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THE
COMPLETE WRITINGS
OF
THOMAS SAY
ON THE
Entomology of alovth America.
EDITED BY
JOHN L. LE CONTE, M. D.
WITH A MEMOIR OF THE AUTHOR, BY
GEORGE ORD.
V0 th T:
NEW YORK: BAILLIERE BROTHERS, 440 BROADWAY. LONDON :—H. BAILLIERE, 219 REGENT STREET. PARIS :—J. B. BAILLIERE ET FILS, RUE HAUTEFEUILLE. MADRID :—C,. BAILLY-BAILLIERE, CALLE DEL PRINCIPE.
1859.
‘ae rh oy ‘uh ar hee va i en Nt AeR apan natn shy
a “hee sulk + ighaigeyiibans
CONTENTS OF VOL. I.
Preface, Vis Memoir of the Author, vii. Preface to American Entomology, xi, American Entomolgy, Vol. I. Philad., 1824, (pl. i.—xviii.) if
Vol. II. Philad., 1825, (pl. xix.—xxxvi.) 35 Vol. III. Philad., 1828, (pl. xxxvii—liv.) 81 Explanation of terms used in Entomology, 123 A description of some new species of Hymenopterous In- sects, (from the Western Quarterly Reporter,) Vol. 2, No. 1, 1823, pp. 71—82, 161 Description of Insects belonging to the order Neuroptera Linn. Latr. collected by the Expedition authorized by J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under the command of Major S. H. Long, (fromthe Western Quarterly Re- porter, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1823, pp. 160—165,) 170 Appendix to the Narrative of an Expedition to the source of St. Peter’s River, &c., under the command of Ste- phen H. Long, U.S. T.E., Vol. 2, 1824; pp. 268-—378, 176 Descriptions of North American Curculionides, and an ar- rangement of some of our known species, agreeably to the method of Schonherr. New Harmony, Indiana, July, 1831, 259 New species of North American Insects, found by Joseph Barabino, chiefly in Louisiana. New Harmony, In- diana, January, 1832, 300 Descriptions of new species of Heteropterous Hemiptera of North America. New Harmony, Indiana, Decem-
ber, 1831, 310 Correspondence relative to the Insect that destroys the Cotton Plant, 369
Note on Capt. Le Conte’s paper on ‘New Coleopterous In- sects of North America,’ published in the first volumes of the Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, (from Contributions of the Maclurian Ly-
ly. CONTENTS.
ceum to the Aris and Sciences, Vol. 1, Philadelphia, 1827.)
A description of some new species of Hymenoptera of the United States, (from Contributions of the Maclurian Lyceum to the Aris and Sciences, Vol. 1, pp. 67—S3. Philadelphia, 1828,)
Descriptions of new American species of the Genera Bu- prestis, Trachys and Elater, (from Annals of the Ly- ceum of Natural History of New York, Vol. 1, part 2, 1825, pp. 249—268,)}
Additions and corrections,
dll Bed SD) Saw, eo 8
The number of works through which: the descriptions of insects published by Say are scattered, has been a serious obstacle to the progress of Entomology in the United States. As the founder of that branch of science in this country, the basis of all knowledge of our species rests upon a correct determination of those known to him; but the labor and expense of acquiring this information is so great, in conse- quence of the cost and number of the works to be consulted, that it is within the power of few to possess even a moder- ately complete series of his contributions.
For the purpose of aiding the researches of the student of Entomology in this country, and for the securing of due credit to the labors of this great naturalist abroad, I have here brought together all the descriptions of insects publish- ed by him. By the introduction of the paging of the original publications [in brackets] into the body of the text, the labor of referring to a separate index for the place of publication is obviated, and the true reference can be readily made.
With the view of increasing the usefulness of the work, notes have been added, in which the species, so far as pos- sible, are referred to genera adopted in the present condi- tion of science. And I must here express my earnest thanks to Baron R. yon Osten Sacken, of the Russian Legation, at Washington, for his kindness in furnishing me with his notes on the Diptera described by Say, and to Mr. Philip R. Uhler for similar notes upon Orthoptera, Neuroptera and Hemiptera.
My own researches upon the Coleoptera of the United States have led me to follow very nearly in the path of Say,
Vi. PREFACE.
over the regions adjacent to the Rocky mountains, while diligent collecting in other parts of the country has been attended with such success, that but few of the species known to him are wanting in my collection. The entire destruc- tion of his original specimens would be the subject of much greater regret, were it not for the fact that his descriptions are so clear as to leave scarcely a doubt regarding the object designated. I am thus enabled to assign to nearly all of his Coleoptera their proper place in the modern system.
Such of the original plates illustrating the American En- tomology as remain, have been purchased for the present work: unfortunately plates 837—54 have been destroyed ; these have been re-engraved by Mr. John Gavit, of Albany, which will be a sufficient guarantee of their being exact copies. The plates of Coleoptera have been recolored from specimens, and will be found more correct than those in the original work.
Typographical errors in the original memoirs have been corrected; other errors have not been changed, or if noted, the corrections have been placed in brackets.
To add interest to the work, Mr. Ord, late President of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, has kindly permitted me to use the heretofore unpublished memoir of Mr. Say, written by him, and read before the American Philosophical Society. The long and unbroken intimacy existing between these two men of science, renders this production of peculiar value, and leads us, by a know- ledge of the difficulties with which they contended, to esti- mate still more highly the labors of those who have in the early history of science in America prepared the way for students whe now labor, not with more skill, but with greater facilities.
JoHN L. LE Conte.
Philadelphia, May 1st, 1859.
A MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY
FOREIGN MEMBER L. S. AND Z. S. LONDON.
Read before the American Philosophical Society, on the 19th December, 1834,
BY
GEORGE ORD.
THoMAS Say was born in Philadelphia, on the 27th of July, 1787. His father, Benjamin Say, a respectable physician and apothecary, was a son of the Thomas Say, of whom a marvellous account is extant, relating to a supposed trance, during a state of suspended animation.
Dr. Say, belonging to the Society of Friends or Quakers, placed the subject of this notice in a school, under the patron- age of the sect; and afterwards removed him to the Friends’ Academy of Weston or West-town, situated in Pennsylvania, a few miles from Philadelphia.
Of those who have had the misfortune to be placed at a country school, there are few, who, in after years, can re- view that period of their life with satisfaction. The grovel- ling amusements there indulged in, which are the natural consequence of a freedom from restraint, or from observa- tion; the want of incentives to honourable emulation ; together with an unsettled mode of communicating elementary know- ledge; occasion in the mind of the pupil a distaste for letters, which too often influences the remainder of his life.
Viil. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY.
Of the name or character of the teachers, to whom the education of Thomas Say was confided, I have not been in- formed ; but there is reason to infer, from his deficiency in elementary learning, on his arriving at manhood, and his indifference to polite literature, that his teachers had been either grossly negligent or incompetent.
The father of Mr. Say, aware of the importance of occu- pation, and not perceiving in his son an indication of a predilection for any of the learned professions, took him into his shop, the business of which was conducted for their mutual benefit. After being initiated into the mysteries of pharmacy, Mr. Say was established in the same useful call- ing, in conjunction with another person, whose supposed solidity of character, and business habits, it was presumed would ensure success.
But the expectations of the parent were not to be realized. Thomas Say was not destined to be a man of business. The thrift of trade, and the art of buying and selling, were either disdained by him or neglected. He became imprudently responsible for the pecuniary engagements of others; and being unable to withstand the reverses which ensued, he soon found himself involved in ruin.
At what period of Mr. Say’s life he became enamoured of the works of nature I cannot ascertain ; but I remember his haying told me that even when a school-boy his greatest delight was in collecting butterflies and those Coleopterous insects, whose variegated or splendid colours seldom fail to arrest the attention of the most careless observer.
A passion for collecting natural objects, if freely indulged, generally leads to a desire of becoming acquainted with their characters or properties. This desire once gratified, the student finds himself in possession of knowledge as delight- ful as it is varied and inexhaustible. But so fascinating is the study of natural history, so completely does it predomi- nate over other studies, that it seems by no means advisable to recommend it to the early attention of youth, even as a recreation, lest what was intended merely for pastime should
MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. 1X.
become an occupation, interfering with the acquisition of that learning, which, in every situation of life, is deemed indispensable.
That the subject of this notice early commenced the study of natural history, is well ascertained. Hence his indiffer- ence to business, which resulted in bankruptcy; hence his neglect of literature, a neglect which he was fully sensible of, when, at a future period of his life, he undertook to com- municate to the public the result of his labours in some of the most abstruse and intricate branches of the animal kingdom.
Not long after the establishment of the Academy of Natu- ral Sciences of Philadelphia, Mr. Say was prevailed with to become one of its members.* Of the origin of this highly respectable and useful institution, I shall at this time merely assert, that its founders had any thing in view but the ad- vancement of science. Strange as this may appear, it is nevertheless true, that the club of humourists, which subse- quently dignified the association under the imposing title of Academy, held its weekly meetings merely for the purpose of amusement; and, consequently, confined itself to those objects which it was thought would be most conducive to that end.
But, in process of time, when it was found that mere col- loquial recreation soon loses its charms, a higher object was suggested to the attention of the association, one which it was thought would tend to awaken public curiosity, and thereby procure an accession of members, and, consequently, an accession of means: this object was the collecting and preserving of natural curiosities. At the date of Mr. Say’s joining the Society, this plan had been recently adopted; but how great was his surprise, on being inducted into the temple of science, to find that the whole collection consisted of some half a dozen common insects, a few madrepores and
*The Academy was founded in January, 1812; and Mr. Say was elected a member in April, the same year. His name appears for the first time, among the members present, at the meeting of the 16th of April. It was subsequently determined, as a mark of respect, that ‘‘ his name should be enrolled among those of the founders.’’
xX. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY.
shells, a dried toad fish and a stuffed monkey: a display of objects of science calculated rather to excite merriment than to procure respect, but which, in the end, proved to be the nucleus of one of the most beautiful and valuable collections in the United States.
In the year 1817, the Academy of Natural Sciences, hav- ing had the good fortune to associate to itself some gentle- men of acquirements and respectability, was induced, at the earnest solicitation of its President, William Maclure, Esq,, to undertake the publication of a Journal, chiefly for the purpose of recording discoveries, remarkable facts, and ob- servations, in natural history. This Journal, which, at the date of this memoir*, has reached its thirteenth half volume, is a record of no ordinary value ; and we hazard nothing in pre- dicting that it is destined to a long life.
In the Academy’s Journal Mr. Say, I believe, first made his appearance as an author. He had, previously, read some papers to the Society, more with a view of adding interest to its meetings, than of giving publicity to his dis- coveries ; but now that an appropriate vehicle of publication was afforded him, he devoted himself with increased ardour to his pursuits, with what success those only who are con- versant in these matters can truly estimate.
We have spoken of Mr. Say’s first appearance in print. It seems necessary to state, that some years antecedently he issued proposals for a History of the Insects of the United States ; but so slender was the interest which works on natural history excited at that day, that the project was abandoned, although our zealous young naturalist had been stimulated to it by the encouraging encomiums, and the promise of assistance, of his friend, Alexander Wilson, whose Ornithology was then in the course of publication.
In the commencement of the year 1818, Mr. Say, together with the President of the Academy of Natural Sciences, and two other members, visited the Sea Islands, and adjacent coast of Georgia, and penetrated into East
* At the present time the publications of the Academy form 8 vols. 8vo and 3 vols. 4to of the Journal, and 10 vols. of Proceedings.—Lrc.
MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. xi:
Florida, then under the dominion of Spain, for the purpose of studying the natural history of those interesting regions. * This journey, although productive of much valuable infor- mation, was shortened, in consequence of the hostilities which still existed between the people of the United States and the native tribes of Florida; the Spanish Governor of which territory having kindly wid the exploring party to return, as it would not be in his power to afford them any assist- ance, in the event of an attack by the Indians.
Of the two scientific expeditions fitted out by order of the government of the United States, and commanded by Major Long, the department of chief Zoologist was allotted to Mr. Say ; whose numerous discoveries have since been re- corded in works which need not be named here, as the stu- dents of natural history are familiar with them.
We come now to the crisis of Mr. Say’s life, the termina- tion of his labours in his native city. In the year 1825, he was induced to accompany Messieurs Maclure and Owen to their settlement in Indiana, where the sum of human happi- ness, it was believed, would be exalted; and where science and letters, it was confidently affirmed, would soon arise, like the orient sun, to enlighten our benighted western world. But had these zealots allowed themselves time to reflect upon the nature of man, before they commenced their plans of reform, they would have perceived that all schemes to coun- teract the order of society are as ineffective as attempts would be to subvert the order of nature. This truth soon became manifest, for in a few short months the confraternity of New Harmony disagreed, quarrelled, and separated. Even the founders of the Institution got into the labyrinth of the law, from which they were extricated by a compromise. One returned to his native country, to concoct new measures for the reformation of domestic policy; and the other re- tired in disgust to the republic of Mexico, to brood over
* The party consisted of Messrs. Maclure, Say, Titian R. Peale, and the writer of this memoir,
xil. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY.
misfortunes, which he attributed rather to adverse events, than to a want of forecast in himself, or a defect in the fun- damental principles of the association.
But Mr. Say had become involved for life. He had mar- ried ; he had accepted the agency of the property, the du- ties of which compelled him to a residence there ; he had no other means of support but what the bounty of his pa- tron, Mr. Maclure, afforded him ; he, therefore, sat himself down with his usual composure, to await the turn of events, appropriating all his moments of leisure to his favourite pur- suits; and not allowing a thought of the future to disturb the equanimity of his mind.
The health of Mr. Say, when he retired from Philadel- phia, was far from being good; from causes which shall be hereafter stated, his stomach had lost its natural tone; and he found that the climate of the Wabash was by no means adapted to restore vigour to a constitution which had been enfeebled by the repeated attacks of dysenteric affections. Had he been free to follow the advice of his medical friends, or to yield to the affectionate solicitations of his relations, he would have returned to the more genial climate of his native city; where the salubrity of the air, the comforts of life, and the charms of society, would have doubtless contri- buted, in no small degree, if not to the entire renovation of health, at least to the prolonging of a life which had not yet passed its maturity. But a sense of duty predominating over the ties of kindred, and the claims of friendship, in- duced him to remain, where he became a sacrifice to a fever, which carried him off on the 10th of October, 1834, in the forty-seventh year of his age.
It is not necessary that I should take up the time of the Society in a detail of Mr. Say’s various writings; I shall, therefore, confine myself to a few remarks upon the general character of them, in order that those of our members, who are not naturalists, may be enabled, to form some idea of their nature and importance.
His principal work, entitled “American Entomology,’ is
MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. xili.
the most beautiful publication of the kind which has ever been issued from the American press, It is illustrated with well executed plates, coloured from nature ; which plates, in conjunction with the descriptions, leave nothing to be de- sired on the score of certainty as regards species. ‘The publisher of this work, at whose request it was undertaken, Mr. Samuel Augustus Mitchell, was resolved that no exer- tion should be spared, on his part, to render the book as ac- ceptable to the lovers of the fine arts, as useful to the student of nature; and that he fully succeeded will not admit of a doubt. The author, delighted that his labours should be presented to the public in so attractive a garb, felt himself stimulated to extraordinary exertions ; hence, the American Entomology may be considered as a fair specimen of Mr. Say’s talents as a writer and as a naturalist. This work, published in Philadelphia, was advanced no farther than the second volume, at the time of the author’s departure for Indiana. One more volume, three years afterwards, ap- peared, and the publication was stopped. Whether this termination arose from the difficulty of conferring with the author, in matters which required his presence and frequent communication, or from the want of the patronage of the public, I am unable to determine ; but I am induced to be- lieve that both these causes conspired to frustrate the com- pletion of a work, which may be advantageously compared with those of a similar nature which have been produced in other countries.
His “ American Conchology,” only six numbers of which had been issued at the date of his death, was printed and published at New Harmony. From the knowledge and skill of Mr. Say’s intelligent wife, in natural history draw- ing, he derived no small advantage, as all the illustrations were the product of her pencil; we, consequently, are in- debted to her taste for the only attraction which the work possesses—the plates; for I am sorry to be compelled to add, that the paper and letter-press are a disgrace to the arts of our country. A book possessing such repulsive cha-
xiv. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY.
racters could hardly hope for general encouragement; more especially as works merely conchological, that is, without a history and description of the singular animals which form and inhabit the shells, can have little claim to the favour of the public, except what is derived from their extrinsic quali- ties. . Of our author’s numerous Papers, which are recorded in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, the Trans- actions of the American Philosophical Society, and some scientific periodicals, a variety of opinions are entertained ; some persons maintaining that, as they are chiefly descriptive, more care ought to have been exercised in discriminating character ; especially as, from the want of plates, the insuf- ficiency of our author’s technical phraseology may lead to confusion or doubt. That there is much uncertainty in some of his descriptions of Insects, I was well assured by one whose judgment in these matters was of no small weight ;— the late learned French Entomologist, M. Latreille, one of the professors of the Museum of the Garden of Plants, at Paris; who, after expressing a high opinion of Mr. Say’s acquirements, added, that it was to be regretted his Papers had not been illustrated with plates, as there was ambiguity in some of his descriptions, which figures might tend to solve.*
The time which systematic descriptions of objects of natu-
*T am indebted to Dr. John L. LeConte for the following note :— Erichson, the greatest master of the new school of Entomology, does not coincide with Latreille, in the opinion above expressed, regarding the clearness of Say’s descriptions. In the Genera et Species Staphylinorum, preface, page vii., occurs the following remarkable encomium: ‘‘ Ver- borum copiam descriptiones nequaquam distinctiores reddere, Linnzi, Fabriciique et Iligeri exemplo liquet, brevitate vero neminem precellere video Sayum Americanum, qui descriptiones adeo edidit concisas, ut diagnoseos volumen vix superent, nihilominus adeo lucidas ut vix speciem quandam ab illo exhibitam unquam invenies dubiam. Sunt autem auctores quoque plurimi, simili describendi modo usi, illis tamen viris ingenio impares, qui descriptionibus abbreviatis species nonnisi dubias et obscuras provulgant.”? Higher commendation could be given to none and by none.
MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. XV.
ral history require, is much greater than what is commonly imagined; and the difficulty of accurately distinguishing specific characters is known only to those who are familiar with these matters. ‘‘ Specific characters,” says Wildenow, “‘to be perfect, must be common to no other of the genus.”’ It hence follows, that the describer’s knowledge must not only be positive but relative, as no one can define systemati- cally, without knowing what are the characteristics of other species of the same genus.
This difficulty was probably the cause of the want of technical precision above referred to; as from Mr. Say’s anxiety to prepare some of his papers for the press, in order to secure the honour of discovery, he did not allow himself that time in their composition which, from their nature, they required,
With respect to the literary part of Mr. Say’s labours, it has been conjectured that posterity will not award him that praise to which his talents and zeal should seem to entitle him. No natural historian can reasonably expect durable celebrity, without having established his reputation upon the foundation of polite learning. ‘The ponderous tomes of the elder naturalists of Europe, sought after, not for their intrinsic value, but for their rarity, lie neglected in some obscure nook of our libraries; their erudite authors, dis- daining a sacrifice to the Muses, received no inspiration from the sacred mount, and they are fast passing into ob- livion. Whereas Buffon, whose acquirements in some branches of natural history were so very slender, that many writers refuse to admit his authority, has, nevertheless, erected a monument to the glory of the French language more durable than brass or marble. Where is the English student who has not refreshed his mind with the graphical descriptions, and the chaste language, of the ‘Animated Nature” of Goldsmith, although it is well known that this illustrious writer had little knowledge of natural history, except what was derived from books.
Had our lamented friend not misemployed his youth, he
Xvi. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY.
might have acquired a taste for classical literature, which would not only have tended to increase his influence in so- ciety, but which would have furnished him with the means of usefulness, proportioned to the extent and variety of his acquirements in natural knowledge. But he appeared not to have been fully sensible of his deficiency until it was too late to supply it. As it is the nature of a favourite occupa- tion, long continued, to absorb the attention, to the exclu- sion of other pursuits, so Mr. Say’s passion for discoveries became so predominant, that any attempt to change his habits of thinking would have proved as vain as efforts to control the natural affections of his heart.
There are two classes of readers to whom the major part of writers on zoology, of the present day, address themselves: the reader for pastime, and the scientific naturalist. Now that it is possible to conciliate the good opinion of both these classes, is proved by the success of some publications of re- cent date, in which strict attention has been paid to nomen- clature, arrangement and definition, and in which the habits of the animals have been detailed with all the fidelity of truth, and in all the charms of diction.
That even in works on Entomology these two objects are not incompatible, the most indifferent observer of those insects, with which we are familiar, must be fully sensible of; for who that takes the pains to note the industry and economy of the honey-bee, or the patience and skill of spiders, will hesitate to confess, that lessons of wisdom may be derived from objects which our self love would fain induce us to consider as too insignificant for our regard!
The reason of Mr. Say’s having written so little of the habits and economy of the subjects of his papers, may be derived from the difficulty of expression, which all those ex- perience who are not familiar with the rules of language, and the practice of good writers. Many a valuable idea is suffered to lie dormant in the mind, forthe want of a suita- ble vehicle to communicate it. And, it may be added, not- withstanding the sneers of our modern pseudo-philosophers,
MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. XVli.
who affect to consider the time spent in the acquisition of words as worse than useless, that precisely in proportion to the augmentation of our vocabulary, and our phraseology, do we enlarge our stores of ideas, and acquire a facility in communicating them.
The aid which language affords, in the developement of ideas, has not been sufficiently attended to by those writers who have made the operations of the human mind the sub- ject of their meditations. ‘“ Rien ne marque mieux un esprit juste et droit,” says Voltaire, ‘que de s’exprimer claire- ment. Les expressions ne sont confuses que quand les idees le sont.” The practice of this great writer will convince us, that he who has a store oflanguage must be rich in ideas, and that that thought is seldom confused which can call to its aid a conformity of diction, or a facility of expression.
There is an opinion prevalent among the gross of readers, that clearness of phraseology demands no extraordinary ef- fort of the intellect ; and that if writers would be satisfied with clothing their thoughts in simple language, the labours of authorship would be greatly diminished. It would be a difficult matter to convince such thinkers, that the easy, graceful diction, which appears to flow spontaneously from the mind, is, in effect, one of its hardest attainments ; it is the result of continued application, under the control of taste and judgment: it is one of the noblest triumphs of art. One would suppose that Addison wrote his Spectators currente calamo, and that the Ramblers of Johnson were the purchase of toil and research; whereas the truth appears to be, that the former owe their perfection to the repeated labour of re- vision, and that the latter were the product of moments which neither admitted of reflection nor delay.
These observations, apparently out of place, will not be thought irrelevant to our subject when, we state that Mr. Say maintained the opinion above mentioned. That he was self-deceived, would be evident from a glance at his own writings ; for where he fancied his expression to be most clear, there frequently is the greatest obscurity ; and where
2
XVlil. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY.
he thought he was confining himself to a simple declaration of facts, the diction he employs is so turgid or pleonastic, that one would almost be tempted to believe he esteemed facts of less importance than the cadence of a period.*
During the latter part of Mr. Say’s residence in Phila- delphia, he had duties to perform besides those which ap- pertained to his own pursuits. Charles Lucien Bonaparte, Prince of Musignano, wishing to communicate to the public some observations on certain subjects of natural history, and critical remarks upon the Ornithology of Wilson, sought the assistance of Mr. Say, who cheerfully granted it; hence all those papers to which the name of Charles Bonaparte is at- tached, in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, were corrected and arranged for publication by Mr. Say ; whose task was troublesome, inasmuch as it is less difficult to compose entirely from materials furnished by another, than to place into form the crude language of one but par- tially acquainted with the idiom of our tongue. Mr. Say, also, was employed by the Prince of Musignano to prepare for the press his first volume of “ The Natural History of Birds inhabiting the United States,” im continuation of Wilson’s American Ornithology. This volume, subsequently, for reasons which need not be here stated, underwent the revision and correction of the late Dr. Godman.
The readiness with which Mr. Say attended to the wants of others, his liberality in communicating his knowledge to those who sought it, together with his urbanity and com- panionable qualities, were the occasion of such repeated in- terruptions, that he felt constrained to appropriate those hours to his private studies, which ought to have been de- voted to rest; hence to him the season of midnight was the hour of prime, it was the time of stillness and tranquillity ; and so greatly did he enjoy these vigils, that he not unfre- quently prolonged them, even during the summer, until the approach of day. Of this injudicious application to study
* See particularly American Entomology, Vol. I., article Blaps sutu- ralis, and Silliman’s Journal of Science, Vol. I., article Herpetology.
MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. Xx.
he soon became sensible, by the derangement of his digestive organs, which resulted in dysenteric affections, that, proba- bly, were the remote cause of the illness which carried him to the grave.
Another cause of indisposition, if not of disease, may have been those habits of rigid abstemiousness, to which Mr. Say addicted himself after his retirement to New Harmony. The maxim of Seneca, that ‘‘ We have a sufficiency when we have what nature requires,’ how just soever in itself, may, nevertheless, lead to harm, if we fail to inquire what are the requisitions of nature, and if we neglect to supply them. ‘That the abstinence of Mr. Say, and his prototype, Mr. Maclure, was carried to an injurious excess, we may safely infer from the fact, that the expenditure for the daily food of each, for a considerable time, amounted to no more than the sum of six cents.*
Although on the score of Mr. Say’s literary acquirements there may be a diversity of opinion, yet there can be but one sentiment with regard to his industry, his zeal, and the extent of his knowledge of natural history, particularly of that class of zoology to which he was most attached, Kn- tomology. His discoveries of new species of insects were, perhaps, greater than ever had been made by a single in- dividual, and it is to be regretted that many of them yet remain in his cabinet undescribed. ‘The naturalists of Europe, fully sensible of his rare qualifications, were not
* This singular fact I had from Mr. Maclure’s own letters. The folly of some men, reputed philosophers, is sometimes very striking. Seneca maintained that a little bread and water was all that nature required ; as to clothes and lodging, says he, we may cover ourselves with the skins of beasts, and with afew oziers and a little clay we may defend ourselves against the vicissitudes of the weather. But did this illus- trious moralist exemplify his own precepts? Hear him: ‘‘ If I do not live as I preach, take notice, that I do not speak of myself, but of vir- tue.”? Of what utility is theory without practice? On this head our New Harmony philosophers were more consistent than the preceptor of Nero, for they really enforced their own doctrines by their example.
+ This cabinet has been since entirely destroyed.
xX. MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY.
backward in acknowledging his merits, for we find his name in the noble list of Foreign Members of the Linnean Society of London, and that of the Zoological Society of the same capital; an enviable distinction, which our countryman must have justly valued, when he reflected that the former is re- stricted to the number of fifty, and the latter to five-and- twenty.
We have merely noted, in a cursory way, Mr. Say’s in- dustry and zeal; details would be superfluous, as the variety and extent of his labours amply testify to these points.
Of his moral character we are now to speak, but so many delightful recollections rush forward at once, that we hardly know which has the claim to precedence. Those who had the best opportunities of knowing him, his venerable mother,* and his affectionate sister, speak in such unqualified terms of his domestic virtues, that his value as a son and a brother must have heen beyond all eulogy. His disposition was so truly amiable, his manners were so bland and conciliating, that no one, after having once formed his acquaintance, could cease to esteem him. A remarkable feature in his character was his modesty, which, leading to habits of retirement, in some respects unfitted him for the intercourse of society, ex- eept that of his private friends, where, it may be said, he was truly at home, and where he was the idol of every heart.
A. diffidence of his own powers was a perpetual barrier to advancement in life, as it is known that he declined a pro- fessorship of natural history, offered him by the trustees of one of our learned institutions, on the score of his supposed inability to lecture in an acceptable manner. And on the death of Dr. Baldwin, the botanist and historian to Major Long’s first expedition, Mr. Say refused the situation of Journalist, offered to him by the commander, alleging his want of qualification for that responsible employment. This distrust of his own acquirements led, in some instances, to
* This respectable old lady, who died not long after the delivery of this discourse, was Mr. Say’s step-mother.
MEMOIR OF THOMAS SAY. XXxl,
beneficial results, as, being always open to-conviction, he readily yielded to the advice of those of his friends in whose judgment, in literary matters, he placed reliance.
Conscious of rectitude himself, ingenuous and sincere, whenever he fancied he perceived either artifice or dissimu- lation in any person, his aversion was prompt and decisive ; and yet, in that useful talent which enables one readily to discriminate human character, that tact by which we can read the soul, as it were, in the countenance, he was so singularly deficient, that the most barefaced impostor, with a knowledge of the bias of his mind, would find no difficulty in securing his confidence.
This imperfect sketch of our deceased member would be wanting in two essential particulars, were I to omit a di’- tinct enforcement of his integrity, and his love of veracity. These noble virtues, indispensable in every condition of hu- man life, especially to those who devote themselves to the study of nature, were so firmly established within his mind, so entirely did they control his actions, that, with all those who had the happiness of his acquaintance, the name of Thomas Say was synonymous with honour, and his word the expression of truth.
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PREFACE TO AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.*
The author’s design, in the present work, is to exemplify the genera and species of the insects of the United States, by means of colored engravings. He enters upon the task without any expectation of pecuniary remuneration, and fully aware of the many obstacles by which he must inevita- bly be opposed.
The graphic execution of the work will exhibit the present state of the arts in this country, as applied to this particular department of natural science, as no attention will be want- ing, in this respect, to render the work worthy of the en- couragement of the few who have devoted a portion of their attention to animated nature.
To such persons, as well as to those whose information is sufficiently comprehensive to enable them duly to appreciate the various departments of human knowledge, this book is nore especially addressed; and the author would happily profit by their friendly co-operation in the correction of any errors that may appear, in the enunciation of new facts in the manners and economy of insects, or in the addition of species and localities.
It is not possible, in the present state of our collections, to publish all the species in regular systematic succession ; and the Entomologist will therefore observe, that although the specimens are somewhat indiscriminately described and
*The dedication of this work is as follows: To Wim.1AmM Macture, President of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and of the American Geological Society, Member of the American Philosophical Society, &c. &c,, distinguished as a successful cultivator, and munificent patron, of the Natural Sciences, this work is respectfully inscribed, by his much obliged and most obedient servant, Tue AUTHOR.
XXIV. PREFACE TO AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
figured, yet care has been taken that species of different genera be not represented in the same plate. The pages are not numbered, and the enumeration of the plates, which is on the inferior margin of the impression, is referred to beneath the text. This arrangement will admit of the work being bound up, when completed, agreeably to systematic order in the successsion of genera, without any apparent confusion of numerals.
In order that the descriptions may be understood by those who are not conversant with the science, we subjoin an ex- planation of the technical terms used in Entomology, illus- trated by elementary plates.
Six plates of the present volume, together with their ac- companying text, were printed off in the year 1817, but as they were never properly published, it has been thought advisable to include them in the present work.
With these preliminary notices, the first volume of the American Entomology is submitted to the patrons of science ; and whatever may be its merits or its defects, we must ob- serve, that it is the first attempt of its kind in this country. It is an enterprise that may be compared to that of a pioneer or early settler in a strange land, whose office it is to be- come acquainted with the various productions exhibited to his view, in order to select such as may be beneficial, either as re- gards his physical gratification, or his moral improvement, and in order to counteract the effects of others that may have a tendency to limit his prosperity. From the novelty of the surrounding objects, or the imperfection of his im- plements, it is vain to suppose that his selection would be unerring, or his system of culture invariably judicious. But unabating industry and zeal remove obstacles that for ever bar the advance of indolence or timidity; and if our utmost exertions can perform only a part of a projected task, they may, at the same time, claim the praise due to the adventurous pioneer, of removing the difficulties in favor of our successors.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
PAPILIO. Prats I.
Generic Character. Antenne terminating in a conic-ovate or elongate-ovate, somewhat arquated club; palpi pressed closely to the front, hardly reaching the clypeus, the terminal joint obsolete or very minute; feet all formed for walking, armed with simple claws at tip; superior wings somewhat falcate; inferior wings often tailed at tip, and on the inner margin excised or folded to admit of the free motion of the abdomen.
Obs. The Caterpillars in this genus are destitute of a hairy or spiny armature; but, when disturbed, they suddenly project from the anterior and superior part of the neck a soft bifid append- age, which diffuses a strong odor. This singular organ, although somewhat formidable in appearance, is yet perfectly harmless ; it may, however, serve the purpose of repelling the enemies of the larva, rather, perhaps, by the odor it emits, than by its me- nacing aspect.
The pupz or chrysalids are, for the most part, of an angu- lated form, with two processes or lobes before; they are secured in an upright position by a silken thread, which passes transversely around the body.
The perfect insects are considered by many observers as the most beautiful part of the creation.
PAPILIO PHILENOR Fabr.— Specific character. Wings tailed, ereen-black ; posterior pair green, polished, with seven fulvyous subocellar spots beneath. .
Papilio Astinous Drury, vol. i. tab. 11, fig. 1, 4. Cramer, Ins. tab. 208, fig. A, B.
P. Philenor Fabricius, and of Smith and Abbot’s Insects of Georgia.
Desc. Head black; eyes red-brown, posterior orbits yellow;
2, AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
palpi yellowish before ; a white dot behind the base of each an- tenna; neck with two dots before, and a band of four dots be- hind.
Thorax black, immaculate; breast dotted with yellow; feet black, anterior trochanters with an obsolete yellow dot; superior wings dark green, sometimes blackish, with whitish crenze ; four or five white spots on the margin, more conspicuous beneath, often obsolete above ; inferior wings highly polished, green; six pearl-white spots before the margin ; crenze white ; beneath with a yellow spot at base, brownish, with a very broad polished green border, upon which are seven large fulvous spots, each surrounded by a black ring, and marked by a lateral white spot; on the in- ner edge about six small white dots.
Abdomen green, a little brassy above; a lateral double row of whitish dots; first segment with a single larger spot conspicuous above.
Female larger, color of the wings brown, with cupreous re- flections.
The Philenor is one of the most beautiful of our butterflies, and is, at the same time, very common.
The plate represents the male in two positions.
STIZUS. Puate II.
Generic character. Thorax with the first segment transverse linear ; feet short or moderately long ; labrum entirely exserted, short, semicircular: palpi filiform, maxillary ones longer, six- jointed ; labial palpi four-jointed: ocelli very distinct: superior wings not folded longitudinally: radial cellule one, elongated ; cubital cellules three, the second narrowed before, and receiving the two recurrent nervures; the third not attaining to the end of the wing.
Obs. Latreille formed this genus for the reception of many species of the tribe Bembecides, distinguished by the above re- cited characters. These species had previously been placed in the genus Bembex by Fabricius and Olivier, in that of Crabro by Rossi and Fabricius, in Larra by Illiger and Fabricius, in Sphea by Villers, in Meliinus by Panzer, in Liris and Scolia by Fabri- cius, and by Latreille, in his earlier works, in Monedula.
Of all the genera which form the order Hymenoptera, the pre- sent genus is the most closely allied to those of Monedula and
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 8
Bembex, in the general appearance of the insects of which it is composed, as well as in the distribution of the nervures of their wings. This affinity is so striking in many species of these groups, that it becomes necessary to inspect the form of the la- brum, in order to decide upon their respective appropriate genus. A very remarkable difference is observable in this organ, which in those genera, is much elongated and triangular, but in S¢izus, it is short and semiorbicular. Nearly all the species have three spines at the extremity of the abdomen, as in the genus WScolia, but they cannot be considered as Scoliz, as their eyes are entire, and the form and number of the wing cellules are altogether dif- ferent.
Srizus G@RANDIS.—Specific character. Segments of the ab- domen, each with a yellow band, and lateral blackish spot.
Stizus grandis nobis, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. ii. eT
Desc. Antennze black, the three basal joints rufous; front and labrum yellowish; thorax with a yellowish spot on the anterior angle, and first segment margined with yellowish ; scutel ferrugi- nous; wings ferruginous, dusky at tip; feet ferruginous ; tergum ferruginous, each segment with a yellow band, and lateral, black- ish, oblique, sublinear spot; venter with an obsolete margin on the second segment, and obsolete lateral triangles on the remain- ing segments, yellowish.
Male. Head, thorax, base of the three or four terminal, and of the abdominal segments, and beneath, black ; bands of the abdo- men uninterrupted ; lateral spot of the first band obsolete or wanting ; anal spines none. Length to the tip of the wings, one inch and a fifth. :
Female. Ferruginous; basal band of the abdomen, and some- times the second and third bands, interrupted in the middle ; lateral spot of the first abdominal band very oblique. Length to the tip of the wings, one inch and three fifths.
Obs. This remarkably fine and new species is very distinct from the speciosus of Drury, and is somewhat larger than that com- mon insect. When descending along the bank of the Arkansa river, with a detachment of Major Long’s exploring party, I had frequent opportunities of observing this species. It generally occurred upon flowers, in company with many other interesting Hymenopterous insects. It is highly probable, that, like the
4. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
speciosus, the grandis nidificates in the earth, and feeds its larvee with the dead bodies of Cicade.
The speciosus, grandis, and a few other large species, ought to constitute a distinct division in this genus, distinguished by the want of spines at the tail of the male.
The upper figure represents the female, and the lower left figure the male, both of the natural size.
Srizus unrcrncrus.—Specijic character. Black, opaque ; ab- domen polished, with a rufous band above; wings dark violace- ous.
Stizus unicinctus nobis, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. i. Posie
Obs. A broad, bright rufous band occupies the basal half of the second segment of the tergum. The wings are blackish-vio- laceous, and the anal spines are prominent. The length of the male is half an inch.
This species occurred on the banks of the Arkansa river, in company with the preceding insect.
The lower right figure magnified, and beneath is an outline showing the natural size.
LYTTA. Puate III.
Generic character. Tarsi entire; nails bifid: head not pro- duced into a rostrum ; elytra flexible, covering the whole abdomen, linear, semicylindric ; wings perfect; maxillze with two membra- naceous lacinie, the external one acute within, subuncinate ; an- tenne longer than the head and thorax, rectilinear; first joint longest, the second transverse, very short: maxillary palpi larger at tip.
Obs. To this group of insects belongs the celebrated “ Spanish fly,” distinguished in the healing art for its vesicating virtue. The species were placed by Linné in his genus Me/loe ; Geoffroy, Degeer, Olivier, Lamarck, Latreille, and Leach, distinguished them by the name of Cantharis; and Fabricius, Marsham, and Dejean, apply the designation I have adopted.
The larve live in the earth, and the perfect insect is often gregarious, feeding on leaves.
It is highly probable that all, or nearly all, of the North American species, are endowed with the same properties that have so long rendered the Z. vesicatoria almost indispensable to
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 5
the practice of medicine; and it is certain that a sufficient quan- tity may be collected in the United States to supply the demand of the shops, to the complete exclusion of the foreign insect.
Lyrra NurraLit.—WNSpecific character. Bright green, varied with golden; elytra golden purple; feet black, thighs blue, tro- chanters armed with a spine.
LL. Nuttalli nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 300.
Desc. Body glabrous: head deep greenish, varied with golden ; front punctured, subimpressed, and with a small rufous spot; antenne robust, surpassing the base of the thorax, black, opaque : joints turbinate, approaching to moniliform, the margin of the tip rounded ; second joint two-thirds the length of the third; termi- nal joints largest near the middle, and rapidly attenuated to an acute tip: eyes oblong-oval, emarginate: palpi black: clypeus and labrum obscure: thorax golden-green, polished, with un- equal, minute, sparse punctures : a longitudinal, dorsal, impressed line, and a transverse basal one; base bluish, anterior angles prominent: scutel blue, obtuse behind: elytra red, or golden- purple, somewhat rugose: two indistinct elevated lines on the disk, and a submarginal one: beneath green, polished: feet black ; thighs beneath blue or purplish; trochanters armed with a conic spine near the inner base, obsolete or wanting in the female.
Obs. This noble species, which in magnitude and splendor surpasses the far-famed vesicatoria, has, I understand, been labelled in a British cabinet with the name which I have here adopted, in honor of Mr. Thomas Nuttall, who discovered it.
Although this insect certainly belongs to this genus, yet the proportional length, of the second and third joints of the antenne, is somewhat similar to that of the genus Zonitis, as defined by Latreille in the Regne Animal. In common with several other American species, the antennze increase a little in thickness to- wards the tip, but are much shorter than in Zonitis. These cha- racters, combined with the form of the terminal joint, seem to prove a close alliance with the genus My/abris, but the antennz are not arquated at tip, and are of a more considerable length ; the habit also differs, the form of the body being more elongated. The species, then, possessing the form of antennze above noted,
6 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
seem to have the habit of Zytta, combined with a form of antennz allied to that of Mylabris.
They cannot be referred to Zonitis, as the palpi are not filiform, and the habit does not agree.
The Nuttallii seems to be limited to the western region. In company with Major Long, I observed it, for the first time, near the base of the Rocky Mountains. A very numerous flock had there taken possession of the few diminutive bushes that occurred within the space of a hundred yards, every spray of which was burdened with their numbers. After passing this limited dis- trict, not an individual was seen during the remainder of our journey. On the recent expedition of the same officer to the river St. Peter, I obtained but a single specimen, which was found one evening at an encampment in the North West Territory.
The upper left figure, natural size.
Specific character. Black, covered with
LyTTA ALBIDA. dense whitish hair. L. albida nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 805.
Desc. Body black, entirely covered by dense, short, prostrate greenish or yellowish-white hairs; head with a longitudinal im- pressed line; antenne subglabrous; first and second joints rufous, the latter nearly equal in length to the third joint; cly- peus, labrum, and palpi pale rufous ; tarsi black.
Obs. Another remarkably fine species, which I discovered within about a hundred miles of the Rocky Mountains, during the progress of Major Long’s expedition over that vast desert. It appeared to be feeding upon the scanty grass, in a situation from which the eye could not rest upon a tree, or even a humble shrub, throughout the entire range of its vision, to interrupt the uniformity of a far outspreading, gently undulated surface, that, like the ocean, presented an equal horizon in every direction,
The upper right figure natural size.
LytTa MACULATA.—WSpecific character. Black, covered with cinereous hair; elytra spotted with black.
LL. maculata nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 598.
Desc. Body black, invested with cinereous, prostrate hairs ; head with an impressed, longitudinal line ; antennze, joints cylin- drical, and with the labrum and palpi glabrous: maxillary palpi much dilated at tip; eyes elongated, retuse behind the antenne
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. r(
and behind the insertion of the maxille; thorax subquadrate, narrower than the head, a longitudinal impressed line, and a trans- verse basal one; elytra with numerous orbicular, black dots, irregularly placed, sometimes confluent, and are the effect of the absence in those parts of the cinereous hair; tarsi, tips of the tibia and thighs glabrous.
Obs. This insect is much smaller than the preceding ones, and the spots of the elytra distinguish it in aremarkable manner. Numerous specimens were brought by Mr. Nuttall from Mis- souri.
The lower left figure; the line represents the natural length.
LYTTA SPHAIRICOLLIS.—Specific character. Dark green, tinged with brassy ; thorax rounded, convex.
LL. sphxricollis nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iii. p. 299.
Desc. Body glabrous, blackish-green, slightly tinged with brassy ; head punctured ; antennz robust, black, hardly attain- ing the base of the thorax ; joints short, conic, acute at the edge of the tip; second joint rufous, subglobular ; eyes oval, not elon- gated; labrum and palpi blackish; thorax subglobular, pune- tured, punctures sparse, not profound; elytra green, slightly tinged with olivaceous and brassy, somewhat rugose; two, rarely three, obsolete longitudinal lines on the disk, and another near the external margin ; beneath blackish-green.
Variety, a. Body green, destitute of the brassy tinge.
Variety, b. Head and thorax black ; elytra bluish.
Obs. This species is less robust than the preceding, and may be readily distinguished from others by the rounded thorax and very short antennz, the remaining characters of which latter agree with those of the Nuttall. Many specimens were brought from Missouri by Mr. Nuttall.
In a future volume of this work, we propose to give some ac- count of the American species of this genus, as related to medi- cine.
The lower right figure ; the line shows the natural length.
SCARABAUS. Prare IV.
Generic character. Antenne ten-jointed, the club composed of oblong-oval lamellee, which have an almost common insertion ; body ovoid, convex; mandibles with their external edge crenu-
8 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
lated ; maxille corneous, dentated; labrum entirely concealed ; palpi filiform.
Obs. The genus possessed of the above characters, retains the Linnean name of Scarabxus in the system of Latreille, and corresponds with the genus Greotrupes of Fabricius; whilst the genus Scarabxus of the latter author, is the same with Geotrupes of Latreille. Although, in the small portion of the present work, printed in the year 1817, I adopted the Fabrician desig- nation, yet, as Entomologists have generally chosen Latreille’s nomenclature in this respect, I have thought it necessary to ac- quiesce in their decision.
This genus comprehends some of the largest insects of the order Coleoptera, and, amongst others, the noble species known by the name of S. Hercules, of which the truly absurd story has been related of its clasping’a branch of a tree between the cor- neous projections of the head and thorax, and by flying around the limb thus included, finally succeeds in separating it from the tree ; and that the insect then becoming inebriated with the fluid that exudes from the wound, falls apparently lifeless to the ground.
ScaraBaus Tiryus Linn.—Specific character. Thorax three-horned, the lateral ones short, subulate; middle one bearded with yellow hair beneath, projected forwards, and bifid at tip; horn of the head recurved, submarginate on the back near the tip.
Scarab. Tityus Linn. Syst. Nat.
Amoenit. Acad. vol. vi. p. 391.4
Jablonsky Coleopt. p. 257, pl. 4, fig. 2.
Oliv. Ins. vol. i. p. 9, pl. 10, fig. 31, b. ¢. Palisot de Beauv. Ins. p. 137, pl. 1, c. fig. 4, 5.
Le Scarabé Tityus Ency. Meth. Ins. pl. 187, fig. 7.5
Geotrupes Tityus Fabr. Syst. Eleut. vol. i. p. 10.
Scarab. Hercules minor V oet. Coleopt. p. 24, pl. 12, fig. 99.
Scarab. marianus Linn. ?
Fabr. in his earlier works; omitted in his Syst. Eleut.
Obs. This insect is so extremely rare in Pennsylvania, that the late Rev. F. V. Melsheimer, the parent of Entomology in this country, and a very industrious collector, found but two in- dividuals in eighteen years. An instance has however occurred,
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 9
in which the appearance of a considerable number of them occa- sioned no little surprise in the neighborhood where they were discovered. A mile or two southward of Philadelphia, and near the river Delaware, an old cherry-tree was blown down by a violent current of wind, and my informant saw the remains of nu- merous individuals, in and about a cavity of the tree, laid open by the shock of its fall. That there might be no mistake as to the species, he exhibited the thorax of a male he had chosen from the mutilated fragments. ’
I think it highly probable that the 7%tyus is more especially a native of the Southern States, as my friend, Mr. J. Gilliams, presented me with several specimens in high perfection, collected by himself in Maryland; and from these, the drawings for the annexed plate were made.
The length of the male, exclusive of the horns, is two inches, and the greatest breadth one inch. In color it resembles the S. Hercules, being glaucous with brown spots, or brown with glau- cous spots. These spots vary considerably in size, figure, posi- tion and number, being sometimes confluent, and exhibiting a clouded appearance. The elytra of one specimen in my collec- tion are entirely chestnut-brown, immaculate, and the larger thoracic horn frequently occurs simple or undivided at tip, as exhibited in the figures given by Jablousky and Olivier; to the latter author we are indebted for a knowledge of the specific identity of the Tvtyus and marianus.
The female is generally somewhat smaller than the male, and unarmed, except a small tubercle on the head.
Tityus in the heathen mythology, was a gigantic son of Jupi- ter and Elara, whom Apollo killed for offering violence to his mother Latona.
The upper figure of the plate represents the male, and the lower the female. P
[This species belongs to the genus Dynastes M’Leay.—LeEc. ]
ACRYDIUM. Puate V.
Generic character. Thorax elongated behind, often longer than the abdomen ; elytra very small; pectus with a cavity for the reception of the inferior part of the head ; tarsi three-jointed, destitute of pulvilli; antenne thirteen or fourteen jointed, not half the length of the body ; oviduct not exserted ; posterior feet formed for leaping.
10 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Obs. This genus was established by Fabricius under the name which, with Thunberg, I have adopted. Linné included-the species in his genus Gryllus. Lamarck distinguished them by the name of Acheta, and Latreille by that of Tetrix. The species are nearly all small, and several are common. They may be very readily distinguished from “ grasshoppers” of other genera, by the remarkable elongation of the thorax, which is continued backward sc as to cover the abdomen wholly or in great part.
AcRYDIUM ORNATUM:—Specijic character. Whitish; beneath fuscous ; thorax nearly as long as the wings, spotted with black.
Desc. Head blackish ; vertex with an elevated longitudinal line, which extends down over the front where it is grooved, but this groove does not reach the acute ridge which divides the vertex from the front ; thorax flattened, somewhat granulated and whitish, laterally projecting a little over the origin of the heme- lytra, a slightly elevated longitudinal central line, and two abbre- viated oblique elevated lines near the head; a velvet black spot each side over the tip of the hemelytra: pleura, hemelytra and pectus black-brown.
Length to the tip of the wings, half an inch.
Obs. I am indebted to Mr. Lesueur for this interesting species, which he caught at Kaighn’s Point, in the vicinity of Philadel- phia. The insects of this genus vary much in their sculpture, size and color, which renders it difficult to distinguish the species, of which we seem to have several. In the above description I have purposely avoided a minute detail of colors and markings, noting such only as will probably prove to be permanent, or nearly so, and characteristic of the species.
The left hand figures of the plate; natural size and magnified.
ACRYDIUM LATERALE.— Specific character. Pale brownish- testaceous, with a lateral broad fuscous line; thorax shorter than the wings.
Desc. Vertex with an elevated longitudinal line, commencing near the tip, and extending down over the front, where it is canaliculate the whole length, and terminating beneath the an- tenne : antennz reddish-brown, blackish at tip : thorax flattened, with small longitudinal lines or wrinkles, and a more obvious, continuous, elevated central line, extending the whole length: wings brown on the anterior margin towards the tip, and extend-
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 11
ing at least the twentieth of an inch beyond the thorax: pleura with a dilated blackish-brown line or vitta, beginning at the eye, and including the abdomen above and on each side: feet brown, more or less annulated with pale: venter pale yellowish or testa- ceous.
Length to tip of wings, nine-twentieths of an inch.
Obs. I obtained this insect in Georgia and East Florida, where it is not uncommon.
The upper and right figures of the plate; natural size and magnified.
LAPHRIA. Ptate VI.
Generic characters. Body elongated; wings incumbent: an- tenn divaricating, approximate at base, three-jointed; third joint inarticulate, obtuse, and destitute of a style: front im- pressed: hypostoma with long rigid hairs: proboscis horizontal, short, without dilated labia: poisers naked : abdomen with seven segments: posterior tibia arquated: tarsi terminated by two nails and two pulvilli.
Obs. The genus Laphria, of Meigen, is perfectly well distin- guished from its neighboring groups by the above stated traits, and has received the approbation of all recent authors who are willing to keep pace with modern discoveries. The arrangement of the nervures of the wings, particularly of those of the anterior margin, is very similar to that of the wing nervures in the genus Asilus, as restricted by the same author; but the form of the antennee, in this case, at once decides the genus, those of Laphria being simple at their termination, whilst those of Asi/us are fur- nished with a very distinct, and generally elongated, setaceous style.
These insects fly swiftly, and the force with which the wings strike upon the air, produces a loud humming sound. They are predaceous, and pursue with voracity smaller and weaker insects, which they seize, and then alight to suck out their fluids. Many species inhabit the United States. Of these, the thoracicus of Fabricius, and another which I described under the name of ¢er- gissa, in consequence of the form of body and sounding flight, have been very frequently mistaken for humble-bees, (Bombus.)
The larvee live, probably, in the earth.
12 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
LAPHRIA FULVICAUDA.—Specific character. Black, with cinereous hair; wings blackish ; tergum fulvous at tip.
Laphria fulvicauda nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. lil. p. 53.
Desc. Body black, with long cinereous hair: head large, trans- verse ; eyes deep black: thorax varied with black and cinereous, and with short, black hair; two distinct, longitudinal, dorsal, black lines, with a more obvious cinereous band in the middle, which is interrupted by the dorsal lines ; two cinereous obsolete points each side behind: wings blackish: halteres pale at tip : abdomen depressed, above and beneath subglabrous, hairy each side ; the two terminal segments of the tergum with a common fulvous spot.
Length about three-fifths of an inch.
Obs. I obtained it at the settlement of Cote sans Dessein, on the Missouri river, during a short stay of Major Long’s exploring expedition at that place.
Lower right figure.
[This species has been called LZ. pyrrhacra by Wiedemann.— SACKEN. ]
LAPHRIA SERICEA.— Specific character. Above with golden- yellow hair ; thorax, beneath the hair, dark blue.
Laphria sericea nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 74.
Desc. Head black; hypostoma and gena with grayish hair, that of the former tinged with dull yellowish ; vertex and occiput with black hair: thorax dark blue, with golden-yellow hair, rather longer‘and somewhat more dense behind; a fringe of longer black hairs over the insertion of the wings: pleura black- ish ; a few long, pale hairs near the poisers: poisers pale : pectus and feet black, hairy ; hair of the former long; hair beneath the anterior and intermediate feet whitish: scutel dull chestnut : wings hyaline; nervures fuscous, broadly but faintly margined with yellowish-brown, as well as the inner edge: teregum dark chestnut-blue, thickly covered by golden-yellow, silky hair: anus black, naked: venter black-brown, nearly glabrous, with a few whitish hairs, the segments pale on their posterior margins : ab- domen cylindrical, depressed.
Length four-fifths of an inch.
Obs. The nervures of the wings are arranged like those of
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 13
LL. ephippium Fabry. Meig. It is an inhabitant of the United States generally.
Lower left figure. [This reference is evidently wrong, the upper figure is meant.—LEc. ]
LApHRIA poRSATA.—Specific character. Blue-black ; head and feet with cinereous hair; nervures of the wings widely mar- gined with fuscous.
Desc. Head black ; anterior orbits with a white line: mystax cinereous ; vibrissee black ; stethidium blue-black, with slight dark cinereous hair; wings, nervures widely margined with fus- cous, obscuring the anterior part of the wing, and leaving the middle of the cellules on the inner margin almost hyaline: feet black, tinged with purplish, and with cinerous hair: poisers blackish, paler at base: tergum blue-black, with a coppery or purple gloss.
Obs. It was taken near Philadelphia. The back of the abdo- men, although of a dark color, in a certain light reflects a brilliant coppery or purplish tint. The short nervure which terminates at the apex of the wing, is not only bifid at its origin, as in the albibarbis Meig., but the upper branch joins the nervure above, as well as the lower branch joins the nervure below.
Upper figure. (‘The lower left figure —Lec. ]
NEMOGNATHA. Puate VII.
Generic character. Antenne longer than the thorax, with the first and third joints nearly equal, the second a little shorter, terminal one fusiform, abruptly terminated by a short point; palpi filiform; maxilla very much elongated, filiform, curved ; elytra elongate, linear ; tarsi with entire joints.
Obs. This genus was formed by Illiger for the reception of such species of the Linnzean genus Meloe, as are distinguished by the remarkable and striking character of the elongated max- illa. Fabricius included them in his genus Zonitis. The max- illee of these insects have the closest analogy with the spiral trunk of the Lepidoptera, and every point of comparison induces the supposition that this organ is applied to the same uses. The species are found on flowers.
NEMOGNATHA IMMACULATA.—Specific character. _Lemon- yellow, immaculate ; elytra pale yellowish, with scattered punc-
14 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
tures ; maxillze not longer than the thorax, and with the antennze and palpi black.
Desc. Antenne black, basal joint pale testaceous; eyes, max- ill, palpi and tips of tarsi, black; elytra irregularly punctured, naked, polished.
Obs. It inhabits the plains of Missouri, and was captured by Mr. Thomas Nuttall, on a species of thistle (Carduus ;) I have since observed it in some plenty in the same locality. It seems to be allied to the Zonitis pallida of Fabricius, judging by his description of that insect.
The smaller figure of the plate denotes the natural size, and the figures beneath it exhibit magnified representations of some of the oral organs, &e.
Fig. 1. Antenna.
Mandible.
. Tongue and labium supporting the labial palpi.
. Labial palpus.
Maxilla with its palpus, verticillate with short hairs.
bo
or oo
XYLOTA. Prats VIII.
Generic character. Antennee three-jointed, inserted on a frontal elevation, nutant; third jomt suborbicular, compressed, with a naked seta placed behind the dorsal middle; ocelli three; pro- boscis with fleshy lips; hypostoma above impressed, near the mouth a little elevated, retuse and subtuberculated; posterior thighs dilated, spinous beneath ; onychii two; abdomen with five segments ; wings incumbent, parallel.
Obs. For this genus we are indebted to Meigen. Linné, Gme- lin, Degeer, Schrank, and others, referred the species to Musca ; Fabricius and Panzer to Syrphus and Milesia. In his Systema Antliatorum Fabricius, with Latreille and Fallén, included them in the genus Milesia ; and a few species were scattered in the genera Merodon, Scxva, Eristalis, and Thereva, by several authors.
The species are found on flowers, and the larva is supposed to inhabit decaying wood.
XYLOTA QUADRATA.—WSpecific character. Blackish; ter- gum with four dilated subequal ochraceous spots; posterior thighs with a prominent angle near the tip.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 15
Desc. Head golden-yellow, black at base of the antenne and in a line proceeding to the mouth ; hypostoma very slightly in- dented, carinated; antennze ochraceous; eyes chestnut; thorax dark brassy; with two cinereous lines confluent before, attenu- ated behind, and abbreviated behind the middle; an obsolete in- terrupted line each side over the wings; scutel on the posterior margin ochraceous ; pleura and pectus with a pale glaucous cover- ing; feet ochraceous, thighs black at base; posterior pair black- brassy, their thighs dilated, with spines beneath, placed irregu- larly ; a prominent projecting angle near the tip; tergum black ; basal segment on the lateral margin ochraceous; second segment with a large subquadrate ochraceous spot each side, approaching the middle, where it is longer than on the margin, posterior edge ochraceous ; third segment with also a large subquadrate ochra- ceous spot each side approaching the middle where it is longer than on the margin, it reaches the basal suture, posterior edge ochraceous ; fourth segment ochraceous at tip; venter yellowish- white, blackish at tip.
Obs. This specimen is a female, and was captured in Pennsyl- vania. By its form of body, and the character of the hypostoma, it approaches the genus Humerus Meig.
The upper right figure of the plate.
[This species belongs to the genus 7ropidia Meig.—SackEn. ]
XYLOTA EJUNCIDA.—Specijic character. Blackish; tergum with four semioval, subequal, ochraceous spots; posterior thighs rather slender, with two series of black spines beneath.
Desc. Head silvery ; antenne ochraceous ; eyes chestnut; tho- rax greenish-brassy, with a greyish spot on each side before ; poisers and scale whitish ; feet whitish, two last joints of the tarsi black; thighs piceous, with a slight brassy tinge, posterior pair not remarkably dilated, exterior series of spines nearly equal from near the base to the tip; posterior tibia piceous at tip; ter- gum black, with a slight tinge of green; basal segment polished, immaculate ; second and third segments each with a large semi- oval ochraceous spot on each side, approaching the middle and attaining to the lateral edges, but not reaching either the base or tip of the segment; fourth segment obscure, brassy, polished ; venter yellowish-white, black at tip.
Obs. The specimen is a male. I caught it on the banks of the St. John’s river, in East Florida, during a short visit to that
16 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
country, in company with Messrs. Maclure, Ord, and T. Peale. A specimen, in the collection of Mr. William W. Wood, was taken near Philadelphia.
The upper left figure.
XYLOTA PROXIMA.—Spcecific character. Blackish; tergum about six-spotted; posterior thighs dilated, with a large rufous spot on the middle.
Desc. Head yellowish-silvery; vertex black; antennz ochra- ceous; thorax blackish, two grey oblong-triangular spots on the anterior margin, connected with a lateral line that extends nearly to the origin of the wings; poiser and scale whitish; pleura and pectus silver-grey ; feet ochraceous; posterior thighs much di- lated, with a very distinct rufous spot each side, and another at base, posterior half of the inferior edge more prominent, spines extending from near the base to the tip ; posterior tibia blackish, rufous in the middle and at base; tergum black; first segment with an ochraceous lateral margin and basal edge; second seg- ment with a large semioval ochraceous spot each side; third seg- ment with a small transversely semioblong-oval ochraceous spot each side at base; fourth segment with a transverse pale ochra- ceous line each side at base, and posterior margin ; venter yellow- ish-white, blackish at tip.
Obs. Very common in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, on flowers. I obtained a variety in Virginia, of which the spots of the tergum are grayish-glaucous. The two sexes are similar in color.
It is closely allied to Syrphus pipiens of Fabricius; but the posterior thighs of that species, if we may rely upon Panzer’s figure, are widest in the middle, whereas in this species they are widest near the tip, and the rufous band is on the inside as well as on the exterior side.
The lower left figure.
[This species is a Syritta, and seems identical with the Euro- pean S. pipiens Linn.—Sacken. |
XYLOTA HAMATODES.—Specijic character. Brassy-black ; ab-
domen rufous; wings fuliginous. Milesia heematodes, Fabr. Syst. Antl. p. 193. Dese. Head black-brown; hypostoma and front, in a certain
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. V7
light, silvery ; vertex polished ; thorax brassy-black ; humerus, in a certain light, silvery : scutel, color of the thorax ; wings fuligi- nous; pleura and pectus nearly black, polished; feet, anterior pairs tinged with brownish; posterior thighs much dilated, im- maculate, spines short; tergum bright rufous, basal segment with a longitudinal black line at base ; venter paler rufous.
Obs. A native of the Southern States. I obtained two speci- mens in Kast Florida, one of which is represented on the annexed plate. It was first described by Fabricius, in his Systema Ant- liatorum, from the collection of M. Bosc, but no figure has been hitherto given of it.
The lower right figure.
CALANDRA. Prats IX.
Generic character. Body elliptic-oval, above somewhat de- pressed; eyes immersed, oblong, encircling the head beneath: antenne geniculated, inserted at the base of the rostrum ; rostrum dilated at the insertion of the antennz ; elytra plain, not cover- ing the anus above; anus acutely prominent; tarsi reflected to the inner side of the tibia.
Obs. Such of the individuals, as were known to Linné, of al- most the whole of the vast tribe of insects now distinguished from the other tribes by the name of Curculionides, were included by that author in his single genus Curculio. So extremely numerous were the species, thus combined together, as to offer a very serious inconvenience to Entomologists. They soon per- ceived that the continual accessions of species, resulting either from the more critical and accurate observations of numerous in- vestigators, or from the contributions of those who were occupied in the adventurous task of exploring remote and unknown re- gions, had so far augmented the obstacles already existing, that the hand of reformation became absolutely necessary. Accord- ingly Olivier, Herbst, Fabricius, Latreille, Germar, Megerle, and other distinguished systematists, undertook to separate the Linnzan genus Cwrculio into numerous smaller assemblages, and thus to bring this part of the system into a more intimate allianee with the order observed by nature in the distribution of species.
The labors of these naturalists eventuated in the construction of more than one hundred additional genera, but the characters
9
-~
18 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
of many of these genera appear to be too obscure, and of others not sufficiently important to justify their collective adoption. By far the greater portion of them, however, will probably tend to the elucidation of this difficult part of the system, and amongst these may be’ ranked the genus Calandra of Clairville, distin- guished by obvious and striking traits.
The history of many species of this group is highly interesting and important, and we propose to represent, in a future volume, those that are so destructive to the wheat, rice, and maize.
[The species here described belong to the genus Sphen- ophorus Sch.—L«xc.]
CALANDRA TREDECIM-PUNCTATA.—Specijic character. Above saneuineous ; five spots on the thorax, four on each elytrum, and seutel, black ; head and all beneath black. Rynchophorus tredecim-punctatus Herbst. vol. vi. p. 10, pl. 60, fig. 5.
Calandra cribraria Fabr. Syst. Eleut. part 2, p. 434.
Curculio tredecim-punctatus Melsheimer’s Catalogue, p. 28. No. 597.
Desc. Body punctured, beneath black, with a cinereous shade in a particular light, and with numerous large punctures; head black ; rostrum, dilated portion not longer than broad, but more dilated at tip, and with an impressed longitudinal line; thorax sanguineous, with five black spots, of which two are orbicular, and placed on each side, and one is central, fusiform, sometimes rounded ; scutel black ; elytra sanguineous, with punctured striz, interstitial lines flat, with dilated punctures; four black spots on each elytrum, placed 1, 2, 1, the latter largest.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch, exclusive of the rostrum.
Obs. We introduce this familiar insect, and a variety of it, chiefly for the sake of comparison with another species, which has many characters in common with it. <A slight inspection of the plate will, however, at once disclose the differences by which we will always be enabled to distinguish them from each other.
The tredecim-punctata, which does not appear to be injurious to any useful plant, may be found in considerable numbers on the milk-weed, or wild cotton (Asclepias syriaca), which is very com- mon in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, growing on the banks of streams of water. The insect seems to be a pretty general
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 19.
inhabitant of the United States; I have found it in Missouri, Arkansa, and the North West Territory, as well as in Pennsyl- vania.
Lower right figure: the line represents the natural size, with a lateral enlarged view of the head.
CALANDRA TREDECIM-PUNCTATA, Var. Desc. Body punc- tured; beneath black, with a cinereous shade in a particular light, and with numerous large punctures; head black; rostrum, dilated portion longer than broad, but more dilated at tip, and with a deeply impressed puncture at its base above: thorax san- guineous, with five black spots, of which two are placed on each side, the posterior one larger and generally oblique, and one is central fusiform: scutel black: elytra sanguineous, with punc- tured striz; interstitial lines flat, with dilated punctures; two small marginal spots; a large common transverse spot on the middle, and a common tip consisting of about one-third of the length of the elytra, black.
The spots of the elytra appear at first view to be formed and located differently in this from those of the preceding, yet by dilating the two central elytral spots of the preceding insect trans- versely, and enlarging the posterior spots in a posterior and transverse direction, we shall be able to exhibit an arrangement precisely comforable to that of the present variety.
The spots of the elytra in this variety are subject to some variations ; the transverse spot on the middle of the elytra is divided into two on one of my specimens; the posterior common spot is subcordate, being much narrowed behind in another, and in’a third is a black spot on each elytrum, insulated from the com- mon terminal spot which is much narrowed.
This insect is a native of Missouri and Arkansa, as well as of the Atlantic States.
The lower left figure ; the natural size is represented by a line, above which is an enlarged view of the head.
CALANDRA QUINQUE-PUNCTATA.—Specific character. Black ; thorax sanguineous, with five black spots; elytra with a sanguine- ous exterior submargin.
Desc. Body punctured, beneath black, with a very slight cincereous reflection in a particular light: rostrum, dilated por- tion longer then broad, but wider at tip, and with a deeply im-
20 . AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
pressed puncture at base above: thorax sanguineous, with five black spots, of which two are on each side, the posterior one larger, oblique, and generally confluent along the basal margin with the opposite basal spot, the central spot is dilated and elon- gated, fusiform : scutel black : elytra black, with punctured strize ; interstitial lines flat, punctured, penultimate lateral one and ulti- mate one at base sanguineous: thighs with a dull sanguineons spot on the middle, obsolete on the posterior pair.
Size of the preceding.
I observed this species to be very abundant on the Southern Sea Islands of Georgia; many specimens also occurred in Hast Florida, but I cannot learn that it has ever been taken further north than that State, neither does it seem to inhabit the western region.
The upper right figure ; the natural size is exhibited by a line, above which is an enlarged representation of the head.
CALANDRA COMPRESSIROSTRA.—Specific character. Castane- ous black; rostrum compressed; a profound frontal puncture ; thorax with two punctured lines converging to the scutel.
Calandra compressirostra nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, VOW. paolo.
Desc. Body dark chestnut-brown, passing into blackish: head with small distant punctures, larger ones on the base of the rostrum, which decrease in size to the tip; a profoundly impressed large puncture between the eyes: rostrum very much compressed, acutely carinate above: antennz at the tip rufous: thorax with larger punctures on the side, on the anterior impressed submargin and on two indented lines which originate each side of the middle and converge to the suture: elytra with crenate striz ; interstitial lines each with a series of punctures: tibia with a very robust obtuse spine and sete below the anterior middle.
Obs. This singular species occurred near the Rocky Mountains, on the banks of the Arkansaw river. It is widely distinct from either of the preceding species, as well by the much compressed form of the rostrum, as by the more obvious dissimilarity of color.
The upper left figure ; the natural size is represented by a line, and an enlarged view of the head and part of the thorax is added.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. AL
ANTHICUS. Puate X.
Generic character. Antenne with conic joints, the second and third nearly equal, terminal one ovate-oblong; labial palpi ter- minated by a small truncate joint; thorax subcordate, often strangulated near the middle ; penultimate tarsal joints bilobate ; nails simple. -
Obs. The type of the insects which now constitute the genus Anthicus of Fabricius, was included by Linné in that of Afeloc, by Geoffroy, Olivier and [lliger in that of MNotoaus, and by Mar- sham in that of Lytta. I formerly adopted Geoffroy’s designa- tion, but that name has since been adopted by European natural- ists for a very different species of insects.
[These species belong to notoxus, as now restricted.—LEc. ]
ANTHICUS BICOLOR.—Specijic character. Blackish, thorax with a projecting horn, and with the feet testaceous, immaculate.
Desc. Head very dark testaceous ; front and vertex covered by short incumbent hair of a silky lustre; eyes black; thorax testa- ceous, immaculate ; horn obtusely dentate each, side, and some- what bicarinate above; scutel small, black; elytra purplish- black; breast and abdomen testaceous, sericeous; body with short incumbent hair; feet naked.
Obs. In the forests of New Jersey, I have found this little in- sect in the month of June, on the leaves of the hickory (Juglans tomentosa Michaux), and of some other plants. The Rev. John F. Melsheimer, an able Entomologist, informed me that he ob- tained many specimens from the garden carrot. This species is allied to the Notoxus serricornis of Panzer, fascicle 32, pl. 17.
The upper figures of the plate, of which the smaller one indi- cates the natural size.
ANTHICUS MONODON -Fabr.— Specific character. Testaceous ; elytra with a black band and spots.
Anthicus monodon Fabr. Syst. Eleut. i, p. 289.
Desc. Body above hairy; head with the vertex silky; eyes fuscous ; thorax with a lateral obscure spot; horn obtusely den- tate each side; scutel small; elytra with a black band on the middle ; each marked by two black spots at the base, of which one is near the scutel, and the other on the humerus; a black obsolete one near the tip; abdomen silky.
to bo
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Obs. Not uncommon. I have found it in June, on the oak and other forest trees; it very much resembles Anthicus mono- ceros, of which Marsham observes, “Thorax recta antrorsum exiens in cornu nigricans ultra caput extensum, unde veré mon- strosa et insectis insolita facies.” A. monodon was first described by Fabricius, but it has not been hitherto figured.
Lower figures, of which the smaller indicates the natural size.
SYRPHUS. Puatre XI.
Generic character. Antennz separate at base, shorter than the head, advanced, nutant, triarticulate; third joint orbicular or oval, compressed, with a seta near the dorsal base ; hypostoma tuberculated, but not very remarkably prominent; feet simple and slender ; wings incumbent parallel, central transverse nervure placed almost perpendicularly.
Obs. This genus was included by Linné in his comprehensive genus Musca. In the Systema Antliatorum, Fabricius con- structed a separate genus under the name of Sczva, for the re- ception of many insects that he had formerly placed in his genus Syrphus. But it is now ascertained that nearly or quite all the species retained in the latter belong to other genera, and par- ticularly to those of Volucella and Sericomyia. The name Syr- phus being therefore disengaged, has been very properly restored to its old species, and, as far as I can learn, the name of Sceva is rejected by Meigen. Consequently, the nine new species which I described in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences (vol. 11. p. 88,) under the name of Scxva, must now be consi- dered as belonging to the genus Syrphus. As it now stands, this genus is Closely allied to Milesia. Not one of our numerous spe- cies was known to Fabricius.
The larvee feed on Aphides or Plant-lice; the body is in the shape of an unequal cone, large behind, attenuated to a point be- fore, and destitute of distinct feet. In order to suck out the Juices of their victims, they raise it from the surface of the plant on which they rest. When about to enter the pupa state, they attach themselves by a glutinous secretion toa fixed object, the body contracts, and the anterior portion, which was previously attenuated, becomes the most dilated part.
SYRPHUS CYLINDRICUS.—WSpecific character. Blackish, va-
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 23
ried with yellow; abdomen, excepting the base of the tergum, yellow-ferruginous.
Desc.—Male. Head yellowish-white, somewhat silvery, pol- ished ; antennze more deeply tinged with yellow ; tubercle of the hypostoma a little dusky at tip; eyes chestnut; thorax. dark greenish-olivaceous, spot before the wings and scutel, yellow; pleura black with yellow spots; pectus black; feet, including the coxa, pale yellow; tergum yellowish-ferruginous ; first seg- ment and base of the second black; tip of the second segment either dull ferruginous or blackish ; third segment dull yellow, somewhat ferruginous at base and tip; venter yellow at base, fer- ruginous towards the tip.
Obs. I have seen but two specimens, which are both males, taken near Philadelphia. In form of body it resembles the WS. scalaris, Fabr., and tzniatus, Meig., of Europe.
The upper figure of the plate.
[Belongs to the genus Sphxrophoria Macq.—SackEn. |
SYRPHUS oBSscURUS.— Specific character. Blackish-green ; tergum with lateral full cupreous triangles.
Desc.—Male. Head metallic black, tinged with green ; antenna, third joint dull testaceous ; stethidium entirely blackish-green, polished, immaculate ; feet dull testaceous, thighs blackish at base; tergum velvet-black, slightly tinged with green; second segment with a dull coppery semioyal spot on the middle of the lateral margin, extending on the edge to the base and tip; third and fourth segments each with a large dull coppery triangular spot on each side at base, approaching closely towards each other on the basal margin, and extending on the lateral edge nearly to the tip; an obsolete, longitudinal, central, dull coppery line, widely out spread on the posterior margin, so as to attain to the posterior angles; venter purplish or dusky, highly polished.
Obs. Of this also I have seen but two specimens, both of which are males; one was taken near Philadelphia, and the other at Chinquoteage, Virginia.
The lower figure of the plate.
SYRPHUS OBLIQUUS.— Specific character. Thorax green- bronze, with a yellow dot before the win and spotted with yellow.
Sceeva obliqua nobis. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iii. p. 89.
es; tergum bounded
24 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Desc. Head yellow, a dusky line above the antenne; orbits yellow to the vertex ; antennz blackish on the superior edge: thorax dark green-bronze; a yellow spot before the wings; scu- tel bright yellow; feet whitish ; anterior tibia and tarsi a little dilated, the latter with short joints; posterior thighs with one obsolete band, their tibia two banded; extremity of all the tarsi dusky ; tergum black ; first segment with a yellow basal edge; second segment with a band at base, interrupted into two oblong triangles, and a broader one on its middle, yellow ; third segment with one arquated band; fourth and fifth segments each with an oblique oblong-oval spot each side, and two longitudinal lines on the middle, yellow.
Variety g. Band of the third segment of the tergum inter- rupted into four small spots.
Obs. A very pretty insect, not uncommon in gardens on flowers, leaves, &c. The sexes are alike in color and markings.
The left figure of the plate. (This figure represents the variety.)
SyYRPHUS PoLITUS.—WSpecijic character. Thorax with a yel- low line each side, and a cinereous dorsal one; tergum with yel- low bands and quadrate spots.
Sceeva polita nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 88.
Desc. Head yellow, above the antennz dusky silvery; thorax somewhat olivaceous, a yellow line above the wings, and a dorsal cinereous one ; scutel dusky yellowish, with a paler margin; feet whitish ; tergum black; basal segment with the basal and lateral edges yellow; second segment with a transverse yellow band on the middle; third and fourth segments with a band and longi- tudinal line, each side of which latter is a large, transverse, sub- triangular yellow spot, yellow; fifth segment with the yellow spots and base, but destitute of the longitudinal line.
Obs. This species, like the preceding, is very agreeably orna- ‘ mented with the yellow lines and spots that characterize it, and like that species it is not unfrequent, yet I have but two imper- fect specimens, wihch are both females.
The right figure of the plate.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 25
SMERINTHUS. Puate XII.
Generic character. Tongue very short; antenns serrate ; palpi contiguous, short, terminal joint tuberculiform, very short ; anterior wings angulated ; anus simple.
Obs. Latreille constructed this genus to receive such Linnzean Sphinges as have a very short or indistinct tongue. The spe- cies, although closely allied to those of the genus from which they were separated, are yet distinguishable by their form of body and habits of life. They are short, robust, and generally remarkable by a handsome display of colors. They are never seen to shoot, like meteors through the air, from flower to flower, balancing the body at each, in order to extract sweets from the nectary, but, unlike the Sphinx and humming-bird, their flight is heavy and reluctant, and they receive food only in the state of repose.
The larve are generally elongated, with lateral, oblique, colored lines, and a prominent horn on the upper part of the pos- terior extremity of the body. They feed on leaves, and undergo their change to the pupa state’in the earth, without the care of constructing any regular coccoon.
SMERINTHUS GEMINATUS.—Specific character. Inner angle of the posterior wings with a large black spot, in which are two blue spots.
Desc. Head tinged with ferruginous before ; vertex white ; an- tenn whitish, pectens brown ; thorax whitish, with a dark brown disk rounded before and gradually dilating behind; superior wings varied with brown and cinereous; a dark semi-oval spot at the tip is obvious and remarkable; inferior wings yellowish, with a red disk, and a large deep black spot of a similar shape to that of the thorax, including two blue spots.
Obs. Closely allied to the ocellata of Europe, and to the myops and excaecata of our own country; but it may be distinguished from either by the double blue spot in the black patch on the pos- terior wings. The excaecata I have not seen, and have therefore to rely on Abbot’s drawing of that insect, as given by Smith in his splendid work, the ‘“Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia,” where it is represented with a single large blue spot, in the place of the two that exist on each posterior wing of the present spe-
26 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
cies. These two spots seem to be constant as well as common to both sexes. The plate represents two views of the natural size.
LEPTIS. Puate XIII.
Generic character. Antenne short, approximate, at base, tri- articulate ; basal joint cylindric ; second cyathiform ; third conic, not annulated, and terminated by a long seta; stemmata three, situated on the vertex; proboscis and palpi exserted, the latter pilose, with its second articulation elongated ; wings divaricated ; halteres naked ; onychii three ; abdomen consisting of seven seg- ments.
Obs. The species were arranged by Linné in his genus Musca. Fabricius, Meigen and Latreille, in their earlier works, removed them from Musca, to form a distinct group, to which they ap- plied the name of hago, including, as it then stood, some spe- cies that have been since separated, and now stand under the name of Atheriz. Those authors, in their subsequent publica- tions, finding that the appellation of Rhagio presented the incon- venience of a collision with that of a Coleopterous genus (ha- gium), wnited in rejecting the word, and supplied its place with that of Leptis, which I have adopted.
Some of the species are common; they are predaceous; the larvee are cylindrical, apodal, with a small horny head, and live in the earth.
LEPTIS ORNATA.—WSpecific character. Velvet-black ; thorax and abdominal bands with whitish hair; wings hyaline; feet white.
Leptis ornata nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. ili. p. 54.
Desc. Hypostoma and front with silvery white hair; thorax, particularly on its lateral margins, with silvery hair very slightly tinted with yellow; pleura, pectus and coxze black ; feet pale yel- lowish; tarsi, except at base, fuscous; poisers pale yellow; ter- gum on the basal segment nearly covered with silvery hair; re- maining segments each with a silvery band behind, occupying nearly one half of its length, and interrupted in the middle ; venter immaculate.
Obs. The specimen isa male. The species is an inhabitant of Pennsylvania, and probably also of several of the neighboring States. It is very closely allied to the thoracica of Fabricius,
AMERIOAN ENTOMOLOGY. 20
with which it has probably been hitherto confounded ; but it dif- fers from that beautiful species by its pellucid wings, pale tibia, broader bands of the tergum, color of the thoracic hair, and by haying silvery hair on the hypostoma and front. It belongs to the second division of the genus, in which the palpi are cylindri- cal, or slightly clavate and recurved.
The upper left figure of the plate.
[Belongs to the genus Chrysopila Macq.—SackEN. ]
LEPTIS ALBICORNIS.—Specific character. Pale testaceous ; tergum with a dorsal series of black spots; wings spotted and tipped with fuscous.
Leptis albicornis nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 88.
Desc. Body above rufo-yellowish ; hypostoma chestnut; antennee yellowish-white; seta black; palpi and rostrum white; cheeks somewhat glaucous, with whitish hair; thorax three or five lined with black, the three intermediate lines being obsoletely separate ; scutel immaculate ; wings hyaline, costal margin tinged with yel- lowish ; nervures, particularly those of the inner margin, those that are transverse, stigmata and tip of the wing margined with fus- cous, more obvious and dilated at tip of the wing, and on each side of those transverse nervures that are beyond the middle; tergum with a large rounded black spot on each segment, and a black line on the lateral edge.
Obs. Very closely allied to ZL. scolopacea Fabricius, of Europe, but it differs from that insect in several particulars, as in‘ the color of the antennze, stethidium, feet, &c. The specimen is a male.
The upper right figure.
LEPTIS VERTEBRATA.— Specific character. Pale testaceous ; tergum with a dorsal series of black spots; wings immaculate.
Leptis vertebrata nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 38.
Desc. Head black: terminal joint of the antennz, excepting the seta and palpi, pale; stethidium blackish (in the female pale testaceous, with obscure lineations:) thorax with two obsolete cinereous lines, and a pale humeral spot: seutel and poisers pale- yellowish: wings hyaline, costal margin tinged with testaceous, nervures brown ; feet pale testaceous, coxe, tarsi, half of the pos- terior thighs, and posterior tibia, black, (coxe of the female color of the stethidium:) tergum yellowish, segments each with
28 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
a fuscous or blackish spot above, and a line on the lateral edge ; the dorsal spots of the posterior segments are extended into bands: venter blackish on the terminal joints.
Obs. This species, as well as the albicornis, belongs to Mei- gen’s first division of the genus, in which the palpi are elongate- conic, and incumbent on the proboscis. It resembles the albi- cornis, but the wings are immaculate, &e.
The lower left figure.
LEpTIS FASCIATA.— Specific character. Velvet-black ; thorax with golden-yellow hair ; tergum fasciate with white ; wings hya- line with a large brown stigma.
Leptis fasciata nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. ip. 37.
Desc. The fundamental color of the thorax is the same with that of the other parts of the body ; hypostoma in a particular light cinereous ; pleura and pectus dark lurid; poisers fuscous, scapus whitish ; wing nervures brown, stigma rather large, brown and distinct ; tergum on the posterior margin of each segment banded with yellowish ; venter immaculate ; feet whitish, thighs reddish-brown towards their bases, tarsi dusky at tip.
Obs. Inhabits Pennsylvania. The nervures of the wings are arranged as in Meigen’s second division, and the insect has much the appearance in miniature of L. thoracica of Fabricius.
The lower right figure.
[ Belongs to the genus Chrysopila Macq.—SackEn. |
BERYTUS. Puiarse XIV.
Generic character. Antenne four-jointed, filiform, elongated, geniculated in the middle, inserted above a line drawn from the eyes to the base of the labrum; first joint very long, clavate at tip ; second and third joints intimately connected so as to appear as one ; last joint short and oval; body filiform ; feet elongated, thighs clavate.
Obs. This is one of the many genera that have been very properly separated from the Linnean Cimex by Fabricius under the name I have adopted, and under that of Neides by Latreille. It is very distinct in appearance from either of its neighboring genera, and is remarkable for its slender form of body and limbs.
BeRYTUS sprnosus.—WSpecijic character. Obscure reddish-
brown ; terminal joint of the antenne: fuscous ; thorax punc- tured ; a strong spine before the posterior feet.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 29
Desc. Antennz longer than the body, terminal joint fuscous, yellowish at base and tip: eyes black: stemmata sanguincous, distant, placed very far back, almost lateral: clypeus produced, conic ; rostrum as long as thorax, inflected, and placed in a groove beneath : thorax gibbous behind, punctures large and crowded: seutel with an elevated spine : elytra nervous, with a black costal spot near the tip: posterior feet longest; a spine each side as thick as the thighs, originating before the posterior coxx, curving upward above the elytra, and abruptly attenuated near the tip : abdomen depressed, fusiform, margined ; margin paler.
Obs. Of this genus Fabricius has described two species, of which the ¢ipularius appears to be very like this insect—at least as far as I can judge from description, having no opportunity to consult a figure of either insect of the genus. One specimen-in my cabinet has the antenne rather shorter, and on the thorax are three lines a little elevated, one of which is dorsal and two mar- ginal, with a two-lobed raised transverse spot before: this may be a sexual variety, or possibly a distinct species; but, for want of sufficient knowledge of them, I will not, at present, incur the responsibility of separating them.
The smaller figure in the plate denotes the natural size.
PELECINUS. Pate XV.
Generic character. Antennz with not more than fourteen joints; tongue trifid; neck not apparent ; posterior tibze clavate ; abdomen slender, elongated, filiform, inserted at the posterior and inferior extremity of the metathorax.
PELECINUS POLYCERATOR Drury.— Specific character. Black ; antennz with a white annulus; posterior tibia sericeous on the inside.
Ichneumon polyturator Drury, vol. ii. pl. 40, fig. 4.
Pelecinus polycerator Fabr., Latr.
Desc. Head with a compressed, elevated seale-like tooth at the inner base of each antenna: antenna, tenth joint and half of the ninth joint white: wings, nervures and costal margin fuscous: feet, two anterior pairs blackish-piceous ; posterior pair black, polished, the tibia much dilated at tip and much dilated on the inner side, the tarsi piceous.
30 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Obs. A truly singular insect, not uncommon in various parts of the United States. Its flight is slow and awkward, and when taken it endeavors to force the point of the abdomen through the skin of the hand, but its strength not adequate to the task. The whole abdomen resembles a much elongated pedicle, from which the abdomen itself, or dilated portion, has been accidently re- moved.
The plate exhibits two views of the insect, natural size, and a wing somewhat magnified, to show the arrangement of the ner- vures.
BLAPS. Pirate XVI.
Generic character. Mentum small, or moderately large, quad- rate or orbicular ; palpi terminated by a larger joint; terminal joint of the maxillary palpi securiform ; mandibles naked to their base; clypeus terminated by a straight line ; labrum transverse ; antennz moniliform at tip, third joint much larger than the fourth ; back flat; thorax almost quadrate ; elytra acute at tip.
[These species belong to the genus Hleodes.—Lxc. ]
BLAPS SUTURALIS.—Specific character. Blackish ; elytra sca- brous, grooved, reddish-brown, punctured ; lateral thoracic mar- gin reflected.
Blaps suturalis nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iii. p. 257.
Desc. Body black-brown, punctured: antennz, third joint longer than the fourth and fifth conjointly ; fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh equal obconico-cylindric ; eighth obconic-orbicular, shorter than the preceding; remaining joints nearly equal to the eighth, globose ; the terminal one somewhat conic-compressed : labrum prominent, emarginate, and with very short yellow hairs at tip: thorax transverse-quadrate ; edge deeply concave before ; lateral margin dilated, reflected ; lateral edge regularly arquated, slightly excurved at base ; posterior edge slightly flexuose, nearly rectilinear ; angles acute, anterior ones with a small excurved point ; punctures of the disk acute, distant ; two obsolete indented spots behind the middle: scutel impunctured, distinct, acute : elytra with seven grooves, the four sutural ones each with a single series of elevated points, remaining grooves with numerous points ; a series of points on each of the interstitial lines ; lateral edge reflected, slightly elevated, acute ; a sutural, common, red- dish-brown margin : epipleura scabrous and punctured, with four
1
co
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
or five obsolete impressed striee: feet scabrous, anterior thighs slightly dilated beneath before the tip into an obtuse angle.
Length one inch nearly.
Obs. During the progress of Major Long’s expedition up the Missouri, that enterprising and excellent officer entrusted me with the direction of a small party of thirteen persons, destined to explore the country on the south side of that extended river. After encountering many obstacles and privations which it is unnecessary to enumerate, the party arrived at the village of the Konza Indians, hungry, fatigued, and out of health. Commise- rating our situation, these sons of nature, although suffering under the injustice of white people, received us with their characteristic hospitality, and ameliorated our condition by the luxuries of repletion and repose. Whilst sitting in the large earth-covered dwelling of the principal chief, in presence of seve- ral hundred of his people, assembled to view the arms, equip- ments, and appearance of the party, I enjoyed the additional gratification to see an individual of this fine species of laps running towards us from the feet of the crowd. The act of em- paling this unlucky fugitive at once conferred upon me the respectful and mystic title of “medicine man,” from the super- stitious faith of that simple people.
On the subsequent journey towards the Rocky Mountains, several specimens occurred, together with other insects of the same Classical division, till then unknowa.
The upper right figure.
Buaps acuta.—WSpecifie character. Blackish; elytra sca- brous, grooved; dilated sutural margin reddish-brown; exterior edge acute; thoracic margin not reflected.
Blaps acuta nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 258.
Desc. Body blackish, punctured: head with larger punctures than those of the thorax: antennz as in the preceding species: labrum prominent, emarginate, with short yellow hairs at tip: thorax subquadrate: anterior edge concave; punctures minute, Separate; lateral margin not reflected; lateral edge regularly arquated, a little excurved at base; posterior edge nearly rectili- near: scutel impunctured: elytra grooved: the four sutural grooves with a single series of elevated points; interstitial lines with about one series of distant punctures; sutural margin
32 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
obsoletely reddish-brown; exterior edge acute: epipleura obso- letely grooved, scabrous, punctured, and from the base to near the middle tinged with reddish-brown: anterior thighs dilated, and armed with a prominent spine near the tip.
Length nearly one inch and one-fifth.
The gradually recurved form of the lateral margin of the thorax in the preceding species, gives to the whole thorax a somewhat concave appearance, notwithstanding the convexity of the disk. In this conformation the present insect is obviously distinct, although very similar as respects general color, the form of the elytra, feet, and abdomen. The thorax here exhibits a regular convexity, which gradually subsides towards the lateral edges. This species occurred in Missouri, near Council Bluff.
The upper left figure. |
BuLaps oBscuRA.—WSpecijic character. Blackish: elytra sca- brous, grooved, dark reddish-brown, margin rounded, thoracic margin not reflected.
Blaps obscura nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. ii. p. 250.
Desc. This species resembles the preceding, but the thorax is proportionally longer, the elytra are of a dull reddish-brown color, approaching to piceous, and the lateral margin is rounded so as to exhibit no edge.
Length more than one inch.
Obs. I obtained this insect in the country bordering the river Platte, within a hundred miles of the Rocky Mountains.
The lower left figure.
BLAPS HISPILABRIS.—Specijic character. Blackish; elytra scabrous, grooved; sutural margin obsoletely reddish-brown ; labrum with black, rigid hairs.
Blaps hispilabris nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sei. vol. ili. p. 259.
Desc. In form of the elytra, their lateral curve, rotundity of edge, sculpture and color, this species resembles the obseura ; but the anterior angles of the thorax are distinctly excurved and acute, the posterior angles viewed from above exhibit no excurva- ture; the scutel is proportionally smaller and more rounded, and the labrum is distinctly armed with many black rigid hairs ex- tending forward, and projecting beyond the extremity of the labrum.
Length more than four-fifths of an inch.
Inhabits Missouri.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. So
The lower right figure; the figure near the bottom of the plate is a magnified representation of an antenna.
ARGYNNIS. Puate XVII.
PapiLio Linn.
Generic character. Antenne terminated by a short club ; palpi divaricating, second joint compressed, broad, hairy; third joint terminating abruptly by ashort, slender, acute joint: inferior wings suborbicular ; anterior feet short, feeble: tarsi with double nails.
Obs. Many species of this genus are beautifully decorated with spots on the lower surface of the inferior wings, resplendent with all the brilliancy of polished silver, or rivalling the milder, but not less attractive lustre, of precious opal. The superior surface of the wings is varied with red or orange, agreeably relieved by spots or lines of black or brown. The larva or caterpillar is armed with spines, and the pupa or chrysalis attaches itself by the tail to a fixed object, in order to pass its destined period of quiescent preparation, for its change to the perfect, adult or butterfly state.
Linné included the species in his genus Papilio, but Fabricius separated them as a distinct group under the name we have here adopted.
ArGyYNNIS DrAnaA Cramer.— Specijic character. Wings above black-brown, with a very broad fulvous exterior margin, in which are a few blackish spots and nervures.
Papilio Diana Cramer, Ins. vol. ii. p. 4. pl. 98, fig. D. E.
Lé P. Diane Encycl. Method. Insectes, pl. 35, f. 2.
Desc. Body above black-brown: vertex, and anterior sides of the thorax, ferruginous: wings on the basal two-thirds blackish- brown: the outer third pale fulvous, on the superior wings divided by blackish-brown margined nervures, and marked by two distant series of dots of a similar color, the exterior of which is obsolete; on the margin of the inferior wings the two series of dots are hardly to be traced: beneath, on the superior wings, the blackish-brown basal portion has from six to eight ochraceous spots, of which the external ones are longitudinal, and those nearer the base are nearly transverse : intervening between these two sets of spots, are two opalescent spots, placed transversly, and sometimes confluent ; exterior third of the wing ochraceous,
3
34 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
deeper towards the anterior angle, and with two distinct fuscous spots ; inferior wings, on the basal two-thirds reddish-brown, with two small distant silvery spots on the anterior margin, and a series of obsolete dull silvery lines behind the middle ; exterior third of these wings ochraceous, with a marginal series of seven short sil- very lines.
Obs. The present species, though not remarkable for any supe- rior gaiety of coloring, interests by the simple contrast of black- ish and pale orange colors, of its superior surface, as well as by the rows of slender silvery lines which decorate the under page of its inferior wings.
IT have taken this insect in Georgia, East Florida, Arkansaw, and Missouri, but have not yet met with it in Pennsylvania. Cramer described his specimen, in the collection of Mr. J. C. Sylvius Van Lennep, and states it to have been taken in Virginia. He has applied to it the terrestial name of the daughter of Jupiter and Latona, and the twin sister of Apollo, in pursuance of the example of Linné, who thus endeavored to connect Ento- mology with Mythology and the civil history of antiquity.
The plate represents two views of this species, beneath which is an enlarged palpus.
CICINDELA. Puate XVIII.
Generic character. Antenne filiform; clypeus shorter than the labrum; maxillee monodactyle, with two very distinct palpi, of which the exterior one is nearly equal to the labial palpi, penultimate joint of the latter hairy ; mentum trifid, the divisions nearly equal in length; feet slender, elongated; anterior tibia without a sinus near the tip.
