COMPOSITAE &G * NEWSLETTER Number 15 December 1988 Scientific Editor: Mari Kallersj6 Technical Editor: R. B. Wendelheim Published and distributed by The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Phanerogamic Botany, P.O. Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. (Director: Prof. Bertil Nordenstam) ISSN 0284-8422 CONTENTS Editorial note 1 Requests for material 1 /R.K. Jansen, J. D. Palmer, H. J. Michaels: Investigations of chloroplast DNA variation in the Asteraceae 2 K. Bremer: A new corolla type from the Asteraceae-Arctotideae 49 \2 Jeffrey, C.: Recent references 17 ee ae os ret Oe ae i ; as DUTAINICLAL GAK Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 1 EDITORIAL NOTE We were very happy to find that there is still a demand for the Compositae Newsletter, and we thank our readers for their kind response. We hope that you will help to keep the Newsletter alive by sending us material for publication. Notices of all kinds and short manuscripts are very welcome. Our address is: Compositae Newsletter, Department of Phanerogamic Botany, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, P.O. Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. The next issue of Compositae Newsletter will appear in May, 1989. REQUESTS FOR MATERIAL Dr. Harald Ohle, Quedlinburger Strasse 41, Gatersleben, DDR - 4325, is working on Calendula. His particular interests are the C. suffruticosa-group from Algeria, Morocco, and the Iberian peninsula as well as the C. incana-group from Portugal and Spain. He would appreciate obtaining specimens and viable seeds for study. Furthermore, Dr. Ohle would like to get in touch with colleagues for an exchange of literature concerning the flora (and fauna) of the Mediterranean countries. Drs. Jansen, Palmer, and Michaels (cf. the first article in this issue of the News- letter) would appreciate receiving seed or living material from the groups discussed in their contribution. Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 INVESTIGATIONS OF CHLOROPLAST DNA VARIATION IN THE ASTERACEAE Robert K. Jansen 1, Jeffrey D. Palmer 2, and Helen J. Michaels 2 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Box U-42, Storrs, Connecticut 06268, U.S.A. 2 Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A. During the past 30 years, six very different schemes of phylogenetic rela- tionships among the subfamilies and tribes of Asteraceae have been proposed (Cronquist, 1955, 1977; Carlquist, 1976; Wagenitz, 1976; Jeffrey, 1978; Thorne, 1983; Bremer, 1987). Most of these recent classifications agree that two distinct subfamilies (Asteroideae and Cichorioideae) should be recognized; however, there is no consensus concerning the circumscription of the subfami- lies, the number of monophyletic tribes, and the relationship among the tribes. Two reasons account for the lack of agreement on intrafamilial relationships in the Asteraceae. First, previous studies have relied almost completely on mor- phological characters, which have undergone repeated parallel and convergent evolution. Second, only the most recent reassessment of relationships (Bremer, 1987) has applied cladistic approaches to phylogeny reconstruction, and even that study is limited by high levels of homoplasy and a lack of statistical testing of alternative trees. To provide new characters to aid in clarifying relationships in this complex family, we have been analyzing chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation within the Asteraceae and putatively related families. We have completed investigations using two approaches to the study of cpDNA evolution, the assessment of genome arrangement and comparative restriction site mapping, and recently initiated a comparative study of rbcL (large subunit of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase) sequences. Our studies have revealed two genome arrangements in the Asteraceae that differ by a single inversion (Jansen and Palmer, 1987a, b). Chloroplast DNAs from the subtribe Barnadesiinae (Mutisieae) are colinear with cpDNAs of most other land plants, including 10 families putatively related to the Asteraceae. All other Asteraceae examined (57 genera from 16 tribes) share a derived 22 kilo- base-pair (kb) inversion. This rearrangement defines a basal evolutionary dichotomy within the family and has two important phylogenetic implications. 