AYUC3X Fi shes COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Ml | hol iy * i : : ee ex “ e Fue / Bs. wv vF sant” ain “JANUARY 1951 FISH and WILDLIFE SERVICE United States Department of the Interior Vol.13, No.1 Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE OSCAR L. CHAPMAN, Secretary ALBERT M. DAY, Director <, COMMERCIALBEW IEW ‘™ FISHERIES FVIEW A REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS AND NEWS OF THE FISHERY INDUSTRIES PREPARED IN THE BRANCH OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES A. W. Anderson, Editor R.T. Whiteleather, Associate Editor Wm.H. Dumont and J. Pileggi, Assistant Editors Applications for COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, which is mailed tree to members of the fishery industries and allied interests,should be addressed to the Director, Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Department of the Interior, Washington, 25, D.C. The contents of this publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely; however, reference to the source will be apprecioted. The Service assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of material from outside sources. The printing of this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, December |5, 1949 CONTENTS COVER: BASKETS OF LONG-LINE GEAR ABOARD A HAWAIIAN BOAT OPERATING IN THE TUNA FISHERY. WOVEN BAMBOO AND WOODEN CONTAINERS ARE USED FOR STOWING THE COILED SECTIONS OF ONE COMPLETE BASKET OF LONG-LINE GEAR. PAGE PREL!MINARY FISHERIES SURVEY OF THE HAWAIIAN=LINE ISLANDS AREA ~-- PART |! - NOTES ON THE TUNA AND BAIT RESOURCES OF THE HAWAIIAN, LEEWARD, AND LINE ISLANDS, BY FRED C. JUNE wesc ceeerescccccecesececececsceeeess 1 eoeetee PAGE PAGE RESEARCH IN SERVICE LABORATORIES ....seeeeeeeeeeeees 23 | TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (CONT. ): TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: ....scecseececececscceerere 26 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL PRICES: .escceseceeseeseses 41 ADDITIONS TO THE FLEET OF U. S. FISHING VESSELS .. 26 WHOLESALE PRICES, NOVEMBER 1950 .......eseeeee. 41 DEFENSE FISHERIES ADMINISTRATION SOON TO BE ACTI- RETAIL PRICES, NOVEMBER 1950 ....eseseseceseees 42 WATE Dicsis cise Se clnterm sien teie eieieleteoresieieeialv.o cieniiecteeien B20 ECONOMIC COOPERATION ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM REVIEW OF DEFENSE REGULATIONS AFFECTING FISHERY ROUSE Gosciogs DoondboUNatCondpoodcooSaaabopddas =e TNOUSTRIES siia cic lclc icine Riricicieteleluleletelstotatcleletolalsieieia’vlalolcicl ee AID TO’ THE, PHIFETPPINES ciccic cine cinc else's olaniacic es ve 4S FEDERAL PURCHASES OF FISHERY PRODUCTS .......+++-- 29 MARSHALL PLAN AID TO UNITED KINGDOM SUSPENDED . 43 HISHERY) BIOLOGY NOLES a ceeistelitien cnirrielecieidececie nen aO ECA PROCUREMENT AUTHORIZATIONS FOR FISHERY PROD- DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE OF STARFISH ON CON- UCTS soccoceretecccrcscccccccseresecsecccescccces 44 NECTICUT OYSTER BEDS, FALL 1950 .........+++.+++ 30 | FOREIGN: ..... ReOaDADOGoUGUROAoOnSOCOsOGGGOnSo CS CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE OYSTER'S MOLLUSCAN ENE- INTERNAT | ONAL: MIESP1S-BEINGIEXPLORED: ca ncuceciniociniccincietiecictmsicn nol MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES COUNCIL ACCEPTED BY FISHERY MARKETING SPECIALIST EXAMINATION ANNOUNCED 31 UNITEDSKIINGDO Miietetcinvale/clcicl oiatela'ulalsialp (vie (alalaisleialain’s pin acd FREEZING-FISH=AT-SEA STUDIES EXPANDED ....seeeee+- 32 BRAZIL: GULF EXPLORATORY FISHERY PROGRAM: ...esecesecerers 32 COASTAL SHELF DECLARED PART OF BRAZILIAN TERRI- SHRIMP TRAWLS AND FISH TRAPS TESTED BY OREGO ORY /utts nis ereistatotaiciniee ciels ic aicrerereteniciee iclacrs on ielete mene (CRUISE he5 1S) Gaoesuoesebadoosoonesoconoas o000)) Se BRITISH WEST INDIES: MARYLAND'S STRIPED BASS PRODUCTION INCREASED IN TRADE LIBERALIZATION PLAN INCLUDES CANNED FISH 46 UGE) nooeccodondodocusoouabuonncomnooocotpososone Ze CANADA: NEW YORK FISHERIES DAMAGED BY NOVEMBER STORM ...., 33 BRITISH COLUMBIA SALMON INDUSTRY AND PACK, 1950 48 NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORATORY FISHERY PROGRAM: ....... 34 VALUE OF NEW BRUNSWICK'S FISHERIES ..csaceveees 49 SHELLFiSH EXPLORATION CRUISE COMPLETED BY JOHN N. PRICE GUARANTEE ON NEWFOUNDLAND LABRADOR SALTED (COBEN (CRUISEMNO WMG) licnjarctnaieiniaitiomielsisieter 34 COD Maikicielelctarere re arelele/erelarsteisiclejel otal cteterelotatateletets/etei= ei aieianaema PACIFIC OCEANIC FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS: 35 CYPRUS: DEEP-WATER YELLOWFIN TUNA LOCATED BY HUGH M. FISHERIES LAWS AMENDED TO FURTHER ISLAND'S sult (CRUTSENNO SAVIN pnctrctide stein reticisicnintteieeenan So FISHING INDUSTRY .cccsccecccccccccccccencseses OO JOHN MANNING CONDUCTS EXPERIMENTAL PURSE-SEINE DENMARK: Sue FISHING IN LINE ISLANDS AREA (CRUISE IV) .. 37 RATIFIES INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE NORTH FISHERIES LABORATORY HOLDS OPEN HOUSE ........... 38 WEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES ..ececceesecerereeeses 90 SHAD PRODUCTION AND INVESTIGATIONS (HUDSON AND STATUS OF ELECTRICAL FISHING EXPERIMENTS «+--+. 5! CONNEGTICUT RIVERS) 1949) J. cvecscctecsessineece 38 NEW TYPE TUNA NET ONLY ORDINARY DANISH PURSE DIRECTOR OF INVESTIGATIONS NAMED FOR |NTER-AMER- SEINE. coecs neeecumenteeee ce eeeaesesmate Oe 1CAN TROPICAL TUNA COMMISSION ...ccesceecccercecs 39 ECUADOR: CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING MATERIALS DEMAND AT ALL- PROPOSED NEW LAW ON FISHERIES NOT PASSED ..+-+. S52 EV METH UGH cicjeicieaield bleiele e/alslniGia\elcale/alcielcielaisicielcleisieisial sisiiroO, GAMBIA (BRITISH WEST AFRICA): NEW JERSEY'S FISHERIES DAMAGED BY NOVEMBER 1950 PLANS FLOATING FISH FACTORY cesseeserererereres SO STORM) (nis o ciulele es sieldd iGo vlele.elolsin'd)aioleleinejaivielelefololaleieiela etpieAe) CONTENTS CONTINUED ON PAGE 111 qeuuitil we CRT ANTLA NSH COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW January 1951 Washington 25,D.C. Vol .13 No.1 PRELIMINARY FISHERIES SURVEY oF ale HAWAIIAN-LINE ISLANDS AREA” PART Il - NOTES ON THE TUNA AND BAIT RESOURCES OF THE HAWAIIAN, LEEWARD, AND LINE ISLANDS2/ By Fred C. June PREFACE The Rye report is a digest of the miscellaneous information gathered on the tunas2/ and tuna bait-fish resources of the Hawaiian, Leeward, and Line islands; together with related information on the physical characteristics of the various land masses and surrounding seas. The data have been assembled from available lit— erature, discussions with fishermen, and field observations made at various islands in the regione In many instances, desired data could not be obtained without addi- tional field work, which conditions did not permit. However, it is hoped that this summary will be of same aid to those interested in commercial tuna fishing in these waters. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: ..ccccccccccseccs 1 THE LINE !|SLANDS: INTRODUCTION ...--- cece eseceoe eevee 1 INTRODUCTION . SEA TEMPERATURES ..cccccsescscccses 2 SEA CONDITIONS OCEAN CURRENTS ...-- wecccoens eeeses 3 BAIT RESOURCES .. WATER DEPTHS .cecececcceccccoes 6 TUNA RESOURCES TUNA AND BAIT RESOURCES 6 CANTON ISLAND: .ccccceecoee LEEWARD ISLANDS: ..... . 9 INTRODUCTION ...e-ccoee INTRODUCTION ..ceccccceos 9 SEA CONDITIONS . SEA CONDITIONS .... 9 BAIT RESOURCES ° BAIT RESOURCES 9 TUNA RESOURCES ...cecseeee ececece 21 TUNA RESOURCES ..c-ceesccesesoe eves 14 LITERATURE CITED ...eccecreeoeveoe 560 2 THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS INTRODUCTION: The Hawaiian Islands proper consist of eight major islands: Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Kahoolawe, Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau; comprising a total land area of approximately 6,450 square miles, of which the island of Hawaii comprises about 62 percent. The islands are all mountainous and of volcanic origin. Their coastlines are indented by numerous bays and coves, and in many places longstretches of white sand beaches, alternating with rocky shores and headlands, rise from the shallow waters inside the reefs. At other places there are no beaches at alls; the steep cliffs often drop directly into deep water, or their bases are strewn with FISHERY RESEARCH BIOLOGIST, SECTION OF BIOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, PACIFIC OCEANIC FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, HONOLULU, T. A. 1/PART | - THE HAWAIIAN LONG- ae FISHERY BY THE SAME AUTHOR APPEARED IN COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, JANUARY 1950, PP. 1-23; ALSO AVAILABLE AS SEPARATE NO. 244. 2/DR. SIDNEY SHAPIRO, FISHERY RESEARCH BIOLOGIST, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, COLLABORATED IN THE PRELIMINARY PHASES OF THIS INVESTIGATI 3/THE VARIOUS TUNA SPECIES CONSIDERED HERE INCLUDE: YELLOWFIN TUNA (NEOTHUNNUS HACROPTERUS) BIG-EYED TUNA (PARATHUNNUS S1BI), ALBACORE a THUNNUS GERMO) , OCEANIC SKIPJACK (KATSUWONUS PELAMIS), AND KAWAKAWA EUTHYNNUS YAITO 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No.1 + lava rocks. In general, the fringing reef extends only a few hundred yards from shore. Climate is fairly uniform through the year. Mean monthly air temperature at Honolulu veries from 71° F. in January to 78.4° F. in August. Northeast trade winds prevail throughout the year, but from October to April they are occasionally inter— rupted by "Kona!" (southerly or southwesterly) winds. "Kona" weather is often accom— panied by rainstorms which may last from a few hours to three or four days. SEA THMPERATURSS: The average annual sea-surface temperature in the Hawaiian area is about 77° F. Maximum and minimum monthly averages are shown in table 1. It is at once apparent that, Table 1 - Maximum and Minimum Monthly Average Sea at the surface, the differ— mperatures (° in the Hawaiian Areal ences between the monthly Sea Temperature maximum and minimum temper— atures become smaller dur- ing the summer season and larger during the winter. The same condition exists at a depth of 100 feet, while at 200 and 300 feet, the differences appear to May ccccccce remain relatively constant. HRUDS adodoocd The horizontal distribution JULY soccece of sea temperatures at the surface, 100 feet, 200 feet, and 300 feet, at the two ex— tremes of the year (February and August), is shown in figure 1. The thermocline, 1/Reproduced from Oceanographic Rept. No. 12, therefore, generally lies 1948, Seripps Inst. of Oceanography ,Univ. of Calif.} between 250 and 300 feet dur-— ing the winter months, ris— ing to roughly 150 feet during the summer (figure 2). Since the tunas are primarily warm-water forms, it is to be expected that the vertical and horizontal distribution of the various species is to same extent gov— erned by sea temperature conditions. The results of the Japanese exploratory in- vestigations in the region of the Inner South Seas, for example, indicate that sea temperature had a close bearing on the occurrence of skipjack and yellowfin tuna, especially in the region of the equatorial countercurrent, where the main fishing grounds for these species were located. Their findings indicate that when temper— atures in this zone were below normal, a marked decrease in the catches of skipjack and yellowfin tuna occurred, followed by an increase in the long—line catches of big-eyed tuna and albacore,. Although no basic studies on the relation of sea temperatures to the occurrence and abundance of tunas in Hawaiian waters have been campleted, the Territorial Di- vision of Fish and Game has been gathering data on the relation of subsurface temper-— atures to tuna long-line fishing. The comercial catch records indicate a marked increase in the landings of yellowfin tuna and skipjack, as the waters in this re- gion become progressively warmer during the summer months. As the season advances and the waters again become cooler, the numbers of these two species entering the commercial catches show a decided decline. Big—eyed tuna and albacore, which may be less tolerant of the higher summer temperatures, occur in the catches in fewer January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIBW 3 numbers during the sum- mer season. These two FIGURE 1 species enter the catches SEA TEMPERATURES (°F. ) in the greatest abun- HAWAIIAN AREA dance during the winter LEGEND months, and their in- Shs AUGUST creeeereeee eee creased appearance fol- lows closely the decline of the yellowfin and skipjack. OCEAN CURRENTS: The waters surrounding the Hawaiian Islands are subject to strong and — variable currents through the year (figure 3). In general, currents run southwesterly and west— erly offshore, due to the influence of the northeast trade winds. Close inshore, however, the flow is northward along the coastlines, except off the Puna (southeast) coast of Hawaii, where the in-— shore current flows in 200 FEET SCORE ET a southwesterly direc— see ge ty ASU CpISAeIME Coote oe tion. In the channels between the islands, the currents are tidal, but to some extent, are influenced by the prevailing winds and the position of the islands with respect to each other. In Kauai Channel, the main JUNE 194 SCRIPPS INSTe OF OCEANOGRAPHY , UNIVERSITY OF CALIFe FIGURE 2 current approaches from the northeast, but abruptly AVERAGE THERMOCLINE DEPTH anen ToS Bie Bavnetiloniok Glen HAWAIIAN AREA to the northwest as it strikes DEPTHS IN FEET the shallow water bank that extends northwestward off Kaena Point, Oahu. It con- tinues northwestward until it reaches the east coast of Kauai; here it divides in the vicinity of Nawiliwili Bay. North of the bay it follows the coastline and joins the main current north of the island. South of Nawiliwili Bay it joins a large eddy movement that exists south and e1\ 15 : 165°W JAN— FEB—MAR 150° 165°W JUL = AUG — SEP. ° west of Kauai. This eddy ro-— | tates in a clockwise pattern, REPRODUCED FROM OCEANOGRAPHIC REPORT N& 12 extending a maximum of about JUNE 1948 SCRIPPS _INSTs OF OCEANOGRAPHY ,.UNIVERSITY OF CALIF. 30 miles offshore. The north-— Vol. 13, No. 1 COMMERCIAL FISHERTES REVIDW «GG! L1VAVH ie vox wun = Ae wivvenw eX: 0H au ene “ony UH ¥ p . / ‘ < ie y 002 -e VMI — [SSF a = |7 : . \ en ANG | | —| i 5 an YZ 9001 “a wi | Z, PA) ATU / we —_tioniwaya eis all ff jos at hn Wen puma Wek / y ae iy AVG: (UNYH on a YAVHON INVA - OTOH VA JAM a WNIVHYT\ Ud AT Pe V7 ~ =F | a wo AS iaae— fou wy YOIYNYHVA| gcd O11 Ay CE ~ A BV AH ony Vv / Nes ; | = — } : SfA+——_ ame Y h ~ | | | hale fe) 22 —+__— . / | i] | Y | | / %) | | b | | ¢ | | Add 991 28! VAYV SGNV ISI NVITVMVH SLNSYYND JOVAYNS ‘J COMMERCIAL FISHERIES January 1951 i | 29S! 2fSi 28S! | 1 09S! “N3WYSHSIS TWISYSWWOD AB GILLINGNS NOILVWYOINI ONY 3WVD ONY HSId JO NOISIAIO TWINOLINY3L 3HL 4O SOHO93H HILVI NO G3SVE “AMBHSIS VNNL ONY WOVPdINS ‘AUBHSI4 VNNL aNI7.9NO1. WY "‘AMBHSI4 WOWldINS ANIT ONY 370d fees) QN3931 “YNAL G3A3-918 GNV NISMO113A‘ 3YOOVETYV Seg 8v61-9b6I SYSLVM NVIIVMVH NI VNNLONV HOVPdINS YOS SGNNONS ONIHSIS YOrVIN ys bv SuNMols 1) i 8S! MY My IVAV 26S) 209) 2191 6 SOMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, Noe 1 ward flow of the eddy movement passes along the east coast of Niihau; as it reaches Kaulakaha Channel, between Niihau and Kauai, part of it swings northward through the Channel to join the general westerly movement of the main current north of the Is- land and part of it again joins the eddy movement. This area in particular is given to sudden changing currents through the year. The current movements surrounding the Island of Hawaii, generally, follow the trade winds, but, occasionally, they set against the wind. Along the southeast coast of the Island, the main current parallels the shore southwestward from Cape Kumukahi, but swings northwest as it passes Ka Lae on the south, and then moves close inshore along the Kona (leeward) coast. North of Cape Kumukahi, the current follows the coast around Upolu Point. A small eddy is formed where the north and south cur— rents meet in Kawaihae Bay. A complicated system of eddies and inshore currents occur in the channels be- tween Molokai, Lanai, Maui, and Kahoolawe; in general, however, the currents sur- rounding each of these islands follow the same general patternas given for Hawaii. Information compiled from existing current charts, catch reports, and discus— sions with fishermen indicate that there is probably some relation between themove— ment of ocean currents and the location of the main fishing grounds in these waters. It may be pointed out that the most productive fishing grounds are located, generally, in areas where the main current flow is abruptly interrupted by submerged banks or islands which lie in the path of the current, or where inshore currents veer sharply away from the shore along the leeward side of the islands (See figures 3 and 4, pp.4 and 5), but no definite conclusions regarding the over-all distribution of the tunas can be drawn from these findings, since they refer only to those areas where canmer— cial fishing takes place. Comparisons with some of the offshore areas may have shown just as good fishing had the same fishing intensity been operative. WATER DEPTHS: The sea bottom surrounding the main island group drops off rap- idly to depths of 1,000 to 3,000 fathoms, except for several near-shore shoal areas (figure 5). Depths in excess of 3,000 fathoms exist off the northeast coast of Ha- waii, and, similarly, in the waters lying southwest of Niihau. A deep-water trough (over 3,000 fathoms) also occurs between the main island group and Palmyra Island. Surrounding most of the islands, the 20-fathom contour rarely extends over one mile from shore, and usually lies only a short distance beyond the coral reef. The 100-fathom curve, generally, lies within 5 miles of the coastline, although, south-— west of Molokai, there is a shallow-water bank about 1) miles in width, which ex— tends almost 30 miles offshore before deep water is encountered. Im the waters sur— rounding the Island of Hawaii, the 1,000-fathom contour extends a maximum of 40 miles off the northwest coast; along the East Coast, it lies within 10 miles of land. North of Molokai and Maui, depths of 1,000 fathoms are encountered within 25 miles of the coast, while off the island of Oahu this depth is reached within 7 miles of land. The 1,000-fathom curve, generally, extends no more than 5 miles off thesouth, east, and north shores of Kauai, but north of Niihau, it reaches a distance of 14 miles from land. Almost one-third of the remaining waters surrounding the Hawaiian Islands are between 1,000 and 2,000 fathoms and over two-thirds are more than 2,000 fathoms deep. TUNA AND BAIT RESOURCES: The two major types of cammercial tuna fisheries of the Hawaiian Islands are: January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 160° FIGURE 5 DEPTH OF WATERS cou © CENTRAL See PACIFIG OCEAN 180° 3000 BASED ON H.0. CHART 5486 HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE,WASH. D.c., AUGUST 1939. JOHNSTON I. (@) 2000 1000 Yas 20 CER fous ve) 2000 C2600 2000> 3000 ® WASHINGTON |}. FANNING |. CHRISTMAS |. @ ° JARVIS /@ 2000 to ne 2000%. G 3000 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEV Vole 13, No. 1 (A) POLE-AND-LINE LIVE-BAIT SURFACE FISHING FOR OCEANIC SKIPJACK. (B) LONG-LINE SUBSURFACE FISHING FOR TUNAS AND S PEARFISHES .2/ Of tnese, the pole-and—line "aku" or skipjack fishery is the most important, botn as to quantity caught and value received, and in 1947 accounted for about 45 percent of the total fish production of the Territory. This fishery is carried on by about 30 boats of the Japanese sampan type, varying from 27 feet to 92 feet over-— all, which operate in the waters immediately adjacent to the main island group. In addition to the skipjack, small yellowfin and big-eyed tuna, which often swim with the larger schools of skipjack, are taken incidentally by pole and line. The main fishing season for skipjack is from May through September, with the peak production occurring in July. It can be stated that the abundance of skipjack in the Hawaiian region is suf- ficient for considerable expansion of the present fleet, but if this fishery is to be fully exploited, it can be done economically only by employing boats and fishing techniques which are adapted to local conditions. Rough seas, which often prevail because of strong northeast trade winds, more or less limit the operation of main- land-type tuna clippers during certain periods of the year. Moreover, the fish en- countered in this region are characteristically "wild" in behavior, often making it difficult to approach and maintain contact with the schools. For this reason, fast, highly, maneuverable boats of moderate size are best suited for the most. effective use of chum and the successful landing of a good catch from a school. Purse seining has not as yet proved practical in these waters because of sea conditions and the "wildness" of the fish. However, the use of chum might hold the fish long enough to permit successful purse-—seine operations during periods of calm weather. Another important factor affecting the development of the skipjack fishery is the limited supply of bait available, since live-bait fishing is dependent upon a reliable source of bait for its operation. The most common bait species in the Hawaiian area is a small anchovy, withthe local name "nehu" (Engraulis purpureus), although small silversides or round her- rings, when obtainable, are also used. The "nehu" is a schooling fish that occurs over sand and mud bottoms along the shores of the numerous bays throughout the is- lands. The main bait centers for the Honolulu fishing fleet are Kaneohe Bay, Ala Wai Canal, and Pearl Harbor, where "nehu" can be taken throughout almost the entire year. Other bait grounds on the island of Oahu are Kahaluu, Waikane, and Heeia. Maui boats obtain bait at Kihei and Kahului. Hilo Bay, Kawaihae, and Kalihi onthe Island of Hawaii provide baiting grounds for boats operating in the waters surround— ing the "big island." On the island of Kauai, Nawiliwili Bay, Port Allen, and Hanalei are the chief bait grounds, while on Molokai, the bulk of the bait is taken from Kaunakakai. Other less important bait grounds, which, at present, are not be- ing utilized by the skipjack fleet, and which may add considerably to the available bait supply include: Maalaea Bay and Hana Bay, Maui; the small bays and coves along the windward coast of Hawaii; Kiholo Bay on the Kona coast of Hawaii; and several small bays along the northern coast of Molokai. How well the bait stock in these areas would hold up if heavily fished is not known. Catches landed by the long—line fishery comprise an important part of the tuna production of the Territory. Although little is known concerning the migrations and habitat preferences of the large pelagic tunmas and spearfishes, long-line fishing for these fishes is conducted throughout the year in the deeper waters that increase 4/THE TERM SPEARFISHES !S USED HERE TO INCLUDE THE SWORDFISH, SAILFISH, AND MARLINS. January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 in depth sharply away from the islands—from 2 to 20 miles from shore. The main species taken by this method include: yellowfin tuna, big-eyed tuna, stripedmarlin, and black marlin. Occasionally, white marlin, short-nosed marlin, swordfish, sail- fish, and albacore are taken with the other species. Yellowfin tuna show an in- creased abundance in the long—line catches in April and continue to provide the greatest part of the catch through the summer season, whereas, big—eyed tuna, alba- core, and marlins are taken in greatest numbers during the winter months (November through April). A description of the long—line gear and the method of operation have been presented in a previous report.5/ LEEWARD ISLANDS INTRODUCTION: The Leeward Islands consist of some 17 named banks, reef areas, and islands which extend northwestward of the main Hawaiian group to about the lon- gitude of Midway Island. The land areas camposing this chain vary from barren, rocky islands to a series of sand islets lying on a coral reef. The surrounding waters are warm enough to permit coral growth, and as a consequence, most of the islands are fringed by extensive reefs. Certain of the group, however, including Nihoa, Necker, and Gardner Pinnacle are of volcanic origin, and their shores are almost completely free of coralline growth. The islands, for the most part, are barren of vegetation and are uninhabited, although Nihoa and Necker islands show evidence of ancient habitation and Midway Island at present is occupied by a small United States Naval installation. Northeast trade winds prevail in this region through most of the year; but dur— ing the period from October to April, southwest winds frequently bring rain and squalls. SEA CONDITIONS: A series of shallow-water banks, which vary from less than a mile to over 50 miles in length, lie between the various islands in this group. In general, waters over these banks are from 9 to about 40 fathoms deep. The banks and islands are separated from each other by water depths of over 1,000 fathoms. Along the northern and southern boundaries of this island chain, the 2,000—fathom contour usually lies within about 20 miles of the shoals. The main current flow is westerly or northwesterly during the summer months. However, between Lisianski Island and Pearl and Hermes Reef, it appears to set north— ward during this season. During the winter months, the current trends southeasterly in the vicinity of Midway Islands, extending southeastward to Gardner Pinnacle. Be- tween Midway and Kure islands, the current sets southward through most of the year (figures 6 and 7, pp. 10 and 11). Surface-water isotherms indicate that the sea temperature in this regionreaches a maximum of about 78.89 F. during the sunmer season, but. during the winter months, there is a noticeable temperature drop within the surface layer (figure 1). BAIT RESOURCES: The leeward chain of islands and shallow-water banks support an almost virgin stock of bait, which, at present, is not being exploited. Informa— tion gathered from various scientific investigators and interviews with fishermen indicate that one of the most productive bait grounds in this region is French Frig- ate Shoal (figure 8), which lies on the eastern end of the chain. Smith andSchaefer (1949) reported that during bait-fishing operations of the M. V. Oregon in January 1948, species cf small silverside, known to the Hawaiians as "iao" (Atherina insu- larum), were found to occur here in considerable quantities. About 450 scoops of 5/SEE PAGE 1, FOOTNOTE 1. 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIBI Vole 13, No. 1 180° bios 160° 150° 40° onde 40° “~ FIGURE 6 SUMMER SURFACE CURRENTS > > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > > > > ‘~ > eS ae = _—— SURFACE WATER ISOTHERMS (°F.) BASED ON CHART N2 1401 HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE, WASH, x D.C., AUGUST 1949 AND THE OCEANS ,PRENTICE-HALL, N.Y. 50° Se AW, = 30° << KURE I. we A N ~n . Ssragiicet Ne ho tag oh ee Rear ee a) v) Ss +S # Ss nat Ss 4 3 Sees af = * ° < ett . a Se a ~ ~ rrigaseO One 1. * x <= a ninon O <— mo es KASAI Ss = <= ae Rm — gee neta 08 Rae <= —<— <= LARA MAG: é y 4 ¥ 20° p 20° HAWwALU de ¥ < 4 w z8.8 ow mS Beas 10° = 82.4 = i > Kincman O Reer > PALMYRA =a (OSI IOS Uo: A a + oa <- Oh eet e ° Ct Howvitimno tet < Ooennee d. ze A, 0° ks q OO weKvnar CHRISTMAS 1. << CE) ono £ H 0 E NIX ° OATS: \P CANTON 1 TAMANA MA KEAN ° CnoeR BYR It. 4 1gce SARONER, Sea neOHO) 170° <1|60° OMALCEN 150° January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW i FIGURE 7 WINTER SURFACE CURRENTS . CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN Tin, ~SURFAGE: WATIER ISOTHERMS (°F.) BASED ON CHART N2& 1401 HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE, WASH, D.C omNnU a i MoLoKal = wr LAS ey ans WASHINGTON |}. ko O FRRANING 1. 78.8 HOWLAND 1. O CHRISTMAS \. oo BO eaken Ss = — =a Ios 0 sarevist. OO Nese see axe ore qu x Ista O OAzecRA: CANTON |. N D Ss i SEN Biaqn O enoeERsury ilo Maes LO 1 ONOlensmnit 180° carvonertasvosrrQ O 170° L COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 1 this species were taken by the Oregon on the sandy beaches surrounding East andTern islands during 10 days fishing and exploring. The following August the Oregon re- turned to the area for a second load of bait. Eckels (1949) reported that about 300 scoops of "iao™ were caught in the shallow waters surrounding East Island during two days. An additional 78 scoops of the same species were taken during two days fish- ing off Gin and Little Gen islands, and over 500 scoops were caught in depths of 3 to 15 feet off Tern Island during two days. He concludes, "whether the stock of 'jao'! present in this area would maintain a sizable bait fishery is not known. How- ever, quantities of bait sufficient to supply at least two or possibly three tuna clippers the size of the Oregon were present during the August period when the ves— sel was at French Frigate Shoals." On a visit to the Shoal by the author aboard a Coast Guard vessel on May 18, 1949, the waters surrounding several of the small islets were scouted for bait. A three-day "Kona" storm had ended the day prior to our arrival and the small fish were not seen along the beaches, but occurred in the deeper waters among the coral heads. Most of the islets are surrounded by sand beaches, which are frequently in- terrupted by patches of coral. Bait-netting operations could be carried on along many of these beaches at places where breaks in the coral occur. A surround—type net, between 80 and 100 feet in length and about 12 feet in depth, of one-half inch stretched mesh, and with a heavily leaded bottom, would perhaps be most satisfactory. The net could either be stretched across the outer limits of a sand beach andworked in toward shore, or it could be paid out froma skiff, with one end of the net held on shore as the skiff moved in a half circle around the bait. The transfer of fish from the bunt of the net could be made, either to a skiff equipped with a bait com— partment or to shallow-—draft (not more than 18 inches) bait receivers. Information gathered from fishermen stationed at Tern Island indicate that the "jao" periodically occur in large schools in the shallow waters surrounding most of the islets at French Frigate Shoal. They appear to be quite tame and are not easily frightened when surrounded by a net. A small round herring, known locally as "piha" (Spratelloides delicatulus), is found throughout the area, but it occurs sporadically, as is characteristic of this species in the Hawaiian Islands. Both "iao" and "piha" apparently occur in greatest abundance during the summer months. It has been ob— served that during the winter months, when stormy weather conditions frequently pre- vail in this area, these small fish often disappear from the sand beaches surround— ing the islets. Consequently, bait fishing may at times be restricted during the seasone Several investigators have reported the occurrence of various Species of small fish in certain areas lying to the northwest of French Frigate Shoal, This infor— mation is scanty and is not supported by any commercial attempts to exploit these bait stocks, but it does offer some data regarding the distribution of bait fish in the Leeward Island chain. Pietschman (1938) reports "many individuals" of "iao," "piha," and "aholehole" (Kuhlia marginata) at Pearl and Hermes Reef. Galtsoff (1933), in a biological sur- vey of the area from July 15 to September 1, 1930, stated that many small fishabound in the lagoon at Pearl and Hermes, among which he listed "iao" and a species of ml- let (Mugil cephalus) e it is not known whether these various species occur in this area in sufficient quantities to support a sizable bait fishery. However, it is to be expected that the large lagoon and reef areas should support a fairly abundant bait stock, since the topography of this area is very similar to French Frigate Shoal, which lies at the eastern end of this chain, and where considerable quanti- ties of bait are present. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW January 1951 y nied grin @ oy nin 8 SYNdId pe eae SWOHLVI Ni SONIGNNOS SIVOHS 31V9IYsS HONIYS BIWWNANIS Bonewtid Wa 14 MMERCIAL FISHERIES REVISW Vol. 13, No. 1 At Lisianski Island, Pietschman reports the occurrence of "piha" but says noth— ing about its abundance. ‘Fowler and Ball (1925) state that the sandy bays and coves of this island supported "myriads of a relatively small number of species," among which "aholehele" was recorded as occurring in the millions. "Piha" and "iao" are also reported. These authors also reported "aholehole'" as being common at Laysan Island. Recent information indicates that "aholehole" is abundant at Midway Islands during the spring and early summer months. "Jao" similarly occur in some numbers during the spring months. Nothing more is known concerning the occurrence of other bait species. Our observations and those made by the scientific personnel aboard the Oregon and others in the Leeward Island chain indicate that this area appears to be the most promising source of bait for tuna vessels operating in this region. However, no definite conclusions can be stated at this tine as to the magnitude of the bait supply and variations in abundance through the year. It will be necessary for fre- quent and extended observations to be carried on at various intervals through the year and over the entire area. If it could be shown that the stock of "liao" at French Frigate Shoal is sufficient to provide a supply of bait for intensive live-— bait operations, an independent live-bait fishery, which would catch and hold bait in containers from which tuna boats could obtain bait, could easily be established and maintained on one of the islets, or clipper ships could obtain bait by the meth— ods already described. TUNA RESOURCES: There is some information available concerning the distribution of tunas in the adjacent waters of the Leeward Island chain, although at present this region is not being exploited for these pelagic fish. Various reports indicate that yellowfin tuna, oceanic skipjack, and "kawakawa" may occur in this region in impor— tant quantities. During the exploratory fishing cruise of the N. Be Scofield (in the summer of 1948) in the waters extending northwestward of the Hawaiian Islands proper to French Frigate Shoal, oceanic skipjack were found to be plentiful over she shallow banks in this area. Yellowfin tuna were also present but, almost invariably, they were found mixed with skipjack. "Kawakawa! were taken exclusively in the shallowest wa- ters over the banks. The best fishing in this region was on the slope of the banks, where the sea bottom dropped off rapidly from 40 or 50 fathoms to prevailing depths. In August 1948, the Oregon explored the banks to the northwest of French Frigate Shoal for tuna. "Kawakawa" were found to be rather numerous between Brooks Bank and Gardner Pinnacle, but few yellowfin and oceanic skipjack were encountered. Never- theless, some fish were caught by trolling and by pole and line. During the summer of 1948 several fishermen stationed at French Frigate Shoal fished long lines for yellowfin tuna in the waters lying just outside the fringing reef along the northeast side of the Shoal. Using 16 baskets of gear, with a total of 80 hooks, they were able to catch from 25 to 40 fish a day, which shows a higher catch ver unit of effort than is common in Hawaiian waters. During our cruise to French Frigate Shoal in May 1949, seven schools of tuna were sighted in the vicintiy of the Shoal. One school was identified as yellowfin tuna and appeared to be about three quarters of a mile in length at the surface. An- other school, tentatively identified as oceanic skipjack, was about the same size as the school of yellowfin. The other schools seen were not close enough to permit D, FEBRUARY 1948 DEPTH ats; ot ome od en UARY 1948 a [s8) tt re a za a < =z) (e) Ee ” 2 _f O x ” WwW) = a= 4 2 a w x= Oo = WW ao Ls. | TEMPERATURES IN °F, N- REG -M. V. i Kili a a SS | 2 SSS — SS) y7 — = > See BATHY THERMOGRAPH DATA- | 6 ah pI A anc PE EES SG ARTY ED LS Oe tg ‘ a a ee a py Pagina eae ; 4 TAQ) HARRDOMASH EMHT AD OA atl RA Pn a cm January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 identification. Six of these schools were seen under flocks of birds. In addition, about 15 flocks of birds, which appeared to be "working" over schools of fish, were sighted between Nihoa and French Frigate Shoal. Discussions with Hawaiian fishermen (engaged in hand lining for bottom fish over the shallow-water banks in this region) indicate that schools of yellowfin, oceanic skipjack, and "kawakawa" are invariably seen on the cruises to and from the fishing grounds. Schools of yellowfin, a mile or so in length at the surface, have been seen. They report oceanic skipjack and yellowfin as most common during the summer months, although some tuna are caught on trolled lures throughout the year. THE LINE ISLANDS INTRODUCTION: The Line Island chain is composed of some 17 scattered atolls and reef areas which run from about 6° N. latitude to just below the Equator near 1600 W. longitude. One of the largest coral islands in this group is Christmas, which has a total land area of about 160 square miles. These islands are separated from each other by waters which are over 1,000 fathoms deep. Most of the islands are surrounded by fringing reefs enclosing a central lagoon. Outside of the reefs the sea bottom drops off to great depths within only a short distance of the limits of the coral. The prevailing winds in this region blow from the east through the year. Fre- quent line squalls, usually only of short duration, blow fram the southeast; however, fair weather may be expected during most of the year. SEA CONDITIONS: The Line Islands are situated partially within the region of the equatorial countercurrent, and as a consequence, the conditions produced by the wa- ter movements in this zone may be expected to greatly affect the biological produc- tivity of the surrounding seas. The north equatorial current originates off Central America and remains in the Northern Hemisphere as it moves across the entire Pacific Ocean. In the region of the Line Islands, it extends southward to about 80 N. latitude during the greatest part of the year. The south equatorial current is present on both sides of the Equator, reaching northward to about 5° N. latitude. Lying between the two, the equatorial countercurrent flows eastward, reaching velocities up to two knots at the surface, as it moves farther northward from the Equator during the northern summer. As a result of forces arising from the earth's rotation, causing transverse circu- lations, divergences arise at the northern boundary of the equatorial countercurrent and along the Equator, while at the southern boundary of the countercurrent, a con-— vergence occurs. These current divergences (at the Equator and at the northern boundary of the countercurrent) cause the deeper waters, which are rich in plant nutrients, to rise to the surface. Within the surface layer, where light is suffi- cient for photosynthetic processes, these nutrients may be utilized by the micro- scopic plant life living in this zone. These plants provide the basic food source, which indirectly provides the food supply for the large pelagic fish. It is to be expected, therefore, that the tunas may be encountered in abundance in these lati- tudes, as indeed is the case farther to the westward, where (prior to World War II) the major tuna fishing areas exploited by the Japanese in the South Seas centered between O° and 7° N. latitude, extending as far eastward as 160° FE. longitude. The data compiled by Japanese research vessels operating in this region point out that the best fishing grounds, for the most part, were located within the limits of the equatorial countercurrent, with yellowfin tuna heading the list of species caught. 