Obs. A very natural and interesting group of insects. Many species inhabit this country, the more common of which, such as the vulgaris, sex-guttata and punctulata, are familiar to most per- sons who delight in rural scenery. They inhabit arid situations, run and fly swiftly, and live upon prey, which they seize by means of their somewhat elongated and very acute mandibles.
CICINDELA DECEMNOTATA.— Specific character. Green, above tinged with cupreous; elytra margined with bright green or bluish ; four white spots and an intermediate refracted band.
Desc. Labrum three-toothed, white: mandibles black, base
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 35
white: elytra with a white spot on the shoulder, another equi- distant from the first and the band: band br oad, arising from the middle of the margin, refracted at the centre of the elytrum, and terminated near the suture ina line with the tip of the third spot; this spot is large, orbicular, and placed near the external tip of the terminal one, which is transverse and triangular : body beneath green: trochanters and tail purple.
Obs. The specimen from which this description and the annexed representation were taken, is a female, the only one I have seen: it was caught by Mr. Nuttall, on the sandy alluvions of the Missouri, above the confluence of the river Platte.
Upper figure of the plate.
[This species is unknown to me; it resembles the green vari- eties of C. purpurea, but differs by the middle fascia of the elytra being more suddenly bent, and more prolonged behind.—Lxc.]
CICINDELA FORMOSA.—WSpecific character. Red cupreous, brilliant ; elytra with a three branched, broad white margin.
Desc. Front hairy: labrum large, three-toothed: elytra with a broad white border, anterior and posterior branches short, inter- mediate one flexuous, nearly reaching the suture; edge of the elytra green; body beneath green or purple-blue, very hairy: thighs blue, tibia green.
Length seven-tenths, breadth one-fourth of an inch.
Obs. A beautiful species; it was captured by Mr. Thomas Nuttall, on the sandy alluvions of the Missouri river, above the confluence of the Platte.
Lower figure of the plate.
JAGERTIA.
Generic character. Antennee fusciform [fusiform?]; palpi long, separate, covered with long scales or porrected hair ; wings hori- zontal in repose ; abdomen bearded at tip.
Obs. Fabricius formed this genus for the reception of such spe- cies of the genus Sesia, as have the palpi prominent, distinct, and covered by elongated scales. As Sesia now stands, it differs from the present, by the short palpi, which are covered by short, close- set scales; and their terminal joint is very short, tuberculiform ; Lamarck, however, applies the name Sesia to the present genus.
The wings in the various species of 4yeria are chiefly trans-
36 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
parent, and the body being slender, with colored bands in some of the species, they have much the appearance of bees and wasps ; whence the names apiformis, vespiformis, crabroniformis, &e., which have been applied in this genus. Degeer, in his history of one of the species, observes, “the first time that I saw it, I hesitated to take it with my naked hand, believing I had found a wasp.”
AAGERIA EXITIOSA.—Desc. Male. Body steel-blue; antenne ciliated on the inner side, black, with a tinge of blue; palpi be- neath, yellow ; head with a band at base, both above and beneath, pale yellow; eyes black-brown ; thorax with two pale yellow lon- gitudinal lines, and a transverse one behind, interrupted above, and a spot of the same color, beneath the origin of the wings ; wings hyaline, nervures and margin steel-blue, which is more di- lated on the costal margin, and on the anastomosing band of the superior wings ; feet steel blue, the coxse, two bands on the tibie including the spines, incisures of the posterior tarsi, and anterior tarsi behind, pale yellow; abdomen with two very narrow pale yellow bands, one of which is near the base, and the other on the middle ; tail fringed, the fringe margined with white each side.
Female. Body very dark steel-blue, with a tinge of purple; antennee destitute of ciliz ; palpi beneath, black; thorax imma- culate ; superior wings steel-blue, without any hyaline spot; in- ferior wings hyaline, with an opaque margin and longitudinal line ; the latter and the costal margin are dilated; tergum with the fifth segment bright reddish-fulvous.
Pupa with two semifasciz of spines upon each of the seg- ments, excepting the three terminal ones, which have a single row only.
Follicle brown, oblong-oval, composed of small pieces of bark and earth, closely connected together by the web of the animal.
Aigeria exitiosa nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat., Sci, vol. iii. p. 216.
Obs. This insect has been for years the cause of great solicitude and regret to all the lovers of fine fruit. Our readers will ac- knowledge the fact, when we inform them, that small as it is, it is no other than the silent, insidious destroyer of the peach-tree.
The sexes are so remarkably different from each other, that we should hesitate in yielding our assent to their specific unity, if we were not apprised of the circumstance, that the sexes of many
a ————
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 37
of the species are very unlike each other. In the present in- stance, the difference is so great, as to render it difficult to con- struct a good common specific character.
We are indebted to Mr. James Worth, a zealous and careful observer, for the principal part of the accurate information which we possess relative to this formidable insect. The following ob- servations are extracted from a valuable essay, by that gentleman, published in the volume quoted above.
The egg deposited on the side of a glass tumbler, was oblong- oval, dull yellow, and so small as to be only just discernible by the naked eye. Excepting in a state of confinement, he never saw the female at rest, but in one instance, when she was perched on a leaf, which may possibly be the usual place of deposit, though he is inclined to believe that it is made on some part of the trunk of the tree. The larva is of a white color, the head being reddish-brown. It is somewhat difficult to ascertain the early movements of the larva, in consequence of its small size ; but its destructive career certainly commences about the last of September, or early in October, by its entering the tree probably through the tender bark under the surface of the soil; after hay- ing passed through the bark, it proceeds downwards into the root, and finally turns its course towards the surface, where it arrives about the commencement of the succeeding July.
Having attained to its full growth, the larva enters the pupa state, between the first and middle of July ; enveloped in its fol- licle, it may then be readily discovered close to the trunk, sur- rounded by the gum which oozes from the wound. The pupa state continues from the tenth of July to the latter part of that month, or beginning of August.
Mr. Worth examined his fruit trees on the tenth of July, when he obtained twenty follicles, and about thirty larvee ; of the folli- cles, four were empty, the insect having assumed the wing state. The larve had all arrived near the surface of the ground, for the purpose of undergoing their great change.
Against the depredations of this insect, many supposed reme- dies have been prescribed, such as the application of hot water, tanner’s bark, and flower of sulphur, to the root of the tree, and soft soap and lime-wash to the trunk ; but it is obvious, that no application of this kind can injure the insect, without coming in
£3)
38 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
contact with it whilst it remains in the egg, or infantile state, on the outside of the tree, for after having penetrated to the interior, no superficial application can effect it. The various substances placed around the root of the tree, such as ashes and sand, the un- covering of its base during winter, and covering again for the summer, are also pronounced by Mr. Worth, from his experience, to be inefficient and even injurious to the health of the tree.
“The best plan of guarding against the ravages of the insect, which I have found, is to examine the trees early in the month of July; take a bricklayer’s trowel, and opening the ground around the trunk, the lodgment of the insect will at once be dis- covered, by the appearance of gum, and it can readily be de- stroyed ; one person can thus examine more than a hundred trees in less than halfa day, and very few, if any, of the insects will escape. But in order the more effectually to destroy them, I would advise, that from the first to the middle of August, some swingling tow, a piece of hairy hide, (the hair inside, but turned over at top,) or some other coarse thing of six or more inches in width, be tied close around the trunk of the tree, the under edge to be a little covered with earth, so as to prevent any passage be- neath ; about the middle of September remove the bandage, and immediately give the whole trunk of the tree a covering of soft soap or lime-wash, well brushed on, that no spot from the head to the root may remain untouched. Perhaps a decoction of to- bacco, or some other wash, might do better ; even hot water would be effectual, where the tree was sufficiently hardy to bear the ap- plication ; or it may be, that the wash would answer the purpose without the bandage, but where the bandage is dispensed with, the wash ought, I think, to be applied about the first of Septem- ber, or I should have great confidence in a bandage of tobacco leaves or stems ; it should be kept on from the first of August to November, and could dono damage by being continued, provided it was not tied so close as to cramp the growth of the tree.
“ But there are causes of decline other than that of the insect, and the principal one is the not stirring of the ground; I appre- hend, that the disease called ‘yellows’ is often thus occasioned. Last year my peach orchard was considerably affected; and the ground had not been ploughed for three years, and had become quite covered with grass. In the spring of the current year [
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 39
had it well broken up, and kept clean during the summer; the trees soon assumed a healthy appearance, and furnished a plenti- ful supply of fine fruit, and the whole orchard is now in the most flourishing condition, and I believe there will be no difficulty in keeping it in that state.”
But my friend Mr. J. Gilliams, has certainly derived great advantage from the use of the cinders of the common anthracite, which is now so generally introduced as a fuel ; he opens a small basin around the trunk of the tree, and fills it with the cinders ; he informs me that the trees thus treated, haye assumed a more healthy appearance than others, and they are not at all infested by this destructive insect.
In Mr. Skinner’s very useful paper, the American Farmer, (vol. vi. p. 14,) are a few highly important remarks on this sub- ject, by Mr. William Shotwell, of which the following is an ex- tract: “I cleaned a number of trees, and puta coat of lme mortar, about half an inch thick round the body, then drew the earth up to it. These trees are now perfectly healthy, and there has not been the sign of a worm about them since, although it was five years past that the experiment was made. I have since tried the same on a great number of trees with equal success.”
In the same work (vol. vi. p. 37,) are some interesting observations on the preservation of peach-trees, by Mr. Evan Thomas, Jr., from which we gather the following information. On removing the earth from about the roots of some trees of a sickly appearance, he observed a considerable quantity of gum that had exuded from several minute apertures of the trunk; on opening these carefully with a knife, the larva were discovered. They were about one inch long, of a cream color, the head somewhat depressed, chestnut-brown. “They had perforated the bark about one inch below the surface of the earth, and were devouring voraciously, both the alburnum and liber, leaving the cortex and epidermis as a covering and de- fence.” Having destroyed these depredators, Mr. Thomas ap- plied Forsythe’s healing composition to the wounds, with the expectation that it would not only exhibit its usual efficacy, but that it-would also prevent the access of a new colony of the enemy. In this, however, he was disappointed, for on examining the same trees again, at the expiration of about six weeks, he
40 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
found that a new deposit had been made, and that the young worms were then devouring what their predecessors had left. This fact exhibited the inefficacy of the practice of laying bare the roots during the winter. “ About the close of July, many of these insects, having assumed the winged state, soon after de- posit their eggs in peach-trees, just beneath the surface ; first
oS
wounding the bark in different places, which, on examination, appears to have been effected by a blunt pointed instrument. They leave from one to fifty, and in some instances, nearly three hundred eggs in each tree, according to its size and capacity to support the future progeny: these soon appear, but it is difficult to detect them until they have acquired a growth of two or three weeks, when they are four or five lines in length. From this period, their growth is accelerated or retarded in proportion to the quantity of nourishment afforded. In general, however, the pupe are formed early in October, in the midst of a conglomera- tion of gum, fibrous and excrementitious matter, and about the close of the month the insect issues from the chrysalis, deposits its eggs as before mentioned, and prepares to hybernate, like others of the same tribe, in the roofs of houses, beneath the bark of old trees, &c. The larvae appear in April, assume the nymph state, and accomplish their final transformation in the course of July. Thus, there are two periods in each year assigned for their production and reproduction : nevertheless, individuals may be seen during the whole season, in almost every stage of exist- ence.” Having thus ascertained an important part of the natural history of the species, and the inefficiency of the applica- tions hitherto made with a view to prevent its depredations, Mr. Thomas was led to make another experiment, which, he informs us, has been completely successful. ‘Remove the earth from about the trunk of the tree quite down to the lateral roots, press with the but end of the pruning knife against the bark in differ- ent places ; if it appears to adhere firmly, and no gum or moisture issues, a thin coat of the composition described below, may be applied both above and beneath the surface, by a brush or wooden spatula, about two inches broad. Then take Canton matting, (or any other similar substance,) cut into pieces of from six to twelve inches in width, according to the size of the tree, and of sufficient length to encircle it; bind one of these around
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 41
the part intended to be secured, by two or three ties of twine or woollen yarn, s6 that one-half shall be below, and the other half above the surface; draw earth, divested of grass or rubbish, to the tree, pressing it with the foot, close to the matting. The insects, governed by instinct, will not lay their eggs in the mat- ting, but will seek elsewhere for a situation congenial with their habits. If, however, there is a clammy moisture, or portions of gum adhering to the main stem or roots, these should be regarded as almost certain indications of worms; every opening, however minute, should be carefully probed, and the direction taken by each worm, ascertained ; cut away that portion of the bark only, of which the interior part has been destroyed, until you arrive at the object of pursuit, which must be removed and killed. Having in this manner extirpated all that are to be found, trim the edges of the wounds neatly, and fill up the cavities with a composition consisting of two parts of fresh cow-dung, one part of leached ashes, to each gallon of which, add a handful of ground plaster-of-paris, and as much water as will reduce the the whole mass to the consistence of a thick paste ; spread a thin coat of this composition over the part to be covered, and then apply the bandage as before directed. As the ants, and several other insects among the wounded trees, exceedingly and materi- ally retard their recovery, I would recommend the part to be washed with common white-wash, and a little flower of sulphur, or snuff sprinkled over it, before the composition is applied. The latter end of April, and the beginning of September, are the most suitable periods, for those accustomed to it, to begin the search.”
Several other gentlemen have particularly observed the peach insect, and of these we may mention Dr. James Smith, who has given the result of his inquiries, in the sixth volume of the American Farmer, p. 334, and Mr. Reuben Haines, who has published his observations in p. 401, of the same volume. But we think it highly probable, that the practice first proposed by Mr. Shotwell, if carefully and properly carried into effect, will effectually secure the peach tree from the depredations of the Aigeria exitiosa.
Upper figure—Female.
Middle figure—Male.
Right figure—Exuvia of the Pupa.
Left figure—Follicle.
42, AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
AAcERIA OMPHALE.—Specific character. Body red; abdo- men behind and dorsal line black, with blue spots.
Cosmosoma Omphale Hubner, fig. 1. 4. 5 9.
Desc. Body bright red: head black, with large brilliant blue spots: antennee at tip, whitish ; palpi, second and third joints red; thorax with a black transverse line before, continued over the wings ; on the anterior part are four blue spots: tergum bright red, with a longitudinal line, abbreviated at base, and tip black ; in which color are four brilliant lateral blue spots, and about-seven dorsal ones : venter excepting at base, and each side near the base, black, with a large pure white spot on each side, before the mid- dle; tuft at tip obsolete: wings hyaline, nervures and margins black ; the black of the tip wide: feet bright red: intermediate tibize black before : posterior tibiee with a black line before.
Obs. This very beautiful species was found by Mr. T. Peale in Florida, and was presented to me, for the present plate, by the Prince of Musignano, with whom I agree in the specific name here adopted from Hubner.
The striking contrast of the red and black colors, and the beautiful brilliant vivid azure blue, reflected from the spots of the abdomen, anterior parts of the thorax and the head, render this a highly interesting insect.
Lower figure.
COENOMYIA. Prater XX.
Generic character. Antenne porrect, triarticulate, first joint rather long, cylindrical ; second, cyathiform ; third, conical, eight ringed; seta none; palpi elevated ; proboscis short; scutel bi- dentate ; wings horizontal, crossed upon the tergum.
Obs. We are indebted to Latreille for this genus, which has been adopted by Meigen, who, in his European Diptera, describes but a single species as belonging to it. Fabricius gave the name of Sicus to this genus, a designation that Latreille had already applied to a very different group. The present name will there- fore be considered as having the priority.
CoENOMYIA PALLIDA.— Specific character. Wings and abdo- men yellowish-testaceous ; thorax ferruginous.
Coenomyia pallida nobis, in Long’s Second Expedition.
Desc. Head yellowish-testaceous ; orbits beneath and behind,
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 43
dark cinereous ; vertex with an elevated, obtuse, dusky line between the stemmata: thorax ferruginous; anterior angles a little prominent, rounded and concave behind, with an elevated line reaching to the origin of the wings: scutel color of the thorax : wings pale yellowish-brown, with margined nervures : poisers whitish : feet somewhat paler than the thorax: tergum polished ; posterior segments somewhat sericeous ; second, third, and fourth segments, with three abbreviated series of punctures near their bases.
Obs. During the recent journey of Major Long’s party to the source of St. Peter’s river, I obtained three individuals of this interesting species, the only one yet found in North America. They occured in a small forest of scattered trees, where we halted at our dining hour, in the immediate vicinity of Wennabea’s Sauk village on the Pecktannos.
None were observed at any subsequent period of the journey.
LYCUS. Puare XXII.
Generic character. Head retracted; antennze approximate, much compressed, more or less serrated ; mouth small, produced into a short rostrum; maxillary palpi much longer than the labials, terminal joint triangular, truncated; mandibles at tip, entire and acute: elytra thin and flexible, nearly of equal breadth, or much enlarged towards the tip; thorax receiving and cover- ing the head, rounded before ; penultimate joint of the tarsi bilo- hated.
Obs. These insects are somewhat similar in their appearance to the well known “ Fire-fly,’ whose scintillations, on a sum- mer’s evening, are scarcely less abundant than the lights of the firmament, which they feebly, and but for a moment, rival. But Lycus is not endowed with the property of yielding light, and it is further distinguished from Lampyris by the somewhat elon- gated mouth, eyes of moderate size, and by the form of the ter- minal joint of the palpi, which is dilated, compressed, and trun- cated at tip. Another kindred genus, Omalisus, of Geoffroy, is in like manner destitute of the curious power of giving light, but the mouth is not rostrated, the second and third joints of the antenne are very short, and the head is only in part covered by the thorax.
44 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Fabricius separated these insects from Lampyris, under the name of Lycus, (Aves;) a word, which, according to Olivier, was employed by Herzychius to designate a species of spider; by Athenzeus for a fish ; and by Aristotle for a kind of bird. But the word was commonly used by the Greeks, and by Homer himself to indicate the wolf. '
In respect to form, the body is, in many instances, somewhat knear, that is, having the sides approaching to parallelism; but in the L. latissimus Fabr. of Africa, and the ZL. palliatus Fabr. of the Cape of Good Hope, the elytra are so much dilated as to give the species an orbicular appearance ; whilst in other species, as the L. fasciatus Fabr. of Cayenne, these substitutes for an- terior wings are greatly dilated, only toward their posterior ex- tremities. Many have this dilatation, which is more particularly observable in the males. Their colors are chiefly fulvous, violet- black, and sanguineous.
The larva is supposed to live in the earth; the perfect insect is innoxuous, and is found on flowers.
Lycus RETICULATUS.—Specific character. Black; lateral thoracic margins fulvyous; elytra fulvous, with a band, and ex- tremity, blackish.
Lycus reticulatus Fabr. Syst. Eleut. pt. 2. p. 111. Oliv. Ins. vol. ii. No. 29, p. 7. pl. 1, fig. 7.
Desc. Body deep black; polished : antenne exceeding the mid- dle of the elytra, opake : rostrum short : thorax black, the dilated lateral margins a little recurved, fulvous ; an acute carina in the middle ; posterior angles attenuated, prominent and acute : elytra fulvous, with four elevated lines, which are alternately larger, the suture and exterior edge are also elevated ; interstitial spaces with numerous transverse elevated lines; near the base is a broad black band, which nearly reaches the middle, and is continued along the suture to the base; a much dilated terminal black band, which does not reach the middle; both these bands are slightly tinged with violaceous: wings blackish, the nervures margined with whitish: feet sericeous.
Obs. This species may well be said to inhabit North America, for it would seem to be found in almost every part of it, except- ing, perhaps, the region beyond the Rocky Mountains, and the more northern inhospitable solitude of Canada. I have received
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 45
it from Mr. Holmes of Maine, and have myself found specimens in Missouri, North-West Territory, and East Florida. In Penn- sylvania it is very common. .
The elytra of the male, are more dilated behind than those of the female.
The upper left figure of the plate.
[Belongs to Calopteron Guér., (Digrapha Newman, Charac- tus}, Dej.)—LE¢. ]
Lycus TERMINALIS.— Specific character. Black ; thorax with fulvous lateral margins; elytra fulvous, with a black tip.
Lycus terminalis nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iii. p. 178.
Desc. Body deep black, polished ; antennze reaching the middle of the elytra, opake: rostrum short: thorax black, the dilated lateral margins a little recurved, fulyous: an acute carina in the middle ; posterior angles attenuated, prominent, acute; scutel black; elytra fulvous, with four elevated lines, which are alternately a little larger: the suture and exterior edge are also a little ele- vated: interstitial spaces with numerous transverse elevated lines ; terminal third of the surface violaceous-black: wings black- ish at tip; feet sericeous.
Numerous specimens were observed by Major Long’s party in Missouri and Arkansaw. They occurred in the prairies on plants, and I found them to be especially abundant near the vil- lage of the Konza Indians.
It is, without doubt, closely allied to the preceding, but the anterior band of the elytra is always deficient, the tibize are some- what more dilated, and there seems to be a greater difference of size between the sexes, the male being proportionally smaller. We cannot suppose it to be the L. dimidiatus Fabr., although the general tenor of the description corresponds very well, inas- much as he represents the antenne to be flabellate, with elon- gated serratures, and the base of the elytra to be rufous, whereas, the antennze of this species are similar to those of the reticulatus. The black on the thorax of the female is reduced to a narrow line.
The upper right figure of the plate.
[Belongs to Calopteron.—Lxc. ]
LycUS SANGUINIPENNIS.— Specific character. Thorax black : lateral margin sanguineous : elytra sanguineous, immaculate.
46 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Lycus sanguinipennis nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iii. p. 178.
Desc. Body deep black, polished: rostrum prominent; thorax proad, not narrowed before: the transverse diameter exceeding the longitudinal: livid-black; lateral margins a little recurved, pale sanguineous ; a carinate line on the anterior margin, termi- nating in a groove which extends to the base: posterior angles a little prominent: scutel black: elytra pale sanguineous, with elevated lines, and intervening transverse ones: wings a little dusky, with brown nervures.
One individual only, occurred to Major Long’s exploring party, near the base of the Rocky Mountains. It is widely distinct from the preceding species.
The lower right figure.
[I have a species of Calopteron from Mexico which agrees with the characters here given.—LECc. ]
Lycus PERFACETUS.— Specific character. Black: thorax each side rufous; elytra striate. Desc. Body deep black: head polished, with a deeply im- pressed longitudinal line: antennz opake, compressed, a little serrated: second joint more than half the length of the third, which is as long as the fourth, though less dilated: thorax some- what unequal, polished black, with broad rufous lateral margins : an impressed longitudinal line; posterior angles acute: elytra with ~slightly impressed striz, and rounded interstitial lines: beneath polished black. Obs. Inhabits Pennsylvania. The lower left figure of the plate. [This species is a Dictyopterus Latr., as now restricted: a synonym of it is D. substriatus Lec., Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil. 2d ser. 1, 74.—Lec.]
ICHNEUMON. Ptrare XXII.
Generic character. Antennz more than twenty-jointed ; ab- domen ellipsoidal, composed of more than five segments, and attached to the thorax by a portion only, of its transverse diame- ter, by an abrupt slender peduncle; all the wings having very distinct nervures; extremity of the abdomen of the female very
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 47
slightly compressed, not obliquely truncated ; oviduct concealed, or hardly prominent.
Obs. As originally instituted by Linné, the genus of this name was extremely abundant in species, and although many divisions have been made by Fabricius and others, the species are still numerous. As I adopt the genus, it corresponds with that of Fabricius and Latreille, and with Cryptus as defined by Lamarck,
These insects perform an important part in the operations of nature, inasmuch, as they seem destined to limit the increase of Lepidopterous insects, by destroying their larvee, so injurious to the interests of agriculture. All are parasitic, and in habit they may be compared to the Jchneumon amongst the quadrupeds, an animal said to break the eggs of the crocodile, and even to pene- trate the abdomen of that formidable reptile, in order to devour the living viscera.
The female, in this interesting genus, when about to deposit her eggs, becomes very active and impatient, flying from leaf to leaf, in search of a proper nidus; having found a caterpillar of suitable magnitude, she places her eggs either upon the skin, or by puncturing it, within the body, notwithstanding the convul- sive efforts of prevention made by the victim. I was witness to a somewhat curious fact in relation to one of these insects ; ob- serving an object closely resembling a caterpillar, resting on a leaf, I was preparing to take possesion of it, when an Jchnewmon alighted on the leaf, and proceeded to examine the object of my attention ; it ran briskly up to it, and touched it first on one side, and then on the other, with its vibratory antenne ; but it finally departed without any attempt at oviposition. This deportment excited my suspicions in regard to the nature of the supposed caterpillar, and on examining it more closely, I discovered, to my surprise, that it was not the larva of an insect, nor even the remains of one. Thus it appeared, that the Jchneumon, as well as myself, was deceived by its organ of vision, and that another sense was resorted to, in order to ascertain the truth.
The larve disclosed from the eggs of the parent Ichnewmon are altogether destitute of feet ; like intestinal worms, they feed on the interior of the body of their Promethean victim, which continues to walk and feed as usual. The depredators are by no means indiscriminate in their choice of food, but prefer the
48 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
adipose part of the system, and spare the vitals until the former is exhausted. By this selection, the life of the larva is continued until the parasite obtains its full size, and is prepared to enter into the state of pupa. The larva then attaches itself firmly to a fixed surface by means of its feet, and dies. The pupex, secure within, await their destined period in tranquillity, and the in- eluded insects finally emerge from their contracted boundaries, by gnawing a passage through their own indurated covering, as well as through the common integument of the larva.
IcHNEUMON DEVINCTOR.—Specijic character. Black ; abdo- men rufous; scutel, annulus of the antenne and of the tibie, white.
Desc. Body black: antennze rather short, annulus pure white, commencing at the ninth joint, and extending to the eighteenth: scutel pure white: wings dusky violaceous : abdomen, with the exception of the first segment, bright rufous: tibize, excepting at base and at tip, pure white: anterior and intermediate tarsi, with the first joint, white at base.
Obs. This species is not very common. I obtained a specimen in the North-West Territory. An individual occurred in Mis- souri, that may, perhaps, be only a variety of the present species ; it is smaller, and has ferruginous, instead of white, on the feet.
The upper right figure.
ICHNEUMON UNIFASCIATORIUS.— Specific character. Black ; annulus of the antennze, two scutellar spots, and band near the base of the abdomen, white.
Desc. Body black: front, nasus, and line on the frontal and exterior orbits, white : antennze moderate, with a white annulus beginning at the fifteenth joint, and extending to the twenty-first joint: thorax with two abbreviated white lines on the middle ; an oblique line each side before the wings, wing scale, and small spot beneath the wings, white: scutel white, with a small transverse white spot at its tip: wings fuliginous: abdomen de- pressed, rather slender; first segment white at tip, forming a band: tibize white on the exterior side.
Obs. This insect is of frequent occurrence in all the Middle States. There is a variety, of which the abdomen is very slightly tinged with rufous. Allied to nigratorius Fabr., but may be dis- tinguished by the band on the first segment of the abdomen, and
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 49
by the white spot behind the tip of the scutel, and by the two between the anterior wings. The lower right figure.
ICHNEUMON CENTRATOR.—Specific character. Black; an- tenne annulate ; scutel, and disk of the thorax, ferruginous.
Desc. Body black: head dull ferruginous, with a polished, im- pressed, black line at the base of the antennee: antenne with a white annulation, beginning at the seventh joint, and extending to the seventeenth : thorax with the disk between the anterior pair of wings and the scutel, dull ferruginous : tibiae dull rufous, excepting at tip: wings dusky violaceous.
Obs. It occurs frequently in Pennsylvania, and as I have found it both in Missouri and the North-Western Territory, it appears to be a pretty general inhabitant of the United States.
The lower left figure.
IcHNEUMON BREVICINCTOR.—Specific character. Black; scu- tel and the very short band on the antennex, white.
Desc. Body black: head immaculate : antenne with the white annulus beginning at the seventeenth joint, and extending to the twenty-first : thorax immaculate: scutel yellowish-white : wings a little dusky: knees and tibiee of the anterior pair of feet, dull rufous.
Obs. In form and general appearance, it resembles wni/ascia- torus nob., but the different individuals correspond in having the annulus of the antennee very short, and commencing at the seven- teenth joint; in having no spot beyond the tip of the scutel, in having the head immaculate, &c. It also resembles wigratorius Fab., but is much smaller, and is altogether destitute of orbital lines.
The upper left figure.
LIMENITIS. Prats XXIII. Papintio Lin.—NYMPHALIS Latr.
Generic character. Antenne gradually clubbed ; club slender, hardly compressed, elongate-obconic ; palpi not elongated, second joint not much compressed, the anterior margin not remarkably broader ; anterior pair of feet spurious; wings not very much longer than broad ; four hinder feet with double nails ; abdomen
J
90 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
received in a groove, formed by the dilatation of the inner mar- gin of the inferior wings.
Obs. This is one of the numerous modern genera of Papilioni- des, that are eminently remarkable by the feeble, abbreviated, and incomplete anterior feet of the species of which they are com- posed. These feet are usually so short, as to be altogether use- less for the purpose of locomotion ; they are habitually applied against the breast, and are altogether destitute of nails. The larvee are elongated, and feed on leaves, and the chrysalids are suspended by the tail, with the head towards the earth. For the genus Limenitis, we are indebted to Fabricius ; but this learned author has not left us sufficiently obvious characters, by which to distinguish it from his closely allied genus Apatura. We are, in fact, inclined to consider them both as sub-genera, as well as many other of the Fabrician genera of Lepidoptera.
LIMENITIS ARTHEMIS.—NSpecijic character. Brown-black ; wings indented, with a common white band, and common margi- nal row of double blue lunules ; a series of six ferruginous dots on the posterior wings; venter and lateral line, white.
Nymph. Phal. Arthemis Drury, vol. ii. pl. 10, fig. 5 and 4.
Desc. Body black: occiput with two white points; a short white lie behind each eye: palpi white on the exterior side : wings with a broad common white band a little beyond the mid- dle, intersected by the black nervures which are not margined ; a common marginal series of double blue lunules: edge alternat- ing with white and black; superior wings with three or four white dots beyond the band, but immaculate between the band and base : inferior wings with a serious of six fulvous dots between the white band and marginal Iunules : beneath fulvo-ferruginous, with the white band, marginal lunules, white and black alternat- ing lines of the edge, and white spots of the superior wings, as distinct as those of the superior surface ; superior wings, between the white band and base, dark purplish, with two fulvous spots, and two or three whitish or bluish ones ; inferior wings dull ful- vous between the band and base, with three or four brighter spots, which are interspersed with bluish: pleura with about three white spots at the base of the wings, and another at the base of the superior wings: coxa: with a white spot: anterior
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 51
pair of feet, white before : abdomen with a white line each side. and a broader one on the venter.
Obs. This beautiful insect, occurred sparingly in the North- Western Territory, during the advance of Major Long’s expedi- tion towards lake Winnepec. [I also found it at that lake, as well as at the Lake of the Woods, and in other parts of Upper Canada. On the expedition to the Rocky Mountains, I obtained several specimens in Arkansaw, and Mr. Nuttall has recently sent me one from Cambridge.
Drury first described this insect; his figure is that of a smal] specimen.
The plate represents two views of the insect, of the natural size.
DICASLUS. Prater XXIV.
Generic character. Mandibles destitute of an articulated nail at tip; palpi six, terminal joint, obconic, truncated ; anterior tibiz emarginate ; two anterior tarsi dilated in the male, and furnished beneath, with dense, granuliform papillee ; antenne filiform ; labrum emarginated, and with a longitudinal indented line ; posterior thoracic angles, covering the humeral angles.
Obs. As respects number of species, this is a limited group of insects. Their aspect is, however, striking and peculiar, the body being large, dilated, and depressed, with profoundly indented strize on their elytra; the posterior angles of the thorax extend far backward, covering the base of the elytra, so as to present no interval between thorax and abdomen. Our great master, Linné, would have placed these insects in his comprehensive genus Carabus, which in the modern system, is a large family, dis- tinguished by the name of Carabide, and containing nearly ninety genera, of which the present is one. The genus Dicelus, was established by Professor Bonelli, of Turin, in an excellent essay, entitled “ Observations Entomologiques,’ which was pub- lished in the Memoirs of the Imperial Academy of Turin.
Dica/Lus VIoLAcEus.—Specific character. Above and beneath violaceous-black ; antennee, mouth, and feet, black.
Dicexlus violaceus Bonelli, Obs. Entom. in Mém. del’ Acad. Imper. de Turin. And the author, in the Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. ii. New Series, p. 67.
52 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
a
Desc. Head black, obsoletely tinged with purplish : mouth and antenne, black: thorax with the disk black, faintly tinged with violaceous; this color is very obvious on the. lateral edge, and posterior margins ; lateral a little excurved near the poste- rior angles: elytra deeply striated; the disk is, less distinctly violaceous than the margin, and in a particular light, their color exhibits a slight greenish tinge ; beneath violaceous, and more particularly so on each side: epipleura bright violaceous.
Obs. It seems probable, that this species is not an inhabitant of the northern part of the United States, or if found at all in this region, it is certainly very rare. It is, without doubt, chiefly limited in its range to the southern and south-western States, but it is not known to be abundant any where. In my specimen, the second and third interstitial lines of each elytrum, are connected near the base by a transverse line, but this is very possibly not a permanent character. It is now figured for the first time.
The upper right figure.
DicHLUS SPLENDIDUS.—Specific character. Thorax viola- ceous ; elytra cupreous brilliant. 7
Dicxlus splendidus nobis, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. ii. New Series, p. 69.
Desc. Head black: thorax hardly perceptibly narrowed at base ; the posterior part of the lateral edge is not in the slightest degree excurved, but proceeds rectilinearly to the posterior angle ; lateral and posterior margins depressed, lateral edge reflected ; color blackish-violaceous on the disk, and more vivid violaceous on the lateral and posterior margins : elytra highly polished, bril- liant red coppery, exhibiting in a particular light a green reflec- tion; humeral carina extending two-thirds the length of the elytra ; strize profoundly impressed: beneath bluish-purple: feet black.
Obs. This is by far the most beautiful species of the genus, yet discovered. When the rays of light fall perpendicularly on
the surface of the elytra, a highly brilliant reddish-coppery color |
is exhibited, but when the rays are reflected at a considerably angle, the tint changes to a fine polished green. The specimen was brought from the Missouri, by Mr. Thomas Nuttall.
‘The upper left figure.
:
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 5a
DICHLUS DILATATUS.—Specific character. Black, impune- tured ; strize obsoletely punctured towards the tip.
Diczxlus dilatatus nobis, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. ii. New Series, p. 68.
Desc. Head black: palpi blackish-piceous: antenne brown towards the tip: thorax entirely black ; margins depressed ; late- ral edge slightly reflected ; base very slightly wider than any other part ; lateral edge nearly rectilinear, very slightly incurved before, and not at all excurved near the posterior angles: elytra totally black ; striae profound, very slightly punctured towards the tip: feet piceous.
Obs. This species is an inhabitant of Pennsylvania, and may be occasionally found under stones and other objects, which rest loosely on the soil. Its color is a uniform black, without any tint of those gay colors for which the two preceding species are remarkable.
The lower left figure.
DicmLus scuLpriuis.—Specijic character. Black; elytra with irregularly serpentine striz.
Dicelus sculptilis nobis, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soe. vol. ii. New Series, p. 68.
Desc. Body entirely black, immaculate: thorax very slightly widest at base; the lateral edge not at all excurved near the basal angle, and the commencement of the anterior curvature of this edge is at the middle of its length ; elytra with their striz very irregularly serpentine ; the interstitial lines are irregular and unequal on their sides, and exhibit a very few adventitious punctures, with raised centres.
Obs. Very distinct from the foregoing species, by the singular irregularity, and sculptured appearance, of the striz of the elytra. It was discovered in Missouri by Mr. Thomas Nuttall, and has not been found in the Atlantic States.
The lower right figure.
[Occurs in western Pennsylvania.—LEc. ]
MANTISPA. PuatTe XXYV. Generic character. Antenne filiform, but little longer than the head, the joints transverse ; eyes prominent; thorax having the anterior segment elongated, cylindric-clayate, supporting the
54 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
anterior pair of feet at its anterior extremity ; anterior feet ad- vanced, very conspicuous, cheliferous, the basal joint very much elongated ; wings reticulated, deflected.
Obs. A very small, but singular and natural group of insects, allied to Mantis, and also to Raphidia. Linné placed a species, which he described under the name now adopted as generic, in the genus Raphidia,and Lamarck assents to an alliance with that genus, by placing Mantispa immediately next to Raphidia, in his system. Latreille, who formed the genus, and most other authors, refer it to the same family with Mantis and Spectrum ; indeed, in the Régne Animal, it is considered a mere sub-genus of Mantis.
But if we adhere rigidly to the characters of the order Hemip- tera,* in which the superior wings are stated to be coriaceous or of a different consistence from the inferior pair, the genus Jan- tispa,* notwithstanding its acknowledged affinity with Mantis, will be altogether excluded from that order. In construction, num- ber, and consistence of the wings, from which the characters of these grand divisions are derived, it is beyond a doubt a Newrop- ferous genus, and we adopt Lamarck’s arrangement in this re- spect. It is distinguished from all the other genera of this order, by the particular form of the anterior feet.
These insects are not quiescent in the nymph state, or that condition which corresponds to the chrysalis state of the butter- fly, but they remain active, as in the larva.
MANTISPA BRUNNEA.—Specific character. Light brown ; antenne fuscous, light brown at the extremity; wings with a very broad, brown margin.
Mantispa brunnea nobis, Long’s Expedition to the sources of St. Peters’ river, vol. ii. p. 309.
Desc.—Male. Antenne short: posterior and inferior orbits, yellow: thorax, first segment obtusely wrinkled or undulated transversely ; anterior margin black, sub-margin yellow; base black, with a yellow, transverse, angulated line: scutel yellow: metathorax yellow on the posterior edge: pleura bilineate, with yellow: wings with a broad, light brown costal margin and tip:
* There is confusion here: Mantis belongs to the order Orthoptera,
for which Hemiptera has been substituted by a probably clerical error. —Lec.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 55
feet, intermediate and posterior pairs, with yellow tibiae and tarsi, a rufous spot being near the knee; anterior thighs blackish on the inner side, with a yellow exterior inferior margin, and numer- ous spines on the inferior edge, of which one is very. prominent : tergum, at the base of the first and second segments, black, the former margined with yellow: venter black at base, segments broadly margined with yellow.
Female. The yellow color, and marginings, excepting on the feet, and on the first segment of the thorax, obsolete ; the wings are darker than those of the male, and the hyaline portion of the wings is tinctured with a shade of the general color.
Obs. A specimen of the female of this curious insect, was pre- sented to me,some time since, by Mr. William Mason, of this city; it was found near Philadelphia, by Mr. Tyler. I had the good fortune to find a male, when travelling with Major Long’s party on St. Peters’ river, in the North-West Territory.
The middle figure represents the male, and the lower figure the female. On the right is an enlarged view of the head, with the antennz, and part of the thorax, and on the left, is an en- larged view of an anterior foot.
MANTISPA INTERRUPTA.— Specific character. Wings hyaline, with a narrow ferruginous costal margin, widely interrupted near the tip.
Desc. Body pale: antennee rather slender, perfectly filiform, not differently colored at tip, but somewhat paler at base : thorax, anterior segment rather long, annulate, with slightly elevated obtuse lines, which give it a somewhat wrinkled appearance ; two smmall tubercles before the middle, placed transversely ; posterior segment greenish-yellow, with a longitudinal brown line, and another on each side above the wing: wings alike, hyaline, the ferruginous costal margin is narrow, interrupted beyond the car- pus, so as to leave only a spot at tip of the wing; on the sub- margin, is an irregular quadrate dark fuscous spot, confluent with the carpus; the ferruginous margin of the superior wing, is paler towards the base : postpectus, and intermediate and posterior feet, pale greenish-yellow, the front of the former dusky: tergum pale reddish-fulvous, incisures, and vertebral line, blackish: venter pale yellow,
Obs. The annexed figure is taken from the only specimen L
56 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
have seen. It alighted on the apron of a gig, near this city, and was carefully secured by Mr. James P. Parke, who kindly pre- sented it tome. It remained lively and active for several days in a glass vessel on my table, and I was frequently amused by its dexterity in catching the flies which were introduced for its nourishment. It moved very slowly and cautiously towards its victim, and when at the proper distance, the fore-feet were thrown forwards, and again retracted, with a rapidity of motion that the eye could not follow, bringing the fly with them to the mouth. These-feet are used almost exclusively as arms and hands, in various positions for the convenience of mastication ; they are rarely used in locomotion, but when the insect advances by means of the other feet, these are folded up, and rest on each side of the long anterior segment of the thorax. The two or three flies first given to this little animal, were entirely devoured, so that not a fragment remained; but having abated its hunger it ex- tracted the fluids chiefly, of those afterwards placed within its reach.
The upper figure ; below, is an enlarged representation of a wing, and a posterior foot.
BUPRESTIS. Prare XXVI.
Body firm ; head vertically inserted in the thorax to the eyes ; antenne short, filiform, serrated; palpi very short, filiform, or but slightly enlarged towards the tip; mandibles entire at tip ; maxille bifid at the extremity; thorax with its posterior edge applied to the base of the elytra, the posterior angles not elon- gated; anterior margin of the pectus advanced towards the mouth, its opposite extremity elongated in the form of a horn, which is received into a sinus of the postpectus, and is not con- cealed in it; feet short, tarsi dilated, somewhat triangular, the penultimate one bilobated.
Obs. A large and very natural assemblage of insects, remain- ing at the present day, nearly as it was founded by Linné. A few of his smaller species have been separated from it, by Fabri- cius, under the name of Trachys, chiefly distinguished by the shorter, more dilated, and sub-triangular form of the body. Two or three very small species, discovered since his time, and referred to this genus by Fabricius and Olivier, have been generically
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 57
separated by Latreille, with the name of Aphanisticus ; these have clavate antenne.
The family Buprestiadx, consisting of the above mentioned genera, is closely allied to that of H/ateridx. But all the species of the latter group, are endowed with the power of leaping, by an abrupt inflection of the anterior portion of the body; their tarsi, also, are simple, without any dilatation of the basal joints.
Many of these insects are gaily ornamented with the most splendid colors, which often shime with a metallic brilliancy. Some have a general coppery tint, whilst others present the beautiful contrast of fine yellow spots and lines, on a polished green or blue surface, and others exhibit the appearance of burnished gold, inlaid on emerald or ebony. In fine, all that is rich and brilliant in colors, may be observed in the decoration of these insects.
They in general, walk slowly, though some run with considerable agility ; they rise on the wing with facility, and fly with ease and rapidity. Many elude their enemies by folding their feet and antennz close to the body, and falling, apparently dead, to the earth. The females have a coriaceous appendage at the posterior part of the abdomen, composed of three pieces; this is probably the oviduct, by means of which, they deposit their eggs in old wood, where the larve lives until its change into the perfect state. Their existence in the perfect state is but short, appear- ing to be devoted almost exclusively to the great object of con- tinuing the race.
Though beautiful and rare, the species are very numerous, and upwards of two hundred are now known; of these, the largest and most splendid, are inhabitants of the American continent.
A species of Buprestis, has furnished us with a remarkable in- stance of insect longevity; the following is extracted from a communication, by Mr. Marsham, to the Linnean Society. (See vol. x. p. 399.)
Mr. J. Montague, on going to his desk in the office of Works at Guildhall, observed an insect which had been seen by his brother in the early part of the day, endeavoring to extricate it- self from the wood, which formed part of the desk ; he carefully released it from the cell, and it proved to be Buprestis splendens of Fabricius, full of strength and vigor. The desk had been fixed
58 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
in the office twenty-two years before, and was made of fir wood, imported from the Baltic. That the insect existed in the wood before the desk was made, was proved by the fact of the channel formed by the insect having been then transversely cut.
The word Buprestis, is derived from the Greek Gexpers; but to what insect that ancient people applied the word, is not known with certainty at the present day. The Romans, also, held the same insect to be poisonous, and their civilians recommended the punishment of the law to be inflicted upon those persons who rashly administered, internally, those poisonous insects, the pithyocampas, (Bombyx pithyocampa Fabr.,) and the Buprestis. It is evident, however, that they had no reference to any indi- vidual of this family, inasmuch as no one of the species is capa- ble of inflicting a serious injury on any of the larger animals. But as the ancient Buprestis was stated to be endowed with the power of destroying even the ox, it is conjectured that the Greeks thus designated a vesicating insect, such as a Mylabris, a Lyitta, or, according to some authors, a Carabus, the two former of which, when taken into the stomach, produce the most serious effects on the animal economy, and even death itself, under the most afflicting circumstances.
BUPRESTIS RUFIPES.—Specific character. Elytra, each with four yellow spots, of which the basal one is longitudinal.
Buprestis rufipes Oliv. Ins. vol. ii. No. 32, p. 16, pl. 7, fig. 73, a.b. Fabr. Syst. Hleut. pt. 2, p. 188, No. 18. Enceyc. Méth. No. 15. Herbst, Natur. pt. ix. p. 79, pl. 140, fig. 3.
Desc. Body green, polished, slightly tinged with brassy: head rough with deeply impressed confluent punctures ; an obsolete im- pressed line on the vertex, becoming elevated on the front: antennze rufous: thorax with small distinct profound punctures, and an impressed spot before the scutel: elytra with narrow, deep striz and, at tip, bidentated: an abbreviated fulvous vitta originates near the humerus, and extends near to the middle; a transverse, abbreviated, undulated fulvous band, a little beyond the middle, does not quite reach the suture; intermediate between this band and the tip of the elytra, is another undulated one, of the same color; at the tip, is also a narrow band: pectus greenish-violace- ous ; a dilated vitta in the middle, and another each side, fulvous; the latter on its anterior part passes a little above the edge of the
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 59
thorax, and is in some specimens continued backwards to the base of the thorax, forming a margin on that part, but not cover- ing the edge; postpectus green, tinged with brassy, and some- what sericeous ; a yellow spot near the middle, and two or three on each side: feet rufo-violaceous: venter rufo-violaceous, more or less varied with green, particularly at the base, and with three series of obscure fulvous spots, two of which are lateral.
Obs. One of the largest species of North America, at the same time very beautifully ornamented.
Fabricius quotes Petiver’s work, and states its native region to be Maryland ; Olivier observes that it isin found in Carolina; I obtained a specimen in Missouri, when with Major Long’s party in that country, and another has been found in Pennsylvania ; but in this state they must be extremely rare.
The lower right figure.
[Belongs to Ancylochira Esch.—Lxc. |
BUPRESTIS FASCIATA.—Specific character. Green brilliant ; elytra with a yellow band and spot. .
Buprestis fasciata Herbst, Natur. Syst. vol. ix. p. 162, pl. 145, fig. 22. Fabr. Syst. Hleut. pt. 2, p. 191, No. 31. Oliv. Ins. vol. ii. No. 32, sp. 22, pl. 9, fig. 92.
Desc. Body highly polished, green with a brassy tinge, punc- tured ; head confluently punctured; thorax more densely punc- tured on the anterior portion; on the middle of the posterior margin a distinct indentation; elytra striate, the stria punc- tured: a yellow undulated band behind the middle, with a dark violaceous areola; midway between the band and the tip, is a yel- low spot on each elytrum, with a dark violaceous areola ; tip bi- dentate ; beneath immaculate ; feet of the same color as the body.
Obs. This beautiful insect was sent to me by Mr. E. Holmes of Gardiner Lyceum, Maine. The authors quoted in our syno- nyms, observe that it inhabits North America, without mention- ing any particular part of the continent in which it was found. I had supposed it to be a native of the Southern States, and was therefore surprised to receive it from the northern extremity of the Union. In his description of this species, Olivier remarks, that “on voit quelquefois un point fauve vers le milieu de chaque élytre, entouré de bleu,” and this he represents in his plate, but I have only a single specimen, and reference to another in the
60 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
collection of the Philadelphia Museum, both corresponding with the annexed figure.
Herbst describes Olivier’s variety as a distinct species under the name of C. maculata, (vol. ix. p. 1638, pl. 148, fig. 5,) with- out any reference to Olivier.
[Also an Ancylochira.—Lxc.]
The upper right figure.
BUPRESTIS CONFLUENTA [CONFLUENS].—Specific character. Green, polished, punctured ; elytra with confluent yellow spots.
Buprestis confluenta nobis, Journ. Acad Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 159.
Desc. Body bright green, punctured; head densely and con- fluently punctured ; an obsolete indented longitudinal line, more distinct on the vertex : antennze purplish, the basal joint rufous: thorax densely and confluently punctured, more particularly on the anterior and lateral margins ; in the middle of the disk, these punctures are somewhat sparse: scutel rounded, convex: elytra striate, slightly tinged with violaceous ; the striz and interstitial lines, slightly punctured ; very numerous transversely confluent light yellow dots: tip slightly obliquely truncated, acute at the suture, but not mucronate or dentate: edge entire; tarsi pur- plish-brown.
Obs. I cannot find any notice of this very fine insect in any attainable author, and having never obtained an individual in the Atlantic States, I think it highly probable that it is altogether limited in its range to the Western region.
A specimen was presented to me, when at Fort Osage on the Missouri river, by Lieut. Scott, of the Rifle regiment, a gentle- man, whose extraordinary skill as a marksman, has almost passed into a proverb in that country. I obtained two other specimens during the progress of Major Long’s exploring party towards the mountains.
The thorax varies in being in some specimens of a bright blue color, in others purplish.
The lower left figure.
[Also an Ancylochira.—Lxc.]
BUPRESTIS CAMPESTRIS.— Specific character. Elytra serrate, quadrilineate ; beneath canaliculate.
Buprestis campestris nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p- 165.
Desc. Head rugous, with large confluent punctures : front con-
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 61
eave ; antenne purple-black, the first and second joints ereen- ish-cupreous ; thorax unequal, with large confluent punctures each side, and canaliculate along the middle: posterior angles acute: scutel very small, transverse suborbicular, indented on the middle: elytra with four distant, somewhat elevated lines, and one or two near the suture: in the interstitial spaces are ir- regular, slightly elevated transverse lines, hardly visible to the un- assisted eye: before the middle of each elytrum, is a large, very slightly impressed spot, and another similar one, is rather behind the middle; there is also avery small common indented spot on the suture, opposite to the former spot; exterior edge serrated, from near the middle to the tip; tip simple, somewhat acute ; beneath cupreous, polished: a brilliant dilated coppery line extends from the mouth to the pectus; a large groove originates on the anterior part of the pectus, and terminates on the second seg- ment of the venter: tarsi dusky bluish.
Obs. This is one of our largest species, and although far less agreebly decorated than the preceding, is yet distinguished by a more uniform garb of polished metallic coloring. I captured the specimen when descending the Arkansaw river, with a detachment of Major Long’s exploring party.
The upper left figure.
[A Chalcophora closely allied to, or more probably, identical with Buprestis substrigosa Lap. and Gory.; the latter species occurs from New York to Missouri. Specimens from the original locality would however be desirable for comparison ; the figure is badly executed.—L«c. ]
VANESSA. Puatre XXVII.
Generic character. Antenne: terminated by an abrupt short club; palpi contiguous, even at the extremity, the two combined, resembling a rostrum; anterior pair of feet in both sexes, short and very hairy; the two posterior pairs of tarsi, with double nails.
Obs. The species which constitute the Fabrician genus Van- essa, were referred by Linné to his comprehensive genus Papilio.
The larvee or caterpillars in this genus, live on plants of little altitude, and are often gregarious; they are armed with numer- ous, long, rigid, dentated spines, which, like the quills of the
62 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Hedgehog, constitute their only defensive weapons. The chrysa- lids are attached to a fixed object by the tail, and in this reversed posture quietly wait for the period of final emancipation and per- fection.
The larva or caterpillar state of insects, has been aptly stated by the great Linné, to be a masked condition of the animal, con- cealing beneath its rude vermicular garb all the parts of the future perfect insect; the pupa he compared to an infant en- veloped in swaddling clothes, after the old fashion. The pupa of some species of the present genus presents a singular appearance : two elevations on the head resemble horns, and a prominence upon the back represents a nose of the human face, and but little aid of fancy is required to assimilate such pup to a grotesque mask. Many of these pups are worthy of the name of chrysa- lids, by which they were formerly distinguished, being splendidly decorated with spots, resembling burnished gold, and silver.
VANESSA FURCILLATA.— Specific character. Wings angular, with a common fulvous band, and two fulvous spots on the supe- rior wings; beneath, brown, with black lineations.
Desc. Superior wings above black, with a broad fulvous sub- marginal band, which is bifid at the costal margin, having the exterior division terminated by a white spot, and the inner division by a pale yellow one; between the band and the base of the wing, are two fulvous transverse spots; costal rib near the base, with yellow variegations; inferior wings above black, with a broad fulvous sub-marginal band, and on the black margin is a series of six or seven smal] sublunate purplish-ophalescent spots ; all the wings are blackish, with very numerous transverse blacker lineations, some of which are undulated, and deep velvet black ; a common pale brownish broad sub-marginal band also with the blackish lineations ; antenne yellow at tip of the club; venter dull whitish.
Obs. This pretty species we observed several times in the North-West Territory, during the progress of the late expedition under the command of Major S. H. Long, over that region. In the vicinity of Fort William, an establishment of the Hudson Bay Fur Company, it frequently occurred in the month of Sep- tember whilst the party remained at that place. It is closely
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 63
allied to polychloros and urtice of Europe, but is sufficiently dis- tinct from either. The plate presents two views of the insect.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS. Prats XXVIII.
Generic character. Body short, robust, cylindric ; head verti- cal; antennz inserted between the eyes, simple, filiform, more than half the length of the body ; palpi terminating with a conic- cylindric joint, maxillary palpi very apparent.
Obs. Many of this group are agreeably ornamented with colored spots and lines. They were mingled with the Chrysomele by Linné, from which they may be known by the more cylindrical form of the body, and by the abrupt deflection of the head. In these characters, the present genus corresponds with Clythra, to which it is more closely allied than to any other; but the an- tennee of Clythra are short and serrated, instead of being long, simple, and filiform, as in the genus before us. The genus Cryptocephalus was established by Geoffroy, and has been adopted by the greater number of entomologists who have written since his time. These insects feed on vegetables, and many of the species are very injurious to useful plants, by devouring their leaves andbuds. The larva is furnished with six scaly feet, which are situated near the head; some of the species in the larva state protect themselves from the ardor of the sun, and from the attacks of their enemies, by fabricating a cylindrical covering, closed at one end, into which they can withdraw every part of the body; it is generally composed of small grains of vegetable and excrementitious matter, agglutinated together by a viscous excretion from the body. With the head and feet protruded from this little domicil, and carrying it erect with respect to their pathway, the artificer proceeds at a slow pace, in quest of food. The perfect insect is also slow in its movements, and on the approach of danger, it counterfeits death by retracting the feet and antenne close to the body, and permitting itself to fall from any height to the ground.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS ORNATUS.—Specific character. Reddish- brown; thorax with the margin and two spots, yellow; elytra yellow, with two black vittee on each.
64 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Cryptocephalus ornatus Fabr. Syst. Eleut. pt. 2, p. 47, no. 32. Coqueb. Hlustr. Icon. Insect. p. 129, pl. 29, fig. 10, a. b.
Desc. Body reddish-brown: antenne black, five basal joints pale reddish-yellow ; orbital line yellow: thorax with the anterior and lateral margins yellow, the edge black ; base with two yellow, oblique abbreviated lines, curvilinearly united over the scutel, so as to form an are of a circle: elytra pale yellow, with two black, abbreviated yittee on each, and a black suture; the lateral vitta originates on the humerus, and terminates near the tip; the inner one is oblique, and becomes confluent with the suture a little beyond the middle; the common black sutural vitta includes the scutel at base, and does not reach the tip; edge all round, black; anal segment with an obscure yellow are.
Obs. The ornatus of Herbst, in Fuessly’s Archives, and of Olivier in the Encye. Method. is quite a different insect from the present ; but as that is an uncertain species, we prefer retain- ing the name for our insect.
This species is an inhabitant of various parts of the United States. I have found it in the middle and southern States, at the Rocky Mountains, and in the North-Western Territory. It is subject to vary, in having the exterior vitta of the elytra so widely interrupted in its continuity, as to exhibit only two re- mote spots.
The upper right figure.
[Not the Fabrician species according to Suffrian (Linn. Ent. 6, 241) and named by him C. calidus. Much confusion exists among our striped Cryptocephali, and examination is still neces- sary to distinguish species from races and varieties.—LEc. ]
CRYPTOCEPHALUS CONFLUENTUS [CONFLUENS ].— Specific char- acter. Rufous; elytra yellow, trilineate with black; the inner line confluent with the suture beyond the middle.
Cryptocephalus confluentus nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iil. p. 440.
Desc. Body yellowish-rufous: head impunctured, yellow; a rufous spot on the vertex, and another surrounding the base of each antenna: antennze black, pale at base: thorax impunctured ; anterior and lateral margins yellowish ; lateral submargin more deeply rufous than the disk: seutel black: elytra pale yellow, with punctured striae; three longitudinal, nearly parallel black
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. GO
lines on each elytron, the interior line confluent with the suture near the tip: edge all round, black: beneath rufous.
Obs. The similarity of this species with the preceding, is ob- vious, and even striking ; but it is specifically distinguished by the existence of two black lines on the elytra, in place of the exte- rior one of that insect. I obtained several specimens near the Rocky Mountains, when with Major Long’s party in that region, but it does not appear to be an inhabitant of the Atlantic States.
The upper left figure.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS BIVITTATUS.—NSpecific character. Yellow- ish-rufous, punctured ; elytra yellow, with two vitta, and sutural edge black.
Cryptocephalus bivittatus nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. ii. p. 440.
Desc. Body yellowish-rufous, punctured: orbits yellow: front with a longitudinal indented line: thorax with dense impressed punctures ; lateral margin and an abbreviated obsolete dorsal line originating at the anterior edge, more distinctly yellow: scutel black: elytra irregularly and densely punctured, one or two regular series of punctures on the exterior margin; color yellow; each elytrum with a broad black vitta originating midway be- tween the humerus and scutel, and not reaching the tip; another vitta, less dilated than the preceding, takes its rise at the hume- rus, and terminates a little beyond the tip of the preceding vitta; it is generally interrupted into two or three spots: beneath very pale rufous: postpectus varied with dusky.
Obs. I obtained this species near the Rocky Mountains, whilst descending the Arkansaw river with Major Long’s exploring party. Itis at once distinguishable from its companions on the annexed plate, by the confused and dense puncturation of its elytra.
The middle figure.
[This is a variety of Pachybrachys viduwatus according to Suf- frian, Linn. Ent. 7, 154.—Lec. |
CRYPTOCEPHALUS VIDUATUS.—Specific character. Black;
thorax with three abbreviated yellow lines; elytra yellow, with two black vittee.
Cryptocephalus viduatus Fabr. Syst. Eleut. pt. 2, p. 49. No. 49.
5
66 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Desc. Head black, with a yellowish spot at each superior can- thus of the eyes, and another at the mouth: antennz at base yellowish: front with an impressed line: thorax densely punc- tured; anterior and lateral margins yellow, tinged with rufous: a yellow abbreviated line commences at the middle of the ante- rior margin, and terminates at the middle of the disk; two dis- tant yellow abbreviated lines arise from the basal margin, and terminate each side of the middle of the disk: scutel black: elytra yellow, with striz of impressed punctures: two dilated black vittze, of which one originates on the humerus, and does not reach the tip, the other is rather shorter, originating midway between the preceding and the scutel, and hardly approaching the suture at its tip; suture black: anal segment whitish; be- neath black: feet rufous.
Obs. I obtained the specimen from which this description and the figure were taken, on the bank of the Mississippi river, above the confluence of the Ohio. Some doubts may reasonably be entertained, respecting the identity of this insect and the viduatus of Fabricius, on account of its smaller size, and the character of “ nedibus variegatus,” attributed to this insect by that author. But as the present specimen corresponds with his description in every other respect, and as the difference in magnitude may be dependent on sex alone, I have ventured to refer it to that spe- cies. It is now figured for the first time.
[Different from the Fabrician species according to Suffrian, who (Linn. Ent. 7, 227) has named it Pachybrachys litigiosus. —LEc. |
The lower right figure.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS OTHONUS.—Specijic character. Black; thorax with a narrow margin and abbreviated line, dull fulvous ; elytra yellowish, with two black vittee.
Desc. Head with small dense punctures ; black, with two trian- gular yellow or rufous spots at the superior canthi of the eyes : antenns yellowish at base: thorax black, confluently punctured, with a narrow margin all round, and a dorsal line extending from the anterior edge to the middle, dull fulvous : seutel black : elytra dull yellowish-white, with two broad black vittee abbreviated near the tip, the exterior one originates at the humerus, and the other takes its rise on the basal margin, midway between the ex-
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 67
terior vitta and the seutel, it does not approach the suture at its tip; sutural edge black ; the series of punctures are rather large and profoundly impressed : beneath black, punctured : feet pale testaceous.
Obs. This is the ©. bivittatus of Melsheimer’s Catalogue; I certainly would have adopted his name, had I not inadvertently pre-occupied it with the description of the preceding species, before I was acquainted with this insect. It can be readily per- ceived to be specifically distinct from either of those represented with it on the accompanying plate, by the confluent density of the thoracic punctures, as well as by its colors and their arrange- ment.
The lower left figure.
[Belongs to Pachybrachys.—Lxc. |
SCOLIA. Prats XXIX.
Generic character. Thorax with the first segment very much arcuated and contracted on the posterior middle ; antennz robust, with short close set joints; the first joint long, cylindrical ; second joint distinct; superior wings not folded ; radial cellule detached at tip from the anterior edge of the wing; cubital cellules two or three, the last one remote from the tip of the wing, the first one placed on the same longitudinal line with the radial cellule ; eyes emarginate ; stemmata three; thighs thick, arcuated in the females, compressed ; tail three spined in the males.
Obs. A genus, in some respects, closely allied to Tiphia and Plesia, but at once distinguishable by the emarginated eyes. The thighs are remarkable for their thickness and curvature. The form of the cubital cellules varies considerably, but to a determinate and limited extent. In the distribution of the nervures of the wings, Jurine remarks, they present more re- markable anomalies, than are to be found in any other hymenop- terous insects; “it would seem that nature, in circumscribing the extent of the cubital cellules, has amused herself with vary- ing them in several respects of manner and form, supplying to one part what she retrenches from another.” Latreille has availed himself of these anomalies, to form divisions of the numerous species of this genus. This author gives the following account of the species: Many of them are of a large size, and
68 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
inhabit warm and temperate climates exclusively. In Europe, the larger species begin to appear about the forty-third degree of latitude. Their metamorphosis is unknown, but Mr. Latreille supposes that their larvee are parasitical, from the circumstance of his not having seen the parents transport larve, spiders, &c., to feed their young. They frequent arid, sandy places, and feed on the contents of the nectary of flowers.
SconIA CONFLUENTA [CONFLUENS?].—WSpectfic character. Black ; tergum trifasciate with yellow.
Scolia confluenta nobis, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. ii. p. 74.
Desc. Body deep black ; antenne short, arcuated: front, occi- put with yellowish cinereous hair: thorax immaculate, with yel- lowish cinereous hair before: wings tinged with ferruginous : nervures ferruginous: cubital cellules two, the second receiving two recurrent nervyures: metathorax acutely edged and hairy above; behind concave and very rugous, with elevated, abbre- viated, transverse lines, and a longitudinal one: tibize rugous, armed with prominent spines: abdomen, segments ciliated on the edge: tergum trifasciate with yellow; first band with a small black dot on the middle of the anterior edge ; second band widely and deeply emarginated on the anterior middle, and rather abruptly narrowed on the side; third band composed of two con- fluent triangles, which are marked by a small black transverse dot near the exterior angle of each.
Obs. This fine species inhabits Arkansaw ; it agrees with the description of fossulana Fabr., excepting that it has but three bands on the tergum.
The upper figure.
Scotia OCLO-MACULATA.— Specific character. Thorax black, scutel with a yellow line; tergum four-spotted each side.
Scolia octo-maculata nobis, West Quart. Report. vol. ii. p. 74.
Head black, with the vertex, basal joint of the antenne, ante- rior margin of the clypeus, and base of the mandibles, dull rufous: thorax black, anterior segment, and two spots before the seutel, obsoletely dull rufous: scutel with a yellow line: meta- thorax rufous each side and above: superior wings tinged with purplish ; costal margin rufous to the tip of the cellules: cubital cellules three, the intermediate one petiolated, and receiving two
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 69
recurrent nervures: feet rufous: tergum dusky rufous, with four transversely oval bright yellow spots on each side, of which the anterior one is very small, and the posterior one is nearly extended into a band.
Obs. Inhabits various parts of the Union, and is not uncom- mon in Pennsylvania. ‘The wing cells are remarkable; the in- termediate cubital cellule having two recurrent neryures.
The lower figure.
ScoLIA TRICINCTA.—Specijic character. Black; collar with two yellow spots; scutel with one yellow spot; tergum trifasciate with yellow.
Scolia tricincta nobis, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. ii. p. 74.
Desc. Body black: front with obscure yellowish hair: mandi- bles rufous at base: collar with a yellow spot on each side, some- times united: squammula rufous: scutel with a small yellow spot: feet rufous: superior wings dusky on the costal tip, ner- vures ferruginous: cubital cells two, the second receiving one recurrent nervure: tergum with three yellow bands, of which the first and second are nearly, or, quite interrupted in the middle each into two oval spots; first segment with an obscure piceous band.
Obs. The terminal nervure of the radial cellule is so perfectly transverse, that the cellule has not the usual appearance of being separated at tip from the costal edge of the wing. The species is, notwithstanding this anomaly, a true Scolia.
The middle figure.
PIERIS. Puate XXX.
Generic character. Feet nearly equal; nails of the tarsi very apparent, bifid or unidentate; inferior wings dilated beneath the abdomen, so as to form a groove.
Obs. This is one of the many genera into which the vast and sumptuous genus Papilio, of Linné, has been separated. We are indebted for it to Schrank. It nearly corresponds to the group of Danai candidi, and includes the genera Colias, and Pontia of Fabricius, and Gonepteryx of Leach.
These butterflies are natives of various regions of the globe: some of them are very frequent in almost every field, and must
70 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
have been noticed by the most casual observer, flitting with a devious direction over the herbage, and on meeting with a com- panion mounting aloft in the air, witha hurried and irregular movement. Some species occasionally alight in great numbers on moist places in roads.
The caterpillar is destitute of the retractile tentacula of the neck, and the chrysalis is of an angulated form, attached to a fixed object aby thread passed around the body, the head being upward.
PIERIS NICIPPE.— Specific character. Wings slightly crenate, fulvous ; terminal margin black-brown; upper pair with a black abbreviated line before the middle on each page; inferior pair with abbreviated ferruginous lines and spots.
Papilio nicippe Cramer, tab. 210, fig. C, D. Herbst, Natur. Ins. pt. 5, p. 176, pl. 107, fig. 3, 4.
Desc. The black terminal margin of the upper wings extends along the costal margin nearly to the middle ; the black transverse line on this pair of wings is very short, and consists of two cur- vatures ; this curvilinear line appears also on the inferior surface, which is yellow, very slightly tinged with fulvous on the disk, with a blackish point at each indentation of the edge, and an ovate bright fulvous spot near the base; the black terminal mar- gin of the inferior wings has a prominent undulation in the mid- dle ; the inferior surface of this pair of wings is yellow, marked by numerous brownish or ferruginous abbreviated transverse lines, a minute black point in the centre of the wing, and two or three more obvious, irregularly undulated, ferruginous, oblique lines: head and thorax above, blackish: antenne blackish, be- neath white, with black incisures: feet whitish: abdomen black, each side with a yellow line : venter with yellow incisures.
Obs. It is said by Cramer to inhabit Virginia, but it is also found in Pennsylvania, and in all the Southern States. It is subject to some little variations; the fine fulvous spot near the base of the inferior surface of the upper wings, is sometimes white, and the oblique lines under the inferior wings, differ in width and distinctness.
The plate represents two views of the natural size.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Til
REDUVIUS Fabr., Latr. Piuate XXXTI.
Generic character. Body not linear; thorax sub-bilobate ; ros- tellum arcuated, three-jointed, middle joint longest: antennee in- serted above a line drawn from the eyes to the base of the rostrum ; tibiz simple.
Obs. Linné placed the species in the same genus with the common and well known “ bed-bug,” from which, however, they are without doubt very distinct. Under the reforming hand of Fabricius, they were established as a separate group, with the present designation. These insects are carnivorous, and live by rapine in all their states. They seize smaller insects, and suck out their fluids. The collector must be very cautious how he handles these insects, as they are apt to inflict a painful punc- ture with their very pointed beak. When disturbed they emit an acute sound, by the friction of the base of the head or the neck against the thorax.
REDUVIUS NOVENARIUS.— Specific character. Blackish; an- tennee and rostellum rufous: thorax crested, crest eight or nine toothed.
Desc. Brownish liver color, with very short hair; head cylin- drical, a profoundly impressed transverse line between the eyes: a spine behind each antenna inclining forwards: antenne ru- fous; rostellum dark rufous, first joint more than half the whole length of the organ; thorax with a short robust spine each side at the base of the head: crest prominent, with eight or nine cylindrical, rather distant teeth: lateral angles bidentate, poste- rior tooth largest: posterior margin crenate, with two promi- nent, terminal spines: hemelytra, membranaceous portion, brassy : feet simple, rather long; tibiee tinged with rufous.
Obs. This large and fine species is not uncommon in various parts of the Union, at least from Pennsylvania to the southern boundary. Its puncture is very painful, benumbing the vicinity of the wounded part, for a considerable time.
Its great similarity to the R. cristatus of South America, has hitherto induced entomologists to identify it with that species ; but having carefully considered their respective characters, [ am of opinion that they are distinct, though certainly very closely allied. The cristatus has at least twelve denticulations to its
72 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
crest, and its pale rufous tibize, strongly contrast with the femoral color
The upper right figure of the plate.
ReEDUVIUS cRASSIPES.— Specific character. Blackish ; thorax and abdomen margined with reddish; feet thick.
Reduvius crassipes Fabr., Syst. Rhyng. p. 278.
Desc. Body villous ; posterior lobe bituberculate: thorax mar- gined all around with red ; anterior lobe with a triangular central indentation; scutel with a red band beyond the middle: heme- lytra with a reddish humerus; coriaceous portion with two or three obsolete reddish points at tip; membranaceous portion much deeper black; tergum with red triangular spots on the incisures at the lateral margin: pectus with a spot above the in- sertion of each foot, and coxee red: venter margined each side with red.
Obs. This species was obtained by Bose, in Carolina, and was described from his collection by Fabricius. I found the specimen in Arkansaw.
The lower right figure.
REDUVIUS SPISstPES.— Specific character. Thorax and he- melytra light reddish-brown, edged behind with whitish; feet thick.
Reduvius spissipes nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iv. p. 328.
Desc. Head black, posterior lobe with two tubercles: thorax light reddish-brown ; anterior lobe with dilated, black, oblique, or arcuated lines, of which some are confluent ; posterior lobe hardly more elevated than the preceding, with a black posterior sub- margin, and white posterior margin ; scutel black, margined with white, and tipped by a few hairs: hemelytra, coriaceous portion light reddish-brown, with a narrow whitish posterior margin; membranaceous portion black, or dark fuscous; feet thickened, black, hairy; coxze bright red: abdomen black ; margin and band on each segment, white.
Obs. The species here described, is very closely allied to the crassipes. It occurred in some plenty in Arkansaw.
The lower left figure.
REDUVIUS RAPTATORIUS.—Specific characters. | Obscure
brownish: head, thorax, and anterior feet spinous; the latter raptatory.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. To
Reduvius raptatorius nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iv. p.327.
Dese. Body oblong, obscure brownish; head with a deeply impressed line above the eyes, spinous; six larger spines before the impressed line, placed two and two, and two or four larger ones behind the line: stemmata sanguineous; eyes inserted in the lateral middle of the head : antenne inserted near the tip of the clypeus, with dilated annulations of dull rufous and pale ; rostellum slightly arcuated, pale: thorax with numerous, short, obtuse spines on the anterior lobe, and dense granulations on the posterior lobe : posterior angles hardly prominent; feet somewhat pale, sub-annulate, granulated: anterior pair raptatory; thighs unequal, anterior pair robust, villous, dusky, armed with an erect, prominent, obtuse spine, near the tip above, and a double series of ten equal, equidistant, acute spines beneath; anterior tibiz with a double series of six similar spines on the inner side; ter- gum rufous on the disk, margin varied with black and pale; hemelytra on the membranaceous tip, with a longitudinal red- dish-brown line.
Obs. This may possibly prove to be the R. diadema Fabr. It is common in many parts of the Union, and I found it not un- common in Missouri, as well as in Pennsylvania.
The upper left figure of the plate.
TREMEX. Priate XXXII.
Generic Character. Antennz setaceous, inserted on the front, thirteen or fourteen jointed; mandibles robust, short, denti- culated; labial palpi terminated by a thick, hairy joint; supe- rior wings with two radial cellules, the second incomplete, and two cubital cellules, of which the first is very large, receiving the two recurrent nervures, the second incomplete, not attain- ing the end of the wing ; abdomen sessile, terminating in a point ; oviduct exserted.
Obs. This genus is very similar to Sirex, from which it was separated by Jurine. It may be distinguished by the smaller number of joints in the antennz, as well as by the number and form of the cellules of the wings.
TREMEX SERICEUS.— Specific character. Ferruginous: ter- gum yellowish-sericeous. Tremex sericeus nobis, Western Quarterly Reporter vol. ii. p.73.
74 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Desc. Body ferruginous, punctured ; head with three indented longitudinal lines on the vertex, and a transverse one between the eyes; antenne yellowish ; thorax scabrous before, disk with a black spot on each side: wings brownish-fuliginous: carpus yellowish : feet pale yellowish: thighs ferruginous: tergum pale yellowish-fulyous, sericeous: pectus, above the posterior feet, black.
Obs. The specimen is a female. I obtained it in Missouri, whilst engaged in the exploring expedition under the command of Major Long.
The upper figure.
TREMEX OBSOLETUS.—/Specijic character. Ferruginous ; ter- gum black.
Tremex obsoletus nobis, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. i. p. 73.
Desc. Body ferruginous, punctured: head with three obsolete indented lines upon the vertex, and a transverse one between the eyes: antennz pale ferruginous: thorax scabrous before, with a black spot on each side of the disk: wings yellowish brown, hya- line; carpus rufous; posterior tibia and tarsi, black at their tips; tergum black, polished ; segments, particularly those near the base, with an obsoletely rufous spot on each side, more dis- tinct on the fourth segment.
Obs. Taken in the same region with the preceding. The num- ber of cubital cellules do not correspond with the definition of the genus, as we have here adopted it. There are, in fact, three cubital cellules, of which the first is very small, and it is the second which receives the recurrent nervures. Notwith- standing this character, however, there can be no doubt of these insects being correctly arranged, when placed in this genus.
The left figure.
TREMEX COLUMBA.—Specific character. Thorax ferruginous; abdomen with a band, and lateral spots yellow.
Sirex Columba Fabr., Syst. Piez. p. 49. Ameen. Acad. vol. vi. p. 412. (Fabr.)
Sirex Pennsylvanica Degeer, Ins. vol. iii. p. 393, pt. 1, pl. 80, fig. 13, (Fabr.)
Desc. Head ferruginous: vertex a little grooved, a blackish line through the stemmata passes upon the posterior orbits: an-
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 7)
tenn black, four basal joints pale ferruginous, two terminal joints fulvous: thorax ferruginous, sutures blackish: wings blackish: carpus ferruginous: tergum deep black; first seg- ment with a small obsolete spot each side, yellow; second seg- ment yellow, with an inconspicuous longitudinal black line; re- maining segments with an oblong-triangular yellow spot on the base of each ; terminal spine, and valves of the oviduct, ferrugin- ous: pectus black, a large ferruginous spot beneath the anterior wings: feet pale ferruginous; thighs above, and posterior pair entirely, black: venter, with the segments slightly tinged with piceous.
Obs. The specimen above described, was taken on the bank of the Missouri river. It inhabits many parts of the Union, and is a very fine species.
The right figure.
PANGONIA. Prats XXXII.
Generic character. Wings divaricated ; antenne porrect, ap- proximate, three-jointed ; first joint cylindrical, second cyathi- form; third joint elongated, subulate, eight-ringed; proboscis elongated, exserted ; stemmata three: abdomen of seven seg- ments.
Obs. This genus is very closely allied to Tubanus, the species having a close resemblance to each other; but, on accurate com- parison, we shall agree with Latreille in the propriety of separat- ing them. In fact, the Zabani are altogether destitute of the stemmata, aud are very different from insects of the present genus in several other characters, such as the form of their antennex, the disposition of the nervures of their wings, and the comparative length of their proboscis. In some of the species, the stemmata are so small as to require a lens to discover them, but they certainly exist in all. Six species are described by Meigen as inhabiting Europe ; and five extra Europeans are de- seribed by Wiedemann.
These insects are inhabitants of warm climates, and are said to subsist upon the honey of flowers; but Meigen suspects that their females feed on the blood of animals, like those of the spe- cies of other genera in this family.
PANGONIA INCISURALIS.— Specific character. Thorax dusty
76 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
glaucous, with dirty yellowish hair; abdomen dark chestnut, with whitish incisures.
Pangonia incisuralis nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 31.
Desc. Front ochreous: ocelli distinct: hypostoma dusky : palpi: and sete of the proboscis testaceous: proboscis black : antenne pale yellowish : occiput with very short, greenish-yel- low hair: thorax with two distinct obsolete lines: wings reddish- brown: feet yellowish: thighs dark chestnut at base : tergum and venter @ dark chestnut, polished, the posterior margins of the segments whitish, and slightly hairy; ® pale testaceous, with short hair.
Obs. This is the only species yet known to inhabit North America. It was brought from Arkansaw by Mr. Thomas Nuttall.
The upper figure exhibits the appearance of the male, and the lower that of the female.
GRYLLUS. Puate XXXIV.
Generic character. Antenne filiform, with from twenty to twenty-five joints; hemelytra and wings deflected, the latter large, much folded ; posterior feet formed for leaping, hardly longer than the body ; tarsi three-jointed; oviduct not exserted ; stemmata unequidistant.
Obs. Insects of this genus are well known to every person in this country by the familiar and characteristic name of “ grass- hoppers.” They are in some seasons very abundant, and become an inconvenience to the farmer, by devouring his grasses and other vegetable productions. But their increase here is always limited, so that, even when most numerous, a great portion of the crop is saved. There are countries, however, where this is not the case, and we have only to inform the reader, that the migratory locust is one of the members of this genus, to apprize him of their formidable character. “Of all the insects which seem capable of adding to the calamities of the human race, lo- custs seem to possess the most formidable powers of destruction. Legions of these voracious animals of various species are pro- duced in Africa, where the devastation they commit, is almost incredible. The air is darkened by their numbers; they carry desolation with them wherever they pass, and in the short space
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. ving
of a few hours are said to change the most fertile provinces into a barren desert.” During their migrations in search of food, they move in immense dense masses, which resemble huge thun- der or hail clouds, and at the termination of their career, every leaf is soon devoured, and the atmosphere is finally loaded with putrid exhalations from their dead bodies, producing pestilence in the train of a general famine, which is the consequence of their voracity.
Swarms of these animals have appeared in various parts of Europe, from Tartary, and small flights have made their way even into England. A species of this genus occasioned so much destruction in some parts of Europe, that in the year 1813 the French government issued decrees with a view to the destruction of the larve. Although the thickly settled parts of the United States are altogether unacquainted with the scourge of any spe- cies of migratory locust, yet we shall have occasion at a future time, to speak of several species found within the limits of our territory, that have already proved a very serious evil.
There seems to be little doubt, that a species, probably the G. migratorius, constituted one of the plagues of Kgypt mentioned in the Bible; and that John the Baptist was compelled to use them for food during his sojourn in the wilderness.
Even at the present day, the inhabitants of divers countries of Africa, make great use of these destructive insects for food. For this purpose, the insect requires but little preparation, and we be- lieve the hemelytraand wings are always rejected, whether it is to be eaten fresh, or salted. In the latter state, they are constantly ex- posed for sale in the markets of the Levant, and they are known to be a considerable article of commerce in that region.
Many travellers assure us that they constitute an agreeable food; according to Shaw, when fried with a little salt, they have the taste of the Cray-fish, a crustaceous animal like a miniature lobster, abounding in our fresh water streams. Some of the Arabs are stated by Niebuhr, to preserve large quantities of these insects in the dried state, for winter consumption.
The Grylli feed exclusively on vegetables. They fly with a considerable strength of wing, and some species make a noise when they poise themselves in the air previously to alighting, by striking the hemelytra together. During their several changes,
78 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
they continue active and voracious, and their gait is always either a leap or a walk. In the larva state, they are destitute of any appearance of wings or hemelytra, but on changing to the pupa, they gain the rudiments of those members, to be completely de- veloped at the next change.
GRYLLUS FoRMOSUS.—Specific character. Thorax with a much elevated, compressed, and denticulated carina.
Desc. Body pale green: antennz yellowish: thorax armed with numerous small denticles, above compressed, very much elevated into a regularly arcuated carina, forming a portion of a circle, the centre of which is anterior to the origin of the heme- lytra; carina with two yellow radii, and yellow posterior and anterior edges; posterior half of the edge, prominently denticu- lated: hemelytra with about six large brown spots, with areole, placed 2, 2, 2: posterior thighs annulate, with yellow.
Obs. When returning with a detachment of Major Long’s party, at a distance of about an hundred and fifty miles from the mountains, on the banks of the Arkansaw river, I had the plea- sure to find a considerable number of this uncommonly beautiful species. It occurred only in a very limited district, and was not afterwards seen.
The middle figure, with a wing above on the left.
GRYLLUS HIRTIPES.—NSpecific character. Head conic, pos- terior segment of the thorax elevated into a carina.
Desc. Body pale green: head above conic, elevated, with dark green lines: antenne red: thorax varied with dark green; pos- terior segment compressed above, and elevated into a prominent, arcuated, mutic carina: hemelytra with large, confluent, dark green spots: feet hairy; posterior tibie densely hairy.
Obs. A curious species, of which the conic head gives it the ar of a Truxalis, but the antennz are not ensiform, neither are the posterior thighs elongated, as in that genus. The anterior segment of the thorax is altogether destitute of any appearance of carina.
It occurred with the preceding.
The upper figure, with a wing below on the right.
GRYLLUS TRIFASCIATUS.— Specific character. Hemelytra tri-
fasciate with fuscous ; wings pale yellow at base, with a fuscous band.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 79
Desc. Head green: antenne blackish, first and second joints pale; triangular space between the eyes, brown, extending in a curved line backwards and downwards: thorax greenish-brown, above depressed, on the two anterior segments an inconspicuous, hardly elevated, longitudinal line : hemelytra pale dull yellowish, at base brownish, nervures at tip, dusky ; three equidistant broad brownish-black bands, the intermediate one on the middle : wings pale yellow, with a slight tinge of green; a broad brownish black band, narrowed and marginal behind; tip dull whitish, with the nervures blackish : posterior thighs dull yellowish, with a black band on the middle, on the inner side, extending broadly towards the base ; tip blackish: posterior tibiz bright fulvous.
Obs. This pretty insect occurred in Arkansaw, at the distance of about three hundred miles from the Rocky Mountains.
The lower figure.
HETEROMYIA. Prats XXXV.
Artificial character. Antenne porrect, filiform, fourteen jointed ; five terminal joints elongated; palpi exserted, a little arcuated, four jointed ; basal joint shortest, a little contracted in the middle; ocelli none; eyes reniform; posterior feet much elongated, slender, and with a single nail at tip; anterior pair with somewhat elongated coxa, and much dilated femora, armed with a series of short spines on the anterior edge, on which the arcuated tibia closes.
Natural character. Body moderately slender; head small, rounded, flattened before; antennz: in the middle of the face; first joint large, but not long; the eight following joints sub- oval ; the five terminal joints long, not dilated, cylindric, each being twice the length of one of the preceding ones; eyes reni- form, large, wider beneath, and approaching above ; stemmata none; palpi areuated, four jointed, first joint shortest, last joint longest ; proboscis shorter than the head; thorax sub-globular, convex above, and projecting a little forward acutely before ; be- neath convex; scutel transverse; wings moderate, somewhat lanceolate ; poisers naked ; feet unequal; anterior pair with the coxse somewhat elongated ; thighs dilated, and with a series of spines on the lower side; tibia arcuated, accurately closing on the inferior surface of the thigh ; tarsi moderate ; intermediate
80 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
pair slender, longer than the anteriors; third pair longest, slen- der, the tarsi elongated, terminated by a single long and slender nail.
Obs. This genus is closely allied to Tanypus, Chironomus, and Ceratopogon, but it differs from them by the remarkable confor- mation of the anterior and posterior feet.
[This genus appears to be one of the numerous forms of Cera- topogon. Mr. Winnertz in his excellent Monograph of this genus (Linnea Entomologia, 6,) did not subdivide it into new genera, but among the forms he mentions several which are very like Heteroymia. Some of them have one claw of the tarsi much shorter than the other, approaching by this character Heteromyia, which according to Say has but one claw on the posterior tarsi. It is strange that Say does not describe the antennz of the male. —SACKEN. ]
HETEROMYIA FASCIATA.—Specific character. Wings hyaline, trifasciate with dusky.
Desc. Body testaceous: thorax with a black disk: wings with three equidistant bands, the two exterior ones somewhat conflu- ent: posterior thighs a little dilated towards the tip: abdomen with a silvery sericeous reflection; % cylindrical, @ dilated towards the tip.
Variety a. Thorax entirely testaceous.
Obs. The manners and habits of this insect are unknown, though it is of rather frequent occurrence.
HIPPARCHIA. Prater XXXVI.
Generic character. Antennze with a slender, somewhat fusci- form, [fusiform ?] or trigonate-orbicular club ; palpi meeting above the tongue, with the second joint very much compressed, and much longer than the first ; anterior pair of feet shorter than the rest, and often very hairy; feet of the other legs with double nails; hinder wings somewhat orbiculate-triangulate, with the internal margin excavated to receive the abdomen; the middle cell closed behind, from which part the nervures radiate; the outer margin entire, or with acute or obtuse indentations. (Leach)
Obs. We adopt the generic name from Fabricius. It is the Maniola of Schrank, Satyrus of Latreille, and of course, Papilio
Linné. The genus is numerous in species, and the wings of
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 81
many are beautifully ornamented with eye-like spots. The cater- pillar is downy and bimucronate behind. The pupa is suspended by the tail; it is angulated, bimucronate on the front.
HiIPPARCHIA ANDROMACHA.—Specific character. Wings brown, with sub-marginal blackish spot; beneath paler, sub- perlaceous, with a series of ocellate spots.
Oreas marmorea Andromacha Hubner.
Desc. Body above, and the superior surface of the wings, brown : anterior wings beyond the middle, with a broad paler band, bifid before, and including a series of four fuscous oval spots, or epupillate ocelle, of which the second, and sometimes the third, are small, and the posterior one largest; between the band and the exterior edge is a single narrow pale line, sometimes obsolete ; exterior edge alternately white and black: posterior wings with a narrow, fuscous, angulated line across the middle, and a broad pale band beyond the middle, in which is a series of five fuscous epupillate ocellee, with a yellow iris, the third smallest, then the fifth, the first being largest; exterior margin slightly tinged with rufous, and with one or two fuscous lines: beneath perlaceous, with a brown narrow band before the middle, and another rather beyond the middle; beyond which, is a broad lighter perlaceous band, in which, on the superior wings are four epupillate ocellee, the two or three anterior ones small; and on the inferior wings are six ocellate spots, consisting of a fuscous spot surrounded by a yellow line, and haying a white pupil ; first spot distant, third small, fifth double; exterior margin with a yellow line.
Obs. Two specimens of this insect were presented to me by Mr. Thomas Nuttall, who obtained them in Arkansaw. It seems probable, that they also inhabit the southern Atlantic States, as Hubner has given a plate of the insect. It has not been found so far north as Pennsylvania.
SPECTRUM. Prats XXXVII. and XXXVIII.
Generic character. Body elongated, slender, cylindrical ; head slightly inclined, oval; antennz long, slender, with numerous joints, inserted before the eyes; palpi cylindrical, short ; labium quadrifid, the two inner divisions shortest ; feet simple, the ante-
6
82 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
rior pair being similar to the others; tarsi five-jointed ; elytra very short or none.
Obs. We are told that there was a time, when a piece of wood was transformed into a serpent, and even in the present age of knowledge, a hair fallen from the mane or tail of a horse into a stream of water, is believed by many to become animated into a distinct being ; dead leaves shed by the parent tree are said to change gradually into animals of singular shape, and to have changed their place of abode under the eye of the historian who related the wonderful tale; dead sticks also were said to sprout legs, to move from place to place, and perform all the functions of a living body. These, and a thousand other equally ridiculous tales, were at one period or another, more or less generally ad- mitted as indisputable truths, and to contradict them would only be to expose oneself to the imputation of ignorance or criminal faithlessness. And although at present the possibility of making a living serpent out of wood, and the story of animated leaves and sticks would be despised as absurd, yet many are to be found, both in Europe and America, who firmly believe in the reanima- tion of a horsehair. But the most obvious errors have often a shadow of truth whereon to rest, or palliate, if not excuse them by the plea of ignorance or mistake. The historian of the walk- ing leaf may have been deceived by the Mantis siccifolium of Linné, the wings of which have some resemblance to a leaf. The Gordius resembles a horsehair, and no doubt gave rise to the story of the metamorphosis above mentioned, and the account of the walking sticks may have very honestly originated from the singular appearance and form of some insects of the present genus. These are long, slender and cylindrical; and on a first view it is not a little difficult to reconcile their appearance to our preconceived ideas of the general insect form. They are never- theless perfectly inoffensive, and feed altogether on vegetables. They are, probably, indebted for safety from the attacks of their enemies the birds, to their deceptive appearance, and by their general similarity in point of color to the object on which they rest.
SPECTRUM FEMORATUM.—<Specific character. Apterous; in- termediate thighs dilated, angulated, and with the posterior thighs armed with a spine near the tip beneath.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 83
Desc.—Male. Body greenish-brown, without any rudiment of hemelytra; head yellowish with three dilated fuscous vitte ; antennz brown: anterior thighs unarmed, simple, bright green: tibia dull green, tip and tarsus testaceous ; intermediate thighs dilated, angulated, pale ochreous, annulated with brown, the in- ferior angulated lines slightly serrated; a prominent, piceous, acute, robust spine beneath near the tip ; tibize greenish, slightly serrated on the inner side; tarsus testaceous; posterior thighs brownish, ochreous, with a prominent, piceous, acute, robust spine near the tip beneath.
Female. Body cinereous, more robust than that of the male: thighs nearly equal, intermediate and posterior pairs with the subterminal spines very short.
Obs. I first published an account of this species in “ Long’s second Expedition,” from a male specimen obtained near the Falls of Niagara on a Hickory tree. I had previously found an individual in Missouri, and recently on a journey with Mr. Maclure, I found several specimens on the sheltered face of a rock at Franklin, New Jersey; amongst these was the female which we now make known.
Since the above was written, Mr. Charles Pickering, of Salem, Massachusetts, has informed me that he obtained an individual near that city.
The left figure of the plate represents the female.
The right hand figure, the male.
SPECTRUM BIVITTATUM.— Specific character. Brown or black- ish, with two yellow dorsal vittz.
Desc.—Male. Body above black, with two broad yellow vitte extending from the base of the antennz to the posterior ex- tremity of the body: antennz dull reddish brown, not much elongated: beneath dull yellowish clay color: feet dusky, thighs unarmed, blackish towards the tip.
Female, much larger than the male, the body brownish in those parts which on the male are black, with the exception of the vertebral line which is black ; the yellow vittze become some- times obsolete towards the posterior part of the body: thighs unarmed.
Obs. The disparity of size between the sexes of this species, would almost lead us to doubt their specific identity, or at least
84 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
it would induce us to believe that the diminutive male is no other than the young of the female he accompanies as a mate.
On a journey to Florida with Mr. Maclure, I obtained a female which was crawling up the body of an Orange tree on Cumber- land Island, Georgia. The male I had not seen until the recent return of Mr. T. Peale from that country, who brought many individuals of both sexes. He observed them in plenty in the southern part of that region. They were generally in pairs, on the Palmetto, lying close to the rib of the leaf. Mr. Peale re- marked that when taken they discharge a milky fluid, from two pores of the thorax, diffusing a strong odor, in a great measure like that of the common Gnapthalium, or “ Life everlasting ;” and as this plant was growing near the place where they occurred, he supposed that it constituted at least part of their food. They vary much in color, but it is believed that the two dorsal yellow stripes are never wanting.
The upper figure of the plate represents the male.
The lower figure, the female.
LANGURIA. Pratt XXXIX.
Generic character. Body rather slender, cylindrical ; antennz with a gradually formed club of five or six joints; palpi filiform, terminal joint of the labials a little larger than the others; mandibles bifid at tip; maxillee with horny teeth; tarsi with dense hairs beneath the three basal joints, the third bilobate.
Obs. The manners and habits of these insects are but little known, and as the species are chiefly North American, it is with our entomologists that the task of investigating them will rest. They have been said to frequent flowers, and I can corroborate the truth of the remark, by stating that I have frequently found them on flowers myself; but as Latreille observes, if they feed only on the contents of the nectary, to what use can the horny teeth be applied with which their jaws are furnished? This is a very limited genus; Fabricius described three species in his last work on insects of this order, two from Sumatra under the names of Trogosita elongata and jiliformis, and the other from North America, under that of Trogosita bicolor. He perceived that they did not altogether correspond with the other species of the group to which he referred them, for when describing the ~
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 85 /
latter species, he expressly states, that in its elongated and cylin- drical appearance it differed from Tenebrio, and that it ought perhaps to form a distinct genus. Liatreille finally established a genus under the name we have adopted, in his “ Histoire Natu- relle des Crustacés et Insectes,” for the reception of the bicolor. In his “ Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum,” he described an- other under the name of L. Mozardi; and in the pages of the “Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,” I increased the number to six, by the publication of two new species.
LANGURIA BICOLOR.—Specific character. Black, slender: thorax rufous, with a dilated black vitta.
Trogosita bicolor Fabr. Syst. Eleut. part 1, p. 152.
Laguria bicolor Latr. Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. 12, p. 35. Genera Crust. et Ins. 3, p. 65. pl. 11, fig. 11. Lam. An. sans Vert. 4, p. 289.
