 1963 exports. IN JANUARY-JULY According to customs data, Peru, the The world's production of fish meal in the world's major producer and exporter of fish first 7 months of 1966 increased about 11 per- oil, expanded 1965 exports by nearly one- cent from the same periodin1965. Output in fourth--to 151,300 tons--the highest since 1966 was upSharply in Peru, Chile, and Norway. 1962, when exports reached record 166,000 tons. The increase may have reduced stocks from high level of January 1965. Output in 1965 declined sharply from the record 1964 Most of the principal producing countries submit data monthly to the International As- sociation of Fish Meal Manufacturers (IAFMM) (see table). November 1966 Jan.-July 1966 1965 Siren cnr |Ua(Vetriciion's) smcrie vires Ganadaver-ets es)» 7,190] 12,690] 46,541] 44,059 Denmark ....... 15,554| 10,265] 60,825) 65,446 Hyrance) | itis sae ele 1,100] 1,100 7,700 7,700 German Fed. Repub. 5,187| 6,006] 41,758] 38,161 Netherlands ..... 1/ 1/ 2/1,510 3,375 Spainwepeteuae es! she ts T/ T/ = 5 13,247 Sweden......... 422 196 23070 4,482 United Kingdom 6,984] 6,883] 54,030) 48,161 United States..... 30,540] 29,449] 3/95,452] 131,480 IMB 565560000 2,982 1/ | 4/23,511] 23,743 celandmanei jie 19,134] 15,812] 76,450] 67,689 INCHWEY 6 boo ab bo 56,972] 45,528| 277,627) 189,789 IPCESU Shara rcacyeeewena 5,922 506] 969,397] 892,653 So. Afr. (including SLOWe Nig oilers 47,549] 29,620| 206,760] 232,822 Belgiumy es sei 375 375 2,625 2,625 I). Sueicuc aC CCE 19,698] 17,675] 153,147] 47,142 Sak seedy ie 1/ 1/ 1/ 7,900 2,019,403|1,820,474 Data available only for January-April 1966. 3/ Revised. ‘Data available only for January-June 1966. lote: Japan does not report production to the IAFMM, FEO PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS The member countries of the Fish Meal Exporters! Organization (FEO) whichaccount for about 90 percent of world exports of fish meal, report a rise in production and a drop in exports during January-July 1966--com- pared to the same period in 1965. The FEO countries are Chile, Angola, Iceland, Norway, Peru, and South Africa/South-West Africa. Table 1-FEO Exports of Fish Meal, Jan. -July 1 1966 _ COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 Oceanography "OCEANOGRAPHER" SAILS ON 14,000-MILE EXPEDITION The ''floating laboratory" of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, the Oceanographer, sailed from Jacksonville, Fla., October 3, for an 11-week, 14,000-mile scientific ex- pedition to the South Atlantic. The 303-foot, 3,800-ton, $9.2 million air- conditioned vessel is the largest and most completely automated oceanographic research vessel in the United States. It will conduct a wide range of marine scientific studies off the east coast of South America and partici- pate in observations of a total eclipse of the sun on November 12. Scientific Marine Studies Oceanographic track of the trip of the Oceanographer which was designated "Operation Eclipse". The expedition's objectives are to make a scientific observation of the total eclipse and conduct research along the continental margins of Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. South American scientists were invited to participate in various phases of the expedi- tion. The Oceanographer will seek evidence to evaluate the suggestion that the earth's continents were once part of one or two super- continents that split aeons ago and have been adrift since. Its work may shed light on the idea that South America and Africa were once one continent. 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW The studies will determine the topography of continental shelf and slope in this area and the nature of the ocean's subbottom. Meas- urements of the earth's magnetic and gravi- tational forces will be conducted as an aidto understanding earth's crust. Bottomsamples will be taken to study the nature of the sea floor. The Oceanographer was scheduled toreach Buenos Aires on November 6 and prepare for the solar eclipse. It will be stationed directly in the path of the total eclipse, about 200 miles east of Buenos Aires and 150 miles off the Argentine coast. During the 2-minute total eclipse, an effort will be made to de- termine whether the ocean's deep scattering layer can be detected. Joint Coral Sed Survey Under Way The Royal Australian Naval Experimen- tal Laboratory and the U. 5. Naval Oceano- graphic Officeare participating in a year- long oceanographic survey operation in the Coral Sea. Vol. 28, No. 11 Study Earth’s Magnetic Field The U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office (NOO) is conducting an airborne geomagnetic sur- vey--called Project Magnet--of all accessi- ble ocean areas of the world. Geophysicists have long sought greater knowledge of the earth's magnetic field. A NOO plane left in early October on a 44-day round-the-world trip. Mariners Warned of Dangers in Commercial Fishing Techniques The expansion of the world's fishing fleets and the development of complex harvesting techniques pose new dangers to ship and boat owners, warns the October 1966 Pilot Chart of the U. S, Naval Oceanographic Office. A danger facing a maritime watch officer or pleasure boat owner is the offshore fish- ing line that runs up to 15 miles or more. Although glass -buoyed float lines and mark- er pennants are generally used, an unwary mariner might foul his propeller in the ex- tensive gear. In coastal waters, natural estuaries, in- lets and rivers, watch officers should be alert to dangers presented by weirs, pound nets, and fish traps, the publication advises. jit a Wye SEDIMENTATION MAY TRANSFORM GULF OF MEXICO INTO A CONTINENT "Some of the world's small ocean basins (such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Bering Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the western Mediterranean Sea) may eventually become so filled with sediment that they become continents,'' said H. W. Menard, Office of Science and Technology, Executive Office of the President, of the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union in Washington, D. C. These basins have only small areas, but they contain nearly as much sediment as the enormous basins of the world and a far greater volume of sediment than the deep-sea trenches, Thick layers of sediment and sedimentary rock accumulate on the oceanic crustal bottom to depths of more than six miles. If sedimentation con- tinues, these basins will fill up eventually and become part of the continents. (Re- printed, with permission from Science News, weekly summary of current science, c 1966 by Science Service, Inc.) November 1966 FOREIGN EUROPE European Economic Community FISHERIES POLICY DRAFTED The European Economic Community(EEC), faced with a mounting bill for fish imports, has drafted a common fisheries policy toen- able the fishermen of their member nations to increase production. The catch by EEC fishermen has remained relatively unchanged at 2 million tons per year, while world output has increased markedly. EEC imports of fishery products in 1963 were about $195 mil- lion. The draft proposal would harmonize sup- port systems of member nations for their commercial fishing industries; stabilize their fishermen's income; establish uniform mar- keting regulations and quality standards; and create a framework for modernizing the fish- ing fleets. Fishermen displaced by automa- tion would be retrained. The overall policy would resemble policies for the agriculture sector of EEC economies: using price sup- ports and intercommunity levies until desired prices are realized. Lo LNG European Free Trade Association ITS CATCH IS 23 TIMES EEC!S Over 5 million metric tons of fish were landed in 1965 by countries of the European Free Trade Association: Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, United Kingdom, Switzer- land, and Austria. Per-capita consumption averages 26.5 pounds a year. In the Euro- pean Economic Community, the annual total catch is about 2 million tons; per-capita con- Sumption is about 13 pounds. The main fishing grounds of the EFTA countries are the coastal and international waters of the North Atlantic area. Cod and herring account for most of the fish caught. The former, and related species such as hake and haddock, are particularly COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 important to Britain (two-thirds of the total catch), to Norway and Portugal, and to Green- land and the Faroe Islands. The herring catchis less evenly distributed. It accounts for only a small part of the Brit- ish landings, but it is of great importance to the Nordic countries. Sardines, classified with herring, are traditionally important for Portuguese exports, but their share in the total Portuguese catch has fallen since 1940. Fish other than the cod andherring groups are gradually becoming more important be- cause they are generally of greater value. The present healthy position of the Danish fishing industry owes much to its production of trout, plaice, Atlantic salmon, and shell- fish, all of which bring good prices. The countries that catch most fish are also those that eat the most. This is partly tradi- tion, and partly the natural result of geography and economics. Only recently, with the rise of quick-freezing, has it become possible to provide ocean fish in good condition to inland markets, and even now good fish are cheapest near fishing ports. An average of 40 pounds of fish a year is consumed by each citizen of Norway, Sweden, and Portugal; Icelanders eat more. Denmark, Finland, and the United Kingdom are somewhat less enthusiastic, but still eat much more than the non-EFTA Euro- pean average. Consumption in Austria and Switzerland, although rising rapidly with the development of cold-distribution systems, remains low at about 8 pounds a year. Exports and Imports Balance In most years, EFTA exports and imports of fish are roughly in balance at $350-400 million. There is significant trade among EFTA nations themselves. Since fishing ves - sels of one EFTA country frequently land catches in another, the trade is sometimes in both directions; for example, between Den- mark and Sweden, Exports of fish are of special importance to three EFTA countries: Norway, Portugal, and Denmark. Norway until recently accounted regularly for half or more of total EFTA ex- ports of fish; now it is responsible for a little 38 COMM#RCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW EFTA (Contd.): over two-fifths; her fishery export earnings of $156 million in 1964 were about 13 percent of total exports. For Portugal, fish sales abroad earned $49 million or 10 percent of her total exports. For Denmark, the figures were $100 million and 5 percent, respectively. Britain and Sweden, each with total exports of about $26 million in 1964, are the only other EFTA exporters of significance. About 40 percent of total EFTA exports of fish are either fresh or frozen. Exports of fresh or frozen fish—and especially fish fil- lets—more than doubled in value between 1948 and 1964, rising from $68 million to $156 million. Exports of salted, dried, and smoked fish have fallen substantially since World War II. Most such exports are shipped from Norway, which still finds its traditional market for dried and salted cod in Portugal, Brazil, Italy, and Spain. More important today are exports of canned fish. Portugal accounts for about 50 percent of the EFTA total (mostly sardines, anchovies, mackerel and tuna) and Norway 30 percent (mostly canned herring and sprat). Norway also earns substantial sums from ex- ports of fish meal and marine oil. Three-fifths of all EF TA imports of fish and fish products go to the British market. Sweden comes next, but far behind Britain, with 11 percent. Denmark and Switzerland each imports about 6-7 percent of the EFTA total. Somewhat less than half of Britain's totalimports of fishare bought fromher EFTA partners; Norway and Denmark are in roughly equal position as the main suppliers. (EFTA Reporter, August 8, 1966.) a f enol @ SRE TEAS | Denmark 1968 INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES FAIR PLANNED The Danish fishing industry is sponsoring the Sixth International Fisheries Trade Fair, which will be held in Esbjerg, April 24-May 5, 1968. Scheduled originally for Copenhagen in 1967, plans for the fair were changed so that it could be tied in with the centenary of the fisheries harbor in Esbjerg. Vol. 28, No. 11 The recently constructed Exhibition Hallin Esbjerg will provide an area of 8,000 square meters to display the latest developments in fishing and processing equipment. Modern fishing vessels can be shown in the harbor. Denmark's Fifth International Fisheries Trade held in Copenhagen, September 1964, attracted 200 exhibitors from 14 countries. It is expected that the European fishing in- dustry will be well represented at Esbjerg in 1968. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Dec. 1964 p. 91. Soviet Union FISHES FOR TUNA IN INDIAN OCEAN The tuna factory mothership Svetlii Luch departed the fishing base on Shikotan Island at the end of August 1966 for several months of fishing in the Indian Ocean. Its first stop was in the southern Kuril Islands (where a large Soviet fishing fleet catches Pacific saury) to obtain bait. It is seeking tuna and, for the first time, squid. The Luch was bought from Japan in 1965, with 4 other identical vessels, for about US$20 million. The terms were 30 percent down, and the rest in semiannual payments of 5 percent of the total price. The Luch- class has a capacity of about 5,300 gross tons and accommodations for a crew of 180. It is 115 meters (377 feet) long and can op- erate for about 4 months without resupplying. (Additional technical details available on re- quest.) She went on maiden cruise to the tropical Pacific in May 1965 for 4-5 months. The second trip began in October 1965 and ended in early April 1966. During that voy- age, about 400 metric tons of tuna were caught and canned. Canned tuna, costing 0.80 rubles ($0.89) for a7-oz. can, is prominently displayed in Moscow fishery products stores, RESEARCH VESSELS ARE ACTIVE Two TINRO research vessels, the Adler and the Iskatel', returned to Vladisvostok in late August and early September, and two others sailed from the port on research mis - November 1966 Soviet Union (Contd.): sions. TINRO is the Pacific Scientific Insti- tute for Fisheries and Oceanography. From about February 1966, the Adler studied fishery resources and their potential off U.S. and Mex- ican Pacific coasts. Crisscrossing the east- ern Pacific between Vancouver, B.C., and Baja California, she used theformerasa port of call for supplies until the Canadian Govern- ment enforced existing regulations prohibiting a foreign vessel with fishing gear aboard from entering her ports except in emergencies. Early in 1966, theIskatel' found largean- chovy resources off the Mexican andU.S. coasts. She then went ona 2-month expedition to the AleutianIslands, where she explored for Pacific ocean perch stocks and studied the bio- logy of Alaska pollock and sablefish. Leaving Vladivostok when the 2 TINRO vessels returned were the Akademik Berg, flagship of the Pacific fishery research fleet, a recently built large stern freezer trawler. Her destination was the central Bering Sea to study deep-water stocks of halibut and sable- fish. She willtrawlfor those species at 400- 1,500 meters (1,200-4,500 feet). A second vessel, the Seskar, replaced the Iskatel' in searching for ocean perch, sablefish, and halibut in an unspecified area off the U.S. Alaskan coast. STUDIES PACIFIC SAURY During February-October 1965, the re- search vessel Ogon of the Pacific Scientific Institute for Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO) studied the distribution of saury stocks off the Pacific Northwest. No com- mercial-size stocks were observed during June-July. But from August to October, the saury occupied a 13,000-square-mile area about 50-70 miles off U. S. coasts. Some- times they stretched to a maximum length of 450 miles, from northern Washington to Eu- reka in northern California, or between 41° and 48° N. latitude--and to a maximum width of 150 miles. The distribution was irregular; most dense concentrations were noted be- tween 42°18! and 44°22! N. latitude or off southern Oregon, where the size of fish av- eraged 26 to 30 cm. (10 to 11 inches) and weighed 100 grams (3.53 lbs.) each. North of that area, saury concentrations were less dense; south of the area, the size was much smaller (18-22 cm. or 7-9 inches). COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 According to Soviet scientists, saury as- semble off the Pacific Northwest to feed and spawn in August, and probably remain until November. (Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, No. 7,1966, pp. 20-21.) The TINRO fishery research vessel Krym left Vladivostok in mid-September 1966 ona 3-month cruise. Her scientists will study the biology of the Pacific saury during their win- ter migrations. DEVELOPS NEW OCEAN PERCH FISHERY In August, the Soviet Far Eastern Fisher- eries Administration began to fish for Pacific ocean perch off the North Kuril Islands (south of Paramushir Island). This fishery is still in an experimental stage and only 1 or 2 Sak- halin large stern freezer trawlers are fish- ing there. Average daily catches run about 50 metric tons; the highest daily catch ex- ceeded 70 tons. Other vessels will probably be sent to the area. Because the size of the resource is not known, it is not known how many vessels it will support. East Germany EXPANDS HER FISHERIES In mid-September, the factory sterntrawl- er ROS 312-Bodo Uhse which had been oper- ating on Georges Bank was joined by another large stern trawler. (Ostsee-Zeitung, August 31, 1966.) This is the first time since 1962 that East Germans have fished on Georges Bank. In 1962, 3 large factory trawlers were sighted in September-December, and 10 me- diumtrawlersinJune. East Germany's ICNAF fishery is traditionally conducted south of Greenland, in the Labrador Sea, and off New- foundland. Along with their advance to the south in the Northwest Atlantic, they began to fish off South-West Africa in the eastern At- lantic. One factory trawler, ROS 311-Rudolf Leonhard was reported fishing in Walvis Bay in early September 1966. At the same time, the research vessel Ernst Haeckl was con- ducting studies in the South Atlantic. East Germany is the last East European nation to expand her traditional post-World War II fishing grounds. Commercial Fisheries Review has reported the previous expansion of 40 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW East Germany (Contd.): fishing effort, mostly inthe Atlantic, of Roma- nia, Bulgaria, Poland, Yugoslavia, andthe So- viet Union. Except for Yugoslavia, other East European nations coordinate their research and operational plans very closely with the U.S.S.R. There are many reasons for the late entry of East Germany in this race to southern fish- ing grounds. Most important is that immedi- ately after the war the East Germans were persuaded by the Soviets to construct fishing vessels for their fleet. A large portion of the initial Soviet high-seas fleet--hundreds of medium side trawlers in the SRT and SRTR classes --were built in East German shipyards. East Germany herself has no more than about 50-60 medium trawlers ranging from 260 to 940 gross tons. She has only 1 or 2 modern (1964-1965) base ships in addition to 2 older ones (1950 and 1956). In the early 1960s, construction of large factory stern trawlers began in the Wismar and Stralsund shipyards. The Wismar-built, 3,000-gross-ton Bertold Brecht class was constructed for the East German fishing fleet; the Stralsund 2,600-gross-ton Tropik class for the Soviets. By 1966, over 60 Tropiks were delivered to the Soviets and only about 15 Bertold Brechts to the domestic fleet. These largely self-sufficient factory trawl- ers, however, make it possible now for East Germany to extend her high-seas fishing op- erations to greater distances. wa REPORTS FISHERY LANDINGS AND HOW USED, JANUARY-MARCH 1965 and 1966 Iceland eoeeee 239,943 ich are landed round, 223,731 all fish are eee. cept for herring, drawn weight. Vol. 28, No. 11 How Utilized 135,814 2,919 1, 452 937 Fresh on ice sss es eee es Freezing and filleting ..... Salting. . 2.20. Stockfish (dried unsalted) . oe Canning . 2. ..0+sce.0 Gillandineal an 2 anes ‘Aeqi ir, June 1966. Italy INDUSTRY SEEKS RISE IN DUTY-FREE QUOTA OF FROZEN TUNA The tuna industry has asked the govern- ment to begin negotiations immediately to have present restrictions on frozen tuna im- ports liberalized. In 1965, following negotia- tions at Brussels with other EEC nations, Italy was permitted to import from non-EEC countries 14,000 metric tons of frozen tuna duty free, assess an ad valorem duty of 0.5 percent for imports between 14,000-40,000 metric tons, and 15 percent over 40,000 tons. Beginning in 1970, under the Treaty of Rome, Italy will adopt a common external tariff policy. At that time, under the Com- mon Market tariff schedule, she will be per- mitted to import 14,000 tons of tuna duty free free--but must assess an ad valorem duty of 35 percent for imports exceeding that amount. That high tariff is expected to seriously hurt the canned tuna industry, which presently im- ports annually about 40,000 tons of tuna, most- ly from Japan. For this reason, the industry seeks to have the 14,000-ton duty-free quota raised to 40,000 tons. (Nihon Suisan Shim- bun, September 5, POG: ) November 1966 Norway CANNED FISH EXPORTS REPORTED FOR JANUARY 1-JULY 16, 1966 As of mid-July, exports of canned brisling in 1966 were running about 13 percent higher than in the same period of 1965, but shipments of canned sild were down due to a disappoint - ing pack. Exports of canned kippered herring alsodeclined slightly while exports of soft herring roe went upsubstantially. The United States and Great Britain are Norway's lead- ing markets for canned brisling and sardines. Exports of Principal Canned Fishery Products, January 1-July 16, 1966 Jan. 1-July 16, 1966 - (1,000 Standard Casesi/)... o-000 000 00 236 208 O10 010100 392 442 Kippered herring. ... 141 148 Jan. 1-July 17 Products 1965 ’ Soft herring roe .... 60 43 |1/Cases of 48 < cans. In mid-July 1966, small sild for canning was in very short supply; brisling landings were good. (Norwegian Canners Export Jour- nal, Aug. 1966.) Romania TRAWLER RETURNS FROM NORTHWEST ATLANTIC The Galati has returned from fishing on Georges Bank off New England. The trip lasted from May 17 to August 23; 54 of the 99 days were spent fishing. The total catch was about 2,000 metric tons (species not speci- fied). The crew of about 100 averaged 8-10 hours of fishing a day. The record catchwas 40 tons a day and catches of 30 tons a day were not uncommon... (The Galati is one of 2 large stern freezer trawlers bought in Japan 2 years ago.) (U.S. Embassy, Bucharest, September 9, 1966.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 ASIA Japan FISHERMEN SEEK 12-MILE ZONE Disturbed by increasing foreign competi- tion in recent years, the fishermen of Hok- kaido now are seeking to establish an exclu- sive fishing zone beyond the 3-mile territo- rial sea limit. They blame the increased op- erations of Soviet saury fleets off northern Japan and of South Korean vessels off Hok- kaido which use Japanese ports to unload their catches. Supported by the Hokkaido Prefectural As- sembly Fisheries Committee, the fishermen are preparing to launch a vigorous movement to unify Japanese views toward establishing a 12-mile exclusive fishing zone. They claim it is necessary because foreign vessels are threatening to ravage coastal fishery re- sources, disrupt orderly fishing, and may de- stroy Hokkaido's fishery economy. Faced with this pressure, the Government, despite its traditional adherence to the 3-mile con- cept, may need to reevaluate its policy. (Sui- san Keizai Shimbun, September 15, 1966, and other sources.) Hk ook ok ok TRAWLER COMMITTEE PROPOSES EXPLORATION OFF U.S. EAST COAST The Japanese Overseas Trawler Associa- tion was expected to review the recommenda - tions of its study committee that selected the most promising fishing grounds not now ex- ploited by Japan. The committee reportedly agreed on September 16 that priority be given to surveying the Atlantic grounds off North and South America because they held the greatest potential. It noted the Soviet fleet's operation off northeastern United States as indicating the possible potential of such re- sources as codlike fish and other deep-swim- ming species in nearby waters. The Association's members recently agreed to pool resources to conduct explorations for new fishing grounds. The Association is ex- pected to select a suitable 1,000-ton trawler for the survey from one of its member firms. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, September 19, 1966.) 42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): JOINT WHALE SURVEY IN ANTARCTIC PLANNED The three whaling companies have agreed to cooperate in a joint survey of the Antarctic Ocean whale resources. They plan to send the 750-ton Chiyoda Maru No. 5 to grounds not previously explored or exploited to study the abundance of fin and sei whales. One ob- jective reportedly is to determine the reli- ability of whale stock assessments. According to scientists, the whale stocks are being seriously depleted and face extinc- tion if not protected. Based on their findings, the international whale catch quota has been reduced over the years. For the 21st Ant- arctic whaling season, December 1966-April 1967, the quota was slashed by 1,000 blue- whale units (BWU), from 4,500 BWUs to 3,500 BWUs. Following a September meet- ingin Tokyo to discuss quotas, the three ac- tive nations, Japan, Norway, and the Soviet Union, reached a provisional one-year accord on quotas: Japan--1,633 (46.66 percent); So- viet Union--1,067 (30.48 percent), and Nor- way--800 (22.86 percent). The Japanese press reported that the Ja- panese whaling industry feels that present stock assessments, based only on catch data, may not necessarily be correct because there may exist unexploited resources. If unexploited resources are found by the sur- vey vessel, it would mean that the assess- ment of stock conditions should be reevalu- ated. The Chiyoda Maru was scheduled to de- part Yokohama November 18 and conduct the survey from December 11, 1966 to March 20, 1967. Principal grounds are Area 3 East and Areas 5 and 6. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, September 12, 1966, and other sources.) Ke Ne ok ok ok EXPLORES FOR SALMON IN CHUKCHI SEA WITH POOR RESULTS The 200-ton Japanese fishing vessel Dairin Maru No. 8, sent to the Chukchi Sea this summer to explore for salmon,returned to Tokyo September 4 after an 80-day trip. Fifty-two days were spent on the fishing grounds. She gill-netted about 25,000 salm- Vol. 28, No. 11 on, almost all chums, averaging 3.2 kilo- grams (7 lbs.) per fish. The total catch was about 80 metric tons (176,000 lbs.). Most of the catch was salted; six tons were frozen. The catch per shackle of net ranged from 0.1-1.5 fish, with average of 0.8. Because of the Arctic nights--darkness did not set in--it was difficult to select best time to set and retrieve gear. Fishing in un- familiar waters during only slightly over 50 days, personnel were not able to clearly de- termine salmon migration routes and sea con- ditions and got only a rough picture of condi- tions on the fishing grounds. The Japanese firm was reported to have suffered a fairly large financial loss but in- tends to send a vessel to the Chukchi Sea again next year. It plans to study this year's data carefully and compare them with salm- on landings made at nearby Alaskan shore in- stallations--to determine relations, if any, to timing of the runs and migration routes. (Suisan Tsushin, September 17, 1966.) K OK 3K SET NEW EXPORT PRICES FOR SALMON The Japan Canned Salmon-Crab Sales Com- pany announced on September 16 new export prices for canned ''tidbit'' red, silver, and king salmon: Price/Case for Shi pments to: Can and K a Case Size (Shillings/Pence)3/ 123 121/3 156 153 79/3 | 77/9 -lb. 48's 109/6 | 99/6 -lb. 48's 105/9 | 95/9 Excludes shipments to United Kingdom. 1 Ib, 48!s -lb. 96!s -lb. 48's DIE Pe AE JE ty] 1 /F.o.b. price. 2/C. & f. price. /One shilling= 12 pence=approx. US$0.14. One pence= US$0.0117. Shipments must be loaded on board car- riers by December 31, 1966. However, trad- ing firms contracting for over 10,000 cases of "'tidbit'’ reds will have until February 28, 1967, to ship their products--but must ship over 70 percent of their contracted quantities by December 31. The last day for submitting buy offers was September 26. November 1966 Japan (Contd.): Completion of the coming sale is expected to just about clean out this year's pack. (Sui- san Tsushin, September 19, 1966.) b Adan 4b ti a 4 FISHERY RELATIONS WITH SOUTH KOREA MAY BE REEXAMINED The advance of South Korea into the North Pacific salmon and trawl fishery and the re- cent entry of her vessels into Japanese ports to unload catches have reportedly strengthen- ed the view of Japanese fishery circles that the government should reexamine its thinking about South Korea's expansion program. The program is based largely on Japanese assist- ance. They maintain the Government's curb on port entry by South Korean vessels is only temporary and will not effectively check the expansion, A trade journal editorial noted disunity in the industry, the absence of long-range plan- ning concerning South Korea, and urged for- mulation of a basic long-term policy to reg- ulate vessel and gear exports, imports of fishery products from South Korea, and cre- ation of joint ventures with her. The Japanese Embassy in Seoul reported that South Korea's present fleet numbers about 50,000 vessels totaling 190,000 gross tons. Of these, about 7,000 vessels (14 per- cent) are motorized; the remaining 86 per- cent are unpowered craft. Vessels under 5 gross tons comprise 86 percent of the fleet; 67 percent are under 2 tons. South Korea, with Japan's aid, plans to increase tonnage within next five years by about 100,000 gross tons to 300,000 tons. Japanese interests fear this would inevitably lead to competition in offshore fisheries. (Minato Shimbun, September 13, 1966, and other sources.) He ote fe ke ok PLANS TO BUILD FLOATING SUPPLY BASE FOR TUNA FLEET The Japan National Federation of Tuna Fishermen's Cooperative Associations (NIKKATSUREN) is planning to construct a 1,600-gross-ton ''floating supply base" to provide fuel, provisions, and medical serv- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43 ice to tuna vessels at sea. Now in the blue- print stage, the vesselwill cost about 280 mil- lion yen(US$777,778) and have a 21-mancrew, plus accommodations for 2 NIKKATSUREN representatives, 1 doctor, and 2 patients. It is scheduled to begin operations in 1968, ini- tially in the eastern Pacific Ocean. This venture is another attempt by the Federation to improve management of tuna vessel operations to offset growing trend among coastal fishing countries to extend fishing zones and restrict use of ports. In 1963 and 1964, NIKKATSUREN successfully operated chartered tankers to conduct high- seas refueling operations inthe Pacific Ocean. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, September 15, 1966, and other sources.) HK Ok ok ok FROZEN TUNA EXPORT PRICES UP The Japanese frozen tuna export market was becoming firm in mid-September 1966-- compared to preceding weeks--with prices for both yellowfin and albacore up about $30 a short ton. Trading firms contracted for delivery of frozen tuna to California at the following prices: yellowfin, gilled and gutted US$470-475 a short ton c.i.f.; albacore, round $520 a short ton c.i.f. (Suisan Tsushin, Sept. 30, 1966.) He ok ok oe ok CANNED MACKEREL EXPORTS, JANUARY-JULY 1966 During January-July 1966, the equivalent of 67,203 cases of 1-lb. tall 48's, natural, and 1,068,556 cases of 3-lb. 48's (Japanese can size--flat No. 2 48's), other than natural, were cleared for export, according to the Ministry of Finance. In first-half 1965, ex- ports of 1-lb. tall natural totaled 400,999 cases, and of $-lb. other than natural 418,507 cases. Of total exports, the equivalent of 3,219 cases of 1-lb. tall natural, and 14,003 cases of $-lb. other than natural, were ex- ported to the United States. (Suisan Tsushin, September 13, 1966.) 44 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Communist China NEW RESEARCH VESSEL BUILT Communist China's first marine research vessel was built early in 1966. The 2,500- gross-ton vessel Tung Fang Hung (''East is Red'') is equipped for biological, hydrological, meteorological, geological, physical, and chemical marine research. She has special- ized laboratories and modern oceanographic equipment. The Chinese have entered the tuna fisher- ies with a vessel bought from Japan. They have begun whaling with a specialized vessel built at home. It is also reported that a plant for manufacturing echo-sounders is in oper- ation. Though available data are sketchy and hard to interpret, there is little doubt that Communist China's high-seas fisheries are in the take-off stage of development. They are about where the Soviet fisheries were in early 1950s. South Korea SETS UP MARINE PRODUCTS OFFICE The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry showed the nation's interest in promoting fishing interests by elevating the former Fisheries Bureau to a Ssemiautonomous Office of Marine Products. The new office is headed by O Chong-kun, who was given vice minis - terial rank. The former bureau had 6 sec- tions; the new office has 3 bureaus (10 sec- tions) and an office of planning. (U.S. Em- bassy, Seoul, September 2, 1966.) North Vietnam FISHERMEN TRAIN IN U.S.S.R. On or about August 22, 1966, North Viet- namese fishery students arrived at Nakhodka, the largest fishing port in the Soviet Far East, to study modern fishing techniques and proc- essing technology. The visit may be related to increased technical aid recently promised North Vietnam by the Soviet Government. In Vol. 28, No. 11 early 1966, the Soviets delivered 3 medium freezer trawlers under the U.S.S.R.-North Vietnam technical assistance program. CANADA FIRST -HALF 1966 LANDINGS ARE DOWN BUT VALUEIS UP Landings during first-half 1966 totaled 808.2 million pounds valued at C$52.2 mil- lion, compared with 834.2 million pounds worth C$51.2 million during the same period of 1965. Sea fisheries landings (including New - foundland) during June 1966 amounted to 242.2 million pounds, an ex-vessel value of C$18.6 million compared to 238.0 million pounds valued at C$19.1 million in June 1965. The figures come from the June 1966 ''Monthly Review of Canadian Fisheries Statistics." Landings and ex-vessel values of principal species were: June 1966 [ 1965 1966 | 1965 ——— Landings Value Species Atlantic Coast: Cod —! . (1,000 Lbs.). - (1,000 C$). Flounder and sole .. Herring Swordfish ISODStET Steen esis Pacific Coast: Halibut eee ec edatte Herrin leet a eee meme Salmon Species Landings , (1,000 Lbs.) - (1,000 C$) Atlantic Coast: (Cel Gis do'd diab 06.0 219,877 |208,093 9,764 8,273 Inlevelsloyel<) S15 G6: /o0.0 65,085] 51,892 4,648 35399 POllOckseieweenaicneicnts 18,353] 26,346 723 925 Flounder and sole .. 88,874] 75,356 3,016 2,505 Herrin pea chemeneimentens 108,066] 93,025 1,500 1,178 Swordfilshyayswens pei ic 627] 1,346 378 613 Bobstenstiereyanemenene 20,127] 23,489 11,754 | 14,789 SCallopsiew.W-tevedameuten 7,027| 6,751 2,906 3,845 Pacific Coast: Halibut enc neaaire 14,929] 15,619 5,145 4,747 Herring ysis saermeienens 137,517 |221,205 2,299 2,904 Sallimony pilerawanean ie 7,510} 5,384 3,290 2,487 November 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 Canada (Contd.): NEWFOUNDLAND BAIT SERVICE EXPANDS The Newfoundland Bait Service is being further improved by the extension of refrig- erated bait storage facilities to serve areas requiring this service, the consolidation of existing storage units, and revised prices. The Bait Service, provided by the Federal Government under terms of Newfoundland's 1949 union with Canada, supplies bait to fish- ermen in areas not adequately served by pri- vate enterprise. The service supplies New- foundland and Labrador fishermen with close to 5 million pounds of bait annually through 19 depots and 38 holding units, 8 of which are going into operation for the first time this year. The government also operates the Arc- tica, which delivers bait supplies from depots to units in fishing areas. DIET TRICKS WITH FISH STICKS It takes no special tricks to fix fish sticks. Just follow the simple directions on the package. There's no trick to getting your family to eat them either; fish sticks have been an American favorite for years. The trick comes when you top piping hot fishsticks with a coldcaper sauce to present adieter's dream. Four fish sticks with a generous serving of this different, easy-to-do topping amount to about 240 calories. This quick-fix seafood slimmer, Fish Caper, will delight the dieter, fascinate the fastidious, and haul ina netful of compli- ments for the clever cook. Fish Caper is from a new, 16 page, full-color, diet booklet just released by the United States Department of the Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. This publication, Seafood Slimmers, is available for 25¢ from the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Washington, D. C. 20402. FISH CAPER 24 frozen fried fish sticks ( 3 to 14 ounces each) Caper Sauce Place frozenfried fishsticks in a single layer on a greased cookie sheet, 15 x 12 inch- es. Bake in a hot oven, 400° F., for 15 to 20 minutes or until heated through and crisp. Serve with Caper Sauce. Serves 6. Caper Sauce 1 cup yogurt 2 tablespoons chopped capers 1 tablespoon lemon juice 1 tablespoon chopped parsley 2 teaspoons instant minced onion 1 teaspoon grated lemon rind Combine all ingredients and mix thoroughly. Chill. Makes approximately 14 cups of sauce, 46 LATIN & SOUTH AMERICA Mexico SHRIMP PRODUCTION IMPROVES Shrimp production continued at good level during second quarter of 1966. Although the catches in May and June 1966 were slightly below those months in 1965, landings in April were so much greater than last April's that they brought the quarter's total up to 7.1 per- cent above 1965. Following the 4.3-percent increase over 1965 during the first quarter, 1966 looks like a fairly good year. According to preliminary figures of De- partment of Fisheries, total shrimp catches -- weights are as landed, including heads-on, heads -off, etc.--for the second quarter were: TGS we ... (Metric Tons)... PEW ete. sk 2,545.3 1,962.5 ay Wee tise! oy) 2,447.3 2,491.8 es ae 2,285.6 2,340.9 7,278.2 During first-half 1966, Mexico shipped 11 percent more shrimp to the United States than during first-half 1965. Shipments dur- ing January-June 1966 were slightly over 28 million pounds, compared to 25.2 million pounds in 1965 (mostly heads-off weight). The industry at Mazatlan was looking for- ward to a somewhat better year when the trawling season opened on September 15. Although production last season was below peak years, ‘nearly everyone made a little money,'' one operator said. The reason was high prices. These averaged 25 percent higher than before. The entire West Coast fleet was ready when the season opened. As the fishermen say, ''The first week tells the story. If it is good, the whole season will be good." The fishery in the lagoons opened some - what inauspiciously on September 1. Al- though conditions are excellent in most la- goons, with plenty of water from heavy and timely rains, the shrimp taken during the first week were unexpectedly small. They ran 70 to 80 to the pound, with some as small as 90, instead of the usual 40 to 60. However, preseason sampling indicated that COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 11 many larger shrimp left the lagoons for the ocean early, where they should be available to the fleet. Last year's contract between boat owners and crews who are members of cooperatives continues in effect, so fishing will not be de- layed by negotiations that kept the industry in turmoil last year. Most individual owners who believed the terms unfavorable sold their boats to the cooperatives; the co-ops now own about 90 percent of the Mazatlan fleet. The former boat owners still own the processing plants, which they operate only as a service for packaging and freezing the cooperatives! shrimp. Throughout the shrimp industry, the real profit opportunities lie in vessel ownership. Last year, with very high prices and fair catches (average 55,000 pounds a boat), the cooperative owners showed a profit. A drop in either catches or prices would be a severe test of the cooperative system's ability to survive. On the other hand, an excellent sea- son would test the willingness of the co-opsto reinvest earnings in new vessels and better equipment to better meet hard times, if and when they come. Unofficial reports say new contract will runfor 3 years and give fishermen moderate benefits to meet increased livingcosts. (Fish- eries Attaché, Mexico D. F., September 15, 1966.) sk ok ok Ok ok CURRENT EXPORT POTENTIAL OF MEXICAN FISHERY PRODUCTS Extensive exports of canned sardines to the United States are not likely for 3 reasons: the only species eligible for sale as sardine in the United States under Food and Drug Ad- ministration regulations has become very scarce; by far the greatest part of production is ineligible species; the increased domestic demand for "sardines" absorbs the entire production of existing canneries. Exports of frozen tuna have decreased in recent years largely because the growing do- mestic demand for canned tuna has resulted in packing almost everything the Mexican fleet catches. Only an unlikely large increase November 1966 Mexico (Contd.): in the fleet and catch will produce any appreci- able tuna surplusfor export. Two products capable of larger export--and whose produc - tion the Mexican industry is trying to in- crease--are spiny lobsters and frozen fish fillets. (Fisheries Attaché, U. S. Embassy, Mexico, D. F., August 20, 1966.) se se se ose ose Pha bibs s bass ENSENADA'S FISHERMEN ARE HAVING GOOD YEAR Ensenada, center of Baja California's fish- ing industry, is having asuccessful year. Baja Californiais Mexico's third largest fish-pro- ducing state by value and first by volume. The poor first quarter of 1966 for Ensenada's fishermen was followed by an excellent sec- ond quarter that insures asuccessful 1966. Ensenada has the largest fish cannery in Mexico. During first-half 1966, it increased its production capability by 25 percent; it planned further increases during the second half as domestic and foreign demand con- tinued to exceed production. The spiny lobster catch for the season that ended in March was excellent. Pros- pects for next season appear to be even bet- ter due to the continuing introduction of more efficient production methods and closer sur- veillance to prohibit illegal catches during the off-season. Several United States com- panies have already begun bidding for the 1966/67 catch at prices averaging US$.09 a pound higher than last year. An Ensenada group has been considering entering the high-seas fishing business. The possibility of Yugoslavia providing 5 vessels was discussed with a Yugoslav trade mission, The Mexican Federal Government is report- edly ready to allocate 75,000,000 pesos (US$6,000,000) to buy fishing vessels. (Unit- ed States Consulate, Tijuana.) ciate tee icp ste MAZATLAN HAS SHIPBOARD FISH PLANT A Mazatlan boat owner is highly pleased with his trial installation of a miniature fish meal plant aboard a former shrimp trawler. The plant, of Mexican design, is both simple and lightweight. It weighs about 13 tons and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 is mounted on deck. It consists essentially of a grinder and hot-air dryer with an auxili- ary diesel engine. The fish are tossed into a hopper leading into the grinder. Within a few seconds, the ground fish is passed in front of a hot-air blast and carried by a blower to sacks. The regular fishing crew can operate the plant. On a 24-hour basis, with a continual flow of raw fish, the plant can handle 20 metric tons. Under present working conditions, the plant processes up to 15 tons of raw fishina 20-hour day. One ton of meal is recovered per 5 tons of raw fish and usual production is 3 tons per day. In September 1966, the shipboard plant was handling sea catfish (bagre) almost entirely. Although this fish is rather dry, the plant was able to recover about 5 percent oil. The meal was 61 percent protein--comparing rather fav- orably with the 65 to 70 percent of the top- grade Peruvian anchovy meal with which it will have to compete. Because Mazatlan's climate is humid, the meal must be runthrough the dryer twice to reduce it to moisture con- tent of 7 or 8 percent. The second drying was being done aboardship, but the owner planned to install an auxiliary dryer in his shrimp- freezing plant to eliminate the extra ship- board work. As the fish go directly from trawl nets to hopper, they are extremely fresh; in fact some of the sea catfish are still alive. So there is no toxicity problem. Ten-day trips are usual because the vessel has a carrying capacity of 30 tons of meal. The operator has so far produced about 100 metric tons of fish meal and has not tried to sell any. The crew will share in the sales proceeds, whatever the price will be; mean- while, it is being paid on the basis of esti- mated price. Whether this operation becomes a financial success remains uncertain. Another shipboard installation was re- ported ready to operate at Mazatlan. That vessel will not fish, but it will circulate among the shrimp fleet to pick up scrap fish caught incidentally with the shrimp. The plant itself is said to be larger and it is aboard a larger vessel. (U. S. Embassy, Mexico, September 10, 1966.) Be 48 Chile FISH MEAL AND OIL PRODUCTION SOAR From January through July 1966, total production of fish meal was 151,356 tons-- double the total annual production of 1965 (70,580 tons) and nearly equal to the annual production of 1964 (156,638 tons). The anchovy catch in northern Chile dur- ing July 1966 reached 91,781 metric tons-- compared to 12,100 tons in 1965 and 36,800 tons in 1964. The port of Arica handled 75 percent; Iquique 25 percent. The catch from January to July 1966 was 834,700 tons of an- chovy, compared to 281,259 tons in 1965. Arica continues as the most active area. The fishing zones are located between 2 and 30 miles in Corazones (facing the port) and Chacalluta. Part of the Iquique fleet also op- erated there. In Iquique, the fishing sites most used were: Punta Quera, Chipana, Caleta Buena, San Marcos, and Punta Pichalo. During July, the 7 Arica plants operated for average of 17 working days; Iquique's 18 plants operated for average of 9 days. Two plants in Pisagua, 3 in Iquique, and 1 in Tocopilla did not operate. Production of fish meal from anchovy dur- ing July 1966 was 17,600 metric tons, com- pared with 2,190 tons in 1965 and 6,980 tons in 1964, The average yield during July was 1 ton of meal to 5.2 tons of anchovy. Prices paid for anchovy in July fluctuated between E® 52 (US$12.50) and E° 56 (US$13,50) a metric ton. Fish meal production in July from species other than anchovy--hake, sardine, and jack mackerel--was 2,000 metric tons. It brought 1966 production of this type of fish meal to 17,700 tons for the first 7 months, compared to 14,600 tons in 1965 during same period. Oil produced during July was 1,670 tons, compared with 42 tons in 1965 and 900 tons in July 1964. The average yield of oil was 1.8 percent. Production of fish oil during the first 7 months of 1966 was 16,164 tons, com- pared to 5,838 tons during same 1965 period, (U.S. Embassy, Santiago, September 7, 1966.) 6g (0S) ig Bae es CAS C03 og Bg RS COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 11 HER RICHES ARE JUST OFF COASTS-- BUT FAR FROM MARKETS Chile covers the southwest coast of South America, reaching all the way into the Ant- arctic waters of the Magellen straits. Itis 2,600 miles long and averages 150 miles wide. The southernmost thousand miles are a maze of channels and islands similar to the fjords of Norway. These extend for more than 700 miles and end in windswept Chilean Patagonia. The land's configuration is vitally impor- tant to Latin America's future. The very fragmentation of the coast in the south pro- vides one of the greatest, relatively undevel- oped fishing grounds onearth. Andinthe very near future it will have to be exploited. Dr. Hernan Santa Cruz, Assistant Director-Gen- eral for Latin American Affairs, United Na- tions Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has said: "In the next 20 years this region's population will increase from 200 to 360 million...the total demand for agricul- tural products will have doubled by 1980." However, there is an alternative to this im- mense and very nearly impossible growth in agriculture--fish. That is why officials of the Freedom from Hunger Campaign (FFHC) have begun to look to Southern Chile. But Latin America's "fisheries alterna- tive’ posesaproblem. Although the region's fisheries production rose nearly 10 times be- tween 1952 and 1962--compared with 68 per- cent in the rest of the world--most of the fish were not caught for human consumption. Al- most all protein wrested from the sea was used in fish meal for animal feed and was ex- ported to North American and European coun- tries to earn considerable foreign exchange. According to one scientist's estimate, George Borstrom's, four-fifths of the protein pro- duced by fisheries along the North and South American coasts is being used for animal feeding in North America and Western Euro- pe, which consume 2 to 3 times as much pro- tein as Chile and Peru. The Anchovy Dominates Production The explanation is that anchovy accounts for most of the fish produced in western Latin America. The anchovy is almost never used for anything but poultry and stock food in the form of fish meal. The producing countries U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 775 November 1966 Chile (Contd.): could not possibly use it all, even if they wanted to. However, the coasts of Latin America--especially western Latin Amer- ica--are extremely rich in edible seafood. To eliminate the present protein consumption deficit by 1980 in all of Latin America, it would be necessary to increase fish produc - tion by 2,000,000 metric tons edible weight, or about 4,000,000 tons of fish, round weight. These figures caused the California Free- dom from Hunger Committee to consider means of assisting the small fishermen of Puerto Montt, Chile, and neighboring Chiloe and Tenglo islands at the beginning of the vast southern archipelago. FFHC observers quickly noticed that troubles in the fishing centers just outside Puerto Montt did not come from any lack of fish. There is great variety there and many ‘shellfish, including oysters, scallops, sea urchins, hard clams, soft shell clams, razor clams, king crabs, lobsters, giant mussels, and Picos, or giant acornshell. But withpoor equipment it was sometimes difficult to catch them and, above all, to preserve and ship them. No one yet has been able to estimate the hundreds of thousands of tons of fishthat could be taken from these incredibly rich southern waters without improverishing them. But today there are no facilities for preserv- ing or shipping them properly to distant mar- kets. One FAO report estimates that insome seasons probably half the catch becomes spoiled and is thrown back into the sea. Re- alizing this, the California Committee of the Freedom from Hunger Campaign decided to establish a Fisheries Rehabilitation Project after the disastrous 1960 earthquake in South- ern Chile. Rehabilitation Project Started The Committee has donateddiving suits for the oyster fishermen and has studied the possibility of erecting salting and drying sheds and an ice plant. The difficulties in carrying out any ambitious crash programs are in some ways peculiar to the region it- self; the region owes its rich sea life to its remoteness and the corresponding near -im- possibility of getting fish to any sizable mar- ket. Drying sheds, or tunnels, for instance, are not needed primarily to reduce the fish's weight for shipping--not to conserve fish,which can be done almost as effectively with salt. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 Fig. 1 - Diver collecting oysters in waters off Southern Chile. They are so plentiful that diver can fill a basket in a few min- utes. (Photo by S. Larrain) Fig. 2 - Shellfish are held in the recurring tides to keep them alive before they are marketed by a fishermen's cooperative in Southern Chile. (Photo by S. Larrain) FFHC officials envisage the final stage of the project as the building of the first ice plant. All these projects would use local la- bor and thus would assist the economy. While the project is still modest, some idea of its possible future importance can be seen in the fact that even now on the west 50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Chile (Contd.): Fig. 3 - Fisherman of Southern Chile selling his catch directly from his boat at low tide. (Photo by S. Larrain) coast of Latin America--in Chile, Peru, and Ecuador--one-fifth of the people's total ani- mal protein consumption comes from fish. In Ecuador, 40 percent more than the present meat production would be necessary to re- place fish consumption--and this is consider - ed far too little. Preserving and shipping fish for human food from the one region in west- ern Latin America with a great supply can have important long-range effects. Long Haul May Bring Disaster Apart from shellfish, the sea in the im- mediate vicinity of Puerto Montt is especial- ly richin hake. This species may weigh as much as 10 or 15 pounds each, and may sell for as littleas 5centsperfish. Yet when the fish has changed hands once or twice, and is no longer fresh, it may cost as much as 50 cents. Ifitever gets to a market asfar away as Santiago, its price is ''sky-high.'' Two Vol. 28, No. 11 Za years ago, during Holy Week, the cooperative sent railway cars loaded with fish 600 miles up to Santiago, but lost the whole shipment when the cars were shunted to a siding and arrived 3 weeks late. Generally, the cooper- ative manages to get 150 to 180 boxes of fish into Santiago 3 times a week in trucks. Much the same situation prevails with the shellfish, which are plentiful in the Puerto Montt region. Shellfish may live out of water for some time, preferably on beaches washed regularly by tides. But they die in fresh wa- ter. They must be kept cool, and so salt-wa- ter ice should be used when packing to mini- mize losses. Without the necessary plant, this is impossible--because the shellfish have to be packed tightly in boxes and rushed to markets hundreds of miles away in the hope that they will survive. So, in Santiago, a doz- en Shellfish on a plate cost as much as an en- tire box weighing 10 or 15 pounds in Puerto Montt. The causes of the bottleneck are al- ways the same: lack of facilities for drying and icing, or lack of transportation, and often both. Puerto Montt's Cooperative The cooperative in Puerto Montt is fairly well equipped with boats. It has 70 small ones, mostly rowboats, and 11 larger craft with 8.5 horsepower engines. It also rents a 30-gross-ton privately-owned boat, and5 more of 15 to 18 gross tons. It is already doing quite well, though it could do much better. The Government finances a quarter of the housing, and in a few years the cooperative expects to erect a large new school. Although no school exists as yet, only 8 percent of the families are illiterate. The cooperatives receive other material advantages from the Government. They pay only half of the regular export tax, and they are allowed to import foreign equipment, es- pecially machinery, free of duty. Loans may also be obtained from the Corporacion de Fomento de la Produccion, but these are gen- erally used to buy foreign equipment and have to be repaid in dollars. Average earnings per member within the cooperative come to about $30 a month. It is a relatively small wage, but with cheap housing and plenty to eat--in- cluding all the fish they can use--the families live fairly well. United Nations officials have learned that a good way to contact the fisher - men is through their cooperative. November 1966 Chile (Contd.): Even projects of modest dimensions can have important effects. One day, the great archipelago of Southern Chile will become a reservoir of protein for itself and its neigh- bors. Then Latin Americans will eat fish on other days than Friday. (FAO, June 3, 1966.) A REVIEW OF THE FISHING FLEET At the end of 1965, the fishing fleet in- cluded 7,130 units of which 430 units be- longed to the industrial fishery and were larger than 10 gross registered tons (GRT); 6,330 units were small open boats of less than 10 GRT used in traditional fishing. The total value of the fleet was estimated at US$47.8; of this, about 86 percent, or US$41.0 million, belonged to the primary industrial fleet. Most of the fleet is represented by ves- sels whose length ranges between 12.5 and 27.5 meters (41-92 feet). The most frequent lengthis 20 to 22.5 meters (65.6-73.8 feet) and includes 170 units (or about 40 percent) of the total. The industrial fleet consists of vessels of 10 to 550 GRT, with the majority between 60 and 120 GRT. Of the industrial fleet, about 300 vessels use purse-Seine gear, the most commonfish- ing gear along the Chilean coast, Seventy- three percent of these vessels fished anchovy, 24 percent sardines, and only about 3 percent tuna and bonito. The second major fishing method is trawling, used by 70 units. The third is the harpoon used for whale hunting. The fleet is concentrated in 4 ports: Arica, Iquique, Valparaiso, and Talcahuano. Based on tonnage and number of vessels, Iquique is the principal fishing port, Valparaiso is sec- ond, Over 300 units of the existing fleet were constructed in national shipyards; the re- maining 125 units abroad. About 69 percent of the total fleet is made of steel and 31 per- cent of wood. The construction of the new steel fleet of 180 vessels began in 1962 at 5 national shipyards in Iquique, Antofagasta, San Antonio, and Valdivia. Sixty-eight percent of the fleet is 5 or less years old: less than 2 years~-27 per- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 cent; 2 toSyears--41 percent; 6 to 10 years -- 14 percent; over 10 years--18 percent. Based on tonnage, the annual increase rate of the fleet during the past 5 years was: 1961-- 8 percent; 1962--16 percent; 1963--34 per- cent; 1964--78 percent; 1965--15 percent. From 1961-1965, the anchovy fleet increased 5.9 times; the sardine fleet 1.8 times; the fleet trawling for shrimp and spiny lobster 2 times. The number of trawlers for hake fish- ing and vessels used for whale-hunting re- mained the same. (U.S, Embassy, Santiago.) Ecuador FISHERY INDUSTRY GREW IN APRIL-JUNE 1966 The fishing and fish packing industries were among segments of the economy report ~- ing significant developments during the sec- ond quarter of 1966. A new subsidiary of a U. S. firm began ex- porting frozen tuna from Manta. While it builds its freezing plant, the subsidiary will freeze the tuna on board a vessel it will ac- quire. Another firm in Manta applied for classification under the Industrial Develop- ment Law to build a plant for packaging fish fillets, smoked fish, anchovies, and other products. A small freezing plant of the fishermen's cooperative opened in Esmeraldas. Another firm, with American investment capital, was planning to operate in the same town. In Gua- yaquil, a firm with American capital planned to install a tuna cannery. The Director of the Institute of Fisheries recently predicted that the industry would one day surpass the banana industry as the lead- ing export earner. To hasten that day, the government in July 1966 granted duty-free entry of fishing supplies and equipment. (U.S. Embassy, Quito, July 29, 1966.) Redes bey ees te3 FISHING INDUSTRY FREED FROM SOME IMPORT DUTIES A government decree frees local fishing companies from all import duties and munic- 52 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Ecuador (Contd.): ipal taxes for the importation of fishing equip- ment on List I(essential imports). The decree also reduces income taxes on all earnings used to buy new, or improve existing, equip- ment. The new legislation affects only the "extractive'' phase of the industry and grants no special privileges to processing or mar- keting operations. Equipment acquired under the new law may not be sold or rented with- out authorization of the Ministry of Indus- tries and Commerce. (U.S. Embassy, Quito, July 26, 1966.) Brazil DRAFTS REVISION OF BASIC FISHERIES LAW President Castello Branco in late August 1966 forwarded to the Brazilian Congress the draft of a basic fisheries law for action within 60 days. Modifications must be ap- proved by both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate within that period or it automati- cally becomes law. It was drawn up by the Superintendency for Development of Fisher - ies (SUDEPE) in consultation with represen- tatives of interested Government Ministries (Agriculture, Navy, Industry and Commerce, Planning and Finance) and technicians of the Superintendency for Development of the Northeast (SUDENE), and the Food and Agri- culture Organization of the United Nations. Because of this sponsorship, the bill is ex- pected to prove less controversial than other draft bills prepared by SUDEPE in recent years. None of these reached the Congress. The proposed legislation revokes the ob- solete 1938 Fishing Code and incorporates many provisions of Decree No. 58696, June 22, 1966. The decree classified fishing and fish processing as a basic industry and pro- vided incentives for developing commercial fisheries operations. It is expected to re- main in effect to complement the new law. There are provisions in the draft bill that hold major interest to United States and oth- er foreign investors. Some provisions stip- ulate that foreign vessels may undertake commercial fishing activities in Brazilian waters when registered and authorized by Vol. 28, No. 11 SUDEPE and also specifically authorized by executive decree. Thebill establishes Brazil- ian fisheries jurisdiction over inland andterri- torial waters andthe high seas and Continental Shelf in accordance with international treaties and conventions ratified by Brazil. It is ex- pected that the Brazilian Government will shortly ratify four Geneva Conventions: on Fishing and Conservation, High Seas, Conti- nental Shelf, and on Territorial Seas. Among other important modifications of existing legislation: (a) duly authorized for- eigners may engage in professional fishing, but Brazilian nationals shall continue to pre- dominate in crew composition; (b) the operation of fishing vessels and processing industries will be controlled to accelerate development; (c) sets up a practicable system to protect fisheries resources; (d) establishes incen- tives for developing fisheries industry: ex- emption for 5 years from publication date of law from import, consumption, and other fed- eral taxes on fishing boats, equipment, and spare parts wher imported by firms with de- velopment projects approved by SUDEPE. The same benefits cover imports of machin- ery and equipment to manufacture fishing nets and similar products. Brazilian fishing firms would be exempted from income tax for five consecutive years on income reinvested in development projects. Finally, investments in the form of subscription to the capital of fishing companies with approved projects would alsobe exempt from income tax through 1971. (U. S. Embassy, Rio de Janiero, Sep- tember 6, 1966.) CATFISH FOR SALE According to a reliable source, the Re- gional Delegation of Superintendency for Development of Fisheries (SUDEPE) in Belem reports large supplies of catfish available for export from that area. The Regional Delegation understands that a num- ber of United States firms are interested in importing catfish and will be glad to put in- guirers in touch with Belem exporters. The species available are ''Piramutaba" and Inquiries to: Delegacia da Sudepe, Rua Dr. Assis, 62, Belem, Para, Brazil. (U.S. Embassy, Rio de Janeiro, September 8, 1966.) (Aa November 1966 Panama NEW DECREE REGULATES FISH MEAL INDUSTRY On July 20, 1966, President Marco A. Robles signed Decree Law No. 168 designed to insure orderly development of fish meal industry. The decree establishes 5 fishing zones off Pacific Coast and stipulates that vessels of not more than 2 fish meal plants, including existing plants, may fish in any one zone. The decree limits the number of fish- ing vessels that can be used by Panama's 2 existing plants. It also specifies that the size of future plants and fleets must be approved by the Ministry of Agriculture, Commerce and Industries. Final approval for plants will be contingent on conduct of exploratory purse-seine operations to determine maxi- mum extent of fisheries--and to prove that anchovy and thread herring stocks will not be overfished as a result of proposed fishing operations. Exploratory fishing must be con- ducted at expense of applicants for licenses. Licensing fees, fines, and other aspects of fisheries regulations are described, Apparently, the decree was prepared at request of Panama's Director of Fisheries. It is based on recommendations of members of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Com- mission (IATTC) and the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). (U.S. Embassy, Panama, August 11, 1966.) Peru FISH MEAL PRODUCTION RESUMES--PROSPECTS GOOD On September 1, 1966, anchovy fishing started up again after a three-month closed season to conserve the resource. Many of the country's 140 plants and estimated 1,800 fishing vessels were not quite ready. To make matters worse, rough seas kept the fleets in harbor on the northern and central coasts. Inthe south, fishing was reported excellent from the standpoint of catches and size of fish. The forecast is for excellent fishing at least through December 1966, though producers still complain about the pinch of increased costs. (U. S. Embassy, Lima, September 11, 1966.) Ca COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 Foreign Fishing Off U. S. Coasts, September 1966 IN NORTHWEST ATLANTIC For the third consecutive month, poor weather conditions on Georges Bank and vi- cinity limited aerial observations of foreign fishing. Soviet: In September, there was no signi- ficant change in the estimated 65 to 70 So- viet fishing and support vessels on Georges Bank. Slightly over 100 Soviet vessels were reported a year ago, but they included many more smaller vessels than were present this year. Sixty-six individual vessels sighted in September were identified as 31 factory stern trawlers, 18 large refrigerated side trawlers, 8 medium side trawlers, 5 refrigerated fish transports, one factory base ship, one fuel and water carrier, and one tug. The fleet, while scattered, was generally divided into two groups: 30 or more vessels (mostly large side trawlers and processing ships) were fishing in a 15- to 20-mile area about 40 miles south of Nantucket Island (south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts). Heavy to moderate catches of fish appeared to be primarily whiting and incidental quantities of red hake. An equal number of vessels was widely dispersed over a 60-mile area along the northern slopes and shoals of Georges Bank (90 to 120 miles east of Cape Cod). Moderate catches visible on deck were pri- marily herring. The Soviet Union seems to be using more vessels in the herring fishery this year. In 1965, its herring catch on Georges Bank was limited to 36,000 metric tons. Romanian: One factory stern trawler was sighted among the Soviet vessels on Georges Bank. Two such vessels were observed in 1965. Polish: One stern trawler was sighted on Georges Bank. Two additional stern trawl- ers were fishing between Georges Bank and eastern Nova Scotia areas. Early in October, the Polish stern trawl- er Pegaz entered Boston harbor to obtain emergency medical aid for a crewman. 54 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW East German: Early in September, a large freezer stern trawler began tofish on Georges Bank and was joined in mid-month by another sistership. Both vessels belong to the Ber- told Brecht class of stern trawlers (3,000 gross tons) and were built in 1965 in East German shipyards. This is the first time since 1962 that the East Germans have fished on Georges Bank. Like the Soviet Union in the early 1960s, East Germany has begun to expand its fisheries into the southern ICNAF area, and even in the southern Atlantic. Cuban: One fishing vessel came toGeorges Bank late in September. Purchased in Spain for the expanding cod fisheries, the 1,100- gross-ton vessel is based in Havana. Japanese: The Japanese Overseas Trawl- ers Association announced in mid-September that its members would jointly send a 1,000- ton trawler to explore for new fishing grounds in the Atlantic Ocean off the east coasts of North and South America. It did not say when the vessel would begin operations. OFF MID-ATLANTIC Soviet: No fishing vessels sighted off the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast during September except a few in transit headed north or south. IN GULF OF MEXICO Soviet: No fishing vessels were sighted near U.S. coasts in September. Two medium freezer trawlers (600 gross tons, class Maiak) were sighted by the U.S. Coast Guard: one on September 12 in the Old Bahama Channel (north of Central Cuba); the other on Septem- ber 14 near Anguilla Cays in the Santaren Channel (160 miles south of Miami). No in- formation is available on whether they fished or were Simply in transit. A sizable fleet (about 15 vessels) continued fishing for herring-like fish on the Campeche Banks off Yucatan. No details are available. Cuban: In September, no fishing vessels were sighted near U. S. coasts; 17 of them (probably including duplications) were sighted hand-lining and trapping in the Santaren Chan- nel, the Old Bahama Channel, and off Cama- guey Archipelago. Species taken were not identified. Mexican: The September 17, 1966, issue of Mexico City News reported that "'at least Vol. 28, No. 11 28 Mexican shrimpers are already operating in international waters off the Texas coast,’ according to the Governor of Campeche State. Although in early August shrimp trawlers were sighted fishing off Texas, none was sighted in September. OFF ALASKA Japanese: The usual departure of many fleets during the fall of each year reduced the number vessels engaged in the fisheries off Alaska to about 25 by the end of Septem- ber. In early September, another small trawler joined the Gulf of Alaska ocean perch fishing fleet. By month's end, however, at least 3 factory trawlers had departed for Japan; this reduced the Gulf fleet to no more than 10 trawlers. Operations of the trawlers and a few supporting reefers were concentrated on Albatross Bank southwest of Kodiak Island. The perch fishing fleet of one factoryship and 10 trawlers had been operating in the western Aleutians, but it moved to the area west of the Pribilof Islands in early Septem- ber. That fleet was scheduled to depart for Japan by mid-September. One king crab factoryship achieved her catch quota of 90,533 cases of king crab and sailed for Japan on September 10. The sec- ond king crab fleet of 1 factoryship and 5 trawlers continued fishing north of Unimak Island. That fleet, delayed about a month in getting to the grounds, was expected to con- tinue operations into October to reach the as- signed quota of 94,467 cases. The 4 fish-meal factoryships and their 100 trawlers left for Japan during September. The shrimp fishing fleet, which consistent- ly operated north of the Pribilof Islands, ceased operations and departed in early Sep- tember. The two remaining Japanese whaling fleets left the Alaskan area by mid-September for Japan. Korean: The fisheries training ship Baek Kyung Ho called at Kodiak for reprovisioning in early September. Personnel said they were returning to Pusan after leaving Kodiak. The vessel stopped in Tokyo on September 25. November 1966 Soviet: A gradual decline (first reported in July 1966) in the number of Soviet fishing vessels sighted off Alaska continued during September. Only 30 to 35 vessels were sighted by the end of the month. By mid-month, the Gulf of Alaska ocean perch effort was reduced to a few factory stern trawlers fishing south- west of Chirikof Island. Perch fishing along the Aleutian Islands continued throughout September. About 15 large factory stern trawlers (serviced by a few refrigerated fish transports and other support ships) were scattered from the Fox Islands to the western Aleutians, but fished mostly south of Umnak Pass (in the Seguam Pass region) and in the shoal areas west of Kiska Island. One haul of 4,000-5,000 pounds of Pacific ocean perch was observed aboard a Soviet vessel in late September near Umnak Pass. The shrimp fishery near the Shumagin Is - lands was expanded during September. Re- sumed in August, that fishery attracted about 10 medium freezer trawlers and 2 refriger- ator vessels. Observers noted one haul aboard a vessel of about 400-500 pounds of shrimp (presumably mostly pink shrimp). Whaling fleets discontinued their opera- tions off U. S. coasts during the month. OFF PACIFIC NORTHWEST (Washington and Oregon) Soviet: The number of fishing and support vessels (about 80) off the Pacific Northwest did not change from August to September. Two-thirds were medium side trawlers and the rest stern trawlers and support vessels. The number of large stern factory trawlers, reduced in August and early September to no more than 6, increased during the latter part of September. By the month's end, about 12 stern trawlers operated in scattered forma- tions from Cape Flattery (Wash.) to Heceta Head (Oreg.). This was a considerable in- crease in total fishing effort because astern factory trawler fishes an average 6-7 times more than a medium side trawler during the same period. In the first week of September, most ves- sels moved from the Oregon coast north to the waters off southern Washington, where they concentrated near the Columbia River (18 vessels) and off Grays Harbor (60 ves- sels). They apparently moved to where fish COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 were concentrating and worked until the schools were fished out or scattered. Then the fleet moved to new locations. By mid- month, almost half the fleet returned to Ore- gon grounds. By September 20, 1966, the fleet was di- vided into two major groups: 34 vessels (in- cluding 6 stern trawlers) were fishing for hake off Oregon's coast between Heceta Head and Yaquina Head, or about 12 to 40 miles west of Newport; another 48 vessels, also taking primarily hake, were fishing off Wash- ington's coast between Grays Harbor and De- structionIsland. One pair of mid-watertrawls and 2 factory stern trawlers were observed in the second group. This was the fleet de- ployment also at the end of the month--ex- cept that on September 30, the fleet off Ore- gon consisted of 40 vessels, most of which came south from the fishing grounds off Wash- ington. The species landed during September were primarily Pacific hake. However, BCF agents saw on occasion ocean perch and various rockfish (orange, green, and others) mixed with hake catches--but they comprised onlya small part of the total catch. Early in September, the personnel carrier Smolnii was sighted off the Pacific Northwest. She brought replacement crews from the So- viet Union. The Soviets use personnel car- riers to transport replacement crews be- cause they believe this method is cheaper than having a fishing vessel return to portto rotate crews. The fishery research vessel Ogon con- ducted studies, mostly off Washington, through- out the month. On September 25, 1966, a gear conflict oc- curred near Destruction Island between the U.S. troller Mermaid and a Soviet trawler. In darkness, the Soviet trawler crossed Mer- maid's bow and picked up her anchor line with its trawl. Towing the much smaller Mermaid for half an hour, the Soviet captain did not see the Mermaid's signals to stop. The latter finally worked herself free but lost her anchor. The case was reported to U. S. Coast Guard authorities in Seattle. 56 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW PUBLICATIONS FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE These publications are available free from the Office of Information, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. 20402. Publications are designated: CFS --Current fishery statistics of the United States. FFL --Reprints of reports on foreign fisheries. --Fishery leaflets. --Separates (reprints) from Com- mercial Fisheries Review. SL --Statistical lists of dealers in and producers of fishery pro- ducts and byproducts. FL Sep. Number maitile CFS-4166--Frozen Fishery Products, June 1966, 8 pp. CFS-4189--New York Landings, May 1966, 4 pp CFS-4191--Fish Meal and Oil, June 1966, 2 pp. CHS-4192--Rhode Island Landings, March 1966, 3 pp. CFS-4194--Massachusetts Landings, Febru- ary 1966, 6 pp. CFS-4197--Maine Landings, May 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4198--Shrimp Landings, February 1966, 5 pp. CFS-4201--New Jersey Landings, June 1966, 3 pp. CFS-4202--California Landings, May 1966,4 pp. CFS-4204--Virginia Landings, June 1966, 4pp. CFS-4209--New York Landings, June 1966, 4 pp. CFS-4210--Alabama Landings, May 1966, 3 pp. CFS-4215--Florida Landings, July 1966, 8 pp. Wholesale Dealers in Fishery Products (Revised): ia SL-T1--Washington, D. C., 1966, 1 p. SL-32--Minnesota, 1966, 1 p. SL-33--North Dakota (Mississippi River and Tributaries), 1966, 1 p. SL-34--Wisconsin (Mississippi River and Tributaries), 1966, 2 pp. SL-36--Iowa (Mississippi River and Tribu- taries), 1966, 2 pp. SL-39--Tennessee (Mississippi River and Tributaries), 1966, 2 pp. Vol, 28, No. 11 SL-43--Alabama (Mississippi River and Tributaries), 1966, 1 p. SL-44--Nebraska (Mississippi River and Tributaries), 1966, 1 p. SL-49--South Dakota (Mississippi River and Tributaries), 1966, 1 p. Sep. No. 772--Willapa Oyster Studies--Use of the Pasture Harrow for the Cultivation of Oysters. FL-591--Fishery Motion Pictures, 24 pp., 1966. Lists commercial fishery motion pictures produced and distributed by BCF, gives instructions on how to borrow films, and lists tentative titles of future films. Annual Report of the Bureau of Commercial ~ Fisheries Radiobiological ‘Laboratory Beaufort, N. C. for the Fiscal Year End- ing June 30, 1965, by T. R. Rice, Circu- lar 244, | 53 1 pp., >. illus., July 1966. Pre- sents information on research carried on as part of a cooperative project by BCF and U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Discusses estuarine ecology, biogeochem- istry, pollution studies, and radiation ef- fects programs. Available from BCF, Branch of Current Economic Analysis, 1815 N. Ft. Myer Drive, Arlington, Va. 22209; Shellfish Situation and Outlook, CEA-S2, 55 pp., September 1966, The second inseries of quarterly publications designed mainly to assist fishery management in making decisions on short-run and intermediate production, distribution, and pricing. Available pertinent shellfish facts are assembled and analyzed to give picture of probable market conditions and price mvuvements in the future. The following Foreign Fishery Leaflets (formerly Market News Leaflets) are avail- able from the Branch of Foreign Fisheries, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Room 8015, U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. 20240: FFL-8--''Portugal's Fishing Industry," 28 pp., Aug. 1966. Contains information on commercial catch by principal species, cannery production; consumption; fish méal, oils, and waste; and foreign trade. FFL-13--"India's Fishing Industry, 1964," 8 pp., Nov. 1965. This pamphlet discusses November 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 a United States firm and Indian Govern- ment collaboration; Indo-Icelandic collab- oration in Tuticorin and fishery production and developments in 1964. FFL-18--''Panama's Fisheries, 1965,''10pp., Mar. 1966. The leaflet discusses shrimp production, trends, and exports; fish re- duction industry and fish meal and oil ex- ports; other fisheries; and fisheries legis- lation. FFL-57--''Fisheries in the Federal Republic of Germany Annual Survey 1965," 8 pp., May 1966. Gives information on total catch landed in German ports and abroad in 1965; financial returns; imports of fish mealand fish oil; the fishing fleet; marketing and processing; foreign trade; EEC develop- ments; and other interesting facts. FFL-56--''Norwegian Fisheries, 1965," 36 pp., Aug. 1966. Discusses Norwegian cod and herring fisheries; fish species other than cod and herring; disposition of the catch; exports and imports, prices and aid to the industry; and outlook. FFL-102--''Fisheries Development Potential of the Territory of Baja California Sur, Mexico,'' 11 pp., Sept. 1966. Discusses potential productive fishing areas, species, ports, and status of fishing industries of Baja California Sur. The following English translation of a foreign language article is available from the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 101 Seaside Avenue, Terminal Island, Cali- fornia 90731: Pacific Salmon in the Northern Waters, II. Conditions of Stocks, by Tomonari Mat- sushita, Translation No. 20, 45 pp., Jan- uary 11, 1965. (Translated by Peter Mi- yake from the Japanese, Fisheries Re- search Series 6-3.) The following publications are available only from the specific office mentioned: California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part I--Fishery Products Pro- duction and Market Data, August 1966, 15 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif. 90731.) California cannery receipts of tuna and tunalike fish and other species used for canning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, sardines, mackerel, and anchovies; market fish receipts at San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; California and Arizona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices; ex-vessel prices for cannery fish; prices for fish meal, oil, and solubles; for the month indicated. California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part Il--Fishing Information, August 1966, 10 pp., illus. (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Tuna Resources Laboratory, P. O. Box 271, La Jolla, Calif. 92083.) Contains sea-surface tempera- tures, fishing and research information of interest to the West Coast tuna-fishing in- dustry and marine scientists; for August. Fish Farming--a Growing Industry, 40 pp., Aug. 1966, illus. (U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 59 Research Drive, AnnArbor, Mich. 48103.) Investigations in Fish Control, illus., Jan. 1966. (Fish Control Laboratories, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U. S. De- partment of the Interior, P. O. Box 862, La Crosse, Wis. 54602.) Contains Reports 3 through 11: Report 3--''Minimum lethal levels of tox- aphene as a piscicide in North Dakota lakes,'' by Dale L. Henegar, 16 pp. (Re- source Publication 7.) Report 4--''Effects of toxaphene on plank- ton and aquatic invertebrates in North Da- kota lakes,'' by Robert G. Needham, 16 pp. (Resource Publication 8.) Report 5--''Growth rates of yellow perch in two North Dakota lakes after population reduction with toxaphene,'' by Donald C, Warnick, 9 pp. (Resource Publication 9.) Report 6--''Mortality of some species of fish to toxaphene at three temperatures, by Mahmoud Ahmed Mahdi, 10 pp. (Resource Publication 10.) W Report 7--''Treatment of East Bay, Alger County, Michigan, with toxaphene for con- trol of sea lampreys,'' by William E. Gay- lord and Bernard R. Smith, 7 pp. (Resource Publication 11.) Report 8--''Effects of toxaphene on fishes and bottom fauna of Big Kitoi Creek, Afog- 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol 28, No. 11 nak Island, Alaska,'' by William R. Meehan and William L. Sheridan, 9 pp. (Resource Publication 12.) Report 9--''Relation of chemical structure to fish toxicity in nitrosalicylanilides and related compounds,''by Charles R. Walker, Roland J. Starkey, and Leif L. Marking, 12 pp. (Resource Publication 13.) Report 10--''Evaluation of p, p'-DDT as a reference toxicant in bioassays,'' by Leif L. Marking, 10 pp. (Resource Publication 14.) Report 11--''Evaluation of an electronic method of measuring hematocrits of fish, by Richard A. Schoettger and Arnold M. Julin, 11 pp. (Resource Publication 15.) " (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings of Fishery Products for Se- lected Areas and Fisheries, Monthly Sum- mary, August 1966, 10 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 706 New Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle, Wash. 98104.) Includes land- ings by halibut fleet reported by Seattle Halibut Exchange; salmon landings reported by primary receivers; landings of halibut reported by International Pacific Halibut Commission; landings and otter-trawl re- ceipts reported by Fishermen's Marketing Association of Washington; local landings by independent vessels; coastwise ship- ments from Alaska by scheduled and non- scheduled shipping lines and airways; im- ports from British Columbiavia rail, motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings; and imports from other countries through Washington customs district for August. vi MISCELLANEOUS These publications are not available from the Fish and Wildlife Service, but usually may be obtained from the organization issuing them. Correspondence regarding publications that follow should be addressed to the respective organizationor publisher mentioned. Dataon prices, ifreadily available, are shown. ALABAMA "Commercial Fisheries Research Act aids Seafoods Division," by Johnie H. Crance, article, Alabama Conservation, vol. XXXVI, no. 4, June-July 1966, pp. 18-21, illus., print- ed. Alabama Department of Conservation, 64No. Union St., Montgomery, Ala. 36104. AUSTRALIA: "Victorian offshore scallop explorations," by M. J. Sanders, article, Australian Fisheries Newsletter, vol. 25, no. 8, Au- gust 1966, pp. 11 & 13, illus., printed. Fisheries Branch, Department of Primary Industry, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia. BOWFIN: "Controversial bowfin found in many areas, but Ox-Bow Lakes are his hangout,'' by Pete A. Hackney, article, Alabama Con- servationist, vol. XXXVL no. 4, June-July 1966, pp. 22-24, illus., printed. Alabama Department of Conservation, 64 No. Union St., Montgomery, Ala. 36104. CALIFORNIA: California Fish and Wildlife Plan, vol. 1, Summary, 110 pp., printed, January 1, 1966. State of California Resources Agency, De- partment of Fish and Game, 1416 Ninth t., Sacramento, Calif. 95814. The plan is major step in management of Califor- nia's fish and wildlife resources. Presents situations and conditions which face fish and wildlife resources through 1980--and suggestions for actions to maintain or improve State's wildlife resources. In- formation on species of fish in inland waters (except salmon and steelhead), amount and kind of habitat for various fish, potential fish production, accessibility, and present use and yield. Seven categories: trout, warm-water fish, striped bass, Amer- ican shad, sturgeon, Salton Sea fish, and non-game fish. Types of inland fish habi- tat discussed are cold-water streams and canals, lakes, and reservoirs; combina- tion cold-water and warm-water lakes and reservoirs; tidal channels; and unproduc- tive waters, This plan should serve as guide and basis for all activities by gov- ernment, business, industry, or private individuals which affect fish and wildlife resources. CANADA: Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada reprints. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, Na- naimo, B. C., Canada: vol. 21 (1964), no. 5: "Ocean growth and mortality of pink and chum salmon, '' by W. E, Ricker, pp. 905-931; ''Estimation of sea mortality rates for the 1960 brood-year pink salmon of Hook Nose Creek, British Columbia," by Robert P. Parker, pp. 1019-1034; "Ocean migrations of Pacific salmon," by November 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 These publications are not available from the Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, but usually may be obtained from the organization issuing them. Ferris Neave, pp. 1227-1244; "A quanti- tative estimate of the number of Pacific herring ina spawning population,''byD. N. Outram and F. H.C. Taylor, pp. 1317-1320; "Further information on spawning stock size and resultant production for Skeena sockeye,''by M. P. Shepard, F.C. Withler, J. McDonald, andK. V. Aro, pp. 1329-1331. Vol. 22 (1965), no. 6: ''Parasites as an auxiliary source of information about the biology of Pacific salmons (Genus Oncor- hynchus),"' by L. Margolis, pp. 1387-1395; Estimation of sea mortality rates for the 1961 brood-year pink salmon of the Bella Coola Area, British Columbia," by Robert R. Parker, pp. 1523-1553. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 23, no. 8, August 1966, pp. 1109-1288, illus., printed, single issue Canada, U. S., and Mexico C$1.00, allother countries C$1.25. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Sir Charles Tupper Building, Ottawa 8, Ontario, Canada. In- cludes articles on: "Depth distribution of oceanic shrimps (Decapoda; Natantia) off Oregon," by William G. Pearcy and Carl A. Forss, pp. 1135-1143; "Oxygen disso- ciation curves of the blood of Atlantic salm- on (Salmo salar) acclimated to summer and winter temperatures,'' by Edgar C. Black, Harold H. Tucker, and Donald Kirkpatrick, pp. 1187-1195; ''Food and growth of fishes. III. Relations among food, body size, and growth efficiency," by J. E. Paloheimo and L. M. Dickie, pp. 1209-1248; "Steroid transformations by corpuscles of stannius of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.),'' by D. R. Idler and H. C. Freeman, pp. 1249-1255; ''A portable aquarium for use at sea to photograph fish and aquatic life,'' by T. F. Pletcher, pp. 1271-1275; ''Thermal resistance of bac- teria isolated from a heat processed fish product,'' by J. W. Boyd and B. A. South- cott, pp. 1281-1283. New Chart of Nova Scotia Southeast Coast, Chart 4012, drawn to scale of 1:300,000 (about 4 miles to the inch), replaces Chart 4350, Halifax to Cape Sable. It is second in series that will cover the Canadian Mar- itimes coastal area. The first was Chart 4010, Bay of Fundy, published in1965. The charts are designed for both offshore nav- igation and use by fishing industry. They show shape of ocean floor by closely spaced blue contour lines. Chart 4012 is also avail- able in two latticed versions: L(D7) 4012, which shows Decca lattice for Nova Scotia Chain 7; and 4012-L, which shows the three Loran-A rates covering area. Copies of Chart 4012 may be obtained for $1 each, or $2 each for latticed versions, from chart dealers or Chart Distribution Office, Canadian Hydrographic Service, 615 Booth Street, Ottawa, Canada. CATFISH: "Channel catfish show promise,''by Robert M. Hatcher, article, The Tennessee Conserva- tionist, vol. XXXII, no. 4, Apr. 1966, pp. 14- 15, 38, illus., printed. Editorial Office, Suite 218, Department of Conservation, 2611 West End Ave., Nashville, Tenn. 37203. CEYLON: Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Station (US$0.70). The Fisheries Research Station, P. O. Box 531, Colombo, Ceylon: vol. 16, no. 1, June 1963, 93 pp., illus. Among oth- ers, contains these articles: "Bacteriology of chilled water during the preservation of fish,'' by N. N. de Silva and A. H. W. Men- dis, pp. 1-8; ''A guide to the freshwater fauna of Ceylon, Supplement I," by C. H. Fernando, pp. 29-38; ''Small scale manu- facture of crude agar from Gracilaria seaweeds,'' by C. Gunasekera, pp. 49-52. Vol. 17, no. 1, June 1964, 150 pp., illus. Among others, contains these articles: "Socio-Economic Survey of Fisher Fami- lies, 1958-59,"' by G. N. de Silva, pp. 1-44; "Assessment and Possible Development of the Fishery Resources of Pedro Bank," by S. Sivalingam, pp. 133-150. Vol. 18, no. 1, June 1965, 34 pp., illus. Includes articles on: ''A preliminary sur- vey of 21 Ceylon Lakes--1. Fisheries of two Lakes, Parakrama Samudra and Min- neriya Wewa,'' by H. H. A. Indrasena, pp. 1-5; 'A preliminary survey of 21 Ceylon Lakes--2., Limnology and fish production potential,"' by A. S. Mendis, pp. 7-16; ''The ecology of Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss (Formerly G. confervoides (L.) Greville) in Koddiyar Bay, Trincomalee," by M. Durairatnam, pp. 29-34. CHARTS: The following charts are sold by Coast and Geodetic Survey sales agents, district of- fices, and the Washington office. New edi- 60 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 11 These publications are not available from the Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, but usually may be obtained from the organization issuing them. tions containinformation essential to safe navigation--and cancel former editions. Mariners are warned against using obsolete charts. ALASKA--Port Malmesbury, 3rd edition of Chart No. 8299 issued Aug. 15, 1966, scale of 1:40,000. Price: 25 cents a copy. CALIFORNIA --Santa Monica Bay, 10th edi- tion of Chart No. 5144 issued Aug. 15, 1966; scale of 1:40,000 and1:20,000. Price: 50 cents a copy. FLORIDA Estero Bay to Lemon Bay--Including Charlotte Harbor, 9th edition of Chart No. 1255 issued Aug. 1, 1966; scale of 1:80,000. Price: $1.00 a copy. Tampa Bay and St. Joseph Sound, 11th edition of Chart No. 1257; scale of 1:80,000. Price: $1.00 a copy. WASHINGTON Puget Sound--Seattle to Bremerton, 3rd edition of Chart No. 6446 issued Aug. 8, 1966; scale of 1:25,000. Price: $1.00 a copy. Seattle Harbor, Elliott Bay and Duwa- mish Waterway; 2nd edition of Chart No. 6442 issued Aug. 8, 1966; scale of 1:10,000. Price: $1.00 a copy. Str. of Juande Fucato Str. of Georgia, 13th editionof Chart No. 6380 issued Aug. 1, 1966; scale of 1:20,000. Price: $1.00acopy. WASHINGTON-OREGON--Sundale to Hepp- ner Junction, 2nd edition of Chart No. 6160 issued Aug. 22, 1966; scale of 1:20,000. Price: 50 cents a copy. CRAB(S) "Observations onthe Social Behavior of the Land Hermit Crab, COENOBITA CLY PEA- TUS (Herbst),"' by Brian A. Hazlett, 2 pp., printed. (Reprinted from Ecology, vol. 47, no. 2, Early Spring 1966, pp. 316-317.) Ecological Society of America, Duke Uni- versity Press, Box 6697, College Station, Durham, N. C. "Osmoregulation in the Adult Blue Crab, CALLINECTES SAPIDUS Rathbun, "Eng Chow Tan and W. A. Van Engel, 5 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Chesa- peake Science, vol. 7, no. 1, March 1966, pp. 30-35.) Natural Resources Institute, University of Maryland, Chesapeake Bio- logical Laboratory, Solomons, Md. 20688. "The Behavior of Some Deep-Water Hermit Crabs (Decapoda: Paguridea) from the Straits of Florida," by Brian A. Hazlett, 17 pp., illus., printed. (Reprintedfrom Bul- letinof Marine Science, vol. 16, no. 1, Mar. 1966, pp. 76-92.) Institute of Marine Sci- ence, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Virginia Key, Miami, Fla. 33129. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION: Catalogue of Films and Film Strips 1966, 125 pp., illus., printed, 1966. Food and Agriculture Organization, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Lists films and filmstrips covering various countries and subjects (including fisheries) available on loanfrom FAO, Films are1l6 mm., mostly incolor, with sound, andrunning time var- ies from 8 to 30 minutes. Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, Occasional Papers 66/1-66/10: contributed to the 11th Session of the Council, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Oct. 16-31, 1964. Processed in English, 1966. Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Far East, Bangkok, Thailand: 66/1: Preliminary Bibliography of Fish and Fisheries Certain Parts of the Pacif- ic, 68 pp. 66/2: Legislative and Administrative As- pects of Water Pollution Control, 14 pp. 66/3: Recent Activities in the Field of Fisheries Statistics in Japan, 7 pp. 66/4: A Brief Note on Fisheries Insurance in Japan, 9 pp. 66/5: A Note on the Technique of Spawn- ing Puntius javanicus Blkr. for Fry Pro- duction, 5 pp. 66/6: Fish Population and Ecological Stud- ies of Flood-Water Fisheries in Pra Nakorn Sri-Ayuthaya Province, 45 pp., illus. 66/7: The breeding of giant gouramy (Os- phronemus a Lacepede) in Ceylon and the Rearing of Its Fry in the Depart- mental Fish Hatcheries, 16 pp., illus. 66/8: Culture of Brackishwater Fishes in Impoundments, 20 pp., illus. November 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVEIW 61 These publications are not available from the Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, but usually may be obtained from the organization issuing them. 66/9: Collection and Storage of Data for Stock Assessment Studies, 38 pp., illus. 66/10: Fish Marketing Automatic Conver- tible Corporation, 60 pp. "The export trade in fishery products of developing countries,'' by R. Hamlisch, article, International Trade Forum, vol. II, no. 1, March 1966, pp. 18-23, illus., printed. GATT International Trade Centre, Villa Le Bocage, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. FRANCE: "La production de la péche au large de l'Afrique occidentale a augmenté 600% en quinze ans"' (The production of fish along the west coast of Africa has increased more than 600 percent in 15 years), arti- cle, La Péche Maritime, vol. 45, no. 1058, May 20, 1966, pp. 325-331, illus., printed in French. La Péche Maritime, 190, Bou- levard Haussmann, Paris 8©, France. FRESH-WATER FISH: "Freshwater commercial fishing," by Lloyd Posey, article, Louisiana Conservation- ist, vol. 18, nos. 9 & 10, Sept.-Oct. 1966, pp. 18-20, illus., printed. Louisiana Con- servationist, Wildlife & Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans, La. 70130. INDIA: Indian Journal of Fisheries, vol. IX, no. 2, Section B, October 1962 (issued Nov. 1965), pp. 91-161, illus., printed, single issue 8 rupees (US$1.05) net. Ministry of Food and Agriculture, New Delhi, India. Includes articles on: ''On the ef- fect of tickler chain on the catch of a 10 ft. beam trawl net,'' by S. D. Deshpande and T. M. Sivan, pp. 91-96; "Quality stud- ies on round, headless and peeled and de- veined prawns held in ice storage," by Smt. Susamma Jacob, K. Mahadeva Iyer, M. Rajendranathan Nair, and V. K. Pillai, pp. 97-107; "Studies on Indian fishmeals, Part I. Chemical composition and storage characteriestics of fishmeals prepared from different types of fishes,’ by P. V. Kamasastri and D. Ramananda Rao, pp. 108-117; ''Free amino-acids in spoiling mullet,'’ by Gita Menon, pp. 118-125; "A preliminary study of the changes associ- ation with lipid breakdown in oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) stored at refriger- ated temperatures, by M. Rajendranathan Nair, pp. 126-132; ''Preliminary studies on the characteristics of otter trawls-- horizontal opening and towing resistance! by A. V. V. Satyanarayana and R. S. Nair, pp. 133-144; ''Chala Vala! encircling gill nets for sardines and mackerels of the Kerala coast with special reference to their design and construction," by A. V. V. Satyanarayana and K. A. Sadanandan, pp. 145-155; "'Storage behaviour of salted and dried fish in relation to humidity condi- tions,'' by S. V. Suryanarayana Rao, A. P. Valsan, M. K. Kandoran and M. R. Nair, pp. 156-161. INDUSTRIAL FISHING: "Bathymetric difference in the frequency distribution of daily hauls by the Danish seiners belonging to a fish-meal fleet in the Bering Sea,'' by Shiro Minami and Hiroshi Maeda, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 31, May 1965, pp. 346-349, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. JAPAN: Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hok- kaido University, vol. 16, no. 3, November 1965, pp. 137-200, illus., printed in Japan- ese and English, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. In- cludes articles on: ''Difference in selec- tivity of salmon gill net according to the materials of the net threads,'' by Motokazu Ueno, Seikichi Mishima and Shoichi Yama- moto, pp. 143-153; ''Salmon population and hydrography on the high sea fishing grounds developed in the southwest on the Attu Is- lands in the North Pacific, during the early period of the fishing season," by Takeji Fujii, Kiyoshi Masuda and Tsuneo Nishiyama, pp. 154-163; "Freeze vacuum drying of marine products. V," by Kiichir6 Kobayashi and Shtiz6 Igarashi, pp. 164-170; "Enzymatic studies on the muscle of aquat- ic animals. V,'' by Takeshi Shibata, Tada- shi Kitahara and Katsuji Yoshimura, pp. 171-182. LOUISIANA: Occurrence, Abundance, and Size Distribu- tion of Fishes and Crustaceans Collected illus., processed, June 1966. University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, Lou- isiana. 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 11 These publications are not available from the Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, but usually may be obtained from the organization issuing them. MARINE BIOLOGY: "Florida biologist discovers fish grow three times as fast when fed with iron," article, National Maine Coast Fisherman, vol. 45, Feb. 1965, p. 25, printed. National Maine Coast Fisherman, 22 Main St., Camden, Maine 04843. MEXICO; "Algunas Observaciones Preliminares Re- lacionadas con el Estudio de los Problemas de Venta de Pescado en la Florida (Some Preliminary Observations Relating to the Problems of Selling Fish in Florida), Tra- bajos de Divulgacion, vol. X, no. 91, 12 pp., illus., processed in Spanish, Sept. 1964, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones, Biologico-Pesqueras, Departmento de Estudios Biologicos Pesqueros, Direccion General de Pesca e Industrias Conexas, Secretaria de Industria y Comercio, Mexi- co D. F., Mexico. MICROBIOLOGY: "Microbiology and chemistry of fermented fish," by Prasert Saisithi and others, article, Journal of Food Science, vol. 31, Jan.-Feb. 1966, pp. 105-110, printed. The Garrard Press, 510-524 North Hickory St., Champaign, Ill. 61820. NORWAY: Fiskets Gang, vol. 52, illus., printed in Norwegian. Fiskeridirektoratet, Radstup- lass 10, Bergen, Norway, no. 16, April 21, 1966, pp. 290-309. Includes articles on: "Vintersildinnsigene 1966'' (Shoreward movements of winter herring 1966), by Finn Devold, pp. 299-301; ''Vandringer av merket piggha i Nordvest-Atlanteren'’ (Movements of tagged dogfish in the North- west Atlantic), by Olav Aasen, p. 302; "Merkefors¢k pA gullflyndre (Pleuronectes platessa) i Norske farvann" (Marking ex- periments on plaice in Norwegian waters), by Olav Stalesen, pp. 303-307. No. 20, May 19, 1966, pp. 386-403. In- cludes articles on: ''Rapport om leitetje- nesten under sildeinnsiget i Vesteralen 1966 med M/S Stalvard"' (Report on searching for herring in Vesteriden in 1966 with M/S Stalvard), by Vermund Dahl, pp. 395-396; “Rapport om M/S Stalvard's leitetjenete under vintersild- fisket utenfor Kristiansund 1966" (Re- port on M/S Stalvard's searching during the winter herring fishery off Kristian- sund in 1966), by Vermund Dahl, pp. 397- 398; "Rapport vedrérende botnagarnsun- derdkelsene under varsildfisket 1966" (Report on investigations of the bottom gill nets during the spring herring fishery in 1966), by Vermund Dahl, p. 399. OCEANOGRAPHY: "Oceanography in Britain: significant new support,'' article, Science, vol. 153, no. 3737, August 12, 1966, pp. 727-728, printed, single issue 35 cents. American Associ- ation for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washing- toms IDs Ge ZOOOS. "Oceanography of the Grand Banks Region of Newfoundland in 1965,'' by Ronald C. Kollmeyer, Thomas C. Wolford, and Rich- ard M. Morse, Oceanographic Report no. 11, CG 373-11, 164 pp., illus., printed, June 1966. United States Coast Guard Ocea- nographic Unit, Washington, D. C. 20004. "The role of UNESCO in international oce- anography,'' by Mr. E. Highley, article, Information, vol. XVII, no. 3, May 1966, pp. 5-8, illus., printed. Australian Nation- al Advisory Committee for UNESCO, P. O. Box 189, North Sydney, Australia. OYSTERS: "Oyster Mortality Studies in Virginia. V. Epizootiology of MSX, a Protistan Patho- gen of Oysters,'' by Jay D. Andrews, 13 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Ecol- ogy, vol. 47, no. 1, Winter 1966, pp. T9- 3h) Ecological Society of America, Duke University Press, Box 6697, College Sta- tion, Durham, N. C. "Reproductive Cycle of American Oyster, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA in West Loch, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii,'' by Henry M. Sakuda, 3 pp., illus., printed, 1966. (Reprinted from Transactions of the American Fish- eries Society, vol. 95, no. 2, Apr. 1966, pp. 216-2 Te) American Fisheries Society, 1404 New York Ave. NW., Washington, ID) Cy BOOOSs PARASITES: "TOXOTHYLACUS PANOPAFI (Cirripedia, Sacculinidae) an Introduced Parasite on a Xanthid Crab in Chesapeake Bay, U.S. A., November 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 These publications are not available from the Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, but usually may be obtained from the organization issuing them. by W. A. Van Engel, and others, Contribu- tion No. 181, 2 pp., printed. (Reprinted from Crustaceana, vol. 10, part 1, 1966, pp. 111-112.) Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Va. PERU: "Peru's giddy anchovy hunt,'' by Hermann Einarsson, article, New Scientist, vol. 26, 1965, pp. 777-778, printed. Cromwell House, Fulwood Pl., High Holborn, London WCl, England. Publications issued by Instituto del Mar del Peru, Apartado 3734, Lima, Peru, illus., processed in Spanish: Las Poblaciones de Aves Guaneras y su Situacion Actual (Guano Bird Populations and Their Status), by Romulo Jordan and Humberto Fuentes, Informe No. 10, 31 pp., April 1966. Informe Preliminar Del Crucero 6602 (Cabo Blanco-Arica)--(Preliminary Data on Cruise 6602), by Oscar Guillen and Francisco Vasquez, Informe No. 12, 27 pp., April 1966. Report on the Effects of Fishing on the Pe- ruvian Stock of Anchovy, by L. K. Boerema, G. Saetersdal, I. Tsukayama, J. E. Valdi- via, and B. Alegre, FAO Fisheries Tech- nical Paper No. 55 (FIb/T55), 47 pp., illus., processed, December 1965, distribution restricted. Food and Agriculture Organ- ization of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Sum- marizes biological information available; analyzes length, catch, effort, and catch per unit of effort; estimates mortality; discusses conclusions; and gives recom- mendations. PHYTOPLANKTON: "A Phytoplankton Study of the Amazon Re- gion," by E. J. Ferguson Wood, 22 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Bulletin of Marine Science, vol. 16, no. 1, Mar. 1966, pp. 102-123.) Institute of Marine Science, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Vir- ginia Key, Miami, Fla. 33129. "Some Implications of Nutrient Enrichment on Different Temporal Stages of a Phyto- plankton Community,'' by Robert O. Four- nier, 9 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Chesapeake Science, vol. 7, no. 1, Mar. 1966, pp. 11-19.) Natural Resources Institute, University of Maryland, Chesa- peake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Md, 20688. PLANKTON: "Marine Ostracoda from Western North At- lantic Ocean off the Virginia Coast," by Neil C. Hulings, 17 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Chesapeake Science, vol. 7, no. 1, March 1966, pp. 40-56.) Natural Resources Institute, University of Mary- land, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Md. 20688. POND FISHERIES: Ponds for Fishing (Revised), 33 pp., illus., printed, 1966. Missouri Department of Conservation, North Ten Mile Drive, Jef- ferson City, Mo. 65102. Discusses selece tion of site and planning for pond, care of new pond and its watershed, plants for pond and wildlife protection, clearing a muddy pond, pond sealing, stocking with fish, water fertilization, aquatic plant con- trol, and aquatic weed illustrations. The booklet lists government agencies that give without cost expert assistance in building and managing a good pond. PORTUGAL: "O ano de 1965 melhor que 1964 para pesca do atum" (Tuna fishery better in 1965 than in 1964), article, Jornal do Pescador, vol. XXVIII, no. 330, July 1966, p. 63, printed in Portuguese. Junta Central dos Cosas dos Pescadores, R. de S. Bento, 644-4.°9, Esq.°, Lisbon, Portugal. PUERTO RICO: Contributions from the Institute of Marine Marine Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, Contains, among others, these reprints: ''Sediment- Producing Fishes,'' by John E. Randall, 2 pp., illus. (From Underwater Naturalist, vol. II, no. 1, Winter 1963/64, pp. 30-32.) "Contributions to the Biology of the Queen Conch, STROMBUS GIGAS, by John E. Randall, 53 pp., illus. (From Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 14, no. 2, June 1964, pp. 246-295.) 64 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 28, No. 11 These publications are not available from the Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, but usually may be obtained from the organization issuing them. "A Revision of the Filefish Genera AMANSES and CANTHERHINES," by John E. Randall, 30 pp., illus. (From Copeia, no. 2, June 30, 1964, pp. 331-361.) "Effects of Hurricane Edith on Marine Life in La Parguera, Puerto Rico,'' by Peter W. Glynn, Luis R. Almodovar, and Juan G. Gonzalez, 10 pp., illus. (From Caribbean Journal of Science, vol. 2, nos. 2 & 3, June & Sept. 1964, pp. 335-345.) "Notes on the Biology of the Echinoid Dia- dema Antillarum,'' by John E, Randall, Robert E. Schroeder and Walter A.Starck, 12 pp., illus. (From Caribbean Journal of Science, vol. 4, nos. 2 & 3, June & Sept. 1964, pp. 421-433.) "A New Caribbean Muricid Mollusk, TY- PHIS PUERTORICENSIS," by Germaine L. Warmke, 4 pp., illus. (From The Nautilus, vol. 78, no. 1, July 1964, pp. 1-3.) "Notes on the Groupers of Tahiti, with De- scription of a New Serranid Fish Genus," by John E. Randall, 15 pp., illus. (From Pacific Science, vol. XVIII, no. 3, July 1964, pp. 281-296.) Taxonomia, Ecologia y Valor Nutrimental de Algas Marinas de Puerto Rico: Algas Productoras de Agar (Classification, Ecol- ogy, and Nutritional Value of Marine Algae of Puerto Rico: Agar-producing Algae), by Manuel Diaz-Piferrer and Celeste Ca- baller de Pérez, 155 pp., illus., printed in Spanish, College of Agriculture, Uni- versity of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. "A Study of the Growth and Other Aspects of the Biology of the West Indian Topshell, CITTARIUM PICA (Linnaeus),''by Helen A. Randall, 18 pp., illus. (From Bulletin of vol, 14, no. 3, Sept. 1964, pp. 424-443.) "Embryological Development of the Syllid, Autolytus Fasciatus (Bosc) (Class Poly- chaeta),"' by M. Jean Allen, 18 pp., illus. (From Biological Bulletin, vol. 127, no. 2, Oct. 1964, pp. 187-205.) 'Musculus pygmaeus spec. nov., a Mi- nute Mytilid from the High Intertidal Zone at Monterey Bay, California,'' by Peter W. Glynn, 9 pp., illus. (From The Veliger, vol. 7, no. 2, Oct. 1, 1964, pp. 121-128.) "El Instituto de Biologia Marina" (The In- stitute of Marine Biology), by John E. Ran- dall and Juan Gerardo Gonzalez, 8 pp., illus., in Spanish. (From Agricultura de Puerto Rico, vol. 50, no. 1, Jan.-June 1963, pp. 31-39.) "La Productividad del Mar" (Products from the Sea), by Juan A, Rivero, 14 pp., illus., in Spanish, (From Agricultura de Puerto Rico, vol. 50, no. 1, Jan.-June 1963, pp. 4-18.) SALMON: Underwater Guideposts: Homing of Salmon, by Arthur D. Hasler, 167 pp., illus., printed. $6.00. The University of Wisconsin Press, 114 North Murray St., Madison, Wis. 53715. A chronological account of studies of fish migration, in the stream phase and open water phase, and particularly the migra- tion of Pacific salmon, Author's theories concerning the use of odor by salmon to locate parent streams during freshwater phases of salmon migration. Interesting chapter on ''Sun-Compass Orientation" theorizes that salmon is capable of taking bearings from sun and compensating for inconstant rate of azimuthal change; it must know at what rate to compensate in order to maintain constant compass direc- tion. It seems incredible that a fish is able innately to accomplish something for which men require instruments, charts, etc., but experimental observations reveal that this does occur and is strong evidence of a"bi- ological clock."' Contains bibliography of 119 references and a 3-page index. TROUT: "Trout stocking outside managed areas-- 1966," article, The Tennessee Conserva- tionist, vol. XXXII, no. 4, Apr. 1966, p. 26, illus., printed. Editorial Office, Suite 218, Department of Conservation, 2611 West End Ave., Nashville, Tenn. 37203. YELLOW PIKE: "New game fish--the walleye--introduced," by Hampton M, Williams, article, South Carolina Wildlife, vol. 13, no. 3, Summer 1966, pp. 4-5, 15, illus., printed. South Carolina Wildlife Resources Department, Box 167, Columbia, S. C. 29202. atu ey EK oe November 1966 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 aBETTER <)\ SPAINTS With é | MARINE OILS ‘og rv ERMAN ee TE TONE LU Py QUOUGALV AACA RUA ETGT TT METAL EH FLEXABILITY WATER Dwi, DRYING ODOR REDUCTION TA Paces oT aee a tab Bae Pe eis BO Ai Sa? br Het Tuts Ts GRRE eas RT| BUN URI. Ribas. Gn spengitecto: ei teva 2 1s . athann ey og Sa rir cee he OOF | if a> ae Ag Ox Nig GEIS, Ty, "Wee x . ¥ous™ STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY STANLEY A. CAIN, ASSISTANT SECRETARY, FISH AND WILDLIFE AND PARKS CLARENCE F, PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER, FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE HAROLD E. CROWTHER, ACTING DIRECTOR, BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES fe ea eo ee é * ; , Pais Buyers of imported raw materials can be assured of receiving quality when the imports have been inspected. The U.S.D.1. Inspection Service issues an official certifi- cate attesting to the specified quality. The end product can be no better than the raw materials .. . good reasomito HAVE YOUR IMPORTS OFFICIALLY SAMPLED DATE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR COVER: Fish net on BCF's-research vessel ''Albatross IV" is set out during snowstorm on fishing banks south of Nova Scotia. (Photo: Robert K. Brigham.