4 Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 3 First, the Mutisieae are paraphyletic, as previously hypothesized on the basis of morphological evidence (Small, 1918; Wodehouse, 1928; Cabrera, 1977; Bremer, 1987). Second, the Barnadesiinae represent the sister group to the rest of the family, which resolves one of the most controversial systematic issues within the Asteraceae. Five different tribes - Cardueae, Heliantheae, Mutisieae, Senecioneae, and Vernonieae - have previously been suggested as the most primitive lineage (Cronquist, 1955, 1976, 1977; Carlquist, 1987; Wagenitz, 1976; Jeffrey, 1977). The identification of the earliest lineage provides indirect support for previous hypotheses concerning the place of origin of the Astera- ceae in the Andes of northern South America (Raven and Axelrod, 1974; Turner, 1977) and the primitively woody habit and bilabiate flowers of the ancestors of the family (Carlquist, 1976; Jeffrey, 1977). Our restriction mapping study has been carried out in two stages. We first examined taxa primarily from the tribe Mutisieae (Jansen and Palmer, 1988) and then studied representatives of the entire family (Palmer et al., 1988; R. Jansen, H. Michaels, and J. Palmer, unpublished). Initially, cpDNAs from 13 genera of the Mutisieae, one genus from each of three other tribes, and four ge- nera from two outgroup families were analyzed with 10 restriction enzymes. A total of 211 restriction site mutations were detected, 55 of which were phylo- genetically informative. Wagner (Farris, 1970) and Dollo (Le Quesne, 1974; DeBry and Slade, 1985) parsimony trees constructed with these data were very similar; only the Wagner tree is discussed here. The Wagner parsimony ana- lysis resulted in a single most parsimonious tree (Fig. 1, top) with 247 steps and 15% homoplasy. Four major phylogenetic relationships are depicted in this tree. The most significant is the initial dichotomy separating the subtribe Bar- nadesiinae (Mutisieae) from the rest of the Asteraceae, including the three other subtribes of the Mutisieae. This is the same dichotomy defined by the inversion described above. The robustness of this initial dichotomy has strong statistical support (98% confidence interval) by the bootstrap analysis of Felsenstein (1985). Furthermore, recent cladistic analysis (Bremer, 1987) based primarily on morphological data, but including the 22 kb inversion (Jansen and Palmer, 1987b), placed the Barnadesiinae at a basal position within the Asteraceae. Cladistic analyses of our preliminary rbcL sequence data (H. Michaels, R. Jan- sen, and J. Palmer, unpublished) indicate the same initial dichotomy in the Asteraceae (described below). Also in accord with the inversion result, the res- triction site data indicate the Mutisieae as paraphyletic, since three of its four subtribes are more closely related to the three other examined tribes of the Asteraceae than the subtribe Barnadesiinae. The molecular phylogeny (Fig. 1, top) also provides support for the monophyly of three of the four currently re- cognized subtribes of the Mutisieae (sensu Cabrera, 1977). Only the morpholo- gically diverse and geographically widespread subtribe Gochnatiinae is shown Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 to be paraphyletic, which is consistent with recent suggestions by Bremer (1987). To clarify further relationships within the Mutisieae, a more extensive analysis was performed in which 12 of the 16 genera of Asteraceae examined above were analyzed using 19 restriction enzymes (Jansen and Palmer, 1988). A total of 390 restriction site mutations were detected, 117 of which were phylogenetically informative. Wagner and Dollo parsimony analyses again gave similar results. The Wagner analysis (Fig. 1, bottom) resulted in a single most parsimonious tree of 454 steps and 14% homoplasy. The tree provides further support for the relationships indicated by the 10 enzyme tree (Fig. 1, top). This is reflected in the higher confidence intervals for a number of mono- phyletic groups, including all taxa which share the cpDNA inversion, the three subtribes of the Mutisieae with the inversion, and the subtribes Mutisiinae and Nassauviinae. The 19 enzyme tree also indicates that the subtribe Gochnatiinae is paraphyletic. Much broader phylogenetic comparisons were performed using 11 enzymes and 57 genera of the Asteraceae, representing all currently recognized tribes. A total of 926 restriction site mutations were mapped, 328 of which were phylogenetically informative. Wagner parsimony analyses using the glo- bal swapping option of PAUP (developed by D. Swofford) generated 12 equally parsimonious trees of 1 315 steps, all of which support the monophyly of the subfamily Asteroideae (sensu Thorne, 1983). Phylogenetic analysis of the data using the same options in PHYLIP (developed by J. Felsenstein) gave six equally parsimonious trees of 1316 steps, all of which support two mono- phyletic subfamilies (Asteroideae and Cichorioideae sensu Thome, 1983). A bootstrap analysis (Felsenstein, 1985) produced a majority rule consensus tree (Fig. 2) with 1318 steps and 30% homoplasy. Although this tree is three steps longer than the most parsimonious tree, it is presented here because it shows the groups that are best supported statistically. The most significant implications of the cpDNA phylogeny concern the circumscription of tribes and subfamilies and the phylogenetic relationships among the tribes. There is strong support for the monophyly of the subfamily Asteroideae, which