Desc. Body piceous-black, slender: head dark piceous, with very obvious punctures: thorax pale yellowish-rufous, with ob- vious, rather distant punctures, and a dilated vitta of a dark piceous color, occupying about one-third of the surface: elytra black, with strongly impressed striz of punctures: pectus pale yellowish rufous: postpectus black : feet blackish-piceous : venter piceous.
Obs. It may be distinguished from the puneticollis, to which it is perhaps most closely allied, aside from its colors and more elongated form, by the obvious punctures of the head and thorax, as well as by the more deeply impressed punctures of the striz and the approximation of the strize to each other.
The lowest figure of the plate.
[Latreille was the first to apply the name of Fabricius to this species with which his description by no means agrees: other authors have copied his error. I have named it L. Latreillet ; vide Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 7, 160.—LEc. ]
LanaurtaA Mozarpit.—Specifie character. Rufous ; antenne, elytra, and feet black.
Languria Mozardi Watr. Genera Crust. et Ins. 3, p. 66. Lamarck An. sans Vert. 4, p. 290.
Desc. Body pale rufous, glabrous: antennz dark piceous: thorax immaculate: elytra punctured ; the punctures placed in
86 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
regular series, deeply impressed, but without impressed striz : feet black ; thighs pale-rufous at base, tibiz with a slight rufous tinge : venter with the three posterior segments black.
Obs. This species was first described by Latreille in his ela- borate and important work entitled “Genera crustaceorum et insectorum.” The specific name is that of the donor. The Mozardi has not been hitherto figured.
The left figure of the plate.
LANGURIA PUNCTICOLLIS.—Specijie character. Rufous; an- tennx, thoracic spot, elytra and feet black.
LL. puncticollis nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei. 3, p. 462.
Desc. Body rufous: antenne and palpi black: thorax with a small, round, black spot on the middle, and an abbreviated, in- dented line upon the basal margin each side of the middle; ely- tra with rather slight strize of impressed points, black, slightly tinged with blue: feet entirely black : venter, terminal segment, black.
Obs. I obtained this species on the bank of the Mississippi river, above the confluence of the Ohio. It somewhat resembles LL. bicolor Fabr., but is more robust.
The upper figure of the plate.
LANGURIA TRIFASCIATA.—Specific character. Rufous; head. black: elytra bifasciate with violaceous.
LL. 3-fasciata nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Se. iii. p. 462.
Desc. Body rufous, punctured: head black: antennae, with the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth joints, dull rufous: thorax Immaculate: elytra with a violaceous base and tip; each band occupying about one-third of the entire length; with striz of punctures: feet pale: venter at the tip, and obsoletely at base, black.
Obs. This species was also found on the bank of the Missis- sippi, above the entrance of the Ohio river. It is about equal in size to the L. Mozardi Latr.
The right figure of the plate.
PAPILIO. Prats XL.
For generic characters, see the article on Papilio Philenor. [ante p. 1.]
Obs. In pursuance of his attempt to unite natural and civil his-
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 87
tory, Linné divided his vast genus Papilio into several families, of which he named the first Equites or Knights. This family, con- taining some of the largest and most beautiful of the insect tribes, was subdivided into Trojans and Greeks. The former were dis- tinguished by red spots on the breast.
The P. Philenor which we have already represented, belongs to the division of Trojans. But this arrangement has been abandoned by modern authors, who apply the name of Papilio only to the Linnxan Kquites, subdividing the genus into those which have the inferior wings elongated behind in the form of a tail, and those which have them simply rounded in that part.
Much has been said and written relative to the acuteness of the sensation of pain in insects, and whatever may have a ten- dency to prevent acts of wanton barbarity ought certainly to be encouraged, as far as it is conformable to truth, but not further. The poet’s assertion, that the worm, crushed beneath the foot of the passenger, “ feels a pang as great as when a giant dies,” can- not be substantiated, and proves nothing, therefore, but that the author declared positively what he merely believed or imagined to be true. My opinion, to the contrary ofall this, is founded on such facts as the following. I caught an insect belonging to the present genus, and having impaled it, by passing a pin vertically through its body, it escaped from my,hand. ‘The pin being light, and no injurious pressure having been exerted on its body, the insect flew, apparently with its usual facility, to a flower, and un- rolling its elongated proboscis, proceeded to extract the sweet fluid from the nectary, as if no mortal wound had been inflicted.
The plant represented in the plate, is the Aquilegia canadensis.
Papitio Turnus.—Specific character. Wings tailed, yellow with a black margin and abbreviated bands; angle of the tail fulvous.
Papilio Turnus Linn. Fabr. Goeze, Entom. Beytr. iii. p. 71. Herbst. Natursyst. Ins. iii. p. 136, pl. 41, fig. 8, 4. Hubner, pl. fig. 1,2. Palis. de Beauv. p. 119, pl. 2, b. fig. 1, 1.
Papilio caudatus maximus Carolinianus, Umbris striisque nigris. Catesb. Carolina, 2, pl. 83.
Papilio® Alcidamas Cram. i. p. 62, pl. 38, figs. A, B-—Goeze, Entom. Beytr. il. p. 77.
88 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Der Kaiserschmetterling Muller, Nat. Syst. Supp. p. 284 and 496. (Herbst.)
Desc. Body above black, with a yellow line each side, passing over the origin of the wings, and over the head each side before the eyes: superior wings yellow, costal margin black with four black bands, of which the three exterior ones are abbreviated ; exterior broad margin black with a series of small white spots and white crenulations on the edge: beneath, the colors are paler, and the dots of the exterior margin are much larger: inferior wings yellow ; posterior portion black, with six lunules on the margin yellow, the first and last fulvous, the edge deeply crenated, the crenations white ; anal angle fulvous edged with white, and with a bright green lunule above, and one or two green spots near it; disk, with an oblique black band, proceeding from the basal band of the superior wings, abbreviated near the black portion of the Wing, and curving round and returning upward along the inner margin : tail moderate ; beneath somewhat like the superior page, but the radiating lines proceeding from the discoidal cellule are black, the marginal lunules are much larger, and have a large ful- vous spot in the middle of each, the black portion is much tinged with green, and there are about four fulvous spots above it: pec- tus yellow, with two oblique lateral black lines.
Obs. This beautiful, though very common insect, has already been noticed by many authors, who, for the most part, unite their testimony in favor of its similarity to the P. Machaon Fabr., of Europe. This correspondence is, however, only a general one, for on a particular comparison, a sufficient difference will be evi- dent. it is found as far north as Maine, from whence I have re- ceived a specimen sent by Mr. E. Holmes, of Gardineer Lyceum.
The annexed plate represents this species in two positions.
ENOPLIUM. Puare XLI.
Generic character. Three last joints of the antenne dilated forming a deeply serrated mass ; the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth joints very small: palpi prominent securiform ; body cylindrical ; tarsi with but four very obvious joints: penul- timate joint bilobate.
Obs. The species that compose this genus were separated by Latreille, from the genus illus of Olivier and Fabricius, from
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 89
the circumstance that the ultimate joints of the antenna, only, form a serrated mass, and that the tarsi have but four very obvi- ous joints. Dejean mentions but two species as inhabitants of Europe ; we have here given four species, but it would seem that the genus might be divided with advantage to the student, for whose convenience also it ought perhaps to be removed to the Tetramera, together with several kindred genera.
ENOPLIUM ONUSTUM.— Specific character. Black ; thorax red, with two black lines; elytra margined with yellowish.
L. marginatum nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, iii. p. 187.
Desc. Body black, hairy, punctured: labrum and basal joints of the palpi, pale : thorax red, with two dilated longitudinal black lines confluent behind : elytra with a yellowish margin, suture and base : thighs pale.
Obs. This insect frequently occurs in Pennsylvania: I have also obtained it in the State of Ohio, and Mr. John P. Brace, of Connecticut, presented me with an individual taken in that State. It resembles the ZL. pilosum Forst., but is readily distinguished by the yellowish margin of the elytra.
I have been informed by Count Dejean, that the specific name marginatum, is preoccupied in this genus, I therefore substitute the present appellation.
The upper left figure of the plate.
[This is a variety of L. prlosum.—LEc.]
ENOPLIUM PILOSUM.—Specijic character. Black; thorax red, with two black lines.
Lampyris pilosa Forst. Nov. Ins. p. 49.
Desc. Body shining black, covered with very short hairs, punctured : labrum dull testaceous: thorax bright sanguineous, with two broad longitudinal black vittee approaching each other to the posterior margin, where they are confluent ; anterior mar- gin yellowish, interrupted by the black vittaw; elytra entirely black, opake, immaculate; wings black.
Obs. The very great similarity between the preceding and the present species, would almost persuade us that they are merely varieties of one species; nevertheless, as they seem to be constant, in their respective characters, we consider them as distinct, though closely allied species.
The lower right figure of the plate.
90 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
ENOPLIUM DAMICORNE.—Specific character. Black ; thorax rufous, slightly edged with black.
Tillus damicornis Fabr., Syst. Hleut. i. p. 282.
E. thoracicum nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences.
Dese. Body black, hairy, punctured, cylindrical : antennz with the terminal joint narrowed near the tip on the inner side : thorax rufous, lateral and posterior edges black: pectus rufous: elytra black with a slight purplish tinge, immaculate ; punctures large, profound, approximate, and behind the middle small, confluent.
Obs. This insect is an inhabitant of the greater part of the Union. I have obtained specimens in Missouri. In my account of the species as above quoted, I made the following remark: “TI should consider it the same as the T%llus damicornis of Fabr. but that, in the description of that insect, the author mentions but two dilated joints of the antenne, whereas in ours there are three dilated joints.” Notwithstanding this remark, it agrees with it so well in other respects, that on further consideration, I think we may safely refer it to the damicorne, and admit that Fabri- cius was mistaken in the number of dilated joints. Latreille, in his Histoire Naturelle, &c. abserves, that “ Le tille damicorne de Fabricius différe peu, or presque point de cette espéce, (EZ. Webert) a en juger par les phrases spécifiques.”’
The upper right figure of the plate.
[Belongs to Orthopleura Spin.—L«Ec. ]
ENOPLIUM QUADRIPUNCTATUM.— Specific character. Black ; elytra sanguineous, with four black dots.
E. 4-punctatum nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., iii. p. 188.
Desc. Body black, somewhat hairy, punctured: thorax de- pressed, subquadrate, not contracted behind; angles rounded, punctures confluent each side: scutel black: elytra sanguineous, each with two black, orbicular, subequal dots, one before, and the other behind the middle.
Obs. This species is subject to vary in the size of the spots on its elytra, those of some specimens which I obtained in Arkan- saw, being much larger than I have ever observed them on those of this State.
The middle figure of the plate, the lower left figure represents the variety.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 91
POMPILUS. Prats XLII.
Generic character. Uabrum inserted under the nasus; eyes entire ; stemmata three ; antennz as long as the head and trunk, in the female convoluted towards the tip; mandibles unarmed, or with one or two teeth; maxilliary palpi longer than the labials, three last joints nearly of equal length ; superior wings not folded longitudinally ; radial cellule of moderate size ; cubital cellules three, the first elongated ; second and third subequal, nearly square, receiving the two recurrent nervures ; fourth cell- ule rudimental ; feet elongated.
Obs. These insects associate by pairs, and make their nests in the earth. The female digs a hole in a sunny bank or declivity ; when this is accomplished, she goes in search of a spider or a catapillar, which she punctures with her sting, and places at the bottom of her nest. Having deposited an egg, either in or upon the prey, she closes the hole with earth, and abandons it. The young, hatched from the egg, has an abundant and convenient supply of food, in the body of the interred insect. Descending the Arkansaw river, with Major Long’s party, I was one day surprised to see a species of this genus, dragging along the ground the body of the gigantic Bird-catching spider, the Mygale avicularia, or a very closely allied species.
These insects are lively and active, flying rapidly from place to place for short distances, running briskly on the earth, vibrating their antenne, and raising a little, and then depressing their wings, which are reclined upon the back.
The female is armed with a sting, and may be distinguished from the male by having twelve joints to the antennz, whilst those of the male have thirteen joints.
Latreille was the first to separate this group from Sphex, under the name of Psammochares, but in his subsequent works, he adopted the more recent name of Pompilus, given by Fabricius.
PoMPILUS FORMOSUS.—Specific character. Polished bluish- green ; wings rufous, with a dusky terminal submargin.
Pompilus formosus nobis, Western Quarterly Reporter, ii. p. 76.
Desc. Body bright greenish, a little tinged with bluish, and in some lights changing to dull purplish, sericeous : antennx black: feet black witha green reflection: wings bright golden
92 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
rufous ; at the extreme base, black ; terminal submargin of the superiores, and terminal and inner submargins of the inferiores, dusky ; the corresponding margins pale.
Obs. This large and splendid species occurred within a hun- dred miles of the Rocky Mountains, on the banks of the Arkan- saw river. It was not uncommon, and in consequence of the striking color of the wings, as wellas of its slow and steady flight, it was readily observed and taken. It was occasionally found perched on flowers, in company with Stizus grandis nobis, and other Hymenopterus insects. The strongest similarity certainly exists between the P. formosus here represented, and the Pepsis marginata Beauy., but that species is so much larger, that we cannot believe it to be the same.
The upper figure of the plate.
[This species extends as far as San Diego, California —LEc. ]
POMPILUS UNIFASCIATUS.—Specific character. Black; an- tennze and large wing spot, yellow.
Desc. Body black, tinged with purplish : contentions excepting the first and second joints, bright yellow: wings violaceous- black ; superior pair with a broad yellowish band or spot near the tip of each, abbreviated before the inner margin, and of a subquadrate or nearly orbieular form.
Obs. On a recent journey, in company with Mr. Maclure, I had the gratification to find this handsome species in the vicinity of Easton, Pennsylvania. I have not seen it elsewhere. Only a single specimen occurred, which is a female.
The middle figure of the plate
PoMPILUS TERMINATUS.—Specific character. Black ; wings pale fulyous, with a dusky tip.
Desc. Body black, with a slight purplish tinge : antennz black : superior wings pale fulvous, with a broad dusky tip: inferior wings paler.
Obs. This species was brought by Major Long’s party. I caught it near the Arkansaw river, about two hundred miles from the Rocky Mountains. But one specimen occurred, which isa female. Inthe proportion and distribution of the colors of the Wings, it resembles P. discolor and annulatus Fabr., but in mag- nitude and color of the body it is very distinct.
The lower figure of the plate.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 93
~e
TETYRA. Puate XLII.
Generic character. Thorax very narrow before ; scutel eclon- gated, longer than broad, not covering the sides of the tergum ; head immersed to the eyes in the thorax ; antenne five-jointed, second joint longer than the third; labrum very long, striated ; rostrum four-jointed, the three first joints subequal ; tarsi three- jointed, the first joint longer than the second.
Obs. The genus Tetyra was separated from Cimex of Linné, by Fabricius, to include those species of which the scutel is very much dilated and elongated, and the antenne five-jointed. As instituted by that author, it is perfectly synonymous with Scutel- lera of Lamarck and Latreille. Leech made a different disposi- tion of these genera. He restricted the genus Scutellera those to species that have the abdomen entirely covered by the scutel ; and the second joint of the antennze shorter than the third; the genus Tetyra he limited so as to include only those of which the scutel, though still dilated and elongated, does not entirely con- ceal the sides of the abdomen, and the second joint of the an- tenn is longer than the third. A third closely allied genus was distinguished by Schrank, under the name of Thyreocoris, and adopted by Leach. Its scutel is broader than long, the second joint of the antenne is very short, and the anterior mar- gin of the thorax is but little narrowed.
Of all these genera, we shall be able to give examples in the course of the present work.
TETYRA FIMBRIATA.— Specific character. Dark green ; thorax with a yellow spotted patch, each side behind ; scutel margined with yellow.
Desc. Body dark-green, with large punctures: clypeus with the lateral edges parallel: anterior edge rufous, indented in the middle; antennz and middle of the rostrum rufous: thorax with a large yellow spot each side behind, including about two dark- green spots, and a brown one ; posterior angles a little prominent, obtuse: seutel, excepting at base, with a three-toothed margin : hemelytra dark-green with a yellow lateral and posterior margin, the membranons portion dark-violaceous: feet rufous; thighs with three narrow yellow bands, the anterior pair one-spined be- neath ; tibia with one yellow band, the anterior pair dilated to-
94 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
wards the tip: venter with a transverse thick line in the middle, and an anterior longitudinal one; lateral and posterior margins yellow, the former four-dotted each side; beyond the middle, are two large, slightly indented, sericeous spots.
Obs. This singularly marked species is rare in Pennsylvania.
The upper left figure of the plate.
TEryRA CINCTIPES.—NSpecijic character. Dull, testaceous ; feet pale, with fuscous spots.
Desc. Body above, dull, testaceous, or brownish, with close set, rather large, profound punctures: head black, acutely cari- nated, and with a very obvious tubercle each side, near the base; tip emarginated : antennz piceous: terminal joint somewhat di- lated : thorax with an obsolete glabrous line near the middle, and three tubercles on the anterior submargin, the intermediate one very obtuse, and sometimes obsolete ; anterior angles with a tu- bercle, and another on the lateral edge behind the middle: an- terior thighs, and all the tibize blackish, with one or two pale bands: intermediate and posterior thighs pale, with two bands, and base blackish.
Obs. Inhabits the Middle States. It is one-quarter of an inch in length.
The lower right figure of the plate.
TETYRA VIOLACEA.—Specific character. Dark bluish-viola- ceous ; venter with a fulvous line before the middle, and a spot at tip.
Desc. Body dark bluish-violaceous, with large punctures: cly- peus with the lateral edge parallel; anterior edge indented in the middle: thorax, posterior angles rather prominent, obtuse: ante- rior thighs with a prominent spine beneath: anterior tibizx di- lated towards the tip: postpectus, middle incisures edged with opake black: venter with a bright fulvous line extending from between the posterior feet to the middle, where it is gradually a little dilated : behind the middle are two slightly indented large sericeous spots; tip with a small bright fulvous spot.
Obs. Closely allied to the preceding; I caught it on the mar- gin of St. John’s river, in Kast Florida.
The upper right figure of the plate.
TETYRA ALTERNATA.—Specific character. Rufous; beneath yellow ; scutel with minute, abbreviated black lines.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 95
Dese. Body above rufous, punctured ; head narrowed before, and rounded at tip; antennee rufous, basal joint yellow, terminal joint fuscous: thorax with the posterior angles obtusely rounded: seutel ‘with numerous, very short, transverse black lines; a transverse, slightly raised elliptical line at base, from which pro- ceeds a slightly carinated longitudinal line, becoming obsolete on the middle: tip very slightly emarginate ; hemelytra, on the coriaceous portion marked by the same minute lines as the seutel : tergum margined with alternating black, quadrate spots ; beneath yellow: feet simple, rufous: venter with two almost ob- solete black lines gradually approaching each other to the penul- timate segment where they terminate in a common black spot.
Obs. This species inhabits the Middle States, but it does not occur very frequently.
The lower left figure of the plate.
PHRYGANEA. Prater XLIV.
Generic character. Antenne as long as the body, with nu- merous joints; stemmata two; mandibles none; palpi rather long: inferior wings larger than the others, longitudinally folded ; feet elongated, spinous: tarsi elongated, five-jointed, ter- minal joint with two small nails ; abdomen destitute of filaments at tip of the tail.
Obs. The greater number of these insects venture forth upon the wing during the evening and night, and when disturbed in their resting place in the day, they fly a short distance, and again seek a place of concealment and safety. They frequently enter our houses in the evening, attracted by the light of a can- dle, around which they fly. The larva lives in the water, and the parents are therefore generally in its vicinity. Some spe- cies swarm in large flocks, whilst others are solitary. They are light and active, and run with much swiftness. When the fe- male is about to deposite her eggs, she ejects a considerable number of them, which remain attached together at the extrem- ity of her abdomen ; these she places in a favorable situation, on the stalk or leaf of a water-plant, or other object, from which the young larva may readily pass into the water. Here it soon be- gins to fabricate a tubular, portable dwelling, which, as respects form, may be compared to that of the clothes-moth. This domi-
96 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
cil consists of a silky matter, with various objects attached to the exterior, such as sand gravel, small pieces of wood or reed, &e., so proportioned that its weight exceeds but little that of the water. As the inhabitant increases in bulk, the tube at length becomes too small, and is necessarily abandoned. An- other, of suitable dimensions is, however, soon constructed, and the little animal is again in a state of security. This artisan, is of a cylindrical, somewhat elongated form, consisting of twelve joints or segments; on the fourth joint is generally a conic tu- bercle on each side, and on the ultimate segments are two move- able hooks : these projections from the body, appear to be useful as points of support against the sides of the tube. The head is of firm a consistence, furnished with strong mandibles, and two eyes. The feet are six in number, and are not natatory, the an- terior pair being shorter and thicker than the others, which are considerably elongated, and not dilated, nor deeply ciliated. Thus constituted, the animal crawls at the bottom of the water, with the feet and the anterior part of the body protruded from the tube, in search of food.
When about to undergo the change into the nymph state, the larva affixes its tube to some permanent object. It then pro- ceeds to close the ends of its dwelling by a silky net, the meshes of which are so small as to prevent the ingress of depredating insects, and yet sufficiently large to admit of a free circulation of water for the purpose of respiration. The head of the nymph is provided with a kind of beak, consisting of hooks, which are used to force a passage through the net-work. At this period, which occurs in fifteen or twenty days after the change from the larva state, its period of immobility ceases : it departs from its tube, and walks or swims with activity, the feet being fringed for the latter purpose. The young animal now, for the first time, emerges from the water, and seeks a dry, secure position for its ultimate change here, after remaining at rest for some minutes, to permit the superfluous moisture to evaporate, it throws off its covering, and soon takes wing in search of a mate. Many spe- cies of a smaller size proceed in a different manner; the nymph ascends to the surface of the water, where it is emancipated from its exuvia, which serves as a boat to support the perfected insect,
until its wings are sufficiently developed, dried, and prepared for flight.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 97
The word Phryganea is derived from ¢y2vv a bundle or fagot of sticks.
PHRYGANEA SUBFASCIATA.— Specific character. Pale honey- yellow ; superior wings a little dusky, with two transverse black- ish spots on each.
P. subfasciata nobis, Long’s Second Expedition, vol. ii. p. 808.
Desc. Body honey-yellow: head a little more tinged with ru- fous, paler beneath ; antennx blackish ; first joint yellowish on the inner and inferior irides: superior wings dull ochreous, covered with bulla, or minute raised points, with a dusky inner and terminal margin; on each are two subequal, transverse, dusky spots, the anterior one near the middle, and connected with the inner margin; the posterior one a little undulated, placed nearer the anterior spot, than to the tip of the wing.
Variety a. Spots of the superior wings obsolete, or wanting.
Obs. Rather smaller than the preceding species, and very dis- tinct from it. It is easily known by the two striking dusky spots on each superior wing. I obtained two or three specimens during a recent excursion with Mr. Maclure, into the interior of Pennsylvania.
The left middle figure of the plate.
PHRYGANEA DOSSUARIA.—Specific character. Wings with the nervures, and dilated transverse irregular lines, blackish.
Desc. Body pale yellowish-ochreous: antenns dark-brown: stemmata brown on the inner side, white on the exterior side: Superior wings yellowish-white, with blackish nervures, and transverse, somewhat dilated, connecting blackish lines, hardly forming bands ; of these, one forms a quadrate spot on the costal margin, and one is common near the inner posterior angle : inferior Wings with two costal spots and terminal margin ; tergum dusky, segments paler towards their tips.
Obs. This species was sent to me, with several other interest- ing insects, by Mr. Charles Pickering, of Salem.
PHRYGANEA SEMIFASCIATA.—Specific character. Superior wings light ferruginous, with irregular black lines; a distinct black point near the inner basal angle; inferior wings light ferruginous.
P. semifasciata nobis, Western Quarterly Report. vol. ii. p. 161.
Desc. Body when recent, light oliyaceous-green: head dark
-_
‘
98 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
ferruginous above: eyes dark-brown, with a moveable black pupil: mouth pale: neck light-green, with a brown, transverse, hirsute collar on the middle: thorax dark ferruginous, hairy, blackish each side: feet pale: superior wings dull ferruginous, with numerous opake, transverse, abbreviated, black lines; a small black point at the inner basal angle,'and a small transverse, abbreviated dusky line on the inner margin a little beyond the middle ; inferior wings light honey-yellow, a blackish, dilated, angulated, semifasciate line near the tip, and a black, anterior spot near the inner margin : pectus pale-brownish.
Obs. This species frequently occurs in yarious parts of the United States. It is an inhabitant of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and I also found specimens near the falls of the Ohio river; and another was sent to me by Dr. T. W. Harris, of Massachusetts. A variety in my cabinet, is altogether destitute of the semifascia on the inferior wings.
The two upper figures.
PHRYGANEA INTERRUPTA.— Specific character. Grayish; su- perior wings with a longitudinal black line, and a smaller one near the tip.
Desc. Body with grayish hair: eyes fuscous; palpi and an- tenn black; superior wings gray, disk tinged with dusky, a black line extending from the base to near the middle of the terminal edge, and slightly interrupted in its middle; nearer the costal margin, and beyond the middle, is an abbreviated black line : inner margin hoary, immaculate; inferior wings dull-ochre- ous, with a broad blackish tip: tibie dusky: tarsi dusky, the joints pale at their bases.
Obs. For this pretty species, I am indebted to my brother, who caught two specimens at Pleasant Mills, New Jersey.
The right middle figure of the plate.
CYCHRUS. Prater XLV.
Generic character. Head narrower than the thorax; external maxillary and labial palpi dilated, compressed, securiform ; lab- rum elongated, very profoundly. emarginate; labium very large, profoundly emarginate, not wider at base than at tip; mandibles narrow, elongated, bidentate near the tip ; thorax cordate, slightly, or not at all elevated each side, and not extended behind ; abdo-
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 99
men robust, convex ; elytra entire, not divided at the suture, carinate each side, and embracing the sides of the abdomen ; tarsi alike in the sexes.
Obs. This is a limited genus, consisting in the time of Fabri cius, who constructed it, of only five species. As it now stands, under the reforming hand of Latreille and Dejean, it is certainly more rigidly natural. The latter author, in his “ Species général
ia BY ” hy s. i des Coléoptéres,” describes nine species, and observes, that they are limited, in their geographical distribution, to Europe, Asiatic Russia, and North America; that although they are, strictly speaking, Carabici, yet they have so much the habit of the Heteromera, that Linné placed them in his genus Tenebrio.
They are of a blackish color, glossed with a handsome metallic tint, chiefly of a purplish cast. They inhabit beneath stones, and under prostrate logs.
The word Cychrus is derived from Kuxpsc, the Greek name for a bird.
CYCHRUS VIDUUS.
Specific character. Black ; elytra cupre- ous-violaceous, polished, humeral edge, and lateral margins of the thorax reflected, the latter contracted behind.
Cychrus unicolor Knoch neue Beytriige, p. 187, tab. 8, fig. 1.
Nobis, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. ii. new series, p. 71.
Cychrus viduus Dejean, Spec. Gén. Coléop. vol. ii. p. 12, No. 9.
Desc. Head black, with a slight blue tinge: antennee brown at tip: thorax blackish-blue, disk a little convex, and with an impressed line ; lateral margins reflected; widest rather before the middle, and narrowed behind; posterior angles rounded: elytra bright coppery-violaceous, or dark purplish, with numerous strie, in which are dilated, confluent punctures ; beneath black.
Obs. Probably the largest species of the genus, and is by no means common. The specimen from which the above description, and the annexed figure were taken, was presented to me by Mr. William Hyde of Philadelphia, who obtained it near the Susque- hanna river. Two other specimens have since come into my possession.
This species was first deseribed by Knoch, under the name of unicolor; supposing it to be the same with that of Fabricius, and on his authority, I retained the appellation in my “ Descrip- tions of the Carabici and Hydrocanthari ;” but after the publica-
100 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
tion of that paper, being induced to examine the descriptions of Fabricius, and Olivier, I perceived at once that the wnicolor of Knoch, was not that of those authors. Under this impression, T sent the insect to Count Dejean, under a new name, which he adopted.
I have been thus particular in this statement, in order to record an opinion which I have always entertained, and which every observation tends to confirm. That it is of no consequence what- ever, who gives a new name, either in a catalogue or letter, or attached to the insect in his cabinet, or elsewhere ; but as it is the describer that incurs the responsibility, his name only ought to be quoted with that of the insect, or other object described by subsequent naturalists.
Under the operation of this principle, the present species is the C. viduus Dejean.
The upper figure of the plate.
SPH HRODERUS. Prate XLV.
Generic character. Head narrower than the thorax ; external maxillary and labial palpi, with the last joint dilated, securiform, compressed ; labrum elongated, profoundly emarginate; labium very large, profoundly emarginate, not wider at base than at tip; mandibles elongated, narrow, bidentate near the tip; the thorax rounded, not elevated on the sides, nor extended behind ; abdo- men robust, convex; elytra entire, not divided at the suture, carinate each side, embracing the sides of the abdomen; tarsi with the three basal joints, in the male, dilated.
The present group was separated from Cychrus, by Count Dejean, who remarks, that at first view, they resemble some small species of Carabus, and particularly the convexus; that in com- parison with the true species of the genus Cychrus, the head is a little less elongated, the antenne a little shorter, and the thorax, instead of being cordate, is rounded, oval or orbicular, convex, not eleyated on the side, nor behind; the first and second joints of the anterior tarsi in the male, are much dilated, the first, truncate-triangular ; the second, quadrate broader than long; the third is less dilated, cordate.
The word Sphzroderus, is derived from the Greek words
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 101
Xexipz, sphere, and Aév, neck, in allusion to the form of the thorax.
SPHHRODERUS STENOSTOMUS.—WSpecijic character. Black ; elytra dark cupreous, basal thoracic lines distinet.
Cychrus stenostomus Weber. Obs. Ent. p. 43, Knoch, neue Beytr. p. 190, pl. 8, f. 18. Schonh. Sys. p. 166. Nobis, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (new series) vol. ii. 72.
Spheroderus stenostomus Dejean, Spec. Coléopt. vol. ii. p. 15.
Desc. Head black, glabrous, impunctured : antenne brownish towards their tips: thorax black, tinged with blue, rounded, widest in the middle, contracted behind ; base narrower than the elytra, punctured ; basal edge rectilinear; dorsal line very distinct; basal lines profoundly impressed, obtuse, punctured: elytra dark cupreous, striz numerous, obtuse; interstitial lines narrower than the striae, obtuse ; edge dark blue ; humeral edge not dilated nor reflected: epipleura punctured: pectus punctured at base: postpectus and venter each side at base, punctured.
Obs. This species is not uncommon in Pennsylvania, I have also received a specimen from Mr. Charles Pickering, taken in Massachusetts.
The left figure of the plate.
SPHHRODERUS BILOBUS.—Specijic character. Violaceous ; beneath black; margins not reflected; basal thoracic lines obsolete.
Cychrus bilobus nob., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (new series) vol. ii. p. 73.
Spheroderus bilobus Dejean, Spec. Gén. Coléopt. vol. 11. p. 16.
Desc. Body beneath black: head black, with a slight viola- ceous tint: antennze and palpi pale piceous: thorax cupreous- violaceous, polished, broadest rather before the middle, much narrowed behind ; lateral margin not dilated nor reflected; base depressed and much punctured; basal lines obsolete ; basal edge rectilinear, not wider than the pedicle of the postpectus ; disk somewhat bilobated, being convex each side, and gradually in- dented in the middle by the dorsal line; anterior margin de- pressed, and rugose in the middle: elytra cupreous-violaceous, stria numerous, punctured: pectus beneath, postpectus and ab- domen each side, punctured.
Obs. This is somewhat smaller than the stenostomus, from
102 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
which it is very distinct, and is the most brilliant species we have. Ihave not yet met with it in the Atlantic States. The first specimen was obtained in Missouri, and I caught another in the North-Western Territory, when travelling over that region with Major Long’s party.
The right figure of the plate.
SCAPHINOTUS. Puate XLV.
Generic character. Head narrower than the thorax ; external maxillary, and labial palpi, with the last joint dilated, compressed, securiform; labrum elongated, profoundly emarginate; labium very large, profoundly emarginate, not wider at base than at tip; mandibles elongated, narrow, bidentate near the tip; thorax with the lateral margins reflected, posterior angles extended ; elytra entire, not divided at the suture, prominently carinate each side, and embracing the sides of the abdomen; tarsi with the three basal joints of the anterior feet a little dilated in the male.
Obs. Separated by Latreille, from the genus Cychrus, and consisting as yet, of a single species only, though Dejean sup- poses that the Cychrus unicolor of Fabricius, will constitute a second species, but the latter does not appear to be at present known to entomologists. This genus is most closely allied to Cychrus and Sphzroderus, but particularly to the former; the thorax, however, is of a different form, and the anterior tarsi of the male are a little dilated.
We have remarked in our Preface, p. vi. that “ care has been taken that species of different genera be not represented in the same plate.” It seems therefore proper, that we should state the reason why we have not complied with this intention in the annexed plate, where three genera are introduced. That plate was engraved before the author left Philadelphia, on a visit to New-Harmony, Indiana, his present residence, and it was only a few months since, that he received the second volume of Dejean’s Species Général des Coléoptéres, published last year, in which the distinguished author has reformed the genus Cychrus. But as the object of that intention was, that the work might be “bound up, when completed, agreeably to systematic order in the succession of genera,’ the author conceives that no disad- vantage can ever arise from this circumstance, as these genera
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 108
are so closely allied, that it seems hardly possible, any future discovery shall disturb their proximity.
SCAPHINOTUS ELEVATUS.— Specific character. Blackish ; elytra violaceous-cupreous, polished ; hardly narrower behind.
Carabus elevatus Fabr., Knt. Syst. i. p. 182. Oliv. Ins. vol. ii. p. 46, pl. 7, fig. 82. Oliv. Ene. Meth. (Carabe) p. 334. Linn. Syst. Nat. Gmel. p. 1967.
Cychrus elevatus Fabr., Syst. Hleuth. i. p. 166. Knoch, neue Beytr. p. 188, pl. 8, fig. 12. Latr. Hist. Nat. 8, p. 289. Nob. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. ii. (new series) p. 71. Schonh. Syn. p. 166.
Scaphinotus elevatus Dejean, Spec. Gén. vol. ii. p. 17.
Desc. Head black, very slightly tinged with violet, impunce- tured : antennze brownish towards the tips: thorax black, slightly tinged with violaceous, the sides gradually more reflected to the hind angles, hardly contractly behind ; disk concave, with small, numerous, irregular punctures; base nearly as broad as the base of the elytra; basal angles prominent, acute: elytra violaceous-cupreous, brilliant; striae numerous, obtuse; inter- vening lines narrower than the striew, obtuse; humeral edge dilated, reflected, elevated and rounded: epipleura confluently punctured: pectus with a few punctures at base; lateral margin with minute punctures: postpectus and venter, each side at base; with large punctures.
Obs. This species was supposed, by all the authors, previous to Knoch, to be a native of South America, but that entomologist determined its native country, by receiving specimens from the late Dr. F. V. Melsheimer, of Hanover, Pennsylvania.
The lowest figure of the plate.
MELITA[A]. Puatre XLVI.
Generic character. Antenne with a short, somewhat broad, compressed terminal club ; palpi divaricating, hairy, second joint compressed, terminal joint acicular, half the length of the pre- ceding joint; inferior wings suborbicular, somewhat checkered beneath ; anterior feet short, feeble ; tarsi with double nails.
Obs. The distinction between this genus and Argynnis, is very slight, too much so, we think, to justify the continuation of it, except perhaps as a subgenus. We have set down the characters
104 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
pretty much as we find them in the authors, and, although it is obvious, that they do not agree very well with the species we have placed under it, yet there cannot be the slightest doubt of the correctness of the reference. Perhaps the only striking character by which the species may be separated from those of the above mentioned genus, is that of the somewhat checkered appearance of the inferior page of the posterior wings. A more remarkable distinction may be observed in the larvee, which are not armed with spines as in Argynnis, but are pubescent, with small fleshy tubercles on the body; the pupa is suspended by the tail.
The genus under the present name, was separated from the Linnean Papilio by Fabricius.
MELIT# MYRINA.—Specific character. Wings slightly in- dented, fulvous, with black spots and undulated lines; beneath with more than thirty silvery spots, and an ocellate spot near the base of the inferior ones.
Papilio myrina Cromer, i. p. 141, pl, 189, fig. B.C. Fabr. Ent. Emend. p. 145. Herbst, Natursyst. ix. p. 178, pl. 255, fig. 3, 4.
Desc. Wings fulvous, slightly indented on the exterior edges ; superior wings with black, transverse, undulated, and interrupted lines, occupying the basal portion to a considerable distance beyond the middle, the first sublunate, the second double ; towards the tip, a transverse series of black dots, then of black angles, confluent with the block nodose edging; inferior surface paler, the series of black dots obsolete ; immediately before this series, and near the anterior margin, are two somewhat silvery spots; a somewhat silvery spot within each of the black submar- ginal angles, the margin destitute of black; inferior wings with two, much undulated, nearly parallel lines, from the middle of the anterior margin curve round and terminate near the base, near which they become confused, they enclose a black spot; a series of black dots, angles, and margin, as in the superior wings; beneath tinged with ferruginous, and varied with ochreous spots, with four transverse series of silvery spots ; the second series in- terrupted by ochreous spots, between the first and second series is a small silvery ocellate spot with a black pupil; beyond the third series, is a series of obsolete brown dots.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 105
Obs. This pretty little species is common in various parts of the United States, extending as far south as Florida, and north at least to Massachusetts, from whence Dr. T. W. Harris sent me a specimen. It resembles several foreign species, and particularly the A. Selene, for which it may be easily mistaken, but on com- parison, that species will be found to have the third series of silvery spots widely interrupted in the middle, and the small ocellate spot near the base is not silvery, but black, with a pale pupil; still, however, they are so very closely allied, that in con- sidering them as distinct species, I rely on the authors whose Synonyms are quoted above.
The plant is the Claytonia virginica.
PLOIARIA. Prate XLVII.
Generic character. Body elongated, filiform; feet ambulatory, very long, with distinct nails; anterior pair shortest, raptatory, with elongated cox; eyes moderate ; labrum very short; an- tennz elongated, setaceous, four-jointed ; beak inflected.
Obs. Such is the particular form and appearance of the an- tenn in insects of this genus, that on a slight inspection, a per- son would almost be disposed to pronounce them ambulatory, and that there are therefore eight feet. But no true insect yet known, has more or less than six feet. As respects the remark- ably long and slender form of some of the species, they have con- siderable affinity for the genus Spectrum, and the anterior pair of feet may be compared to those of Mantis and Empusa, with equal aptitude. These feet are much shorter than the others, are used almost altogether for the purpose of seizing and convey- ing the prey to their mouth ; whilst the two posterior pairs sup- port the body, and move it from place to place. Their move- ments are rather slow and unsteady, moving up and down upon their legs as they proceed forwards, in the manner of the Crane-fly. (Tipula). They feed on small insects. Scopoli first established this genus; the species were referred to Cimex, by Linné and others, and Fabricius, unacquainted with what Scopoli had done, perceived the necessity of forming a genus for them, and this he called Hmesa, of which he describes four species ; three belong- ing to America, and one to the Hast Indies. Cimex vagabundus
106 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Linn., of Europe, is a fifth species, which, however, Fabricius placed in his genus Gerris.
The word Ploiaria, is of uncertain origin; Mr. Dumeril sup- poses it to have been derived from the Greek name for a small vessel, Waciapiov. (navicula.)
PLOIARIA BREVIPENNIS.— Specific character. Fuscous-rufous, glabrous ; wings abbreviated ; feet near the knees annulated.
Desc. Body fuscous, more or less tinged with sanguineous : antenne very slender, with a white annulus at the tip of the first joint : anterior tibize with the spines black at tip: nervures of the wings brownish : intermediate and posterior feet with the thighs near the tip, and tibiz near the base biannulate with whitish : tergum beneath the wings bright sanguineous.
Obs. This is a very common insect, and is often found even in the city of Philadelphia. It inhabits out-houses, where it may be observed generally motionless on the walls. When disturbed, it moves its body up and down on its legs, and at the same time advances slowly forwards.
The line denotes the natural size.
MALACHIUS. Pratre XLVIII.
Generic character. Body furnished with cocardes: head re- tracted to the eyes within the thorax: antenne ten-jointed, fili- form, serrated ; mandibles emarginate: labium entire; palpi fili- form ; tarsi simple, nails with a tooth beneath ; elytra flexible.
Obs. Linneeus referred these insects to his genus Cantharis ; from which his learned successor, Fabricius, separated them, and constituted a group under the present name, derived from the Greek word “2Acx:, which means soft, delicate, in allusion to the consistence of the body. They differ from the genus Dasytes Payk., in being less elongated, and furnished with the cocardes ; their antennze also are placed nearer together at base; otherwise the two genera are closely allied.
These insects are frequent in some situations on flowers, the nectareous juices of which they appear to extract, though it has been asserted, but we know not upon what authority, that in ad- dition to their liquid food they prey also upon insects.
When alarmed for their safety, the cocardes are suddenly pro- truded, and when reassured of security, these singular organs are
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 107
retracted, so that no remnant of them remains in view. The cocardes are three-lobed bodies, of a vivid red color, and vesicu- lar consistence, situated one on each side near the anterior angles of the thorax, and another on each side of the base of the abdomen. Their uses are altogether unknown, but we cannot suppose them to be of primary importance, since one, and indeed all of them have been cut off without diminishing the agility of the insect, or subjecting it to any apparent inconvenience. Like the retractile cervical appendage of the larvee of Papiliones, it may possibly serve to repel their enemies. Olivier supposes that the larve of the Malachius live in wood. Latreille informs us that in some of the species one sex has an appendice at the tip of each elytrum, in the shape of a hook, which is seized by the mandibles of the opposite sex in order to arrest the fugitive.
MALACHIUS BIPUNCTATUS.—Specijic character. Thorax ru- fous, with two remote black spots; elytra blue ; abdomen sangui- neous.
M. bipunctatus nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sei. vol. iii. p. 185.
Desc. Head black, with a slight greenish tinge; all before a line drawn between the anterior canthi of the eyes, including the antennee, yellow; mandibles and terminal joints of the palpi black ; thorax yellowish-rufous, with two small remote, rounded black dots; posterior submargin somewhat indented: elytra blue or greenish: pectus rufous : postpectus and feet black : abdomen sanguineous.
Obs. This fine species is an inhabitant of the Arkansaw re- gion near the Rocky Mountains, where I captured two speci- mens. In magnitude it exceeds any other North American spe- cies yet known. The second joint of the antennz in the male is dilated and irregular.
The lowest figure of the plate.
[Belongs to the genus Collops Kr.—L«c.]
MALACHIUS TRICOLOR.— Specific character. Head, postpectus, and feet black ; labrum and thorax rufous ; abdomen rufo-testa- ceous.
M. tricolor nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 182.
Desc. Head black ; labrum, elypeus on its anterior margin and palpi at base, pale rufous: antenne pale rufous, dusky at tip: thorax transverse, nearly oval, rather short, rufous, immaculate :
108 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
elytra dark bluish-green, or somewhat violaceous; middle of the lateral edge obsoletely piceous: postpectus and feet deep black: venter testaceous.
Variety, a. Elytra blue; venter and thorax sanguineous.
Obs. This species was taken on the Mississippi, and specimens also occurred near the Rocky Mountains. It is as large as M. 4-maculatus Fabr., and larger than IM. thoracicus Fabr., which it much resembles. The variety was sent me from Massachu- setts by Mr. Charles Pickering.
The right figure of the plate.
[Also a Collops.—Lxc. ]
MALACHIUS NIGRICEPS.— Specific character. 'Thorax rufous, with a large black spot: elytra blue: venter sanguineous.
M. nigriceps nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 183.
Desc. Head deep black, pale testaceous or rufous before: tho- rax rufous, with a large black spot, sometimes composed of two dilated, confluent ones, and not attaining the anterior margin: elytra violaceous, blue, or greenish; pectus rufous, at the origin of the feet black : postpectus black : feet black : thighs sometimes rufous, particularly the anterior ones : venter sanguineous.
Variety, a. Thorax entirely black.
Obs. Distinguishable from the tricolor by the black spot of the thorax, and by the proportion of this part, which is compa- ratively longer than in that insect. Its antenne present the re- markable character of the dilatation and irregularity of the second joint of the antenne.
The upper middle figure of the plate.
[Also a Collops ; the form of the second joint of the antenne mentioned is peculiar to the male-—Lxc. |
MALACHIUS VITTATUS.—Specific character. Thorax rufous, with a large black spot: elytra blue, margin and suture rufous.
M. vittatus nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 184.
Desc. Head black ; labrum and base of the antenne rufous : thorax rufous, with a dorsal black spot composed of two confluent ones, not reaching the anterior margin: elytra bright greenish- blue: exterior margin, suture, and tip rufous; this color is a little dilated behind the humerus ; pectus rufous; about the base of the feet black: postpectus and venter black, incisures of the
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 109
latter edged with testaceous: feet black: anterior pairs of tibize often piceous.
Obs. This species is somewhat smaller than M. quadrimacu- latus. It is closely allied to M. tricolor. The second joint of the antennz of the male is dilated and irregular. Mr. Thomas Nuttall first obtained specimens of the wittatus in the Mississippi region, where I have since met with it.
The upper figure of the plate.
MaLacuivus otiosus.—Specifie character. Thorax rufous, with a dilated longitudinal line; antenne and elytra black.
Malachius nigripennis nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. iii. p. 184.
Desc. Body black, inconspicuously hairy: head with three obtuse indentations between the eyes; antennze black; labrum and clypeus before, rufous: thorax rufous, with a much dilated black line from the anterior to the posterior edge: elytra black, with a very slight violaceous tinge: pectus pale rufous, or testa- ceous ; origin of the feet black : postpectus black : venter black, segments with more or less dilated, sanguineous margins ; some- times entirely sanguineous: feet black; anterior thighs some- times pale.
This species is readily separable from JL nigriceps by its infe- rior size and blackish elytra and antennex, and by the circum- stance that the black line of the thorax is continued to the anterior edge.
Count Dejean informs me the name nigripennis is preoccupied in this genus; I have therefore been compelled to change it.
The lower middle figure.
[Belongs to Anthocomus Er.—Lxc. |
PHILANTHUS. Prats XLIX.
Generic character. Labrum concealed; eyes not extending to the posterior part of the head, very slightly emarginate ; stem- mata three; antenne thicker towards the tip, inserted in the middle of the face; nasus trilobate; mandibles simple ; radial cell one, elongated, acute at tip; cubital cells three, the first large, the second small, sessile, receiving the first recurrent ner- vure, the third subquadrate, elongated at its exterior inferior
110 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
angle and receiving the second recurrent nervure, an imperfect fourth cellule sometimes exists ; feet rather short.
Obs. In the present order of insects called Hymenoptera by Linné, are many species whose manners are highly interesting: living together harmoniously in large communities, and laboring for the attainment of a common object, such species exhibit such eminent proofs of intelligence, as to stagger the vain theorist in the midst of his speculations, and to render insecure the distine- tion which he has endeavored to establish between the blindness of instinct and the splendid nature of reason,
But the far greater portion associate by pairs, in their perfect state, for the important purpose of continuing their race, and of these are the species of the genus under consideration. It has been long known that the Philanthi are parasitic ; the female digs a hole in the earth for the reception of her egg, with which she places the body of an insect that she had killed for the nurture of her young; she then completes her task by covering the hole with earth. Latreille gives the following interesting account of the P. apivorus of Europe. It is a dangerous enemy of the domestic bee. The female digs a horizontal gallery about a foot in depth in a sloping bank of light earth exposed to the influence of the sun; she separates the earth, and carries it to the surface by means of her mandibles and feet. When the nest is thus completed, the parent visits the neighboring flowers for the pur- pose of obtaining a honey bee ; she seizes her victim, and kills it by piercing it with her sting at the junction of the head with the thorax, or of the thorax with the abdomen, and transports it to the bottom of the gallery. As each female deposits at least five or six eggs, the consequence is that the same number of bees must be destroyed. In an extent of ground about one hundred and twenty feet long, Mr. Latreille counted from fifty to sixty females actively employed in making their nests, these of course destroyed about three hundred bees. Let us then suppose a surface of country about six miles square, a fiftieth part of which would afford a proper situation for the operations of the females of this species of Philanthus ; these would be a sufficient number to destroy fifteen thousand of these useful insects. The eggs are white, nearly cylindrical, rounded at the two ends. The larvee
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. TEE
resemble those of the bee. The covering of the pupa is a thin pellicle.
Fabricius first applied the name Philanthus ; but Latreille divided the group which his predecessor established under that name into two genera, retaining the appellation for the present group, and applying that of Cerceres to such as have denticulated mandibles, and the second cubital cellule petiolated. The former were called Simblephilus, and the latter Philanthus, by Jurine.
The name of this genus is compounded of the Greek words giaet, I love, and avs, a flower.
PHILANTHUS CANALICULATUS.—Specific character. Pale yellow ; vertex, disk of the thorax, and incisures of the tergum reddish-brown.
P. canaliculatus nobis, Western Quarterly Report. vol. ii. p. 79.
Desc. Body pale yellow; vertex reddish-brown ; front with two longitudinal reddish-brown lines passing through the base of the antennze ; antennee rufous, black at tip: mandibles black at tip: superior wings with a longitudinal brownish line on the middle from near the base to the tip; radial cellule rounded at tip, and at its inferior angle descending to meet the superior angle of the second cubital cellule, which is triangular: tergum with a transverse groove on the middle of each segment, and a marginal smaller one; incisures reddish-brown.
Obs. When traversing the Arkansaw region with Major Long’s party, I obtained a single specimen of this insect, which is a male ; it is so very similar in general appearance and color to Cerceris bidentata nob., that but for its generic differences, I should almost have been led to consider it as a mere sexual variety of that species. But it cannot be placed in the genus Cerceris, as the mandibles are entirely unarmed within, and the second cubital cellule is not petiolated, and the eyes are not emar- ginated.
The upper right figure of the plate.
PHILANTHUS ZONATUS.—Specijic character. Black: front, two lines on the thorax and posterior submargins of the segments of the tergum, yellow: feet rufous.
P. zonatus nobis, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. ii. p. 79.
Desc. Body above black: front yellow, with two black lines descending from the black vertex to the origin of the antenne :
112 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
antennze and mandibles rufous, black at tip; base of the head rufous : thorax, first segment and scutel, each with a yellow line: a large rufous spot each side behind the scutel: superior wings with a dusky margin towards the tip: costal nervure dull rufous in the middle; radial cellule rounded at tip, and at its inferior edge descending in an angle to meet the superior angle of the second cubital cellule, which is triangular: tergum with an obsolete transverse groove on the middle of each segment, and a marginal slender one: posterior submargins yellow : feet rufous; pectus black: venter dull rufous.
Obs. The specimen which served for this description is a male, which was taken in the same country as the preceding. It cor- responds with the canaliculatus in the simple form of its eyes and mandibles, and in the shape of the radial and second cubital cellules. These characters justify the separation of the two spe- cies from the foregoing, into a distinet subgenus.
The lower left figure of the plate.
PHILANTHUS ‘VERTILABRIS.—Specijic character. Black: thorax with a line on the interior and posterior margins, and ter- gum, with four or five bands of which the anterior one is broadest, yellow.
P. vertilabris Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 308. Coqueb. Il. Icon. p. 96, pl. 22, fig. 2.
Desc. Wead black; beneath the antenne yellow; antenne be- neath yellow: thorax with confluent punctures black; a trans- verse line before and another behind yellow: wings tinged with dull yellowish : feet pale rufous: tibise yellowish on the exterior side: tergum with large, deeply impressed, confluent punctures ; first segment with a yellow spot each side; second segment with a broad yellow band occupying the basal half, sometimes slightly interrupted in the middle ; third, fourth, and fifth segments with a band on their hind margins, broader each side; sixth segment with a spot each side.
Obs. Coquebert gave a figure of this species. with a magnified representation of the head, abdomen, and a wing. It is stated to be an inhabitant of Carolina, but it is also found in Missouri and Pennsylvania.
The upper left figure of the plate.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 113
PHILANTHUS POLITUS.— Specific character. Black, polished ; first segment of the tergum with two whitish spots, the other seg- ments with a spot each side, connected by a whitish band.
P. politus nobis, Long’s Second Expedition, p. 343.
Desc. Hypostoma, mandibles at base and anterior line of the orbits as high as the emargination, whitish ; antennae beyond the third joint on the inferior side rufous brown, a whitish spot on the basal joint: thorax with small, irregular punctures; collar with two transverse spots ; wing-scale, and transverse line on the seu- tel, whitish : wings a little dusky towards the tip: pleura witha double whitish spot beneath the superior wings: thighs black ; knees and tibie, excepting a black line on the inner side, whitish ; tarsi dusky: tergum polished ; first segment with a transverse ovate spot each side ; remaining segments each with a transverse quadrate spot each side, touching the posterior margin, and con- nected along this margin by a slender, undulated band.
Obs. An inhabitant of Pennsylvania. It may be readily known from the preceding, by its polished appearance.
The lower right figure of the plate.
HIPPARCHTA, | Puare Li,
For Generic Characters, see Hipparchia andromacha. [ante p- 80.]
HIPPARCHIA SEMIDEA.— Specific character. Wings brown; inferior pair marbled beneath.
Desc. Body black, immaculate: antennz fuscous, beneath bright rufous towards the tip, the club very gradually formed: superior wings brown, the costal margin with alternate transverse black and yellow lines, exterior margin with alternate black and white spots; beneath dull ochreous, with obsolete, transverse, abbreviated, blackish lines; costal and broad tip margin alter- nated with vivid black and white lines; inferior wings dark brown; towards the posterior margin obscure ochreous, with ob- solete, abbreviated, blackish, transverse lines; posterior margin with a slender black line and dirty white edging; beneath mar- bled with black and white, the black prevailing across the middle and base of the wing.
Obs. Many of the insects belonging to this genus are decorated with beautiful colors, and with eye-like spots upon the wings j
8
114 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
but the present species is of a more simple and unassuming character. Without any imposing attractions to arrest the eye, it exhibits an agreeable neatness in the disposition of the con- trasting colors, on the inferior surface of the wings. But its chief title to our attention is the great altitude of its native cli- mate. It inhabits the bald summits of the White Mountains of New Hampshire, and appears to be limited to that inhospitable re- gion. Mr. T. Nuttall sent me a specimen some time since, taken by himself; and Mr. Charles Pickering of Salem, has recently presented me with an individual in an excellent state of preser- vation, from which the accompanying plate has been taken. The plate exhibits two views of the insect.
BOLETOPHAGUS. Prats LI.
Generic character. Body very rough, oval, convex; head rather large, without a neck ; eyes almost bisected by the promi- nent margin; antennz arcuated, inserted beneath the margin, thicker towards the tip; mandibles destitute of a horny nail ; palpi filiform, terminal joint of the maxillaries cylindrical : thorax transverse, as broad as the elytra, the anterior angles projected forwards: scutel small, rounded: elytra covering the tergum.
Obs. In consequence of the rowgh unequal character of the surface of these insects, their appearance is repulsive to the com- mon observer, but in the estimation of an entomologist, their claims to his attention are in no respect diminished by any sup- posed departure from a particular standard of beauty. They have been referred by the different authors to the genera Opa- trum, Trox, Diaperis, and even Silpha and Hispa. But Latreille, perceiving that their generic characters were not conformable to any group already existing in the system, separated them under the name of Eledona. This name ought to have been adopted, having the unalienable right of priority over that of Boletopha- gus, subsequently applied by the justly celebrated Iliger. But as the present designation is preferred by Fabricius, Dejean, Leach, and the German entomologists, we for the present acquiesce in the use of it. The species frequent fungi, whence the generic name Boaita., boletus, and 927%, I eat.
BoLeropHAGus CoRNUTUS.— Specific character. Thorax with two slightly incurved horns, which are hairy beneath.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 115
Opatrum bifurcum Fabr., Supp. p. 40.
Opatrum cornutum Panz. Faun. Amer. Bor. Prodr. pl. 1, fig. 5, a b, and fig. 6, a b.
Boletophagus cornutus Fabry. Syst. Hleuth. vol. p. 112. Schoénh. Syn. vol. i. p. 120.
HLledona cornuta Latr. Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. vol. x. p. 312.
Desc. Body brown: head with a few small tubercles; and on the anterior edge an elevated, double acute horn: thorax irregu- larly granulated, with two prominent, porrect, incurved horns, slightly dilated at tip, hairy beneath, and rather longer than the head ; lateral edge denticulated : elytra with elevated, abbreviated lines and tubercles ; at tip somewhat abruptly deflected.
Female, destitute of the elevated double horn on the anterior edge of the clypeus: thorax with two elevated tubercles, verti- eal and truncated.
Obs. This species frequently occurs in various parts of the United States, in fungi. It is very distinct from any other known insect of the genus. The thoracic processes, as well as that of the head, afford very good and striking characters. We have never been so successful as to obtain the above quoted work of Panzer, and we therefore refer to it through other authors.
The two upper figures of the plate represent the male in dif- ferent positions.
The lower right figures exhibit the female. The lines show the natural length.
BoLeTOPHAGUS CoRTICOLA.—Specifie character. Head and thorax unarmed; elytra with elevated, abbreviated lines and tubercles.
Desc. Body brown: head slightly granulated ; anterior edge a little reflected, and very slighly emarginate at tip: thorax granu- lated, and somewhat canaliculate ; lateral edge denticulated ; posterior angle an obtuse spire [spine]: elytra with regular series of elevated, interrupted lines, and alternating with series of ele- vated tubercles.
Obs. For this species I am indebted to Dr. John F. Melshei- mer, who sent me several specimens under the name which I have adopted. He informs me that it was caught in Virginia, in October, under the bark of the pine.
116 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
The lower left figures of the plate represent the species in two positions. The line shows the natural length.
SPHYRACEPHALA. Puare LIL.
Essential character. Head extended each side in a process which is oculiferous at tip; antennze inserted on the front, third joint rounded, compressed, setigerous at tip.
Natural character—Head subtriangular ; eyes pedunculated, peduncles very short, robust; stemmata approximate ; ‘Antenne distant, robust, short, nearly parallel to the peduncles, three- jointed ; first joint very short, almost concealed ; second joint obconic, ciliated at tip; third joint orbicular, setigerous at tip; proboscis bilabiated ; palpi elevated, conic ; metathorax with a conic spine each side beneath the wings; scutel two-spined ; poisers naked ; wings incumbent ; feet moderate ; anterior thighs dilated ; anterior tibiee a little arcuated.
Obs. Two genera of dipterous insects have already been con- stituted, in which the eyes are pedunculated, or situated at the extremity of elongated, immovable processes of the head: these are Diopsis of Linneus, and Achias of Fabricius. The present genus differs from the former, however, in not having the an-
tenne situated on the peduncles of the eyes, but on the front, as in Achias. It agrees with the former in the terminal origin of the seta of the antenna, and in the rotundity of the third joint of those organs, as well as in the armature of the scutel and late- ral part of the trunk. In the little known genus Achias, we are informed the terminal joint of the antennee is elongated, cylindri- cal, and setigerous at base, and that its scutel is emarginate. It is therefore obvious, that the genus under consideration must be placed between Diopsis and Achias ; and that. notwithstanding the brevity of the processes of the head, and the frontal origin of the antennz, it appears to be more intimately allied to the pre- ceding.
Spyracephala is compounded of the words +g, malleus, and Kieaay, caput, in allusion to the form of the head.
SpHYRACEPHALA BREVICORNIS.— Specific character. Dusky; wings bifasciate, with brown; scutel, spines, and feet yellowish. Diopsis brevicornis nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sei. vol. i. p. 23. Desc. Head pale rufous, vertex and each side before the eyes
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 117
dusky ; peduncles of the eyes not longer than the distance between their bases, a distinct seta on the superior part of the peduncle near the tip, and another each side of the vertex above the an- tenne, rather larger than the seta of the antenne : stemmata sit- uated on a very slight elevation: trunk with the lateral spines conic, blackish : scutel, spines cylindric, setigerous at tip: wings hyaline, a band behind the middle, anda semiband before the middle, brown; poisers white: abdomen black, immaculate : feet yellowish ; anterior thighs very thick rufous, blackish above and beneath.
Obs. This insect is very rare in Pennsylvania; a few years since, I obtained a single individual in the month of May: it had alighted on a leaf of the skunk cabbage, near the Wissahickon creek, a few miles from this city. During my subsequent excur- sions in pursuit of insects, I had never the good fortune to meet with another specimen, until the autumn of 1819, when with Major Long’s party on the Missouri, near the cantonment of the party, on the river shore was a considerable body of rock, on which I was frequently occupied in hunting for organic reliquie ; here, amongst other interesting objects, I had the satisfaction to find the present insect in considerable numbers, lodged, for pro- tection against the high winds and cool temperature, in small crevices of the rock.
The plate exhibits two views. The line shows the natural length ; and a wing is figured below.
CLYTUS. Puare LIII.
Generic character. Body elongated, subcylindric ; head inclined; antennze shorter than the body, inserted in an emargination of the eyes, eleven-jointed ; labrum apparent; labial palpi with the last joint obtrigonate ; thorax globose, unarmed ; hind thighs clavate
Obs. A genus somewhat numerous in species, belonging tothe natural family Cerambycide Leach. The species were scattered in the genera Cerambyx, Callidium, Leptura, until Fabricius per- ceived the necessity of a separation, and he embodied them under the present designation. Many of them are very prettily orna- mented with bright yellow bands and spots. In the larva state they live in wood, penetrating freely through the hardest trees, and proving very injurious to the particular kinds of timber which they attack.
118 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
CLYTUS sPECIOsUS.— Specific character. Black ; thorax dila- ted ; elytra about five-banded ; feet yellow.
C. speciosus nobis, Long’s Second Expedition, vol. ii. p. 290.
Body deep black ; head with a band passing from the vertex round behind the eyes, and meeting a band which is round the mouth above, yellow; a yellow band on the front, immediately above the antenne, terminating in the sinus of the eyes; mandi- bles yellow; nasus and labrum pale yellowish, glabrous ; antennae all black : thorax subglobular, depressed ; an oblique spot each side before, and another oblique, longer spot or abbreviated line ' each side of the middle, yellow ; an arcuated, impressed line each slde of the middle; scutel yellow ; two small yellow spots before the scutel under the thorax: elytra with yellow bands; the first band forms a regular arch, of which the scutel represents the key-stone ; the second band is in the form of the letter W, each V receiving a termination of the first band; the third band is nearly transverse, placed upon the middle ; fourth band arcuated each side from the suture obliquely backward, parallel and near to a large terminal spot or band, which on each elytrum is ovate, with a central black spot; tip witha short obtuse tooth: humerus with three small spots: postpectus spotted with yellow: thighs with a brown line on the inner side: venter yellow.
Obs.’ During a short repose of Major Long’s party on the bank of the Wisconsin river, preparatory to ‘crossing that stream, this unusually fine insect attracted the eye of that officer, as it rested on the bark of a hickory tree. Another specimen belongs to the Philadelphia Museum, probably taken in Pennsylvania. As these two are the only individuals that have yet occurred, the species must of course be considered as rare.
The upper figure of the plate.
[Subsequently figured and described as C. Hayi Gray, Griff. An. Kingd.; belongs to Arhophalus Serv. as amended by me.— Lec. |
CLytTus HAMATUS.—Specific character. Black; thorax with a yellow margin; scutel, two bands, and elytral spot, yellow.
C. hamatus nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iii. p. 4238
Desc. Body black; antennz rufous, filiform; terminal joints black; palpi piceous: thorax hairy; the hairs cinereous; margin yellow, which color is interrupted behind: seutel yellow; elytra _
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 119
slightly hairy at base ; each with an oval, oblique spot near the basal middle ; then a subsutural line proceeding from near the basal spots to the sutural middle, thence it curves over the disk, and terminates in a small spot rather before the middle on the exterior margin ; an oblique line behind the middle passses from the suture outward; all these bands and spots are yellow; disk near the tip obsoletely obscure fuscous ; the tip rounded, unarmed; beneath spotted and banded with yellow: feet rufous: thighs at tip dilated, compressed, black.
Obs. Has some resemblance to C. aretis Fabr., of Europe, but besides other points of distinction, the elytra are not remark- ably truncated as those of that species are. It seems also to be allied to C. arvicola and auricola Oliv., and particularly to the latter, from which, however, it may be distinguished by its larger size, by having the thorax nearly surrounded by a yellow line, and by the obliquity of the terminal band of the elytra. I ob- tained it near the Llinois river.
The lower flgure of the plate.
[ Callidium ruricola Oliv. Ins. 70, tab. 8, fig. 96.—Lzc.]
CLYTUS UNDULATUS.—Specific character. Brown; thorax sub- bifasciate ; elytra with a spot and three bands, yellow.
C. undulatus nobis, Long’s Second Expedition, vol. ii. p. 291.
Dese. Body dark brown : head darker than the elytra; antennz dark ferruginous; front, below the antenne, bilineate with pale yellow: thorax darker than the elytra, rough with minute spines and hairs ; anterior and inferior margins yellow, interrupted above 3 basal margin with a transverse yellow spot each side: elytra with a transverse spot on each near the base ; an undulated narrow band across the middle, rising along the suture nearly to the scutel ; an undulated transverse band behind the middle, and a terminal band ; postpectus with the incisures margined with yellow: venter, haying the segments margined with yellow.
Obs. I caught the two sexes of this species in the North West Territory, when traversing that part of the Union with Major Long’s party. It seems to have some resemblance to the C. mu- cronatus Fabricius, of South America ; but the elytra are not mu- cronate, and the markings of the superior surface of the body are different.
The right figure of the plate.
120 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
CLYTUS CAPREA.— Specific character. Fuscous; thorax with the anterior edge yellow; elytra with four bands at tip, yellow.
C. caprea nobis, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei. vol. i. p. 424.
Desc. Body blackish, hairy: head immaculate; antenne short, dull rufous: thorax very hairy; a longitudinal series of trans- verse, abbreviated, elevated lines, of which the anterior one is much more elevated: a yellow line on the anterior edge, inter- rupted on the side : scutel small, black : elytra dark brown, black- ish towards the base; four bands and tip yellow: the first and second bands on each elytrum are united in the form of a circle, only interrupted by the prominent humerus; third band central, and representing a common M; fourth band drawn obliquely backward from from the suture; tip emarginate, a prominent spine at the exterior angle: abdomen and posterior portion of the postpectus fasciate with bright yellow sericeous hair: feet hairy, rufous or blackish; posterior pair elongated; thighs dilated mu- cronate at tip.
Obs. A handsome species, easily distinguished from others by the rugous thoracic line, combined with the O O at the base of the elytra. It inhabits this State, and Mr T. Nuttall pre sented me with many specimens which he found in Arkansaw. The bands of the elytra are sometimes white.
The left figure of the plate.
[This was subsequently described as C. elevatus and C. gibbi- collis Lap and Gory.—Lxc. |
DANAUS. Prats LIV.
Generic character. Anterior feet spurious in both sexes; an- tennz terminated by a club ; palpi distant, subcylindric, slender, short ; inferior wings rounded, not forming a groove for the re- ception of the abdomen; nails of the tarsi simple.
Obs. Latreille established this genus to comprehend the Fa- brician genera Huploea and Idea. They were included in the
genus Papilio by Linnzeus, and formed part of his division of Danai festivt.
DANAUS PLEXIPPUS— Specific character. Wings entire, ful- vous, with dilated black veins, margin black, with white dots.
Papilio danaus plexippus Linn. Syst. Nat. Gmel. yol. i. part 5, p. 2278
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. LIANE
Papilio plexippus Cram. vol. iii. p. 24, pl. 206, figs. HE and F. Herbst. Natur. vol. vii. p. 19, pl. 156, figs. 1, 2.
Catesby, Carolina, vol. ii. pl. 88.
Linmus feruginea plexippe Hubner.
Papilio archippus Smith, Ins. of Georgia, vol. i. pl. 6.
Desc. Superior wings above fulvous, anterior margin black, with white dots; exterior margin black, with a double series of white dots; the black at the tip is very broad, and contains a dilated, interrupted, and abbreviated fulvyous band, and several pale fulvous spots ; posterior margin black, immaculate ; beneath as above, but the spots are of a purer white ; inferior wings en- tire, sometimes a little crenate, fulvous, with a black posterior, and half of the exterior margins black, the former with a double row of white spots, of which those of the middle are sometimes nearly obsolete, outer margin with a single series of three or four white spots; nervures of the disk margined with fuscous, with an elevated spot behind the middle, on the third nervure from the inner margin ; beneath ochreous, in other respects resembling the superior surface, but the spots are of a purer white and larger, the nervures are more dilated, black, edged more or less deeply with white ; body black, with numerous white dots on the trunk, and a few on the head and neck above; feet blued black.
Obs. The black margin of the superior surface of the wings has an opalescent gloss in a particular light. The larva is an- nulate with black and white, with two slender processes on the anterior part of the body, and two on the posterior part. The pupa is of a delicate green color, with dots of burnished gold. It feeds on different species of Asclepias, and is very abundant in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, on the A. syriaca, and accord- ing to Abbott in South Carolina, on the A. curassavica. I con- sider the present as the plexippus, on the authority of Gmelin, who in his edition of the Systemata Nature, states its native country to be North America. I have of course omitted many synonyms and references which that author has inserted, as I consider them to be doubtful. Catesby’s figure cannot be mis- taken; he states that the species is “common in most of the northern colonies in America.”
The plate represents two views of the insect.
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EXPLANATION
OF
TERMS USED IN E'NTOMOLOGY.
“Ay.
Abbreviated, shortened, not extending to the extremity of a given part ; (elytra) shorter than the abdomen.
Abdomen, the posterior portion of the body, divided into segments or rings, by sutures or znciswres ; including the viscera, geni- tals, Ke., and composed of tergum, venter, stigmata, and anus.
Abrupt, terminating suddenly, not drawn out to a point.
Acetabuliform, like a circular shallow saucer, the sides of which are more or less incurved. See calathiform.
Acetabulum, that segment of the postpectus that is situated behind the peristaethium ; it is bounded each side by the parapleure, and behind by the merianx ; it contains cavities before for the insertion of the intermediate feet.
Acicular, needle-shaped ; approaching swbulate, but more slen- der, with a more delicate and pungent point ; closely allied to accrose.
Acinaciform, cimitar-shaped ; sabre-shaped ; one thick and straight edge, the other thin and curved.
Acini, granulations.
Aculeate, prickly ; furnished with, or ending in, prickles; armed with small sharp points.
Aculeate-serrate, armed with numerous short spines or prickles inclining towards one end.
Aculei, prickles ; small sharp points.
Aculeus, the instrument and appendages with which the female lays her eggs; the oviduct or sting; an elongated dart, often poisonous, seated in the extremity of the abdomen ; it is com- pound, having two or more darts; exserted, projecting ; re- condite, concealed; retractile, capable of being withdrawn ; simple, having but one point ; or vaginate ; inclosed in a bivalve sheath ; it is composed of valve, vagina, and spicula.
124 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Acuminated, tapering to a point ; a point lengthened out.
Acute, sharp pointed.
Adnate, connected; adhering or growing together; adjoining ; (abdomen) attached to the thorax without the intervention of a petiole.
Adpressed, contiguous ; pressed to, or laid to.
Aiquata, equal.
Afroscepsin, a supposed unknown sense, of which the antenne are, by some, believed to be the organs.
Hruginous, the color of verdegris; light bluish-green.
Alzx, wings.
Alated, winged; furnished with wings, or with projecting bodies somewhat like wings.
Albidus, a dusky white.
Albus, white.
Alternate, so placed that between two on one side, there is but one on the opposite side; or a series of spots on the chequer- board would be said to be alternately black, or alternately white. See opposite.
Alveolate, furnished with cells.
Alveole, a cell like that of a honeycomb.
Ambulatory, formed for walking. See saltatory, cursory.
Anal angle, the inner posterior angle of the inferior wings of the Lepidoptera.
Anastomosing, inosculating, or running into each other like veins.
Anastomosis, a spot in the upper wing, at the branching of the nervures, near the costal edge; the stigma; in general this word is used to indicate the connection of any two nervures of wing, by means of a transverse nervure.
Anceps, two-edged, very similar to ensiform.
Ancipital, having two opposite edges or angles.
Annulata, or annulosa, one of the four great types into which Cuvier divides the animal kingdom ; it consists of those ani- mals whose bodies are more or less divided transversely into segments. It includes the classes Crustacea, Myriapoda, Arach- nides, Insecta, and Vermes.
Annulate, or annulated, furnished with colored rings; marked with differently colored annulations.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 125
Annulus, a ring; the circumference of the gula in which the lora terminates ; a term applied to colored rings upon the body or members, differing from a band, by being continued quite round.
Antenne, two articulated organs of sensation, situated on the head; in the Hymenoptera particularly, they are divided into radicula, scapus, pedicellus, and apex; they are moniliform, setaceous, clavate, Ke.
Anterior angle, of the thorax, is the lateral angle near the head on each side.
Anterior margin, the margin on the anterior side of the wings, extending from the base to the apex; the costal margin ; opposite to the posterior margin.
Anterior palpi, the labial palpi.
Anterior wings, the superior wings.
Antipenultimate, the last but two.
Anus, the apex of the abdomen, in which the organs of genera- tion in most insects are attached or concealed ; including jim- bria, aculeus, and penis.
Apex, in general indicates the terminal portion of any organ or part of the body; (of the wing) it is that part or angle which is opposed to, or at the greatest distance from, the base ; (ligula) the portion which is not included in the tubus ; (maxille) that portion which is above the palpus.
Apiculate, covered with fleshy, erect, short points. See verru- cose.
Apodal, (larve) with simple tubercles instead of feet. See geometre.
Apophysis, the coxe ; the two small basal joints of the feet. See trochanter and flocculus.
Approaching, converging.
Approximate, near to, near together ; (antennz) close together at base.
Aptera, insects without wings; many of the Coleoptera are des- titute of wings, and in most of such species the elytra are inseparable: the females of several species of the Lepidoptera are also destitute of wings; as are also some of the Hymenop- tera.
Arachnoideous, cobweb-like ; resembling a cobweb.
126 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Arcuated, or arquated, bowed.
Arex, or Areolz, wing cells; the membranaceous spaces between the nervures ; the cellules.
Aristate, or setarious, (antenne) furnished with a hair, which arises from the superior, lateral, or terminal portion of the ter- minal joint, as in the common house-fly. See clavate, lamel- late.
Articulate, divided into distinct joints.
Articulation, joint; this word is generally used to denote the space between two joints; articulations are apparent, when their distinction is obvious, and obsolete, when their separa- tion are not, or hardly visible. The Coleoptera have generally eleven articulations to each antenna, the Hemiptera four to six, the Hymenoptera commonly thirteen in the males and twelve in the females.
Artus, the members ; the instruments of motion, wings, fect, Ke.
Asperous, rugged ; with very distinct elevated dots, more uneven than scabrous.
Assurgent, rising; declining at the base, and rising in a euryed manner to an erect posture.
Ater, the deepest black.
Atomus, a minute dot or point.
Atropurpureus, dark purplish, almost black.
Atrovirens, dark green, approaching blackish.
Attenuated, growing slender ; tapering.
Aurantiacus, orange color; a mixture of yellow and Ean See Sulvous.
Aurelia, that state of the imperfect insect which succeeds the larva ; the chrysalis or quiescent state of transformation of an insect, in which it is often inclosed in a separate hard cocoon or follicle. See nympha, pupa.
Aureus, golden-yellow.
Auricle, or auricula, an appendage resembling a little ear; a short membranaceous process, placed laterally on the tongue, it is peculiar to the family Andrenide; they are distinguished from the laciniz interiores of the Apide by being usually serrate at tip; they are the “ petites parties en forme de bar-
billons” of Degeer; a depressed lateral, rounded lobe of the thorax.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 127
Axillary, placed in the crotch or angle of the origin of two bodies ; arising from the angles of ramification.
Azure, azure-blue; nearly the same as ceruleus, but more like ultramarine.
B.
Badius, chestnut or liver brown.
Barb, a kind of spine armed with teeth pointing backwards.
Barbated, or bearded, (antennx) having tufts or fascicles of hair at the articulations; (abdomen) tufted with hair at the sides or tip.
Basal, or basilar, relating to the base.
Base, (of the wing or elytra) that part which is attached to the thorax : (of the thorax) that part which is nearest to the elytra; (of the abdomen) the part nearest to the metathorax ; (of the tongue) the portion included in the tubus; (of the maxille) the part below the pa/pus, including cardo and pecten.
Bearded, barbated.
Bicaudate, having two tails or processes; this term is gener- ally applied to the posterior wings of Lepidoptera when thus formed.
Bicornute, two-horned.
Bicuspidate, ending in two points.
Bifarious, pointing in opposite directions.
Bifid, cleft; cloven in two. See emarginate, furcate, biparted.
Bijugum, in two pairs.
Bilamellar, divided into two lamine.
Bilobate, divided into two lobes.
Bilocular, having two cells or compartments.
Binate, in pairs: consisting of a single pair.
Biparted, profoundly divided into two parts. See bifid.
Bipupillate, an ocellate spot, having two pupils or dots within it, of a different color.
Biradiate, consisting of two rays.
Bisetous, furnished with two setaceous appendages.
Bivalve, (proboscis) consisting of two valves or divisions united, so as to form a tube.
Blind, or subocellate, applied to an eye-like spot which is desti- tute of the central spot or pupil.
128 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Body, includes every part of the insect, and is divided into head, thorax, and abdomen.
Boreal, of or belonging to the north.
Botryoidal, clustered like a bunch of grapes.
Brachial nervures, those nervures of the anterior wing that ori- ginate at the thorax, and run somewhat parallel with the cnte- rior edge, towards the posterior angle or posterior edge, often connected with the cubital cellules by means of the recurrent Nervures.
Bronze, the color of old brass.
Brunneus, pure very dark brown.
Bullate, blistered.
C.
Caducus, shedding ; easily and quickly falling off.
Creruleus, color of the sky; sky-blue.
Ozesius, pale blue, approaching gray.
Calathiform, bowl-shaped: hemispherical and concave. See crateriform, proculiform.
Calcarate, having a spur.
Calyculate, double-cupped : one cup placed within another.
Campanulate, bell-shaped: more or less ventricose at the base, and a little recurved at the margin.
Canaliculate, channelled: excavated longitudinally, with a con- cave line in the middle.
Cancellate, or cancelled, cross-barred; latticed; having longi- tudinal lines or grooves decussate by transverse ones.
Canus, hoary, with more white than gray.
‘ Capillary, hair-like ; long and slender like a hair. See filiform.
Capitate, having a head; terminating in a little head or knob; it differs from clavate by a more abrupt enlargement.
Capitulum, the dilated or labiated termination of a proboscis ; the enlarged tip of the halteres.
Caput, the head.
Cardo, or cardines, in Hymenoptera, is a transverse corneous body, situated between the base of the mazille and the lora; they are mentioned by Swammerdam as organs, by which, in
conjunction with the fulcrum, the proboscis is united to the head.
Carina, a keel.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 129
Carinate, keeled ; resembling a keel; having a longitudinal pro- minence like the keel of a boat.
Carious, corroded, or haying the appearance of being worm-eaten.
Carneous, flesh-colored.
Carpus, or punctum, is at the extremity of the radius and cu- bitus of the anterior wing; this is the joint in the wing of some insects, by means of which it is folded transversely: it has been called stigma in the Neuroptera, and is often opake.
Cartilaginous, of the consistence of cartilage or gristle.
Caruncle, a soft, naked, fleshy excrescence.
Cataphracted, invested with a hard callous skin, or with scales closely united.
Caterpillar, the larva or eruca.
Cauda, the tail: the posterior and terminal part of the abdomen ; an appendage of any kind terminating the abdomen is usually called by this name. See anus.
Caudate, generally applied to the posterior wings of Lepidop- tera, to indicate tail-like projections or processes.
Caudulx, tailets ; little tails.
Cellule, a portion of the wing included between the nervwres. See radial cellule.
Cernuous, bent; the apex bent downward. See mutant.
Cespitose, matted together.
Cheek, the gena ; a portion of the head beneath the eyes on each side.
Chela, the terminal portion of a foot, which has a moveable lateral toe like the claw of crab.
Chrysalis, the second stage of the insect from the egg; particu- larly the second state of Lepidopterous insects, of which cater- pillar or eruca is the first ; the pupa.
Cicatrix, a scar; an elevated, rigid spot.
Ciliate, fringed ; set with parallel hairs, bristles, &c.
Cinereous, ash-color ; gray tinged a little with blackish ; the color of wood ashes.
Cingula, a colored band.
Circinal, spirally rolled inwards and downwards, as in the /ingua of Lepidoptera.
Class, one of the principal divisions in a system or arrangement of natural bodies.
9
130 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Clavate, club-shaped; gradually becoming thicker towards the end. See capitate.
Claw, the unguis.
Clypeus, the superior portion of the head in Coleopterous insects.
Coadunate, joined together at base ; two or more joined together; (elytra) permanently united at the suture.
Coarctate, contracted ; compact; opposed to effuse ; (metamor- phose) that species of change in which the pupa assumes a cylindrical shape, all the members of the body being concealed as in the family of Hippobosca. See ducomplete, semicom- plete.
Cocardes, retractile vesicular bodies on each side of the stethi- dium of insects of the genus Malachius.
Coccineous, the color of the blossom of the saffron.
Cochleate, twisted spirally like a screw, or a univalve shell.
Cocoon, a follicle.
Coenogonous, oviparous at one season of the year, and ovovivi- parous at another, as the Aphides.
Coleoptera, the first order of insects, having” coriaceous elytra, not lapped one over the other at tip; coriaceous elytra.
Collar, the collum.
Collare, the somewhat elevated posterior part of the collum.
Collum, the neck or collar; the anterior segment of the trunk in such insects as have that part of the body divided into several pieces, as in the Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, &c.; in reality it corresponds with the ¢horax of the Coleoptera, &c. See collare.
Columnar, differs from cylindric, by tapering towards one end, like the shaft of a column.
Comose, ending in a tuft, or kind of brush. See plwmose.
Compressed, flattened laterally; the transverse diameter much shorter than the vertical diameter. See depressed.
Ooncolores, applied to the wings of Lepidopterous insects when their superior and inferior surfaces are of the same color.
Conduplicate, doubled, or folded together.
Conflect, crowded, clustered ; opposed to sparse.
Confluent, running into one another.
Congested, heaped together.
Conglomerate, congregated.
Conjugate, consisting of a single pair.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 131
Connate, united at base.
Connivent, converging or approaching ; closing.
Vy ,, shi .
Contiguous, touching; placed so near as to touch. See approxi-
mate. Contorted, twisted ; incumbent upon each other in an oblique
direction.
Convolute, rolled or twisted spirally: (wings) wrapping around the body, the outer surface being convex. See revolute, in- volute.
Converging, approaching each other towards the tip; connivent.
Corbicula, in many species of Hymenoptera, is a fringe of hairs on the posterior tibia, arising from the margins of the limb only. See scopa.
Cordate, heart-shaped: it is not absolutely necessary that an emargination should exist on the anterior part, but it requires that the object be somewhat triangular with the corners of the base rounded.
Coriaceous, leather-like ; thick, tough, and somewhat rigid.
Corneous, of a horny substance; resembling horn.
Corniform, horn-shaped ; long, mucronate, or pointed.
Cornutus, horn-shaped.
Corona, a crown-like apppearance.
Corpus, the body.
Corrugated, wrinkled.
Costa, the thickened anterior margin of a wing, between the base and apex. See stigma.
Costal-margin, the anterior margin of wing.
Costate, ribbed; marked with elevated thickened lines.
Coxe, the two-jointed base of the feet ; the apophysis, consisting of the patella and trochanter.
Crateriform, somewhat like calathiform, but not so much in- flated, and rather approaching to injundibulijorm. See urceo- late. ?
Crenate, scolloped ; differs from serrate and dentate, in having rounded teeth, not directed towards either end.
Cruciate, cross-shaped ; having the shape of a cross; (wings) incumbent, but the inner margins lay one over the other.
Crustaceous, somewhat hard, elastic, resisting the pressure of the
finger.
132 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Cubital-cellule, a portion of the superior wing, included hbe- tween the nervure of the radial cellule and a nervure which originates near the extremity of the cubitus, and runs in a curvilinear direction towards the extremity of the wing; it is complete if this nervure reaches the posterior edge, and incom- plete if the nervure is abbreviated ; it is often divided into two or three parts by transverse nervures ; when one of these parts or small cellules appears to be supported by a petiole it is termed a petiolated cellule ; it is called submarginal cellule by some authors.
Cubitus, the second nervure of the exterior margin of the wing, extending from the base to the carpus; it is separated from the radius by an intermediate membrane.
Cucullate, cone-shaped ; hooded.
Cultrate, shaped like a pruning-knife.
Cuneiform, wedge-shaped ; broad and truncated at one end, and attenuated to the other.
Cupreous, coppery ; the color of copper.
Cuspidate, prickly-pointed ; ending in a sharp point; an aecu- minated point ending in a bristle. See mucronate.
Cursory, formed for running. See natatory.
Cyathiform, wineglass-shaped ; more or less obconical and con- cave. See calathiform, acetabuliform.
Cyaneus, dark-blue, like prussian-blue.
Cydariform, globose, but truncated at two opposite sides.
Cymbiform, boat-shaped ; navicular.
D.
Deciduous, falling off easily. See caducus.
Decrepitant, crackling.
Decumbent, bending down ; upright at base, and bending down at tip. See procumbent.
Decurrent, closely attached to, and running down another body.
Decurved, bowed downwards. See excurved.
Decussated, in cross-pairs ; pairs alternately crossing each other.
Deflected, bent downwards ; (wings) incumbent but not hori- zontally, the outer edges declining towards the sides.
Dehiscent, gaping; open or standing open; deeply emarginate.
Deltoid, triangular spear-shaped ; trowel-shaped ; having the general appearance of a triangle, with the terminal angle much further from the base than the lateral ones.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 133
Deadrovd, shrub-like; having the appearance of a little tree.
Dentate, toothed ; with acute teeth, the sides of which are equal, the tip being opposite to the middle of the base. See serrate.
Dentate-serrate, tooth-serrated; the denticulations being them- selves serrated on their edges.
Dentate-sinuate, toothed and indented.
Denticulated, set with little teeth or notches.
Denuded, or denudated, destitute of covering ; (wings) without seales or hair.
Dependent, hanging down.
Depressed, pressed downward: more or less flattened vertically ; the vertical diameter much shorter than the transverse diame- ter. See compressed.
Detonant, exploding ; emitting a sudden noise.
Diaphanous, semitransparent ; clear.
Dichotomous, forked ; dividing by pairs.
Diffracted, bending in different directions.
Diffuse, spreading.
Digitate, finger-like : divided like fingers nearly to the base.
Digitus, the terminal joints of the tarsus and manus divided into unguis and pulvillus.
Dimidiatus, half round; extending half way round; (elytra) covering but half the tergum.
Dioptrate, applied to an ocellate spot, of which the pupil is di- vided by a transverse line.
Diptera, that order of insects comprehending those that have only two wings.
Disk, the surface within the margin.
Dislocated, applied to designate a stria or line which is inter- rupted in its continuity, but of which the tips at the inter- rupted parts are not in a right line with each other.
Dissilient, bursting open elastically.
Distinct, (antennz) not united at base.
Divaricate, straddling ; spreading out; (wings) incumbent, but diverging behind.
Diverging, spreading out widely, so as to form nearly a right angle.
Dolabriform, hatchet-shaped; compressed with a very promi- nent dilated keel and cylindrical base. See securiform.
‘
134 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Dorsal, of the back.
Dorsum, the posterior portion of the stethidium on the superior surface of the body, directly above the postpectus, and bounded behind by the tergum ; in the Coleoptera it is covered by the basal portion of the elytra.
Duplicate, doubled.
E.
Ecalcarate, without a spur or horn.
Echinate, set with prickles.
Edentulous, destitute of teeth.
Edge, of a surface, is that line which includes the are and forms the extreme boundary; the elytra of many Coleoptera have a deflected margin beneath the edge called epipleura.
Eflected, bent outwards somewhat angularly.
Egg, the first state of the insect.
Elliptical, elongate-oval ; differs from oval by having the lines nearly parallel in the middle.
Elytra, coriaceous, opake, more or less solid lamelle, separated in repose by a rectilinear suture, substituted for the anterior wings and covering the dorsum and tergum in repose ; in- cluding base, tip, humerus, and epipleura. See hemelytra.
Emarginate, notched; terminating in an acute notch at tip. See sinuate.
Ensiform, sword-shaped ; two-edged, large at base, and tapering towards the point. See ancipital.
Entire, (wings) with a simple margin ; not indented on the edge.
Epupillate, an ocellate spot included by a colored ring, but desti- tute of a pupil or central dot.
Epipleura, the deflexed or inflexed margin of the elytra, imme- diately beneath the edge.
Equal, superfices without inequalities, not canaliculated, striated, punctured, &c.; this term differs from plane, in not requiring the part to be level or in a rectilinear direction, but occurs in round bodies; also applied to bodies of the same length.
Equitant, folded one upon the other; laminated.
Erect, upright; nearly but not absolutely perpendicular to the horizon. See vertical.
Eroded, gnawed ; as if worm-eaten ; (edge) with irregular teeth and emarginations.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 135
Eruca, the state of Lepidopterous insects succeeding the egg; caterpillar : larva.
Escutcheon, the scutel.
Essential character, a peculiar trait, distinguishing the genus or species from all others.
Exaratus, sulcated. ‘
Exarticulate, having no distinct joints.
Excaudate, or ecaudate, (wings) destitute of tail- ike) processes.
Excurved, curved outwards.
Explanate, spread out ; flat.
Exscutellate, having no scutel.
Exserted, protruded ; opposed to inclosed; (aculeus) projecting, not concealed within the body.
Extended, (wings) not lying one upon the other.
Exterior edge, or anterior edge, of the wings; it extends from the base to the apex.
Exterior margin, (wing) the anterior margin from the base to the apex.
Exterior palpi, the maxillary palpi.
Exuvia, the cast-off skin, the rejected covering. See vernantia.
Eyes, organs of sight, composed of very numerous hexagonal lenses ; all insects have two eyes besides the stemmata.
F.
Face, or facies, the anterior and superior portion of the head ; including vertex, stemmata, eyes, front, and nasus.
Falcate, shaped like a sickle; convexly curved before and con- cave behind.
Farctus, filled full.
Fascia, a tranverse band or broad line; a fascia is said to be common, when it passes over both the superior and inferior wings, as in many species of Lepidoptera, or when it passes across the two elytra in Coleoptera. See striga.
Fasciated, banded.
Fascicle, a bundle.
Fasciculate, bundled ; clustered as in a bundle ; tufted.
Fastigiate, flat- sansa : of an equal height.
Fatiscent, spontaneously mouldering and falling to} pieces in the
alr.
136 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Favose, honeycomb-like ; with large deep holes like the cells of a honeycomb. See scrobiculate.
Feelers, the palpi.
Feet, six organs of motion situated beneath the body; consisting of apophysis, femur, tibia, manus, tarsus, plantus, and palma.
Femur, the thigh, or third joint of the feet.
Fenestrate, applied to the naked hyaline spots on the wings of many of the Lepidoptera.
Ferruginous, the color of the oxide of iron; brown approaching yellow.
Filate, (antennz) simple, without a lateral hair or dilatation ; this word is used in the order Diptera.
filiform, thread-shaped ; slender and of equal thickness. See setaceous, clavate.
Filose, ending in a thread-like process.
Fimbria, thick ciliated hairs at the termination of the abdomen ;
conspicuous in the genus Andrena. See scopa, flocculus.
Fimbriated, fringed.
Fissile, cloven ; divided into parallel lamellz, as in the antenne of Scarabzeus, and the wings of the Alucitadz. See /amellate
Fissure, a crevice ; a narrow solution of continuity.
Fistular, hollow ; applied to a hollow cylinder.
Flabelliform, fan-shaped.
Flaccid, limber ; feeble ; lax.
Flagellum, the terminal portion of the antennz situated beyond the pedicellus ; the apex.
Flavo-virens, green verging upon yellow.
Flexuous, zig-zag without acute angles ; seems to differ from undulated in being alternately bent and nearly straight.
Flocculus, a hairy or bristly appendage of the posterior apophysis in a few of the Hymenoptera. See jimbria.
*luviatile, inhabiting rivers, as the larve of many insects.
Foliaceous, resembling a leaf.
Follicle, 2 cocoon ; the covering formed by the Jarva for protec- tion in its pupa state.
Forceps, two or more hooks or processes, sometimes branched on the inner side, with which the male grasps the anus of the female ; they constitute part of the penis.
Forcipated, formed somewhat like a pair of pincers.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 137
Fornicate, arched or vaulted.
Fossula, a sinus; a small hollow; foveola and scrobiculus have nearly the same meaning.
Foveolate, covered superficially with cavities like a honeycomb.
Fragile, brittle, easily broken.
Front, anterior portion of the head, included by the eyes, vertex, and nasus, and supporting the antennzx ; (Diptera) that portion of the head which is above the antennze and between the eyes, its superior portion is called the vertex.
Fulcrum, the corneous body on which the base of the tubus, or sheath of the tongue, in the Hymenoptera, rests; it is “le pivot” of Reaumer.
Fuliginous, sooty ; of the color of soot.
Fulvous, orange-yellow.
Furcated, forked; terminating in two divisions.
Fuscus, dark brown, with a slight mixture of gray.
Fusiform, spindle-shaped; gradually tapering more or less to each end.
G.
Galea, helmet; a dilated inarticulate membranaceous piece on each mazilla, that, together with the Jabrum, covers the organs of the mouth in the Orthoptera and some of the Neu- roptera.
Gastric, of or belonging to the belly.
(relatinous, jelly-like ; haying the consistence of jelly.
Grenvinate, situated in pairs.
(rena, cheek ; a portion of the: head on each side immediately beneath the eye, often turgid.
Greniculate, knee-jointed ; bending abruptly in an obtuse angle.
Genus, an assemblage of species which correspond in particular characters.
Geometre, larvee which when walking, alternately elevate and straighten the middle of the body, as in those of the genus Geometra ; opposed to rectigrade. .
Gribbous, hump-backed ; protuberant.
Glabrous, smooth ; opposed to hairy, downy, villous, ke.
(rlaucous, gray-bluish-green.
Globular, like a round ball; all the diameters equal.
Glochis, a barbed point.
15
[9 2)
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Glomerate, congregated.
Glutinous, slimy, viscid.
Gracile, slender.
Granulated, covered with small grains.
Gregarious, living in society, as many of the larve of Lepidop- tera that fabricate a common web.
Griseus, light gray.
Grub, the larva; generally applied to the immature Scarabzeus.