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 1 Surface water isotherms show little horizontal variation in sea temperatures in the region of the Line Islands; the only apparent difference occurs at the two extremes of the ge (figures 6 and 7). depth to the piabeting 3 however, varies greatly inthis zone due to the up- welling associated with the equatorial counter- current. The data record- edby the Oregon in Feb- ruary 1948 (figure 9) in- dicates that, near the Equator, the least depth to the thermocline was found to be about 270 feet, while the greatest FIGURE 10 - VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE IN LONGITUDE 140° w.. BETWEEN 102 S. AND 20° N. IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN. depth was 400 feet at 1° ACCORDING TO OBSERVATIONS MADE BY THE CARNEGIE, OCTOBER 192¢ N. latitude. The Car- (REPRODUCED FROM THE OCEANS, PRENTICE HALL, N. aye foaiguieicsnse, Sr ilarly, indicate a great Bare es in depth to the thermocline in a north-south direction in the waters lying east of this island chain (figure 10). The thermo- cline lies closest to the surface, of course, where the upwelling occurs along the divergences. The variations in thermocline depth must be taken into consideration with re- spect to long—line operations in this area, for in all likelihood, the vertical dis— tribution of the tunas is influenced to a large extent by subsurface tanperature conditions. The results of the Japanese exploratory investigations, for example, indicate that water temperature at the 100-meter stratum is most closely related to long-line fishing for yellowfin tuna in the equatorial regions lying to the west— ward of the Line Islands. Within the limits of the equatorial countercurrent (where yellowfin were found to be most abundant), the best catches were made when tenper— atures at a depth of 100 meters were over 20° C. (680 F.) BAIT RESOURCES: The only definite information on the bait fish resources of this area is that pertaining to Palmyra Island (figure 11). Ona survey trip to Palmyra by the author in June 1949, the entire island was scouted for bait. Itwas immediately obvious that fish of the size suitable for use as live bait were most plentiful in East Lagoon. These were primarily species of the mullet family (Mugil crenilabis, M. vaigiensis, and M. trichilus), varying fram one inch to over6é inches in length. The mullet occurs here in schools of varying size, fran a few scoops to a hundred or more scoops, and could be seen swimming at the surface over the entire lagoon. Small milkfish (Chanos chanos), about 2 or 3 inches long, were also inevi- dence along the beaches. In West Lagoon, small goatfish, from one to 4 inches long, occurred in quantity along the north shore of the lagoon. According to several of the natives, the goatfish are fairly abundant along the sand beaches during June, July, and August; however, it is doubtful that they exist in quantities sufficient to supply anything but very limited fishing operations. In February 1949, the commercial tuna clipper Calistar prospected Palmyra Is— land for bait. Using a Galapagos net in the shallow waters of East Lagoon, only about 8 scoops of 5-inch mullet were taken. From discussions with Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) personnel stationed on the island it was learned that thesmall mullet, which, apparently, are most abundant during the summer months, were not in evidence during the Calistar's explorations in the early part of the year. 17 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW January 1951 I} Sunol 1333 NI SONIGNNOS GNV1ISI| VYAN1Vd 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 1 It is not known whether the stock of mullet at Palmyra is sufficient tosupport a reliable bait fishery, since the occurrence of the small-size fish is apparently a seasonal phenomenon. Furthermore, how suitably this bait would survive long-dis- tance transportation and handling has not been determined. Nevertheless, if the stock of mullet, found to be present during our visit to the area, would hold up through the summer months for camercial exploitation, East Lagoon would probably prove the most suitable bait grounds. A surround-type beach seine, about 200 feet long, and at least 5 feet deep, of 1/2-inch stretched mesh, with a cork float line, large bunt, and a heavily leaded bottom would be most satisfactory for use along the sandy beaches; however, captured bait would have to be transported a distance of about 4 miles to the dock area. This could be accomplished only with greatest difficulty. It would be necessary to use either a shallow-draft (not over 2 feet) bait receiver, or a skiff with a built-in bait compartment. The receiver could be towed out of the lagoon through the southeast channel and worked along the coral platform on the southern side of the atoll. Numerous coral patches, some of which are completely uncovered, would be encountered, making navigation difficult. It must also be pointed out that the coral shelf extends only about 250 yards fran the shore line on the south, with heavy rollers frequently breaking over the edge of the reef and reaching to the shore. A similar condition exists along the northern side of the atoll. TUNA RESOURCES: Various observations on the tuna stock of the Line Islands re— gion indicate that oceanic skipjack and yellowfin tuna appear to exist in the area in commercially important quantities. On the exploratory cruise of the Oregon through the Line Islands in February 1948, numerous schools of oceanic skipjack were seen on the run between: Palmyra and Jarvis, and between Jarvis and Christmas Island. A number of skipjack and small yellowfin were taken by trolling, 2ni several schools of yellowfin were fished at Jarvis and Fanning, producing some fishs however, around Christmas Island only one large school of fish was seen. Many of the schools encountered in this regionwere moving too fast to permit fishing. During the summer of 1948, the N. B. Scofield explored the areas surrounding Johnston Island and found an abundance of fish, mostly skipjack, in the immediate vicinity of the island. Occasionally, mixed schools of skipjack and yellowfin were seen, but no Schools of straight yellowfin were encountered. On the fishing and exploratory cruise of the Calistar in the Line Islands re- gion in February 1949, live bait fishing was found to be best at Fanning Island, where about 50 tons of yellowfin were taken close to the beach. At Palmyra, another 15 tons of yellowfin were taken in the waters lying to the west of the Island. It may be of interest to note that the tuna were located by means of trolled lines. As the fish rose to the surface, chumming was begun. A number of tuna schools (possibly skipjack) was seen in the open ocean, but the fish were at all times moving too fast to permit fishing. Interviews with CAA personnel stationed at Palmyra confirmed the fact that tuna are in evidence in the vicinity of the island the year round, and are frequently taken on troll lines within a short distance of the barrier reef along the west side of the Island. It can be expected that oceanic skipjack and yellowfin tuna occur in the waters of the Line Islands in sufficient quantities for commercial exploitation, but further research is needed to determine at what seasons, areas, and depths tuna occur in 19 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW January 1951 io a4 oe tht é| SYNols et ee 8, SITIN IWNatinwn SWOHLVS NI SONIGNNOS GNV1SI NOLNVO SONV1SI XIN3OHd 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 1 quantity, and to discover those relationships between the peculiarities of the en— vironment and the distribution and behavior of the tunas which will make possible the prediction of successful fishing areas, depths, and methods. CANTON ISLAND INTRODUCTION: Canton Island lies outside the Hawaiian archipelago, but the results of a survey of this atoll are included in this report to provide general in— formation on the tuna and bait resources of this region. During our6/ visit to the Island on June 28 and 29, 1949, the joint facilities of the British and American administrative agencies were made available for conduct— ing a survey of the area. By means of a small motor launch, we were able to explore parts of the lagoon and certain waters lying outside the fringing reef along the west side of the Island. Collections of various species of small fish, that might be suitable for use as live bait, were made by means of a dip net and a light at night. Additional specimens were also collected inside the lagoon by native fisher-— men using a beach seine. Canton Island, the largest and most northerly of the Phoenix group, is a tri- angular coral atoll located about 1,660 miles southwest of Honolulu at 2°50! S. lati- tude and 171943' W. longitude (figure 12). The east or windward side is approxi-— mately 9 miles long in a southeasterly-northwesterly direction and the shortest lee Side is about 4 miles in a north-south direction. The atoll consists of a narrow strip of land, from 100 to 500 yards in width, that forms a rim enclosing a large lagoon. The main channel leading into the lagoon is about 100 yards wide and has a controlling depth of 28 feet, with over a 6—knot current at the strength of tidal flows. There is also a small boat channel located about one mile north of thesouth— west point of the island. The fringing reef extends only about 200 yards fram the shore line, except at the three corners, where it extends outward about 400 yards. The waters outside the reef drop off to depths of over 300 fathans within a few hundred yards. The waters in the lagoon reach a maximum depth of 12 fathoms, but the bottom is interrupted by numerous reefs and coral heads. At low tide, the sandy beaches within the lagoon extend inward about 100 yards along the northwest and east sides before coral heads are encountered. ; A coral slab pier, about 100 yards long, extends into the lagoon from the north- east rim, near its midpoint. A turning basin, about 550 yards long, 525 yards wide, and 25 feet deep, lies adjacent to the pier, providing excellent docking facilities for large vessels. Two 20! x 40! reefer buildings, which were formerly used by the Armed Forces during the war, are located near the docksite. The refrigeration ma-— chinery is nearly intact, but would have to be reconditioned before it could be put into operation. Various wooden frame buildings that could be used as maintenance shops and storage warehouses are available. A limited amount of Diesel fuel is available at the docksite for vessels operating in the area. The supply of fresh ee véry limited; however, unlimited amounts of slightly brackish water are avai Ce There is an artificial pond, which was built by the Armed Forces during the war, located on the southwest shore of the lagoon at a point about 1-1/2 miles from the docksite. The pond is about 75 yards in diameter and has a small raceway built up from the bottom of the entrance, so that at low tide, water is retained within 6/STANLEY PETERSON, FISHERY ENGINEER, POFI, ACCOMPANIED THE AUTHOR, AND OBSERVATIONS WERE MADE JOINTLY. January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 the enclosure. This relatively shallow body of water might serve as a holding pond for live bait. Bait from the pond could easily be carried to the pier by means of a shallow draft (1 to 1-1/2 feet) bait receiver and power skiff. The prevailing winds in this region blow from the east with an average velocity of 12 to 18 knots. Little rain falls on the Island itself, but off the Island fre- quent rain squalls occur. SEA CONDITIONS: -The sea bottom surrounding Canton Island drops off rapidly to great depths, just outside the fringing reef. The 1,000-fathom curve lies within about two miles of the reef, while the 2,000-fathom contour extends outward no less than 7 miles from shore. A deep-water trough (over 3,000 fathoms) lies to the north- west of the island. Depths in excess of 1,000 fathoms separate Canton from Ender— berry Island which lies to the southeast. Comparison of summer and winter surface water isotherms shows little seasonal variation in sea temperature, the surface wa- ter remaining close to 80.6° F. through the year (figures 6 and 7). The prevailing current in this area sets almost due west. BAIT RESOURCES: Within the lagoon, several species of mullet (Mugil vaigiensis and Me crenilabis), from 1 inch to over 12 inches long, were evident in considerable quantities. They appear to be the most common fish here and provide the chief food fish for the natives. Numerous schools of small round herring (Spratelloides deli- catulus) were in evidence along the beaches during the afternoons, but disappeared from these areas shortly after sundown. None of this species were present in the light collections at night. "Aholehole" (Kuhlia sandvicensis) were also present in the lagoon and a few were taken by seining. The natives reported that this species is most abundant here during the spring months. Various species of small goatfish were also seen in varying abundance in the lagoon, but were not evident in suffi- cient quantities to permit any statement as to their availability for use as bait. There were apparently no members of either the silverside or anchovy families here; at least, these fish were not seen and they were not present in the collections. The observations made at Canton during this survey indicate that the bait stock within the lagoon might prove to be adequate for a limited number of live- bait tuna vessels, but how well this stock would stand up under continued fishing is not known. The best baiting grounds for the various species listed above appeared to be located over the uninterrupted sand beaches along the northeast and northwest shores inside the lagoon. A surround—type net (see p. 18) could be used to best ad- vantage, as many of the beaches here are devoid of coralline growth, and at hightide, the waters off the shoal areas are of sufficient depth to permit its operation. TUNA RESOURCES: During our stay at the Island, several large schools of yel— lowfin tuna were seen within several hundred yards of the fringing reef along the west side of the Island, and in each case the fish were under flocks of "working birds." A local fishing party fished for skipjack on the afternoon of our last day's visit. Two fishermen landed 15 fish on a pole and jig in a period of about 20 min- utes. They estimated the size of the school fished to be "about five acres." CAA personnel, stationed on the island, reported that schools of both yellowfin and oceanic skipjack are in evidence through the year, but appear in greater numbers during the winter months. So far as is known, the tuna resources of this area have never been exploited commercially. It may be expected that skipjack and yellowfin tuna exist in this region in commercial quantities, but the limited nature of this survey precludes any conclu- sions as to the relative abundance of these species in different areas and at dif- erent seasons. 4 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, Now. 1 LITERATURE CITED ANONYMOUS INANAMI, YOSHIYUKI (CONT.) 1949. CALISTAR FINDS TUNA IN MIO-OCEAN, BUT FISH ARE WILD 1942. REPORT OF GROUNDS FISHED BY TUNA BOATS OPERATING IN ANO BAIT SCARCE. PAC. FISH., VOL. 47, NO. 6, THE INNER SOUTH SEAS. SOUTH SEAS FISH. NEWS PP. 47-8. (NANYO SUISAN JOHO), VOL. 6, NO. 1, PP. 7-9. ECKELS, HOWARD H. PIETSCHMANN, VICTOR 1949, FISHERY EXPLORATION IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS (AUGUST 1938. "HAWAIIAN SHORE FISHES. BERNICE P. SISHOP MUS., BUL. TO OCTOBER 1948, BY THE VESSEL OREGON OF THE PA- 156, PP. 3-55. CIFIC EXPLORATION COMPANY). U. S. FISH AND WILD- LIFE SERVICE, COMM. FISH. REV., VOL. 11, NO. 6, SCHULTZ, LEONARD P. PP, 1-9. 1943. FISHES OF THE PHOENIX AND SAMOAN ISLANDS COLLECTED IN 1939 OURING THE EXPEDITION OF THE U. S. S. FOWLER, HENRY W. AND BALL, S. C. BUSHNELL. U. S. NAT. MUS., BUL. 180, PP. 1-316. 1925. FISHES OF HAWAI!, JOHNSTON ISLAND AND WAKE ISLAND. BERNICE P. BISHOP MUS., BUL. 26, PP. 3-31. SMITH, O. R. AND SCHAEFER, M. 6. {949. FISHERY EXPLORATION IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC (JANUARY GALTSOFF, PAUL S. TO JUNE 1948, BY VESSELS OF THE PACIFIC EXPLORA- PEARL AND HERMES REEF, HAWAI|, HYOROGRAPHICAL AND TION COMPANY). U. S. FISH AND WILO. SERV., COMM, BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. BERNICE P. BISHOP MUS., FISH. REV., VOL. 11, NO. 3, PP. 2-5. BUL. 107, PP. 13-20. SVERDRUP, H. U., JOHNSON, M. W., AND FLEMING, R. H. GOOSIL, H. C. AND GREENHOOD, E. C. 1946. THE OCEANS. PRENTICE HALL INC., NEW YORK, PP. 706-12. 1$48. SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE TUNAS OF THE HAWAIIAN REGION. CALIF. FISH ANO GAME, REPT. BUR. MARINE FISH. U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY PP, 1-5. 1933. UNITED STATES COAST PILOT, THE HAWAI(AN ISLANDS. C. AND G. S., SER. NO. 558, PP, 1-12 INANAMI, YOSHIYUKI 1941, REPORT OF OCEANOGRAPHIC CHANGES ANO FISHING CONDITIONS} U. S, HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE IN PALAU WATERS, SOUTH SEAS FISH. NEWS (NANYO 1940. SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR THE PACIFIC ISLANDS (EASTERN SUISAN JOHO), VOL. 5, NO. 2, PP. 2-6. GROUPS). H. O. NO. 166, PP. 1-522, S. S. PAGIFIG EXPLORER Part |Il-Below Deck Arrangements and Refrigeration Equipment Brine freezing has been reported to have an adverse effect on the quality of certain fish which are to be ultimately dis— tributed in fresh fish markets, but fortunately the freezing of tuna in brine does not have an apparent adverse effect when it is to be canned. On the modern tuna clippers, the fish are dropped into the brine wells, chilled in sea-water brine, and partially frozen in a strong sodium-chloride brine to a temper— ature ranging from 15° to 20° F. The brine is then removed and the fish are held in subsequent dry storage in the same well. Depending on the length of time they are in storage, the tuna may eventually be lowered in temperature to the range of 0° to 10° F. This system of preservation is the most satisfactory of those which have been developed to date on the clippers. The advantages are that it requires less labor and reasonably maintains the general quality of the cargo, although the storage temperatures are not ideal. Persons interestedinthe operation of receiving shins should devote extensive thought and research to applications and refinements of the direct-brine-freezing technique before adopting it on larger ships. —Fishery Leaflet 316 January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 RESEARCH OR IN SERVICE LABORATORIES tYyjyy Li PMP A. December 1950 REFRIGERATION: A comprehensive examination was made of all samples of rock— fish fillets stored at 0° F. in connection with the project to determine the pal- atability and cold storage life of various species of rockfish. Samples had ocen in cold storage for approximately four months, with the exception of Sebastodes miniatus (vermilion rockfish) which had been in cold storage for approxinately two months. The samples had been prepared and frozen under supervision of personnel of the Seattle Fishery Technological Laboratory in commercial fillet plants, using regular commercial procedures. The frozen fillets were thawed and the following observations were made: Examination of thawed raw fillets: 1. Sebastes marinus (Atlantic rosefish or ocean perch): Samples showed no noticeable change in appearance; some fillets had a slight sweetish odor. 2. Sebastodes alutus (long-jawed rockfish): Only a few of the fillets showed a slight over-all discoloration; most fillets showed a slight discoloration around the edges. Most fillets had a sweetish odor, while a few had a pungent odor. 3. S. diploproa (lobe—jawed rockfish): Fillets were somewhat darker in color than S. marinus; the edges of the fillets were discolored. Odor varied from a sweet to a strong pungent smell; the dark flesh had a moderate rancid odor. 4. S. pinniger (orange rockfish): Fillets were a light yellowish- brown and especially discolored along the edges; some fillets had brown lines running the length of the fillet. All were rancid in odor. 5 Se goodei (?) ("chili pepper"): Fillets showed moderate dark- ening over-all; several fillets had brown streaks running the length of the fillets; there was moderate discoloration along edges of some fillets. All had a slightly sweet odor. 6. "Idiot" (Scientific name unknown): Color of fillets was nor— mal except for a light brown line running the length of a few fillets. Odor was moderately sweet. 7. Se ruberrimus (red rockfish): Fillets showed great variation in appearance; those which were thick, were discolored around 2h COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 1 the dark flesh and were from slightly discolored to moderately discolored on the other surfaces; a cross-section cut showed the inner flesh to be of very good color. The thinner fillets with a large portion of dark flesh (probably cut from the tail section) were in very poor condition. The odor was rancid and especially strong near the dark flesh. 8. S. miniatus (vermilion rockfish): All of the fillets were markedly discolored and strongly rancid in odor; about halfof the fillets were of average thickness, had a large portion of dark flesh, and were in a very poor condition. Even the thicker fillets were moderately discolored throughout a cross-section cut. 9. Se paucispinis (bocaccio): Fillets were grayish-white in color; several fillets had dark-brown spots and light-brown streaks. There were no off odors. Results of Taste-Test Panel on Cooked Fillets: The samples were dividedinto two groups for examination by the tastextest panel. The rockfish are listed in general order of acceptability within each respective group. Group I: 1. Sebastes marinus and Sebastodes alutus: There was no signifi- cant change in palatability but more people gave preference to S. marinus than to the S. alutus. 2. S. paucispinis and "idiot": The appearance of both was good; S. paucispinis was somewhat tough in texture; "idiot" was soft in texture and its flavor rating was quite variable. 3. "Chili-pepper" and S. diploproa: Both had a slight over-all discoloration; "chili-pepper" was slightly tough in texture; the flavor of both was rated below that of S. alutus. Group II: 1. S. alutus, followed by S. paucispinis. 2. S. ruberrimus: The outer surface of the fillets was discolored and tasted rancid but the inner portion of the thicker fillets was white in color and generally good in flavor. 3. Se pinniger: Fillets were discolored over-all and slightly rancid in taste. 4. S. miniatus: Several of the fillets were discarded as unfit. The fillets tested had an over-all discoloration; the texture and flavor were comparable to those of S. ruberrimus. The only outstanding changes to date resulting from holding in cold storage the various species of rockfish fillets took place in the samples of S.ruberrimus, S. Miniatus, and S. pinniger. These samples were of poor appearance, odor, and Tlavor; they had become discolored and were difinitely rancid in odor. (Seattle) January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25) CANNING: Further examinations were made on the canned pink salmon packs pre- pared during 1949-50 in connection with the project to study methods of handling frozen salmon to be used for canning. Considerable variation was noted in the free-oil content of the control samples prepared from the fresh fish. Judging from the samples examined to date, the decrease in free oil of canned pinksalmon prepared from frozen fish was not as important a factor as was found with sockeye salmon. Additional samples will be compared in order to confirm this. The most serious quality change found in the pink salmon canned from frozen fish stored at 0° F. has been the development of strong off flavors in the fatty portion of the fish. The development of a dry, firm texture and the occurrence of excessive curd was evident in many samples; however, the taste panel rated the firmer texture superior in many cases to that of the control samples. Thismight lead some to believe that the texture of a soft fish, such as pink salmon, could be actually improved by freezing and storing 6 to 8 weeks before canning. With the pink salmon stored for longer periods, there is no question but that the dry, hard texture of the camed product was definitely objectionable. As was the case witn sockeye salmon, excessive curd was present in many cans of the pink salmon prepared from frozen fish; however, the lighter color of the pink salmon made the curd less noticeable than in the sockeye pack. In samples prepared from fish frozen and stored for 16 weeks and longer, the curd tended to discolor in the can and to have an objectionable appearance. (Ketchikan) Boiled Shrimp Cocktail Sauce 14 pounds green shrimp 4 tablespoors salt 3/4 oup tomato catsup 1/3 teaspoon salt 1 quart water 1 lemon 1/4 cup lemon juice 6 drops tabasco sauce 3 tablespoons minced celery Dash cayenne Wash green shrimp and place in rapidly boiling, salted water. Cover and bring to boil, simmer 5 min- Combine all ingredients and chill. Serve on any sea- utes. Drain, peel,and remove sand vein. Chill. food cocktail. Place shrimp in lettuce oup in cocktail glass and place 1 tablespoon of cocktail sauce in center. Gar- nish with lemon wedges. Serves 6. Fish and Wildlife Service tested recipes. These are two of a series of recipes using fishery products tested and developed in the Service's test kitchens. 26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Volca3gi Noe) =IREN DS2 = AND = DEVELO PMENTS € Additions to the Fleet of U. S. Fishing Vessels A total of 45 vessels of 5 net tons and over received their first documents as fishing craft during October 1950--29 less than in October 1949. Florida and California led with 5 vessels each, followed by Massachusetts, Maryland, and Alaska with 4 vessels each, the Treasury Department's Bureau of Customs reported, During the first ten months of 1950, a total of 716 vessels were documented, compared with 878 during the same period in 1949. Of the vessels receiving their first documents as fishing craft in October, 31 were built during 1949 and 1950 and the remainder prior to 1948, Vessels Obtaining Their First Documents as Fishing Craft, October 1950 Ten mos. ending with Oct.] Total 1950 1949 1950 1949 INew Ingland cecccoccceccccce fiddle Atlantic, ..cecieciecee Chesapeake Bay cccccccccccce South Atlantic and Gulf .... Hawai'i cee cleicicieisiclelvielslele/clelerciete UNKNOWN) co ccccccccevecicc cleciiele TObal. siccie'eiee nce eee Pas fe Sere Vessels have been assigned to the various sections on the basis of their home port. Defense Fisheries Administration Soon to be Activated An oS Jae program for the new Defense Fisheries Administration, formelly establisheds on December 4, is rapidly being shaped up and a staff of fishery experts from the Fish and Wildlife Service has been detailed to organize the program, Secretary of the Interior Oscar L, Chapman announced on December 7, 1950. Secretary Chapman has appointed Albert M, Day, Director of Fish and Wildlife Service, as Administrator of the new agency, Mr, Day named Milton C, James as Deputy Administrator, Fred F, Johnson as Program Director, and Leroy S, Christey as Assistant Program Director, T/ALSO SEE PP. 94-5 OF THIS ISSUE. January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 "All of these men," stated the Director, "served in various capacities during World War II in the coordination of fisheries and are well qualified to handle their new assignments because of their extensive experience in Federal fisheries work, their intimate knowledge of the problems involved, and their wide acquain- tance in the fishing industry." Milton C, James, who became an Assistant Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service in 1945, has been with the agency since 1923, During World War II he was detached from his regular duties as Chief of the Branch of Game-fish and Hatcheries and detailed to Washington, D. C,, as one of three Coordination Officers in the Office of the Coordinator of Fisheries (OCF), supervising the activities of the Facilities Branch, Fred Johnson, Assistant Chief of the Service's Branch of Commercial Fisheries, has been with the agency since 1920, In 1935 he became Assistant Chief, Asa reserve officer in the U, S, Navy, he was called to active duty in April 1942 and served during the war ag liaison officer between the Navy and the War Production Board and the Departments of Agriculture and Interior on matters pertaining to the procurement and distribution of fishery products, In 1944 Commander Johnson's de- tail was broadened to permit him to advise the OCF on problems that interfered with the maximum production of fishery commodities, These included the charter, pur- chase, or return of fishing vessels by the armed forces; the construction program for new fishing vessels; the allocation of fishing vessels between ports in con- trolled production programs; and applications and recommendations for controlled and critical materials, Johnson returned to his former position with the Service in December 1945, In April 1948 he was assigned to Portland, Oregon, as Assistant Regional Director, When the Pacific Oceanic Fishery Investigations, headquartered in Honolulu, Hawaii, got under way late in 1948, he was transferred to that pro= gram as its Assistant Director, In June 1950 he was recalled to Washington, D, C,, to assist in handling the Service's expanding program of commercial fishery acti- vities, Leroy Christey joined the Service in 1934, after his graduation from the Uni~ versity of Washington as an economics major, His early assignments included fishery research in Alaska and at the Fishery Technological Laboratory in Seattle, In 1940 he returned to Alaska as leader of the King Crab Investigations, In December 1942 he was detailed to the Washington Office of OCF where he was concerned with the hand- ling of priorities and materials and equipment requirements for the fishing industry. In April 1945 he resigned from the Service to become general manager of the Pacific Exploration Company in Seattle, Washington, which was engaged in exploratory fishing operations, On November 1, 1948, upon his return to the Service, Christey was ap- pointed as Deputy Administrator of the Philippine Fishery Program in Manila, In April 1950, when this program was being terminated, he joined the Fisheries Division of SCAP in Tokyo as an industrial specialist and head of the Branch of Materials and Facilities, On October 31 he transferred to the Service's Office of Foreign Activ- ities in Washington to assistin planning Point Four Programs, Defense responsibilities (consisting of certain priority, allocation, claimant, requisitioning, and other functions as related to Be production) were delegated to Secretary Chapman by the Secretary of Agriculture ,4 Charles F, Brannan, on October13,. Under the Defense Production Act of 1950, basic responsibilities for food were ex~ trusted to the Department of Agriculture by the President's Executive Order No, 101612/ of September 9, 1950. 2/ALSO SEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, NOVEMBER.1950, PP. 82-3. 3/ALSO SEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, NOVEMBER 1950, PP. 79-81. 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 1 In addition, the delegation enables the Secretary of the Interior, through the Defense Fisheries Administration, to encourage production of fishery commodities to fulfill requirements for military, essential civilian, and foreign needs, as these may be determined by the Secretary of Agriculture, Responsibility for tin container supply, and materials and facilities used in common for processing fish and other foods, and for fish procurement and distribution, are retained by the Secretary of Agriculture, Day listed some of the things that the Defense Fisheries Administration intends to do about keeping fishery commodities in sufficient supply to satisfy the country's emergency needs, "first on the list will probably be the job of trying to keep the fishing in- dustry supplied with the steel, copper, brass, Zinc, aluminum, fibers, and other strategic materials and facilities, as well as manpower, which it requires to pro-= duce the fishery products the country must have, We must see, however, that no more of such materials are diverted to fishery production than are justified in the light of other defense requirements, "Following the pattern established during World War II, the statistical, mar~ keting, and other economic data which are regularly collected by the Fish and Wild= life Service will be augmented to lay a basis for setting production goals, esti- mating potential food supplies, developing estimates of the industry's requirements for scarce materials, and for determining the desirability of fish allocation and concentration programs," During World War II, fish allocation programs were carried out for sardines in California and halibut in the Pacific Northwest, The sardine allocation program pro= vided for the even distribution of raw fisn to plants in California, thus reducing gluts and providing maximum production, The halibut allocation program, by restric- ting primary handlers to those of historical record, tended to keep distribution in normal Nation-wide channels, In Alaska, salmon concentration programs provided for the coordinated production of the packs of canned salmon in certain centrally located canneries, thus saving manpower, transportation, scarce materials, and other facili-= ties, "Thess types of programs will again be placed in action, if needed," Day said. "If critical shortages develop, investigations will be undertaken on the appli- cability of substitute materials for such items as containers for fishery products, fishing nets and other fishing devices, and cordage," Day added, Closely allied to these studies will be development work for improving the operation of fishing gear, end for the reduction in manpower in fishing operations, Review of Defense Regulations Affecting Fishery Industries The following is a brief summary of the status of Federal defense regulations affecting the fishing and allied industries as of December 15, 1950: Defense Fisheries Administration: No DFA orders have been issued to date, Agriculture: No production goals or set~aside orders for fishery products have been announced, January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 National Production Administratiom: NPA has already issued a number of orders and regulations which: (a) prohibit certain types of construction, (b) limit the amount of inventories which may be held or ordered and (c) restrict the use of cere tain materials, such as copper, aluminum, zinc, and nicks] to various percentages of the amount used during the base period, It would be impracticable to list all of the pertinent features of the fifteen orders already issued and any list prepared would be obsolete almost as soon as issued, Members of the industry, particularly where they contemplate new construction or expansion, should request that they be put on either of the following mailing lists: : List 1 -= Regulatory material and press releases List 2 -- Regulatory material only Requests should be sent to: U, S, Department of Com- merce, Division of Printing Services, Attention: E, E, Vivian, Room 6225, Washington 25, D. C, Priority Assistance; At present there is provision for only two types of prior- ity assistance: (a) the "DO" (Defense Order) ratings and (b) directives, So far only such activities as the Armed Forces, the Coast Guard, and Atomic Energy Commise Sion have been authorized to apply the DO ratings, and directives have been issued only for a few definitely scheduled programs, such as that covering the construction of a limited number of freight cars, With these few exceptions, no priority assis- tance is granted at present-=but a supplier or manufacturer should not require these ratings as yet. Indeed the orders as now written specifically limit the percentage of rated orders a seller must accept and he is supposed to distribute the balance of his production equitably among his normal customers regardless of essentiality of end use, Other Sources of Information: Defense governmental regulations affecting the fisheries will be abstracted and mentioned in the daily Fishery Products Report issued by the Service's seven Market News Service field offices at Boston, Mass,; New York, N. ¥.; Hampton, Va,; New Orleans, La.; San Pedro, Calif.; Seattle, Wash,; and Chicago, aa In addition, a more complete coverage of these regulations will be found in this periodical (Commercial Fisheries Review) issued by the Service at Washington, D. C. Z a Federal Purchases of Fishery Products . DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, October 1950: The increase in the purchases of fresh and frozen fishery products by the Army Quartermaster Corps during October 1950 con- tinued to reflect tne increased food requirements of the Armed Services, Purchases of these products for the lL. S, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force for military feeding during October 1950 amounted to 2,593,246 pounds (valued at $1,050,63/,)--the second highest quantity and value of fresh and frozen fishery products purchased for any one montn since January 1948, The only month that exceeded Uctover 1950 was August 1950 when 2,946,230 pounds (valued at $1,193,198) of these products were purchased, 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 13, No, 1 Purchases of Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products by Department of the Army (October and the First Ten Months, 1949 and 1950) | Veehde Wad January-October 1949 1950 1949 1950 | 1949 1950 1949 1,650,325 14, 405,682 114,613,157 1,050 ,634]559 ,25215,947,956|4, 855,61 Purchases for October 1950 were above those for September 1950 by 121.3 percent in quantity and 116.6 percent in value; and higher than in October 1949 by 57.1 per- cent in quantity and 87.9 percent in value (see table). e095 ,246 Although the total quantity purchased during the first ten months in 1950 was still 1.4 percent below the quantity bought during the corresponding period a year earlier, the total value of the purchases for January-October 1950 were 23.0 percent higher than for the first ten months of 1949. As compared with the spring of 1950, the starfish population of Morris Cove to Merwin Point shows a considerable decrease in number because of systematic and persistent efforts of several oyster companies, according tothe results of a surveyof the dis- tribution and occurrence of starfish on Connecticut oyster beds in the fall of 