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Review A comprehensive view of United States and foreign fishing industries--including catch, processing, market- ing, research, and legislation--prepared by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Ee Fishermen's Memorial Gloucester, Mass. sere eT et AOE SERIE (BCF Tuna Resources Laboratory, La Jolla, California). "West Point" Stacking purse seine net on the tuna clipper UNITED STATES VALUE OF 1966 CATCH IS NEAR 1965 RECORD The value of United States fishery prod- ucts to commercial fishermen in 1966 is forecast at $445 million, only about $1 mil- lion short of the 1965 record. The volume of the catch is expected to be 4.3 billion pounds, the lowest since 1947. The total value remains high despite the smaller catch because the harvest of high- value fishery products, those people eat, is at about the same level of recent years--2.5 billion pounds--and price levels approximate last year's. The sale of edible fishery prod- ucts makes up, by far, the largest part of fish- ermen's income. Shrimp and Pacific salmon are again rank- ing one-two among dollar earners. Shrimp are bringing fishermen the highest average prices per pound in the history of the fishery. The drop in the total fish catch reflects the decline in the industrial fish catch--pri- marily the dramatic decrease in the menha- den catch. The menhaden catch plummeted from 1.7 billion pounds in 1965 (36 percent of the total catch of all species) to 1.133 bil- lion pounds in 1966. While the total value of menhaden was down, average prices were up because prices in the fish meal industry, a prime user of menhaden, were the highest in its history. (BCF/Branch of Fishery Statis- tics.) Coming issues of COMMERCIAL FISHER- IES Review will report the 1966 catch in great- er detail. SITUATION AND OUTLOOK Supplies of edible fishery products at the beginning of November 1966 were the heav- iest ever for that date. Compared with a year earlier, stocks of frozen products were up substantially. There were marked in- creases in holdings of fillets and steaks of cod, flounder, and ocean perch. Stocks of fish sticks and portions, halibut, salmon, and spiny lobster tails also werehigher. Storage holdings of frozen shrimp, scallops, and crabs (including crab meat) were down. Among cured products, holdings of salted herring were plentiful compared with 1965. The fine run of pink salmon in Alaska in 1966 and a good run of reds assure plentiful stocks of canned salmon for coming months. Supplies of canned tuna appear adequate; the packtodateis running wellahead of last year. Imports of edible fishery products likely will exceed those of 1965. However, the 1966 beginning inventory was lighter than 1965, so total supplies in 1966 may fall somewhat short of the amount available in 1965. Overall, retailpricesfor fishery products advanced throughout 1965 and the first three quarters of 1966. Further gains seemed like- ly as the last quarter began. Present indications are that per-capita consumption of edible fishery products for 1966 will be 10.8 pounds; last year it was 11 pounds. Very little change is in prospect for fresh and frozen or cured fishery products, but consumption of canned fishery products will fall off a little. The Year Ahead The outlook for 1967 is for a continued high rate of per-capita consumption at only slightly higher prices. Total domestic pro- duction may not increase over 1966's but in- creasing imports will supplement domestic production. Increasing worldwide consumption of the sea's resources is expected. The worldcatch of fish and shellfish has more than doubled during the past decade--from about 60 billion pounds to more than 120 billion. The United States catch has not increased, but imports have risen. Some experts predict a several- fold increase in the world catch and even estimate that man is now taking only about 4 percent of the harvestable living resources. (BCF/Branch of Current Economic Analysis.) Spe President Johnson Signs Fish Protein Concentrate Bill President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Fish Protein Concentrate Bill in Anchorage, Alaska, on November 2, shortly after return- ing from the Far East. As enacted, the bill (S. 2720) is Public Law 89-701. The purpose of the act is to set up a pilot program that will produce low-cost protein concentrate from fish. The act authorizes the appropriation of $1 million to build a Government-owned plant, and $1,555,000 an- nually for 5 years, beginning in fiscal 1968, to lease a second plant and to operate both plants. The President said: 'I am today signing a bill which marks another advance in this Nation's commitment to eliminate poverty, famine, and disease throughout the world. This measure will make it possible to apply the results of research from the laboratory to the economic large-scale production of a wholesome, nutritious protein concentrate. Protein deficiency is a problem even in our own country here in America. But even more important, it is the greatest cause of childhood disease and illness throughout the world--and particularly inthe less developed countries. The fish proteinconcentrate tobe devel- oped in this program will be used to fortify foods of many kinds without changing their taste or their texture. It is easy to trans- port, because 85 percent of the world's pop- ulation, almost 3billion people, live less than 500 milesfrom the sea. It canbe made avail- able without the need for special storage or refrigeration andits use throughout the world will not require any change in food custom or habits. "The boundless fishery resources of the seas are as extensive as the seas themselves. Marine biologists tell us that the oceans could support an annual catch of 400 to 500 billion pounds of fish and that is a very im- portant source of animal protein, "Nevertheless, despite the world's in- creased fishery efforts, 85 percent of this great potential supply goes unused every year. This fishprotein concentrate program offers us an opportunity to utilize our fishery resources, to provide the world with a pro- tein source of great value at a very low cost, to help our commercial fishing industry to prosper. This is a challenge andit is an im- portant beginning." hes October Wholesale Prices and Indexes for Edibles Wholesale prices for edible fishery prod- ucts (fresh, frozen, and canned) decreased slightly from September to October 1966. The October index was 131.3 percent of the 1957-59 average; it dropped 0.1 percent from September but was 11.3 percent higher than October 1965. Prices were generally lower than inSeptember, but there were substantial increases for several selected items. The subgroup index for drawn, dressed, or whole finfish rose 0.4 percent from Sep- tember to October--mainly because of sharp- ly higher prices at Bostonfor ex-vessel large haddock (up 43.2 percent); landings were light, demand good, and market strong. Prices were lower at New York City for western fresh and frozen king salmon (down 7.2 percent) and down slightly for western halibut (market supplies were the frozen Cutting first fillet. Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes for Edible Fish and Shellfish, October 1966 with Comparisons Point of Avg. Prices 1/ Indexes Group, Subgroup, and Item Specification Pricing Unit (S$) TEs (1957-59=100) apireiel role; Ney (enol olireymenno rel we)! Lelie! ne. Dra’ or Whole Finfish; SG tol iG Gr DBE UE ASC RES ROD CLO IIC ORONO MONG Haddock, Ige., offshore, drawn, fresh. . . . . Boston i Halibut, West., 20/80 lbs., drsd., fresh or froz. | New York lb. Salmon, king, Ige. & med., drsd., fresh or froz. | New York Whitefish, L. Superior, drawn, fresh ...- - Chicago Yellow pike, L. Michigan & Huron, rnd., fresh ish & Shelifishy one me ne ie ee cls emetic culm wie alone ., Skins on, 20=Jb. tins d J a g E 130.1 | 101.4 Sie See Gl GoM HM 4 134.9 | 141.2 Processed, Frozen (Fish & shellfish): Fillets; Flounder, skinless, 1-1b. Pkg. oO. 0'0 00 Haddock, sml., skins on, 1-1b. pkg. Ocean perch, Ige., skins on 1-lb. pkg. Shrimp, Ige. (26-80 count), brown, 5=lb. pkg. Asicans/Ccomai eon mel One aionin Macke jack, Calif., No.1 tall (15 0z.), ASicans/.CSalcmeMe mci chiel «| siitelts le, (ef s\ fe! Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, 1/4 drawn (3-8/4 02.), 100 cans/es. . 2 2 ee ee ee ee Los Angeles Los Angeles New York 1/Represent average prices for one day (Monday or Tuesday) during week in which 15th of month occurs. Prices are pub- lished as indicators of movement, not necessarily absolute level. See daily Market News Service "Fishery Products Reports" for actual prices. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. product). October prices for Great Lakes fish; index dropped 2.6 percent from Septem - fresh fish were down considerably fromSep- ber. The exception was flounder fillets (up tember's high Jewish Holiday levels. Com- 2.4 percent). Chicago prices for frozen pared with October 1965, the subgroup index shrimp were down 4 cents a pound from Sep- this October was up 3.3 percent; prices were tember but were still sharply higher than a up for salmon and fresh-water fish species. year earlier. The October 1966 index was 19.5 percent higher than October 1965, be- Haddock Prices Higher cause of higher prices for all items except haddock fillets. Substantially higher prices for fresh had- dock fillets (up 20 percent) were largely re- Higher prices from September to October sponsible for 0.4-percent rise in subgroup for canned Maine sardines (up 9.7 percent) index for fresh, processed, fish and shell- were responsible for a 1.1 percent rise in in- fish. Prices at New York City for South At- dex for canned fishery products. October lantic fresh shrimp rose 0.8 percent from prices for other canned fish were the same September, but prices dropped for standard as September's. The 1966 pack of Maine sar- shucked oysters (down 2.8 percent). The in- dines through October was 1.1 million stand- dex was 16 percent above October 1965; ard cases--about 9 percent below the 1965 prices for all subgroup items were higher. period. October 1966 prices were higher than October 1965 prices for all canned fish Prices declined from September in sub- products; the subgroup index was up 9.1 per- group for processed, frozen, fish and shell- cent. (BCF Market News Service.) Industrial Fishery Products FISH MEAL SUPPLY IS UP 7.6%, SOLUBLES DOWN 13% Based on domestic production and imports, the supply of fish meal available in the U. S. for the first 9 months of 1966 was 502,329 short tons--35,626 tons (7.6 percent) more than 1965 period. Domestic production was 51,742 tons (24.9 percent) lower, but imports were 96,775 tons (38.8 percent) higher than: in January-September 1965. Peru continued to lead with shipments of 216,476 tons. The U.S. supply of fish solubles during January-September 1966 was 73,671 tons-- down 13 percent from same period in 1965. Domestic production of fish solubles de- creased 13.7 percent, but imports increased 0.8 percent. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January=September 1966 Total Item 1966 1965 1965 pen (Shosstwlion(s) paneme Fish Meal and Scrap: Domestic production: Groundfichmnn eee 7,971) 9,347] 10,696 Herning pe ini icu ne 9,794] 11,622] 12,932 Menhaden 1/............ 107,706] 154,367 | 175,959 Tuna and mackerel........ 22,876] 18,709] 25,399 Wnclassificd i mcasusisueslelelenl as 8,047| 14,091] 17,360 Total production 2/....... 156,394] 208,136 | 242,346 Imports; Canada neve Meee cregn 35,310| 32,623] 43,830 Peres a.) oecisalcoeu teenies 216,476| 204,345 | 209,801 Chie ieee 65,179| 5,132] 5,651 NOT. WAY sien nei deiem eileen 15,096 49 78 SowAfricauReps eee 6,040] 2,900] 5,100 Other countries .......... | 7,834 4,111 6,206 Motal}imports).)eieeyeelelenele 345,935] 249,160 | 270,666 Available fish meal supply .... | 502,329| 466,703 | 524,717 Fish Solubles 3/: Domestic production........ 69,883| 80,958] 94,839 Imports: GEIECE Gigic G06 504 000-0010 oO” 1,184 1,253 1,488 WIGS Clea 6-0°6' 6 o''00)b 50110 o O2p\6"5 303 175 227 IsthsPl 50 0.0.0) 6.0.0N0 6 dio Gta) 6 O20 1,941 1,504 2,598 Other countries .......... 360 825 825 Total imports .......... 3,788 SBS Se1t3 8 ml Available fish solubles supply. . 73,671| 84,715 | 99,977 1/Includes other species. 2/Does not include a small quantity of shellfish and marine ani- mal meal and scrap because production data are not avail- able monthly. |3/Wet-weight basis except for imports from South Africa Repub- lic (included in "other countries"). Source: BCF, and U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. U. S. and World Fish Meal Situation and Outlook World production of fish meal during the first 9 months of 1966 was up significantly from a year earlier, several trade sources indicated. Shipments from exporting coun- tries were down about a tenth. Inventories in several important exporting countries were above the same 1965 period. U. S. supplies of fish meal during January- September 1966, excluding production from shellfish and marine mammals, were 502,329 tons. This was second only to the 1964 rec- ord of 554,000 tons available to the domestic market. Domestic production totaled 156,000 tons, down a fourth from 1965. But it was more than offset by imports of 346,000 tons-- almost 40 percent above the same 1965 pe- riod. The most significant development in the domestic industry was the drastic reduction in the menhaden resource. It was substan- tially below the low levels of several years. Landings have trended downward since the record 1961 catch. Output of menhaden meal was 30 percent below the 1965 period and 38 percent below average. Gulf Coast output was down almost a fourth; the Atlantic Coast output was 44 per- cent below January-September 1965. 1966 Domestic Demand was Strong Domestic demand for fish meal in poultry rations continued strong in 1966. Broiler production was up 9 percent, and broiler prices averaged about 6 percent above 1965. Peruvian prices were well above those of a year earlier during early 1966, but by June were below: by $11 per ton. Prices for the third quarter averaged 12 percent below the 1965 period. Little domestic meal was avail- able before June but, when it became available, cost as much as Peruvian meal. During June-September, menhaden meal was quoted at $3-14 a ton above Peruvian fish meal at New York City. Peruvian meal averaged $152.25 per ton in September--compared to $166.20 for menhaden meal, While prices of most important broiler feed ingredients declined $3 to $9 per ton from first to second quarter levels, soybean meal advanced $7 per ton. Hot and dry weath- er caused soybean crop prospects to weaken and contributed to soybean meal price ad- vances. However, weather improved in Au- gust. The October U.S. Department of Agri- culture Crop Report estimated the 1965-66 soybean crop at 927 million bushels, 8 per- cent above the August estimate and 10 per- cent above a year earlier. Soybean meal prices dropped materially in September, when the September Crop Report first indi- cated a large soybean crop. Prices of most other broiler protein feed ingredients de- clined less significantly. Outlook World supplies of fish meal, fish solubles, and fish oil in 1966 are expected to be about as large as 1965, depending largely on Peru- vian production in late 1966. The catch of Peruvian anchovies during September is re- ported almost 8 times the September 1965 figure. : U. S. supplies of fish meal in 1966 were expected to be larger than in 1965. Only 12,000 tons of fish meal production or im- ports were needed in the last quarter to boost U. S. supplies above a year earlier. January- September 1966 supplies are only 2 percent below the 1965 annual total. However, im- ports of Peruvianmeal may be down during the last quarter. There is some indication that a large part of the Peruvian industry may be curtailing exports to raise prices, On the other hand, if imports from other countries continue at the rate of past months, more inshipments can be expected from Can- ada, Chile, and South Africa. As world demand for meat increases, both U. S. and foreign demand for fish meal and solubles as poultry and animal feed ingredi- ents will increase. The domestic broiler pro- duction rate is expected to continue above 1965 during the third quarter of 1966. The broiler industry appears able to maintain or even exceed its recent production rate. This is indicated by al0-percent increase inchicks placed on feed 7-14 months earlier for re- placements in the U. S. broiler egg supply flock. Soybean prices have fallen substantially since the September 9 upward revision in the 1965-66 crop estimate. The lower prices have depressed prices of most other protein feed ingredients. Further price declines are likely among some ingredients before prices firm. Supplies of fish oil for domestic consump- tion and export probably will be down from a year earlier because current season U. S. production is not expected to add significant - ly to inventories. (BCF Div. of Economics, Branch of Current Economic Analysis, Indus- trial Fishery Products Section, Nov. 2, 1966.) i af oi vomcagt Shrimp Imports Rise 5.2% Imports of all shrimp (fresh, frozen, can- ned, and dried) for January-September 1966 were 117.9 million pounds, compared with 112.1 million pounds in 1965 period--up 5,2 percent. Imports from Mexico totaled 38.2 million pounds, compared with 35.2 million pounds in 1965 period--up 8.5 percent. Shrimp imports (fresh, frozen, canned, and dried) in September 1966 were 15 million pounds; they were 12.2 million pounds in September 1965, September 1966 imports of fresh or frozen heads-off shrimp (shells-on) were 9.9 million pounds; peeled and deveined, 3.8 million pounds; frozen breaded (raw or cooked), 2,550 pounds; and other types! (some dried and canned) about 1.2 million pounds. Mexico shipped 4.4 million pounds (com- pared with 3.7 million in September 1965): 3.1 million fresh or frozen heads-off shrimp (shells-on); peeled and deveined 1.3 million; and other types, 82,375 pounds, 1/Imports of "other types" were peeled in airtight containers or canned (217,946 pounds); cooked but not breaded (268, 428 pounds); dried (15, 872 pounds); and unspecified (736, 292 pounds). cd) a Can Shipments for Fishery Products Increase During January-August 1966, 2,153,668 base boxes of steel and aluminum were used to make cans shipped to fish and shellfish can- ning plants. During the same pe- riodin 1965, 2,077,256 were used. Note: Statistics cover all commercial and captive plants known to be producing metal cans. A "Base box" is an area of 31, 360 Square inches--equivalent to 112 sheets 14" x 20" size. Ton- nage figures for steel (tinplate) cans are derived by using factor 23.7 base boxes per short ton of steel. Source: U. S, Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Defense Department Changes Finfish Purchases Total purchases of the Department of De- fense (DOD) this year are about the same as 1965. A sharp drop in canned fish purchases was offset by a substantial gain in purchases of fresh and frozen fish products. Haddock portions have been the 1966 volume leader -- double the quantity bought in a comparable period of 1965. Tuna, 1965's leading item, was down 60 percent in 1966. This loss was offset partly by larger salmon purchases. DOD purchases of fresh and frozen fish products account for roughly 3 to 4 percent of the total domestic market for purchases of comparable items, and about 13 percent of canned items. Canned Salmon on USDA’S "Plentiful List” Canned salmon is on this month's Depart- ment of Agriculture ''List of Foods in Plenti- ful Supply.'' The list will be distributed to newspapers, radio and TV stations, and other media to apprise them of the canned salm- on supply Situation, Also, USDA will ask food retailers, brokers, and distributors to promote and merchandise canned salmon, BCF's fishery marketing specialists and home economists will follow up by contacting local cooperators to ask sup- port in getting the message to homemakers. wy SURVEY SHOWS FISH PRODUCTS MORE POPULAR Marketing Fishery products are becoming more pop- ular with consumers, according to market studies conducted by Gorton's of Gloucester, Mass., a leading New England fish-process- ing firm. Three of every 10 homemakers are more inclined to serve fish and seafood today than they were just 2 or 3 years ago, the survey shows. There is a continuing interest in serving fishery products among Catholic and non-Catholic families: The possible end of "fish on Friday" for Catholics has not affected this interest. The survey was undertaken when the fish- ing industry became alarmed by rumors that Catholics might be allowed to eat meat on Friday. The results among Catholic home- makers were so reassuring that Gorton's enlarged its consumer study to include a rep- resentative sampling of American housewives. Among Catholics only, 80 percent said they willcontinue to serve fishery products even if the Friday ban is lifted. And almost 75 percent will abstain from meat one day a week evenif the Church no longer requires it. 9 of 10 Homemakers Serve Fish A general sampling of homemakers shows that 9 out of 10 serve fishery products. Of this group, about two-thirds serve it one or more times weekly; in addition, as many as 8 out of 10 frequently order it when eating out. The survey shows that 7 of 10 homemak- ers prefer eating fish in a restaurant because they do not like or know how to cook it. Paul M. Jacobs, executive vice president of Gorton, said: ''The finding presents a major. challenge to the trade. We are facing a sit- uation where we must educate the American homemaker that preparing fish and seafood is now just as easy as preparing any other food. She must be taught that the new frozen fish and seafood entrees and appetizers have eliminated the need for traditional prepara- tion. All she has to do is heat and serve." At present, 6 of 10 consumers buy frozen fishery products, but only 2 of 10 believe they buy the frozen more often than fresh or can- ned, Mr. Jacobs added: ''The homemaker must be taught that when she buys a 'cook while frozen! fish or seafood product she is buying a product that retains all of its origi- nal freshness. We can increase the frequen- cy with which homemakers buy the frozen products if we can get this message of con- venience plus taste plus freshness to the American housewife." Editor's Note: Meatless Fridays ended for U. S. Catholics on December 2, 1966. Hd) al PE ees SS Ce: Bluefin Fishery Sets Record The U.S. west coast bluefin fishery reach- ed the highest production total since it began in 1919. By September 24, the estimated catch was 33,708,000 pounds--almost 2 mil- lion pounds more than the previous record year. The 1966 record was attributed to: high fishing effort; the recent addition of modern high-capacity vessels that extended the fleet's range, both offshore and to the south; favorable fishing weather, particular- ly in early summer; and the unusual abun- dance of bluefin. Albacore Season Nears Record in Northwest But Poor in California Near-perfect late summer weather and smooth seas contributed to a near-record al- bacore season in the Pacific Northwest. On September 28, Oregon-Washington landings were an estimated 18,224,000 pounds, only 19,326 pounds less than the 1945 record. But California landings were only 10,352,000 pounds--one of the poorest Season since 1945, This unusual distribution of albacore was due to the very early warming in the Pacific Northwest, so the fish either by-passed Cali- fornia waters or did not linger long enough in their northward migration. 1965 Great Lakes Landings Same as 1964 The U.S. landings of Great Lakes fish in 1965 were 55.9 million pounds, about the same as 1964. Also, Canada's Great Lakes landings totaled about 46.9 million pounds. About half the U. S, catch came from Lake Michigan; al- most all the Canadian catch was from Lake Erie. Some First-Half 1966 Landings MICHIGAN: From January-July 1966, the commercial catch was 2,313,000 pounds above the same period in 1965, Carp, chubs, and lake herring production decreased 190,700, 648,000, and 143,700 respectively. Alewife catches were up 2,886,900 pounds; smelt, 216,100 pounds; and whitefish, 290,800 pounds. WISCONSIN: During January-June 1966, alewife catches decreased 2,101,500 pounds; chubs, 268,000 pounds; and yellow perch, 165,800 pounds. The only large gains were made by carp and suckers--124,700 and 147,000 pounds. Several large alewife pro- ducers probably have not reported. OHIO: From January-July 1966, landings were only slightly higher (39,400 pounds) than same period of 1965. However, certain spe- cies varied considerably from 1965: Carp landings were up 394,800 pounds; catfish catches were down 227,000 pounds; sheeps- head production was off 1,777,100 pounds; white bass harvest increased 165,600 pounds; yellow perch landings rose 1,566,800 pounds; and yellow pike production declined 64,600 pounds. S fl ‘fa, Spacecraft May Help Increase Fish Catch Space vehicles of the future may be used to help man catch more fish from the oceans, Under Secretary of the Interior Charles F. Luce said October 5 to the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission at Portland, Me. Mr. Luce noted that BCF is looking in- tensively to new developments to increase the efficiency of the U. S. fishing fleet. "One interesting aspect of this is the pos- sible use of spacecraft to obtain oceanograph- ic and fishery data,'' Mr. Luce added. "Ex- periments and feasibility studies underway now in the use of spacecraft include deter- mination of sea surface temperature using infrared detectors, radar detection of sur- face water disturbances caused by surface feeding fish schools, estimation of wave height by radar, detection of chemical fish trails at the surface of the water left by mi- gratory schools of fish. . .and direct spotting of large marine mammals by high resolution photography. American astronauts have been briefed on fishery and oceanographic research and they have already supplied us with much useful information." Under Secretary Luce predicted that the total consumption of commercial fish and fishery products in the United States, both -from domestic and imported sources, will jump to nearly 28 billion pounds a year by the year 2000. The present consumption is about 12 billion pounds. The Department of the Interior's Fish and Wildlife Service is the official research agen- cy for the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission--the Nation's oldest interstate marine fishery organization, founded by in- terstate agreement in 1941. —— TV Camera Shows Tests at 45,000 Feet A television camera has been developed by its Instrumentation Department that shows ef- fects of tests conducted at simulated depths down to 45,000 feet, says the U. S. Naval Ocean- ographic Office. The camera operates from the outside of a high-pressure test-and-eval- uation vessel and relays a clear picture to a TV monitor. The picture shows what is hap- pening to instruments having to withstand pressures in the ocean's deepest known parts--up to 20,000 pounds per square inch. The TV camerais light and compact enough to be handled easily by one man, but the test vessel weighs 18 tons and has a plug-type cover weighing 4,000 pounds. The test de- vice is capable of accepting instruments up to eight feet in length. The closed-circuit TV monitoring system clearly shows how instruments will react when subjected to pressures claimed by man- ufacturers. 'Some instruments disintegrate, others collapse, but many perform as claim- ed,'' William L. Bryan of the Naval Oceano- graphic Office states. ‘It is better to test our instruments here in a laboratory, rather than risk having a failure at sea. Savings in time and money are great, in addition to averting any serious injuries to personnel." Pag “Aluminaut” Recovers Instruments From Ocean Bottom ''The deepest known search and recovery mission has been successfully accomplished for the U. S. Navy by the Aluminaut, the world's deepest diving submarine," its own- er, the Reynolds Co., reports. Under con- tract to the Naval Oceanographic Office (NOO), the 51-foot, 6-man, all-aluminum sub set arecordby performing a 3,200-foot ocean-bottom search for oceanographic in- struments lost over a year ago off St. Croix, Virgin Islands. The sub recoveredthe 2,100- pound package of instruments in 3,150 feet of water in mid-October. The Reynolds Co. considers the search part of the mission the most difficult. On the first dive, October 12, the Aluminaut lo- Wan FeO pwn . STERN ACCESS TRUNK . VERTICAL PROPULSION MOTOR . T. ¥. MONITOR . FORWARD SONAR DISPLAY GYROCOMPASS . DECK SUPERSTRUCTURE . BOW ACCESS TRUNK BOW ACCESS HATCH . SCANNING C.T.F.M. SONAR . EXTENSIBLE ILLUMINATOR . T.¥. CAMERA & ILLUMINATOR . MANIPULATOR DEVICE . OBSERVER . OXYGEN FLASK . PORT ILLUMINATOR . BATTERY . SIDE-LLOOKING SONAR (UNDER BALLAST TANK) . KELL SUPERSTRUCTURE . SHOT BALLAST SOLENOID . SKIPPER . BALLAST TANK . PORT PROPULSION MOTOR . STERN ACCESS HATCH 10 cated the instruments one hour and 56 min- utes after it reached the bottom. The 3 NOO scientific observers on board inspected the 2,900-ft. tangled, expensive instrument array to formulate recovery plans. On the second dive, the Aluminaut took 3 hours and 51 minutes to relocate the instru- ments because it found another cable on the bottom that had to be identified. It used its two mechanical arms to lift the cable infront of the viewing portholes for identification. The recovery was accomplished without incident or damage by a unique spool device attached to the nylon line and steel cables that were used to suspend the instruments. After attaching its hook, the sub ascended at speeds up to 150 feet per minute. On the surface, the support vessel Privateer trans- ferred the lifting line from the sub and hoisted the delicate but heavy equipment on aboard. R. Frank Busby, NOO oceanographer and project director, said the instruments were in excellent condition considering their year on the bottom. They were undamaged and op- erating. ''The data recovered from the in- struments will yield vital information on the oceanographic environment," Mr. Busby said. The Reynolds Co. believes that the Alumi- naut's achievement has demonstrated that what has been lost to Davy Jones may be re- covered from him, The recovery is part of asurvey program of the U.S. Navy's Atlantic Fleet Weapons Range off the Virgin Islands being conducted by the Aluminaut. For the first time, a sub is be- ing used to verify data already collected and deduced by surface oceanographic vessels. 1967 Small Boats Better Equipped, Says Coast Guard The Coast Guard is pleased with the ef- forts of the boating industry to improve its products and comply with Federal boating safety requirements, states Capt. David Oliver, Chief, Coast Guard Recreational Boat- ing Safety Division. After they examined the 1967 boats at the recent Marine Trades Ex- hibit in Chicago, Coast Guardofficers re- ported considerable efforts by most boat builders to meet Coast Guard regulations, which apply to boat owners and operators. Although the enforcement of compartment ducting requirements will begin June 1, 1967, a few ventilation shortcomings continue. Some manufacturers are using ducts and fixtures too small for the space being ventilated. Some cowls were installed in positions that blocked them from normal air currents. Combination light fixtures, curtains, seats and engine covers were among the air flow obstructions noted. The officers also reported increased con- formance with proper navigation lighting regulations. However, some manufacturers did not know of the requirements for a three- foot vertical separation between the white mast head light and the colored lights, speci- fied inthe International Rules of the Road for motorboats under 40 feet. On vessels displaying the lighting required by the Motorboat Act of 1940, some white stern lights, which should show all around the horizon, were obstructed by windshields and canopies. A few fixtures display light beyond the permitted arc of visibility. Some do not meet the prescribed arc of visibility. When purchasing a boat, the Coast Guard advises, the buyer should ensure that it is equipped in compliance withitsownand state safety regulations. Copies of these requirements are avail- able from the Commandant (CHS-2), U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. 20226, and the state boating offices. STATES California ANCHOVY LANDINGS TOTAL 2,500 TONS About 2,500 tons of anchovy were landed through November 1 in the 1966-67 experi- mental anchovy reduction fishery, the Cali- fornia Department of Fish and Game (DFG) has reported. DFG said all landings were in the Monterey Bay area (in Zone 5) offshore from northern California. It has a 10,000- ton quota. There has been no anchovy fishing for reduction in the other four zones. The experimental fishery, in its second year, was established by the State with a maxi- mum take of 75,000 tons. The fishery opened October 15, 1966, and will close April 30, 1967. The fishery may be closed on 48 hours' no- tice if it threatens the resource or quota is reached in any one of the five zones, The other quotas are: Zone 1, Pt. Con- ception-Hueneme area, 10,000 tons; Zone 2, San Pedro area, 10,000 tons; Zone 3, San Diego area, 10,000 tons; and Zone 4, offshore from southern California, 35,000 tons. Reporting on its anchovy tagging program, DFG said 47,400 anchovies were tagged from October 5-November 5. The total of tagged fish now is 85,200. The program is designed to learn more about anchovy populations and movements. DFG also is experimenting to develop new techniques to improve the recovery of tags. Louisiana 1965 LANDINGS HIT RECORD HIGH Commercial landings of fish and shellfish in Louisiana coastal and inland districts reached a record high of 798.9 million pounds valued at $38.4 million--up 95.3 million pounds (14 percent) and $3.7 million (11 per- cent) over 1964. Important gains were made in catches of menhaden, shrimp, crabs, and crawfish. Louisiana again was the Nation's leading producer; it ranked fourth in value of landings. 11 Shrimp: Landings were nearly 62.6 mil- lion pounds, heads-on (39.8 million pounds, heads -off), worth $19.6 million. Compared with 1964, this was an increase of 5 percent in volume and 4 percent in value. MISSISSIPPI Fishing districts of Louisiana. Oysters: Landings yielded a little over 8.3 million pounds of meats with an ex-ves- sel value of $2.4 million--a decrease of 27 percent in volume and 19 percent in value from 1964, Blue Crab: Hard blue crabs were plenti- ful in most areas. Landings of 9.3 million pounds ended a downward trend which began in 1962; landings were 63 percent greater than 1964. Processors produced 578,000 pounds of fresh-picked crab meat worth $732,000 at primary wholesale level. Industrial Fish: Menhaden landings reached 682.4 million pounds, valued at $11.8 million. This was an increase of 14 percent in volume and 30 percent in value over the 1964 catch. They were second to 1962's rec- ord catch, and had a record ex-vessel value. Finfish: Landings used for human con- sumption were 14 million pounds worth $2.5 million--down 1.7 million pounds (12 percent) from 1964 while the value was about the same, 12 Crawfish: The harvest of 8.8 million pounds valued at alittle over $1.8 million put it in fourth place among the State's leading species in volume and fifth in value. Maryland ANCIENT OYSTER SHELLS FOUND The Department of Chesapeake Bay Af- fairs has proof that some oyster shells it recently dredged up were flourishing at the time of the Roman Empire. Fred W. Sieling, chief of the Department's resources management division, said the Geochron Laboratories, Inc., of Cambridge, Mass., conducted carbon 14 tests to deter- mine their age. The tests proved that oyster shells ina deposit 4 miles north of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge were thriving in 140 B.C. The shells appear no older than any other shell, They were dredged up from 15 feet below the bottom, said Sieling, from a 10- foot-thick deposit, The half shells are much larger; some weigh well over a pound each. Some shells were found in a 20-foot- thick deposit, which indicate that sometimes there was a high mortality rate. They were 1,845 years old. Sieling said the death rate could have been due to drills, boring sponges, a fresh- et that lowered the saline level beyond tol- erance, or even an ancient form of the MSX disease. Michigan EDA PROCESSING PLANT COMPLETED A full-scale pilot processing facility has been completed at Hancock, Mich, Itis a project of the Commerce Department's Eco- nomic Development Administration Technical Assistance Project for the Lake Superior area, The facility is being operated by In- land Seas, Inc., a corporation formed by processors on Lake Superior. The operation is designed primarily to produce raw, individ- ually quick-frozen unbreaded and breaded cisco and chub fillets, and gutted and headed smelt products. BCF staff met with Inland Seas, Inc., in October to complete details of the operation. eK OK oe Ok MEAL PLANT PLANNED A fish meal plant willbe built at Menominee this winter. It will greatly increase the poten- tial for harvesting more Lake Michigan ale- wife. Alewife production this year is already about 20 million pounds--up substantially from last year's 14.1 million pounds. Lake Michigan trawlers are expected to land 3 to 5 million pounds more by December 31,1966. Missouri FEDERAL AID PROJECT PRODUCTIVE Under the Federal Aid project, the State produced more than 62 million goldfish, bull- heads, and various species of minnows--and over 5 million catfish, rainbow trout, bass, and panfish. One goldfish breeder alone re- ported he employed 67 persons, including 7 fishery biologists. North and South Dakota ESTIMATE FISH IN OAHE RESERVOIR Based on the recovery of marked fish in the commercial fishery and trap net catches, about 8,641,000 pounds of bigmouth buffalo- fish were estimated to be in Oahe Reservoir in 1965. The reservoir is onthe Missouri River in North and South Dakota. Without further recruitment, the population will support from 300,000 to 900,000 pounds of commercial production annually for the next 10 years-- but will drop sharply below 300,000 after that. The standing crop of fish, age-group II and older, was estimated to be 52 million pounds, or 239 pounds per acre. Carp made up half, but their average weight in September 1966 was only about 2 pounds. Only 1.5 per- cent of the commercial stocks was removed by the commercial fishery in 1964-1966. The commercial fishery landed 40,000 pounds of buffalofish, 5,500 pounds of carp, and 2,500 pounds of carpsuckers in Septem - ber. Most were taken by hoop net in the North Dakota waters of Oahe Reservoir. Oregon WILLAMETTE CHINOOK SET RECORD Fish Commission biologists reported a record count of fall chinook in the Willamet- te River and its principal tributaries above Willamette Falls. A BCF-funded count show- ed more than 1,000 fall chinook above the Falls at Oregon City from August 29 to Octo- ber 7. There were only an estimated 200 fish in 1965, fewer in previous years, including a low of 9 in 1960, The count was especially significant because, historically, there has been no appreciable run of fall chinook in this area, S53 BS ES ES Ea COHO CATCH IN COLUMBIA IS BEST SINCE 1929 The best catch of coho salmon, at least since 1929, in the Columbia River late fall commercial fishery was recorded this year, the Fish Commission announced, As the season on the Columbia closed Oc- tober 27, the catch was near 4% million pounds. The coho fishery on Youngs Bay, which enters the Columbia below Astoria, continued until October 31. Youngs Bay catches are included in Columbia's landing reports. Catches there during the final week of fishing boosted total to about 4% million pounds, Operation Coho Transplant Underway For the third consecutive year, Fish Com- mission hatcheries are being swamped with more coho than they need. The Commission plans to transfer up to 50,000 surplus adult coho from the hatcheries to suitable streams. More than 60,000 were transplanted during the first 2 years: 1964 and 1965. Generally, the fish are being released in- to streams that do not support coho runs but potentially can; streams with recent clear- 13 ance projects or fishways completed; and in streams above impassable falls that have fishways scheduled for construction. Adult coho are hauled to other waters only after the hatcheries' needs of about 35,000,000 eggs are satisfied, and sufficient fish have escaped beyond the hatcheries to use the natural spawn- ing areas. In addition to Operation Coho Transplant, the Commission will furnish other state and Federal agencies with at least 12,000,000 coho eggs. After yetanother excellent year for sport and commercial fishermen, the tre- mendous number of available fish points to a bright future for the coho fishery. OK OK OK ok SEEKS TO ESTABLISH SOCKEYE The Fish Commission has begun an exper - imental program, BCF financed, to stimulate the sockeye salmon fishery. The program is initially set up on a two-year basis at $20,000 per year. Juvenile sockeye, released into reservoirs, will be studied for survival, growth, competi-~ tion with other fish, food habits, distribution, length of stay, and how successfully they leave the reservoirs. The future of the experiment will be based upon the findings. Sockeye have to stay in fresh water lakes for at least one year before migrating to the sea. Although Oregon streams with accessi- ble lakes in the headwaters are few, it is hoped the reservoirs will replace the lakes needed under natural conditions. Fish for the new program will be obtained from the 1,000,000 sockeye eggs recently received from the Canadian Department of Fisheries. It was decided to use fish from the British Columbia area because its sockeye are al- most fifty percent larger than Columbia Riy- er sockeye. Fish from the Adams River runs will be used because they migrate at about the time when conditions in the Willamette System are best. The fish will be reared at the Fish Com- mission's Ox Bow Hatchery and released ag fingerlings into Cougar Reservoir on the South Fork of the McKenzie River, and into North Fork Reservoir on the Clackamas. At present, biologists are investigating several other reservoirs throughout the state, princi- pally in the Willamette Basin, to see if they 14 would offer suitable sockeye habitat for an Insufficient escapement over the dams and expanded program. poor passage of downstream migrants have drastically reduced the runs. The commer- Willamette System is Key cial fishing season on Columbia sockeye was limited to five days in 1964; for the first The new program is geared principally to time in the fishery, commercial fishing for the Willamette System because the Columbia it was not allowed in 1965. The closure was River basin has lost extensive sockeye spawn- based upon poor escapement in 1961--less ing grounds to hydroelectric development. than one-fourth the established goal. UNIQUELY -SHAPED NORTHERN QUAHOG SPECIMEN DISCOVERED A uniquely-shaped, three-inch long specimen of the northern quahog, Mercenaria mercenaria, was found this past winter in the Wickford Cove area of Narragansett Bay by a high school senior who is an amateur shell collector. The discovery was reported by Dr. Carl N. Shuster, Jr., Director of Northeast Shellfish Sanitation Research Center, U.S. Public Health Service, Narragansett Bay, R. I. The odd shape of the shell raised a number of questions. How often does this shape occur among quahogs? Are there records of other such specimens? Since quahogs are burrowing mollusks, how well could such an asymmetrical specimen dig? Would this shape affect its ability to survive? An initial search for informationindicatedthat there are a few such specimens in mu- seum collections, but the ones seenthus far are not as asymmetrical as the Narragansett Bay specimen. The only scientific article about such a shell dealt briefly with the south- ern quahog, M. campechiensis. It is assumed, therefore, that such shells if not rare are certainly not common. Burrowing bivalves, of which the quahog is one, tend to have right and left valves matched in size and shape, whereas non-burrowing mollusks like the oyster have unequal valves. Itis surmised, therefore, that an asymmetrical specimen like the one found would have difficulty in burrowing. The Narragansett Bay specimen resembled closely some ancient fossilized genera of non-burrowing mollusks, especially Exogyraand Gryphaea. Whatever happened tothe present quahog specimen perhaps triggered a latent genetic mechanism for shell shape that has been dominant in the oyster family for millions of years. Dr. Shuster would appreciate hearing fromany reader who has seen a misshapen quahog of thistype and would be particularly interested in obtaining a live specimen. (Maritimes, vol. X, no. 2, Spring 1966.) 15 BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES PROGRAMS North Pacific Fishery Investigations RESULTS OF SALMON RESEARCH CRUISES, SUMMER 1966 BCF conducted three research cruises in the North Pacific Ocean during June-Septem- ber 1966. The objectives: to study distribu- tion and relative abundance of immature sock- eye and chum salmon, compare indices of relative abundance from catches of gill nets and purse seines fished simultaneously, and to determine the percentage of salmon lost from gill nets during fishing (dropouts). These cruises, which represented the Seattle Biological Laboratory's greatest ef- fort in manpower and vessels in several years, were terminated in early September after successfully accomplishing their major objectives. The charter vessels Paragon and St. Mi- chael and the Bureau's George B. Kelez fished gill nets of various meshes. Typical- ly, a string of gear consisted of j2 to 14 50- fathom shackle Ss of 24 ~ and 34-inch mesh, and 12 to 16 of 44 = vit 5z-inch mesh (stretched menue A total of 119 gill net sets made in the three sampling areas (chart) produced a catch of 15,750 salmon and steelhead trout. 160° 155° SHUMAGIN 1SLAND UNALASKA ISLAND S$ ADAK ISLAND 5 oA On i Pie G.B Kelez 175° 180° 175° 170° 165° 4s° 160° 155° 150° Areas fished by U. S. research vessels George B. Kelez, Paragon, and St. Michael, June-September 1966. Sockeye salmon were predominant near Adak Island (Paragon), whereas chum salmon domi- nated along long. 167° W. (George B. Kelez) and long. 158° W. (St. Michael). Previous studies showed that in the summer immature sockeye and chum salmon in these areas are generally present to lat. 49° N. Thus, near Adak Island, these species are found to a distance of 150 miles offshore; at long. 167° W., they are caught nearly 260 miles from shore and, at long. 158° W., they are present to approximately 430 miles off- shore, South of Adak Island, along long. 176° W., 1-winter-at-sea immature sockeye salmon were most abundant 31-45 miles offshore (lats. 51°30! N. to 51°00! N.), although abun- dance was only slightly less to 60 miles off- shore. Abundance was at a peak July 1-10 and July 21-31. Fishing south of Unalaska Island, along long. 167° W., indicated that these young sockeye salmon were about equal- ly abundant throughout the summer; their peak abundance occurred 90-180 miles from shore (from lats. 52°30! N, to 50°30! N.). Similar - ly, along long. 158° W., no peak of abundance of 1-winter-at-sea sockeye was detected. This age group occurred throughout the sam - pling area. The older immature sockeye salmon (2- and 3-winters-at-sea) were distributed some- what differently from the younger fish. South of Adak, these older fish were most abundant 31-90 miles from shore (lats. 51°00' N. to 50°15! N.); catches were too small, however, to demonstrate significant peaks of abundance. To the east, the older sockeye salmon along long. 167° W. predominated in the same area as the younger fish (90-180 miles offshore); they were more abundant late than early in the sampling season, In contrast, older sock- eye salmon along long. 158° W. were abun- dant during early and late August and pre- dominated from 260 to 360 miles (lats, 52°30! N. to 50930! N.) south of the Alaska Peninsula. Catches of chum salmon (age-2 immature) along long. 176° W. were greatest from July = 1OFin! en area 31-45 miles offshore. Along long. 167° W., however, few young chum salm- on were caught and no period of peak abun- dance was detected. At the easternmost fish- ing stations (158° W. long.), 2-year-old chum 16 salmon, though not numerous, were most abundant in late August in the northern and southern extremes of the sampling area. Immature chum salmon (3 years and older) were scarce along long. 176° W., and catches of these older fish indicated no peak of abun- dance by time period or area. Along long. 167° W., the older chum salmon were much more abundant than the young; their peak of abundance fell between August 1 and 10; they were in similar abundance throughout the sampling area, except for slightly lower con- centrations at the very southern stations. Abundance of chum salmon along long. 158 W. was similar throughout the sampling pe- riod; greatest numbers occurred 300-360 miles offshore (lats. 51°30! N. to 50°30! N.). Comparisons of relative abundance be- tween the three sampling areas (table) indi- Purse seine and gill net catches of sock- eye salmon did not reflect relative abundance ina Similar manner. Catches of chum salm- on indicated little relationship between the two types of gear. Studies of Dropouts Percentages of salmon caught in a gill net which are not present when the gear is hauled (dropouts) were estimated from periodic in- spection of the nets during normal fishing. The procedure used was to patrol the nets at night from small boats, mark the location of gilled salmon, and determine their presence or absence at later patrols and when gear was hauled. Portable spotlights were used to lo- cate fish in the net. Dropout rates were substantial (49 per- cent) when measured over a period of 8-10 Average Catch of Immature Sockeye and Chum Salmon Per Shackle for Three Areas of the North Pacific Ocean, July-September 1966 Sockeye Salmon Chum Salmon 2- or 3-Winters-at-Sea 2-Year-Old 3-Year- and Older Pay hon 8] aes cated that 1-winter-at-sea sockeye salmon were most abundant along long. 176° W., and were least abundant along long. 158° W. On the other hand, 2- and 3-winter-at-sea sock- eye Salmon were least abundant near Adak Island and most abundant along long. 1580 W. Both the younger and older sockeye salmon had their peak of abundance at similar lati- tudes in the three sampling areas. The relative abundance of chum salmon was Similar to that of sockeye salmon, The 2-year -old fish were most abundant near Adak Island and least abundant along long. 158° W. The older chum salmon were more abundant along long. 158° W. and 167° W., and least abundant along long. 176° W. Comparison of Purse Seine and Gill Net Catches Comparative fishing was conducted with gill nets (vessel Paragon), and purse seines (vessel Storm, Fisheries Research Institute) to determine if the two forms of gear simi- larly reflected the relative abundance of salmon. Gill nets were fished at night and purse seines during the day inthe same area. hours. After 2-24 hours, dropout rates were about 22 percent. The loss rate was 4 per- cent after one-half hour. Salmon known to be in the nets at least 24 hours continued to drop out. The loss is attributed to escape, falling out of the nets, or to predation. By J. R. Dunn, Fishery Biologist (Research), BCF Biological Laboratory, Seattle, Wash. 98102 Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1966 pp. 40-41. Alaska Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development R/V "'SABLEFISH'" CONTINUES GEAR STUDIES ON SHRIMP TRAWLS The BCF chartered R/V Sablefish has completed phase two of the shrimp try-net experiment in Tutka Bay. Three try-nets were sampled. The results indicate a definite possibility of developing a selectively fishing Shrimp trawl. Various trawl modifications Suggested from these results have been in- corporated into a fourth try-net, which will be test-fished in Kasitsna Bay. "CROMWELL" STUDIES SONAR TECHNIQUES TO TRACK TUNA BCF'S Townsend Cromwell cruised off the leeward coasts of Oahu and Hawaii during August to conduct sonar studies (Cruise 26), It had 5 major missions: 1. To develop techniques for tracking tuna schools with continuous transmitting, frequen- cy-modulated (CTFM) sonar, with emphasis on large skipjack. Sonar returns from three dead skipjack, supported singly at the surface by airborne balloons, showed echo strength was affected by changes in the fish's dorsoventral orien- tation. Returns were strongest when the fish were in the normal swimming position; when they were canted, returns were considerably weaker. In 50 hours of searching for tuna schools, the sonar contacted 3 schools of small skipjack tuna (less than 8 pounds), one school of 10- 20 pound skipjack, and one school of 10-20 pound skipjack, together with yellowfin tuna of about 50 pounds. As in the past, contact with the small skipjack tuna was very short. The longest contact was 4.5 minutes. The returns from the school of larger skipjack tuna were intermittently masked by returns from a very choppy sea, so that contact was quickly lost. The school of skipjack and yel- lowfin tunas was tracked for 18 minutes and up to a distance of 410 meters. 2. To examine relation between depth of targets located by sonar and temperature profile of the environment. Stations planned over various parts of the counterclockwise eddy west of Hawaii were abandoned because examination of tempera- ture profiles indicated that it was directly downstream of Alenuihaha Channel. In their stead, three other stations were selected (track chart): one over a bank that sloped from 500 to 1,500 fathoms in a somewhat ex- 17 MOLOKAI LEGEND: Ui, MREAS OF SONAR OPERATION ¢ STD STATION 4 LONGLINE STATION Track chart Townsend Cromwell Cruise 26. posed area, another over a similar bank but in a well protected area, and a third in an ex- posed area with the bottom at 2,300 fathoms. A sonar search pattern of 24-hour duration was executed three times at each station. STD casts were made at the end of each 24- hour search. A total of 879 targets was located: of these 44 were identified as porpoises, 1 as marlin, and 1 as a school of skipjack tuna. Rates of target contacts during night search were 2.5 per hour for surface targets and 0.5 per hour for non-surface targets; during day search, 3.6 and 1.7 per hour, respectively. Surface targets, 77 percent of contacts, occurred most frequently between the hours of 0800 and1200. The depth distribution of the non-surface tar - gets appeared to be centered at, or just above, the salinity maximum. 18 3. To evaluate sonar returns from long- line gear components. Sonar returns from five baskets of un- baited hooks--and five baskets baited with sauries--were poor and could not be evalu- ated because of interference from surface reverberation. 4. To obtain information on the vertical distribution of skipjack tuna. The research- ers reported that all skipjack schools con- tacted by sonar were surface schools. 5. To make and transmit routine BT and weather information. Except for times in port, routine BT and weather observations were recorded and transmitted at 0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 GMT. Note: For more information, contact: Area Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, P.O.B. 3830, Honolulu, Hawaii 96812. Great Lakes Fisheries Explorations "CLIFFORD" AIDS LAKE SUPERIOR FISHERIES The A. E. Clifford, a gill net tug recently converted into a trawler, is carrying out an important phase of the Commerce Depart- ment's Lake Superior Economic Development Administration-Technical Assistance Project. The project is testing and demonstrating mod- ern equipment and techniques for harvesting, processing, and marketing Lake Superior fish more effectively and economically than is possible with traditional operations. The vessel was converted under a cooperative agreement between Commerce and Interior Departments. BCF gives technical assist- ance. (Cruise Nos. 1, 2, and 3.) The Clifford completed three 5-day ex- ploratory fishing cruises during the third quarter of 1966. The combined cruises pro- duced 8,490 pounds of fish: 67.5 percent chubs (mostly bloaters), 10.8 percent cisco, 9.8 percent smelt, 5.8 percent suckers, and 4.4 percent lake trout. The remaining 1.7 percent was miscellaneous, mostly burbot and common whitefish. The vessel has fished for chubs and smelt on a part-time basis. Attempts to establish markets for the relatively small bloater chubs, which are readily available to trawls, met with little success until recently. Asa result, fishing effort and catches have been nowhere near the actual potential. The ves- sel produced 27,611 pounds of fish during on- ly 60 hours of fishing over 4 months, mainly chubs (82 percent), smelt (10 percent), and cisco (4 percent). TOA Inland Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development "HIODON" CONTINUES OAHE RESERVOIR STUDIES The R/V Hiodon conducted an experimen- tal cruise (No. 10) in Zones 3, 4, and 6 of Oahe Reservoir during September 1966. The reservoir is on the Missouri River in South and North Dakota. The vessel completed 102 drags to compare catches of three different size trawls (40 drags); to compare daytime catches with nighttime catches (16 drags); to collect biological samples (2 drags); and to effect a maximum catch of commercial spe- cies in two areas of the reservoir (44 drags). Fishing Results: The 102 drags took 8,006 fish (age group II or older) that weighed 17,468 pounds--an average of 78 fish or 171 pounds per drag. As usual, carp dominated the catch composition: 63 percent of total weight. Buffalofish also were prominent: percent of the weight. The pattern of pro- gressively larger catches in late summer and fall was similar to 1965. 