Gula, concave portion beneath the head, between the base of the mentum and the jugulum.
Gymnoptere, membranaceous and transparent wings without scales.
H:
Habit, or habitus, the port or aspect ; used comparatively to ex- press a resemblance in general appearance, apart from more important markings derived from organization.
Habitation, or habitat, a situation or locality frequented by insects.
Haletres, the poisers, capitate moveable filaments, in the Diptera, situated one on each side of the thorax, substituted for the in- ferior wings, and often covered by the scale; they are said to be naked when destitute of the scale.
Hamu’, minute hooks in Hymenoptera, situated on the anterior margin of the under wing, they lay hold of the hind margin of the upper wing.
Hamus, a hooked process, covered with scales, situated under the upper wings near the base, in the males of many of the Lepidoptera, receiving a bristle (tendo) from the lower wing ; the hamus is never present in females.
Hand, the manus.
Hastate, halbert-shaped ; resembling the head of a halbert; ex- cavated at the base and sides, but with spreading lobes or angles.
Haustellum, the sucker; it is formed by the assemblage of in- flexible setae, and inclosed in a rostellum or proboscis. See lingula.
Head, the anterior portion of the body, connected at base with the anterior portion of the stethidium; it includes occiput, Jace, gena, mouth, gula, jugulum, and antenne.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 139
Heels, the spinutee.
Hemelytra, scales, generally coriaceous at base, and membrana- ceous at tip, not divided by a straight suture, and substituted for the anterior wings, as in the Orthoptera and Hemiptera. See tegmina.
Hemispheric, convex above and flat below, like the half of a globe.
Hepatic, liver-brown.
Hexapode, having six feet, as in all true insects.
Hirsute, rough with strong hairs; shaggy. See pilous, villous, tomentous.
Hispid, bristly ; rough with stiff, short, sparse hairs. See s¢r- gose.
Hoary, covered with a fine white silvery substance or pubescence. See pruinous.
Homotene, retaining the primitive form; referring to those arti- culated animals with feet, that do not change their form with their vernantia.
Horizontal, (wings) when at rest parallel to the horizon.
Horns, 1 word used by some writers to designate the antenne.
Humerus, the region of the exterior basal angle of the elytra ; according to Meigen it is the anterior angles of the thorax in Diptera.
Hyaline, transparent; vitreous.
Hymenoptera, an order of insects, comprehending those with four membranaceous naked wings, as the bees and wasps.
Hypocrateriform, salver-shaped.
Hypostoma, that portion of a Dipterous insect which is included between the antenne, the eyes and the mouth ; called by some naturalists clypeus.
is
Imago, the perfect insect, after having passed through the states of larva and pupa.
Imbricate, tiled; placed one over another like shingles on the roof of a house.
Immaculate, destitute of spots.
Immarginate, having no elevated margin or rim.
Imperfect, or incomplete metamorphose, is that species of change from the larva to the imago, in which the feet and wings of the pupa are immoyeable, as in the Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Kc.
146 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY...
Incanus, hoary.
Incisure, or suture of the abdomen, is an impressed transverse line, marking the juncture of two segments.
Inclining, leaning. ;
Inconspicuous, not readily discernible. See obsolete.
Incrassated, thickened, swelled out at some particular part.
Incumbent, resting against; one lying over the other; (wings) which, when the insect is at rest, cover the back of the abdo- men horizontally.
Incurved, bowed inwards. See recurved.
Indurated, hardened.
Inequal, unequal ; with irregular elevations and depressions on the surface.
Inferior wings, those that are farthest from the head, otherwise called posterior wings; they are generally smaller than the superior or anterior wings ; many are provided with hamulv. +
Inflected, bent inwards at an angle.
Infracted, bent inwards abruptly, as if broken.
Infundibuliform, faunnel-shaped.
Inner margin, or interior margin, of the wings, is that margin which extends from the base to the postetor angle.
Mnstitia, stria of equal breadth throughout.
Instrumenta cibaria, the trophi; parts of the mouth taken col- lectively.
Interior edge, or inner edge, the boundary of the ‘nner margin.
Interior palpi, the labial palpi.
Interrupted, broken in its continuity ; but the tips of the broken parts are in a right line with each other. See dislocated.
Interstitial line, the longitudinal space which intervenes between two striz of the elytra.
Intorted, turned or twisted inwards.
Invertebral, those animals which are destitute of the vertebral column.
Involute, rolled inwards spirally.
Tris, of an ocellate wing spot, isa circle which surrounds the pupil.
Trreguiar, (antennz) articulations strikingly unequal either in magnitude or order.
frrovate, marked with minute points; dew-like.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 141
J. Joint, articulation ; this word is applied to the space between two incisures, as the divisions of the antennae. Jugulum, that cavity of the posterior part of the head to which the neck is annexed. K. Keel, the carina,
L.
Labial palpi, articulated filaments, one on each side of the da- bium ; the interior or anterior palpi.
Labiated, having lips.
Labium, lower lip; composed of the mentum, and ligula or tongue ; it supports the labial palpi.
Labrum, upper lip; the superior member of the trophi ; it is generally moveable, and applied to or placed immediately beneath
» thenasus, and above the mandibles; it is sometimes entirely con- cealed ; it isthe labium of some authors.
Lacerated, ragged ; torn.
Lacinizx exteriores, (in the family Apidee,) two elongated, flat- tened or concave, biarticulate valves, situated on the tongue and near their tip supporting the /abial palpi; they are distinguished from those palpi by being flat instead of cylindrical.
Lacinizx interiores, (in the family Apidee,) two inarticulate, mem- branaceous valves, which embrace the tongue at its entrance into the tube.
Laciniated, jagged ; cut into irregular segments.
Lactescent, yielding or secreting a milky fluid.
Lacteus, of a shining white or milky color.
Lacunose, pitted ; having the surface covered with small cavities. See favose.
Lamella, a thin plate or foliation.
Lamellated, (antennz) divided laterally into distinct plates or foliations. See fissile, setaccous, &c.
Lanate, woolly ; covered with dense, fine, long, white hairs, so distinct that they may be separated. See tomentose.
Lanceolate, lance or spear-shaped ; oblong and tapering to the
end.
Larva, the first state of an insect subsequent to the egg; it is known by the names maggot, grub, caterpillar, Xe. ; it is slow, sterile, and voracious ; the old authors called it eruca.
142 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Lateral, situated on the side.
Lateritious, brick-color; like miniatus, but duller, and verging towards yellow.
Latticed, cancellated.
Leg, the tibia.
Lenticular, spherically convex on both sides; a depressed double convex figure.
Lepidoptera, an order of insects, of which the wings are four in number, covered by minute imbricated scales; as butterflies and moths.
Leprous, with loose irregular scales.
Ligula, tongue; the superior portion of the labiwm ; it is situ- _ ated beneath the maxillex, generally of a soft texture, often bifid, and frequently coriaceous at base. See lingula, rostellum, ros- trum, haustellum, proboscis, promuscis, and tubus.
Ligulate, strap-shaped, cut off at top; somewhat linear, and much longer than broad.
Lilacinous, lilac color; like violaceous, but duller, tinged with red.
Limb, the circumference.
Line, the twelfth part of an inch.
Linear, with parallel sides; narrow and nearly of a uniform breadth.
Lineated, lined; streaked ; marked with lines.
Lingua, a bivalve, involuted, obtuse and fistulous tongue, com- posed of two elongated semitubular fillets, which are in reality elongated maxillx, as in the Lepidoptera; the central organ of the proboscis in the Hymenoptera constituting a cartilagin- ous instrument of suction. Fabricius has applied the word labium to denote this part, and he again applies the same word to designate the whole proboscis ; it is “le lévre inferieur” of Degeer.
Linguiform, tongue-shaped ; linear with the extremities obtusely rounded.
Literate, ornamented with characters like letters.
Trivid, dark gray, verging towards violet.
Longitudinal, the direction of the longest diameter; situated longitudinally with respect to the body.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 143
Lora, small corneous cords upon which the base of the probos- cis is seated; these parts seem to be intended to let out or draw in the proboscis; when the latter is projected they point towards the mouth, and when it is retracted they point towards the breast ; they are “les leviers” of Reaumur.
LInbricous, covered with a slippery mucous.
Lucid, shining ; applied to insects which shine by night, as Lam- pyris and Fulgora.
Luciferous, giving light.
Lunate, cresent-shaped ; formed like a new moon.
Lurid, of a brownish-blue color.
Luteus, unmixed yellow.
Lyrate, cvt into several transverse segments, and gradually en- larging towards the extremity; lyre-shaped.
M.
Macula, a spot larger than a puncture, of an indeterminate figure, and of a different color from the general surface.
Maculated, spotted ; marked with spots.
Maerianum, that segment of the postpectus situated one on each side behind the acetabulum and parapleurum ; it supports the posterior feet.
Maggot, the larva; commonly applied to the immature fly (Musca).
Mandibles, the upper jaws, generally corneous, placed one on each side immediately beneath the /abrum, and above the mazille, moving transversely ; they are the maxille of Kirby, and are destitute of palpi.
Manus, the hand; the articulated termination of the anterior feet ; the anterior ¢arsus, including palma.
Marcescent, shrivelling.
Margin, that portion of a surface which is within the edge, bounded on the inner side by the submargin, and consisting of a more or less dilated imaginary line.
Marginal cellules, the radial cellules.
Marginated, surrounded by an elevated or attenuated margin.
Maxillz, jaws; one on each side of the mouth immediately be- neath the mandibles, moving transversely, usually corneous at base, and membranaceous or coriaceous at fip, and furnished with one or two palpi.
144 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Mawxillary palpi, or exterior palpi; articulated moveable filaments near the middle of the dorsal edge of the mazxillz ; in some Coleoptera there are two pairs, and are then distinguished into internal and external, the former is biarticulate and incumbent on the back of the mazilla.
Members, (artus) the exterior organs of locomotion taken collec- tively, as well as the appendices of the trunk and abdomen. Membranaceous, thin, skinny and semitransparent like parch-
ment; of a thin pliable texture.
Meniscoidal, somewhat globular, with one side concave.
Mentum, the chin ; the lowest piece of the mouth, supporting the Lingula or tongue, and sometimes covering it in front.
Metamorphosis, an alteration in the appearance of an insect, owing to the development of parts previously concealed, by a sudden vernantia ; the transformation from the imperfect or larva state to the perfect insect ; it is imperfect, semicomplete, or coarctate.
Metathorax, the posterior portion of the stethidium on the superior surface ; it is separated from the thorax and scutel by sutures, and is particularly obvious in the Hymenoptera. See dorsum.
Miniatus, red, like red-lead.
Modioliform, somewhat globular, truncated at both ends like the nave of a wheel.
Monodactyle, armed with a moveable nail which closes on the tip; it differs from chelute in having but one process.
Monarsenous, that kind of polygamy in which one male suffices for many females.
Moniliform, (antennz) beaded like a necklace. See aristate and per foliate.
Monogamous, propagating by the union of one male and one female only.
Monothelious, that kind of polygamy in which a female is fecun- dated by many males.
Mouth, the anterior and terminal part of the head, containing the trophi.
Mucronate, terminated in a sharp point. See cusprdate.
Murtcate, armed with sharp rigid points.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 145
Mystax, in some Diptera, is a patch of bristles or hair, imme- diately above the mouth, on the lower part of the hypostoma, below the vibrissee.
Ne
Naked, (pupa) not folliculated ; (surface) glabrous.
Nasus, the anterior termination of the face, particularly in Hy- menoptera, often separated from the front by a suture, and often elevated, sometimes gibbous; it is very obvious in Vespa and the kindred genera; it has no relation with the organs of smelling ; it supports the labrum.
Nail, the unguis.
Natatory, (feet) formed for swimming. See cursory, saltatory.
Navicular, boat-shaped ; with a concave disk and elevated mar- gin; cymbiform.
Nebulous, clouded ; marked with many scattered, abrupt, dilated lines of various forms.
Neck, a contracted posterior termination of the head in some in- sects.
Nervures, nerves or vein-like processes which support the mem- braneous part of the wings; divided into radial, cubital, bra- chial and recurrent-
Neuroptera, an order of insects, including such as have four finely reticulated wings and no sting, as Dragon-flies, May- flies, &c.
Niger, black, a little tinged with gray.
Nitidus, nearly synonymous with /ucid, but is less brilliant, and is applied to highly polished surfaces.
Nutant, nodding ; the tip bent down towards the horizon.
Nymph, the second state of an insect, from the egg, the members of which are free, or not enclosed with a common integument,
"as in Grillus. See chrysalis, aurelia, pupa.
O.
Ob, perfixed to a word generally signifies inversely.
Obconic, inversely conic ; conic with the vertex pointing down- ward.
Obcordate, inversely heart-shaped ; heart-shaped with the point
applied to the base of another object or part. 10
146 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Oblate, flattened ; this term is applied to a spheroid of which the diameter is shortened at two opposite ends. Oblong, the transverse diameter much shorter than the longitu-
dinal.
Obovate, inversely egg-shaped, the narrow end downwards or towards the base.
Obsolete, indistinct ; inconspicuous.
Obtect, (pupa) wrapped in a crustaceous covering.
Obtuse, blunt ; ending in a segment or circle.
Occiput, the hinder part of the head; the part behind the vertex.
Ocellate, applied to the eye-like spots on the wings of Lepidop- terous insects, usually formed of a differently colored iris or ring, inclosing one or more small spots.
Ocelli, the stemmata.
Oculi, the eyes.
Ochreous, yellow with a slight tinge of brown.
Onychii, two or three small processes between the unguis at the termination of the tarsus. See pulvillus
Operculum, a lid; a small valvular appendage.
Opposite, placed on the side opposite to another, so that the bases of the two are on the same transverse line. See alternate.
Orbicular, round and flat, the diameters of the plane equal.
Orbit, an imaginary border around the eye.
Order, the subdivision of a class.
Os, the mouth and its parts.
Oval, somewhat egg-shaped, but the outlines of the ends are equal. See ovate.
Ovate, shaped like the longitudinal section of an egg, the outline of the ends being unequal.
Oviduct, the instrument and appendages with which the female deposits her eggs. See aculeus.
Oviposition, the act of depositing eggs; the manner in which eges are deposited.
Oviparous, propagating by means of eggs.
Ovoviviparous, producing living young, the eggs being disclosed in the matrix of the parent.
P-
Palate, the interlor part of the transverse lip. Pagina inferior, the lower surface of a wing.
i
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 147
Pagina superior, the upper surface of a wing.
Paleaceous, chaffy.
Pallide-flavens, pale or whitish yellow.
Pallidus, of a pale cadaverous hue.
Palma, palm; the basal tarsal joint of the anterior feet, some- times furnished with strigilis. See manus.
Palmate, hand-shaped ; cut down nearly half-way to the base into subequal, oblong segments, leaving an entire space like the palm of the hand.
Palpi, articulated moveable filaments in the mouth of insects, generally shorter than the antenne; divided into ‘Jahial and maxillary palpi.
Panduriform, fiddle-shaped ; oblong, broad at the two extremi- ties, and contracted in the middle.
Papitionaceous, butterfly-like.
Papillary, having the apex semiglobular ; somewhat like a nip- ple; this term ought to be distinguished from verrucose.
Papillous, pimpled ; having the surface covered with raised dots or pimples. See verrucose.
Pappus, down.
Parallelogram, a quadrilateral, right-lined figure, whose oppo- site sides are parallel and equal to each other.
Parapleurum, that segment of the postpectus, which is situated one on each side of the acetabulum, behind the scapula; in some genera are two on each side; they may be distinguished into anterior and posterior.
Parasitical, inhabiting another animal.
Parictes, walls ; perpendicular sides of the honeycomb ; sides of elevated bodies.
Patulous, open; spreading.
Pearlaccous, haying the appearance of pearl.
Pecten, in Hymenoptera, rigid, incurved setee which arm the ex- terior margin of the upper part of the base of va/vule or maxille.
Pectinate, comb-shaped ; cut into regular straight segments like the teeth of a comb. See perfoliate, setaceous.
Pectus, the anterior, inferior portion of the trunk, ineluded, be- tween the head and postpectus.
148 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Pedes, the feet ; this term is applied to the whole limb, consist- ing of femur, tibia, tarsus.
Pedicellus, the third joint of the gntenne, particularly in Hy- menoptera, often forming the pivot, turning in the socket of the scapus, upon which the other articulations, constituting the apex, sit, and by means of which they often form an angle with that part; it is “le bouton” of Reaumur.
Pedicle, a pedicellus.
Peduncle, a stalk or petiole.
Pedunculated, elevated on a stalk or peduncle.
Peltate, target-shaped.
Pendent, hanging down.
Penicilliform, pencil-shaped.
Penis, the genitals of the male, consisting of forceps and phallus.
Pennaceous, feathered like the web of a quill. See plumous.
Penultimate, the last but one.
Perennial, continuing for several years.
Perfoliate, perforated ; applied to those antennze of which the joints are transversely divided into thin plates, which are con- nected by a common stalk passing nearly through their cen- tres. See clavate, pectinate.
Peristaethium, that segment of the postpectus anterior to the in- sertion of the intermediate feet; it extends laterally to the scapulx, and is generally connected with the pectus by a mem- brane.
Persistent, permanent.
Personate, gaping.
Petiolated, supported on a stem; (cellule) one of the cubital cellules is said to be petiolated when it is triangular, and con- nected by means of a neryure with the nervure of the radial cellule ; this disposition more frequently occurs in the second cellule.
Petiole, a stem; the support which connects the base of the metathorax with the base of the abdomen.
Phallus, the masculine organ of generation.
Phosphorescent, lucid ; emitting light in the dark.
Piceous, pitchy ; the color of pitch.
Pilous, having long sparse hairs. See hirsute.
Pinnatifid, with winged clefts.
e
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 149
Plane, a level or rectilinear surface, destitute of elevations or depressions ; a curved surface cannot be plane because it is not rectilinear. See equal.
Planta, the basal joint of the.tarsus of the posterior pairs of feet in Hymenoptera, often dilated or elongated, containing scapula. See palma.
Pleura, the side of the stethidium, between the thorax and pectus.
Plicate, plaited ; folded like a fan.
Plumous, feathered ; with fine hairs on each side so as to resem- ble a feather. See pennaceous.
Poisers, the halteres, in the Diptera, a capitate moveable filament on each side, substituted for the inferior wings.
Polliniferous, formed for collecting the pollen of plants, as in many of the Hymenoptera.
Polymorphous, undergoing a metamorphose ; applied to those ar- ticulated animals with feet that undergo a metamorphose, either partial or total. See homotene.
Polyphagous, eating a variety of food.
Porcate, marked with raised longitudinal lines.
Porrect, stretched out; prominent ; elongated forwards.
Posterior angle, of the wing, is the junction of the posterior edge with the interior edge; of the thorax, is the lateral angle near the base of the elytra.
Posterior edge, the boundary of the posterior margin.
Posterior margin, of the wing, extends on the hind part of the wings from the apex to the posterior angle. See inner margin.
Posterior wings, the inferior wings.
Postpectus, the posterior portion of the stethidium on the infe- rior surface of the body, consisting of several pieces, which in the Coleoptera particularly are the peristaethium, acetabulum, parapleurum, scapula, and maerianum.
Prasinus, grass-green, without any tinge of blue.
Premorse, as if bitten off; with a blunt or jagged termination.
Prismatic, like a prism ; of equal thickness and having several flat sides ; differs from cylindrical in being angular.
Procwliform [poculiform], hollow and cylindrical, with a hemi- spherical base, the sides at top straight and not recurved. See calathiform, cyathiform.
150 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Proboscis, the inarticulate trophi of the Muscze, and is sometimes soft, labiated and generally retractile, sometimes horny and acute ; according to Kirby it is the tongue of the Hymenop- tera with all the apparatus, and its vagina.
Procumbent, trailing ; prostrate; lying flat. See decumbent.
Promuscis, according to Lliger, is the trophi of the Hymenoptera.
Pruinous, covered with a frosty kind of woolliness ; hoary.
Prerigostia, or wing-bones, the nervures.
Pubescent, coated with very soft, fine wool, hair or down, which is short and not crowded. See villous, tomentous.
Pulverulent, dusty.
Punctured, warked with small impressed dots. See scrobiculate, variolous.
Pulvillus, the soft termination of the foot between the wnguis ; it is “un petit mammelon” of Degeer. See onychit.
Puniceous, carmine color.
Pupa, the second state of the insect from the egg, often quies- cent ; the members being more or less concealed by the com- mon integument. See aurelia, nympha, chrysalis.
Pupil, of an occellate wing-spot, is the central spot which is sur- rounded by the as.
Pyriform, pear-shaped. A
Quadrangular, having four angles.
Quadrate, square ; somewhat square.
Quadrilateral, having four sides.
Quiescence, a state of hybernation somewhat resembling torpidity, wherein the animal requires but little nourishment, and ex- hibits exterior signs of life.
R.
Radial cellule, or marginal cellule, a portion of the membrane of the wing, situated near the apex, included between the exte- rior margin and a nervure which originates at the carpus and passes, with various degrees of curvature, towards the apex ; it is complete when the nervure reaches the apex, and incom- plete when this member is abbreviated or interrupted, and appendiculated when transversely divided by a nervure which does not originate from the carpus ; when there are two-radial cellules the nervure of one of them originates on the basal side of, or below the carpus.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. Lik
°
Radiated, furnished with lines which proceed from a common centre. See stellate.
Radicula, radicle; the basal joint of the antenne, attached to the head.
Radius, the first nervure of the external edge of the superior wing ; it extends from the base to the carpus, and is separated from the cubitus by a membrane.
Ramous, having branches ; branched.
Raptatory, formed for seizing a prey.
Reclivate, curved in a convex, then in a concave line.
Recondite, (aculeus) concealed within the abdomen, seldom ex- posed to view.
Rectigrade, larvee, which having sixteen feet, walk with a recti- linear body. See geometre.
Rectangular, in the form of a right angle; having an angle of ninety degrees.
Rectilinear, vight-lined ; formed in a straight line.
Recurrent nervures, one or more ascending branches of the Ura- chial nervures, which are inserted into the cubital cellules, some- times into the first and second, sometimes into the second and third, and others into one only.
Recurved, bowed backwards.
Reflected, or reflexed, bent back rather angularly.
fRefracted, bent back as if broken.
Remote, further-removed than distant.
Reniform, kidney-shaped.
Repand, wavy ; with alternate segments of circles and interven- ing angles. See scalloped.
Replicatile, capable of being folded back.
Resilient, haying the property of springing back.
Resupinate, upside down ; horizontally reversed.
Reticulate, like net-work.
Retinaculum, horny moveable scales in the Hymenoptera, serv- ing instead of muscles to move the spicula, or to prevent it from being darted out too far.
Retracted, opposed to prominent; drawn back.
Retractile, generally exserted, but capable of being drawn in.
Retrorse, (sinuate) pointing backwards ; (serrate) inversely ser- rated.
Loz AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Retuse, ending in an obtuse sinus, or broad shallow notch ; ter- minated by an obtuse hollow.
Reversed, (wings) deflexed, the margin of the posterior wings projecting beyond that of the anterior wings.
Reviviscence, the awakening from torpidity ; the restoration from suspended animation.
Revolute, rolled backwards spirally. See convolute.
Rhombus, a quadrangular figure, having its four sides equal and its opposite lines parallel, with two opposite angles acute and two obtuse.
Rhomboid, a figure approaching to a rhombus.
Rigid, inflexible, not easily bending; opposed to limber.
Rimose, full of cracks.
Ringent, gaping.
Roseus, color of a rose, a pale blood red.
Rostellum, a little bill or beak ; it is horny and articulated as in Cimex, &c.; it is the “rostrum” of Latreille. See rostrum. Rostrum, an immoveable prolongation of the head, at the end of which is the mouth, as in the Curculio kind. Latreille applies
this term to the roste/lwm of the Cimices.
Rotate, wheel-shaped.
Rudiment, the incomplete formation of a part or organ.
Rufous, reddish.
Rugous, wrinkled ; with irregularly waved and elevated lines. See corrugated.
Runcinate, notched ; cut into several transverse acute segments which point backwards.
8.
Saccate, gibbous or inflated towards one end.
Sagittate, arrow-shaped ; triangular, and deeply emarginate at base.
Saltatory, (feet) formed for leaping, the thighs being dilated. See ambulatory, cursory.
Sanguineous, color of arterial blood ; duller than puniceous.
Scabrous, rough like a file, with small raised dots. See asperous.
Scale, the squama.
Scalloped, (edge) marked or bounded by segments of circles, with- out intervening angles.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 158s
Scapula, that segment that is situated one on each side of the peristaethium, on the anterior lateral angle of the postpectus, immediately beneath the humeral angle of the elytrum; it is bounded behind by the parapleurum.
Scapus, scape; the second articulation of the antennee, often elongated ; it is the “ bulbus” of Linné, and “le fuseau’’ of Degeer.
Scopa, thick hair, covering the posterior tibiwe of some Hymen- opterous insects; it is used in collecting and carrying pollen. See scopula and corbicula.
Scopula, bristles or rigid hairs, in some Hymenopterous insects, covering the inside of the plant, principally those of the pos- terior feet ; it is very conspicuous in polleniferous insects ; it is the “scopa”’ of Schrank, and “la brosse” of Reaumur. See scopa, fimbria, flocculus.
Scriptus, lettered ; marked with various characters resembling letters.
Scrobiculated, pitted; having the surface covered with hollows ; with deep round pits. See favose.
Scrotiform, purse-shaped.
Scutel, or scutellum, a small subtriangular portion of the superior surface of an insect, generally separated by a suture from the middle of the base of the thorax.
Scutellar angle, (of the elytra) is the angle next to the scutel.
Secund, pointing one way ; unilateral.
Securiform, hatchet-shaped ; triangular-compressed like the iron part of a hatchet. See dolabriform.
Segment, of the abdomen, isa ring or division of that part, and is bounded by sutures or incisures. |
Semicomplete, (metamorphose) in this kind of change the insect continues active and feeds, as in Grillus. See coarctate, in- complete.
Semicylindric, flat on one side; the form of the longitudinal half of a cylinder.
Semisagittate, half arrow-shaped ; like the longitudinal half of an arrow-head.
Septum, an internal division of a tubular body.
Sericeous, having the surface shining by means of dense, minute, short, silky hair. See pubescent.
154 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Serrate, like the teeth of a common saw ; differs from crenate in having the teeth acute, and from dentate in having them di- rected towards one end, the tips not being opposite to the middle of their base.
Sesquitertial, occupying the fourth part.
Sesquiocellus, or sesquialter,a large ocellus including a smaller one.
Sessile, connected immediately with the part from which it ori- ginates, without the intervention of a peduncle; (abdomen)
attached to the stethidium, by a considerable part of its whole breadth.
Seta, a bristle.
Setaceous, bristle-shaped; slender and gradually attenuated to the tip. See capillary, filiform.
Setarious, aristate ; terminating in a simple naked bristle, as in the antenne of some of the Diptera.
Setous, bristly, set with bristles.
Sexes, of insects, are distinguished in Entomological works by % (Mars) for male, and 9 (Venus) female.
Shank, the tibia. ;
Simple, destitute of any remarkable processs or appendage ; (thighs) equal, not dilated or formed for leaping; (aculeus) having only a single dart or point, not vaginate.
Sinuate, indented ; cut into deep sinuses.
Sus, a curvilinear indentation more or less profound; differs from emargina in not being angulated; an excavation as if scooped out. See retuse.
Solid, this term is applied to the capitulum of the antenne, when the articulations of which it is composed exhibit no in- terval between them.
Sparse, or sparsate, scattered; spread irregularly, and at a dis- tance from each other.
Spatulate, battledoor-shaped; round and broad at top and attenu- ated at base. See cuneiform.
Species, comprehends all the individuals which descend from one another or froma common parentage, and those which resemble them as much as they resemble each other.
Specific character, a character which comprehends all the indi-
viduals of a species, and distinguishes them from all others of the same genus
‘ AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 155
Spicula, the instrument with which the female lays her « See vagina.
Spinous, armed with acute processes or spines.
Spinous-radiate, beset with spines in a circle, either concatenate, united at their bases, or setaceous, like bristles.
Spinule, spinous processes at the base of the tibia, in Hymen- opterous insects, including velwm ; they are the “spines” or “spurs” of Degeer, and heels of Leach.
Spiracula, Spiracle, one of the lateral orifices of the trunk and abdomen, through which insects respire; the stigmata.
Spiral, revolving obliquely like a corkscrew; or rolled up like a watch-spring.
Spurious, this word is applied to the anterior feet of some of the Lepidoptera, in which these members are destitute of nails, and not suitable for walking.
Spurs, the spinule.
Squama, or scale, a small scale above the halteres in the Dip- tera; it is composed of two pieces united at their edges, as in bivalve shells.
Squamula, a very small corneous, concavo-convex scale, cover- ing the base of the superior wings in some insects.
Squamous, scaly ; covered with scales.
Squarrous, scurfy ; consisting of rough scales spreading every way, or divided into pieces, standing upright and not parallel with the surface.
Stellate, star-formed ; with four or five radiating lines. See radiated.
Stemmata, two or three simple, convex, crystalline bodies on the vertex of many insects, resembling the eyes of spiders, Xc., and probably performing the same functions.
Sternum, a carina or corneous process immersed in, or prominent on the pectus, and which extends longitudinally between the anterior feet, often elongated before or behind, or concealed by the base of the anterior feet.
Stethidium, the trunk; all that part of the body included be- tween the head and abdomen. See thoraz. :
Stigma, an opake spot on the costal margin of the anterior wings, of some Neuroptera, &c.; it is the “anastomosis” of Kirby, and the “punctum marginale” of Linné. See carpus. :
156 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Stigmata, the spiracula.
Stipes, the stalk or basal portion of the proboscis.
Stipitate, supported on a pedicle.
Stria, a longitudinal line, often punctured, generally proceeding from the base to the apex of the elytra.
Striate, scored ; marked with fine, parallel, impressed, longitudi- nal lines. See sulcate.
Striga, a narrow transverse line. See fascia.
Strigilis, a deep sinus near the base of the palma; in some Hy- menoptera it is often pectinated.
Strigose, clothed with rigid bristles thickest at base. See Aispid.
Sub, is prefixed to many of the terms used in Entomology, and signifies that the term is not exactly applicable, in its strictly defined sense, to the subject spoken of, but that it must be understood with some latitude ; thus swbovate is somewhat egg- shaped.
Subcutaneous, placed under the skin; applied tolarve which feed under the skin of animals, or within the substance of the leaf of a plant. :
Suberoded, (wings) somewhat indented, but irregularly.
Submargin, an imaginary portion of a surface, situated exterior
~ to the disk, and within the margin.
Submarginal cellules, the cubital cellules.
Subocellate, applied to a spot on the wing of a Lepidopterous Insect, when it resembles an ocellate spot, but is destitute of a pupil; blind.
Subulate, awl-shaped ; linear at base and attenuated at the tip.
Sulcated, marked with broad, concave, parallel lines; grooved ; furrowed. See striate.
Sulphureous, bright yellow ; the color of sulphur.
Superciliary, placed above the eyes.
Superior wings, the anterior or upper pair of wings.
i
Tail. the terminal segment of the abdomen ; an elongation of the tip of the inferior wing in some Lepidoptera.
Tarsus, the small terminal joints of the feet, divided into planta; digitus; Kirby limits this designation to the terminal joints of - the intermediate and posterior pairs of feet ; for that of the an-
terior pair see manus ; but authors generally have not made this distinction.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 157
Tegmina, wing covers of the Orthoptera ; the left laps over the right in Blatta, Phasma, and male Locuste, and generally in Gryllus and Truxalis---the right over the left in Mantis, Mantispa, Acheta, Gryllotalpa, and some female Locusta. See hemelytra.
Tegula, a small scale, resembling the squamula of the Diptera, but more simple and solid, on the base of the superior wings of many insects.
Tendo, one or more bristles attached near the base of the under wing, and passing through the hook (hamus) in many male Lep- idoptera; the females often have the tendo, but never the hamus.
Tentacula, retractile processes on the larve of some species of Lepidoptera.
Teres, nearly cylindric.
Tergum, the superior portion of the abdomen, separated from the venter by lateral sutures, and divided into segments which are perforated each side with the spiracule.
Terminal, situated at the extremity.
Tessellated, chequered ; figured like a chess-board.
Testaceous, tile or brick color.
Tetragonal, having four corners or angles.
Thigh, the femur; the third joint of the feet.
Thorax, the dorsal portion of the trunk, included by the dorsal sutures, and including tubercula, anterior angle, posterior angle, base. See pectus.
Thyrsus, a cluster.
Tibia, the leg, or fourth joint of the feet; it is slender, long, enlarging towards the extremity, which is truncated; includ- ing spinulee, scopa, and corbicula.
Tip, of the elytra, is that part which is opposed to the base.
Tomentose, covered with fine hairs so matted together that par- ticular hairs cannot be separated. See danate, ciliate.
Tongue, the ligula or lingua.
Torose, protuberating ; swelling into knobs or protuberances.
Torpidity, a state of hybernation in which no exterior signs of life are exhibited. See quiescence, revivescence.
Tortilis, twisted.
Transverse, the longest diameter placed transversely with respect to the body.
158 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Trapezium, a quadrilateral or four-sided figure with none of its sides parallel.
Trichotomous, dividing by threes.
Tricuspidate, ending in three points.
Tridactylous, having three toes or claws.
Trigonate, three-cornered.
Triquetrous, three-sided ; with three flat sides. See trigonate.
Trochanter, the second joint of the feet, preceding the thigh or femur ; it is also the second joint of the apophysis ; it is very prominent in the Carabide.
Trochlearts, pulley-shaped ; like a cylinder contracted in the middle.
Trophi, instrumenta cibaria; feeders; parts of the mouth taken collectively, composed of five principal parts, viz. labrum, mandibles, maxille, palpi, labium.
Truncate, cut off square at tip. See emarginate, sinus.
Trunk, or stethidium, that part of the body which intervenes be- tween the head and abdomen, including wings, feet, thoraa, pectus, epigastrium.
Tubercle, a little solid pimple.
Tubercula, an elevated triangular process at the anterior angle of the thorax, particularly in Hymenoptera.
Tubulous, formed like a tube ; fistulous.
Tubus, a corneous sheath at the base of the tongue, including fulcrum, auricule, and lacinix. Fabricius calls it the base of the tongue. Degeer names it “the intermediate piece of the sheath ;’ Swammerdam also considers it “the sheath of the tongue.” Latreille names it “la gaine.”
Tunicate, composed of concentric layers enveloping one another.
Turbinate, top-shaped ; nearly conical; it differs from pyriform in being shorter and more suddenly attenuated at base.
Turgid, swollen.
UW: Umbiticate, resembling a navel. Umbonate, bossed, having an elevated knob in the centre. See gibbous. Uncinate, hooked at the end. Unequal, opposed to equal; differing in length.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY. 159
Undulated, waved obtusely, without any right lines, but in seg ments of circles. See flexuous.
Unguiculate, armed with a hook or nail.
Unguis, nail or claw, two incurved hooks which terminate the tarsus. See pulvillus.
Ongulate, hoof-shaped ; like a horse’s hoof.
Urceolate, pitcher-shaped ; swelling in the middle like a pitcher. See infundibuliform, cyathiform.
Utriculus, a little bag, or hollow vesicle.
x:
Vagina, every part, the office of which is to cover, defend, or support the tongue—it is divided into tubus, valve, palpi, lora, and annulus, (Kirby) ; the bivalve coriaceous sheath or cover of the spicula.
Vaginate, (aculeus) inclosed in a bivalve sheath.
‘alve, or valvule, in the Hymenoptera, are two coriaceous lamina or sheaths which surround and inclose the vagina, and which support the exterior palpi ; small concave membranes inclosing the proboscis; the maaxillx.
Variety, a peculiarity of color or form in an individual, not proper to the species; this difference is sometimes inherited by several successive generations.
Variolous, with large, unequal, impressed points.
Veins, (vene). See nervures.
Velum, membranaceous appendages attached to the spinile at the apex of the anterior tibiz.
Venter, the inferior portion of the abdomen, separated from thie tergum by lateral sutures, and divided into segments.
Ventricose, distended ; bellying ; inflated.
Vernantia, vernatio; moulting, the shedding of the skin or exuvia.
Verrucose, having little hard lumps or wart-like elevations upon the surface. See papillous, apiculate.
Versatile, vane-like ; turning about like a vane.
Vertebral, of or belonging to the vertebra; generally used to indicate spots, lines or a different shading of color, &c., im- mediately over the part corresponding with the verteb ral column in a vertebrate animal.
160 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.
Vertex, that part of the face which lies between the occiput, eyes and front ; (Diptera) the superior portion of the front.
Vertical, perpendicular ; at right angles with the horizon. See erect.
Verticillate, placed in whirls.
Vesicular, beset with prominences that are internally concave, or with little bladders.
Vibratile, this term is used to express the almost continual movement of the antennze of some Ichneumons and Mautille ; and of the wings of some Diptera.
Vibrissee, curved bristles or hairs in some Diptera situated be- tween the mystax and the antenne.
Vili’, soft hairs.
Villous, soft haired; clothed with long, soft hair. See hirsute, pubescent.
Violaceous, violet color ; a mixture of blue and red.
Viscid, covered with a resinous or greasy matter. See glutinous.
Vitellinus, yellow, with a slight tinge of red.
Vitta, a longitudinal colored line.
W.
Whirls, or whorls, generally on the antenne, consisting of small hairs placed round the joints, like spokes round the cave of a wheel. See verticellate.
Wing-cells, the areex.
Winglets, small concayo-convex scales generally fringed at tip, placed under the base of the elytra in Dytiscus marginalis. Wings, membranaceous, reticulated instruments of flight, affixed laterally to the thorax, comprehending superior or anterior, and inferior or posterior wings, e/ytra and hemelytra. See
posterior angle, nervure, stigma.
WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER. 161
[From the Western Quarterly Reporter, Vol. II. No. 1, for January, February, and March, 1823, p. 71-82.]
ARTICLE IX. Naturat History.
A Description of some new species of Hymenopterous Insects.* BY THOMAS SAY, Professor of Natural History in the University of Pennsylvania, and of Zoology to the Philadelphia Museum.
The following descriptions of insects belonging to the order Hymenoptera, of Linné, have been made out from specimens col- lected by myself whilst engaged as a member of Major Long’s exploring party under the orders of the Secretary of War, J. C. Calhoun, in traversing the region of country which extends from the river Mississippi to the base of the Rocky Mountains. These insects constitute about one-third of the whole number of new Hymenoptera discovered during the expedition: the remainder will be the subject of a future essay.
* The name of this class of insects is derived from two Greek words ‘uny-evoc, membrane, and waex, wing. The insects belonging to it have most commonly four naked wings, with longitudinal nervures, the infe- rior of which are shorter and straighter than the superior, to which they are attached. They have six feet, a mouth furnished with distinct man- dibles, with jaws and a lip which by their union form a trunk or sucker, which is called tongue. The female most frequently has the abdomen terminated with a little needle or awl. The wasp and bee are familiar instances of the general characters belonging to this class of insects. The service rendered by these, which like the wasp prey on inferior in- sects, is scarcely less acceptable than that performed by the bee in the collection of honey for our use. The manners of this class are very in- teresting throughout, whether we consider them engaged in the con-- struction of receptacles for their progeny, or selecting with great appa- rent forethought and much labor, the food which is destined for their Su bsistence.—Ed. W. Q. R.
Ell
162 WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER.
ALLANTUS Jurine.
1. A. VENTRALIS.—Black ; feet before and abdomen beneath white.
Inhabits Arkansa. [72]
Body black ; nasus, labrum, mouth, abbreviated line above the eye, and large spot beneath it, white; thorax with a line before the wing, small spot each side on the scutel, white ; wings a little dusky: feet white before ; pectus with a white line on each side, and somewhat testaceous central spot ; tergum immaculate ; venter white.
Length nine-twentieths of an inch.
2. A. BIFASCIATUS.—Black ; tergum with a white band at base, and a rufous one in the middle.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Body black; nasus white; labrum and palpi dull whitish : thorax with a yellowish line before each wing ; scutel yellowish ; wings dusky ; nervures brown ; feet white ; tips of the posterior thighs and their tibiz, black ; tergum with a white band at base and a rufous one on the middle.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch. ( @ )
For this handsome species I am indebted to Mr. Thomas Nuttall.
3. A. EXTERNUS.—Black : tibia white on the exterior side.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body deep black ; head with a spot each side on the nasus and base of the mandibles, white ; wings fuliginous ; nervures black : thighs at tip above, incisures of the coxe, exterior side of the tibia and tarsi, white: posterior feet robust.
Length nine-twentieths of an inch. A female.
4. A. pALLIPES.—Black ; thorax rufous before ; feet white.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body black; labrum and palpi white; thorax with a rufous triangle before, a rufous spot on each side of the disk, another beneath the origin of the wing and tip of the scutel rufous: a whitish spot before the wings; wings, a little dusky; carpus whitish : feet white ; posterior thighs blackish in the middle ; ter-
WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER. 163
gum, with the lateral basal margin of the segments, rufous; venter rufo-testaceous each side, dusky in the middle. Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
DOLERUS Jurine.
D. coitiaRris.—Black; thorax, rufous before.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body entirely black ; with the exception of a yellowish-rufous [73] anterior thoracic, triangle, and anterior segment or collar of the same color, which descends on each side.
Length to the tip of the wings nine-twentieths of an inch.
TREMEX Jurine. 1. T. sericeus. [Ante, p.73.] 2. T. OBSOLETUS. [Ante, p. 74.]
ANOMALON Jurine.
A. FLAVICORNIS.—Black ; antennz yellow; wings blackish ; abdomen very much compressed.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Mouth piceous; thorax with two approximate dilated grooves confluent behind ; scutel united to the thorax by a carinated line each side; tip of the superior wings, and tip of the interior mar- gin of the inferior wings, broadly margined with blackish: abdo- men dilated towards the tip, broad, very much compressed ; first segment sub-cylindric, nearly as longas the second and third segments taken together, and geniculate at its union with the second segment.
Length more than one inch.
I obtained an individual specimen near the Rocky Mountains.
MUTILLA of Authors. [74]
M. quapricurratTa.—First segment of the tergum with four yellow dots.
Inhabits near the Rocky Mountains.
Body ferruginous, with confluent punctures; antenna and mandibles black at tip; tergum black, first segment with four yellow dots placed nearly equidistant two and two, the anterior
164 WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER.
pair smaller; posterior segments and tips of the first segment with yellowish sericeous hair. Length more than half an inch.
SCOLIA Latreille, Jurine.
1. S. 8-macunata. [Ante, p. 68.] 2. S. rricincra. [Ante, p. 69.] 3. S. conrLuENTA. [Ante, p. 68.]
PLESIA Jurine. [75]
P. MARGINATA.—Yellow ; abdominal segments margined be- hind with black; beneath black.
Body yellow ; head black, varied with yellow; collar with the anterior declivity black ; thorax black ; squammula and large cen- tral spots yellow ; two spots on the scutel yellow ; metathorax and a large spot on the pleura pale rufous; feet black: a whitish spot near the tip of the posterior face of the tibia, and another upon the anterior face of the anterior pair; tergum with the pos- terior margin of the segments black ; anal segments black: ven- ter with three triangular yellow spots on each side.
Length less than three-fifths of an inch.
This species agrees in character with the genus Plesia of Jurine; but it differs from Mizine of Latreille, by having the mandibles entirely destitute of teeth, a character which it possesses in com- mon with Meria Illiger, but the form of its wing cells will not admit of its being referred to the latter genus.
SAPYGA Latreille, Jurine.
S. supuLATa.—Black, elongated ; thorax spotted, and abdom- inal segments margined with yellow ; feet yellow.
Inhabits the United States.
Body elongated, black, apparently glabrous but donered with short hair ; , Aleaetts and hase of the mandibles, yellow ; mandibles with a Fnale tooth near the tip; antennz rather longer than the thorax, cylindrical, attenuated at base ; thorax bifasciated before the wings, the anterior band interrupted; a spot on [76] the disk and two transverse scutellar spots yellow; metathorax with two lon- gitudinal yellow spots ; a yellow triangular spot under the origin
WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER. 165
of the wings; feet yellow, black at base ; wings tinged with fer- ruginous ; abdomen segments with yellow posterior margins in- terrupted on the middle of the venter, the anterior one not ex- tending beneath ; anterior segment abruptly rather smaller than the second one; aculeus naked, exerted, inflexible, recurved.
My specimens are males. It inhabits Missouri as well as Pennsylvania, and is not uncommon. Probably it is allied to Elis sexcincta Fab.
POMPILUS Fabr., Latr., Jur. P. rormMosus. [Ante, p. 91.]
AMPULEX Jur.
A. CANALICULATA.—Black ; superior wings with a blackish band ; antennz and feet piceous.
Inhabits Missouri.
Mandibles at tip and labrum rufous; front with a carina above each of the antenne and another in the middle which descends upon the hypostoma; collar densely punctured and grooved in the middle; thorax sparsely punctured and with two distant longitudinal impressed lines; metathorax with eight dilated grooves, in which are numerous transverse elevated lines; wings brownish, superiores with a blackish band and black stigma ; ab- domen polished immaculate. :
Length nearly two-fifths of an inch.
These insects have a singular appearance in consequence of their elongated collar and metathorax. The species resembles the Fusciatus Jur., but differs in the number of grooves on the
metathorax. STIZUS Latr., Jur. (77]
1. S. cranpis. [Ante, page 3.] 2. S. unicinctus. [Ante, p. 4.]
LARRA Fabr., Latr.
1. L. ABpomINALIS.—Black ; thorax with cinereous down ; ab- domen, first, second and third segments, rufous ; feet black.
Inhabits Arkansa. .
Body black ; front argenteous; thorax with cinereous down ;
166 WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER.
feet black, with argenteous hair; abdomen, first,second and third segments, bright rufous ; on the tergum each with a lateral silvery sericeous lunule; terminal segments black, of which the fourth one has a lateral sericeous lunule; anal segment with a rufous reflection above.
Length of one specimen eleven-twentieths, of another seven- tenths of an inch.
With the exception of the tibia, this species, in point of color, resembles Z. tricolor F., but differs from it in form, the abdomen in this respect being more closely allied to that of L. ichnewmont- formis. [78]
2. L. ransata.—Black ; abdomen rufous; tarsi rufous.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Body black ; abdomen entirely rufous, drawing on sanguineous; tarsi, with the exception of the first and second ones, rufous ; wings hyaline.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
ASTATA Latr.
A. BIcoLoR.—Black ; abdomen bright rufous, dusky at tip.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Head, minutely punctured; mandibles, piceous at tips; ante- rior stemmata of the male, very large; thorax minutely punctured ; wings hyaline ; nervures blackish ; stigma pale rufous; abdomen rufous sanguineous ; the male black at tip, seutel on the disk im- punctured, polished; metathorax with crowded dilated superficial punctures.
Length less than two-fifths of an inch.
On a transient view this insect resembless Darra tarsata. 1 obtained it near the Rocky Mountains.
NYSSON Latreille, Jurine.
N. 5-sprnosus.—Black: abdomen fasciate with glaucous ; metathorax four or five spined.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Body black; antenne whitish beneath; clypeus white with a longitudinal black line; mandibles black: margin of the collar tuberculi, (Kirby,) an oblique interrupted line above the wings, scutellar line and tips of the metathoracic spines, whitish ; spines
WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER. 167
about five, the superior ones largest, the intermediate one of the in- ferior series obtuse, sometimes obsolete ; tibia, anterior pairs white before ; anterior tarsi with elongated seta before, (as in many spe- cies of Gorytes ;) abdomen with the posterior margins of the seg- ments glaucous, above somewhat iridescent.
Length less than two-fifths of an inch.
CRABRO Fabricius, Latreille.
C. 10-mMacuLatus.—Black ; tergum with five yellow spots each side.
Inhabits Missouri.
Hypostoma and front with silvery hair ; antennz black ; scapus and first joint of the flagellum, yellow ; thorax punctured ; collar yellow, uninterrupted ; scutel and base of the metathorax [79] with each a transverse yellow line ; pectus with two yellow spots of which the posterior one is transverse ; wings brown ; feet yellow ; thighs rufous, blackish at base; spots of the tergum large and distinct, the posterior one approaching more closely on the back; beneath immaculate.
Length three-fifths of an inch.
Large and having one spot more on each side than C. macula-
tus Fab.
.PHILANTHUS Fabricius, Latreille. 1. P. canaticuLatus. [Ante, page 111.] [80]
2. P. zonatus. [Ante, page 111.]
Like many species of this genus, the Zonatus is subject to vary in its tints and proportions of coloring. I have a fragment of a specimen which has two yellow lines on the scutel, a yellow V, on each side of which is a large yellow spot. Sufliciently distinct from P. vertilabris L. by the form of the wing cells.
CERCERIS Latreille.
1. C. rronratra.—Nasus elevated ; body pale rufous ; tergum yellow with rufous incisures.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Body pale rufous ; antennz and mandibles black at tip; front pale yellow; nasus elevated at tip from the clypeus, widely emar-
168 WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER.
ginated and densely ciliated on the anterior edge, lobes acute ; cly- peus four-toothed at tip; wings dusky blackish on the posterior margin ; wing scale and double line on the scutel yellow ; tergum yellow ; incisures reddish brown.
Length of the body nine-tenths of an inch.
The specimen is a female, remarkable by the prominence of the nasal portion of the face,a character which was also pointed out by Latreille, ina species which he called Cerceris aurita, which insect he observed to nourish its young, with insects of the Linnean genus Curculio.
2. C. BrIpENTATA.—Lateral lobes of the clypeus each elevated into a prominent spine: anterior margin of the superior wings dusky.
TInhabits Arkansa.
Body pale yellowish; head behind the eyes and above, and base of the antenne, rufous; antennee black at tip; front concave lateral lobes of the clypeus each with a conic prominence per- pendicular to the surface ; mandibles black at tip; thorax rufous on the principal segment ; superior wings blackish on the anterior margin, the costal neryure tinged with yellowish in the middle: tergum incisures reddish brown ; segments each with a transverse groove on the middle.
Length less than three-fifths of an inch.
In general color, very much resembles the preceding species from which it may be distinguished by its much smaller size, [81] and by the two remarkable spines or tubercles situated on the lateral lobes of the clypeus. The specimen is also a female.
ODYNERUS Latreille.
O. crypticus.—Rufous; wings dusky ; tergum trifasciate with yellow.
TInhabits Arkansa.
Body rufous, much punctured; vertex and origin of the an- tenne, black ; antennze dusky at tip; thorax with a black spot before the middle ; scutel bilobate with a longitudinal deeply im- pressed line ; metathorax concave ; wings dusky, paler at tip; tergum with three yellow bands, the anterior one smallest and sub-concealed.
Length more than two-fifths of an inch.
WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER. 169
The third band of the back of the abdomen is sometimes so near the preceding band as to appear like a dilation of it.
EPEOLUS Latr., ‘Fabr., Jur.
KE. 4-rascratus.—Black; abdomen quadrifasciate, terminal segment tripunctured.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Body deep opaque black; three basal joints of the antenna, clypeus and labrum, rufous; front around the base of the antenne, yellow ; thorax with an anterior and posterior yellow line, the latter so arquated as nearly to attain the former ; a broader line beneath the wings ; beneath the scutel a whitish band and two oblique lanceolate spots; tergum, 4-banded with yellow, first band very broad, interrupted by a line which is very slightly dilated in the middle ; remaining bands narrower, submarginal, entire ; terminal segment with an oblique yellow lateral spot; feet rufous.
Length three-fifths of an inch.
On flowers near the Rocky mountains. It is much larger than E. mercatus F.
‘MEGACHILE Latreille.
M. LATIMANUS.—Anterior tarsi dilated and with incurved cilize on the inner side ; first joint of the intermediate tarsi one- toothed. (% )
Inhabits Arkansa.
Body black ; covered with greenish cinereous hair; hair of the front whitish ; antennee filiform, glabrous ; labrum near the [82] tip, concave, glabrous, polished, tip slightly ciliated ; mandibles tri- dentate on the oblique tip (in the male) and rufous near the tip, on the exterior side; anterior feet much dilated and with whitish hair, dull rufous ; knees black; the tarsi dilated and with dense, elongated, incurved ciliz : intermediate thighs ventricose beneath ; tibize arquated ; tarsi dilated, densely hairy on the inner face, less dilated than the intermediate ones ; abdomen, with the pos- terior edges of the segments densely ciliated ; anus with a deep sinus (in the male.)
Length nearly three-fifths of an inch.
In the much dilated appearance of the anterior tarsi, this species is allied to the Apis lagopoda of Linnzeus, and its prox- imate species.
L170 WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER.
[From the Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. ii. No. 11, for April, May, and June, 1823, p. 160—165.
Description of Insects belonging to the order NEUROPTERA Lin., Latr, Collected by the Expedition authorized by J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under the command of Major S. H. Long.
BY THOMAS SAY,
Professor of Natural History in the University of Pennsylvania, and of Zoology to the Philadelphia Museum.
ARTICLE IV. NATURAL History.
Genus PHRYGANEA UL. Latr.
i. P. vrrrpIVENTRIS.—Body pale brownish ; abdomen bright green ; feet whitish.
Inhabits the Ohio river.
Body pale brownish, somewhat hairy, hairs cinereous; head white beneath ; eyes prominent, chestnut-brown ; antennze rather longer than the body, light brown, whitish at base ; pectus white ; feet white ; tarsi of the intermediate pair of feet, dilated; supe- rior wings ciliated, dusky or blackish, beyond the middle a few whitish spots somewhat arranged in two bands; inferior wings dusky, immaculate ; abdomen bright green.
Length to the tips of the wings three-twentieths of an inch. Length of the antennze one-fifth of an inch.
Observed at Cincinnati about the middle of May; is common but not very numerous.
2. P. NUMEROSA.—Body black ; antennze and feet pale brown- ish ; abdomen with a rufous raised lateral line.
Inhabits the Ohio river.
Head transverse, narrow, black, with numerous cinereous hairs ; eyes remote, prominent, hemispherical, black-brown ; antenne as long as the body, brown ; basal joints hairy, black ; palpi pale ; thorax black with cinereous hairs; feet pale brownish; wings whitish brown, immaculate, nervures brown; abdomen black, posterior margin of the segments pale rufous, lateral lines of the incisures raised, rufous; tail pale rufous.
WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER. 17]
Length to the tip of the wings one-half inch; of the body three-tenths of an inch; of the superior wings nine-twentieths ofan inch; of the antenneze three-tenths of an inch.
This species appears in vast numbers early in May on the river Ohio. From the 7th to the 9th of that month, when descending the river, I observed them near each shore, flying [161 ] in opposition to the direction of the wind, and so extremely numerous that, hav- ing a white appearance when flying, they might be compared to flakes of snow, in a moderate fall of that meteor. They were most numerous on the 7th, and appeared to decrease in number daily.
3. P. LATERALIS.—Body blackish; wings white; superior wings spotted with brown; eyes dark reddish-brown; feet white.
Inhabits Shippingport.
Body blackish with cinereous hairs above, and shaded with plumbeous beneath ; eyes prominent, dark reddish-brown ; antennx and mouth pale; thorax black, with cinereous hairs; pectus black, slightly cinereous or plumbeous; feet whitish; wings white ; superiores slightly spotted with brown, a common spot on the middle of the inner margin, and several nearer the tip, somewhat arranged into a band, the costal one of which is larger; inferiores white immaculate ; abdomen blackish, pale vitta each side, and a pale posterior margin to the segments ; caudal appen- dages white.
Length to the tip of the wings two-tenths of an inch; of the body two-tenths of an inch; of the antenne three-tenths of an inch.
This species appears in very great numbers on the banks of the Ohio, near Shippingport, on the 21st of May. Judging from the small space of about half a mile on the Indiana side of the river, where I had an opportunity to see them, their numbers could be little inferior to that of P. nwmerosa, which occurred a few days before, but of which a specimen was now rarely seen.
4. P. semirascraTa. [Ante, p. 97.]
Genus BAETIS Leach. [162]
1. B. remorata.—Wings whitish; nervures deep brown, and marginated with brown; inferior wings subovate, hardly half as long as the superior ones.
172 WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER.
Length of body half an inch nearly.
Male. Body brown; abdomen beneath whitish; eyes large, prominent, approximate, separated above only by a fissure ; thighs banded with reddish-brown near the middle, and at tip; wings snowy white: nervures brown, and margined with brown, more particularly so at the base, middle and tip of their costal mar- gins; caudal setae hardly twice the length of the body.
Female. Body brown; scutel yellowish, distinct; venter whitish; eyes distant; front prominently carinated: wings whitish ; nervures brown, equally margined with brown ; inferior wings less than half as long as the superior; feet pale brown, a reddish-brown band and tip to the thighs ; caudal sete hardly as long as those of the male.
Caught at Cincinnati, Ohio, and did not appear in any con- siderable numbers.
Genus CLOEON Leach.
C. posrrcATA.—Abdomen pale green, behind brown; thorax black opake ; wings white.
Inhabits Shippingport.
Eyes apparently four, approximate; superior ones Arseiail subpedunculated; cornea subdiscoidal, slightly convex, edge tinged with yellow ; inferior ones smaller, not elevated, longitudi- nally oval, dark reddish-brown ; thorax deep black opake : wings pure white, immaculate, inferior ones very small ; feet pure white, anterior pair slightly dusky at base; scutel elevated ; abdomen pale bluish-green, hyaline, three terminal joints deep brown opake above ; seta two, long, pure white.
Length of the body three-tenths of an inch; of the sete seven-tenths of an inch. [163 |
A small and delicate species. Considerable numbers of them appeared on our boat, May 21st, while at Shippingport. The contrast between the black and greenish colors of this insect is very striking; and the greenish portion of the abdomen is so diaphanous as to exhibit the movements of the interior of the body.
Genus EPHEMERA Latr., Leach.
K. cuptpa.—Body black ; wings dusky, inferiores pale, dusky at tip; thorax with three distinct longitudinal lines. Inhabits Ohio river.
WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER. ilo
Male. Body black; front carinated; eyes small, remote ; thorax black, with a cinereous tinge, a longitudinal dorsal broad black vitta, and a lateral impressed line ; wings dusky, inferiores pale, with a dusky tip; feet pale brownish ; tarsi black ; anterior feet blackish ; abdomen black, incisure beneath pale ; sete rather longer than the body.
Female resembles the male, but the eyes are larger, contiguous, and brown, with each a smaller, longitudinal, black one on the inferior orbit ; abdomen black ; segments above and beneath pale at the posterior edge, a dorsal obsolete white line, and on each two divergent, abbreviated, obsolete, whitish lines, originating at the base of the segment and terminating near the middle of its length ; setae longer than the body.
Length of the body of male seven-twentieths, female nine- twentieths of an inch; of the sete of male two-fifths, female four-twentieths of an inch.
This species is rather numerous on the Ohio, in the neighbor- hood of Cincinnati, the 15th of May.
Genus MYRMELEON Linn., Latr.
M. ABDOMINALIS.—Pale testaceous, varied with black; abdo- men very long.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Head and thorax pale testaceous, densely spotted and lineated with black ; antenne clavate, blackish, the segments tipped with testaceous ; nervures varied with black and white; feet whitish, spotted with black; abdomen hairy, very much elongated, pale testaceous, with longitudinal black lineations, posterior half blackish.
Length one and one-half inches; of the superior wings one inch.
This we obtained near the Rocky Mountains. The abdomen of the female is not longer than the wings, and the latter have a distinct white spot near the tip on the costal margin.
Genus BITTACUS Latr. [164]
B. sTIGMATERUS.—Body yellowish; abdomen falcate , wings with an opake carpal spot. Inhabits Missouri.
174 WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER.
Body pale yellowish ; stemmata large, frontal, placed triangularly, two superior ones dusky ; front with a blackish area between the stemmata ; maxillary palpi blackish ; eyes prominent oval ; thorax between the origin of the of the superior wings, with two con- vex, longitudinally oval elevations; wings nearly equal, pale yel- lowish, a subopake carpal spot near the tip of each ; abdomen falcate.
Length to tip of wings three-fourths of an inch.
Found near Fort Osage on the Missouri.
Genus SIALIS Latr. [PERLA Geoffr.—Say, MS. correction. ]
1. S. porsata.—Body black, varied with rufous ; labrum pale ; thorax with a dorsal rufous vitta and anterior and posterior rufous incisures.
Inhabits the Ohio river.
Head blackish, with about six blacker spots; labrum pale, be- neath pale yellowish; palpi black; thorax blackish, with im- pressed blacker lines, anterior and posterior incisures and dorsal vitta rufous, angles rather prominent ; a pale obsolete line from the base of the thorax to the abdomen ; beneath yellowish, disk of the segments black; trochanters yellowish; wing nerves deep black ; abdomen black, segments above with yellow posterior margins; venter pale yellow.
Length to the tip of the wings one and three-fourths of an inch.
Numerous in May near Pittsburgh.
2. 8. MMARGINATA.—Body black varied with yellow, or yel- low varied with black; wings dusky; nervures brown immar- ginate ; thorax transversely quadrate, posterior angles somewhat rounded, disk somewhat rugose with impressed irregular lines, an impressed dorsal line, on each side of which isa slightly arquated one; eyes deep black-brown ; all beneath yellow.
Inhabits the Ohio river.
Length to the tip of the wings more than an inch; male much smaller.
Pupa pale, varied with black; abdomen annulate with black at the base of the segments; all beneath immaculate; thighs [165] with a black obsolete spot on the exterior tip; antennz and sets pale
WESTERN QUARTERLY REPORTER. 1745
rufous ; head with a black band before the eyes which include an undulated white line.
This species differs much in the distribution of its colors; it is generally entirely yellowish beneath, and sometimes also on the tergum; the thorax also has sometimes a yellow dorsal line, and sometimes a black one. It appears in considerable numbers to- wards the end of May.
3. S. rmBecILLA. Body pale green; wings white.
Inhabits the Ohio river.
Body pale green, immaculate ; eyes prominent, chestnut-brown, stemmata chestnut-brown, placed triangular, equidistant ; antenne dusky, hairy; wing greenish white, immaculate; thorax trans- versely oval, sculptured.
Length to the tip of the wings seven-twentieths of an inch; of the body about one-fifth of an inch ; of the antennz three- twentieths of an inch.
Occurs in considerable numbers on the river Ohio, about the middle of May. I observed it at Cincinnati. ae
4. S. BILINEATA.—Body pale greenish yellow ; thorax bilineate ; head with a black double converging line ; eyes reddish-brown.
Inhabits the Ohio river.
Body pale greenish-yellow ; head a double black frontal line, including the stemmata behind, converging and confluent before, and truncate at the anterior stemmata; an obscure triangular spot on the clypeus; eyes deep chestnut-brown ; antennze dusky, pale at base; thorax with two equal, dilated, parallel, blackish vittee; scutel bimaculate, spots blackish, placed transversely ; wings white, nervures blackish ; tergum black.
Length of the body and wings, from two-fifths to one-half of an inch.
Found near Cincinnati, and occurs not unfrequently about the 15th of May. The obscure spot on the anterior portion of the head is sometimes wanting.
176 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
(From Narrative of an Expedition to the source of St. Peter’s river, &c., under the command of Stephen H. Long, Major U. 8. T. E., Vol. 2; Philadelphia, 1824, pp. 268—378.)
ORDER COLEOPTERA. CICINDELA Linn. Latr.
0. LONGILABRIS.—Blackish ; elytra spotted and banded with white ; labrum long.
inhabits North-west Territory.
Head and thorax slightly tinged with greenish ; antenna, [269] basal joints, blue-black ; labrum white, nearly as long as broad ,obtuse- ly longitudinally carinated, obscurely tridentate at tip, and a little dilated at the lateral base; mandibles white on the exterior edge near the base: palpi dark blue, or cupreous ; elytra with rather large, dense punctures ; a humeral spot, another before the mid- dle on the margin, a reclivate, nearly transverse band on the middle, and a spot at the posterior curve of the elytra, white ; venter black, with a purplish reflection.
Length less than three-fifths of an inch.
Var. a. The spots of the elytra obsolete.
This insect seems to approach nearest to C. vulgaris nob. (Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. 1. new series,) but it is sufficiently dis- tinct by the following characters. The labrum is twice as long, and the punctures of the elytra are more than double the size. The venter is sometimes dark green.
[Allied to the European C. sylvatica; and subsequently des- eribed by Kirby as C. albilabris (Fauna Bor. Am. 12: I have a green variety from Newfoundland.—LEc. ]
2. C. TERRICOLA.—Black; a white line at the tip of the elytra.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body destitute of metallic lustre ; labrum white ; breadth more than twice the length ; tip three-toothed, intermediate tooth conie acute, the lateral teeth angulated obtuse ; mandibles white on the exterior base; thorax a little hairy; elytra with scattered very
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. Llyig§
minute punctures, which are oblique, as if formed by a pointed instrument directed towards the anterior part of the insect, so that the surface before each puncture is a little elevated ; a white line margins the extremity ; venter blackish-testaceous ; tibia dull tes- taceous.
Length rather more than two-fifths of an inch.
This species is closely allied to C. pusi//anob. but the marking of the elytra differs, and the thorax is not so much [270] contracted at base and is more closely affixed to the abdomen.
POECILUS Bonelli.
P. FRATERNUS.—Dark green; elytra dark greenish-cupreous ; palpi and feet piceous-black.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antenne fuscous ; three basal joints yellowish, and carinated, earina dusky; thorax slightly margined; dorsal impressed line extending entirely to the basal edge; lateral edge regularly arcu- ated ; basal angles slightly more than right angles; elytra dark coppery, with a dark green exterior margin ; striz impunctured ; interstitial spaces a little rounded; beneath piceous-black.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
Although the thorax of this insect is not broadly margined, yet the margin is much wider than that of the chalcites Hellwig, (in Melsh. Catal.) and it may be distinguished from the /ucublandus Knoch, (in the same work,) by the color of the palpi, &c.
[I consider this as a variety of P. ducublandus.—LEc. ]
DYTISCUS Linn. Latr.
D. FASCIVENTRIS.—@ Dark olivaceous-brown ; thorax and ex- terior elytral margin margined with yellow.
Inhabits Lake Superior.
Head darker than the elytra, greenish-back, with a rufous trans- verse frontal spot; antenne rufous, joints dusky at their tips ; labrum and nasus yellowish ; palpi color of the antenne ; thorax color of the head, margined all around with yellowish; a longi- tudinal impressed line, and extremely minute scattered punctures ; scutel [271] yellowish; elytra each with ten grooves extending nearly two-thirds the whole length from near the base ; exterior margin yellowish, becoming obsolete at tip; an obsolete spot towards
12
178 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
the extremity resembling the commencement of a branch from the color of the margin; feet pale rufous; postpectus black, yellow- ish each side behind and at the anterior angles; venter black, with yellow bands, terminating each side in triangles of the same color.
Length one and one-tenth of an inch.
This species is most closely allied to D. marginalis of Europe ; the appearance of the superior surface of the body is altogether the same, even to the form and appearance of the frontal spot, nevertheless our insect is much smaller, and the arrangement of colors beneath, on the postpectus and venter, is altogether dit- ferent.
[Afterwards described as D. carolinus Aubé, Hydr. 108. —Lxc. |
LACCOPHILUS Leach.
L. punctatus.—Dusky testaceous; very regularly and pro- foundly punctured.
Tnhabits North-west Territory.
Body suboval, short, dull testaceous; head with two dilated slightly impressed spaces on the front ; clypeus obtusely rounded at tip; punctures numerous, rather sparse on the vertex ; thorax blackish on the anterior and posterior margins; punctures sub- equidistant ; elytra darker than the head and thorax, very regularly and beautifully punctured ; punctures rather larger than those ot the thorax, subequidistant ; beneath, excepting the feet, also pune- tured.
Length more than one-tenth of an inch.
This is a very pretty species, readily distinguished from others.
[ Belongs to Hydroporus Clairv.—Lxc.]
[272] BUPRESTIS Linn. Latr.
B. MACULATIVENTRIS.— V iolaceous with acupreous reflection ; anterior thoracic angles with a spot and a series on each side ot the venter, yellow.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head confluently punctured; a yellow spot before the eye, almost confluent with another beneath the eye; thorax with a very distinct margining spot at the anterior angles ; punc-
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 179
tured, but with a glabrous dorsal line and one or two lateral glabrous spots; elytra violaceous, with cupreous reflections ; base violaceous, punctured-striate ; tip with a small tooth at the sutu- ral angle, and about four very minute teeth ; beneath cupreous, polished ; venter with a series of three yellow quadrate spots on each side, and a large oblique oval one on the anal segment approaching at the middle of the segment and extending by a branch for a short distance on the edge.
Length thirteen-twentieths of an inch.
This is a very pretty insect, readily distinguished by the sub- ocular, thoracic, and ventral spots.
[A species of Ancylochira, afterwards described as B. sexrnotata Lap. and Gory, Mon. Buprest. 2, 129, tab. 32, fig. 178.—Lec.]
SCYDM ANUS LIatr.
S. cLAVIPES.—Blackish ; elytra bright rufous, blackish at tip ; antennee longer than the thorax.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body hairy ; head piceous ; antenne rather longer than the thorax and with the palpi, dull rufous; thorax blackish with an impres- sed transverse line at base and the appearance of a longitudinal] one before ; hairs numerous ; elytra smooth, polished, impunctured, and without striz; bright rufous; hairs long; humeral angles longitudinally elevated ; [273] a slight groove at the base of each elytrum, tip black; feet rufous; thighs clavate ; venter dull rufous.
Length more than one-twentieth of an inch.
S. BREVIcoRNIS.—Blackish ; elytra bright rufous, blackish at tip ; antenne shorter than the thorax.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body hairy; head black ; antenne rather shorter than the tho- rax, hairy, dull rufous; thorax polished, black; elytra smooth, polished, impunctured, and without strie, bright rufous; hairs long; humeral angles longitudinally elevated ; a slight groove at the base of each elytrum, tip black; feet rufous; thighs clavate, dusky at tip.
Length rather more than one-twentieth of an inch.
Strongly resembles the preceding, but the antenne are much
180 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
shorter and more robust, the thorax is destitute of real or appar- ent impressed lines, and the clave of the thighs are more di- lated.
DORCATOMA Herbst.
D. ocuLATA.—Rounded-oval, blackish-brown, a. little hairy ; antennz: yellowish-piceous.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Head very obscure piceous; a few short hairs; antennz yel- lowish-piceous, first joint large, arcuated; second joint much smaller, rounded ; third, fourth, fifth, still smaller and not very distinctly articulated ; sixth transverse, very short ; seventh much enlarged, on the inner side extending into a conic process, which is nearly as long as the preceding part of the antennz, and when at rest is applied closely to the inner side of the eighth joint and extends quite to its tip; eighth joint elongate-obtriangular ; ninth joint as long as the preceding joint, a little arcuated; eyes with an indented, [274] somewhat dilated line, extending from near the base of the antennze to the middle ; thorax punctured, with short hairs, and slightly tinged with piceous ; anterior angles very much decurved and acute ; posterior angles hardly acute ; posterior mar- gin lobed at the scutel; scutel small, rounded ; elytra punctured and with short hair; exterior submargin with three impressed striz ; beneath punctured, hairy ; feet dull piceous.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
The form of the penultimate joint of the antennz differs con- siderably from that of the dresdensis in being much less dilated on the inner side, the seventh joint has the inner process more slender and the terminal joint is a little arcuated.
NOSODENDRON [atr.
N. uNIcOLOR.—Black, immaculate, antennz piceous, clayum yellowish.
Inhabits Missouri.
Head with dense, dilated, shallow punctures; thorax short, length less than half the breadth ; punctures less dense than those of the head; posterior edge regularly arcuated ; lateral edge hard- ly arcuated, nearly rectilinear; angles acute; elytra irregularly punctured ; humerus a little elevated ; humeral angles subacute ;
LONG'S SECOND EXPEDITION. 181
beneath and feet punctured ; anterior tibia widely and deeply emarginated on the exterior edge near the tip andserrated ; inter- mediate tibia with four or five serratures on the outer edge, and a prominent tooth near the tip; posterior teeth with about five small subspinous teeth, and a robust tooth near the tip.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
[275 ] ELMIS Latr.
E. crENATUS.—Thorax with four elevated lines; each ely- trum with two dull rufous spots.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Parnus crenatus ? Knoch in Melsh. Catal.
Body blackish-brown; front with two dilated, cinereous, lon- gitudinal lines : antennze and mandibles rufous ; thorax with four obtuse, elevated, longitudinal lines ; two intermediate ones nearly confluent at each end; lateral ones more distant, slightly inter- rupted behind the middle; elytra with strize of dilated impressed punctures; an elevated line from the humerus terminates rather before the tip ; another elevated line nearer the margin also origin- ates at the humerus and becomes obsolete before the middle; a third elevated line originates at the middle of the base and also becomes obsolete before the middle of the elytrum; an oblong rufous spot on the humerus and another near the tip; tarsi dull rufous.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
[Belongs to Stenelmis Dufour.—Lec. |
PARNUS Fabr. Dryops Oliv. Latr.
P. Fasticiatus.— Blackish-brown, with very short dense hair; elytra with strie of rather large punctures.
Inhabits Pennsylvania. |
P. fastigiatus Knoch in Melsh. Catal.
Antenne fuscous, terminal joints yellow; palpi dull yellow- testaceous ; thorax highest rather behind the middle, and with an obsolete indentation each side behind ; anterior angles promin- ent, acute ; posterior angles obtuse: scutel quadrate, acute behind elytra with short hairs over [276] the whole surface, and three series of fasciculated, more ferruginous hairs on the sutural
182 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
half; on this half the punctures are larger and the strize more deeply impressed than on the exterior half where the surface has a minutely granulated appearance ; tip acute; feet blackish- piceous ; tarsi piceous ; anterior tibia with a line of dense yellow- ish hairs before.
Length one-fourth of an inch.
[Belongs to Helichus Kr.—Lec.]
HYDROPHILUS Fabr.
1. H. crncrus.—Black, surrounded with a yellowish margin.
Inhabits United States.
H. cinctus Knoch, in Melsh. Catal.
Body black, polished, with numerous, minute, regular punc- tures; head with a large, triangular, yellowish spot before the eye; palpi yellowish; antenne fuscous; thorax margined with yellowish ; this color is sometimes obsolete on the anterior mar- gin, and generally obsolete on the posterior margin; elytra with- out any appearance of strive; the exterior margin, from the hu- merus to the suture, yellowish; beneath blackish-piceous ; tarsi dull yellowish.
Length more than one-fifth of an inch.
We obtained specimens on Red River of Lake Winnepeek ; it is also found in Pennsylvania.
[Belongs to Philhydrus Sol—L«xc. ]
2. H. GLoposus.—Very convex, oval; elytra with striew of punctures.
Inhabits United States.
H. globosus Knoch in Melsh. Catal.
Body very convex, black, immaculate, punctured; head with very regular minute punctures, and three or four somewhat larger ones before the eye; palpi yellowish ; [277] antennz yellow- ish, clava fuscous ; thorax with minute punctures but slightly im- pressed ; angles rounded; scutel with obsolete punctures ; elytra with minute, numerous punctures, which are very slightly im- pressed, obsolete; with nine regular striz of distinct larger punctures, and an irregular series on each interstitial space; be- neath piceous-black ; tarsi color of the palpi.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 188
lors)
This species is oval, not elongated, and is more convex than any other species of this country yet discovered.
[This is a species of Hydrobius Leach.—Lxc. ]
3. H. NEBULOSUS.—Pale whitish-testaceous ; a subsutural line on the elytra obsolete before the middle.
Inhabits United States.
Ef, nebulosus Melsh. t Mialeh.. Catal,
H. labiatus Knoch.
Body very finely but irregularly punctured ; punctures some- times obsolete ; head black or varied with black ; thorax, angles rounded; elytra with a subsutural impressed line which disap- pears before the middle, and is more deeply impressed behind ; beneath, excepting the feet, blackish.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
I obtained a specimen in the Lake of the Woods.
[Belongs to Philhydrus.— Lx. |
APHODIUS Illig. Fabr.
1. A. HAMATUS.—Thorax impunctured on the disk; claw of the anterior tibia dilated, incurved.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body dark piceous; clypeus minutely punctured; margin re- flected, particularly at tip; tip truncated, subemarginate ; thorax punctured each side and at base; large, equalling at least two- thirds the length of the elytra; elytra [278] paler than the head and thorax ; striate ; striae punctured ; feet rufous; the claw at the tip of the anterior tibia is dilated and curved inwards like a hook.
Length less than one-fourth of an inch.
An insect remarkable for its short robust stature and the pro- portional length of its thorax, as well as for the dilatation and and crooked form of the appendages at the extremity of the tibia.
2. A. CLYPEATUS. Black ; elytra testaceous ; clypeus, covered with small tubercles.
Inhabits North-West Territory.
Head black, convex, covered with very small obtuse tuber- cles; edge a little elevated, piceous; tip hardly truncated ; tho- rax with irregular small obtuse rugze ; anterior an eles rectangular ; posterior edge regularly arcuated, not dilated in the middle; elytra rufo-testaceous, dusky at base ; with deep, punctured striz :
184 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
interstitial lines convex; thighs dull-yellowish; posterior ones much dilated. Length more than three-twentieths of an inch. Readily distinguished by the rough appearance of the clypeus. [Probably an Aegialia.—LEc. |
TROX Fabr.
T. CANALICULATUS.—Thorax with entire groove; clypeal edge not reflected ; elytra with alternate series of large and small ele- vated bristly dots.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body blackish-brown ; head with numerous irregular discoidal punctures ; clypeus obtusely rounded at tip; the edge not re- flected; surface flat, excepting two little elevated protuberances on the upper part of the front ; antennae yellow; thorax with a strongly impressed obvious [279] definite groove, the bounding lines of which are uninterrupted, and are equally elevated in every part; an obtuse slightly elevated line passes across the groove near its middle ; between the elevated line of the groove and the lateral edge is a slightly elevated very obtuse space; basal edge sinuated, over the scutel obtusely rounded; basal angles extended a little backwards and rounded at tip; elytra with four elevated lines on which are oval fascicles of yellowish short bristles ; interstitial spaces each with a series of small rounded points, also furnished with bristles.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
It is about equal in size to the 7’. capillaris nobis, but is alto- gether destitute of the fine capillary lines which ornament the elytra of that insect.
TENEBRIO Linn. Latr.
T. RETICULATUS.—Black ; elytra rugose with impressed spots which have elevated centres.
Inhabits St. Peter’s river.
Body deep black; head with numerous small and regular punctures, more dense before and on the labrum; antenne, third joint but little longer than the fourth; thorax with numerous regular punctures ; narrow, a little contracted before and very slightly contracted behind; lateral edge longitudinally a little ar-
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 185
cuated, and vertically rounded, with a slightly impressed line bordered by a slightly elevated one, both so small as not to be visible to the eye: elytra irregularly reticulated with elevated lines; the intervening spaces with slightly elevated centres ; thighs clavate ; anterior and intermediate tibie a little curved ; tarsi beneath, and inferior portion of the tip of the tibia with yel- lowish hair. [280]
Length nearly seven-tenths of an inch.
This species is very distinct from any other that I have seen and very readily recognized.
[Identical with the Huropean Upis reticulata ; and very abun- dant throughout Canada, in Maine and at Lake Superior.—Lec.]
PHALERIA Latr.
1. P. restacea.—Pale testaceous, beneath black ; thorax im- punctured ; elytra striate, and with a blackish spot on each near the tip.
Inhabits United States.
Body oblong-oval, polished; head hardly perceptibly punc- tered ; a transverse indented line before the eyes; antennz sen- sibly dilated towards the tip; joints, from the sixth to the tenth inclusive, transverse, hemispheric-compressed, perfoliate ; eleventh nearly globose; thorax transverse-quadrate, impunctured, rather wider behind; an impressed puncture each side on the basal margin, anterior angles rounded ; scutel blackish ; elytra striated, striz slightly punctured, more deeply impressed behind, abbre- viated at the humeral angle; a blackish-brown spot on each near the tip; tergum blackish; beneath black ; feet pale testaceous ; anterior tibia serrate with short spines, tip rather abruptly di- lated, forming almost a lobe on the exterior side; intermediate and posterior pairs spinulose-serrated, gradually dilating towards the tip.
Length more than one-fourth of an inch.
This insect is not uncommon. It occurs in Pennsylvania, and under dead marine animals on the sea-beach, from New Jersey to
Florida.
2. P. prcrpEs.—Black ; antenna, mouth and feet piceous. Inhabits the Southern States. Head destitute of an impressed line before the eyes ; antennx
185 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
and thorax formed as in the preceding species [281] excepting that the anterior angles of the thorax are subacute; strize of the elytra as in the preceding; feet as in the preceding, excepting that the anterior tibie are gradually very much dilated at tip, and not somewhat abruptly dilated near the tip, the line of the exterior edge is therefore nearly rectilinear.
Length from one-fifth to less than one-fourth of an inch.
Var. a. thorax dull piceous.
Var. 8. entirely piceous.
EPITRAGUS Latr.
K. CANALICULATUS.—Thorax with two lines and lateral edge elevated.
Inhabits United States.
$- Body blackish-brown, more or less bronzed, with very numerous short cinereous hairs; thorax broader behind, some- what lobed at the scutel; angles produced, very acute; lateral edge rectilinear, elevated; anterior edge abruptly undulated ; disk with two elevated lines which become obsolete behind and originate each in a flattened and porrect tubercle on the anterior edge ; elytra with dilated, slightly impressed grooves.
Length nine-twentieths of an inch.
Var.a. grooves of the elytra obsolete.
The female is very different in appearance from the male, by being entirely destitute of the elevated lines and edges of the thorax, and of the undulated form of the anterior edge of the thorax. The elevated lines and lateral edge give the thorax the appearance of having three dilated grooves. This insect is found in Pennsylvania, but is more frequent in the Southern States; I also obtained specimens in Missouri.
[282] EUSTROPHUS Latr.
i. BirAscraTus.—Dark reddish-brown, sericeous ; elytra black bifasciate with rufous.
Inhabits United States.
Palpi terminating with a large obconie joint, truncated ; tho- rax sometimes blackish, nearly semicircular, somewhat truncated before ; posterior angles rather less than a right angle; scutel transverse, very obtusely rounded behind; elytra with a rufous
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. _ 187
waved band near the base, extending to the base at the outer margin, and widely interrupted at the suture; another rufous band behind the middle, slightly undulated, and hardly inter- rupted by the suture; sutural edge a little elevated behind; venter very distinctly sericeous with yellowish hair.
Length more than one-fifth of an inch.
I obtained a specimen many years ago near Philadelphia, and we lately captured another in the North-Western Territory.
DIRCEA Fabr.
D. TrpraLis.—Black, with short hair; base of the antenne and tibia yellowish.
Inhabits North-West Territory.
Body oval-orbicular, with very short hair, and irregularly and very minutely punctured ; antenne, three basal joints obscurely pale rufous ; clypeus a little dilated before the antenne and trun- cated ; palpi dusky rufous; terminal joint rather abruptly conic- acute ; thorax convex, short, wide ; lateral edge arcuated ; angles rounded ; scutel rather large, triangular ; elytra destitute of strize ; tip narrowed [283] and rounded; tibia pale rufous; posterior thighs much dilated, formed for leaping.
Length three-twentieths of an inch.
[This appears to be Scirtes tibialis Guerin, Spec. Icon. An. Art. 3.—Lxc.]
SERROPALPUS Oliv.
S. 4-macuLatus.—Blackish-brown, sericeous ; elytra with two yellow spots.
Inhabits Arkansa and Missouri.
Antenne and labrum dull testaceous; thorax, anterior margin obsoletely dull testaceous ; scutel minute ; elytra narrower behind ; a large, very irregular yellow spot before the middle and another behind the middle of each; pectus and postpectus distinctly punctured ; anterior tarsi dilated and covered beneath by very dense, short, yellow hair; remaining tarsi slender; venter dark red-brown, paler at tip.
Length nearly seven-twentieths of an inch.
This species appears to be of rare occurrence.
[Belongs to Dircazea—Lec. ]
188 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
HELOPS Fabr. Latr.
1. H. arcrarus.—Dark brassy, irregularly punctured ; elytra with dilated indentations.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body long, cylindrical, a little depressed; punctures dilated, rather large, profound, approximate, irregularly disposed ; antennze piceous, less than half the length of the body, terminal joint ob- long-oval; palpi dark piceous, long labrum, breadth equal to twice the length; a small impressed spot between the eyes; thorax depressed ; widest hardly before the middle, from which part the edge is rectilinear to the posterior angles, and very nearly rectilinear to the [284] anterior angles, which are obtusely rounded ; posterior angles a little angulated ; scutel rounded be- hind, with short, cinereous, prostrate hairs; elytra not dilated behind; punctures larger than those of the thorax, often con- fluent ; a slightly prominent line between the middle and su- ture, a depressed one between the middle and lateral margin; several slightly elevated lines near the tip; disk with two series of two or three much dilated alternate indented spaces ; tip rounded ; beneath blackish with small punctures ; feet blackish- piceous.
Length half an inch.
This insect occurred on the shore of St. Peter’s river, and on that of Red river of Lake Winnepeek. The larger indentations of the elytra have a fortuitous appearance.
[A Stenotrachelus identical with the Russian American S. 06- scurus Mann. Bull. Mose. 1852, 347.—Lxc.]
2. H. venusrus.—Dark brassy, punctured; posterior angles of the thorax slightly excurved ; elytra iridescent.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body densely punctured ; antennz and palpi blackish-piceous ; thorax, posterior angles acute, the lateral edge near them being a little curved outwards; elytra with brilliant coppery and green vittee changing place with the direction of light; striae profound, and with the convex interstitial spaces impunctured ; beneath cupreous, brilliant.
Length more than three-tenths of an inch.
This species closely resembles the micans, Fabr. which has
LONG’s SECOND EXPEDITION. 189
been described under different names by several authors; it has the same beautiful variable color upon the elytra, which induced Olivier to call that insect vittatus, and Beauvois to give the name of teeniatus, but it is a small species, the lateral edge of the thorax is a little curved outwards near the posterior angles, whilst that of micans is rectilinear in the same part, and the interstitial [285] lines of the elytra are convex, whilst those of micans are nearly flat.
CISTELA Fabr. Latr.
1. C. Bryorata.—Blackish, sericeous ; elytra with a humeral rufous spot.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body black, polished; in a particular light sericeous both above and beneath with small hairs, which do not, however, at all conceal the punctures ; head punctured ; palpi and three basal joints of the antennz rufous-yellow; thorax with equal large dense punctures; very slightly contracted behind, rounded be- fore ; posterior angles not prominent ; an abbreviated longitudinal impressed line at base, on each side of which is an obsolete dilated impressed lunate space; elytra densely punctured, and with punctured strie ; humeral gibbosity rufous ; feet dull rufous, sericeous.
Length nearly three-tenths of an inch.
[Belongs to Mycetochares Latr.—Lxc.]
2. C. SERICEA.—Pale testaceous, sericeous ; strize of the elytra obsolete.
Inhabits United States.
C. sericea Knoch in Melsh. Catal.
Head minutely punctured, transverse impressed line before the antennee very obvious; thorax semioval, a little truncate before and not undulated behind ; posterior angles rectangular; elytra hardly perceptibly darker towards the tip, rather lighter at base ; striae obsolete, excepting two next the suture which are distinct ; wings a little dusky, particularly towards the tip ; feet somewhat paler than the body.
Length one-fourth of an inch.
[286] A very common species, particularly in July on the Ceano- thus Americanus and other flowers.
190 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
MELANDRYA Fabr. Latr.
1. M. sprtata.—Black; thorax with three grooves ; front with an impressed dot; elytra striate and punctured.
Inhabits the middle and northern States.
Serropalpus canaliculatus Melsh. Catal.
Head with numerous minute punctures; a distinct rather longitudinally oval impressed spot between the superior part of the eyes; palpi at tip of the terminal joint, and one or two ter- minal joints of the antenne dull rufous ; thorax gradually dilating to the base, from the width of the head to that of the elytra; surface minutely punctured with small sparse hairs ; three dilated longitudinal grooves, or undulations, obsolete before ; lateral edge almost rectilinear to near the posterior angles, where it is a little incurved, it is vertically rounded before the middle, and acute behind the middle ; posterior angles nearly right angled ; scutel suborbicular, convex, punctured; elytra, striz dilated, with numerous punctures, those of the base being more distinct as the striz are not so profound in that part.
Length three-fifths of an inch.
A specimen of this interesting insect occurred in the North- west Territory. My friend, the Rev. John F. Melsheimer, with whom I corresponded on the subject of this species, agrees with me perfectly in the propriety of placing it in this genus, and in its being altogether different from the S. canaliculatus Mig. Melandrya canaliculaia Fabr. This conclusion indeed is irre- sistible, when we compare our insect with the description of that of Europe, and [287] with the figures given by Olivier, Panzer, Latreille and others.
2. M. paBraTA.—Black ; labrum rufous; elytra destitute of strive.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Head with minute punctures ; no impressed frontal spot, la- brum distinctly rufous; antenne, terminal joint at tip, tip of the palpi and of the tarsi, rufous ; thorax with the lateral edge regu- larly arquated; a deep slightly arquated groove on each side almost divided transversely into two impressed dots by an obtuse elevated line ; a central nearly obsolete impressed line ; scutel
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 191
rounded, convex, punctured ; elytra densely punctured ; punc- tures small; striz: none; three or four obsolete raised lines.
Length rather more than two-fifths of an inch.
A smaller species than the preceding and more rare; it differs also in the color of the labrum, the more rounded form of the thorax, and in the elytra being destitute of stria. It may he sometimes found on plants in June.
LAGRIA Fabr. Lam.
L. AENEA.—Green ; thorax oblong ; elytra punctured ; antenn and palpi yellowish.
Inhabits United States.
LL. aenea Melsh. Catal.
Body green, sometimes tinged with brassy; head irregularly punctured ; with a few scattered hairs, which are more numerous on the labrum ; a transverse groove between the antennae, formed by the incisure of the nasus ; antennze yellowish rufous, terminal joint longer than‘the three preceding ones together; palpi yel- lowish ; thorax cylindrical, rather larger than broad, punctured. sometimes with transverse abbreviated wrinkles ; posterior angles [288] slightly excurved ; elytra nearly rectilinear, not dilated at the posterior curvature ; punctures dense, profound, rather large: beneath blackish-green ; tarsi dark testaceous.
Length from two-fifths to nine-twentieths of an inch.
This is not the Lagria aenea Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. as the late Mr. F. V. Melsheimer supposed it to be, for independently of the different specific characters in the description of that in- sect, it has since been referred by that author to the genus Dasytes, and must therefore be a Pentamerous insect. The cir- cumstance of that species being removed from the genus Lagria enables me to retain the specific name given by Mr. Melsheimer. We obtained a specimen on Red river.
[Belongs to Statyra Latr., subsequently described as Arthro- macra donactoides Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am. 239.—Lxc.]
LYTTA Fabr.
L. AENEA nob. varies in being green, with black tarsi. The antenne of this species resemble very much those of the genus
Mylabris.
192 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
COCCINELLA.
C. LABICULATA nob.—This species varies considerably in color, but not, as I believe, in the number or arrangement of its spots.
Var. 2. Spots of the elytra ocellate, being surrounded by a yellowish areola.
Var. 6. Elytra yellowish-white, with the black spots as in the species.
[This is the same as the Huropean Myzia 15-punctata ; it is also described by Say, as C. mali, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 4, 93. —Lec. ]
RHYNCHITES Herbst. Latr.
R. RUBRICOLLIS.—Blued-black; thorax and feet rufous ; elytra striate hairy.
Inhabits United States. [289]
R. rubricollis Melsh. Catal.
Body slender; head hairy, black, with irregular punctures larger on the rostrums antennze and labrum dark piceous ; thorax rufous, hairy, with dilated irregular punctures, and a longitudi- nal impressed dilated line, which neither reaches the anterior nor posterior margins; scutel black, rounded; elytra with regular strie of punctures furnishing upright hairs; interstitial lines with each a series of upright hairs; pectus rufous; postpectus and venter blackish; feet rufous, pale.
Length more than three-twentieths of an inch.
This insect occurs occasionally in Pennsylvania ; we also found a specimen on Red river of Lake Winnepeek.
[This is Eugnamptus angustatus Schonh. (Herbst,)—Lec. ]
CERAMBYX.
C. SCUTELLATUS.—Brassy-black, punctured ; scutel pure white.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body brassy-black ; punctures numerous, confluent, impressed) with minute hairs; head with a deeply impressed line between the antennee, extending to the origin of the thorax; front with minute punctures; labrum piceous; mandibles dark piceous at base ; antennz longer than the body, dark reddish-piceous, paler at base ; thorax with a very robust short spine on each side; pos-
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 193
terior margin with an impressed transverse line; anterior mar- gin with the punctures so transversely elongated and confluent as to appear wrinkled; feet blackish-piceous, paler at base ; scutel covered with dense prostrate pure white hair; elytra with the impressed punctures larger at base, transversely confluent ; hu- merus rather prominent, obtuse; on different parts of the elytra is dense, dirty brown, very [290] short, prostrate hair, tip wn- armed; beneath blackish with a purplish or slight cupreous tinge ; a little hairy, particularly on the postpectus.
Length nine-tenths of an inch.
[Is a species of Monohammus.—LEc. |
SAPERDA Fabr.
S. vestita. Body entirely covered with very short greenish- yellow hair; elytra with three small dots.
Inhabits near the southern extremity of Lake Michigan.
Antenne about the length of the body; eyes dark chestnut; thorax with an obsolete dorsal line; elytra unarmed at tip; dots black, small, three on each elytrum, placed one before and near the middle, largest one a little nearer the base and more distant from the suture than the other, and one behind the middle, dis- tant from the preceding in a line with the anterior one.
Length three-fourths of an inch.
A very fine insect. It is also sometimes found in Pennsyl- vania.
CLYTUS Fabr. [ 292] 1. C. speciosus. [Ante, p. 118.] 2. C. uNpuLATUS. [Ante, p. 119.]
MOLORCHUS Fab.
M. mararnatis. Yellowish; elytra dusky on the disk; an-
ennze shorter than the elytra.
Inhabits United States.
Body with numerous minute hairs ; head yellow ; vertex, palpi, blackish ; antennze short, hardly denchine the tip of the elytra’ and excepting the three basal joints, blackish ; eyes prominent, plack-brown ; thorax short, transversely oval, yellow with a dusky disk; elytra much abbreviated, rounded at tip, yellow; disk
15
194 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
dusky, reaching to the base; the margin at tip is broad so as to resemble a yellow spot on each elytrum; edge, like that of the thorax, a little elevated, particularly at tip; abdomen long, yel- low; segments more or less tinged with rufous at base; tail dusky or black; feet more or less dusky, with yellow incisures, sometimes nearly all yellow ; venter somewhat sericeous.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
This species is not uncommon in Pennsylvania, and it is also an inhabitant of the North-west Territory.