1950 by the Service's Shellfishery Laboratory at Milford, Connecticut. Oyster cultivators strikingly reduced starfish in the Milford area south of the line between Charles Island and Pond Point, which remains surrounded from three di- rections by masses of star- fish on uncultivated grounds. A tremendously large number of starfish are con- centrated in the Charles Is- landto Stratford Point sec- tion, which remains, as in past years, the most heavily infested of the oyster-pro- ducing grounds and continues to be the focal point from which starfish move east and west Overrunning Milford beds and those lying southwest of Stratford Point. STARFISH ON OYSTER BED. Stratford Point to Point No Point section, presenting a much better picture than last spring (especially in comparatively shallow water) , will againbe invaded fromthe east by masses of starfish now concentrated in the Charles Island to Stratford Point. January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 The Point No Point to Penfield Reef section, as compared with last spring, shows a decrease in the starfish number. * OK K K OK CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE OYSTER'S MOLLUSCAN ENEMIES IS BeING EXPLORED: In order to find repellents, attractors, or poisons to be used in controlling the common oys- ter drill, the Service's Biological Laboratory at Milford, Conn., is screening chem ical compounds offered by a commercial chemical company. Of about 500 compounds screened to date, several good repellents and attractors have been found, the Labor- atory reported late in 1950. Investigation of the various possibilities that may be open in the new field of chemical control of molluscan oyster enemies is continuing, To develop simple and inexpensive chemical methods of control of such enemies as Polynices and Crepidula (marine snails), a number of new poisons will be used, The campounds being sought should be inexpensive, kill the enemy, be harmless to humans, and relatively harm= less to commercial mollusks, Work on marine snails, however, will not be started until next summer, Marine snails could be comparatively easily controlled in the oyster dikes of the Pacific Coast, where desired concentrations of chemicals could be created during low tide, Presently, experiments on drills will be combined with those on the arched slipper shell (Crepidula fornicata), a great oyster pest in Puget Sound and Long Island Sound, Fishery Marketing Specialist Examination Announced Examinations for Fishery Marketing Specialist (GS-7 to GS-1),), among others, were announced by the U. S, Civil Service Commission on November 21, 1950 (Announcement No, 257). The register established from these examinations will be used to fill positions in the Department of the Interior in Washington, D, C., and throughout the United States and Territories, No closing date for these examinations has been an= nounced, Entrance salaries range from $3,825 to $8,800 per year, depending upon the grade, Except fer the substitution of education for experience as provided in the an= nouncement, applicants for the position of Fishery Marketing Specialist must have had at least four to 6 years (depending on the grade) of responsible and successful ex= perience in the field of commercial fisheries and marketing, The amount, quality, and type of the experience required for each grade are shown in detail in the announce= ment, For all grades of Fishery Marketing Specialist positions, undergraduate study satisfactorily completed in an accredited college or university, with specialization in the subject of fisheries, may be substituted for experience at the rate of one full year of study for 9 months of the required experience, up to a total of 3 years of experience, Undergraduate study satisfactorily completed in an accredited college or university with specialization in the Subjects of general economics or marketing may be substituted for experience at the rate of one full year of study for 6 months of the required experience, up to a total of 2 years of experience, Announcement No, 257 (November 21, 1950), which gives full details and informa~ tion, and application blanks are obtainable from the U. S, Civil Service Commission, Waeniecon 25, D. C., or from any of the Commission's regional offices, 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIZW Vols 3), eNosels Freezing-Fish-At-Sea Studies Expanded With the arrival of the trawler Delaware from Germany, the Branch of Commercial Fisheries will soon be able to expand its freezing-fish-at-sea studies, The vessel, originally of Boston, Mass,, but recently used in the renabilitation of the German fisheries, arrived in East Boston at the Fish and Wildlife Service dock adjacent to the Service's Technological Laboratory, Manned by a German crew, the trawler left Bremer~ haven, Germany, on November 17 and docked at East Boston on December 9, The German crew will return to Germany, and the Service will recruit an American crew for the opera= tion of the vessel. The Delaware will be used as an experi-~ mental trawler by the Technological Section of the Service's Branch of Commercial Fish= eries for carrying out the freezing-~fish~at- sea studies, The Delaware, built in 1937, has an over-all length of 147 feet and a beam of 25,1 feet, Powered by a 735 hyp. DELAWARE Diesel engine, it has a fish=-hold capacity THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE FOR FREEZ- of 200 tons ING-FISH-AT-SEA STUDIES. ° The trawler will have suitable refrigeration equipment for freezing whole round fish at sea, After the frozen round fish is landed, it will be thawed, filleted, and refrozen, Alterations, refitting, and the designing and installation of the refrigeration and fish-handling equipment are now in progress, In addition to the technologists now assigned to the Boston Technological Lab= oratory, the Service will employ a refrigeration consultant, additional technical help, and vessel personnel to carry out the various phases of the freezing-fish~at- sea project, Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program SHRIMP TRAWLS AND FISH TRAPS TESTED BY "OREGON" (Cruise No, 5): Attempts by the Oregon, the Service's Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program vessel, to test and com- pare performance of different styles of shrimp trawls on its Cruise No, 5 werenot con- clusive, The Florida-type balloon trawl,however, was comparatively ineffecient on the soft mud and two trawls were lost in a total of eight drags with this gear, Grooved shrimp were taken in night drags out to 65 fathoms, but catches were at a maximum rate in about 20 fathoms where the commercial fleet was operating, Soft mud bottom was encountered over most of the fishing grounds covered on this cruise and was the apparent cause of frequent damage to gear, but rough seas were probably a contributing factor, The series of shrimp trawl drags on this cruise were made on a course approxi= mately southeast from Aransas Pass, Texas, fram 9 fathoms to 238 fathoms, Those in January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 shallower water were made in cooperation with the M/V Carey of the Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Commission, Additional shrimp trawl drags with different types of nets were made at various depths between Long, 93° W, and 96° W, The M/V Oregon left Pascagoula on November 16, 1950, for the testing of shrimp and fish traps and continuation of work on the grooved brown shrimp in the northwest Gulf, The vessel first returned to Pascagoula on December 9 but put out again four days later to get one small lot of shrimp for a cooperative experimental study and to run a series of water temperature determinations out to 800 fathoms, The cruise was completed on December 15, 1950, Numerous small schools of mullet, Mugil cephalus, were observed near the sur= face at distances as great as 50 miles offshore southeast of Aransas Pass, The schools observed had fewer than a hundred fish each, Water temperatures at the surface and at the bottom were quite irregular but bottom temperatures in the 20= to 40-fathem depth range"“were generally slightly higher than surface temperatures, Fes Maryland’s Striped Bass Production Increased in 1949 Maryland's striped bass or "rock" production increase in 1949, according to a news release from the Maryland Department of Research and Education. Records received from commercial fishermen during 1950 reveal that production should continue at this same high level, ‘The 19,9 production of 2,600,000 pounds (valued at $536,000) rep- resents an increase of only 46,000 pounds over the previous year, Howaver, the striped bass catch has steadily increased over a fifteen-year period to twice as much as the catch for 1930, During the early depression period from 1931-34, the annual yield was less than one quarter of the present catch, Unlike many species of migratory fishes that enter Maryland waters, the striped bass spend most of their lives in the Chesapeake Bay, Most specimens spawn, feed, and.live their entire existence in the Bay, A few, however, migrate northward along the Atlantic Coast, Maryland waters, in fact, have been called the "nursery area" for the striped bass of the entire New England Coast, They are more or less active during early winter months in the estuaries and sounds in the southern portion of the Bay, With constant fishing pressure an annual occurrence in the Bay, a Maryland fishery investigator states that it is a tribute to the striped bass that it has not only managed to survive, but to prosper in the Bay's waters, New York Fisheries Damaged by November Storm Fishing Industry: The fishing industry in the central portion of the South Shore of Long Island (where 95 percent of the Island's fisheries are concentrated) was heavily battered by the late November storm, The four ocean trap companies in the vicinity of Fire Island were reported to have suffered an estimated damage of $20,000 each, Some slight damage was reported by the Baldwin Harbor and Freeport 34 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 13, No, 1 areas, December is a cod-fishing month for those areas, but the fishermen reported that since the storm they have not been able to locate the fish, The industry at the western end of Long Island reported only slight damages, according to a mid-= December report from the Service's Fishery Marketing Specialist stationed at New York, Most of the bay traps escaped severe damage because at the time of the storm only a few traps were being fished, Heavy damage was inflicted by the storm on the entire Staten Island clam fleet, consisting of rowboats and small power boats, Oyster Industry: Long Island Sound oyster beds were also damaged according to the Service's Biological Laboratory at Milford, Conn, A southeast wind caused a@ wave action which was felt even at a depth of 40 feet, where it shifted and sanded over the oysters, The action was more severe in shallower water, In general, with the exception of a few well=protected sections, oysters of Long Island Sound were shifted far from their beds and covered with mud and debris, Many companies could not find an oyster on lots where only a few days before they could fill their dredges in a minute, The damaged boats and other property were insured and are replaceable, but the storm virtually wiped out the reserves ofseed oysters which would be marketable oysters in the next three or four years, North Paeific Exploratory Fishery Program by the John N, Cobb, one of the Service's exploratory fishing vessels, when it re= turned to Seattle on December 9, 1950, The vessel left for this cruise on October 30, 1950, This was the second~/ in a series of such cruises, the first being made in the spring of 1950 to investigate shellfish potentialities in waters adjacent to the Ketchikan area, Waters covered on the cruise included Tenakee Inlet, Freshwater Bay, Hood Bay, Peril Strait, Salisbury Sound, and inshore and offshore grounds in the neighborhood of Sitka, Therewere 10, fishing efforts made, using primarily a 20-foot beam trawl, plus an otter trawl, and shrimp and crab traps, Although subfreezing temperatures and winds up to gale force were encountered during a considerable part of the trip, only 1 day's fishing time was lost because of weather conditions, In Tenakee Inlet, pink (Pandalus borealis) and side=stripe shrimp (Pandalopsis dispar) were found to be widely distributed at depths of from 20 to 108 fathoms, but were taken only in small quantities (up to 20 pounds per hour tow), One half= hour tow near the head of the Inlet produced 48 pounds of large coon=stripe shrimp (Pandalus hypsinotus), Best commercial possibilities in Tenakee Inlet appeared to be trap fishing for large spot or prawn (Pandalus platycerus), Several sets with traps made at various places in the inlet produced up to 19 pounds of lerge spots (8 per pound, heads on) per trap, taken on rocky bottom in 20 to 40 fathoms, Afew large scallops were brought up with the beam trawl, but several tows made with a Standard East Coast scallop dredge resulted in a maximum catch of 48 scallops per 50-minute tow, These were taken at depths of 20 to 22 fathoms on gravel bottom, I/SEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, MAY 1950, PP. 33-4, January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 Small catches of pink and side=stripe shrimp were made in mid-channel in Fresh= water Bay, Five sets of gear in Hood Bay produced practically no shrimp, Ice which covered two-thirds of the South Arm prevented a complete coverage of the bay, Best commercial possibilities found in Peril Strait again appeared to be trap fishing for spot shrimp, Results of several sets indicate a large population of spot is present on the rocky slopes of both shores from Point Thatcher to Hoonah Sound, The uneven character of the side banks prevented trawling this portion of the bottom, but catches of up to 17 pounds of large spot per trap for a 2/-hour set were made, best results being found in from 60 to 80 fathoms of water, As in most of the inside waters of this area, trawling bottom is limited to the relatively small mid-channel area of md and sand deposits, Pink and side=stripe shrimp oc= curred in small quantities in nearly every tow, There were 21 pounds of largs side stripe taken with the beam trawl in a tow off Lindenberg Head in 160-167 fathoms of water, Salisbury Sound has very little trawling bottam, and small quantities of side- stripe, pink, and spot shrimp were taken there, Fisn Bay and Katiian Bay produced the best catches of pink shrimp, Several tows resulted in catches of good-sized pink at the rate of over 200 pounds per hour with the 20-foot beam trawl, Best re= sults were obtained in Fish Bay at depths of 30-40 fathoms and in Katiian Bay in 65 to 80 fathoms on mud bottom, Six tows were made in the open waters off Kruzof Island at depths of 75 to 90 fathoms, Although a showing of large spot, pink, and humpy (Pandalus goniprug) shrimp were found, three of the tows encountered snags which seriously damaged the gear, indicating a considerable amount of hazards to trawling in this region, Results of night drags made at various stations showed no appreciable differ- ence from the catches made on the same grounds during daylight hours, Small num- bers of king crab were taken at several places in Peril Strait, Dungeness crab were found in nearly every bay and inlet in the area covered, and are at the pre= sent being fished commercially with traps in Tenakee Inlet and Peril Strait, Besides actual fishing operations, records of surface and bottom water tem= peratures were made at all stations fished and salinity samples taken, Specimens of the various species of fish and invertebrates taken during the operation were catalogued and a complete collection was returned to the Seattle Laboratory for further study, fin tuna were found to be concentrated in the area between the Hawaiian Islands and the Equator, the Hugh M, Smith's personnel reported on their return from Cruise No, VII, Observations: The Hugh M, Smith, one of the Service's Pacific Oceanic Fishery Investigations research vessels, in 27 days of combined tuna long=-line fishing and Oceanographic observations gathered data which promise a substantial start on the problem of how tuna react to their environment, 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol 5233, Woy Two series of stations at 60-mile intervals were fished from 12° N, latitude to the Equator, These crossed the north equatorial current and the equatorial counter-= current, the zone between the countercurrent and the south equatorial current, and reached to the region of equatorial upwelling in the ,south oe current, In general, tuna fishing was poor in the area between 7 N, and 13° N. latitude where cold water was only a hundred feet below the surface (the boundary between the north equatorial current and equatorial countercurrent), It was generally good in the area between 7° N. latitude and 3° N. latitude, and fairly good as far south as the Equator, HUOK M BMiTH Fws i000 THE HUGH M. SMITH, ONE OF THE SERVICE'S PACIFIC OCEANIC FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS RESEARCH VESSELS, ANCHORED IN KILHE! BAY, MAUI, HAWAI!. Most of the catch of 216 tuna, consisting almost entirely of yellowfin, was taken at levels of 400 to 500 feet below the surface, just above the cold water floor, often in localities where no surface signs of tuna were observed, In general, good catches were made in the immediate vicinity of Palmyra, Fan= ning, and Christmas islands, but the best catch occurred about 80 miles southwest of Fanning Island, A section of 6 stations was run to a position 330 miles off= shore from Palmyra Island, Fishing did not become any poorer with increased dis-= tance from land, but rather seemed to be more closely connected with hydrographic conditions, At each fishing station on the southbound and offshore sections an oblique plankton tow was made through the upper 200-meter stratum to determine if there is a relationship between basic food supplies and abundance of tuna, Morphometric measurements were taken on 67 yellowfin, 15 big-eyed, and 5 skip= jack tuna for racial studies, Stomachs were taken from 150 tuna for open ocean food studies, and 33 ovaries were taken in connection with maturity and spawning work, January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 A brief bait survey was made at several of the Line Islands, Palmyra Island appeared to have enough small mullet to provide some live bait for tuna, and 500 pounds of 6= to 8=-inch mallet were caught for flag-line bait, A day was spent searching for bait at Fanning Island and at Christmas Island, but no abundant sup= plies were encountered, Itinerary of Cruise: The vessel, which left Pearl Harbor on October 17, 1950, started fishing at 129281 N, x 158°O,' W .-» and fished at approximately 60-mile intervals to Christmas Island, The next section ran from Palmyra Island to a point 330 miles to the westward, A northbound section was fished from 0°01! N, x 16029! W. to 10°45% N, latitude, Flag=-line fishing was conducted near Christmas, Fanning, and Palmyra islands, The Hugh M, Smith returned to Honolulu on November 30, 1950, * eK OK "JOHN R. MANNING' CONDUCTS EXPERIMENTAL PURSE=SEINE TUNA FISHING IN LINE ISLANDS AREA (Cruise IV): The The primary primary mission of the John R, Manning's cruise IV was T COMT conduct experimental purse-seine fishing operations in the waters around the Line Islands (Kingman Reef, Palmyra, Washington, Fanning, and Christmas Islands) to age certain the abundance and availability of tuna schools to standard West Coast pursee seine equipment, and to develop, if possible, effective techniques for catching these fish, Area Fished: The John R, Manning, a research vessel of the Service's Pacific Oceanic Fishery Investigations, left Pearl Harbor, T. H,, October 26, 1950, Fish= ing operations were conducted in the vicinity in Kingman Reef and Plamyra Island from October 31 to November 8; near Christmas Island November 10 through 15, ‘The area surrounding Fanning Island was covered between November 15 and 22 and that near Washington Island between November 22 and 2); Between November 26-and 30 the area surrounding Palmyra Island was fished a second time, Part of November 30 and all of December 1 was spent in the area of Kingman Reef for a second time before returning to Pearl Harbor on December 6, 1950. Fishing Activities; A large school of jumping yellowfin tuna was observed late in the evening of October 3 at Kingman Reef in the current rips and too near the reef for the safety of the vessel, Three experimental purse=seine sets were made at Christmas Island to develop the efficiency of the crew and to obtain data on the performance of the purse seine, A fourth experimental purse=seine set and a fifth set on a large school of jumping yellowfin was made at Fanning Island, There were numerous Occasions when the crew was alerted and at their stations for a purse-seine set around tuna or associated bird flocks, These schools of tuna and flocks of birds eluded the approach of the vessel and sounded or dispersed within a quarter of a mile from the vessel, If regrouping of birds or the re- appearance of fish occurred, it was seldom less than one mile away, Sea conditions were unfavorable or impossible for seining outside of the small lee areas of the islands except on rare occasions, because of prevailing high winds and seas, Two surface-trolling lines were used throughout Cruise IV to catch fish on artificial lures, The fish caught on these lures correlated generally with the visual observations of their occurrence and abundance and supplied a sufficient number of fish for morphometric, food, and developmental studies to be continued at the laboratory in Honolulu, Two additional surface=-trolling lines were employed for one day at Washington Island, The occurrence and abundance of tuna was the greatest by far around Washington Island, and during the second call about Palmyra Island, 38 : COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 13, No, 1 Other Activities: Collections of invertebrate and vertebrate specimens were made by night-lighting at anchorages, Specimens were also collected by this method on two different nights in the open ocean while returning to Honolulu from Kingman Reef, There were collected from Kingman Reef specimens of red snapper (Lutianus) that have been reported poisonous; these have been forwarded for study to a cooper= ating scientist studying this problem, Routine bathythermograph casts were made and recorded at 50-mile intervals between Honolulu and 132 N, latitude and at ten=mile intervals south of 13° N, lati- tude to Christmas Island, in order to locate the boundaries of the different major currents at this season, * OK OK KOK FISHERIES LABORATORY HOLDS OPEN HOUSE: The new, recently completed fisheries laboratory of the Service's Pacific Oceanic Fishery Investigations held an open house on December 12, 1950, ‘The laboratory, which is located on the University of Hawaii campus, Honolulu, had a number of special exhibits for the occasion, Moving pictures of fishing operations were shown and there were displays of scientific and technical equipment, Of particular interest was the Oceanographic exhibit which was designed to show the various types of equipment used in the work of the Inves~ tigations and illustrate some of the results of the research conducted to date, Other displays dealt with commercial tuna-fishing gear, Shad Production and Investigations (Hudson and Connecticut Rivers), 1949 HUDSON RIVER: ‘The New York commercial shad catch from the Hudson River dropped from 798,739 pounds in 1949 to 486,310 pounds in 1950, according to statistics col= lected by the Shad Investigations of the Service's Branch of Fishery Biology. New Jersey shad catch from the Hudson River once ped from 972,857 pounds in 1949 to 544,000 pounds in 1950, The total Hudson River shad production in 1950 totaled 1,030,310 pounds, com= pared with 1,771,596 pounds in 19/,9--a decline of 42 percent, Collection of juveniles by the Service's Shad Investigations terminated at the end of October with the virtual disappearance of young shad, A comparison of the Service's data with that of the New York State's Department of Conservation shows that the abundance of young shad on the Hudson River in 1950 was approximately 10 percent less than in 1949, The Investigations also tagged shad during the season, and it was found that returns from tags released on the spawning grounds declined from 47 percent of those tagged the first week (April 23=30, 1950) to 3.6 percent of those tagged the last week (June 12-18, 1950), On the other hand, returns from tags released at the mouth of the Hudson River amounted to 40,3 percent, CONNECTICUT RIVER: The 1950 commercial shad catch in the Connecticut River dropped from 132,365 fish in 1949 to 72,513 fish in 1950, ‘The catch-per-unit-of- effort index (uncorrected) indicated a drop from 769 to 575, The first season's field work of the Service's Shad Investigations on the Con- necticut River terminated on October 7, 1950, This work consisted of locating juvenile shad populations and working out msthods to carry out next season's program, January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW é 39 Director of Investigations Named for Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission The appointment of Milner B, Schaefer as Director of Investigations for the hewly~formed Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission was announced in Washington, D. C,, on December 28, 1950, by Milton C, James, Assistant Director of the U, S, Fish and Wildlife Service and Secretary of the Commission, Schaefer, a fishery research biologist with the Fish and Wildlife Service, resigned from Federal service to assume his new duties with the Commission on Jan- uary 1, 1951, in San Diego, California, He will come from Honolulu, Hawaii, where he has served since August 1948 as Chief of the Section of Research and Development in the Service's Pacific Oceanic Fishery Investigations, The convention between the United States and Costa Rica for the establishment of the Inter—American Tropical Tuna Commission was signed at Washington, D, C., on May 21, 1949, and entered into force on March 3, 1950. President Truman appointed three United States Members: Milton C, James, Assistant Director, U, S, Fish and Wildlife Service; Lee F, Payne, member of the California Fish and Game Commission; and Eugene D, Bennett, an attorney of San Francisco, Chairman of the Commission is Jose Luis Cardona-Cooper, chief of the Costa Rican Department of Fisheries, The Commission has been established to make a joint study of certain tuna fish- eries, namely yellowfin and skipjack, and related coastal bait fisheries, in the tropical waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean, "with a view to maintaining the popu- lations of these fishes at a level which will permit utilization year after year without depletion," James stated, Up to this time no large scale tuna or tuna bait investigations have been conducted off the coasts of Central and South America, Be= cause the fisheries included in this Convention present problems to other countries besides the United States and Costa Rica, provision has been made for other inter~ ested countries to become participants, for Containers and Packaging Materials Demand at All-Time High Demand for all types of containers and packaging materials has risen to what is probably an all-time high, the National Production Authority reported on Decem= ber 22, NPA's winter 1950 issue of Containers and Packaging Industry Report states that users of containers and packaging materials bought or tried to purchase at levels far in excess of previous usage during the third quarter of 1950, Asa consequence supply and demand were out of balance for the first time since 1946, and customer requirements were not met in their entirety, Chief among the developments which contributed to this situation was the Korean emergency, a summary of the report states, Prior reduction of inventories below normal levels by many container producers and users as a result of the slow- down in the economy during 1949 also caused an added impact on top of regular buy- ing and stepped up military purchases, Furthermore, the sudden tightening of raw material supplies, which in many instances reduced deliveries to container pro-= ducers, made operations difficult, As a result, the report states, container and packaging users are entering an era wherein they may not be able to secure the type of container they would normally 40 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Voleeals sano gaa use, were all materials in free supply. This will cause some disruption and result in shifts to substitutes, increased re-use, and efforts to effect maximum packaging utility out of less material, The report points out that demand for containers and packaging materials is. high, orders are plentiful, production is up, prices are favorable, labor is satis= factory, and business at every level is greatly improved over last year, While de- fense needs have taken an increasing share of containers and packaging, no serious bottlenecks have yet occurred to either defense or non-military production because of a lack of containers, Fish and Seafood Metal Can Shipments, 1940-49 jn short tons of Steel) cecccccccccccscvccccccssece eeereeoreesreseseseseeeore The fish and seafood metal can shipments for January—September 1950 totaled 99,342 short tons of steel, which would indicate a 1950 annual total of about 132,000 short tons, Shipments of these types of cans in 1950, therefore, would approach the average for the years 1940-42 before World War II restrictions on the use of metal cans for certain food products were imposed, NOTE: THE CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING INDUSTRY REPORT 1S PUBLISHED QUARTERLY. ANNUAL SUB- SCRIPTIONS AT 60 CENTS MAY BE PLACED WITH THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 25, D0. C., OR ANY FIELD OFFICE OF THE DE- PARTMENT OF COMMERCE. New Jersey’s Fisheries Damaged by November 1950 Storm The severe storm which buffeted the Middle Atlantic States on November 25, 1950, caused a moderate amountof damage to the fisheries of New Jersey, according to a report from the Service's Fish- ery Marketing Specialist stationed in that State, Some phases of the fisheries were hit harder than others, It is estimated that losses within the industry were moderately high, These losses coupled with a rather poor fishing season has been a finan- cial blow to many of the fishermen, Perhaps the hardest hit were the pound-net fisheries which suf- fered a near-total loss of all gear in operation at the time of the storm, However, since only a few of the operators had not removed the webbing, losses were confined in IMany cases to broken and washed out pilings, There is uncertainty among pound=net operators as to the proba- bility of replacing damaged equip- ment in the near future, Any worth- UNLOADING SEA BASS FROM FISH POTS AT CAPE MAY, : N. J. THE NOVEMBER 1950 STORM CAUSED EXTEN- while gear remaining attached to S!1VE DAMAGE TO THE FISH-POT FISHERY. pound-net locations was being sal- vaged, January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Al The clam fishery also suffered damage and setbacks, A survey around Tuckerton, New Jersey, (probably the largest volume producer of hard clams in the State) re- vealed the damage to be very severe in that area, Since most of the clam harvesting is done in open "Garvey"=type boats, which are not constructed to withstand a severe storm, and since most of them were moored in unprotected waters, the majority of these boats were swept away across the meadows or sunk, Salvage operations are bee ing undertaken, but it is felt that full recovery will be achieved rather slowly be» cause the finances of the owners of these boats are limited, The oyster industry along the Delaware River appeared to have suffered no seri- ous damage to installations and equipment, Most of the damage was confined to elec= tric motors and heating systems which were on the lower levels of the plants, Most of the draggers and seiners suffered little or no loss from the storm, How= ever, One dragger with a five-man crew aboard was reported lost at sea, Wholesale and Retail Prices WHOLESALE PRICES, NOVEMBER 1950: Partly due to the drop in demand for fishery products that usually occurs during the latter part of November because of the Thanksgiving holiday, wholesale prices for these products during the month were generally lower than those quoted in October, In November 1950, the edible fish and shellfish (fresh, frozen, and canned) wholesale index was at 109.2 percent of the 19,7 average (see table 1)—-1.4 percent lower than the previous month, but still 12.7 percent above November 19,9, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor, All subgroups in the fishery products wholesale index showed a general decline during November as compared with October, However, the biggest drop occurred in the frozen processed fish and shellfish subgroup (a drop of 5.5 percent from Octo~ ber to November) mainly due to the lower prices quoted during the month for frozen shrimp and haddock fillets, Large cold storage holdings and substantial imports were probably responsible for the lower shrimp prices, while the continued heavy production of scrod haddock in New England adversely affected the prices of frozen haddock fillets, Compared with November 1949, the index for this subgroup in Novem= ber 1950 was only 0.8 percent higher, with prices for frozen flounder and rosefish (ocean perch) fillets substantially higher and quotations on frozen haddock fillets and shrimp much lover, Prices of fresh processed fish and shellfish during November were generally lower since the index for this subgroup dropped 3,6 percent from October to Noveme ber, (There had already been a decline of 6,0 percent in this subgroup index from September to October,) Nearly all items included in this subgroup showed a price decline from October to November, but the biggest drop occurred in fresh shrimp prices, followed by fresh haddock fillets, and a slight drop in shucked oyster prices, In comparison with November 1949, the index for this subgroup for the sams month in 1950 was 4,7 percent lower, with prices for all individual items in= cluded under this classification substantially lower, There was a general decline of only 0.6 percent from October to November in the drawn, dressed, or whole fin fish subgroup due to the slightly lower prices 42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Volre PS paNoee.: which prevailed for fresh or frozen salmon, frozen halibut, and fresh haddock, On the other hand, in some instances, the fresh-water fish included in this subgroup showed substantial price increases because stormy weather in the Great Lakes area during November adversely affected the production of fresh-water fish, However, November 1950 prices for all items under this subgroup were still 16.7 percent higher than in November 1949, with only lake trout and yellow pike selling at lower prices, Wholesaie Average Prices and Indexes of Sa = Shelifish, Novemb Pear res Gg) ns Ter oT Nov.1950 |Oct.1950 |Nov.1949 109.2 110.8 a aT Haddock, ck, large, < offshore, aaa fresh .... Halibut, Western, 20/80 lbs., dressed, fresh or frozen Salmon, king, lge. & med., fresh or frozen Lake trout, domestic, -mostly N (dressed), fresh . Whitefish, mostly La (dressed), fresh Whitefish, mostly Lake Erie pound nec, round, fresh Yellow pike, mostly Michigan (Lakes Michigan & Huron), round, fresh Processed, Fresh (Fish and Shellfish): Fillets, haddocx, small, skins on 20-1b. tins sees Boston Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), he fresh or frozen .. cece New York City Oysters, shucked, standards Norfolk area Processed, Frozen (Fish and Shellfish): Fillets: Flounder (yellowtail), skinless, 10-1b. boxes easter Haddock, small, 10-1b.cello-pack Rosefish, 10-lb. cello-pack Cloucester Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), 5S- to 10-1b.bxs g Canned Fishery Products: Salmon, pink, No. 1 tall (16 oz.), 48 cans Tuna, light meat, solid Woacrs (7 oz.), 48 cans per case Sardines (pilchards), Californie, tomato pack, No. 1 oval (15 0z.), 48 cans per case .. Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, No. 4 drawn Sf oz. 100 cans pe 1/Revised Lower prices quoted for canned Maine sardines during November 1950 dropped the canned fish subgroup index to 112.5 percent of the 1947 average, However, prices for canned salmon, tuna, and California sardines during the same month held steady at the October levels, The index for this subgroup dropped 0.6 percent from Octo- ber to November, but was still 20.8 percent higher than in November 1949. Compared with the corresponding month the previous year, prices quoted during November 1950 were substantially higher for canned pink salmon and California sardines, but lower for canned tuna and Maine sardines, RETAIL PRICES, NOVEMBER 1950: Because retail canned salmon prices continued to rise, the retail price index for fishery products in mid-November 1950 continued to increase, This is the second month in succession that there has been an increase in this index in spite of the decline which took place in the fishery products wholesale index during the same period, Between October 15 and November 15, 1950, retail food prices rose only 0,2 per- cent, but fish and shellfish (fresh, frozen, and canned) retail prices climbed 2,3 percent, Compared with mid-November 1949, the retail index in mid-November 1950 was higher for all foods by 4.3 percent and for all fish and shellfish (fresh, frozen, and canned) by 11.9 percent, While prices of fresh and frozen fishery products on November 15, 1950, were only 0.4 percent above those which prevailed in mid-October, there was an increase January 1950 COMMERCIAL FISHERTES REVIEW 43 during the same period of 6,0 percent in canned salmon prices, ‘Therefore, the in- crease which took place in the retail prices of all fishery products is directly Table 2 = Retail Price Indexes for Foods and Fishery Products, November 15, 1950, with Comparative Data RW eas 1935-39 = AVAL OO Sielelclelelevelclelolelclelels clelelelelelere All fish and shellfish (fresh, frozen, and canned) cesccccccce esh and frozen fish eccceccccee Canned salmon: pink cecoccoccece 100 do e ° 5 1938-39 = 100 286.5 285.2 266.4 do 445.9 420.6 567.9 attributable to the rise in canned salmon prices. Compared with November 15, 1949, the retail index in mid-November 1950 for fresh and frozen fish was 7.0 percent higher, but that for canned pink salmon was 21.2 percent higher. Economic Cooperation Administration Program Notes AID TO THE PHILIPPINES: The United States Government is launching an immedi- ate program of of technical assistance to the Philippine Kepublic, to assist that government in meeting its initial commitments under the recently-signed preliminary economic aid agreement with the United States, the Economic Cooperation Administra- tion announced on December 1, Experts in certain technical fields have already been appointed and other technicians are expected to be appointed soon, The China Area Aid Act authorized ECA to use already-appropriated funds to aid countries in the "general area of China," The Philippine technical assistance pro- gram will begin under this general Southeast Asia program pending further consider- ation by the United States Congress. Legislative action is necessary both in the United States and the Philippines to implement the agreement, which states Presi- dent Truman's intention to ask the United States Congress for the necessary funds for a social, economic, and technical assistance program requiring "several conse- cutive years of substantial aid," MARSHALL PLAN EoD Bo eee KINGDOM SUSPENDED: The suspension of Marshall Plan aid to the United i pL United Kingdom ROTATION SYSTEM INAUGURATED FOR LONG-DISTANCE FISHING FLEET: It is hoped that improvements in the white fish industryl/ will be brought about by the White Fish Authority recently set up by the British Government, but meanwhile long-distance fishing wessy Owners in the ports of Grimsby and Hull have inaugurated a develop- ment scheme designed to improve the quality of fish landed, This scheme came into operation on September 1, 1950, states a November 28 American Embassy dispatch from London, The scheme was inaugurated by the trawler owners themselves and as yet it has no backing from the Government or the White Fish Authority, It was decided by the Trawler Owners Committee that 20 percent of the long-distance fishing fleet should be laid up, the other 80 percent being sufficient to bring in all the fish which is required, The trawlers would work on a rotation system, Plans are being made to bring in fish in a better condition than during the years of control when there was no incentive to pay much attention to quality. There has been a marked improvement in the quality of fish since this scheme came into effect, The Trawler Owners Committee decided that 20 percent of the long-distance fleet would be a good average to be laid up, inasmuch as without the scheme perhaps 10-50 percent of the trawlers would be unable to go out, However, during the recent bad weather the number of trawlers unable to go out has been nearer 40 percent than 20 percent, Since the domestic fishing industry has complained for some time about the im- ports of fish, the whole question of fish imports probably will be taken up by the White Fish Authority when it begins its operations, HEAVY INCREASE IN FISH PRICES TOWARDS END OF 1950: In some extreme cases, fish prices in Great Britain towards the end of the third quarter of 1950 rose over 200 percent, The increase resulted from a shortage of supplies caused by continued bad 17 SEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, AUGUST 1950, PP. 59-60. 