23 Trawl comparison drags: 40 drags were made with three trawls (35-, 45-, and 52-foot headrope) to determine possible variations between trawls in rate of catch and species composition. The trawls took fish in about equal quantity, but the 35-foot net took a smaller proportion of buffalofish and a some- what larger proportion of carp and carpsuck- ers than did the other two trawls. Day-night comparison drags: 16 drags were made to compare catches made during daytime with catches made at night in the same area and using the same gear. Four drags were made in the morning (7:00 a.m. to 9:30 a.m); six drags during late afternoon (4:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m.); and six drags at night (8:00 p.m. to midnight). The average catch per drag during late afternoon (271 pounds) was about the same as during the night (278 pounds), but the early morning drags were considerably less productive (112 pounds), Carp comprised a larger portion of the late afternoon catch than at either of the other time periods. Carpsuckers: were about the same percentage of the catch dur- ing all periods; buffalofish were a larger part of the early morning and nighttime catches than during the late afternoon; and goldeye made up over 2 peréent of the catch only at night. Commercial production drags: 44 drags were made to catch commercial species in the largest quantity possible. Results are analyzed on the quantity of fish taken per standard 15-minute drag and on "operational hours": i.e., hours required to complete trawling in a local area. Operational hours reflect shooting, dragging, and hauling time, time spent in cruising from one drag site to another in a localized area, and delays re- sulting from minor or routine maintenance of gear. Operational hours do not include the time required for travel from one major trawling area to another. Most of one day was spent trawling ina "marginal production area'' (upper Zone 4). Drag sites here consist of small scattered bays, so considerable time was lost in travel from one drag site to another. Seven opera- tional hours produced only 70 trawling min- utes. The take of commercially saleable fish was 65 pounds per 15-minute drag, or 43 pounds per operational hour. The commer- cially saleable poundage was: 84 percent carp, 10 percent river carpsucker, 5 percent bigmouth buffalo, and 1 percent channel cat- fish. (''Commercially saleable" are species designated commercial by the State, and are such species and sizes the local industry can sell.) Allthe bigmouth buffalo and 86 percent of carpsuckers were commercial size, but only 67 percent of catfish and 34 percent of carp were that large. Twenty-four operational hours (560 trawl- ing minutes) were spent on a prime trawling area in Zone 6, The catch of commercially saleable fish was 89 pounds per 15-minute drag, or 137 pounds per operational hour. The commercial poundage was 55 percent bigmouth buffalo, 38 percent carp, 3 percent smallmouth buffalo, 2 percent river carp- sucker, 1 percent goldeye, and 1 percent freshwater drum and channel catfish com- bined. Nearly all buffalofish and goldeye, 19 two-thirds of channel catfish, one-fourth of carp and carpsuckers, and 8 percent of drum taken were commercial size. Young-of-the-year and yearling catch: Of 3,370 young-of-the-year fish taken, 90 percent were black bullheads, 5 percent drum, and 4 percent crappies. Other species taken, each less than one percent of catch, were white bass, perch, and walleye. Of 18,360 yearling fish taken, 92 percent were black bullheads, 4 percent were crap- pies, and 2 percent were yellow perch. Other yearling fish taken, but each species less than one percent of total number, were: sauger, white bass, goldeye, northern pike, walleye, channel catfish, carp, bigmouth buffalo, small- mouth buffalo, freshwater drum, and burbot. Note: For more information, contact: Base Director, Exploratory Fishing Base, BCF, 5 Research Drive, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48103. Gear Development "BOWERS" ELECTRIC SHRIMP TRAWLS ARE SUCCESSFUL Daytime catches with the electrical shrimp trawl are about equal to nighttime catches with the standard trawl, cruise 67 of the George M. Bowers shows. The gear research vessel recently completed an electric shrimp-trawl- ing cruise off Mississippi and Texas. Two simultaneously towed 40-foot Gulf of Mexico flat trawls were used. The starboard trawl was equipped with components of the electri- cal system; the port trawl with a single tickler chain. Comparison tows lasted one hour. Daytime electric trawl catches averaged 96 percent of the night non-electric trawl catches. The weight averages of the catches were 15.5 lbs./hr. for the daytime electric trawl--and 16.2 lbs./hr. for the night non- electric trawl. The day non-electric average was 0.5 lbs./hr.--and the night electric aver- age was 9.9 lbs./hr. The researchers are trying to take underwater motion pictures of the electrical trawl while fishing. If success- ful, the films should explain the lower catch rates of the electrical trawl at night. An efficiency of 96% for the daytime elec - trical trawl, compared to the night standard 20 trawl, is a commercially productive catch rate. This catch average also adds consider - able support to the success the system exper - ienced during the Bowers cruise off the Ala- bama and Mississippi coasts: an efficiency of 109% for the daytime electric trawl. The catch weight averages were 17.7 lbs./hr. for the daytime electric trawl--and 16.3 lbs./hr. for the night non-electric trawl. Cruises 66 and 67 of the Bowers show the electrical shrimp trawl to be very effective on the Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas coast- al shrimping areas. we ok ok ok OK ATTRACTION OF ANCHOVIES TO LIGHT STUDIED The Bowers conducted light attraction studies on anchovies in Mississippi Sound (Cruise 68) during the October ''dark-of-the moon" phase--October 10-15. The objective was to experiment with a variety of light sources to determine attractionrates and be- havior control of Gulf anchovies (Anchoa sp.), Four experimental lighting arrays were used: a 90-lamp bank of incandescent lights capable of 13,500-watt output; a 2-lamp bank of mercury vapor lights with 2,000-watt out- put; a 3-lamp, 3,000-watt bank of incandes- cent lights; and single 6 VDC seal-beam lamps. Variable intensity controls wereused on each unit. Experimental fishing and sam- pling gear included a 215-foot fine mesh purse seine, gill nets, and dip nets. Throughout the study period, strong winds, choppy seas, and heavy turbidity greatly re- stricted operations, observations, and the ef- fectiveness of light attractors. But general- ized observations indicated that the mercury vapor lights were most effective in attracting both anchovies and clupeids to the vessel. By switching to the 90-lamp bank of incandescent lights, circular milling behavior was quickly established--and then the ''school'' could be held through successive dimming down to one low intensity lamp. Weather conditions per - mitted only one purse Seine set that yielded about 200 pounds of anchovies, and 10 pounds of thread herring (Opisthonema oglinum), scaled sardines (Harengula pensacolae), and small numbers of harvestfish (Peprilus paru), bumpers (Chloroscombrus chrysurus); and cutlassfish (Trichiurus lepturus). Six-bulb banks of red incandescent lights attracted primarily squids and eels. No measurable results were obtained with a five- bulb bank of blue lights. To obtain menhaden samples, gill-net sets were made in the Sound in cooperation with BCF's Beaufort Biological Laboratory. Note: For more information, contact: Base Director, Explora- oy Find and Gear Research Base HQ, Pascagoula, Miss. 39567. ZW North Atlantic Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development "DELAWARE" SEEKS INDUSTRIAL FISH ON GEORGES BANK The exploratory fishing vessel M/V Dela- ware returned from the Georges Bank area to Gloucester, Mass., on October 10 after completing the second in a planned series of exploratory cruises for industrial fish spe- cies (Cruise 66-8, Sept. 29-Oct. 10, 1966). Thirty-three tows were made with a Dutch herring trawl specifically to evaluate herring (Clupea harengus) distribution, relative abun- dance, and availability to this type of gear. The major part of the survey was conducted on the northern half of Georges Bank, from Cultivator Shoal to the Northern Edge, at depths of 16 to 52 fathoms (see cruise chart), Also, electronic fish sounding and ranging transects were made both in the fishing areas and while steaming to and from Gloucester. Commercial concentrations of herring were found in the northeastern section of the Winter Fishing Ground. A fleet of 35 to 40 foreign vessels, mostly Soviet factory-stern trawlers, was actively fishing here; estimated catches of 10,000 to 35,000 pounds were observed. The main objectives of this cruise were: (1) to investigate the seasonal distribution and relative abundance of industrial fish (primari- ly herring) in the area of Georges Bank and adjacent parts of the Gulf of Maine, (2) deter- mine the availability of these species to a Dutch herring trawl, and (3) to obtain biologi- cal and environmental data relative to col- lected species, A Dutch herring trawl wasused. Two types of kites (fiberglass and plywood) and varying 21 Legend: > Trawl station. M/V Delaware Cruise 66-8, Sept. 29-Oct. 10, 1966, numbers of spherical (8-inch diameter) floats buoyed up the headrope, and wooden spacers were used for roller gear. Fishing activities were conducted in areas of suspected fish abundance--generally based on data from previous cruises and informa- tion received from Government aerial sur- veillance of foreign fishing activity. Echo- sounding and ranging transects were con- ducted between trawl sets and during bad weather, when fishing was impractical. Tows with the Dutch net were made during the daytime and were usually 1-hour long at about four knots. Oceanographic data were collected at every tow, and biological speci- mens were examined for size, weight, stom- ach content, and sexual maturity from selec- ted catches. Results: Definite commercial concentra- tions of herring were found in the Winter Fishing Ground area between 41°55' N., 67°25! W, and 41°58' N., 67°28! W. at depths of about 20 to 30 fathoms. Although the ves- sel's maximum catch was 3,300 pounds for a 1-hour tow, a tenfold catch was observed on a Soviet vessel, probably the result of a 2- hour tow. The observed catches of several vessels of the large foreign fleet averaged over 10 thousand pounds. Their powerful mod- ern vessels apparently experience little diffi- culty in handling nets that appeared twice as large as the Dutch herring trawl. A dense fog and competition for space prevented the Dela- ware's crew from fully evaluating the possi- ble production from this area. Two other areas produced fair catches of industrial fish species. Over 9,000 pounds of mixed fish, including 7,000 pounds spiny dog- fish (Squalus acanthias) and 1,260 pounds her- ring, were caught in a 1-hour tow in 32 to 34 fathoms between the Peaked Hill Buoy and W or "E'' Buoy off northeastern Cape Cod, Catches included over 2,600 pounds of mixed industrial fish, mostly herring or silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis), on northern Cultiva- tor Shoal. 22 Herring were taken in all but 4 of the 33 tows made. However, they were missing in widely separated tows, which substantiates the belief that they are distributed widely on the northern half of Georges Bank. The sex- ual condition of this species differed marked- ly throughout the area: those in the area of heavy foreign fishing were nearly all ripe fish; those on the Northern Edge were from less than 5 to about 30 percent ripe; on Culti- vator Shoal, 10 to 50 percent ripe; west side of Great South Channel, 0 to 10 percent ripe; and the single catch on northern Cape Cod, 50 percent ripe. Size range of herring did not differ signif- icantly in the catches. Total lengths were generally in the 11.0 to 12.5 inch range. Stomach contents of herring caught on the Winter Fishing Ground were about 50 percent filled with herring eggs and 50 percent empty. Stomachs examined from other catches were usually empty; a few had been feeding on uni- dentified plankton, Sea surface temperatures during thecruise ranged from 55 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit. A heavy plankton bloom was observed on the northern edge of Cultivator Shoal, where the water temperature was about 55.4° F. Note: For more information, contact: BCF Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base, State Fish Pier, Gloucester, Mass. 01930. 2 South Atlantic Fisheries Investigations and Gear Development "OREGON" STUDIES AVAILABILITY OF SWORDFISH AND BOTTOMFISH The R/V Oregon returned to St. Simons Island, Georgia, on September 26 after a 19- day exploratory fishing cruise off southern Georgia and the Florida east coast (Cruise 112). Objectives: to continue seasonal ob- servations on availability of swordfish to long- line gear, and to survey distribution availabil- ity of inshore bottomfish stocks by otter trawl. Five nighttime andone daytime 50-60 bas- ket longline (10 hooks to a basket) sets were made between the axis of the Gulf Stream east to the 1,000-fathom curve. Twenty swordfish weighing 1,678 pounds (89-lb. average) were taken in the 6 sets. Miscel- laneous catches included 58 sharks (6 species mostly whitetip) weighing 10,000 pounds, 2 bigeye tuna weighing 72 pounds, and 9 speci- men of 6 miscellaneous species (dolphin, blue runner, white marlin, spearfish, esco- lar, and lancetfish). The smallest swordfish taken was 184 pounds and the largest 205 pounds. The sharks caused some damage to the swordfish. During the bottomfish part of the cruise, the vessel covered 1,067 miles of fish detec- tion transects inside the 10-fathom curve be- tween Jekyll Island, Ga. and Cocoa Beach, Florida. No promising bottomfish concentra- tions were located. The best set made incon- junction with fish tracings on the recording fathometer consisted of 860 pounds of spot, croaker, and whiting. (Chart page 24.) Note: For more information, contact: Base Director, Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base HQ, Pascagoula, Miss. 39567. a) Tropical Atlantic Fisheries Investigations R/V "UNDAUNTED" VISITS RECIFE The R/V Undaunted, of BCF's Tropical Atlantic Biological Laboratory, recently stop- ped in Recife, Brazil, on a 4-day visit. The visit followed extensive fishery and oceano- graphic study in the western tropical Atlantic. The staff held open house and later invited local reporters and photographers to witness a demonstration cruise around Recife. The U. S. Information Agency and local press pub- licized the visit and the Undaunted's work. California’s “Scofield” Samples Coastal Shrimp The State of California's N. B. Scofieldre- turned to San Pedro September 13 after a 5- week cruise in coastal waters primarily to sample shrimp. (Cruise 66-S-5 Shrimp.) The cruise areas were the coastal waters from Oregon border to Eureka, California, and off Point Rincon, Santa Barbara. The 156 tows were randomly distributed over the 270 square-mile survey area between 23 a R & nq + tae z zx srs besas iv Biles ishuifriorh tbo epost rotons at aS E { » % 2 Pickup Fish detection t. asect - Fish trawl Longline: Set sojxom po njee ssomynndey mmoesis jag po queers aero fe nice scout segs + ~~ Pol eS OX pR P ELETEL 0 POTET Spo a Peeps trasesensrssastseneciesssenes ieee ensctense sense it 1966 -26, September 8 ? R/V Oregon Cruise 112 24 the Mad River's mouth and the Oregon bor- der. Fishing depths ranged from 40 to 105 fathoms. The vessel used a semiballoon, gulf shrimp trawl with a 41-foot head rope or 25- foot estimated spread. The net had one-inch stretch mesh with a 3-inch stretch mesh liner in the cod end to prevent escapement of juve- niles. The researchers found that approximately 101 square miles of the 270 square-mile sur- vey area contained sufficient concentrations to provide at least 50 pounds of shrimp per hour. About 17 square miles produced catch- es of 300 or more pounds per hour (see map). Pt. St. George Klamath River Legend: FA - 300 lbs./hr. or more =| - 50 lbs./hr. or more. (ia) - Area surveyed. o Redding Rock Pacific Ocean | 5 Mitest (Mad River N. B. Scofield 66-S-5, Area A. Excluding catches under 34 pounds, the average catch was 162 pounds per hour and ranged from 35 to 1,496 pounds per hour. Counts per pound ranged from 57 to 151; the mean was 100. The Year-Class Composition ear-Class Percent by Number O (1966 I tioes Il (1964) Estimated total poundage on the bed was 2,210,000, compared to 5,086,000 pounds es- timated onthe bedin April. During this period, 1,225,000 pounds were ae cmoved by fishing. New BCF Film Honored A Government committee ss has selected ''Flavor of Maine," = a film produced by BCF and sponsored by the Maine Sar- dine Council, for showing at international film festivals. The new 16 mm., 14-minute color film, designed for all age groups, describes the Maine sardine industry--catching, process- ing, and methods of serving. Authentic re- cordings of ocean sounds and an original mu- sical score contribute to its mood. It re- ceived honorable mention on October 7 at the 14th annual Film Festival in Columbus, Ohio. The motion picture is the third in BCF's series on the Maine sardine industry; the first was produced in 1948. "Flavor of Maine" now is available from BCF and its cooperating film libraries. In- quire: Audio-Visual Services, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 No. Fort Myer Drive, Arlington, Va. 22209. Boston Trailers improve Fish Handling Methods Anew system for handling fish at sea re- cently installed on five large trawlers oper- ating out of Boston (Mass.) Fish Pier has proved a good investment. Devised by BCF, it includes an improved fish washer and hatch cover and is now standard equipment on all vessels of a Boston firm's fishing fleet. The adoption of this equipment is one of the most important advances in handling fish aboard New England trawlers in many years. An outstanding feature of the washer is its mechanical simplicity. Fish are conveyed through it by a flume originating from the deck hose. Since only a few fish are in the washer at anyone time and need not be fork- ed out, they reach the hold in much better condition than fish handled by more tradition- al methods. Vessels fitted with these wash- ers are reported to get more fish out at top prices because the improved handling adds about aday to their shelf life. Another virtue of this washer is the exceptionally clean ice and bilges seen at the end of each trip. On deck, the strenuous job of forking the fish down is eliminated. From Washer To Hold From washer to hold after fishleave wash- er, they slide down dewatering chute and en- ter the hold through special hatch cover which contains a manhole and a fish hole. The fish hole has a flapper valve that allows fish to pass through but retards heat leakage into hold. The cover need never be removed at sea, so hold temperatures remain cooler -- roducing a significant saving in ice. Note: For more information on systems for handling fish at sea, contact: Laboratory Director, BCF Technological Laboratory, Emerson Avenue, Gloucester, Mass. 01931. Yes baa Auke Bay Biologists Successfully Transplant Salmon BCF biologists at Auke Bay, Alaska, re- port that the experiment to transplant fish to reestablish salmon runs ina barren stream has been successful. In late August 1964, BCF, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and the salmon canning industry joined forces in an attempt to reestablish the even-year run of pink salmon in Sashin Creek, which had been virtually decimated; in 1962, only eight adult salmon were counted moving up- stream to spawn. The biologists decided to try to improve the run by carrying live adult salmon from a stream with surplus‘and re- leasing them into Sashin Creek; 1,886 adult pink salmon were transferred from Bear Creek on Kuiu Island into Sashin Creek. The transferred adult salmon lived through the transplantation and spawned normally. The eggs survived well through the winter of 1965-66 and produced 320,000 fry, which mi- grated to salt water. The payoff came this fall when 6,000 adults returned to Sashin Creek to spawn. There are now over two million eggs in the gravel at Sashin Creek. Biologists are 25 optimistic that this run will be reestablished, and that transplantations of this type may help restore similar badly depleted runs or estab- lish new runs. > Cooked Salmon, Stored Then Warmed, Becomes Rancid Quickly Fresh or iced salmon--when cooked and then stored at household refrigerator temper - ature (40° F.)--develops rancidity upon warm- ing at a tremendous rate. This finding was made at BCF's Food Science Pioneer Research Laboratory in Seattle. Salmon samples that experience this proc- ess are more oxidized, discolored, and rancid than salmon samples stored frozen for sever- al years at 0° F. The researchers offer this tentative explanation of the phenomenon: the development of oxidation in iced fish, in which bacteria are growing, is arrested by thepres- ence of the bacteria in a yet-unknown manner. The cooking of the fish arrests the action of bacteria and permits rapid oxidation at 40° F., which then is strongly accelerated by a re- heating of the fish. These observations are being followed up with work on other species. The same effect has been observed on rockfish, but here it is less pronounced because rockfish have a low- er oil content than salmon. Identify Cause of "MSX” Disease Cooperating closely, scientists of BCF's Oxford (Md.) Biological Laboratory, Rutgers University, Hiram College, and Texas A & M have begunto unravel the enigma of the ''MSX"' disease that decimated oysters in Delaware and Chesapeake Bays. The disease is caused by a newly recognized protozoan, which was named Minchinia nelsoni by Haskin and Stauber of Rutgers and Mackinof TexasA&M. Couch, Farley, and Rosenfield of the Ox- ford Laboratory have identified the prespore and spore stages. Barrow and Taylor of Hiram College have demonstrated by floures- cent antibody studies that the spores identi- fied at Oxford are those of Minchinia nelsoni. To control a disease, knowledge of its cause 26 and the parasite's life cycle usually are-es- sential. The university research was large- ly supported by BCF contracts. Chinese A-Blasts Affect Oysters Studies at BCF's Radiobiological Labora- tory at Beaufort, N.C., have detected radio- activity in oysters caused by the Chinese nuclear explosions. The findings result from a program to study marine organisms that have accumulated radioactive materials. Sev- eral common marine invertebrate species in the Beaufort area serve as biological indica- tors for various types of radiation pollution. Fallout radioactivity from Red China's second nuclear bomb test on May 26, 1965, was detected in the oyster, Crassostrea vir- ginica. Prior tothisblast, radioisotopes with relatively long active periods (about 1 year) -- ruthenium 106, zinc 65, manganese 54, and potassium 40--were found in oyster tissue. Eleven days after the blast, additional radio- nuclides in the oysters included: cerium 141, ruthenium 103, zirconium 95-niobium 95, and barium 140-lanthanum 140. These short-lived radioisotopes showed that increased radioactivity was due to fresh fallout. Lesser amounts of fresh fallout were detected in marine organisms after the first and third tests. Extremely sensitive detect- ing equipment measured the radioactivity, which was far below dangerous levels for man. Apparently, the organisms lose accum- ulated radioactivity quite rapidly: fresh fall- out is detectable in samples for only a few weeks after each test. —— ~ ) rw Analyze King Crab Data The length frequencies of male king crab caught during the trawl survey by the BCF's chartered vessel ''Sonny Boy" in the Bering Sea, have been completed. The catch was dominated by noncommercial size crab--less than 125 mm. carapace length. The most abundant group of commercial size crab oc- curred between 125 mm. and 140 mm. The researchers have nearly completed compar - ing the 1966 length frequencies with those collected from 1957 to 1961. Combine Heat and Irradiation to Pasteurize Dungeness Crab Meat The Seattle Technological Laboratory in- itiated a study of the feasibility of combining heat pasteurization and irradiation pasteuri- zation to extend the refrigerated shelf life of high-quality, fresh, Dungeness crab meat. Previous tests indicated that Dungeness crab meat can be successfully heat-pasteurized by the process used in the blue crab industry. The scientists hope that by combining low- dose irradiation (less than 0.2 megarad) and mild heat treatment (180° F.) storage life can be increased significantly--and without pro- ducing the adverse odor and flavor changes that accompany either higher irradiation doses or prolonged heat treatment above 180° F. In a 2-week test period, with storage at 34° 12 G4 two groups of samples were of good quality. However, the taste panel preferred the sample irradiated at 0.2 megarad followed by heat pasteurization. Conduct Time-Temperature Studies of Salmonella in Fish Meal The College Park and Pascagoula Techno- logical Laboratories are cooperating in a time-temperature study to determine the process requirements for consistently pro- ducing a meal free of salmonella. The wide- spread incidence of salmonellosis and the in- crimination of fish meal as a carrier of the causative organism inspired the study. Fol- lowing various time-temperature treatments, the meals were submitted to College Park for nutritive value assessments. Determinations of thermal destruction were made on Several meals contaminated with a mixture of 5 salmonella strains. The heat treatment ranged from 150° F. for 60 min- utes to 230° F. for a few minutes. Nutritive value determinations revealed that no signifi- cant damage was caused by the various heat treatments required to destroy all salmonella organisms, \ wi wey 4 Irradiate Mackerel to Study Vietnamese Food Scientists of the Gloucester Technological Laboratory (Mass.) are using the Marine Products Development Irradiator (MPDI) to sterilize samples of fatty fish fillets (mack- erel) for a Cornell University study. The study involves the manufacture of " Nuoc- Nam," a fermented fish condiment used a great deal by the Vietnamese. The condiment is made by a process of autolytic degradation of fish protein in strong brine; enzymes from the fish intestines cause the breakdown. The sterilized mackerel fillets will be used to study if and how ''Nuoc-Nam" can be made for the Vietnamese. ae Galveston Studies Distribution and Abundance of Shrimp Larvae BCF's Biological Laboratory at Galveston, Tex., has begun a study to obtain estimates of the abundance of planktonic-stage Penaeus sp. and to determine their vertical distribu- tion in relation to water temperature. Plank- ton collections are made in waters off Gal- veston ranging from 9 to 55 meters (5-30 fathoms) using a Clarke-Bumpus sampler. Four cruises have been completed and the examination of plankton samples begun, Also, efforts were resumed to locate con- centrations of Penaeus sp. postlarvae before they enter Galveston Bay. Simultaneous bot- tom-sled and’ plankton tows were made in one to 27 meters (3 to 15 fathoms). So far, only the sled tows have been examined. Results show that Penaeus sp. are abundant along the bottom inside 9 meters (5 fathoms). During August and September, both white and grooved (either brown or pink) shrimp postlarvae are present in these shallow waters. ( tied Shrimp Cultivated in Artificial Ponds At Galveston, too, about 4,000 postlarval white shrimp, spawned and reared to post- larvae under laboratory conditions, were stocked in one of the g-acre ponds in July. The shrimp were held over an 11-week peri- od and no water was added or drained. Food 27 was provided by fertilizing the pond prior to stocking, and twice thereafter, to induce the growth of plankton. Instead of a commercial fertilizer used in past experiments, chicken manure was applied to a single location with- in the pond. About one cubic yard of fertilizer was used in each application. Shrimp grew at an average rate of 1.3mm. and 0.1 g. per day. They attained a count size of 50 whole shrimp per pound over this 11- week period. During the first 5 weeks, how- ever, they grew rapidly (2.3 mm. and 0.17 g. per day) then a marked decrease in growth was evident--apparently associated with de- crease in plankton density, reflected in the chorimeter values. Additional fertilizer has been applied to the pond to restimulate plank- ton and shrimp growth. Studies Life History of Pink Shrimp off Florida The Galveston program of nighttime sam - pling of pelagic postlarvae Penaeus sp. (prob- ably P. duorarum) shrimp entering Florida Bay continued during July-September. Semi-~ monthly plankton samples were collected at the surface, middepth, and bottom of Whale Harbor Channel. From a low in February, the abundance of postlarvae increased grad- ually during the spring. There were peak catches in late May and in July, August, and September. Distribution of postlarvae in the water column was variable--apparently re- lated to the incident light at each level. The highest percentages of postlarvae in the bot- tom nets were obtained near or during the full moon, and when the sky and water were excep- tionally clear; conversely, the highest percent- ages of shrimp in the surface nets were asso- ciated with dark nights and/or turbid waters. Daytime suction sampling of benthic post- larval and juvenile Penaeus (8-100 ml. total length) was continued in shallow water sea- grass beds in Florida Bay. A comparison of May-August samples for 1965 and 1966 showed that the average catch per square meter (m.“) in 1965 was 1.1 shrimp, compared with 1.6 in1966. Exploratory shallow-water shrimp sam- ples were taken in Florida Bay and along the Florida Keys from Key Largo to Big Pine Key. A pushnet and pullnet were used to obtain samples. Young shrimp were particularly 28 abundant (10 shrimp per m.2) at sites to the west (Sandy Key) and southwest (Key Vaca). Shrimp were scarce (2 orlessper m.2) from Key Largo to Lower Matecumbe Key. In east- ern Florida Bay, density was alsolow. These observations indicate that postlarval recruit- ment and/or survival increases toward west- ern and southwestern Florida Bay. Gru Method Found to Peel Pink Shrimp After considerable research, the Techno- logical Laboratory at Ketchikan, Alaska, has developed a satisfactory method to peel pink shrimp--thus overcoming aprimary obstacle to the commercial productionofa highsquarity product. The whole shrimp are heated at 165 F. for 15 seconds to set the pink color, then heated at 110° F. for 3 minutes to loosen the shellfor easy removal by a mechanical peel- er. Based on the success of this process, a private firm is installing a pilot plant in Wran- gell, Alaska. BCF will cooperate in semicom- mercial-scale trials. Lake Trout Thrive on Alewives A recently completed experiment by the BCF Biological Laboratory at Ann Arbor (Mich.) showed that 5 pounds of alewives eaten by 2-year-old lake trout resulted in an in- crease of 1 pound in trout biomass. The trout grew rapidly onadietofalewives. Their body weight increased by 36 percent in 5 weeks. A control group of lake trout, which was fed a standard hatchery diet, experienced a weight in- crease of 26 percent during the same period. Conversion efficiency was low during the first week while the trout were adapting to the new diet; however, it increased during the second week and stabilized at about19.5 percent. This corresponds to aconversion ratio of about 5:1. Tagged Seal Pups Weigh Less Than Untagged A 10-year series of pups weights has shown that tagged pups weigh significantly less than untagged pups a week after tagging, reports BCF's regional office inSeattle. In 1966, the researchers found that mere handling of pups also produces weight differences. Several hundred pups, marked by shearing a small patch of fur from the top of the head, furnished a small reservoir of "handled" pups. A week after shearing, 'handled'' pups weighed less than "unhandled" (unsheared) pups. Handling and subsequent weight loss (or failure to gain) may lessen the individual's chances of sur- vival at sea. Sealskin Prices Are Down The prices of sealskins at the semiannual auction of the Fouke Fur Company, October 13-14, in Greenville, S. C., were down from the record high sale in April 1966. About 21,000 Alaska fur sealskins were offered for sale for the account of the U. S. Government. Prices for skins that were dressed, dyed, machined, and finished (DDM&F) declined about 15-20 percent; Lakoda prices dropped about 20-25 percent. Average prices per skin, and percent change from the April 1966 sale (in parentheses), were: Blacks $117.51 (-19.4%); Mataras $96.18 (-18.3%); Kitovis $95.76 (-15.3%); Lakoda na- turals $81.06 (-21.4%); Lakoda Browns $48.19 (-14.2%); Lakoda Blacks $45.17 (-29.3%). Workshop Discusses Swordfish and Tuna Longlining BCF and industry members talked about swordfish and tuna longlining at a workshop in Gloucester, Mass. Theparticipants agreed that longlines are most efficient for catching subsurface swordfish and tuna, and that the U.S. market for these species is virtually unlimited. They noted some factors hindering the fish- ery's expansion: loss of gear, lack of suit- able refrigerated vessels for preserving tuna catch, and lack of suitable electronic equip- ment for locating lost longline gear. The participants believed these adverse factors eventually will be overcome. JES. Lends Gear for Winter Hake Fishery Again this year, BCF's Seattle Base is lending depth telemetry gear to vessel own- ers who have markets for the winter hake fishery in Puget Sound. Last year, this fish- ery produced about 6 million pounds. Some vessels already have the gear and started fishing. Also, the captainof the commercial trawl- er ''Radio'' has offered the use of his vessel for experimental fishing for herring with a BCF-owned midwater anchovy trawl. The Seattle Base will provide gear and personnel to implement the study. Keel Laid for BCF Exploratory Vessel On November 3, the keel was laid for the exploratory fishing research vessel ''Dela- ware II,"' at the South Portland Engineering Co., Maine. The vessel willbe commissioned in late 1967. The 155-foot, 1,000-hp. Delaware II will replace the Gloucester-based Delaware as BCF's primary vessel for fisheries explora- tion and gear research in the western North Atlantic north of Cape Hatteras. The vessel, of stern trawler design, also will be used to demonstrate commercial stern trawling tech- niques to an industry largely founded on side trawling. The Delaware now in service is a familiar sight along the northeast coast. The 148-foot side trawler was built for commercial serv- ice in Maine in 1937, saw extensive naval serv- ice in World War II, and was used by the Ger- man fishing industry in the years right after the war. Since 1949, ithasbeenusedin BCF's fishery technological and exploratory fishing offshore research programs. 29 Dr. J. L. McHugh Named BCF Acting Deputy Director Dr. J. L. McHugh, who has been Assistant Director for Biological Research since join- ing BCF in 1959, has beennamed Acting Deputy Director. He succeeds Harold E. Crowther, the newly designated Acting Director. For 8 years before coming to BCF, Dr. McHugh was Director of the Virginia Fisher- ies Laboratory and Professor of Marine Bi- ology at the College of William and eee Wil- liamsburg, Va. < . He was born in Vancouver, B. C., and received his bachelor's and master's degrees from the Univer- sity of British Columbia. He served the Bio- logical Staff of Canada's Fish- eries Research Board from 1938 until1941. Dur- ing World War II, he was an infantry officer with the Canadian Army in England and France. Dr. J. L. McHugh After earning his doctor of philosophy de- gree at the University of California's Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Dr. McHugh moved to Virginia to head the State's marine behavior program at Gloucester Point. He became a United States citizen in 1958. He is the author of 70 publications on fish- ery biology, ichthyology, andbiological ocean- ography, a member of scientific societies, and a trustee of the International Oceanogra- phic Foundation. He has been a member of many United States delegations to international fishery meetings in Europe, Latin America, and the Far East. 30 FEDERAL ACTIONS Department of the Interior FISHERIES LOAN FUND HAS PROVIDED NEARLY $22 MILLION From the inception of the Federal Fisheries Loan Fundin1956, through September 30, 1966, the Fund's Administrator, BCF, received 1,864 applications for $48,298,257. By Septem- ber 30,1966, 977 applications ($21,773,930) had been approved, 587 ($13,674,137) declined or found ineligible, 275 ($9,355,902) had been withdrawn by applicants before processing, and 25 ($1,422,386) were pending. Of those approved, 353 were for amounts less thanap- plied for; the total reduction was $2,071,902. Recent Applications The following applied recently for loans: Olaf M. Johnson, Rural Route 2, Oconto, Wis. 54153, for construction of a used 52.3- foot, registered length, vessel to fish for ale- wives. Adolf G. Olofson, 1516 Tongass Ave., Ketch- ikan, Alaska 99901, to buy a used 38-foot wood vessel to fish for salmon, halibut, crab, and shrimp. Fred Schneider, 12809 Kalnor Ave., Nor- walk, Calif. 90650, to construct a new 63-foot steel vessel to fish for albacore, yellowfin and skipjack tuna, swordfish, groupers, squid, anchovies, and bonito. Seven Seas, Inc., Box 1243, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00712, to build a 153-foot, overall length, steel vessel to fish for tuna. Robert A. and Billie S. Thackwell, 1417 Brookhill’ Dr., Fort Myers, Fla. 33901, to buy a used 55.1-foot, registered length, wood ves- sel to fish for shrimp. Sylvester J. Chieslak, Box 24, Cohoe, Alaska 99570, to buy a used 32-foot vessel to fish for salmon, halibut, and crab. Donald F. and Cecilia W. Kiesel, 1214 Donna Drive, Fort Myers, Fla. 33901, to buy a new 80-foot steel vessel to fish for all com- mercial species of shrimp. Cecil E. Prior, Loudville, Maine 04564, to build anew 32-foot wood vessel to fish for lobsters. Notices of the applications were published in the Federal Register, October 28, 1966. i a FISHING VESSEL MORTGAGE INSURANCE PROGRAM Since the mortgage insurance program be- gan on July 5, 1960, BCF, the program's ad- ministrator, received 139 applications for $16,267,107. Of the total, 102 applications were approved for $7,212,421, and 18 appli- cations for $6,017,812 were pending on Sep- tember 30, 1966. During the third quarter of 1966, BCF re- ceived 17 applications for $5,888,862. Sein eo ioe, FISHING VESSEL CONSTRUCTION DIFFERENTIAL SUBSIDY From the first applications for a differen- tial subsidy under BCF's expanded program received in December 1964, through Septem- ber 30, 1966, BCF received 75 applications for an estimated $17,398,500 in subsidies. Public hearings were held on 54 applications; 49 applications for subsidies estimated at $12,322,000 were approved; 9 subsidy con- tracts totaling $1,464,351 were carried out. 2K Kk ok ok ok SUBSIDIES HELP BUILD STERN TRAWLERS On November 4, the Department of the In- terior announced that federal funds totaling $5.2 million will help build two stern trawl- er factoryships--the largest fishing vessels to operate from U.S. ports. The subsidy covers half the construction cost of $10.5 million. Contracts under the 1964 Fishing Fleet Improvement Act were signed November 2, 1966, by BCF and American Stern Trawlers, Inc., of New York City, the owners. Mary- land Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., Baltimore, Md., will construct the trawlers. Gridiron Length The identical trawlers, about 292 feet, will be almost the length of a football field, and about a third longer than the 195-foot "Frosty Morn," the longest U. S. fishing vessel. The latter was built in 1958 and fishes for men- haden in the Gulf of Mexico. The new vessels will be the first of their type to be built or operated in the United States and will be equipped to catch, freeze, package fish fillets from such species as cod and haddock, and produce fish meal and oil. One vessel will operate in the Northwest At- lantic; the other in the North Pacific. The subsidy law provides assistance to build modern fishing vessels that meet cer- tain requirements. The Federal contribution equals the cost difference between building vessels in U. S. and less expensive foreign shipyards; the maximum subsidy is 50 per- cent of the domestic cost. Public hearings are held before any subsidies are awarded. Including the latest contracts, 11 vessels have been subsidized. Three have been com- pleted. OK kK Ok FIRST ANADROMOUS FISH FUNDS AWARDED Interior Department has allocated $750,000 to 5 States, the first funds under the Anad- romous Fish Act of 1965. The Act seeks to conserve and develop the-species that go from sea up rivers to Spawn--salmon, shad, etc. The Act also covers Great Lakes fishes that spawn in tributary streams. The Federal funds are for fiscal 1967, which began July 1, 1966, and may be usedto finance up to 50 percent of approved projects. Michigan received $210,000; Washington, $202,500; Maine, $130,000; Oregon, $120,000; California, $95,000. The money will help pay for 13 projects in research, stream improve- ment, and construction of fishways, spawning channels, and hatcheries. About $2 million is available in fiscal 1967 on a matching basis to 31 States bordering the oceans or Great Lakes. The Act author- izes up to $25 million through June 30,1970. No State may receive more than $1 million a year. 31 The Anadromous Fish Act is administered jointly by BCF and the Bureau of Sport Fish- 2ries and Wildlife. Together, they form In- serior's Fish and Wildlife Service. He Ke OK OK OK SETS NEW PERMIT OBLIGATION FOR SEISMIC WORK Geological Survey now requires that com- panies receiving permits tocarryout seismic work must notify the appropriate BCF Re- gional Director of the time and place of this work. It also requires the companies to pay the cost of having one observer acceptable to BCF on board during the seismic work if BCF thinks it necessary. sl Department of Commerce LOANS $30.5 MILLION TO FISHERIES IN 1965 The Small Business Administration (SBA) of the Commerce Department loaned $30.5 million to 919 fishery firms in 1965. Recip- ients were firms or persons engaged in com- mercial fishing, operators of oyster farms, hatcheries and fish preserves, tongers and dredgers of oysters, and gatherers of sponges, seaweed, etc. SBA also aided processors, such as canners of fish, shrimp, oysters, and clams--and those engaged in smoking, salting, drying, freezing, and packaging fresh fish products. Distributors included wholesalers of fresh and cured fishery products and retailers of all fishery products. Some truckers of fish received loans, but they are not included in the 1965 figures. ok ok ook Ok ook AIDS CONSTRUCTION OF CALIFORNIA MOORING BASIN The Economic Development Administra- tion has approved a $560,000 grant to help build a $1,360,000 mooring basin in Noyo, northern California; the State of California is loaning $800,000. The basin will enable the commercial fishing industry to expand. Noyo Harbor, at the edge of the city of Fort Bragg, is the only improved harbor for about 175 miles of coastline from Bodega Bay to 32 Eureka, The loan and grant will permit dredging operations in Noyo River Channel and construction of a mooring basin at the river's mouth. The expanded facilities will increase the resident commercial fishing fleet from 175 to 225 boats. The number of Noyo-based trawlers also is expected to in- crease when the mooring basin is completed in about 18 months. OK FS 3K PLANS EXPANSION OF FOREIGN TRADE REPORTS Plans to expand and rearrange the series of statistical reports on U. S. foreign trade beginning in 1967 were announced October 17 1966, by the Department of Commerce's Bu- reau of the Census. The plan results from discussions with users of the statistics. 3 The new series will contain for the first time more detailed information, particularly about transportation; much information-will be reported more promptly; and more sum- mary-type data will be made available. The Census Bureau expects that a new monthly report will be widely use, called "Highlights of U.S, Export and Import Trade, " it will contain 80 pages of interrelating sta- tistical tables identifying important move- ments in the trade by commodity, country, United States custom region and district, and method of transportation. The report willbe scheduled for release within 30 days after the month's end. Detailed information on the expanded and changing program is presented in a new bro- chure, "Guide to Foreign Trade Statistics." Since most current monthly reports will be changed, some reports discontinued, and new reports begun, users of foreign trade statis - tics may wish to study the ''Guide"' in order to decide which series will best meet their needs in 1967. Copies are available free from Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233, or from field offices of U. S. Depart- ment of Commerce in major cities. Ok KOK OK ITS SURVEY OF CANNED FOODS TO INCLUDE FISH The Bureau of the Census is planning an annual survey of inventories covering distri- butors' stocks of specified canned foods, in- cluding fish, as of December 31, 1966. To- gether with previous surveys, this-type of survey would provide the only continuing source of information on stocks of specified canned foods held by wholesalers--and in warehouses of multiunit retail organizations. Reports will be obtained from scientifically selected sample of wholesalers and multiunit retail organizations handling canned foods. These reports will provide year-end inven- tories of canned food items with measurable reliability. Also, anumber of multiunit firms will be asked for information about firms maintaining carined food stocks that are not reporting now in the Canned Food Survey. Copies of the proposed forms and a de- scription of collection methods are available from the Director, U. S. Bureau of the Cen- sus, Washington, D. C. 20233. HOOK OK OK OK VESSEL OWNERS TO BE ASKED FOR MORE INFORMATION The Bureau of Customs is revising cus- toms forms 1258 and 1259 to permit proper identification of vessel owners and to facili- tate converting ''Merchant Vessels of the United States'' to automatic data processing. In connection with this necessary revision, the Bureau published a notice in the Federal Register, November 2, 1966. The Bureau will request vessel owners to furnish their zip code and Internal Revenue Service employer number, or social security number. Itadvises that customs forms 1258 and 1259 will be revised. Marine documents will have to show the owner's Internal Reve- nue Service employer number, or social se- curity number. Pending revision, customs form 1258 shall be amended by inserting ''Zip Code, and In- ternal Revenue Employer No. or Social Secu- rity No." following ''Name and Address of Owner.'' Customs form 1259 shallbe amend- ed by inserting ''and Internal Revenue Serv- ice Employer No." after ''Full Corporate Name of Corporation," and ''Zip Code"' fol- lowing ''Business Address of Corporation. "' The Bureau of Customs will mail customs form 1283 to all owners of record. Thisform requests the additional information needed. It also requests confirmation of address and vessels owned. December 1966 FEATURES COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 HARD-CLAM EXPLORATIONS OFF SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES By Robert Cummins, Jr.* Hard clams are distributed from New England along the Atlan- tic coast to Florida and into the Gulf of Mexico. They long have been the basis of a commercial fishery in New England and along the mid- dle Atlantic States. BCF explorations have resulted in the develop- ment of a small, offshore, hard-clam fishery which has expanded pro- duction in North Carolina. This article gives the latest statistics on the total fishery, exploratory dredging results from North Carolina to Florida, anda description of the new North Carolina fishery. Hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria and M. campechiensis) constitute an important fish- ery resource of the Eastern United States (table 1). They occur inwaters of every Atlantic state from Maine to Florida and into the Gulf of Mexico; however, most hard-clam production occurs in southern New England and the Middle Atlantic States (table 2). Little or no commercial production has been record- ed fromthe Florida east coast, Georgia, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, or New Hampshire. Intermittent HIS EGS) have occurred along the Florida west coast=/ and in southern Maine. Table 1 - Annual United States produeeen of Hard-Clam Meats, 1949-63= Quantity2/ 18, 856 21,049 20, 801 17,573 16,976 13,519 14, 385 14, 693 14,767 14, 280 13,553 14, 877 14, 604 135295 14,529 14,925 1/Data taken from Fisheries Statistics of the United States, 2/Thousands of pounds. Published catch statistics date back to 1879 for New England and 1880 for the Middle and South Atlantic States. More recently, Tiller, Glude, and Stringer (1952) gave a comprehen- sive report of the Atlantic Coast fishery from 1931 to1948. Since 1949, New England andthe Middle Atlantic States have continued as the major hard-clam producing areas of the east- ern United States. During this period little change has taken place incapturing gear, marketing structure, or processing proce- dures. General refinements in the fishery, however, have resulted from recent develop- ments in sanitation, pollution abatement, cul- ture of seedclams, and the production of can- ned products such as chowder. Prior to 1959, little was known of the abun- dance or availability of hard clams offshore south of the Middle Atlantic States. "Offshore" is the open ocean, in water deeper than 2 or 3 fathoms, outside the existing inshore fishery. As part of a resource assessment program, BCF began clam dredging in 1959 with the chartered exploratory fishing vessel Silver Bay to determine the commercial potential of hard-clam stocks from North Carolina to Florida. This reportsummarizes the results. HARD CLAM EXPLORATIONS During 7 cruises, from November 1959 to March 1961, the Silver Bay dredged at 271 stations. The explorations were made along the coast from northof Cape Hatteras to south of Cape Kennedy, Fla. (fig. 1). Most drags were confined to the 4- to 8-fathom depth range. Preliminary results were summarized in reports of the Silver Bay cruises (BCF, 1960a, 1960b, 1960c, 1960d, 1961a, 1961b, and 1961c) and by Cummins, Rivers, Struhsaker (1962). *Chief, Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Station, BCF, St. Simons Island, Georgia. 1/Carpenter, James S. (MS), History of Scallop and Clam Explorations in the Gulf of Mexico. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 776 34 Table 2 - Atlantic Coast Hard-Clam Production and Value by States, 1949-64 Quantity of Hard-Clam Meats Produced in: Sieiies 1949 | 1950 | 1951 | 1952 | 1953 | 1954 | 1955 | 1956 | 1957 | 1958 | 1959 | 1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 [ 1964 i9qe-es o%o.0'6 0-5 a (nommbncls Ga itsimnch)5 Gn o Go ood no mo od dd 6 co be Bb Gb bib oo 6 250 288 360 253 160 4, 106 590 503 569 424 335 292 256.6 1,797 | 2,014 | 2,173 | 1,845 | 2,070] 1,236] 1,059] 1,302] 2,025] 1,820] 1,619 1,664 26,258] 1,641.1 2,135 | 2,225 | 3,054 | 3,248 | 4,774] 4,498] 5,020] 4,251] 3,905| 3,246| 2,737 2, 608 51,102] 3, 193.9 13 10 49 38 42 18 138 76) 224| 471 360 420 3, 109 194.3 Bub-total | 4,535] 4,752 | 5,845 | 5,555 | 7,221] 6,044| 6,467] 5,917] 6,514| 5,790| 4,876 4,705 84,575 | 5,285.9 IN. 7,294 | 7,721 | 7,072 | 5,520 | 4,050| 2,452] 2,657] 3,575| 3,582] 3,737| 3,407 4,291 74,795 | 4,674.7 4,045 | 5,085 | 4,372 | 3,626 | 3,341] 3,019] 3,119] 2,885] 2,355| 2,580] 2.011 1, 687 45,495 | 2,843.4 808| 912] so1| 450| 481] 444] 804] 505 322 582 7,943| 496.6 11,588 |13,614 |12, 356 6,220| 7,264 6,639| 5,761 6,560 128,233 | 8,014.6 192] 216 275 457 3,938] 246.1 1,497 | 1,378] 1,267 711] 1,690 1, 861 21,442] 1,340.1 1,733} 1,570 | 1,483] 1,290 986] 1,933 2,318 25, 380} 1,586.2 836 835 278 490 5,972 373.3 7 18 120 109 786 49.1 - - 2 2 0.1 1 8 1 4 45 2.8 Sub-total | - | 4a] 661 401 603 6,805 | 425.3 otal 17, 856 }20,780 [20,545 |17, 226 |16, 532 113,079 | 13,762 14, 251 | 14, 310 |13, 816 | 13, 023 14, 333 |14, 186 Value of Hard-Clam Meats Produced in: States 1949 1950 1951 | 1952 1953 1954 1955 | 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 244,993] 15, 312.0 9 00.0 6° 0.0.0 00 0-0-0 0 0-0 60-0 - « - . .(Thousands of Dollars). ....... 98 94 186 126 100 175 149 90 586 644 802 725 465 743 680 756 469 651 992 | 1,119 6 4 16 11 2,518| 2,759 1,661] 1,414 312 112 Sub-total | 3,967] 4,906} 4,491] 4,285 Md. 94 96 108 97 Va. 641 689 626 674 Sub-total| _735[ 785| 734[ 71 N.C. is7| 192] 167 1 Stuck 2 7 3 Ga. - 2 = - - Fla. 1/ 2/ 4 2/ 5 2 Sub-total is9{ 203[ 170] 124 76 Total 5,861] 7,243) 7,424] 7,207] 7,289} 5,796 1/East Coast. 2/Less than 500 pounds or $500.00. 