includes the eight tribes Tageteae, Heliantheae, Eupato- rieae, Calenduleae, Senecioneae, Inuleae, Anthemideae, and Astereae. This group occurs in all most parsimonious trees generated by both PAUP and PHYLIP and has a high confidence interval of 86%. The remaining tribes do not form a monophyletic group, indicating that the Cichorioideae as circum- scribed by most recent workers (Carlquist, 1976; Wagenitz, 1976; Jeffrey, 1978; Thorne, 1983) may not be a strictly natural group. This conclusion is consistent with Bremer’s (1987) recent morphologically based cladistic study. The molecular phylogeny indicates that 11 of the 14 currently recognized tribes are monophyletic with the tribes Heliantheae, Mutisieae, and Tageteae being Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 5 paraphyletic. The cpDNA data (Fig. 3) reveal that the Liabeae and Vernonieae are a monophyletic group, which agrees with suggestions of their close affinity by Robinson (1977) and Bremer (1987). Relationships among the eight tribes in the subfamily Asteroideae are clearly resolved in some instances. The pre- viously recognized tribes Cotuleae and Ursinieae (sensu Jeffrey, 1978; Robin- son and Brettell, 1973) are very closely allied to the Anthemideae, which agrees with their placement in this tribe by Bremer and Humphries (in press). There is a strong affinity between the tribes Tageteae, Heliantheae, and Eupato- rieae. The very close relationship between the Eupatorieae and Heliantheae does not agree with Bremer’s (1987) placement of the former tribe close to the Astereae. Except for the relationship between the Calenduleae and Senecio- neae, there is little resolution of tribal affinities for the remaining members of the Asteroideae. Further phylogenetic analyses using Dollo parsimony and a careful reassessment of character homology are underway to resolve more fully the relatedness of these tribes. Our preliminary rbcL sequence data are very promising in terms of further resolving phylogenetic relationships of the Asteraceae. We have sequenced the entire gene (1431 basepairs) from eight species representing three putatively related families (Campanulaceae, Dipsacaceae, Valerianaceae) and four tribes of Asteraceae (Cichorieae, Heliantheae, Mutisieae, Senecio- neae). Two phylogenetic relationships are indicated in trees generated for the sequence data. Barnadesia forms the sister group of the rest of the Asteraceae, in agreement with the phylogenies based on the cpDNA inversion and restric- tion site mutations. Of the three related families examined, the Campanulaceae is most closely related to the Asteraceae. We have already cloned and are be- ginning to sequence the rbcL gene from 24 additional taxa from the Asteraceae and putatively related families. One of our labs (JDP) is expanding the compa- Tative sequencing study to include representatives from 45 families of the Aste- ridae. The other lab (RKJ) is performing restriction site mapping studies in the tribes Cichorieae, Heliantheae, Liabeae, Senecioneae, and Vernonieae. Both of these projects will require seed or living material of a diverse range of Astera- ceae and Asteridae families. If you have material available for any of these groups please contact us. 145 29 13 100% 10 100% 3 93% 1 2 64% fe) 67% 37% 2 11 50% 2 100% 69% 5 72% 1 48% 2 67% 2 54% 1 53% 3 56% 4 43% 4 26 36% 5 100% 65% 10 95% 4 69% 60 Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 Dipsacaceae Rubiaceae Barnadesia Chuquiragua Dasyphyllum Ainsliaea Gochnatia Stifftia Onoseris Gerbera Leibnitzia Mutisia Acourtia Perezia Trixis Heliantheae Cichorieae Cardueae Rubiaceae Barnadesia Dasyphyllum Ainsliaea Gochnatia Stifftia Onoseris Gerbera Leibnitzia Mutisia Acourtia Perezia Cichorieae | | | | | Barnadesiinae Gochnatiinae Mutisiinae Nassauviinae Barnadesiinae Gochnatiinae Mutisiinae Nassauviinae : i. Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 Gi Fig. 1. Wagner parsimony trees of genera in the Mutisicae and other Asteraceae. The numbers at each node and along each lineage indicate the number of site muta- tions. The percentages indicate the number of times that a monophyletic group occurred in 100 bootstrap samples (Felsenstein, 1985). The arrows indicate the occurrence of a 22 kb cpDNA inversion (Jansen and Palmer, 1987b). A single species was examined from each genus, which are as shown for the Mutisieae, and for the other taxa are: Dipsacaceae, Cephalaria and Dipsacus; Rubiaceae, Pentas and Psychotria; Heliantheae, Helianthus; Cichorieae, Lactuca; Cardueae, Carthamnus (Top). Single most parsimonious tree for 16 species of Asteraceae using 211 cpDNA restriction site mutations identified with 10 enzymes. The tree has 247 steps and 15% homoplasy, including 27 parallel losses, two paral- lel gains, five gains/losses, and two losses/gains. (Bottom) Single most parsi- monious tree for 12 species of Asteraceae using 390 cpDNA restriction site mutations. The tree has 454 steps and 14% homoplasy, including 41 parallel losses, six parallel gains, nine gains/losses, and eight losses/gains. 