2/ SEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1950, PP. 57-8. Oe el 70 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Volssi3 Now weather at sea and the recent laying-up of trawlers, Demand for fish was still very good during the period in question, but the consumers Showed some reluctance in pay= ing the increased prices, Housewives were again showing signs of boycotting fish as a result of the high prices, The rise in fish prices can also be attributed to a large extent to the fisher- men's labor dispute in Iceland, 3/ Iceland is the biggest supplier of fish to the United Kingdom, This Icelandic tie-up occurred when the British fleet was not catch- ing a sufficient supply for consumer demand, The Icelandic seamen's dispute was settled on November 6 and fish imports from that country were again arriving in Great Britain, As a result of this recently heavy increase in fish prices, a warning hint has been given to fish dealers by the Economic Secratary of the Treasury that the Govern- ment is considering a return to controls where they seem to be necessary, As anticipated, the removal of controls and the maximum prices of fish has brought about a big improvement on the quality of fish landed, There is now good quality fish available to suit everyone although plaice, halibut, sole, and a few other kinds will inevitably be expensively priced since they cannot be produced in large quantities, 3/ ALSO SEE P. 62 OF THIS ISSUE. x *k OK KX ——_—= — British Government in December 1950 extending until December 9, 1952, the period during which grants and loans for boats and equipment may be made by the Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries to inshore fishermen and persons entering the industry, The Inshore Fishing Industry Act 1945 (Extension of Period) Order, 1950, became { effective on December 10, 1950, In the original act, the period during which these i grants and loans could be made expired on December 9, 1950, CANNED FISH AND BYPRODUCTS--|949 DO YOU KNOW,.. That the 1949 production of fishery byproducts in the United States and Alaska was valuedat $78,472,495--2 percent less than in the previous year, The principal byproducts were marine-animal oils, 17,694,887 gallons (valued at $17,364,977); marine-animal scrap and meal, 237,180 tons (valued at $35,652,142); marine and fresh-water shell buttons valued at $10,478,733; and fish solubles valued at $5,144,111. Byproducts were produced in 314 plants in 24 States and Alaska in 1949, Bulletin--C .F.S, No, 577 ee January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Hae. Se FEDERAL ‘é ACTIONS Department of Agriculture ORDER: Apendix A to the Agriculture-Import Order (Part 4—War Food Orders, PMA) has been revised by deleting certain items, including, among others, "Fatty acids, not specially provided for, derived from vegetable oils, animal or fish oils, an- imal fats and greases, not elsewhere specified" (Commerce Import Class No. 2260.2h0). This revision was announced in the Federal Register of November 29, 1950, by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and became effective on November 25, 1950. the U. S. Department of Commerce announced December 14, 1950, through its Office of International Trade. The only item of interest to the fishing and allied in- dustries included in the commodities subject to the plan is canned lobster. This means that eligible United States manufacturers, or their authorized agents, will be permitted to export to the United Kingdom during 1951 token ship- ments of specified commodities, the general importation of which is prohibited by the British Government. Manufacturers or agents eligible to participate are those having established prewar trade connections in England, Scotland, Wales, or North- ern Ireland. One important revision in the Plan permits importation of shipments valued at twice the amount heretofore permitted. Shipments will now be permitted in an annual amount not to exceed 40 percent of the individual firm's average annual shipments of the specified commodities to the United Kingdom during the base years 1936, 1937, and 1938. The amount previously permitted was only 20 percent. The British Board of Trade announced there would be no new additions to the list of approved commodities, the number of items remaining at 197, the same as in 1950. The British trade arrangement was originally established with the United States in 1946, and operates on a calendar year basis. It is also applicable to several other countries having prewar trade connections in the United Kingdom. Commerce's Office of International Trade (OIT) acts as certifying agent of statements of eligibility and prewar exports submitted by U. S. firms under the Plan. Certificates are issued by OIT, in the form of scrip, to qualified exporters. 72 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, Nowe 1 The certificate is then forwarded by the exporter to the British importer, who uses it in applying to the Government there for a permit to import thecommodity. The certification procedure to be followed by OIT under the 1951 Plan will be similar to that followed in 1950. used and should be submitted to OIT as soon as possible. immediately after January lo DESIGNATION OF CLAIMANT AGENCIES: KHH EH The same application Form (IT-558) will be Certification will begin Claimant agencies to present requirements to the Secretary ¢ Commerce with respect to materials and facilities placed under his jurisdiction by the Defense Production ActL, Commerce in the Federal Register of November 25, 1950. follows: DESIGNATION OF CLAIMANT AGENCIES 1. The purpose of this notice is to designate claimant agencies to present requirements to the Secretary of Com- merce with respect to materials and facilities placed under his iurisdiction by section 101 (d) of Executive Order 10161 of September 9, 1950 (15 F. R. 6105). 2. Section 101 (d) of Executive Order 10161 delegates to the Secretary of Com- merce the functions conferred upon the President by Title 1 of the Defense Pro- duction Act of 1950 (Pub. Law 774, 81st Cong.) with respect to all materials and facilities except those specifically dele- gated by sections 101 (a), (b), and (c) to the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Com- missioner of the Interstate Commerce Commission responsible for supervising the Bureau of Service, respectively. Section 103 of Executive Order 10161 provides: (a) Each delegate referred to in section 101 of this Executive order shall be a claimant before the other such delegates, respectively, in the case of materials and additional facil- itles deemed by the claimant delegate to be necessary fc> the provision of an adequate supply of the materials and facilities with respect to which delegation is made to the claimant delegate by the said section 101. (b) Each delegate under section 101 of this Executive order may, with the approval of the Chairman of the National Security Resources Board, designate agencies and Officers of the Government, additional to the claimants referred to in section 108 (a) of this Executive order, to be claimants before such delegate with respect to stated materials and facilities. 3. In accordanee with the description of claimant responsibilities set forth in Section 103 of Executive Order 10161 and pursuant to the designations in section 103 (2) and to the authority contained in section 103 (b) of the order, the fol- lowing officers and agencies of the Gov- ernment, having been approved by the ‘petroleum; gas; _trator “Administration with respect to domestic National Security Resources Board, are: hereby designated as claimants before the Secretary of Commerce: (1) The Secretary ot the Interior with respect to solid fuels; electric power; construction and maintenance projects under his jurisdiction other than those classes of construction speci- fied in paragraphs 12 and 15; fishery products as set forth in the October 13, 195Q, order of the Secretary of Agricul- ture“delegating fishery authority to the Secretary of the Interior; those areas of minerals and metals as set forth in the October 6, 1950, Memorandum of Agree- ment between the Departments of Inte- rior and Commerce; and the construction program of the Tennessee Valley Au- thority; (2) The Secretary of Agricul- ture with respect to food; and the domestic distribution of farm equipment and commercial fertilizer, and veteri- nary supplies and equipment; (3) That commissioner of the Interstate Com- merce Commission who is the Adminis- of the Defense Transport transportation, storage, and port facil- ities, or the use thereof; (2) The Secre- tary of Defense with respect to the military needs of the Department of De- fense, except those items for which the General Services Administration regu- larly procures for the Department of , Defense; equipment and supplies of military-type products for the Mutual Defense Aid Program; stockpile; and -military construction; (5) The Secretary - of the Army with respect to civil con- struction projects under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Army, except projects having electric power generat- ing capacity or facilities unless specif- ically exempted by the Secretary of the Interior; (6) The Administrator of the onomic Cooperation Administration with respect to all nonmilitary exports to countries in which the ECA has a program including the requirements for 1/SEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, NOVEMBER 1950, PP. 79-81. 2/181D., PP. 82-3. were designated and announced by The full text of the order additional military production under the Mutual Defense Aid Program and for common-use items under other approved military programs. In developing re- quirements for his claimant area, the ‘Administrator shall consult with the Secretary of State and with the heads of those agencies having responsibility for particular domestic programs. The presentation of requirements for foreign mineral and smergy development pro- grams shall irtiude a statement by the Secretary of the Interior covering the relationship of the programs concerned to his over-all mineral and energy de- velopment programs; (7) The Director of the Office of International Trade (De- partment of Commerce) with respect to all exports not covered by the Depart- Ment of Defense and the Economic Cooperation Administration. In devel- oping the requirements for his claimant area the Director shall consult with the Secretary of State and with the heads of. ‘those agencies having responsibility for Particular domestic programs. The presentation of requirements for foreign: mineral and energy development pro- grams shall include a statement by the Secretary of the Interior covering the- relationship of the programs concerned to his over-all mineral and energy de- velopment programs; (8) The Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission with respect to the program of that agency; (9) The Maritime Administrator with respect to coastwise, intercoastal, and overseas shipping, and merchant ship construction and repair; (10) The Chair- man of the Civil Aeronautics Board with respect to all aircraft used in carrier transportation.and the use thereof; (11) The Administrator of the Civil Aeronau- tics Administration with respect to all civil aviation operations not covered in paragraph 10, including materials, parts, and equipment for all civil aircraft and for aeronautical communiction facili- ties; (12) The Commissioner of Public January 1951 Roads with respect to ail highway con- struction and maintenance, including urban streets constructed with or with- out Federal aid. The Commissioner shall consult with the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agricul- ture on road programs under their juris- diction and with the Administrator of the Housing and Home Finance Agency on road programs related to community facilities; (13) The Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission with respect to all communications facil- ities, both Government and private, of a civilian character not covered other- wise; (14) The Director of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics with respect to the program of that agency; (15) The Administrator of the Federal Security Agency with respect to school and hospital construction other than veterans’ hospitals; and the domes- tic distribution of supplies and equip- ment needed in the fields of health,-. education, welfare, recreation and re- lated activities; (16) The Administrator of the Veterans’ Administration with re- spect to the hospital program of that -agency; (17) The Administrator of the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ‘Housing and Home Finance Agency with ‘respect to all housing construction, al- teration and repair, and with respect to State and local community facilities. not covered elsewhere. The Administrator shall consult with the Administrator of the Federal Security Agency with respect to the establishment of requirements for the community facilities under his area of responsibility, particularly as regards the health and sanitation problems in- volved; and as regards the relationship of the Housing and Mome Finance Agency community facility requirements to the school and hospital requirements as developed by the Administrator of the Federal Security Agency. The Adminis- trator shall also consult with the Di- rector of the United States Geological Survey on community water facility projects. in order to obtain his recom- mendations as to the most effective uti- lization of water supply; (18) The Administrator of the General Services Administration with respect to the needs of ali Federal Government agencies not covered otherwise, including Federal construction not covered otherwise, and notwithstanding the other designations ie made, the needs of all Federal Govern- ment agencies for common-use items listed in the General Services Adminis- tration Stores Stock Catalog, or pro- tcured under Federal Supply Schedule lcontracts, or otherwise designated as common-use items by the Administrator of General Services: Provided, That the Secretary of Defense shall act as claim- ant with respect to the needs of the De- partment of Defense for such common- use items as may be designated by agree- ment between the Secretary of Defense and the Administrator; and (19) The Assistant Administrator of NPA for In- dustry Operations (Department of Com- merce) with respect to thtmheeds of all industries and business, including whole- sale and retail trades, and the construc- tion and service industries not other- wise covered. This includes claimant status with respect to general consump- tion of products and services produced in the industries put under the cogni- zance of the Secretary of Commerce by Executive Order 10161. [SEAL] PHILIP B. FLEMING, Acting Secretary of Commerce. NATIONAL PRODUCTION AUTHORITY ORDER ISSUED FOR EQUITABLE CIVILIAN DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION OF TIN: In order to assure tin supplies for the rearmament program, the National Produc— tion Authority (NPA) on December 19 issued an order designed also to provide for equitable civilian distribution of the remaining supply and encourage conservation of the scarce metal. In an amendment superseding its Order M-8, NPA ruled that materials contain- ing 1.5 percent or more of tin may be used for civilian purposes in January at 100 percent of the rate of use during the first half of 1950 and at 80 percent of that rate in February and March. The action was taken, NPA officials said, because the amount of tin available for both defense and civilian consumption in the first half of 1951 is expected to be less than the amount consumed in the first half of 1950. The United States de— pends entirely on foreign sources for tin. Most of it comes from the Far East o The order encourages the use wherever possible of substitute metals that are not in short supply. Use of new pig tin is specifically prohibited in cases where secondary tin can be re-used. Task groups from specific industries will work with NPA in developing conser— vation measures, officials report. These conservation orders will feature changes in present specifications, standardization of types and sizes, and use of substi- tute materials. The Tin Plate Industry Advisory Committee members met with NPA officials on December 13 to discuss immediate measures needed to assure the meeting of tin re=— quirements in the expanding rearmament program and to spread the remaining tin supplies as far as possible to permit maximum production of non—defense goods. The committee reported that methods for conserving tin, suchas use ofa lighter coat— ing, were being actively explored. 7h COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 1 The full text of the amended NPA order follows (Order M-8, as amended Decem- ber 18, 1950): TITLE 32A—NATIONAL DEFENSE, ! APPENDIX Chapter 1—National Production Au- thority, Department of Commerce [NPA Order M-8 as Amended] Part 27—TIN This Order amending and superseding NPA Order M-8, dated November 13, 1950, is found necessary and appropriate to promote the national defense and is issued pursuant to the authority of Sec- tion 101 of the Defense Production Act of 1950. In the formulation of this or- der, there has been consultation with in- dustry representatives, including trade association representatives, and consid- eration has been given to their recom- mendations. However, consultation with representatives of all trades and in- dustries affected in advance of the issu- ance of this order, has been rendered impracticable by the fact that the order affects a very substantial number of dif- ferent trades and industries. Sec. 27.1 What this part does. 27.2 Definitions. 27.3. Application of part. 274 Use of pig tin and alloys and other materials containing tin. 27.5 Maintenance, repair, and operating supplies. 27.6 Exemptions. 27.7 Reports. 278 Inventories. 279 Application for adjustments. 27.10 Communications. 27.11 Violations. AUTHORITY: §§ 27.1 to «7.11 issued under sec. 704, Pub. Law 774, 81st Cong. Interpret or apply sec. 101, Pub. Law 774, 81st Cong., sec. 101, E. O. 10161, Sept. 9, 1950, 15 F. R. 6105. $27.1 What this part does. This Part amends and supersedes NPA Order M-8. The purpose of this part is to describe how tin remaining after allowing for the requirements cf ns- tional defense may be distributed and used in the civilian economy. This part also sets forth limitations on inventories of pig tin as well as alloys and other ma- terials containing tin, and explains the conditions under which reports are re- quired in connection with the produc- tion, distribution, importation, use, and inventories of pig tin. It also covers the conditions under which reporting is re- qu:red in connection with the customs entry of tin importation. It is the policy of the National Production Authority | that tin and alloys and other materials containing tin and articles made of tin and tin products, not required to fill rated orders, shall be distributed equi- tably through normal channels of dis- tribution, and that due regard shall be given by suppliers to the needs of new and smal] business. It is the intent of this part that other materials which are not in short supply will be substi- tuted for tin and alloys and other ma- terials containing tin wherever possible. § 27.2 Definitions. As used in this Order: (a) “Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, association, or any other organized group of persons and includes any agency of the United States or any other government. (b) “Base period’ means the six months period ending June 30, 1950. (c) “Manufacture” means to melt, put into process, machine, fabricate, cast, roll, turn, spin, coat, extrude, or other- wise alter pig tin, alloys containing tin, or other materials containing tin, by physical or chemical means and includes the use of tin and alloys and other ma- terials containing tin in plating, and in -chemical compounding and processing. It does not include the use of tin con- tained in any “in process” materials or any other materials not actually to be incorporated into the items to be manu- factured, such “in process’ materials and other materials being included un- der paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section. (d) “Maintenance” means the mini- mum upkeep necessary to continue a building, machine, piece of equipment, or facility in sound woiking condition, and “repair” means the restoration of a building, piece of equipment, or facility te sound working condition when the same has been rendered unsafe or unfit for service by wear and tear, damage, failure of parts, or the like: Provided, however, Neither maintenance nor repair includes the improvement of any such item with material of a better kind, quality, or design. (e) “Operating supplies” means any tin or alloy or other material containing tin normally carried by a person as oper- ating supplies according to established accounting practice and not included in his finished product, except that mate- rials included in such product which are normally chargeable to operating ex- pense may be treated as operating sup- plies. (f) “Import” means to transport in any manner into the continental United States from any foreign country or from any territory or possession of the United States. It includes shipments into a United States foreign trade zone or bonded custody of any United States Collector of Customs (bonded ware- house) in the continental United States and shipments into the continental United States for processing or manu- facture in bond for exportation. “Im- port” does not include shipments in transit in bond through the continental United States without processing or manufacture to Canada, Mexico, or any other foreign country, or shipments through United States foreign trade zones to a foreign country without proc- essing or manufacture. However, if any . Material in such shipments in transit in bond is, because of a change in plans, to be sold or used in the continental United States, or subjected to processing or manufacture in the continental United States, it becomes an “import’’ for the purposes of this part and requires the reports specified in § 27.7. (g) “Pig tin” means metal containing '95 percent or more by weight of the ele- ment tin, in shapes current in the trade, including anodes, small bars, and ingots, but excluding the products specifically listed in Section IV of report form NPAF-7. (h) “Secondary tin’’ means any alloy, produced from scrap, which contains less than 95 percent but not less than 1.5 percent by weight of the element tin. (i) “Tin” means pig tin and tin in any raw, semi-finished, or scrap form, and any alloys, compounds, or other mate- rials containing tin (where tin is of chief value) in any raw, semi-finished, or scrap form. This includes, but is not limited to, the following: Babbitt metal and solder__________ Alloys and combinations of lead, not in chief value lead (including lead, antimony, and white metal) _ 6506.900 Tin bars, blocks, pigs, grain or gran- WE hee tee Se eee Sess 6551.300 Tin metallic scrap (except alloyed BCA) ee terete 6551.500 Tin alloys, chief value tin n. s. p. f. (including alloy scrap) ------____ 6551.900 Tin foil less than 0.006 inch thick__ 6790.710 Tin powder, fiitters, and metallics_ 6790.720 Tin bichloride, tin tetrachloride and other chemical compounds, mix- tures, and salts, tin chief value (including tin oxide)--__-_.-__- 8380.920 Note.—The numbers listed in the second column are commodity numbers taken from “Schedule A, Statistical Classification of Im- ports into the United States, issued by the U. S. Department of Commerce (September 1, 1946 edition). (j) “Copper-base alloy’’ for the pur- “pose of this Order means any alloy con- taining tin in the composition of which the percentage of copper metal by weight equals or exceeds 40 percent of the total weight of the alloy. (k) “Scrap’’ means all materials or objects which are the waste or by-prod- ucts of industrial fabrications or which have been discarded for obsolescence, failure, or other reason, and which con- tain tin or alloys or other materials con- taining tin in a form making such scrap suitable for industrial use. § 27.3 Application of part. Subject to the exemptions stated in § 27.6, {this part applies to all persons who producé tin or alloys or other materials containing tin, or who use tin or alloys or other materials containing tin, in manufacture, processing, or construction, or for maintenance, repair, or operating supplies. In addition, the reporting pro- visions stated in § 27.7 apply to persons who produce, distribute, or hold in their possession pig tin, or who import tin. § 27.4 Use of pig tin and alloys and other materials containing tin. Subject to the exemptions stated in § 27.6, or unless specifically directed by NPA: (a) No pig tin shall be used where secondary tin can be used. (b) No person shall put into process ‘or otherwise use in manufacturing, or in treating any item or product, or in the ‘installation or construction of any item, during the following months, a total quantity by weight of tin contained in January 1951 pig tin, secondary tin, solder, babbitt, copper-base alloys and other alloys con- taining 1.5 percent or more tin, or other materials containing 1.5 percent or more tin, in excess of the percentages specified with respect to each month of .his average monthly use of such forms .of tin during the base period: Percent JanuanyelOo le seen ee ee ae ee February 1951_ March 1951____ (c) No person shall use for the pur- poses stated in paragraph (b) of this sec- tion during the following months a total quantity by weight of pig tin in excess of the following percentages specified with respect to each month of his aver- age monthly use of pig tin during the base period: JANUAT YO le ee ee February 1951_ March 1951 § 27.5 Maintenance, repair, and oper- ating supplies. Unless specifically di- rected by the National Production Authority, during the calendar quarter commencing January 1, 1951, no person shall use for maintenance, repair, and operating supplies a quantity by weight of tin contained in pig tin or alloys or other materials containing tin in excess of 100% of his average quarterly use for such purposes during the base period. No pig tin shall be used for such purpose where secondary tin can be used. § 27.6 Exemptions. (a) The use by any person of pig tin or alloys or other materials containing tin required to fill an order that is rated under the priori- ties system established by Part 11 of this Chapter (NPA Reg. 2), or to meet any other mandatory order of the National Production Authority, is permitted in addition to the use of such materials authorized by the provisions of §§ 27.4 and 27.5. (b) Pig tin or alloys or other materials containing tin acquired by a rated order or to meet a National Production Au- thority scheduled program may be used in addition to the quantities permitted by the provisions of §§ 27.4 and 27.5. § 27.7 Reports. (a) Reports on pig tin: (1) Any person using 1,000 Ibs. or more of pig tin in any calendar month must - complete and file report form NPAF-7 with the National Production Authority on or before the 20th day of November | 1950, and on or before the 20th day of each succeeding month with respect to such use during the preceding month. (2) Any person who on the last day of any calendar month has in his posses- sion or under his control 1,000 lbs. or more of pig tin must complete and fiie report form NPAF-7 with the National Production Authority on or before the 20th day of November 1950, and on or before the 20th day of each succeeding month with respect to such possession or control on the last day of the preced- ing month. (3) Any person who produces, imports, or distributes any pig tin must report his production, entries, receipts, deliv- eries, inventories, balance of entries, and all other transactions in pig tin either by completing and filing report form COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIAW NPAF-7, or by letter in triplicate with the National Production Authority, on or before the 20th day of November 1950, with respect to all such operations and . transactions during October 1950, and on or before the 10th of December and on or before the 10th day of each suc- ceeding month with respect to all such operations and transactions during the’ preceding month. (b) Reports on Customs Entry: No tin, including without limitation, tin im- | Ported by or for the account of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation : U. S. Commercial Company, or any other United States governmental department, agency, or corporation, shall be entered through the United States Collectors of Customs unless the person making the entry shall complete and file with the Bureau Form NPAF-8. The filing of such form a second time shall not be required upon any subsequent entry of the same material through the United States Collectors of Customs; nor shall the filing of such form a second time ‘be required upon the withdrawal of such ‘material from bonded custody of the United States Collectors of Customs, re- gardless of the date when such material was first transported into the continental United States. Form NPAF-8 will be transmitted by the Collector of Customs to the National Production Authority. -(c) Other reports: All persons having any interest in, or taking any action with Tespect to, the importation of tin, whether as owner, agent, consignee, or otherwise, shall file such other reports as may be requéred from time to time by the ‘National Production Authority, subject to the terms of the Federal Reports Act (P. L. 831—77th Cong., 5 U. S. C. 139- 139F). (d) All reports required by this part shall be addressed to the National Pro- duction Authority, Washington 25, D. C., Ref: M-8, together with such number of copies as may be specified in the report form. § 27.8 Inventories. In addition to the inventory provisions of Part 10 of this Chapter (NPA Reg. 1), it is considered that a more exact requirement applying to users of pig tin or alloys or other ma- ° terials containing tin (excluding ores and concentrates) is necessary. (a) No person obtaining any such ma- terials for use in manufacture, process- ing, or construction, or for maintenance, repair, or operating supplies, shall re- ceive or accept delivery of a quantity of the materials listed in Column A below from domestic sources if his inventory of such materials is, or by such receipt would become, more than the smallest quantity which will be required by his scheduled method and rate of operation . to be put into use for such purposes dur- ing the next succeeding period specified in the corresponding section of Column B below, or (except for pig tin) in excess of a “practicable minimum working in- ventory” as defined in NPA Reg. 1, which- ever is less: Column A 1. Pig tin. 2. Copper-base alloys (containing 1.5 percent or more tin). . Solder, babbitt, and other alloys contain- ing 1.5 percent or more tin (except cop- per-base alloys). 4. All other materials containing tin. a 75 Column B 1. 120 days (for manufacture of tin plate); 60 days (for anv other use). 2. 60 days. 3. 60 days. 4. 60 days. For the purpose of this section, any such materials in which only minor changes or alterations have been effected shall be included in inventory. (b) Section 10.11 of NPA Reg. 1, en- titled “Imported materials” will continue to apply. The other provisions of this regulation will continue to apply except as modified by this section. (c) No scrap dealer shall accept deliv- ery of any form of scrap defined in § 27.2, unless, during the 60 days im- mediately preceding tne date of such acceptance, he shall have made delivery or otherwise disposed of scrap to an amount at least equal in weight to his scrap inventory on the date of such acceptance, exclusive of the delivery to be accepted. § 27.9 Application for adjustments. ‘Any person affected by any provision of this order may file a request for adjust- Ment or exception upon the ground that his business operation was commenced during or after the base period, or be- cause any provision otherwise works an undue or exceptional hardship upon him not suffered generally by others in the same trade or industry, or its enforce- ment against him would not be in the interest of the national defense or in the public interest. In examining requests for adjustment claiming that the public interest is prejudiced by the application of any provision of this part, considera- tion will be given to the requirements of the public health and safety, civilian de- fense, and dislocation of labor and re- sulting unemployment that would impair the defense program. Each request shall be in writing and shall set forth all pertinent facts and the nature of the relief sought, and shall state the justifi- cation therefor. § 27.10 Communications. All commu- nications concerning this order shall be addressed to National Production Au- thority, Washington 25, D. C., Ref: M-8. § 27.11 Violations. Any person who wilfully violates any provisions of this order or any other order or regulation of the National Production Authority or wilfully conceals a material fact or fur- nishes false information in the course of operation under this order is guilty of a crime and, upon conviction, may be pun- ished by fine or imprisonment or both. In addition, administrative action may ‘be taken against any such person to sus- pend his privilege of making or receiving further deliveries of materials or using facilities under priority or allocation control and to deprive him of further Priorities assistance. Nore: All reporting requirements of this order have been approved by the Bureau of the Budget in accordance with the Federal Reports Act. This part shall take effect except as otherwise specifically stated on Decem- ber 18, 1950. NATIONAL PRODUCTION AUTHORITY, [SEAL] W. H. Harrison, Administrator: 76 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 1 PRESENT AND ANTICIPATED HARD FIBRE SUPPLIES AND DEMAND TO BE STUDIED: Rep- resentatives of the hard fibre cordage industry met on December 20, 1950, with of- ficials of the National Production: Authority for a preliminary review of the manila and sisal fibre supply and demand situation. Both industry and NPA agreed that because of expected increased demands for fibre cordage products resulting from the expanding rearmament program, further studies of present and anticipated hard fibre supplies and demand should be made. NPA will appoint a Hard Fibre Industry Advisory Committee to make such studies and report the findings at a meeting with the agency in January. Hard fibre cordage products are important to our defense program, as well as for essential civilian needs, NPA said. If studies indicate the possibility of shortages of these products, steps will betakento assure supplies for defense and essential civilian usage, NPA added. Products in which hard fibres are used include rope, binder and baler twine, tying twine, and some types of paper. Our supplies of manila fibre come fram Cen- tral America and the Philippines, while sisal fibre is imported from various points in the West Indies, South America, and Africa. HHH HK INCREASES AMOUNT OF ALUMINUM THAT CAN BE ae IN FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT PARTS: No. 3) to permit an increase in the amount of a that can be used in the manufacture of strictly functional component parts during March. The action was taken, NPA said, to give relief to certain manufacturers and assemblers of end products during March to maintain production and to permit ad—- ditional time for adoption of substitute materials. Order M-7 permits consumption of aluminum for non—defense purposes in March at 65 percent of the monthly average use for the first half of 1950. Direction No. 3 provides that in March manufacturers of component parts may use 75 percent of their average monthly use for this purpose in the base period, provided that: 1. The aluminum components serve a functional purposeinthe end product. 2. It is not practicable to substitute another material for alu- minum before or during March. 