[Not a Cerambycide, but a Telephoride, allied to Malthinus, and forming the genus 7rypherus Lec.,=Lygerus Kiesenwetter.— LEC. ]
HISPA Linn.
H. virrata Fabr. This species varies much in color, so much so indeed, that more than one species might be formed of it by a naturalist who relied implicitly on the [293] description which Fabricius gives of the insect. He describes the thorax to be “ obscure aeneus, nitens lateribus rufescentibus,” and the elytra ‘obscure aenea, nitidula: vitta lata, fusca.” Now, I have a specimen, taken near Philadelphia, which agrees very well with these characters, although the thorax exhibits a tinge of rufous, and has the additional character of an obscure yellowish-brown exterior margin of the elytra, which might however, on a super- ficial examination, be very readily overlooked. But several specimens which we obtained in the North-west Territory, though evidently the vittata, differ so widely from the quoted description, that they would probably be considered as altogether new by an entomologist who had not a specimen which could serve as a link to the Fabrician specimen. These individuals all correspond perfectly in having a bright rufous thorax, dark steel-blue elytra with a narrow rufous fillet and lateral margin; the venter also is very dark steel-blue. |
H. MARGINATA.—Fulvyo-sanguineous ; elytra with sanguine- ous lines; feet yellowish.
Inhabits United States.
H. marginata Melsh. Catal.
Head with an acute impressed line; antenne dark rufous, not surpassing the thorax; thorax with dilated irregular punc-
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 195
tures ; anterior and lateral edge dull sanguineous; elytra serrate on all the outer edge; sutural edge, external edge, and four lines elevated, and with abbreviated sanguineous lines; first line bi- furcate at base; third line widely interrupted in the middle and confluent with the fourth line near the tip and on the humeral tubercle ; fourth line serrated; humeral tubercle prominent; in- terstitial spaces with a double series of profound, dilated pune- tures, separated by elevated lines ; tip of the elytra so [294] ob- tuse as to appear truncated ; beneath sanguineous ; feet pale yel- lowish.
Length more than one-fifth of an inch.
Var. a. Disk of the pectus and postpectus, black.
This is our most common species, and we found a specimen in the North-west Territory.
[This is Hispa quadrata Fabr.—Lrc.]
GALLERUCA Geoff. Latr.
G. DEcoRA.—Dusky ; elytra dull testaceous, sericeous with golden-brassy hair.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body dusky ; head with a transverse impressed line between the eyes and another descending between the antenne; antenne two basal incisures, whitish; face between the antenne and a little above them pale yellowish ; labrumand palpi blackish ; tho- rax tinged with golden-brassy hair ; a longitudinal impressed line, and a lateral sublunate impressed space ; anterior margin, par- ticularly on each side, dull whitish; anterior angles with a slightly elevated tubercle surmounted by a single hair, and separated by an impressed line ; elytra dull testaceous, sericeous with brilliant, dense, prostrate, golden-brassy hair; punctures rather large, pro- ‘found, scattered irregularly; beneath blackish, with very short prostrate hair; punctures small; feet whitish.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
ALTICA Geoff. Latr. A. THNIATA.—Black ; antenna, feet, and vitta on the elytra, white. Inhabits North-west Territory. [295 |} Body deep black, polished; head with rather distant, pro- found punctures; region of the antenne a little elevated and
196 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
dull rufous; antenne pale, dusky at base and tip; thorax punc- tured ; punctures rather large and profound, but not very dense ; no impressed line; posterior angles with a minute abrupt excurva- ture, acute ; elytra punctured like the thorax, with a longitudinal white vitta on the middle of each, commencing at the middle of the base and extending rectilinearly, with a slight degree of at- tenuation to near the tip, and occupying about the sixth part of the surface ; feet pale, posterior thighs dusky towards the tip.
Length three-twentieths of an inch.
This species resembles A. striolata Schodenh., (which seems to be the Crioceris vittata and Cralleruca elongata of Fabr., and Mr. J. F. Melsheimer quotes also as synonymous, the A. /lexuosa Panzer,) but it is larger, of a more elongated form, and the vitta of the elytra is not flexuous as in that common and profusely named insect. I have not met with it in the Atlantic States.
EUMOLPUS Kugell. Latr.
1. E. rLavipus.—Pale yellowish ; elytra striate with double series of punctures.
Inhabits United States.
Body densely punctured ; punctures rather large and profound ; head with two slightly elevated tubercles between the antenne ; thorax tinged with rufous; elytra with elevated lines, of which the inner one curves round at base and descends a short distance to unite with the sutural line; interstitial spaces, excepting the subsutural one and the two exterior ones, with double series of rather [296] large profound punctures; exterior edge blackish- brown; venter dusky.
Length nearly one-fifth of an inch.
Var. a. interstitial spaces of the elytra black ; beneath except- ing the feet, black. :
This insect is common in Pennsylvania; the variety was ob- tained on St. Peter’s river, and might readily be mistaken for a distinct species.
[Belongs to Colaspis—Lxc.]
2. E. cocHLEARTUS.—Body black; base of the antenne, tibia and elytra testaceous.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body short, robust ; head punctured, hairy ; an impressed line
|
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 197 from the vertex bifurcates near the antenne; antenne, five basal joints testaceous, more slender than the remaining ones, and hardly equalling their collective length ; palpi testaceous, termi- nal joint black; thorax with short, prostrate, cinereous hairs like those of the head; punctured, punctures rather large, giving origin to the hairs; transversely oval; sides without edges; ely- tra testaceous ; punctures numerous, rather large, subequidistant, giving origin to prostrate hairs; beneath deeper black, with smaller punctures and shorter hairs; feet also with fine hairs, more numerous on the tibie which are testaceous.
Length ¢ more than three-twentieths, ¥ one-fifth of an inch. [Considered by Kirby as the same with the Huropeau Adoxus or Bromius vitis.—LEc. ]
COCCINELLA Linn.
C. BITRIANGULARIS.—White; thorax with six, elytra each with nine black spots.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body above white; vertex black, the color extending down- wards in a point near each eye; thorax with six large [297] black subquadrate spots, placed by threes in two triangles, one on each side of the middle, the two inner spots of each triangle sometimes confluent; scutel black; elytra, each with nine spots, placed as follows: one, large subquadrate ; two small; one large oblong ; two small; two, the exterior one elongated; one small, transverse ; beneath black ; feet yellowish-white.
Length more than one-tenth of an inch.
[Apparently the same as C. multiguttata Randall. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 2, 51, which belongs to Hippodamia.—Lxc. ]
ORDER ORTHOPTERA.
SPECTRUM Stoll. Lam.
S. FEMORATUM.—Apterous; intermediate thighs dilated, an- gulated, and with the posterior thighs armed with a spine near the tip.
Inhabits United States.
Body greenish-brown, without any rudiments of hemelytra ; head yellowish with three dilated fuscous vittee; antennz elongated, brown ; anterior thighs unarmed, simple, bright green:
198 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
tibia dull green, tip and tarsus testacecus; intermediate thighs dilated, angulated, pale ochreous, annulated with brown, the in- ferior angulated lines slightly serrated; a prominent, piceous, acute, robust spine beneath near the tip; tibia greenish, slightly serrated on the inner side; tarsus testaceous; posterior thighs brownish, ochreous, with a prominent, piceous, acute, robust spine near the tip beneath.
Length about three inches.
A specimen occurred at the falls of Niagara on a Hickory tree (Carya,) and I formerly obtained one near the Missouri river. They are both males.
[Ante, p. 82; this insect has been placed in a variety of genera by different authors Diapheromerus Sayti Gray, Synopsis of Phasmidz (1835) p. 18: Diapheromera Sayi Serv. Orthopt. (1859) p. 247: Bacunculus Sayi Burm. Handb. 2, part 2, 566: Bacteria Sayi Charp. Orth. (1846), pl. 6—Unter.]
[S. bivittatum is Anisomorpha buprestoides Stoll. Spect. pl. 25, fig. 269: 88, § : Gray, Syn. 19: Burm. Handb. 570—UuteEr.]
ORDER HEMIPTERA. [298] SCUTELLERA Lam.
1. S. BrnotTaTta.—Head much arcuated, subtrilobate at tip; a large cinereous spot on the humeral region.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body oval, yellowish-gray, varied with dusky; punctured ; punctures small, black ; head longitudinally very much decurved, not forming a right line even on the vertex; fuscous, with three obsolete, dull fulvous vitte; punctures dense, small, profound ; two profound, very obvious, distinctly undulated impressed lines on the anterior two-thirds of the head, the included space a little elevated, and a tip forming a small lobe; lateral edge concavely arcuated, forming a rounded lobe at the lateral tip; thorax, punctures rather smaller than those of the head; anterior half, excepting the lateral margin, unequal, fuscous, with three obso- lete dull fulvous lines; posterior half abruptly a little elevated ; lateral edge black, concavely arcuated before, and convexly so behind ; posterior angles slightly emarginated; scutel entirely concealing the tergum and the hemelytra, excepting a very small
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 199
portion of the latter at base; basal disk dusky; a glabrous line extending to the tip and margined with dusky ; a large cinereous semiorbicular spot in which are abbreviated black lines, extend- ing from the humeral angle to the lateral middle; beneath covered with black punctures; feet black ; knees and spot near the tip fulvous; tibia fulvous with black lines; tarsi black.
Length more than one-fourth of an inch.
This species may be distinguished by the curvature of [299] the line of the head, and by the large spot on the humeral re- gion.
2. S. HNEIFRONS.—Dull fulvous, varied with fuscous; head and two spots on the thorax brassy.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body oval, punctured; head densely punctured, convex, with two impressed nearly rectilinear lines from the tip abbreviated at the vertex; lateral edges convexly arcuated, tip rounded, the space included between the impressed lines very slightly project- ing; antenne fuscous, basal joint whitish ; thorax dull fulvous, with obsolete longitudinal fuscous spaces, and a brassy triangular spot each side before; lateral edge nearly rectilinear to the pos- terior angles, which are rounded entire; scutel dull fulvous, varied with fuscous; hemelytra punctured, visible portion tri- angular ; beneath pale, head brassy, a brassy spot on each side of the pectus; thighs with a few black points.
Length about three-tenths of an inch.
This species is subject to vary in being rather smaller, and in the fuscous variegations being hardly discernible, but the other characters remain unchanged.
MEMBRACIS Fabr. Latr.
1. M. prceros.—Thorax 2-horned; varied with brown, pale before ; wings and beneath blackish.
Inhabits United States.
Body above punctured, truncated and vertical before, sur- mounted by two horizontal subconic horns extending laterally ; clypeus, vertical portions of the thorax, and triangular space in- cluded between the horns, whitish-green, varied with fuscous ; horns fuscous behind and beneath ; back acutely carinated, termi- nated in a very acute subulate [800] decurved point nearly as long
200 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
as the abdomen, but much shorter than the hemelytra; sides of the thorax posterior to the horns blackish-brown, with an arcuated spot or line behind the horns, and a band near the tip, whitish ; hemelytra and wings blackish-brown ; beneath blackish ; rostrum, knees, tibia, and tarsi, whitish.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
This is an inhabitant of Pennsylvania, and also of the North- west Territory. It is closely allied to Centrotus bubalus Fabr. and is infested by Leptus hispidus, nob.
2. M. TRILINEATA.—Brownish-rufous ; thorax elevated on the middle, with three longitudinal, one oblique, and one transverse line, whitish.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body with rather large dense punctures; head pale greenish- yellow, obsoletely irrorate with brown points; thorax before rounded, unarmed; a dilated pale greenish vitta from the head, is divided by the rounded elevation near the middle of the back, and passes down on each side in an oblique white line, which terminates at the inferior edge behind the middle ; a narrow line on each side passes from the head and terminates at the emargi- nation of the origin of the hemelytra; a white band near the tip margined with fuscous; dorsal foliaceous elevation taking its rise behind the line of the origin of the hemelytra, its edge very obtusely curved, and gradually disappearing behind at the white band, its sides in the middle are abruptly compressed ; tip acute, not attenuated; hemelytra with a punctured scale at base, which is adjusted in the emargination of the thoracic edge; coriaceous exterior margin less than one-fourth the length of the hemelytra, and punctured; beneath yellowish-green.
Length three-tenths of an inch. [301]
3. M. concavaA.—Fuscous with elevated lines on the thorax, and an oblique white band behind.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body with dilated punctures; head inequal, varied with whitish and fuscous; tip a little more prominent in the middle ; thorax unarmed, rounded before, with a carina originating at the head and continued to the tip; elevated lines like nervures, which are reticulate on the anterior part and near the back, but
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 201
on the sides they are distinctly four or five in number; back over the origin of the wings a little concave ; anterior or front of the thorax pale; carina on its concave portion white, and a white oblique band from behind the middle of the back to the exterior edge nearer the tip; tip obtuse, hardly surpassing the hemelytra; hemelytra dull amber, dusky at tip; nervures brown ; a fuscous, coriaceous, punctured basal margin extending more than half the length of the wing; a fuscous, punctured scale ad- justed in an emargination of the edge of the thorax ; beneath pice- ous-black ; knees, tibia, and tarsi, yellowish.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
Var. a. Thorax ferruginous or whitish, black or fuscous before and behind.
This species is also an inhabitant of Missouri and Arkansa.
4. M. srnorata.—Thorax with a compressed horn extending above the head, and two spots on the back.
Inhabits United States.
Body fuscous, punctured ; head longer than broad, rounded at tip, minutely punctured; thorax with a projecting horn before, which rises high above the line of the back, compressed, carinated above, each side, and beneath, and incurved towards the tip; between the lateral and [802] inferior carine are three elevated lines converging towards the eye; superior carina of the horn continued upon the back to the tip; lateral carina of the horn continued upon the side to the middle of the thoracic edge ; carina of the back slightly undulated, with two yellowish spots, of which one is on the middle and the other near the tip smaller and placed nearer to the anterior one than its own length; tip acute ; anterior and intermediate tibix dilated, foliaceous ; pos- terior tibia with two serrated lines behind; hemelytra opaque, much longer than the abdomen; wings hardly longer than the abdomen.
Length including the horn seven-twentieths; exclusive of the horn more than one-fifth of an inch.
The eyes are very nearly equidistant between the tip of the horn and of the hemelytra. It very closely resembles the /an- ceolata Fabr. an inhabitant of South America, of which it may
possibly prove to be a variety.
202 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
5. M. natrers.—Thorax with a compressed, porrect horn; body fuscous, immaculate.
Inhabits United States.
Body fuscous, punctured ; hemelytra paler; thorax, horn ex- tended in a line with the back and slightly decurved at tip; but in other respects resembling that of the preceding species ; black immaculate, posterior tip acute ; hemelytra paler than the thorax ; nervures fuscous.
Length equalling the preceding species.
This species very closely resembles the binotata, but the horn has a very different direction ; the back is destitute of spots, and the hemelytra seem to be of a more membranaceous texture.
[303] CERCOPIS Fabr. Germar.
C. PARALLELLA.—Hemelytra with two whitish bands, which are margined with dusky.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Dusky yellowish-brown, punctured; head densely punctured ; dusky in the middle and near the eyes; a glabrous somewhat elevated longitudinal line; length less than one-third of the breadth; thorax less densely punctured than the head ; angulated at the middle of the anterior edge; a glabrous somewhat elevated line from the anterior central angle, continued on the scutel; scutel acute, punctured at base, glabrous at tip ; hemelytra densely punctured ; an oblique band from the tip of the scutel, attains the exterior edge near the middle, it is whitish, margined with dusky ; another oblique band parallel with the preceding and of the same colors, is placed a short distance behind the middle ; near the tip on the inner edge is a whitish spot; pectus and feet yellowish ; tarsi, terminal joint dusky; tergum and _ venter dusky, margined with sanguineous.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
This species varies a little in the shade of its coloring, and when dark in color, the bands are almost obsolete. This species also occurs in Missouri and Arkansa.
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 203
ORDER NEUROPTERA. BAETIS Leach.
1. B. BILINEATA.—Large, pale ferruginous ; inferior wings margined behind with dusky; tergum fuscous with a double series of whitish lines. [304]
Inhabits St. Peter’s river.
Head above somewhat fulvous; beneath and front yellow; thorax, first segment yellowish-brown, blackish each side and before; second segment pale brownish, a little tinged with rufous and with indistinct oblique whitish lines, proceeding from the longitudinal impressed line; two brown spots on the middle placed transversely ; wings hyaline, whitish, with fuscous ner- vures; posterior margin of the inferiores fuscous ; tergum fus- cous; lateral margin whitish ; posterior edges of the segments white above; a double series of whitish, oblique, dilated, abbre- viated lines.
Length 9 to tip of the wings one and three-tenths of an inch.
This is much the largest species of this country I have seen ; it appeared in considerable numbers.
[ Belongs to Palingenia, and is P. limbata Guér. Icon. Régne An. pl. 60, fig. 7.—Unter. ]
2. B. ALTERNATA.—Wings whitish, nervures fuscous ; tergum fuscous, segments whitish at their bases.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body fuscous ; head on the anterior margin and gene white ; thorax pale brownish-livid, yellowish near the scutel ; wings hya- line, with a whitish reflexion, nervures not margined ; pleura and pectus varied with yellowish; feet pale ochreous, a fuscous annulus near the tip of the thighs; tergum fuscous ; segments whitish at base, one or two ultimate segments with two whitish longitudinal lines ; venter whitish, each segment with two oblique lines and two intermediate points, black; seta whitish, with regular fuscous spots alternating.
Length of the body % from two-fifths to half an inch.
Closely allied to the femoratus, nobis,* but may be distinguished
* Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 162.—Ante. p. 171.
204 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. ]
[305] from that species at once, by the nervures of the wings being altogether destitute of colored margins.
3. B. atBA.—White; vertex and anterior feet above dusky.
Inhabits Winnepeek river.
Thorax slightly tinged with pale yellowish-brown; anterior feet short, rather robust; nervures upon and near the costal margin dusky.
Length of the body Q about half an inch.
This insect appears in immense numbers. They rise upon the wing in the evening, and their short existence in the perfect state appears to be terminated before sunrise. For a more parti- cular account of this species, see the Narrative.
ASCALAPHUS Fabr.
A. 4-MACULATUS.—Wings with a white costal spot ; antennz as long as the body; tergum varied with black and testaceous ; eyes with a suture.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Head and stethidium covered by long cinereous hair, the latter part blackish, varied with pale testaceous ; labrum honey-yellow; antenne as long as the body, dull yellowish-brown; incisures blackish, clavum oval, compressed, blackish with pale incisures ; eyes large, prominent, in the middle divided by an impressed line; wings hyaline with a milk-white reflexion, an opake snow-white spot near the tip of the costal margin, nervures black; tergum testaceous, segments with a dorsal line and oblong spot each side, black, terminal segments nearly all black; sides black, varied with testaceous.
Length to tip of wings one inch and a half.
[306] Like the cayennensis Fabr. this species has a white spot on each wing, but the clavum of the antenne is not truncated. The eyes are each bisected by an impressed line in the middle, as in the maculatus Oliy. and all others of this genus. This species was found by Mr. William W. Wood.
HEMEROBIUS Latr. Lam. 1. H. rrroratus.—Blackish ; thorax with three lines and lateral margin yellowish ; wings hyaline with black spots. Inhabits United States.
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 205
Body hairy ; antennze fuscous, less than half the length of the body, filiform; orbits above and before, and hypostoma glabrous, white, the latter with a broad, transverse, brownish line near the tip; labrum white, with two obsolete, dusky, longitudinal spots; maxillary palpi black; a large, transverse quadrate, black, gla- brous spot, surrounding the base of the antenne; thorax, ante- rior segment five-lines, lines equal; feet whitish, hairy, four anterior thighs annulate with brown near the tip, their tibia at tip and annulus near the base, brown; pleura, incisures whitish ; wings hyaline, with numerous irregular, unequal, black and white points and spots, which are larger on the inner and outer margin; nervures and margins alternately spotted with blackish and white ; nervures of the disk with only a single line of connecting ner- vures which pass across the middle; margin with numerous ner- vures ; inferior wings without spots, excepting on the margin.
Length to tip of the wings one inch and a quarter.
Rather rare in Pennsylvania. We obtained a specimen in the North-west Territory, and Mr. Isaiah Lukens informed me that they are extremely numerous near Lake Erie in June.
[This was described by Fabricius, under the name Semblis punctata, Ent. Syst., 738. He afterwards described it, Ent. Syst., Supp. 202, as Hemerobius nebulosus. It is also Polysteechotes sticti- cus Burm. Handbuch. ii. p. 982. Osmylus validus Walker, Brit. Mus. Cat. 233, 8, and Hemerobius trroratus, Fitch, Ist report, p- 92,1. The name must now remain Polystechotes punctatus.— Unter. ] [307]
2. H. virrarus.—Pale yellowish, with a black vitta on the pleura ; abdomen fuscous; wings spotted with black.
Inhabits Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
Head with a transverse, quadrate, dusky spot between the eyes ; antenne somewhat longer than the head and thorax, yel- lowish-rufous, blackish at tip and base; eyes prominent, black ; thorax greenish-white, dusky between the wings, first segment a little narrowed before; wings hyaline, with black spots ; costal nervures articulate with black and white; a small white spot near the costal tip of each wing; inferior wings with fewer spots than the superior ones, but behind the costal middle is a large orbicular spot, and a smaller irregular one near the tip; meta- thorax blackish above; pleura with a broad blackish vitta, ex-
206 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
tending from near the head to the abdomen ; feet blackish, thighs at base, an annulus near the tip of the posterior ones, and pos- terior tibia towards the tip, pale; abdomen blackish, with an ob- solete, pale, small spot on some of the segments of the tergum. Length to tip of the wings one and two-fifths of an inch. This fine insect is in the collection of the Philadelphia Museum, and was found by Mr. Titian Peale.
CHAULIODES Latr.
(. seRRICORN1S.—Brownish-black, wings spotted with white.
Inhabits United States.
Head somewhat wider than the thorax, dusky testaceous at base, diameters nearly equal; antennee deeply serrated, black ; wings blackish; superior wings with a white band across the middle not attaining the inner margin and widest on the costal margin, a white spot on the costal [308] margin near the tip, and numerous, small, white dots on the disk near the tip; inferior wings with a narrow band across the middle not attaining the inner margin and near the tip larger spots, white.
Length to tip of the wings from one inch and a quarter to one inch and a half. .
A fine insect, which appears to inhabit almost every part of the United States, though I have not met with many specimens any where. Mr. Nuttall brought me an individual from Arkansa ; Dr. Bigsby took a specimen as far north as the Lake of the Woods, and I have found one in Pennsylvania, another in Missouri, and a third on Red river of Lake Winnepeek.
[A synonym of this species 1s Newromus maculatus Rambur, Neur. pl. 10, fig. 2—Uuuer. ]
PHRYGANEA Linn. Latr.
1. P. suprascrara. [Ante, p. 97.]
2. P. RApIATA.—Pale yellowish-brown ; wings with a fuscous circle, from which proceed four radii. [309]
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antenne fuscous ; vertex and neck hairy; thorax on each side before the wings, and two dorsal series, hairy; superior wings nearly hyaline; beyond the middle a large fuscous circle from which a dilated line proceeds to the tip, another to the inferior
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 207
angle, a third to the carpal spot, and a fourth towards the base, interrupted in its middle; dorsal margin, particularly towards the base, fuscous; surface with scattered hairs, those of’ the ner- vures more distinct and blackish ; tibize and tarsi with black setee.
Length to tip of wings seven-tenths of an inch.
3. P. sericEA.—Blackish, sericeous; wings varied with fus- cous and sericeous.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head with a cinereous gloss, and a few long hairs; antennz brown, incisures margined with yellowish ; basal joint color of the head ; thorax with a cinereous gloss in a particular light ; superior wings varied with pruinose and fuscous ; a transverse, quadrate, blackish spot on the middle of the inner margin ; hairs numerous, minute, those of the nervures larger and black ; in- ferior wings immaculate; posterior pairs of feet pale ochreous, sericeous, with black setze.
Length to tip of wings more than two-fifths of an inch.
MANTISPA Illig. Latr. M. BRUNNEA. [Ante, p. 54.]
ORDER HYMENOPTERA. [310]
XYELA Dalman.
X. FERRUGINEA.—Ferruginous; thoracic spots and base of the abdomen blackish.
Inhabits Arkansa.
Antennee fuscous, basal joint ferruginous above the antennz [311] and extending between the eyes is a transverse black spot; thorax each side above the base of the superior wings with a longitudinal blackish spot, connected behind with a transverse, almost indefinite one; metathorax blackish behind; wings hya- line, slightly tinged with yellowish, nervures brown; tergum, three basal segments black, remaining segments obsoletely blackish on their posterior margins ; posterior pairs of the tibiz six-spined, one on the middle, one beyond the middle, and the other at tip.
Length to tip of oviduct seven-twentieths of an inch.
This finteresting insect was presented to me by Mr. Thomas Nuttall, who obtained it during his expedition to Arkansa. The forms of some of the wing cellules differ a little from those of
208 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
the type of this genus. The first radial cellule receives the first recurrent nervure and is nearly square, slightly oblong, and nearly two-thirds the size of the second cellule, which receives no recurrent nervure and is somewhat smaller than the third cellule. The latter receives two recurrent nervures. The cu- bital cellules are subequal, bounded beneath by an almost recti- linear line, the third nearly attains the tip of the wing, leaving the fourth cellule very small. The maxillary palpi also are much shorter than those of the Swedish species. This disposi- tion of the nervures will authorize the formation of a distinct
section in the genus.
XIPHYDRIA Latr.
1. X. ABDOMINALIS.—Black ; abdomen rufous.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Head confluently punctured ; antennee short ; vertex with two distant, longitudinal, yellow spots, and another [312] transverse one on each cheek above; thorax confluently punctured, margined, and with three longitudinal impressed lines distant before ; wings fuliginous ; abdomen bright rufous; first segment above blackish ; feet piceous black.
Length more than half an inch.
The abdominal color of this species distinguishes it at once from any other. In dromedarius the middle segments of the tergum are rufous, but the terminal and three basal segments are black, and there is a series of whitish lateral spots.
2. X. TIBIALIS.—Black ; four lateral spots of the abdomen, first tarsal joint and base of the tibia white.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Stethidium rough with confluent punctures, immaculate ; wings hyaline, nervures dark fuscous; feet black ; tibia white, fuscous at tip ; tarsi, first joint white; abdomen black, three mid- dle segments and the penultimate segment, each with a white spot on each side.
Length more than two-fifths of an inch.
This species resembles the camelus Fabr., and Urocerus annu- latus Jur., but is less than half the size of either, and the former, according to authors, has ferruginous feet and a smooth thorax; the latter has a lateral white spot on each of the abdominal seg- ments excepting the penultimate one.
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 209
TARPA Fabr., Le Pelletier.
T. scrtprA.—Black, with white lines and spots ; abdomen ru- fous.
Inhabits North-west Territory and Arkansa.
Hypostoma on its anterior margin, mandibles and palpi whitish ; line upon the orbits extending from near the antennx [313] to the occiput and together with an insulated spot each side on the vertex when viewed from behind presenting the form of the figure 8, white ; a white slightly oblique spot above the base of each antenna; inferior orbits white : thorax with an abbreviated, transverse, angulated line before, slightly interrupted in the middle, a line before each wing and three small spots on the middle placed triangularly, white; wings hyaline, nervures fus- cous; feet yellowish-white; abdomen rufous, first segment, and sometimes the tip, black.
Length from more than three-tenths to two-fifths of an inch.
CEPHUS Latr.
1. C. TRIMAcuLATUS.—Black ; abdomen with a yellowish- white spot each side at the middle.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Orbits before, two longitudinal spots on the hypostoma, and base of the mandibles yellowish-white ; wings brown-black ; me- tathorax with a pale greenish, membranaceous, triangular spot behind ; abdomen on the middle with a transverse oval pale yel- lowish spot each side.
Length % nearly one-half, 2 nearly three-fourths of an inch.
Var. o. head immaculate.
Var. 6. a very small indistinct spot on each side beyond the middle.
In the collection of Mr. William W. Wood, the great differ- ence in point of size between the sexes of this insect, might readily lead to error with respect to their specific identity.
2. CO. ABBREVIATUS.—Black; abdomen rufous at base. [314]
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
2 Body black, polished ; labrum white, with a dilated, longi- tudinal, fuscous line; thorax with an oblique, white, abbreviated line at the base of the superior wings ; scutel with a transverse
14
210 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
white line; metathorax with a longitudinal white triangle ; wings ‘hyaline, nervures fuscous ; the small nervure which divides the first marginal cellule from the first submarginal cellule is abbre- viated and does not reach the. margin; feet pale rufous, tibie with a white abbreviated line on the exterior side near the knees; posterior tibize and tarsi black; abdomen compressed, acutely edged above beyond the middle; first and second segments ru- fous.
Length seyen-twentieths of an inch.
This may be readily distinguished from the preceding species as well by its inferior size and color, as by the remarkable ab- breviation of the dividing nervure of the first marginal and sub- marginal cellules.
HYLOTOMA Latr.
H. puLcraRIA.— @ Pale rufous; head, wings and feet viola- ceous-black.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antenne black, with a slight violaceous tinge; pectus with a large, well defined black spot, tinged with violaceous ; feet hardly tinged with violaceous ; abdomen yellow; tail black.
Length to tip of the wings nine-twentieths of an inch.
This species was found by Dr. Bigsby, to whom I am indebted for the specimen. It seems to be allied to the pectoralis Leach, of which, however, the wings are “ luteo-hyaline.”
LOPHYRUS Lair., Leach. [315]
L. ABDOMINALIS.— 9 Antennze 18-jointed, pale-yellowish ; thorax with black spots. .
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head reddish-yellow ; a large, transverse, black spot above the antenne descending on each side between the antenne and the eyes to the sides of the mouth, and ascending by two distant narrow lines over the vertex to the occiput; mandibles piceous at tip; thorax with large black spots, occupying the greater por- tion of the surface; scutel pale yellow; wings hyaline, nervures und stigmata fuscous; thighs dusky at base; tergum yellow, tinged with rufous, whitish on the lateral margin; segments pice- ous on their posterior edges.
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 21)
This species seems to be allied to L. americanus Leach, but that insect is stated to have nineteen joints to the antenne.
NEMATUS Jur.
N. VENTRALIS.—Black ; venter and feet pale.
Inhabits United States.
*% Hypostoma, palpi and mandibles at base, whitish; orbits above and behind piceous; thorax dilated, triangular line before the wing, and wing scale whitish; wings slightly dusky, ner- vures fuscous; feet honey-yellow, posterior tarsi black-brown; tergum black, segments each with a yellow band of which the four terminal ones are interrupted in the middle; venter pale honey-yellow.
Length one-fourth of an inch.
2 Orbits all round whitish; white line or spot before [316] the wings with about three obsolete black spots before ; feet white, thighs black in the middle, posterior tarsi blackish; tergum
lack, the bands obsolete ; venter white and segments blackish.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
Belongs to Nematus Leach, and to Nematust+{ Le Pelletier.
TENTHREDO Latvr.
1. T. BASILARIS.—Black, hypostoma and basal joint of the antenne yellow; tergum bifasciate.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body polished ; hypostoma emarginate in a curved line, and with the labrum and mandibles yellow, the latter piceous at tip ; gena with a yellow line abbreviated above; tongue and palpi pale yellow; thorax with a yellow line before the wings; scutel yellow ; metathorax with two small yellow spots; wings tinged with ferruginous ; pleura with an oblique, dilated line above the intermediate feet, and a rhomboidal spot above the posterior feet, yellow ; anterior feet greenish-white ; intermediate feet pale yel- lowish, a black spot on the thighs near the tip behind ; posterior feet pale yellowish, thighs and tibize annulate with black at tip; tergum, first segment white on the posterior margin, fifth seg- ment rufous, penultimate segment with a yellow subtriangular spot on each side, ultimate segment at base, and tail, pale yellow; venter, fifth segment, rufous.
Length of the body two-fifths of an inch.
PAD, LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
% Cheeks entirely yellow; a yellow spot on the pleura above the anterior feet, connected with the thoracic line; tergum yel- lowish-rufous, dusky at tip and black at base; venter yellowish- white, dusky at tip. \ [317]
This species resembles the b7fasciatus nob.,* of which the only specimen I have seen is a female. On coparine the two species, it will be observed that the above described insect is larger, and of a somewhat more slender form; the surface of the head and thorax is much more smooth; the rufous band instead of being on the fourth segment, as in that species, is on the fifth, &e.
2. T. VERTICALIS.—@ Head pale yellow; vertex and antennze black ; tergum yellowish, spotted with black, tip black.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Mandibles piceous at tip, antennge rather long; vertex with a somewhat'lobated, large black spot, extending by a process down between the antenne, and connected with another large spot on the occiput; neck, a black line each side; thorax black, about four oblique, short lines in the centre, and dilated line before each wing, yellow; wings hyaline, stigmata and nervures fuscous, costal edge dull yellowish; scutel yellow; metathorax black, a triangle at base, two dots and behind, yellow; pleura black, a yellow spot near the anterior wings and another over the posterior feet; feet yellow, slightly varied with pale testaceous ; posterior thighs black on the terminal half, their tibize black at tip; tergum yellow, with a testaceous tinge, second, third, and fourth segments two-spotted on each; those of the anterior one nearly confluent ; fifth immaculate, terminal ones black; venter pale yellowish, black at tip.
Length of the body three-twentieths of an inch.
3. T. RUFIPES.—9 Black ; mouth yellow; feet rufous.
Tnhabits North-west Territory.
Antenne moderate; hypostoma emarginate with a regularly [318] curved line, yellow; labrum nearly orbicular, and with the mandibles pale yellow, the latter piceous at tip ; stethidium and ab- domen black, immaculate ; wings with fuscous nervures, stigmata
* Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 72.—[Ante, p. 162.]
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 2138
and costal edge; feet pale rufous; posterior tarsi and their tibie at tip blackish. Length of the body half an inch.
4. T. TERMINALIS.—Antennz white at tip; abdomen testa- ceous.
Inhabits United States.
@ Body black; head testaceous ; venter with a blackish longi- tudinal vitta; antenne black, four last joints white; stethidium black ; thorax with a piceous triangle before, and a large yellow spot behind; thorax with two small yellow spots; wings tinged with fuliginous; nervures fuscous ; carpal spot whitish on the basal half; pleura with a large testaceous spot beneath the superior wings; feet testaceous, coxe black, tip of the posterior coxe white ; abdomen entirely testaceous.
% Tip of the antenne pale yellowish; superior orbits with a white sagittate spot; occiput each side with a white spot; instead of the piceous triangle of the thorax isa white V-like spot; pleura testaceous; pectus testaceous, disk and posterior coxe at base black.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
The white terminal joints of the antennz of this species are very distinct and striking.
5. T. pyramMmA.—Black ; thorax rufous before; feet white.
Inhabits United States.
% 9 Body polished; hypostoma obscure whitish; thorax, an- terior segment rufous, collar dusky; wings dusky; feet white ; thighs blackish in the middle behind; posterior tibize and tarsi black.
Length % one fifth of an inch, 2 rather more.
DOLERUS Jur. [319]
1. D. ryornatrus.—Body black, polished; feet white; tarsi dusky.
Inhabits United States.
? Labrum and palpi whitish; thorax with a line before the wings and wing-scale, white; scutel with a small bullate white spot on each side; wings a little dusky; nervures blackish-fus- cous; pleura with an abbreviated white line over the intermediate feet; coxe color of the feet.
214 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
Length one-fourth of an inch.
This species belongs to Dolerus ++ of Le Pelletier, Emphytus Leach.
2. D. arvENSIS.—Blackish-violaceous ; thorax rufous, a spot before and triangular spot behind, black.
Inhabits United States.
9 Antenne black; palpi and mandibles black; head black with a violaceous tinge; thorax with a longitudinal spot from the collar to the middle, a small spot over the wing, posterior margin connected with a spot, black; metathorax black; wings dusky ; pleura and pectus black, tinged with violaceous, the former rufous ut the humerus, this color being connected with that of the thorax ; feet black ; abdomen dark-violaceous.
Length more than seven-twentieths of an Inch.
Var. a. Black spot above the wing enlarged and reaching the dorsal spot.
This species belongs to Hylotoma Fabr., Dosythaeus Leach, and Dolerus ++ Le Pelletier. It is found in the North-west Territory, Pennsylvania, and Arkansa. This species is closely allied to Tenthredo thoracina Beauy., but it does not fully agree with his figure, and his description is too unessential to be useful. [320]
3. D. sprtceus.—Entirely black, immaculate.
Inhabits United States.
4% Q Body, particularly the venter and feet, sericeous; with short hairs; wings dusky; tergum glabrous, polished.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
Belongs to the same division with the preceding species.
It is found as far south and west as Arkansa. It resembles Tenthredo unicolor Beauy., but is somewhat larger, the three last joints of the antenne are differently formed, and the wings are
dusky. EVANIA Fabr.
KE. unicotor.—Entirely black, immaculate, slightly sericeous.
Inhabits United States.
Antenne as long as the body ; palpi piceous; thorax with very few, small punctures; metathorax densely punctured; wings hyaline, nervures fuscous; a distinct nervure passes from the
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. yA TS)
dividing nervure of the cubital and discoidal cellules to.the pos- terior margin of the wing; abdomen much compressed, impunc- tured, polished, oval, rather longer than the petiole; posterior feet elongated.
Length more than three-tenths of an inch.
The proportions of the petiole, abdomen, and posterior feet of’ this insect are nearly the same with those of appendigaster Faby., T obtained a specimen near the Rocky Mountains, and it is also found in Pennsylvania. The additional nervure is sometimes connected with the radial cellule by a faint, transverse nervure. so as to form a second cubital cellule.
FOENUS Fabr. [821]
F. rarsaTorius.—Black; feet pale rufous; posterior tibia blackish, at base white.
Tnhabits Pennsylvania.
Antenne black-testaceous beneath towards the tip ; mandibles testaceous, at tip black ; hypostoma each side silvery ; stethidium immaculate, confluently punctured; wings hyaline, nervures fus- cous ; anterior and intermediate feet pale rufous, the tibiae with a whitish line, the base of the tarsi white ; posterior feet piceous, tibize blackish, clavate, a white band near the base, which is much dilated before ; tarsi white at base, the first joint with a black origin; abdomen blackish, with about three dull testaceous spots on each side; oviduct pale testaceous; valves blackish, at tip whitish.
Length of the body eleven-twentieths of an inch.
SIGALPHUS Latr.
1. 8. sertcEus.— Black ; tergum sericeous ; tibia ochreous at base.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head with dilated, transversely confiuent punctures ; nasus minutely punctured ; thorax with much dilated, irregularly con- fluent punctures ; scutel polished, almost impunctured on the disk, lateral margin grooved; wings slightly fuliginous, nervures fus- cous, those of the base very pale brownish ; metathorax with very large, somewhat discoidal punctures ; tergum without obvious in- cisures, black, covered with short, dense, cinereous, sericeous hair ; obtuse at tip ; venter excavated ; anterior pairs of feet black, [822]
216 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
sericeous, with ochreous tibiz and tips of the thighs ; posterior pair black, sericeous, tibize ochreous at base.
Length one-fourth to nearly three-tenths of an inch.
Very like the sulcatus Jurine, but is much larger; it differs from Ichneumon oculator Fabr., by being immaculate, and from Cryptus irrorator Fabr., by the oval form of its abdomen.
2. S. BASILARIS.—Black ; base of the antenne and feet pale yellowish.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Head punctured ; antennz, first and second joints pale yellow- ish; mandibles yellowish; palpi white; thorax punctured ; scu- tel, metathorax, and tergum at base longitudinally wrinkled ; wings hyaline, pale yellowish at base; nervures fuscous ; feet pale yellowish, tips of the tarsi dusky.
Length nearly one-fifth of an inch.
This species is in the collection of Mr. William W. Wood. It is much smaller than the preceding species and readily distin- guished by the color of the basal joints of the antennee and of the feet.
BRACON Jur.
1. B. tTrpraror.—Black ; wings fuscous at tip.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
? Wings hyaline, nervures robust, fuscous; tip including the extremity of the second submarginal cellule, fuscous ; feet, ante- rior pair of tibize and tarsi yellowish-white; intermediate tarsi whitish ; posterior pairs of tibiae white at base.
Length of the body one-fifth of an inch. [$23]
2. B. poputator.—Black ; abdomen red; wings dark fuli- ginous.
Inhabits United States.
* 9 Metathorax rough, with confluent punctures ; abdomen en- tirely reddish-fulvous ; oviduct black, longer than the abdomen.
Length of the body two-fifths of an inch.
A very common insect in many parts of the United States. The head and stethidium are sometimes dark piceous with the anterior portion of the thorax black. It resembles B. initiator Fabr:
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 217
3. B. nigaAtor.—Black, abdomen and feet rufous, antenna with a white annulus. Tnhabits Pennsylvania.
9 Vertex and occiput impunctured ; annulus of the antenne placed beyond the middle ; palpi piceous; stethidium with con- fluent punctures ; thorax with two dilated, abbreviated longitu- dinal, dull rufous lines; scutel with a dilated, longitudinal, dull rufous line; wings hyaline, nervures fuscous; metathorax dull rufous ; feet rufous, tarsi blackish at tip; posterior thighs with a strong tooth beneath near the tip; posterior tibie fuscous ; posterior tarsi whitish ; tergum punctured, glabrous at tip ; ovi- duct blackish.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
4. B. stiamator.—Dark yellowish-rufous; metathorax and segment of the terguin black.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antenne as long as the body, dusky towards the tip; vertex between the stemmata black; occiput all round the neck, black- ish ; metathorax above and on the sides black; pleura with a blackish, dilated, longitudinal line ; pectus with a blackish, dilated line before the anterior feet, [ 324] reaching near the head ; wings hyaline; nervures fuscous; stigmata rather large, triangular, fuscous, dull white at the anterior and posterior tips, and also on the costal edge ; tergum paler, disk of the first segment blackish.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
This insect is one of the many species that deposit their eggs in great numbers in the larva of Lepidopterus insects. In a dead and dried larva, which I found adhering to a tree, were the fol- licles of forty or fifty individuals of this species. It varies some- what in the quantity of the black coloring with which it is marked. In some specimens this extends not only along the pectus, but is continued in a capillary line along the edge of the thorax, the metathorax also is entirely black, the tergum is blackish at tip and on the sides, the pectus has a black spot in the middle, and the hypostoma has a transverse, blackish spot.
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
In —
STEPHANUS Jur.
S. RUFIPES.—Black ; abdomen sessile; thorax not remarkably attenuated before.
Tahabits Pennsylvania.
Body somewhat sericeous ; palpi pale yellowish ; seutel with a groove on each side, rough; metathorax rough, and with two
2)
Pp
slightly elevated, longitudinal, distant lines ; wings hyaline; a large, triangular, fuscous, carpal spot; feet rufous; posterior pair of tarsi dusky; abdomen a little rough at base; oviduct as long as the abdomen.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
Although the arrangement of the wing nervures agrees pre- cisely with S. coronatus Jur., yet the form of the body differs materially, the thorax not exhibiting the remarkable [825] atten- uation before, and the abdominal petiole is not visible.
ACAENITUS Latr. (ANOMALON Jur.)
A. STIGMAPTERUS.—@ Black; incisures of the feet white.
Tnhabits North-west Territory.
Thorax densely punctured; two dilated grooves confluent behind ; scutel united to the thorax by a carinated line each side ; wings tinged with fuliginous ; nervures blackish ; stigma termi- nated before by asmall white spot; metathorax with large con- fluent punctures; terminated on each side behind by a short conic process; pleura and pectus polished; tibic at base, first joint of the tarsi at base, and near the tip of the tarsi, white.
J.ength more than one inch.
Well distinguished by the white points on the wings, and the white annulations of the feet. The head in my specimen is defi- cient.
IBALIA Latr.
I. anceps.— Dull ferruginous; wings blackish; abdomen piceous.
Inhabits Arkansa and St. Peter’s rivers.
Head with a black curved line at base of the antenne ; collar abruptly elevated at anterior edge, and slightly emarginate in the
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 219
middle; near the neck black ; thorax transversely wrinkled, and with three longitudinal impressed distant lines, of which the in- termediate one is black, and the lateral ones black on the exte- rior side; scutel scabrous, abruptly elevated at tip, and emar-’ ginated ; [826] metathorax scabrous, black on the disk ; wings fuliginous-black ; pleura and pectus blackish, the former with an obsolete, longitudinal line beneath the wings; thighs piceous in the middle; posterior pair black in the middle; abdomen com- pressed almost to flatness, piceous-black, margins of the segments paler; elongate-oval ; rounded, but sharp-edged at tip; terguin and venter also with sharp edges.
Length nearly seven-tenths of an inch.
This species is not of very common occurence. It is very closely allied to Banchus culteliator Fabr.
CHALCIS Fabr. Latr.
1. C. mMIcRoGASTER.—Slender, black ; anterior pairs of feet and posterior tarsi, yellowish; peduncle as long as the abdo- men.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Stethidium with dilated, dense gxmctures ; metathorax with an angulated line above the’ insertion of the abdomen; wings hyaline, costal nervure fuscous; posterior feet black ; tarsi yel- lowish; first joint of the cox with a small acute tooth above near the tip; thighs as large as the abdomen, with numerous, small, regular teeth on the posterior edge; tibix, terminal spine longer than the first joint of the tarsi; abdomen polished, a little compressed, triangular, the superior angle rounded.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
2. C. ovaTa.—Robust, black; feet yellow, thighs black at base, head with a golden reflection.
Inhabits Ohio and Pennsylvania.
Head black, with golden sericeous hair, which is indistinct on the vertex; antennz testaceous beneath towards the tip ; stethi- dium with dilated, dense punctures, alittle [827] sericeous with golden hair; scale covering the base of the wings yellow; wings hyaline ; nervures fuscous, at base pale yellowish ; feet bright yel- low; basal half of the anterior pairs of thighs black ; posterior thighs smaller than the abdomen, black, with a yellow spot on
220 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
the tip above, dentated on the posterior edge; posterior tibie piceous on its basal incisure ; terminal spine robust, shorter than the first tarsal joint; first joint of the posterior coxe with a robust tooth above near the tip; abdomen subovate, polished ; first segment nearly glabrous, second segment hairy on each side, remaining segments hairy near their tips.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
LEUCOSPIS Fabr.
L. AFFINIS.—Abdomen sessile ; oviduct as long as the abdo- men; black, varied with yellow; collar each side and behind margined with yellow, and with an abbreviated, transverse, yel- low line on the anterior submargin.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
%, Body densely punctured; antenne, basal joint yellow; collar margined each side and behind with yellow, the yellow abbreviated line on the anterior submargin is about half the width of the collar ; thorax, incisure at the base of the wing dull yellow ; scutel with a transverse yellow line; wings brownish ; pleura, a yellow line over the insertion of the posterior feet ; feet yellowish, thighs dusky or black at base; posterior thighs black, with a yellow spot at base and another at tip on the exterior side ; posterior coxee testaceous at tip; tergum with three nearly equal bands, and an oval, longitudinal spot near the tip, yellow; venter with a yellow spot each side, opposite to the termination of the third band of the tergum. [ 328 |
@ Resembles the male, but the bands of the tergum are more dilated than those of the male, and the first is inter- rupted by the groove of the oviduct; the second band is reduced to a small lateral spot ; the yellow spot at tip is divided by the groove of the oviduct ; the venter is immaculate, and posterior thighs are piceous on the inner side.
Length rather more than three-tenths of an inch.
This species is very closely allied to the dorsigera and gigas, but more particularly to the former; it is much smaller than the gigas, and differs from both in many respects, and more obviously in the circumstance of the anterior margin of the collar being black, with an abbreviated yellow line on the submargin.
I observed this species running actively over the surface of a
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 221
rafter in a barn, very busily feeling with its antenne for a proper situation to deposit its eges. Having found a suitable place, the insect, after some exertion, suddenly disengaged its oviduct from the groove and valves, and gradually thrust the instrument into the wood, nearly to the base; then having for a short time re- mained at rest, probably in order to protrude the egg, the oviduct was withdrawn, adjusted in its dorsal groove ; and the insect pro- ceeded again as before, in search of another spot suitable for its purpose. I could not ascertain the kind of larvee, within the wood, that received these eggs.
PSILUS Jur.
P. BREVICORNIS.—Black, polished, immaculate; tibiae and tarsi piceous.
Inhabits St. Peter’s river.
Antenne short, first joint much elongated, second joint longer than the remaining ones, which are subcylindric-quadrate; [829] mandibles pale testaceous ; thorax convex, rounded, two faint im- pressed lines each side behind converging to the scutel, and on the posterior margin two indistinct dull whitish spots; scutel elevated, convex; feet dark piceous; thighs nearly black; wings, costal nervure indistinct; abdomen depressed fusiform, acute at tip.
Length more than one-twentieth of an inch.
BETHYLUS Latr.
B. nurrpes.—Black; antenne and feet rufous.
Inhabits North-West Territory.
Body slender, polished, black; mouth rufous; thorax punc- tured; wing joint ochreous; abdomen, incisures and terminal segment obscurely piceous.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
This insect is also an inhabitant of Missouri.
PROCTOTRUPES Latr.
P. cAupATUs.—Pale testaceous; oviduct as long as the ab- domen.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head with a blackish, transverse line between the antenne;
ID? LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
thorax and scutel impunctured; wings hyaline, with a very slight ochreous tinge, stigmata very distinct, and with the costal ner- yures fuscous, the other nervures light brownish, the process of the radial neryure continued transversely to the middle of the disk of the wing, is not only extended from that point to the ex- tremity of the wing, but also towards the base of the wing, ter- minating in this direction at the first transverse nervure. [330]
Length of the body nearly two-fifths of an inch.
This species was also found in Missouri.
HEDYCHRUM Latr.
1. H. VENTRALE. Green polished; tergum tinged with blue ; antenne blackish at tip; venter bronze.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Antenne, excepting the first joint, blackish-brown; front im- pressed ; stethidium with dilated punctures; thorax in the mid- dle between the wings, with a purplish shade; wings dusky, nervures fuscous ; tarsi, excepting the basal joint, dark brownish ; ‘ tergum passing to bluish-purple towards the tip; tip very ob- tusely rounded, terminal segment longer than the preceding one ; venter entirely dull bronzed.
Length more than one-fourth of an inch.
2. H. pimipIATuM.—Green polished; posterior half of the venter bronze.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Antenne, excepting the basal joint, and palpi, brownish-hlack ; front somewhat impressed; vertex between the stemmata dark purplish ; stethidium with dilated punctures; thorax longitudi- nally on the disk dark purplish ; wings dusky, nervures fuscous; tarsi dark brownish ; tergum longitudinally in the middle slightly tinged with bluish, ultimate segment less than half the length of the preceding one ; venter green, posterior half coppery.
Length nearly three-tenths of an inch.
From the collection of Mr. William Wood.
MYRMOSA LIatr. [331]
M. uNIcoLoR.—Black ; abdomen with cinereous hair; meta- thorax with an impressed line. Tnhabits North-west Territory.
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 293
Head with short cinereous hair, somewhat longer about the mouth ; densely punctured; thorax and scutel densely punctured, and with scattered, cinereous short hair ; posterior segment of the former, with two light parallel impressed lines; wings hyaline, nervures fuscous; metathorax with a longitudinal, impressed, very distinct line; and a transverse one at base; hair more ob- vious each side; punctures smaller than those of the thorax ; ab- domen more hairy than any other part of the body.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
This insect also occurred on the Missouri, at Engineer Can- tonment, and in Pennsylvania.
TIPHIA Fabr.
1. T. wornata.—Black, immaculate; wings yellowish fuli- ginous.
Inhabits Ohio and Pennsylvania. mandibles piceous, blackish at tip; thorax punctured, wing-scale and posterior margin of the first segment impunctured, edge of the latter piceous ; metathorax with three longitudinal, shghtly elevated lines ; posterior edge also slightly elevated into an acute line ; feet hairy, tibiee and tarsi more or less piceous ; abdomen, particularly behind hairy.
Length three-fifths of an inch. [332]
Head punctured; antennz piceous, paler towards the tip;
2. T. INTERRUPTA.—Black, stethidium with yellow spots; tergum with yellow spots and bands.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Antenne dull black-brown, first joint polished, piceous at tip; mandibles piceous, black at tip ; thorax with a spot each side be- fore, three ina line between the origin of the superior wings, yel- low; scutel with a yellow, transverse line; wings hyaline, costal margin fuliginous ; metathorax at the tip each side with a double longitudinal, yellow spot; pleura with a vertical, yellow, oblong spot beneath the origin of the superior wing; tarsi pale piceous; tibiz, anterior pair blackish-piceous, posterior pairs pale piceous ; thighs black; tergum a little iridescent; first segment with a band abruptly and widely narrowed above; second segment with an oval spot each side; third segment, band gradually narrowed
224. LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
in the middle; fourth and fifth segments, bands slightly inter- rupted; venter immaculate.
Length nine-twentieths of an inch.
In the collection of Mr. William W. Wood.
This species would seem to be allied to the serena, judging by the description that Fabricius gives of that insect, particularly as he describes the costal margin of the wings to be fuscous. That insect, however, is stated to be only a little smaller than the namea of the same author, a size which at once puts that species out of the question.
POMPILUS Fabr. Latr.
1. P. FAScIpENNIS.—Black ; wings hyaline, with a fuscous band near the tip; abdomen rufous at base.
Inhabits United States.
Hypostoma and inferior portion of the front, with [333] numerous silvery hairs; wings with fuscous nervures; a fuscous band including nearly all the radial cellule, and not reaching the posterior angle; tip slightly margined with fuscous; posterior thighs and tibize at base rufous ; abdomon sessile, first and second segments rufous.
Length about three-tenths of an inch.
2. P. MARGrnATUS.—Black; wings dusky, with a broad, darker posterior margin; abdomen sessile, first and second seg- ments rufous.
Inhabits North-west Territory and Missouri.
@ The terminal dark margin of the wings is so broad as to reach almost to the terminal cubital cellule, and passes round on the costal margin to the origin of the radial cellule; on the in- ferior wings is also a broad, terminal, darker margin.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
Very similar to the preceding, but manifestly distinct by the above characters.
CEROPALES Lair.
1. C. FAsctaTA.—Black; thorax and tergum spotted and banded with pale-yellowish ; feet ochreous, tarsi pale yellow.
Inhabits United States.
Front, labrum, and orbits yellow, the latter interrupted above ;
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 295
thorax punctured ; anterior margin, a spot each side near the head, a longitudinal, abbreviated, central line, yellow; scutel with a spot on the disk, and another transverse one beneath its tip, yel- low; wings immaculate, nervures blackish ; pectus with a yellow- ish spot over the intermediate and another over the posterior feet ; coxe, first joint with a dilated yellow line ; posterior feet elongated ; tergum [334] polished; first segment with a rather large yellow spot on each side, angulated before; second, third, fourth, and fifth, with each a yellow band, slightly interrupted in the middle, and at its termination on each side dilated into a spot; sixth segment dull ochreous; tail piceous.
Length nearly two-fifths of an inch.
This insect has considerable resemblance to the macularia Fabr., but the longitudinal thoracic line, scutellar spot, the form and number of the bands of the tergum, Xc., sufficiently dis- guish it. It is more especially found in Missouri.
2. C. FERRUGINEA.—Ferruginous; wings violet; pleura and metathorax black.
Inhabits United States.
% Antenne beyond the third joint, gradually shaded into fus- cous; mandibles, the two teeth black; thorax, middle segment with a black anterior margin ; posterior segment and scutel, black on each side; wings decidedly violaceous; posterior coxe at base black; tergum, first segment at base and tip, and second seg- ment at tip, black.
Length less than three-fifths of an inch.
3. OC. BIpuNCTATA.—Black ; wings dark violaceous ; posterior thighs bright rufous in the middle; a small yellow dot each side at the tip of the metathorax.
Tnhabits United States.
%, Hypostoma, labrum, anterior orbits, and line on the basal joint of the antennx before, yellow; mandibles piceous ; palpi pale ; collar yellow on the posterior margin, and with the thorax and scutel with somewhat distant punctures; wings violaceous; posterior thighs, excepting at base and tip bright rufous.
Length from one-half to three-fourths of an inch.
2 Hypostoma and labrum black, the anterior orbits [335] only yellow; collar destitute of the yellow margin behind. Smaller than the female. "
15
226 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
This species may readily be distinguished by the two small bright yellow dots at tip each side of the metathorax, and the bright color of the posterior thighs. It varies considerably in size.
BEMBEX Fabr., Panz.
B. MonopontTA.—Black ; tergum with dilated, greenish-yellow bands.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Front and vertex with cinereous hair; labrum with a greenish, oblong, margined spot each side; near the base; thorax hardly hairy, anterior edge terminating in a spot on the pleura; an oblique, abbreviated line above the origin of the wings, termi- nating in a comma-formed spot behind, greenish-yellow; meta- thorax, a transverse, rectilinear line at base, and an arcuated one at base, slightly interrupted in the middle, greenish-yellow ; thighs, at tip, tibiz and base of the tarsi, pale yellowish; tips of the latter dusky; a dilated black line near the tip of the anterior tibia ; wings hyaline; tergum with six yellow and green bands, which occupy more than two-thirds of the surface; first band bilobate before, yellow, with a broad green posterior margin ; remaining bands somewhat dentated before; the second and third bands yellow, with a green central dash; fourth and fifth bands yellow, their anterior margins green; terminal band en- tirely yellow; venter entirely black; a single elevation on the second segment.
Length % half an inch.
In the collection of Mr. William W. Wood. [336]
MONEDULA Latr.
1. M. 4-rasctaTa.—Black, obscurely iridescent ; tergum with four bands, interrupted and narrowed in the middle.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Antenne with the basal joint beneath yellow ; orbits anteriorly, hypostoma and labrum, yellow; the latter margined each side with piceous, and the hypostoma has a more or less dilated black spot above; mandibles blackish-piceous; thorax with a capillary line before; wings hyaline, slightly fuliginous, nervures fuscous ; metathorax at tip each side compressed and yellow; pleura with a whitish spot over the anterior feet, and from one to three yel-
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 227
lowish approximate spots above the middle; feet pale yellowish ; thighs black on the basal two-thirds, those of the anterior feet black only on the exterior side; tergum with four yellow bands, dilated on the sides, and gradually narrowing to the middle of the back, where they are slightly interrupted, the terminal one widely interrupted ; two terminal segments with large punctures each side and at base; venter with three small yellow spots each side near the middle; % with an obsolete spot each side on the two segments beyond the bands, and the anus is three-spined, of which the lateral ones are curved, and 9 with an obsolete, yellow- ish line before the wing on each side.
Length % three-fifths, 9 nearly seven-tenths of an inch.
This species is in the collection of Mr. William W. Wood. The hypostoma of the male specimen is occupied by the black basal spot, excepting on its anterior margin. The bands of the abdomen in this species are not at all dentated.
2. M. ventrRaLis.—Black, obscurely iridescent ; tergum [337] with about five yellow bands, interrupted, but not narrowed in the middle.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
%, Orbits anteriorly obsoletely tinged with dull yellowish; antenne, first joint beneath yellow; hypostoma, labrum, and mandibles black , palpi whitish ; thorax punctured; a line on the anterior edge, with a spot at tip on the pleura, and a small, longi- tudinal, oval spot each side above the inferior wings, yellow; scutel with a transverse yellow line; metathorax at tip each side compressed and yellow; wings hyaline, very slightly tinged with fuliginous ; nervures fuscous; feet yellowish; thighs black from the base to near the knee, first pair on the anterior side only the basal half black; tergum with about five or six yellow bands, which are rather wider on the back and interrupted by a very narrow space; excepting the first band which is slightly undulated, slightly narrowed on the back, and interrupted by a wider space ; the ultimate bands narrowed each side and interrupted near a spot on the lateral margin; terminal segment with large, dense punctures, as numerous on the disk as upon the sides ; anus three- spined, of which the lateral ones are curved; venter each side with a triangular spot at the tip of each of the dorsal bands
excepting the first. ,
228 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
Length nearly half an inch. I have not seen the female, the male is in the collection of Mr.
William W. Wood. ASTATA Latr.
A. unIcoLor.—Deep black, immaculate; wings dusky at tip.
Inhabits North-west Territory and Missouri. [338]
@ Head with rather long, silvery hair; thorax and scutel with remote punctures, the former with a very slight appearance of longitudinal lines before, the latter with a longitudinal impressed line at tip, metathorax with dense, dilated punctures; wings hya- line, with a broad, dusky tip, nervures black; tarsi piceous: ab- domen polished, immaculate.
Length less than half an inch.
OXYBELUS Latr.
O. 4-noratus.—Black; tergum with a slight, whitish, abbre- viated line on each side of the first and second segments.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Antenne towards the tip beneath, stethidium, immaculate ; wings hyaline, nervures brown; metathorax and scutel each with three raised lines, two superior spines of the former whitish at tip, decurved ; inferior spine larger, black, tarsi testaceous at tip ; anterior tibize testaceous on the inner side ; tergum polished ; lateral abbreviated line of the first segment much more distinct than that of the second.
Length nearly one-fourth of an inch.
GORYTES Latr.
G. BIPUNCTATUS.—Black, collar and scutel with a white line; tergum with two white spots.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Hypostoma silvery white; basal joint of the antennz before, exterior base of the mandibles and palpi, white ; line of the collar capillary of the scutel broader, abbreviated ; [$39] wings hyaline, nervures fuscous; pleura with a small dot before the wing; feet black ; tibie sericeous, white on the exterior base; tarsi white ; tergum, second segment at tip each side with a small white spot.
‘Length three-tenths of an inch.
This species corresponds in its generic characters precisely with
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 229
Arpacius Jurine, and of course possesses those oblique parallel lines of the metathorax which Jurine mentions as distinguishing this genus.
PEMPHREDON Latr. Fabr.
1. P. concotor.—Black, minutely punctured; metathorax with dilated punctures ; abdomen glabrous.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head with minute pubescence, more distinct on the front; mandibles obtusely bifid at tip, immediately above which are two obtuse teeth; punctures minute, sparse on the vertex; thorax with a slightly impressed, longitudinal line, from which proceed numerous, minute wrinkles, curving outwards and backwards, punctures larger than those of the head; wings slightly fuligin- ous, nervures blackish; metathorax with dilated punctures, or slightly impressed cavities; feet somewhat sericeous; abdomen polished, impunctured ; petiole moderate.
Length of the body nearly seven-twentieths of an inch.
This is allied to P. unicolor Fabr.
2. P. rvonNATUS.—Black, immaculate, punctured ; abdomen impunctured, polished; petiole nearly one-third the length of the abdomen.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Wings hyaline, very slightly tinged with dusky, the [840] first submarginal cellule receives the two recurrent nervures ; nervures dark fuscous: stigma rather large.
Length less than three-tenths of an inch.
STIGMUS Jur. Latr.
S. FRATERNUS.—Black, antenne and feet yellowish.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body deep black, polished, not obviously punctured; mandi- bles and palpi whitish; wings hyaline, nervures pale brown, stigma piceous-black, whitish at base; origin of the wings yel- lowish ; pleura with a white spot rather before the origin of the wings; feet immaculate ; venter whitish at tip.
Length rather more than three-twentieths of an inch.
This species is in the collection of Mr. William W. Wood. It is closely allied to the ater of authors, the petiole of the ab- domen, however, is proportionally longer.
230 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
CRABRO Fabr. Latr.
1. C. trprALiIs.—Black, polished ; thoracic line, scutel, knees, and tibize, yellow; abdomen with piceous incisures.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Q Head with a slightly impressed frontal line, extending to the stemmata; antennze, basal joint yellow; hypostoma silvery, brilliant ; thorax with a transverse, yellow line on the collar, not extending to the postpectus; scutel yellow; wings hyaline; ner- vures fuscous, those of the disk pale at base; metathorax slightly carinated each side with a longitudinal, impressed line, which is a little dilated beyond the middle, and a slight transverse line on the middle; [341] pleura immaculate; tarsi slightly tinged with testaceous ; posterior pair entirely black; abdomen rather long, blackish-piceous ; incisures edged behind with pale-piceous, the second segment above margined behind with pale-piceous.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
A small species in the collection of Mr. William W. Wood.
2. C. scuTELLATUS.—Black, polished; thoracic line, scutel, knees, and tibie, yellow; abdomen totally black.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Length 2 one-fifth of an inch.
This species closely resembles the preceding, but is smaller ; the abdomen proportionally shorter, and entirely black; the yel- low line of the collar extends to a yellow spot at the commence- ment of the pleura; the transverse line of the metathorax is much more profoundly indented, and a transverse punctured line is far more obvious than in the preceding; the intermediate and posterior tibiz have a black spot near the tip.
3. C. 6-MAcULATUS.—Black ; tergum with three yellow spots on each side.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
@ Antenne, basal joint yellow; mandibles at base yellow; hypostoma silvery, brilliant; thorax with a yellow band on the collar, interrupted in the middle ; two parallel, abbreviated, trans- verse, equal, yellow lines behind ; wings dusky ; pleura with two, equal, rounded, yellow spots, one of which is beneath the supe- rior wing and the other before it ; thighs black, knees yellowish ; tibie yellow with a black or piceous spot on the inner side; tarsi
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 231
tinged with rufous ; tergum on the second, fourth and fifth seg- ments with a transversely oval spot. [342] Length three-tenths of an inch.
4. C. TRIFASCIATUS.—Black : scutel, two spots on the collar, base of the antenn and lateral spots of the tergum, yellow.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body with numerous, short hairs; hypostoma silvery; first joint of the antennz and middle of the mandibles, yellow ; thorax punctured ; collar with two yellow spots; seutel yellow; meta- thorax with dilated, confluent punctures, and an impressed longi- tudinal line ; wings fuliginous, nervures brown; pectus with a yellow spot before the wings; feet yellow, thighs, and a line on the inner side of the tibia, black; tarsi dusky at tip; tergum polished, impunctured ; a yellow band on the middle of the second segment interrupted above: a short yellow line each side of the third segment; a yellow band on the fourth segment, slightly interrupted above ; a yellow band on the fifth segment, not interrupted but only slightly emarginate above; venter im- maculate.
Length two-fifths of an inch nearly.
PHILANTHUS Fabr. Latr.
1. P. puncratus.—Black ; head and thorax with yellow spots; tergum with large punctures and four yellow bands.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
%, Hyes very slightly emarginate ; a longitudinal line each side of the hypostoma, a triangular spot on the middle of the anterior margin, another on the front, a small rounded spot on the basal joint of the antennz before, a small dot each side on the vertex, and another behind each eye, yellowish-rufous; thorax uneven, with large profound punctures: a line on the collar, another on the scutel, before [343] which is a smaller one, and wing-scale, yellow; wings fuliginous ; pleura with a double yellow spot be- neath the anterior wing: feet honey-yellow, thighs black at base, tibie bright yellow before; tergum rough with large profound punctures; first segment rounded, immaculate; second with a broad, yellow, slightly arcuated line, touching the anterior edge and curving towards the posterior angles ; third, fourth and fifth segments, each with a narrow, dull yellow band on the posterior margin; venter immaculate.
232 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
Length less than two-fifths of an inch. 2. P. pouirus. [Ante, p. 113.]
,CERCERIS Lair.
C. pESERTA.—Black ; hypostoma, feet, and bands of the ter- gum, yellow. [$44]
Inhabits North-west Territory, Missouri, and Pennsylvania.
% Hypostoma entirely yellow; antennz yellow before, dark brown behind; collar with two transverse yellow spots; scutel with a transverse line, yellow; wings hyaline, brownish on the costal margin near the tip ; feet yellow; anterior thighs black on the posterior middle, intermediate thighs on the posterior base and posterior thighs at tip, black; tergum, first joint rounded with a spot each side; second and third segments with each a band on the posterior margins slightly and widely emarginate before, remaining segments with each a narrower band on their posterior margins, yellow; venter, three or four first segments with each a lateral, triangular, yellow spot.
Length more than two-fifths of an inch.
Var. a, metathorax with a yellow, oblique line each side be- hind ; first joint of the tergum immaculate.
Var. 8. metathorax and first joint of the tergum immaculate ; bands of the tergum excepting the first, very narrow, linear ; ventral spots obsolete; feet with a larger proportion of the black color.
Var. ». a small yellow spot each side before the tip of the scutellar line.
EUMENES Latr.
1. E. rraternNa.—Black ; hypostoma, anterior thoracic mar- gin, scutellar line, posterior submargins of the segments of the tergum, and two spots on the second segment, yellow.
Inhabits United States.
Body polished, punctured; hypostoma emarginate, and with a line between the antennz, pale yellow; antenna, [845] basal Joint with a whitish line before; thorax with the anterior mar- gin somewhat contracted in the middle, yellow; scutel yellow ; wings fuliginous ; thighs black, yellowish at the knee joint; tibie whitish, a black line near the tip; tarsi pale yellowish, dusky towards the tip; tergum, first segment with a subbidentate yel-
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 233
low band on the posterior margin ; second segment with a yellow band on the posterior submargin somewhat sinuated before, and an oval, oblique, yellow spot on the middle of each side; third and fourth segments with each an abbreviated, whitish, submarginal line behind ; venter with a spot at tip of the first segment, and a sub- marginal band on the second behind.
Length from nine-twentieths to more than three-fifths of an inch.
Var. a. Spot on the second segment of the tergum elliptical.
Var. 6. A pale yellowish spot on each side of the scutel, and nearly in a line with it.
This species is very closely allied to the coarctata Fabr. of Kurope, but the whole of the hypostoma is yellow, the line be- tween the antennz being only a process from it; there is no yel- low point beneath the wings; none on the first segment of the tergum; and the bands on the third and fourth segments are always much abbreviated, never extending to the sides or upon the venter.
Like the coarctata, this species constructs for each of its eggs a hollow globe of earth, with a short ascending neck, the rim of which is sometimes widely outspread horizontally ; it is often built around a twig of a bush for support, as represented by Degeer, (Hist. abrégée des Insectes, vol. 2, pl. 16, fig. e.) some- times the nest occurs simply attached to the superior page of a leaf. The egg deposited in this globe in June, is inclosed with a suflicient supply of food, [846] consisting of the larvae: of some of the nocturnal Lepidoptera. Early in July or towards the middle of that month, the perfect insect makes its way through the side of its dwelling. The form of the first segment of the abdomen of our species, is similar to that of Schaeffer's represen- tation of his Vespa nona, (Icon. vol. 1, pl. 53, fig. 10,) which is proportionally much smaller than in Degeer’s figure of the coare- tata. This species is found as well in Pennsylvania as in the North-west Territory snd Missouri.
2. HE. VERTICALIS.—Black ; hypostoma above, anterior tho- racic margin, scutellar line, posterior submargins of the abdomi- nal segments, and spot each side on the first and second segments, yellow; metathorax with a vertical spot each side at tip.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
234 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
This species differs from the preceding in the following cha- racters ; anterior portion of the hypostoma with a deeply trilobated black spot; superior wing-scale rufous; a small yellowish spot beneath the superior wing, and a yellowish line over the insertion of the inferior wing; a vertical, oblong, yellow spot each side near the inferior tip of the metathorax; a small spot each side on the first segment of the tergum, and the yellow margin is re- flected backwards on the lateral edge for a short distance; the spot of the second segment is elongated, and the bands of the third and fourth segments pass round the venter. Size about equal to the preceding, and seems to be allied to the pomp¢formis
Fabr.
3. E. AnorMis.—Black ; first abdominal segment very short and dilated.
Inhabits St. Peter’s river and Arkansa.
% Antenne with the scapus yellow before ; hypostoma attenu- ated, truncate at tip, with large, longitudinal punctures, and at base a transverse, yellow, arcuated line, a [ 847] small spot on the front, another in each emargination of the eyes, and a trans- verse one behind the eyes on each side, yellow; thorax densely punctured, a yellow spot on each side of the collar; wing-scale yellow, with a pale-brown spot; wings fuliginous; seutel with a transverse yellow line; metathorax on each lateral margin with an oblique yellow line; pleura, a yellow spot under the superior wing ; feet yellow; thighs, except at the knees, and spot on the an- terior tibiz, black; tergum, segments yellow on their posterior margins, first and second segments with each a yellow, lateral spot, the former segment short, dilated, not pedunculiform ; ven- ter immaculate.
Length more than seven-twentieths of an inch.
Excepting in the character drawn from the first segment of the abdomen, this insect has a general similarity to the preceding species, and the form of the anterior portion of the hypostoma and the trophi, prove that this species is properly placed in this genus.
PTEROCHILUS Klug. P. 5-rascratus.—Segments of the tergum yellow on their posterior margins; first and second segments with a lateral, fer- ruginous spot on each.
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 235
Inhabits North-west Territory and Missouri.
Q@ Head black ; dilated posterior orbits, and anterior orbits to the emargination of the eyes, ferruginous; hypostoma, scapus of the antennze and mandibles, ferruginous; tip of the former acutely emarginate in the middle ; flagellum black-brown ; labial palpi testaceous, very long, ciliate with long hairs, three-jointed ; terminal joint much compressed, flat, obtuse at tip; stethidium black ; collar and wing-seale ferruginous ; scutel with two large yellow [848] spots; metathorax with a transverse, yellow line, and at the base each side a large ferruginous spot ; wings a little fuliginous ; pleura with a yellow spot beneath the superior wings ; feet ferruginous; tergum black, with five broad, bright yellow, somewhat dentated bands, the posterior one abbreviated ; first and second segments with each a large ferruginous spot on each side; venter black, ferruginous at base.
Length more than seven-tenths of an inch.
ODYNERUS Latr.
O. ANNULATUS.—Segments of the tergum yellow on their pos- terior margins; first and second segments with a lateral, ferru- ginous spot on each.
Inhabits North-west Territory and Missouri.
*, Head black ; hypostoma yellowish, truncate at tip, and with a small denticle each side; a large triangular spot on the front, front of the scapus of the antennze, mandibles, and anterior or- bits to the bottom of the emargination of the eye, yellowish ; posterior orbit above with a ferruginous spot ; antenna, terminal joint very much compressed, ferruginous, and reflected outward and backward on the two preceding joints; stethidium black ; collar and wing scale ferruginous ; scutel with two yellow spots ; metathorax with a transverse, yellow line, and at the base each side a large ferruginous spot; wings a little fuliginous ; pleura with a yellow or ferruginous spot beneath the superior wings ; feet ferruginous ; tergum black with six broad, bright yellow bands ; first segment ferruginous excepting the posterior margin, with a black spot in the middle; second segment with a large ferruginous spot each side, in which is a smaller yellow spot; venter black, ferruginous [349] at base ; posterior segments with yellow posterior margins.
Length more than half an inch.
236 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
9 First and second joints of the antennz ferruginous; tergum with five yellow bands ; first and second segments ferruginous, with yellow posterior margins, the latter segment with a large yel- low spot each side, and more or less of black in the middle.
Size very little larger than the male.
The very striking similarity in markings between this species and the Prerochilus 5-fasciatus, led me at first to consider it the male of that species, but having several specimens, on submitting them to a more accurate inspection, I discovered that one of the number is a female nearly corresponding in size with the others, and agreeing with them in the form of the termination of the hy- postoma and in the ventral bands, which specifically distinguish this species from that just mentioned.
NOMIA Latr.
N.? HETEROPODA.—Hairy, blackish-fuscous ; wings blackish at tip; posterior tibia much dilated, triangular; terminal joint of the antenne compressed, dilated.
‘ Inhabits North-west Territory, Arkansa, and Maryland.
%, Body blackish-fuscous, with cinereous hair ; antenne hardly as long as the thorax, terminal joint compressed and dilated on tht inner side, subsecuriform ; mandibles unarmed ; wings slightly tinged with dirty yellowish, with a broad, blackish, terminal bor- der, neryures reddish-brown ; intermediate feet with the thighs very much dilated, compressed, triangular, first joint of the tarsus dilated, and compressed before ; posterior feet with the thighs [350] dilated, particularly towards the tip; tibiaremarkably dilated, forming a rectangular triangle, much compressed, excepting at the inner tip, and undulated on the inner side, first joint of the tarsus elongated, much longer than the tibia, not dilated, densely ciliated on the inner side with equal, fulvous hair; venter sparse- ly hairy; fourth segment divided by a longitudinal suture in the middle, at the posterior angles prominent, acute; fifth segment short, longitudinally carinated in the middle, and with a promi- nent tubercle each side behind; sixth segment longitudinally divided in the middle by a suture.
Length seven-tenths of an inch.
This singular insect does not perfectly correspond in character with the genus under which I have placed it, and it disagrees still more with the neighboring genera as defined in the books.
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
bo co “aI
PANURGUS Panz.
P. 8-MAcuLATUS—Black ; tergum with four, transverse, yel- low spots on each side.
Inhabits United States. ,
*, Hypostoma, labrum, mandibles at base, inferior part of the anterior orbits, yellow; antennz brown, yellowish beneath and bright yellow on the anterior side of the basal joint; thorax slightly tinged with brassy, a small yellow point each side on the collar ; pleura with a yellow spot before the wings ; wings slight- ly dusky, pale at base, nervures fuscous; feet yellow, middle of the thighs and posterior middle of the tibize blackish ; posterior feet blackish-brown, knees and base of the thighs yellow ; tergum dark brown, four first segments each with a transverse, yellow spot. [351 |
Length more than one-fifth of an inch.
9 Hypostoma with three, longitudinal, yellow spots, of which the intermediate one is longest; orbits on the anterior inferior portion with a triangular yellow spot; antenne, basal joint entire- ly black : spots of the tergum less elongated than those of the male and the feet have more of the black color.
Length rather over one-fourth of an inch.
MEGACHILE Latr.
1. M. 1nrerrupTa.—Thorax surrounded by ferruginous ; ter- gum five banded.
Inhabits Missouri.
*, Body punctured, above glabrous; head black; antenna first joint at base and third and fourth joints dull rufous; hypostoma, broad frontal orbits, and mandibles at base, yellow ; vertex with a ferruginous band, interrupted in the middle and extending down the cheeks; labrum rufous, a small black spot at base ; thorax black, surrounded by a ferruginous margin, which is in- terrupted before, and passes upon the posterior margin of the scutel; wings fuliginous; pleura with cinereous hair beneath the wings ; feet rufous, tarsi with yellow hair ; tergum convex, black, with dilated, obscure, rufous, scarcely definite bands, five in number, on each of which, excepting the basal one, is another yellow band emarginate each side behind, and the three posterior ones are interrupted in the middle; anus trilobated; lobes yel-
238 _ LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
low, intermediate one small; posterior coxe each with a robust yellow spine ; venter with transverse bands of long, dense, yel- low hair.
Length nearly two-fifths of an inch.
? The black color of the front extends down upon the [352] middle of the hypostoma nearly to its tip; the rufous color on the basal joints of the antennze is obsolete; labrum black on the disk ; mandibles black, excepting a small, rufous spot at base; the three last bands of the tergum are destitute of any rufous color about them ; venter densely covered with hair: mandibles, as in the male, three-toothed ; posterior coxze unarmed.
Length about the same as the male, but more robust.
2. M. EMARGINATA.—Black ; a band on each abdominal seg- ment, slightly interrupted in the middle, and emarginated each side before.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body punctured, above glabrous; head with a small yellow dot each side of the vertex; mandibles five-toothed ; thorax with a small, whitish spot before the wings; wing-scale whitish, with a brown spot; a whitish spot on the posterior angles, forming a curve with two whitish spots on the scutel; wings hyaline, ner- vures fuscous ; feet black, a dilated whitish line on the exterior side of the tibia, tarsi with dull yellowish hair; tergum convex, a whitish band on each segment, very slightly interrupted in the middle, and, excepting the first one, deeply emarginated each side before, the terminal segment with two rounded spots instead of a band.
Length less than seven-twentieths of an inch.
3. M. sugaTor1A.—Black ; a band on each abdominal seg- ment, interrupted in the middle and entire each side.
Inhabits Missouri.
@ Body punctured, above nearly glabrous; head with a yel- low line on the superior part of the cheeks; hypostoma with a dilated, yellow line, which extends upon the anterior orbits nearly to their summit; thorax with a widely interrupted line before, extending round above the wings, [ 853 ] and two oblique lines upon the scutel, yellow; wings fuliginous ; feet blackish, with dull rufous joints, and tarsal hair; anterior feet before dull rufous; tergum, bands yellow, not at all emarginated each side,
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 23
40¢e
the basal band widely interrupted, second band less widely inter- rupted, the penultimate one hardly interrupted, the ultimate one entire.
Length about seven-twentieths of an inch.
That these three species are congeneric is evident, but they do not correspond in all respects with the genus Megachile as de- fined by entomologists. The trophi agree very well, and the form of the nails of the feet in the two sexes are also similar, but the tergum is convex, as in Osmia, and the abdomen curves very much downwards towards the tip, as in Ste/is, from which latter genus they differ by having a hairy venter.
CAELIOXYS Latr.
C. 8-pentata.—Black ; abdomen with five white bands, tip eight-toothed.
Inhabits United States.
% Front and hypostoma with dense, long, dull yellowish hair ; thorax with a dentated band before, interrupted in the middle, a spot at the base of the wings and a transverse line at base of the scutel, white; wings a little dusky on the apical margin; feet rufous; tergum with five white bands, of which the two or three terminal ones are double; segments each with a transverse in- dented line; tip with eight teeth, of which two are on each side, and four at the extremity placed two above and two beneath ; venter with a white line on the posterior margin of each segment, the basal and terminal ones obsolete. [354]
Length two-fifths of an inch.
Var. a. Spots and lines of the thorax obsolete; feet excepting the tarsi, black.
This is an inhabitant of various parts of the United States, from the North-west Territory to Arkansa, and is common in Pennsylvania.
NOMADA Fabr.
N. BIstGNATA.—Terminal half of the wings with a dusky margin; abdomen rufous, with a bright yellow spot each side of the middle.
Inhabits United States.
? Head ferruginous, front with a large, black spot, confluent
240 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
with another transverse one on the vertex; occiput and throat black ; antenne blackish, beneath rufous; stethidium black, varied with ferruginous, and like the head rough with dense punctures; thorax ferruginous, with a longitudinal black line; scutel ferruginous; feet rufous; thighs black at base; wings dusky, particularly on the margin of the terminal half; tergum rufous, the segments on their posterior margins, and the basal segment at base also black ; second segment with a large, lateral, yellow spot, and a slight appearance of another on each side of the third segment.
Length rather more than three-tenths of an inch.
This species varies in having the thorax black, with four fer- ruginous lines.
EPEOLUS Lair.
1. E. punatus.—Tergum with two opposite lunules on the first segment, and three bands on the other segments. [355 |
Inhabits Missouri and Prairie du Chien.
9 Body black; front with a whitish spot surrounding the base of each antennee; antennz black-brown, three basal joints and labrum ferruginous; thorax with two abbreviated, whitish, longitudinal lines before the middle, a pale yellowish line on the collar, another over the wings, passing round behind above the sceutel, a double line beneath the scutel, and an oblique sagittate spot each side on the metathorax, also pale yellowish; wings a little fuliginous ; feet rufous; thighs blackish in the middle ; tergum velvet-black ; first segment with an angulated lunule on each side, and a subterminal band on each side of the three fol- lowing segments, of which the first is very slightly interrupted ; terminal segment with a slight, oblique, cinereous spot on each side.
*, Anterior half of the thorax with much of the pale yellow- ish color; bands of the tergum larger than those of the female and one more in number, feet nearly all blackish.
Length half an inch.
Smaller than H. 4-fasciatus nobis, but much larger than Z. mercatus Fabr.
2. HK. scUTELLARIS.—Thorax surrounded by ferruginous ; pos- terior spines dilated.
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 241
Inhabits Middle States. ? Body deep black, densely punctured ; front with a white spot surrounding the base of each antennze ; antennz black-brown, three basal joints and mandibles rufous; thorax with the collar, obsolete line over the wings, dilated posterior teeth and scutel
ferruginous ; wings dusky on the terminal margin; feet rufous ; tergum black-brown ; two distant bands on the first segment, of which the first is obsolete, and the other is interrupted in the middle, second [356] and third segments each with a band on their posterior margins, pale yellow ; remaining bands indistinct.
Length from three-tenths to nearly seven-twentieths of an inch.
Much smaller than the preceding, and about equal in size to FE. mercatus Fabr., from which it differs by various characters, and particularly by the much more dilated form of the posterior thoracic teeth. During rainy or windy weather, this insect secures itself to the edge of a leaf or to the small branch of a bush, by its mandibles, retracts the feet to the body, and projects the antennee forwards.
ORDER DIPTERA.
ANOPHELES Meig. Wied.
A. 4-MACULATUS.—Pale brownish ; wings with four fuscous spots.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Thorax dull cinereous; two oblique, brown lines confluent be- hind and reaching the posterior edge; a broad, lateral, brown line also extending the whole length of the thorax; wings hyaline, the nervures hairy, forming two blackish spots near the middle, placed longitudinally ; and two others nearer the tip on the bi- furcations of the nervures, placed transversely ; scutel dull ochreous, dusky in the middle; feet black-brown, incisures at tip of the thighs and of the tibize, yellowish ; tergum whitish, a little varied with dusky.
Length ? to the tip of the wings more than three-tenths of an inch. [ 357 ]
Closely allied to the maculipennis Hgg. I have not seen the male. Wiedemann informs me that my Cu/ex punctipennis is a true Anopheles, an observation which I haye found to be correct.
16
242. LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
I described that insect in the year 1819, before any account of that new genus had reached this country, otherwise I certainly should have adopted it.
LASIOPTERA Meigen.
L. VENTRALIS.—Body blackish-brown; antenne 18-jointed, hairy, joints subglobular, rather transverse, and placed close to each other, basal joint whitish; thorax and tergum immaculate ; feet whitish, exterior side of the tibiae blackish ; tarsi blackish, first joint very short; venter whitish in the middle; wings with a narrow, blackish, costal margin, which is gradually narrowed to the tip.
@ Length rather more than one-twentieth of an inch.
I caught this species in the garden of the University of Penn- sylvania.
CECIDOMYTA ITatr.
©. ORNATA.—Carneous ; wings spotted.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body varies in color from a very pale flesh color to a deep red ; antenne and feet whitish ; wings with five or six dusky spots oc- casioned by the greater density of the hair of the surface in those parts.
Length to the tip of the wings nearly one-tenth of an inch.
This is most probably the prettiest species of the genus ; [358] it occurred on a window in Philadelphia on the 13th of Septem-
ber. PSYCHODA Latr.
P. ALTERNATA.—Wings acute at tip, with a small black spot at the tips of the nervures.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body pale yellowish-white ; abdomen dusky; wings ovate- lanceolate, acute at tip, cinereous with an obsolete pale band on the middle and base; the alternate nervures of the posterior margin at their tips and the tips of the nervures of the anterior margin with a black spot; spots of the posterior margin more distinct.
Length to the tip of the wings more than one-tenth of an inch.
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 243
A very common little insect, even in Philadelphia. It may be readily distinguished from other species by its more acute wings, as well as by the arrangement of the spots and bands, however obsolete, which exist on these organs.
LIMNOBIA Meig.
L. arcus.—Yellowish-white ; head black; wings ocellate and marbled with blackish.
Inhabits North-west Territory. +
Antenne moniliform ; thorax pale yellow-piceous, whitish near the neck ; wings hyaline, with a double series of large, pupilate ocellz, those near the tip confused ; ultimate nervure furcate ; poisers fuscous, at tip white; coxz whitish; thighs annulate with black near the tip.
Length 4 9 more than three-tenths of an inch. ‘L359 ]
To this species the name of ocellata would perhaps be more appropriate than it is to the Linnean species of that name, inas- much as in the latter the ocelle are epupilate. It is a very pretty insect, and exhibits much singularity in the arrangement of the nervures of its wings, the penultimate and ultimate ner- vures being connected by a transverse nervure which arises from the tip of the latter. In other respects the distribution of the nervures are similar to that of the bifasciata Fabr. Wied.
[This is identical with the European Z. annulata Linn, (L. imperialis Loew; conf. Linn. Ent. 5, tab. 2, fig. 15).— SACKEN. |
TIPULA Linn. Meig.
T. MACULATIPENNIS.—Cinereous; thighs black at tip, wings dusky with white spots.
inhabits North-west Territory.
Antenne yellowish, incisures of the joints dusky ; palpi black- ish ; thorax with two brown, dorsal lines, which are confluent on the anterior margin, attenuated behind, and abbreviated behind the middle; a lateral line slightly interrupted in its middle, and hardly reaching the anterior or posterior margins; scutel dull honey-yellow, with a black line; wings dusky, with a black carpal spot margined with white, three or four white spots along the central neryure, and about as many near the termination of the ultimate nervure; poisers white, dusky at tip; abdomen
244. LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
blackish; incisures edged with whitish; thighs with a very ob-
vious blackish tip. Length to tip of the wing seven-tenths of an inch.
PTYCHOPTERA Meig.
P. 4-rascraTA.—Wings hyaline, with four brown bands.
TInhabits Pennsylvania. [ 365 |
Head and thorax blackish-brown ; antennze, palpi, mouth, and hypostoma, except near the base of the antenne, whitish ; wings with four brown, subequidistant bands, of which the third reaches the inner margin and the others are abbreviated ; pleura, pectus, and feet, yellowish white; the incisures of the latter dusky.
Length to the tip of the wings nearly half an inch.
This species is infested by a parasite of the genus Ocypete. Tt occurred in June.
TRICHOCERA Meig.
T. SCUTELLATA.—Dark fuscous ; scutel whitish.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Palpi blackish; thorax slightly tinged with livid; anterior angles and neck segments dull yellowish-piceous ; scutel dull whitish ; wings immaculate, whitish at base; poisers white, with a fuscous capitulum ; coxze, and thighs at base, dull yellowish.
$ ¢ Length of the body three-twentieths of an inch.
Taken in September at the Falls of Kakabikka, beyond Lake Superior. The posterior margin only of the scutel is dall yel- lowish-white in the male. This species seems to be closely allied to 7. parva Meig.
PLATYURA Meig. CEROPLATUS Bosc, Fabr.
P. FASCIPENNIS.—Thorax yellowish; wings with a blackish subterminal band.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head yellowish; disk of the vertex black; thorax immaeu- late; wings hyaline, with a blackish band near the [361] tip, hardly reaching the inner edge, and margined with an obsoletely whiter color than the other parts of the wing; poisers color of the thorax ; coxa and thighs whitish; tergum blackish-testace-
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 245
ous; venter blackish, segments dull yellowish on their posterior and lateral margins ; abdomen slender at base, gradually dilating behind.
9 Length rather more than one-fifth of an inch.
The wing nervures are arranged as in P. baumhaucri Meig. It is probably closely allied to the carbonaria of Bose, which, however, is described to be altogether of the same form as the typuloides Bosc, to have a black thorax and obscure feet ; whereas ours is a much more slender insect than the tipuloides as repre- sented by Coquebert.
SCIOPHILA Hee.
1. S. patiipes.—Brownish-black, with gray short hairs; an- tennze and feet whitish.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antenne (at least the two basal joints) yellowish-white ; tho- rax with numerous scattered, short, gray hairs, which are fewer in number and more prominent behind; wings dusky ; poisers elongated, yellow-white, at base dusky; feet yellow-white ; abdo- men with numerous prostrate, short, gray hairs.
* Length to tip of the wings nearly one-fifth of an inch.
The nervures of the wings correspond with those of S. hirta Hee.
2. 8. tirroraLis.—Pale yellowish; thorax trilineate ; abdo- men fasciate with fuscous ; feet dusky at tip.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Vertex and a line extending down between the antennze upon the hypostoma, blackish ; antennz dusky, two basal [ 362 ] joints yellowish ; thorax with a double, brown, middle line, attenuated and abbreviated behind, and a brown approximate line on each side abbreviated before; a small fascicle of hairs beneath each wing, and a dusky spot over the insertion of each foot; wings immaculate ; poisers yellowish-white ; abdomen slender at base, gradually dilating towards the tip, dull-yellowish, hairy; inci- sures and tip dusky; feet dull-yellowish, towards their tips dusky.
Length of the body three-twentieths of an inch.
I obtained this species on the rocky coast of Lake Superior, in a thicket of small bushes. The nervures of the wings corres-
246 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION,
pond with those of Asindulum punctatum Latr., excepting that the second nervure is not at all connected with the first nervure, but curves downward at tip and enters the intermediate cellule before the middle, and the ultimate and penultimate abbreviated nervures are distinct ; it is a much smaller species than the fasciata nob., the nervures of which agree better with the preceding spe- cies, but its connecting nervure from the second neryure enters the intermediate cellule at the middle.
3. 8. HiRTICOLLIS.—Yellowish-white; thorax hairy; tergum black, with pale yellowish bands.
inhabits North-west Territory.
Head black; hypostoma, mouth and trophi whitish; antenns black-brown, the four basal joints yellow, with a dark brown spot above on the third and fourth; thorax with rather numerous, somewhat long, black hairs; three dilated, brownish-livid lines, the intermediate one abbreviated and attenuated behind, and the lateral ones attenuated’ before; wings a little dusky, the inter- mediate cellule appearing to the eye like a small, black spot ; poisers whitish ; pleura with a brownish-livid spot over the in- termediate and posterior feet; feet dusky towards the tip, the cox [863] with strong, black hairs on the exterior side and tip ; tergum black, with black, rather long hairs ; segments with broad, yellowish hind margins ; tip black.
Length of the body three-twentieths of an inch.
The wing nervures resemble those of S. littoralis nob., but the abbreviated nervures are very strongly marked; the second ner- vure is connected with the first, and by a transverse nervure with the intermediate cellule opposite to the middle; the cellule is also connected with the central, furcate nervure, by a nervure as perfectly transverse as that of S. vitripennis Meig.
4. S. prrascrata.—Dark yellowish ; wings bifasciate.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head black; antennze fuscous; hypostoma yellow, near the antenn blackish; palpi whitish at base, dusky towards the tip ; thorax honey-yellow; two oblique, black lines confluent behind, and not reaching the posterior margin; a black line above each wing, joining on the posterior margin and meeting the oblique lines at the anterior angles; wings hyaline with two blackish
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 247
bands more obvious at the costal margin, one of which is near the middle, widely interrupted on the disk, and the other near the tip; metathorax black; feet white-yellow at base, dusky towards the tip.
Length to tip of the wings nearly two-fifths of an inch.
A large and handsome species. The wing nervures agree with those of Asindulum punctatum Latr., excepting that the second nervure is continued a short distance beyond its transverse ner- vure, which latter enters the intermediate cellule at the basal angle.