17 7 19 25 4 jie . 6 ae pede 5 10 3 16 10 3 : t 18 10 4 3 5 3 4 9 wack 8 19 a ul va 24 : 22 6 A 7 24 34 1 3 15 0 5 27 5 27 42 21 13 8 39 13 9 ; 10 14 7 215 31 31 10 39 17 39 24 10 16 22 11 14 24 Barnadesia Dasyphyllum Ainsliaea Stifftia Mutisia Gerbera Acourtia Perezia Centaurea Carthamnus Cirsium Silybum Echinops Lychnophora Piptocarpha Stokesia Vernonia Cacosmia Liabum Lactuca Sonchus Hieracium Tragopogon Arctotis Haplocarpha Gazania Felicia Erigeron Aster Bellis Solidago Cotula Ursinia Chrysanthemum Achillea Santolina Inula Gnaphalium Antennaria Blennosperma Euryops Senecio Cinnearia Dimorphotheca Osteospermum Calendula Chromolaena Liatris Eupatorium Perityle Geraea Helianthus Coreopsis Dahlia Pectis Tagetes Dyssodia 1 Barnadesiii' 7 Gochnatiinae Mutisiinae* 71 Nassauviinae Cardueae ] Vernonieae 1 Liabeae ] Cichorieae Arctotideae Astereae Inuleae Senecioneae Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 9 Fig. 2. Molecular phylogeny of the Asteraceae. Shown in the majority rule consensus tree of generated by the boot option of PHYLIP using 926 restriction site mu- tations. The numbers at each node and along each lineage indicate the number of site mutations. The tree has a total of 1318 ssteps and 30% homoplasy and rooted relative to the Barnadesiinae. Brackets show the current circumscription of the 13 tribes, while the four subtribes of the Mutisieae are indicated with asterisks. The arrow indicates the occurrence of a 22 kb cpDNA inversion (Jansen and Palmer, 1987b). Unpublished data of R. Jansen, H. Michaels, and J. Palmer. 10 Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 References Bremer, K. 1987. Tribal interrelationships of the Asteraceae. Cladistics 3:210- 2. Bremer, K. and C.J. Humphries. Generic monograph of the Anthemideae (Aste- raceae). Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) in press. Cabrera, A.L. 1977. Mutisieae - systematic review. Jn V.H. Heywood, J.B. Har- borne and B.L. Turner (eds.), The Biology and Chemistry of the Compo- sitae. Academic Press, London, pp. 1039-1966. Carlquist, S. 1976. Tribal interrelationships and phylogeny of the Asteraceae. Aliso 8: 465-492. Cronquist, A. 1955. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Compositae. Amer. Mid. Naturalist 53: 478-511.. Cronquist, A. 1977. The Compositae revisited. Brittonia 29: 137-153. DeBry, R.W. and N.A. Slade. 1985. Cladistic analysis of restriction endo- nuclease cleavage maps within a maximum-likelihood framework. Syst. Zool. 34: 21-34. Farris, J.S. 1970. Methods for computing Wagner trees. Syst. Zool. 19: 83-92. Felsenstein, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783-791. Jansen, R.K. and J.D. Palmer. 1987a. Chloroplast DNA from lettuce and Barna- desia (Asteraceae): structure, gene localization, and characterization of a large inversion. Curr. Genet. 11: 553-564. Jansen, R.K. and J.D. Palmer. 1987b. A chloroplast DNA inversion marks an ancient evolutionary split in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Proc. Natl. Acad. U.S.A. 84: 5818-5822. Jansen, R.K. and J.D. Palmer. 1988. Phylogenetic implications of chloroplast DNA restriction site variation in the Mutisieae (Asteraceae). Amer. J. Bot. 75: 751-764. Jeffrey, C. 1977. Corolla forms in the Compositae - some evolutionary and taxo- nomic speculations. Jn V.H. Heywood, J. Harborne, and B.L. Turner (eds.), The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. Academic Press, London, pp. 111-118. Jeffrey, C. 1978. Compositae. Jn V.H. Heywood (ed.), Flowering Plants of the World. Mayflower Books, New York, pp. 263-268. LeQuesne, W.J. 1974. The uniquely evolved character concept and its cladistic application. Syst. Zool. 18: 201-205. Palmer, J.D., R.K. Jansen, H.J. Michaels, M.W. Chase, and J.R. Manhart. 1988. Chloroplast DNA variation and plant phylogeny. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., in press. Raven, P.H. and D.I. Axelrod. 1974. Angiosperm biogeography and past conti- nental movements. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61: 539-673. PP eh a Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 11 Robinson, H. 1977. An analysis of the characters and relationships of the tribes Eupatorieae and Vernonieae (Asteraceae). Syst. Bot. 2: 199-208. Robinson, H. and R.D. Brettell. 1973. Tribal revisions in the Asteraceae. III. A new tribe, Liabeae. Phytologia 25: 104-107. Small, J. 1918. The origin and development of the Compositae. IV. The corolla. New Phytol. 17: 13-40. Thorne, R. 1983. Proposed new realignments in the angiosperms. Nord. J. Bot. 3: 85-117. Tumer, B.L. 1977. Fossil history and geography. Jn V.H. Heywood, J. Harborne and B.L. Turner (eds.), The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. Academic Press, London, pp. 21-39. Wagenitz, G. 1976. Systematics and phylogeny of the Compositae (Asteraceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 125:29-46. Wodehouse, R.P. 1928. Pollen grains in the identification and classification of plants. II. Barnadesia. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 55: 449-462. ? 22 Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 A NEW COROLLA TYPE FROM THE ASTERACEAE-ARCTOTIDEAE Kare Bremer Swedish Museum of Natural History S-104 05 Stockholm Sweden In Asteraceae the common type of peripheral florets with expanded limbs are called rays. Generally the limb is minutely 3-lobed apically and provided with four main veins, joined at the sinuses of the lobes, although this basic structure may be secondarily modified, for example by fusion or reduction of the apical lobes and by multiplication of the veins. In contrast to other tribes, the Lactuceae have ligulate florets with 5-lobed limbs and six main veins. They are often called ligules, in order to distinguish them from the rays. The Asteraceae are currently divided into two subfamilies, Asteroideae and Cichorioideae (Carlquist 1976, Wagenitz 1976). Rays are common in the tribes of the subfamily Asteroideae, for example in the Inuleae, Astereae, Sene- cioneae, Calenduleae, Anthemideae, and Heliantheae (they are absent in the dis- coid tribe Eupatorieae), whereas they are rare in the subfamily Cichorioideae: they are absent in the Cardueae, Lactuceae, and Vernonieae, very rare in the Mutisieae, and commonly present only in the small tribes Arctotideae and Liabeae. Carlquist (1976) placed the Arctotideae within the Cichorioideae and observed that the only character discordant with that placement "would be if the peripheral flowers of arctotid heads are ray flowers rather than ligulate-type flowers". He suggested that Arctotideae peripheral florets are ligules rather than rays and cited Hoffmann (1890), who had an illustration of the arctotid genus Didelta. The illustration (Fig. 1) shows peripheral florets with a varying number of apical lobes, five as in ligules but also four, or three as in rays. The artist cer- tainly did not perceive the significance of the lobe number and probably he did not count them very carefully. A capitulum of Didelta carnosa (= D. tomentosa) as illustrated in Hoffmann 1890 p. 310. Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 13 The subfamilial classification into Asteroideae and Cichorioideae is contrary to Cronquist’s (1955) perception of tribal interrelationships. In a paper following that of Carlquist (1976), Cronquist (1977) discussed the peripheral florets and the systematic position of the Arctotideae. Cronquist examined species of Didelta and he found the peripheral florets to be minutely 4-lobed, seldom only 3-lobed. In the arctotid genera Arctotis and Gazania Cronquist found the peri- pheral florets to be minutely 3-lobed or 2-lobed, or exceptionally 4-lobed. In contrast to Carlquist, Cronquist concluded that Arctotideae peripheral florets are rays rather than ligules and that the tribe forms "a link between the radiate and the discoid tribes", obscuring the distinction of the two subfamilies Asteroideae and Cichorioideae. However, Cronquist also noted that "the varia- tion in number of apical teeth on the rays in this small genus /Didelta/ is inte- resting and possibly significant". Didelta as well as Gazania and six other genera belong to the subtribe Gorte- riinae of the Arctotideae (Roessler 1959). Arctotis and four other genera belong to the subtribe Arctotidinae. Examination of Didelta, Gazania, and other Gorte- riinae genera shows that the peripheral florets are 4-lobed with five main veins (Fig. 2). Occasionally, for example in Gazania, the two middle lobes are smaller or reduced so that the limb appears to be 2-3-lobed. Additional veins are frequently present. In his revision of the Gorteriinae Roessler (1959) also clearly described the peripheral florets as generally 4-lobed. However, the importance of this obser- vation has apparently not been appreciated. Gorteriinae peripheral florets are neither 3-lobed rays nor 5-lobed ligules, they are 4-lobed and 5-veined "Gorte- riinae rays", not homologous with true rays or ligules. The type has hitherto not been described (cf. Jeffrey 1977). Arctotis and the other genera of the subtribe Arctotidinae do have true rays, 3-lobed with four main veins. Tme rays (A-D) and Gorteninae rays (E-F). A: Arctotis venusta. B: Arctotheca calendula. C: Heterolepis aliena. D: Eremothamnus marlothianus. E: Didelta carnosa. F. Cullumia ciliaris. | G: Berkheya angustifolia. H: Gazania krebsiana. 