3. The aluminum components do not exceed one percent of the total weight of the end product. Anyone manufacturing aluminum component parts under these conditions must ob- tain a certification from the manufacturer or assembler of the end product stating that the terms of the NPA Direction were complied with. NOTE: FULL TEXT OF DIRECTION NO. 3 TO ORDER M-7'AND THE ORIGINAL ORDER M-7 AND OTHER DIREC- TIONS ISSUED ARE AVAILABLE FROM NATIONAL PRODUCTION AUTHORITY, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, WASHINGTON 25, D. C. KRHEEKHE ISSUES LIST OF MATERIALS SUBJECT TO ANTI-HOARDING PROVISIONS OF DEFENSE PRO- DUCTION ON ACT: In order to prevent excessive accumulation of a wide range of mate— rials important to both defense and civilian production, the National Production January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Tl Authority on December 28 issued a list of materials (NPA Notice 1) subject to the anti-hoarding provisions of the Defense Production Acte The list covers those mate— rials, under the jurisdiction of the Department of Commerce, vital to meeting defense production goals. Hoarding of these materials is unlawful, NPA pointed out. ‘ Section 102 of the Defense Production Act specifies that hoarding of impor- tant materials may be either that which is; (1) In excess of the reasonable de- mands of business, personal, or home consumption, or (2) for the purpose of resale at prices in excess of prevailing market prices of materials, the supply of which would be threatened by such accumulation. Materials in the NPA listing include certain building materials, chemicals, iron and steel products and scrap, lumber, plywood, wood pulp, aluminum, antimony, asbestos, cadmium, cerium, chromium, cobalt, columbium, ‘copper, industrial diamonds, lead, magnesium, manganese, mica, molybdenum, nickel, platinum, talc, tin, tungsten, vanadium, zinc, zircon, paper, paperboard, hog bristles. NOTE: FULL TEXT OF NPA NOTICE 1 (DATED DECEMBER 27, 1950) AVAILABLE FROM NATIONAL PRODUCTION AUTHORITY, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, WASHINGTON 25, D. C. Pr Department of Defense DECENTRALIZED ARMY OFFICES CONTINUE TO HANDLE ALL ARMY PROCUREMENT: While procedures, the Army's decentralized purchasing offices located throughout the United States will continue to handle all Army procurement, Under Secretary of the Army Archibald S. Alexander amnounced on December 20, 1950. Even though most contracts for Army procurement will not be negotiated, the negotiations will be done at the decentralized purchasing offices. Industrialists who wish to sell to the Army have no more reason for coming to Washington to ac— complish their business than they had before, the Under Secretary announced. Under the emergency procedure, the major part of Army procurement will be han- dled on a negotiated-contract basis rather than the advertised—bid procedure that has been used almost entirely heretofore. This will enable purchasing offices to speed up purchases of needed items. The fact that procurement is to be negotiated does not relax the requirements for competition. When supplies or services are to be acquired by negotiation, price quotations and proposals are solicited from qualified sources to assure com— petition consistent with the needs in each case. Under negotiated-contract procurement the Army purchasing office normally in- vites qualified suppliers to submit quotations accompanied by estimated production costs. Each supplier whose proposal is low enough to be considered is then ordi- narily invited to separate conferences at which purchasing officers endeavor to secure the best possible contract, taking into account quality, delivery, price, and other contract terms. The award is made to the supplier making the best final proposal. It is estimated that a 30 percent savings in contract-award time can be effected by use of negotiated contract. Changes in procurement procedures will not involve any changes in procurement channels because the Army has decentralized its procurement to many purchasing of- fices throughout the United States, each responsible for purchasingcertain classes 78 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 1 of commodities. Suppliers who have been on lists for advertised bids will also be on lists for negotiated contracts. Consequently they will continue to do busi- ness with the same purchasing offices as heretofore. However the system of advertising for bids will continue to be used in the purchase of many items, particularly standard consumer goods. TR Office of Defense Mobilization FUNCTIONS OF DEFENSE PRODUCTION ADMINISTRATION AND DEFHYSE MOBILIZATION BOARD: OS Oe Os OO OOOO 2S Ss With the establishement by the President of a new Defense Production Administration E. Wilson, Director of Defense Mobilization, issued the following statement on their functions: "The establishment of the Defense Production Administration to be headed by Mr. Harrison, and the Defense Mobilization Board are logical and timely steps in the orderly development of our defense program. "The board will advise and assist the Director in all of the major fields in which he has been assigned responsibility—production, food, transport, manpower, maintenance of a sound economy, and foreign aid. "The Defense Production Administration will provide coordination and direc-— tion to the production phase of the program. Its Administrator has been given all of the powers over priorities, allocations, requisitioning, loans, purchasing, and certification of accelerated tax amortization which have heretofore been given to other agencies by the Defense Production Act and by executive order. "Under this plan of organization, the Office of Defense Mobilization will de- termine general policies very much like the Office of War Mobilization did inWorld War II, and the Defense Production Administration will have about the same-powers as did the former War Production Board. However, while WPB conducted both program— ming and operating in its own name, the new Administration will concentrate on programming and will delegate back to the operating agencies the actual adminis— tration functions which they now perform. "For instance, the National Production Authority of the Commerce Department has heretofore had both programming and administrative powers over industrial pri- orities and allocations. These powers are now transferred to the Defense produc— tion Administration, but the actual issuance of orders after approval by DPA, etce, will be continued by NPA. Therefore, the change in organization will not disrupt the channels through which the public and industry have been dealing. "Not only will the Defense Production Administrator direct the domestic de- fense production effort, but he will also represent the United States on such com bined boards as may hereafter be set up in conjunction with other friendly nations, cooperating in production for defense of the free world. "In the case of food, it should be noted that the Administrator's powers are confined to the industrial uses of food. The Secretary of Agriculture will, of course, continue to administer the agricultural production programs, and will also 1/ALSO SEE PP. 79-80 OF THIS ISSUE. January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 09 exercise whatever allocation and other powers may be needed in connection with distribution of food for human and animal consumption. "Insofar as there is any need at present for planning and providing indus— trial production to take care of essential civilian needs, the Administrator will undertake the responsibility. However, if civilian supply becomes a more serious problem, it is intended that a separate agency will be created for this purpose. "We deem this organizational arrangement to be appropriate to the present stage of our defense program. consideration will have to be given to other changes." ee v Executive Order Obviously, as the program accelerates and broadens, DEFENSE PRODUCTION ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION BOARD ESTABLISHED : L/ The President on January 3, 1951, issued an Executive Order establishing a new De- fense Production Administration and a Defense Mobilization Board. of the order follows: EXECUTIVE ORDER 10260 ESTABLISHING THE DEFENSE PRODUCTION ADMINISTRATION By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and statutes, includ- ing the Defense Production Act of 1950, and as President of the United States and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, it is hereby ordered as follows: PART I. DEFENSE PRODUCTION ABMINISTRATION Section 1. (a) There is hereby created an agency which shall be known as the Defense Production Administration. (b) There shall be at the head of the Defense Production Administration a Defense Production Administrator, here- inafter referred to as the Administrator, who shall be appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Administrator shall perform his duties subject to the direc- tion, control; and eoordination of the Director of Defense Mobilization. Sec. 2. (a) There are hereby delegated to the Administrator the functions con- ferred upon the Presiient by Titles I and II and section 708 of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (relating re- spectively to priorities and allecations, Tequisitioning, and voluntary agree- ments) which were by the provisions of Part I, section 201 (a) of Part II, and Part VII of Executive Order No. 10161 of September 9, 1950, delegated to the Sec- retary of Commerce, the Secretary of the Interior, and the commissioner of the Interstate Commerce Commission, respectively, and those which were by the provisions of section 101 of the said _ Executive Order No. 10161 delegated to the Secretary of Agriculture to the ex- tent that they relate to-food which has been determined to be available for m- dustrial needs pursuant to section 3 of this order; and the said delegations made by the said Executive Order No. 10161 are hereby terminated accordingly. (®) The Administrator shall direct the administration of the functions provided |’ for in sections 302 and 303 of the De- fense Production Act of 1950 (relating to expansion of production, capacity, and supply) except as to food; and ac- cordingly, (1) the functions delegated to the Administrator of General Services by the provisions of section 304 of the said Executive Order No. 10161 shall be performed by him only pursuant to cer- tificates of or subject to the approval of the Defense Production Administrator, and (2) that part of section 303 of the said Executive Order No. 10161 which “precedes paragraph (a) thereof is hereby amended to read as follows: “SEcTION 303. Within such amounts of funds as may be made available, and upon the certificate of the Secretary of Agricul- ture in respect of foed and of the Defense Production Administrator in respect of other materials and facilities, as to the necessity for loans, purchases, commitments, or ex- ploration, as the case may he:” (c) In carrying out the functions dele- gated or otherwise assigned to him by the foregoing provisions of this Execu- tive order, the Administrator shall: (1) Pending the further order of the. President or the Director of Defense Mobilization, and excluding the duties set forth in paragraphs (2) to (5), in- clusive, immediately below, provide by redelegation or otherwise for the perfor- ee I/SEE PP. 78-9 OF THIS ISSUE FOR STATEMENT ON FUNCTIONS. The full text ‘mance of the said functioms by the re- spective officers and agencies to whom the said functions were delegated by the said Executive Order No. 10161 and their delegates. (2) Perform the ventral programming functions incident to the determination of the production programs required to meet defense needs.. (3) Make determinations as to the provision of adequate facilities for de- fense production and as to the proce- dures and methods followed by Executive agencies with respect to the accomplish- ment of defense production programs, including those with respect to purchas- ing, contracting, and specifications. (4) Assemble estimated labor supply requirements for the fulfillment of pro- jected defense production programs and furnish them to the Secretary of Labor for use in connection with the functions assigned to him by Part VI of the said Executive Order No. 10161. (5) Perform, without the power of re- delegation, those functions of the Ad- ministrator under section 2 (a) of this Executive order (relating to certain vol- untary agreements), which were hereto- fore delegated to the Secretary of Commerce by the provisions of section 701 (b) (1) of the said Executive Order No. 10161, and perform such other func- tions regarding voluntary agreements as he may determine. : (d) The provisions of sections 902 and 9(3 of Executive Order No. 10161 (in- cluding those with respect to subpoena) are hereby made applicable +9 the Ad- ministrator with respect to his functions. (e) The Administrator is hereby des- ignated as the certifying authority for 80 the purposes of and within the meaning of subsection (e) of section 124A of the Internal Revenue Code, as added by sec- tion 216 of the Revenue Act of 1950, approved September 23, 1950. Sec. 3. (a) Whenever the available supply of any food is insufficient to meet all needs therefor the Administrator and the Secretary of Agriculture shall jointly determine the division to be made of the available supply of such food as between food for industrial needs and food for human and animal consumption. (b) In the event of any difference of view between the Administrator and the Secretary of Agriculture relating to the execution of section 3 (a) above, or in the event of any difference in view aris- ing between the Secretary of Agriculture and any other officer or agency of the Government in the administration of functions under the Defense Production Act of 1950 with respect to food or fa- cilities therefor, such difference of view shall be submitted to the Director of Defense Mobilization for decision. Src. 4. Section 902 (d) (1) of Execu- tive Order No. 10161 of September 9; yee) is hereby amended to read as fol- ows: “(1) Each officer or agency haying func- tions under the said Act delegated or as- signed to such officer or agency by or pur- suant to this Executive order shall submit to the Chairman of the United States Civil Service Commission suth requests for classi- fication of positions in grades 16, 17, and 18 of the General Schedule as may be neces- Economic Stabil COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW sary, and shall accompany any such request! with a certificate stating that the duties’ of the position are essential and appropriate for the administration of the said Act.” Sec. 5. Section 802 of Executive Order No. 10161 of September 9, 1950, is hereby revoked, and the authority of the Chair- man of the National Security Resources ‘Board under section 103 (b) of the said Executive Order No. 10161 to approve the designation of officers and agencies as claimants is hereby terminated. Sec. 6. (a) To the extent that provi- sions of Executive Order No. 10161 of September 9, 1950 are inconsistent with the provisions of this order the latter shall control, and the said Executive Vols 135 sNooi! relating to any function affected ‘by this Executive order shall remain in effect i except as they are inconsistent herewith or are hereafter amended or revoked under proper authority. (d) Nothing in this Executive order shall be deemed to supersede any provi- sion of Executive Order No. 10193 of De- cember 16, 1950. Sec. 7. The provisions of sections 2 to 6, inclusive, of this Executive order shall not be effective until the Administrator first appointed hereunder takes office as Administrator. PART II, DEFENSE MOBILIZATION BOARD Sec. 8. There is hereby established in Order No. 10161 is amended accordingly,} the Office of Defense Mobilization (estab- Except as modified or made inapplica-| lished by Executive Order No. 10193 of ble by the provisions of this Executive order, provisions of the said Executive Order No. 10161 relating to functions vested in the Administrator hereby shall continue to be applicable to such func- tions. Executive Order No. 10172 of Oc- tober 12, 1950 is hereby revoked. Nothing in this Executive order shall affect the validity or force of anything heretofore. done under the said Executive Orders Nos. 10161 or 10172. (b) Any officer or agency having by delegation or otherwise any function’ under this order shall have all the au- thority conferred by sections 902 and 903 of Executive Order No. 10161, ineluding the authority with respect to subpoena. (c) All orders, regulations, rulings, certificates, directives, and other actions Bi December 16, 1950) the Defense Mobili- zation Board, which shall consist of the Director of Defense Mobilization as Chairman, the Secretaries of Defense, the Treasury, the Interior, Commerce, Agriculture, and Labor, the Chairman of the Reconstruction Finance Corpora- tion, the Chairman of the Board of Gov- ernors of the Federal Reserve System, the Chairman of the National Security Resources Board, and such other offi- cials as said Director may from time to time designate. The said Board shail . be advisory to the Director of Defense Mobilization. : Harry S, TRUMAN ‘THE WHITE HOUSE, January 3, 1951. ization Agency ORGANIZATIONAL STATEMENT: In December 1950 the Economic Stabilization Agency issued the following organizational statement: The organization of the Economic Stabilization Agency, established pur- suant to the Defense Production Act of: 1950 (Pub. Law 774, 81st Cong.) and Ex- ecutive Order 10161 (15 F. R. 6105), is outlined below (in the formulation of the following regulations special circum- stances have rendered impracticable consultation with industry representa- tives, including trade association repre- sentatives) : CENTRAL OFFICE Sec. I. Location. Il. Official communications. TI. Internal organization. IV. Where information may be secured or submittals made. V. Availability of opinions, orders and deci- sions. VI. Availability of official records. CENTRAL OFFICE Section I Location. The Central Of- fice of the Economic Stabilization Agen- - cy is located at Temporary Building E, Fourth and Adams Drive, SW., Washing- ton, D. C. Sec.II Official Communications. Of- ficial communications should be ad- dressed td the Economic Stabilization Administrator, Washington 25, D. C. Sec. Im Internal Organization. There are in the Economic Stabiliza- tion Agency: (a) An Economic Stabilization Ad- ministrator, hereinafter referred to as the Administrator, to whom functions have been delegated under Executive Order 10161 and the Defense Production } Act of 1950. (b) A Director of Price Stabilization, who shall perform such functions with respect to price stabilization as may be determined by the Administrator. (c) A Wage Stabilization Board, which shall make recommendations to the Administrator regarding the plan- .| ning and development of wage stabili- zation policies and shall perform such further functions with respect to wage stabilization as may be determined by the Administrator after consultation with the Board. (d) From time ts time the Adminis- trator may, in accordance with section 407 (c) of the Defense Production Act of 1950, designate a Board of Review, consisting of one or more officers or em- ‘ployees of the Economic Stabilization Agency, to give consiceration to a par- ticular protest filed azainst a regulation _or order relating to price controls and to make written recommendations to the Administrator concerning such protest. Sec. IV Where information may be “secured or submittals made. Any person desiring information relative to a matter within the jurisdiction of the Economic Stabilization Agency or any person de- . Siring to make a submittal or a request in ‘connection with such a matter should communicate either orally or in writing with the Economic Stabilization Admin- istrator. Sec. V Availability of opinions, orders and decisions. All final opinions, orders and decisions issued by the Administra- tor in the administrative adjudication of cases arising under the Defense Produc- tion Act of 1950, except those opinions, Jamuary 1951 orders and decisions required for good ‘cause to be held confidential, shall be available for public inspection at the of- fice of the Economic Stabilization Agency. Sec. VI Availability of official records. Except as otherwise required by law, copies of and information from official records of the Economic Stabilization Agency, except such as are held confi- dential for good cause found, shall be made available to persons properly and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ‘directly concerned. Official records of the Economic Stabilization Agency shall include: (a) All applications, vegistrations, petitions, protests, reports and returns filed with the Administrator under any statute, regulation, or executive order. (b) All final opinions, orders and de- cisions issued by the Administrator. (c) All pleadings, transcripts of testi- mony, exhibits, and all documents re- ceived in evidence or made part of the : KEK EK H 81 record of a proceeding held under any statute, regulation or executive order. (d) All ceiling price regulations pro- mulgated by the Administrator. (e) All wage stabilization régulations promulgated by the Administrator. (f) All other regulations promulgated by the Administrator pursuant to the Act. ALAN VALENTINE, | Economic Stabilization Administrator. NEED AND PURPOSES STABILIZATION : FOR ECONOMIC STABILIZATION EXPLAINED BY DIRECTOR OF PRICE The following statement on the need and purposes of economic sta— bilization was made by the Director of Price Stabilization, Economic Stabilization Agency, at a press conference held on December 8, 1950: "It is our task to mobilize the people of the nation, i.e., consumer, management, labor and agri- culturists in an all-out effort to keep this nation sound economically in the face of defense needs. No greater contribution to this program could be made than to emphasize the value of individual conduct in this drive. Individual self-discipline andrestrain' will be our greatest weapons in the job that has to be done; buy only that which is absolutely necessary refrain from hoarding; refuse to profiteer; keep calm| amongst rumors of shortages; remember that the pro- ductive capacity of this nation continues to be great enough to supply our needs at this time. "As I interpret it, the intent of Congress was tenfold: 1. To prevent inflation and preserve the value of the national currency. 2. To assure that defense appropriations are not dissipated by excessive costs and prices. 3} To stabilize the costs of living for workers and other consumers. 4e To stabilize the cost of production for farmers and businessmen. 5. To eliminate and prevent profiteering hoarding, manipulation, speculation, and other disruptive practices result- ing from abnormal market conditions or scarcities. To protect consumers, wage earners, investors, and persons with relatively fixed or limited incomes from undue impairment of their living standards. To prevent economic disturbances, la- bor disputes, interference with the effective mobilization of national re- sources, and impairment of national unity and morale. 8. To assist in maintaining a reasonable balance between purchasing power and the supply of consumer goods and ser-— vices. 9. To protect the national economy against future loss of needed purchasing power by the present dissipation of individ- ual savings. 10. To prevent a future collapse of values. "Hoarders and profiteers are enemies of thena— tion. Their activities if not curbed will defeat the purposes of this Act, and destroy the nation from within as certainly as armed action by an out- side foe. Consequently we cannot emphasize too _ strongly our complete determination to lick this problem. "Every agency of the Government that can be of assistance will be called upon to cooperate inanall out drive to protect the great percentage of patri- otic and loyal citizens against the selfishness and total lack of responsibility of this small percentage of jackals that attempt to unjustly enrich themselves at the expense of national peril. "These internal enemies will be hunted out and exposed. They will be followed and brought to jus— tice regardless of the time involved. This will be an everyday and never-ending task of this Agency. keKK HK PRICING STANDARDS FOR BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY: Pricing standards for business and industry were announced by the Economic Stabilization Agency (ESA) on Decem- ber 9, 1950. Nation-wide compliance in order to avoid the necessity of further mandatory price controls was requested by the Agency. 82 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 1 ESA announced that any price increases after December 1, 1950, which are in excess of those that would be permissible under the following standards will be regarded as subject to action by the Agency at the earliest feasible time. 1. Prices may not be increased by any manufacturer or industrial producer whose net dollar profits before taxes are equal to or in excess of its average net dollar profits before taxes in the period 1946-1949, except as provided in the following standard. 2. As to an individual material or service sold by a company whose net over-all profits are running above the general earning stand- ard as set out above, the price of such particular product or service may not be increased if it is being sold at a profit. In case of a particular material or service which is not profit— able, the price may be increased but in no case by more than (a) the amount necessary to make it profitable or (b) the amount of the increase since June 24, 1950, in the cost of direct wages and materials going into this product, whichever is lower. 3. As applied to the distribution trade (wholesale and retail), gross margins may not be increased above the June 1950 level if net dollar profits before taxes of the distributor are equal to or in excess of average net dollar profits before taxes of the distributor in the period 1946-1949. 4. Distributors may not increase their prices on the basis of in- creases in replacement costs or market costs. Margins may be added only to inventory cost actually paid. In applying the above standards, producers and processors should maintain the same proportionate production of lower-priced items as in the pre—Korean period. In determining whether a- price increase is permissible under the above stand- ards, sellers must base their determination only upon actual experience. It is not permissible, under the standards, to raise any price on the basis ofa forcast of conditions that may prevail at some later date or of costs whichare estimated without experience. The Agency served notice upon all sellers affected by the standards that any official price action hereafter taken will make use of a base period ending not later than December 1, 1950, and that no seller will derive any advantage under the regulations from price increases after that date. Prices of certain basic materials which were increased during the period between June 24, 1950, and De- cember 1, 1950, will be subject to reduction, in accordance with these standards, where that is necessary to make possiblé the maintenance of December 1 pricelevels at later stages of manufacture. The Director of Price Stabilization, in releasing the pricing standards, stated that he wished it understood that these standards do not limit profits to any com— pany except as increased profits would be generated by price increases. There is no intention on the part of the Agency to control profits which accrue through in- creased volume or economies in operation. The Agency does feel, however, that in such a national emergency as presently confronts the country it is reasonable to ask all sellers to cooperate in the stabilization program to the extent that they do not increase prices in order to enable them to make greater profits than they were able to make before fighting began in Korea. January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 83 The cooperation of industry in pricing according to the standards will largely determine the necessity of mandatory controls, the Director stated; and that while these standards are appropriate at this time, more rigorous standards may be nec- essary later. we eK HK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS INTERPRETING PHASES OF VOLUNTARY PRICING STANDARDS: Pricing Standards were issued by the Agency on December 27, 1950: 1. Q. Are the new pricing standards a mandatory ceiling? A. No. They are standards to which sellers are asked to adhere voluntarily. 2. Q. What is meant by the statement that price increases inexcess of the standards will be regarded as subject to action by ESA? A. The action referred to is investigation, consultation, and pos— sible issuance of a legal ceiling. 3. Q.- Do the standards apply to processors? A. Yes. (They are included in the term "industrial producer.") 4e Qe What does "net dollar profits before taxes" mean? A. Net income. Net dollar profits in the base period can ordi- narily be determined simply by taking the total net income reported on federal income tax returns. 5. Q- What base period should be used by a seller whose accounts are on a fiscal year rather than a calendar year basis? A. He should use fiscal years, taking the four years ending nearest to December 31, .1949. 6. Q. How does a company tell whether its net dollar profits have fallen below the base period standard? A. The announcement says that a company should make this determi- nation only on the basis of actual experience, This means that it should ordinarily rely on its earnings statement for its most recent accounting period. Te Qe What does the term "profitable" mean in the standard for per- mitted increases in the prices of particuler materials or ser- vices? A. The announcement does not attempt to define this term exactly since the standards are general guides and the situations of particular products affected will vary widely in nature. No increase is permitted under this standard unless the product is selling at a loss. The increase cannot in any case exceed 9. Qe 13. Q- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIBW Vol. 13, Now 1 the amount of the increase in direct labor and material costs incurred since the Korean outbreak. The full amount of this increase may not be added if a lesser increase will put the product in a profit position. Since this standard applies only to companies whose overall position is favorable, a profit po- sition will generally be defined as considérably less than the average profit margin for the company's operations as a whole. How long must a company stand a loss on a product before ad- justing prices (i.e. if a sudden market upheaval in one line resulted in a loss operation, would one°week, one month, etc., be long enough to determine that a price raise was necessary?) Only as long as is necessary to establish firmly that a loss is actually being incurred on the particular product. What is meant by gross margins? Gross margins are to be defined and calculated in accordance with the customary practices of the individual trade. Do the standards apply to rapid growth industries, television for instance? The standards are general ones, used for the purpose of guid— ing businessmen in their current pricing. While generally applicable to American business, they obviously do not spe— cifically cover all types of situations. They do apply to industries or companies which have experienced normal or moderate rates of growth, but special provisions will have to be made for companies whose operations have experienced an abnormally rapid growth as a result of new products. How do companies determine pricing standards for new products, and how about new firms which have no base period record? The answer to 10 partly applies here also. However, the gen- eral rule on new models and for new sellers is to price in line with the prices of previous models of established sellers. Why was the period of 1946-49 chosen, rather than the high profit and high volume period of 1950? In view of the shifting relationships among firms and indus— tries, a base period needs to cover at least several years. Furthermore, half of 1950 reflected the price movement which occurred after Kore2, For the purpose of these standards, it is believed that the post-war years, 1946 through 1949, are a fair and equitable base period. It should be emphasized that the general standard does not limit profits to thoseof this period—on the contrary, it permits price increases when necessary to preserve the profits of this period, and is thus in a sense a minimum guarantee, Do the new standards apply to farmers or sellers of farmcom— modities on commodity markets? January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 85 A. Noe they apply only to "manufacturers, industrial producers and distributors," 14. Qe The announcement says that distributors must add their mar— gins only to inventory cost actually paid, and not toreplace- ment or market costs. Is this not inconsistent with the LIFO or other basis of accounting? A. No. The LIFO basis is simply a way of determining actual in- ventory cost. Distributors should follow their regular method of determining such costs, whether on a LIFO basis or any other, always providing it is based on actual inventory. Other questions that arise will be answered in similar releases to be issued as soon as possible. kKeKKE a memorandum addressed to him by the Wage Stabilization Board of the ESA stating the unanimous views of its members regarding the place of wage and salary stabili- zation in an over-all national effort to control the causes, and to avoid the con- sequences of inflation. The Board expressed its conviction that immediate and long range prevention of inflation can best be insured by a broad scale attack on its basic causes, and cited 18 specific steps which it felt are essential or desirable to combat the strains now threatening the national economy. Among them were: various steps to increase production, higher taxes, reduc— tion of government non-military spending, limitation of credit expansion by con— trolling private lending, consumer credit controls, rent controls, controls over consumer, industrial and farm prices,and over speculative commodity markets, busi- ness inventory limitations, and stabilization of wages, salaries,and other canpen— sations o The stabilization of wages, price ceilings and other measures to control spe- cific areas of the economy will not by themselves attack inflation at its sources, the Board statement declared, but will conceal and defer its effects, while per- miting a pressure of hidden spending power to build up. It added, however, that properly conceived, integrated, and administered, wage and salary controls have a definite and essential part to play and pledged the Board to do all in its power to perform its stabilization functions according to the intent and spirit of the law. The statement was adopted during a four day session of the Board inWashington in mid-December. The Board, which is charged with making recommendations to the ESA Administrator on policies of wage stabilization, is composed of nine members, three each from industry, labor,and the public. Its Chairman is a public member. kKeKKE 86 PRICE PROCEDURAL REGULATION ISSUED: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13; No. 1 Price Procedural Regulation 1 (effective December 18, 1950) was issued by the Economic Stabilization Agency. Since this is a basic regulation which will be used by the Agency in making various kinds of price determinations, the full text of the Regulation follows: TITLE 32A—NATIONAL DEFENSE, APPENDIX 300.32 Chapter Il—Economic Stabilization — Agency 300.34 300.35 [Price Procedural Reg. 1] Part 300—PRICE PROCEDURAL REGULATION’ Pursuant to the Defense Production} 300.36 Act of 1950 (Pub. Law 774, 81st Cong.) | 300.37 and Executive Order 10161 (15 F. R. 6105), the following part is issued gov- erning the promulgation of ceiling price regulations, applications for adjustment, petitions for amendment, protests and/: interpretations, all relating to price|| stabilization (in the formulation of thel}:300.40 following part special circumstances have rendered impracticable consulta- tion with industry representatives, in- cluding trade association representa- tives) : Supspart A—PurRPosE or THIs Part 300.38 300.39 | 300.41 300.42 300.43 300.44 Sec. 300.1 Purpose. 300.45 300.46 SusrParT B—ISSUANCE OF CEILING PRICE REGULATIONS 300.2 Investigation prior to issuance. 300.47 300.3. Price hearing prior to issuance. 300.4 Notice of pre-issuance hearing. 300.6 Conduct of pre-issuance hearing. 300.6 Statement of considerations. 800.7 Notice of provisions of a ceiling price} 300.48 regulation. 300.49 300.8 Effective date. 300.50 Susrpart C—APPLICATIONS FOR ADJUSTMENT 300.9 Right to apply for adjustment. 300.10 Place of filing. 300.51 300.11 Form of application. 300.12 Applications must be signed. 300.13 Joint applications; consolidation. 300.52 300.14 Investigation of application. 300.15 Action by the Administrator on ap-j 300.53 plications for adjustment. 300.16 Protest of denial of application. Suspart D—PETITION ror AMENDMENT 300.17 Right to file a petition. 300.18 Time and place for filing petitions; form and contents. Joint petitions for amendment. Action by the Administrator on pe- tition. SusParRT E—PROTESTS 300.20a Introduction Note. 300.19 300.20 GENERAL PROVISIONS Right to protest. Action by representative. Time and place for filing protests. Form of protest and number of cepies. Assignment of docket number. Protest and evidential material not conforming to the requirements of this subpart. Joint protests. Consolidation of protests. Amendment of protests and presen- tation of additional evidence. Action by the Administrator on protest. Basis for determination of protest. 