1,709 1,649 | 1,475] 1,434 61 166 108 2/ 152] 2,115 132.2 7,778| 108,663] 6,791.4 CAPE HATTERAS CAPE LOOKOUT BSS CAPE FEAR Charlesto - Areas of live clams. - Commercial concentrations. Catch, rates range from individual clams to 63 bushels per drag. Fig. 1 - Area of Silver Bay hard-clam explorations from north of Cape Hatteras, N. C., to south of Cape Kennedy, Fla. 35 36 Area Surveyed The northern portion of the area surveyed (fig. 2) extends from the Outer Banks at Cape Hatteras, the eastermost part of the work area, to Cape Romain, north of Charleston, S.C. It is interrupted by Capes Lookout and Fear in North Carolina and Cape Romain in South Carolina, which formthree large bays-- Raleigh, Onslow, and Long. South Carolina, Georgia, and northern Flo- rida (fig. 3), which lie westernmost and the greatest distance from the Gulf Stream, con- stitute the middle portion of the survey area. Southward from the mouth of the St. Johns River near Jacksonville to Eau Gallie (fig. 4), the southernmost portion surveyed, the coast is interrupted only by Cape Kennedy. - 1-12 clams. - Clam shells. - No catch. CL AREA A - Commercial concentrations. ny? AREA B - Sub-commercial concentrations. ~ m2 DY care rear Gear and Methods To obtain coverage throughout the work area, whenever the opportunity occurred, clam dredges were used during regularly scheduled exploratory fishing cruises. These were mod- ified 14-tooth Fall River type clam dredges (see Tiller, Glude, and Stringer, 1952), Asin- gle dredge was normally towed for 15 to 30 minutes off an aft gallows of the Silver Bay with 4- or g-inch wire rope. Two major dif- ficulties affected catch rates--the vessel could not be slowedto optimum dredging speeds, and its draft restricted fishingto depths shallower than about 3 fathoms. The gear appeared to perform satisfactorily on soft mud and sand bottom, but the Fall River type dredge tends to become clogged in clay or sticky mud bot- tom. On hard bottom, the dredge tends to skip or jump, and for this reason an accumulator a), ° *& * Acare wartenas * Fig. 2 - Silver Bay clam dredging stations from Oregon Inlet, N. C., to Cape Romain, S. C. ay Savannah Cup sour cream 4 cup mayonnaise or salad dressing Salad greens 2 packages (3 ounces each) lemon-flavored gelatin 2 cups boiling water Thaw frozen crab meat. Drain crab meat. Remove any remaining shell or cartilage. Cut crab meat into z inch pieces. Sprinkle unflavored gelatine on cold water to soften. Dissolve lemon-flavored gelatin inboiling water in a4 quart bowl. Add unflavored gelatine and stir until dissolved. Add cold water, lemon juice, salt and liquid hot pepper sauce; mix thoroughly. Chill untilslightly thickened. Add avocado, sour cream, and mayonnaise. Beat with a rotary beater until smooth. Stir in the crab meat. Pour into a 13 quart turban mold or12 individual molds, > cup each. Chill over- night. Unmold on serving plate. Garnish with salad greens. Serves 12. SMOKED FISH YULE TREE 1 pound smoked whitefish or other smoked fish pimientos 2 packages (8 ounces each) 1 styrofoam cone, 9 inches cream cheese, softened high 2 tablespoons lemon juice 1 ple square, 6x6x1 13 bagel Worchestershire Plastic film 4 drops liquid hot pepper sauce = cup chopped parsley Assorted crackers 1 can (4 ounces) whole Remove skin andbones from fish. Flake the fish. Com- bine cheese and seasonings and whip untilsmooth and fluffy. Stir in the fish. Cut pimento into small stars. Place cone in the center of the styrofoam square and draw a circle around the base of the cone. Cut out circle and round off the corners of the square. Cover cone andbase with plastic film. Insert cone in the base. Spread fish mixture over cone and base to resemble Christmas tree. Sprinkle fish mixture with parsely and decorate with pimiento Stars. Chill. Serve with assorted crackers. Makes approximately 33 cups dip. : ; d H : Puert MEE TAS Coe ate xine (he Dis Wh) n>aS be eeu Huns MHS Ty lal PY i " : 1 Nate %, ‘ t be ek 4 Z ; F A: 5 : a = 45 cust Gr ith ay ans 4 ye Tks reer | POPSO Lene» 81 Page mon-~] 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 15 16 17 18 18 19 20 INDEX UNITED STATES: Events and Trends: Value of 1966 Catch is Near 1965 Record Situation and Outlook President Johnson Signs Fish Protein Con- centrate Bill October Wholesale Prices and Indexes for Edibles Industrial Fishery Products: pee Meal Supply is Up 7.6%. Solubles Down 13% U.S. and World Fish Meal Situation and Outlook Shrimp Imports Rise 5.2% Can Shipments for Fishery Products Increase Defense Department Changes Finfish Pur- chases Canned Salmon on USDA'S ''Plentiful List" Marketing: Survey Shows Fish Products More Popular Bluefin Fishery Sets Record Albacore Season Nears Record in Northwest But Poor in California 1965 Great Lakes Landings Same as 1964 Spacecraft May Help Increase Fish Catch TV Camera Shows Tests at 45,000 Feet "Aluminaut'' Recovers Instruments From Ocean Bottom 1967 Small Boats Better Equipped, Says Coast Guard States: California: Anchovy Landings Total 2,500 Tons Louisiana: 1965 Landings Hit Record High Maryland: Ancient Oyster Shells Found Michigan: EDA Processing Plant Completed Meal Plant Planned Federal Aid Project Productive in Missouri North and South Dakota: Estimate Fish in Oahe Reservoir Oregon: Willamette Chinook Set Record Coho Catch in Columbia is Best Since 1929 Seeks to Establish Sockeye Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Programs: North Pacific Fishery Investigations: Results of Salmon Research Cruises, Summer 1966 Alaska Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development: R/V ''Sablefish'' Continues Gear Studies on Shrimp Trawls Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: "Cromwell" Studies Sonar Techniques to Track Tuna Great Lakes Fisheries Explorations: "Clifford" Aids Lake Superior Fisheries Inland Fisheries Explorations and Gear De- velopment: "Hiodon" Continues Oahe Reservoir Studies Gulf Fisheries Explorations and Gear De- velopment: "Bowers" Electric Shrimp Trawls Are Successful Attraction of Anchovies to Light Studied Page 20.. 43 UNITED STATES(Contd.): Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Program (Contd.): North Atlantic Fisheries Explorations and Gear Development: "Delaware" Seeks Industrial Fish on Georges Bank South Atlantic Fisheries Investigations and Gear Development: "Oregon" Studies Availability of Swordfish and Bottomfish Tropical Atlantic Fisheries Investigations: R/V "Undaunted" Visits Recife California's ''Scofield'' Samples Coastal Shrimp New BCF Film Honored Boston Trawlers Improve Fish Handling Methods Auke Bay Biologists Successfully Transplant Salmon Cooked Salmon, Stored Then Warmed, Be- comes Rancid Quickly Identify Cause of 'MSX" Disease Chinese A-Blasts Affect Oysters Analyze King Crab Data Combine Heat and Irradiation to Pasteurize Dungeness Crab Meat Conduct Time-Temperature Studies of Salm- onella in Fish Meal Irradiate Mackerel to Study Vietnamese Food Galveston Studies Distribution and Abundance of Shrimp Larvae Shrimp Cultivated in Artificial Ponds Studies Life History of Pink Shrimp Off Florida Method Found to Peel Pink Shrimp Lake Trout Thrive on Alewives Tagged Seal Pups Weigh Less Than Untagged Sealskin Prices Are Down Workshop Discusses Swordfish and Tuna Longlining Lends Gear for Winter Hake Fishery Keel Laid for BCF Exploratory Vessel Dr. J. L. McHugh Named BCF Acting Deputy Director Federal Actions: Department of the Interior: Fisheries Loan Fund Has Provided Nearly $22 Million Fishing Vessel Mortgage Insurance Program Fishing Vessel Construction Differential Subsidy Subsidies Help Build Stern Trawlers First Anadromous Fish Funds Awarded Sets New Permit Obligation for Seismic Work Department of Commerce: Loans $30.5 Million to Fisheries in 1965 Aids Construction of California Mooring Basin Plans Expansion of Foreign Trade Reports Its Survey of Canned Foods to Include Fish. Vessel Owners to be Asked for More Infor- mation FEATURES: Hard Clam Explorations Off Southeastern United States Trends in Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Trawling Fleet Index continued page 82. 82 Page 47 47 47 48 48 60 60 INDEX (CONTINUED) INTERNATIONAL: Japan and South Korea Hold Fishery Talks Northwest Pacific Fisheries Convention: Japan to Renegotiate Treaty with USSR North Pacific Fishery Convention: Japanese Official Discusses its Renegotia- tion with Canada and U. S. Fish Meal: World Production January-July 1966 is 11% Above 1965 Period OECD: Fisheries Committee Meets Oceanography: 3 Nations Conduct Research World Network Provides Weather Information to Mariners FOREIGN: Canada: Landings Are Down But Value Up Slightly Considers Limiting Salmon Fleet Size Herring Fishermen Ask Higher Ex-Vessel Prices Two Atlantic Crab Species Show Promise Latin America: Mexico: Plans Shrimping Expansion in Internation- al Waters Gulf Shrimp Fishermen Win Improved Contract Cuba: Plans to Expand State-Owned Fleet Soviet Fishery Specialists Visit Brazil: Mobile Fish Markets Are Successful Japanese Whaling to Increase Off Brazil Ecuador: Tuna Cannery Ceases Operations Peru: Fish Meal Production and Supplies are High Europe: USSR: 1965 Fish Meal Production is High But Below Needs Doubles Exports to Japan in 1965 Whale Products Exported to Japan Sells Alaska Pollock to Japan for Fish Meal Murmansk Fisheries Are Expanding New Stern Trawlers Reach Pacific Fleet Flagship Returns From Northeastern Pacific Pacific Squid Fishery is Productive Fishing in Barents Sea is Poor Capelin Stocks in Barents Sea Are Large Research Vessel Visits Australia Conducts Herring Research in Bering Sea Vessels Return From Pacific Research Cruise Denmark: Date of Production to be Required on "Semipreserved"' Fish Products East Germany: Begins Fishing on Northwest Atlantic's Georges Bank Iceland: Sets Ex-Vessél Prices for Shrimp, Cod, Haddock, Herring Fishery Products Exports Present Uneven Picture Reports Landings by Principal Species, January-March 1965 & 1966 Page FOREIGN (Contd.): Europe (Contd.): Iceland (Contd.): How Fish Were Used Labor-Saving Machinery Meets Need Italy: Duty-Free Frozen Tuna Quota Change Sought Frozen Tuna Market Improves Portugal: Canned Fish Pack and Exports Drop Spain: Revises Label Rules for Imported Foods United Kingdom: Firm Freezes Price for Cod Fillets Asia: Japan: Imports of Marine Products are Rising Employment Drops in Fishing Industry Catches of Squid, Mackerel, and Saury Decline Factoryships Returning From Eastern Bering Sea Fish Meal Factoryship Completes North Pacific Operation 1966 Whale Catch in North Pacific Was Good Exports 1; Million Canned Tuna in Oil and Specialty Packs Exports of Fresh and Frozen Tuna Decline Exports of Canned King Crab Good But Supplies Inadequate Fish Oil Production Up in 1965 Export Price is Up for Canned Shrimp Salmon Roe Prices Drop Exports of Canned King Crab to United Kingdom Drop U.S. Market for Canned Tuna Weakens Canned Saury to be Sold to United States Hake Gaining Consumer Acceptance To Cultivate Pearls in Fiji Islands Joint Whaling Venture With Norway Under Wa Hokkaido is Rebuilding Salmon Runs Communist China Fisheries Team Visits Imports From Chine Rose in 1965 Republic of Korea: Report on Tuna Fleet Norway and Netherlands Promise Credits Negotiates for Second Fishery Loan From Italian-French Consortium Fishery Exports Are Rising Vessel Returns From North Pacific Survey India: Soviet Union Aids Fisheries Micronesia: New Tuna Vessel Launched Solomon Islands: New Company to Exploit Spiny Lobster Africa: South Africa: Reduces New Transshipping Levy Factoryship Success Inspires New Venture Proposes International Conference Midyear Fishing Trends Shoal Fish Catch Drops in First-Half 1966 South-West Africa: Pilchard Factories Reaching Quotas “PUBLICATIONS: Fish and Wildlife Service Miscellaneous UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY STANLEY A. CAIN, ASSISTANT SECRETARY, FISH AND WILDLIFE AND PARKS CLARENCE F, PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER, FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE WAONIA £ fronuTuUcO ArTINR NI operTnD PACKED UNDER CONTINUOUS INSPECTION OF TH \ U.S. DEPARTMENT eg OF THE INTERIORS Ci OMMERCIAL FISHERIES Review Index for 1966 evolume 28 « Production Manager and Associate Editor: Jean Zalevsky Editorial Assistants: Alma Greene Mary Andrews Compositor: Mary Donaldson An index of Volume 28, Numbers 1 through 12, issued in 1966. It is a subject index, with an author index for only the feature articles in each monthly issue. Indexing of other mater- ial is based on the principal subject with some cross-reference. The use of " "in en- tries denotes the omission (repetition) of the major subject heading which appears in ALL CAPS. Actions in Congress affecting or of interest to commercial fisheries are indexed only once by subject under the general heading: ''CONGRESS, EIGHT Y-NINTH (Second Session)", i.e., there is no cross-reference indexing of those entries. Publications listed in the ''Recent Fishery Publications" section have not been indexed. Use of funds for printing this publication was approved by the Director, Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. 1966 Index COMMEKCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1 INDEX TO VOLUME 28 (NUMBERS 1 - 12 INCLUSIVE)--1966 The reference gives the month and the page number. ABALONE California observations and growth studies (M/V "Mollusk"); Feb. p. 14,| Apr. p. 21, Aug. p. 20. Mexico development potential in Baja California; Sept. p. 66. ADEN Purse-seiner ("Federal Star I") new steel, leads the way to modernization; Feb. p. 50. Trends, fishery, in 1965 and outlook for 1966; June p. 53. AFRICA, WEST Japan: trawlers, , change fishing policy; Mayp. 57. tuna: purse seine: Atlantic Ocean effort increased; Mar. p. 56. mothership test fishing off ; Apr. p. 61, May p. 51. Romanian Atlantic trawling operations shifted to coast; Feb. p. 80. AGAR-AGAR Plant to move from Tangier (Morocco); June p. 78. Process plans by joint Argentine-Japanese firm; Apr. p. 53. AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF Pesticide residues in soil, p. 101. Salmon, canned, ''Plentiful List,'' on; Dec. p. 6. to monitor; Jan. AIR-BUBBLE CURTAIN Barrier to alewives, evaluation of the Sept. p. 1. as a; AIRPLANE SPOTTING Cape Cod and Cape Hatteras, aerial survey of waters between; Sept. p. 32. ALABAMA Landings and fishery trends, 1965; Oct. p. 5. ALASKA Bear predation on salmon under study; Aug. p. 49. Bottomfish: explorations off southeast processing plant: Kodiak, planned at; Jan. p. 15. Seward, possibilities discussed; July p. 13. Chart, new, issued for southeast ; Sept. p. 24. Crab, king: catch, record, in 1965; May p. 18. Kodiak fishery; Mar. p. 18. processing plant, new, at Kodiak; Jan. p. 15. shipment, record; May p. 19. tagging program in Bering Sea and North Pacific; Oct. p. 6. trends; Feb. p. 12. vessel ("Peggy Jo"), new, enters fishery; July p. 14. workshop in Anchorage; Apr. p. 21, May p. 18. Cutter ("Confidence"), new, commissioned for duty; May p. 35. MOC pel Le ALASKA Denmark imports fishery products; July p. 13. Gear, preliminary studies concluded; Oct. p. 11. Gulf of ; Japanese: Bering Sea- fishing plans for 1966 in; Mar. p. 57. trawlers, stern, five, conduct winter operations in; Mar. p. 56. USSR shrimpfishing activity; Jan. p. 94, June p. 90. Herring-eggs-on-kelp fishery at Craig; July p. 13. Juneau to get cargo terminal; Nov. p. 9. Processing plants at Kotzebue and Golovin financed by SBA; July p. 14. Salmon: Auke Bay biologists successfully transplant; Dec. p. 20. canneries at peak activity in Kodiak; Oct. p. 6. pack highest since 1949; Nov. p. 9. pink, fishing excellent in southeastern p. 6. problems discussed of expanding logging industry on resources; July p. 13. research; Feb. p. 13. Scientists, fishery (American Institute of Fishery ; Oct. Research Biologists), organize in ; July p. 14. Seals, fur, prices for skins; Jan. p. 30, June p. 17. Shellfish, red color of, studied by laboratory; Apr. p. 89. Shrimp: behavior studies continued; June p. 7. explorations, 1962-64; Apr. p. 1. pink, fresh, peelability discussed; June p. 6. processed, large sizes, at Homer plant; Jan. p.15. Sitka to have new harbor; Mar. p. 17. Trawl that sorts shrimp and fish to be tested; Feb. p. 13. Unalaska, Dutch Harbor buildings made available by Navy at; July p. 13. USDI inspection of herring-eggs-on-kelp; June p. 6. Vessel: loan applications for; Jan. p. 101, Feb. p. 89, Mar. p. 72, Apr. p. 77, May p. 90, June p. 101, July p. 101, Aug. p. 82, Oct. p. 15, Dec. p. 30. taxation change proposed; Mar. p. 18. ALASKA FISHERIES EXPLORATIONS AND GEAR DEVELOPMENT Bottomfish explorations off southeast Alaska (M/V "Commando"); Oct. p. 11, Nov. p. 12. Gear preliminary studies concluded; Oct. p. 11. Shrimp: behavior trap studies completed; July p. 14. gear studies on trawls continued (R/V "Sablefish"'); Dec. p. 16. M/V "Little Lady": resources in Alaska southeastern waters sur- veyed; Aug. p. 15. vessel chartered for explorations; July p. 14. potential, large, of commercial fishery studied; Sept. p. 10. resources and gear efficiency studied (M/V "John R. Manning"); Mar. p. 18. ALASKA FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS Crab, king, tagging in Bering Sea and North Pacific; Oct. p. 11. ALASKA FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS (cont.) Salmon: egg survival rates may be improving; July p. 14. fry, food habits and behavior studied; Mar. p. 18. pink: fry, spawning channel survival encouraging; June p. 7. sculpin feed heavily on eggs; Jan. p. 16. red: eggs, earlier, require the most thermal units; June p. 6. survival rates, fresh-water, low in Karluk; Mar. p. 18. ALASKA, GULF OF (see ALASKA) ALEWIFE Air bubble curtain as a barrier to Sept. p. 1. Lake Michigan abundance, seasonal distribution, and spawning migrations studied (M/V ''Kaho"’); June p. 18, Aug. p. 29. Trout, lake, thrive on; Dec. p. 28. evaluated; ALGAE Produced from combination of salt water and sew- age; Feb. p. 105. AMBERGRIS Prized but hard to sell; Apr. p. IV AMERICAN FISHERIES ADVISORY COMMITTEE Meeting: San Pedro, Calif.,|4-day, recommendations at; Jan. p. 16. Washington, D. C., 21st annual, held in; Julyp.15. AMERICAN SAMOA Tuna: albacore, South Pacific long-line fishery, 1954- 64; July p. 9.\ fleet status; Jan. p. 16, June p. 7. landings, Jan.-Apr. 1966; Sept. p. 46. vessels, refrigerated, South Korea assigned to ; Aug. p. 65. ANADROMOUS FISH ACT OF 1965! Funds, awarded, first; Dec. p. 31. Michigan lawmakers seek funds under ; May p. 27. National fishery program; Jan. p. 48, May p. 34, July p. 105, Oct. p. 16. ANCHOVIES California: experimental fishery; Feb. p. 13, June p. 7. landings total 2,500 tons; Dec. p. 11. proposals, fishing, reset for consideration by State Fish and Game Commission; Jan. p. 22. reduction fishery for 1966 closes; July p. 16. regulations set; Oct. p. 8. tagging program for Chile: conservation program, inauguration of; June p. 59. conducted; June p. 8. fish meal plant, reappearance of prevents closure of; June p. 59. Peru: catch; May p. 65. resource Situation, fish meal and , early May 1966, July p. 87. ANGLER FISH Rare species caught off California coast; Dec. p. 52. ANGOLA Foreign investments in fishing industry; Sept. p. 47. Government fishery activities; Sept. p. 47. South African fishing firms in , government regulations discourage; June p. 53. ANIMAL FEEDING Swine grow faster when fish meal is added to diet; Feb. p. 21. ANTARCTIC Biological study; Apr. p. 31. Japan: trawl fishing, exploratory, in southern latitudes (southeastern coast of South America); Apr. p. 63. whale; d oil sale contracted; May p. 56. survey, joint, in planned; Nov. p. 42. whaling operations and outlook for 1965/66 season; Jan. p. 84. Marine scientist studies squid and octopod; Apr. p. 32. Seal, , "language" studied and recorded in underwater chamber; Jan. p. 122. USSR: krill fishery experimental; July p. 94. whaling season, 1965/66; Mar. p. 70. Whale quotas set for 1966/67 season; Oct. p. 35. AQUATIC WEEDS Israeli carp for control of in ponds; May p.IV. ARCTIC Oceanography, boundary between and North Atlantic Oceans surveyed (U. S. Coast Guard Cut- ter Evergreen"); Feb. p. 32. ARCTIC OCEAN Salmon, Japanese firm explores for; Aug. p. 63. ARGENTINA Agar-agar, plans to process by Japanese- joint firm; Apr. p. 53. Crab fishing potential; May p. 42. Fishing industry trends, 1964 and first half of 1965; Mar. p. 41. Frozen fish industry; May p. 42. Marketing survey, fishery, Japanese help requested to make; Apr. p. 53. Tuna: enterprise, joint Japanese- je eDsep-node fisheries, 1960-1964; Aug. p. 52. ARIZONA Trout, ,» program to save; May p. 98. ARTIFICIAL REEFS Junk cars proven effective snOct. pao ATKINSON, CLINTON E. Attaché, new fishery, appointed to Tokyo post; July p. 104. ATLANTIC COAST Chart, nautical, list for ; Feb. p. 25. Fossils, rare, dredged off ; Nov. p. 28. Oyster industry aided; Oct. p. 15. ATLANTIC OCEAN Canadian conference on offshore fishing vessels; Jan. p. 69. Germany, East, fishery research in Northwest ; May p. 48. Israel tuna fishing activity; Apr. p. 59. Japan: exploratory fishing in northern waters; Sept. p. 63. tuna: market and fishing trends; Jan. p. 77. purse-seined in eastern by; Oct. p. 45. Koreans to be used by U. S. canner to fish tuna in South ; Sept. p. 65. Poland, trends, northwest fishery; Jan. p. 91. Romania: "Galati": discontinues fishing (and sistership ''Constanta"') in northwest ; Mar. p. 67. returns from Georges Bank off New England; Nov. p. 41. Signals, fishing, used by Spanish pair trawlers in northwest ; June p. 86. Tuna fisheries, 1963; May p. 1. USSR: fishery research in northwest sedunesp. 9). herring purse seining in north ; May p. 78. moves to exploit southwest fisheries; Oct. p. 41. AUSTRALIA Canadian fisheries trade mission to and New Zealand; May p. 44. Coral Sea survey, joint, under way by the Royal Naval Experimental Laboratory and U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office; Nov. p. 36. Exports: fishery trends; Feb. p. 51. groundfish by Canada; Mar. p. 45. Fisheries development project announced in western ; July p. 62. Japan: exploratory fishing; May p. 56, Sept. p. 63. shrimp fishing; Sept. p. 63. tuna fishing; May p. 51. Lobster, spiny, production drops in FY 1964/65; Jan. p. 66, Philippine fish farm development program to be financed by group; Feb. p. 79. Shrimp: survey off New Guinea, results of; Jan. p. 67. trends, FY 1964/65; Jan. p. 66. Tuna: catch, 1965/66 season; Aug. p. 53. season short in New South Wales; June p. 53. USSR, ''Akademik Berg," research vessel visits; Dec. p. 58. AUSTRIA BCF Trade Promotion Office, international, com- pletes its first full year at fall fair in Vienna; Nov. p. 19. AUTHORS AND TITLES BAKKALA, RICHARD: Salmon Research Cruises Planned for Summer 1966; July p. 40. BARNETT, HAROLD J. (and Richard W. Nelson and John A. Dyer): Pacific Hake (Merluccius productus) as Raw Ma- terial for a Fish Reduction Industry; May p. 12. AUTHORS AND TITLES CAIN, STANLEY A., DR.: Estuaries: A Neglected Resource ‘Complex; Oct. p. 27. CUMMINS, ROBERT, JR.: Hard-Clam Explorations Off Southeastern United States; Dec. p. 33. DOW, R. L.: Method of Forecasting the Relative Abundance of Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis Kr.) in Maine Waters, A; Mar.p. 14. DYER, JOHN A. (and Richard W. Nelson and Harold J. Barnett): Pacific Hake (Merluccius productus) as Raw Ma- terial for a Fish Reduction Industry; May p. 12. FAHY, WILLIAM E.: Species Composition of the North Carolina Indus- trial Fish Fishery; July p. 1. FLOYD, HILTON M.: Wade Seine Construction and Method of Use; Jan. p. 8. GNAEDINGER, R. H. (and R. A. Krzeczkowski): Heat Inactivation of Thiaminase in Whole Fish; Aug. p. 11. GORDON, WILLIAM G. (and George A. Kupfer): Evaluation of the Air Bubble Curtain as a Barrier to Alewives, An; Sept. p. 1. GUTHRIE, JAMES F,: Channel Net for Shrimp in North Carolina, The; Nov. p. 24. HIGH, WILLIAM L.: Trawl Cod-End Closing Device--Equipment Note No. 19; Mar. p. 16. HILL, WILMA §S, (and J. Perry Lane and Robert J. Learson): Identification of Species in Raw Processed Fishery Products by Means of Cellulose Polyacetate Strip Electrophoresis; Mar. p. 10. JUHL, ROLF: Experimental Fish Trawling Survey Along the Florida West Coast; June p. 1. Trends in Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Trawling Fleet; Dec. p. 43. KRZECZKOWSKI, R. A. (and R. H. Gnaedinger): Heat Inactivation of Thiaminase in Whole Fish; Aug. p. 11. KUPFFER, GEORGE A, (and William G. Gordon): Evaluation of the Air Bubble Curtain as a Barrier to Alewives, An; Sept. p. 1. LANE, J. PERRY (and Wilma S. Hill and Robert J. Learson): Identification of Species in Raw Processed Fishery Products by Means of Cellulose Polyacetate Strip Electrophoresis; Mar. p. 10. LARSON, CHARLES C. (and Clyde S. Sayce): Willapa Oyster Studies--Use of the Pasture Harrow for the Cultivation of Oysters; Oct. p. 21. LEARSON, ROBERT J. (and J. Perry Lane and Wilma S. Hill): Identification of Species in Raw Processed Fishery Products by Means of Cellulose Polyacetate Strip Electrophoresis; Mar. p. 10. McKERNAN, DONALD L.: Industrial Fisheries of Tomorrow--Charting the Course, The; Aug. p. 1. NELSON, RICHARD W., (and John A. Dyer and Harold J. Barnett): Pacific Hake (Merluccius productus) as Raw Ma- terial for a Fish Reduction Industry; May p. 12. AUTHORS AND TITLES (cont.) OTSU, TAMIO: South Pacific Long-Line Fishery for Albacore Tuna, 1954-64; July p. 9. PARKER, PHILLIP S.: Ocean Clam Survey Off U. S. Middle Atlantic Coast--1963; Mar. p. 1. PATASHNIK, MAX: New Approaches to Quality Changes in Fresh Chilled Dressed Halibut; Jan. p. 1. PROSS, THOMAS (and Edward A. Schaefers): Third Technical Meeting on Fishing Boats; Aug. Dp: 9. RATHJEN, WARREN F. (and Mitsuo Yesaki): Alaska Shrimp Explorations, 1962-64; Apr. p. 1. REIGLE, NORMAN J., JR.: Trawl Cod-End Mesh Size Selectivity Toward Yellow Perch in Lake Erie; Feb. p. 1. RIVERS, J. B.: Gear and Technique of the Sea Bass Trap Fishery in the Carolinas; Apr. p. 15. Nekton Ring Net Sampler for Use Aboard Oceano- graphic Research Vessels, A--Equipment Note No. 18; Feb. p. 9. ROTHSCHILD, BRIAN J.: Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Resources of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; Feb. p. 6. SAYCE, CLYDE S. (and Charles C. Larson): Willapa Oyster Studies--Use of the Pasture Harrow for the Cultivation of Oysters; Oct. p. 21. SCHAEFERS, EDWARD A. (and Thomas Pross): Third Technical Meeting on Fishing Boats; Aug. p. 5. SHOMURA, RICHARD S.: Atlantic Tuna Fisheries, 1963; The; May p. 1. WIGLEY, ROLAND L.: Rare Fossils Dredged Off Atlantic Coast; Nov. p. 28. WILLIAMS, AUSTIN B.: Technical Note No. 2--An Inexpensive Scallop Cleaner Built from Spare Parts; Jan. p. 12. YESAKI, MITSUO (and Warren F. Rathjen): Alaska Shrimp Explorations, 1962-64; Apr.p.1. BAIT Canada (Newfoundland) service expands; Nov. p. 45. Live vending machine patented; July p. 31. Long-line machine developed in Norway; Mar. p. 65. Tank, submergible floating, patented; Nov. p. 4. Tuna, live- distribution and biology studies in Tropical Atlantic (R/V ''Geronimo"); Apr. p. 38, July p. 48; and R/V ''Undaunted", July p. 50. BARBADOS Fishery landings and trends, 1965; Sept. p. 49. Fishing activity, 1965; July p. 62. Tuna fishery, 1965, status of; Apr. p. 54. BARENTS SEA USSR: capelin stocks found large in SeDECyp 0G. deep-water trawling in; Jan. p. 95. poor fishing in ; Dec. p. 58. BASS Raising and frogs, method patented for; Nov. p. 4. BEAR(S) Salmon, redation on, under study i . Aue aos p y in Alaska; BEHAVIOR Tuna, yellowfin, hearing ability and studied; Aug. p. 22. BERING SEA Crab, king: canned production from eastern 3; May p. 77. Japanese mothership licensed to operate in 8 May p. 54. tagging in and North Pacific; Oct. p. 11. U. S. catch increases; Apr. p. 21. Japan: pacer yenive returning from eastern ; Dec. p. 63. fishing plans for 1966 in -Gulf of Alaska; Mar. p. 57. trends, fishing; Jan. p. 82. USSR: exploratory fishing in northern. ; Aug. p. 75. herring research conducted; Dec. p. 58. refrigerator fleet; May p. 80. resources, large, found in 3; Oct. p. 41. shrimp catch plans, 1966; May p. 77. BERMUDA USSR fishing base possibility studied onislands; July p. 63. BLACK QUAHOG(S) (see CLAMS) BLOCK ISLAND SOUND Chart, new, issued for ; Aug. p. 36. Tidal current tables, new, issued for ; Aug. p. 36. BOATS (see VESSELS) BOTTOMFISH Alaska: explorations off southeast; Oct. p. 11. processing plant: Kodiak, planned at; Jan. p. 15. Seward possibilities discussed; July p. 13. Japan exploring resource off East Africa; Aug. p. 63. M/V "Commando" surveys for ; Nov. p. 12. M/V "Oregon" studies availability of and swordfish; Dec. p. 22. South America, distribution off; July p. 61. BRAZIL Catfish for sale; Nov. p. 52. Code, fisheries, changes in proposed; Feb. p. 52. Decree, new, encourages fishery development; Sept. p. 49. Fleet, fishing, started by Belem packing firm; June p. 53. Japanese whaling increased off ; Dec. p. 55. Law, basic fisheries, drafts revision of; Nov. p. 52. Mobile fish markets are successful; Dec. p. 54. Oceanography, national commission established; Feb. p. 52. Shrimp, frozen, shipped to U. S. from new proc- essing firm; Mar. p. 43. Tuna fishery developments, 1965; Mar. p. 44. "Undaunted" (R/V) visits Recife; Dec. p. 22. Vessel, oceanographic, new, tobe launched in 1967; Aug. p. 53. BRAZIL (cont.) Whaling Commission, International, to with- draw from; Mar. p. 41. BRITISH COLUMBIA (see CANADA) BRISTOL BAY USSR flounder explorations in ; Mar. p. 69. BULGARIA Fishery trends; May p. 43. Imports of Greek fishery products; Aug. p. 54. Trawlers: built for domestic and Soviet fisheries; Feb. p. 52. exported to USSR; Mar. p. 45. BURUNDI Fishery developments 1965; Sept. p. 48. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES (see COM- MERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF) BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE (see SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, BUREAU OF) BURMA USSR ends joint fishery research with p. 43. ; May BUSINESS AND DEFENSE SERVICES ADMINISTRA- TION Radiation preservation of food is gaining; Mayp. 108. CALIFORNIA Abalone observations and growth studies (M/V "Mollusk"'); Feb. p. 14, Apr. p. 21, Aug. p. 20. Anchovies: experimental fishery; Feb. p. 13, June p. 7. landings total 2,500 tons; Dec. p. 11. proposals, fishing, consideration by State Fish and Game Commission reset; Jan. p. 22. reduction fishery for 1966 closes; July p. 16. regulations set; Oct. p. 8. tagging program conducted; June p. 8. Artificial reefs, junk cars proven effective as; Oct. p. 55. Biological studies, various species of fish collected ("N. B. Scofield"); Aug. p. 17. Biologists, employment opportunities with Department of Fish and Game for; Jan. p. 23. Crabs: Dungeness, abundance and condition surveyed prior to open season; Feb. p. 15, Mar. p. 22. tagged (M/V ''Nautilus"); Nov. p. 17. Halibut tagging and related studies; Jan. p. 17. Marine life explorations off Santa Catalina Island (M/V "Nautilus"); Jan. p. 21. Mooring basin, Economic Development Administra- tion aids construction of; Dec. p. 31. Oceanography: buoy system, deep-water, implanted off coast for studies; July p. 42. studies in coastal waters (M/V "'N. B. Scofield"); Aug. p. 18. Pelagic fish population survey (M/V ''Alaska"); Jan. p. 18, Mar. p. 19, July p. 16, Aug. p. 19, Oct. p-.6: Rare species (angler fish and whale fish) caught off coast; Dec. p. 52. Resources, marine, notes for 1965; Apr. p. 22. CALIFORNIA Rockfish species collected for biological studies (M/V "N. B. Scofield"); Jan. p. 17. Salmon, Iron Gate Hatchery, accepts; Mayp.19. Sea otter population determined by census; Aug. p. 22. Shrimp: northern Oct. p. 6. resources in coastal waters, survey continued (M/V "N. B. Scofield"); Mar. p. 21, Aug. p. 18, Dec. p. 22. Tuna: albacore: landings down in , up in Oregon; Oct. p. 8. migration studies (M/V "'N. B. Scofield''); Jan. p. 16. season nears record in Northwest, but poor in SeDECTEDentls U.S. Pacific coast fishing season for 1965 ends; Feb. p. 38. bluefin, record season for; Nov. p. 7. Vessel, fishing, loan applications for; Feb. p. 89, Mar. p. 72, May p. 90, June p. 101, Aug. p. 82, Nov. p. 22, Dec. p. 30. , 1966 fishing season closes off; CAMERA (see UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHY) CANADA Australia, groundfish exports to; Mar. p. 45. British Columbia: herring meal, bulk handling tested; June p. 59. landings, 1965; Apr. p. 55. licensing system: amendment of, for commercial fisheries planned in; Feb. p. 54. new, for fishermen and vessels; Apr. p. 56. pumps to unload salmon developed; June p. 57. salmon catch good in mid-July; Oct. p. 50. Conference on Atlantic offshore fishing vessels; Jan. p. 69, Feb. p. 53. Conservation and protection service, new, Federal Department of Fisheries sets up; Feb. p. 53. Crab(s): rock, show promise; Dec. p. 51. spider or ''queen,'' show promise; Dec. p. 51. Development program for fisheries in Newfoundland and Labrador, federal-provincial; Apr. p. 54. Economic aid, Federal Department of Fisheries set up new office to administer; Mar. p. 46. Emergency assistance by Government for catch failure; Feb. p. 52, Mar. p. 46. Federal subsidy, proposed increase to 50 percent for Atlantic inshore vessels; July p. 64. Fisheries trade mission to Australia and New Zealand; May p. 44. Fish handling at sea, program to improve; June p. 57. Fresh-water: exports, fish, to Europe, firm promotes; Aug. p. 54. institute, fisheries, established at Winnepeg; Sept. p. 50. Gaspe Peninsula processing complex planned; June p. 50. Gulf of St. Lawrence, look for herring in; Oct. p. 49. Herring: British Columbia fishery labor: dispute settled; Feb. p. 55. negotiations; Jan. p. 68. exvessel prices, fishermenaskhigher; Dec. p. 51. Industrial products production, use, andforeign trade, August 1964-July 1965 with comparisons; Feb. p. 56. CANADA (cont.) Insurance for fish traps and shore installations; Mar. p. 46. Landings: annual, 1965; June p. 55. first-half 1966; Nov. p. 44. Lobster(s): Denmark, airfreighted to; Mar. p. 46. Newfoundland fishermen to be compensated for storm losses; Aug. p. 54. Northumberland Strait, fishing controls experi- ments in; Sept. p. 50. Nova Scotia fishermen receive government aid for storm damage; Jan. p. 68. splitting machine developed; Mar. p. 45. Montreal, Atlantic Offshore Fishing Vessel Con- ference forecast catch expansion; June p. 53. New Brunswick: Atlantic Herring Fishery Conference held in Fredericton; May p. 43, July p. 64. fisheries development projects for 1966; Mayp. 43. fish-processing plant to be built in Shippigan; Jan. p. 69. herring reduction plant, new, in lower Caraquet; Apr. p. 54. tuna cannery being built between St. Andrews and St. Stephen; Mar. p. 45. Newfoundland: bait-holding units, fisheries aided by new; Jan. p. 69. bait service expands; Nov. p. 45. fish processing: community centers sponsored by Government; Feb. p. 53. plant, large, being built at Mortier Bay; Mar. p. 46. Japanese seek help to develop offshore fishery; Jan. p. 69. storm damage, government to help fishing industry repair; June p. 56. whaling, Japan studies potential; Mar. p. 59, May 44, Nova Scotia: chart, new, of fishing banks southeast of; Jan. p. 68. vessel, new fisheries patrol, forarea; Mayp. 44. Ontario's fishery research program on Lake Erie; Feb. p. 55. Per capita consumption of fishery products in- creases in 1964; May p. 43. Quebec's maritime fisheries, 1965; June p. 56. Regional Director of Fisheries in the Maritimes area appointed; July p. 64. Salmon: British Columbia canned pack, 1960-1964; Feb. p. 54. conference, Pacific, United States- Jan. p. 65, June p. 50, July p. 60. fleet size, limiting considered; Dec. p. 51. Scallop fishery does not interfere with lobster season in Northumberland Strait; July p. 64. Seaweed supplies may become low; Sept. p. 84. Splake brood stock from for Great Lakes plantings; Aug. p. 29. Swordfish, frozen, export validations to 5 Jan. p. 80, Feb. p. 67, May p. 54, June p. 73, July p. 80. Trade Commission Office opened in Far East (Kuala Lumpur, Malaya); Mar. p. 46. Trade mission, fisheries, visited Italy, Spain, and Portugal; Jan. p. 70. meetings; CANADA Treaty, North Pacific Fisheries, Japanese official discusses renegotiation with and U. S.; Dec. p. 47. United States: exports of fishery products to fishing off the coast of; June p. 56. USSR trawling fleet off British Columbia; Feb. p. 12. Whaling, Atlantic, studied with aid of Japanese ves- sel; July p. 66. Yellow perch: exvessel prices, tries to stabilize; Oct. p. 49. price support program for fishermen in Lake Erie area; Sept. p. 50. CANAL ZONE Manatees show promise as "weed controllers"; May p. 85. CANARY ISLANDS Fishery activities; May p. 44 Japan to establish rest home for fishermen at Las Palmas; Mar. p. 59. CANNED FISH Census Bureau survey of canned foods to include fish; Dec. p. 32. Defense supply agency planned Nov. p. 4. Japan, shrimp export price is up; Dec. p. 66. Moroccan canners complain about export controls; Mar. p. 61. Norway's exports; Feb. p. 79, Mar. p. 64. Philippines buy South African ; Mar. p. 66. Portugal exports and pack; Apr. p. 68, June p. 83, Dec. p. 61. Salmon, Pacific stocks; Jan. p. 46, Feb. p. 35, Apr. p. 36, May p. 31, June p. 30, July p. 43, Aug. p. 43. Veterans Administration estimated requirements for 1966; June p. 15. purchases; CANNERY Canada (New Brunswick) tuna Mar. p. 45. Ecuador tuna being built; ceases operation; Dec. p. 55. CANNING Cooking time, new process shortens; Aug. p. 100. Tangier cannery short of raw tuna for ; Feb. p. 75. CAN(S) Shipments for fishery products; Jan. p. 23, Feb. p. 16, Mar. p. 22, May p. 19, June p. 8, July p. 17, Aug. p. 22, Oct. p. 3, Nov. p. 4, Dec. p. 6. CAPELIN USSR finds stocks in Barents Sea are large; Dec. p. 58. CAPE VERDE ISLANDS Portugal tuna fishery, development plans for; Aug. p. 69. CARGO TERMINAL Juneau, Alaska, to get ; Nov. p. 9. CARIBBEAN AND TROPICAL ATLANTIC FISHERIES EXPLORATIONS Pump, fish, tested (M/V "'Oregon"); July p. 17. Shrimp trawl, electrical, efficiency testing continued ("George M. Bowers"); Nov. p. 13. , 1964; Jan. p. 50. CARIBBEAN AND TROPICAL ATLANTIC FISHERIES EXPLORATIONS (cont.) Trawling explorations in southern Caribbean (M/V "Oregon"); Jan. p. 23. i) USSR oceanographic research in the ; Mayp. 79. CAROLINE ISLANDS Japanese purse seiner (''Taikei Maru") to test fish for tuna in waters; Feb. p. 65. CARP Aquatic weeds in ponds, Israeli for control of; May p. IV. CATAMARAN Aluminum planned for ocean study; Dec. p. 42. USSR experimental trawler; June p. 91. CATFISH Brazil sells Pond-reared ; Nov. p. 52. has good market potential; June p. 15. CAVIAR Lumpsuckers, Baltic Sea, rich source of roe for ; Mar. p. 50. CENSUS, BUREAU OF THE Commercial fisheries 1963 census; June p. 35. Fish to be included in survey of canned foods; Dec. p. 32. Foreign trade statistical reports expansion planned; Dec. p. 32. CENTRAL PACIFIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS M/V ''Townsend Cromwell": Hawaiian Islands, research project conducted south of; June p. 9, Aug. p. 23. marine life behavior and related biological obser- vations; Jan. p. 26. sonar: gear installed; July p. 21. subsurface tuna locating studies; Sept. p. 10. track technique studies; Dec. p. 17. submarine tested in underwater research; Jan. p. 27. trade wind zone studies continued; June p. 10. Tuna: = albacore, record size fish caught off Hawaii; Feb. Dado. bigeye, rare, found off Hawaii; Oct. p. 11. biological studies continued ("Charles H. Gilbert"); Apr. p. 22, May p. 19, June p. 11, July p. 20, Sept. p. 12. function of dark and light muscle studied; Jan. p. 25. skipjack: forecast for summer 1966 Hawaiian fishery; July p. 19. huge potential seen; June p. 8. yellowfin, behavior and hearing ability studied; Aug. p. 22. CHARTS, NAUTICAL Alaska, southeast, new, issued; Sept. p. 24. Atlantic and Gulf coastal waters, catalog listing of; Feb. p. 25. Block Island Sound, new, issued; Aug. p. 36. Canada, Nova Scotia, banks southeast of, new; Jan. p. 68. Chesapeake Bay, new, issued for; Sept. p. 23. CHARTS, NAUTICAL India's west coast, of; June p. 70. Long Island and Block Island Sounds, new tidal cur- rent tables issued; Aug. p. 36. Mariners warned of damage in commercial fishing techniques by U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office; Nov. p. 36. Pacific coastal waters, catalog listing of; June p. 24. to be published by Norway CHESAPEAKE BAY Chart, nautical, new issued; Sept. p, 23. Croaker crop, frigid weather destroys; May p. 20. Oysters, seeded beds, EDA approved project to study; Apr. p. 35. Radioactive wastes in bottom deposits studied; June p. 12. CHILE Anchovy: conservation program, inauguration of; June p. 59. reappearance prevents closure of fish meal plant; June p. 59. Bottomfish distribution off , Peru, and Ecuador; July p. 61. Fishery trends, third quarter 1965; Jan. p. 70. Fish meal: industry, 1965, and future prospects; Apr. p. 56. production trends; July p. 66, Sept. p. 50, Oct. p. 50, Nov. p. 48. Fish oil production trends; Sept. p. 50, Oct. p. 50, Nov. p. 48. Fleet, fishing, a review of the; Nov. p. 51. Riches are just off coasts--but far from markets; Nov. p. 48. CHINA, COMMUNIST A-Blasts affect oysters; Dec. p. 26. Japan: fisheries team visits ; Dec. p. 68. shrimp transshipped from ; Oct. p. 45. Lobster fishing in East China Sea; Mar. p. 47. Pakistan (Karachi) trade fair, to include fish- ery products; Mar. p. 65. Private fisheries agreement, Japan- 8 meeting proposed October 1966 to discuss imple- mentation; Sept. p. 36. renegotiated, to be; Jan. p. 85. renewed; Mar. p. 60, June p. 74. Tuna fleet development begun; Oct. p. 46. Vessel, research, new ("'Tung Fang Hung"), built; Nov. p. 44. CHUB Lake Michigan seasonal distribution and abundance studies; Aug. p. 29. CLAM(S) Canned, import duties, Tariff Commission hearings on; Feb. p. 90, June p. 108, Sept. p. 80. Cleaned by radiation; Nov. p. 21. Hard explorations off southeastern United States; Dec. p. 33. Opener patented, combined oyster and 3; July p. 32. Razor wastage, Oregon 1967 crop endangered by; Oct. p. 9. Recipe-- -corn griddle cakes; May p. 11. Surt-357 al Atlantic survey (M/V ''Delaware"'); Mar. p. 28, Aug. p. 37, Nov. p. 14. CLAM(S) (cont.) Surf (cont.): U. S. Middle Atlantic Coast--1963, survey off; Mar. p. 1. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Buoy system, deep-water, implanted for ocean research off California coast; July p. 42. Catalogs/charts issued for: Alaska, southeast; Sept. p. 24. Atlantic and Gulf coastal waters; Feb. p. 25. Block Island Sound; Aug. p. 36. Chesapeake Bay; Sept. p. 23. Pacific coastal waters; June p. 24. Gulf Stream, year-long study of; Apr. p. 90. Tidal current tables, new, issued for Long Island and Block Island Sounds; Aug. p. 36. Undersea mountains discovered in Pacific; Mar. p. IV. Vessel(s): hydrographic, new (''George Davidson"), launched; June p. 27. research, new ("'Oceanographer"), delivered, commissioned, and sailed; Jan. p. 45, June p. 26, Sept. p. 29, Nov. p. 35. COAST GUARD, U. S. Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans, boundary between, surveyed (''Evergreen"); Feb. p. 32. Boats, 1967 small, better equipped says c Dec.p.1\0: Bulletin, safety, fishing vessel; May p. 39. Cutter ("Confidence"), new, commissioned for Alaska duty; May p. 35. Foreign fishing vessels within 200 miles of U. S. territorial waters, reports of; May p. 93. Inspection rules and regulations, navigation and vessel, hearing on proposed changes in; Mayp. 92. International fisheries treaties, enforcement of; Dec. p. 62. New England fishing fleet in 1965, assistance to; May p. 91. Signaling for small boats, manual distress; Oct. p. 34. COD Denmark -block industry is important U. S. supplier; Oct. p. 38. France holds international conference on industry; Feb. p. 45. 5 Iceland, prices, exvessel, set for shrimp, 5 haddock, and herring; Dec. p. 59. Norway trends; June p. 81, July p. 86. Portugal, modern vessel joins fleet; June p. 83. United Kingdom, prices, firm freezes for fillets; Dec. p. 62. CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION Expert Committee on Fish and Fishery Products to hold first meeting; Sept. p. 35. Third meeting of committee on food hygiene; Feb. p. 44, Aug. p. 50. COLD STORAGE Situation and outlook; Dec. p. 1. Mauritania plant, new; May p. 59. COLOMBIA Shrimp fishery, Buenaventura, 1965; July p. 66. Tuna enterprise, Japan- joint; Feb. p. 56, June p. 59. COLOR Shellfish, red of, studied by Alaskan laboratory; Apr. p. 89. COLUMBIA RIVER Fall fish runs excellent; Nov. p. 10. Indian fishery: clarification, commercial, sought on; June p. 13. surveyed; June p. 29. Salmon: chinook: fingerling liberation tied in with Bonneville hatch- ery exhibit; Aug. p. 41. "Operation Fin Clip" shows promising results; May p. 21. Perpetuation in new environment, study shows; Oct. p. 13. coho (silver):: catch is best since 1929 in; Dec. p. 13. "Operation coho" launched as part of hatchery evaluation study; June p. 13. sockeye, early season 1966 run better than expected; Sept. p. 12. Shad netting activities during 1966 season; Aug. p. 25. COLUMBIA RIVER FISHERY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Salmon, chinook, Yakima Indian Reservation in Washington, fingerling planted; Sept. p. 33. COMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF (see COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION; BUSINESS AND DEFENSE SERVICES ADMINISTRATION; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SERVICES ADMINISTRATION; and CENSUS, BUREAU OF THE) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF (also see INTERIOR, DEPARTMENT OF THE; and SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, BUREAU OF) Accommodations survey, fishing vessel; May p. 35. Anadromous fishery program: first funds awarded; Dec. p. 31. planned; May p. 35. regulations, new, proposed and clarified; July p. 105, Oct. p. 16. Anniversary, 95th, Udall congratulates Bureau on its; Apr. p. 78. Attachés, new fishery, appointed to Tokyo (C. E. Atkinson) and Copenhagen (A. M. Sandberg) posts; July p. 104. Director McKernan leaves for State Depart- ment November 1; Crowther his successor; Oct. p. 1. Distress signal (banner) recommended for fishing vessels; Nov. p. 18. Film, new, honored; Dec. p. 24. Fishing Fleet Improvement Act, federal subsidies for construction of new tuna vessels approved by ; July p. 103. Fish protein concentrate, legislative authority to build large-scale plant recommended by 8 June p. 16. Fur seals, Alaska skins, new proposals issued for improved processing techniques of; Jan. p. 29, Mar. p. 23. Interest rate on fishery loans raised to 6 percent; Oct. p. 14. International Trade Promotion, Office of: completed its first full year; Nov. p. 19. Hutchinson (Samuel J.) named to head; May p. 90. Laboratory dedicated in: Miami, tropical Atlantic biological; Feb. p. 17. Michigan, fishery research; July p. 23. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF (cont.) Lobster research in Boothbay Harbor; Nov. p.18. Oils, fish, scientists study why they become rancid; June p. 22. Oyster industry, Atlantic coast, aids; Oct. p. 15. Pacific Northwest, Johnson, Donald R., appointed Regional Director of; Aug. p. 85. Protein concentrate made from fish, Interior re- quests approval of; May p. 88. Recipe booklet, ("Fish and Shellfish Over the Coals"'), top honors go to ; Aug. p. IV. Safety bulletin, fishing vessel; May p. 39. Seattle technological laboratory, Steinberg (M. A.) appointed new director; Aug. p. 85. Shrimp, frozen raw breaded, U. S. standards, revised, requirements for condition of coating; Feb. p. 88, Apr. p. 77, June p. 102. Subsidy, fishing vessel construction differential, hearing on application for; Jan. p. 102. Tuna: economic study of fishing; June p. 34. Pacific fisheries, eastern regulations proposed; June p. 103. Yellowfin regulations, adopts; Oct. p. 15. Vessel, research (''Miller Freeman") launched; May p. 29. Whiting, frozen headless dressed, proposed stand- ards for grades of; July p. 101. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RESEARCH AND DEVEL- OPMENT ACT Connecticut oyster industry aided by Federal grant; Aug. p. 26. Federal aid for fishery projects provided under; May p. 86. June p. 100. Grant-in-aid funds apportioned to States for fiscal year 1967; Sept. p. 13. Louisiana oyster fishery, Federal aid authorized for hurricane damage to; Feb. p. 88. COMMUNIST CHINA (see CHINA, COMMUNIST) CONGRESS--EIGHTY-NINTH (First Session) Export Expansion Act; Mar. p. 75. Food Irradiation Program; Mar. p. 75. CONGRESS --EIGHTY-NINTH (Second Session) Alaskan salmon fishery; Apr. p. 79. Alewife explosion--Great Lakes; Sept. p. 81. Antidumping Act amendment; Feb. p. 90; Apr. p. 79, May p. 93. Budget; Mar. p. 73. Clean Rivers Restoration Act of 1966; Apr. p. 79, May p. 93. Colorado River storage project; Feb. p. 90. Commercial fishery resources survey; May p. 93, June p. 109, July p. 107, Aug. p. 85, Oct. p. 16. Committee membership--Merchant Marine and Fisheries; May pp. 93, 95. Commodity packaging and labeling; Feb. p. 90, Apr. p. 80, May p. 93, June p. 109, July p. 107, Aug. p. 86, Sept. p. 81, Oct. p. 16, Nov. p. 23. Consumer subcommittee, Senate Committee on Commerce; Sept. p. 81. Ecological research and survey; May p. 93, June p. 109. Election of Merchant Marine and Fisheries chair- man; Feb. p. 90. Environmental pollution; Aug. p. 86. CONGRESS--EIGHT Y-NINTH (Second Session) Estuarine areas--National system of estuarine areas; May p. 93, Aug. p. 86, Oct. p. 16. Estuarine investigation; June p. 109, July p. 108. Eulogy to Rep. H. C. Bonner; Feb. p. 90. Factory-fishing vessels; May p. 93, June p. 109. Federal medical-health appropriations FY 1966; May p. 94. Federal Water Pollution Control Act amendment; Feb. p. 90. Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act--Atomic Energy Commission--Federal Power Commission; June p. 109. Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act amendment-- Federally Licensed Projects (Effects on Fish and Wildlife; June p. 109, July p. 108. Fisheries; Apr. p. 80, June p. 110, July p. 108. Fisheries conference; Sept. p. 81. Fisheries--Oregon; May p. 94, June p. 110. Fisheries protection; Aug. p. 86. Fishermen's cooperative association bank; Oct. p.17. Fishermen's Protective Act amendment; July p. 108, Aug. p. 86. Fishermen's Protection Act revision; Sept. p. 81. Fishery conservation; July p. 108. Fishery jurisdiction; July p. 108. Fishery permit fees; Oct. p. 17. Fish hatcheries--Oregon; Apr. p. 80. Fishing limit of 12 miles; May p. 94, June p. 110, July p. 108, Aug. p. 86, Sept. p. 81, Oct. p. 17, Nov. p. 23. Fishing vessel construction; May p. 94. Fish protein concentrate; Nov. p. 23. Fish protein concentrate plants; Mar. p. 73, Apr. p- 80, May p. 94, June p. 110, July p. 109, Aug. p. 87, Sept. p. 81, Oct. p. 17. Food for peace message; Aug. p. 87. Food irradiation program; Mar. p. 73, Aug. p. 87. Food Marketing National Commission; Aug. p. 87. Food pasteurization, protein concentrate, and freeze- dry food processing; Feb. p. 91. Foreign fishing off U. S. Coast; July p. 109, Aug. p. 87%, Octapwid: Fur seal.conservation and Pribilof Islands Adminis- tration; Mar. p. 73, Apr. p. 80, May p. 94, June p. 110, July p. 109, Aug. p. 87, Oct. p. 18, Nov. p. 23. GATT trade center in Geneva; May p. 94. GATT trade negotiations; Aug. p. 88, Oct. p. 18. Great Lakes pollution; Sept. p. 82. Greek-Turkish Economic Report--Fisheries; July p. 109. Hull insurance for commercial fishing vessels of United States; May p. 94. Hudson River Restoration; May p. 95. ICNAF protocols; Aug. p. 88. Inland Great Lakes and western river rules for small vessels; Nov. p. 23. Interior Department Appropriations request FY 1967; May p. 95, June p. 110, July p. 109, Aug. p. 88. Interior nomination; Sept. p. 82. International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries; Sept. p. 82. Jellyfish-control elimination in coastal waters off U. S.; Sept. p. 82, Oct. p. 18, Nov. p. 23. Metric system study; Mar. p. 73, Apr. p. 80, Oct. p. 18. Minimum wage; May p. 95, July p. 110, Sept. p. 82, Oct. p. 18. Miscellaneous fisheries legislation; Sept. p. 82. 10 CONGRESS--EIGHTY-NINTH (Second Session) (cont.) National Sea Grant Colleges and Program Act of 1965; Mar. p. 73, May p. 95, June p. 111, July p. 111, Aug. p. 88, Sept. p. 82. National Water Commission Act; May p. 96, June p. 111, July p. 111, Aug. p. 88. Natural Resources Conference; May p. 96. Natural Resources Department; Mar. p. 73, Aug. p. 88. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Act amendment; Aug. p. 88. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Act of 1950; Feb.p. 91, Mar. p. 74. Ocean exploitation; Aug. p. 88. Oceanographic Agency or Council; May p. 96, June p. 111, July p. 111, Aug. p. 88. Oceanography; Feb. p. 91, Mar. p. 74, Apr. p. 80, June p. 111, July p. 112, Aug. p. 88, Sept. p. 83, Oct. p. 19. Oil pollution of the sea; Aug. p. 89, Sept. p. 83, Oct. p. 19. Oyster enemy--MSX; Mar. p. 74. Oyster planters loan; June p. 111, July p. 112. Pesticides; Aug. p. 89, Sept. p. 83. Pesticides standards of nonpersistence; Mar. p. 74. Planning - Programming -Budgeting System; June p. 111. President's Message--Trade Agreement; May p. 96. Research contracts; July p. 112, Oct. p. 19, Nov. p. 23. Rivers and harbors; Nov. p. 23. Salmon cannery--indebtedness of Angoon, Alaska; Mar. p. 74. Sea Grant Colleges; July p. 112, Aug. p. 89, Oct. p. 19, Nov. p. 23. Shrimp; Apr. p. 81. Small business disaster loans; Feb. p. 91. Soviets and the seas; Sept. p. 83. Soviet fishing trawlers in U. S. territorial waters; May p. 96, June p. 111. State Department--Special Assistance for Fisheries and Wildlife; June p. 112. State of the Union Message; Mar. p. 74. Supplemental appropriations FY 1966; Jan. p. 102. Supplemental appropriations 2nd, FY 1966, May p. 96, June p. 112, July p. 112. Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone Convention; July p. 112. Territorial waters extension; July p. 112. Trade agreement; July p. 112, Aug. p. 89. Trade Expansion Act amendment; Apr. p. 81, July p. 112. Trinity River and tributaries, Texas; Jan. p. 102. Umpqua Project, Oregon; Feb. p. 91. U. S. fishery industry review; Mar. p. 74. U. S. fishing boat seizures; Mar. p. 74. U. S. vessels fishing off foreign coasts; Julyp. 113. Vessel measurement; July p. 113, Aug. p. 89. Water pollution; Mar. p. 74, Apr. p. 81, May p. 96, June p. 112, Aug. p. 89, Sept. p. 83, Oct. p. 19, Nov. p. 23. Water Pollution Control Act amendment--vessel pollution control; Sept. p. 83. Water Pollution Control amendment; Mar. p. 75, June p. 112, July p. 113. Water pollution in U. S. navigable waters; June p. 112. Water Project Recreation Act; Mar. p. 75. CONGRESS--EIGHTY-NINTH (Second Session) Water resource proposals --feasibility investigations; Apr. p. 81, May p. 97, June p. 112, July p. 113, Aug. p. 89, Sept. p. 83, Oct. p. 19. Water resources research program; Sept. p. 83. Wetlands recreation area for Fish and Wildlife; Aug. p. 90. Willamette River project, Oregon; Feb. p. 91. World Hunger; Mar. p. 75, Apr. p. 81, May p. 97, June p. 112, July p. 113, Aug. p. 90, Sept. p. 83, Oct. p. 19. CONNECTICUT Oyster, Federal grant to aid industry; Aug. p. 26. CONSUMPTION Canadian of fishery products, per capita, increasés in 1964; May p. 43. France, campaign, promotional, urges increased fish ; Jan. p. 73. Situation and outlook; Dec. p. 1. U.S.: fish in 1965 highest in ten years; June p. 34. shrimp, more, eaten by; Apr. p. 37. CONTAINERS Air shipping fresh fish, study for; Oct. p. 1¢. Box, foam, for transporting live tropical fish; May p. 21. Floating plastic fish p. 65. tested in Norway; Mar. CONTINENTAL SHELF North Sea agreement between Britain and Denmark signed; June p. 48. CORAL SEA Survey, joint (Royal Australian Naval Experimental Laboratory and the U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office), under way; Nov. p. 36. CRAB(S) Argentine (centolla) fishing potential; May p. 42. Blue, South Carolina studies; Mar. p. 34. June p. 32. California's M/V "Nautilus" tags; Nov. p. 17. Canada, two Atlantic species show promise; Dec. p. 51. Christmas, enjoy the seafood shapes of; Dec. p. 80. Dungeness: California, abundance and condition surveyed prior to open season; Feb. p. 15, Mar. p. 22. meat, combine heat and irradiation to pasteurize; Dec. p. 26. Oregon catch, 1965/66 season; Sept. p. 30. Pacific Northwest coastal fishing season opens December 1, 1965; Feb. p. 16. Japanese exports, canned meat; Jan. p. 80, Feb.p. 66. King: Alaska: catch, record, in 1965; May p. 18. Kodiak fishery; Mar. p. 18. processing plant, new, planned for Kodiak; Jan. p. 15. shipment, record of; May p. 19. trends, fishery, November 1965; Feb. p. 12. vessel ("Peggy Jo''), new, enters fishery; July p. 14. workshop in Anchorage; Apr. p. 21, May p. 18. Bering Sea: eastern, production of canned; May p. 77. CRAB(S) (cont.) King (cont.): Bering Sea (cont.): tagging in North Pacific and; Oct. p. 11. U. S. catch increases; Apr. p. 21. data analyzed; Dec. p. 26. Japan: Bering Sea, eastern, mothership licensed to operate in; May p. 54. canned: exports good, but supplies inadequate; Dec. p. 65. exports to United Kingdom drop; Dec. p. 66. exports of to U. S. decline; Feb. p. 66. factoryship ("Kyowa Maru"), firm purchases cargo vessel for; Feb. p. 73. fishing trends; July p. 81. prices for 1966, domestic market; Sept. p. 61. Pacific, northwest, resource, Japan and USSR differ on status of; May p. 41. Meat, canned, Japanese exports; Sept. p. 61. USSR: semiautomatic production perfection.of; Oct. p. 42. United Kingdom firm contracts for canned meat and salmon; Jan. p. 98. line, claims CRAYFISH Louisiana, EDA approves study to help expand industry; Feb. p. 87. CROAKER Chesapeake Bay crop, frigid weather destroys; May p. 20. CROWTHER, HAROLD E. Director McKernan leaves BCF for State Depart- ment November 1; his successor; Oct. p. 1. CUBA Fishing fleet expanded; Oct. p. 50, Dec. p. 53. France, shellfish exports to; June p. 60. Havana fishing port; Apr. p. 57, June p. 60. Landings, fishery, in 1965; June p. 60. Lobster, spiny, landings and exports; Aug. p. 55. Morocco, fish meal imported from; May p. 46, June p. 60. Proposal on fishing rejected at conference; Feb. p. 47. Spain, trawlers and tuna vessels ordered from; Jan. p. 71. Sponge industry, plans for revival; Aug. p. 55. USSR: fishery specialists visit; Dec. p. 54. services fishing vessels; June p. 60. train fishermen; Mar. p. 47, Sept. p. 51. Ws Sb5 fishing off the coast of; Nov. p. 54. Vessel, fishing, under Soviet Master; Apr. p. 57. CUSTOMS, BUREAU OF Information, vessel owners to be asked for more; Dec. p. 32. USSR, inquiry instituted on fishery products im- ported from; June p. 108. CZECHOSLOVAKIA Icelandic trade agreement with East European Communist countries; June p. 70. 11 DAHOMEY, REPUBLIC OF Fishery developments, 1965; Sept. p. 51. Unlicensed foreign vessels, Government forbids trawling within 12-mile fishing limits by; Jan.p.71. DEFENSE, DEPARTMENT OF Finfish purchases, changes; Dec. p. 6. Inspection criteria for food establishments revised; Jan. p. 29. Subsistence Contractor Inspection Procedures Manual revised by ; Jan. p. 29. DELAWARE Clam, ocean, survey--1963; Mar. p. 1. "DELAWARE II" Keel laid for; Dec. p. 29. DENMARK Canada airfreights lobsters to ; Mar. p. 46. Catch and exports, fishery, 1965; Mar. p. 50. Caviar, lumpsuckers, Baltic Sea, rich source of roe for; Mar. p. 50. Cod-block industry is important U. S. supplier; Oct. p. 38. Copenhagen: fishery attaché (A. M. Sandberg), new, appointed to post; July p. 104. sealskins from Greenland auctioned in; June p. 67. Data, mid-year, made available; Oct. p. 38. Eels studies in the Sargasso Sea; Apr. p. 58. Esbjerg, international fisheries fair planned, 1968; Nov. p. 38. Exports, fishery: products and byproducts, Jan.