14 Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 The Gorteriinae rays are a synapomorphy for the genera of this subtribe, corroborating its monophyly which is supported also by other characters. Likewise, the presence of true rays in the Arctotidinae may be a synapomorphy for the genera of that subtribe, if they were independently evolved in the Arc- totideae compared to those of the radiate tribe Liabeae and the subfamily Aste- roideae. Morphological data indicate that the whole tribe Arctotideae is most closely related to the discoid Cardueae, Carlineae, and Echinopsideae (Bremer 1987) and hence that the Arctotidinae rays are autapomorphic for the subtribe. However, data from chloroplast DNA restriction site mapping indicate that the Arctotideae are the sister group of the radiate Asteroideae (Jansen et al. 1988), implying that rays may be plesiomorphic in the Arctotideae. Independent origin of rays in the Arctotideae is therefore uncertain. The Gorteriinae rays did not evolve from the ordinary type of 3-lobed rays or vice versa. The latter are usually considered to be derived from mutisioid bi- labiate corollas with two ventral lobes and a 3-lobed limb, by reduction of the two ventral lobes (e. g. Jeffrey 1977). Gorteriinae rays presumably evolved from pseudobilabiate corollas, with a single ventral lobe and a 4-lobed limb, by reduction of the ventral lobe. Pseudobilabiate corollas are present within the Mutisieae-Barnadesiinae, but there is no close relationship between that group and the Arctotideae-Gorteriinae (Bremer 1987, Jansen et al. 1988). Bilabiate, pseudobilabiate and ligulate corollas presumably evolved independently from the actinomorphic corolla (Fig. 3). Fig. 3. Possible evolution of rays and ligules. A: Actinomorphic. B: Ligule. C: Pseudobilabiate D: Gorteriinae ray. E. Bilabiate F: True ray. — | §~—§ —_——~— ls The distinction between true rays and Gorteriinae rays is significant for the classification of Heterolepis and Eremothamnus, two arctotid genera of un- certain position. Heterolepis was placed in subtribe Gorteriinae by Norlindh (1977), but it has 3-lobed rays, not Gorteriinae rays. The rays of Heterolepis Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 15 often have one or two small ventral lobes, so that several of them are actually bilabiate. Eremothamnus, by Norlindh classified in its own monotypic subtribe, has 3-lobed rays of the ordinary type. The tribal relationship of Eremothamnus is uncertain (Robinson and Brettell 1973, Bremer 1987). It could be related to other tribes than the Arctotideae. The rays of Heterolepis and Eremothamnus reveal that those genera are not members of the Gorteriinae. Furthermore, I am reluctant to classify them in the Arctotidinae. Genera of the latter subtribe are all united by synapomorphies in style and other floral traits not shared by Heterolepis and Eremothamnus. The presence of rays in Heterolepis, Eremothamnus and the Arctotidinae could be a synapomorphy for them, but as explained above, rays may be plesiomorphic within the Arctotideae. For the moment I would leave Heterolepis and Eremo- thamnus unclassified as to subtribe, noting that Heterolepis is probably a mem- ber of the Arctotideae, whereas the placement of Eremothamnus in this tribe is open to question. The unique nature of the Gorteriinae rays became apparent to me when examining the Arctotideae for my planned book on cladistics and systematics of the Asteraceae. I will return to the subtribal classification of the Arctotideae in that work. References Bremer, K. 1987. Tribal interrelationships of the Asteraceae. Cladistics 3: 210- 253: Carlquist, S. 1976. Tribal interrelationships and phylogeny of the Asteraceae. Aliso 8: 465-492. Cronquist, A. 1955. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Compositae. Am. Middl. Nat. 53: 478-511. Cronquist, A. 1977. The Compositae revisited. Brittonia 29: 137-153. Hoffmann, O. 1890. Compositae. /n Engler, A., and K. Prantl (eds.), Die natiir- lichen Pflanzenfamilien 4(5): 177-224. Berlin. Jansen, R. K., J. D. Palmer and H. J. Michaels. 1988. Investigations of — chloro- plast DNA variation in the Asteraceae. Compositae Newsl., 15: 2-12. “Tae 16 Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 Jeffrey, C. 1977. Corolla forms in Compositae - some evolutionary and taxono- mic speculations. Jn Heywood, V. H., J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.), The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. Academic Press, London, pp. 111-118. Norlindh, T. 1977. Arctoteae - systematic review. Jn Heywood, V. H., J. B. Har- borne and B. L. Turner (eds.), The Biology and Chemistry of the Compo- sitae. Academic Press, London, pp. 943-959. Robinson, H. and R. D. Brettell. 1973. Tribal revisions in the Asteraceae. XI. A new tribe, Eremothamneae. Phytologia 26: 163-166. Roessler, H. 1959. Revision der Arctotideae-Gorteriinae (Compositae). Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. Miinchen 3: 71-500. Wagenitz, G. 1976. Systematics and phylogeny of the Compositae (Asteraceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 125: 29-46. Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 17 RECENT REFERENCES Compiled by Charles Jeffrey, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Now and as from 1 Jan. 1987, "The Kew Record of Taxonomic Literature” is being published quarterly, and those requiring information on works on Com- positae published since that date and currently are referred to that publication. Annual volumes of the "Kew Record" cover the years 1971-1982 inclu- sive. For the years 1983-1986, annual volumes are in preparation, but have not yet appeared. This series will be continued to cover the gap up to such time as the backlog volumes appear. General Al-Eisawi, D., 1983. Studies on the flora of Jordan: 10. Nine new species to the flora of Jordan. — Candollea 38 (1): 359-364. — En. (Fr.); map. Amich Garcia, F., 1983. Notas sobre flora de Toledo: 1. Algunos taxones intere- santes de la mitad occidental. — Stud. Bot. (Salamanca) 2: 177-179. — Sp. (En.). Anon., 1983. Compositae. Jn: Rowley, G. D., Newton, L. E., Taylor, N. P. (eds). Repertorium plantarum succulentarum: 32. Index nominum novarum plantarum succulentarum anno 1981. — Weybridge, N. P. Taylor for Inter- national Organisation for Succulent Plant Study. 10. — En. Bao, G.-Z., 1982. Flora Intramongolica: 6. Huhahaote, Typis Intramongolicae Popularis. — 355 p. — Ch.; illus., keys. Bole, P. V. & Almeida, M. R., 1983. Materials for the flora of Mahabaleshwar: 4.—J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 79 (3): 594-606 — En.; keys. Erik, S., 1983. Three new taxa from Anatolia. — Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin- burgh 40 (3): 511-514. — En.; illus., map. 18 Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 Fu, J.-Q., 1983. (The new plants of the Compositae from North-Western China.) — Bull. Bot. Res. North-East. Forest. Inst. 3 (1): 110-128. — Ch.; illus. Gilli, A., 1983. Beitrage zur Flora von Ecuador: 3. Sympetalae. — Feddes Repert. 94 (5): 303-322. — Ge. (En.). Jeffrey, C., 1982. Generic names of Compositae: 2. Acarp-Aly. —- Compositae Newsl. No. 13: 2-16. — En. Jeffrey, C., 1982. Generic names of Compositae: 3. Am-Ap. — Compositae Newsl. No. 13: 17-27. — En. Jeffrey, C., 1982. Generic names of Compositae: 4. Additions; corrections; Ar- Az. — Compositae Newsl. No. 13: 28-38. — En. Jeffrey, C., 1982. Recent references. - Compositae Newsl. No. 13:39-61.— En. Karasawa, R. & Ueda, K., 1983. Occurrence of nuclear vacuoles in meiotic pro- phase nuclei in Compositae. — Caryologia 36 (2): 145-153. — En.; illus. Mathew, P. M. & Mathew, A. 1983. Studies on the South Indian Compositae: 5. Cytotaxonomic consideration of the tribes Vernonieae and Eupatorieae. — Cytologia (Japan), 48 (3): 679-690. — En.; illus., chrom. nos. Parveen, F. & Bhandari, M. M., 1981. Pollen morphology of desert Asteraceae. —J.Palynol. 17 (1 & 2): 121-130. — En.; illus. Perez Morales, C., Lopes Pacheco, M. J. & Puente Garcia, E., 1983. Algunos taxones de interes para la provincia de Leon. — Stud. Bot. (Salamanca) 2: 185-189. — Sp. (En.). Ravindranath, K. & Inamdar, J. A., 1982. Leaf architectural studies in the Asteraceae: 1. — Pakistan J. Bot. 14 (2): 143-154. — En.; illus. Rostovtseva, T. S., Chisla khromosom nekotoryh vidov semeistva Asteraceae: 2. (Chromosome numbers of some species of the family Asteraceae: 2.) — Bot. Zhurn. 68 (5): 660-664. — Rus. Seaman, F.C. & Funk, V. A., 1983. Cladistic analysis of complex natural pro- ducts: developing transformation series from sesquiterpene lactone data. — Taxon 32 (1): 1-27. — En.; chrom. no. Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 19 Salgado-Labouriau, M. L., 1982 publ. 1983. Pollen morphology of the Compo- sitae of the northern Andes. — Pollen Spores 24 (3-4): 397-452. — En. (Fr.); illus. Strother, J. L., 1983. More chromosome studies in Compositae. — Amer. J. Bot. 70 (8): 1217-1224. — En.; chrom. nos. Venable, D. L. & Levin, D. A., 1983. Morphological dispersal structures in rela- tion to growth habit in the Compositae. — Pl. Syst. Evol. 143 (1-2): 1-16. — En. Lactuceae Akeroyd, A. J., Jury, S. L. & Rumsey, F. J., 1983. Cicerbita macrophylla (Willd.) Wallr. — B.S.B.I. News 33: 14-15. —En.; illus. Bevan, J., 1983. A Hieracium study group. — Watsonia 14 (4): 449. — En. Blackmore, S., 1982. The apertures of Lactuceae (Compositae) pollen. — Pollen Spores 24 (3-4): 453-462. — En. (Fr.); illus. Boulos, L., 1983. Sonchus saudensis, a new species of Compositae from the westem Saudi Arabia and northern Yemen. — Arab Gulf J. Scientific Res. 1 (1): 21-27. — En. (Ara.); illus., map. Brdutigam, S., 1983. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Hieracium L. in den Kaukasuslindern. (A contribution to the study of the genus Hieracium L. in the Caucasus). — Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 18 (1): 17-27. — Ge. (En.). Carlquist, S., 1983. Observations on the vegetative anatomy of Crepidiastrum and Dendrocacalia (Asteraceae). — Aliso 10 (3): 383-395. — En.; illus. Cirujano, S., 1983. Sonchus x novocastellanus Cirujano, nom. nov. — An. Jard. Bot. 