300.21 300.22 800.23 300.24 300.25 300.26 300.27 300.28 300.29 300.30 300.31 CONTENTS OF PROTESTS AND SUPPORTING MATERIAL IN SUPPORT OF THE REGULATION AvTHoRITY: §§ 300.1 to 300.63 issued under sec. 704, Pub. Law 774, 81st Cong. Interpret or apply Title IV, Pub. Law 774, 81st-Cong., E. O. 10161, Sept. 9, 1950, 15 FP. R. 6105. SupparT A—PURPOSE OF THIS ParT § 300.1 Purpose. It is the purpose of|?eSulation shall be given by publicatior this part (Price Procedural Regulation|°f such notice in the FEDERAL REGISTER 1) to prescribe and explain the proce- dure used by the Economic Stabilization|given in any other appropriate manner Administrator in making various kinds|The notice shall state the time and plac€ of price determinations. (a) Subpart B deals with the proce- eT EE dure of the Economic Stabilization Ad- Contents of protests. ministrator in issuing ceiling price regu- Affidavits or other written evidencejlations. in support of protest. (b) Subpart C deals with individual Pai Ae eget rere gh ESE applications for adjustment of ceiling bub lonitot cbrleth yy PED mt, prices established by a ceiling price regu- lation. An adjustment ordinarily affects PROTESTED the prices of one particular seller or Statements of considerations. group of sellers who apply for a change Incorporation of material in thejin the prices established for them by the record by the Administrator. provisions of a ceiling price regulation. ae Bkbcmae anieeal seekers An adjustment can be granted only if nec aa einen in suppor ne, epDuCnG celing, pic, regulation ce) e T ation. ing of an adjustment, or where other- BOARDS OF REVIEW wise authorized by the Administrator. (c) Subpart D deals with petitions for Right to ideration by a board of See Sa i setae Seabee oer amendment. A petition for amendment Composition of boards of review. |May be filed by any person who is af- Where boards of review hear oraljfected by a ceiling price regulation and ent. who desires a change of general appli- pea ice eee by a board/cability in the provisions of the regu- y lation itself. It is the appropriate Rehan cent pace consideration In) joc¢ument to be filed when a person does Hearing of oral argument. not wish to file a formal statutory pro- Action by boards of review at the|test or is not entitled to do so because conclusion of their considerationjhe is not subject to the regulation as of a protest. defined in § 300.21. Acuon by. Administrator after receipt (d) eau E deals with protests. Clone nt OF Teview's recommends-!rhe nature and function of protests are set forth in general in the introduction DETERMINATION OF PROTEST to Subpart E (§ 300.20a). Order granting protest in whole. | (e) Subpart F explains the way in Opinion denying protest in whole or|Which interpretations are rendered by: in part. the Economic Stabilization Administra- Treatment of protest as petition for| tor. cayanenene. or an application for! (#) Subpart G contains miscellaneous Petitions for reconsideration. SS ee ge Bees es ieee ‘Suspart F—INTERPRETATIONS hereinafter used shall refer to the Eco- Who may render official interpreta-| nomic Stabilization Administrator. tions, and the effect thereof. Requests for interpretations; form|SUBPART B—IssuaNcE OF CEILING PRICE REGULATIONS and contents. § 300.2 Investigation prior to issuance.. Revocation or modification of inter- pretation: A ceiling price regulation may be issued SvsBPakT G—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS AND| by the Administrator after such studies DEFINITIONS Witness fees. Contemptuous conduct. Continuance or adjourment of ‘hear- and investigations as he deems necessary or proper. Before issuing a ceiling price regulation the Administrator shall, so far as is practicable, advise and consult with representatives of persons substan- Service of papers. tially affected by such regulation. Office hours. i i s Confidential information; inspection Be Nacho dl Se niaeatene pe pra filed with the Ad-} deems it necessary or proper that a price Definitions. hearing be held prior to the issuance Amendment of this part. of a ceiling price regulation, he may pro- vide for such hearing in accordance with §§ 300.4 and 300.5. § 300.4 Notice of pre-issuance hear- ing. Notice of any price hearing ordered prior to the issuance of a ceiling price and may be supplemented by notice of the price hearing and shall contair January 1951 ‘an appropriate indication of the pur- poses of such hearing. ing. A price hearing held prior to the issuance of a ceiling price regulation}Any application for adjustment filed pursuant to this subpart, inclusive, shall be signed either by the applicant per- ‘sonally, or if a partnership by a partner, or if a corporation or association by a duly authorized officer thereof. shall be conducted in such manner, con- sistent with the need for expeditious ac- tion, as will permit the fullest possible presentation of evidence by such per- sons as are, in the judgment of the Ad- ministrator, best qualified to provide in- formation with respect to matters con- sidered at the hearing or most likely to be seriously affected by action which may be taken as a result of the hearing. § 300.6 Statement of considerations. Every ceiling price regulation shall be accompanied by a statement of the con- siderations involved in its issuance. Such statement may include economic data and other facts of which the Ad- ministrator has taken official notice and facts found by the Administrator as a result of action taken under section 705 of the act. § 300.7 Notice of provisions of a ceil- ing price regulation. Notice of the pro- visions of a ceiling price regulation shall be given by filing such regulation with the Division of the Federal Register. As soon as possible after the filing of such regulation, the Administrator shall make copies thereof available to the press. § 300.8 Effective date. The effective date of a ceiling price regulation shall be the date specified in such regulation. SuBPART C—APPLICATIONS FOR ADJUSTMENT § 300.9 Right toapply for adjustment. Unless otherwise provided, any person subject to a ceiling price regulation who seeks adjustment under an adjustment provision thereof, shall make application therefor pursuant to the provisions of this subpart. § 300.10 Place of filing. All applica- tions shall be filed with the Economic Stabilization Administrator, Washington 25, D.C. § 300.11 Form of application. (a) Applications for adjustment shall be filed upon such forms as the Admin- istrator shall from time to time prescribe. If no form has been designated for appli- cations for the particular type of adjust- ment sought, the application shall set forth the following: (1) Name and post office address of the applicant, the nature of his business, and the manner in which he is subject to the price regulation in question. (2) A designation of the provision for adjustment pursuant to which the appli- cation is filed. (3) The information, if any, required by the terms of the applicable adjust- ment provision. (4) A clear and concise statement of the facts upon which applicant relies to qualify him for adjustment under the applicable adjustment provision, to the extent that such facts are not furnished under paragraph (a) (3) of this section. (5) A statement of the specific adjust- ment or other relief sought. all accompanying documents shall be § 300.5 Conduct of pre-issuance hear-| ed in duplicate. dation. (a) Two or more persons may file a joint application for adjustment where at least one ground is common to all persons joining therein. A joint ap- plication shall be signed by each appli- shall be filed and determined in accord- ance with the rules governing the filing and determination of applications filed by one person. Whenever the Adminis- trator deems it necessary or appropriate for the disposition of joint applications, he may treat joint applications sepa- rately, and, in any event, may require the filing of relevant materials by each individual applicant. deems it necessary or appropriate for the more than one person, he may consoli- date the applications. Upon receipt of an application for ad- justment, the Administrator may make COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 87 (b) Applications for adjustment and |for 6mendment is not subject to protest or judicial review under the act. § 300.18 Time and place for filing pe- titions: form and contents. A petition for amendment shall be filed with the Economic Stabilization Administrator, Washington 25, D.C. Five copies of the petition and of all accompanying docu- ments and briefs shall be filed. Each copy shall be printed, typewritten, mim- eographed, or prepared by a Similar process, and shall be plainly legible. Copies shall be double spaced, except that quotations shall be single spaced and indented. Every petition shall con- tain, upon the first page thereof, the number and the date of issuance of the ceiling price regulation to which the pe- tition relates, and shall be designated “Petition for Amendment’; shall state the name and address of the petitioner, shall specify the manner in which the petitioner is subject to or affected by the provision of the ceiling price regulation involved, and shall include a specific statement of the particular amendment desired and the facts which make that amendment necessary or appropriate. The petition shall be accompanied by statements setting forth the evidence upon which the petitioner relies in his petition. § 300.19 Joint petitions for amend- ment.. Two or more persons may file a joint petition for amendment. Joint pe- titions shall be filed and determined in accordance with the rules governing the filing and determination of petitions filed by one person. A joint petition may be filed only where at least one ground is common to all persons joining it. When- § 300.12 Applications must be signed. § 300.13 Joint applications; consoli- cant in accordance with § 300.12 and (b) Whenever the Administrator disposition of the applications filed by § 300.14 Investigation of application. such investigation of the facts involved in the application, hold such conferences, and request the filing of such supple- mentary information as may be neces- sary to the proper disposition of the application. ever the Administrator deems it to be § 300.15 Action by the Administrator|necessary or appropriate for the disposi- on applications for adjustment. Within|tion of joint petitions, he may treat such a reasonable time after the filing of an|joint petitions as several and, in any application for adjustment, the Admin-jevent, he may require the filing of rele- istrator may either : vant material by each individual peti- (a) Dismiss any application for ad-|tioner. justment which fails substantially to} ¢ 399.29 Action by the Administrator comply with this subpart; or i (b)'iGrant. or deny. in. whole or in on petition. In the consideration of any A petition for amendment the Adminis- part, any application for adjustment ard Se 5 y afford to the petitioner and which is properly pending before him. eqtathien , persons likely to have informa- The applicant shall be informed in writ- conibeacin ‘ g upon such proposed amend- ing of the action so taken, ment, or likely to be affected thereby, § 300.16 Protest of denial of applica-|an opportunity to present evidence or tion. Any applicant whose application/argument in support of, or in opposition for adjustment has been denied in whole|to, such proposed amendment. When- or in part by the Administrator may file|/ever necessary or appropriate for the full a protest against such order in accord-jand expeditious determination of com- ance with the provisions of Subpart E.}mon questions raised by two or more The effective date of such order for the|petitions for amendment, the Adminis- purpose of such protest aa be the date|trator may consolidate such petitions. on which it was mailed to the applicant. Such protest may be based only upon SUBPART SSeS grounds raised in the application for] §300.20a Introduction Note. Sub- part E deals with protests. A protest is eeciaae th ided b tion 407 (a) e means provided by section a SusparT D—PETITION FOR AMENDMENT |oF the act for making formal objections § 300.17 Right to file a petition. Ajto a regulation or order relating to price petition for amendment may be filed at}/controls. Ordinarily, the filing of a pro- any time by any person subject to or af-|test is also a prerequisite to obtaining fected by a provision of a ceiling price|judicial review by the Emergency Court regulation. A petition for amendmentjof Appeals of the validity of such regu- shall propose an amendment of generaljlations or orders. The only other applicability and shall be granted or de-|method of obtaining judicial review is nied solely on the merits of the amend-|the filing of a complaint in the Emer- ment proposed. The denial of a petition|gency Court of Appeals after obtaining 88 special leave to do so in an enforcement proceeding pursuant to section 408 (e) of the act. Subpart E also contains provisions for consideration of protests by boards of review in accordance with section 407 (c) of the act. A protestant is en- titled to consideration of his objections by a board of review if he files a -pro- test in accordance with the provisions of this subpart, inclusive, making a specific request for consideration by a board of review in accordance with § 300.32 (b). GENERAL PROVISIONS § 300.21 Right to protest. son subject to any provision of a regu- lation or order relating to price controls may file a protest against such provision in the manner set forth in this subpart. A person is, for the purposes of t subpart, subject to a provision of a regu- lation or order relating to price controls only if such provision prohibits or re- quires action by him: Provided, however, That a producer of an agricultural com- modity shall be considered to be subject; to a ceiling price regulation for the pur- pose of asserting any right created by section 402 (d) (3) of the act for the benefit of producers of such an agricul- tural commodity. Any protest filed by a person not subject to the provision protested, or otherwise not in accord- ance with this subpart, may be dismissed by the Administrator. § 300.22 Action by representative. Any action which by the provisions of this subpart is required of, or permitted to be taken by, a protestant may, unless otherwise expressly stated, as in § 300.32 (a) (8), be taken on his behalf by any person whom the protestant has by written power of attorney authorized to represent him. Such power of attorney, signed by the protestant, shall be filed with the protest. § 300.23 Time and place for filing pro- tests. (a) A protest against a provi- sion of a regulation or order relating to price controls may be filed at any time within six (6) months after the effective date of such regulation or order, or, in the case of new grounds arising after the effective date of such regulation or order, within six (6) months after such new grounds arise. In the latter case, the protest shall state the new grounds which are the basis for the delayed pro- test, and shall make clear when such new grounds arose and in what respect they were not available upon the effec- tive date of the regulation or order protested. (b) Protests shall be filed with the Economic Stabilization Administrator, Washington 25, D. C., and shall be deemed filed on the date received by the Administrator. § 300.24 Form of protest and number of copies. Every protest shall contain upon the first page thereof a heading or title clearly designating it as a protest. The protest shall also contain on the first page thereof the number of the ceiling price regulation, or appropriate identification of any other regulation or order, against which the protest is di- Any per-|| COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW rected. Six copies of the protest and of all accompanying documents and briefs shall be filed. § 300.25 Assignment of docket num- ber. Upon receipt of a protest it shall be assigned a docket number, of which the protestant shall be notified, and all further papers in the proceedings shall contain on the first page thereof the docket number so assigned and the num- ber of the ceiling price regulation, or appropriate identification of any other regulation or order, being protested. § 300.26 Protest and evidential ma- terial not conforming to the require- ments of this subpart. In any case where a protest or accompanying evi- dential material does not conform, in a | substantial respect, to the requirements of this subpart, the Administrator may dismiss such protest, or, in his discretion, may strike such evidential material from the record of the proceedings in connec- tion with the protest. § 300.27 Joint protests. Two or more persons may file a joint protest. Joint protests shall be filed and determined in accordance with the rules governing the filing and determination of protests filed by one person. A joint protest shall be verified in accordance with § 300.32 (a) (8) by each protestant. A joint pro- test may be filed only where at least one ground is common to all persons joining in it. Whenever the Administrator deems it to be necessary or appropriate for the disposition of joint protests, he may treat such joint protests as several,. and, in any event, he may require the filing of relevant materials by each indi- vidual protestant. § 300.28 Consolidation of protests. Whenever necessary or appropriate for the full and expeditious determination of common questions raised by two or more protests the Administrator may consolidate such protests. § 300.29 Amendment of protests and presentation of additional evidence. In general, all of the objections upon which a protestant intends to rely in the pro- test proceedings must be clearly stated in the protest when it is filed and all of the evidence which the protestant wishes to offer in support of the protest must be filed at the same time. This rule does not apply to evidence not subject to protestant’s control, dealt with in § 300.33 (b), and the submission of oral: testimony, dealt with in § 300.34. A prot- estant may, however, be granted per- jmission to amend his protest so as to state additional objections or to present further evidence in connection therewith upon a showing of reasonable excuse for failure to present such objections, or evi- dence, at the time the protest was first filed. The permission will be granted only if, in the judgment of the Admin-| istrator, it will not unduly delay the completion of the proceedings on the protest. § 300.30 Action by the Administrator on protest. (a) Within a reasonable time after the filing of any protest in oral §§ 300.34 or 300.39; Vol. 13, No. 1 event more than thirty (30) days after such filing, the Administrator shall: (1) Grant or deny such protest in whole or in part; (2) Notice such protest for hearing of testimony in accordance with (3) Notice such protest for hearing of oral argument by a board of review in accordance with § 300.43; or (4) Provide an opportunity to present further evidence in connection with such protest. Within a reasonable time after the presentation of such further evi- dence, the Administrator may notice such protest for hearing of oral testi- mony in accordance with paragraph (a) (2) of this section, notice the protest for earing of oral argument by a board of review in accordance with paragraph (a) (3) of this section, include additional material in the record of the proceed- ings on the protest in accordance with § 300.37, or take such other action as may be appropriate to the disposition of the protest. (b) Notice of any such action taken by the Administrator shall promptly be served upon the protestant. (c) Where the Administrator has ordered a hearing on a protest or has provided an opportunity for the presen- tation of further evidence in connection therewith, he shall, within a reasonable time after the completion of such hear- ing or the presentation of such evidence, grant or deny such protest in whole or in part. § 300.31 Basis for determination of protest—(a) Record of the proceedings. The factual basis upon which a protest is determined is to be found in the rec- ord of the proceedings. This record con- sists of the following: (1) The protest and supporting evi- dential material properly filed with the Administrator, in accordance with §§ 300.32 and 300.33; (2) Materials incorporated into the record of the proceedings by the Admin- istrator under §§ 300.37 and 300.38; (3) Oral testimony taken in the course of the proceedings in accordance with §§ 300.34 and 300.39; (4) All orders and opinions issued in the course of the proceedings; (5) The statement of considerations accompanying the regulation or order protested; and (6) If the protest is to an order deny- ing an application for adjustment under ‘a provision of a ceiling pricé regulation, the application, materials filed in sup- port thereof in accordance with the pro- visions of the ceiling price regulation, and the order and opinion denying the application. (b) Facts of which the Administrator has taken official notice. The record of the proceedings may also include statements of economic data and other facts of which the Administrator has taken official notice under section 407 (b) of the act, including facts found by ,him as a result of reports filed and stud- ies and investigations made pursuant to accordance with this subpart, but in no | section 705 of the act. January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW (c) Briefs and _arguments. Briefs and oral arguments submitted or pre- sented in accordance with this subpart, are, of course, considered in the deter- mination of a protest. They are, how- ever, not a part of the record of the pro- ceedings and are not included in the transcript of protest proceedings which is filed, in cgse of appeal, with the Emer- gency Court of Appeals. CONTENTS OF PROTESTS AND SUPPORTING MATERIALS § 300.32 Contents of protesis—(a) What each protest must contain. Every protest shall set forth the following: () The name and the post office aq- dress of the protestant, the nature of his business, and the manner in which the protestant is subject to the provision of the regulation or order being protested; (2) The name and post office address of any person filing the protest on behalf of the protestant and the name and post office address of the person to whom all communications fram the Administrator relating to the protest shall be sent: (3) A complete identification of the provision or provisions protested, citing the number of the ceiling price regula- tion or otherwise identifying any other regulation or order being protested, and further citing the date of issuance of such regulation or order and the section or sections thereof to which objection is made; (4) Where the protest is filed more than six (6) months after the effective date of a regulation or order, based on new grounds arising after such effective date, the delayed protest shall be justi- fied as provised in § 300.23 fades ey (5) A clear and concise s' ent o ees all objections raised by the protestant of the facts alleged in his protest. Such against the provision or provisions pro- tested, each such objection to be sepa- Tately stated and numbered; (6) A clear and concise statement of all facts alleged in support of each ob- jection; (7) Astatement of the relief requested by the protestant, including, if the prot- estans requests modification of a provi- sion of the regulation or order, the specific changes which he seeks to have made in the provision; (8)_A statement signed and sworn to}, (njication shall set forth the basis for (or affirmed) before an officer authorized |—1ch request as provided in § 300.34 (a). to take oaths either by the protestant} Where the application calls for the pro- personally, or, if a partnership, bY @/auction of documents, it shall specify partner, or, if a corporation or associa- = = tion, by a duly authorized officer, that/_nobie them to be identified for pur- protest and the documents filed of production. the ‘therewith are prepared in good faith Z d ; thi §. 300.34 Receipt of oral testimony. and that the facts alleged are true to the & re 2 era erutest ‘best information and Be Cena ten shall specify jproceedings will be necrivel only awe = ‘acts to|ten form. However, the protestant may Rblce ofthe f ae request the receipt of oral testimony. a ca'yy ee ea eee ideration @ |sho' y the p Hace of ean A protestant pee filing of affidavits or other written evi- wishes his protest considered by a board |Gence will not permit the fair and expe- of review must specifically so request, |ditious disposition of the protest. indicating, if he wishes to offer oral} (b) In the event that the Administra- argument, the order of his preference as |tor orders the receipt of oral testimony, to (1} argument before a board of re- jnotice shall be served on the protestant view in Washington, D. C.; (2) argument jnot less than five (5) days prior to the before 2 subcommittee consisting of one jreceipt of such testimony. If a hearing considerations which will be determina- tive in the decision as to where oral ar- gument may be heard. The request for consideration by a board of review must be made either in the protest or in an amendment thereto filed within fifteen (15) days of the date the protest is filed. Such an amendment shall be deemed filed within the fifteen (15) day period if it is received by the Economic provisions with respect to proceedings before a board of review are to be found in §§ 300.40 to 300.47, inclusive. § 300.33. Affidavits or other written evidence in support of protest. Every protestant shall file, together with his Protest, the following: _ (a) Affidavits and any other written evidence, setting forth in full all the evi- dence the presentation of which is sub- ject to the control of the protestant upon which the protestant relies in sup- rt of the facts alleged in the protest. Hach such affidavit shall state the name; post office address, and occupation of he affiant; his business connection, if ny, with the protestant; and whether he facts set forth in the affidavit are tated from personal knowledge or on information and belief. Im every in- stance the affiant shall state in detail the ources of his information. (b) A statement by the protestant in affidavit form setting forth in detail tne mature and sources of any further evi- rotestant’s control, showing, in any case, what material facts would be ad- duced thereby. Such application, if lling for the evidence of persons, shall specify the name and address of each person, and the facts to be member of a board at a location named by him. Section 300.42 sets forth the Stabilization Administrator, Washing— ton 25, D. C., no later than the fifteenth: day after the protest was filed. Further- 89 is to be held to receive the testimony, the notice shali state the time and place of the hearing and the presiding officer designated by the Administrator. (c) A stenographic report of any hearing of oral testimony shall be made, a@ copy of which shall be available dur- ing business hours in the office of the Economic Stabilization Administrator, Washington 25, D. C. Protestants who wish a copy of the report may obiain it by requesting the reporter at the hearing to make a copy for them and paying the cost thereof. § 300.35 Submission of brief by prot- estant. The protestant may file with his protest and accompanying evidential material a brief in support of the objec- tions set forth in the protest. Such brief shall be submitted as a separate document, distinct from the protest and evidential material MATERIAL IN SUPPORT OF THE REGULATION PROTESTED § 300.36 Statements of considerations. ‘The statement of considerations accom- panying a ceiling price regulation at the time of issuance contains economic and other material supporting the regula- tion. This statement, a copy of which ican be obtained from the Administrator, is 2 document of public record, filed with the Division of the Federal Register. It is considered a part of the record of pro- test proceedings without formal incorpo- ration therein. § 300.37 Incorporation of material in the record by the Administrator. In ad- dition to the statement of considerations, the Administrator shall include in the record of the proceedings on the protest such evidence, in the form of affidavits or otherwise, as he deems appropriate in support of the provisions against which the protest is filed. When such evidence is incorporated into the record, and is mot so incorporated at a hearing of oral testimony, copies thereof shall be served upon the protestant, and the protestant will be given a reasonable opportunity present evidence in rebuttal thereof. § 300.38 Other written evidence in support of the ceiling price regulation. (a) Any person affected by the provi- sions of a ceiling price regulation may at any time after the issuance of such tion submit to the Administra- tor a statement in support of any such Vision or provisions. Such statement shall include the name and post office address of such person, the nature of his business, and the manner in which such person is affected by the ceiling price regulation in question, and may be ac- companied by affidavits and other data in written form. Each such supporting statement shall conform to the require- ments of § 300.24. (b) In the event that a protest has rated into the record, and is not so in- eorporated at a hearing of oral testi- 90 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 1 § 300.42 Where boards of review hear|Unexcused failure to appear at a hearing ment shall be served upon the protestant,|oral argument. A board of review con-Jof oral argument shall be noted on the and the protestant shall be given a rea-|sisting of more than one member will or-|record of proceedings. A waiver by less sonable opportunity to present evidence|dinarily hear oral argument at the office]than all of a group of joint protestants in rebuttal thereof. of the Economic Stabiteation pers shall not affect the rights of a protestant $300.39 Receipt of oral testimony in| T2%0r,, Washington, D. C., and only intwho has made no waiver. f exceptional cases and for good cause [i support of the regulation. Ordinarily, d hold § 300.45 Hearing of oral argument. niaterintbintsnpparkintithercel price shown will the full board hold hearings (a) Argument before a board of review regulation protested, like material in|ons member mes hear argument at am{bY @ Protestant shall ordinarily be lim- support of protests, will be received in) i ited to one hour except for good cause designated place. Where the protestant the protest proceeding only in written|},; requested that oral argument be}/Shown. Where the magnitude of the is- form. Where, however, the Administra-|heard at some other place than Wash-|SUeS involved warrants more extended tor is satisfied that the receipt of orallington D. C., and where the board eon-fdiscussion, or where the protestants are testimony is necessary to the fair and}.ists; of more than one member. a sub-}Rumerous, the board may extend or limit expeditious disposition of the protest, he).ommittee thereof may be designated|the time of each protestant in its dis- may, on his own motion, direct sucht hear argument at the place requested|cretion. A board may exclude specific testimony to be received. In that event); at some other convenient place. argument deemed to be irrelevant to the the oral testimony will be taken in the ; ; 5 objections set forth in the protest or un- manner provided in § 300.34. § 300.43 Notice of consideration by a|supported by any evidence in the record. board of review. Before denial of any/Hearings of argument will be open to BOARDS OF REVIEW protest in whole or in part in which the]the public. Where argument is to be § 300.40 Right to consideration by ajprotestant has requested consideration|heard by a board of review consisting of board of review. Under section 407 (c) |by # board of review in accordance with|more than one member, a majority of of the act, any properly filed protest}§ 300.32 (b) which has not subsequently|such board shall constitute a quorum for must, upon the protestant’s request, be|/been waived by the protestant, notice of|the purpose of hearing argument. Pres- considered by a board of review before|consideration by a board of review will belentation of oral argument may be ac- it can be denied in whole or in part.|sent by registered mail to the protestant.|companied by submission of a brief. Consideration of the record in a protest}Sending of notice marks a close of the (b) A stenographic report of all hear- proceeding by a board of review is under-jrecord of the evidence in a protest pro- ings of oral argument by boards of taken for the purpose of reconsidering|ceeding. The notice will indicate the|- view or subcommittees thereof shall be the provision or provisions of the ceiling }issues thought to be determinative of thelij.an ‘The report will be transcribed at price regulation, or other regulation orjcase which may serve as a guide to the the direction of the board if a transcrip- order, protested and recommending ac- {protestant in planning oral argument. |tion is desired to facilitate consideration tion relative thereto to the Adminis-|The notice of consideration shall con-|\¢ ine protest. The report will ordi- trator. A board of review considers the|tain, or be accompanied by, the following], arity be transcribed if the argument is ‘Protest upon the basis of the recordjitems, as nearly as the circumstancesh ard by a subcommittee of a board. If which has been developed in the pro-|Permit: ; the report is transcribed, a copy shall be ceedings. Protestant is accorded an op-| (a) Information identifying the pro-|,—aiable for inspection during business portunity to present oral argument to a |test, including the ceiling price regula- Mony, copies of such supporting state- (b) A list of the documents compris-|2: ©: Protestants who wish a copy of: planatory statement of the issues in the|ing the completed record of the proceed- ae era RO neeine Gn Les notice of consideration by a board of jing; copy for them and paying the cost review. Section 300.31 explains the} (c) A brief statement of the issues in- theres? nature of the record in the proceedings. |volved; . . : Section 300.32 (b) explains the nature of| (d) A statement of the time (whichj § 300.46 Action by boards of review such a request and states the time within|shall not be less than seven (7) days|at the conclusion of their consideration which it must be filed. from the date of the mae tee the of ‘: Re Sear a reasonable sme 3 notice) and place where a board of re. jaiter the hea of oral argument or Say eee a view or a subcommittee thereof will hear|after the closing of the record, if such anevonmoreloiicersion employees of the oral argument. argument has been waived, a board of Economic Stabilization Agency desig-j, ‘€) A list of persons comprising the ee auet tae te eco nated by the Administrator to review board of review which is thereby ap- tn ais iti aes test. The the record of the proceedings on a par-|Pointed_to consider the protest, with 8 ea atigne "ot a Rea ticular protest and make recommenda- tions to him as to its disposition. The number of members constituting a board will be determined in the light of the scope and complexity of the issues pre- sented. When a board consists of more. than one member, ordinarily at least one member shall be selected who has been directly responsible for the for- mulation or administration of the ceil- ing price regulation protested. The protestant will be advised of the mem- bership of a board considering his pro-. test, and, if the board consists of more, than one member, of the member se- lected to preside, in the notice of con- sideration by a board provided for in § 300.43. When necessitated by inca- Pacity of a member or other good cause, the Administrator may make substitu- tions in the membership of the board as originally constituted. person. disagreement of any member with the ; ‘ recommendations shall be expressly § 300.44 Waiver of right to consider-| noted. A board of review shall have ation in whole or in part. A protestant| authority to recommend to the Adminis- who has properly requested considera-|trator that the protest be granted or tion by a board of review in accordance} genied in whole or in part. If it is the with § 300.32 (b) may, if he so desires,]opinion of the board that the record waive his right to consideration by 8lin the proceeding should be expanded, board. If he chooses, he may have his!it may refer the record of the proceed- protest considered by a board, waiving|ing to the Administrator in order that his right to oral argument before althe Administrator may consider permit- board. Such waiver shall be in writing] ting the amendment of the protest or and shall constitute a part of the record] the receipt of additional evidence. Rec- of proceedings on the protest. Failure of! ors will, however, be reopened only in @ protestant to appear at a hearing of very exceptional circumstances and oral argument, which he has not waived hi the Wire ts of § 300.29 can in accordance with the foregoing, at the| V2°Te req SC i time and place specified in the notice of be met. consideration, shall, unless a reasonable] § 300.47 Action by Administrator excuse is shown, also constitute waiver] after receipt of board of review’s recom- of his right to consideration by a board] mendations. After receipt of a board January 1951 of review’s recommendations: as to tne disposition of the protest, the Adminis- trator shall, within a reasonable time, grant or deny the protest in whole or in part, DETERMINATION OF PROTEST § 300.48 Order granting protest in whole. Where the Administrator grants a protest in whole, a copy of the order shall be sent to the protestant by regis- tered mail. If the protest has been con- sidered by » board of review, the prot- estant will be advised of the recom- mendations of the board in an appendix to the Administrator’s order. § 300.49 Opinion denying protest in whole or in part. In the event that the Administrator denies any protest in whole or in part, a copy of the Adminis- trator’s opinion shall be sent to the protestant by registered mail. In such opinion the protestant shall be informed of any economic data or other facts of which the Administrator has taken offi- cial notice, the grounds upon which such decision is based, and (if the protest has been considered by a board of review) the recommendations of a board of re- view and, if any recommendation of such a board has been rejected, the reason for rejection. 