-Sept.; Feb. p. 56. to all countries, Jan.-Mar. 1966; Aug. p. 55. Fishery trends; Jan. p. 71, July p. 67. Fishing limits, Nordic countries recommend new; Jan. p. 65. Fish meal: edible, odorless, tasteless, experimental production of; May p. 46. oil, and solubles production, 1964-65; export trends, 1965; Apr. p. 57. plant, small, for research use developed; June p. 67. Frozen fishery products: date marking of; Mar. p. 50. weight labeling requirements; Mar. p. 50. Germany, East: continues to buy fish; Mar. p. 51. sells fishing vessels to ; May p. 48, June p. 68. Groundfish shortages causing problems for some processors; July p. 57. Icing regulations for fish; Mar. p. 49. Imports of fishery products from Alaska; July p. 13. Landings, prices, processing, and foreign trade, fishery, in 1965 and outlook for 1966; June p. 60. Loan(s): fiscal 1965, Government; Mar. p. 50. vessel funds, fishing, nearly exhausted; Mar. p. 51. North Sea Continental Shelf agreement between Britain and signed; June p. 48. Oil and solids recovered from filleting and plant rinse water, modified method; July p. 67. Oysters, seed, Norway exported to France and Aug. p. 68. Poland may order fishing vessels from and East Germany; Jan. p. 92. 12 DENMARK (cont.) Prices, fish, exvessel, Nov. 1965; Mar. p. 51. Processors, fish, seek imported supplies; Mar. p.50. Salmon, Baltic Sea conservation agreement between , Sweden, and West Germany ratified; Mar. p. 40. "Semipreserved" fish products, date of production to be required; Dec. p. 59. Trout, pond: export prices: minimum asked; Apr. p. 57. set for live and iced to selected European coun- tries; Mar. p. 48. market trends in 1965 and outlook for 1966; May p. 46. Tuna industry trends; Mar. p. 47. USSR freezer-trawlers delivered by yard: "Priluki;" June p. 91. "Zapoljarnyj''; Feb. p. 83. ship- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (see INTERIOR, DEPARTMENT OF THE; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF; and SPORT FISHERIES AND WILD- LIFE, BUREAU OF) DISEASE Sea animals show resistance to; Jan. p. 121. DOLPHIN Recipe for delicious (ono ono mahimahi), June p. 124. USSR new law bans hunting; May p. 79. DYE Speckles, red, 800 miles of Missouri River; Nov. Dp. 6. EAST CHINA SEA Japanese whaling reactivated; Aug. p. 65. EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC (EASTROPAC) Oceanographer, research, named by Interior Dept. to coordinate expedition in ; Sept. p. 29. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION Crayfish industry, Louisiana, study approved to help expand; Feb. p. 87. Fish meal industry in Tennessee, study grant may lead to; Apr. p. 76. Hake, Pacific, study of commercial possibility approved; Nov. p. 22. Lake Superior commercial fishing industry, Federal funds to aid; Feb. p. 87, Apr. p. 76. Mooring basin, California, aids construction of; Dec. p. 31. Oyster beds, seeded, Chesapeake Bay, approved project to study; Apr. p. 35. Processing plant completed at Hancock, Michigan; Dec wpa Ls Water lines to Florida fishery plants, to provide for new; Apr. p. 25. grant ECUADOR Bottomfish distribution off Chile, Peru, and 5 July p. 61. Exports, shrimp, 1965; Aug. p. 56. Fisheries, shrimp and tuna, 1965; Sept. p. 51. ECUADOR Fleet status, fishing, 1964; Feb. p. 58. Import duties, fishing industry freed from some; Nov. p. 51. Industry, fishery, grew in April-June 1966; Nov. Dawes Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission annual meeting held in Guayaquil; June p. 46. Japanese tuna enterprise: fails to materialize; May p. 47. planned joint; Feb. p. 57. Landings, law on foreign fish; June p. 68. Offshore fishing fleet, proposal to develop; Aug. p. 57. Tuna cannery ceases operations; Dec. p. 55. EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS Marketing of ; Jan. p. 39, May p. 26, July p. 33, Sept. p. 19. Situation and outlook; Dec. p. 1. EDUCATION "Sea-grant'' colleges recommended by national con- ference at University of Rhode Island; Jan. p. 28. EELS Demand strong in Europe (London); Sept. p. 46. Denmark studies in the Sargasso Sea; Apr. p. 58. ELECTRICAL FISHING Gulf of Mexico shrimp gear studies (''George M. Bowers"); Jan. p. 35, July p. 29, Dec. p. 19. Soviet fishing with lights and electricity to be ex- panded; Jan. p. 95. ELECTRONIC COMPUTER Tuna schools, under development for identify- ing; Aug. p. 62. EL SALVADOR Vessels, foreign fishing, permitted to enter ports; Apr. p. 58. EMPLOYMENT Biologists, opportunities with California Department of Fish and Game for; Jan. p. 23. Japan drops in fishing industry; Dec. p. 63. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SERVICES ADMINIS- TRATION (ESSA) ; Oceanography, new institute set up within by U. S. Department of Commerce; Feb. p. 29. EQUILANT V Oceanography, research vessel ''John Elliott Pills- bury" participates in ; Jan. p. 44, EQUIPMENT NOTES No. 18--A Nekton Ring Net Sampler for Use Aboard Oceanographic Research Vessels; Feb. p. 9. No. 19--Trawl Cod-End Closing Device; Mar. p. 16. ESTUARIES Resource complex, a neglected; Oct. p. 27. EUROPE Canadian firm promotes fresh-water fish exports to ; Aug. p. 54, EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY EFTA catch is 23 times ; Nov. p. 37. Fisheries policy drafted; Nov. p. 37. EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION Catch is 2} times EEC; Nov. p. 37. Tariffs, industrial, reduced another 10 percent; Feb. p. 46. EXPLORATORY FISHING California, marine life survey off Santa Catalina Island (M/V "Nautilus"); Jan. p. 21. EXPORTS Australia fishery Feb. p. 51. Brazil sells catfish; Nov. p. 52. Canadian firm promotes European fresh-water fish ; Aug. p. 54. Canned. fish: Norway export trends; Feb. p. 79, Mar. p. 64, July p. 87, Nov. p. 41. Portugal; Apr. p. 68, June p. 82, Dec. p. 61. Cuba: lobster, spiny, landings and trends, July-Sept. 1965; ; Aug. p. 54, shellfish to France; June p. 60. Denmark: fishery Jan.-Mar. 1966; Aug. p products and byproducts; Jan.-Sept. fase “Feb. p. 56. Fish oil, world Guyana's shrimp set record in 1965; Nov. p. 33. Iceland: fishery products present uneven picture; Dec. p. 60. herring landings and trends, late 1965; Feb. p. 60. stocks of principal fishery products; Jan. p. 75, Feb. p. 60, Mar. p. 53, May p. 49, June p. 68, July p. 70. India: fishery products increasing; May p. 49. shrimp: expansion of to the U. S.; June p. 70. standards for; Apr. p. 58. Japan: canned crab: king, to United Kingdom drop; Dec. p. 66. meat; Jan. p. 80, Feb. p. 66, Sept. p. 61, Dec. p. 65. mackerel, to the U. S.; duly p. 81, Aug. p. 63, Nov. p. 43. salmon; Sept. p. 60, Nov. p. 43. shrimp; Jan. p. 80, Feb. p. 66, Dec. p. 66. tuna: trading firms plans; June p. 71. trends; July p. 78. validation standard for Aug. p. 61. Export Trade Promotion Organization (JETRO) gets $940,000 to promote sales; Sept. p. 61. marine products; Feb. p. 67, Apr. p. 63, Mayp.55, June p. 73, July p. 79. tax, one-percent, to Nigeria; Jan. p. 87. trout, rainbow, frozen; Jan. p. 81, Feb. p. 67, Apr. p. 63, May p. 55, June p. 73, Julyp. 80, Sept. p. 60. tuna: Atlantic, frozen: market outlook in 1966; May p. 53. price trends; Feb. p. 62, Nov. p. 43. quotas, 1966/67; June p. 71. to countries other than U. S.; July p. 77. , new, adopted; market trends; Sept. p. 55. and vessels, 1965; Aug. p. 58. 13 EXPORTS Japan: tuna: frozen: to U. 8S. and Canada; July p. 76. to U. S. rise; Oct. p. 44. to U. S. and Puerto Rico; Jan. p. 76, Feb. p. 61, Apr. p. 59, May p. 53, June p. 72, July p. 77, Sept. p. 55. validations of fresh and frozen loins to the U. S. and Canada; Jan. p. 77, Feb. p. 61. Korea, South, fishery are rising; Dec. p. 69. Mexican fishery products, current potential of; Novy, p. 46. Morocco, markets sought for fish protein concentrate; HMebemps wiOs Norway: fishery products Mar. p. 63. frozen fish sales by cooperative group at record level; Feb. p. 78. at record level in 1965; Panama shrimp catch and ; June p. 82. Peru: fish meal production and forecast for 1965; Jan. p. 90. taxes on fish meal and oil 3; Sept. p. 69. South Africa, lobsters, spiny, increase, of live; Aug. p. 71. South America Tuna: albacore, prices for proper; Jan. p. 77. canned in brine, packers and exporters fail to negotiate new agreement for; Feb. p. 63. canned in oil, Japan to West Germany decline; Oct. p. 45. USSR: fishery products to: Europe, West, promotion of; May p. 76. U. S. double in 1965; May p. 76. Western nations; May p. 76. more fish in 1964; Apr. p. 48. to U. S. from Japan scallop to the U. S.; June p. 88. Japan, double in 1965; Dec. p. 56. U.S. ___ of fishery products; Jan. p. 50. FAROE ISLANDS British quotaon landings liberalized; Jan. p. 72. Landings and exports at record level in 1965; Apr. p. 58, FEDERAL AID Commercial Fisheries Research and Development Act, for fishery projects provided under; May p. 86, June p. 100. Interior, Department of, funds apportioned to states: fiscal year 1966, additional; Feb. p. 16. fiscal year 1967; Aug. p. 26, FEDERAL COMMITTEE ON PEST CONTROL Pesticide monitoring program approved by ; Jan. p. 100. FEDERAL PURCHASES OF FISHERY PRODUCTS Canned fish purchases, defense supply agency planned; Nov. p. 4. Inspection criteria for food establishments revised by Defense Department; Jan. p. 29. 14 FEDERAL PURCHASES OF FISHERY PRODUCTS (cont.) Subsistence contractor inspection procedures man- ual revised by Defense Department; Jan. p. 29. FEDERAL SPECIFICATION(S) Sardines, shrimp and tuna, canned, new for; Jan. p. 101. FILMS New honored by BCF; Dec. p. 23. FINFISH Defense Department changes purchases; Dec. p. 6. FINLAND USSR, fishing bases on; May p. 80. FISH Man may owe hearing to ancient SSePts Demlills FISH BLOCKS Underutilized fresh-water species in Great Lakes, studies on production of from; July p. 25. FISH CATCH World tops 50 million tons in 1964; Jan, p. 55. FISH CULTURE FAO world symposium on warm-water pond $ Sept. p. 42. Japanese developments in salmon and trout 8 Sept. p. 60. Taiwan development program; Sept. p. 70. FISHERIES FAIR Trade promotion office, international, completes its first full year; Nov. p. 19. FISHERIES LABORATORY Florida (Miami), new tropical biological Atlantic operated by BCF; Feb. p. 17. Michigan (Ann Arbor), dedicated in; July p. 23. Texas Gulf coast, new operated by Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Bureau of; Jan. p. 29. FISHERIES LOAN FUND Applications for fishing vessels: Alaska; Jan. p. 101, Feb. p. 89, Mar. p. 72, Apr. p. 77, May p. 90, June p. 101, July p. 101, Aug. p. 82, Oct. p. 15, Dec. p. 30. California; Feb. p. 89, Mar. p. 72, May p. 90, June p. 101, Aug. p. 82, Nov. p. 22, Dec. p. 30. Florida; July p. 101, Aug. p. 82, Dec. p. 30. Louisiana; Sept. p. 78. Maine; June p. 102, Aug. p. 82, Sept. p. 78, Dec. p. 30. Massachusetts; Nov. p. 22. Oregon; Mar. p. 72, Apr. p. 77, Sept. p. 78. Puerto Rico; Dec. p. 30. Rhode Island; Mar. p. 72, Apr. p. 77. Texas; Feb. p. 89, Apr. p. 77, May p. 90, Nov. p. 22. FISHERIES LOAN FUND Applications for fishing vessels: Washington; Jan. p. 101, Feb. p. 89, Apr. p. 77, May p. 90, June p. 101, July p. 101, Sept. p. 78, Oct. p. 15. Wisconsin; Dec. p. 30. Interest rate, increased, on fisheries loans became effective April 1, 1966; May p. 89. Vessels, U. S. , and other financial aid for; Feb. p. 39, June p. 36, Aug. p. 46. FISHERMEN Canada: British Columbia licensing system, new, for and vessels; Apr. p. 56. emergency assistance by Government to for catch failure; Feb. p. 52, Mar. p. 46. Cuban trained by Soviets; Mar. p. 47, Sept. p. 51. EEC drafted fisheries policy; Nov. p. 37. Japan: census of population engaged in fisheries; Sept. p. 64. rest home for to be established at Las Palmas (Canary Islands); Mar. p. 59. Mexico: Ensenada's are having good year; Nov. p. 47. Gulf shrimp win improved contract; Dec. p. 53. North Vietnam's train in USSR; Nov. p. 44. Thailand fisheries legislation favors domestic May p. 75. FISHERY ATTACHES Tokyo and Copenhagen posts, new appointments to; July p. 104. FISH FARMS Arkansas farm-pond fish gear research, Nov. 1965; Feb. p. 18. Australian group, development program in the Philippines to be financed by; Feb. p. 79. Catfish, pond-reared, has good market potential; June p. 15. United Kingdom, plaice rearing experiment points up problems of marine ; Feb. p. 85. Washington, evaluation of cost and production of 3; Mar. p. 36. FISH-FINDER Japan, for trawl gear developed; Jan. p. 87. FISH FOOD Food for salmon and steelhead, contract awarded for specialized fish pellet for; Mar. p. 33. FISH HATCHERIES Hatchery fish, comprehensive survey announced of needs for; Sept. p. 14. FISHING FLEET IMPROVEMENT ACT Hearings on construction differential subsidy, appli- cations under ; Feb. p. 89, Mar. p. 72, Apr. p. 77, May p. 90, June p. 101, July p. 101, Oct. p. 116), Subsidies: Federal approved, for construction of new tuna vessels; July p. 103. regulations amended on payment of; Aug. p. 82. FISHING FLEET IMPROVEMENT ACT (cont.) Trawlers, stern, Federal subsidies help build; Dec. p. 30. Vessel, first, completed under ; July p. 54. FISHING LICENSES Japanese tuna market value increases; July p. 73: FISHING LIMITS (also see TERRITORIAL WATERS) Japan seeks fishing rights within New Zealand 12- mile ; Mar. p. 62. Nordic countries recommend new ; Jan, p. 65. Mexico proposes 12-mile ; Aug. p. 67. Pakistan declares 12-mile with rights to ex- tended ''conservation zones"; June p. 81. Perch commercial changed in Michigan; May p. 27. FISH MEAL Chile: anchovy: dominates production; Nov. p. 48. reappearance of, prevents closure of plant; June p. 59. industry trends: annual data; Apr. p. 56. monthly data; Jan, p. 70, July p. 66, Sept. p. 51, Oct. p. 50, Nov. p. 48. Cuba imports from Morocco; May p. 46, June p. 60. Denmark: experimental production of odorless, tasteless, edible ; May p. 46. plant, small, for research use developed; June p. 67. Exports for selected countries; Jan. p. 59, Feb. p. 46, Mar. p. 39, June p. 41, Aug. p. 50, Oct. p. 35, Nov. p. 35. Germany, West (Hamburg), market quotations at; Jan. p. 73. Hake, Pacific, as raw material for a fish reduction industry; May p. 12. Hungary to get from Pakistan; May p. 49. Imports, U. 8S. data: annual, 1964-65; Apr. p. 27. monthly and cumulative; Jan. p. 37, Feb. p. 20, Mar. p. 26, Apr. p. 27, May p. 25, June p. 22, July p. 31, Aug. p. 34, Sept. p. 17. Industrial Fisheries of Tomorrow--Charting the Course; Aug. p. 1. Ireland's industry expansion trends; Jan. p. 76. Japan: foreign trade up in 1965; May p. 56. import allocation announced by Government; Mar. p. 58. Pacific, North, factoryship ("Hoyo Maru") com- pletes operation in; Dec. p. 64. pollock, Alaska, production from Soviet-caught; July p. 83. Mexico (Mazatlan) has shipboard fish plant; Nov. p. 47. Michigan (Menominee) plant planned; Dec. p. 12. Panama: decree, new, regulates industry; Nov. p. 53. industry, interest in developing increases; June p. 81. 15 FISH MEAL Peru: anchovy: USAID Mission favors Smithsonian proposal to study relationship between guano bird population and; July p. 88. catch and production; May p. 65. export and production forecast for 1965; Jan. p. 90. production: monthly industry trends; Jan. p. 91, Feb. p. 79, Apr. p. 67, May p. 65, June p. 83, July p. 87, Sept. p. 68, Dec. p. 55. resumes--prospects good; Nov. p. 53. season 1965/66 banner year for; Dec. p. 68. resource situation, and anchovy, early May 1966; July p. 87. Pollock, Alaska, to be bought from Soviets by Japan for ; Mar. p. 58, Dec. p. 57. Production for selected countries; Jan. p. 59, Feb. p. 46, Mar. p. 39, June p. 41, Aug. p. 50, Oct. p. 35, Nov. p. 35. Situation and outlook, , U. S. and world; Dec. p. 4. South Africa (Cape Town) manufacturers meet in; May p. 40. South Africa Republic output, much of 1966 sold in advance for higher prices; Mar. p. 67. Swine grow faster when is added to diet; Feb. p. 21. Tennessee, EDA study grant may lead to industry in; Apr. p. 76. Time-temperature studies of salmonella conducted in; Dec. p. 26. United Kingdom: purse-seine experiments may increase herring catch and production; July p. 95. United States: demand for in 1965; Aug. p. 32. production: annual data, 1964-65; Apr. p. 27. areas; Feb. p. 21, Apr. p. 27, May p. 25, June p. 21, July p. 30, Aug. p. 33, Oct. p. 3. monthly and cumulative data; Jan. pp. 37, 38, Feb. p. 20, Mar. p. 26, May p. 25, June p. 21, July p. 31, Aug. p. 33, Sept. p. 17, Oct. p. 3, Nov. p-o, Decwpe4. supplies in 1965 and early 1966; June p. 20. USSR production 1965 high but below needs; Dec. p. 56. World production; Jan. p. 59, Feb. p..47, Mar. p. 39, June p. 41, Sept. p. 46, Nov. p. 34, Dec. p. 48. Yugoslavia imports; May p. 81. FISH 'n SEAFOOD PARADE Advertising and merchandising managers contest is feature of 1966 ; Aug. p. 35. FISH OIL Chile, industry trends; Sept. p. 51, Oct. p. 50, Nov. p. 48. Denmark, modified method of recovering and solids from filleting plant rinse water; July p. 67. Hake, Pacific, as raw material for a fish reduction industry; May p. 12. Japanese production by species up in 1965; Dec. p. 65. Paints, quality studied for; Oct. p. 13. Rancid, BCF scientists study why become; June p. 22. United States production data: annual, 1964-65; Apr. p. 27. 16 FISH OIL (cont.) United States production data (cont.): areas; Feb. p. 21, Apr. p. 27, May p. 25, June p. 21, July p. 30, Aug. p. 33, Oct. p. 3. monthly and cumulative; Jan. p. 38, Feb. pp. 20, 21, Mar. p. 26, May p. 25, June p. 21, July p. 31, Aug. p. 33, Sept. p. 17, Oct. p. 3, Nov. p. 3, Dec. p. 4. World: exports: forecast for 1966 with comparisons; Feb. p. 47. set record in 1965; Nov. p. 33. production forecast for 1966 with comparisons; Feb. p. 47. FISH PORTIONS Fish block production of underutilized fresh-water species studied; July p. 25. United States production data: annual; May p. 23. quarterly; Jan. p. 48, Apr. p. 24. FISH PROCESSING Devices and methods, new, patented for iS Jan. p. 39. Morocco (Al Hoceima) new fish complex planned; June p. 78. FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE Interior requests approval of ; May p. 88. Legislative authority to build large-scale plant recommended by Interior; June p. 16. Mexican interest in for human consumption increases; Sept. p. 67. Morocco, export markets sought for; Feb. p. 76. President Johnson signs bill; Dec. p. 2. FISH PUMP Tested in Caribbean fisheries by M/V "Oregon"; June p. 17. FISH SAUSAGE New Zealand, new product in; Sept. p. 67. FISH SOLUBLES (also see INDUSTRIAL FISHERY PRODUCTS) United States data: imports: annual, 1964-65; Apr. p. 31. monthly and cumulative; Jan. p. 37, Feb. pp. 20, 21, Mar. p. 26, Apr. p. 27, May p. 25, June p. 22, July p. 31, Aug. p. 34, Sept. p. 17. production: annual, 1964-65; Apr. p. 27. areas; Feb. p. 21, Apr. p. 27, May p. 25, June p. 21, July p. 30, Aug. p. 33, Oct. p. 3. monthly and cumulative; Jan. pp. 37, 38, Feb. pp. 20, 21, Mar. p. 26, May p. 25, June p. 21, July p. 31, Aug. p. 33, Sept. p. 17, Oct. p. 3, Nov. p. 3, Dec. p. 4. FISH SPOTTING Balloons, experiments continued using; Mayp. 22. FISH STICKS Diet tricks with ; Nov. p. 45. United States production, quarterly data; Jan. p. 48, Apr. p. 24, May p. 23. FISHWAY Salmon, Columbia River system, new com- pleted for; Feb. p. 33. FLORIDA "John Elliott Pillsbury", University of Miami research vessel begins 9-week survey; Apr. p. 32. Manatees show promise as "weed controllers"; May p. 85. Shrimp: landings, 1965, west coast; Sept. p. 31. pink, life history studies off ; Dec. p. 27. Swordfish, off east coast, "Oregon" longlines for; Nov. p. 17. Trawling survey (R/V "Hernan Cortez"), experi- mental fish, along the west coast; June p. 1. Vessel, fishing, loan application for; July p. 101, Aug. p. 82, Dec. p. 30. Water lines to fishery plants (Apalachicola), EDA grant to provide; Apr. p. 25. FLOUNDER Plaice, United Kingdom rearing experiment points up problems of marine fish farming; Feb. p. 85. USSR: Bristol Bay explorations; Mar. p. 69. Kurile Islands, fishery off; Aug. p. 73. FOAM Sunken ships raised with ; Nov. p. 11. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION Boats, fishing, third technical meeting on; Aug. p. 5. Committee on Fisheries holds first meeting; Sept. p. 39). Cuban proposal on fishing rejected at conference; Feb. p. 47. European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission meeting, May 9-14, 1966; July p. 59. Expansion in fisheries work recommended at confer- ence; Feb. p. 47. Exports, South America, more fish in 1964; Apr. p. 48. Fisheries, new department established; Mar. p. 39. Fishery data center established; May p. 41. Fishery experts still needed for technical assistance to many countries; Feb. p. 106. International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas conference of plenipotentiaries drafts convention; July p. 57. Meetings on fishery matters, Sept.-Dec. 1966; Sept. p. 43. Northeast Atlantic Fisheries Policing Conference, second session to meet in London; Mar. p. 40. Pond fish culture, warm-water, world symposium on; Sept. p. 42. Southwest Atlantic Regional Fishing Conference, third meeting held in Montevideo, Uruguay, April 25-29, 1966; July p. 60. Study tour on fisheries training, Eastern Hemisphere countries send delegates to -USSR; Jan. p. 58. Symposium called on food irradiation; Apr. p. 50. UNDP/FAO Caribbean Fisheries Development project; Sept. p. 45. World: fish catch tops 50 million tons in 1964; Jan. p. 55. trade in fishery products, 1964; Apr. p. 49, June p. 41. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION Blackfin in U. S. standards for canned tuna, proposes to include; Nov. p. 22. Pesticide residues in food and feed, surveillance of; Jan. p. 101. Protein concentrate made from fish, Interior requests approval of; May p. 88. continues FOREIGN TRADE (also see EXPORTS and IMPORTS) Census Bureau, expansion of statistical reports planned by; Dec. p. 32. Denmark fishery landings, prices, processing, and in 1965 and outlook for 1966; June p. 60. Exports of fishery products by U. S., 1964; Jan. p. 49. Imports of canned tuna in brine under quota; Jan. p. 49, Feb. p. 40, Mar. p. 36, Apr. p. 42, May p. 36, June p. 38, July p. 54. Production, use, and , Aug. 1964-July 1965 with comparisons; Feb. p. 56. USSR establishes sections; May p. 76. United Arab Republic, in fishery products; Jan. p. 98. FOSSILS Atlantic Coast, rare dredged off; Nov. p. 28. FRANCE Consumption, promotional campaign urges in- creased fish; Jan. p. 73. Cuba shellfish exports to; June p. 60. Fecamp, International Congress of the Cod Industry holds conference in; Feb. p. 45. Korea, South, loan, second fishery, negotiated from Italian- consortium; Dec. p. 69. Lorient, exposition, fisheries, planned in; Jan. p. 73. Oysters, seed, Norway exported to and Den- mark; Aug. p. 68. Paris, OECD fisheries committee meetings in; June p. 50, Dec. p. 48. Trends, fishery, 1965; Aug. p. 57. Tuna ex-vessel prices and import quotas set for West African 1965/66 season; Feb. p. 58. FRENCH GUIANA Shrimp industry trends; Sept. p. 52. FRESH FISH Halibut, fresh chilled dressed, new approaches to quality changes in; Jan. p. 1. FRESH-WATER FISH Sturgeon is the largest ; June p. 99. Technical Meeting, IBP, on the biological basis of production; June p. 45. FREEZING FISH AT SEA Japanese freezer system, new, installed on tuna vessel; Sept. p. 58. FROG(S) Raising bass and , method patented for; Nov. p. 4. FROZEN FISH Argentine industry; May p. 42. Denmark cod-block industry is important U. S. supplier; Oct. p. 38. Greece, imports banned; June p. 68. Japanese production is high; Sept. p. 61. 17 FROZEN FISH Nigeria, marketing and distribution; June p. 80. Norwegian cooperative group export sales of at record level; Feb. p. 78. Pakistan frozen foods industry, status of, under second five year plan; Jan. p. 89. Polish vessels land packed at Saint Pierre; Aug. p. 69. Veterans Administration estimated requirements for 1966; June p. 15. FROZEN FISHERY PRODUCTS Denmark: date marking of ; Mar. p. 50. weight labeling requirements; Mar. p. 50. FROZEN FOODS Highway loading requirements for established; July p. 47. FUR SEAL(S) Alaska skins: prices: fall 1965 auction; Jan. p. 30. spring 1966 auction; June p. 17. processing proposals, Interior Department to issue new for; Jan. p. 29, Mar. p. 23. Japanese industry submits recommendation on; Aug. p. 64. GABON Tuna, Atlantic, fisheries; May p. 47. GEAR Efficiency of and shrimp resources studied ("John R. Manning"); Mar. p. 18. Hake winter fishery, depth telemetry lent; Dec. p. 29. Iceland, hydraulic reel for line fishing developed; Sept. p. 54. Japan: fish-finder for trawl developed; Jan. p. 87. radar-buoy for tracking fishing at sea; Jan. p. 87. tuna: long-line, vertical, tested; May p. 52. power reel to save labor on vessels; May p. 52. purse-seine, mothership test fishing off West Africa; Apr. p. 61, May p. 51. reel use increased for hauling long lines; Sept. p. 57. trolling developed; Feb. p. 65. Longlining, BCF workshop in Gloucester, Mass., discusses swordfish and tuna; Dec. p. 28. Nekton ring net sampler for use aboard oceano- graphic research vessels; Feb. p. 9. Net, channel, for shrimp in North Carolina; Nov. p. 24. Pasture harrow, oyster cultivation by use of, Willapa Oyster studies; Oct. p. 21. Shrimp behavior trap studies completed; July p. 14. Tackle device, fishing, new, patented; Jan. p. 39. Trawl: "Cobb" pelagic tested for effectiveness in catching Pacific hake; Feb. p. 27. cod-end closing device; Mar. p. 16. Gulf of Mexico, shrimp electrical studies continued (M/V "George M. Bowers"); Jan. p. 35, July p. 29, Nov. p. 13, Dec. p. 19. being 18 GEAR (cont.) Trawl (cont.): midwater: tested for effectiveness in catching Pacific her- ring ("'St. Michael"); Feb. p. 27. tested (''Rorqual"); Nov. p. 16. sorts shrimp and fish to be tested; Feb. p. 13. Trolling, commercial salmon, Washington State Proposes change in legal definition of; Feb. p. 40. Try-net preliminary studies concluded; Oct. p. 11. United Kingdom: purse-seine experiments may increase herring catch and fish meal production; July p. 95. transferring fish at sea, new method tested; July p. 95. Wade seine construction and method of use; Jan. p. 8. GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE (GATT) Geneva, twenty-third session held in; June p. 45. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION Federal Supply Service, specifications, new, for canned sardines, canned shrimp, and canned tuna; Jan. p. 101. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dye, red, speckles 800 miles of Missouri River; Nov. p. 6. Seismic work, Dec. p. 31. sets new permit obligation for; GEORGES BANK Soviet fishing activity on ; Jan. p. 40, Feb. p. 26, May p. 82, June p. 96, July p. 99, Aug. p. 77, Sept. p. 75, Oct. p. 52, Nov. p. 53. GEORGIA Landings and trends, 1965; Aug. p. 27. GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (see GERMANY, EAST) GERMANY, EAST Atlantic, northwest, fishery research in; May p. 48. Attaché, fisheries, in East Berlin; Aug. p. 69. Denmark, small stern trawlers sold to firms; May p. 48. Expands her fisheries; Nov. p. 39. Fishery trends, late 1965; Mar. p. 51. Georges Bank, fishing ('"'Willy Bredel") began on northwest Atlantic's; Dec. p. 59. Poland, vessels, fishing, may be ordered from Denmark and ; Jan. p. 92. Submarine, deep-sea, operated by remote control developed; Jan. p. 74. Sweden, vessels sold to; May p. 48. Trawler, stern, first "Atlantik" class launched; Oct. p. 39. Tunisia, vessels, five, ordered from arrived; June p. 88. USSR, "Atlantik''-class freezer trawlers being built for; Feb. p. 59. U.S., fishing off the coast of; Oct. p. 52, Nov. p. 54. Vessels, fishing, sold to Danish and Swedish firms; June p. 68. GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC (see GERMANY, WEST) GERMANY, WEST Hamburg, fish meal market at; Jan. p. 73. Korea, South, ordered five tuna vessels from Feb. p. 74. Oceanographic exhibit at U. S. Trade Center in Frank- furt; July p. 41. Salmon, Baltic Sea conservation agreement between Denmark, Sweden, and ratified; Mar. p. 40. Seventh International Congress of Nutrition to meet in Hamburg; Feb. p. 45. Togo, Republic of, receives fishing vessel from ; June p. 88. Trawlers ("'Sagitta Maris'' and Hamburg"), two new factory, delivered; Jan. p. 73. > Tuna: canned, Japan market survey in ; Mar. p. 54. Japanese exports of canned in oil to decline; Oct. p. 45. U. S. exhibit rescheduled in Frankfurt; Aug. p. 51. GHANA Fisheries aid from Spain and Norway; Sept. -p. 53. Soviet fishery aid; May p. 48. Trawlers, stern, Norway delivers last of seven; Mar. p. 51. GREAT LAKES Fish block production of underutilized fresh-water species studied; July p. 25. Lake Huron, splake brood stock for plantings provided; Aug. p. 29. Lake Superior, Federal funds to aid commercial fishing industry; Feb. p. 87. Lake trout, sea lamprey menace declines, fishery encouraged; Sept. p. 14. Landings, commercial fishery, 1965; Nov. p. 5, Dec. p. 7. Michigan: fishery, sport and commercial, plans for rebuild- ing; Feb. p. 17. fish management goals outlined; Aug. p. 28. salmon, silver: planting: first; Jan. p. 32, June p. 17. program, supply of northwest eggs received for; Feb. p. 18. streams stocked with; July p. 24. striped bass, plans postponed for introduction in; Jan. p. 31. yellow perch: and northern pike fishing, Conservation Commis- sion proposes new regulations on; Apr. p. 25. commercial fishing regulations change proposed; Jan. p. 31, Mar. p. 23. Lake Erie, trawl cod-end size selectivity toward in; Feb. p. 1. Problems, fishery, in the ; Feb. p. 48. GREAT LAKES FISHERIES EXPLORATIONS Lake Superior, ''Clifford" aids fisheries; Dec. p. 18. GREAT LAKES FISHERIES EXPLORATIONS AND GEAR DEVELOPMENT Lake Michigan: M/V "Kaho": seasonal distribution and abundance studies of alewives and chub; June p. 18, July p. 25, Aug. p. 29, Sept. p. 15. GREAT LAKES FISHERIES EXPLORATIONS AND GEAR DEVELOPMENT (cont.) Lake Michigan (cont.): M/V "Cisco" distribution, abundance, and avail- ability of alewife, chub, smelt, and yellowfin studies; Apr. p. 26. Lake Superior trawling studies continued (M/V "Kaho"); Jan. p. 33. Oahe Reservoir, ''Hiodon'' (research vessel) ends gear research for 1965; Feb. p. 18. GREAT LAKES FISHERY COMMISSION Problems, fishery, in the Great Lakes; Feb. p. 48. GREAT LAKES FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS Biological and sea lamprey control research; Jan. p. 35, Feb. p. 19, Apr. p. 25, July p. 27, Aug. p. 31, Sept. p. 16. Lake Erie, hatch yield poor of yellow pike and yellow perch; Oct. p. 12. Lake Huron, industrial fish in, "Kaho" confirms presence of; Nov. p. 13. Lamprey, sea: chemical treatment of streams continued; July p. 28. tagging program in Great Lakes; July p. 29. GREECE Bulgaria, imports of fishery products; Aug. p. 54. Fishery development plan, proposed 5-year; July p. 68. Imports, frozen fish, banned; June p. 68. Landings and trends, fishery; Mar. p. 52, June p. 68. Shrimp, Persian Gulf, fishing in; Jan. p. 74. Sponge imports restricted; July p. 70. Trawler: freezer: fishery trends; Jan. p. 74. landings; July p. 70. stern, Soviets deliver; May p. 48. USSR fishery exports to ; July p. 93. GREENLAND Salmon: catch declines in 1965; Mar. p. 52. trends, fishery; Jan. p. 75, Feb. p. 59. Shrimp fishery trends in 1964 and future outlook; Mar. p. 52. USSR fishing off to expand; May p. 78. GRENADIER USSR, Bering Sea, large resources found in; Oct. p. 41. GROUNDFISH Canadian exports to Australia; Mar. p. 45. Fillets, import tariff-rate quota for 1966; Apr. p. 78. New England, forecast of abundance in 1966 on fishing banks; Mar. p. 26. United Kingdom, processed products, frozen, supply situation for, July-Sept. 1964-65; June p. 95. GUAM Japan, tuna purse-seining to be tried near 8 Jan. p. 79. 19 GUINEA USSR, fishery aid by; June p. 68, Sept. p. 54. GULF COAST Chart, nautical, list for 3) eb. sp. 25; GULF FISHERIES EXPLORATIONS AND GEAR DE- VELOPMENT Shrimp gear studies by ''George M. Bowers"; Jan. p. 35, July p. 29, Dec. p. 19. GULF FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS Shrimp: bait fishery and postlarval abundance surveys; Mar. p. 25, June p. 19. behavior and ecological parasitology studies; Mar. p. 25, June p. 20. biology program; Mar. p. 24, June p. 19. commercial catch sampling; Mar. p. 25. cultivation in artificial ponds; Mar. p. 24, June p. 19. distribution studies (M/V "'Gus III"); Jan. p. 36, Feb. p. 19. growth and survival studies; Mar. p. 25, Junep. 20. larvae distribution and abundance studies; Mar. p. 24, June p. 19. migrations, growth, and mortality studies; Mar. p. 24, June p. 19. GULF OF GUINEA Oceanography, research expedition in of vessel "John Elliott Pillsbury"; Jan. p. 44. GULF OF MAINE M/V "Rorqual": herring: brit distribution studied; Sept. p. 26. larval distribution studied; July p. 37. GULF OF MEXICO Sedimentation may transform Nov. p. 36. Shrimp: distribution studies (M/V "'Gus III"); Jan. p. 36, Feb. p. 19. ecology of western estuaries; June p. 19. trawling fleet, trends in; Dec. p. 43. into a continent; GULF STATES Landings: fishery, 1964; Jan. p. 36. shrimp, 1965, Sept. p. 31. GULF STREAM Study sheds new light on ; Apr.-p. 33. Year-long study of ; Apr. p. 90. GUYANA Shrimp exports and vessels, 1965; Aug. p. 59. HADDOCK Iceland, prices,.exvessel, set for shrimp, cod, , and herring; Dec. p. 59. North Atlantic, trawl gear evaluation and survey (M/V ''Delaware"); May p. 27. Recipe-- never had it so good; Apr. p. 14. HAKE Depth telemetry gear, Seattle lending for winter fishery; Dec. p. 29. 20 HAKE (cont.) Japan, consumer acceptance gaining; Dec. p. 67. Pacific: reduction industry, (Merluccius productus) as raw material for; May p. 12. study of commercial possibility approved) by EDA; Nov. p. 22. Population survey (M/V ''John N. Cobb"); Oct. p. 12. Schools, small (M/V "John N. Cobb"), found; Nov. 1}, abitis South African finds good market in Great Britain; June p. 84. Trawl, pelagic, tested in north Pacific for fishing (M/V "Western Flyer" and "St. Michael"); Jan. p. 42, Feb. p. 27. United Kingdom may join other countries in fishing South African ; May p. 81. USSR: fish for in eastern Pacific; May p. 78. Pacific utilization; Aug. p. 73. Washington: SBA loan for reduction plant in Aberdeen; Mar. p. 73. test fishing (M/V "St. Michael") in Puget Sound; Jan. p. 52. HALIBUT California, tagging and related studies (M/V "N. B. Scofield"); Jan. p. 17. North Pacific: area 3A closed early; Oct. p. 35. areas 1, 2, 3A and 3B, fishing ends in; Nov. p. 33. Quality changes in fresh chilled dressed 5 new approaches to; Jan. p. 1. North Pacific regulations for 1966; Apr. p. 50. USSR, Bering Sea, large resources found in; Oct. p41 HANDLING Boston trawlers improve fish p. 24. methods; Dec. HARVESTING TECHNIQUES Mariners warned of danger in ; Nov. p. 36. HATCHERIES Oregon, salmon (chinook) fingerling liberation tied in with Bonneville exhibit; Aug. p. 41. HAWAII Artificial reefs, junk cars proven effective for; Oct. p..55. Landings, commercial fishery; Jan. p. 37, Feb. p. p. 20, Oct. p. 8. Tuna: albacore, record size caught off; Feb. p. 39. bigeye, rare, found off; Oct. p. 11. HEARING Ancient fish, man may owe to; Sept. p. 77. HERRING Alaska, eggs on kelp: Craig, fishery at; July p. 13. USDI inspection of; June p. 6. Atlantic, north, populations and larvae studied (M/V '"Delaware"); Jan. p. 41, Nov. p. 16. Canada: British Columbia: bulk handling of mealtestedin; June p. 59. HERRING Canada: British Columbia labor dispute: negotiations; Jan. p. 68. settled; Feb. p. 55. exvessel prices, fishermen ask higher; Dec. p. 51. looks for in Gulf of St. Lawrence; Oct. p. 49. New Brunswick: conference, fishery, planned; May p. 43. plant, reduction, new; Apr. p. 54. Gulf of Maine: M/V "Rorqual": brit distribution studies; Sept. p. 26. larval distribution studied; Jan. p. 42, June p. 25, July p. 37. Iceland: landings and export trends, late 1965; Feb. p. 60. minimum size limit established; July p. 71. prices, exvessel, set for shrimp, cod, haddock, and SIDES jo6 Bee Japan: roe shortage pushed prices to record high; Mar. p. 59 to import from USSR; May p. 55. Maine, predictions of supply, long range, progress on the method for; June p. 23. Norway: heavy catches in early 1966, fishery opens with; May p. 61. purse seiners: automated, new, for fishery; May p. 61. cost of typical new; Mar. p. 64. trends, fishery; June p. 81, July p. 86. whaling factoryship ("Kosmos IV") may be shifted to fishery; June p. 81. Norwegian Sea, research by Soviet Union, Norway, and Iceland in; June p. 45. Scotland, USSR sales to; Mar. p. 70. Trawl, midwater, tested (M/V "St. Michael") for catching; Feb. p. 27. USSR: Bering Sea, conducts research in; Dec. p. 58. catches in 1964, pair fishing increases; Jan. p. 95. delivers to Japanese on the high seas; Aug. p. 73. purse seine for in North Atlantic; May p. 78. United Kingdom purse-seine experiments may increase catch and fish meal production; July p. 95. HONDURAS Shrimp landings down in 1965; Jan. p. 75. HONG KONG Fishery trends, recent; May p. 48. HUNGARY Pakistan, fish meal from; May p. 49. HUDSON RIVER Polluted expels living things; Nov. p. 9. HURRICANE DAMAGE Louisiana oyster fishery, Federal aid authorized for to; Feb. p. 87. HUTCHINSON, SAMUEL J. International Trade Promotion, office of, named to head; May p. 90 HYDROFOIL CRAFT Passenger service to begin by new ; Feb. p. 43. ICELAND Estonian fishermen to fish off Exports: fishery products; Mar. p. 53, Dec. p. 60. stocks of principal fishery products; Jan. p. 75, Feb. p. 60, Mar. p. 53, May p. 49, June p. 68, July p. 70. Herring: landings and export trends, late 1965; Feb. p. 60. minimum size limit established; July p. 71. ; Mar. p. 69. Hydraulic reel for line fishing developed; Sept. p. 54. Labor-saving machinery meets need; Dec. p. 60. Landings, fishery: principal species; Mar. p. 54, June p. 69, July p. 70, Nov. p. 40, Dec. p. 60. utilization; Mar. p. 54, June p. 69, July p. 71, Nov. p. 40, Dec. p. 60. Prices, exvessel, set for shrimp, cod, haddock, and herring; Dec. p. 59. Trade agreements with East European Communist countries; June p. 69. ICING Denmark, regulations for fish ; Mar. p. 49. IDENTIFICATION Species in raw processed fishery products by means of cellulose polyacetate strip electro- phoresis; Mar, p. 10. IMPORTS Brazil ships frozen shrimp to U. S. from new processing firm; Mar. p. 43. Bulgaria's of Greek fishery products; Aug. p. 54. Chinese rose in 1965 to Japan; Dec. p. 68. Clams, canned, duties, U. S. Tariff Commission invites comments on; Feb. p. 90, June p. 108, Sept. p. 80. Ecuador industry, fishing, freed from some duties; Nov. p. 51. EEC drafted fisheries policy; Nov. p. 37. Fish meal: Peruvian exports in 1965; June p. 20. United States data: annual, 1964-65; Apr. p. 27. monthly and cumulative; Jan. p. 37, Feb. pp. 20, 21, Mar. p. 26, Apr. p. 27, May p. 25, June p. 22, July p. 31, Aug. p. 34, Sept. p. 17. Fish solubles: United States data: annual, 1964-65; Apr. p. 27. monthly and cumulative; Jan. p. 37, Feb. pp. 20, 21, Mar. p. 26, Apr. p. 27, May p. 25, June p. 22, July p. 31, Aug. p. 34, Sept. p. 17. France, tuna ex-vessel prices and quotas set for West African 1965/66 season; Feb. p. 58. Greece: frozen fish banned; June p. 68. sponge restricted; July p. 70. Groundfish fillets, tariff-rate quota for 1966; Apr. p. 78. Italy duty-free quota, industry seeks rise in frozen tuna; Nov. p. 40. Japan: catch, fish, is down and are up; Aug. p. 60. marine products are rising; Dec. p. 63. shrimp firm to import from Thailand; Feb. p. 68. Togo's fisheries development; Aug. p. 72. 21 IMPORTS USSR, Customs Bureau institutes inquiry on fishery products imported from; June p. 108. United States: airborne July p. shrimp; Nov. p. 7, Dec. p. 5. situation and outlook, 1966; Dec. p. 1. tuna canned in brine: under quota; Jan. p. 49, Feb. p. 40, Mar. p. 36, Apr. p. 42, May p. 36, June p. 38, July p. 54. quota for 1966; June p. 108. of fishery products; Mar. p. 35, INDIA Charts, fishing, of by Norway; June p. 70. Exports: fishery products increasing; May p. 49. shrimp, standards for; Apr. p. 58. Fresh-water fisheries development; June p. 70. Shrimp exports to the United States, expansion of; June p. 70. USSR fishery aid to ; Mar. p. 69, Dec. p. 69. Vessels, fishing, to be bought abroad (USSR and Japan); May p. 49. west coast to be published INDIAN AFFAIRS, BUREAU OF Northwest Indian fishing sites proposed, new regula- tions governing use of; Sept. p. 78. INDIAN OCEAN Gives up some secrets; Oct. p. 36. Japan: Africa, East, bottomfish resource explorations off; Aug. p. 63. exploratory fishing; Sept. p. 63. long-liners moving from ; Sept. p. 56. Taiwan sells albacore in South Africa; Oct. p. 47. USSR: "Leninskii Luch" returns from tuna fishing in July p. 91. research in ; May p. 78, June p. 93. "Svetlii Luch™, tuna factory mothership, works ; Oct. p. 40, Nov. p. 38. INDUSTRIAL FISH Georges Bank, ''Delaware"' seeks on; Dec. p. 20. Virginia investigations commenced; Apr. p. 42. INDUSTRIAL FISHERY PRODUCTS Canada: production, use, and foreign trade, Aug. 1964-July 1965 with comparisons; Feb. p. 56. Chilean production of fish meal and oil rises; Oct. p. 50. Fish meal: swine grow faster on diets supplemented with; Feb. p. 21. United States: demand in 1965; Aug. p. 32. supplies in 1965 and early 1966; June p. 20. world production; Jan. p. 59, Feb. p. 47, Mar. p. 39, June p. 41, Sept. p. 46, Nov. p. 34, Dec. p. 48. Fish meal, oil, and solubles: Denmark production, 1964-65; export trends, Dec. 1965; Apr. p. 57. 22 INDUSTRIAL FISHERY PRODUCTS (cont.) Fish meal, oil, and solubles (cont.): United States production by areas; Feb. p. 21, Apr. p. 27, May p. 25, June p. 21, July p. 30, Aug. p. 33, Oct. p. 3. Fish oil, scientists of BCF study why it becomes rancid; June p. 22. Hake, Pacific, as raw material for a fish reduction industry; May p. 12. Industrial Fisheries of Tomorrow--Charting the Course; Aug. p. 1. Japanese production, use, and foreign trade, 1964- 65 and forecast 1966; Feb. p. 71. Marine oils, U. S. supply situation and foreign trade, Oct. 1964-Sept. 1965 with comparisons; Feb. p. 21. Norway fish meal and oil production at record level in first half of 1966; Sept. p. 68. Peruvian taxes on fish meal and oil exports; Sept. p. 69. Production; Jan. pp. 37, 38, Feb. p. 20, Mar. p. 26, Apr. p. 27, May p. 25, June p. 21, July p. 31, Aug. p. 33, Sept. p. 17, Oct. p. 3, Nov. p. 3, Dec. p. 4. Seaweed supplies, Canadian, may become low; Sept. p. 84. Species composition of the North Carolina industrial fish fishery; July p. 1. Supply, U. S.; Jan. p. 37, Feb. pp. 20, 21, Mar. p. 26, Apr. p. 27, May p. 25, June p. 22, July p. 31, Aug. p. 34, Sept. p. 17. INLAND FISHERIES EXPLORATIONS AND GEAR DEVELOPMENT Arkansas farm-pond fish gear research; Feb. p. 18. Oahe Reservoir: biological research (R/V "'Siscowet"); Feb. p. 19. trawling studies (''Hiodon"); Jan. p. 38, Feb. p. 22, Aug. p. 34, Sept. p. 18, Nov. p. 13, Dec. p. 18. INSPECTION Alaska, herring-eggs-on-kelp, USDI of; June p. 6. Defense Personnel Support Center revises criteria for; Jan. p. 29. INSURANCE Canada provides for fish traps and shore installations; Mar. p. 46. INTER-AMERICAN TROPICAL TUNA COMMISSION Meeting, annual, held in Guayaquil, Ecuador; June p. 46. INTERIOR, DEPARTMENT OF THE (also see COM- MERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF; INDIAN AF- FAIRS, BUREAU OF; and SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, BUREAU OF) Fish and wildlife law enforcement, strengthen; Aug. p. 81. "Golden Passport" on sale across the nation, new $7 Federal; June p. 122. National anadromous fishery program act to be administered by ; Jan. p. 48. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE CONSER- VATION OF ATLANTIC TUNAS Conference of plenipotentiaries drafts convention; July p. 57. INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA Rome, 53rd statutory meeting in; Jan. p. 61. seeks to INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA Symposium on "The Living Resources of the African Atlantic Continental Shelf"; Sept. p. 37. INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES CONVENTIONS U. S. Coast Guard and enforcement of p. 62. ; Dec. INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION Conditions of work in the fishing industry: meeting on; Jan. p. 62. two conventions approved; Sept. p. 44. INTERNATIONAL NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES COM- MISSION (see NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMIS- SION, INTERNATIONAL) INTERNATIONAL NORTHWEST PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION (see NORTHWEST PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL) INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION (see PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION, INTERNA- TIONAL) INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES COM- MISSION (see PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES COM- MISSION, INTERNATIONAL) INTERNATIONAL TRADE PROMOTION, OFFICE OF Hutchinson named to head 3; May p. 90. INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING ON FISHING BOATS, THIRD Merchant marine practices, builders of fishing vessels advised to study; Mar. p. 71. INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION (see WHAL- ING COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL) INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION Railway Express Agency petition to rule, Sec. Udall supports; Nov. p. 4. to remove INVENTIONS Bait: machine: long-line developed in Norway; Mar. p. 65. vending for live; July p. 31. tank, submergible floating; Nov. p. 4. Canada: British Columbia, pumps to unload salmon devel- oped in; June p. 57. lobster-splitting machine developed; Mar. p. 45. Clam and oyster opener, combined; July p. 32. Denmark, small fish meal plant developed for re- search use; June p. 67. Iceland, hydraulic reel for line fishing developed; Sept. p. 54. Japan, skipjack tuna heading machine developed; Sept. p. 58. Life preserver, ring buoy; May p. 26. Raising bass and frogs, method for; Nov. p. 4. Tackle device, fishing, new; Jan. p. 39. Scallop evisceration apparatus patented; Jan. p. 39. Shrimp deveining hand instrument patented; Jan. p. 39. Tuna packing method patented; Jan. p. 39. USSR, crab production line, semiautomatic, developed aboard vessels; Sept. p. 71, Oct. p. 42. United Kingdom, warp-load meter for fishing devel- oped; Aug. p. 76. INVESTMENT(S) Angolan fishing industry, foreign Japan reports on overseas fishery; Jan. p. 85. IRELAND Expansion, fisheries, in 1965; June p. 70. Fishery trends; July p. 71. Fish meal industry expansion trends; Jan. p. 76. IRRADIATION PRESERVATION Dungeness crab meat, heat and pasteurize; Dec. p. 26. Mackerel, , studied as food for Vietnamese; Dec. p. 27: Symposium called on food irradiation; Apr. p. 50. combined to ISRAEL Tuna fishing activity in the Atlantic; Apr. p. 59. Uganda given fisheries aid; Aug. p. 73. ITALY Canadian trade mission, fisheries, visited F Spain, and Portugal; Jan. p. 70. Codex Alimentarius Commission meets in Rome, third session, Oct. 19-29, 1965; Feb. p. 44, Aug. p. 50. Korea, South, loan, second fishery, negotiated from -French consortium; Dec. p. 69. Rome, ICES holds 53rd statutory meeting in; Jan. p. 61. Tuna, frozen: duty-free quota: change sought; Dec. p. 61. industry seeks rise in; Nov. p. 40. Japan: export prices, Dec. 1965; Mar. p. 56. import duty placed on; July p. 71. market improves; Dec. p. 61. IVORY COAST Fisheries, Jan.-June 1966; Sept. p. 54. Landings, fishery, 1965; May p. 50. Trends, fishery; Jan. p. 76. Tuna fisheries, developments in; June p. 71. JALUIT Tuna, skipjack, resources;-Feb. p. 6. JAPAN Africa: East, bottomfish resource explored off; Aug. p. 63. West, trawlers change fishing policy; May p. 57. Agar-agar, plans to process by Argentine- joint firm; Apr. p. 53. Alaska, fishing activity by Seb ep pabae Argentina requests help in making fishery marketing survey! Apr. p. 53. Asia, Southeast, research center to be set up in; Oct. p. 47. Atlantic: eastern, three purse-seine fleets to operate in; Sept. p. 55. north, exploratory fishing in waters; Sept. p. 63. Australia: exploratory fishing off; May p. 56, Sept. p. 63. shrimp fishing good off; Sept. p. 63. Bering Sea: factoryships returning from eastern; Dec. p. 63. fishing plans for 1966 in; Mar. p. 57. trends, fishing; Jan. p. 82. in; Sept. p. 47. 23 JAPAN Brazil, whaling increased off; Dec. p. 55. Budget for fiscal year 1966, fisheries agency; Mar. p. 60. Canada: Newfoundland: offshore fishery, help sought to develop; Jan. p. 69. whaling potential surveyed; May p. 44. whaling, Atlantic, studied with the aid of vessel; July p. 66. Catches of squid, mackerel, and saury decline; Dec. p. 63. Catch, fish, is down and imports are up; Aug. p. 60. Census of population engaged in fisheries; Sept. p. 64. China, Communist, fisheries team visits; Dec. p. 68. Crab: exports, meat; Jan. p. 80, Feb. p. 66, Sept. p. 61. king: Bering Sea, eastern, mothership licensed to oper- ate in; May p. 54. canned exports good, but supplies inadequate; Dec. p. 65. exports to United Kingdom drop; Dec. p. 66. factoryship, firm purchases cargo vessel for; Feb. p. 73. fishing trends; July p. 81. Pacific, northwest, status of resource, and USSR differ on; May p. 41. Culture, developments in salmon and trout; Sept. p- 60. Distant-water fisheries policy, scientists see need to re-examine; Jan. p. 86. Ecuador, tuna enterprise fails to materialize in; May p. 47. Employment drops in fishing industry; Dec. p. 63. Export(s): canned king crab to U. S. decline; Feb. p. 66. mackerel, canned, to United States: increasing; Aug. p. 63. prices raised; Jan. p. 80. marine products; Feb. p. 67, Apr. p. 63, May p. 55, June p. 73, July p. 79. salmon prices, new set for; Nov. p. 42. sardine canned prices raised; Jan. p. 80. Trade Promotion Organization gets $940,000 to promote export sales; Sept. p. 61. trout, rainbow, frozen; Jan. p. 81, Feb. p. 67, Apr. p. 63, Mayp. 55, June p. 73, July p. 80, Sept. p. 60. tuna, frozen: to countries other than U. S.; July p. 77. to U. S, and Canada; July p. 76. Fish depletion in home waters, concern about; Sept. p. 63. Fishery attaché (C. E. Atkinson), new, appointed to Tokyo post; July p. 104. Fish-finder for trawl gear developed; Jan. p. 87. Fish meal: foreign trade up in 1965; May p. 56. import allocation announced by Government; Mar. p. 08. pollock, Alaska, to be bought from Soviets for; Mar. p. 58. Fish oil production by species; Dec. p. 65. Frozen fish production is high; Sept. p. 61. Fur seals, industry submits recommendations on; Aug. p. 64. Geneva conventions, ratification of two expected; Apr. p. 64. Grounds, major firms look for new; Oct. p. 45. Hake gaining consumer acceptance; Dec. p. 67. 24 JAPAN (cont.) Herring: roe Shortage pushes prices to record high; Mar. p. 59. USSR delivers on the high seas; Aug. p. 73. Imports from China rose in 1965; Dec. p. 68. India to buy vessels from Indian Ocean, exploratory fishing in; Sept. p. 63. Industrial products production, use, and foreign trade, 1964-65 and forecast 1966; Feb. p. 71. Investments, reports on overseas fishery; Jan. p. 85. Korea, Republic of: fisheries agreement, __ views on; Feb. p. 69. tuna: fleet expansion causes concern in ; Jan. p. 88. vessels imported from; Jan. p. 88. Landings: record set in 1965; Aug. p. 59. selected areas; Feb. p. 68. utilization of fishery and other marine products; Feb. p. 68. Libya imports three tuna long-liners; Sept. p. 65. Mackerel: canned exports to the United States: firm contracts for; July p. 81. monthly data; Julyp. 81, Aug. p. 63, Nov. p. 43. fishery off to good start; Mar. p. 59. fishing competition from purse-seiners causes problems for pole-and-line fishermen; Mar. p. 58. Malagasy Republic joint fishing venture to expand; May p. 58. Marine products imports are rising; Dec. p. 63. Mauritania's extension of fishing limits, fishing affected by; Aug. p. 62. Minced-fish industry growing; Feb. p. 71, Sept. p. 63. Net, knotless, new; Sept. p. 64. New Zealand's 12-mile fishing limits, fishing rights within; Mar. p. 62. Nigeria fishing industry surveyed; May p. 60. North Pacific Fishery Convention, official discusses its renegotiation with Canada and U. S.; seeks Dec. p. 47. Northwest Pacific Fisheries Commission, Inter- national: convention, industry seeks extension of; May p. 40. renegotiate treaty with USSR; Dec. p. 47. views of delegates; July p. 59. Pacific Ocean: trawl fishing expanded in northeast; Oct. p. 46. views on fisheries problems of north; July p. 82. whaling data reported of north; Oct. p. 46. Pearl, cultured, industry, fisheries agency to ask tighter regulation of; Feb. p. 72. Pollock, Alaska, fish meal production from Soviet- caught; July p. 83. Prices of 1966, domestic market, canned salmon and king crab; Sept. p. 61. Private fisheries agreement, China, Communist- meeting proposed in October 1966 to discuss implementation; Sept. p. 36. renegotiated, to be; Jan. p. 85. renewed; Mar. p. 60, June p. 74. Radar -buoy for tracking fishing gear at sea; Jan. p. 87. Resource conservation, agriculture minister urges fishing industry to practice; July p. 84. and USSR; Mayp. 49. JAPAN Rest home for fishermen to be established at Las Palmas (Canary Islands); Mar. p. 59. Salmon: Alaskan, purchase of; Sept. p. 58. Arctic Ocean, firm explores for; Aug. p. 63. canned exports; Sept. p. 60. Chukchi Sea, poor results in exploration for; Nov. p. 42. exvessel prices; July p. 81. Hokkaido rebuilding runs; Dec. p. 67. landings higher, prices lower than 1965; Aug. p. 62. mothership fishing season, North Pacific, views on; Sept. p. 59. North Pacific: abstention line removal asked; Aug. p. 50. fishing conditions and trends; Sept.'p. 58. fleet quota set for; July p. 81. roe prices drop; Dec. p. 66. Saury: 3 canned, sold to United States; Dec. p. 67. catch down! in 1965; Mar. p. 59. season, poor 1965 forecast; Jan. p. 81. utilization in 1965; Aug. p. 64. Shrimp: canned exports: monthly data; Jan. p. 80, Feb. p. 66. price is up; Dec. p. 66. China, Communist, transshipped from; Oct. p. 45. Thailand: firm to import; Feb. p. 68. joint enterprise in; Mar. p. 68. Swordfish, frozen, export validations to the U. S. and Canada; Jan. p. 80, Feb. p. 67, May p. 54, June p. 73, July p. 80. Taiwan seeking further May p. 74. Talks, fishery, South Korea and hold; Dec. p. 47. Tax, one-percent, on exports to Nigeria; Jan. p. 87. Trade and Economic Council, fifth meeting, - U. S., views on; Sept. p. 61. Trawlers, stern, five to conduct winter operations in Gulf of Alaska; Mar. p. 56. Trawl fishing, exploratory, in southern latitudes; Apr. p. 63. Tuna: Africa, West, purse seining off; Mar. p. 56, May Deol. albacore: canned in oil, Tuna Federation launches promotion on; Feb. p. 64. export quota to U. S. increased; Mar. p. 55. exvessel price(s): Indian Ocean bases; July p. 74. trends, Dec.1965; Mar. p. 55. Tuna Federation plan to stabilize; July p. 74. pole-and-line fishery; July p. 72, Sept. p. 56. price drop, small catch causes; July p. 71. cooperation in fisheries; price for export to U. S. from proper; Jan. p. 77. season poor; Oct. p. 44. Atlantic: eastern, purse-seines in; Oct. p. 45. fishing and export market trends; Jan. p. 77, July p. 73, Sept. p. 55. vessels, return of large number from; Feb. p. 64. Australia, fishing off; May p. 51. bait production trends; Feb. p. 65. 