5. S. opLtIquA.—Pale yellowish; thorax four lined; tergum fasciate.
Inhabits North-west Territory. [ 364 ]
Head black; hypostoma and base of the antennz yellow ; thorax with two oblique, fuscous lines confluent at the mid- dle of the base; and a dilated fuscous line each side, much ab- breviated before and hardly reaching the basal edge; wings slightly tinged with dusky, immaculate; poisers white; feet white, dusky towards the tip; tergum, segments with blackish posterior margins; last segments entirely blackish ; anal segment yellow.
Length % nearly one-fifth of an inch.
The wing nervures are arranged altogether like those of Astn- dulum punctatum Latr. Closely allied to S. fasciata nobis, but may be distinguished by the narrow, oblique lines of the thoracic disk.
LEIA Meig.
LL. VENTRALIS.—Deep black, polished ; wings fasciate near the tip, feet yellowish.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head a little hairy; palpi and three basal joints of the an- tenne yellowish; remaining joints of the latter fuscous; thorax with sparse hairs; a whitish humeral spot; wings hyaline with a dusky band near the tip, which does not reach the thinner margin, and a dusky tinge or line between the ultimate and penultimate nervures; poisers with a fuscous capitulum and yellowish stipes ; feet yellowish-white ; tarsi dusky; tergum hairy ; venter pale yellowish.
248 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
s, Length of the body nearly three-twentieths of an inch, to tip of the wings more than one-fifth of an inch.
This species is closely allied to the bimaculata Meig., with which it also corresponds in the position of the stemmata and the arrangement of the wing nervures, even to the dislocation of the superior branch of the inferior furcate nervure. [ 365 |
MYCETOPHILA Meig.
1. M. srricEA.—Head and thorax sericeous; the latter dusky, margined with yellowish.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head blackish, with a yellowish sericeous gloss; antenne fuscous, two basal joints and palpi yellowish ; thorax sericeous, blackish on the disk, dull yellowish each side and on the anterior edge; wings immaculate, nervures fuscous ; poisers and feet yel- lowish-white ; tarsi and spines fuscous, the latter half the length of the first tarsal joint; coxee yellowish-white, with a few short, black, rigid hairs on the exterior sides and tip, particularly the anterior pair ; abdomen compressed, dusky above; sides dull yel- lowish on the tips of the segments.
% Q Length to tip of the abdomen one-fifth of an inch.
The wing nervures are arranged as in M. fasciata Meig., ex- cepting that there are three abbreviated nervures, as in WV. late- ralis of the same author.
2. M. MAcuLIPENNIS.—Yellowish; thorax trilineate; wings three-spotted. .
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body pale yellowish; vertex dusky; thorax with a double fuscous line attenuated and abbreviated behind, but near the middle ; and a larger line on each side abbreviated before, con- fluent behind, extending upon the scutel; a spot of the same color above the insertion of the wings; pleura with about two dusky spots, one over the insertion of each of the posterior feet ; wings with three blackish spots on the costal margin, of which one is on the middle ; the second much beyond the middle, obso- letely extended into an undulated band; the third is near the tip; feet [3866] dusky at tip and on the posterior thighs near the knees ; tergum with blackish bands.
Length of the body nearly one-fifth of an inch.
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. 249
A very pretty species; the wing nervures are like those of M. fasciata Meig. The antennx in my specimen are deficient. Found on the coast of Lake Superior in a thick growth of bushes.
SCIARA Meig. Moxtosrus Latr.
1. S. arrata.—Entirely deep black, polished, immaculate ; wings dusky, iridescent; nervures dark fuscous ; poisers black ; thorax in a particular light somewhat pruinose; abdomen opaque, with short black hairs; spines of the tibia rather longer than the transverse diameter of the tibia.
Inhabits North-west territory.
% Length to tip of wings less than one-fifth of an inch.
The nervures of the wings agree with those of S. thome Fabr. This seems to be very closely allied to S. nigra Wied., an in- habitant of South Carolina, but the thorax in a particular light exhibits a grayish reflection, a character which Wiedemann attri- butes to the antennz only in his species. The antennx are de- ficient in my specimen.
2. S. porira.—Deep black, polished; poisers whitish ; feet yellowish at base.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body with numerous short hairs which are slightly sericeous ; eyes without interval above the antenne; wings dusky, pale yel- lowish at base; poisers whitish; feet dusky towards the tip ; cox and thighs yellowish-white.
@ Length of the body less than three-twentieths of an inch.
The abdomen and thorax are both highly polished. [ 367 |
3. 8. FRATERNA.—Deep black, polished ; abdomen black-brown, opaque; base of the poisers, and feet pale yellowish.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antenne dark fuscous, with dense grayish hair; eyes in con- tact above the antennz ; thorax polished ; wings dusky, pale yel- lowish at base ; poisers with a yellowish scapus and fuscous capit- ulum ; feet dusky towards the tip; abdomen fuscous, opake.
9 Length of the body one-tenth of an inch, $ smaller.
4. 8. ex1gvuA—Black ; thorax piceous at the anterior angles ; poisers whitish at base; feet whitish, dusky at tip.
250 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antenne: fuscous, with dark gray hairs; wings a little dusky nervures fuscous; poisers elongated, whitish, capitulum fuscous ; abdomen fuscous, opaque.
4 Length of the body one-twentieth of an inch.
y A little larger, with the base of the feet and of the poisers of 2 darker shade than those of the male.
SCATOPSE.
S. ATRATA.—Deep velvet black; tarsi pale; tip of the an- tennz abruptly compressed.
Inhabits Pennsplvania.
Body hardly polished and nearly opaque, immaculate; poisers color of the body; wings hyaline ; marginal nervures but little more than half the length of the wing, fuscous ; furcate nervure attaining the tip; below the furcate nervure are two parallel ner- yures which do not reach the margin; beneath the latter is the ordinary undulated nervure.
I obtained several specimens which were crawling on the glass of a window, in September, in Philadelphia. The [ 368 ] ner- vures of the wings differ somewhat from those of the S. notata, Linn. Meig.; the marginal nervures do not approach so near the tip of the wing, and instead of a single nervure between the forked nervure and the undulated nervure, as in the noéata, this species has two.
BIBIO Latr. Meig.
B. Tuoracica.—Black ; thighs rufous.
Inhabits Hast Florida.
Body black, somewhat polished ; thorax bright yellowish-ru- tous, with a small black spot on each side of the scutel; collar, scutel, and metathorax black; spines of the anterior tibie pice- ous, the exterior one much larger; wings fuscous; the fourth marginal nervure abbreviated, and not attaining to the inner mar- gin.
Length 9 two-fifths of an inch.
This is a very large and fine species. On the thorax is some- times an obsolete brown line.
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. Zi
Loa |
BERIS Latr.
GB. viripis.—Bright green ; tergum black-brown ; venter pale ; feet yellowish.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Head brassy-green polished; antennae obscure yellowish, brownish at tip; proboscis and palpi whitish; stethidium green, polished ; scutel with four yellowish spines ; wings hyaline ; stig- mata large, fuscous ; nervures fuscous, those of the costal margin anterior to the stigmata whitish; central areola destitute of an abbreviated nervure, two nervures passing off from the tip, and a third from very near its base ; poisers white ; feet pale yellowish, tarsi dusky at [369] tip, posterior tibiz fuscous at tip; tergum black-brown, incisures and lateral edge yellowish; venter pale yel- lowish, dusky at base.
Length to the tip of the wings one-fourth of an inch.
This species seems to be allied to the tibialis of Kurope, but the posterior tibia are not very obviously clavated, the central cellule of the wings is destitute of the small abbreviated nervure, and the inferior of the three nervures which radiate from this cellule issues out very nearly from its base, and not from the inferior middle as in that species.
ODONTOMYIA Meig. Latr.
O. VERTEBRATA.—Black ; abdomen white, with dorsal black spots.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Mouth deep black, pale within; hypostoma with an elevated testaceous knob; antennee deep black, terminal joint beneath dusky testaceous ; thorax blackish, with hardly perceptible hairs ; scutel dull testaceous, black at base; tip a little hairy ; spines horizontal, white; wings white; poisers white, with a whitish- glaucous capitulum : feet yellowish-white ; abdomen subquadrate, much depressed, white ; tergum with a series of large black spots almost connected together.
Length % rather morethan three-tenths of an inch.
COENOMYIA LIatr. Meig.
C. paLLipA. [Ante p. 42.]
252 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
THEREVA Latr. [370]
T. FRONTALIS.—Black; thorax with two yellow vitte ; ter- gum annulate with yellow.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head beneath with white hair; antennz, proboscis, and palpi black ; front and vertex dusky yellowish, with a large, deep black, glabrous, polished, transverse, undulated spot ; thorax black, with two yellow lines, or yellow with three black lines ; wings hyaline, tinged with dull yellowish ; nervures fuscous, shghtly margined, and with a carpal spot; scutel yellowish, with a dusky basal spot ; tergum glabrous, polished, the posterior margins of the segments bright yellow, wider upon the sides; pleura and pectus glaucous, the latter hairy ; poisers whitish; with a blackish capitulum; feet black ; tibia excepting at tip dull testaceous ; venter cinereous, changeable, second and third segments with yellowish posterior margins.
Length more than half an inch. [ 371 |
ANTHRAX Latr.
1. A. ALcyon.—Wings brown, a hyaline spot near the middle, another at tip in which are two curved brown lines.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body black, with pale fulvous hair; head yellowish-white, hairs above the antenne black ; tip of the hypostoma prominent, and with black rigid hairs ; antennze black, basal joint yellowish with black hairs ; vertex black ; occiput with a very profoundly impressed line above ; scutel piceous; wings dusky, pale brown on the disk, an obsolete, small, subhyaline spot between the mid- dle and the base; a large, subtriangular, hyaline spot near the middle, a small portion of which is cut off by anervure ; tip with a large, subquadrate-oval, hyaline spot, the two arcuated ner- vures that pass across this spot are margined with blackish ; cen- tral cellule widely bilobated at tip, lobes equally approaching the inner margin, a nervure passes from between the lobes to the edge of the wing, an abbreviated neryure passes from the lobe nearest the base, half way to the inner margin, and another ner- vure connects this lobe with the third nervure so as to form an additional cellule; feet yellowish; tarsi black ; venter pale, two
LONG'S SECOND EXPEDITION. 253
last segments black on the disk; tergum with blackish hair on the incisures.
Length nearly eleven-twentieths of an inch.
This species seems to approach nearest to Wiedemann’s fifth tribe, though the additional cellule will justify its being placed apart; we observed it frequently on St. Peter’s river and on Red river.
2. A. TEGMINIPENNIS.—Black with pale fulvous hair; wings brownish-black, immaculate. [372]
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head yellowish-white below the antenne ; hypostoma promi- nent, with a few rigid black hairs at tip; antenne black, basal joint whitish, with black hair ; front dull fulvous; vertex black; wings entirely brownish-black, without spot; feet pale rufous; tarsi black; tergum with black hairs at the incisures, which on the side alternate with the fulvous ones, but more distinctly so near the tip.
Length from nine-twentieths to half an inch.
This species belongs to Wiedemann’s fifth tribe.
3. A. FULVIANUS.—Black, covered equally with pale yellow- ish hair; wings hyaline, with a narrow, brown, costal margin.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head with dull yellowish, short hairs, intermixed with black ones on the front and hypostoma; thorax densely hairy ; wings hyaline, interval between the two nervures of the costal margin, and base to the first transverse nervure, light brown; feet black, sericeous, with yellowish-fulyous hair, intermixed with black hairs ; tergum covered with dense hair, without any intermixture of black hairs, and without any fasciated appearance; venter each side behind with hairs of a brighter fulvous tint than the others.
Length more than nine-twentieths of an inch.
Allied to A. hottentota Fabr.
Belongs to the fifth tribe in Wiedemann’s arrangement. It is common on St. Peter’s river, at Pembina, &c. It is closely allied to alternata nob. in the characters of the wing, but there is no sign of fascia on the tergum, nor of alternating black fascicles of hair on the sides. The color of the hair on the last segments
7
254 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
of the venter is sometimes ferruginous, but it is always of a deeper tint than that of [373] other parts of the body. It seems to vary in size, I have a specimen less than one-fourth smaller.
4, A. FASCIPENNIS.—Black, slightly hairy ; wings varied with blackish and hyaline.
Inhabits Red river of Winnepeek.
Body deep black, hairs sparse, very short, ferruginous; head with black short hairs above, and between, the antenne ; sides of the mouth whitish ; hypostoma with dull, yellowish-ferruginous hairs ; posterior orbits with silvery hair; thorax with long hairs before the wings; scutel margined with piceous; wings with a wide, blackish-brown costal margin from which proceed two oblique bands; the basal one is dilated and attains the thinner margin, on which it extends from the middle of the basal curve of the wing to the extremity of the first and second nervures; the second band is irregularly arcuated and is abbreviated near the thinner margin where it terminates in the form of a hook; on the costal margin near the tip is an oblique spot connected with the costal colored margin; poisers fuscous; capitulum white at tip ; tergum with the second and third segments obso- letely piceous each side; venter whitish at base; feet dusky ; tibia pale.
Length one-fourth of an inch.
This species coincides with the third tribe in Weidemann’s ar- rangement of this genus. It is small, and the wings are prettily variegated. The specimen I obtained is remarkably destitute of hair.
5. A. costaTa.—Black; wings hyaline, with a black costal margin, and small anastomosis in the middle.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body deep black, with very short, sparse, sericeous hairs ; thorax with the lateral hairs longer and pale yellowish-rufous ; wings hyaline, with a blackish costal margin bounded [374] by the fourth nervure as far as the middle, where it is abruptly con- tracted so as to be included by the first apical nervure for a short distance, when it is gradually contracted so as to be in- cluded by the two costal nervures ; anastomosis near the centre
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. FH5
oe
of the wing, blackish; fect black ; poisers fuscous, capitulum whitish.
Length more than three-tenths of an inch.
The disposition of the wing nervures of this species corres- ponds with that of the fifth tribe in Wiedemann’s arrangement.
LAPHRIA.
1. L. posticara.—Black ; thorax and before the tip of the tergum covered with yellow hair.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antenne, hair of the vertex and of each side of the antennx, black ; long hair beneath the antennz yellowish; hair of the cheeks long, white; thorax covered with yellow hair, immacu- late; pleura and pectus black, the latter with long whitish hair between the feet; poisers yellowish-white ; wings dusky ; tergum blued-black, polished, with black hairs each side; two last seg- ments and posterior margin of the preceding segment covered with yellow hair; venter polished, immaculate.
Length three-fifths of an inch.
2. L. FLAVICOLLIS.—Black ; wings dusky; hair of the head and thorax yellow.
Inhabits North-west Territory-
Head with long yellow hairs, and a few black ones over the mouth; proboscis, antennz, and palpi black, the latter with hairs; thorax thickly clothed with yellow hair, immaculate : wings dusky; nervures fuscous; poisers [375] dark reddish- brown ; feet with black hair; a few pale hairs on the basal halt of the thighs, and many about the origin of the feet; tergum black, with a slight shade of blue, polished, and with black hairs.
Length more than half an inch.
This species resembles the thoracica Fabr., but may be dis- tinguished by the color of the hair of the head; it is also a smaller insect, with a more slender form.
ASILUS.
A. ABDOMINALIS.—Black ; hypostoma silvery ; tergum fulvous in the middle. Inhabits North-west Territory.
256 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
Head rather small; antennee elongated, second joint very small; hypostoma bright silvery; mystax sparse, rigid, black ; thorax with minute black hairs, and a few longer ones on the margin; wings broad, black; tergum, segments, excepting the basal one and two terminal ones, reddish fulvous.
Length more than three-fifths of an inch.
The styles of the antenne being lost in the specimen, I am not certain that this species is correctly arranged when placed in this genus. It will not agree with Dioctria, as the antenne are perfectly sessile, nor with Dasypogon, as the basal joint of the antennee is nearly four times the length of the second joint. The rectilinear posterior tibize will not authorize its reference to La- phria. The appearance of the pectus and the adaptation of the feet are precisely as in Asz/us. In the arrangement of the wing nervures it agrees with Wiedemann’s first tribe.
[ Wiedemann has changed the name to Aeacus because the in- sect belongs to Dasypogon, and Say had already described another under the same specific name, (Discocephala abdominalis Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. 8, 50). The present species belongs to Stenopogon.—SAckEN. |
HEMERODROMIA Hgg. [376 ]
H. superstitrosaA.—Whitish ; thorax with a broad, blackish- brown vitta; tergum with a broad black vitta, which is crenate on its edges.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Antenne, proboscis, and front white ; occiput and inferior part of the head blackish-brown, in some parts slightly sericeous ; eyes chestnut-brown ; thorax with a broad vitta, which is paler in the middle and occupies the greater portion of its surface ; wings hyaline ; poisers white; scutel dusky, with a paler margin; tergum, the broad vitta is very deeply crenated on its edges, and is often separated into a series of large spots by the incisures ; beneath white.
Length nearly three-twentieths of an inch.
This species is very closely allied to the Hf. oratoria Fall. The disposition of the nervures is the same with those of that species, but the oratoria is said to have only a line on the thorax in place of a vitta, to have the abdomen all dark brown, and the tip of the posterior tibia brown.
LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION.
bo or
SARGUS Latr. Meig.
1. S. pecorus.—Front blue; thorax green ; tergum greenish golden; feet pale yellow.
Inhabits Pennsylvania and Hast Florida.
Hypostoma and vertex blackish; proboscis yellow; antennze dusky yellowish ; third joint darker; frontal tubercles with a white reflexion ; wing dusky, stigma distinct; poisers pale yel- low ; pleura blackish-piceous ; feet yellow ; posterior tarsi dusky ; abdomen slender, widest at tip, gradually [377] attenuated to the base, and with palé yellowish-brown hair.
Length about three-tenths of an inch.
This species is very closely allied to the S. auratus Meie. Fabr., but it is smaller, and the feet are dissimilar ; it may, how- ever, prove to be a variety of that species.
2. S. DorsALIS.—Black, eyes brassy, with a green line; feet white, tibize and tarsi above blackish.
Inhabits Kentucky.
Stemmata approximate on the vertex; eyes brown, when re- cent brassy-green tinged with red or purplish, a broad, green, longitudinal line across the middle; antennz whitish at base ; feet white ; tarsi black at the tip; anterior and posterior tibix black above ; wings dusky nervures deep brown, carpus distinctly marked by an oblong, opake, brown spot; abdomen oval, mid- dle of the two or three basal segments of the tergum and venter whitish.
Length of 9 one-fifth of an inch, 4% rather less.
The male is very similar to the female, but is a little smaller.
This species is allied to the genus Vappo Latr., by the ner- vures of the wings, the nervure between the three which radiate from the central joint being altogether wanting, but the second joint of the antennz resembles that of a Sargus, the third joint _is deficient in my specimen. In general form it resemble S. po- Kitus Linn.
[Is a Beris according to Wiedemann.—SAckEN. ]
PARAGUS Latr.
P. 4-rasctatus.—Black ; tergum with four yellow bands;
costal margin of the wings fuscous. 17
258 LONG’S SECOND EXPEDITION. |
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Head pale yellowish; hypostoma slightly impressed with a black line, and another dilated black line descends [378] from the black vertex and includes the superior portion of the tuber- cle of the antennze; mouth each side black; antennze blackish- piceous, basal joint and seta paler ; second joint decidedly longer than the first ; eyes with two yellow bands of which the anterior one is irregular; occiput black, with a cinereous orbital line ; thorax with four yellow spots on the anterior margin; an obso- lete, yellowish, curved line above the wings terminating an- teriorly in a transverse, whitish spot on each side of the centre ; an angulated yellow line behind; pleure with two yellow spots placed vertically ; scutel edged with yellow ; wings hyaline, a fus- cous costal margin, ferruginous at base and gradually dilated to- wards the tip; poisers white; feet white; anterior pair with the anterior half of the thighs and tibie and all the tarsi black ; in- termediate pair with the tip of the thighs, of the tibiz, and all the tarsi pale rufous, posterior pair hairy beneath, with a tooth near the tip and posterior half black; tarsi and tip of the tibize pale rufous, the latter arcuated ; tergum with a band near the base, somewhat narrowest in its middle; another narrower one on the middle and two near the tip a little broader in their middles, yellow; venter with about three distant, narrow, yellow bands, of which the middle one is sometimes fulvous.
Length less than three-fifths of an inch.
This insect does not altogether agree with the characters of the genus in which I have placed it, inasmuch as the hind thighs are toothed, the hind tibize arcuated, and the terminal joint of the antennee is oval and not elongated. It disagrees with Milesia in the elongated first and second joints of the antenne, and with Pipiza in the length of the palpi, and but for the character of the antenne, I should certainly refer it to the genus Milesia.
[Macquart has placed this insect as a new genus Mixtemyia. —SACKEN. ] ;
CURCULIONIDES. 259
Descriptions of North American Curculionides and an arrangement of some of our known species agreeably to the method of Schoenherr,* July 1831.
BRUCHUS Fabr.
1. B. 4-macunartus, F. Oliv.—Fabricius says it inhabits the island of Santa Cruz, and Olivier says it is from Carolina. The only individual I have seen was found by Mr. Barabino at New Orleans.
Olivier gives its length at three-twentieths of an inch. The present specimen is considerably over one-tenth, but is less than three-twentieths.
2. B. oprectus.—Dusky ; base and tip of the antennz feet and abdomen obscure rufous.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body above blackish ; with prostrate, somewhat dense, dull yellowish hairs: antennz gradually thicker to the tip, basal half and terminal joint dull rufous, second joint nearly as long as the third: thorax with numerous, distant punctures; elytra immac- ulate, the strize distinct ; apical margin obsoletely rufous ; beneath black, with prostrate hair; feet dull rufous; posterior thighs somewhat dilated, beneath blackish with a tooth near the tip and about two small ones nearer the tip ; abdomen dull rufous, immac- ulate.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
3. B. TRIANGULARIS.—Black ; elytra with a triangular band, in which is a black spot each side. Inhabits Mexico.
*I am greatly indebted to this distinguished naturalist for his able work the ‘‘ Dispositio Methodica Curculionidum”’ as well as for a know- ledge of several unpublished genera of this family ; my thanks are also due to Germar who has kindly furnished me with his ‘‘ Coleopterorum species nove aut minus cognite descriptionibus illustrate,’’ in which many new genera are instituted.
[The very unnatural classification of Schonherr has left this family in such an unsatisfactory condition so far as regards the identification of genera, that I have not yet attempted a critical study of our species. My notes on this paper therefore will be meagre and more imperfect than in other portions of the work.—Lx. ]
260 CURCULIONIDES.
Body black; antennz rufous at base; thorax transverse ; elytra with slender, deep, punctured striz; a common, large tri- angular white band, connected along the suture with the white scutel and attenuating to the lateral edge ; in the middle on each side of the suture is a black dot; posterior thighs with a spine, beyond which are two smaller spines.
Length nearly three-twentieths of an inch. 2]
Readily distinguished by the common white triangular band of the elytra marked by two black spots. I had three specimens from Mexican seeds of the size of those of Palmetto, but concave within.
9
3. B. mimus.—Brown, varied with black lines and cinereous.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body light brown, variegated: antenne pale rufous: thorax much narrowed before, with two interrupted, elevated, black lines and one or two on each side ; base rather prominent at the scutel ; scutel whitish apparently bifid: elytra with black spots and ab- breviated lines, which have a whitish spot at their anterior tip ; a light brown line curves inwards from the humerus and passes along the third interstitial line towards the tip ;. beneath dusky or blackish: feet pale rufous; posterior thighs blackish beneath with several minute spines and four or five larger ones near the tip: posterior tibise blackish, subfasciate beyond the mid- dle : podex yellow.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
5. B. ocunatus.—Brown; posterior thighs three or four- toothed.
Inhabits Mexico.
Body elongated, pale brown, covered on every part with short prostrate, dense hair: head on the front dusky, with a slight cu- preous tinge; much dilated orbits cinereous ; tip of the ‘labrum piceous : antennz fuscous: four basal joints honey-yellow; tho- rax with a hardly obvious, dorsal, pale line: elytra with acute striee, which have distant punctures rather short: anal segment but little oblique, more than half the length of the elytra; feet. honey-yellow : posterior thighs near the tip with about four teeth, of which the first is most prominent.
- Length one fifth of an inch.
CURCULIONIDES. 261
The anal segment is more nearly horizontal than any species | have seen. .
6. B. opsoLtetus.—Blackish, varied with cinereous hair.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body blackish cinereous, with a slight tinge of brown: anten- nze not deeply serrate: thorax much narrowed before, [ 3] cin- ereous each side, a slight impressed dorsal line; base with the edge almost angulated, central lobe almost truncate; scutel quad- rate, whitish, longitudinally divided by a dusky line; elytra with the interstitial lines having a slight appearance of alternating whitish and dusky; on the middle of the third interstitial line is a more obvious abbreviated whitish line : posterior thighs with a black spine, and two smaller ones.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
The whitish or cinereous markings are not very striking; on the elytra they may sometimes be traced into two obsolete macu- lar bands. I obtained many specimens from the seeds of an Astragulus in August, in company with Ap/on segnipes nob.
7. B. Muscutus.—Blackish with cinereous hair ; antennz and feet rufous.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body blackish-cinereous, with a slight tinge of brown, or black with cinereous hair: labrum piceous: antennz rufous at base and tip, piceous in the middle: thorax rather long, narrowed be- fore, somewhat cinereous each side, and on a dorsal line; basal edge lobed at the scutel: scutel quadrate cinereous, with a dusky line; elytra, third interstitial line with an abbreviated cinereous line on its middle; feet rufous; anterior thighs at base, interme- diate pair to the middle, black; posterior thighs with a spine, and three close set smaller ones distant from it, and with their tibize black.
Length less than one-tenth of an inch.
Resembles obsoletus nob., but is a little smaller, and the ru- fous antenne and feet distinguish it.
8. B. rRANSVERSUS.—Black, with cinereous hair; interstitial spaces with transverse black lines.
Inhabits Indiana. Body black, more or less covered with cinereous hair; head
262 CURCULIONIDES.
black: antenne rufous: thorax transverse, widely rounded before, with a scutellar lobe: scutel subquadrate with a dusky line: elytra, interstitial spaces interrupted by transverse black lines: feet rufous: posterior thighs black at base, armed with a spine near the tip.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
ANTHRIBUS F. Sch. [4 | Subgenus TROPIDERES Sch.
1. A. connutus.—Thorax with five tubercles.
Tnhabits Indiana.
Head white: mandibles piceous: antennz rufous, clava fuscous : rostrum moderate: eyes distant: thorax with two fascicles of erect hairs on the anterior edge, and three larger ones placed transversely on the middle; elytra somewhat variegated, with several fascicles of erect hairs on the interstitial lines; and a white, double, common, transverse spot before the middle ; feet hairy.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
[This is A. coronatus Sch.—LeEc.]
Subgenus PHAENITHON? Schoén.?
2. A. BREVICORNIS.—Antenne short; scutel and alternate spots on the elytra, whitish.
Inhabits Mexico.
Body black-brown : head covered with prostrate whitish hair : antenne hardly longer than the head, fuscous; thorax with a transverse elevated subbasal line, rectilinear in the middle, ar- quated each side, reflected at the posterior angles, and termi- nating at the lateral middle : scutel white : elytra striated : inter- stitial spaces convex, with alternate blackish and whitish spots ; humerus prominent, and a prominence on the middle of the base: feet obscure piceous.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
The tip of the club, exhibits the appearance of a fourth joint, which however is much smaller than the others; the eyes are emarginate. These characters justify the formation of a distinct subgenus.
CURCULIONIDES. 263
ATTELABUS F. Sch. A. PUBESCENS nob. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Vol. 5, p. 252. A. Rhois Boheman Acta Mosqu. ®
RHYNCHITES Herbst. Se énh.
1. R. copnaris Fabr.—The three ultimate joints of the an- tennee are elongated, differing in this respect from the other spe- cies of the genus; it has been separated under the generic name of Sapindus.
The species varies so much in color as to have given rise to several specific names, viz. :
Anthribus collaris Fabr. Syst. Eleut.
Rhynchites angustatus Herbst. [5]
Ehynchites rubricollis nob., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci,* and Melsh. Catal.
Rhynchites nigripes Melsh. ; quercus Knoch. in Melsh. Catal.
Rhynchites ruficollis Germar, Sp. Nov. p. 188.
The latter is very remarkable in having the thorax of the same color as the elytra. Dejean in his Catalogue places the species in the genus Rhinomacer.
[Is Kugnamptus angustatus Sch.—L«xc. |
2. R. Hirtus Fabr.
PR. zneus? Bohemann.
Doubts have been expressed of our insect being the Airtus of Fabr., but it agrees better with the description than any. It is also, as Fabricius says, of the stature and magnitude of 2. pubes- cens.
3. R. mratus.—Brassy, antenne, rostrum, and beneath, ob- scure bluish.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Ourculio zratus Knoch, in Melsh. Catalogue.
Body brassy, punctured: rostrum very slightly dilating to- wards the tip, with an impressed line above, from the base to the middle: front with small punctures: thorax with dense punc- tures: elytra with a transverse, dilated but not profound, com-
: . . . . . “4 = ene eo “vy *This reference is wrong, it is described in Long’s Expedition, 2, 285;
ante, p. 192.—Lec. ]
264 CURCULIONIDES.
mon indentation : with strie of transverse, large punctures: be- neath blackish-blue.
Length nearly one-tenth of an inch.
This is the smallest North American species yet known.
I have found it on the oak in June.
Genus PTEROCOLUS Sch.
Antenne 11-jointed, not geniculate; basal joint not much elongated ; eighth joint transverse linear ; ninth and tenth trans- verse subquadrate, dilated, and with the ultimate semioval one remote, perfoliated, forming an oblong oval club; rostrum di- lated at tip: head rather long behind the eyes, neck not con- tracted; scutel transverse subquadrate: elytra somewhat abbre- viated ; each rounded at tip, depressed above: podex and part of the back, naked: feet robust: thighs unarmed, dilated ; tibize un- armed, ciliate densely on the exterior edge with very short spines, and with small spines around the edge of the tip: body rounded.
This genus differs from Rhynchites by the rounded form of the body; the shorter and depressed elytra, more divaricate [ 6 ] at their tips; the rostrum is shorter and more contracted in the middle, and the origin of the antennz is nearer the middle or yvather the base of the rostrum; the tibie are ciliated with short spines, Xe.
P. ovatus Fabry. (Attelabus) Syst. Eleut.
APION Herbst.
1. A. RostRUM nob. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.
This may very probably prove to be A. nigrum Herbst.
Dr. J. F. Melsheimer informed me that it is found in abun- dance on the leaves of Robinia pseud-acacia.
[This is Apion Sayi Sch.—Lec.]
2. A. SEGNIPES.—Black ; feet rufous, with black incisures and tarsi.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black, punctured with prostrate white hairs; rostrum rather long, and very slightly angulated, slightly tapering, punc- tured at base: antenne with three or four basal joints, rufous : thorax with dense large punctures: elytra with punctured pro- foundly impressed stria; feet rufous; thighs at base, coxe, tro-
CURCULIONIDES. 265
chanters and knees black ; tibiae black at tip; tarsi black with a whitish reflection at the tip of their joints.
Length about one-tenth of an inch.
I obtained numbers of this species from the seeds of an Astra- gulus in August.
LZAEMOSACCUS Sch.
L. pLAGIATUS Fabr. Schonh. ; Curculio nephele Herbst.
This is a well marked insect, remarkable by the very large fulvous mark on the disk of each elytron occupying two-thirds of the whole surface. The tooth of the anterior thighs is very prominent. I obtained it on the oak in July.
THAMNOPHILUS Schonh.
1. T. BArBitus.—Body rather long and narrow, blackish- brown, with confluent punctures : rostrum punctured, cylindrical, as long as the head and thorax, slig curved ; thorax with one or two slight tubercles each side before : elytra with the striae rather wide and deep, punctured ; thighs with a tooth beneath.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Length to the tip of the rostrum three-tenths of an inch.
Belongs to the Subgenus Panus Schonh.
[Placed by Schénherr in Magdalinus to which also belong the following four species.—LEc. ] [7]
htly broader at tip, a little
2. T. otyra Herbst (Curculio) Natursyst. vol. 7, p. 7. The scutel is white; this character was probably obliterated in Herbst’s specimen as he has not mentioned it.
3. T. ARMICOLLIS nob. (Rynchenus) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. 3, p. 312.
4. T. panpuRA.—Thorax with a lateral tubercle before the middle and on the posterior angle; tarsi piceous.
Inhabits United States.
Ourculio pandura Knoch in Melsh. Catalogue.
Body black, punctured: antenne piccous: rostrum slightly arquated: thorax with separate punctures; an angle or tubercle each side a little before the middle, contracted before the pos-
266 CTRCULIONIDES.
terior angles, which are prominent: elytra with strive of large punctures: tarsi rufo-piceous.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
Much like 7. olyra, but is much smaller, the lateral thoracic tubercle is nearer the middle and scutel is black.
5. T. pantipus.—Pale yellowish; head and thorax tinged with rufous.
Tnhabits Indiana.
Body punctured, somewhat elongate ; head densely punctured, punctures not profound ; rostrum a little dilated towards the tip, punctured: club ovate acute, not much elongated: thorax with dense, irregular, not very deep punctures, a dorsal glabrous line, und anteriorly on each side is an acute tubercle: elytra with im- pressed striz in which are oblong punctures ; interstitial lines a little convex and slightly rugose with a very minute series of scales or pores, near the tip these lines are more convex, basal edge somewhat elevated: thighs, spines acute; postpectus and base of the abdomen dusky.
Length to tip of rostrum about three-twentieths of an inch.
The color is much paler than that of the armicollis nob. and the club is much shorter.
CHLOROPHANUS Daln. ). ACUTUS nob. (Curculio) Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. 3, p- d10. This insect also occurs in Indiana. [8] [Is the type of Brachystylus Sch.—Lxc.]
ITHYCERUS Schonh.
I. CURCULIONIDES Herbst.
T have always considered the Curculio punctatulus Faby. and Oliv. synonymous with this, but Germar is of the opinion that it is a different insect.
Curculio noveeboracensis Forster.
[I consider Pachyrhyncus Schinherri Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 203, Rhinaria Schinherri Sch. Cure. 7, 2, 369 as synonyms of this insect.—Lec. ]
CURCULIONIDES. 267
Genus THECESTERNUS nob.
Anterior part of the pectus excavated for the reception of the rostrum.
Natural character —Body conyex, firm, unequal : rostrum very short, thick, entire: antennze rather slender, inserted near the middle of the rostrum, ina deep, somewhat angulated groove ; first joint oblong turbinate, a little arquated; second and third short, subturbinate, the latter shorter ; fourth and eighth very short, quadrate or transverse ; club rather large, of which the basal joint (or two joints 7) is as long again as the ultimate one, which is subacute: eyes a little oblique, somewhat acute before, oblong subovate: thorax longitudinally somewhat quadrate : scu- tel none: elytra connate, rigid, hardly broader at base than the thorax, narrowed at tip and concealing the podex: pectus ante- riorly deeply excavated to receive the rostrum: feet, anterior pairs approximate: posterior pair distant: thighs not dilated: tibia with a short, thick, or double spine at tip: tarsi simple.
Obs.—I proposed this genus when describing the species, but omitted the name. It differs from Brachycerus F., and Lpisus Billb. by the pectoral excavation, general form of the body, less robust antenne, and larger club.
T. HUMERALIS nob. (Brachycerus,) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Vol. 5, p. 254.
[This is'the type of Lithodus Germ. Sch. Cure. 2, 420.— Lxo.
GRAPHORHINUS Sch.
1. G. vAposus.—Body dark cinereous : rostrum with a deep- ly impressed line, on each side of the middle of which is a short impressed line, and between the eyes is a dilated, suborbicular indentation : thorax with large, somewhat irregular, approximate punctures: elytra with the alternate lines more elevated, partic- ularly towards the base ; punctures transverse. [9]
Length less than two-fifths of an inch.
Inhabits Missouri.
This insect was presented to me by Nuttall.
[Belongs to Lpicaerus.—Lxc. |
268 CURCULIONIDES.
2. G. OPERCULATUS.—Rostrum obsoletely truncated ; a frontal dilated puncture.
Inhabits Mexico.
Body black, covered with minute, orbicular, perlaceous scales : head with a dilated impressed puncture between the eyes, an ob- solete longitudinal sulcus on the short, robust rostrum and a still less obvious one on each side; thorax canaliculate in the middle ; elytra with series of rather large impressed punctures: thighs with a sinus beneath near the tip.
Length over seven-twentieths of an inch.
DERACANTHUS Schonh. Subgenus ARACANTHUS.
D? paLLipus.—Body whitish, varied with pale brown ; rostrum not longer than broad, with an impressed, very obvious line from the vertex to the tip: eyes small: thorax with numerous, small punctures not close set nor very regularly placed; base not un- dulated : elytra with regular striz of punctures.
Inhabits United States.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
THYLACITES Germ.
1. T. mrcrops.—Body whitish: rostrum very short and broad : eyes very small, orbicular ; front with an acute impressed line : ver- tex and thorax a little rough with numerous slight indentations ; scutel not obvious: elytra with their striae and punctures not visible, suture a little elevated: feet simple.
Inhabits Missouri.
Length less than three twentieths of an inch.
[This is 7. microsus Sch.—Lxc. |
Subgenus SrropHosomus Sch. 2. T. TESSELATUS nob. (Liparus) Jour. Acad. Nat Se. CALLOPISTUS Schonh. (in litt.)
B. AURICEPHALUS nob. (Curculio) Jour. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. 3. p. 310.
[Is Platyomus auriceps Sch.—Lxc.]
CURCULIONIDES. 269
TANYMECUS Germ.
1. T. LAcAENA.—Body a little cupreous, dull yellowish cine- reous, densely punctured: rostrum with a raised line, tip widely indented above: antennz blackish rufous: thorax with three ob- solete blackish vittze; widest a little before the middle: scutel very small, cinereous: elytra with the strixe hardly impressed at base but obviously impressed towards the tip, punctures rather large, quadrate ; interstitial lines flattened, tip of each with a short joint in the middle.
Length to tip of rostrum three-twentieths of an inch.
Curculio lacaena Herbst ? Natursyst.
2. T. conrusus.—Much like the preceding but is destitute of the thoracic vitte.
Length to tip of the rostrum about three-tenths of an inch.
[Appears to be 7’. confertus Sch.—LeEc.]
APHRASTUS Schonh. (in litt.) A. TAENIATUS nob. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Elytra whitish, second and fourth interstitial lines light
brown. [10] SITONA Germ.
1. S. INDIFFERENS.—Body black, rather thinly covered with cinereous hair: rostrum short, dilated, with an indented line which does not reach the tip: thorax cylindric with small, ir- regular, hardly impressed punctures: elytra striate, the striz with rather large punctures: feet obscure piceous.
Inhabits Missouri.
Length three-twentieths of an inch.
In form somewhat like /inee//us Gyll.
2. S. scissirRoNs.—Covered with white scales; elytra with black spots.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body entirely covered by minute scales, which on the sides of the thorax and elytra are white, and on their middle light brown; head obviously punctured and with a widely impressed line ex- tending to the tip: antenna dark piceous; basal joint paler, clavate : thorax rather short, slightly rounded each side, obviously
270 CURCULIONIDES.
punctured: a much dilated brown dorsal vitta in which is a narrow white vitta, a lateral brown vitta from the eye: elytra with a much dilated common brownish vitta; a few blackish spots; tibia with a slight rufous tinge: tarsi spongy beneath : eyes rounded.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
This much resembles the S. lineellus Gyll., but the nasal joint is shorter, the eye smaller, the thorax shorter, Xe.
HADROMERUS Schonh.
H. wiiaris.—Brown varied with cinereous: rostrum with a deeply indented line : antenne and tarsi rufous: thorax and head with numerous deep punctures ; the former with a dilated lateral vitta: elytra with an oblique cinereous arquated vitta from the humerus to the middle ; tip cinereous almost constituting a band ; beneath with whitish scales: feet somewhat banded.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
Curculio hilaria ? Herbst. Natursyst.
The male is smaller and the extremity of the oblique vitta is almost insulated so as to form a small spot in the middle of each elytra, surrounded by a dark line.
[Belongs to Pandeleteiws Sch.—Lxc.]
CLEONUS Schonh.
C. privirratus.—Covered with cinereous hair; thorax tri- lineate , elytra, suture and vitta on each blackish.
Inhabits Arkansaw.
Licus trivittatus nob. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. [Wrong reference. —LEc. |
Body black, densely covered by cinereous hair; head, a black lateral line from the eyes to the tip of the rostrum, and a carin- ate line above; thorax deeply and widely indented behind ; three longitudinal blackish vitte ; an abbreviated, longitudinal, slightly elevated line before, scattered punctures; elytra with regular series of profound punctures; a sutural double blackish vitta spotted or interrupted with cinereous; and a vitta on the middle of each elytron also spotted with cinereous; beneath with small black spots.
Length (total) about two-fifths of an inch.
I obtained two or three specimens near the Rocky Mountains.
CURCULIONIDES. 27
=f
HYPSONOTUS Germ.
1. H. ALrernatus.—Body piceous, nearly covered with pros- trate brown hairs: elytra with the striae simple impressed, the hairs upon them forming alternate whitish and brownish spots ; a more obvious white spot near the tip of each elytron; front and rostrum with an impressed line; thorax with the punctures [11] large and close set, concealed by the hairs, with a longitudinal raised line; thighs beneath near the tip emarginate.
Length less than half an inch.
Inhabits the North-west Territory.
[Belongs to Alophus.—LEc. ]
2. H. mpricatus nob. (Liparus) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. [Is an Hpicaerus according to Shénherr.—LeEc. ]
LISTRODERES Schonh.
1. L. caupatus nob. (Rynchaenus) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc.
2. L. sQUAMIGER.—Body covered with minute brownish cine- reous scales: rostrum with a carinate line; thorax with scattered punctures ; not flattened ; scutel yellowish or whitish, elytra with punctured strie towards the tip concealed by the scales; the united tip obtusely rounded ; humerus obtuse.
Length from two-fifths to half an inch.
Inhabits Arkansaw.
Much like caudatus nob., but in that species the humeral line is carinate and acute.
3. L. porcettus.—Body blackish rufous, ‘with numerous short, robust, upright hairs; rostrum broad and rather short, with somewhat elevated lines and wide indentation at base : therax subeylindric: elytra with a wide impressed striaw, in which are transverse punctures ; a paler submarginal line each side and terminal spot ; feet dull rufous.
Inhabits United States.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
4. L. sparsus.—Body dull drab color; with minute scales, the surface with small, dense, shallow indentations; numerous” short, robust, upright hairs; rostrum robust, short; antennx rufous: thorax somewhat rounded; scutel small, transverse :
272 CURCULIONIDES.
elytra with rather longer hairs than the thorax, with slender punctured strize, punctures obsolete towards the tip ; humerus a little prominent, somewhat carinate ; feet unarmed.
Inhabits Missouri.
Length over three-twentieths of an inch.
5. L. LINEATULUS.—Body with a dirty yellowish cinereous covering, and with short, robust hairs; rostrum with two longi- tudinal grooves; antenne: rufous; thorax rounded, with a trans- verse indented anterior line anda longitudinal obsolete, impressed one: the whole surface has a granulated appearance ; elytra with the striz and punctures concealed by the covering, the alternate interstitial lines prominent and distinct.
Length over one-fifth of an inch.
Very distinct from the preceding species and may be distin- guished from them by its much smaller size.
BARYNOTUS Germ.
1. B. rtarpus.—Body dirty brown, with remote, robust, up- right hairs: rostrum short, thick, transversely indented between the eyes; thorax a little indented longitudinally; transverse, as broad in the middle as the base of the elytra; elytra with the strize obtuse, slightly impressed, punctured ; interstitial lines having the hairs distant and regular.
Inhabits Connecticut.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
[ Physxelis rigidus Sch. Cure. 7, 124.—Lxc.]
2. B. errnaceus.—Rather slender; thorax rounded, some- what distant from the abdomen.
Inhabits United States.
Body covered with very minute, oppressed, orbicular, dark brown scales: rostrum robust, moderate; mandibles exerted ar- quated simple, acute, unarmed, nearly half as long as the ros- trum: thorax rough, the scales and their intervals exhibiting the irregularity of a sanded surface; hairs numerous ; interval between the thorax and abdomen widely contracted : elytra with punctured strive and rigid equi-distant black hairs on the inter- stitial lines ; posterior declivity nearly vertical.
Length over one-fifth of an inch. [12]
,
CURCULIONIDES.
bo
nO jo The mandibles are naked and yery prominent; the thorax is rounded and its surface is rough and punctured. [Is the type of Panscopus Sch.—Lxc. ]
3. B. GRANULATUS.—Brown, thorax obtusely granulated and with a pale vitta.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body dull brown with short raised hairs: head impressed be- tween the eyes: thorax with very obtuse granulations, a longitu- dinal slender impressed dorsal line in a dull yellowish vitta: elytra a little elevated on the basal edge, strix concave, much dilated, punctured ; punctures wide, not very deeply impressed, interstitial lines not so wide as the striz, with hairs; suture a little pale.
Length about one-fourth of an inch.
The surface of the thorax exhibits the appearance of obtuse little elevated granulations and the profile view shows irregular punctures or interrupted rugee.
LEPYRUS Germ.
L. GEMINATUS.—Body dusky: rostrum rather short : antennz a little robust : thorax with a yellowish vitta each side: elytra with the alternate interstitial lines light brown, a small white spot in the middle of each.
This is the analogue of the ZL. colon I. of Europe, and so closely allied to it as to be easily mistaken for it. But the body is a little more robust; the rostrum is a little shorter and the an- tennz are more robust.
A specimen was sent to me by Mr. Barabino from Louisiana, IT obtained one in Missouri.
HYLOBIUS Germ. H. paves Herbst; Pissodes macellus Germar Sp. Nove, p. 319.
PHYTONOMUS Schonh.
P. rrivirratus.—Blackish brown with. numerous seale-like
hairs.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body blackish-brown, with numerous, robust hairs almost re- sembling scales, which are longer in three yellowish metallic,
18
274 CURCULIONIDES.
thoracic vitte of which the lateral ones are broader and termi- nate in a spot on the humerus; the vitta and spot are pale brownish cinereous ; antennee rufous; elytra with large costal spots, interstitial lines obsoletely alternating with blackish and pale brown-cinereous ; suture behind the middle also pale brown- cinereous; thighs beneath near the tip emarginate: anterior tibiae a little incurved at tip. Length one-fifth of an inch.
2. P. comprus.—Elytra with subquadrate, brown spots.
Inhabits United States.
Body cinereous-olivaceous, covered with small scales ; rostrum shorter than the head and thorax, rather narrower at base: an- tennee and feet rufous; thorax somewhat rounded, with a much dilated, brown, somewhat metallic vitta: [13] scutel small triangu- lar: elytra with slightly impressed, but punctured strize, inter- stitial lines flat, with more or less numerous brown quadrate spots, particularly near the suture, where they are alternate.
Length much over three-twentieths of an inch.
PERITELUS Germ.
1. P. cHRYSORRHZUS.—Body covered with dense scales and having sparse, short rigid, inclined hairs; thorax nearly obicu- lar: head, the line of the eyes raised and chestnut color; elytra paler behind, or with a very oblique brown band behind the mid- dle; the strize simple impressed lines ; impunctured.
Length over three-twentieths of an inch.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
[A Cercopeus according to Schénherr.—LEc. |
Subgenus Acrapuus Schonh. [in litt.] Scutel distinct.
2. P. BeLLIcus.—Body black; rostrum short, broad, with an impressed line at base; antenna first joint rather longer than the others taken together, and the unarmed feet dull rufous: thorax rather small, with a slight indented line and numerous very short and very robust yellowish hairs: scutel minute: elytra convex ; striae hardly impressed, but with regular series of punctures ; the whole surface with minute, close set, hardly impressed points, furnishing very short, yellowish, very robust hairs.
Inhabits Florida.
CURCULIONIDES. 275
Length nearly three-tenths of an inch. Peritelus leucopheeus of Dejean, Agraphus leuc. Schén., but I believe it has not been described.
CYCLOMUS Sch. Subgenus Opuryastes Germ. Clava five-jointed ; eyes narrowed before. 1. C. virrarus nob. (Liparus) Jour. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. 3, p. 316.
2. C. SULCIROSTRIS nob. (Liparus) Jour. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. 3, p. 318.
LIXUS F. Schonh.
1. L. MARGINATUS.—Black, covered with minute cinereous hairs; thorax impressed; elytra, region of the scutel and middle of the base indented.
Inhabits United States.
Body black, covered with short, minute, robust recurved hairs, punctured ; antenne rufous, club dusky ; thorax a little convex each side, behind the middle of the side rectilinear, a little con- tracted before, with an indented line above, more profound near the base; with dilated, confluent, slightly impressed punctures not deeply sinuated at base, with regular series of punctures : elytra region of the scutel indented subacute: abdomen dull fulyous behind.
Length from the origin of the rostrum nearly seven-twentieths of an inch.
The hair detains a ferruginous powder. It is found on the lower Missouri. It also occurs in the Atlantic States. With my first description of this species I gave it the name of impres- sus, but in the Curcul. Dispos. Method. Schénherr quotes the same name for a very different and large species of 5. America from Sahlberg. [14]
2. L. concavus.—Base of the thorax and of the elytra witha common dilated indentation.
Inhabits Indiana.
Thorax convex each side, much contracted before, with very small punctures; dorsal indentation obsolete near the anterior margin and in the middle, profound at base: elytra with regular
276 CURCULIONIDES.
punctured striz, not rugose; base with a dilated common deep indentation equalling that of the thorax, and another smaller in- dentation on the middle of the base: thighs unarmed.
Length over half an inch.
Common, and is the largest species that I have met with in this country. The hair of the body detains a yellowish ferru- ginous dust which often gives the whole insect that color. It is smaller than the angustatus F., the thorax is much more convex each side, the eiytra are less abruptly contracted each side at base, &e.
3. L. pATERALIS.—Thorax laterally cinereous ; elytra with a transverse basal groove.
Inhabits Arkansaw.
Body rather slender ; head punctured between the eyes: ros- trum but little arquated, punctured between the eyes, short: thorax with rather large profound distant punctures on each side, cinereous ; a dorsal indented line; sides rectilinear on the posterior three-fourths, and rather suddenly contracted on the anterior fourth : elytra with regular series of punctures ; some- what indented about the scutel; basal margin with a groove, basal edge much arquated.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
4. L. MuscuLus.—Thorax indented before and behind the middle and with rather small punctures.
Inhabits Louisina.
Body black or blackish piceous, with short white hairs: head between the eyes a little indented: rostrum slightly arquated, punctures at its lateral base nearly as large as those of the thorax; thorax with rather small but dense punctures, with a large longi- tudinal depression on the back, a little impressed and more obvious before the middle and at the base: elytra with series of punctures which at tip are smaller and placed in the striz: region of the scutel indented.
Length over seyen-twentieths of an inch.
It is smaller than ZL. bardane F., not so densely clothed with hairs, the elytral punctures are more obvious; the thoracic punc- tures are a little smaller; that species has not the thoracic inden- tations. It has the rostrum a little longer and more arquated than in the preceding; the thorax has not such large and pro-
CURCULIONIDES. 277
found punctures, on the side is slightly and regularly curved, not abruptly contracted before, &c.
This species was sent to me by Mr. J. Barabino of New Orleans.
PISSODES Germ.
P. srrost Peck, [ Rhyncheenus] Jour. Mass. Agr. Soc. Jan.1817.
P. nemorensis Germar, Species Nove, p. 318.
Dr. Harris sent me this insect as the P. strobi, or White pine Weevil of Professor Peck, whose name having the priority must be adopted.
ERIRHINUS Schonh.
K. Muctpus.—Body black-brown with short prostrate yellow- ish hairs; rostrum slender, linear, arquated, punctured, much longer than the head and thorax : antennze -rufous: elytra with rather wide, impressed, densely punctured strie; hairs arranged in small spots. [15]
Length one-fourth of an inch.
Resembles #. vorax Gyl., but the thorax is more rounded and the elytra have a more truncated appearance.
ANTHONOMUS Germ.
1. A. QUADRIGIBBUS.—Ferruginous ; elytra with about four tubercles.
Inhabits United States.
Curculio quadrigibbus Melsh. Catalogue.
Body dull ferruginous ; rostrum more than half the length of the body ; thorax with three obsolete whitish lines : pleura bilineate, of which one is more distinct : elytra with double series of punc- tures, the interstitial lines alternately elevated, the two inner ones on each with two or three compressed elevations, of which the posterior one on the inner line is more prominent: posterior de- clivity paler: anterior thighs two-toothed, the posterior tooth prominent.
Length (exclusive of the rostrum) less than three-twentieths of an inch.
I have taken this species on the Crataegus.
2, A. muscuLus.—Dull rufous ; scutel and elytral spotted bands whitish.
278 CURCULIONIDES.
Inhabits United States.
Curculio varians Melsh. Catal.
Body more or less dull rufous, or piceous, punctured: head piceous : rostrum with elevated lines: antennz rufous : club dusky : thorax piceous, very much crowded with punctures ; small recurved distant whitish hairs: scutel oval white: elytra with dilated im- pressed strize of large punctures; rufous with the edge piceous; two or three undulated, macular, whitish bands of short hairs: beneath piceous: feet rufous.
Length, including the rostrum, one-tenth of an inch.
Var. a. Obscure piceous, almost black ; bands obvious.
This varies eonsiderably in its depth of coloring.
Subgenus OponTOPUS nob. HKyes approximate.
3. A. CALCEATUS.—Spine of the anterior thighs robust, den- ticulated before.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black: antennz piceous; clava darker: thorax very densely punctured, rather large, much narrowed before: scutel longitudinal, oblong, sublinear: elytra with profoundly impressed, punctured strize, interstitial lines flattened, densely punctured ; anterior thigh with a very prominent robust tooth; anterior to which are small denticulations; intermediate thighs with a small tooth ; posterior pair with the tooth obsolete; tibize, anterior pair much arquated.
Length nearly three-twentieths of an inch.
This is not uncommon. With the form and habit of the insects of this genus it has approximate eyes.
[This is identical with Prionomerus carbonarius Sch.—Lk«c. ]
ERODISCUS Schon.
EH. MYRMECODES.—Black, scutel and line on pectus and post- pectus whitish.
Inhabits United States.
Body black, with numerous slender upright hairs; thorax very convex above: scutel cinereous ; elytra convex with slightly im- pressed stria, punctured: thighs clavate, emarginate and with a large compressed tooth: tibize arquated at base: anterior pair
CURCULIONIDES. 279
mucronate at trp; pectus and postpectus with a longitudinal white line. Length three-twentieths of an inch. [16} Curculio myrmex Herbst. Natursyst. Tn appearance it has a slight resemblance to a Formica. [ Otidocephalus Chevy. is an older name of this genus.—LEc. |
BALANINUS Germ,
1. B. progoscrpgus Fabr. (Rynchexnus.) Rostrum as long again as the body. This seems to be Curculio Daviesii Swederus in 'Trans- actions of the Stockholm Society, 1787, and it is probable that the latter name is prior to that of Fabr.
2. B. Nasicus.—Rostrum not so long as the body or hardly longer, not thicker at base, but proceeding abruptly from the head, rectilinear to the middle, piceous.
It is remarkable by having the rostrum at base hardly thicker than in the middle, in consequence of which it appears to proceed abruptly from the head without any gradation.
It is the Curculio nucum of Melsh. Catal.
3. B. rectus.—Rostrum rectilinear or very slightly recurved to near the tip where it curves downward : antennz very slender.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
This is distinguishable by the rectilinear or slightly recurved rostrum.
4. B. nasutus.—Body robust: scutel elongated white.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
This species differs from proboscideus F., in being more robust and in having the scutel longer. Schénherr has proposed the name of rostratus for this insect, (in litt.)
TYLOMUS Schonh.
T. LINEATICOLLIS Say. [J?ynchxnus.] Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. 8, p. 813.
Var. a. much smaller.
Length exclusive of the rostrum less than one-fifth of an inch.
It differs also considerably in the lineations of the thorax, and the alternate elevated, interstitial lines of the elytra are less obvi- ous and not so acutely edged. I have named it provisionally palmicollis.
[ Belongs to Rhyssematus Sch.—Le«c. ]
280 CURCULIONIDES.
ORCHESTES Illig.
1. O. EpHIPPIATUS.—Blackish piceous ; elytra each with two yellowish spots.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body blackish, more or less tinged with piceous, densely punc- tured : base of the rostrum piceous: elytra striate punctured, a large double yellowish hairy, somewhat common spot before the middle and a transverse abbreviated common band of yellowish hair behind the middle, both on a piceous surface ; feet and an- tennee rufous.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
A very distinct species.
2. O. PALLICORNIS.—Black, antennze rufous with a black tip.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black, densely punctured ; rostrum lineated and pune- tured ; antennz dull rufous, the club darker black: thorax con- fluently punctured: elytra with punctured striz, the interstitial lines somewhat rough and flat: thighs with a short acute tooth.
Length one-tenth of an inch. [i7|
Var. a. Tarsi piceous.
This species is very abundant.
‘'MADARUS Schonh.
M. UNDULATUS nob. [Rynchenus] Journ. Acad. Se. The thorax varies from sanguineous to black.
BARIDIUS Schonh. 1. B. TRinoratus.—Covered with white hairs; a black dot on the scutel and near the posterior angle of the thorax. Inhabits United States.
Curculio trinotatus. F , lk — pensylvanicus K. ae
Body black, covered with rather short, robust, linear, white prostrate hairs: thorax with the hairs pointing towards the lon- gitudinal middle; at base on each sideis a black dot, scutel black ; elytra with obvious striz; interstitial lines flat and each with about three series of the short hairs.
Length three-twentieths of an inch.
CURCULIONIDES. 281
The covering of white hairs, with the three denuded spots dis- tinguish this species. I have obtained it in Indiana as well as in Pennsylvania.
2. B. prcumnus Herbst. Natursyst.
Vol. 7, p. 80, pl. 99, f. 9. This is a common species. The third joint of the antenne is hardly longer than the fourth. The covering of hairs is more dense than in the preceding species.
[Belongs to Centrinus Sch.—Lxc.]
3. B. PENICELLUS Herbst. Natursyst. vol. T3 pa2d, pl 09; £ 6 F.
Much like the preceding, but larger, and the third joint of the antennee is as long again as the fourth. I described it under the name of amictus, but I have little doubt that it is the species de- scribed by Herbst. Genus Zoxerus Sch.? holosericcous Sch. Dej.
[Also a Centrinus.—Lxc. ]
4. B. unpuLATUs.—Black ; elytra with two undulations.
Inhabits Mexico.
Body black ; head with small punctures, sparse on the vertex, more dense on the rostrum: rostrum arquated: thorax a little compressed each side on the anterior margin: with rather large confluent lateral punctures and smaller sparse ones on the disk : elytra with capillary impunctured striz, becoming rather dilated at tip; interstitial spaces flat, with numerous transverse lines, a dilated indentation or undulation before the middle, and rather behind the middle, a less obvious indentation near the tip.
Length over one-fifth of an inch.
Var. a. Body dark brassy polished; undulations of the elytra obsolete. .
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
The pectoral groove is very distinct, but the antenne are too robust, and the club is too obtuse to be placed in the genus Cen- érinus, and the fusiform club of JWadarus will not permit a refer- ence to that genus.
5. B. srrrarus.—Interstitial lines hardly wider than the strie, and with a single series of punctures.
Tnhabits United States.
Body black, punctured: rostrum a little prominent at the in- sertion of the antenne on each side; more or less transversely in-
282 CURCULIONIDES.
dented between the eyes antenne dark piceous, inserted beyond the middle of the rostrum; second joint rather long; third not longer than the fourth; club obtuse; thorax subconie with ap- proximate orbicular punctures and a glabrous middle line; basal edge deeply sinuous [ 18 ] elytra with deep punctured strize ; in- terstitial lines hardly broader than the strie and each with a single series of rounded punctures: anal tip naked, densely punc- tured: pectus slightly indented : anterior feet not very distant.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
This is the true striatus of Melsheimer’s Catalogue ; the follow- ing species which I formerly confounded with it, is different.
6. B. INTERSTITIALIS nob. (2yncheenus) Journ. Acad. Nat. Era, peoli4s
Much like the preceding, but the thorax is more rounded being more abruptly contracted before and the punctures are much smaller. The interstitial lines are broader and their punc- tures have a transverse rugulous appearance.
7. B. TRANSVERSUS.—Thorax at the scutel obtusely lobed ; scutel transverse.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body black, punctured: head transversely indented between the eyes: antenne obscure piceous, inserted beyond the middle of the rostrum; third joint but little longer than the fourth: club ovate: thorax rather abruptly contracted before ; punctures numerous, rather dense; middle lobe of the base very obtusely rounded: elytra with deep, punctured striz; interstitial lines with close set, almost confluent punctures ; third line with more than one series; exterior and posterior edges piceous: tibie a little tinged with piceous: anal segment naked, punctured.
Length over one-fifth of an inch.
In the form of the thorax it resembles znterstitialis nob., but the punctures are much larger, the posterior lobe is more rounded, znd the punctures of the interstitial lines are rounded.
CRYPTORHYNCHUS Illig.
i. C. ANAGLypTiIcus.—Thorax bilineate each side ; elytra with elevated lines; a fulvous spot on each at base.
inhabits United States.
Curculio anaglypticus Knoch in Melsh. Catal.
; CURCULIONIDES. 283
Body blackish piceous, punctured; eyes small; antenne pice- ous; rostrum suleated; thorax lobed at the eyes; subinequal, somewhat rugose; two whitish longitudinal lines on each side diverging before and behind with numerous minute cinereous hairs, and with two or three oblique uniting lines; elytra triang- ular much wider at base than the thorax and subacute at tip, each with four elevated acute striae, the exterior ones united at tip; interstitial grooves dilated, concave, with a double series of trans- verse punctures, an oblique, fulvous, oval spot at the humeral base, tip brown; epipleura a series of punctures, base hirsute with a double series ; feet varied with cinereous hair ; thighs with a robust, prominent spine beneath near the middle, and a smaller one nearer the tip.
Length from the front to anus less than one fifth of an inch.
Found many specimens ascending a hickory tree (Juglans) in the fruit of which they deposit their eggs, in the latter part of June and beginning of July.
[ Bélongs to Conotrachelus Sch.—Lxc. ]
2. CO. ELEGANS.—Piceous brownish ; elytra with a paler, more or less dilated space behind.
Inhabits United States.
Curculio elegans Melsh. Catal.
Body dull piceous, more or less varied with brown or blackish: rostrum sulcated, carinate, piceous : antenne rufous: thorax lobed at the eyes; punctured; an obsolete, oblique, cinereous line each side proceeding to the posterior angles: elytra with four some- what elevated, acute lines, the exterior ones uniting behind ; in- terstitial spaces wide, with double series of punctures, obsolete behind; behind the middle is a more or less dilated common space, narrower at the suture than on the lateral margin ; on this spot the inner elevated [19] line is interrupted, and the line is also depressed or interrupted towards the base; thighs two-toothed, somewhat annulated with piceous and blackish.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
Var. a. Somewhat cinereous.
Var. b. Paler piceous; larger.
I have obtained this species in June on Pinus rigida. The body is more oblong than that of anaglypticus ; the humerus 1s less prominent. It occurred in New Jersey, Florida, and the
284 CURCULIONIDES. ’
varieties in Missouri. Can this be C. aratus Germar? His de- scription does not altogether agree with my specimens.
[Also a Conotrachelus—Lxc. |
3. C. FOVEOLATUS.—Black, with large, profound punctures ; elytra with yellowish spots.
Inhabits United States.
Curculio foveolatus Knoch in Melsh. Catal.
Body black, with dilated punctures; head with dense, small punctures; a frontal indentation, and yellow spot; rostrum ro- bust, moderate, arquated, punctured like the head: antenne jointed ; first joint hardly reaching the eyes; thorax with three small yellowish spots and one before; elytra with regular series of large quadrate punctures; several small yellowish spots and a large, irregular one behind: feet unarmed.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
This insect differs so essentially from the characters of this genus as given by Schonherr that it may be separated mages the following name and characters :—
Genus 7y/loderma.—Antenne rather short and robust, eleven- jointed; rostrum moderate, rather robust, arquated; pectus grooved ; postpectus entire; thorax lobed at the eyes; tarsi spongy beneath: elytra covering the tip of the abdomen.
From Cryptorhynchus it is ante netted by the number of joints in the antennee, and in this respect it agrees with Lyprus. Tapinotus and Ulosomus Sch., but the former has the tarsi com- pressed, and in U/osomus the recipient groove is extended upon the postpectus. J have not seen the insect which forms the latter genus, but its characters seem to agree better with the above described than any other. :
4. C. pisignatus.—Elytra with an oblique whitish spot rather before the middle. Blackish brown: body covered with small scales, which are more erect on the thorax ; thorax extended on the posterior middle at the scutel, and acute: elytra with about four elevated lines and intermediate double series of punctures ; an oblique, oval, whitish spot rather before the middle.
Inhabits Indiana.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
[ C. obliquefasciatus Sch. is the same.—LEc.]
CURCULIONIDES.
bo co On
5..C. POSTICATUS nob. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci.
[Is a Conotrachelus.—Lxo. ]
6. C. paRocuus Herbst. (Curculio) Natursyst.
Varies in size. I have a specimen from Missouri, of which the length is nearly one-fourth of an inch.
The recipient groove in this species extends upon the post- pectus and terminates between the intermediate feet.
7. C. ARGULA Fabr. (Phynchzenus) Syst. Eleut.
Curculio nenuphar Herbst. Natursyst.
R. cerasi Peck, Jour. Mass. Agr. Soc. Jany. 1819.
This also varies much in size, and depredates on the plumb and peach and other stone fruits. My kinsman, the late excel- lent Wm. Bartram, informed me that it also destroys the Euro- pean Walnut in this country. [ 20 }
Subgenus CAMPTORHINUS Sch.
8. C. ruBULATUS.—Thorax tubular before; interstitial lines with a series of dusky punctures.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black, punctured : rostrum rather slender, arquated ; be- tween the eyes indented: thorax densely punctured, anteriorly abruptly contracted so as to be almost tubular ; elytra with deeply impressed, punctured strize ; interstitial lines flattened, and with a series of punctures, each furnishing a recurved, whitish hair.
Length under one-fifth of an inch.
I place this small species in the present subgenus, from the character of the eyes, which are very large, remote above and closely approaching beneath.
CEUTORHYNCHUS Schupp.
2. C. ACEPHALUS nob. (Falciger) Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 8, p- 309.
The common whitish line at base of the elytra is rather less obvious than that of C. pericarpius F.
[Belongs to Coliodes Sch.—Lec.]
2. C. crerurA Herbst. (Curculio) Natursyst. 7, p. 70, pl. 100, figs. 5,.C:
I mentioned this species under the name of 4-spinosus in the Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 3, p. 310.
[Belongs to Phytobius.—Lxc. |
286 CURCULIONIDES.
3. C. TRIANGULARIS.—Thorax with two obtuse tubercles ; elytra with a common subtriangular, whitish spot at base.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body robust, short : densely punctured : antennze bright rufous, club blackish: rostrum with somewhat elevated lines; thorax with dense, rather large punctures; a longitudinal indented line in which are white hairs; an obtuse tubercle each side a little behind the middle: elytra with deeply impressed striz, and rather large punctures; interstitial lines transversely rugose ; at base is a common elongated whitish triangular spot; lateral edge. pehind the humerus, white ; beneath with scale-like, white hairs: thighs unarmed.
Length about three-twentieths of an inch.
This is longer than pericarpius F. which it much resembles, but the common spot is much more dilated behind and trian- gular.
4. C. InmQUALIS.—Thorax 4-tuberculate, and bidentate before.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body brown, short and robust: thorax with an indented line, which so indents the anterior edge as to exhibit two denticula- tions in that part; each side of the middle is an obtuse rather large tubercle, and still more lateral and a little posterior is a less obtuse tubercle: elytra with the alternate interstitial lines more elevated.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
I obtained many specimens resting upon a newly constructed fence in the spring.
MONONYCHUS Schupp. M. vutrscuLus Fabr. Schonh. On the flowers of the Ceanothus americanus L. and Verbascur thapsus L. in July.
ZYGOPS Schénh.
1. 4. quERcUS.—Body black, covered with white scales; rostrum a little curved [21] towards the base; front between the eyes very narrow: elytra striated, at tip a little reflected : thighs not obviously emarginated, nor toothed.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
CURCULIONIDES. 287
This is the Curculio quercus Melsh. Catal.
Belongs to the subgenus Copturus Sch.
2. Z. OPERCULATUS nob. (Cryptorhynchus) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.
3. Z. ocULATUS nob. ( Crypiorhynchus) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.
CENTRINUS Schonh.
C. SCUTELLUM ALBUM.—Punctured; with scales ; scutel white.
Inhabits United States.
Curculio scuteilum album Knoch, in Melsh. Catal.
Body black, densely punctured, and with short pale yellowish or whitish scales; head minutely punctured : rostrum long, punc- tured, with a short, impressed line at base: antenne piccous : thorax with dense orbicular punctures covering the whole sur- face; the tip of the posterior middle white at the scutel: scutel white: elytra with deeply impressed strie; interstitial lines flat, broad, densely punctured: beneath with whitish metallic scales, much more dense than on the superior surface.
Length over three-twentieths of an inch.
Var. a. Over one-fifth of an inch, the rostrum is more recti- linear towards the tip.
Var. c. Elytra with a slight piceous tinge.
I have taken this insect in Pennsylvania, Indiana and Mis- souri. The variety is from Arkansaw.
CIONUS Clairv. C. scROPHULARIZ Auct. My specimen is so much like the European individuals that it can hardly be considered to vary from them.
RHYNCHOPHORUS Herbst.
1. R. prwpotens.—Thorax with three black vitte.
Inhabits Arkansaw.
Body black, covered with dense, prostrate, cinereous hairs : rostrum shorter than the head and thorax; thorax with three black vittee, extended behind at the scutel: elytra with double series of punctures; a black vitta on the middle of cach, and 3 narrower subsutural one.
Length more than three-fifths of an inch.
This is a fine insect.
288 CURCULIONIDES.
[Schénherr (3, 62) has described a Lixus praepotens Say, which is evidently this species, he afterwards mentions Say’s description (4, 988) as being of an unknown genus: the insect is unknown to me, unless it should be identical with Cleonus trivittatus Say, Cure. 10, (ante 270); the size given is different, but this is hardly sufficient to warrant us in continuing them as distinct.— Lec. ]
2. R. INTERSTITIALIS.—Thorax nearly as long as the elytra : interstitial lines with a series of punctures.
Inhabits United States.
Body black brown, with large punctures: rostrum linear, a lit- tle curved, punctures large at base, smaller at tip; base grooved above; head punctured, small; antennz rufous: thorax almost as long as the elytra, with double series of punctures; interstitial lines not rounded, and with a series of small punctures: thighs unarmed ; tibize with hair inside, and mucronate at tip.
[This and all the following species belong to Sphenophorus Sch.—LeEc.]
3. R. PERTINAX.—Thorax with three vitte ; elytra regularly striate.
Inhabits Florida.
Calandra pertinax Olivier, Ins. ; Schénh.
Body black, more or less covered with a dense, dull yellowish crust: rostrum arquated compressed: with an elongated groove at base, above attenuated [22] at the tip; thorax particularly covered with the crust, which is punctured, leaving only three elevated, impunctured vittxe, of which the intermediate one is wider before the middle and the lateral ones behind the middle : elytra with slender, acute strize, in which are very small punc- tures ; interstitial lines equal, regular, a little convex.
Length nearly eleven-twentieths of an inch.
4. R. rruncatus.—Thorax with three vitte; elytra with the alternate interstitial lines more obvious.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body black, partially covered with a dirty cinereous crust ; punctured : rostrum arquated, compressed, with an elongated groove at base above, attenuated at tip: thorax with three ele- vated, punctured vitte, of which the intermediate one is dilated
CURCULIONIDES. 289
suboval before the middle, and the lateral ones have an obvious branch extending to the posterior angles ; elytra almost truncate behind ; strie numerous ; interstitial lines slightly punctured, the alternate ones more obvious; two or three strize between the in- terstitial lines.
Length half an inch.
Much like R. pertinaxr, but the broader thoracic vitte, the more numerous striz, unequal interstitial lines and almost trun- cated elytra distinguish it.
5. R. cicarricosus.—Thorax with three vitte; elytra with an elevated line and obsolete dilated indentations.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body black, partially covered with a cinereous crust or pelli- cle ; rostrum arquated, compressed, with a slight groove at base above; thorax with three elevated, dilated, irregular impunc- tured vittee, the lateral ones have an obvious branch extend- ing to the posterior angles: elytra with numerous striz a more obvious, elevated, subsutural, impunctured, interstitial line ; nu- merous dilated, obsolete dots or slight undulations.
Length nearly nine-twentieths of an inch.
_Resembles the preceding as respects the number of striz of the elytra, but their surface is rendered a little irregular by in- dented dots or undulations which are obsolete ; the thoracic vitte are a little truncated at tip.
6. R. venatus.—Thorax trilineate, and with discoidal punc- tures; elytra with capillary strie ; surface a little inequal.
Inhabits United States.
Body black opake, more or less, and particularly the thorax, covered with a dull cinereous deposite ; rostrum with discoidal punctures at base; compressed, a little arquated ; a dilated im- pressed line at base above; thorax with discoidal, equal punc- tures; trilineate, the intermediate line slender, the lateral ones undulated, a little broader, punctured: elytra with distinct, acute striee, punctures large but not profound, obsolete, excepting each side and at base; interstitial lines alternately and very slightly more prominent; surface slightly inequal.
Length over three-tenths of an inch.
Smaller than the preceding species, and the thoracic elevated lines are much more slender.
19
290 CURCULIONIDES.
7. R. REctus.—Thorax with three abbreviated raised lines, and dense discoidal punctures ; elytra with series of punctures.
Inhabits United States.
Body black, opake, covered with a dull cinereous coating ; rostrum compressed, arquated, punctured at base, and with a di- lated, impressed line at base above; antenne piceous: thorax with close set, discoidal punctures ; three elevated lines or narrow vittee, of which the intermediate one is abbreviated into an irre- cular spot before the middle, or almost obliterated by the punc- tures behind, the lateral ones are rectilinear, a little oblique and obliterated before by [23] the punctures: scutel polished ; elytra with regular series of rather large punctures, the four interstitial lines next the suture, on each, more elevated than those of the middle.
Length about three-tenths of an inch.
In comparison with F. venatus the thorax is much more densely punctured, and the lateral vittee are rectilinear,
8. R. rwmuntis.—Naked; thorax profoundly punctured, ex- cepting on the middle and each side of the middle.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body black, slightly polished, not covered by any deposite : rostrum compressed, arquated, with minute punctures at base, and a profound impressed line at base above: antenne piceous : thorax with numerous profound punctures ; a broad impunctured, longitudinal, hardly raised space each side of the middle, extend- ing to the anterior and posterior margins, and a transverse im- punctured space before the middle : scutel polished : elytra with regular, somewhat double series of punctures; interstitial lines regular, convex, alternately a little wider, and wider than the diameter of the punctures.
Length over three-tenths of an inch.
The raised surfaces of the thorax on each side of the middle, and a little before the middle, are but little elevated, impunc- tured; the thoracic punctures are profound and not dilated, particularly a little group on the middle of the anterior margin, and a more extensive double one behind the middle.
9. R. practpus.—Thorax densely punctured; elytra with punctured strize ; feet dull rufous.
Inhabits United States.
CURCULIONIDES. 291
“vu
Body black, punctured: rostrum arquated, compressed, pice- ous towards the base; with an impressed, punctured line; an- tennz piceous: thorax with dense punctures, destitute of obvi- ous elevations: scutel concave, polished: elytra with series of punctures rather wider or as wide as the interstitial lines, which also have a series of small punctures; tip dull piceous: feet rufous, with black incisures.
Length about three-tenths of an inch.
In general shape it resembles R. immunis nob., but the thorax has not very obvious elevations and is more generally punctured; the punctures of the elytral series are larger and the interstitial lines have a series of small punctures; the feet also are rufous.
10. R. INAEQUALIS.—Thorax with numerous discoidal punce- tures ; elytra with the punctures in the series remote.
Inhabits United States.
Body black, more or less covered with a dirty brown pigment or crust, punctured: rostrum moderate, compressed, arquated, with an impressed line at base; therax with discoidal punctures and from one to three slight elevations: elytra with obvious strie, in which are remote punctures ; interstitial lines with ob- long, longitudinal punctures; sutural line with a series of small close set punctures.
Length nearly one-fourth of an inch.
The elytral punctures are remote in the striz, and those of the interstitial lines are much elongated.
11. R. compressirostris nob. (Calandra) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1823. Amer. Ent vol. 1, pl. 9.
Gemar, Coleopt. Sp. Nov. 1824. [24]
COSSONUS OClairv.
1. C. cortrcoLa.—Black ; thorax impressed behind; rostrum with an indented line between the eyes, and another on the mid- dle of the rostrum.
Inhabits United States.
Curculio corticola Melsh. Catal.
Body deep black, immaculate, punctured; head, punctures minute and remote upon the vertex and becoming larger and more dense towards the tip of the rostrum; a profoundly in- dented dilated line between the eyes; rostrum dilated towards
tm:
292 CURCULIONIDES.
the tip, piceous : thorax with a transverse obtusely indented line on the anterior submargin; punctures large separate profound orbicular, minute upon the anterior margin and confluent upon the posterior and lateral margins : middle of the base widely in- dented and with a carinate line in the indentation: elytra pro- foundly striate, striae with large profound transverse punctures.
Length, base of rostrum to tip of elytra more than three-twen- tieths of an inch.
A species equally common in Missouri and Pennsylvania. I have observed it to inhabit in considerable numbers under the loose bark of yellow Pine trees in October.
2. (0. PLATALEA.—Thorax impressed behind; rostrum pune- tured; thorax rather short.
Inhabits United States.
Head punctured, a ‘little indented transversely between the eyes; rostrum dilated towards the tip, punctured: antenne pice- ous; thorax with the punctures not very profound, distant, irre- gular; a basal indentation, with a slight, obtuse carina in the middle of the indentation: rather short, much rounded on the sides; elytra, strie with large punctures; tarsi obscure piceous.
Length nearly one-fourth of an inch-
The thorax is proportionally shorter than that of the corticola, the punctures are less deeply impressed, and the rostrum is not obviously indeated longitudinally. It varies in having the tibie obscure piceous.
DRYOPHTHORUS Schupp.
D. corTicaALis.—Thorax with dilated punctures; elytra with dilated striz.
This is so much like D. 7ymeaylon Fabr. that it is considered the same: but on comparing with my European specimens, I find it smaller and the punctures of the head are obsolete, whereas in the European specimens they are large and obvious. This is the Curculio corticalis Payk. of Melsh. Catalogue. [25]
CURCULIGNIDES. 293
SUPPLEMENT.
ERIRHINUS Sch.
K. EPHIPPIATUS.—Body yellowish-rufous, with numerous pros- trate hairs: thorax with a slightly indented, longitudinal line : elytra with rather wide impressed striae, containing large pune- tures; near the base a common transverse black spot, connected along the suture with another transverse, triangular black spot : beneath, excepting the feet, dusky: thighs unarmed.
Inhabits Indiana.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
2. HK. rurus.—Body pale rufous, with numerous, oblong, whitish prostrate scales: rostrum longer than the head and tho- rax, arquated, linear: elytra with impressed stria: suture, near the scutel, indented : scutel not very obvious.
Inhabits Missouri.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
ANTHONOMUS Germ.
1. A. ERYTHOPTERUS.—Body black-brown : rostrum very slight- ly curved, as long as the head and thorax, thickly punctured : antenne rufous: head not obviously punctured with white, pros- trate hair beneath ; a puncture rather above the line of the eyes : thorax densely punctured: scutel with prostrate white hair, rounded: elytra beyond the middle and excepting at the suture, dull rufous ; with impressed punctured strie ; and with scattered rather short hairs each side: stethidium with prostrate, white hair.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
Curculio erythropterus Melsh. Catal.
Mr. Schonherr informs me that Dejean has given to this spe- cies the name of sutura/is.
B25 JA: SIGNATUS.—Body with numerous, prostrate, white hairs: rostrum longer than the head and thorax, slightly arqua- ted, linear, lineated: scutel oval; elytra sanguineous, with punc- tured, impressed striae ; region of the scutel to the middle of the
294 CURCULIONIDES.
suture, and band of three large, unequal spots behind the middle, brown.
Inhabits United States.
Length less than one-tenth of an inch. [ 26 ]
I adopt the name proposed by Schonherr, in preference to that of sanguinipennis, under which I described it.
BALANINUS Germ. B. constrierus nob. (Rhynchzenus) Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. 5, p. 3138. [Belongs to Hrirhinus.—L«c. ]
TYCHIUS Germ. Sch.
1. T. aratus.—Body entirely covered with pale olivaceous, dense, elongated or rounded scales: rostrum as long as the head and linear; scales like robust hairs; transversely indented over the insertion of the antenne; a longitudinal impressed line ; tip naked, rufous: thorax with the hair-like scales converging back- wards to the dorsal line: elytra with indented striee, punctures are not visible; with densely imbricated, rounded scales : middle of the interstitial lines with a series of prostrate scale-like hairs : thighs unarmed, emarginate.
Inhabits Missouri. -
Length three-twentieths of an inch.
Can this be C. penicellus Herbst ?
2. T. AMOENUS.—Body dark brownish, with minute scales; rostrum somewhat arquated, as long as the head and thorax, dull rufous : thorax narrowed considerably before ; base not undulated , elytra varied with whitish: feet unarmed, dull rufous: tarsi black.
Inhabits United States.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
BARIDIUS Sch.
1. B. niegrinus.—Body black, densely punctured : rostrum arquated, linear; as long as the head and thorax; thorax with rather large, dense punctures, dilated and rounded at the scutel ; scutel as wide as long, rounded behind: elytra with impressed, narrow, punctured striz, and much broader flat interstitial lines, on which are regular, dilated, transverse punctures.
CURCULIONIDES. 295
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Curculio nigrinus Melsh. Catal.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
2. B. INTERSTITIALIS nob. (Rhynchenus) Jour. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. 3, p. 314.
3. B, sconopAx.—Body dark chestnut: rostrum longer than the head and thorax, slightly curved, linear: thorax conic, with small, numerous punctures: elytra deeply impressed, [27] not obviously punctured, a little shorter than the abdomen.
Inhabits Missouri.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
4. B. AcuTipennis:—Body brassy, highly polished, punc- tured : rostrum as long as the head and thorax, arquated, linear : thorax, punctures profound but not close set; base undulated ; elytra with acute, deeply impressed, impunctured striz, which, on the posterior declivity are dilated so as to make the intersti- tial lines acute, and elevated; tip of the elytra on the middle with an elevated, acute tooth.
Inhabits Mexico.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
CRYPTORHYNCHUS Illig.
1. C. RETENTUS.—Body covered by very short, dense, pros- trate hair; rostrum longer than the head and thorax; a little arquated, punctured and on the sides lineated : thorax with two whitish undulated vittze: scutel orbicular: elytra with four elevated, acute, interrupted lines, between which are double series of impressed punctures: elevated lines obsolete on the depressed tip: thighs emarginate towards the tip and bidentate.
Inhabits Mississippi.
Length less than three-tenths of an inch.
It seems to be related to C. obtentus Herbst?
[Belongs to Conotrachelus Sch.—L«c. }
2. CO. LINEATICOLLIS nob. (Rynchenus) Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. 8, p. 313.—As this has evidently the pectoral groove it can- not belong to the genus Z'ylomus, the anterior fect also are dis- tant.
3. C. PALMACOLLIS.—Thorax with numerous small grooves.
296 CURCULIONIDES.
Inhabits United States.
Rostrum longer than the head and thorax, with elevated lines: antenne sanguineous: thorax with numerous small grooves con- verging at the dorsal line: elytra with double series of large punctures, the intervening lines elevated, acute: thighs with an acute tooth.
Inhabits United States.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
Allied to lineaticollis N., but the punctures of the elytra [28] are larger; body smaller.
[Vide ante, p. 279.—LEc.]
4. C. cRIBRICOLLIS.—Body black ; with numerous, very short hairs: rostrum as long as the head and thorax, transversely in- dented between the eyes: antenne rufous: thorax much nar- rower before; the whole surface covered by large concave punc- tures, without any very flat space between them: elytra _ much wider than the thorax, with rather wide, impressed striz, in which are close set punctures.
Inhabits Mississippi.
Length nearly three-twentieths of an inch.
[Is a Conotrachelus.—Lx0. ]
5. C. oBLIQUUS.—Body covered with orbicular scales, which are dusky, black and white: thorax with three distinct black dots, placed transversely : scutel small, black: elytra triangular ; region of the scutel, extending from the humerus to the suture, dusky, in which are about two black spots; then a very oblique cinereous band; then a dusky band on the middle; then a cine- reous band ; tip dusky ; with punctured strie.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Length less than one-fourth of an inch.
Schonherr informs me that Dejean has given the name of
umbrosus to this species, [and it is so described in his work 4,
116.—Lxc.]
6. C. FERRATUS.—Body black, with minute, orbicular scales : thorax confluently punctured: rostrum not quite as long as the head and thorax, cylindric, hardly arquated: elytra striate, not visibly punctured, with numerous, yellowish-brown, small, un-
%
CURCULIONIDES. 297
equal spots; interstitial lines rounded, somewhat unequally elevated.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
BAGOUS Germ.
1. B. MAMILLATUS.—Cinereous ; elytra tuberculate.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body cinereous : elytra, each with two tubercles behind the middle, placed obliquely, a smaller one on the middle and the humerus with a small tubercle: thighs clavate: tibia much ar- quated towards the tip, and at tip acute, with [29] rather long, rigid hair on their inner side.
Length nearly three-twentieths of an inch.
2. B. simpLeExX.—Covered with dusky, somewhat olivaceous, orbicular scales: rostrum shorter than the head and thorax : thorax with a slight appearance of an impressed band on the middle ?; elytra with an impressed strie; punctures not visible ; strize obsolete on the posterior declivity, excepting the two exte- rior ones; humerus rather prominent: tibiz, intermediate pair more arquated.
Inhabits United States.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
Schonherr informs me that Dejean has given the name of egenus to this species.
3. B. #rEUS.—Body dull brassy : rostrum short, thick: thorax not obviously punctured above, lateral punctures not deeply im- pressed : scutel distinct: elytra with striz of punctures at base, none beyond the middle: feet rufous: thighs slender.
Inhabits United States.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
Schoénherr has separated this species under the generic name of Analcis. Dejean proposed for it the specific name of zeus, L formerly described it under the name of semipunctatus.
TYLODES Sch.
Subgenus AcALLEs Sch.
T. cLAVATUS.—Body brown, covered with short, upright, clavate bristles: rostrum moderate, arquated: thorax with the
298 CURCULIONIDES.
punctures visible: elytra with striz of punctures, the clavate
bristles on the interstitial lines. Tnhabits Florida.
Length nearly one-tenth of an inch.
CEUTORHYNCHUS Schiipp.
C. curtus.—Body short, robust, blackish: rostrum as long as the thorax, arquated, cylindrical: thorax narrowed before, with rather ‘large numerous, impressed punctures ; a transverse, im- pressed line on the anterior margin ; and a longitudinal, impressed line, more obvious at base; each side rather behind the middle is a smaller, subacute tubercle: [30] elytra, region of the scutel impressed ; striae profound and as wide as the interstitial lines: thighs rather slender, unarmed.
Inhabits United States.
Length less than one-tenth of an inch.
[Is a Coeliodes—LEC. ]
CLEOGONUS Sch.
C. SEDENTARIUS.—Body with minute scales, of a blackish or dusky color, but with a few irregular, small, whitish patches, of which the largest is on the posterior declivity of the elytra, ex- tending by two branches to the tip: thorax with rather large punctures: scutel small, rounded, white: elytra, striae hardly im- pressed, with very large, not close set, longitudinal punctures : thighs with a white annulus near the tip: tarsi with silvery hairs, sericeous.
Inhabits Florida.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
[Placed by Schénherr in Pseudomus.—LEc. ]
COSSONUS Clairv.
C. MULTIFORUS.—Body blackish-chestnut : rostrum moderate, rather robust, a little arquated, with large punctures, and with the antenne, rufous : thorax long, with very large, crowded punc- tures: elytra with a strie of large punctures, wider than the in- terstitial lines: feet simple, rufous.
Inhabits Mexico.
Length over one-tenth of an inch.
CURCULIONIDES. 299
RHYNCHOLUS Creutz. Sch.
©. LATINASUS.— Body glabrous, blackish chestnut: rostrum broad, short, a little narrower in the middle, confluently punc- tured: thorax with numerous, profound and not very dense punctures ; somewhat depressed ; sides regularly arquated ; elytra, striz about equal to the interstitial lines, impressed; punctures regular, profound, dense: thighs abruptly clavate, unarmed
Inhabits Florida.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
300 INSECTS OF LOUISIANA.
New species of North American Insects, found by Joseph Barabiao, chiefly in Louisiana.
New Harmony, Indiana, January, 1832.
COLEOPTERA.
BUPRESTIS Linn.
B. THUREURA.—Scutel transversely elongated.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body brassy greenish, with dilated, unequal, impressed punc- tures: vertex with an acute, longitudinal, impressed line: antennze green: thorax with the punctures more confluent each side, and a longitudinal, glabrous line: scutel transversely elongated, sub- bilobate: elytra with punctured striz; interstitial lines irregu- larly punctured and with unequal and irregular glabrous spaces : edge not obviously serrate; tip with a narrow subemarginate truncation : beneath cupreous, anal segment emarginate.
Length less than four-fifths of an inch.
The breadth of the scutel is considerably more than double its length. It resembles Jurida F. (which is corrosa Dej.) but the extraordinary latitude of the scutel distinguishes it; that species has also bidentate elytra, and a tridentate anal segment.
[Belongs to Poecilonota.—LEc. |
DERMESTES Fabr.
D. nusitus.—Thorax with ferruginous hair and black*dots ; elytra clouded with gray and black.
Inhabits United States.
Body black, with dense, short hair; head, hair mixed ferrugin- ous and gray: antennz rufous: thorax, hair mixed [4] ferru- ginous and gray, with numerous, orbicular, black dots, rather larger behind and less orbicular: elytra marbled with grayish or cinereous hairs; beneath densely covered on the postpectus and venter with prostrate white hair: a small black spot each side of the former and a lateral one on each ventral segment : feet dusky, an undulated whitish band on the thighs.
Length about three-tenths of an inch.
This is one of our two species that are referred to the murinus F. My Europeaa specimens of that species are much mutilated,
INSECTS OF LOUISIANA. 30%
but the puncture upon the middle of each of the two posterior ventral segments is very obvious, and does not exist in the pre- sent insect. I have found it in Florida and Pennsylvania. Dr. Pickering sent me an individual from Salem, Massachusetts. It resembles marmoratus nob., which is a much larger insect and has the two ventral punctures like murinus but smaller,
[The ventral punctures mentioned are not specific but sexual characters.—LEc. |
ATEUCHUS Fabr.
A. HUM£cTUS.—Blue-black, glabrous, impunctured; elytra with minute strie.
Inhabits Mexico.
Body black with a decided tinge of blue or violaceous, impune- tured, glabrous, polished: head simple, bidentate at tip: antenne cinereous-black, dull ferruginous at base: thorax simple, rather convex: elytra somewhat convex, striz acute but remarkably slender and slightly impressed, not visible to the unassisted eye. [5]
Length nine-twentieths of an inch.
Much smaller than volvens Fabr., which it resembles much in the form of the head, but the present species is polished and entirely impunctured.
[Belongs to Canthon.—LEc. |
TROX Fabr.
T. HQUALIS.—Elytra simply striate, the interstitial spaces con- vex with ferruginous fascicles.
Inhabits United States.
Body brown-black, punctured: palpi and antennz rufous: thorax not deeply impressed along the middle: elytra regularly and simply striated: interstitial lines equal, a little convex, with oblong fascicles of ferruginous hair; feet black-piceous.
Length one-fourth of an inch.
This species inhabits various parts of the Union, and [ re- ceived a specimen several years since, from Dr. Melsheimer, un- der the name I have adopted. It resembles arenarius F. of which however the alternate interstitial lines are more elevated.
(SN) => bo
INSECTS OF LOUISIANA.
LAMIA Fabr.
L. crypra.—Clothed with dark ferruginous, prostrate hair.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body densely covered with short, prostrate, dark reddish fer- ruginous hair, concealing the punctures: antenne not longer than the body, joints gradually diminishing in [6] length, eleven in number, the terminal ones with a gray basal annulus: thorax with the anterior and posterior diameters equal, with a tubercle, or short, obtuse, spine each side: elytra with the slight punctured series almost concealed by the hair; a sutural strive obliterated at base, but passing around the tip and uniting with a stria on the exterior margin, which reaches the base ; tip rounded.
Length three-fifths of an inch.
I have seen no other specimen than the individual sent me by Mr. Barabino.
[It belongs to the genus Stenosoma Muls., and was described by Haldeman as Ataxia sordida, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, 56.—
LEc. ] ALTICA F. [llliger.]
1. A. ExApra.—Dark-green ; thorax with a transverse line ; feet tinged with piceous.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body oblong-oval, dark-green, sometimes with a tinge of blue: head not obviously punctured: antenne tinged with piceous, particularly at base: mouth somewhat piceous: thorax not ob- viously punctured, with a tinge of brassy, narrower than the elytra, a little indented each side before the middle, and on the posterior submargin an indented, obtuse line, not very profound, extending each side to the lateral margin where it curves ante- riorly and is lost in the depressed edge: scutel somewhat violace- ous: elytra, distinctly punctured on the basal half; and having a slight brassy tinge: beneath greenish-black, more or less, but always slightly, tinged with brassy: tibiee and tarsi a little tinged with piceous.
Length three-twentieths of an inch. [7]
In comparison with the chalybea Mlig. this is smaller and more slender ; the color more greenish, though equally dark; the tho-
INSECTS OF LOUISIANA. 308
rax is narrower in proportion to the width of the elytra, and the impressed line is much less profound.
2. A. ocREATA.—Pale honey-yellow ; antenng, tibie and tarsi black.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body pale honey-yellow; antenne, excepting the first and second joints, black; thorax on the posterior submargin haying a transverse groove, which does not reach the lateral margin, but at its extremities it is abruptly reflected to the posterior edge; elytra destitute of strive; feet with the knees, tibia, and tarsi black. ;
Length three-twentieths of an inch.
Many species have the groove on the posterior submargin of the thorax, such as ignita Llig. helxines Fabr., &c. but in the present species this groove, at each of its extremities, is abruptly turned backward and terminates at the posterior edge of the tho- rax.