1 § 300.50 Treatment of protest as peti- tion for amendment or an application for adjustment. Any protest filed against a@ provision of a ceiling price regulation, or other regulation or order, may, in the discretion of the Administrator, be treated not only as a protest but also as a@ petition for amendment of the regu- lation or order protested or as an appli- cation for adjustment pursuant thereto, when the facts produced in connection with the protest justify such treatment. § 300.51 Petitions for reconsideration. An order denying a protest may include leave to file a petition for reconsideration within a specified period. If the order of denial does include leave to file a petition for reconsideration, the filing of such a petition within the time pro- vided shall automatically vacate the order of denial and reopen the protest proceeding. SUBPART F—INTERPRETATIONS § 300.52 Who may render official in- terpretations, and the effect thereof. (a) Action taken in reliance upon and in conformity with an official interpreta- tion of a provision of any regulation or order relating to price controls, and prior to any revocation or modification of such interpretation or to any superseding thereof by regulation, order or amend- ment, shall constitute action in good faith pursuant to the provision of the regulation or order to which such official interpretation relates. (b) Interpretations of regulations or orders relating to price controls will be regarded by the Economic Stabilization Agency as official only where issued by the Administrator, and shall be given only in writing. An official interpreta- tion shall be applicable only with respect to the particular person to whom, and to the particular factual situation with re- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW spect to which, it is rendered, unless pub- licly announced as an interpretation of general application. § 300.53 Requests for interpretations: form and contents. Any person desiring an official interpretation of a regulation or order relating to price controls shall request it in writing from the Adminis- trator. Such request shall set forth in full the factual situation out of which the interpretative question arises and shall, so far as is practicable, state the names and post office addresses of the persons involved. If the interpretation will affect operations of establishments located in more than one state, the re- quest shall name the states in which the establishments are located. No in- terpretation shall be requested or given with respect to any hypothetical situa- tion or in response to any hypothetical question. § 300.54 Revocation or modification of interpretation. Any official interpre- tation of a regulation or order relating to price controls may be revoked or modi- fied by publicly announced statement by the Administrator, or by a statement or notice by the Administrator published in the FEDERAL REGISTER. An official inter- pretation addressed to a particular per- son may also be revoked or modified at any time by a statement in writing mailed to such person and signed by the Administrator, SvuBPART G—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS § 300.55 Witness fees. Witnesses summoned to give testimony shall be paid the fees and mileage specified by section 705 (c) of the act. Witness fees and mileage shall be paid by the person at whose instance the witness appears. § 300.56 Contemptuous conduct. Contemptuous conduct at any hearing shall be ground for exclusion from the hearing. § 300.57 Continuance or adjournment of hearings. Any hearing may be con- tinued or adjourned to a later date or a different place by announcement at the hearing by the person who presides. § 300.58 Subpenas. Subpenas may require the production of documents or the attendance of witnesses at any des- ignated place. Service of a subpena upon a person named therein shall be made by delivering a copy thereof to ‘such person or leaving. a copy at his regular place of business or abode and by tendering to him the fees and mileage specified in section 705 (c) of the act. When the subpena is issued at the in- stance of the Administrator, fees and mileage need not be tendered. Any per- son 18 years of age or Over may serve a subpena. The person making the service shall make an affidavit thereof describing the manner in which service is made, and return such affidavit on or with the original subpena forthwith to the Administrator. In case of failure to make service, the reasons for the failure Sh § 300.59 Service of papers. Notices, orders, and other process and papers may be served personally or by leaving a copy thereof at the principal office or place of business of the person to be served; or by registered mail, or by tele- graph. When service is made person- ally or by leaving a copy at the principal office or place of business, the verified return of the person serving or leaving the copy shall be proof of service. When service is by registered mail or telegraph, the return post office receipt or telegraph receipt shall be proof of service. Where the protestant has filed a power of at- torney authorizing any other person to represent him, as provided in § 300.22, service upon such representative shall be deemed service upon the protestant. § 300.60 Office hours. The office of the Economic Stabilization Administra- tor, Washington, D. C., shall be open on week days, from 8:30 a. m. until 5:00 p. m. Any person desiring to file any papers, or to inspect any documents filed _ with the Administrator at any time other than the regular office hours stated, may file a written application with the Administrator requesting per- mission therefor. § 300.61 Confidential information; in- spection of documents filed with the Administrator. Information obtained under section 705 of the act, which the Administrator deems confidential or with reference to which a request for confidential treatment ‘is made by the person furnishing such information, shall not be published or disclosed un- less the Administrator determines that the withholding thereof is contrary to the interest of the national defense: Provided, however, That all protests and orders and opinions in connection there- with are open to inspection in the office of the Administrator, upon such reason- able conditions as he may prescribe. In- formation submitted in a protest pro- ceeding with a request for confidential treatment, and confidential material in- corporated by the Administrator into a protest proceeding, will be treated as confidential to the extent consistent with the proper conduct of the protest pro- ceeding. In the event of a complaint being filed in the Emergency Court of Appeals, such information and such ma- terial will be included in the transcript of the protest proceeding to the extent that it is material under the complaint. All letters denying petitions for amend- ment and all orders and opinions grant- ing or denying in whole or in part any application for adjustment are open to inspection in the office of the Adminis- trator, upon such reasonable conditions as he may prescribe. To the extent that this section provides for the disclosure of confidential information, it shall be deemed a gcternraten. by the Admin- istrator, plrsuant to section 705 (e) of the Defense Production Act of 1950, that the withholding of such information is contrary to the interest of the national should be stated on the original subpena. |defense. 92 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 1S, how § 300.62 Definitions. As used in this| foregoing, and includes the United|'action or proceedings related to price part, unless the context otherwise re-| States or any agency thereof, or quires, the term: other government or any of its politic: control. § 300.65 Amendment of this part. (a) “Act” means the Defense Produc-| subdivisions, or any agency of any Of/Any provision of this part may be tion Act of 1950 (Pub. Law 774, 81st] the foregoing. Cong.) (b) “FepERAL REGISTER’ means the publication provided for by the Act of July 26, 1935 (49 Stat. 500), as amended. (ec) “Ceiling price regulation” means any regulation or order establishing a ceiling on prices. (d) “Person” includes an individual, corporation, partnership, association, or any other organized group of persons, or legal successor or representative of the WAGE PROCEDURAL REGULATION ISSUED: (e) “Protestant” means a person sub- a art Seager ore isi f egulation or|Or revocation sha e pu e provision, ofjexreet FEDERAL REGISTER and shall take effect ject to any order relating to price controls, who files’ a protest in accordance with section 407 (a) of the act. amended or revoked by the Adminis- trator at any time. Such amendment upon the date of its publication, unless otherwise specified therein. This Price Procedural Regulation 1 «f) “Price hearing” means any for-| (Part 300) shall become effective on mal or informal opportunity to present|December 18, 1950. evidence which may be ordered by the ALAN VALENTINE, Administrator in connection with any|Economic Stabilization Administrator. KHHHE The Economic Stabilization Agency on De— cember 27, 1950, issued Wage Procedural Regulation No. 1, following its first wage regulation order freezing wages in the passenger automobile-manufacturing industry until next March 1. This order delineates the procedures by which interested parties, either com— pany managements, employees, or labor union officials, may file petitions regarding wage stabilization regulations, and the steps toward reaching a decision on each such petition. Any petjtion filed with the Agency, the order says, must contain full infor— mation on the justification for any proposed wage increase in terms of wages or rates, whether or not the wage raise is subject to collective bargaining procedures in the particular plant, the name of the union involved, and what steps have led up to the formal increase request. The order also says that if the wage raise is to be made the basis for an application for increase in the ceiling price of the product manufactured by the company, such application is to be filed within the next 15 days. The full text of the order follows: TITLE 32A—NATIONAL DEFENSE, APPENDIX Chapter Il—Economic Stabilization Agency [Wage Procedural Reg. 1} Part 500—WaGE PROCEDURAL REGULATION Pursuant to the Defense Production Act of 1950 (Pub. Law 774, 81st Cong.) and Executive Order 10161 (15 F. R. 6105), the following part is issued gov- erning the filing, consideration and dis- position of petitions for relief with re- gard to wage stabilization regulations (in the formulation of the following part special circumstances have rendered impracticable consultation with labor or- ganizations, industry representatives, as- sociations or others affected by this part) : Sec. 500.1 Definitions. 500.2 Filing of petition for relief. 500.3. Service upon other interested parties. 500.4 Filing of responsive statement by other interested parties. 500.5 500.6 Contents of petition. Consideration of petition by Admin- istrator. Oral hearings. Disposition of petition by Adminis- trator. Application for reconsideration or clarification. Service of papers. 500.11 Subpoenas. 500.12 Official interpretations. AUTHORITY: §§ 500.1 to 500.12 issued under sec. 704, Pub. Law 774, 81st Cong. Interpret or apply Title IV, Pub. Law 774, 81st Cong., E. O. 10161, September 9, 1950, 15 F. R. 6105. § 500.1 Definitions. As used §§ 500.1 to 500.12, inclusive, the term: (a) “Act” means the Defense Produc- tion Act of 1950 (Public Law 774, 81st 500.7 500.8 500.9 500.10 in Cong.) . (b) “Administrator” means the Eco- nomic Stabilization Administrator, Washington 25, D. C. (c) “Wage regulation’”’ means any regulation or order stabilizing wages, sal- aries, and other compensation, issued pursuant to the Act. (d) “Interested party” means an em- ployer, union, employee or group of em- Ployees not represented by a union, in the employment relationship which is. the subject matter of the petition. (e) “Petitioner” means the interested party or parties who file a petition. § 500.2 Filing of petition for relief. Any interested party who is directly sub- ject to a wage regulation may file a peti- tion requesting the Administrator to take any action relating to such regulation. Five copies of such petition and of all accompanying documents shall be filed. § 500.3 Service upon other interested parties. At the time a petition is filed under § 500.2, the petitioner shall also serve a copy of such petition upon all other interested parties. $500.4 Filing of responsive statement by other interested parties. Within twenty days from the date on which a copy of such petition was served upon him, each other interested party may, if he so desires,-file with the Adminis- trator a responsive statement, together with all available supporting material. Such filing shall be in five copies. In the event the Administrator determines January 1951 that the case requires earlier disposition, because of special circumstances, he may direct the earlier filing of responsive statements. The party filing a respon- Sive statement shall serve a copy of] such statement and of the supporting material upon the petitioner and any other interested party. § 500.5 Contents of petition. petition must state the following: (a) The name and address of the em- ployer and a summary description of the enterprise and industry involved. (b) The identification of the wage reg- ulation, and the provisions thereof and of the act which are involved. | (c) The nature of and basis for the Each action requested, with all available sup-} Where approval of aj, porting material. wage adjustment is requested, the peti- tion shall contain a detailed description of the proposed increase in rates of wages, salaries, or other compensation, including its relation to the present structure of such rates, and the reasons why approval of the proposed adjust- ment would be appropriate under the terms of the applicable wage regulation and the act. (d) The petition shall state whether the proposed wage adjustment is to be made the basis for an application for adjustment of ceiling prices. If it is, such application for adjustment of ceil- ing prices shall be filed with the Admin- istrator within fifteen days. (e) If there is a duly certified collec- tive bargaining representative in the plant, the petition shall state the name and address of such representative, and that of its parent organization, if any. The petition shall also state whether the matter involved therein is the subject of collective bargaining and, if so, a de- scription of the steps taken up to the time of filing, including procedures pro- vided in the collective bargaining agree-|, ment and conciliation and mediation ac- tion established by law. (f) The petition shall further state the names and addresses of other interested parties on whom it was served, and the date of such service, and proof of service shall be attached. § 500.6 Consideration of petition by Administrator. Unless an oral hearing is requested and granted, the Adminis- trator shall dispose of the petition on the basis of the statements contained therein and in any responsive statement filed by other interested parties, together with any supporting material which may have been filed, and on the further basis of such economic data and other facts of which the Administrator may have taken official notice under section 407 (b) of the act. § 500.7 Oral hearings. (a) Where an oral hearing is requested, the Adminis- trator shall grant such request unless he COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ‘determines that the petition may be dis- posed of adequately and with full pro- ‘tection to the rights of the parties with- 'out oral hearing. (b) In the event an oral hearing is ' granted, the interested parties shall be notified at least fifteen days in advance of the date and place of such oral hear- ing. The notice may, in the discretion ‘of the Administrator, state the issues. The parties shall submit to the Admin- listrator, not less than five days prior to the hearing, five copies of any addi- tional statement that they wish to make, and shall at the same time serve copies .of such statement upon all other inter- xsted parties. (c) At any such hearing, the Admin- istrator shall grant the interested parties ‘to be adequately represented at every | stage of the hearing, to present any ma- terial evidence, to rebut the evidence | offered by the other parties, and to pre- sent to the Administrator oral or writ- ten argument on the issues. ministrator may, on his own initiative, call witnesses and introduce documen- tary or other evidence and may partici- pate in the examination of the witnesses. (d) A stenographic report of the oral! hearing shaJl be made. shall be available to the public during business hours at the office of the Ad- ministrator. § 500.8 Disposition of petition by Ad- ministrator. The Administrator -shall grant or deny the petition in whole or in part, or otherwise dispose of the case, ‘upon such terms and conditions as he may deem proper to effectuate the pur- poses of the act. He shall notify the in- terested parties in writing of his ruling and shall render an opinion if he deems it appropriate. § 500.9 Application for reconsidera- tion or clarification. Within fourteen days after the date of issuance of a rul- ing, any party thereto may file with the Administrator, application for reconsideration or clari- ‘fication, setting forth in full the reasons \therefor. A copy of such applica- tion shall be served on all other inter- ested parties. The Administrator shall grant or deny the application on the basis of the entire record in the case. If the application is granted, the case will be reconsidered and such disposi- tion made or further proceedings ordered therein as the Administrator may deter- mine. § 500.10 Service of papers. Papers may be served personally or by leaving a copy thereof at the principal office or place of business of the person to be served; or by registered mail, or by tele- graph. In addition, service upon a group of employees not represented by a union The Ad-| A copy thereof | in five copies, an} 93 may be made by posting copies of the pa- per in appropriate places. When service is made personally or by leaving a copy at the principal office or place of business or y posting in appropriate places, the veri- fied return of the person making such service shall be proof of service. When service is by registered mail or by tele- graph, the return post office receipt or telegraph receipt shall be proof of service. § 500.11 Subpenas. Subpenas may require the production of documents or he attendance of witnesses at any des- ignated place. Service of a subpena upon a person named therein shall be made by delivering a copy thereof to such person or leaving a copy at his regular place of business or abode and act. When the subpena is issued at the instance of the Administrator, fees and Mileage need not be tendered. Any person eighteen years of age or over may serve a subpena. The person making the service shall make an affidavit there- of describing the manner in which service is made, and return such affi- davit on or with the original subpena forthwith to the Administrator. In case of failure to make service, the rea- sons for the failure should be stated on the original subpena. § 500.12 Official interpretations. Ac- tion taken in reliance upon and in con- formity with an officiai-interpretation of a@ provision of any wage regulation, and prior to any revocation or modification of such interpretation or to any super- seding thereof by regulation, order or amendment, shall constitute action in good faith pursuant to the provision of the regulation to which such Official in- terpretation relates. Interpretations of wage regulations will be regarded as of- \ficial only where issued by the Admin- jistrator, and shall be given only in writ- ing. An official interpretation shall be applicable only with respect to the in- terested parties to whom, and to the par- ticular factual situation with respect to which, it is rendered, unless publicly announced as an interpretation of gen- eral application. Any official interpre- tation of a wage regulation may be re- voked or modified by publicly announced statement by the Administrator, or by a statement or notice by the Administrator Published in the FeperaL Recister. An official interpretation addressed to a par- ticular person may also be revoked or modified at any time by a statement in writing mailed to such person and signed by the Administrator. This Wage Procedural Regulation No. 1 shall become effective December 22, 1950. ; ALAN VALENTINE, Economic Stabilization Administrator. 9h COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, Noe 1 Department of the Interior NEW INTERNATIONAL DIVISION ESTABLISHED: The establishment of the Division of International Activities in the Department of the Interior under the President's Reorganization Plan No. 3, and the appointment of Joseph C. McCaskill as its di- rector, was announced by the Secretary of the Interior on December 6. The new division will coordinate the international programs of the various bureaus and offices of the Department and will serve as Interior's liaison office on foreign affairs matters with the Department of State, other United States Gov— ernment agencies, the United Nations, and other international organizations and agencies. The Division will be responsible for the consideration of possible foreign impact of all proposed major domestic policies and programs of the Department, in consultation with the Department of State, and will review legislative proposals involving the Department to determine their impact on foreign affairs. As part of its responsibilities, the new Division will prescribe procedures for the conduct of international activities by the Department's bureaus and offices, assure fulfillment .of international commitments, and supervise participation by Interior representatives on committees dealing with foreign affairs. HHH EE DEFENSE FISHERIES ADMINISTRATIONL/ ESTABLISHED: A Defense Fisheries Admin- istration is one of four new defense agencies established on October 4 within the Department of the Interior to carry out functions vested in the Secretary of the Interior under the Defense Production Act of 1950. The newly established agencies are the Defense Fisheries Administration, the Defense Minerals Administration, the Defense Power Administration, and the Defense Solid Fuels Administration. Bach of the new agencies is to be headed by an Administrator appointed byand reporting directly to the Secretary of the Interior. A fifth agency—the Petroleum Administration for Defense—was formally estab-— lished October 3, 1950. On December 5, the Secretary of the Interior announced the appointment of Albert M. Day (Director of the Department's Fish and Wildlife Service) as Adminis— trator of the Defense Fisheries Administration. The full text of Interior Order No. 2605 establishing these new agencies follows: DEFENSE ADMINISTRATIONS FOR MINERALS,| the Interior pursuant to Executive Order} Fisheries Administration. Each of the PowER, SOLID FUELS, AND FISHERIES 10161 (15 F. R. 6105) with respect to} defense administrations shall be headed . metals and minerals, electric power,# by an Administrator who shall be ap- poset zt P surpose- «The wpurpese, oF _solid fuels, and fishery commodities. pointed by the Secretary of the Interior Minerals Administration, the Defense} Sec. 2. Establishment of administra-{ 804 who shall report and be responsible Power Administration, the Defense Solid| tions. There are established a Defense uf ye Fuels Administration, and the Defense| Minerals Administration, a Defense Sec. 3. Delegation of authority. Ex- Fisheries Administration, to carry out|) Power Administration, a Defense Solid} cept as provided in section 4 of this the functions vestéd in the Secretary of || Fuels Administration, and a Defense} order, and except as the Secretary of the J/ALSO SEE PP. 26-8 OF THIS ISSUE. January 1951 Interior may otherwise provide, all of the functions and powers vested in the Secretary of the Interior by Executive Order 10161 and by subdelegations made to him under that order by appropriate officers of the Government may be per- formed and exercised by: (a) The Administrator of the Defense Minerals Administration in so far as these functions and powers relate to metals and minerals, (b) The Administrator of the Defense Power Administration in so far as these functions and powers relate to electric power, (c) The Administrator of the Defense Solid Fuels Administration in so far as these functions and powers relate to solid fuels, and (d) The Administrator of the Defense Fisheries Administration in so far as these functions and powers relate to fishery commodities. Sec. 4. Limitations. With respect to the defense administrations established by this order, the Secretary of the In- terior reserves to himself: (a) The approval of any redelegation by an Administrator of any of the powers COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW delegated to him by the Secretary of the - Interior; (b) The creation of advisory commit- tees, and the establishment of policies respecting the composition, appointment of membe~s and operation of such com- mittec 3 (c) The exercise of the powers and the performance of the functions respecting ‘voluntary agreements and programs delegated to the Secretary of the Interior by section 701 (b) of Executive Order 10161; (d) The exercise of the powers and the performance of the functions re- specting the guarantee of loans and the certification of loans, purchases, and commitments delegated to the Secretary of the Interior by Part III of Executive Order 10161; (e) The employment of persons under section 710 of the Defense Production Act of 1950 and the obtaining of exemp- tions under that section; (f{) Therequisitioning of property; (g) The making of recommendations with respect to necessity certificates in regard to amortization; (h) The approval of all industry | 95 orders, and amendments, which the Administrators formulate; G) The approval of major policy or Program actions which the Adminis- trators propose to take; (j) The maintenance of all inter- agency refitiohships with respect to matters which are common to the areas of responsibility covered by the défense administrations, including representa- tion on the policy level with the National Security Resources Board, the Natfnal Production Authority, the Executive Of- fice of the President,-and other major agencies concerned with defense produc- tion, and the Congress; and (xk) The establishment of general ‘policies and procedures respecting. the exercise of poweys and the performance of functions vested in the Secretary of the Interior by or under Executive Order 10161 and matters of internal adminis- tration. ; (Sec. 902, E. O. 10161; 15 F. R. 6105, 6107) Oscar L. CHAPMAN, Secretary of the Interior. DECEMBER 4, 1950. DEFENSE FISHERIES ADMINISTRATION BRANCH OF MATERIAL FACILITIES ESTABLISHED AND CHIEF NAMED: A Branch of Ma— terial Facilities has been established under the Defense Fisheries Administration, according to a January 5 announcement by Administrator Albert M. Day. This new Branch will be concerned with determining the requirements for materials necessary to maintain fish production and to pass on the applications for the materials that will be made available to the Defense Fisheries Administration. At the same time Edward A. Power has been named by the Administrator as Chief of the Branch of Material Facilities. He has been Chief of the Statistical Section of the Service's Branch of Commerical Fisheries since 1938. His employment with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service dates from 1928 when, prior to his graduation from the University of Washington's School of Fisheries, he was employed inAlaska by the Branch of Alaska Fisheries. Power served in a somewhat similar capacity in World War II when he was de- tailed from the Fish and Wildlife Service to the Office of the Coordinator of Fish- eries in Washington, D. C., to assist in handling priorities and materials equip- ment requirements for the fishing industry. Ke K METHODS TO BE USED BY FISHERY INDUSTRIES TO GET SCARCE MATERIALS: The re- cently—-established Defense Fisheries Administration is being deluged with requests from commercial fishermen and processors for a blanket priority rating to apply to orders for supplies and equipment which they require to conduct their business, according to a December 29 statement by Administrator Albert M. Day. To clarify the situation, Administrator Day has described the procedure now in effect and outlined the steps that commercial fishery interests can take to ob- tain materials now in short supply. 96 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, Now 1 The present NPA policy does not provide for nor require priority ratings on normal civilian orders, emphasized Day. "It is true that construction of certain non-essential facilities is prohibited, the use of certain materials is restricted as to end use or to varying percentages of a base period, and there is no doubt that additional restrictions will be instituted. In general, however, and except for a few sepcific directives, it is the present policy of NPA that rearmament orders only shall be given "DO" (Defense Order) ratings and that the remaining supplies shall be distributed as equitably as possible through normal channels among their usual customers for all permitted uses." To accomplish this NPA has limited the percentage of rated orders that manu— facturers must accept and is attempting to distribute this load as evenly as pos— sible so that the bulk of supplies shall flow through normal channels with no rat— ings asked or given. To help fishermen or fish processors to get needed materials, the following suggestions are offered: 1. Familiarize eens pekde NPA regulatory orders to determine what controls now exist. 2- Give serious consideration to whether you can substitute a less critical and more easily available material. 3. Look for alternative suppliers who may be able to book your orders. 4e Determine whether your suppliers! refusals to book orders are based on actual incapacity or on a misunderstanding of current regulations which perhaps can be overcome with the assistance of local Depart— ment of Commerce officials. "Tf all these measures fail," declared Day, "the Defense Fisheries Adminis— tration will welcome a complete recital of the facts. This should include quant-— ity and specifications of the item, the suppliers contacted and reasons given for not accepting the order, the end-use and essentiality of the item, and the dead— line for delivery. This information will not only be valuable in keeping DFA posted as to how critical material shortages are, but is essential to any effort to obtain concrete assistance in finding a source of supply for a critical item.* FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE SERVICE EMPLOYEE DESIGNATED TO HANDLE TRADE AGREEMENT AND TARIFF MATTERS: In order to handle trade agreement and tariff matters pertaining to the Fish and Wildlife Service's interests in connection with the recent appointment of a trade agreement representative on the Interdepartmental Trade Agreements Committee and the Committee on Reciprocity Information, the Service has designated Arthur Me Sandberg to serve as liaison between the Service's Branch of Commercial Fisheries and that of the Departmental trade agreement representative William E. S. Flory. In his new capacity, Sandberg (formerly Assistant Chief of the Branch of Com— mercial Fisheries! Educational and Market Development Section) will have charge of developing the facts on fishery tariffs, frequently through industry consultations, and presenting them to the Committees concerned, the Service announced in mid—De- cember,. 1/SEE PP. 73-7 OF THIS ISSUE. January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 97 Through his market development and statistical work in the Service for the past nine years, his recent survey of European markets for United States fishery products, and his earlier experience in the fishing industry, Sandberg is well acquainted with fishery production and marketing, and their problems. In his pre—- sent assignment, he will be attached to the Branch's Economics and Cooperative Marketing Section. NOTE: ALSO SEE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, NOVEMBER 1950, PP. 79 AND 84. KHeKH PORTS: Reports of individual receipts and allied data with respect to commercial fish are to be submitted by Alaska's primary buyers after January 1, 1951. The full text of the notice as it appeared in the December 7, 1950, issue of the Fed— eral Register follows: ALASKA; REPORTS OF INDIVIDUAL RECEIPTS AND ALLIED DATA WITH RESPECT TO COMMERCIAL FISH NOTICE OF REQUIREMENTS NOTICE 1S HEREBY GIVEN, PURSUANT TO $102.7 OF THE REGULATIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES OF ALASKA (50 CFR 102.7 (b)) THAT ON AND AFTER JANUARY 1, 1951, EACH AND EVERY INDIVIDUAL PURCHASE OR RECE!PT OF FISH OR SHELLFISH AND ALLIED DATA RELATIVE THERETO SHALL BE, FULLY AND ACCURATELY REPORTED BY THE PRIMARY BUYER, AS PROVIDED IN SECTION | AND COLUMNS 1 AND 2 OF SECTION !1, OF THE VARIOUS FISH TICK- ET FORMS OF THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WHICH FORMS MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE OFFICE OF THE REGIONAL DIRECTOR, JUNEAU, ALASKA, OR LOCAL SERVICE REPRESENTATIVES. THESE REPORTS SHALL BE SUBMITTED TO THE LO- . CAL REPRESENTATIVES OF THE FISH AND WILDLIFE’SERVICE AT SUCH TIMES AS THE REGIONAL DIRECTOR MAY REQUIRE. S Department of State STATUS OF AMERICAN PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS. AND TRADE REVIEWED: The Governments participating in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, now meeting in Torquay, England, will shortly take up the question of the future administration of the Agreement. In anticipation of this discussion, the executive,agencies of the United States Government have reviewed the status of legislation affecting American par- ticipation in the General Agreement, the State Department announced on December 6, 1950. This includes the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, which is scheduled to expire on June 12, 1951, the proposals to simplify our customs laws andregulations, and the, proposed Charter for an International Trade Organization. As a result of this review, the interested agencies have recommended and the President has agreed, that while the proposed Charter for an International Trade Organization should not be resubmitted to the Congress, Congress should be asked to consider legislation which will make American participation in the General Agreement more effective. The many serious problems now facing our Congress, and the legislatures of other countries, require that we concentrate on the trade 98 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 1 programs that are most urgently needed and will most quickly produce concrete re- sults. We must, of course, continue the Trade Agreements Act. This has became a fundamental part of our foreign policy. In addition, we should continue to build upon the trade-agreements program by developing machinery for the administration of the General Agreement so as to permit it to operate more continuously and ef- fectively. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade came into force provisionally on January 1, 1948. It is the first multi-nation trade agreement concluded under the Trade Agreements Act. It is a landmark in the history of international commercial relations and represents the most constructive effort ever undertaken for the si- multaneous reduction of trade barriers among the nations of the free world. Thirty— two governments are at present parties to the Agreement and seven more are expected to join at the conclusion of the tariff negotiations now being conducted at Torquay, England. The General Agreement has achieved remarkable results, There has not, however, been any administrative machinery to permit continuing consultation among the par— ticipating countries on the problems that arise in interpreting and applying the Agreement. This has been a serious handicap, since it has been difficult tohandle matters of this kind solely through the semi-annual sessions of the participants themselves. It is important that this handicap be removed promptly if the Agree— ment is to do its full part in inereasing trade among the free nations and inelim— inating the commercial causes of international friction. To meet the need for improved organization, the United States will - suggest to the other governments concerned the creation of the necessary administrative ma— chinery, including a small permanent staff. Appropriate legislative authority for this purpose will be sought in connection with renewal of the Trade Agreements pro- gralle Before United States participation in the General Agreement can be made fully effective it will be necessary to simplify our customs laws and regulations insome respects. Certain provisions of the Agreement cannot be applied until this has been done. The Customs Simplification Bill introduced in the Congress last spring would accomplish most of the needed improvements in the customs laws. Congression-— al action in this field will again be requested in 1951. Kt Ht REPORT ON FIFTH SESSION OF GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE: Twenty— ee Oe eS and Trade, ended their Fifth Session on December 16 at Torquay, England, after acting on the most important and extensive agenda that had faced any session, ac— cording to a December 18 news release by the Department of State. (The tariff negotiations which began September 28, 1950, at Torquay and which recessed for Christmas were to resume on January 2, 1951.) The meetings of the contracting parties were held in a spirit of genuine co-— operation and good will and member countries settled several troublesome trade dis- putes, This meeting has demonstrated again the growing vitality and strength of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade as an effective and practical means for dealing with problems of mutual interest in the trade field. January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 99 The members carried out consultations, required by the agreement, with anum— ber of countries in the sterling area concerning import restrictions maintained against dollar goods and the possibility of relaxing those restrictions under pre- sent conditions, They completed the first stage of the preparatory work looking toward the establishment of a more effective machinery to administer the agreement between plenary sessions of the participating countries. Their decisions included the adoption of (1) a procedure for obtaining information needed in the detailed examination of current import and export restrictions; (2) a recommended code of standard practices for the administration of the necessary trade restrictions; and (3) procedures to enable contracting parties who are not members of the Interna— tional Monetary Fund to carry out their Agreement obligations affecting the con— trol of foreign exchange. They rejected a proposal for the amendment of the Agree— ment to include certain articles of the Havana Charter dealing with employment and economic activity. They agreed, in the light of the current international situation, to extend the time during which parties may use exceptional import controls in regard to commodities in short supply and commodities of which there are large government— owned stocks. The United States now has in effect such import controls oncertain fats and oils and on rice. The fifth session of the Contracting Parties also studied the settlement of a number of disputes arising out of complaints that the benefits of the Agreement had been nullified or impaired by the action of individual countries. Brazil agreed totake the necessary steps toward the amendment of its internal tax legis-— lation so as to eliminate certain discriminations against imported products. Aus— tralia and Chile announced the settlement of a case brought by the latter that Australia had, through discriminatory subsidy action, nullified the value of a tariff concession granted on sodium nitrate, and the United Kingdom announced that efforts were being made to find a way to eliminate discrimination against imports resulting from the British purchase tax. A Czech complaint charging that the United States violated the agreement in recently withdrawing tariff concessions on women's fur felt hats and hat bodies, under the "escape clause" (Article XIX of the Agreement) is being considered by an intersessional working party which will report to the next session. The session was also attended by observers from the International Monetary Fund, the Organization for European Economic Cooperation, the United Nations, the seven governments now negotiating for accession to the agreement (Austria, Federal Republic of Germany, Korea, Peru, Philippines, Turkey, Uruguay) and six other countries (El. Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Venezuela, Switzerland, Yugo-— slavia). In consultation between the Contracting Parties and certain countries mdin- taining import restrictions against dollar goods, representatives of the Interna- tional Monetary Fund, and of the United States, Belgium, Cuba, and Canada expressed the view that the dollar position of the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Ceylon, and Southern Rhodesia had reached the point where a beginning of progres— sive relaxation of these restrictions was possible. The representatives of these countries in the sterling area agreed that their governments would carefully con- sider these views and also the analysis presented by the International Monetary Fund. They also expressed the view that insufficient attention had been paid to the danger that the present improvement in their dollar situation might not be typical but was rather the result of abnormal temporary factors. 