25 JAPAN (cont.) JAPAN Tuna (cont.): Tuna: canned: labor costs, fishing company tries to cut; Feb. p. 66. export(s): labor-saving devices being adopted by fishing firms; plans of trading firms; June p. 71. trends; July p. 78. validation standard, new, adopted; Aug. p. 61. market survey in West Germany; Mar. p. 54. pack, 1964; Feb. p. 63. packers association sets quota on consignments to sales company; July p. 78. specialty products, exports of; Dec. p. 64. United States: market weakens; Dec. p. 66. sales, new quota for; Sept. p. 55. canned in brine: export(s): agreement, new, packers and exporters fail to negotiate for; Feb. p. 63. market; Jan. p. 78, Apr. p. 60, June p. 72. sales to U. S. resumed; Mar. p. 55. sales slow; Sept. p. 55. canned in oil: chunk-style, firm to market in exports; Dec. p. 64. Germany, West, exports decline; Oct. p. 45. Carolina Islands waters, purse seiner to test fish for; Feb. p. 65. Colombia - June p.59. computer under development for identifying schools; Aug. p. 62. deficit in operations, fishing companies show; May p. 52. distant-water trawl fishery, applications for; Feb. p. 73. enterprise, joint: Argentina; Feb. p. 51. Colombia, proposed; Feb. p. 56. Ecuador, planned; Feb. p. 57. export(s): — fresh and frozen validations; Dec. p. 65. frozen: fishery products other than; Jan. p. 81. market: outlook in 1966; May p. 53. price high in Jan. 1966; Apr. p. 59. prices: = to Italy; Mar. p. 56. trends; Feb. p. 62, Nov. p. 43. quotas, 1966/67; June p. 71. to U. S. and Puerto Rico; Jan. p. 76, Feb. p. 61, Apr. p. 59, May p. 53, June p. 72, July p. 77, Sept. p. 55. loins, fresh and frozen, validations to the U.S. and Canada; Jan. p. 77, Feb. p. 61. U.S. rise; Oct. p. 44. fishermen plan to meet with Koreans and Chinese; July p. 73. fishing licenses market value increases; July p. 73. fleet, distant water, composition of; Feb. p. 72. Guam, ''Kenyo Maru" and 'Taikei Maru No. 23" to try purse-seining near; Jan. p. 79. Indian Ocean: long-liners moving from; Sept. p. 56. ; Feb. p. 63. enterprise fails to materialize; refueling base planned for long-liners; Aug. p. 62. industry and Government hold fifth meeting; Feb. p. 62. interest rates on Government loans, fishermen request lower; Aug. p. 62. May p. 52. landings, foreign vessels increase; Sept. p. 57. long line, vertical, tested; May p. 52. market trends, December 1965; Feb. p. 62. mothership, portable-boat-carrying, fishery regu- lations liberalized; Sept. p. 57. mothership-type purse seine test fishing off West Africa; Apr. p. 61. Pacific, catch of South Korea and Taiwan to top ; Oct. p. 44. pole-and-line fishing trends; Aug. p. 61. power reel use increased for hauling long-line; May p. 52, Sept. p. 57. prices decline; June p. 71. proposals, industry's fishery rationalization, government takes dim view of; Jan. p. 79. purse seiner: "Nissho Maru" has successful trip; Sept. p. 56. "Taikei Maru No. 23'' reports good fishing in South Pacific; Mar. p. 56. refuel vessels at sea, Federation charters oil tanker to; Feb. p. 73. resources, government-industry report on assess- ment of; Apr. p. 61. skipjack: heading machine developed; Sept. p. 58. international investigation, to cooperate in; Sept. De) ile market good; May p. 53. pole-and-line fishing in Eastern Atlantic reported excellent; Feb. p. 64. season excellent; Oct. p. 44. supply base for fleet, plans to build floating; Nov. p. 43. symposium, report on Government-industry; July p. 75. trends; May p. 50. trolling gear developed, new; Feb. p. 65. U.S. tour, industry officials view on; Jan. p. 78. vessels, reduces use of deck-carried; Aug. p. 62. Yaizu. landings; Apr. p. 61, May p. 50, July p. 72, Aug. p. 61. Twelve-mile zone, fishermen seek; Nov. p. 41. USSR: export(s): doubles in 1965; Dec. p. 56. whale products; Dec. p. 57. factoryships, launches fifthin a series of; Feb. p. 84. Fisheries Minister to visit ; June p. 93. fishing off coast; Sept. p. 64. herring will be imported from; May p. 55. Northwest Pacific Fisheries Commission Conven- tion meetings; Apr. p. 53, May p. 40, June p. 48, July p. 59, Dec. p. 47. patrol vessels order area; June p. 93. pollock: Alaska, fish meal sold to; Dec. p. 57. imported from; Jan. p. 84. scientific and technical cooperation agreement proposed; Feb. p. 70, Sept. p. 36. United States: East Coast, trawler committee proposes explora- tion off; Nov. p. 41. fishing off the coast of; Jan. p. 14, Feb. p. 12, Mar. p.17, Apr. p. 46, May p. 82, June p. 98, Julyp. 96, Aug. p. 78, Sept. p. 76, Oct. p. 54, Nov. p. 54. trawlers from fishing 26 JAPAN (cont.) Vessel(s): construction: planned for underwater research; Apr. p. 64. trends; July p. 85. fishing, licensed by fisheries agency; Aug. p. 63. freezer system, new, installed on tuna; Sept. p. 58. management and operation trends, FY 1964; Jan. p. 86. salmon catcher laid up; Sept. p. 60. seized by South Korea, Government to compensate fishermen for; Jan. p. 85, Aug. p. 64. Whale(s): Antarctic survey, joint, planned; Nov. p. 42. North Pacific: catch, 1966, was good; Dec. p. 64. finback catch cut by 10 percent; July p. 84. sperm Study; Jan. p. 83. stocks, views on; Jan. p. 82. oil, Antarctic, contracts for sale of; May p. 56. Whaling: Antarctic, and outlook for 1965/66 season; Jan. p. 84. East China Sea reactivated; Aug. p. 65. Newfoundland under study; Mar. p. 59. North Pacific regulations for 1966 issued; July p. 83. Norway, joint venture under way; Dec. p. 67. operations affected by labor dispute; Feb. p. 74. South Georgia Islands, to cease; June p. 74. White Paper on Trade, 1965, mentions fishery products; Sept. p. 62. JOHNSON, DONALD R. Pacific Northwest, appointed Regional Director of; Aug. p. 85. JORDAN Fishery trends in 1965 and outlook for 1966; May oleic KELP Alaska, herring-eggs-on- KENYA Fishing industry expands; Oct. p. 47. Production, fisheries, 1964; Mar. p. 60. KOREA, NORTH (DEMOCRATIC PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF KOREA) Soviet- KOREA, SOUTH (REPUBLIC OF KOREA) Bureau of Fisheries established; May p. 58. Exports are rising; Dec. p. 69. Fleet, fishing, expansion planned; July p. 85. Japan: fishery talks held with; Dec. p. 47. relations, fishery, with may be reexamined; Nov. p. 43. tuna fishermen plan to meet with Chinese; July p. 73. vessels seized by , Government to compen- sate fishermen for; Jan. p. 85. views on fisheries agreement with; Feb. p. 69. Loan(s): private commercial, promised by Norway and Netherlands; Dec. p. 68. second fishery, negotiated from Italian-French consortium; Dec. p. 69. and ; June p. 6, Julyp. 13. fisheries commission meets; Aug. p. 65. KOREA, SOUTH (REPUBLIC OF KOREA) Marine products office, sets up; Nov. p. 44. North Pacific: Areneay vessels: "Baek Kyung Ho" returns from survey; Dec. p. 69. "Paik Kyung Ho", first training, surveys; Sept. p- 64, Oct. p. 47. Tuna: African bases, fishing in Atlantic and Indian Oceans planned from; Mar. p. 61. fleet: expansion causes concern in Japan; Jan. p. 88. report on; Dec. p. 68. Pacific catch to top Japan's; Oct. p. 44. U. S. canner to use Koreans to fish in South Atlantic; Sept. p. 65. vessels: American Samoa assigned refrigerated; Aug. p. 65. Japan, imported from; Jan. p. 88. West Germany, five ordered from; Feb. p. 74. KRILL USSR Antarctic experimental fishery; July p. 94. KURILE ISLANDS USSR flounder fishery off ; Aug. p. 73. KUWAIT Greek technicians attracted to shrimp fishing in; Mar. p. 52. LABELING Denmark: date of production to be required for ''semi- preserved" fish products; Dec. p. 59. frozen product weight requirements; Mar. p. 50. Spain's imported foods, p. 62. rules revised; Dec. LAKE ERIE Ontario's fishery research program on p. 90. Research on species in by Ann Arbor Biolog- ical Laboratory ("'Cisco™); Aug. p. 31, Sept. p. 16. Trawling, experimental (M/V ''Musky II"); Jan. p. 35, July p. 28. Yellow perch: hatch poor in 1966; Oct. p. 12. trawl cod-end mesh size selectivity toward; Feb. p. 1. Yellow pike (walleye), 1966 hatch poor; Oct. p. 12. LAKE HURON Industrial fish, ''Kaho'' confirms presence in; Nov. p. 13. Splake brood stock for plantings, Michigan provided with; Aug. p. 29. LAKE MICHIGAN M/V "Kaho": alewife: seasonal distribution and abundance studies con- tinued; Aug. p. 29. spawning migrations studied; June p. 18. chub seasonal distribution and abundance studies continued; Aug. p. 29. Research on species in by Ann Arbor Biologi- cal Laboratory; Jan. p. 35, July p. 27, Aug. p. 31, Sept. p. 16. Trawling studies continued (M/V''Cisco"); July p. 25, Sept. p. 15. ; Feb. LAKE SUPERIOR Biological research in Feb. p. 19. "Clifford" aids fisheries; Dec. p. 18. Federal funds to aid commercial fishing industry; Feb. p. 87, Apr. p. 76. Lake trout spawning stocks sampled (R/V ''Musky II"); Jan. p. 35. Research on species in by Ann Arbor Biologi- cal Laboratory (R/V 'Siscowet"); July p. 27, Aug. p. 32, Sept. p. 16. Trawling studies continued (M/V ''Kaho"'); Jan. p. 33. (R/V ''Siscowet"); LAMPREY, SEA (see SEA LAMPREY) LANDINGS Anchovy total 2,500 tons; Dec. p. 11. Canada: annual data, 1965; June p. 55. monthly data; Dec. p. 51. Quebec's maritime fisheries, 1965; June p. 56. Cuba in 1965; June p. 60. Denmark: data, mid-year, made available; Oct. p. 38. fishery , prices, processing, and foreign trade in 1965 and outlook for 1966; June p. 60. Ecuador law on foreign fish ; June p. 68. Faroe Islands: British quota on exports and p. 58. France's fishery trends, 1965; Aug. p. 57. Great Lakes commercial fishery, 1965; Nov. p. 5. Greece: freezer-trawler landings; July p. 70. trends and , 1965; June p. 68. Honduras, shrimp, down in 1965; Jan. p. 75. Ivory Coast fishery , 1965; May p. 50. Japan: set record in 1965; Aug. p. 59. tuna: albacore: pole-and-line; Sept. p. 56. season poor; Oct. p. 44. foreign vessel increase; Sept. p. 57. skipjack season excellent; Oct. p. 44. Louisiana 1965 hit record high; Dec. p. 11. Netherlands, 1964-65; June p. 78. Nigeria, frozen fish by foreign trawlers increase in; Feb. p. 78. Norway, foreign fishery, ban on, may be relaxed; June p. 81. Poland, trends and ; Jan. p. 91. Romania, 1965; May p. 70. St. Pierre-Et. Miquelon, frozen packed fish, Poland lands at; Aug. p. 69. Taiwan: small increase in 1965; May p. 74. tuna, Pacific, catch of South Korea and, to top Japan's; Oct. p. 44. USSR: first-half 1966 up slightly; Oct. p. 40. increase in fishery , plan 50-percent, by 1970; Feb. p. 88. —S™” United Kingdom trends, 1965; July p. 94. U. S. commercial fisheries and value higher in 1965; June p. 35. Virginia , 1965; Sept. p. 32. liberalized; Jan. p. 72. at record level in 1965; Apr. 27 LANDLUBBER Mudskipper can be a ; Mar. p. 83. LARVAE Herring, fall distribution in Gulf of Maine studied (M/V ''Rorqual"); Jan. p. 42. North Atlantic lobster and sea herring Jan. p. 41, July p. 37, Sept. p. 27. studied; LAWS AND REGULATIONS Fish and wildlife law enforcement,., Interior Depart- ment seeks to strenghten; Aug. p. 81. LAW, FISHERIES Brazil drafts revision of ; Nov. p. 52. LAW OF THE SEA Conference held at University of Rhode Island; June p. 47. Convention of fishing and conservation of the living resources of the high seas: enters into force; June p. 47. Mexico ratified; Apr. p. 53. LIBERIA Tuna, Atlantic fisheries; May p. 58. LIBYA Japan, three tuna long-liners imported from; Sept. p. 65. Poland, vessels, fishing, ordered from; Aug. p. 65, Oct. p. 49. LICENSES British Columbia (Canada) system, amend- ment of, for commercial fisheries planned in; Feb. p. 54, LIFE PRESERVER Ring buoy patented; May p. 26. LOAN PROGRAM, FISHERY Fishing Fleet Improvement Act of 1964, hearings on construction differential subsidy, applications under; Feb. p. 89, Mar. p. 72, Apr. p. 77, May p. 90, June p. 101, July p. 101, Oct. p. 15. LOANS BCF interest rates on fishery Oct. p. 14. Denmark Government fishing vessel fiscal year 1965; Mar. p. 50. funds nearly exhausted; Mar. p. 51. Japanese tuna fishermen request lower interest rates on Government ; Aug. p. 62. Korea, South: Italian-French consortium, second fishery negotiated from; Dec. p. 69. Norway and Netherlands, private commercial promised by; Dec. p. 68. SBA $30.5 million to fisheries in 1965; Dec. ; May p. 89, p. 31, United Kingdom, interest rates revised, fishery; Jan. p. 98, June p. 94. 28 LOBSTERS Boothbay Harbor, research in; Nov. p. 18. Canada: Denmark, airfreighted to; Mar. p. 46. Newfoundland fishermen to be compensated for storm losses; Aug. p. 54. Northumberland Strait: fishing controls experiments in; Sept. p. 50. scallop fishery does not interfere with season; July p. 64. Nova Scotia fishermen receive government aid for storm damage; Jan. p. 68. China, Communist, fishing in East China Sea; Mar. p. 47. "Delaware" conducts biological survey; Nov. p. 16. Machine developed for splitting ; Mar. p. 45. Morocco!s fishery investment opportunity; Feb. p. 76. North Atlantic, populations and larvae studied; Jan. p. 41, July p. 37, Sept. p. 27. Shears for the home diner; July p. 100. Spiny: Australian production drops in FY 1964/65; Jan. p. 66. California, depth distribution off Santa Catalina Island studied by M/V "Nautilus"; Jan. p. 21. Cuban landings and exports; Aug. p. 55. Mexico development potential in Baja California; Sept. p. 66. New Zealand production, Jan.-Apr. 1965; Feb. 1: (lo South Africa: exports of live increase; Aug. p. 71. new plant; May p. 72. South Africa Republic, Tristan da Cunha: fishery, late 1965; Mar. p. 68. transport "Gillian Gaggins" delivered for fishery in; Feb. p. 81. United States company to exploit Solomon Islands; Dec. ip.) 69); LONG ISLAND SOUND Chart, new, issued for Block Island Sound and ; Aug. p. 36. Tidal current tables, new, issued for ; Aug. Deo. LONG LINE Tuna, albacore, South Pacific 1954-64; July p. 9. fishery for, LOUISIANA Crayfish industry, EDA approves study to help expand; Feb. p. 87. Landings: hit record high in 1965; Dec. p. 11. shrimp, 1965; Sept. p. 31. Loan applications for fishing vessels; Sept. p. 78. Oysters, hurricane damage to fishery, Federal aid authorized for; Feb. p. 88. LUMPSUCKER Caviar, Mar. p. 50. rich source of roe (Baltic Sea) for; MACHINERY Iceland, labor-saving MACKEREL Irradiate meets need; Dec. p. 60. to study Vietnamese food; Dec. p. 27. MACKEREL Japan: canned exports: prices raised; Jan. p. 80. United States: firm contracts for; July p. 81. monthly data; Julyp. 81, Aug. p. 63, Nov.p. 43. catch declines; Dec. p. 63. pole-and-line fishery off to good start; Mar. p. 59. purse-seiners competing with pole-and-line fisher- men cause problems; Mar. p. 58. MAGNETIC FIELD Earth's , U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office study; Nov. p. 36. MAINE Boothbay Harbor, lobster research in; Nov. p. 18. Herring, long range predictions of supply, progress in method for; June p. 23. Landings, fishery, 1965; July p. 32. Loan applications for fishing vessels; June p. 102, Aug. p. 82, Sept. p. 78, Dec. p. 30. Sardines: canned stocks; Feb. p. 23, Apr. p. 28, July p. 32, Sept. p. 19. quality control program found effective; Aug. p. 35. Shrimp, northern (Pandalus borealis Kr.) in waters, method of forecasting the relative abun- dance of; Mar. p. 14. MALAGASY REPUBLIC Japan, joint fishing venture in May p. 58. to expand; MALAYA Kuala Lumpur, Canada opens new Trade Commission Office in Far East; Mar. p. 46. MALAYSIA Fishermen!s subsidy; Sept. p. 65. Fishery trends; July p. 85. Marine fishery resources in cooperation with Thai- land, survey of; Aug. p. 65. MANATEE(S) "Weed controllers," p. 85. show promise as; May MARINE OIL(S) (also see FISH OILS) U.S. supply situation and foreign trade, Oct. 1964-Sept. 1965 with comparisons; Feb. p. 21. MARINERS Network: radio broadcast, new, established for; Mar. p. 37. world weather information provided to; Dec. p. 49. MARINE SCIENCE Virginia, summer training program for high school students in; Mar. p. 36. MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY Meeting, 2nd annual; May p. 29. MARKETING Argentina requests Japanese help in making fishery survey; Apr. p. 53. Edible fishery products; Jan. p. 39, May p. 26, July p. 33, Sept. p.19. MARKETING (cont.) "Fish 'n Seafood Parade" advertising and merchan- dising managers! contest is feature of 1966; Aug. p. 35. Fish products more popular, survey shows; Dec. p. 6. Price increase in 1965 modest for fishery prod- ucts--high for meat; Sept. p. 20. MARYLAND Landings and trends, 1965; Sept. p. 20. Oyster shells, ancient, found; Dec. p. 12. MASSACHUSETTS Boston trawlers improve fish handling methods; DEecn ps 24. Landings, fishery, 1965; Sept. p. 21. Loan applications for fishing vessels; Nov. p. 22. MAURITANIA Developments, fisheries; June p. 75. Fishery zone, exclusive, clarifies declaration on; Sept. p. 66. Japan's fishing affected by ing limits; Aug. p. 62. Plants: Port Etienne, new cold storage and processing; May p. 59. Spain to build fish processing; Feb. p. 74. extension of fish- McHUGH, J. L., Dr. Named BCF Acting Deputy Director; Dec. p. 29. McKERNAN, DONALD L. Crowther his successor, leaves BCF Nov. 1 for State Department; Oct. p. 1. Industry, fishing, sees bright future for; Nov. p. l. MECHANICAL PEELER Shrimp, pink, method found to peel; Dec. p. 28. MENHADEN Middle Atlantic fisheries, most important; Jan. p. 54. Most abundant fish isn't eaten; Apr. p. 45. Wigs industry, review of 1965; Feb. p. 23. MEXICO Baja California, development potential, spiny lob- ster and abalone; Sept. p. 66. Ensenada's fishermen are having good year; Nov. p. 47. Export, current, potential of fishery products; Nov. p. 46. Fish protein concentrate, interest for human con- sumption increases; Sept. p. 67. Fishing limit of 12 miles proposed; Aug. p. 67. Foreign fishing off coasts; May p. 59. Law of the Sea--convention on fishing and conserva- tion of the living resources of the high seas rati- fied by ADEN p. kos Mazatlan has shipboard fish plant; Nov. p. 47. Nationalization of fisheries, trend is toward; June p. 76. Shrimp: Ciudad del Carmen, fishery of; June p. 75. fishermen, Gulf, win improved contract; Dec. p. 53. 29 MEXICO Shrimp: international waters, plans fishing expansion in; Dec. p73. production improves; Nov. p. 46. trends; Jan. p. 88, July p. 86, Aug. p. 66. Wises fishing off the coast of; Oct. p.52, Nov. p. 54. Yugoslavia, vessels, may buy from; Oct. p. 51. MICHIGAN Anadromous Fish Act of 1965, lawmakers seek funds under; May p. 27. Commercial fishing regulations, changes in; May p. 27. Great Lakes: fish management goals outlined; Aug. p. 28. landings 1965 same as 1964; Dec. p. 7. rebuilding sport and commercial fishery, plans for; Feb. p. 17. striped bass, plans postponed to introduce; Jan. Dero. Laboratory, fisheries research, dedicated in Ann Arbor for BCF; July p. 23. Menominee, fish meal plant to be built at; Dec. p.12. Processing plant at Hancock, EDA, completed; Dec. p. 12 Research station, new (south of Saline), for warm- water fish planned by Conservation Dept; Feb. p. 24. Salmon: coho, west coast, grow up in ; June p. 123. silver, Great Lakes planting program; Jan. p. 32, Feb. p. 18, June p. 17, July p. 24. Yellow perch: Great Lakes fishing regulations, public hearing held on proposed changes in; Jan. p. 31, Mar. p. 23. regulations, new, Conservation Commission pro- poses, on northern pike fishing and; Apr. p. 25. MICRONESIA Vessel (""Emeraech") launched; Dec. p. 69. MIDDLE ATLANTIC COAST Clam, ocean, survey off U. S. BAW EMS Joh aha Oyster fishery; Oct. p. 10. MIDDLE ATLANTIC REGION New fisheries in ; May p. 38. MIGRATION Salmon fingerlings are "branded" in studies; Aug. p. 44, MINCED FISH Japanese industry growing; Feb. p. 71, Sept. p. 63. MISSISSIPPI Landings and fishery trends, 1965; Sept. p. 22. MISSOU RI Production of various species of fish under the Federal Aid project; Dec. p. 12. MISSOURI RIVER Dye speckles, red, 800 miles of ; Nov. p. 6. MOBILE MARKETS Brazilian fish are successful; Dec. p. 54. 30 MOROCCO Al Hoceima: complex, new fish, planned; June p. 78. study to revive fishing industry in; July p. 86. Canners complain about export controls; Mar. p. 61. Cuba imports fisl: meal from ; May p. 46, June p. 60. Lobster fishery imvestment opportunity; Feb. p. 76. Protein concentrate, export markets sought for fish; Feb. p. 76. Sardine fleet damaged by storm; May p. 60, June p. 77. Tangier: agar-agar plant to move from; June p. 78. cannery short of raw tuna for canning; Feb. p. 75. canning season, sardine and tuna; June p. 77. shrimp shortage in; June p. 76. Tuna fishery expansion tried; Feb. p. 75. MORTGAGE INSURANCE Vessels, fishing, program; Dec. p. 30. MOUNTAINS, UNDERSEA Discovered in Pacific; Mar. p. IV. MOZAMBIQUE Production, fisheries, 1961-65; June p. 78. Shrimp fishery off coast shows promise; Jan. p. 89. MUDSKIPPER Landlubber, a fish can be; Mar. p. 83. MUSSELS Tennessee, harvest up in 1965; Oct. p. 10. NATIONAL FISHERIES INSTITUTE Fish 'n Seafood Parade expanded promotional pro- gram planned for 1966; June p. 23. NATIONAL FISH MEAL AND OIL ASSOCIATION Industrial Fisheries of Tomorrow--Charting the Course; Aug. p. 1. NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE, U.S. Coral Sea, joint survey under way (The Royal Australian Naval Experimental Laboratory); Nov. p. 36. Earth's magnetic field studied by ; Nov. p. 36. Mariners warned of damage in commercial fish- ing techniques; Nov. p. 36. Mechanical fish to aid oceanographers; Oct. p. 20. Student work-study program announced; Aug. p. 41. Techniques, commercial fishing, mariners warned of dangers in; Nov. p. 36. NAVIGATION Vessel inspection rules and regulations, hearing on proposed changes in; May p. 92. NETHERLANDS Korea, South, loans, private commercial, promised by Norway and ; Dec. p. 68. Landings, fishery, 1964-65; June p. 78. NETHERLANDS WEST INDIES Fisheries trends as of June 1965; Feb. p. 76. NET(S) Japanese knotless , new; Sept. p. 64. NEW BRUNSWICK (see CANADA) NEW ENGLAND Fishing fleet in 1965, Coast Guard assistance to; May p. 91. Groundfish, abundance in 1966 fishing banks, fore- cast of; Mar. p. 26. Marine engineering experiment station proposed by Southern group; Feb. p. 29. Scallops, sea, abundance forecast in 1966 on fishing banks; Mar. p. 26. NEWFOUNDLAND (see CANADA) NEW GUINEA Shrimp, results of Australian survey in the Ramu River area of ; Jan. p. 67. NEW JERSEY Clam, ocean, survey--1963; Mar. p. 1. Landings, 1965; Sept. p. 24. NEW YORK Clam, ocean, survey--1963; Mar. p. 1. Hudson River, polluted, expels living things; Nov. p.9. Landings, 1965; July p. 34. Wholesale fish market, to acquire new site (Hunts Point section of the Bronx); Feb. p. 25. NEW ZEALAND Canadian fisheries trade mission to and Australia; May p. 44. Fish sausage, a new product; Sept. p. 67. Japan seeks fishing rights within 12-mile fishing limit; Mar. p. 62. Lobster, spiny, production, Jan.-Apr. 1965; Feb. p. 77. NIGERIA Japan: survey fishing industry; May p. 60. tax, one-percent, on exports to ; Jan. p. 87. Lake Chad fishery developments; May p. 60. Landings, frozen fish, by foreign trawlers increase; Feb. p. 78. Marketing and distribution, frozen fish; June p. 80. Shrimp: fishing enterprise formed, new; June p. 79. trends, late 1965; Mar. p. 63. NORDIC COUNTRIES Fishing limits, new, recomended; Jan. p. 65. NORTH AMERICA World fish catch drops in 1964, share of; Jan. p. 64. NORTH AND SOUTH DAKOTA Oahe Reservoir, estimate fish in; Dec. p. 12. NORTH ATLANTIC Boundary between Arctic and Oceans survey- ed by U. S. Coast Guard cutter "Evergreen"; Feb. p. 32. Soviet fishing activities off North American coast; Jan, p. 40, Feb. p. 25. NORTH ATLANTIC FISHERIES EXPLORATIONS AND GEAR DEVELOPMENT M/V "Delaware": Clam, surf, survey off Md. & Va.; Mar. p. 28, Aug. p. 37, Nov. p. 14. NORTH ATLANTIC FISHERIES EXPLORATIONS AND GEAR DEVELOPMENT (cont.) M/V ''Delaware" (cont.): industrial fish sought on Georges Bank; Dec. p. 20. trawl gear evaluations and haddock; May p. 27. tuna and swordfish distribution studies in north- west Atlantic continued; Mar. p. 31, July p. 35. "Rorqual" testing midwater trawls; Nov. p. 16. NORTH ATLANTIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS Gulf of Maine herring distribution studies by M/V "Rorqual"; Jan. p. 42, June p. 25, July p. 37, Sept. p. 26. Herring and lobster biological survey, ''Delaware" conducts; Nov. p. 16. Lobster and sea herring population studies contin- ued; Jan, p. 41, July p. 37, Sept. p. 27. Record set for days at sea by R/V "Albatross IV": Aug. p. 38. NORTH CAROLINA Net, channel, for shrimp in ; Nov. p. 24. Sea bass trap fishery, gear and technique of the; Apr. p. 15. Species composition of the fishery; July p. 1. industrial fish NORTHEAST ATLANTIC FISHERIES COMMISSION Fourth meeting held in Edinburgh; Aug. p. 51. NORTHEAST ATLANTIC FISHERIES POLICING CONFERENCE Second session to meet in London; Mar. p. 40. NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTER- NATIONAL Twelfth annual meeting; Jan. p. 60. NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION, INTER- NATIONAL Abstention line, Japan asks removal of; Aug. p. 50. Treaty, Japanese official discusses its renegotiation with Canada and U. S.; Dec. p. 47. NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES EXPLORATIONS AND GEAR DEVELOPMENT Hake: population surveyed; Oct. p. 12. schools, 'Cobb" cruise finds small; Nov. p. 17. Pelagic trawls: gear research conducted by M/V "'St. Michael"; Feb. p. 27. modified: tested by M/V "Commando"; Sept. p. 27. tested by M/V "Western Flyer"; Jan. p. 42. NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS Salmon research cruises, summer 1966; July p. 40, Dec. p. 15. NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL Seals, harp and hood, protocol enters into force concerning; July p. 58. Sixteenth annual meeting; Sept. p. 37. NORTHWEST PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL Meetings (between Japan and USSR); Apr. p. 53, May p. 40, June p. 48, July p. 59, Dec. p. 47. 31 NORWAY Baiting machine, long-line, developed; Mar. p. 65. Canned fish exports, Jan. 1-July 16, 1966; Nov. p. 41. Charts, fishing, of India's west coast to be published by ; June p. 70. Cod and herring fishery trends; June p. 81, Julyp. 86. Container, floating plastic fish, tested; Mar. p. 65. Export(s): canned fish trends; Feb. p. 79, Mar. p. 64, May p. 61, July p. 87. fishery products at record level in 1965; Mar. p. 63. frozen fish sales by cooperative group at record level; Feb. p. 78. Exvessel prices for industrial fish in 1966; Mar. p. 63. Fishing limits, Nordic countries recommend new; Jan. p. 65. Fish meal and oil production at record level in first half of 1966; Sept. p. 68. Ghana, fisheries aid given to; Sept. p. 53. Groundfish shortages causing problems for some processors; July p. 57. Herring: fishery opens with heavy catches in early 1966; May p. 61. purse-seiners: automated, new, for fishery; May p. 61. cost of typical new; Mar. p. 64. whaling factoryship ("Kosmos IV") may be shifted to fishery; June p. 81. Korea, South, loans, private commercial, promised by and Netherlands; Dec. p. 68. Landings, foreign fishery, ban on, may be relaxed; June p. 81. Oceanographic program reviewed; July p. 86. Oysters, seed, exported to France and Denmark; Aug. p. 68. Research conducted by three nations (USSR, United Kingdom, and ); Dec. p. 48. Trawlers, stern, last of seven delivered to Ghana; Wino. fishing off the coast of; July p. 100, Aug. p. 77. Vessel, new research ("La Salle"), delivered to Venezuela; May p. 81. Whale oil, Antarctic: production drops in 1965/66; July p. 87. sold in advance, 1965/66 season output; Feb. p. 79. Whaling, joint venture with Japan under way; Dec. p-) Git. NORWEGIAN SEA Herring research by USSR, Norway and Iceland in; June p. 45. NORWEGIAN-USSR SEALING COMMISSION Seal conservation in White Sea; July p. 58. NOVA SCOTIA (see CANADA) NUTRITION Seventh International Congress on Hamburg; Feb. p. 45. to meet in OCEANOGRAPHY Antarctic: biological study; Apr. p. 31. marine scientist studies squid and octopus; Apr. p. 32. Biological oceanographic section set up within the IVth General Assembly of the International Union of Biological Sciences; Feb. p. 49. 32 OCEANOGRAPHY (cont.) Boundary between Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans surveyed by U. S. Coast Guard cutter "Evergreen"; Feb p. 32. Brazil: National Commission for p- 52. vessel, new Daoos Buoy, stable, ''Sea Spider'' set in Atlantic to serve as; Feb. p. 31. California: buoy system, deep-water, implanted off coast for research; July p. 42. "N. B. Scofield": coastal waters studied; Aug. p. 18. tuna, albacore, migration studies; Jan. p. 16. Camera, TV, shows tests at 45,000 feet; Dec. p. 8. Central Pacific: "Townsend Cromwell": marine life behavior and related biological ob- servations; Jan. p. 26. trade wind zone studies; June p. 10. Coral Sea, joint survey under way; Nov. p. 36. Drift bottle recovered after 40 years; June p. 40. Earth's magnetic field, U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office study; Nov. p. 36. Eastern Tropical Pacific expedition, Interior Dept. names research oceanographer to coordinate; Sept. p.29. Engineering, marine, experiment station proposed by Southern New England group; Feb. p. 29. Gulf Stream: study sheds new light on; Apr. p. 33. year-long study of; Apr. p. 90. Hawaiian Islands, research project conducted south of (M/V "Townsend Cromwell"'); June p. 9, Aug. p. 23. Indian Ocean gives up some secrets; Oct. p. 36. Institute for , Commerce Department sets up new; Feb. p. 29. Instruments recovered from ocean bottom by "Aluminaut"; Dec. p. 8. Mechanical fish to aid oceanographers; Oct. p. 20, Nekton ring net sampler for use aboard research vessels; Feb: p..9. Norway program reviewed; July p. 86. "Oceanographer" sails on 14,000-mile expedition; Nov. p. 35. Pacific Ocean, probing of great circular ocean river in; July p. 128. Research conducted by three nations (Norway, United Kingdom, and USSR); Dec. p. 48. Sciences, marine and , 2nd annual meeting on; May p. 29. "Sea-grant"' colleges recommended by national con- ference at University of Rhode Island; Jan. p. 28. Spacecraft may help increase fish catch from oceans; Dec. p. 8. Student work-study program announced by Naval Oceanographic Office; Aug. p. 41. USSR: Caribbean Sea research; May p. 79. research device, deep-water; July p. 93. research vessel ends Atlantic studies; Aug. p. 75. vessel, new ("'Akademik Kurchatov"); Aug. p. 74. Vessel(s): hydrographic (''Davidson'' C&GS), launched; June Peak established; Feb. , to be launched in 1967; Aug. OCEANOGRAPHY Vessel(s): research: "Miller Freeman" (BCF) launched; May p. 29. "Oceanographer" (C&GS) delivered, commissioned; oan. p. 45, June p. 26, Sept. p. 29. John Elliott Pillsbury" (BCF): begins 9-week survey; Apr. p. 32. completes 8-month expedition; Jan. p. 44. OCEAN PERCH USSR Pacific fishery: Bering Sea, central, discovers new stock of in; July p. 91. , catch rose in 1965; Oct. p. 40. catch by large stern factory trawler ('Itlemen"); June p. 89. Kuril Islands, north, new fishery developed; Nov. p. 39. landings; Mar. p. 69. Pribilof Islands; June p. 90. OCTOPUS Antarctic Ocean, marine scientist studies B Apr. p. 32. Color changes, chameleon-like, Nov. p. 27. undergoes; OHIO Landings, 1965 Great Lakes, same as 1964; Dec.p.7. "OPERATION COHO" Columbia River hatchery evaluation study, launched as part of; June p. 13. OREGON Clam wastage endangers 1967 crop; Oct. p. 9. Columbia River Indian fishery: commercial, clarification sought on; June p. 13. surveyed; June p. 29. Crab, Dungeness: catch, 1965/66 season; Sept. p. 30. coastal fishing season opens Dec. 1, 1965; Feb. p. 16. Landings of fish and shellfish, 1963-1964; Feb. p. 34. Loan applications for fishing vessels; Mar. p. 72, Apr. p. 77, Sept. p. 78. Regulations, fishery, changes by Fish Commission; Feb. p. 32, Apr. p. 34. Salmon: chinook: escapement goal exceeded; Nov. p. 10. fingerling liberation tied in with Bonneville hatchery exhibit; Aug. p. 41. Willamette River: record set; Dec. p. 13. spring returns for 1965 season; Jan. p. 45. coho (silver): Columbia River: catch is best since 1929; Dec. p. 13. fall fish runs excellent; Nov. p. 10. surplus from coastal hatcheries used to seed other waters; Jan. p. 46. transplants; May p. 29. west coast, grow up in Michigan; June p. 123. Willamette River count resumed in 1965; Mar. p. 32. Columbia River system, new fishway completed for; Feb. p. 33. hatchery construction (North Fork of the Nehalem River) contract awarded; June p. 29. OREGON (cont.) Salmon (cont.): sockeye, seeks to establish; Dec. p. 13. spawning areas opened by removal of dam; Aug. p. 42. steelhead: count high at Willamette Falls; June p. 28. stocking program (Big Creek Hatchery); June p. 27. Willamette Falls fishway construction contract| awarded; Apr. p. 34. Shrimp, California, northern, 1966 fishing season closes off; Oct. p. 6. Tuna, albacore landings, up in fornia; Oct. p. 8. » down in Cali- ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD) Meeting, fisheries committee, in Paris; June p. 50, Dec. p. 48. OUTDOOR COOKERY Recipe booklet reissued, fish and shellfish over the coals; July p. 128. OYSTER(S ) Atlantic coast industry aided; Oct. p. 15. Chesapeake Bay seeded beds, EDA approves project to study; Apr. p. 35. Chinese A-Blasts affect; Dec. p. 26. Connecticut, Federal grant to aid industry; Aug. p. 26. Feeding, supplemental, of tested; Feb. p. 34. Middle Atlantic fishery; Oct. p. 10. MSX, identify cause of disease; Dec. p. 25. Norway seed exported to France and Denmark; Aug. p. 68. Opener patented for combined clam and R July p. 32. Pasture harrow used for cultivation in Willapa Bay studies; Oct. p. 21. Shell, ancient, found; Dec. p. 12. South Carolina studies; Mar. p. 34, June p. 32. Washington, Olympia, artificial propagation dis - cussed at meeting; May p. 30. PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL Halibut, North Pacific: areas! 1, 2, 3A, and 3B, fishing ends in; Nov. p. 33. area 3A closed early; Oct. p. 35. regulations for 1966; Apr. p. 50. PACIFIC MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION Annual spring meeting held; Aug. p. 42. PACIFIC NORTHWEST Salmon, canned, U. S. stocks; Jan. p. 46, Feb. p. 35, Apr. p. 36, May p. 31, June p. 30, July p. 43, Aug. p. 43. Tuna, albacore, fishing season for 1965 ends; Feb. p. 38. PACIFIC OCEAN Japan: problems, views on fisheries of North B July p. 82. trawl fishing expanded in northeast; Oct. p. 46. tuna purse-seiner (''Taikei Maru No. 23"') reports good fishing in South Pacific; Mar. p. 56. 33 PACIFIC OCEAN Japan: whale: catch, 1966, was good in north ;Dec. p. 64. sperm study, north ; Jan. p. 83. stocks, views onnorth___; Jan. p. 82. Korea, South, vessel(s): "Baek Kyung Ho" returns from north Dec. p. 69. "Paik Kyung Ho", first training, surveys north ; Sept. p. 64, Oct. p. 47. Ocean river, great circular, in probed; July p. 128. Salmon research cruises results, summer 1966, charter vessels "Paragon" and ''St. Michael" and BCF "George B. Kelez"); Dec. p. 15. Tuna, albacore: catch forecast for 1966 season; July p. 52. migrated northward early; Sept. p. 31. USSR: expansion of fisheries; June p. 89. exploratory fishery expedition to eastern ; Jan. p. 95. fishery and oceanographic studies of the $ June p. 92. flagship ("Churkin") returns from northeastern SPDEC hp Oils hake fishing in eastern ; May p. 78. North American coast, will expand fishing off; Sept. p.71. ocean perch: catch by large stern factory trawler (''Itlemen"); June p. 89. fishery off Pribilof Islands; June p. 90. refrigerator fleet; May p. 80. sealing operations begin in; June p. 90. squid fishery is productive; Dec. p. 58. vessels ("Adler and 'Iskatel'') return from re- search cruise; Dec. p. 59. whaling begins in the north; June p. 90. survey; PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTER - NATIONAL Annual meeting announced (Bellingham, Wash.); Jan. p. 65. Regulations for 1966 sockeye and pink salmon in North Pacific; Apr. p. 51. PAINTS Fish oil quality studied for OCt MDs PAKISTAN Fishing limit, 12-mile, declared with rights to ex- tended "conservation zones"; June p. 81. Frozen foods industry, status of, under second five year plan; Jan. p. 89. Hungary to get fish meal from ; May p. 49. Trade fair, Chinese to include fishery products in; Mar. p. 65. PALAU Tuna, skipjack, resources; Feb. p. 6. PANAMA Fishery developments, 1965; May p. 62. Fish meal industry: decree, new, regulates; Nov. p. 53. interest in developing increases; June p. 81. Shrimp catch and exports, 1965; June p. 82. 34 PASTEURIZATION Combine heat and irradiation to pasteurize Dunge- ness crab meat; Dec. p. 26. PEARLS Japanese fisheries agency to ask tighter regulations of cultured industry; Feb. p. 72. PELAGIC FISHING California, population survey (M/V "'Alaska"); Jan. p. 18, Mar. p. 19, July p. 16, Aug. pp. 19, 20, Oct. p. 6. Florida Straits, migrations and seasonal distribu- tion studied (M/V "Oregon"'); Aug. p. 45. Pacific, North: gear research for Michael"); Feb. p. 27. hake and anchovy population survey (M/V "John N. Cobb"); Feb. p. 26. trawls, modified, for Flyer"); Jan. p. 42. South Africa Republic, shoal catch; Jan. p. 94, June p. 83, July p. 89. Washington, Puget Sound, test fishing for hake ("'St. Michael"); Jan. p. 52. conducted (M/V "'St. tested (M/V ''Western PERSIAN GULF Shrimp: fleet built in Norway arrives in ; Mar. p. 65. Greek fishing in; Jan. p. 74, Mar. p. 52. United Kingdom fishing venture supported by mothership; Feb. p. 84. PERU Anchovy and guano bird population, USAID Mission favors Smithsonian proposal to study relationship between; July p. 88. Bottomfish distribution off dor; July p. 61. Fish meal: ,» Chile, and Ecua- forecast for 1965, production and export;\Jan. p. 90. industry trends; Jan. p. 91, Feb. p. 79. production; May p. 65, Aug. p. 68, Nov. p. 53, Dec. p. 99. situation; June p. 82, July p. 87, Sept. p. 68. Fish oil situation, Mar. 1966; June p. 82. License period for foreign-flag fishing vessels liberalized; Mar. p. 65. Taxes on fish meal and oil exports; Sept. p. 69. PESTICIDE(S) Monitoring program approved by Federal Commit- tee on Pest Control; Jan. p. 100. South Carolina investigations; Mar. p. 34, Junep. 32. PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC Fish farm development program to be financed by Australian group; Feb. p. 79. Fishing industry developments, 1965; May p. 66. South-West African canned fish bought; Mar. p. 66. PHOTOGRAPHY Camera, TV, shows tests at 45,000 feet; Dec.p. 8. PIKE, NORTHERN Michigan Conservation Commission proposes new commercial fishing regulations on ; Apr. p..2d. PILCHARD(S) South African canned Aug. p. 71. South-West Africa: boat owners request increase in price; June p. 85. catch quotas; July p. 90. factories reaching quotas; Dec. p. 71. have local market boom; "JOHN ELLIOTT PILLSBURY" Completes 8-month expedition; Jan. p. 44. POLAND Fishery trends and developments; May p. 68. Icelandic trade agreement with East European Com- munist countries; June p. 70. Landings and fishery trends; Jan. p. 91. Libya, fishing vessels ordered from ; Aug. p- 65, Oct. p. 49. Syria, aid to fishery; June p. 82. Trawlers, stern factory, new class of, to be built by 1967; Aug. p. 68. Tuna, Atlantic fishery not planned; Mar. p. 66. United Kingdom, trawlers, stern, freezer, bought from ; Oct. p. 43. U.S., fishing off the coast of; July p. 99, Sept. p. 75, Oct. p. 52, Nov. p. 53. Vessels: construction and export of; Mar. p. 66. may be ordered from Denmark and East Germany; Jan. p. 92. USSR, oceanographic research, Mar. p. 69, May p. 70. to build for; POLLOCK Alaska: USSR: exploitation increased; May p. 77. fish meal, sells to Japan for; Dec. p. 57. Japan: USSR: fish meal, Alaska bought for; Mar. p. 58, July p. 83. imported from; Jan. p. 84. POLLUTION Hudson River expels living things; Nov. p. 9. PONAPE Tuna, skipjack, resources; Feb. p. 6. POND(S) Aquatic weeds in , Israeli carp for control of; May p. IV. Shrimp cultivated in artificial ; Dec. p. 27. South Carolina finfish and shrimp cultivation studies; Mar. p. 35, June p. 33. PORGIES (SEA BREAM) South Africa Republic conservation measures pro- posed for trawling off coast; July p. 90. PORTUGAL Angola, investment in fishing industry of; Sept. p. 47. Canadian trade mission, fisheries, visited Italy, Spain, and 3 Jan. p. 70. Canned fish: exports; Apr. p. 68, June p. 82, Dec. p.61 pack; Apr. p. 68, June p. 83, Dec. p. 61. PORTUGAL (cont.) Cod fleet, modern vessel joins; June p. 83. Tuna: Cape Verde Islands, fishery development plans for; Aug. p. 69. fishery modernization plans; July p. 89. trends, fishery; Jan. p. 93. PRESERVATION (also see IRRADIATION PRESERVA- TION) Cooked salmon, stored then warmed, becomes ran- cid quickly; Dec. p. 25. Radiation of food is gaining; May p. 108. PRESIDENTIAL GREETING Meeting of fishery associations; Jan. p. 102. PRICES Canada: herring exvessel Dec. p. 51. landings are down but value is up, first-half 1966; Nov. p. 44. yellow perch exvessel Oct. p. 49. Denmark: data, mid-year, made available; Oct. p. 38. exvessel fish » Nov. 1965; Mar. p. 51. landings, » processing, and foreign trade in 1965 and outlook for 1966; June p. 60. Fishery products increase modest in 1965, but high for meat; Sept. p. 20. Iceland, exvessel set for shrimp, cod, had- dock, and herring; Dec. p. 59. Norway exvessel for industrial fish in 1966; Mar. p. 63. United Kingdom, cod fillets, firm freezes for; Dec. p. 62. Wholesale for edible fish and shellfish; Jan. p. 53, Feb. p. 42, Mar. p. 37, Apr. p. 44, May p. 37, June p. 39, July p. 55, Aug. p. 47, Sept. p. 33, Oct. p. 3, Nov. p. 7, Dec. p. 2. , fishermen ask higher; , tries to stabilize; PROCESSED FISHERY PRODUCTS South Africa production of major 1964-65; Oct. p. 49. Species identification in raw by means of cellulose polyacetate strip electrophoresis; Mar. p. 10. rose in PROCESSING Canada's Gaspe Peninsula, on; June p. 55. Denmark, mid-year data made available; Oct. p. 38. European (Denmark and Norway) groundfish short- ages causing problems for some processors; July p. 57. complex planned PROCESSING PLANT Mauritania's new ; May p. 59. Canada: New Brunswick, built in Shippigan; Jan. p. 69. Newfoundland: Community centers, Government sponsors in; Feb. p. 53. Mortier Bay, Canadian firm building large; Mar. p. 46. 35 PUBLICATIONS Fish and Wildlife Service ; Jan. p. 103, Feb. p. 92, Mar. p. 76, Apr. p. 83, May p. 99, Junep. 113, July p. 114, Aug. p. 91, Sept. p. 85, Oct. p. 56, Nov. p. 56, Dec. p. 72. Miscellaneous fishery ; Jan. p. 105, Feb. p. 94, Mar. p. 77, Apr. p. 84, May p. 101, June p. 115, July p. 115, Aug. p. 92, Sept. p. 86, Oct. p. 58, Nov. p. 58, Dec. p. 73. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, U. S. Pesticide residues in people, p. 100. to monitor; Jan. PUERTO RICO, COMMONWEALTH OF Loan applications for fishing vessels; Dec. p. 30. Shrimp trawlers may also have markets for fish; Nov. p. 11. QUAHOG Uniquely-shaped northern Decs ip. 14. specimen discovered; QUALITY Electronic fish tester; Jan. p. 1. Halibut, fresh chilled dressed, new approaches to changes in; Jan. p. 1. Paints, fish oil, for studied; Oct. p. 13. Sardines, Maine, control program found effective; Aug. ps 35). RADIATION Clams cleaned by ; Nov. p. 21. RADIATION PRESERVATION (see IRRADIATION PRESERVATION and PRESERVATION) RADIO Network, world, provides weather information to mariners; Dec. p. 49. RADIOACTIVITY Chesapeake Bay, wastes in bottom deposits studied by Virginia Institute of Marine Science; June p, 12, RANCIDITY Cooked salmon, stored then warmed, develops 9 Dec. p. 25. RECIPES Christmas, enjoy the seafood shapes of; Dec. p. 80. Clam-corn griddle cakes; May p, 11. Dolphin (ono ono mahimahi), Hawaiicalls; June p. 124. "Fish and Shellfish Over the Coals"; July p. 128, Aug. p. IV. Fish sticks, diet tricks with; Nov. p. 45. Haddock never had it so good; Apr. p. 14. Sardine sandwich, hot; Sept. p. 9. "Seafood Slimmers", a new BCF Oct. -pie2: Shrimpetti; Jan. p. 111. Tuna-chutney dip; Feb. p. 86. booklet; RECREATION "Golden Passport" on sale across the nation, new $7 Federal; June p. 122. 36 RED SEA USSR studies resources; Dec. p. 59. REGULATIONS Changes in fishery by Oregon Fish Commis- sion; Feb. p. 32, Apr. DiioAe RESEARCH Germany, East, fishery tic; May p. 48. Lobster in Boothbay Harbor; Nov. p. 18. Rhode Island, University of, marine experiment station to be established; June p. 30. in Northwest Atlan- Thailand, center to be set up in Southeast Asia; Oct. p. 47. USSR: Burma, ends joint fishery with; May p. 43, Indian Ocean, in; May p. 78. Pacific fishery; Aug. p. 75. RESERVOIR Oahe (in South and North Dakota): biological research; Feb. p. 19. trawling studies (R/V "Hiodon"); Jan. p. 38, Feb. p. 21, Aug. p. 34, Sept. p. 18, Nov. p. 13, Dec. Dey List RESOURCES Estuaries: a neglected complex; Oct. p. 27. RHODE ISLAND Landings, fishery, 1965; June p. 29. Loan applications for fishing vessels; Mar p. 72, ANoIRS. 185) Ute Quahog, northern, uniquely-shaped specimen discovered in Wickford Cove area of Narragansett Bay; Dec. p. 16. University of g fishermen's forum held; Apr. p. 35. Law of the Sea, conference held at; June p. 47. Marine experiment station to be established by; June p. 30. "Sea-grant'' colleges recommended by national conference at; Jan. p. 28. shellfish farming, research in progress at; June p. 31. ROCKFISH California, species of collected for biologi- cal studies (M/V "N. B. Scofield"); Jan. p. 17. ROMANIA Atlantic trawling operations shifted to West African coast; Feb. p. 80. Fishery landings in 1965; May p. 70. Northwest Atlantic, trawler ("Galati") returns from; Nov. p. 41. Trawlers, stern (''Constanta'' and ''Galati"'), reduce length of voyage; Oct. p. 39. Tripartite fisheries cooperation agreement, acces- sion to; May p. 71. Usnses fishing off the coast of; Aug. p. 77, Sept. ipsmivos Octa py 52, Noy.) ips 59). RYUKYU ISLANDS U. S. expert studied fisheries; May p. 70. SABLEFISH USSR, Bering Sea, large resources found in; Oct. p. 41. SAFETY BULLETIN Vessel, fishing; May p. 39. ST, PIERRE-ET-MIQUELON Polish vessels land frozen packed fish at; Aug. p. 69. SAIPAN Tuna, skipjack, resources; Feb. p. 6. SALMON Alaska: egg survival rates may be improving; July p. 14. canneries at peak activity in Kodiak; Oct. p. 6. food habits and behavior of fry studied; Mar. p. 18. Japanese purchase of ; Sept. p. 58. logging and industry problems discussed; July p. 13. research; Feb. p. 13. Anadromous fishery program planned; May p. 34. Auke Bay biologists successfully transplant; Dec. p. 25. Baltic Sea Conservation Agreement between Den- mark, Sweden and West Germany ratified; Mar. p. 40. Bear predation on under study in Alaska; Aug. p. 49. California, Iron Gate Hatchery, State accepts; May p. 19. Canada: British Columbia: catch good in mid-July; Oct. p. 50. landings, 1965; Apr, p. 55. pumps to unload developed in; June p. 57. fleet size limiting considered; Dec. p. 51. Pacific conference, United States-; June p. 50. Canned: Canada, British Columbia pack, 1960-64; Feb. p. 54. Japan: exports; Sept. p. 60. prices for 1966, domestic market; Sept. p. 61. "Plentiful List, " on USDA's; Dec. p. 6. Chinook: Columbia River: fingerling liberation tied in with Bonneville hatchery exhibit; Aug. p. 41. hatchery evaluation project ("Operation Fin Clip") shows promising results; May p. 21. escapement goal exceeded; Nov. p. 10. Oregon, Willamette River: fall count set record; Dec. p. 13. spring returns for 1965 season; Jan. p. 45. perpetuate themselves in new environment; Oct. p. 13. Washington State Wind River fishway improved; Apriapato Yakima Indian Reservation in Washington, finger- lings planted on; Sept. p. 33. Greenland: catch declines in 1965; Mar. p. 52. trends, fishery; Jan. p. 75. International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, regulations for 1966 sockeye and pink in North Pacific; Apr. p. 51. Japan: catcher vessels laid-up; Sept. p. 60. Chukchi Sea, poor results in exploration for; Nov. p. 42. : SALMON (cont. ) Japan (cont. ): culture developments; Sept. p. 60. fleet, North Pacific, quota set for; July p. 81. Coho (silver): Columbia River, "operation coho" launched as part of hatchery evaluation study; June p. 13. Michigan: introduces for sport fishing; Feb. p. 17. planting, first; Jan. p. 32, Feb. p. 18, June p. 17, July p. 24. west coast grow up in; June p. 123. Oregon: seed other waters, surplus from coastal hatch- eries used to; Jan. p. 46. status most encouraging; Nov. p. 10. transplants of; May p. 29. Willamette River count resumed in 1965; Mar. p. 32. Columbia River, Indian commercial fishery, clari- fication sought on; June p. 13. Food for and steelhead, contract awarded for specialized fish pellet for; Mar. p. 33. Greenland fishery trends, Jan. -Nov. 1965; Feb. j5 Bs Japan: Arctic Ocean, firm explores for; Aug. p. 63. export prices, new, set for; Nov. p. 42. exvessel prices; July p. 81. Hokkaido rebuilding runs; Dec. p. 67. landings higher, prices lower than 1965; Aug. p. 62. Migration studies, fingerlings are "branded" in; Aug. p. 44. North Pacific: Japan: fishing conditions and trends; Sept. p. 58. mothership fishing season, views on; Sept. p. 59. research cruises planned for summer 1966 by Seattle biological laboratory; July p. 40. Oregon: Columbia River system, new fishway completed for; Feb. p. 33. hatchery construction contract awarded; June p. 29. Spawning areas opened by removal of dam; Aug. p. 42. Willamette Falls fishway construction contract awarded; Apr. p. 34. - Pacific coast canned stocks; Jan. p. 46, Feb. p. 35, Apr. p. 36, May p. 31, June p. 30, July p. 43, Aug. p. 43, Nov. p. 9. Pacific fisheries discussed at United States-Cana- dian meeting; Jan. p. 65, July p. 60. Pink: Alaska: fishing excellent in southeastern region; Oct. p. 6. sculpin feed heavily on eggs; Jan. p. 16. fry survival, spawning channel good testing site for; June p. 7. Rancid quickly, cooked becomes; Dec. p. 25. , stored then warmed, Red: Alaska, fresh-water survival rates low in Karluk; Mar. p. 18. eggs, earlier wave require the most thermal units; June p. 6. Research cruises, BCF results of summer 1966; Decry ips Lo. 37 SALMON Roe, Japanese prices drop; Dec. p. 66. Sockeye: Columbia River early season 1966 run better than expected; Sept. p. 12. Oregon Fish Commission seeks to establish fishing; Decs p. ls: Steelhead: count at Willamette Falls (Oreg.) high; Junep. 28. food for and steelhead, contract awarded for specialized fish pellet for; Mar. p. 33. stocking program, Oregon; June p. 27. United Kingdom, Soviet canned meat, firm contracts FOG; Wianwepanos. Washington: fishing regulations in 1966: Grays and Willapa Harbors, p. 38. Puget Sound, adopted for; June p. 38. hatcheries, record releases in Jan. -June 1965 from; Jan. p. 52. sport fishermen barred from commercial fishery; Feb. p. 41. trolling gear, commercial, change proposed in legal definition of; Feb. p. 40. proposed in; June SALMONELLA Time-temperature studies of fish meal; Dec. p. 26. conducted in SALVAGING "Aluminaut", instruments recovered from ocean bottom by; Dec. p. 8. Foam developed to raise sunken ships; Nov. p. 11. SAMPLER Nekton ring net for use aboard oceanographic research vessels; Feb. p. 9. SANDBERG, ARTHUR M. Attache, new fishery, appointed to Copenhagen post; July p. 104. SANITATION Shellfish, National Conference on Depuration of; Apr. p. 37. SARDINE(S) Canned, Federal specification, new; Jan. p. 101. Japan, canned export prices raised; Jan. p. 80. Maine: canned stocks; Feb. p. 23, Apr. p. 28, July p. 32, Sept. p. 19. predictions, long range, of herring supply, prog- ress in; June p. 23. quality control program found effective; Aug. p. 35. Morocco; storm damage, fleet; May p. 60, June p. 77. Tangier canning season; June p. 77. Recipe-- hot sandwich; Sept. p. 9. SAURY Japan: canned sold to United States; Dec. p. 67. catch declines; Mar. p. 59, Dec. p. 63. season forecast, poor 1965; Jan. p. 81. utilization in 1965; Aug. p. 64. USSR: Pacific, research vessel (''Ogon") studies; Nov. p. 39. 38 SAURY (cont. ) USSR (cont. ): U. S. coasts, research off; Aug. p. 75. SCALLOPS Calico, cleaner, inexpensive, built from spare parts; Jan. p. 12. Canadian lobster season not affected by ery in Northumberland Strait; July p. 64. Evisceration apparatus patented; Jan. p. 39. Pacific, USSR production and exports to U. S.; June p. 88. Sea: New England, abundance in 1966 on fishing banks, forecast of; Mar. p. 26. supplies plentiful during first quarter of 1966; July p. 43. fish- SCIENTISTS | Alaska, fishery (American Institute of Fish- ery Research Biologists), organize in; July p. 14. SCOTLAND North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission held its fourth meeting in Edinburgh; Aug. p. 51. USSR herring sales to ; Mar. p. 70. SCULPIN Alaska, salmon eggs, pink, feed heavily on; Jan. p. 16. SEA BASS Trap fishery in the Carolinas, gear and technique of; Apr. p. 15. SEA COW (see MANATEE) "SEA-GRANT" COLLEGES International conference at University of Rhode Island, recommended by; Jan. p. 28. SEAL(S) Denmark, Copenhagen, Greenland auctioned in; June p. 67. Protocol under ICNAF enters into force concerning harp and hood ; July p. 58. USSR limit operations; Mar. p. 70. White Sea, conservation in; July p. 58. skins SEA LAMPREY Great Lakes: chemical treatment of streams continued; July p. 28. control measures progress during May 1966; Aug. p. 31. lake trout fishery encouraged as declines; Sept. p. 14. tagging program for Apr. p. 25, July p. 29. menace ; Jan. p. 35, Feb. p. 19, SEAMOUNTS Undersea mountains discovered in Pacific; Mar. p. IV. SEA OTTER California population determined by census; Aug. p. 22. SEDIMENTATION Gulf of Mexico, nent; Nov. p. 36. may transform, into a conti- SEINE Wade construction and method of use; Jan. p. 8. SEISMOLOGY Seismic work, Geological Survey sets new permit obligation for; Dec. p. 31. SENEGAL Tuna, Atlantic, fisheries; May p. 71. SHAD Anadromous fishery program planned; May p. 34. Columbia River, meeting activities during 1966 season; Aug. p. 25. Susquehanna study program extended through June 1966; May p. 32. SHARK(S) Tag recoveries, reward offered for; July p. 44. USSR: cans meat in Murmansk; July p. 93. fishery; May p. 79. SHEARS Lobster for the home diner; July p. 100. SHELLFISH Depuration (cleansing), National conference on; Apr. p. 37. Red color studied by Alaskan laboratory; Apr. p. 89. SHELLFISH FARMING Potential along U. S. east coast; June p. 31. SHRIMP Alaska: behavior trap studies completed; June p. 7, July p. 14. explorations by BCF, M/V "Little Lady" chartered for; July p. 14. explorations, 1962-64; Apr. p. 1. Gulf of, USSR catch; June p. 90. Homer plant, large size processed at; Jan. p. 15. potential of commercial fishery for large studied; Sept. p. 10. resources and gear efficiency studied (M/V "John R. Manning"); Mar. p. 18. resources in southeastern waters surveyed (M/V "Little Lady"); Aug. p. 15. Australia: New Guinea, results of survey off; Jan. p. 67. trends, fishery, FY 1964/65; Jan. p. 66. Brazil, So Sebastiao, ships frozen from new processing firm; Mar. p. 43. _ Breaded production data: annual; May p. 32. quarterly; Jan. p. 47, Apr. p. 38. Brown, Florida's east coast, stocks studied off (M/V "Oregon"); Apr. p. 38, July p. 45. California: northern 1966 Oct. p. 6. to U. S. fishing season closes off; SHRIMP (cont.) California (cont.): survey of resources in coastal waters continued (M/V "N. B. Scofield"); Mar. p. 21, Aug. p. 18, Dec. p. 22. Canned: Federal specification for Japanese export(s): monthly data; Jan. p. 80, Feb. p. 66. price is up; Dec. p. 66. Caribbean and Tropical Atlantic, trawling explora- tions (M/V "Oregon"); Jan. p. 24. Colombia (Buenaventura) fishery, 1965; July p. 66. Consumption: Americans, more eaten by; Apr. p37. U. S., up in 1965; June p. 31. Cultivated in artificial ponds; Dec. p. 27. Culture gains, Galveston Laboratory records; Nov. p. 18. Deveining hand instrument patented; Jan. p. 39. Ecuador: exports, 1965; Aug. p. 56. fisheries, 1965; Sept. p. 51. French Guiana industry trends; Sept. p. 52. Frozen raw breaded, U. S. standards, revised-- requirements for condition of coating; Feb. p. 88, Apr. p. 77, June p. 102. Gear studies, trawl (R/V ''Sablefish'') continues; Dec. p. 16. , new; Jan. p. 101. Greece fishing in Persian Gulf; Jan. p.74, Mar. p. 52. Greenland trends in 1964 and future outlook; Mar. p. 52. Gulf of Mexico: bait, surveys of postlarval abundance and fisheries for; Mar. p. 25, June p. 19. commercial catch sampling; Mar. p. 25. cultivation in artificial ponds; Mar. p. 24, June p. 19. distribution studies (M/V ''Gus III"); Jan. p. 36, Feb. p. 19. gear studies (M/V "George M. Bowers"); Jan. p. 35, July p. 29, Dec. p. 19. growth and survival studies; Mar. p. 25, June p. 20. migrations, growth, and mortality studies, Mar. p. 24, June p. 19. Texas coast, study of seasonal distribution pat- terns of larval ; Mar. p. 25, June p. 19. trawling fleet, trends; Dec. p. 43. Guyana exports and vessels, 1965; Aug. p. 59. Honduras landings down in 1965; Jan. p. 75. Iceland: prices, exvessel, set for herring; Dec. p. 59. Imports; Nov. p. 7, Dec. p. 5. India, exports: standards for; Apr. p. 58. United States expansion of; June p. 70. Japan: Australia, good fishing off; Sept. p. 63. China, Communist, transships from; Oct. p. 45. Malagasy Republic joint fishing venture to ex- pand; May p. 58. Thailand: enterprise, set up joint in; Mar. p. 68. firm to import from; Feb. p. 68. Landings, Gulf and South Atlantic States, 1965; Sept. p. 31. Larvae, Galveston studies distribution and abun- dance of; Dec. p. 27. , cod, haddock, and 39 SHRIMP Maine waters, method of forecasting the relative abundance of northern (Pandaulus borealis Kr.) in; Mar. p. 14. Markets for fish, trawlers may also have; Nov. p. 11. Mexico: Ciudad del Carmen, fishery of; June p. 75. international waters, plans fishing expansion in; Dec. p. 53. production improves; Nov. p. 46. trends, fishery; Jan. p. 88, July p. 86, Aug. p. 66. Morocco, shortage in Tangier; June p. 76. Mozambique, fishery off coast shows promise; Jan. p. 89. : Net, channel, in North Carolina, for Nigeria: fishing enterprise formed; June p. 79. trends, late 1965; Mar. p. 63. Panama, catch and exports, 1965; June p. 82. Pink: Alaska, peelability discussed; June p. 6. Florida: life history studies off; Dec. p. 27. stocks studied off east coast (M/V "Oregon''); Apr. p. 38, July p. 45. method found to peel; Dec. p. 28. Presidential greeting to meeting of tions; Jan. p. 102. Recipe for "shrimpetti"; Jan. p. 111. Royal-red, Florida east coast grounds surveyed (M/V "Oregon"); Feb. p. 36. South Carolina studies, Mar. p. 34, June p. 33. Trawl, electrical, efficiency testing continued ("George M. Bowers"); Nov. p. 13. Trinidad and Tobago project nears completion; Oct. p. 91. USSR: Bering Sea catch plans, 1966; May p. 77. cultures successfully; May p. 79. Gulf of Alaska fishing activity increased; Jan. p. 94. United Kingdom, Persian Gulf fishing venture sup- ported by mothership; Feb. p. 84. United States supply and disposition, 1963-65; May p. 33. ; Nov. p. 24, Associa- SHUCKING Scallop cleaner, inexpensive, built from spare parts; Jan, p. 12. SIGNALS, DISTRESS Manual for small boats; Oct. p. 34. Visible banners recommended for fishing vessels; Nov. p. 18. SIGNALS, FISHING Spain, used by pair trawlers in northwest Atlantic; June p. 86. SOLOMON ISLANDS Lobster, spiny, United States company to exploit; Dec. p. 69. SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Alaska, processing plants at Kotzebue and Golovin financed by ; July p. 14. Loans $30.5 million to fisheries in 1965; Dec. p. 31. Washington, hake reduction plant in Aberdeen, loan for; Mar. p. 73. 