HEMIPTERA.
PENTATOMA Oliv.
1. P. Brrmpa.—Metasternum elevated and bifid at the tips.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body oval, pale ochre-yellow, with the impressed punctures dusky : head very short, wide and obtuse: antennze, second joint rather larger than the third ; last joint rather [8] longer than the penultimate: thorax, posterior angles rounded, not prominent; punctures distinct, very obvious; an impressed submarginal an- terior line, curving backward towards the posterior angles, and another near the edge of the anterior emargination : scutel, punc- tures remote ; white at tip; hemelytra, punctures nearer to each other : tergum brownish, margin paler : beneath paler than above ; intermediate and posterior pairs of feet widely separated trans- versely by the metasternum (Kirby) which is more prominent than the coxe, impunctured, bifarious at each extremity, ante- riorly terminating midway between the anterior and intermediate feet and receiving the extremity of the very short promuscis, pos- teriorly receiving the prominent point of the epigastrium : venter with an obtuse slightly elevated carina.
Length over two-fifths of an inch.
304 INSECTS OF LOUISIANA.
The species in which this character of the elevated metasternum occurs, and in which the tarsi have the usual number of joints, may be distinguished as a subgenus under the name of Asera.
[Belongs to Edessa, and is probably one of the Mexican species described by the older authors.—UHLER. ]
2. P. reENEBROSA.—Blackish ; antennez and feet varied with white.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body densely punctured, blackish: head narrow, long, acute at the tip: eyes prominent: antenng, second and third joints equal ; all the joints white at their bases excepting the first: ros- trum yellowish, terminating between the posterior feet: thorax with prominent, acute spines at the posterior angles, inclined a little forwards; elevated behind, anterior angles somewhat trun- cate, not reaching [9] the eyes, lateral edge simple: scutel with a few, obsolete yellow points; tip yellowish ; hemelytra with afew obsolete, yellow points: feet yellowish; tip of the thighs and points on the tibieze and on the tarsi black.
Length nearly half an inch.
PENTATOMA.
P. HILARIS.—Green ; tips of the three last joints of the an- tennze blackish or rufous.
Inhabits United States.
Body bright green, punctures very numerous and dense ; edges of the head, thorax, hemelytra and abdomen white, yellowish, or rufous : antenne, second and third joints, subequal, the latter longer, third and following black or rufous at their tips: thorax, lateral edge rectilinear from the anterior angle to the posterior rounded angle: abdomen on the edge with a black point at each incisure : rostrum terminating between the posterior feet.
Length from half an inch to more than three-fifths.
It inhabits various parts of the Union. Nuttall gave me two individuals which he obtained in Misssouri ; Mr. Oemler sent me one from Georgia, that varies in being somewhat shorter and more robust than the others; Mr. Barabino sent me two, and I haye also found them abundantly in this State. A label attached to one in my cabinet says “like pensylvanica Beauv. pl. 11, but not the same. I have not present at access to Beauvois’ work. Sexes alike. [10]
INSECTS OF LOUISIANA. 305
y
[Nezara pennsylvanica Beauy. (1805) pl. 11, fig. 5: Rhaphi- gaster sarpinus Dallas, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hemipt. (1851) part 1, 276.—UHLER. |
RHINUCHUS Kirby.
1. R. nasuLus.—Posterior tibiae, in all their length, dilated and compressed.
Inhabits Georgia, Florida and Louisiana.
Body fuscous: head with a projecting spiniform termination : antennze reddish brown ; basal joint as long as the second, fuscous; terminal joint longer than the penultimate, yellowish: thorax with small, elevated dots ; lateral angles more or less prominent : hemelytra, membranaceous part blackish: tergum on the lateral margin with a short whitish line at the incisures: thighs spinous beneath, posterior pair much thickened: tibie yellowish ; poste- rior pair fuscous, dilated and compressed in their whole length ; inner edge minutely denticulate ; exterior edge very obtusely a little undulated : width decreasing to the tip.
Length one inch.
A large species. One of the spines of the posterior thighs is sometimes much more prominent than the others. I received several specimens from Mr. Oemler of Savannah, and I obtained one in Florida besides these sent me by Mr. Barabino from Louisiana.
The posterior tibize are much more slender at tip than those of compressipes F.
2. R. pecrivis.—Thorax dilated at the posterior angles; be- neath whitish sericeous.
Inhabits Georgia and Louisiana.
Body dark brown: head with an acute or spinous tip: antennze dark ferruginous, terminal joint paler : thorax [11] much elevated behind; the anterior declivity being almost vertical and sericeous with very short, whitish hairs; numerous, small, distant tuber- cles; lateral edge with short, thick spines; posterior angles dilated, subacute at tip: scutel with a marginal impressed line and dull whitish tip: beneath whitish sericeous: feet black, fuscous ; thighs with four or five spines beyond the middle, pos- terior pair not greatly dilated ; posterior tibiee dilated their whole length, more prominent towards the exterior base.
Length one inch and one-fifth.
20
306 INSECTS OF LOUISIANA.
A large species. The posterior tibiz have considerable resem- blance to Drury’s figure of those of compressipes F., but the pos- terior angles of the thorax are much more dilated.
REDUVIUS Fabr.
R. PECTORALIS.—A complicated spine beneath the eye, and a projecting spine on each side of the pectus before.
Inhabits Indiana, Florida and Louisiana.
Body dark cinereous: head spinous beneath, canaliculate behind: antenne, first joint more robust; second joint a little longer; third shortest; fourth nearly as long as the third; be- neath the eye a branched spine, behind which is a smaller one: base of the head with four tubercles above, and spines each side ; rostrum, first joint mnch longest; thorax with impressed lines, somewhat canaliculate ; pectus before with two parallel, promi- nent, somewhat arquated spines extending on each side of the tip of the rostrum ; anterior pair of feet a little more robust: [12] thighs obsoletely spotted and lineated : tibiae annulated : pos- terior feet much longest.
Length less than half an inch.
When at rest the first joint of the antenne is porrect, and the remaining joints inflected.
ZELUS Fabr.
Z. BILOBUS.—Yellowish ; thoracic spot, feet and base and tip of the hemelytra black.
Inhabits Georgia and Louisiana.
Body yellowish, more or less tinged with fulvous : elongated : head elongated, immaculate : antennae - : rostrum piceous on the second and third joints: thorax bilobate: anterior lobe convex, with a longitudinal impressed line; posterior portion with a black disk ; hemelytra black, with a yellowish band on the tip of the corium, and humerus yellowish : feet black, long : post- pectus with a blackish spot over the intermediate feet : coxa and ‘trochanters yellowish.
Length over seven-tenths of an inch.
This ingect was sent to me by Oemler of Savannah, and by Mr. Barabino of Louisiana.
It is a little hke ¢awus Fabr., but is much larger and unarmed.
INSECTS OF LOUISIANA. 307
PETALOCHIRUS Beauv.
P. BIGUTTATUS.—Hemelytra with a yellow spot beyond the middle and another at base.
Inkabits Louisiana.
Body black: antenne brown: promuscis and feet dull honey yellow: scutel at tip extending into an obtuse spine: hemelytra, around the tip of the scutel a yellow spot, and an orbicular ene on each beyond the middle: abdomen yellowish on the margin.
Length seven-tenths of an inch.
A fine insect, readily known by the two yellow spots on the hemelytra. The disk which occupies the extremity of the ante- rior tibia, in this species is not confined to the extremity, but ex- tends up the inner side of the tibiae, nor is its limit so definite as in some other species.
[Belongs to Pirates,.and is P. mutillarius Fabr. Syst. Rhyng. 280: Herrich Schiffer, 8, pl. 269, fig. 829.—UnuEr. ]
TETTIGONIA Latr.
T. coaaguLATA.—Head and thorax irrorate with dull yellow- ish ; anterior tibize subclavate.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body dusky, brownish: head depressed above, rather longer than the width between the eyes, rounded before and bounded by an obtuse edge; not gibbous beneath; obsoletely irrorate with dull yellowish : thorax obsoletely irrorate with dull yellow- ish, which on the scutel is still more obscure: hemelytra sub- hyaline, immaculate, somewhat tinged with bluish towards the tip: tergum blue-black, with a yellow lateral margin, broader towards the [14] base: pleura dusky, irrorate with dull yellow- ish: pectus yellowish: feet yellowish, more or less reticulate with blackish on the thighs; anterior tibie gradually a little dilated to the tip and with their tarsi dusky ; intermediate tibiae with a black line; posterior tibiee with the obtuse spines of the exterior side black, giving a regular series of black points: venter yellow, segments black at their bases.
Length under half an inch.
308 INSECTS OF LOUISIANA.
In comparison with irrorata F., which it most resembles, the anterior termination of the head is more obtusely rounded trans- versely, rather longer and much less convex on the inferior front: the hemelytra are more hyaline and are not spotted; the color of the abdomen is quite different and the anterior tibise are sub- clavate.
HYMENOPTERA.
SPHEX.
S. HABENA.—Black, head and thorax varied with golden.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Front and nasus golden: antennz entirely black : behind the eyes a large golden spot: collar golden: thorax with a golden vitta each side, meeting before the scutel and anteriorly curved downward before the wings and terminating in a double spot on the pleura: metathorax, a transverse line under the scutel, disk and line each side extending to the posterior coxe golden: wings tinged with ferruginous at base and dusky towards the tip: third cubital cellule triangular, anteriorly almost acute: first recurrent [15] nervure almost continuous with the dividing nervure of the second and third cellules: abdomen entirely black, a little sericeous at base; petiole short, distinct: feet en- tirely black.
Length over one inch.
Intimately connected with S. (Chlorion) ichneumoneus F. but aside from some differences in the neuration of the wings, the abdomen and feet are entirely black.
DIPTERA. SCIARA Latr.
S. pimip1aTA.—Black ; abdomen dull fulvous, black at tip.
Tnhabits Louisiana.
Female.—Thorax polished: wings fuliginous; costal margin blackish ; middle nervure very distinct: poisers blackish: abdo- men dull fulvous, with a few blackish hairs on the three basal joints, fourth joint a little darker; tip black: feet piceous-black.
Length of the body less than one-fifth of an inch.
INSECTS OF LOUISIANA. 309
DILOPHUS Meig.
D. sryaius.—Black, polished ; inferior transverse wing ner- vure distinct.
Inhabits Louisiana.
Body entirely black, immaculate, polished; thorax with the anterior series of spines slightly interrupted: wings dark fuli- ginous, blackish on the costal margin ; transverse [ 16] nervures distinct; a darker shade on the stigma: anterior tibie with a series of spines on the middle and another at tip.
Length to the tip of the wings about one-fourth of an inch.
The ultimate cross nervure joins the middle nervure before the bifid portion. The sexes are alike in their markings. This spe- cies differs from the orbatus Wied., which is destitute of an ob- vious ultimate cross nervure.
[The name must be changed, as there is another Dilophus stygius Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 6, 155. I would take the present to be a synonym of D. orbatus Say, if the sexes were not here stated to be alike in their markings.—SAcKEN. |
310 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA
Descriptions of new species of HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA of North America.
New Harmony, Indiana, December, 1831.* -
SCUTELLERA Lam.
S. VIRIDIPUNCTATA.—Piceous, with green impressed punctures.
Inhabits Florida.
Body entirely piceous or dark-reddish, with all the punctures, above and beneath distinctly bright green ; thoracic punctures more numerous on the anterior lateral margins: scutel with a . black spot each side before the middle ; feet honey yellow.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
I obtained two individuals when in Hast Florida with Mr. Maclure. |
[This is Pachycoris chrysorrhoeus Fabr. Syst. Rhyng, 138: Germar. Zeitsch. 1, 95, and is found in S. Carolina, Florida and Mississippi.—UHLeEp. |
TETYRA Fab. Leach.
1. T. MARMORATA.— Variegated ; costal margin with transverse fuscous lines.
Inhabits New Jersey.
Body variegated with more or less bright yellow and fuscous ; punctures numerous; antennz pale reddish-brown; scutel with the fuscous color almost reticulate : hemelytra, coriaceous portion with transverse fuscous lines or spots: tergum on the margin with quadrate fuscous spots: feet yellow, with brown points.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
This insect is very variable in the arrangement and _bright- ness of its colors. It inhabits the Pine regions of New Jersey, whence ‘several individuals were sent to me by my brother, B.
Say.
*This memoir is taken from a reprint by Dr. Asa Fitch, in the Trans- actions of the New York State Agricultural Society for 1857; I have never seen an original copy of it and can consequently give only the paging of the reprint. —L«rc.
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. Si.
2. T. FIMBRIATA nob., Amer. Entom. vol. 3. much resembles 7’. diana F., which, however, is somewhat larger, with fulyous markings and blackish antenne and feet. The latter is a [756] southern species and I have obtained many specimens from New Orleans, preserved in a solution of muriate of mercury.
THYREOCORIS Schrank.
T. HISTEROIDES.—Blackish, antenne dull honey-yellow.
Inhabits United States.
Body oval, greenish-black, polished, with rather small, not dense or profound punctures; antennz dull honey-yellow: feet dark piceous.
Length from over three-twentieths to one-fifth of an inch.
Resembles 7’. scarabacvides Linn., but is larger, the puncturing is less profound and not so dense. The dateralis F. has the mar- gin of the hemelytra white. It is a common insect and varies in magnitude.
Nuttall presented me with a large individual from Arkansaw..
[This is Corimelaena nitiduloides Wolff, Icones Cimicum, 98, tab. 10, fig. 92, which dating in 1802 has priority —Uutenr. ]
2. T. ALBIPENNIS.—Fulvous; hemelytra white.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body pale fulvous, oval; head; thorax blackish before and on each side: lateral margin white: scutel each side at base with a small black spot: hemelytra white with a small rufous spot: be- neath piceous: lateral margin of the pectus white.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
This insect is mutilated ; but it is a very distinct species. I obtained it on the Missouri river, when with Major Long’s ex- ploring party.
EDESSA Fab. Lat.
1. F. crucrara.—aAbove with a sanguineous cross.
Inhabits United States.
Body greenish yellow: antennz pale rufous: thorax with a sanguineous band on the posterior margin extending upon the lateral obtuse angles; hemelytra, the coriaceous portion, witli the inner and posterior margins sanguineous, giving the appear-
312 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
ance of a cross on the back: beneath yellowish: venter with ab- breviated, lateral, slender, sanguineous lines, tip sanguineous.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
When the hemelytra are at rest their sanguineous margins re- present a common cross.
Curtis gives this genus the name of Acanthosoma, but the character upon which it is instituted enters into the natural [757] character of Edessa, as stated by Fabricius, “Sterno seepius elevato,” notwithstanding which, however, he referred some of the species to another genus, probably without observing their dis- tinguishing trait.
2. E. LATERALIS.—Tergum sanguineous, lateral margin yellow with a black spot.
Inhabits North-west Territory and Canada.
Body yellowish-green, with large, sparse, dusky punctures: antenne a little tinged with rufous; terminal joint blackish at tip: thorax on the edge immediately behind the posterior lateral angles obtusely deeply emarginate: hemelytra slightly bifasciate with pale fuliginous and a slight spot of the same color on the membranaceous portion: tergum sanguineous: lateral margin yel- low, interrupted with quadrate black spots; venter pale sangui- neous, with deeper colored punctures and lateral transverse ab- breviated lines.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
A smaller species than the preceding and quite distinct by many characters. I obtained several specimens in Major Long’s expedition to the source of St. Peter’s river.
PENTATOMA Oliv. Lat.
}~ Thorax armed on each side with a spine or prominent angle.
1. P. cyntcA.—Yellowish, with impressed rufous punctures ; antenne rufous.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body yellowish tinged with green; with numerous impressed punctures, those beneath more strongly contrasting: head before the eyes rather wider near the tip than in the middle: antenne pale rufous, first joint oval, yellowish ; second joint considerably longer than the third; thorax with the posterior lateral angles prominent, acute: anterior to which the edge is granulated; tergum
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 313
o
rufous; lateral margin yellowish-rufous, with blackish incisural margins; rostrum robust.
Length over three-fifths of an inch.
This insect was presented to me by Nuttall. It differs from punctipes nob., inasmuch as that common species has the second joint of the antenne shorter than the third; and ultimate joints are black ; the punctures of the body also are [758] black, the feet have black points and the rostrum is slender. The pre- sent species is also larger.
2 P. aucuR.—Thoracic spines pointing forward; beneath with five vitte.
Inhabits Georgia.
Body rather slender, attenuated from the thoracic spines to the posterior extremity; yellowish-green ; head with two vitte of impressed black punctures; antenne pale rufous; first joint long oval; third joint longer than the second; thorax, spines acute, pointing forwards; punctures of the disc pale rufous, of the lateral margin blackish; scutel and hemelytra, punctures blackish: beneath with three or five vittee of black punctures; thighs with black points.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
In most respects this agrees with typhaeus F., but it has no sanguineous mark in the middle of the hemelytra. It was sent to me by Mr. Oemler, of Savannah.
3. P. EMARGINATA—Bluish ; scutel with three fulvous dots.
Inhabits Georgia.
Body purplish blue ; rostrum pale fulvous; thorax at posterior angles, with a cylindrical emarginate spine; scutel having three orbicular fulvous spots: feet at base pale fulvous: beneath, under the rostrum, region of the feet, middle of the ventral base, anus, and triangular lateral spot fulyous.
Length half an inch.
Female—Thorax with the anterior and lateral margins and longitudinal line in the middle dull fulvous ; the two basal spots of the scutel sometimes confluent.
Length three-fifths of an inch.
The floridanus Linn., is described to be black, otherwise I should suppose this to be related to it; that species is said to be
314 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
an inhabitant or South America. I received this species from Mr. Oemler of Savannah, as an inhabitant of Georgia.
The basal joint of the antenne is oblong-oval and the third joint is rather longer than the second.
4, P. rristig¢mMa-—Venter with a series of three or four black dots, the posterior one largest.
Inhabits United States. . [ 759 ]
Above pale yellowish-olive or whitish-olivaceous, with dense blackish punctures and a few small, irregular, scattered, impune- tured spots: posterior portion of the eye beneath whitish: an- tenne rufous: fourth and fifth joints brown, excepting the base of the fourth; second joint considerably shorter than the third : a black line from the base of the antenne to the eye: thorax with the lateral angles rather prominent, angulated but not spini- form; lateral edge whitish and concavely arquated: blue-black, on the lateral margin with a pale dot on the middle of each seg- ment: beneath yellow, with reddish points, with a black spot on the middle of each of the three or four posterior segments, the posterior one largest and oval: feet pale, with black points; a black point at the termination of each incisure.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
Female, with a black line on the middle of the one or two pos- terior segments of the venter.
Length nearly two-fifths of an inch.
This species is not rare. It resembles P. punctipes nob., Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. 4, p. 314, which is so common on thistles, &e., but is smaller and is distinguished by the ventral spots, and black points on the lateral edge of the venter.
5. P. servA.—Above pale dull yellowish, with dense black punctures: head with a black edge; a black line from the base of the antennze to the eye: eye on the posterior portion whitish: antennze yellowish, dusky at tip, second joint hardly shorter than the third: thorax, lateral edge granulated and concavely ar- quated ; lateral angles prominent but rounded : scutel whitish on the posterior edge: tergum blue-black, with yellowish spots on the margins: beneath yellow, with a black point at the lateral tip of each incisure: feet with black points.
Length one-half an inch.
Inhabits United States.
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. a5
I have found specimens in Pennsylvania and Florida. It is larger than P. punctipes nob., and the lateral thoracic angles are prominent, but not angulated, as they are in that species. The punctipes also is destitute of the black points at the lateral termi- nations of the ventral incisures. [ 760 }
tt Thorax unarmed with a spine.
6. P. rigaTa.—Dull olive green, external edge sanguineous.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body olive green, rather dull; confluently punctured : antennz black ; second joint rather longer than the third: thorax, lateral margin sanguineous passing to yellowish on its inner side; scutel at tip bright sanguineous: hemelytra sanguineous on the lateral margin nearly to the middle, abdomen on the lateral margin from the middle to the tip sanguineous: beneath tinged with yellow on the pectus : feet greenish, yellowish at base.
Length eleven-twentieths of an inch.
Presented to me by Nuttall as a native of Missouri. The edge of the head is not reddish.
[Is P. rufocinctum H. Schf., Wanz. Ins. 4, pl. 139, fig. 436. Found in Missouri and Texas; Dr. Fitch says, what I very much doubt, that it occurs in New York.—Un er. ]
7. P. nartcornis.—Second joint of the antenne elongated, compressed ; lateral margins of the thorax red.
Inhabits United States.
Body somewhat depressed ; marbled with fuscous and brown- ish-cinereous; antennze second joint compressed and grooved, as long as the anterior tibi; remaining joints; ; thorax on the lateral edge denticulate; lateral margin rufous: posterior angles a little prominent, rounded: hemelytra on the lateral basal margin rufous: tergum, margin alternating with rufous and black : beneath dusky, pale about the insertion of the feet; rostrum extending beyond the insertion of the posterior feet.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
Aspect of P. annulata F., but widely distinct. It perhaps ought to be in the previous division of the genus inasmuch as the lateral thoracic angles are a little prominent; but they are obtusely rounded. Belongs to the genus Halys Fabr.
316 RETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
8. P. sentiis.—Long oval; tergum blackish, with two paler spots at tip.
Inhabits United States.
Body greenish-olivaceous, rather dull; rather oblong or long subovate; with rather close-set punctures, somewhat confluent on the scute] and thorax, more distinct on the hemelytra, and smaller and more dense on the head: head emarginate at tip ; tubercle which supports the antennz extended into an obvious acute spine : antennee dull rufous, a little hairy ; second joint [761] slightly longer than the third: thorax a little paler on the lateral margin ; lateral edge rather concave than rectilinear: hemelytra rather paler on the exterior margin ; membranaceous tip almost of the same color: tergum black, with a dull yellowish margin; pe- nultimate segment with two large obscure yellowish, quadrate spots.
Length over three-fifths of an inch.
This species is rather more slender than usual, and the tuber- cle which supports the antennz is a little produced into an acute spine.
9. P. Hi~ARi1s.—Oblong-oval; green; tips of the three last joints of the antennz blackish or rufous, the two last whitish at base.
Inhabits United States.
P. hilaris nob., New Sp. N. Am. Ins. found by J. Barabino, 1882, p.9. [Ante, p. 304.]
Body bright green; punctures very numerous and dense ; edges of the head, thorax and abdomen, white yellowish or ru- fous; antennee, second and third joints subequal, the latter longer, third and following black or rufous at their tips, whitish at their base, the ultimate one whitish at tip; thorax, lateral edge rectilinear from the anterior angle to the posterior rounded angle: abdomen on the edge with a black point at each incisure ; rostrum terminated between the posterior feet.
Length from one half to more than three-fifths of an inch.
This species inhabits various parts of the Union. Nuttall gave me two individuals which he obtained in Missouri; Mr. Barabino sent me two from Louisiana, and I have also found it in this State. A label attached to one in my cabinet says “ like
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 317
pensylvanicus Beauv. pl. 2, but not the same.” TI have not at present access to Beauvois’ work. Sexes alike.
10. P aBrupTa.—Green; short oval ; edges of the head, thorax and abdomen whitish.
Inhabits Georgia.
Body rounded-oval ; immaculate, densely punctured ; edges of the head, thorax and of the base of the hemelytra obsoletely whitish : antenn, second and third joints nearly equal; third and fourth, black at tip ; fifth
: thorax with the anterior angles obtusely rounded, a small tubercle at the tip of the eye; lateral [762] edge convexly arquated; posterior angles obtusely rounded : beneath green; region of the base of the feet a little tinged with brownish ; abdomen on the lateral edge whitish with a black point at each incisure; spiracles white with a blackish point.
Length nine-twentieths of an inch.
Much like the preceding, but it is shorter and more rounded, and the lateral edges of the thorax are decidedly arquated. The specimen is deficient in the terminal joint of the antenne. It was presented to me by Mr. Oemler. I formerly supposed it a variety of hilaris.
11. P. r1nsERTA.—Thorax deeply emarginate before, rounded each side; venter with with a series of black dots.
Inhabits Missouri and Arkansaw.
Body oval, pale yellowish, with numerous black punctures on every part, excepting the membranaceous portion of the hemely- tra: head unarmed, seated very deeply in the thorax: thorax profoundly emarginate before for the reception of the head; lateral edge arquated, so as to include the posterior angles in the curve; line on the middle and posterior narrow margin im- punctured : scutel with a longitudinal impunctured line extend- ing to the middle: hemelytra nervures impunctured: tergum black, densely punctured margin of the general color: beneath with two black spots behind the anterior feet; venter with a series of black dots; lateral margin darker or blackish at the in- cisures; feet with black points.
Length half an inch.
318 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
The specimen from the Arkansaw was given me by Nuttall. The lateral line of the thorax is less oblique than that of the preceding species, and the thorax is somewhat more depressed.
(Male) destitute of the ventral spot?
12. P. saucra.—Seutel with a yellowish line ; hemelytra with a fuscous line.
Inhabits United States.
Body greenish-yellow ; punctures not dense, but rather more so on the head and scutel: antennz rufous, paler at base; basal joint greenish: supporting tubercle with a short acute conic spine: thorax, lateral edge rectilinear to the posterior rounded angle; [ 763] scutel with a distinct yellowish vitta: hemelytra with a fuscous vitta, not reaching the base or tip; superior margin yel- lowish ; tergum black, minutely rugose, but not punctured ; mar- gin yellowish.
Length about two-fifths of an inch.’
The dark brown vitta on the hemelytra is a distinguishing mark.
I took an individual on the eastern shore of Virginia, an- other in Florida, and a third either in Pennsylvania or Indiana.
13. P. cAtvA.—Reddish-brown; head and anterior half of the thorax yellowish.
Inhabits Virginia.
Body reddish-brown, punctured : head yellowish ; edge darker : antenne rufous; first and second joints green; third joint a little longer than the second: thorax on the anterior half yellowish ; lateral edges rectilinear: tergum sanguineous, blackish at tip, beneath whitish ; venter with a few rufous points and some clusters of rufous points each side ; lateral margin with a black point at the incisures.
Length about two-fifths of an inch.
I caught this species on Holly (Ilex.)
14. P. prmiprata.—Anterior part of the thorax of a different color; second joint of the antennz half the length of the third.
Inhabits Georgia and Florida.
Body dull greenish, varying to almost reddish-brown: head not contracting anteriorly, rounded at tip: antenne rufous, terminal joint a little darker towards the tip; at base paler ;
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 319
second joint not longer than the first, and not more than half as long as the third: thorax, rather more than the anterior half yellowish ; lateral edge rectilinear: tergum purple-black, some- what polished, rufous at tip; sometimes entirely rufous, except- ing the margin, which is yellowish.
Length about seven-twentieths of an inch.
The brevity of the second joint of the antenna, will readily distinguish this species from the preceding. I obtained speci- mens in Florida, and an individual was sent me from Georgia by Mr. Oemler. [ 764 |
15. P. AEQUALIS.—Cinereous, with black punctures ; tergum black with large punctures towards the tip.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body dull cinereous, with numerous rather large, black punc- tures, head rather long, rounded at the tip: antennze with close set black points; second and third joints equal: thorax, lateral edge nearly rectilinear, slightly concave; scutel scarcely con- tracted before the tip, which is rounded; tergum black, the punctures small and sparse at base, and becoming large and numerous towards the tip; lateral margin with cinereous spots : beneath with black punctures, sometimes assembled in groups; feet with black points.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
Smaller than either of the preceding, and the second and third joints of the antenna are equal.
16. P. ruagULOSA.—Green, with minute, transverse ruge ; tergum black at base; antennee third joint short.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body pale greenish, with minute rugs, particularly on the thorax ; antenne third joint hardly more than half the length of the second : thorax much contracted before; lateral edge rather concave than rectilinear : tergum black at base, the three ultimate segments and the margin green: hemelytra punctured: beneath and feet with small green punctures.
Length over one-fifth of an inch.
The third joint of the antenne is very short and small, and the small ruge of the thorax distinguish this species.
17. P. unpara.—Sceutel but little narrowed at tip; lateral edge of the head undulated.
320 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body dull yellowish, with numerous black, deep punctures ; head with the lateral edge undulated, the tip abruptly nar- rowed, with a narrow, deep fissure: antennz blackish rufous, second joint longer than the third: thorax with the lateral narrow margin and longitudinal line impunctured ; lateral edge rectilinear: scutel rather large, not being much narrowed at tip; tergum black, punctured, with a yellowish margin : beneath [ 765 ] punctures more dense : venter black, punctured ; with the margin yellow: feet with black points.
Length about one-fifth of an inch.
The scutel in its form resembles that of the preceding species, but the brevity of the third joint of the antennz and the undu- lated edge of the head distinguish it. I obtained this species when with Major Long’s party in the North.
18. P. pen1a.—Rather widest behind the middle; scutel but little narrowed at tip.
Inhabits Missouri and Massachusetts.
Body dull-yellowish green; ovate, being slightly widest be- hind the middle; with rather large, profound, black punctures not closely set: head somewhat long; the obtuse carina impunc- tured : antennee rufous, darker at tip ; second joint much shorter than the third: thorax, lateral edge rectilinear; lateral margin without black punctures; anterior angles transversely truneate to receive the eyes, and without any tubercle ; posterior angles not wider than the hemelytra: scutel not much narrowed at tip ; tergum black punctured, margin yellowish: hemelytra, coria- ceous portion rounded at tip: beneath with a series of black points on the margin and another on the edge.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
The scutel is not so much narrowed at tip as usual. One was presented to me by Nuttall, and another by Dr. Harris.
19. P. cAtcEATA.—Green, thorax with a band, and yellow spot each side before, enclosing a green dot: tarsi rufous.
Inhabits United States.
Above green, densely punctured ; antennz dull sanguineous ; first and second joints green; second and third joints equal; ultimate joint dusky: thorax with a yellow or rufous band be-
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. Pl
tween the lateral angles; on the anterior submargin are two transverse, yellow spots, each enclosing a green dot; lateral edge granulated and nearly rectilinear, black or dark rufous; lateral angles but little prominent, rounded: scutel and heme- lytra immaculate, membrane whitish or little tinged with rufous : beneath yellow, tinged with green; venter with a lateral sub- marginal series of points and another series of black points on the lateral edge ; tarsi rufous. [ 766 |
Length over two-fifths of an inch.
Var. a. Thoracic band obsolete.
Male much smaller ; the anterior portion of the thorax yellow- ish, obliterating the two spots; feet not obviously rufous.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
The variety of this species was taken by my brother in New Jersey.
One of my male specimens has one of the antenne not more than half the length of the other, in consequence of the un- natural brevity of the second, third and fourth joints, which are hardly longer than broad ; the fifth joint is much compressed but not dilated.
20. P. NERVoSA.—Rufous, with black punctures; antennz second joint half as long as the third.
Inhabits Indiana.
Above rufous or deep testaceous, with numerous separate black punctures: head with confluent punctures, excepting on the carina: antenne dusky at tip; second joint hardly over half the length of the third; eyes on the posterior part whitish: thorax, lateral edge impunctured, and on its anterior part almost rectilinear, curving towards the lateral angles which are hardly prominent beyond the humerus, and very obtusely rounded : scutel, lateral edge at base arquated so as to leave an obvious interval between its basal angles and the thorax: hemelytra, membrane with its nervures blackish : tergum blue-black, margin yellowish with black spots: beneath pale rufous with black pune- tures, which become rufous on the abdomen; a blackish, inter- rupted, lateral vitta from the eyes becomes obsolete on the venter: venter with double black marginal spots; feet with black points.
Length nearly two-fifths of an inch.
The specimen is a female.
~
322, HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
21. P. semivirrata.—Pale, with confluent black punctures so arranged as to leave three vittee on the head and about five on the scutel.
Inhabits Indiana.
Above yellowish-white, with confluent black punctures, and numerous short hairs: antennee dusky at tip; second joint [ 767 | rather longer than the third : head with three dull yellow- ish vittee: thorax with three vitte, becoming obsolete behind ; lateral margin a little depressed, impunctured ; lateral edge very slightly arquated ; lateral angles rounded, not prominent ; scutel with five vitte confluent behind: tergum blue-black; margin with yellowish, large, quadrate spots: beneath yellowish ; two black lines before the eyes: an interrupted lateral vitta of black punctures from the eyes nearly to the posterior extremity: feet immaculate, tarsi dusky.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
The specimen is a female. It is more than usually hairy. It has some resemblance to Stoll, fig. 102, but is shorter.
22. P. camMMA.—Fabr. (Cimex) Syst. Rhyng., p. 177, C. al- bipes, K. Ent. Syst. suppl. p. 4 P.; punctipes nob., Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v. 1, p. 313? A common species.
[Say makes an error in quoting Fabricius for P. gamma. There is no such species either in Systema Rhyngotorum or in Ent. Syst. or its supplement. The correct name is P. dugens Fabr. Ent. Syst. (1794) 4, 125: C. albipes Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 585: C. punctipes Beauv. Ins. pl. 8, fig. 6; Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Se. 4, 3138.—UnEr.]
23. P. BrocuLata Fabr. (Cimex) Syst. Rhyng. 175.
Var. a. transversa ? thoracic spots transverse.
This species inhabits the Southern States.
23. [bis.] P. prrrpa nob. Deser. of North American Ins., found by Joseph Barabino. [Ante, p. 305.] Metasternum ele- vated and -bifid at the tips.
25. P. TENEBROSA nob., ibid. p. 8. Blackish, antenne and feet varied with white.
CYDNUS Fabr.
1. ©. rrgatus.—Blackish ; thorax and hemelytra with a white exterior edge. |
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 323
Inhabits United States.
Body piceous-black : head emarginate: antenna, second joint dull rufous; ultimate two joints rather long: thorax with numerous punctures, before the middle impunctured ; lateral edge white: hemelytra on the lateral edge white: abdomen excepting at base, with a white edge: tibiae white on the exte- rior edge.
Length about one-fifth of an inch.
It is smaller than bilineatus nob., and larger than spinifrons nob., and very different from either by many characters. A very common species. It much resembles the binotatus, but is destitute of the white spots of the hemelytra. [ 768 ]
[Described also as Sehirus albonotatus Dallas, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hempt. part 1, 127.—UuteEr.]
2. C. BILINEATUS nob.
Var. a. picea. Entirely light piceous.
Inhabits Indiana.
[Belongs to Aethus Dallas.}
GONOCERUS Lat.
G. ANTENNATOR Fabr. The author describes this species to have the second joint of the antennz scabrous and the “ultimo claviformi.”” Now if these characters are correct, a species in my collection, and which is not rare, is altogether new; but this I consider doubtful. I will however state the differential characters, viz:
G. pusius.—Antenne, first joint scabrous or with short spines; ultimate joint oblong oval.
Length nearly half an inch.
Inhabits Pennsylvania and Indiana.
It is probably the insect that naturalists refer to antennator PB.
[Appears to be Coreus antennator Fabr. Syst. Rhyng. 198 : it bglongs to Chariesterus, and is C. moestus H. Schf. 7, pl. 217, fig. 681.—UHLER. }
SYROMA[S]TES Lat.
1. S. REFLEXULUS.—Reddish-brown ; head carinate before.
Inhabits Pennsylvania. Body reddish-brown, with rather large, confluent punctures:
824 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
head not extending more than half the length of the basal joint of the antennz, obviously carinate between the antennze, tuber- cles each side of the antennz ; acute : antenn®, first joint robust, rough, much narrowed; second joint shorter than the third; ter- minal joint half as long as the third: thorax, lateral margin a little reflected, the edge concavely arquated; posterior angles rounded ; anterior angles prominent, acute: scutel narrowed be- fore the tip: hemelytra, corium yellowish, rufous near the scutel ; nervures very distinct ; lateral edge a little reflected ; membrane hyaline: beneath greenish-yellow; feet pale rufous; posterior thighs dilated, spinous beneath.
Length one-fourth of an inch.
The rostrum hardly reaches the posterior coxe. The last joint of the antennz is elongate-oval and much shorter than the pre- ceding joint, as defined by Latreille in this genus.
2. S. FRATERCULUS.—Anterior point of the head extending nearly to the tip of the first joint of the antenne.
Inhabits Georgia and Indiana. [ 769 ]
Closely resembles the preceding species, but is smaller; the anterior tip of the head extends nearly or quite to the tip of the first joint of the antenne; the lateral margin of the corium is very distinctly punctured with black; the membrane is marked with a longitudinal obsolete brown line and small points; the general color is darker; the tergum is sanguineous, black at base.
Length less than one-fourth of an inch.
A small specimen was sent to me by Mr. Oemler, from the vicinity of Savannah, and I have obtained the two sexes in In- diana.
3. S. optiquus.—All above punctured ; rostrum and head rather short.
Inhabits United States.
Body pale yellowish-rufous : head obviously punctured, not ex- tending to the tip of the first joint of the antennz ; antenna, first joint robust; second hardly two-thirds as long as the third: thorax with rather large punctures; no obvious transverse im- pressed line: hemelytra, on the corium with large separate punctures; posterior edge very oblique and elongated; mem- brane immaculate, undulated by the nervures: beneath more
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 825
obviously tinged with rufous ; feet paler; rostrum hardly reach- ing the intermediate coxe.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
It may be distinguished by the remarkable obliquity of the terminal line of the corium.
COREUS F. Latr.
1. C. conFLuENTUs [coNFLUENS].—Pale brownish ; thorax bilineate ; abdomenwith a spotted margin.
Inhabits Mexico.
Body depressed with numerous minute hairs, pale yellow- brown: thorax with a transverse, slightly elevated line on the posterior submargin; two broad black vitte, confluent before, and suddenly narrowed on the posterior margin; a black lateral marginal vitta before; posterior angles obtusely rounded : scutel at base and an abbreviated line black: hemelytra immaculate ; corium finely reticulate: abdomen dilated; tergum on [770] the margin alternating with blackish and yellowish: beneath blackish varied with yellowish ; feet blackish ; knees and coxe fulvous.
Length three-fourths of an inch.
This is a dilated and somewhat depressed species.
2. C. pIrFusus.—Brownish ; abdomen dilated; antenne and feet blackish.
Inhabits Georgia.
Body depressed pale yellowish-brown ; with short hairs; di- lated: head unarmed, the middle of the tip not reaching the base of the first joint of the antenne: antennz blackish, hairs very obvious; basal joint a little excurved ; second joint a little longer than the third : thorax somewhat transversely punctured ; lateral edge irregularly denticulated, particularly anteriorly ; posterior angles very obtusely rounded: scutel black in the middle: hemelytra immaculate; corium finely reticulate ; the disks of the basal cellules blackish : abdomen dilated ; margin elevated and with a series of black points on the edge ; feet blackish piceous.
Length seven-tenths of an inch. .
Resembles the confluenta nob., but is somewhat more dilated
326 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
and the anterior lateral edge of the thorax is rectilinear ; whereas in that species it is arquated.
This insect was sent me by Mr. Oemler of Savannah, who took it in the neighborhood of that city.
ANISOSCELIS Latr.
1. A. concuLus.—Fuscous ; antenne rufous; posterior tibiee dilated, not sinuous.
Inhabits Florida.
Body reddish-brown, rather dark, minutely and densely pune- tured: head simple, with three rufous lines: antennee rufous ; basal joint much shorter than the second, blackish above, second joint longest; ultimate joint rather shorter than the preceding one, fuscous: thorax with the angles not prominent, rounded : scutel undulated on the disc: tergum on the lateral margin with yellowish lines at the incisures: beneath dull rufous with numerous black points ; rostrum extending to the middle of the venter : thighs blackish above towards the tip, spinous beneath, [771] posterior pair a little thickened; tibize dull yellowish ; posterior pair dilated, not undulated on the edge, fuscous with small yellowish spots; the dilatation not continued to the tip; inner edge with a few short spines.
Length four-fifths of an inch.
I obtained two individuals on St. John’s river. In one of the two specimens the nervures on the middle of the hemelytra are of a paler color, as if, in some individuals, a pale band might exist in that part.
2. A. ALBICINCTUS.—Ferruginous ; hemelytra with a white band ; posterior tibie dilated, sinuated.
Inhabits Florida.
Body above light reddish-brown or ferruginous: antenne, basal joint blackish: head blackish, with three yellowish lines ; thorax with short hair; elevated behind; lateral angles sub- acute ; hemelytra with a slender, white, transverse line; mem- branous part blackish: beneath yellowish, with irregular, black punctures: feet reddish-brown; thighs spinous beneath; pos- terior tibiz foliaceous, two or three toothed on the posterior edge, the superior tooth smallest; a double hyaline spot, bisected by the lateral carina ; tip not dilated.
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 397
Length three-fifths of an inch.
Resembles balteatus Linn. But according to Drury’s figure, that species has simple posterior tibie. It is still more like J. phyllopus Linn., which, however, has the white line undulated and oblique, as figured by Stoll, the posterior thighs more elon- gated and the posterior tibiae still more dilated, particularly on the inner side, than this species.
It is common in Florida. The male has but two denticula- tions on the dilated edge of the posterior tibix, whilst the female has three ; the sinuations of the edge correspond with the num- ber of teeth.
3. A. oppositus.—Reddish-brown; hemelytra with a white point in the middle of the corium; antennz rufous; head tri- lineated ; posterior tibie dilated and sinuated.
Inhabits Indiana. [ 772 |
This is very closely allied to albicinctus nob., but is uniform in its differential characters. It may be known by the small white point of the hemelytra.
4. A. DECLIVIS nob. (hinuchus Kirby) New Sp. N. Am. Ins. found by Jos. Barabino, p. 10. [Ante, p. 305.] Thorax dilated at the posterior angles; beneath whitish sericeous ; posterior tibize dilated and compressed their whole length, more prominent towards the exterior base.
Inhabits Georgia and Louisiana.
Length one inch and one-fifth.
5. A. NASULUS nob. ( se ) ibid. p. 10. [Ante, p. 305.] Thorax, lateral angles more or less prominent; posterior tibie dilated and compressed all their length; inner edge minutely denticulate; exterior edge a little undulated ; width decreasing to the tip.
Inhabits Georgia, Florida, Louisiana.
Length one inch.
This genus seems to include Petalopus and Rhinuchus Kirby, of which, however, I have not seen the characters stated, which alone can establish a generic name.
328 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
BERYTUS Fabr.
B. muticus.—Unarmed: a short groove betweeen the an- tennee.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body punctured; pale yellowish brown, unarmed: head not much narrowed before, the tip rounded downwards and com- pressed ; and with a profound short groove above: thorax with a glabrous line: scutel carinate, acute at tip, but not produced into a spine: hemelytra, gorium with the punctures dilated : be- neath blackish along the middle to the middle of the venter.
Length nearly seven-twentieths of an inch.
Quite distinct from the tépularis F., of which the head is elon- gated before and hemelytra are spotted; and from the spinosus nob., by being destitute of spines before the posterior coxee and on the scutel.
LYGAEUS F. Latr.
1. L. SANDARACHATUS.—Hemelytra yellowish, with a black band and tip; venter sanguineous with a lateral black vitta.
Inhabits Mexico. [ 773 ]
Head sanguineous, with an abbreviated line above the ros- trum, and more or less dilated orbits and vertex, black : antennze and rostrum black: thorax black, anterior margin white ; lateral margin yellowish, tinged with sanguineous before; a dorsal slender yellowish line slightly elevated before: scutel black, yellow at tip: hemelytra pale yellow, a band on the middle and membra- nous at tip, black ; pectus and postpectus black with whitish in- cisures and margins: venter sanguineous, with white incisures and lateral, abbreviated black vittze : feet black, coxee sanguineous.
Var. a. Anterior thighs sanguineous.
Var. b. Head above black, with three abbreviated sanguineous lines,
Length to tip of hemelytra two-fifths of an inch.
Resembles mimus nobis, which, however, has no appearance of the thoracic dorsal line or lateral ventral vitte.
2. L. rAcETUS.—Black, with rufous margins and thoracic line.
TInhabits Florida.
Body black, opake, head at tip narrowed and half the length
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 329
of the basal joint of the antennas: antenne second joint longest, ultimate joints rather longer than the third: thorax with two transverse punctured indentations on the anterior margin and middle; margin pale rufous, interrupted near the anterior angles: a longitudinal rufous line not reaching the anterior margin: scutel, disk elevated in the form of aT, which is pale rufous at tip: hemelytra on the lateral and terminal margins pale rufous: abdomen pale rufous on the margin: pectus, ante” rior and lateral margins pale rufous.
Length over three-tenths of an inch.
I took several specimens in Florida.
3. L. BISTRIANGULARIS.—Black, base of the hemelytra and venter sanguineous.
Inhabits Mexico.
Head black: thorax black: lateral margin behind the middle and posterior edge sanguineous ; scutel black: hemelytra san- guineous, membranous portion black with a slight edging of whitish : pectus and postpectus fuscous ; feet black ; venter san- guineous with a black tip. [774]
Length over one-fifth of an inch.
Allied to bicrucis nob., but is not half so large, and the coloring of the thorax is quite different.
4. I. RECLIVATUS nob. Var. a. enotus. Destitute of the white spot of the membranaceous portion of the hemelytra. Inhabits Mexico.
5. L. neucoprervs [Chinch bug.] Blackish, hemelytra white with a black spot.
Inhabits Virginia.
Body long, blackish, with numerous hairs: antenne, rather short hairs: second joint yellowish, longer than the third 3 ulti- mate joint rather longer than the second, thickest : thorax tinged with cinereous before, with the basal edge piceous: hemelytra white, with a blackish oval spot on the lateral middle; rostrum and feet honey-yellow: thighs a little dilated.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch. table <
I took a single specimen on the Eastern Shore of V irginia.
The whiteness of the hemelytra in which is a blackish spot strongly contrasted, distinguishes this species readily.
330 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
6. L. pisconotus.—Blackish: third joint of the antenne much shorter than the fourth: hemelytra dull whitish.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body blackish, punctured, rather wider behind: head a little convex : antennee first and second joints yellowish : third equal to the first ; fourth joint almost double the length of the third, and as long or rather longer than the second; thorax very slightly contracted each side of the middle: basal half and anterior edge piceous; hemelytra dull yellowish-white, punctured; membrane on the dise brown ; tip wide and obtusely rounded : feet whitish ; thighs honey-yellow, anterior pair a little more dilated ; postpectus with a pure white posterior margin.
Length to tip of hemelytra less than three-twentieths of an inch.
7. L. Geminatus.—Hemelytra with two small central spots, and four on the posterior edge of the membrane.
Inhabits Indiana and Missouri.
Body dull greenish-yellow ; head dull fulvous, blackish each side behind: antenne obscure rufous; first joint, incisures and [775] terminal joint black : rostrum extending a little beyond the origin of the posterior feet: thorax with the transverse impression rather deep and blackish: scutel dull fulvous, blackish on the basal margin: hemelytra on the corium tinged with yellowish, almost hyaline, and having on the middle two approximate, abbreviated fuscous lines and on the posterior edge four or three fuscous, small dots; membrane pellucid: beneath black-piceous; a white line over the insertion of the posterior pairs of feet, and a honey- | yellow line over the anterior pair: feet honey-yellow, immacu- late ; tarsi blackish.
Length three-twentieths of an inch.
Nuttall presented to me an individual which he took in Mis- souri, and I obtained others in this State.
8. L. sconopaAx.—Hemelytra with a rufous tip of the corium; rostrum extending to the middle of the venter.
Inhabits Missouri and Indiana.
Body yellowish, inclining on the head and scutel to obscure fulvous: punctured: head, punctures obsolete, tip a little longer than the basal joint of the antennz; antenne black; second
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. ool
joint equal to or slightly longer than the third: thorax with the anterior margin and transverse impressed line black: scutel blackish each side of the middle; the middle line impunctured : hemelytra, corium yellowish, a dull rufous spot at its tip: mem- brane milky white with pale brownish spots; tergum fulyous spotted with black as well on the dise as on the margin: be- neath more or less spotted with blackish; blackish along the middle; around the origin of the feet yellow; feet obscurely annulated ; rostrum extending to the middle of the venter.
Length less than one-fourth of an inch.
I obtained a specimen at Council Bluff and one in Indiana.
9. L. NUMENIUS.—Hemelytra with a pale rufous tip of the corium ; rostrum as long as the body.
Inhabits United States.
Body greenish-yellow: head long, the tip extending beyond the first joint of the antennze: antenne pale yellowish; first joint rather short; second joint a little longer than the third : fourth joint tinged with honey-yellow : thorax with separate punc- tures, anterior edge and dorsal line impunctured; transverse [776] indentation interrupted by the dorsal lines: scutel pale rufous each side: hemelytra with a pale rufous spot at tip of the corium; membrane with an obsolete fuliginous line in the mid- die: tergum on the lateral margin with pale rufous spots: be- neath tinged with rufous; feet pale: rostrum extending to the tip of the abdomen.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
Resembles scolopax nob., but the second joint is obviously longer than the third, and the rostrum is more elongated. I do not recollect in what part of the Union I took this species.
10. L. raticus.—Elongated ; hemelytra yellowish with brown neryures.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body blackish, elongated somewhat depressed ; antennz short, robust, hairy ; second joint longest : thorax of the basal margin piceous ; transversely a little depressed in the middle and with a longitudinal indentation before the middle : scutel with a carinate line: hemelytra shorter than the abdomen, dull yellowish, with brown nervures; corium short and very oblique at tip ; membrane
332 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
long but little different in appearance from the corium : abdomen, margined with rufous; feet rufous; thighs a little thickened. Length over three-twentieths of an inch.
PAMERA™*, Lepel. and Serv., nob.
1. P. consrricta.—Black ; thorax constricted near the mid- dle ; hemelytra with hyaline lines ; anterior thighs dilated.
Inhabits United States.
Body black, punctured : antenne, second and third joints dull honey yellow; terminal joint slightly thicker than the third: thorax convex, constricted a little behind the middle ; anterior to the stricture impunctured; posterior angles with an oblong tubercle above : posterior margin snmewhat piceous: hemelytra fuscous, with whitish lines and spots, those of the membrane arquated: feet greenish-yellow; thighs annulated with black at tip; anterior pair dilated, spinous beneath, black, yellowish at tip and base: tibie, anterior pair slightly thickened at tip.
Length three-tenths of an inch. [777]
Male.—Hemelytra pale with fuscous points and lines.
Length about one-fifth of an inch.
2. P. conrracta.—Blackish ; thorax constricted near the base; hemelytra at base and two spots hyaline; anterior thighs dilated.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body piceous-black: head with a few hairs: antennz pale yellowish, terminal joints fuscous; thorax subcylindric, with hairs; much contracted behind the middle; behind the stric- ture piceous, punctured: scutel punctured: hemelytra punctured at base, fuscous, base of the corium and spot near its tip and spot at tip of the membrane whitish: feet yellowish: anterior thighs dilated, spinous beneath towards the tip and piceous in the middle: anterior tibiz a little dilated at tip.
Length one-fifth of an inch. .
I obtained this species on the expedition of Major Long to the sources of the St. Peter’s river. It is much like constrictus nob., but the thoracic stricture is a little nearer to the posterior
*The original word of these ‘authors is Pachymera, which Latreille informs us is preoccupied.
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. ooo
margin, and the arrangement of colors on the hemelytra is dif. ferent.
3. P. vincra.—Thorax constrained near the base, and with a transverse line before; hemelytra whitish with a fuscous spot.
Inhabits Florida.
Body blackish, punctured; antenna, basal joint yellowish, tipped with black; remaining joints ; thorax much con- stricted behind the middle, subcylindric, anterior margin with a transverse impressed line, anterior to which the margin is piceous ; posterior margin of the stricture with a cinereous re- flection ; basal edge piceous ; scutel with a carinate line; heme- lytra yellowish-white and punctured on the corium, the posterior margin of which is fuscous ; membrane milk-white: abdomen on the margin dull rufous; feet whitish; anterior thighs honey- yellow, dilated.
Length one-tenth of an inch.
Differs from contracta nob., in size, arrangement of colors, and by the very distinct, impressed line before. [778 |
4, P. rerA.—Blackish; thorax transversely indented behind the middle; feet piceous; anterior thighs dilated.
Inhabits United States.
Body blackish; antenne piceous terminal joint darker: thorax a little transversely indented behind the middle, but not affecting the lateral edge; lateral narrow margin depressed, yellowish and almost translucent behind the middle: hemelytra piceous : mem- brane with a pale, translucent spot at tip of the corium: beneath
black; rostrum and feet piceous; anterior thighs much dilated ' and spinous beneath ; anterior tibie arquated, dilated at tip on the inner side.
Length under three-tenths of an inch.
Male—Hyaline spot of the membrane very obvious. Length nearly one-fifth of an inch.
Var. a. Thorax behind the stricture piceous; feet entirely honey-yellow.
5. P. unA.—Punctured; antenne hairy ; anterior thighs di- lated; thorax a little indented transversely behind the middle ; lateral edge arquated.
Inhabits Indiana.
334 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
Body piceous-black ; punctures numerous, distinct profound : antenne distinctly hairy, dull honey-yellow: thorax transversely a little indented behind the middle, and posterior to which the punctures are large and more distant; lateral very narrow mar- gin depressed and somewhat translucent; lateral edge a little arquated at the middle; hemelytra piceous; punctures distinct, distant on the corium ; membrane dusky with two or three hyaline arquations and obsolete at tip of the corium: feet piceous ; ante- rior thighs dilated, with about one small spine beneath ; anterior tibize a little dilated.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
Resembles era nob., but the lateral thoracic edge of that species is rectilinear.
5. P. rALLAX.—Anterior thighs dilated; thorax with the lateral margin dull whitish with brown spots.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body blackish, punctured : thorax on the posterior portion pale, but so densely covered with blackish punctures as to appear [779 ] blackish; lateral margin depressed, narrow, dull whitish or yellowish, with a series of brown punctures furnishing hairs ; scutel with two yellowish lines behind, confluent at tip: heme- lytra dull yellowish with blackish punctures; membrane a little clouded with dusky; rostrum piceous; a yellowish spot and line over the incisure of each foot; coxe and trochanters pale yel- lowish ; thighs somewhat robust, anterior pair thickest and with a small spine beneath ; tibize dull yellowish.
Length less than one fifth of an inch.
The thorax is rectilinear on the lateral edge, as in /era nob., but in that species the anterior part of the lateral thoracic mar- gin is not depressed, and the hemelytra are distinguished by a whitish spot.
7. P. srLtopaTa.—Honey-yellow ; hemelytra whitish, with a fuscous band and spot at tip of the corium.
Inhabits Louisiana and Mexico.
Body pale honey-yellow or dusky, somewhat hairy ; antenne, terminal joint fuscous, slightly longer than subequal to the pre- ceding and a little thicker: rostrum, second joint whitish, third dusky : thorax with the anterior lobe longer, transverse quad- rate ; posterior lobe not more elevated, but separated from the
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 335
anterior body by a profound contraction, and a little wider: he- melytra whitish ; corium with a fuscous band on the middle and spot at tip: thighs pale honey-yellow, fuscous towards their tips; anterior pair dilated, spinous, beneath blackish ; pectus and post- pectus black on the middle : venter black, margin piceous.
Length one-fifth, of an inch.
This varies considerably in the coloring of the head and thorax, which are sometimes even obscure cinereous, with obso- lete blackish lines, and on the posterior part of the thorax of many specimens are three distinct black lines. It resembles vincta nob., which, however, is not banded in the middle of the corium.
8. P. porsatis.—Thorax with a whitish line ; three last joints ‘of the antennze subequal.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body dull honey-yellow, punctured: head with an obsolete whitish line: antennz rather robust, dull rufous ; joints a little [ 780] thicker to the tip; first joint longest; remaining joints subequal; ultimate joint of the usual form but hardly longer than the preceding one: thorax, transverse line not impressed : longitudinal whitish line not reaching the head or scutel : corium - with a blackish edge on the inner side at tip; membrane with a double interrupted dusky line ; abdomen dark livid, with a yellow- ish margin; pectus gray, darker in the middle: feet yellowish; thighs with dusky punctures; anterior pair blackish beneath, and armed with many spines.
Length over one-fifth of an inch.
Corresponds with the Fabrician description of Lygeus crassi- manus, excepting that the anterior thighs are armed.
The following species has the third and fourth joints of the antennz dilated, subovate.
Subgenus Procutomera [PLOCHIOMERA. ]
9. P. Noposus.—Two ultimate joints of the antenne thick ; thorax constricted behind the middle.
Inhabits United States. &
Body piceous-black: antennz yellowish, two ultimate joints equal, dilated, blackish; second joint not longer than the tee thorax behind the middle constricted, particularly to the lateral
336 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
edge ; behind the stricture dull yellowish, punctured : scutel with a yellow carina; hemelytra shorter than, the abdomen, pale yel- lowish, punctured ; membrane obsolete ; wings imperfect: rostrum and feet honey-yellow, anterior thigh a little thicker than the others, with a few small spines beneath; anterior tibiz a little ciliated at tip; a small spine on the anterior coxe.
Length about one-tenth of an inch.
Var. a. All beneath honey-yellow.
This is a very common species in various parts of the Union, and the two dilated joints of the antenne distinguishes it readily.
SALDA F. Latr.
1. 8. prcea.—Piceous-black ; hemelytra entirely coriaceous.
Inhabits Massachusetts.
Body robust, oval, piceous-black ; obviously punctured, some- what polished: head impunctured, honey-yellow before ; wider than the greatest width of the thorax: antennze black-piceous: thorax but little wider behind than before: hemelytra with the [781 ] corium extending nearly to the tip, the membranes being
_very short, not more than a mere margin; feet honey-yellow.
Length under three twentieths of an inch.
For this insect [ am indebted to Dr. Harris, of Milton.
1. [2]S. puttaTa.—Cinereous, beneath black ; feet yellowish.
Inhabits United States.
Body robust, oval, whitish-cinereous, with numerous, obvious, dusky, profound impressed punctures: head rather wider than the body, dusky with a longitudinal yellowish line before: an- tenn whitish above; last joint rufous; thorax with two small transverse impunctured spots before the middle; a little dusky on the disc: scutel with a slightly carinate line, and each side of the middle a longitudinal dull yellowish spot: hemelytra with deep punctures; corium with a blackish marginal line on the middle of tip; membrane whitish: beneath black, feet yellowish.
Length to tip of hemelytra over one-tenth of an inch.
This species is not uncommon in various parts of the Union.
* Var. a. PUNCTIPES.—Feet yellowish, with numerous black points ; scutel with a yellow spot oach side at base.
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. By |
wr
3. 8. ULIGINOsA.—Blackish, corium brown, margin whitish ; feet yellowish.
Inhabits United States.
Body blackish, punctured : head with an oblique impressed line before the middle, and a yellow exterior edge: hemelytra whitish ; inner portion of the corium fuliginous; sexual carina or ovi- positor yellowish: rostrum and feet yellowish; posterior thighs dusky at tip.
Length to tip of hemelytra over one-tenth of an inch.
Resembles the preceding, but may be distinguished by its darker color. It is less common.
MYODOCHA Latr.
M. opetizAtaA.—Blackish ; feet white at base.
Inhabits United States.
Body piceous-black, deeply punctured: head black, impunc- tured, polished ; neck elongated ; antenne yellowish; first joint black, at tip yellowish; ultimate joint and apex of the pre- ceding [ 782] one fuscous ; thorax constricted in the middle ; an- terior portion impunctured : hemelytra piceous; lateral narrow margin yellowish, expanding behind into a small dot; membrane fuliginous with the nervures whitish; rostrum yellowish, first joint piceous: feet yellowish; anterior thighs dilated, with a few spines beneath beyond the middle, and with a piceous an- nulus near the tip.
Length over seven-twentieths of an inch.
This insect is not [un]common in many parts of the Union.
ASTEMMA Latr.
A. MAVoRTIA.—Thorax cylindrical constricted before the basal margin.
Inhabits United States.
Body black: antennze honey-yellow: thorax, cylindrical, nar- rowed before to the width of the head, constricted on the basal submargin ; base hardly wider than the middle: hemelytra punc- tured, piceous, a little shorter than the abdomen: wings imper- fect: tergum rufous; margin and tip black: feet honey-yellow : anterior thighs dilated, with six or seven equal, equidistant
spines: anterior cox with a short spine. 22
338 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
Length over seven-twentieths of an inch.
Male.—Anterior tibie arquated towards the base and with a spine near the middle.
I have taken this species in Pennsylvania, Florida, Indiana and Missouri. I have placed it in the present genus on account of its cylindrical thorax ; but it ought perhaps to form a distinct subgenus.
CAPSUS FE.
1. C. ocREATUS.—Sanguineous: band on the hemelytra and their membrane black.
Inhabits Georgia.
Body light sanguineous : thorax with two transverse impressed lines before the middle; lateral edge black; hemelytra witha narrow, black band; the lateral edge a little reflected ; membrane- ous part purple black, with a white terminal margin: be- neath immaculate: thighs simple, anterior pair about four-spined beneath at tip; tibize blackish-piceous.
Length less than two-fifths of an inch. [783 |
A very pretty species. It was presented to me by Mr. Oemler. I have not seen the characters of Fallen’s genera Corizus and Phytocoris, and it is probable that [ have included in this genus, species of both, for the antenne of a few of these are filiform.
2. C. succinctus F. Var. a. Surface paler, with numerous black punctures, giving a dusky appearance; origin of the an- tenne, and a line on each side of the origin of the rostrum san- guineous.
Inhabits Mexico.
Antenne in this species robust filiform, the last joint being equal in diameter to the others; eyes remarkably prominent.
3. C. Mimus.—Hemelytra yellowish, with a black spot and tip: beneath whitish with sanguineous incisures.
Inhabits Mexico.
Head sanguineous; antenne, excepting at base and terminal joint of the rostrum black; thorax, anterior margin white, bounded by an impressed line, beyond which the surface is san- guineous to an impressed line on the middle, posterior half pale yellowish with a black central base: scutel black: hemelytra pale yellow, with a large triangular spot on the middle, and
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 339
v0
membranous tip, black, the latter edged with piceous: beneath white, incisures sanguineous: feet piceous black: thighs san- guineous, anterior pair two spined near the tip.
Length over two-fifths of an inch.
Var. a. Hemelytra black, with a pale yellowish lateral margin.
Var. b. Hemelytra black, exterior and terminal margins of the corium pale yellowish.
The rostrum extends beyond the base of the posterior feet.
4. C. RApIDUS.—Reddish brown ; hemelytra with a yellowish margin.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body dull reddish brown: head rufous: antenna black ; first joint nearly half as long as the third, [second joint : Harris MS.] white on the basal half, hardly perceptibly larger at tip than at base: third joint not much shorter than the second, and with the last white at base : thorax pale yellow; anterior margin [ 784 ] rufous ; a black abbreviated band behind the middle : hemelytra, corium at tip with a brightred almost sanguineous triangular spot : beneath rufous: venter dusky on the disk; fibiz pale yellowish.
Length to tip of the hemelytra three-tenths of an inch.
5. C. 4-virrarus.—Yellow with four black vittz.
Inhabits United States.
Body bright yellow: head tinged with fulvous : antenne black : thorax tinged with fulvous before: four black vitte not reach- ing the anterior margin, the lateral ones marginal and more slender: scutel with a black spot each side at base: hemelytra with two blackish vittze on each, the exterior one having a black annulated dot at tip: membrane blackish, with a dull yellowish arc.
Length to tip of hemelytra three-tenths of an inch.
Inhabits a considerable part of the Union. I have taken it in the North-west Territory, Pennsylvania, Indiana and Missouri, and Mr. Oemler sent me a specimen from Georgia. It is common. Can it be the Lygeus lineatus F. Syst. Rhyng. p. 2547
6. CG. pIsLocaTus.—Pale rufous, with two black vitte dislo- cated on the hemelytra.
Inhabits Pennsylvania. Body pale rufous or somewhat fulvous: head with a black
340 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
mouth and band on the vertex; antenne black; basal joint at least half as long as the second; second joint distinctly larger towards the tip, base white for a short space: thorax with two black dilated lines from the middle to the base: scutel black with a yellow vitta: hemelytra with a black vitte, widely dis- located in the middle ; beneath piceous with a yellow line each side: feet honey-yellow. -
Length to tip of hemelytra one-fourth of an inch.
Occurred on the Verbascum thapsus L.
7. C. OBLINEATUS.—Thorax green with black lines; scutel with a yellow V.
Inhabits United States.
Body greenish, sometimes tinged with brown or clouded with obscure rufous, punctures distinct: head yellowish lineated with reddish-brown: antennz first joint not half as long as the ['785 ] second ; thorax greenish, more or less lineated with black- ish: scutel blackish, with a lateral edge, and a line in form of a V, yellow: hemelytra with a pale spot at tip of the corium, at the apex of which jis a black point: membrane a little dusky, with one or two whitish dots and are: beneath dusky: venter with a yellowish lateral vitta, or green with a black lateral vitta : feet yellowish with two rufous annulations near the tip of the thighs.
Length to tip of hemelytra over one-fifth of an inch.
This is a very common species and subject to vary considerably. I have taken it in Pennsylvania, Indiana, North-west Territory, and Missouri.
The thigh-bands are somewhat like those of flavovarius F. It is it much like the lineolaris Beauv.
8. C. insttrvus.—Black ; thorax and scutel fulvous.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body velvet black; antenne, first joint half as long as the second; third joint over two-thirds the leugth of the second, and not abruptly smaller; second joint not larger at tip than at base: thorax and scutel bright orange: pectus orange; the an- terior trochanters black like the remaining part of the inferior surface and feet.
Length to tip of hemelytra nearly seyen-twentieths of an inch.
Var. a. Head fulvous.
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 341
Var. b. Thorax with a longitudinal black vitta. Var. c. Beneath reddish fulvous, with black feet.
9. C. GonrpHoRUS.—Black, broadly margined with sanguincous.
Inhabits United States.
Body black : head more or less sanguineous, generally blackish at base and tip: antennex black, second joint generally a little thicker towards the tip; orbits above sometimes a little tinged with yellow; thorax very widely margined each side with san- guineous, leaving a large triangular black spot, of which the base corresponds with the base of the thorax and the tip with the tip; hemelytra, corium with a broad sanguincous lateral margin.
Var. a. Black thoracic triangle deeply emarginate before.
Var. b. Beneath sanguineous on each side. [ 786 |
Var. ¢. Thighs rufous; tibie and tarsi pale yellowish.
Var. d. Thorax sanguineous, with scarcely any appearance of black.
Length from one-fifth to one-fourth of an inch in the tip of the hemelytra.
Not uncommon in various parts of the Union. Nuttall ob- tained a specimen in Arkansaw.
°
10. C. Nusiius.—Varied with blackish and grayish; antenne, basal joint hairy, robust.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body above varied with black and grayish green ; with numer- ous short hairs: head and thorax chiefly green; antenne, joints black at tip; basal joint at least half the length of the second, robust, hairy ; second joint perceptibly a little thicker at tip: hemelytra with a grayish spot at tip of the corium, and on the membrane a whitish marginal spot, and a yellowish angulated line : beneath grayish green, a little dusky each side: feet green- ish: rostrum extending between the posterior feet.
Length to tip of hemelytra one-fourth of an inch.
Var. a. Tip of the corium with an obscure rufous spot; be- neath dusky irrorate with pale, greenish along the middle.
11. C. meprus.—Sanguineous, antenne, scutel and inner por- tion of the hemelytra black.
Inhabits Indiana. .
342 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
Body sanguineous, more or less tinged with fulvous, not dis- tinctly punctured: head with two black vittee between the eyes and one at base of the rostrum, a transverse black line on the neck: antenne black: thorax sometimes a little dusky behind ; scutel black: hemelytra black ; exterior margin of the corium sanguineous : pectus a little dusky in the middle: abdomen black at tip: feet black, whitish at base: rostrum black.
Length to tip of hemelytra one-fourth of an inch.
Var. a. General color ochreous.
Resembles goniphorus nob., but is a smaller and more slender insect, aside from other differences, such as the antenne being entirely black, the second joint not larger at tip than at base, Xe. It is more closely allied to confluentus nob., which, however, has the inner margin only of the corium dusky and the feet whitish
at base. [ 787 |
12. C. 1nste@nrs.—Black ; head, thorax and scutel more or less sanguineous. :
Inhabits United States.
Body black ; sanguineous, with a black mark at the base of the rostrum, sometimes extending into a triangle of which the apex is at the base of the head; antenne black: first joint not half as ldng as the second; second joint not remarkably larger at tip; remaining joints not abruptly smaller: thorax sanguine- ous, sometimes with two blackish spots at base, which in some specimens are so dilated as to occupy nearly all the surface ex- cepting the anterior margin and a re-entering angle; scutel san- guineous, with sometimes a blackish more or less dilated spot each side at base; hemelytra immaculate; beneath sanguineous varied with black: feet black.
Length to tip of hemelytra about one-fourth of an inch.
A specimen was sent me from Georgia by Mr. Oemler, and in my cabinet are others which I think were taken in Pennsyl- vania. A variety has the scutel entirely black and the thorax black excepting the anterior margin.
15. C. scrupEuS.—Black; thorax with two black dots, and with the scutel yellowish.
Inhabits United States.
Body black: head with a dull yellowish line and superior orbits, variegated at the mouth and beneath: antenna, first joint
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 345
more than half the length of the second, and rather robust, hairy; second joint a little thicker at tip: thorax yellowish, anterior margin, two dots, and a slight dot near the posterior angles black; scutel yellowish, dusky on the middle of the base and on the basal angles: hemelytra immaculate: feet with minute pale points.
Length to tip of hemelytra nearly one-fourth of an inch.
Resembles snsignis nob., but the second joint of the antennx of that species is not obviously thicker at tip; the first joint is naked, and much shorter than that of the present species, &e.
14. C. crrcumcinctus.—Above black; with a sanguineous margin, thoracic line and scutel.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black: head beneath excepting the trophi, sanguineous : [788] thorax with the anterior and lateral narrow margins and dorsal line acute before and gradually dilating behind, sanguine- ous : scutel witha much dilated sanguineous line, broadest before and gradually narrowing behind, occupying the greater portion of the surface : hemelytra black with a sanguineous lateral margin, extending as far as the membranous portion: pleura and pectus sanguineous, with two black lines connecting the cox: feet black ; venter sanguineous, a black line each side connected with a large longitudinal spot behind the middle, extending to the tip of the venter.
Length one-fourth of an inch.
Resembles C. medius nob., but may be distinguished by the black thoracic vittee.
15. C. coNFLUENTUS [CONFLUENS].—Above sanguineous ; inner margin of the corium dusky ; membrane black.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body sanguineous: head blackish on the disk, or with two black lines confluent behind and before: thorax with a dusky transverse line before the middle: corium a little dusky on the inner margin; membrane black: scutel dark rufous or blackish : pectus and postpectus varied with blackish: feet black : venter black at tip.
Length about one-fourth of an inch.
Several specimens were obtained by Nuttall in Missouri. Re- sembles goniphorus, but differs in many respects.
344 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
16. C. suBMARGINATUS.—Black ; disc fulyous, hemelytra with whitish vitte.
Inhabits United States.
Body oblong, blackish; not distinctly punctured; head dull fulvous, disc black : antennze black; first joint hardly one-third the length of the second; second joint cylindric: thorax black ; disk dull fulvous: hemelytra with a broad submarginal whitish vitta, originating at the humerus and curving outwards at tip: beneath dull fulvous: feet dull fulvous.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
I obtained one specimen in Missouri and another in Indiana.
17. C. Geminus.—Black; a yellowish spot at tip of the corium.
Inhabits Indiana. [ 789 ]
Body black; punctures distinct: antennee, basal joint white ; remaining joints : hemelytra at tip of the corium with a large whitish yellow spot ; rostrum white : feet entirely greenish- white.
Length nearly one-fourth of an inch.
The contrast between the hemelytral spot and the general color, gives it a little the appearance of C. gothicus F., but it cannot be confounded with that insect.
18. C. sryaicus.—Black ; tibize and tarsi whitish.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body deep black, polished; minutely punctured or somewhat rugulose: antenne, first joint less than half the length of the second: second joint very slightly larger at tip; third joint three-fourths the length of the second; incisure between the first and second joints whitish: feet with the trochanters, knees, tarsi, excepting at tip, and tibia, excepting the base of the pos- terior pair, white.
Length over three-twentieths of an inch.
13. C. Fustrormis.—Blackish, with three yellowish vitte ; an- tenne, second joint fusiform.
Tnhabits United States.
Body rather slender, blackish; antenne, first joint rufous, cylindric; second joint robust, fusiform, more slender at base ; third joint with a white base: thorax, anterior edge white : scu-
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 345
cD)
tel with a dilated white line: hemelytra, on the lateral and inner margins of the corium whitish: abdomen at base and feet rufous
Length less than one-fourth of an inch.
The lateral margin of the corium is sometimes yellowish- brown. The base of the abdomen in the recent specimen is often sanguineous.
20. C. VITRIPENNIS.—Yellowish ; hemelytra hyaline; subbi- fasciate.
Inhabits United States.
Body oblong, pale greenish-yellow: head impunctured, neck blackish : antenna, first joint three-fourths as long as the second, pale rufous ; second joint not obviously larger at tip ; third joint very short, whitish : thorax with large punctures ; scutel yellow, black at base: hemelytra hyaline, the corium being as transpa- rent as the membrane, with a common dusky vitta, curyed out- ward [790] behind the middle so as to form a band; beyond is another oblique arquated band originating at the middle of the preceding one: beneath greenish.
Length nearly one-fifth of an inch.
A male in my collection has a large blackish spot on the base of the thorax. Ihave taken it on the oak, in August, in Penn- sylvania. I have also found an individual in Indiana.
21. CO. Invirus.—Dark livid or blackish ; beneath green with a blackish lateral vitta.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body dark brownish livid or blackish, with numerous short prostrate yellow hairs: head dull yellowish, with an impressed longitudinal line: antenne, first joint less than half the length of the second, which is hardly perceptibly larger at tip; third joint more than half the length of the second, and as long again as the fourth: thorax with small transversely confluent, super- ficial punctures: scutel with a pale obsolete vitta, beyond the middle: hemelytra with a whitish spot at tip of the corium and a greenish lateral edge : beneath green, with a broad lateral black vitta : feet green: posterior thighs black towards the tip.
Length nearly one-fourth of an inch.
22. CO. ImBECILIS.—Blackish ; antennae second joint white at tip ; hemelytra, with a white band before the middle and spot at the coriaceous tip.
346 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
inhabits Indiana.
Body blackish-piceous; clypeus at tip and rostellum piceous : antenne, first joint dull rufous, terminal third of the second joint white : thorax, anterior segment with an impressed longitudinal line: hemelytra, with a white band before the middle, and a ru- fous spot near the tip of the coriaceous portion; tergum pale ; feet pale rufous : coxe, intermediate and posterior pairs white.
Length under one-fifth of an inch.
23. C. rrroratus.—White ; hemelytra and posterior thighs — with green points.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body white, tinged with green : antenna, first joint with green each side ; remaining joints very pale brownish, the second black at the basal incisure: thorax with a transverse indented line [791] on the anterior submargin, connected with the anterior edge by an indented line from its middle: hemelytra, except on the membraneous portion, irrorate with green points: posterior thighs on the superior edge, with five or six green points.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
24, C. cHLORIONIS.—Green; first and last joints of the an- tennze short, equal. Inhabits Indiana.
Body green, immaculate, with numerous short hairs, impunc- tured : antennee pale; first joint hardly one-fourth the length of the second; second joint cylindric; third joint two-thirds the length of the second; last joint nearly half as long as the third : thorax a little tinged with yellowish : rostrum, feet yellowish.
Length nearly three-twentieths of an inch.
25. CO. coton.—Grayish ; thorax with two black dots. Inhabits Indiana.
Body brownish-gray, with numerous short yellowish hairs; antenne, basal joint robust, narrowed at base, two-thirds the leneth of the second; second joint very slightly thicker at tip, whitish in the middle and for a short space at base, and black- ish at tip: third and fourth joints as long as the first, whitish : thorax with a black orbicular dot each side of the middle: heme- lytra with from three to five obsolete brownish spots on the
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. SAT
corium, and two or three on the membrane: beneath dusky, varied with yellowish lineations on each side of the venter: feet yellowish thighs dusky at tip; tibia with about two dusky annu- lations.
Length over one-fourth of an inch.
This species, like many others, is subject to vary. It is some- times yellowish, variegated with brownish, but the thoracic or- bicular spots and the annulations of the second joint of the an- tenne distinguish it.
The following species having large and very prominent eyes ; antenne, excepting the first joint, remarkably slender and fili- form, situated on the front above an imaginary line drawn be- tween the anterior angles of the eyes, and with elongated feet, may be separated under the subgeneric name Cy/lapus. [792]
26. C. TENUICORNIS.—Blackish : hemelytra one or two spotted with whitish ; antennee, second joint white at tip; thighs annu- lated.
Inhabits Indiana.
Head somewhat variegated with ‘yellowish ; almost vertical; deeply impressed between the eyes, and with an impressed line: eyes very prominent: antennz elongated, first joint robust, black ; remaining joints slightly thickened at tip and terminating in a white spot: thorax punctured, anterior margin somewhat elevated, with an impressed line; an obsolete slender pale line proceeds thence to the base: scutel punctured, with a hardly elevated, carinated line, tip obsoletely whitish: hemelytra punc- tured; an obsolete interrupted and abbreviated band near the middle and a rather more distinct band near the tip’ of the coria- ceous portions, whitish ; beneath piceous; a triangular spot over the interval between the intermediate and posterior feet, pale green: feet long, pale reddish-brown; thighs biannulate with whitish beyond the middle: tibize with an obsolete annulus a little beyond the middle.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
Readily distinguishable by the tenity [tenuity] of the san and the very prominent eyes; the head also is almost vertica and the feet are long. In the magnitude and prominence of the
eyes it resembles Salda and Acanthia.
348 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
27. C. BRACTATUS.—Black; hemelytra with numerous golden points.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black: antennz first joint nearly one-fourth the length of the second; dull honey-yellow at base; second joint rather long, very slightly larger towards the tip, dull honey-yellow in the middle: hemelytra with numerous small spots consisting each of afew golden hairs; membrane fuliginous: knees tibie and tarsi yellowish.
Length less than one-tenth of an inch.
It is a very small species often in company with the preceding.
MIRIS F.
1. M. vAcans F.—I have compared our specimens with those of Europe and do not observe a specific difference. It is com- mon. [ 793 ]
2. M. porsatis.—Pale yellowish-rufous, immaculate; head with an abbreviated indented line; antennee rather robust, taper- ing, rufous ; first joint rather thick, as long as the third; second joint about three times as long as the third, cylindric; tergum pale sanguineous excepting the margin; sexual carina elevated, single.
Length less than three-tenths of an inch.
Inhabits United States.
The small hairs of the antenne are not equal to the diameter of their respective joints.
TINGIS Fabr.
1. T. cim1ata.—Dilated; nervures and edge ciliate with short spines: hemelytral lateral edge rectilinear.
Inhabits United States.
Whitish, reticulate with nervures on which are short spines ; widely margined ; color whitish; thorax with an inflated carina before, extending over the head; sides dilated, bullate, a little elevated, lateral and anterior margins ciliate with short spines : scutel with the lateral margin elevated, and an acute, highly elevated carina on the middle: hemelytra dilated, with an in- flated carina before the middle of each, on which fis a brown spot; edge ciliate with short spines, excepting the posterior
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 549
third and tip, which are unarmed rectilinear; beneath piceous- black: feet pale yellowish. Length to the tip of hemelytra three-twentieths of an inch. The larva is spinous, fuscous, with a large yellowish spot each side of the middle, and before the middle a broad yellowish vitta. The species is very common.
2. T. cINEREA.—Not dilated, ‘hemelytra with six or seven marginal spots.
Inhabits United States.
Body gray; not dilated on the margin; with much dilated punctures; head deeply bifid at tip and with a short robust spine between the eye and antenne ; antenne, basal joint spheri- eal, abruptly smaller at base; second joint not longer than the first, and less dilated; thorax with four elevated lines, obsolete behind; anterior lateral margin a little dilated: hemelytra covered, like the thorax, with dilated, approximate punctures, [794] and having on the lateral margin a series of six or seven black spots; beneath grayish, more or less varied with brown: venter brownish, with spots or lines of grayish.
Length to tip of hemelytra more than one-tenth of an inch.
In form much resembling 7. cardui F. It is not uncommon.
-3. T. MuticA.—Thorax and scutel with a single line; heme- lytra with a brown spot.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body grayish-brown, unarmed, not dilated on the margin ; with much dilated punctures: antenne, second joint rather thicker than the first: thorax, with a paler, slender, glabrous line, and paler line each side: scutel with a paler line on the middle, and a short one each side, not elevated; hemelytra like the thorax with dilated approximate punctures; on the middle an obvious darker, irregular spot or band ; membrane reticulate with brown; beneath dusky : tibie paler.
Length to tip of hemelytra over- one-tenth of an inch.
4, T. pnexus.—Thorax and scutel trilineate ; hemelytra ob- scurely and minutely reticulate.
Inhabits United States.
Body brownish, more or less tinged with yellow, with dilated
350 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
approximate punctures ; head with three elevated lines: thorax not dilated on the sides; with three elevated lines: scutel also with three elevated lines: hemelytra with small, symmetrical, orbicular reticulations of nervures; two series of which on the lateral margin are a little larger; those near the inner margin of the membrane also a little larger.
Length to tip of hemelytra nearly three-twentieths of an inch.
5. T. arcuATA.—Dilated; nervures and edge ciliate with short spines; lateral edge of the hemelytra arquated.
Inhabits United States.
Whitish with brown spots; dilated; edge, excepting behind, and many of the nervures, ciliated with short spines; nervures pale brownish: thorax with an inflated carina, extending over the head, with one or two large brown spots; sides dilated, bullate, with a brown spot: scutel with an acute, highly elevated carina on the middle, on which is a brown transverse line: hemelytra with an inflated carina before the middle of each, [ 795 ] on which is a brown spot; and a brown band before the carina, and another on the terminal margin: lateral edge con- cavely arquated, without spines on its posterior third and tip: tergum and beneath black ; feet yellowish.
Length to tip of hemelytra nearly three-tenths of an inch.
Resembles ciliata N., but may be distinguished by the brown bands and the arquated exterior edge of the hemelytra..
ARADUS Fabr.
1. A. cRENATUS.—Antenne, second and third joints subequal cylindrical [;] edge of the abdomen obtusely crenated.
Inhabits United States.
Body dull brown or yellowish-brown; head inequal, with two longitudinal indented lines: an acute projecting~ point before each eye; tip prominent, obtuse: antenna, second joint cylin- dric, hardly longer than the third, which is cylindrical, slightly narrower at base: fourth joint a little longer than the third, rather thicker at tip and obtuse: thorax quadrilineate ; sides widely rounded, obviously recurved, and irregularly dentate on the edge: scutel, margin elevated; hemelytra minutely dentate on the exterior basal edge: tergum rufous, margin cinereous with blackish angular spots: edge rather deeply crenate: be-
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 351
neath dull rufous in the middle: feet yellowish, annulate with brownish.
Length nearly nine-twentieths of an inch.
Much larger than quadrilineatus nob., which has short and robust antenne, the second joint smaller at base, &c. Mr. Nuttall presented me with an individual taken in Missouri, and I pos- sess other specimens obtained in this State.
2. A. acuTrus.—Third and fourth joints of the antennz to- gether, two-thirds the length of the second.
Inhabits Florida and Indiana.
Body fuscous: head inequal, with two longitudinal, indented lines; an acute, projecting point before each eye: tip promi- nent, obtuse: antenne black; second joint elongated, narrower at base: third and fourth joints equal; taken together not more than two-thirds the length of the second: thorax quadrilineate, three or four very obvious denticulations on the anterior part [796] of the lateral edge; scutel on the edge a little elevated ; hemelytra on the humerus dull yellowish with a denticulated edge; tergum with quadrate cinereous spots in a series within the margin ; margin with obsolete pale spots and incisures : tibix paler than the thighs: venter tinged with rufous.
Length over seven-twentieths of an inch.
Like planus Fabr. ; but the second joint of the antenne of that insect is shorter, cylindric, and the third and fourth joints alto- gether are nearly equal in length to the third.
It is abundant in Indiana as well as in Florida and varies in having the nervures of the hemelytral membrane margined with whitish.
3. A. stmILis.—Third and fourth joints of the antenna to- gether as long as the second.
Inhabits United States.
Body brown: head inequal, with two longitudinal, indented lines: an acute, projecting point before edth eye; tip prominent obtuse : antennge,, second joint cylindrical, very slightly thicker towards the tip; third joint whitish, cylindric half as long as the second ; fourth joint fuscous, a little shorter than the third and narrowed a little toward the base: thorax quadrilineate, lateral edge dentate: tergum slightly serrate ‘on the lateral edge: be- neath fuscous on the disk: feet brownish.
352 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
Length over one-fourth of an inch.
Resembles the acutus nob., which however has the second joint of the antennze longer and the ultimate joints equal. It still more resembles planus F., but the antenne of that species are obviously more robust. The penultimate joint of the antennee is sometimes very dull and almost obsoletely whitish.
2. A. rEcTUS——Hemelytra not dilated at the humerus.
Inhabits Missouri and Florida.
Body fuscous, rather slender: head with an indented line each side ; an acute, projecting point before each eye; tip prominent, obtuse ; antennee, joints very slightly smaller towards the base ; second joint nearly as long as the third and fourth together ; the latter a little shorter than the third: thorax quadrilineate and having the thicker abbreviated line near the exterior angle very distinct; scutel with the edge considetably elevated : [ 797] hemelytra, corium rather long, the humerus not dilated, but rectilinear with the remaining part of the edge; grayish with fuscous nervures.
Length over three-twentieths of an inch.
A small species ; sufficiently distinct from the nccoeaine by the rectilinear edge of the hemelytra.
5. A. onnATUS.—Hemelytra, abdomen and feet pale ; antennze robust.
Tnhabits Indiana.
Body blackish-fuscous : head with the process before the eyes, prominent, acute; antennze robust: thorax rather short; sides depressed and a little reflected; edge regularly rounded : pos- terior margin with about three glabrous, polished spots: scutel concave towards the tip: hemelytra whitish, more or less spotted with brown; humerus prominent, rounded : abdomen pale rufous, margin paler, with blackish lines: feet yellowish, thighs at base and tibie blackish, but paler on the posterior pairs.
Length under one-fourth of an inch.
Resembles guadrilineatus nob., but the polished thoracic spots and the much more prominent and rounded humerus, not to mention its coloring, readily distinguishes it.
6. A. #QuaLIs.—Second and third joints of the antennx equal, thoracic margin reflected.
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 358
Inhabits Indiana.
Body fuscous: head with the process before the eyes acute and rather prominent; nasus somewhat robust: antenne reddish- brown, second and third joints equal; fourth joint two-thirds the length of the third: thorax with two approximate elevated lines and a less obvious lateral line which is obsolete before ; lateral margin rather widely reflected, yellowish: hemelytra varied a little with dull yellowish: humerus yellowish, dilated ; tergum with rather broad transverse rufous lines on the margin; rostrum longer than the head: venter, on the margin like the margin of the tergum.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
The equality in length of the second and third joints of the antennz, distinguishes this species. [798]
7. A. GRANULATUS.—Second joint of the antenne shorter than the third ; corium but little longer than the scutel, edge of the thorax obtusely emarginate.
Inhabits Florida and Indiana.
Body fuscous, densely granulated: head with an impressed line each side near the eyes and two near the middle, an acute point before the eyes and an obtuse tip: antenne rather short, second and fourth joints equal; third joint longest: thorax slightly lineated before, but without any appearance of an elevated line behind : lateral edge obtusely emarginate before the middle: scutel broad, obtuse at tip: hemelytra narrower than the abdo- men; humerus not dilated; nervures distinct; corium but little longer than the scutel, with rather prominent nervures ; mem- brane dull whitish: wings as long as the hemelytra: tergum, beneath the wings, rufous: rostrum not longer than the head.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
I found it common in Florida.
With the two following species, it possesses many characters in common with Anewrus, and may be considered as the connec- ting link with that genus. It has the short, dilated rostrum ; the second joint of the antenne shorter than the third; the wide, obtuse scutel; the short feet, and the anterior feet set wide apart as in that genus, but the appearance of the head and the structure of the hemelytra correspond with Aradus, excepting
the brevity of the corium. 23
304 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
8. A. EMARGINATUS.—Thorax obtusely emarginate before the middle, edge without elevated lines behind.
TInhabits Mexico.
Body black: head with an acute tubercle at base of the antennee, and another behind the eye: antenna, first joint more robust than the others, rather suddenly attenuated at base, some- what larger than the apical prominence of the head; second joint shorter than the first, and not longer than the last; third joint longest; terminal joint attenuated at base, pale at tip: thorax transversely impressed in the middle, the impression terminating each side in an obtuse emargination, edge very minutely crenate ; anterior margin slightly quadrilobate ; heme- lytra [ 799] at the termination obliquely rectilinear ; corium but little longer than the scutel.
Length nearly three-tenths of an inch.
The thorax has no appearance of elevated lines, but these are substituted by four slightly elevated obtuse bulle on the anterior margin. This species is closely allied to granulatus nob., but is a much larger insect.
9. [A.] toparus.—Thorax acutely emarginate before the mid- dle of the edge, without elevated lines behind.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body fuscous, granulated : head with the projection before the eyes rather obtuse, tip robust, obtuse ; antennee, third joint longer than the second : thorax quadrilineate before the middle ; lateral edge acutely emarginate before the middle, anterior angles lobi- form: scutel with an elevated line and lateral edge: hemelytra with a short corium; much narrower than the tergum: rostrum not longer than the head.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
Resembles granulatus and emarginatus nob., but the nasus and angulated projection before the eye are much more obtuse, and the emargination of the lateral edge of the thorax is acute and more profound, and the thoracic lineations are in much higher relief. The species is uncommon.
ANEURUS Curtis.
A. POLITUS.— Rufous; tubercle before the eyes short obtuse. Inhabits Florida.
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. $55
Body rufous, somewhat polished; minutely rugulous, much depressed: head fuscous, excepting the prominent lobe or nasus which is subacute, tubercle before the eyes scarcely prominent, obtuse: thorax brown behind; anterior angles rather prominent and rounded ; lateral edge widely emarginate : scutel brown, con- vex ; hemelytra brown at base, fuliginous towards the tip.
Length three-twentieths of an inch.
Resembles the /evis Fabr., but the hemelytra are not dull white on the margin; and the tubercle before the eyes is not prominent, as represented by Curtis. ' [800]
REDUVIUS Fabr.
1. R. Lrytraris.—Black, thoracie and abdominal margin, basal margin of the hemelytra, coxe and pectoral spots san- guineous.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black, somewhat hairy: thorax transversely impressed before the middle; a narrow sanguineous margin all around: seutel with a narrow sanguineous margin: hemelytra with the basal third of the costal edge dilating a little on the humerus, sanguineous: abdomen on the superior and inferior margin san- guineous : feet anterior pairs, trochanters and above each foot on the pectus, sanguineous; posterior tibie slightly curved near the tip, and with a hairy dilation nearly ‘equal to the diameter of the tibia.
Length to tip of hemelytra seven-tenths of an inch.
Both this and the following species have many points of agree- ment with the Fabrician description of crassipes, which, how- ever, is “ fuscous :” “ thorax margine laterali et postico tenuissime rufo. Scutellum nigrum.” It is the anterior pairs of the tibie that are robust and they exhibit on the anterior tip a groove to receive the tarsi.
[Belongs to Apiomerus.—UHLER. ]
2. R. VENTRALIS.—Brown-black; posterior margin of the elytra, and abdomen sanguineous, the latter with lateral black spots and lateral vittee beneath.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body brown-black, somewhat hairy: thorax transversely im- pressed before the middle ; anterior portion inequal; posterior portion margined each side and behind narrowly with sanguine-
356 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
ous: hemelytra with a rufous corium: abdomen sanguineous, with large marginal quadrate black spots above and beneath and dilated lateral black ventral vittee: cox sanguineous: not re- markably distinguished.
Length about two-fifths of an inch.
The feet are not remarkably dilated as in crassipes F.: the species is also described to have “ elytra fusca basi parum rufa” “corpus nigrum pectore utrinque punctis, abdomine margine rubris” “pedes incrassati,’ &e. I owe it to the kindness of Nuttall.
3. R. acuminatus. Yellow, dusky along the middle; head vesicular behind; hairy.
Inhabits Indiana. [801]
Body honey-yellow, very hairy: head short, almost rounded, sub-equally divided by a deeply indented line behind the eyes ; posterior lobe vesicular, somewhat inflated, short ; antenne fus- cous, pale at base: rostrum, basal joint longer than the second and third together: thorax subequally divided by a deeply in- dented line; anterior lobe somewhat longer, deeply divided by a longitudinal line ; posterior portion with an indented line before, and a blackish disk: seutel with three elevated lines and termi- minating in an acuminated spine; hemelytra dusky along the middle ; anterior tibie a litle dilated at tip: beneath with a broad, piceous vitta each side and a carinate line along the middle.
Length one fifth of an inch.
When alarmed, the basal joint of the antennz, which is nearly as long as the head and thorax, is thrown backward, and the second joint deflected. It is common.
4. R. siceps.—Yellowish; hemelytra whitish: head bilobate.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body a little hairy: head elongated; profoundly impressed behind the eyes, bilobate : rostrum robust: second joint longest : antenne second and third joints equal, fourth hardly shorter, and no less robust; basal joint shorter: thorax with two trans- verse impressed lines and a slightly indented longitudinal one : hemelytra and wings whitish; anterior feet somewhat robust; their tibie gradually dilated to the tip.
Length to tip of hemelytra over one-tenth of an inch.
The impressed line of the head is remarkably deep, giving the
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. Lyf
appearance of a double head; the impressed line of the thorax is on the posterior submargin, and the anterior impressed line is very obvious.
5. R. insrpiosus.—Black ; hemelytra pale at base of the corium ; membrane milky-white.
Inhabits United States.
Body very small, black, punctured ; antennz whitish, somewhat hairy; basal joint blackish; second joint longer than the third ; fourth joint as long as the third, a little dilated and compressed : thorax minutely rugulous transversely and with a slight trans- verse [802] indentation: scutel transversely rugulous : heme- lytra yellowish-white on the corium at tip of which is a large, triangular, blackish spot; membrane milky-white : feet whitish ; thighs, excepting their tips, black.
Length more than one-twentieth of an inch.
This is a very common little species in almost every part of the , Union, on flowers. The large triangular black hemelytra spots are very conspicuous. The antennz are rather short and robust. The lateral edge of the thorax is not interrupted.
6. R. muscutus.—Black ; hemelytra white, corium and mem- brane blackish at tips; feet honey-yellow.
Inhabits North-west Territory.