100 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, Now 1 The action regarding the administration of the General Agreement followed a Canadian proposal to create a standing committee to handle problems between ses— sions of the Contracting Parties. This proposal was studied and the results trans— mitted to the respective governments of the representatives for further study. In considering the problem of how to deal with parties to the agreament who have not joined the International Monetary Fund, the Contracting Parties found that all parties except New Zealand have either joined the Fund, signed a special exchange agreement, or are in process of doing one or the other. The special ex— change agreement was worked out at the third session to ensure that Contracting Parties who are not Fund members fulfill their obligations under the commercial policy principles of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in any use they may make of exchange controls or other financial measures. The session adopted an extensive questionnaire concerning import restrictions in order to enable the Contracting Parties to obtain relevant information as re- gards the policy, technique, and effect of import restrictions now being applied for balance-of—payments reasons. This information is to be submitted early in 1951 by signatory governments who maintain such restrictions and will be used in an over-all review of this problem at the next session. The questionnaire isalso designed to obtain information for a second report on the use of balance—of—pay— ments restrictions being used in discriminatory fashion under the special excep— tions provided for during the post-war transitional period. The Contracting Par— ties also decided to require the submission of statements on export controls and on import restrictions being applied for other than balance—of-—payments reasons. The code of practices for the standardization and simplification of import— export and exchange control administration which the representatives recommended to their governments includes provisions designed to simplify the problems of traders arising out of import licensing, changing regulations, exchangeallocation, and complex administrative formalities. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade came into force provisionally on January 1, 1948. It is the first multi-nation trade agreement concluded under the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, and represents the most constructive effort ever undertaken for the simultaneous reduction of trade barriers among the nations of the free world. At present, the following countries are parties to the agreement: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Burma, Canada, Ceylon, Chile, Cuba, Czechozlovakia, Denmark, the Dominican Republic, Finland, France, Greece, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Italy, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nor— way, Pakistan, Southern Rhodesia, Sweden, Syria, Union of South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The sixth session of the Contracting Parties will be held at Geneva, Switzer- land, beginning September 17, 1951. LN Se W January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 101 Eighty-first Congress (Second Session) DECEMBER 1950 The Eighty-first Congress adjourned sine die on January 2, 1951. All bills and resolutions introduced and not passed by this Congress will have to be rein- troduced in the Eighty-second Congress if they are to be considered. Listed below are public bills and resolutions introduced and referred to com- mittees, or passed by the Eighty-first Congress (Second Session) and signed by the President, that affect in any way the fisheries and allied industries. Public bills and resolutions are shown in this section only when introduced and, if passed, when they are signed by the President; and reports on any of the bills shown in this section from month to month are also listed. SIGNED BY THE PRESIDENT: -P. Le 881 (H. R. 5967) — An act to amend the Interstate Commerce Act, as amended, to clarify the status of freight forwarders and their relationship with motor common carriers. Signed December 20, 1950. P. Le 891 (He. Re 9681) — An act to authorize the waiver of the navigation and vessel-inspection laws (in the interest of national de— fense). Signed December 27, 1950. CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS: Copies of these reports available only from the committee submitting the re- port. House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries House Report No. 3246, Activities of the Merchant Marine and Fish- eries- Committee Pursuant to House Resolution 215 During 1949 and 1950; (January 2, 1951), 11 p., printed. This is a report on the activities of the Committee in the conduct of studies, inquiries, and investiga— tion during the Eighty-first Congress. The activities of theCommittee included investigation of fisheries and wildlife conservation probiems. The Committee conducted studies on fishery imports, the Mexican—Ameri- can shrimp controversy, the sea lamprey problem, pollution problems in the Pacific Northwest, general fisheries matters, and Alaskan fishery problems. 102 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 1 LANDINGS AND RECEIPTS In Millions of Pounds MAINE - LANDINGS MASSACHUSETTS - LANDINGS NOT INCLUDING IMPORTS BOSTON , GLOUCESTER , NEW BEDFORD , & CAPE COD JA N. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. NEW YORK CITY-RECEIPTS OF FRESH & FROZEN FISH CHICAGO - RECEIPTS OF FRESH & FROZEN FISH SALT-WATER MARKET WHOLESALE MARKET JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT, NOV. DEC. GULF - SHRIMP LANDINGS SEATTLE - RECEIPTS OF FRESH & FROZEN FISH HEADS OFF - FOR ALL USES WHOLESALE MARKET , LANDINGS , & IMPORTS JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. In Thousands of Tons CALIFORNIA - PILCHARD LANDINGS CALIFORNIA- TUNA AND TUNA-LIKE FISH ap JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT, NOV. DEC. eeeeeeee ESTIMATED January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 103 COLD STORAGE HOLDINGS and FREEZINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS In Millions of Pounds U.S. & ALASKA - HOLDINGS OF FROZEN FISH U.S. & ALASKA - FREEZINGS . fo) JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. NEW ENGLAND - HOLDINGS OF FROZEN FISH NEW YORK CITY - HOLDINGS OF FROZEN FISH JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. CHICAGO - HOLDINGS OF FROZEN FISH GULF - HOLDINGS OF FROZEN FISH JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND ALASKA - = ROZEN FISH HOLDINGS OF FROZEN FISH CALIFORNIA - HOLDINGS OF FRO fo) JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT, NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. 104 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 1 CANNED FISHERY PRODUCTS In Thousands of Standard Cases MAINE - SARDINES , ESTIMATED PACK UNITED STATES - SHRIMP S JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE CALIFORNIA - TUNA AND TUNA-LIKE FISH wore es - PILCHARDS JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE 210 CALIFORNIA - MACKEREL ALASKA - SALMON ob Pare JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. WASHINGTON - PUGET SOUND SALMON STANDARD CASES Variety No.Cans Can Designation Net. Wgt. SARDINES 100 1/4 drawn 3/4 ox. SHRIMP 48 — 5 oz. TUNA 48 No. 1/2 tuna 7 ot. PILCHARDS 48 No. 1 oval 15 oz. MACKEREL 48 No, 300 15 oz. SALMON 48 l_pound tall 16 oz. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOW_ DEG. January 1951 PRICES . BOSTON - WEIGHTED AVERAGE PRICE ON NEW ENGLAND FISH EXCHANGE IN ¢ PER POUND JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT, NOV. DEC. In Millions © of U.S. - IMPORTS OF FRESH & FROZEN FILLETS OF GROUND FISH, INCLUDING ROSEFISH 2 ‘JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT, NOV. DEC. a In Millions of U.S.- IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA AND TUNA-LIKE FISH JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT, NOV. DEC. U.S. & ALASKA - PRODUCTION OF FISH MEAL IN THOUSANDS OF TONS JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT, NOV. DEC. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 105 IMPORTS and BY-PRODUCTS _ MAINE - IMPORTS OF FRESH SEA HERRING IN MILLIONS OF POUNDS JAN. FEB. MAR. APR MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. Pounds U.S.- IMPORTS OF FRESH AND FROZEN SHRIMP FROM MEXICO 8 7 6 5 — 4 Sey 2 i (0) JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEG. Pounds U.S.-IMPORTS OF CANNED SARDINES ( Include in oil and not in oil ) JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. U.S. & ALASKA - PRODUCTION OF FISH OIL IN MILLIONS OF GALLONS JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. 106 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 1 Recent publications of interest to the commercial fishing industry are listed below. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE DIVISION OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHINGTON 25, D. C. TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOLLOWS: CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES AND ALASKA. FL - FISHERY LEAFLETS.. MOL - MARKET DEVELOPMENT SECTION LISTS OF DEALERS, LOCKER PLANTS, ASSOCIATIONS, ETC. SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL F RIES REVIEW. SSR.-FISH. - SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORTS--FISHERIES (LIMITED DISTRIBUTION). Number Title Number Title CFS-588 - Frozen Fish Report, November 1950, 10 p. Sep. 263 - Feeding Studies with the Gum of Gracillaria CFS-589 - Texas Landings, October 1950, 4 p. Confervoides and Carboxymethycellulose. CFS-590 - Maine Landings, September 1950, 4 p. Sep. 264 - Studies on Analytical Methods of Extracting CFS-591 - Fish Meal and 0il, October 1950, 2 p. Vitamin A and Oil from Fishery Products— CFS-592 - Massachusetts Landings, July 1950, 14 p. Part IV - Experiments on the Extraction CFS-593 - New England Fisheries, 1948 Annual Summary, of Low-0il-Content Livers with Acetone, 7 De. Ethyl Ether, and Petroleum £ther. CFS-594 - Alabama Landings, October 1950, 4 p. Sep. 265 - A Chemical Evaluation of Tuna-Liver and Beef- CFS-595 - Florida Landings, September 1950, 2 p. Liver Meals Prepared by Different Methods. CFS-597 - Frozen Fish Report, December 1950, 10 p. Sep. 266 - Technical Note No. 5 - "Pink Yeast" Isolated CFS-598 - Texas Landings, November 1950, 4 p. from Oysters Grows at Temperatures Below CFS-599 - Maine Landings, October 1950, 4 p. Freezing. CFS-602 - Alabama Landings, November 1950, 4 p. Sep. 267 - Technical Note No. 6 - Vitamin A Potsncies CFS-603 - Florida Landings, October 1950, 4 p. of Liver Oils of Bering Sea Cod and Flounder. FL-317 - The Japanese Long-Line Fishery for Tunas, 27 p. Sep. 268 - Technical Note No. 7 - Results of Soms Tests with Frozen Lobsters and Lobster Meat. Lists By States of Refrigerated Locker Plants (Revised) : Sep. 269 - Feeding Value of Fish Meals. MDL-5 - Georgia, 5 Dp. MDL-30- North Cai Carolina, 3 p. MDL-8 - Montana, 6 p. MDL-32- New Mexico, 2 p. FI-383 - Oyster Culture in Japan, by A. R. Cahn, 80 p., MDL-11- New Hampshire, 2 p.| MDL-37- Connecticut, 2D). illus., processed. (See Commercial Fisheries MDL-15- Mississippi, 3 p. MDL-38- Delaware, 1 p. Review, October 1950, p. 83 for abstract.) MDL-21- New Jersey, 2 p. MDL-53- Nevada, 1 p. SSR-Fish. No. 33 - Results of Encouragement for the Sep. 261 - The Technological Section Aids the Fisheries. Development of Albacore Fishing Grounds in Sep. 262 - Utilization of Salmon Eggs for Production of 1939, 175 p., illus., 1950. Cholesterol, Lipide, and Protein. ARTICLES BY FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE AUTHORS IN OTHER PUB! ICATIONS "An Improved Method of Glazing Fish for Locker Storage," Quick Frozen Foods, 82 Wall Street, New York, N. Y. (This by S. R. Pottinger, Quick Frozen Foods and The Locker article will be issued bythe U. S. Fishand Wildlife Plant, November 1950, vol. Senge no. 4, pp. 120, 122. Service as a fishery leaflet in the near future.) January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 107 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE AGENCIES ISSUING THEM. CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING PUBLICATIONS THAT FOLLOW SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE AGENCIES OR PUBLISHERS MENTIONED. 1F READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN. "Air Express Vs. Railway Express (A Comparison of ;Freshness of Fishery Products)," by William B. Lanham, Jr., article, Air Transportation, August 1950, vol. 17, no. 2, ppe 10-1, 21-4; September 1950, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 7-8, 30-2; illus., printed. Import Publications, Inc., New York 4, N. Y., amnual subscription $5.00. A report ona number of trial air shipments conducted during De- cember 1946 and February, March, and April 1947 by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service in order to de- termine whether or not the savings in transportation time made possible by using air express would be re- flected in the delivery of fresher fish and shell- fish. Included in the articles is-a discussion of packaging, railway shipping containers, air shipping containers, proper packaging for air shipments; and tables giving temperature and related data for air shipments of fish from Florida to College Park, Md., and degree of difference in freshness of comparable samples of fish as expressed by a taste panel. In his conclusion, the author states that "the ideal solution to the problems of packaging for air trans- port would seem to be a refrigerated cargo space in the plane to provide temperature control to maintain lower temperature in the product and somes type of water-tight container to prevent damage from leakage. Until planes with such equipment are in common usage, however, special packaging seems to be the most sat- isfactory solution. Also, "there was no discernible difference in the appearance of the fish shipped by air transport and those shipped by railway express. Very few fish had bruises and these were found in both types of shipment. There was no avparent leach- ing of color of any of the fish," the author con- cluded. (Alaska) 1949 Annual Report, Report No. 1, 40 p., printed, illus. Alaska Fisheries Board and Alaska Department of Fisheries, Juneau, Alaska, 1950. This report, the first annual report of the Alaska Fish- eries Board (created by the 19th Territorial Legis- lature and approved: March 21, 1949), is a resume of activities of the Department. for 1949. The report contains statistics on the number of salmon canneries and pack (1878-1949); comparative values of canned salmon by species (1905-1949); and production (quan- tity and value) of 25 Alaskan fishery products (1936- 47). In addition to a history of the salmon can- neries in southeastern Alaska from 1878 through 1949, the report contains the Act creating the Alaska De- partment of Fisheries, a discussion of inspection and stream improvement, a financial statement, and a discussion of the plans of the Department and its future outlook. Congres International D'Etude sur Le Role du Poisson dans L'Alimentation (International Study Congress on the Role of Fish in Nutrition)--held at Paris, Oc- tober 26-28, 1950, 548 p., illus. Institut Ocean- ographique, 195 Rue Saint-Jacques, Paris, France, 1950. Papers and discussions presented at this meeting were divided into four main subjects: & 1948, DATA ON PRICES, (1) Nutritional value of fish; (2) Nutritional and industrial use of fish; (3) Fish in the economy of France; and (4) Fish distribution. Among the papers presented under (1) were: Fishery Products and Their Nutritional Value; The Principal Vitamins in Fish; The Mtneral Eleme:ts in Fish; and The Role of Fish in Dietetics. Under (2) there were, among others, the following papers: Salting, Smoking, and De- hydration of Fish; Evolution and Recent Progress in the Preservation of Fish in France; Refrigeration in the Norwegian Fishery Industry; Composition and Utilization of Fish Solubles; and Fish Meals and Their Utilization in the Animal Nutrition. For (3), somes of the papers presented dealt with: Price of Fish; The Role of Fish in the School Lunchrooms; and Fish in Army Nutrition. The papers presented under (4) were concerned with transportation of fish; market development, fish publicity, and increasing the consumption of fish in the various European countries. (ECA) Ninth Report to costs of the Economic Cooop- eration Administration (For the Quarter Ended June 30, 1950), 167 p., printed, 40 cents. Economic Cooper- ation Administration, Washington, D. C., November 1950. (For sale by Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C.) Reports on the activities under the Eco- nomic Cooperation Act of 1948 as well as the programs of economic aid to Korea and the general area of China. Edible fishery products are specifically listed as a group in some of the tables containei in this publi- cation. Food anor Trends in Birmingham, Ala., 1935, 1946, 1948 Food Consumption Surveys, Special Report No. 1) , 19 p., processed. Bureau of Human Nutrition and Homs Economics, Agricultural Research Administra- tion, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., October 1950. This report presents some of the findings of a comparison of a food consumption (ineluding fishery products) study made in 1948 by the Bureau of Human Nutrition and Home Economics with income and expenditure studies made in Birmingham by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The comparison covers estimates of one week's food consumption in the winters of 1935, 1946, and 1948, In analyzing the data collected on fishery products, the report points out that "in 1935 fresh and canned fish were less expensive than poultry and most meats and repre- sented about one-tenth of total consumption. By 1946, when most of these items were no longer cheap substi- tutes for meat and poultry, consumption was lower than in 1935. However, by 1948, with prices of so many meats above those of some sea foods, more fish and other sea food items were used than in either 1935 or 1946." "Food Poisoning," by Victor C. Vaughan, The Scientific Monthly, vol. L&I, No. 5, pp. 155-61, printed. Amer- ican Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington 5, D. C., single copies 75 cents. This article briefly discusses the various aspects of 108 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 13, Now 1+ THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE AGENCIES ISSUING THEM, food poisoning. The subjects covered include mussel poisoning, fish poisoning, meat poisoning, milk poi- soring, and a general review of canned foods. France--Directory of Importers, =CA Financed Commod- ities, 114 p., printed. Eeononic Cooperation Ad- ministration - Special Mission to France (Available from Office of Information, Sconomic Cooperation Administration, Washington 25, D. C., August 1950). This directory contains the names and addresses of firms which have been given licenses by the French Government to import commodities financed by the Economic Cooperation Administration during the period September 1949-March 1950. Firms are listed by type of commodities purchased. Among the cate- gories of commodities included are food, feed, and fertilizers. (International Commission on Whaling) First Report of the Commission (Covering the first fiscal year lst June, 1949 to Slst May, 1950), 31 p., printed, In- ternational Whaling Commission, London, England, 1950. This is the first report of the Commission and includes a list of its members; the text of the International Convention for the Regulation of- Whaling (1946); the Schedule to the Convention as amended at the Commission's first meeting; list of commissioners, etc., attending the first meeting; agenda for the first meeting; rules of procedure; resolutions passed at the first meeting; amendments to Schedule made at first meeting; and income and expenditure account for the year ended May 31, 1950, International Whaling Statistics (XXIII), 65 p., printed, kr. 2.00 Comes 30 cents). The Comnit- tee for Whaling Statistics, Oslo, Norway, 1950. Statistics for the Antarctic season 1947-48 and for the whaling on other grounds in 1948 are shown in this publication. Except for the U.S.S.R. floating factory Aleut and the whale oil production of two Brazilian shore stations, complete information about all whaling activities in Antarctic waters during the season 1947-48 and on other grounds in 1948 are included. Also included are tables giving the whal- ing results of the various countries separately. Packaging in Germany During the Period 1939-1945, by Miss A. E. Wiegand, B. I. 0. S. Surve Surveys, Report No. 31, 61 p., illus., 2s. Od. net (approx. 30 cents). Published for the British Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee by His Majesty's Stationery Office, P. O. Box 569, London, S. E. 1, England, 1950. In- cluded in this report is a discussion of paper, board, parchment, films, foils, and plastics used for packaging in Germany; and metal and glass con- tainers. In addition, textiles, adhesives, and ad- hesive tapes for containers; rot- and fire—proofing, and corrosion prevention; food packaging; and filling machinery are additional subjects covered by the report. Metal containers used to pack fishery products are mentioned in several instances. Production and Yield of the Oyster Canning Industry of South Carolina, by Robert Lunz, Contributions from Sears Bluff Laboratories No. 9, 14 p., printed, illus. Bears Bluff Laboratories, Wadmalaw Island, S. C., May 1950. Oyster production by the three major canning factories in South Carolina for the past 23 years is analyzed in this report. The author reports that oyster production by these cenneries has gredually increased from slightly less than 250,000 bushels in 1926-27, to a high of 650,000 bushels in 1939-40, dropped to an almost all-time low in 1944-45, and again increased in 1948-49 to a point somewhat above the average production for the 25 years. How- ever, the yield of meat in ounces from a bushel of oysters has more or less steadily declined, reaching in the 1948-49 season an all-time low of 27.9 ounces per bushel. Included is a discussion of production; economic conditions affecting the fluctuations in oyster harvests; the decline in oyster yields; causes for the decline; shell planting; depletion; and oyster diseases, "The Sardine Season of 1950," article, Trade News, Oc- tober 1950, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 9-ll, illus., proc- essed. Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. A report on the Canadian east coast sardine season for 1950. Seals of the Canadian East Coast, by H. D. Fisher, General Series, No. 18, 4 p., illus., printed. At- lantic Biological Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, St. Andrews, N. B., Canada, September 1950. The resident and migratory species of seals found on the Canadian east coast are described in this leaflet. Soms Aspects of Food Refrigeration and Freezing, FAO Agricultural Studies No. 12, 215 p., illus., printed, $2.00. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Washington, D. C., November 1950. This book is a comprehensive outline of current knowledge in various fields of field refrigeration and freezing (including fishery products), which has particular application in Europe, and which is in general ap- plicable to all parts of the world. Recognizing the importance’ of refrigeration in the preservation of fruit, vegetables, dairy, fishery products, and other food products, and the interest of many European countries in further developments in this field, FAO held a meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark, October 11-25, 1948, to which all European countries were invited to send their specialists in food refrigeration and freezing to exchange information on new developments in these fields. Approximately 100 workers attended from 13 countries. Papers presented at that meeting have been used as the main source of material for this publication. Included in the publication are discussions of the principles of refrigeration; pro- duction and use of ice; household refrigerators, home freezers, and locker plants; construction of cold storage plants; refrigerating machinery; methods and apparatus for commercial freezing; packaging ma- terials and machinery; judging flavor, color, and tex- ture of food; plant sanitation; chilled and frozen foods; transportation of chilled and frozen foods in Europe; and marketing frozen foods in Europe. Under the discussion of chilled and frozen foods, fishery products are specifically mentioned. Sections dealing with chilled and frozen lean fish, fatty fish, and January 1951 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 109 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE Fish axe D WILDLIFE frozen shellfish are included. These sections re- view the chilling, freezing, and practical freezing problems; rancidity in frozen herring; fundamental characteristics of herring oil; the effect of cata- lysts, conmon salt, glazing, and drying; and the freezing of shrimp, lobster, mussels, and oysters. Statutory Net-Content Marking Seauirenents fer for Pack- ages (Undefined defined) and Packages of Foods, Drugs, 3 and Cosmetics, NBS ‘ics, NBS Circular 503, by | KapEEya M. Schwere and Ralph W. Smith, 8 p., printed, 5 cents. National Bureau of Standards, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. ,(For sale by Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C.). Presented in this pamphlet is a summary and tabulation of statu- tory requirements for net-content declarations on packages in general’ and on packages of foods, drugs, and cosmetics in particular. It is based upon the latest available statutes of the United States and of the States, Territories, District of Columbia, and organized island possessions of the United States. Requirements of city ordinances are not included. Supplement for 1949 to Consumption of Food in the United| 46 p., processed. U. States, 1909- 1909-48, 41 ] pe, processed. Bureau of Aj Agri- cultural Econom! Economics, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (September 1950). This supplement contains revisions for the tables published in the Miscellaneous Publication No. 691, as well as com- parable data for 1949. In general, only the revised data are carried in the tables found in this supple- ment. Fishery products, broken down into various separate categories, are included among the many food items covered. Trieste Importers, 16 p., printed. Office of Inform - tion, Economic Cooperation Administration, Washington, D. C., 1950. Trieste importers and the commodities in which they specialize are listed in this publi- cation. Included are importers of canned foodstuffs, fishing tools, sponges, and stockfish. United States Import Duties (1950), (Including Special and Administrative Provisions of the Tariff Act, as Amended), Miscellaneous Series, TC 1. 10: Im 7/4/950, 372 p., $2.00. U. S. Tariff Commission, Washington, D. C. (For sale by Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C.). This publication contains schedules of articles subject to duty and of articles free of duty as of July 1, 1950, and special and ad- ministrative provisions of the Tariff Act, as amended as of July 1, 1950. Section I represents a restate- ment of the dutiable and the free lists of the Tariff MOTION PICTURE So enES SSUI NG THEM. Act showing rates of ordinary customs duties (including free rates and import-tax rates) in tabular schedule form, and information as to special and ‘additional duties and special exemptions which are provided for elsewhere than in the dutiable or free lists of the Tariff Act. Many of the rates specified in the Tariff Act of 1930 and many of the import-tax rates subse- quently imposed have been changed by Presidential proc- lamations and a few by direct Congressional amendments. Shanges by the former method were made either under section 336 of the Tariff Act (the so-called flexible- tariff provisions), or in pursuance of reciprocal trade agreements entered into under the Trade Agree- ments Act enacted on June 12, 1934, and thereafter amended at various times. These changes in duties are reflected in Section I. In Section II are set forth the special and administrative provisions of the Tariff Act, as amended up to the date of this publication, and includes all the amendments made by the Customs Administrative Act of 1938 and other Congrsssional enactments. Supplement 1 to United States Import Duties (1950) U. S. Tariff Commission, Wash- ington, D. C., December 1950. This is the first supplement to United States Import Duties (1950), bringing that publication up to date. The original document, released in August 1950, showed all United States import duties in effect on July 1, 1950. Most of changes in duty since that date result from the withdrawal (effective December 11, 1950) of certain tariff concessions originally negotiated with China; in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and from the termination (effective at the close of December 31, 1950) of the trade agreement between the United States and Mexico. (This supplement is free to persons who have already purchased or to new purchasers of the original document.) Trade’ Lists The Commercial Intelligence Branch, Office of Inter- national Trade, U. S. Department of Commerce, has Published the following mimeographed trade list. Copies of this list may be obtained by firms in ‘the United States from that office or from Depart- ment of Commerce field offices at $1.00 per list. Oils (Animal, Fish, and Vegetable)--Importers, Dealers, Producers, Refiners, and Exporters-- Chile, 8 p., (November 1950); lists the name and address (and products handled) of Chjlean importers, dealers, producers, refiners, and exporters of animal, fish, and vegetable oils. The following motion picture is available only from the source given in listing. Conservation in Action, 16 mm. color and sound, running time 15 minutes. Re- leased by the Fish a and Wildlife Service, December 1950. This film briefly tells the habitat-needs of salmon, waterfowl, buffalo, mountain goats, moose, and many other creatures, and shows the activities of the Fish and Wildlife Service in meet- ing these needs and managing the renewable resources in our waters and on our lands. Application for bookings should be made to the DIVISION OF INFORMATION, FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHINGTON 25, D. C. Requests for booking the film should be made 110 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIGW Vol. 15, No. 1 as far in advance as possible. Reauests will be handied in order of receipt. Each request should indicate clearly the address to which the shipment is to be made. Shipments are usually made by express, the borrower paying transportation charges both ways, but there is no charge for the use of the film, "RELATIONSHIP OF DUTIES AND IMPORT PRICES OF FRESH AND FROZEN FILLETS, 1939, 1943, 1948, 1949, 1950" 4 REDUCED QUOTA-DUTY . REGULAR DUTY PRICE OF FILLETS a F.O.B. CANADIAN BORDER a z =) °o a ac Ww a : AZZ = - el z uJ oO [op] Be 1339 * Based on 9 months. U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE © ou °o January 1951 COMVERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW alee FOREIGN (CONT. ): PAGE FEDERAL ACTIONS (CONT.): PAGE GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC: DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE: VESSEL EQUIPPED WITH DEEP-SEA ELECTRICAL FISHING NATIONAL PRODUCTION AUTHORITY: PINNIGE Gsooacodcansdooonddnacedsodbooaadontboone «> Ss! PRESENT AND ANTICIPATED HARD FIBRE SUPPLIES AND ELECTRO-F1SHING USED TO RECUCE COARSE ROUGH FISH DEMAND TO BE STUDIED ...ccsceecccccsceceresace 16 IN EMMER RIVER ..c-cccccccvccccccccscsccrereress 4 INCREASES AMOUNT OF ALUMINUM THAT CAN BE USED WHOLESALE FISH PRICES INCREASED IN THIRD QUARTER IN FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT PARTS ..cececerereeeee 76 ORM O50 Matera eloreieeteiaiereieteiniotloieicleleteietsisicieicieletsteteler-mmn >) ISSUES LIST OF MATERIALS SUBJECT TO ANTI- STATUS OF FISHING FLEET, THIRD QUARTER 1950 ..... 96 HOARDING PROVISIONS OF DEFENSE PRODUCTION ACT 76 FISH PROCESSING INDUSTRY, 1949 ...cceseeceecsvere 56 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE: FISHERY BYPRODUCTS INDUSTRY, 1949 ....esceeeeeees 97 DECENTRALIZED ARMY OFFICES CONTINUE TO HANDLE GREENLAND: ALL ARMY PROCUREMENT .ccccesaserccerercsecseers J/ FILLET MACHINE PURCHASED FROM GERMANY .-eeeseeeee 58 OFFICE OF DEFENSE MOBILIZATION: HONG KONG: FUNCTIONS OF DEFENSE PRODUCTION ADMINISTRATION FISHING INDUSTRY IN DIFFICULTIES .cseeevecereeese 38 AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION BOARD .oseceeecereeeee 78 | CELAND: EXECUTIVE ORDER: FISHERIES INDUSTRY SURVEYED BY U. S. EXPERTS .... 58 DEFENSE PRODUCTION ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENSE TWO ICELANDIC FISHERY EXPERTS IN THE U. S. SEEK MOBILIZATION BOARD ESTABLISHED .c.cesererecoeess 19 NEW WAYS TO USE FISHERY BYPRODUCTS ...ceeeseeeee 62 ‘ ECONOMIC STABILIZATION AGENCY: SEAMEN'S LABOR DISPUTE AFFECTS FISH PRODUCTION .. 62 ORGANIZATIONAL STATEMENT .esscreeecececeserssess 80 FROZEN FISH MARKETING TRENDS ..scvccesercreserere 62 NEED AND PURPOSES FOR ECONOMIC STABIL1I ZATION BYPRODUCTS TRENDS ....0-eeeeere 2 o con el EXPLAINED BY DIRECTOR OF PRICE STABILIZATION .. 81 WHAISIING etetetoycleiareicistesintetelete cteleleleletelerieletal=lelats (cleleleleiai=(e OS PRICING STANDARDS FOR BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY .... 81 1CELAND-WESTERN GERMANY TRADE AGREEMENT AMENDED . 63 ‘QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS INTERPRETING PHASES OF JAPAN: VOLUNTARY PRICING STANDARDS ....eceroreceserers 33 THIRD JAPANESE MOTHERSHIP-TYPE TUNA EXPEDITION .. 64 WAGE STABILIZATION BOARD !SSUES STATEMENT ON NEW WHALING FACTORY SHIP .csccccecererercrescrere O4 WAGE AND SALARY CONTROLS .csocererecesesersress 85 MEXICO: PRICE PROCEDURAL REGULATION |SSUED nod. ale SHRIMP EXPORT DUTIES CHANGED ...eeeccrererererees O64 WAGE PROCEDURAL REGULATION ISSUED ...e.e+eeeee20 92 NEW VESSELS AND FREEZERS FOR WEST COAST SHRIMP DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR: INDUSTRY .eesccescccccesscrecercccsceercresesess 66 NEW INTERNATIONAL DIVISION ESTABLISHED ......2-. 94 NIGERIA: DEFENSE FISHERIES ADMINISTRATION ESTABLISHED ... 94 DEVELOPMENT OF FISHERIES ENCOURAGED ..c.c-e+eee-+e 66 DEFENSE FISHERIES ADMINISTRATION: NORWAY: BRANCH OF MATERIAL FACILITIES ESTABLISHED AND NORWAY PLANS TO EXPORT HERRING MEAL TOU. S. .... 67 Gis QM) soansocopnboo0gnoonnDDDoOGODDOOGNG | EE) NEW-TYPE VESSEL LAUNCHED wccorcecceccreveres a. METHODS TO BE USED BY FISHERY INDUSTRIES TO GET NUMBER OF PERSONS ENGAGED IN FISHING ... . center SCARCEN MATERIAL Sine eictsicterinteleesie s(slelcleinisinie/ateiuiel«/ani OS NEW GROUNDS FOR SUMMER HERRING FISHING . . 5 ts) FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE: NORWEGIAN GREENLAND FISHERY ...-s-seeeee 0 - 68 SERVICE EMPLOYEE DESIGNATED TO HANDLE TRADE PAKISTAN: AGREEMENT AND TARIFF MATTERS .ccscceserereeees 96 CENTRAL FISHERIES DEPARTMENT TO BE ESTABLISHED .. 68 ALASKA'S PRIMARY COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BUYERS TRIESTE: REQUIRED TO SUBMIT RECEIPTS REPORTS ...esee2-- 97 ADDS TUNA VESSELS TO FISHING FLEET ...ccceeeeeeee 69 DEPARTMENT OF STATE ONIEORIKINGDOM: STATUS OF AMERICAN PARTICIPATION IN THE GENERAL BOTATNONESY STEHMINAUGURATEOREORSEONGSOISTANCE AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE REVIEWED ....... 97 FISHING FLEET .ccccccccccecccscccsscrecercsecess O09 HEAVY INCREASE IN FISH PRICES TOWARDS END OF 1950 69 PERIOD FOR LOANS TO INSHORE FISHERMEN EXTENDED .. 70 FEDERAL ACTIONS: .ccccvcccevcsccerccccccacccecesons JI DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE: CERTAIN FATTY ACIDS REMOVED FROM LIST OF ITEMS SUBJECT TO AGRICULTURE-IMPORT ORDER ..-cerecere 7/1 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE: BRITISH TOKEN IMPORT PLAN WILL BE CONTINUED IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1951 ..csccececcrereee /1 DESIGNAT!ON OF CLAIMANT AGENCIES ...- NATIONAL PRODUCTION AUTHORITY: ORDER ISSUED FOR EQUITABLE CIVILIAN DISTRIBU- TION AND CONSERVATION OF TIN ecocccereeerereee 13 REPORT ON FIFTH SESSION OF GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE coe-stecccecccenccssrsererses 98 EIGHTY-FIRST CONGRESS (SECOND SESSION) DEC. 1950 101 CHADIER onousiaagosoogoSnancdaos OZ LANDINGS AND RECEIPTS ....eeececccesecererererers 102 COLD STORAGE HOLDINGS AND FREEZINGS OF FISHERY FRODUGTS) ereleeteceisisteeterer en Avaoe 1s) CANNED FISHERY PRODUCTS .....-.-. Siewis 1104: PRICES, IMPORTS AND BYPRODUCTS .. co oeo, 1S RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: .ssececeeeeees sere 72 FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS ........-. 106 ARTICLES BY FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE AUTHORS IN OTHER PUBLICATIONS ..eceeceeecceeccererecscecene 106 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS ... sooo Or KORO) MUCIURE sasdccoos5esodooucdsqup0ao00CgPODDCOGG Us) ae eeeee a3 : Illustrator-- Gustaf T. Sundstrom Compositors-- Jean Zalevsky, Carolyn Wood, Betty Coakley Photograph credits: Cover page - fF. C, June; p. 36 - B. M. Shimada; p. 40 - Bob Finley, Other photographs in this issue anonymous, ee Interior—Duplicating Section, Washington, D. c. - "88073 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW MAILING LIST BEING CIRCULAR FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 12, No.12 DECEMBER FISH and WILDLIFE SERVICE United States Department of the Interior Washington, D.C "PA "ST Sboto AneeO Sezp *sqqTtd *H 44eq0Yy (D2Wd) AIRE Since Federal regulations require that all mailing lists be circularized periodically, a circularization letter dated November 15 was sent to all those on the Commercial Fisheries Review mailing list, (Individuals or firms who-have been added to the mailing list subse- quent to October 1, 1950, will not receive a circulari- zation letter and will continue to be retained on the mailing list, unless the recipient meanwhile requests that his name be removed, ) The names of those firms and individuals who do not return the lower portion of the November 15 circulari- zation letter will be deleted from the Commercial Fish- eries Review mailing list, The January 1951 issue will be the last one to be mailed to those who do not reply, If you do not wish to miss any issues of the Review and you have not yet replied to the circularization letter, mail your reply immediately upon receipt of the January 1951 issue, Tne circularization notice containsseveral questions which are tobe answered by the recipients of the Review, The editors respectfully urge you to answer these questions as the answers will aid the editorial staff to determine the type of material that should be publishedin the Review in order to better serve the needs and interests of our readers, ooz‘€ - TS/T - BMNA m0 STOT “ON 9}mIeg SSINISNSE WVIDISSA0 ‘D ‘d ‘SZ NOLONIHSYM SDIAYNSS 34SI101IM GNV HSIS O0c$ “39ViSOd 40 INSWAVd GIOAY O1 36M BLVAIHd HOd ALIVNAd YOIMSLNI SHLAO LNAWLYVdS SALVLis G3aLINN