40 SONAR R/V "Townsend Cromwell": equipment installed; July p. 21. tuna, studies techniques to track; Sept. p. 10, Dec. p. 17. SOUNDS USSR studies fish reaction to; June p. 93. SOUTH AFRICA Angola, fishing firms in, government regulations discourage; June p. 53. Fish meal manufacturers meet in Cape Town; May p. 40. Government controls on foreign operations, fishing industry seeks; Aug. p. 71. Hake finds good market in Great Britain; June p. 84. International conference proposed; Dec. p. 70. Limit, fishing, 200-mile, industry asks for; Oct. p. 48. Lobster, spiny: exports of live increase; Aug. p. 71. plant, new; May p. 72. Pilchards, canned, have local market boom; Aug. Demiile Processed products, major, production rose in 1964-65; Oct. p. 49. Season(s): fishing, changed; Aug. p. 70. forecast, good 1966; May p. 72. Shoal fish catch; July p. 89, Sept. p. 69, Dec. p. 71. Transshipping levy, reduces new; Dec. p. 70. Trawler, stern(''Dunblane"), new, with shelter deck; May p. 73. Trends, fishing; Aug. p. 70, Sept. p. 69, Dec. p. 71. Whaling season, record in 1965; June p. 84. SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC Conservation measures proposed for trawling off coast; July p. 90. Exhibition, fisheries, in October 1966 planned; Feb. p. 81. Fish meal output, much of 1966 sold in advance for higher prices; Mar. p. 67. Foreign fishing operations off West Coast; Feb. p. 80. Lobster, spiny, Tristan da Cunha Islands, transport "Gillian Gaggins" delivered for fishery in; Feb. p. 81. Pelagic shoal fish catch; Jan. p. 94, June p. 83, July p. 89. United Kingdom may join other countries in fishing hake; May p. 81. Whaling regulations for 1966 issued; July p. 90. "Willem Barendsz" (factoryship): fishing operation plans; July p. 89. success inspires new venture; Dec. p. 70. SOUTH ATLANTIC FISHERIES EXPLORATIONS AND GEAR DEVELOPMENT M/V "Oregon" studies off Florida coast: shrimp: brown and pink abundance and distribution; Apr. p. 38, July p. 45. royal-red grounds surveyed; Feb. p. 36. swordfish and bottomfish availability; Nov. p. 17, Dec. p. 22. SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES Shrimp landings, 1965; Sept. p. 31. SOUTH CAROLINA Biological research progress; Mar. p. 34, Junep. 32. Crab studies; Mar. p. 34, June p. 32. Oyster studies, Mar. p. 34, June p. 32. Pesticides investigations; Mar. p. 34, June p. 32. Pond cultivation studies of finfish and shrimp; Mar. p. 35, June p. 33. Sea bass trap fishery, gear and technique of the; Apr. p. 15. Shrimp studies; Mar. p. 34, June p. 33. SOUTH-WEST AFRICA Boom created by fishing industry; May p. 73. Fishery developments, April 1966; Sept. p. 70. Fishing trends, May 1966; Aug. p. 72. Philippines buy canned fish; Mar. p. 66. Pilchard: catch quotas may be raised; July p. 91. factories reaching quotas; Dec. p. 71. prices, boat owners request increase in; June p. 85. Status of fishing industry, commission to study; May p. 74. USSR trawling fleet off; Jan. p. 95. Vessel owners seek to restrict foreign fishing ves- sels; Mar. p. 67. White fish industry expansion; Mar. p. 67. SPACECRAFT Fish catch, may help increase; Dec. p. 8. SPAIN Angola, investment in fishing industry of; Sept. p. 47. Canadian trade mission, fisheries, visited Italy, , and Portugal; Jan. p. 70. Cuban trawlers and tuna vessels ordered from Jan. p. 70. Fleet grows rapidly; Oct. p. 42. Ghana, fisheries aid given to; Sept. p. 53. Label rules revised for imported foods; Dec. p. 62. Mauritania's fish processing complex to be built by; Feb. p. 74. Signals, fishing, used by pair trawlers in northwest Atlantic; June p. 86. We Su5 fishing off the coast of; June p. 96. Vessel, tuna, automated, being built; Aug. p. 72. SPECIES Identification of in raw processed fishery products by means of cellulose polyacetate strip electrophoresis; Mar. p. 10. SPINY LOBSTER (see LOBSTER) SPLAKE Lake Huron, brood stock for plantings, Michigan provided with; Aug. p. 29. SPONGE Cuba plans for revival of industry; Aug. p. 55. Greek imports restricted; July p. 70. Turkish exports, 1965; July p. 91. SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, BUREAU OF Anadromous fish program: funds, first, awarded; Dec. p. 31. planned; May p. 34. regulations, new, proposed and clarified; July p. 105, Oct. p. 16. SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, BUREAU OF (cont.) Federal aid funds for restoration projects appor- tioned by Interior for: fiscal year 1966, additional; Feb. p. 16. fiscal year 1967; Aug. p. 26. Hatchery fish, comprehensive survey announced of needs for; Sept. p. 14. Research laboratory (Port Aransas) new, for Texas Gulf coast; Jan. p. 29. Tag recoveries, shark, reward offered for; July p. 44. SQUID Antarctic Ocean, marine scientist studies; Apr. p. 32. Japan catch declines; Dec. p. 63. USSR Pacific fishery is productive; Dec. p. 58. STANDARDS Blackfin in U.S. for canned tuna, FDA pro- poses to include; Nov. p. 22. Sardines, canned, new Federal specifications for; Jan. p. 101. Shrimp: canned, new Federal specifications for; Jan. p. 101. frozen raw breaded, U. S. » revised,--re- quirements for condition of coating; Feb. p. 88. Apr. p. 77, June p. 102. Tuna, canned, new Federal specifications for; Jan. p. 101, Whiting, frozen headless dressed, U.S. grades of; July p. 101, Aug. p. 83. for STEINBERG, MAYNARD A. Seattle technological laboratory, appointed as new director; Aug. p. 85. STOCKFISH (CAPE HAKE) South Africa Republic conservation measures pro- posed for trawling off coast; July p. 90. STORM DAMAGE Canada: Newfoundland: fishing industry to be helped by government to repair ; June p. 56. lobster fishermen to be compensated for storm losses; Aug. p. 54. A Nova Scotia lobster fishermen receive Government aid for ; Jan. p. 68. Morocco sardine fleet damaged; May p. 60. STRIPED BASS Anadromous fishery program planned; May p. 34. Great Lakes (Mich.), southern waters, plans post- poned to introduce in; Jan. p. 31. STURGEON Largest fresh-water fish; June p. 99. SUBMARINE "Aluminaut" recovers instruments from ocean bot- tom; Dec. p. 8. "Asherah" tested in underwater research; Jan. p. 27. Germany, East, deep-sea operated by re- mote control developed; Jan. p. 74. SUBSIDIES Canada, Atlantic inshore vessels, proposed increase to 50 percent in Federal for; July p. 64. 41 SUBSIDIES Fishing Fleet Improvement Act: hearings on construction differential » appli- cations under; Jan. p. 102, Feb. p. 89, Mar. p. 72, Apr. p. 77, May p. 90, June p. 101, July p. 101, Oct. p. 15, Dec. p. 30. regulations amended on payment of under; Aug. p. 82. trawlers, stern, Federal help build; Dec. p. 30. vessel(s): yee first, completed under; July p. 54. requests for construction , 63% are approved; Oct. p. 13. Malaysia subsidizes fishermen; Sept. p. 65. Taiwan expands tuna fleet; Oct. p. 47. USSR investments, fishery, budgets 66% for; Oct. p. 40. SURF CLAMS (see CLAMS) SURVEY Herring and lobster biological , "Delaware" conducts; Nov. p. 16. SUSQUEHANNA RIVER Shad study program extended through June 1966; May p. 32. SWEDEN Denmark fish processors seek imported supplies; Mar. p. 50. Fishing limits, Nordic countries recommend new; Jan. p. 65. Germany, East, fishing vessels sold to; May p. 48, June p. 68. Salmon, Baltic Sea conservation agreement between Denmark, , and West Germany ratified; Mar. p. 40. Tunisia's fisheries development aided by loan; Feb. p. 82. SWITZERLAND Geneva: Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas enters into force; June p. 47. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 23rd session held in; June p. 45. SWORDFISH Japan, frozen export validations to the U. S. and Canada; Jan. p. 80, Feb. p. 67, May p. 54, June p. 73, July p. 80. Middle Atlantic region, new fisheries in; May p. 38. M/V "Delaware", northwest Atlantic distribution studies continued; Mar. p. 31, July p. 35. M/V "Oregon": Caribbean and Tropical Atlantic, long-line explora- tions; Jan. p. 25. Florida's east coast, availability studies of and bottomfish; Nov. p. 17, Dec. p. 22. Workshop discusses and tuna longlining; Dec. p. 28. TAGGING Anchovy, California conducts p. 8. Crab, king, Alaska, Pacific; Oct. p. 11. program; June in Bering Sea and North 42 TAGGING (cont.) Great Lakes sea lamprey program; July p. 29. Halibut, California, studies on age, growth, and (M/V "N. B. Scofield"); Jan. p. 17. Shark tag recoveries, reward offered for; July p. 44. TAIWAN Fish culture development program; Sept. p. 70. Japan: cooperation.in fisheries, seeking further; May p. 74. tuna fishermen plan to meet with Koreans and Chinese; July p. 73. Landings, fishery, small increase in 1965; May p. 74. Trends, fisheries development; June p. 86. Tuna: albacore sold in South Africa; Oct. p. 47. fleet expands; Oct. p. 47. Pacific catch to top Japan's; Oct. p. 44. Vessels, fishing, to buy; June p. 88. TANZANIA USSR, fishery aid from; Aug. p. 72. TARIFF(S) European Free Trade Association reduces industrial another 10 percent; Feb. p. 46. TARIFF COMMISSION, U. S. Clams, canned, import duties for certain products, hearing on; Feb. p. 90, June p. 108, Sept. p. 80. Valuation laws of U. S. and of the principal trading partners of the U. S., invitation to comment on; May p. 90. TECHNICAL MEETING Fresh-water fish production, IBP (International Biological Programme) on the biological basis of; June p. 45. TECHNICAL NOTES No. 2--An Inexpensive Scallop Cleaner Built from Spare Parts; Jan. p. 12. TECHNIQUES Dangers in commercial fishing , Mariners warned of; Nov. p. 36. TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSING Heat inactivation of thiaminase in whole fish; Aug. p. 11. TENNESSEE Fish meal industry in , EDA study grant may lead to; Apr. p. 76. Mussel, harvest up in 1965; Oct. p. 10. TERRITORIAL WATERS (also see FISHING LIMITS) Dahomey, Republic of, Government forbids trawling by unlicensed foreign vessels within 12-mile limit; Jan. p. 71. Foreign fishing vessels within 200 miles of U.S. , reports of; May p. 93. Japan fishermen seek 12-mile zone; Nov. p. 41. Mauritania: clarifies declaration on exclusive fishery zone; Sept. p. 66. Japan's fishing affected by extension of ; Aug. p. 62. TERRITORIAL WATERS South Africa industry asks for 200-mile “@ets p. 48. TEXAS Federal game fish research laboratory, new, for Gulf coast; Jan. p. 29. Landings, fishery; Feb. p. 37, Oct. p. 9. Shrimp: Galveston Laboratory: culture gains recorded; Nov. p. 18. larvae, distribution and abundance studies; Dec. p. 27. landings, 1965; Sept. p. 31. Vessel, fishing, loan applications for; Feb. p. 89, Apr. p. 77, May p. 90, Nov. p. 22. THAILAND Japanese set up joint shrimp enterprise in 8 Mar. p. 68. Sa Legislation, fisheries, favors domestic fishermen; May p. 75. Marine fishery resources in cooperation with f Malaysia survey of; Aug. p. 65. Southeast Asian research center to be set up; Oct. p. 47. THIA MINASE Heat inactivation of in whole fish; Aug. p. 11. TOGO, REPUBLIC OF Fisheries development; Aug. p. 73. Germany, West, receives fishing vessel from; June p. 88. Trends, fisheries, 1964-65; Feb. p. 82. TRADE FAIRS American fishery products promoted at European ; Feb. p. 45. Chinese to include fishery products in Pakistan ; Mar. p. 65. Denmark plans a 1968 international in Esbjerg. Nov. p. 38. France (Lorient) fisheries exposition planned; Jan. p. 73. Germany (Frankfurt): manufacturers are invited to exhibit products at; July p. 41. U. S. exhibit rescheduled; Aug. p. 51. Recent and future ; Apr. p. 47. South Africa Republic fisheries exhibition in October 1966 planned; Feb. p. 81. United Kingdom, fishing exhibition to be held in London in 1967; July p. 96. TRANSPORTATION Air shipping fresh fish, container study for; Oct. p. 14. Highway loading requirements, uniform, established for frozen foods; July p. 47. Railway express petition to ICC to remove rule, Sec. Udall supports; Nov. p. 4. TRAPS Insurance, Canada offers for fish and shore installations; Mar. p. 46. Sea bass fishery in the Carolinas, gear and technique of the; Apr. p. 15. TRAWL(S) Alaska tests of that sorts shrimp and fish; Feb. p. 13. Midwater tested by ''Rorqual"’; Nov. p. 16. Pelagic, modified mando"); Sept. p. 27. Shrimp, electrical, efficiency testing contin- ued (M/V "George M. Bowers"); Nov. p. 13. TRAWLERS (also see VESSELS) "Atlantik'-class freezer in East Germany; Feb. p. 59 Bulgaria will build for domestic and Soviet fisheries; Feb. p. 52. _ Cuba ordered from Spain; Jan. p. 70. being tested (M/V "'Com- for USSR being built Germany, West, two new factory delivered; Jan. p. 73. Greece, trends, freezer- fishery; Jan. p. 74. Japan: distant-water trawl fishery, applications for; Feb. p. 73. West African change fishing policy; May p. 57. Markets for fish, shrimp may also have; Nov. p. 11. Nigeria, frozen fish landings by foreign in- crease; Feb. p. 78. Spain, signals used by pair lantic; June p. 86. Stern: in northwest At- factory, Poland to build new class of, by 1967; Aug. p. 68. Germany, East: first ''Atlantik" class launched; Oct. p. 39. sells small to Danish firms; May p. 48. Greece, Soviets deliver to; May p. 48. Japan, five, to conduct winter operations in Gulf of Alaska; Mar. p. 56. Norway delivers last of seven to Ghana; Mar. p. 51. Romania ("Constanta" and Galati") reduce length of voyage; Oct. p. 39. South Africa, new, with shelter deck; May p. 73. USSR: Far Eastern fisheries, two new factory received; Aug. p. 74. Pacific fleet, new reach; Dec. p. 57. United Kingdom buys large freezer from Poland; Oct. p. 43. USSR: catamaran, experimental; June p. 91. freezer , Danish shipyards deliver to: "Priluki™; June p. 91. "Zapoljarnyj"; Feb. p. 83. Pacific fishing fleet increasing; May p. 79. to import from Bulgaria; Mar. p. 45. United Kingdom: distant-water , landings and earnings data of; July p. 95. freezer- S fishery trends; Mar. p. 70. large, ''Cassio" launched; June p. 94. "Othello" launched for Hull firm; Feb. p. 85. old hulls, new from; Jan. p. 99. TRAWLING Caribbean and Tropical Atlantic explorations (M/V "Oregon"; Jan. p. 25. Dahomey, Republic of, forbids unlicensed foreign vessels to trawl within 12-mile fishing limit; Jan, p. 71. 43 TRAWLING Florida: experimental fish survey along west coast; June p. 1. shrimp, royal-red, grounds off east coast surveyed (M/V "Oregon"); Feb. p. 36. Gulf of Mexico shrimp fleet, trends in; Dec. p. 43. Lake Michigan studies continued; July p. 25, Sept. p. 15. Lake Superior studies continued; Jan. p. 33. North Atlantic, gear evaluation and haddock survey; May p. 27. Oahe reservoir studies (R/V "Hiodon"); Aug. p. 34, Sept. p. 18, Nov. p. 13, Dec. p. 18. Pelagic fishing gear research (M/V "St. Michael"); Feb. p. 27. Romanian Atlantic operations shifted to West Africa coast; Feb. p. 80. USSR deep-water in Barents Sea; Jan. p. 95. Yellow perch in Lake Erie, trawl-cod end mesh size selectivity toward; Feb. p. 1. TREASURY DEPARTMENT (see COAST GUARD, U, S. and CUSTOMS, BUREAU OF) TRINIDAD Foreign vessel activity; May p. 75. TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Shrimp project nears completion; Oct. p. 51. TRISTAN DA CUNHA Lobster, spiny: fishery, late 1965; Mar. p. 68. transport ''Gillian Gaggins"' delivered for fishery in; Feb. p. 81. TROPICAL ATLANTIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS R/V "Geronimo", tuna and live-bait distribution studies; Apr. p. 38. R/V "Undaunted": Recife visited; Dec. p. 22. tuna and live-bait distribution studies; July p. 50. TROPICAL FISH Box, foam, for transporting live ; May p. 21. TROUT Arizona , program to save; May p. 98. Lake: sea lamprey menace declines, Great Lakes fishery encouraged; Sept. p. 14. thrive on alewives; Dec. p. 28. Pond in Denmark: export prices, minimum: asked; Apr. p. 57. set for live and iced, to selected European coun- tries; Mar. p. 48. Great Britain, promoted in; Mar. p. 70. market trends in 1965 and outlook for 1966; May p. 46. Rainbow in Japan: culture developments; Sept. p. 60. exports of frozen; Jan. p. 81, Feb. p.67, Apr.p. 63, May p.55, June p. 73, July p. 80, Sept. p. 60. TRUK Tuna, skipjack, resources; Feb. p. 6. TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS Tuna, skipjack, resources; Feb. p. 6. TUNA Aerial survey of waters between Cape Cod and Cape Hatteras; Sept. p. 32. 44 TUNA (cont.) Albacore: California: landings down, up in Oregon; Oct. 8. migration studies (M/V "N. B. Scofield"); Jan. p. 16. catch forecast, 1966, Pacific coastal; July p. 52. Japan: canned in oil, Federation launches promotion on; Feb. p. 64. exvessel prices: Indian Ocean bases; July p. 74. trends; Mar. p. 55. Tuna Federation plans to stabilize; July p. 74. pole-and-line: landings; Sept. p. 56. summer fishery reported slow; July p. 72. price(s): export to U. S. from; Jan. p. 77. small catch causes drop in; July p. 71. U.S. export quota increased; Mar. p. 55. Northwest season nears record but poor in Cali- fornia; Dec. p. 7. Pacific coast: migrated northward early off; Sept. p. 31. season fishing for 1965 ends; Feb. p. 38. record size caught off Hawaii; Feb. p. 39. South Pacific long-line fishery, 1954-64; Julyp.9. American Samoa: fleet status; Jan. p. 16, June p. 7. landings; Sept. p. 46. Argentina's fisheries, 1960-64; Aug. p Atlantic fisheries, the, 1963; May p. 1 Attractant study; May p. 33. Australia: catch, 1965/66 season; Aug. p. 53. New South Wales, season short in; June p. 53. Bait, live, distribution studies in Tropical Atlantic: R/V "Geronimo"; Apr. p. 38, July p. 48. R/V "Undaunted"; July p. 50. Barbados, status of 1965 fishery; Apr. p. 54. Bigeye, rare, found off Hawaii; Oct. p. 11. Biological studies continued ("Charles H. Gilbert"); Apr. p. 22, May p. 19, June p. 11, July p. 20, Sept. p. 12. Blackfin in U. S. standards for canned proposes to include; Nov. p. 22. Bluefin: record season for; Nov. p. 7, Dec. p. 7. U. S. Pacific coastal area catch forecast, 1966; July p. 52. Brazil fishery developments, 1965; Mar. p. 44. Canned: Federal specifications for Japan: export(s): trends; July p. 78. validation standard, new, adopted; Aug. p. 61. market survey in West Germany; Mar. p. 54. pack, 1964; Feb. p. 63. packers association sets quota on consignments to sales company; July p. 78. specialty products, exports of; Dec. p. 64. United States: market weakens; Dec. p. 66. sales, new quota for; Sept. p. 55. Canned in brine imports into U. S.: quota for 1966; June p. 108. under quota; Jan. p. 38, Feb. p. 40, Mar. p. 36, Apr. p. 42, May p. 36, June p. 38, July p. 54. , FDA , new; Jan. p. 101. TUNA Canned in brine: Japan: export(s): agreement, new, packers and exporters fail to negotiate for; Feb. p. 63. sales to U. S. resumed; Mar. p. 55. sales slow; Sept. p. 55. Canned in oil: Japan: chunk-style, firm to market; Feb. p. 63. exports; Dec. p. 64. Cannery being built in New Brunswick (Canada); Mar. p. 45. Caribbean and Tropical Atlantic explorations (M/V "Oregon"; Jan. p. 25. Central Pacific Ocean, behavior and related biologi- cal observations (M/V "Townsend Cromwell"); Jan. p. 27. China, Communist, begins to develop tuna fleet; Oct. p. 46. Denmark industry trends; Mar. p. 47. Economic study of fishing by BCF; June p. 34. Ecuador: cannery ceases operation; Dec. p. 55. fisheries, 1965; Sept. p. 51 Enterprise, Colombia-Japanese joint, fails to ma- terialize; June p. 59. Function of dark and light muscle in studied by BCF Honolulu Biological Laboratory; Jan, p. 25. Gabon Atlantic fisheries; May p. 47. Israel fishing activity in the Atlantic; Apr. p. 59. Italy: duty-free quota for frozen change sought for; Dec. p. 61. industry seeks rise in; Nov. p. 40. import duty on frozen placed; July p. 71. market improves for frozen; Dec. p. 61. Ivory Coast, developments in fisheries; June p. 71. Japan: Atlantic Ocean: fishing and export market trends; Jan. p. 77, July p. 73, Sept. p. 55. purse-seines in; Mar. p. 56, Oct. p. 45. vessels return, large number of; Feb. p. 64. Australia, fishing off; May p. 51. bait production trends; Feb. p. 65. Caroline waters, purse seiner to test fish for ; Feb. p. 65. computer for identifying velopment; Aug. p. 62. deficit in operations, fishing companies show; May p. 52. enterprise planned, joint: Argentine; Feb. p. 51. Colombia; Feb. p. 56. Ecuador; Feb. p. 57; fails to materialize in; May p. 47. export(s): canned, plans of trading firms; June p. 72. fresh and frozen validations; Dec. p. 65. frozen: fishery products other than ; Jan. p. 81. price trends; Feb. p. 62, Nov. p. 43. quotas, 1966/67; June p. 71. to countries other than U.S.; July p. 77. to United States: and Canada; July p. 76. and Puerto Rico; Jan. p. 76, Feb. p. 61, Apr. p. 59, May p. 53, June p. 72, July p. 77, Sept. p. 55. schools under de- TUNA (cont.) Japan (cont.): export(s) cont.): frozen (cont.): to United States (cont.): rise; Oct. p. 44. fleet, distant water, composition of; Feb. p. 72. foreign vessel landings increase; Sept. p. 57. Guam, purse seining to be tried near; Jan. p. 79. interest rates on Government loans, fisher- men request lower; Aug. p. 62. labor costs, fishing company tries to cut; Feb. p. 66. labor-saving devices being adopted by fish- ing firms; May p. 52. licenses, fishing, market value increases; July p. 73. loins, frozen and fresh, export validations to the U. S. and Canada; Jan. p. 77, Feb. p. 61. market trends; Dec. 1965; Feb. p. 62. meeting, Government and industry hold fifth; Feb. p. 62. mothership, portable-boat-carrying, fishery regu- lations liberalized; Sept. p. 57. oil tanker to refuel vessels at sea, tion charters; Feb. p. 73. pole-and-line fishing trends; Aug. p. 61. prices: decline; June p. 71. frozen: export to Italy; Mar. p. 56. market high in Jan. 1966; Apr. p. 59. proposals, industry's fishery rationalization, gov- ernment takes dim view of; Jan. p. 79. purse seiner: "Nissho Maru" has successful trip; Sept. p. 56. "Taikei Maru No. 23" reports good fishing in South Pacific; Mar. p. 56. reel use increased for hauling Sept. p. 57. refueling base in Indian Ocean planned for long-liners; Aug. p. 62. resources, government-industry report on assessment of; Apr. p. 61. supply base for fleet, plans to build floating; Nov. p. 43. symposium, report on Government-industry; July p. 75. = trends; May p. 50. trolling gear developed, new; Feb. p. 65. U. S. tour, industry officials view on; Jan. p. 78. vessels, deck-carried -fishing, reduces use of; Aug. p. 62. Yaizu landings; Apr. p. 61, May p. 50, July p. 72, Aug. p. 61. Korea, South: fishing planned in Atlantic and Indian Oceans from African bases; Mar. p. 61. fleet: expansion causes concern in Japan; Jan. p. 88. report on; Dec. p. 68. federa- long lines; U. S. canner to use fishermen to fish in South Atlantic; Sept. p. 65. vessels: imported from Japan; Jan. p. 88. refrigerated, assigned to American Samoa; Aug. p. 65. Liberia Atlantic Morocco: fishery expansion tried; Feb. p. 75. Tangier canning season; June p. 77. fisheries; May p. 58. 45 TUNA New fisheries in Middle Atlantic region; May p. 38. Northwest Atlantic distribution studies continued (M/V 'Delaware"); Mar. p. 31, July p. 35. Pacific Ocean, eastern, proposed regulations for; June p. 103. Packing method, new, patented; Jan. p. 39. Poland not planning Atlantic fishery; Mar. p. 66. Portugal: Cape Verde Islands, plans for; Aug. p. 69. modernization fishery plans; July p. 89. trends, fishery; Jan. p. 93. Recipe for -chutney dip; Feb. p. 86. Schools spotted from air between Cape Charles and Assateague Island (Va.); Sept. p. 32. Senegal Atlantic fisheries; May p. 71. Skipjack: Hawaiian fishery, forecast for summer 1966; July p. 19. Japan: heading machine developed; Sept. p. 58. international investigation, to cooperate in; Sept. prot. market good; May p. 53. Pacific Ocean, central, huge potential seen; June p. 8. pole-and-line fishing reported excellent in eastern Atlantic; Feb. p. 64. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands resources; Feb. p. 6. Sonar techniques to track Dec. p. 17. Spain, vessel, automated, being built; Aug. p. 72. Subsurface , sonar studies for locating (M/V "Townsend Cromwell"); Sept. p. 10. Tangier cannery short of raw for canning; Feb. p. 75. USSR: factoryship fishes in Indian Ocean: "Leninskii Luch"; July p. 91. "Svetlii Luch"; Oct. p. 40, Nov. p. 38. Vessels: federal subsidies for construction of new approved by Interior Department; July p. 103. Korea, South, ordered five from West Germany; Feb. p. 74. West African 1965/66 season, prices, ex-vessel, and import quotas set for; Feb. p. 58. Workshop discusses swordfish and Dec. p. 28. Yellowfin: behavior and hearing ability studied; Aug. p. 22. regulations adopted; Oct. p. 15. Yugoslavia: increased catches planned; Mar. p. 71. "Jugoatlantik I” enters Atlantic fishery; Oct. p. 43. vessels, new, outfitted for Atlantic fishing; Jan. p99. fishery development , "Cromwell" studies; longlining; TUNISIA Swedish loans, fisheries development aided by; Feb. p. 82. Vessels, Germany, East, five arrived from; June p. 88. Yugoslavia to construct fishing ports; Mar. p. 68. TURKEY Sponge exports, 1965; July p. 91. 46 UGANDA Israel, fisheries aid from; Aug. p. 73. UNDERUTILIZED FISH Fish block production of fresh-water species studied; July p. 25. UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHY TV camera shows tests at 45,000 feet; Dec. p. 8. UNDERWATER RESEARCH Submarine ("'Asherah") tested in; Jan. p. 27. UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE Canadian Government increases emergency assist- ance to fishermen for catch failure; Mar. p. 46. UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (USSR) Alaska, fishing activity by 3 Feb. p. 12. Antarctic: krill fishery, experimental; July p. 94. whaling season, 1965/66; Feb. p. 84, Mar. p. 70, July p. 93. Atlantic Ocean: northwest, fishery research; June p. 91. "Profesor Baranow", Polish-built factory mother- ship destined for; Oct. p. 41. southwest, moves to exploit fisheries; Oct. p. 41. studies, oceanographic research vessel ends; Aug. p. 75. Australia, research vessel ("‘Akademik Berg") visits; Dec. p. 58. Barents Sea: capelin stocks are large; Dec. p. 58. deep-water trawling in; Jan. p. 95. fishing is poor; Dec. p. 58. Bering Sea: exploratory fishing in northern; Aug. p. 75. herring research in; Dec. p. 58 resources, large, found in; Oct. p. 41. shrimp catch plans, 1966; May p. 77. Burma, ends joint fishery research with; May p. 43. __ Bermuda Islands studied for possible fishing base; July p. 63. Canada: Bristol Bay flounder explorations; Mar. p. 69. British Columbia, trawling fleet from off; Feb. p. 12. Caribbean Sea, oceanographic research in; May p. 79. Catamaran, experimental trawler; June p. 91. Crab(s): king: canned, production from eastern Bering Sea; May p. 77. resource in northwest Pacific, and Japan differ on status of; May p. 41. production line, semiautomatic: claims perfection of; Oct. p. 42. developed; Sept. p. 71. Cuba: fishermen trained by ; Mar. p. 47, Sept. p. 51. fishery specialists visit; Dec. p. 54. servicing of fishing vessels; June p. 60. vessel, fishing, under Master; Apr. p. 57. Customs Bureau institutes inquiry on fishery prod- ucts imported from ; June p. 108. Dolphin hunting, new law bans; May p. 79. UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (USSR) Egyptian-Soviet fishing agreement signed; Feb. p. 84. Estonian fishermen to fish off Iceland; Mar. p. 69. Expansion of fishing fleet; June p. 90. Exports: fishery products to western nations; May p. 76. promotion of, to west Europe; May p. 76. Far Eastern fisheries expansion; July p. 92. Finnish fishing bases on Soviet Islands; May p. 80. Fishing with lights and electricity to be expanded; Jan. p. 95. Fish meal production 1965 high but below needs; Dec, p. 56. Flagship ''Churkin" returns from northeastern Pacific; Dec. p. 57. Fleet status, offshore fishing; Jan. p. 95. Foreign trade sections, establishment of; May p. 76. Freezer-trawler 'Priluki'' delivered to by Danish shipyard; June p. 91. Ghana given fishery aid; May p. 48. Greece: exports, fishery; July p. 93. stern trawlers delivered to; May p. 48. Greenland, fishing off, to expand; May p. 78. Guinea, gives fisheries aid to; June p. 68, Sept. p. Gulf of Alaska, shrimp fishing activity increased; Jan. p. 94. Hake, Pacific: eastern, fishing in; May p. 78. utilization; Aug. p. 73. Herring: catches in 1964, pair fishing increases; Jan. p. 95. deliveries to Japanese on the high seas; Aug. p. 73. purse seine for in North Atlantic; May p. 78. Icelandic trade agreement with East European Com- munist countries; June p. 69. India, fishery aid to; Mar. p. 69, Dec. p. 69. Indian Ocean: fishing expanded; July p. 92. research in; May p. 78, June p. 93. tuna fishing; July p. 91, Nov. p. 38. Investments, fishery, budgets 66% for; Oct. p. 40. Japan: exports: doubles in 1965; Dec. p. 56. whale products; Dec. p. 57. factoryships for Soviets, launches fifth in series of; Feb. p. 84. fisheries minister to visit; June p. 93. fishing off coast of; Sept. p. 64. fish meal, pollock, Alaska, sold to; Dec. p. 57. herring to be imported; May p. 55. India to buy vessels from and; May p. 49. Northwest Pacific Fisheries Commission conven- tion meetings; Apr. p. 53, May p. 40, Junep. 48, July p. 59, Dec. p. 47. pollock to be imported from; Jan. p. 84. salmon fleet, North Pacific, quota set for; July p. 81. scientific and technical cooperation agreement proposed with; Feb. p. 70, Sept. p. 36. Kamchatka fishermen strive to fulfill catch quotas; July p. 93. Korea, North, fisheries commission meets; Noe i OBE hae Kurile Islands, flounder fishery off; Aug. p. 73. Landings: first-half 1966 up slightly; Oct. p. 40. UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (USSR) (cont.) Landings (cont.): plan 50-percent increase by 1970 in fishery; Feb. p. 83. Meat production goal lags behind that of fishery products; May p. 77. Murmansk fisheries are expanding; Dec. p. 57. North American coast, fishing activities off; Jan. p. 40, Feb. p. 25, Mar. p. 27, Apr. p. 47, May p. 83, June p. 95, July p. 99, Aug. p. 77, Sept. p. 76, Oct. p. 52, Nov. p. 53. North Vietnam's fishermen train in ; Nov. p. 44. Ocean perch: Bering Sea, central, discovery of new Pacific stocks in; July p. 91. catch by large stern factory trawler (''Itelmen"'); June p. 89. Kurile Islands, north, new fishery developed; Nov. p. 39. Pacific: catch rose in 1965; Oct. p. 40. landings; Mar. p. 69. Pribilof Islands, fishery off; June p. 90. Pacific Ocean: expansion of fisheries; June p. 89. exploratory fishery expedition to eastern; Jan. p. 95. fishery and oceanographic studies of the; June p. 92. fleet additions; May p. 79, June p. 91, Aug. p. 74. North American coast, will expand fishing off; Sept. p. 71. research, fishery, in; Aug. p. 75. vessels ("Adler" and '"Iskatel") return from re- search cruise; Dec. p. 59. Patrol vessels order Japanese trawlers from fish- ing area; June p. 93. Poland building oceanographic research vessels for ; Mar. p. 69, May p. 70. Pollock, Alaska, exploitation increased; May p. 77. Production costs, fish; June p. 89. Red Sea resources studies; Dec. p. 59. Refrigerator fleet; May p. 80. Repair shipyard, new, at Klajpeda; May p. 80. Research: 7 conducted by three nations (United Kingdom, Nor- way, and ); Dec. p. 48. deep-water device; July p. 93. fishery, expanded (vessel ''Raduga"' delivered); Oct. p. 42. Saury: Pacific, research vessel ("'Ogon'') studies; Nov. p. 39. U. S. coasts, research off; Aug. p. 75. Scallop, Pacific, production and exports to U. S.; June p. 88. Scientific and technical cooperation in fisheries, Japan- agree on; Sept. p. 36. Scotland, herring sales to; Mar. p. 70. Sealing operations: begin in Pacific; June p. 90. limit on; Mar. p. 70. Shark: canning in Murmansk; July p. 93. fishery; May p. 79. Shrimp: catch in the Gulf of Alaska; June p. 90. cultured successfully; May p. 79. 47 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (USSR) Sounds, fish reaction to, study of; June p. 93. South-West Africa, trawling fleet off; Jan. p. 95. Squid, Pacific, fishery is productive; Dec. p. 58. Study tour on fisheries training, Eastern Hemisphere countries send delegates to FAO- ; Jan. p. 58. Tanzania's fishery aid from; Aug. p. 72. Trawler(s): Bulgaria: building for domestic and p. 52. imported from; Mar. p. 45. -freezer ''Zapoljarnyj'' delivered to Soviets by Danish shipyard; Feb. p. 83. Germany, East, ''Atlantik''-class freezer, for being built in; Feb. p. 59. fisheries; Feb. stern: factory, two new, far eastern fisheries receive; Aug. p. 74. Pacific fleet, new reach; Dec. p. 57. Tuna, Indian Ocean, factory mothership ("'Svetlii Luch'') works; Oct. p. 40. United Arab Republic: landings, fish, drop off; June p. 94. research, joint fishery, with ; Aug. p. 75. United Kingdom: Aberdeen, herring, frozen, quality dispute, June p. 94. canned salmon and crab meat, firm contracts for; Jan. p. 98. exports, fishery, to Great Britain; July p. 93. United States: coasts of, fishing off the; Jan. p. 14, Feb. p. 12, Mar. p. 17, Apr. p. 46, May p. 82, June p. 95, July p. 97, Aug. p. 77, Sept. p. 75, Oct. p. 52, Nov. p. 53. exports, fishery, double in 1965 to; May p. 76. joint talks on fishing off coasts; Sept. p. 35. Vessel(s): Far East fishing fleet receives new; May p. 80. oceanographic (''Akademik Kurchatov"), new; Aug. p. 74. research, ''Adler" and "Iskatel'' active; Nov. p. 38. Whaling begins in the North Pacific; June p. 90. UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC Foreign trade in fishery products; Jan. p. 98. Plans, fishery, 1966-70; May p. 80. Trends, fishery, 1965; Jan. p. 96. USSR: fishing agreement signed; Feb. p. 84. landings, fishery, drop off; June p. 94. research, joint fishery; Aug. p. 75. UNITED KINGDOM Agreement, North Sea Continental Shelf, between and Denmark signed; June p. 48. Cod prices, firm freezes for fillets; Dec. p. 62. Danish pond trout promoted in Great Britain; Mar. p. 70. Eels in strong demand in Europe; Sept. p. 46. Exhibition, fishing, to be held in London in 1967; July p. 96. Freezer-trawler, large, ''Cassio" launched; June p. 94. Groundfish, frozen processed products, supply situ- ation for, July-September 1964-65; June p. 95. Hake, South African: finds good market in ; June p. 84. UNITED KINGDOM (cont.) Hake, South African (cont.): may join other countries in fishing; May p. 81. Landing trends, 1965; July p. 94. Loan interest rates revised, fishery; Jan. p. 98, June p. 94. Plaice rearing experiment points up problems of marine fish farming; Feb. p. 85. Purse-seine experiments may increase herring catch and fish meal production; July p. 95. Research conducted by three nations (USSR, Norway, and ); Dec. p. 48. Sales companies in United States formed by British food firm; Jan. p. 98. Shrimp, Persian Gulf fishing venture supported by mothership; Feb. p. 84. Transferring fish at sea, new method tested; July Dango. Trawler(s): distant-water, landings and earnings data; July py Gio. freezer fishery trends, Nov. 1965; Mar. p. 70. new, from old hulls; Jan. p. 99. stern, freezer, buys large from Poland; Oct. p. 43. USSR: canned salmon and crab meat, tracts for; Jan. p. 98. exports, fishery, to Great Britain; July p. 93. herring, frozen, quality dispute; June p. 94. United States exports of fishery products to , 1964; Jan. p. 50. Vessel, freezer-trawler, "Othello'’ launched for Hull firm; Feb. p. 85. Warp-load meter for fishing vessels developed; Aug. p. 76. White fish: Authority annual report for 1965/66; Sept. p. 71. frozen processed, supply and disposition of, 1953- 65; Aug. p. 75. firm con- UNITED NATIONS Development Program/FAO Caribbean Fisheries Development project; Sept. p. 45. Law of the Sea Conference, Japan expected to ratify two Geneva conventions; Apr. p. 64. Special Fund Caribbean Project, Southern Caribbean, trawling explorations in cooperation with (M/V "Oregon"); Jan. p. 23. UNITED STATES Bering Sea, king crab catch increases; Apr. p. 21. Census of commercial fisheries, 1963; June p. 35. Clam, hard, explorations off southeastern g Dec. p. 33. Consumption, fish, in 1965 highest in ten years; June p. 34. Exhibit in Germany rescheduled; Aug. p. 51. Fish meal situation and outlook, and world; Dec. p. 4. Foreign fishing off coasts; Jan. p. 14, Feb. p. 12, Mar. p. 17, Apr. p. 46, May p. 82, June p. 95, July p. 96, Aug. p. 76, Sept. p. 75, Oct. p. 52, Nov. p. 53. Japanese explorations off east coast, trawler committee proposes; Nov. p. 41. Landings and value, commercial fisheries, higher in 1965; June p. 35. Ryukyu Islands studied by Sales companies in firm; Jan. p. 98. expert; May p. 70. formed by British Food UNITED STATES Salmon, Pacific, fisheries problems discussed at -Canadian meeting; Jan. p. 65, June p. 50, July p. 60. Solomon Islands, lobster; Dec. p. 69. Swordfish, frozen, export validations to the 5 Jan. p. 80, Feb. p. 67, May p. 54, June p. 73, July p. 80. Trade and Economic Council, fifth meeting, Japan- , views on; Sept. p. 61. Trade fairs, European, moted at; Feb. p. 45. ——™S” Treaty, North Pacific fisheries, Japanese official discusses its renegotiation with Canada and ; Dec. p. 47. Tuna: Japan: albacore, export quota to p. 55. canned: export sales resumed; Mar. p. 55. new quota for sales to ; Sept. p. 55. tour, industry officials view on; Jan. p. 78. USSR: exports, fishery, to the p. 76. fishery problems discussed; Nov. p. 33. saury research off coasts; Aug. p. 75. talks on fishing off coasts; Sept. p. 35. Valuation laws of and of the principal trading partners of the , invitation to comment on; May p. 91. Value: ex-vessel, of fish catch sets record in 1965; Apr. p. 41. 1966 catch is near 1965 record; Dec. p. 1. company to exploit spiny fishery products pro- increased; Mar. double in 1965; May URUGUAY FAO--Southwest Atlantic Regional Fishing Confer- ence, third meeting, Apr. 25-29, 1966, held in Mon- tevideo; July p. 60. VENEZUELA Shrimp explorations off (M/V "'Oregon"); Jan. p. 24. ° Vessel, new research ("La Salle"), delivered from Norway; May p. 81. VESSEL(S) Accommodations survey by BCF; May p. 35. Aden, new steel purse seiner leads the way to mod- ernization; Feb. p, 50. Alaska: king crab fishery has new ; July p. 14. taxation change proposed for ; Mar. p. 18. Aluminum catamaran planned for ocean study; Dec. p. 43. Boats, small, 1967 better equipped says U. S. Coast Guard; Dec. p. 10. Boston trawlers improve fish handling methods; Dec. p. 24. Brazil: oceanographic, new, Aug. p. 53. packing firm starts fishing fleet; June p. 53. Canada: British Columbia licensing system, new, for fisher- men and ; Apr. p. 56. Nova Scotia, patrol , new, for area; May p. 44. salmon, fleet size limiting considered; Dec. p. 51. Chile, fleet, fishing, a review of the; Nov. p. 51. to be launched in 1967; VESSEL(S) (cont.) China, Communist, tuna fleet development begun; Oct. p. 46. Conference, Atlantic offshore fishing p. 53. Construction: differential subsidy, hearing on application for; Jan. p. 102, Dec. p. 30. subsidy requests, 63% are approved; Oct. p. 13. world data; June p. 52. Cuba: fleet, fishing, plans expansion of; Oct. p. 50, Dec. p. 53. Soviet fishing 5; Heb. » servicing of; June p. 60. Spain, tuna ordered from; Jan. p. 70. USSR Master, fishing under; Apr. p. 57. Denmark, loan funds, fishing , nearly ex- hausted; Mar. p. 51. Documentations issued and cancelled, monthly data; Jan. p. 49, Apr. p. 42, May p. 36, June p. 37, July p. 54, Aug. p. 47. Ecuador, offshore fishing fleet, proposal to develop; Aug. p. 57. El Salvador permits foreign fishing ports; Apr. p. 58. "Explorer", year-long study of Gulf Stream; Apr. p. 90. Federal subsidies for construction of new tuna ves- sels approved by Interior Department; July p. 103. Fisheries Loan Fund and other financial aid for U.S. ; Feb. p. 39, June p. 36, Aug. p. 46. Fishing Fleet Improvement Act: first completed under; July p. 54. hearings on construction differential subsidy, ap- plications under; Feb. p. 89, Mar. p. 72, Apr. p. 77, May p. 90, June p. 101, Julyp. 101, Oct. p. 15. Fleet status, fishing, 1964; Feb. p. 58. Food and Agriculture Organization 3rd technical meeting on fishing ; Aug. p. 5. Foreign within 200 miles of U. S. territorial waters, reports of; May p. 93. Germany, East: expands her fisheries; Nov. p. 39. to enter fishing _ sold to Danish and Swedish firms; June p. 68. sells to Sweden; May p. 48. Hydrofoil craft to begin passenger service; Feb. p. 43. India to buy Information, Bureau of Customs to ask ers for more; Dec, p. 32. Japan: compensate owners of seized to; Jan. p. 85, Aug. p. 64. factoryship: crab, king, firm purchases cargo Heb. p. 73. launches fifth in series for Soviets; Feb. p. 84. licensed by fisheries agency; Aug. p. 63. long-liners moving from Indian Ocean; Sept. p. 56. oil tanker to refuel at sea, tuna federation charters; Feb. p. 73. _ purse-seiner(s): fleets, 3, to operate in Atlantic; Sept. p. 55. tuna (''Nissho Maru"), has successful trip; Sept. p. 36. reduces use of deck-carried tuna-fishing . Aug. p. 62. from USSR and Japan; May p. 49. own- , Government for; 49 VESSEL(S) Japan: refueling base in Indian Ocean planned for tuna- long-liners; Aug. p. 62. research , underwater, construction planned; Apr. p. 64. salmon catcher laid-up; Sept. p. 60. trends, management and operation, FY 1964; Jan. p. 86. tuna: Atlantic fleet: composition of distant water; Feb. p. 72. plans to build floating supply base for; Nov. p. 43. freezer system, new, installed on; Sept. p. 58. Korea, South: American Samoa, refrigerated tuna to; Aug, p. 65. fleet, fishing, expansion planned; July p. 85. Germany, West, purchase tuna from; Feb. p. 74, July p. 85. North Pacific, first training (‘'Paik Kyung Ho") surveys; Sept. p. 64, Oct. p. 47. return, large number of; Feb. p. 64, assigned Libya: imports three tuna long-liners from Japan; Sept. p. 65. ordered fishing from Poland; Aug. p. 65, Oct. p. 49. Merchant marine practices, builders of fishing advised to study; Mar. p. 71. Mexico: may buy Yugoslav Oct yp Lol shrimp, plans expansion in international waters; Dec. p. 53. Micronesia ('Emeraech"') launched; Dec. p. 69. Mortgage insurance program; Dec. p. 30. Navigation and inspection rules and regulations, hearing on proposed changes in; May p. 92. New England fishing fleet in 1965, Coast Guard assistance to; May p. 91. Norway: purse seiners for herring fishery: automated, new; May p. 61. cost of typical new; Mar. p. 64. "Peirce," year-long study of Gulf Stream; Apr. p. 90. Peru, license period for foreign-flag vessels liber- alized by; Mar. p. 65. Poland: construction and export of fishing > Mar. p. 66. USSR oceanographic research being built; Mar. p. 69, May p. 70. Research: China's, Communist, new built; Nov. p. 44. "Oceanographer"’: commissioned July 13, 1966; Sept. p. 29. delivered to Government; June p. 26. oceanographic: new launched: "Davidson"; June p. 27. "Miller Freeman"; May p. 29. survey, 9-week, "John Elliott Pillsbury" begins; Apr. p. 32. Safety bulletin, fishing ; May p. 39. Shrimp fleet built in Norway arrives in Persian Gulf; Mar. p. 65. Signal, distress, recommended for fishing 5 Nov. p. 18. ('Tung Fang Hung") 50 VESSEL(S) (cont.) South Africa Republic, Tristan da Cunha Islands, lobster, spiny, transport ("Gillian Gaggins"') de- livered for fishery in; Feb. p. 81. South-West Africa owners seek to restrict foreign fishing ; Mar. p. 67. Spain: automated tuna being built; Aug. p. 72. fleet grows rapidly; Oct. p. 42. Taiwan; expands tuna fleet; Oct. p. 47. to buy ; June p. 88. Togo, Republic of, receives fishing from West Germany; June p. 88. Tunisia, five fishing ordered from East Germany arrived; June p. 88. USSR: "Akademik Kurchatov" new oceanographic; Aug. p. 74. Atlantic studies, oceanographic research ends; Aug. p. 75. Far East fishing fleet receives new . p. 80. Pacific Ocean: fleet, fishing, additions; May p. 79, June p. 91, ; May Aug. p. 74. "Raduga", research sails on first cruise; Oct. p. 42. patrol order Japanese trawlers from fish- ing area; June p. 93. "Profesor Baranow", Polish-built factory mother- ship destined for Atlantic; Oct. p. 41. research (‘Adler" and 'Iskatel'') are active; Nov. p. 38. United Kingdom, freezer-trawler ''Othello'' launched for Hull firm; Feb. p. 85. Venezuela, new research ("La Salle") de- livered from Norway; May p. 81. Yugoslavia, tuna , new, outfitted for Atlantic fishing; Jan. p. 99. VETERANS ADMINISTRATION Fishery products, estimated requirements for 1966; June p. 15. VIETNAMESE Irradiate mackerel to study food; Dec. p. 27. VIETNAM, NORTH Fishermen train in USSR; Nov. p. 44. VIRGINIA Catch forecasts for major fisheries in 1966; Jan. . 51, Industrial fish investigations commenced; Apr. p. 42. Landings, fishery, 1965; Sept. p. 32. VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE Catch forecasts issued by for major Virginia fisheries in 1966; Jan. p. 51. Chesapeake Bay, radioactive wastes in bottom de- posits studied by ; June p. 12. Marine science summer training program for high school students; Mar. p. 36. Oysters, supplemental feeding tested of; Feb. p. 34. WADE SEINE Construction and method of use; Jan. p. 8. WARM- WATER FISH Michigan, research station, new, planned; Feb. p. 24. WASHINGTON Columbia River, Indian commercial fishing, clarifi- cation sought on; June p. 13. Crab, Dungeness, coastal fishing season opens Dec. 1, 1965; Feb. p. 16. Evaluation of cost and production of fish farms; Mar. p. 36. Hake, fishing in Puget Sound tested; Jan. p. 52. Landings of fish and shellfish, 1963-64; Feb. p. 41. Salmon; chinook: fishway, Wind River, improved; Apr. p. 43. study shows perpetuation in new environment; Oct. p. 138. Yakima Indian Reservation, fingerlings planted on; Sept. p. 33. Grays and Willapa Harbors, fishing regulations during 1966 proposed in; June p. 38. Puget Sound fishing regulations in 1966 adopted; June p. 38. releases, record, from hatcheries in January-June 1965; Jan. p. 52. sport fishermen barred from commercial fishery; Feb. p. 41. trolling gear, commercial, change proposed in legal definition of; Feb. p. 40. : vessel, fishing, loan application for; Jan. p. 101. west coast, grow up in Michigan; June p. 123. Seattle laboratory, new director appointed; Aug. p. 85. Small Business Administration loan for hake reduc- tion plant in Aberdeen; Mar. p. 73. Vessel, fishing, loan applications for; Feb. p. 89, Apr. p. 77, May p. 90, June p. 101, July p. 101, Sept. p. 78, Oct. p. 15. WEATHER Network, world, provides information to mariners; Dec. p. 49. Radio broadcast network, new, established for mar- iners; Mar. p. 37. WEED CONTROLLERS Manatees show promise as ; May p. 85. WHALE(S) Finback, Japanese North Pacific catch, cut by 10 percent; July p. 84. Hearts, three , with a combined weight of 1,200 pounds donated to science; Feb. p. 8. Japan: Antarctic, joint North Pacific: catch, 1966, was good; Dec. p. 64. sperm study; Jan. p. 83. stocks, views on; Jan. p. 82. Rare species caught off California coast; Dec. p. 52. USSR operations begin in the North Pacific; June p. 90. survey planned; Nov. p. 42. WHALE OIL Antarctic: Japan contracts for sale of; May p. 56. Norway: production drops in 1965/66; July p. 87. sold in advance, 1965/66 season output; Feb. p.79. WHALING (cont.) Antarctic (cont.): operations, 1965/66; Mar. p. 41. USSR plans for 1965/66 season; Feb. p. 84 Japan: East China Sea reactivated, Newfoundland: potential being surveyed; May p. 44. studied in; Mar. p. 59. Norway, joint venture under way; Dec. p. 67. operations affected by labor dispute; Feb. p. 74. Pacific, North: data reported; Oct. p. 46. regulations for 1966 issued; July p. 83. South Georgia Islands operation to cease; June p. 74. Land stations in southern hemisphere, the proposed regulation of the catch of whales from; July p. 53. Norway herring fishery, factoryship ("Kosmos Iv'') may be shifted to; June p. 81. South Africa season, record in 1965; June p. 84. South Africa Republic __ regulations for 1966 issued; July p. P50. USSR Antarctic July p. 93. WHALING COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL Antarctic whaling operations, 1965/66; Mar. p. 41. Brazil to withdraw from ; Mar. p. 41. Eighteenth annual meeting; Se ept. p. 38. Meeting of the North Pacific Commissioners in London; July p. 59. Review area situation, North Pacific Member Na- tions (Canada, Japan, USSR, U. S.); May p. 41. Whaling land stations in southern hemisphere, pro- posed regulation of; July p. 58. WHITE FISH South-West Africa industry expansion; Mar. p. 67. United Kingdom supply and disposition of frozen processed , 1953-65; Aug. p. 75. WHITE HOUSE Presidential greeting to meeting of fishery associa- tions; Jan. p. 102. WHITE SEA Seal conservation in; July p. 58. WHITING Frozen, headless, dressed, ‘standards for grades, July p. 101, Aug. p. 83. WISCONSIN Landings, 1965 Great Lakes, same as 1964; Dec. p. 7. Vessel, fishing, loan application; Dec. p. 30. in; Aug. p. 65. season, 1965/66; Mar. p. 70, 51 WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION Drift bottle recovered after 40 years DY) ee June p. 40. WORLD Fish catch tops 50 million tons in 1964; Jan. p. 55. Fish meal situation and outlook, U. S. and 8 Dec. p. 4. Fish oil exports, » set record in 1965; Nov. p. 33. Food and Agriculture Organization, trade in fishery products, 1964; June p. 41. North American countries share of fish catch drops in 1964; Jan. p. 64. Trade, fishery, establishes record in 1964; Apr. p. 49, Vessels, fishing, construction data; June p. 50. YAP Tuna, skipjack, resources; Feb. p. 6. YELLOW PERCH Canada tries to stabilize Oct. p. 49. Great Lakes: commercial fishing regulations, Michigan Conser- vation Commission: new regulations proposed; Apr. p. 25. public hearings held on proposed changes in; Jan. p. 31, Mar. p. 23. Lake Erie: 1966 hatch poor; Oct. p. 12. price support program for Canadian fishermen in area; Sept. p. 50. Regulations, commercial Michigan; May p. 27. Trawl cod-end mesh size selectivity toward in Lake Erie; Feb. p. 1. exvessel prices; fishing, changed in YELLOW PIKE Lake Erie 1966 hatch poor; Oct. p. 12. YUGOSLAVIA Fishing industry in crisis; Mar. p. 71. Fish meal imports; May p. 81. Tuna: catches increase planned; Mar. p. 71. fishery, Atlantic, "Jugoatlantik I'' enters; Oct. p. 43. Tunisia, fishing ports to be constructed in; Mar. p. 68 Vessels, tuna, new, outfitted for Atlantic fishing; Jan. p. 99, Issued August 1967 52 MARKET FORMS OF FISH Fresh and frozen fish may be bought in a variety of cuts, the more important of which are shown here. Knowing the cuts and their particular uses is important in buying or selling fish. The edible portion varies with the type of cut, from 100 percent for fillets to about 45 percent for whole fish. Whole or round fish are those marketed just as they come from the water. In this form, the edible portion is about 45 percent of the whole, but varies with size and kind of fish. To prepare for cooking, fish should be scaled and eviscerated and, if desired, head, tail, and fins should be removed. Fish then may be used for baking, or may be sliced, filleted, or cut into steaks or chunks. Small fish, like smelt, are often cooked with only the en- trails removed. Drawn fish are those marketed with only the entrails removed. In this form, the edible portion is about 48 percent, but varies with size and kind of fish. To prepare for cooking, they are generally scaled. Head, tail, and fins may be removed, if desired, and the fish split, filleted, or cut into steaks or chunks. Dressed fish are scaled and eviscerated, usually with the head, tail, and fins re- moved. Edible portion in this form is about 67 percent, but varies with size and kind of fish. The smaller sizes are ready for cooking as purchased (pan dressed). The larger sizes may be baked as pur- chased or may be cut into fillets, steaks, or chunks. MARKET FORMS OF SHELLFISH Some shellfish are marketed alive. Other market forms, depending on the variety, include cooked whole in the shell, fresh meat (shucked), headless, and cooked meat. In shell: Shellfish, such as hard and soft blue crabs, lobsters, clams, and oysters should be alive if bought fresh in the shell. Crabs and lobsters may also be cooked in the shell. Edible portion varies widely. Shucked: Clam, oyster, and scallop meats may be bought free of the shell, commonly known as shucked. In this form the por- tion is 100 percent edible. Steaks are cross-section slices of the larger sizes of dressed fish, usually about % of an inch thick. In this form the edible por- tion is about 84 percent. Steaks are ready to cook as purchased. Fillets are the sides of fish cut away from the backbone. They are practically boneless and have little or no waste. Fillets are ready for cooking. The skin may be left on or may be removed. A fillet cut from one side of a fish is called a single fillet. This is the type most generally seen in the market. Butterfly fillets are the two sides of the fish corresponding to two single fillets held together by the uncut flesh and skin of the belly. Sticks are pieces of fish cut lengthwise or crosswise from fillets into portions of uni- form width and length, usually about 1 inch wide and 3 inches long. Headless: Only the tail part of shrimp is commonly marketed. Spiny-lobster tails are also a common market form. About 85 percent is edible. Cooked meat: The edible portion is picked from the cooked shellfish. Crab, shrimp, and lobster meat is marketed in this way. Cooked meat is perishable, although packaged in containers, since it is not further processed by heat. It is 100 percent edible. --Fresh and Frozen Fish Buying Manual, Circular 20, Fish and Wildlife Service. Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior—America’s Department of Natural Resources—is concerned with the man- agement, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water. fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational re- sources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Depart- ment works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are con- served for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States—now and in the future. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY STANLEY A. CAIN, ASSISTANT SECRETARY, FISH AND WILDLIFE AND PARKS CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER, FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE HAROLD E. CROWTHER, DIRECTOR BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES — Lay 7D ~nToSEO 2) When in Seattle ::: CRISPY BROILED SALMON 2 pounds salmon steaks or other fish steaks, fresh 1 teaspoon salt 1 clove garlic, crushed or frozen Dash paprika x '4 cup butter or margarine, 1 cup crushed potato chips melted 14 cup crushed saltines 4 cup lemon juice Lemon wedges Thaw frozen steaks a shallow baking dish and paprika turning once. Combine crushed chips and sallines reserving sauce for basting. Roll fish in crumb mixture fish on a well-greased broiler pan. Drizzle sauce over fish. about 5 inches from source of heat for 4 to 6 minutes or unt brown. Turn carefully and broil 4 to 6 minutes longer or unt brown and fish flakes easily when tested with a fork. lemon wedges. Serves 6 Appetites Ahoy! Wherever You Go in the U.S.A. There are Seafoods to Delight Any Gourmet. ~~ With Seafoods £ From Special Fisheries Marketing Bulletin: "A Seafood Tour of the U.S. A.," U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. SS Ki =, SE Cut into serving-size portions and place in Combine butter, lemon juice, salt, garlic, Pour sauce over fish and let stand for 30 minutes, Remove fish, Place Broil il il Serve with ACjulf of LYONNAISE HADDOCK 2 pounds haddock fillets or other fish fillets, fresh or frozen 4 cups thinly sliced onion 4 cup butter or margarine, melted tablespoons lemon juice nN Thaw frozen fillets fish over onion in a moderate oven, 350° F., Its Mighty Goodin Mobile OYSTER SANDWICH LOAVES 2 cans (12 ounces each) shucked oysters, fresh or frozen 6 rectangular Italian rolls V4 cup soft butter or margarine 1'4 cups dry bread crumbs 114 cups flour 2 eggs, beaten 2 tablespoons milk 1 teaspoon salt Dash pepper Cocktail Sauce Thaw frozen oysters, Drain oysters. Slice off top of each roll Scoop out the inside to form a basket, leaving about '4 inch of crust all around. Spread inside and tops with butter. Place on a cooky sheet, 15x 12 inches. Toast under broiler, about 5 inches from source of heat, for 2 to 3 minutes or until golden brown Combine crumbs and flour. Combine egg, milk, and seasonings Roll oysters in crumb mixture, dip in egg mixture, and roll in crumb mixture. Fry in hot fat at moderate heat until brown on one side. Turn carefully and brown the other side. Cooking time approximately 5 to 7 minutes. Drain on absorbent paper. Place oysters in toasted rolls. Cover with tops of rolls. Heat in a hot oven, 400 F., for 5 minutes. Serve with Cocktail Sauce. Serves 6. i Skin fillets and cut into Serving-size portions. Cook Onion in butter until lightly browned. Place A of onion on bottom of a well-greased baking dish, 12 x 8 x 2 inches. Sprinkle with lemon juice, parsley and dill weed to remaining onion; for 30 to flakes easily when tested with a fork. 90 27 SI 01/94 198115 exci COR 1 ceaspoon salt 14 teaspoon pepper 2 tablespoons chopped parsley 1 teaspoon crushed dill weed Arrange alt. and pepper. 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