Body small, unarmed, black, somewhat polished: antennz : thorax a little contracted on the anterior margin, almost like a short neck; on the middle an obtusely impressed, but not profound band, behind which the surface is minutely wrinkled ; posterior margin deeply and obtusely emarginated : scutel rugose towards the depressed tip: hemelytra, whitish, hyaline; corium with a large blackish spot occupying the posterior half; membrane dusky towards the tip: feet honey-yellow; tarsi dusky at tip.
Length to tip of hemelytra over three-twentieths of an inch.
Resembles the preceding, but it is larger, the head more elon- gated and otherwise very distinct.
7. R. pecroraALis nob.—New species of N. Amer. Ins. found by J. Barabino. [Ante, p. 306.] A complicated spine beneath the eye and a projecting spine each side of the pectus before.
(Se) on [o,2)
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
PETALOCHEIRUS Beauv.
1. P. crucratus.—Sanguineous, thoracic spot, scutel and hemelytra black; scutel bifid at tip.
Inhabits United States. 7
Body sanguineous : head black behind the eyes ; antenne black : thorax with a longitudinal impressed line extending nearly to the base and forming a cruciate mark with the transverse line ; an irregular black spot on the disk; scutel rugulose, lip [tip] orbicularly bifid: hemelytra black ; humerus yellowish : pectus and postpectus black: feet whitish; thighs at tip and tibize [803] at tip and base blackish; tarsi dusky; rostrum pale, second joint blackish.
Length half an inch.
IT have taken this insect in Indiana and Missouri, and Mr. Oemler sent me a specimen from Georgia.
[This is etrychotes bicolor H. Schiffer, 8, tab. 266, fig. 822.— Unie. |
2. P. siaurtatus nob., New Sp. of N. Amer. Ins. found by
J. Barabino, p. 13. [Ante, p. 307.] Hemelytra with a yellow spot beyond the middle and another at base.
NABIS Latr. 1. N. purcig Drury (Cimex) Ins. V. p. 63, pl. 45, f. 4. I
took many specimens in Georgia and Florida. [Belongs to Hammatocerus—U HLER. |
2. N. NOVENARIUS nob., (Reduvius) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. [Ante, p. 71. Belongs to Prionotus—UHLER. |
PLOIARLA Scop.
1. P. rRATERNA.—Brown; feet immaculate; hemelytra as long as the head and thorax.
Inhabits New Orleans.
Body slender and elongated, brown; resembling P. ; Amer. KEntom. vy. 8, pl. 47, [Ante, p. 106,] but is smaller; feet im- maculate: largest spine of the anterior feet white, with a black tip ; tibie blackish: head paler than the thorax, with a double brown line diverging anteriorly before the transversed impressed
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 359
line: posterior portion pale; hemelytra hardly longer than the anterior portion of the body.
Length to tip of hemelytra seven-tenths of an inch.
This insect was sent to me by Mr. Barabino. It closely re- sembles our common species represented in the Am. Entom. vol. 3, pl. 47, but is much smaller, and the feet have no appear- ance of annulations. °
3. [2] P. ERRABUNDA.—This is so closely allied to P. vaga- bunda Fabr., that I give it a distinct name with much hesitation ; nevertheless the anterior thighs are somewhat less elongated, with the two basal spines much more prominent than the others ; the abdomen is immaculate, the annulations of the feet are much more obvious; the lateral carinate line of the thorax has a pro- minence like an obtuse spine before : in these characters it differs from the vagabunda : but in the spotted appearance of the heme- lytra and the form and magnitude of the scutellar spines it re- sembles that species.
[A synonym of this species is P. maculata Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Phil., 8, 151.—UHteEnr. | [804 |
ACANTHIA Sehr. Latr.
1. A. n1iGATA.—Black, with yellowish spots ; exterior margin of the thorax and hemelytra yellowish.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black : head with yellow orbits ; thorax with an indented spot before the middle : lateral margin yellow with a black edge ; at base two yellow spots : scutel with a yellow spot on the lateral margin near the base and two other spots or abbreviated lines near the tip: hemelytra with yellow spots; a yellow lateral margin and black edge; membrane fuliginous, with a transverse series of dull yellowish, oblong spots, and a yellow marginal spot: feet pale with one or two longitudinal black lines, which on the thighs are more or less dilated: venter, segments on their posterlor margins pale yellow.
Length to tip of hemelytra one-fourth of an inch.
2. A. Hirta.—Hairy, brownish, darker before.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body densely hairy, dull yellowish-brown or fuliginous : head a little darker at base: thorax blackish before the transverse line :
360 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
scutel blackish : hemelytra conspicuously hairy, with a [few] dull yellowish spots, as well on the membrane as the corium: pectus a little varied with black; remaining inferior surface including the feet immaculate.
Length to tip of hemelytra under one-fourth of an inch.
This species may be recognised by its more obviously hairy vesture ; its color is also paler than usual in this genus.
3. A. LUGUBRIS.—Black ; membrane of the hemelytra, ob- tusely [obsoletely ] spotted.
Inhabits Missouri.
Body black, subopake: head between the antenne with three yellowish points: antennze first and second joints dull yellowish before : thorax and scutel immaculate : hemelytra immaculate on the corium, or with an obsolete dull yellowish point on the middle of the tip; membrane with two or three obsolete dull yellowish spots, [on the ?] inner margin and tip: beneath with a yellowish spot before each of the anterior feet ; feet pale yellow- ish; tibiz and tarsi more dusky: thighs, particularly the anterior and posterior pairs, with a more or less dilated black [ 805 ] line toward their tips: coxze black: anterior pair yellow- ish at tip, remaining pairs slightly tipped with yellowish.
Length to tip of hemelytra less than three-tenths of an inch.
For this species I am indebted to Nuttall, who obtained it in Missouri.
4. A. HUMULIS [HUMILIS].—Black, hemelytra with a yellow- ish margin and three spots.
Inhabits Florida.
Body black, with short, scattered hairs: head with a trans- verse white line before and a longitudinal yellowish line on the nasus : antennee fuscous, basal joint whitish before: thorax with an impressed puncture before the impressed transverse line: hemelytra with the exterior margin [and] three rather large spots along the sub-margin, yellowish, membrane dull yellowish, with black nervures and fuscous oblong spots in a transverse series alternating with the nervures: feet and rostrum yellowish.
Length to tip of hemelytra one-tenth of an inch.
The interstitials nob., which this resembles, has the exterior margin of the hemelytra black and is much larger ; it has also a
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 361
large spot on the middle of the tip of the hemelytra, that does not exist in this species.
The interstitialis is much like the Jittoralis Fabr., but in none of my specimens of the latter is there a large ell gris spot on the middle of the tip of the corium.
5. A. CONFLUENTA [CONFLUENS].—Black ; membrane of the hemelytra with a blackish band.
Inhabits United States.
Antenne pale at base: head and thorax immaculate: corium with a large marginal spot before the middle and another at tip ; two small spots [where?]; membrane with fuscous nervures and a continuous, blackish, arquated band on the middle: feet whitish ; tarsi with lselich tips ; thighs with an obsolete brown line: ene whitish at tip.
Length to tip of hemelytra one-fourth of an inch.
The band of the membrane does not reach the inner margin.
It is equal in size to ligata. [ 806 }
HYDROMETRA Latr.
H. Lrneata.—Fuscous ; hemelytra dull whitish with bleek nervures.
Inhabits United States.
Body fuscous, or brown, more or less deep: hemelytra dull whitish or dusky, with black nervures: wings opake white, with black nervures: tergum pale, quadrilineate with black; two of the lines on the edge and the interval betweeen the two inner lines dull whitish or bright yellow ; the incisures of the segments more or less black: beneath and feet obscure yellowish: thorax with a more or less obvious pale line.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
This is very much like the stagnorum F., but the hemelytra are not testaceous, and there is no thoracic impressed line.
[Male ?] Body blued-black ; thorax with a pale line ; antennz and feet dark honey-yellow; tergum and venter without lines.
Var. a. australis. Head beyond the eyes a little longer and a little more dilated at tip; second joint of the antenne a little more dilated at tip: abdomen with five lateral whitish points.
Inhabits New Orleans.
362 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
GERRIS Latr.
1. G. rEmIcis.—Dark olivaceous; thorax rounded behind, without an elevated line.
Inhabits United States.
Body dark brownish-olivaceous ; thorax transversely rugulose without much appearance of a dorsal raised line: a dull ochra- ceous and indented line before ; posterior margin regularly and obtusely rounded with but a very narrow depressed margin : tergum with a black line on the middle, in which is a series of obsolete gray lines ; lateral margin with a series of grayish points or short transverse lines: beneath with a silvery sericeous reflec- tion, an impressed line on the anterior part of the pectus behind the anterior feet.
Length half an inch.
A great similarity exists between some of the species of this genus, and I have ventured to separate this species from the paludum F., which is said to have an elevated line on the thorax and another on the pectus and postpectus. [ 807 |
The thorax on the posterior segment is generally obtusely tinged with dull yellowish, with a blackish longitudinal line in the middle.
Var. a. Thoracic elevated line rather more obvious: grey lines of the middle of the tergum more distinct.
Inhabits Mexico.
2. G. MARGINATUS.—Thorax with an elevated line: behind with an obvious depressed margin ; abdominal margin dull rufous.
Inhabits United States.
Body blackish, more or less tinged with olivaceous: thorax with a raised line, more elevated behind; lateral indented edge~ dull rufous; posterior depressed margin rather wide and very obvious : abdomen with the margin dull rufous: feet dull rufous ; anterior thighs with a blackish line on both sides; coxze dull rufous beneath: beneath with a slightly elevated line, termi- nating anteriorly in a depressed one; blackish, with a silvery reflection.
Length over seyen-twentieths of an inch.
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 363
Much smaller than the preceding, and more slender, of a darker color; abdominal margin of a different color, and the posterior margin of the thorax is broadly depressed. I obtained
an individual, and Nuttall gave [me] one which he took in Mis- souri.
3. G. CANALICULATUS.—Above brownish ; beneath yellowish, with a pectoral groove extending to the venter.
Inhabits Georgia.
Head dark brown, with a silvery line from the eye to the antennee: antenne honey-yellowish and feet of the same color, the tarsi dusky: thorax dull yellowish or dull fulvous, darker each side, with a dorsal dull fulvous line and lateral margin, beneath which is a double black line enclosing a silvery one: hemelytra brown with black nervures: tergum fulvous with a black lateral line and yellowish margin: terminal spines even with the tip of the tail: beneath yellowish fulvous: pectus with an obvious groove, extending to the venter, and in which behind is a blackish line.
Length less than two-fifths of an inch. [ 808 |
Differs from marginatus nob. in haying an obvious groove be- neath extending to the venter. The whole inferior [surface] also is yellowish, with the usual silvery reflection: the posterior de- pressed margin of the thorax is not so wide as in that species, and has no raised line.
NAUCORIS Geoff. Latr.
1. N. prorunpa.—Oval, dark greenish, rugulose; inferior membrane velvet black.
TInhabits Mexico.
The whole surface is covered with a minute, confused rough- ness; the form is rather dilated oval: thorax profoundly emar- ginate to receive the head; posterior submarginal line very distinct ; lateral margin depressed: posterior angles obtusely rounded: hemelytra with the covered membrane deep velvet black: tergum dull yellowish with a blackish line on the edge and spots on the margin: beneath blackish fuscous : feet green- ish; anterior pair of thighs dilated, triangular, ciliated with golden hair.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
364 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
The femorata Beauv., is less dilated, polished, the head larger, and less profoundly inserted into the thorax, the thorax is also not marginally depressed and its angles are not obtusely rounded as in this species. It was taken by Wm. Bennett and presented to me by Mr. Maclure.
2. N. sryarca.—Black, front quadrilineate.
Inhabits Georgia.
Body oval, brown-black, rather rough: head crenate on the front so as to form four denticulations: eyes rounded, rather prominent: thorax not emarginate before, with a slightly de- pressed margin behind; anterior thighs dilated triangular : heme- lytra with oblique lines; they appear united at the suture.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
Ihave but one mutilated specimen which was sent to me by Mr. Oemler. If I am not deceived by this specimen, the species is apterous and the hemelytra are united by a rectilinear suture, which will require the formation of a separate genus which may be named Nerthra. [ 809]
BELOSTOMA Latr.
1. B. rLUMINEA.—F uscous ; head before the eyes attenuated ; feet spotted. .
Inhabits United States.
Body rather long ovate, grayish or fuscous: head rapidly tapering from the anterior canthus of the eyes to the tip, form- ing in that part an equilateral triangle, of which the tip is ob- tuse, but less than one-fourth the breadth of the space between the eyes: the anterior lobe or nasus hardly reaches the line between the anterior canthus of the eyes: thorax a little emar- ginate before, and less obviously so on each side ; posterior to the transverse suture and a narrow lateral margin, paler: tibize and and tarsi each with three black spots or interrupted annulations.
Length from seven-tenths to four-fifths of an inch.
This species is no doubt related to B. rustica Fabr., but he describes the thorax of that species as being white before. Like that species, the female carries her eggs upon her back. Stoll’s figure of the rustica represents it of a short ovate form. It has not an extensive range. I purchased a specimen taken New Haven, one was sent to me from Georgia by Mr. Oemler of
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 365
Savannah and it is found in Pennsylvania and in Indiana and Louisiana.
Var. a. immaculata. Much smaller; lateral margin of the thorax depressed and slightly reflected ; feet immaculate.
Length half an inch.
Most probably a distinct species, but I have seen but one spe- cimen.
As the large North American species does not appear to have been noticed, I will add a description of it.
[Previously described as B. Boscii Serv. Enc. Meth. 10, 273 : Zaitha Boscti Amyot and Serv. 480: Perthostoma auruntiacum Leidy, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil. 2d ser. 1,62. It really belongs to the latter genus, and not to Zaitha.—UU.Er. ]
2. B. ariseaA.—Oblong-oval; head before the eyes very short, not attenuated ; beneath with three blackish vittee.
Inhabits United States.
Body oblong-suboval, slightly wider behind the middle, gray- ish-brown varied with fuscous or blackish, particularly on each side of the disks of the thorax and scutel: head between the eyes hardly tapering from the base to the tip: from the anterior canthus of the eyes to the tip, shorter than broad, not narrowed: [810] thorax, lateral edge rectilinear: pectus and postpectus yellow, with three broad black vitta, which become more dilated, brown and less obvious on the abdomen: feet obsoletely suban- nulate.
Length two inches and one-fifth; greatest breadth less than nine-tenths of an inch.
Occurs in various parts of the Union. I received a specimen many years since from Dr. F. V. Melsheimer labelled Vepa grisea, which name I retain. It differs from the preceding in magni- tude, in the form of the anterior part of the head, &c. It is much like the B. grandis Linn., but is hardly half as large, and if Stoll’s figure of that insect has any pretensions to accuracy, it is in other respects quite distinct. In that figure the greatest breadth is at the base of the elytra, &c.
It inhabits from Canada to Florida.
[Subsequently described as B. annulipes H. Schiffer, 8, tab 258, fig. 803 and 804: also as B. americanum Leidy, Journ.
366 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 2d ser. 1,58. It is found from Puget Sound to Mexico, and from Maine to Florida, and thence to Bra- zil. Dr. Leidy expresses the belief that it is ouly a variety of B. grandis, in which opinion I entirely coincide. Stoll’s figure represents B. indicum, and should not have been cited for the present species.—UHLER. ]
3. B. pmwatTata.—Dark grayish-brown, much dilated, ovate somewhat depressed : head obsoletely varied with dull-yellowish : thorax with the lateral margin very distinct; anterior edge ob- viously elevated ; impressed line of the posterior submargin well defined, not abbreviated ; feet somewhat annulated ; venter tinged with rufous.
Inhabits Mexico.
Length one inch and one-tenth.
Resembles fluminea nob., but is much larger and proportionally much more dilated. It was found between Vera Cruz and Jalapa by Wm. Bennett and presented to me by Mr. Maclure.
[This is the Paysan americain Stoll, Punaises, 11, pl. 1, fig. 1; Amyot and Serville have given it the name of Stolle?. It belongs to Zaitha, and was described in Stanbury’s Expedition to Great Salt Lake as Z. bifoveata Hald. 370, pl. 10, fig. 1. It is also figured by H. Schiffer (9, 292) as Z. Stollei—U HLER. ]
CORIXIA Geoff. Latr.
1. ©. cAtvA.—Thorax eight or nine lined: lines of the heme- lytra subequal.
Inhabits United States.
Body above glabrous, polished, pale yellowish, with transverse, black lines: head immaculate, the posterior angles distinct: thorax with eight or nine black transverse lines: hemelytra with numerous, undulated or angulated black transverse lines more or less bifid and inosculated ; those of the anterior inner portion not larger than the others; lateral grooves and all beneath yel- lowish white.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch. [811 |
Quite distinct from the interrupta and alternata nob., which are both minutely rugulous.
2. C. ABDOMINALIS.—Abdomen sanguineous at base. Inhabits Mexico.
HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. 367
Body blackish, with slender, yellowish transverse lines: head greenish-yellow, with a broad dusky line on each side of the mid- die, not extending to the orbit and hardly reaching the vertex, but dilated over the mouth: thorax with twelve to sixteen linea- tions: hemelytra minutely wrinkled longitudinally ; transverse lineations not larger on the inner margin; lateral groove pale fulvous, particularly towards the base where it is hooked, and on the middle it has an oblique black spot: tergum at base Sanguineous : pectus and postpectus black ; feet yellowish ; ante- rior pair black at tip: intermediate pair black on the tibiae and the tip of the thighs; posterior pair, tibie and tip of the tarsi ‘black : venter at base sanguineous.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
This was found in Mexico by Wm. Bennett, and sent me by Mr. Maclure. In point of size it resembles inéerrupta nob., which, however, is but obsoletely wrinkled at the base of the hemelytra: its transverse lineations are much more undulated, and the abodomen is pale yellowish beneath ; the feet also are im- maculate.
3. C. MERCENARIA.—With the line subequal and an imma- culate space at base.
Inhabits Mexico.
Body smooth, pale yellowish ; head immaculate, convex before, and with an obsolete carina and a few punctures: thorax with about eight or nine transverse black lines: hemelytra with numerous, equally slender, transverse somewhat confused, black lines: a large immaculate space at base; channel of the exterior margin interrupted, immaculate, excepting a dusky dot at tip and a less obvious one beyond the middle; tip rounded: venter blackish, lateral margin and posterior margins of the segments whitish.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
On comparison with the a/ternata nob., it may he distinguished by the equality of the lineations of the hemelytra, those of that [ 812] species being much more regular and wider on the inner anterior margin than on other parts of the hemelytra. The thorax and hemelytra also of that species are minutely rugulose. Passing through the market in the city of Mexico I obtained a
368 HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA.
few specimens from the quantity of at least a peck, exposed for sale by an Aztec woman. They are made use of as food. It is larger than calva nob., and further distinguished by the
immaculate base of the hemelytra.
NOTONECTA L. Latr.
1. N. unputAtTa.—Whitish ; scutel and band blackish.
Inhabits Missouri and Indiana.
Body greenish-white : thorax dusky or blackish behind : scutel velvet black, a slight dull fulvous spot each side near the base and another more or less dilated, at tip: hemelytra with an undulated, fuscous band behind the middle; tip simply emargi- nate, not fissile: beneath blackish, varied with yellowish: feet greenish.
Length two-fifths of an inch
Var. a. Small spots at base of the scutel, none.
This approaches the description of N. americana F., which, however, is said to be “ postice nigro”’ corresponding with speci- mens in my cabinet from Mexico. The black color of the poste- rior portion of the thorax is only transmitted from the part of the scutel which is beneath it.
Var. b. Yellowish, or greenish-white; beneath varied with blackish and yellowish: feet green: hemelytra with three lateral, longitudinal brown spots ; a lateral, submarginal black- ish line.
Var. c. Scutel black: hemelytra blackish with a line at base and tip whitish.
Inhabits Mexico.
This may possibly prove to be a distinct species, but as it pos- sessess many characters in common with the undulatus, I refer it for the present to this species as a variety. I owe it to the kindness of Mr. Ma[c]lure ; it forms part of the collection taken by William Bennett.
I found an individual in Missouri that appears to be the same
as Var. c. [ 813]
COTTON PLANT. 369
Correspondence relative to the Insect that destroys the Cotton Plant.
To THomas Say, Esg., Prof. of Natural History, University of Pennsylvania.
Sir :—I have for several years paid some attention to an in- sect which has infested our cotton, whose character and species I have been very desirous of ascertaining. I addressed a letter to Mr. Stephen Elliott on this subject, and he referred me to you, not being able to give me the description wanted. TI also sent to Dr. Samuel Mitchell of New York, but he likewise -was not able to give any satisfactory account, and referred me to Mr. Le Cont[e] ; but owing tosome adventitious circumstances, I never heard from him, and have now taken the liberty of addressing you, although an entire stranger, and must make my love of the sciences generally, as well as my desire to be acquainted on this particular point, my excuse. I have therefore sent a box containing the moths. They were put into the box in the cater- pillar state, with a few cotton leaves to feed on. After a time they went into the pupa state, and finally became moths. I have written an essay on these insects which is incomplete, from not knowing their scientific name and character. If you will so far
oblige me, please address a few lines on the subject to your obe- dient servant, C. W. CAPERS.
(en
New Harmony, Nov. 1, 1827.
Sir :—I received your interesting communication of the date of Jan. 21, not until Thursday last, and how to account for its long detention I know not. It was brought by private convey- ance in due time from Philadelphia, so that the delay must have occurred in that city, or on its way there. Any future package you may wish to send me, may be confided to the care of a house in New Orleans.
370 COTTON PLANT.
I have carefully examined the contents of the box which accompanied your letter. It contained several cotton moths, which are much injured, but as far as [am enabled to judge by their remaining characters, they constitute a new species, of which I have made the following description :
NOCTUA Fabr.
N. xytina.—Olivaceous, tinged with vinaceous; superior wings with a black spot. [814]
Description —Head vinaceous, with a small whitish tuft before: antennze pale honey-yellow, of moderate length, covered with scales above and short hair beneath: labrum rounded, small : mandibles conic, whitish, with a fascicle of sericeous fulyous hair on the inner base: maxillz as long as the antenna, papilaceous towards the tip: palpi densely covered with short, equal scales, which are intermixed rufous and white; second joint much longer than the first; third joint very distinct, conic, linear; thorax vinaceous with more or less of olivaceous, particularly on the sides: superior wings vinaceous towards the posterior margin obsoletely olivaceous; a little above and partly on the second bifurcation of the post costal nervure is an oblique sub- oval, blackish spot, in which are paler scales, forming almost a double pupil: posterior to this spot is an obsolete, much undu- lated, interrupted, dull rufous line, reaching the anal margin near the middle and the costal margin at two-thirds the distance from the humerus: behind this line is a distinct one, and in some specimens a still less distinct one towards the base of the wing, accompanied by a small spot : inferior wings on the inferior page with a slight, slender, rufous band: anterior tibiae with a spine: posterior tibize with spines on the middle and tip: claws distinct, emarginate beneath.
Leneth to tip of superior wings nine-tenths of an inch.
Larva sixteen-footed, spotted; eyes spotted : beneath immacu- late, simple. Pupa simple, dark chestnut or blackish ; three of the abdominal segments with dilated, rufous, posterior margins.
In the above description, if any errors occur as regards color, you can rectify them from more recent and perfect specimens. With these moths a single individual occurs of the Noctua Jota
COTTON PLANT. 371
Linn. Whether or not this is a confederate of the aylina in de- stroying the cotton plant, you are best able to judge ; but I should rather suppose that itsravages are not particularly directed against that plant, and that its presence here is rather fortuitous.
One of the small vials contains a Gryllotalpa Americana.
I take the earliest conveyance for this letter, in hopes it may reach you early enough to be of some utility.
Yours, &c., T. SAY.
372 MACLURIAN LYCEUM.
[From Contributions of the Maclurian Lyceum to the Arts and Sciences, vol. I. Philadelphia. ]
Note on Capt. Le Conte’s paper on “New Coleopterous Insects of North America,” published in the first volume of the Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York.
Read April 23, 1827.
Colaspis infuscata Le C. is the C. quadrinotata.—See Journal of the Acad. Nat. Se. P. vol. iii. p. 444.
Anthicus murinipennis Le C. is the A. bicolor—See American Entomology, vol. i. pl. x. It is very closely allied to Notoxus serricornis of Panzer, No. 31. [39]
Molorchus affinis Le C. is the M. bimaculatus—See Journal Acad. Nat. Se. P. vol. iii. p. 428.
Chrysomela scalaris Le C. may possibly prove to be the @. decipiens of Weber, p. 52, notwithstanding Weber’s description of the suture, which he says is “ brunneus;’’ a specimen in my collection has a tinge of that color, and another has a slight ap- pearance of the lateral thoracic indentations, which Weber attri- butes to his species. At any rate, I referred the species to that description until another insect could be found better adapted to it.
There can be no doubt respecting priority in relation to the above names. .
MACLURIAN LYCEUM. 373
(From Contributions of the Maclurian Lyceum to the Arts and Sciences. Vol. I., Philadelphia, pp. 67—83.]
A Description of some new species of Hymenoptera of the United States. Read March 3, 1828.
AULACUS Jurine.
A. FASCIATUS.—Wings violaceous with hyaline band.
Inhabits Ohio.
Body black; thorax confluently punctured in transverse grooves ; Wings violaceous with a hyaline band on the middle, hardly reaching the anal margin; abdomen much compressed ; oviducts longer than the abdomen, much incurved at tip.
Length half an inch. [68 |
ICHNEUMON Linn. Fabr.
1. I. parata.—Antenne black with a whitish annulation ; sergum yellow, with five or six blackish bands.
Inhabits Indiana.
Head yellow; disk of the vertex and the occiput black; an- tenne black ; basal and second joint beneath and 15, 16, 17, 18,- 19 and 20 joints pale yellowish: thorax black; band on the collar, line on each side extending to the wings, and interupted before, and a small quadrate spot on the disk, yellow ; scutel and a small spot behind it, yellow: metathorax, posterior disk, yellow ; wings somewhat dusky with fuscous nervures; stigmata pale brownish; central cellule pentangular and transverse, not at all oblique, the superior side very short; tergum, basal segment with the basal incisure, and spot on the disk near the tip, black ; remaining segments with a blackish band at their bases more or less emarginated in their middles; beneath yellow; pectus and postpectus with the transverse incisure, black ; posterior feet, coxee above, excepting at tip, thighs, excepting at base, tibize at tip and first and second joints of tarsi, black ; venter with paler and less perfect bands than those of the tergum.
Var. a. Intermediate thighs black on their middle above.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
374 MACLURIAN LYCEUM.
2. I. concrinnus.—Antenne black with white annulations ; tergum white with six or seven black bands.
Tnhabits Indiana.
Head white; a broad black vitte extending from the black occiput, two black abbreviated lines beneath the antenne, each terminating near an indented point; mandibles brown at tip, a black line from their base to tip ; antennee black; 9 to the 17 joints inclusive, [69] white ; collar yellow, anterior portion black; thorax with a narrow line before the wings widely interrupted before ; a double much abbreviated white line in the middle; scutel and small transverse line behind it, white; metathorax with two longitudinal lines, on each side of which is a spine, and a lateral white line interrupted above; tergum yellow; terminal half of the first segment, and basal two-thirds of each of the others, black ; pectus black; feet honey yellow; cox white ; posterior feet, coxze with a wide much indented black band ; thighs black- ish at base; venter somewhat dusky ; central cellule of the wings as in the preceding.
9 A single line beneath the antennz and an irregular line above the mouth, black; double white line on the thorax widely separated ; an abbreviated, oblique white line from the edge of the scutel towards the superior wings; tergum with the black band of the first segment not terminal; feet honey yellow ; coxee, excepting the posterior pair, white; tip of the tarsi black ; ovi- duct blackish piceous, less than half the length of the abdomen.
Length over two-fifths of an inch.
Second joint of the maxillary palpi dilate, as in Peltastes Illig.
3. I. orrosus.—Antenne black with a white annulation ; ter- gum with a white band on the base of segment.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black with a white orbital line, broader before and ob- solete above ; antenne 9 to the 14 joints inclusive, white; thorax with a line before the wings, interrupted before, and two abbre- viated lines on the disk slightly diverging anteriorly, white ; scu- tel and transverse spot behind it, white; central cellule of the wings [70] a8 in the preceding, but the superior side is somewhat shorter ; tergum, first segment with a triangular band at tip; pleura with a white, longitudinal, abbreviated line beneath the
MACLURIAN LYCEUM. 375
wings and one or two spots behind; beneath with a white spot before the anterior and intermediate coxze ; tibie white lines on their exterior sides ; posterior tarsi, first and second joints with a white line above.
Length more than half an inch.
Second joint of the maxillary palpi dilated as in Peltastes Ilig.
4. I. vinorus.—Black: abdomen rufous.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black ; head above the antenne and occiput, black ; or- bital line interrupted behind, and all beneath the antenne except the incisure, white ; antennz, basal joints beneath, white; collar with a white line; thorax with a short line above the anterior wing and another below it, from the anterior extremity of these lines, a white line proceeds, and is interrupted before; two im- pressed dorsal lines obsolete behind ; scutel and obsolete point behind it, white ; wings, central cellule pentangular, transverse ; metathorax with somewhat elevated rug, enclosing a pentangu- lar space, from the angles of which abbreviated lines diverge, the two posterior of which terminate at the short tubercles ; feet, anterior and intermediate pairs, pale whitish yellow, the coxe white with a black spot behind, the thighs with a black line and tibiee of the anterior pair also with a black line; posterior pair black, second, third and fourth joints of the tarsi, white ; abdo- men bright rufous, immaculate.
Length ® half an inch. [71]
5. I. inqurtsiror.—Black ; feet honey-yellow; posterior tibia white, binnulate with black.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black; palpi whitish; thorax with a white spot on the anterior base of the superior wings; wings, central cellule quad- rangular, longitudinal, narrowed a little at the tip; feet honey- yellow: posterior tibia white, a black annulus near the hase and another somewhat larger at tip; joints of the posterior tars! whitish, blackish at their tip: oviducts nearly as long as the ab- domen.
Length one-fourth of an inch.
Preys upon the larva (of a Bruchus ’) that feeds on the seeds of the Clematis.
376 MACLURIAN LYCEUM.
6. I. prERELAS.—Black ; feet honey-yellow: oviducts elon- gated.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black; immaculate; antennz piceous beneath ; palpi whitish: wings, central cellule subquadrangular, almost triangu- lar, rather longitudinal; posterior tibize and tarsi dusky; ovi- ducts nearly as long as the body, aculeus piceous.
Length three-fifths of an inch.
Belongs to the genus Pimpla Fab.
7. I. nimaris.—Yellowish ; head black, beneath the antennz yellowish.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body yellowish, approaching honey-yellow; head above the antenne and occiput black; beneath the antennze and mouth yellow, a transverse black line above the mouth ; antenne dusky, yellowish beneath, and still darker above, shorter than the body ; thorax with an obsolete, double, pale yellowish line; wings hya- line; central [72] cellule small, quadrangular, longitudinal, some- what oblique, not distinctly narrowed at either end; posterior tarsi at their tip dusky: abdomen depressed: venter with a dusky spot near the tip.
Length % nearly three-tenths of an inch.
8. I. MALAcus.—Body black; antennz annulate with white, beginning at the tenth joint and terminating at the eighteenth ; joints very distinet ; wings blackish ; small cellule with one bulla, large anal cellule with three bulla and two short processes; me- tathorax with elevated lines: abdomen withan impressed line each side.
Length more than half an inch.
9. I. pEcTORALIS.—Black : abdomen rufous; antennze black- ish, whitish near the middle.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black; orbits and all beneath the antennz, yellow ; antennee blackish, 13, 14, 15, 16, joints white: thorax with scutel and a white line before the wings, interrupted before ; transverse line beneath it, yellow; wings hyaline, central cel- lule pentangular, transverse ; pleura black: pectus black, with a large yellow spot between the intermediate and posterior
MACLURIAN LYCEUM. 377
feet: feet yellow ; posterior thighs tinged with rufous } posterior tibie rufous at tip; abdomen rufous, with black incisures. Length over one-fifth of an inch.
10. I. BIrasctaTus.—Ferruginous wings dusky, bifasciate.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body ferruginous; antenne somewhat tinged with whitish beyond the middle and fuscous at tip: thorax circumscribing inci- sure black; wings dusky with a hyaline [73] band hardly beyond the middle and an abbreviated one nearer the tip ; stigma pale fer- ruginous ; inferior wings dusky, with a semifasciate on the mid- dle with hyaline: oviducts black; pectus incisures black ; pos- terior tibize blackish at tip.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
11. I. moruxtus.—Black ; antenne with a whitish annulation.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black: antenne with a white annulation beginning at the tenth or eleventh joint and ending at the sixteenth or seventeenth ; wings violet black; recurrent nervures of the small cellule, with each a salient angle; on the anterior one a whitish dot and an the posterior two white dots: a dot also on the posterior nervure of the small cellule ; metathorax with elevated lines and each side behind an acute angle; abdomen with a short petiole, which is lineated : second segment opaque with confluent punctures, larger towards the base ; color blue-black ; oviduct hardly obvious.
Length three-fifths of an inch.
Second joint of maxillary palpi dilated as in Peltastes lig.
12. I. resmpuus.—Yellowish ; antenna white in the middle and black at tip.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body yellowish, tinged with rufous: antenne not longer than the thorax, the ten basal joints color of the body, 11, to 16 whitish, the remaining joints black; wings hyaline i central cellule pentangular; posterior tibia at tip, and posterior tarsi, dusky.
Length more than one-fourth of an inch. (74)
378 MACLURIAN LYCEUM.
ANOMALON Jurine.
1. A. SEXLINEATA.—Black ; feet rufous ; metathorax with six raised lines.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black; antennz piceous beneath, rather shorter than the body ; palpi yellowish; thorax subtrilobate, the impressed lines being deep and wide ; wings a little dusky, a small whitish spot on the beginning of the carp: central cellule none ; metathorax densely punctured, with six longitudinal, slightly elevated lines, two of which are on the side; feet rufous; posterior tibiz and their tarsi dusky ; tergum, first segment densely and finely pune- tured ; oviduct hardly as long as the abdomen.
Length three-twentieths of an inch.
2. A. HUMERALE.—Black; antenne with a white cinctus.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black, punctured; antennz, 12, 15, 14 and 15th joints white ; thorax with an acute tubercle on the humerus ; somewhat elongated before the wings ; metathorax with two acute tubercles each side at tip; tergum, second segment with an impressed oblique line each side at the basal angle ; oviduct longer than the abdomen; knees white.
Length 2 more than half an inch.
3. A. MELLIPES.—Black: feet honey-yellow.
Inhabits Indiana. y
Body black, polished ; palpi whitish; wings hyaline, with a slight fuliginous tinge; larger middle cellule with three white bulle ; oviduct as long as the body; feet honey-yellow.
Length more than two-fifths of an inch. [75 |
OPHION Fabr.
1. O. srminrarus.—Honey-yellow; head yellow; thorax with two dark lines.
Inhabits Indiana.
Head yellow; antennee honey-yellow; mandibles blackish at tip; thorax with two somewhat reddish brown lines almost ob- solete ; wings with fuscous nervures; costal nervure and carpal spot honey-yellow; the latter dilated, conspicuous ; large central cellule acutely angulated at tip; central cellule angulated
MACLURIAN LYCEUM. 379
at tip; small central cellule angulated at the superior basal angle and with a very slight process, its terminal nervure almost oblit- erated on the outer half, its outer nervure almost obliterated in the middle and white in that part: the two terminal connecting nervures forming an acute angle; pleura paler than the thorax ;
abdomen, second segment hardly as long as the first and limited
than the third.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
2. O. ANALIS.—Reddish-brown: head above black, beneath the antennz yellow ; abdomen black at tip.
Tnhabits Indiana.
Head above the antennze black : beneath the antenn yellow: occiput black, reddish-brown each side: antenne dark reddish- brown, almost black, at base black: beneath somewhat paler, darker towards the base, radical joint yellow at base; thorax red- dish brown, with large blackish disk, divided into three wide lines by two impressed lines; sutures of the scutel and metatho- rax black; wings the larger central cellule obtuse at tip; smaller central cellule with a small angle at tip, where it is widest, very obtusely rounded at the superior basal angle; do not meet and form an angle, carpal spot slender ; pectus black ; posterior thighs blackish at base, their coxe with [76] a black spot, their tibie dusky at tip and their tarsi yellow; abdomen black at tip and on the superior edge of the second segment, which is at least as long as the first segment.
Length 9 nearly three-fifths of an inch.
- 3. O. gEMiInatus.—Yellowish; vertex with a black spot; large central cellule of the wings obtuse at tip.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body dull yellowish ; head yellow; vertex black: antenna somewhat shorter than the body, tinged with brown, the first joint yellow; wings hyaline, with fuscous nervures and honey- yellow somewhat dilated carpal spot : large central cellule obtuse at tip, the nervure of the tip double; smaller central cellule very obtusely rounded at the superior basal angle ; pleura and pectus pale yellowish; abdomen, second segment obviously shorter than the first, and not longer than the third.
Length about two-fifths of an inch.
380 MACLURIAN LYCEUM.
This species closely resembles O. bilineatus nob., but is much smaller, and the arrangement of the wing-nervures proves it to be a different species.
4. O. EMARGINALUS [EMARGINATUS].—Black ; antennze fus- cous ; feet honey-yellow.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black, sericeous with short hair; head convex beneath the antenne, at the base of which the head is much more prom- inent than immediately above the antennz where the head is in- dented ; antenne short, above dark fuscous, beneath paler, first joint rather longer ; palpi white: thorax immaculate ; metathorax with four longitudinal slightly raised lines; wings hyaline with fnscous nervures and carpal spot ; larger central cellule obtuse or [77] rather truncated at tip, and emarginated by the curvature of the radial cellule ; smaller cellule with a small angle at tip, where it is widest, and gradually tapering to its opposite extremity with- out any curvature: feet honey-yellow, short, anterior coxee with
a whitish reflection; abdomen short, almost sensible, not compres- sed.*
ALYSIA Lair.
1. A. RIDIBUNDA.—Rufous ; head, wings and tip of the ter- gum, black.
Tnhabits Indiana.
Body yellowish-rufous; head black, a rufous spot each side of the mouth; antennz longer than the body; wings blackish ; central cellule large, longitudinal, acute before, nervure connect- ing with the carpal spot placed obviously behind the middle of the cellule ; feet black; tibie and tarsi more or less tinged with dull rufous; tergum depressed, near the tip a large black spot.
Length % nearly one-fifth of an inch.
2. A. PALLIPES.—Black ; feet, abdomen at base, and antennee at base, white.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black, polished ; antennze fuscous, first and second joints whitish ; mandibles piceous; wings hyaline, central cellule in length equal to double its greatest width; feet white; abdomen white at base.
Length one-twentieth of an inch.
MACLURIAN LYCEUM. 38]
BRACON Jur. Fabr. Latr.
1. B. EXHALANS.—Black ; abdomen sanguineous.
Inhabits Indiana.
Head black; palpi whitish ; antennz shorter than the [78] body - thorax black ; wings blackish, second cubital cellule longitudinal, quadrangular, acute at base, nervure connecting with the carpal spot placed obviously before the middle of the cellule ; feet black- ish ; abdomen sanguineous ; oviduct shorter than the body, black- ish ; metathorax simple pale reddish.
Length more than three-twentieths of an inch.
2. B. HonesToR.—Yellowish-rufous; wings blackish, with a whitish band and tip.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body rufous, slightly tinged with yellow; antennz rather long- er than the body; thorax somewhat bilobate, the posterior seg- ment being canaliculate ; wings dusky, with black nervures and tather large carpal spot; a narrow, transverse, whitish band be- yond the middle, and whitish tip ; posterior tibize dusky, whitish at base and at the terminal incisures; abdomen clavate, almost pedunculated ; oviduct longer than the abdomen.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
Second cubital cellule elongated.
3. B. tRuNcATOR.—Pale honey-yellow; vertex with a black spot.
Inhabits Indiana. .
Body pale honey-yellow, polished, impunctured ; antenne fus- cous, honey-yellow at base; stemmata in a black spot; palpi whitish towards the tip ; metathorax slightly punctured : abdomen much compressed, truncate.
Length nearly one one-fourth of an inch.
PERILAMPUS Latr. 1. P. rRIANGULARIS.—Green and blue; tarsi fyellow; wings dusky at tip. [79] Inhabits Indiana. Body polished; head green with a violaceous reflection, each side before vertically striate; occiput transversely and longitudi-
392 MACLURIAN LYCEUM.
nally striated, violaceous, the collar punctured, green; scutel much elongated, entire; wings dusky on the apical half; abdo- men very short, wide, triangular, very convex above and beneath ; anterior half violaceous, posterior half, green with a violaceous reflection ; tarsi yellow.
Length one-fifth of an inch.
2. P. HYALINUS.—Green; wings hyaline.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body green punctured ; scutel much elongated, slightly emar- ginated ; wings hyaline, immaculate; abdomen very short, wide, triangular, very convex above and beneath, violaceous; tarsi yel- lowish ; anterior tibize honey-yellow.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch.
Differs from the preceding in being destitute of the dusky wing tips and in having punctures instead of strie.
SPALANGIUS Latr.
S. porrrus.—Bluish-green ; tergum with a cupreous band at base.
Tnhabits Virginia.
Body bluish-green, varied with violaceous, densely punctured ; front grooved to receive the basal joint of the antennz ; flagellum fuscous ; wings hyaline, slightly dusky; scutel somewhat promi- nent; abdomen a little depressed ; first segment brilliant cupre- ous: incisures glabrous ; terminal segment longer than the others together, forming at tip a narrowed, carinated black [80] process for the reception of the tip of the oviduct beneath; feet dull honey-yellow.
Length 2 seven-twentieths of an inch.
I found this species on the sea beach of Senipuxent Island.
CODRUS Jur.
©. paLttipus.—Pale honey-yellow.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body pale honey-yellow; antennz, excepting the basal joint, fuscous ; stethidium, incisures black ; wings hyaline : stigma dis- tinct, pale brown.
Length nearly three-tenths of an inch.
MACLURIAN LYCEUM. 883
SERLION Latr.
8. TERMINALIS.—Antenne, terminal joint white ; wings uni- fasciate.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body somewhat piceous; head yellowish; antenne broken, blackish ; first joint nearly as long as the others together ; ter- minal joint dilated, compressed, subtriangular, white ; wings with a broad dusky band; intermediate tarsi white except at tip.
Length more than one-twentieth of an inch.
PSILUS Jur.
1. P. crnratus.—Black ; feet whitish; hairs of the wings elongated.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black, polished ; antenne with an oblong oval acute club, at base honey-yellow ; petiole of the abdomen and feet honey- yellow ; wings deeply ciliated, the hairs longer tnan the trans- verse diameter of the wings.
Length less than one-twentieth of an inch.
2. P. oprusus.—Black ; feet whitish, thighs black in the mid- dle.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black, polished ; antennz fuscous ; anterior wings white and very obtuse, finely ciliated; ciliae very short; feet whitish ; thighs black, white at base and tip; coxze black.
Length nearly one-twentieth of an inch.
PLATYGASTER Latr.
3. P. PALLIPES.—Body black ; antennze fuscous, moniliform ; basal joint honey-yellow; wings hyaline ; abdomen polished, much depressed ; widest near the tip and obtuse, eradually and rectilinearly a little narrowed to the base : feet whitish-yellow.
Length one-ihirtieth of an inch.
BETHYLUS Latr.
B. Armirervs.—Black ; tergum with elongated white hairs.
Tnhabits Indiana. Body entirely black, immaculate, with short hairs; head
384 MACLURIAN LYCEUM.
covered with discoidal punctures; tergum polished, with a few elongated, rigid, white hairs, as long as two of the segmentr taken together.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch. [81]
DRYINUS Latr. D. Birasciatus.—Yellowish; wings bifasciate. Inhabits Indiana. Body honey-yellow, varied with blackish; anterior thighs dilated ; wings with two fuscous bands, the apical one broader. Length rather more than one-fifth of an inch. [82 |
CHRYSIS Linn. Latr.
1. C. pActFIcA.—Green; anal segment mutic ; tarsi fuscous.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body green with a slight bluish tinge, with short hairs; an- tennee, five or six terminal joints fuscous; wings hyaline, a little brownish on the costal margin beyond the stigma; tergum more particularly tinged with bluish ; anal segment rounded, subtrun- cate, unarmed ; tarsi fuscous.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
2. C. CARINATA.—Bluish ; abdomen subtridentate.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body greenish blue varied with purplish ; front, from the an- tennee to the middle, with numerous whitish hairs; antenne fus- cous, green at base; metathorax, lateral tubercles acute ; middle termination subacute; tergum, anal segment carinate, the carina extending beyond the edge into an acute tooth; lateral angles acute ; tarsi fuscous.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
HEDYCRIUM Latr.
H. srnvuosum.—Reddish-coppery ; wings fuliginous at tip.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body reddish-coppery, polished, punctured ; front concave, greenish ; antenne fuscous, green at base; metathorax acute at posterior angles; wings beyond the middle fuliginous ; tergum blue-purple; terminal segment hardly as long as the penultimate, with a sinus at tip; beneath green ; tarsi fuscous.
Length about one-fifth of inch.
MACLURIAN LYCEUM. 385
TIPHIA Fabr. Latr.
T. TRANSVERSA.—Blue-black, somewhat hairy.
Inhabits Indiana.
Body black, with a slight bluish or purplish reflection ; with numerous whitish hairs ; immaculate, punctured ; antennz black, opaque ; mandibles piceous at tip; palpi fuscous; wings a little dusky, hyaline ; nervures black ; apical lines of the second eubi- tal cellule transverse, rectilinear ; metathorax each side striated, above with three slightly elevated longitudinal lines and a pos- terior transverse one; abdomen, first segment narrower than the second, somewhat gibbous above and flat beneath, the incisure indented ; remaining segment more hairy, ciliated; tibize and tarsi with silver hairs.
Length nearly half an inch.
25
386 ANNALS OF THE LYCEUM.
[From Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. Vol. L., part 2; 1825. Pp. 249—268.]
Descriptions of new American Species of the Genera BUPRESTIS, TRACHYS and ELATER.
Read January 17, 1825.
BUPRESTIS.
1. B. TRANSVERSA.—Cupreous or blackish; elytra with striz of punctures; a glabrous line between the eyes.
Desc. Body varying in color, from a dull cupreous to brown- ish black; head with large, confluent punctures, and a distinct elevated line extending transversely between the eyes: eyes dis- tant : thorax with large confluent punctures, [250] two elevated glabrous lines forming a groove between them: an elevated line on each side originating on the anterior edge, and becoming. ob- solete at the middle of its length ; a somewhat elevated, oblique line at the posterior angles ; elytra entire, rounded at tip with re- gular strize of punctures: beneath much punctured.
Length half an inch.
It is about the size of B. longipes nob. The sexes, of a very dark color, were sent me by Dr. J. F. Melsheimer, and I have a fe- male, taken several years since, which is of a decided coppery tint, though somewhat dull; the color, therefore, cannot be relied upon; but the lines of punctures on the elytra, the form of the thoracic lines, and the transverse frontal line, in conjunction with the entire elytra, are sufficiently characteristic.
[A Dicerca, previously described as B. punctulata Schinh.— Lec. ]
2. B. BIntNEATA.—Thorax each side, and line on each elytrum, fulvous.
Buprestis bilineata Melsh. Catal.
Desc. Body slender; above, black: head dull brassy, longi- tudinally indented, and with an oblique indentation each side on the front: thorax with a dull fulvous lateral margin; elytra rounded at tip, and minutely serrated ; indented at base ; on each is a slender, dull, fulvous line originating near the humerus, and
ANNALS OF THE LYCEUM. 387
extended towards the tip, where it gradually approaches the scu- tel; scutel transverse and transversely carinated; beneath dark- green, polished on the venter; edge of the postpectus and venter with a dull fulvous line.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
The quercata Fabr., is described to be green, with a fuscous vitta on the elytra, and a spot on the thorax; it therefore differs [251] from the present insect. The surface of the elytra ap- pears covered with minute imbricated points, which are more acute and obvious towards the tip.
[This and the three following belong so Agrilus ; B. quercata is totally different, being an Anthaxia.—LEc. ]
3. B. ancuata.—Dark bronze; elytra black; thorax with an elevated line at the posterior angles.
Desc. Body slender: head punctured, with a longitudinal in- dented line, and obsolete indentation each side on the front : thorax inequal, transversely confluently punctured ; an elevated, arcuated line, extends from the posterior angle almost to the middle of the lateral margin : scutel transverse and transversely carinated : elytra indented at base; at tip rounded and denticulated: be- neath dark greenish, polished, particularly on the venter.
Length three-tenths of an inch.
Of a similar form to the preceding species ; but it is altogether destitute of the marginal colored line of the thorax, and those of the elytra; the elevated line of the thoracic also angles distin- guishes it. The imbrication of the elytra is similar to the pre- ceding species. :
4. B. porrra.—Cupreous, polished ; thorax with an elevated line at the posterior angles.
Desc. Body slender, highly polished, cupreous: head tinged with green, punctured ; longitudinal indented line obsolete: an- tennz blackish: thorax a little inequal; transversely confluently punctured ; an elevated arcuated line extends from the posterior angles almost to the middle of the lateral margin: scutel trans- verse and transversely carinated: elytra indented at base ; at tip rounded and denticulated.
Length rather more than one-fifth of an inch. [252 ]
Found by Mr. Thomas Nuttall on the bank of the Mississippi river. In many of its characters it resembles the arcuata, but is
388 ANNALS OF THE LYCEUM.
much smaller, and the color is altogether different; the indenta- tion of the head also is hardly perceptible. It is rather larger than geminata nob., which, as I have ascertained, on close ex- amination, has the elytra denticulated at tip.
5. B. pustiiA.—Blackish-green ; front without any obvious impressed line.
Desc. Body slender: head tinged with bluish, with obsolete rather distant punctures; excepting on the vertex, where they are rather large and confluent; frontal impressed line obsolete : antennz black; thorax somewhat inequal ; transversely confluently punctured ; two slight, dilated indentations placed longitudinally on the disk, and a larger and more profound one on the lateral mar- gin; an elevated, arcuated line extends from the posterior angle, almost to the middle of the lateral margin: elytra indented at base, at tip rounded and minutely denticulated, the denticulations not extending on the sutural or lateral edge.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
This is so much smaller than either of the above species, as to be distinguished readily by that character, without resorting to any other. I detected it at the cantonment of Major Long’s party, on the Missouri.
TRACHYS.
1. T. ovata.—Ovate, black; head without an indented line ; elytra without regular punctures.
Desc. Body very short, ovate, black: head without the usua} dilated indentation, but a very slight indentation may be observed on close inspection, particularly on the [253] lower part of the front; slightly punctured: thorax equal, with the exception of a dilated indentation on each side, with distant punctures in which is a raised centre : scutel large, flat, impunctured, polished: elytra with wide, irregular, not deeply impressed punctures, without any appearance of a regular series; no appearance of elevated lines ; a profound excavation behind the humerus, with- out any sinus of the edge; humerus prominent.
Length rather more than one-tenth of an inch.
This is the smallest species I have met with, and of a shorter form.
[Afterwards, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., 6, 164, made the type
ANNALS OF THE LYCEUM. 389
of a new genus Metonius Say, which is identical with Pachyscelis ; 7. ovata Weber is a very different insect, belonging to Brachys.—
Lec.]
2. T. Gractiis.—Oblong blackish ; elytra with regular series of punctures.
Desc. Body rather slender, oblong, blackish-brassy: head a little concave, but not profoundly so: thorax inequal, with a slight impressed line before, and a wide indented space occupy- ing half the thorax behind; on each side is a raised, arcuated, obtuse line, extending nearly from one angle to the other : scutel moderate: elytra with regular series of rather large, profoundly impressed punctures, which are obsolete at tip.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
A comparatively slender species. I found it on a myrtle bush at Senipuxten island, in September. It exhibits an unusual regularity in its series of punctures.
[This is the type of Taphrocerus Sol.; but the name under which it was known to him is the synonym Brachys alboguttata Lap. and Gory.—LEc.]
ELATER.
1. E. anruptus.—Black, covered with minute hairs: junc- tion of the thorax and elytra deeply excavated.
Desc. Body black, polished, covered with minute punctures, which give rise to very short brown hairs which [ 254 ] in a par- ticular light have a somewhat sericeous appearance : serratures of the antenne and palpi dull rufous: thorax considerably convex, at the base abruptly curved downwards; the lateral spines are, however, horizontal: scutel convex, oval, making a considerable angle with the longitudinal diameter of the body; elytra with ob- solete impunctured strize, more distinct towards the margin and tip: base rather abruptly, very much decurved, so that, in con- junction with the form of the thoracic base, it exhibits a wide and deep excavation between the two parts of the body.
Length four-fifths of an inch. ;
Next in size to the morto and Levigatus Fabr., of all the North American species I have yet seen. The latter species I believe to be only a variety of the former ; it is equal in size, with the same form, impressed front, &c.; the only difference is, that one
390 ANNALS OF THE LYCEUM.
has the elytra obviously striated, and the other has those striz so far obsblete, that the elytra appear smooth to the eye. [Belongs to Ludius.—Lxc. ]
2. E. HEMIPODUS.—Black; thorax convex, rather gibbous ; thighs rufous.
Elater fuscipes Melsh. Catal.
Desc. Body black, with short hairs ; head with an obsolete, impressed, arcuated line on the front; antennze not serrated, black; basal joints dark piceous: thorax very convex, rather broadest in the middle, equally narrowed before and behind ; lateral edge regularly arcuated, a little contracted near the pos- terior angles; no appearance of an impressed line; the interval between the thorax and elytra deeply indented; scutel oval, truncated at base: elytra striated, minutely punctured, slightly tinged with brassy: thighs dark rufous. [255 |
Length eleven-twentieths of an inch.
This is a very different insect from the /uscipes Fabr.
[A species of Asaphes Kirby.—Lec.]
3. E. untcotor.—Blackish-brown ; antennz simple; thorax short, narrowed before, and with an impressed line behind.
Elater unicolor Melsh. Catal.
Desc. Body blackish-brown, with short cinereous hair: head a little concave just above the interval between the antenne and a longitudinal slightly impressed line: antenne not serrated, third joint considerably longer than the fourth: palpi pale rufous: thorax somewhat convex, narrowed anteriorly by an arcuated line, at the posterior angles very slightly excurved ; posterior declivity with an abbreviated impressed line, which does not reach the middle: scutel oval orbicular: elytra striate, stria without very distinct punctures, but on each side of them a row of minute punctures may be traced on the interstitial line which are a little rounded: thighs dull rufous.
Length rather more than half an inch.
[Belongs to Perothops ; does not differ from 7. mucidus below. —L«rc.]
4. KE. virip1s.—Blackish-cupreous ; venter in the middle, and feet rufous. later viridis Melsh. Catal.
ANNALS OF THE LYCEUM. 391
Desc. Body dark coppery, with short hairs: head with rather large, confluent punctures: antenne rufous, robust, much serrated : palpi rufous: thorax distinctly punctured; a very ob- vious, obtusely indented line extends from the base to the ante- rior margin, where it is obsolete; posterior angles prominent, extending a little outwards: scutel orbicular: elytra striate, the striz distinctly punctured : epipleura rufous : feet rufous : venter on the disk rufous. [ 256 |
Length rather less than three-fifths of an inch.
Very distinct, and readily recognized.
[If this is not identical with #. brevicornis infra p. 399, which is the female of Carymbites appressifrons, it cannot be referred to any species known to me.—LEc. ]
5. E. PARALLELUS.—Brown ; thorax with the anterior angles dilated, and as wide as at the posterior angles.
Elater angulatus Melsh. Catal.
Desc. Body reddish-brown, minutely punctured: antennz ru- fous, serrated : thorax longer than broad, rather widest at the an- terior angles, which are much wider than the head; an impressed longitudinal line obsolete on the anterior margin; lateral edge subrectilinear, scutel orbicular ; elytra with impressed, punctured strie.
Length three-fifths of an inch.
The name angulatus is pre-occupied.
[A Corymbites ; the specific name being preoccupied, was re- placed by sulcicollis, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 168.—Lrc. ]
6. E. Muscipus.—Pale brown; thorax very short; antennx rather robust, simple.
Elater muscidus Melsh. Catal.
Desc. Body pale brown, a little tinged with reddish, some- what densely covered with cinereous, short hair : head, transverse line between the antenne, not elevated in its middle: antenne very hairy, robust, and rather long, without any appearance of serrature : mouth ciliated above: thorax very short, a little trans- verse and convex, narrowed before to the width of the head, somewhat widest in the middle, a little contracted before the posterior spines, which are not elongated ; a longitudinal slightly impressed line from the base to the middle: scutel orbicular :
elytra with impunctured striz.
392 ANNALS OF THE LYCEUM.
Length more than three-fifths of an inch. [ 257 J
This species is more thickly covered with hair than usual. I am unacquainted with the griseus Beauv.: but if his figure is even a tolerable representation, our insect is very distinct, his description is too short and unessential to give any assist- ance.
[This is the type of Perothops ; it was previously described as EL. mucidus Schonh.—Le«c. ]
7. E. arrenuatus.—Reddish ; elytra lanceolate, black at tip.
Elater attenuatus Melsh. Catal.
Desc. Body brownish, sanguineous, with short hairs: head blackish, without any transverse elevated line: antennz deeply serrated, blackish rufous; third joint very short, not longer than the second ; thorax with an impressed abbreviated longitudinal line on the posterior margin ; anterior margin not wider than the head ; posterior spines rather long and acute: scutel oval: elytra with the strie obsolete, gradually attenuated to the tip, which is lanceolate, acute; region of the scutel deeply indented; tip black, occupying nearly one-third of the surface, and terminating anteriorly obliquely.
Length nearly four-fifths of an inch.
This species seems to be rare.
[Belongs to Ludius.—LEc. |
8. E. viriprprits.—Depressed, black, covered with short blackish-green hair.
Desc. Body dilated, somewhat depressed, black, with a green- ish tinge occasioned by short hair of that color: head concave, the transverse line between the antennez obtuse : antennze deeply serrated ; third joint very short, equal to the second: thorax depressed, longer than broad; sides rectilinear and parallel; an- terior angles acute, wider than the head; posterior angles not spiniform : scutel subtriangular: elytra with impressed, punc- tured strize. [ 258 ]
Length three-quarters of an inch.
The thorax is more than half the length of the elytra. Rare.
[Is a Chalcolepidius—Lxc. |
9. E. 1nrtatus.—Dark cupreous; short, robust ; feet rufous.
Elater metallicus Melsh. Catal.
Desc. Body short, very robust, dark cupreous with short cine-
ANNALS OF THE LYCEUM. 393
reous hair; head with the transverse line between the antenne obtuse, not prominent: antenne dark piceous, a little serrate, radix rufous: thorax elevated, convex, breadth equal to the length: a longitudinal impressed line obsolete on the anterior margin ; posterior spines moderate : scutel orbicular : elytra with impressed striae, which have small punctures : postpectus black- ish: feet pale rufous.
Length nine-twentieths of an inch.
Unusually short and thick. It is very different from obesus nob., by its much more robust form, by having an impressed thoracic line, and by its general color.
[Belongs to Corymbites—Lxc.]
10. E. ERosus.—Brownish-rufous; thorax with five indenta- tions.
Desc. Body entirely rufous, tinged with brownish, slightly hairy: head with an impressed longitudinal line: antennz not serrate, the joints short, terminal joint produced at tip and acute : thorax short, decidedly broader than long, lateral edge much ar- cuated, posterior angles short: base with an impressed line ex- tending to the middle, with an abbreviated impressed line on each side of it, not reaching the base; on each side of the middle is a slight indentation: scutel small, orbicular, convex: elytra rather deeply striated, striae with small punctures: beneath a little paler. [259 }
Length two-fifths of an inch.
Differs from /acunosus Fabr. in magnitude and color, as well as in the disposition of the thoracic indentations, which in that species are placed 2, 1, 2, whereas in the present species they are 2,3. I obtained it near the Rocky Mountains, whilst ex- ploring that country with Major Long’s party.
[This is Anelastes Druryi Kirby (1817): the impressions of the thorax excepting the dorsal line, are frequently wanting.— Lxc.]
11. E. virtpanvus.—Dull reddish-brown ; thorax with two in- dentations.
Elater viridanus Melsh. Catal.
Desc. Head with an obsolete indentation on the vertex: an- tenn serrate, second joint thicker but shorter than the third: thorax longer than broad, slightly and gradually narrowed be-
394. ANNALS OF THE LYCEUM.
fore ; two very distinct deeply indented punctures before the middle each side ; a longitudinal slightly indented line extends from the base to the middle; posterior angles prominent, acute, scutel oval; elytra with punctured, impressed striae: beneath paler rufous.
Length seven-twentieths of an inch.
The anterior indentations of the thorax are situated much farther forward than those of the evosus nob.
[ Belongs to Sericosomus.—LEc. |
12. E. rorunpiIcoLLis.—Thorax rufous, subquadrate, rounded.
Elater ruficollis Melsh. Catal.
Desc. Head blackish-piceous, irregularly punctured, transverse frontal line obtuse; thorax rufous, convex, quadrate ; anterior and posterior diameters equal, and equal to the longitudinal diameter; anterior angles obtusely rounded, much wider than the head; edge a little contracted before the posterior angles, which are a little [260] excurved and very acute ; scutel black- ish-piceous, subtriangular: elytra dusky brownish, with acute hardly punctured strie and convex interstitial lines: beneath rufo-piceous: tarsi pale.
Length rather more than seven-twentieths of an inch.
The thorax has a remarkably rounded appearance to the un- assisted eye. It is different from the rujficollis Fabr.
[Belongs to Corymbites.—Lk&c. ]
15. E Impresstcontiis.—Dull rufous; thorax with an im- pressed line and two indentations.
Hlater fuscus Melsh. Catal.
Desc. Body rather slender, dull rufous, punctured, with short curved hairs; head with a prominent, subacute, transverse, frontal line : antenne deeply serrated, the serratures paler : thorax longitudinal, rather slender, gradually a little narrowed before ; anterior angles not broader than the head ; edge contracted be- fore the posterior angles which are oblique and not much elon- gated; a longitudinal impressed line obsolete on the anterior margin, and two rounded indentations on the posterior submar- gin: scutel oblong: elytra with regular close set series of rather large, profound punctures.
Length more than seven-twentieths of an inch.
ANNALS OF THE LYCEUM. 395
Readily recognizable by the two indentations of the thorax. The name fuscus is pre-occupied. [Is an Adelocera.—Luc. ]
14. KH. stnacrus.—Slender, pale ochreous ; head and thorax tinged with rufous. Klater silaceous
Melsh. Catal. [261 |
Eater umbraticus
Desc. Body pale yellowish ochreous, with short hairs ; slender: head without any prominent transverse line: antenne not ser- rated, second and third joint equal and shorter than the succeed- ing ones, terminal joints not truncated, nor very acute: thorax slightly tinged with rufous; longer than broad; not decidedly narrowed before ; anterior angles not broader than the head; posterior angles a little excurved, rather long; a longitudinal obsolete, impressed line: scutel oblong, convex; elytra with punctured striz not very deeply impressed : venter yellow.
Length nearly three-twentieths of an inch.
A very common species. I have a variety of which the tho- rax and venter are almost black.
[A Sericosomus.—L«E¢. ]
15. E. rusricus.—Thorax bright rufous with a large black spot ; elytra paler. '
Eater rubricus Melsh. Catal.
Desc. Body oblong oval: head black, transverse line acute, but not very prominent: antenne piceous, robust, deeply serrated, second and third joint equal, much smaller than the following ones, which are triangular, excepting the terminal ones ; ultimate joints slightly truncated at tip : thorax as broad as long, regularly arcuated, and with the head forming a semi-oval ; highly polished, bright rufous with a very large black orbicular spot before, reaching beyond the middle: scutel oval, truncate at base: elytra pale brownish-rufous, with regularly punctured, impressed strize : postpectus and middle of the pectus, black: feet piceous.
Length nearly three-tenths of an inch.
[Belongs to Elater ; the specimen was immature, as the elytra are usually black.—L«c. ]
16. E. prnecrus.—Brownish-black ; thorax rufous, bilineate with black. [ 262 ] Elater trilineatus Melsh. Catal.
396 ANNALS OF THE LYCEUM.
Desc. Body short robust: head piceous-black, transverse line prominent, regularly rounded, acute; antennz hardly serrated, piceous, second and third joints sub-equal, the second joint rather longer ; thorax large, convex, rufous, with two longitudinal, di- lated blackish lines, which do not reach the base; posterior angles prominent, acute: scutel suborbicular; elytra brownish- black, with regularly punctured, impressed strize : venter piceous at tip: feet pale.
Length rather more than a quarter of an inch.
Var.a. A rufous dilated vitta extends from the humerus to- wards the tip of the elytra. :
Var. b. Vitta on the elytra, and beneath rufous, feet white.
Var. c. The thoracie vitta confluent, and reaching the base.
The specific name trilineatus is pre-occupied.
[Is Hlater auritus Herbst, and belongs to Monocrepidius—Lxo. |
17. E. querctnus.—Black ; front concave: feet pale.
Elater quercinus Melsh. Catal.
Desc. Body slender, black, with rather long hairs: head with the transverse line much elevated and emarginate in the middle : antenne rather robust, serrated, three basal joints rufous, second and third joints nearly equal: thorax longer than broad, hardly narrowed before; a very slightly impressed longitudinal line: anterior angles not wider than the head; posterior angles de- pressed, obtuse, piceous: scutel orbicular: elytra with slightly impressed, deeply punctured strie; feet pale yellowish, tinged with rufous. _
Length one-fifth of an inch.
[A common species of Limonius.—Luc.] [ 263]
18. E. pLeBEsus.—Black ; front concave; feet pale; elytra dark brown.
Elater plebejus Melsh. Catal.
Desc. Body rather slender, black, with rather short hair: head with the transverse line much elevated and emarginate in the middle: antenne hardly serrated, dark brown, three basal joints dull rufous, second and third subequal hardly shorter, but more slender than the succeeding ones: thorax convex, widest in the middle; anterior angles not wider than the head; an obso- lete obtuse indented line, obvious at base ; posterior angles rather obtuse piceous: anterior and lateral margins obscure piceous:
ANNALS OF THE LYCEUM. 397
scutel oval, truncated: elytra dark brown, obscure piceous at base; striee slightly impressed, acute, punctured : beneath piceous : postpectus and middle of the pectus blackish: feet pale. Length seven-twentieths of an inch. This species is very similar to the preceding, but its greatly superior magnitude puts their specific difference beyond a doubt. [Also a Limonius.—Lxc. ]
19. HK. RECTANGULARIS.—Fuscous ; robust; posterior angles of the thorax rectangular.
Desc. Body robust, very dark brown, almost blackish, with numerous, short, very robust whitish bristles; head with the hairs incurved ; transverse line acute: antenne not reaching more than half the length of the thorax, serrated, pale rufous, first joint fuscous, second and third joints subequal, terminal joint oval: palpi pale rufous: thorax subquadrate, rapidly nar- rowing before the middle; posterior angles not produced, but rectangular: elytra with regular series of large profound pune- tures: feet dull rufous. [ 264 }
Length two-fifths of an inch.
This remarkable species I found near the Rocky Mountains, during the journey of Major Long’s exploring party. It differs widely from any other species I have seen, by its general aspect, as well as by its short antenne, (which were completely con- cealed in the lateral fissures of the pectus,) and the rectangular posterior thoracic angles.
[Belongs to Lacon, which I formerly did not consider suffi- ciently distinct from Ade/ocera to be received as a genus.—Lee. |
20. BE. cucutnatus.—Thorax rather long; frontal line re- markably elevated, and concave above.
Desc. Body reddish-brown, with very short hairs: head with the frontal transverse line very much elevated and prominent, lanciform, obtusely rounded and concave on its superior surface : antenne rather long, slender, not serrated, second joint not much shorter than the third: thorax longer than broad, rather slender, with a longitudinai impressed line; a little narrowed behind the anterior angles, and before the posterior ones, the latter not very prominent, obtuse: elytra indented at the base of each, with im-
398 ANNALS OF THE LYCEUM.
pressed punctured strie, the punctures of the interstitial lines rather large.
Length nine-twentieths of an inch.
The peculiar form of the transverse line of the front, renders this species easy of recognition. I found it on an oak tree in June. In form it has considerable resemblance to /. pyrros Herbst, but is very different by many other characters.
[Belongs to Pedetes Kirby, which is composed of species of Athous, and have lobed tarsi.—L«c. ]
21. E. gemtnatus.—Black : elytra with ‘an oval rufous spot before the middle of each. [ 265 |
Elater bimaculatus Melsh. Catal.
Desc. Body deep black, polished, with numerous hairs ; oblong- oval: head with the transverse line acute, but not prominent: antenn, basal joint pale rufous : thorax widest at base, gradually narrowed by an arcuated line to the anterior angles which are not wider than the head; no impressed line ; posterior angles not prominent : elytra with irregular punctures, destitute of impressed strie; a large, oblique, oval, bright rufous spot a little before the middle of each, hardly reaching the suture or the exterior edge: feet piceous.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch.
This pretty little species seems to be allied to the bimaculatus of Europe, but the elytra are not striated, as those of that spe- cies are.
[Belongs to Lissomus.—LEc. ]
22. E. NIMBATUS.—Pale brownish ochreous; elytra striate ; venter dusky.
Elater nimbatus Melsh. Catal.
Desc. Body rather slender, of a pale color, with somewhat long hairs: head with the transverse line elevated, acute: antenne somewhat slender, not serrated; second and third joints short, equal: thorax tinged with dull rufous, not longer than broad, with an impressed longitudinal line; posterior angles acute, a little excurved at tip: scutel orbicular: elytra paler than the thorax, without any rufous tinge: with impressed punctured strie: beneath pale rufous: venter dusky.
Length more than three-twentieths of an inch.
[I have failed to identify this species.—LEc. ]
ANNALS OF THE LYCEUM. | ayy
23. E. BREVICQRNIS.—Antennee very short; thorax blackish, anterior and posterior margins piceous. [ 266 |
Desc. Head hairy: vertex obtusely indented; transverse line of the front slightly elevated : antennz not reaching beyond. two- thirds the length of the thorax ; piceous; joint subcordate, ser- rated second joint much shorter than the third: thorax rather convex, blackish, slightly tinged with very dark purple-coppery, anterior and posterior margins obsoletely piceous; lateral edges parallel, curving inwards before the middle ; posterior angles ex- curved ; a longitudinal, obtuse, slightly impressed line obsolete before the middle: scutel ovate orbicular, hairy: elytra dark brownish, very slightly metallic, lateral margin and suture paler ; with impressed, punctured strie: beneath blackish: feet dull rufous: pectus dull rufous on the anterior margin: venter with the margin, and edges of the segments dull rufous.
Length three-fifths of an inch.
The antennee are shorter than those of any other species I have seen, with the exception of the rectangularis nob., for which, however, it cannot be mistaken.
[This isthe female of Corymbites appressifrons.—LEC. ]
24. E. ctypeatus.—Black ; antenne and feet rufous ; clypeus extending down to the mouth.
Desc. Body slender, deep black, punctured: head with a shal- low rounded indentation on the front : clypeus narrowed between the antenne, thence dilated and extending down to the mouth: antenne serrate, bright rufous, joints short, second about one- third as long as the third joint : thorax widest at the base, poste- rior angles excurved, and towards their tips incurved: scutel rather large; elytra with impressed, punctured stri#; second, third, and fourth striz confluent behind the middle: feet dull rufous.
Length less than one-fifth of an inch. [ 267 |
This may be mistaken for the quercinus nob.; but an inspection of the form of the head and its parts will show that it is very distinct. The form of the clypeus is somewhat unusual ; instead of terminating in an elevated line between the antennx, or but little before them, it is very much narrowed in that part, and as it descends towards the mouth, it dilates very much.
[Belongs to Eucnemis.—LEC. ]
400 _ ANNALS OF THE LYCEUM.
25. E. 1nsiprens.—Bright reddish-brown; transverse fronta line much eleyated, rounded.
Desc. Body rather slender, bright reddish-brown, polished : head with the transverse line prominent, regularly rounded, the edge acute ; antenne a little serrate, second and third joints sub- equal: thorax with an obsolete impressed line at base: elytra with impressed punctured strize.
Length more than one-fifth of an inch.
[A species of Cratonychus—LEC. ]
26. H. APPRESSIFRONS.—Obsoletely metallic ; transverse fron- tal line not prominent.
Desc. Body rather slender, dark brownish, witha slight brassy tinge ; hairs recurved, not prominent: head with the frontal line or tip of the clypeus not elevated, but decurved between the an- tenn: antennz rather robust, serrate; second joint much shorter than the third, which is of the same form, and nearly of the same size as the fourth ; terminal joint abruptly contracted near the tip; thorax with an impressed longitudinal line obsolete before: elytra with acute, punctured striae, suture exterior mar- gin somewhat paler: feet piceous: abdomen margined with dull rufous.
Length two-fifths of an inch.
Rather common. It closely resembles cylindriformis nob. : but that insect is somewhat larger, with a prominent, emargined [ 268] frontal line, the third joint of the antennz is cylindrical, altogether different in form from the fourth, and the ultimate joint is not abruptly contracted near the tip; in these and many other characters it obviously differs from the present species. In some specimens the anterior margin of the thorax is obscurely piceous.
[ Belongs to Corymbites.—LEc. |
27. E. coriaris.—Black ; thorax rufous; frontal line not re- flected ; second and third joinis of the antennze subequal.
Elater collaris Melsh. Catal.
Desc. Head black, the frontal transverse line or tip of the cly- peus not in the slightest degree reflected, but considerably ele- vated above the surface of the nasus : antenne serrate, second and third joints subequal and nearly alike in form; thorax bright rufous, posterior spines acute: scutel black, orbicular: elytra
ANNALS OF THE LYCEUM. 401
black, with impressed, punctured striz: pectus each side bright rufous. :
Length rather less than seven-twentieths of an inch.
Herbst considers this as a variety of the thoracicus Fabr., to which indeed it is very similar, but that species differs in having the tip of the clypeus, or the transverse frontal line, reflected, and the third joint of the antennee much longer and more dilated than the second. Our species is also very similar to the vert/- cinus Beauvois, but the latter is greatly larger, the head is either partially or entirely rufous, and the third joint of the antenne is much longer than the second; it has been called rubricollis by Herbst, but Beauvois’ name has the priority.
[Belongs to later ; Beauvois never described the species.—
LEc.]
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
Page 29, line 8 from bottom, for polyturator read polycerator.
33, after description of Blaps hispilabris, add : [Does not seem distinct from B. obscura.—LKC¢. }
35, after ZUGERIA add Prare XIX.
191, at bottom add: ae [Differs from Lytta anea Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Se. 3, 301, and is described by me as L. Sayi, Proc. Acad. 6, 336.—LEC. ]
263, line 5, for copLARIS read COLLARIS. 270, line 17, for hilaria read hilaris.
285, after C. ancuna add: [Belongs to Conotrachelus.—Lxc. ]
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INDEX TO VOL. I.
Acenitus stigmapterus Acalles clavatus Acanthia confluens hirta humilis ligata lugubris Acrydium laterale ornatum Adelocera impressicollis Adoxus vitis figeria exitiosa Omphale figialia ? clypeata thus bilineatus Agraphus bellicus leucopheus Agrilus arcuatus bilineatus polita pusilla Allantus bifasciatus externus pallipes ventralis Alophus alternatus Altica exapta ocreata teniata Alysia pallipes ridibunda Ampulex canaliculata Analcis zreus Anelastes Druryi Aneurus politus Anisomorpha buprestoides Anisoscelis albicinctus corculus declivis nasulus oppositus
Se eceianeemenndtiedi tii ie
Ancylochira confluens fasciata
maculativentris
rufipes
| Anomalon flavicornis
humerale mellipes sexlineata Anopheles 4-maculatus punctipennis Anthicus bicolor monodon murinipennis Anthocomus otiosus Anthonomus calceatus
erythropterus
musculus 4-gibbus signatus Anthrax aleyon costata fascipennis fulvianus tegminipennis Anthribus brevicornis cornutus coronatus collaris Aphodius clypeatus hamatus Aphrastus teniatus Apiomerus linitaris Apion rostrum Sayi segnipes Aracanthus pallidus Aradus acutus requalis crenatus emarginatus granulatus lobatus
404
Aradus ornatus rectus similis Argynnis Diana Arhopalus speciosus Arthromacra donacioides Asaphes hemipodus Ascalaphus 4-maculatus Asilus abdominalis Astata bicolor unicolor Astemma mavortia Ataxia sordida Ateuchus humectus Attelabus ovatus pubescens Rhois Aulacus fasciatus
Bacteria Sayi Bacunculus Sayt Betis alba alternata bilineata femorata Bagous ereus mammillatus simplex Balaninus constrictus nasicus nasutus proboscideus rectus rostratus Baridius acutipennis interstitialis nigrinus penicellus picumnus scolopax striatus transversus trinotatus undulatus Barynotus erinaceus granulatns rigidus Belostoma americanum annulipes Boscii dilatata fluminea grandis grisea Bembex monodonta _Beris dorsalis viridis
INDEX.
352 | Berytus
352 muticus
351 spinosus 33 | Bethylus armiferus 33 rufipes
118 | Bibio thoracica
ISL 390 204 255 166 228 337 301 301 264 263 263 373
198 198 204 203 203 id 297 297 297 294
279 |
279 279 279 279 295 295 295 281 281 295 281 282 280 281 272 273 272 365 365 365 366 364 365 365 226 257 251
Bittacus stigmaterus Blaps acuta hispilabris obscura suturalis Boletophagus ‘ cornutus corticola Brachycerus humeralis Brachys alboguttata ovata Brachystylus acutus Bracon exhalans honestor ligator populator stigmator tibiator truncator Bromius vitis Bruchus mimus musculus obsoletus obtectus oculatus 4-maculatus transversus triangularis Buprestis arcuata bilineata campestris confluenta fasciata maculativentris rufipes polita pusilla punctulata 6-notata substrigosa thureura transversa
Calandra compressirostra cribraria 5-punctata 13-punctata Callidium ruricola Callopistus auricephalus
Calopteron reticulatum terminale sanguinipenne
Camptorhinus tubulatus
Canthon humectus
Capsus bractatus
chlorionis circumeinctus colon confluens dislocatus fusiformis geminus goniphorus imbecilis insignis insitivus invitus irroratus medius mimus nubilus oblineatus ochreatus 4-vittatus rapidus scrupeus stygicus submarginatus succinctus tenuicornis vitripennis
Carabus elevatus
Cecidomyia ornata
Centrinus penicellus picumnus scutellum album
Cephus abbreviatus
trimaculatus
Cerambyx scutellatus
Ceratopogon fasciata
Cerceris bidentata
frontata deserta
Cercopeus chrysorheus
Cercopis parallela
Ceropales bipunctata
fasciata ferruginea Ceutorhynchus acephalus cretura curtus inzequalis 4-spinosus triangularis Chalcis microgaster ovata
Chaleolepidius viridipilis
INDEX. 405 45 | Chalcophora campestris 61 45 | Chariesterus antennator 323 46 mestus 323
285 | Chauliodes serricornis 206
301 | Chlorophanus acutus 266
348 | Chrysis carinata 384
346 pacifica 384
343 Chrysomela decipiens 372
346 sealaris 372
343 | Chrysopila fasciata 28
.339 ornata 27
344 | Cicindela 34
344 albilabris 176
341 10-notata 34
345 formosa 35
342 longilabris 176
340 terricola 176
345 | Cimex albipes 322
346 punctipes 322,
341 purcis 358
338 | Cionus scrophularie 287
341 | Cistela binotata 189
340 sericea 189
338 | Cleonus trivittatus 270, 288
339 | Cleogonus sedentarius 298
339 | Cleon posticata 172
342 | Clytus 117
344 caprea 120
344 elevatus 120
338 gibbicollis 120
347 hamatus 118
345 Hayi 118
103 ruricola ag,
242 speciosus 118, 193
281 undulatus 119, 193
281 | Coccinella bitriangularis 197
287 labiculata 192
209 mali 192
209 multiguttata 197
192 | Codrus pallidus 382 80 | Coeliodes acephalus 285
168 curtus 298
167 | Coelioxys 8-dentata 239
232 | Coenomyia 42
274 pallida 251
202 | Colaspis flavida 196
225 infuscata 372
224 4-notata 372
225 | Collops bipunctatus 107
285 nigriceps 108
285 tricolor 107
298 vittatus 108
286 | Conotrachelus anaglypticus 283
285 cribricollis 296
286 elegans 284
219 posticatus 285
219 retentus 295
392 | Copturus quercus 287
406
Coreus antennator confiuens diffusus Corixia abdominalis calva mercenaria Corymbetes appressifrons
91, 399,
inflatus rotundicollis sulcicollis Corymelena nitiduloides Cossonus corticola multiforus platalea Crabro 10-maculatus seutellatus 6-maculatus tibialis trifasciatus Cratonychus insipiens Cryptocephalus bivittatus ealidus confiuentus ornatus othonus viduatus Cryptorhynchus anaglypticus argula bisignatus eribricollis elegans ferratus foveolatus lineaticollis
oblique fascia-
tus obliquus oculatus operculatus palmacollis parochus posticatus retentus tubulatus umbrosus Culex punctipennis Curculio anaglypticus
acutus
auricephalus
corticalis
corticola
cretura
Daviesiz
elegans
hilaris
lacena
INDEX. 323 | Curculio myrmex 325 nenuphar 325 nephele 366 nigrinus 366 noveeboracensis 367 nucum olyra 400 pensylvanicus 393 punctatulus 394 4-gibbus 391 quercus 311 13-punctatus 291 trinotatus 298 varians 292 | Cychrus 167 bilobus 230 elevatus 230 | stenostomus 230 unicolor 231 viduus 400 | Cyclapus bractatus 63 tenuicornis 65 | Cyclomus sulcirostris 64 vittatus 64 | Cydnus bilineatus 63 ligatus 66 65 | Danaus 282 Plexippus 285 | Dasypogon AHacus 284 | Deracanthus? pallidus 296 | Dermestes nubilus 283 | Diapheromerus Sayii 296 | Diczlus 284 dilatatus 295 sculptilis splendidus 284 violaceus
296 | Dicerca punctulata 287 | Dictyopterus perfacetus
287 substriatus 295 | Dilophus orbatus 285 stygius
285 | Diopsis brevicornis 295 | Dirceea 4-maculata
285 tibialis 296 | Dolerus arvensis 241 collaris 282 inornatus 266 | sericeus
268 | Dorcatoma oculata 292 | Dryinus bifasciatus 291 | Dryophthorus corticalis 285 | Dynastes Tityus
279 | Dytiscus carolinus
283 fasciventris
269 | Ectrychotes bicolor
Edessa bifida
Elater abruptus
INDEX.
304 cruciata ole lateralis 312
389
angulatus 391 appressifrons 400, 391, 399
|
Epitragus canaliculatus Erirhinus constrictus ephippiatus mucidus rufus Erodiscus myrmecodes Eucnemis clypeatus Eugnamptus angustatus | Eumenes anormis fraterna verticalis Eumolpus cochlearius flavidus Eustrophus bifasciatus Evania unicolor
Falciger acephalus Foenus tarsatorius
Galleruca decora Gerris canaliculatus marginatus remigis Gonocerus antennator dubius Gorytes bipunctatus Graphorhinus operculatus vadosus Gryllus formosus hirtipes trifasciatus
attenuatus 392 auritus 396 | bimaculatus 398 | brevicornis 399, 391 clypeatus 399 collaris 400 cucullatus 397 | dilectus 395 | erosus 393 Juscus 394 geminatus 398 hemipodus 390 impressicollis 394 inflatus 392 insipiens 400. metallicus 392 mucidus 392 muscidus 391 nimbatus 398 parallelus 391 plebejus 396 quercinus 396, rectangularis 397 | rotundicollis 394 | rubricus 395 | ruficollis 394 | silaceus 395 | sulcicollis 391 | trilineatus 395 | umbraticus 395 | unicolor 390 viridanus 393 | viridipilis 392 | viridis 390 Eledona cornuta 115 | Eleodes acuta aL hispilabris 32 | obscura 32 suturalis 30 Ehnis crenatus 181 Enoplium 88 damicorne 90 marginatum 89 onustum 89 pilosum 89 4-punctatum 90 mealua lunatus 240 4-fasciatus 169 scutellaris 240 | Ephemera cupida 172 Epicerus imbricatus 271 vadosus 267
Hadromerus hilaris Halys laticornis Hammatocerus purcis Hedychrum dimidiatum sinuosum ventrale Helichus fastigiatus Helops arctatus venustus Hemerobius irroratus nebulosus vittatus Hemerodromia superstitiosa Heteromyia fasciata Hippodamia bitriangularis Hipparchia Andromacha semidea Hispa marginata quadrata vittata Hydrometra lineata Hydrobius globosus Hydrophilus cinctus
192
’
408
Hydrophilus globosus labiatus nebulosus
Hydroporus punctatus
Hylobius pales
Hylotoma dulciaria
Hypsonotus alternatus imbricatus
Ibalia anceps
Ichneumon brevicinctor bifasciatus centrator concinnus devinctor hilaris inquisitor malacus morulus otiosus parata pectoralis polycerator pterelas residuus vinctus
Ithycerus curculionoides
Laccophilus punctatus Lacon rectangularis Lemosaccus plagiatus Lagria zenea Lamia crypta Languria bicolor Latreillei Mozardi puncticollis trifasciata Laphria dorsata fiavicollis fulvicauda posticata pyrrhacra sericea Larra abdominalis tarsata Lasioptera ventralis Leia ventralis Leptis albicornis fasciata ornata vertebrata Lepyrus geminatus Leucospis affinis
INDEX. 182 | Limenitis 183 Arthemis * 183 | Limnobia annulata 178 argus 273 imperialis 210 | Limonius plebejus 271 quercinus 271 | Liparus imbricatus sulcirostris 218 tesselatus 46 vittatus 49 | Lissomus geminatus 377 | Listroderes caudatus 49 lineatulus 374 porcellus 48 sparsus 376 squamiger 375 | Lithodus humeralis 376 | Lixus concavus 377 lateralis 374 marginatus 373 musculus 376 prepotens 29 trivittatus 376 | Lophyrus abdominalis 377 Ludius abruptus 375 attenuatus 266 | Lycus perfacetus 178 reticulatus 396 sanguinipennis 265 terminalis 191 | Lygeus bistriangularis 302 disconotus 84 fallicus 84 facetus 84 geminatus 84 leucopterus 85 numenius 85 reclivatus 11 sandarachatus 13 scolopax 255 | Lygerus 12 | Lytta 255 zenea 12 albida 12 maculata 165 Nuttalli 166 Sayi 242 sphericollis 247 | Madarus undulatus 26 | Magdalinus armicollis 27 barbitus 28 olyra 26 pallidus 27 pandura 273 | Malachius 220 bipunctatus
Malachius nigriceps otiosus tricolor vittatus
Mantispa
brunnea interrupta
Megachile emarginata
interrupta jugatoria latimanus
Melandrya labiata striata
Melita
myrina
Membracis diceros concava trilineata binotata latipes
Metonius ovatus
Milesia hematodes
Miris dorsalis
vagans
Mixtemyia 4-fasciata
Molorchus affinis bimaculatus marginalis
Monocrepidius auritus
Monedula 4-fasciata
ventralis
Monohammus scutellatus
Mononychus vulpeculus
Mutilla 4-guttata
Mycetochares binotata
Mycetophila maculipennis
sericea
Mymeleon abdominalis
Myodocha opetilata
Myrmosa unicolor
Myzia 15-punctata
Nabis novenarius purcis Naucoris profunda stygica Nematus ventralis Nemognatha immaculata Nerthra stygica Neuromus maculatue Nezara pensylvanica Noctua xylina Nomada bisignata Nomia ? heteropoda Nosodendron unicolor Notonecta undulata Notoxus bicolor
54,
INDEX.
108 109
Notoxus monodon Nymphalis Arthemis Nysson 5-spinosus
Odontomyia vertebrata Odontopus calceatus Odynerus annulatus crypticus Opatrum bifurcum cornutum Ophion analis bilineatus emarginatus emarginalus geminatus Ophryastes sulcirostris vittatus Orchestes ephippiatus pallicornis Orthopleura damicornis Osmylus validus Otidocephalus myrmecodes Oxybelus 4-notatus
Pachycoris chrysorhceus Pachybrachys litigiosus viduatus othonus Pachyrhynchus Schénherri Palingenia bilineata limbata Pamera bilobata constricta contracta dorsalis fallax fera nodosa una vincta Pandeleteius hilaris Pangonia incisuralis Panscopus erinaceus Panurgus 8-maculatus Paragus 4-fasciatus Papilio Alcidamas Archippus Astinous Diana myrina Nicippe Philenor Plexippus
Turnus °
Parnus fastigiatus Pedetes cucullatus
410
Pelecinus polycerator Pemphredon concolor inornatus Pentatoma abrupta zequalis augur bifida bioculata calceata calva cynica Delia dimidiata emarginata gamma hilaris inserta laticornis ligata lugens nervosa rufocinctum rugulosa saucia semivittata, senilis serva tenebrosa tristigma undata Perilampus hyalinus triangularis Peritelus bellicus chrysorhceus Perla bilineata dorsata imbecilla immarginata Perothops mucidus Petaiochirus biguttatus cruciatus Phenithon ? brevicornis Phaleria picipes testacea Philanthus canaliculatus politus punctatus vertilabris zonatus Philhydrus cinctus nebulosus Phryganea . dossuaria interrupta lateralis numerosa
INDEX. 29 | Phryganea radiata 29 semifasciata 229 sericea 229 subfasciata 317 | viridiventris 319 | Phyxelis rigidus 313 | Phytononus comptus 303, 322 trivittatus 322 | Phytobius cretura 320 | Pieris 318 Nicippe 312 | Pirates mutillarius 320 | Pissodes macellus 318 nemorensis 313 strobi 322 | Platygaster pallipes 304, 316 | Platyomus auriceps 317 | Platyura fascipennis 315 | Plochiomera nodosa 315 | Ploiaria 322 brevipennis S32 errabunda 315 fraterna 319 maculata 318 | Peecilonota thureura 322 | Poecilus fraternus 316 lucublandus 314 | Polystcechotes punctatus 304, 322 sticticus 314 | Pompilus 319 fascipennis 382 | formosus 381 | marginatus 274 | terminatus 274 | unifasciatus 175 | Prionomerus carbonarius 174 | Proctotrupes caudatus 175 | Pseudomus sedentarius 174 | Psilus brevicornis 392 ciliatus 307, 358 obtusus 358 | Psychoda alternata 262 | Pterochilus 5-fasciatus 185 | Pterocolus ovatus 185 Ptychoptera 4-fasciata 109 | Prionotus novenarius 111, 167 | 113, 232 | Reduvius 231 acuminatus 112 biceps 111, 167 crassipes 182 ditadema 183 insidiosus 95 linitaris 97 musculus 98 novenarius 171 pectoralis 170 raptatorius
91,
Reduvius spissipes ventralis Rhaphigaster sarpinus Rhinaria Schénherri Rhinuchus declivis nasulus Rhynchenus argula armicollis caudatus cerast constrictus lineaticollis proboscideus strobi undulatus @neus eratus angustatus collaris hirtus nigripes rubricollig ruficollis
Rhynchites
305, 305,
279,
192,
Rhynchophorus cicaticosus compressirostris 291
immunis inzequalis
interstitialis
pertinax placidus prepotens rectus
13-punctatus
truncatus venatus Rhyncolus latinasus Rhyssematus lineaticollis palmicollis
Salda bullata picea uliginosa Saperda vestita Sapyga subulata Sargus decorus dorsalis Sceeva polita Scaphinotus elevatus Scarabeeus Hercules minor marianus Tityus Scatopse atrata Sciara atrata exiga dimidiata fraterna
279, 279,
INDEX.
290 291 288 288 290 287
290 |
18 288 289 299 295 295
336 336 | 337 193 164 | 257 257 | 24 102 103 7 8 8 8 | 250 | 249 | 249 | 308 | 249!
| Sciara polita
Sciopbila bifasciata hirticollis littoralis obliqua pallipes
Scirtes tibialis
Scolia
confluens 8-maculata tricincta
| Scutellera eneifrons
binotata Viridipunctata Scydmznus brevicornis clavipes Sehirus albonotatus
3| Semblis punctata
Sericosomus viridanus silaceus Serlion terminalis Serropalpus canaliculatus 4-maculatus Sialis bilineata dorsata imbecilla immarginata Sirex Columba pensylvanica Sigalphus basilaris sericeus Sitona indifferens scissifrons Smerinthus geminatus Spalangius politus Spectrum bivittatum femoratum Spheerophoria cylindrica Spheeroderus bilobus stenostomus Sphenophorus Sphex habena Sphyracephala brevicornis Statyra znea Stenosoma crypta Stenotrachelus arctatus obscurus Stenopogon Macus Stenelmis crenatus Stephanus rufipes Stigmus fraternus Stizus grandis unicinctus
18,
412 INDEX.
Strophosomus tesselatus 268 Syritta pipiens 16 Syromastes fraterculus 324 obliquus 324
reflexulus 323
Syrphus 22 cylindricus 22 obscurus 23
obliquus 23
politus 24 Tanymecus confertus 269 confusus 269
lacena 269 Taphrocerus alboguttatus 389 Tarpa scripta 209 Tenebrio reticulatus 184 Tenthredo basilaris 211 pygmea 213
rufipes 212
terminalis 213
verticalis 212
Tetyra 93
alternata 94 cinctipes 94 fimbriata 93, 311 marmorata 310 violacea 94 Tettigonia coagulata 307 Thamnophilus armicollis 265 barbitus 265
olyra 265
he pallidus 266 pandura 265
Phecestersis! humeralis 267 Thereva frontalis 252 Thylacites microps | 268 -* Semicrosus 268
tue ‘tesselatus 268 Phyreocoris’ “albipennis 311 : histeroides ~ ‘S11 Tingis arcuata ” 350
Tingis ciliata cinerea mutica plexus Tiphia inornata interrupta transversa Tipula maculatipennis Trachys gracilis ovata Tremex Columba obsoletus sericeus Trichocera scutellata Tropideres cornutus Tropidia quadrata Trox equalis canaliculatus Trypherus marginalis Tychius amoeenus aratus Tylodes clavatus Tylomus lineaticollis palmicollis
Xiphydria abdominalis tibialis Xyela ferruginea Xylota ejuncida heematodes quadrata
Zaitha bifoveata Boscti dilatata Stollei
Zelus bilobus
Zygops oculatus operculatus quercus
P 9690
74, "3,
279, 29!
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