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Obrazky teskoslovenskych pampeliSek (1-2). (Icones Taraxacorum Cechoslovakiae (1-2).) — Zpravy Cesk. Bot. Spol. CSAV 18 (2): 81-88. — Cz. (En.); illus. Kuzmanov, B. A. & Jurukova-Grancarova, P. D., 1983. (Evolutionary trends in the Bulgarian Compositae plants of Cichorioidae, Asteraceae.) —Fitologiya (Bulgaria) 23: 27-29.— Bu. (En.). Mogie, M. & Richards, A. J., 1983. Satellited chromosomes, systematics and phylogeny in Taraxacum (Asteraceae). —Pl. Syst. Evol. 141 (3-4): 219-229. —En.; illus., chrom. nos. Mustard, T. S., 1982. The distribution and autecology of pale Agoseris Agoseris glauca, in Michigan. —Mich. Bot. 21 (4): 205-211.— En.; illus., map. Nazarova, E. A. & Barsegyan, A. M., 1983. Sonchus araraticus (Asteraceae): novyi vid iz Armenii. (Sonchus araraticus (Asteraceae): a new species from Armenia.) —Bot. Zhurn. 68 (7): 950-952. — Rus.; illus. Pllgaard, H., 1983. Hamata, a new section of Taraxacum (Asteraceae). —PI. Syst. Evol. 141 (3-4): 199-217.— En.; illus, map, chrom. no., key. PAllgaard, H., 1983. Om Maelkebgtter. -URT 2: 50-55.— Daz; illus. Prost, J.-F., 1982. Scutellaria alpina L. et Lapsana intermedia Bieb. dans le Jura. — Monde PI. 77 (411-412): 12. — Fr. Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 Di Richards, A. J., 1983. Field meetings, 1982. Kindrogan, East Perthshire, 20th- 24th May. Dandelion meeting. — B.S.E. News 37: 8-10. — En. Sonck, C. E., 1983. Espéces nouvelles de Taraxacum de France. —Ann. Bot. Fenn. 20 (3): 259-267. — Fr. (En.); illus. Sonck, C. E., 1983. New Taraxacum species from Europe. —Ann. Bot. Fenn. 20 (1): 43-49. — En.; illus. Sonck, C. E., 1983. Zwei neue Taraxacum-Arten aus dem nérdlichen Lappland. (Two new Taraxacum species from Northern Lapland.) — Mem., Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn. 59 (1): 1-7. — Ge. (En.); illus. Steiner, E., 1983. The blue sailor: weed of many uses. — Mich. Bot. 22 (2): 63- 67. — En.; illus. Sterk, A. A., Groenhart, M. C. & Mooren, J. F. A., 1983. Aspects of the ecology of some microspecies of Taraxacum in the Netherlands. — Acta Bot. Neerl. 32 (5-6): 385-415. — En. Turkington, R. & Aarssen, L. W., 1983. Biological flora of the British Isles: Hypochoeris radicata L. — J. Ecol. 71 (3): 999-1022. — En.; illus., map, chrom. nos. Mutisieae Nesom, G. L., 1983. Biology and taxonomy of American Leibnitzia (Asteraceae: Mutisieae). — Brittonia 35 (2): 126-139. — En.; illus., map, chrom. nos. Southworth, D., 1983. Exine development in Gerbera jamesonii (Asteraceae: Mutisieae). — Amer. J. Bot. 70 (7): 1038-1047. — En.; illus. / Vernonieae Bohlmann, F., Ates(Goren), N. & Jakupovic, J., 1983. Hirsutinolides from South African Vernonia species. — Phytochemistry 22 (5): 1159-1162. — En. 22 Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 Bolick, M. R., 1983. Exine structure of Trichospira verticillata (L.) Blake (Com- positae) and its implications for the tribal position of the genus. — Amer. J. Bot. 70 (3): 463-465. — En.; illus. Codd, L. E., 1983. (713). Proposal to conserve 7366A Becium (Lamiaceae) against Bechium (Asteraceae). — Taxon 32 (3): 490-491. — En. Coile, N. C. & Jones, S. B. Jr., 1983. Haplostephium (Compositae: Vernonieae). — Castanea 48 (3): 232-236. — En.; illus. Coile, N. C. & Jones, S. B., 1981. Lychnophora (Compositae: Vernonieae), a genus endemic to the Brasilian Planalto. — Brittonia 33 (4): 528-542. — En.; illus., maps, chrom. no., key. Jones, S. B. & Coile, N. C., 1981. A new combination in Vernonia (Compositae: Vernonieae). — Brittonia 33 (4): 543. — En. Jones, S. B. & Stutts, J. G., 1981. Three new species of Vernonia (Compositae: Vernonieae) from Mexico. — Brittonia 33 (4): 544-546. — En.; illus. Lobo, M. da G. A., 1982. Sipolisia lanuginosa Glaziou: uma espécie ameacgada de extingao. — Cadernos FEEMA Sér. Trab. Técn 18: 21-24. — Por. Flora, espécies raras ou ameacada de extingao: |. Robinson, H., 1983. A new species of Chresta from Bahia, Brazil (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). — Phytologia 53 (6): 385-387. — En.; illus. Robinson, H., 1983. Five new species of Lychnophora from Bahia, Brazil (Ver- nonieae: Asteraceae). — Phytologia 53 (6): 369-384. — En.; illus. Robinson, H., 1983. Three new species of Vernonia from South America (Ver- nonieae: Asteraceae). — Phytologia 53 (6): 393-400. — En.; illus. Turner, B. L., 1981. New species and combinations in Vernonia sections Leibol- dia and Lepidonia (Asteraceae), with a revisional conspectus of the groups. — Brittonia 33 (3): 401-412. — En.; illus., map, chrom. nos., key. Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 23 Liabeae Robinson, H., 1983. Studies in the Liabeae (Asteraceae): 16. New taxa from Peru. — Phytologia 54 (1): 62-65. — En.; illus. Robinson, H., 1983. A generic review of the tribe Liabeae (Asteraceae). — Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 54: 69 pp. — En.; illus., keys. Cardueae Chang, Y.-B., 1983. (Two new varieties of Compositae). — Bull. Bot. Res. North-East. Forest. Inst. 3 (2): 157-158. — Ch. Cherneva, O. V., 1983. Rod Hypacanthium (Asteraceae) 1 ego predstaviteli v Sredne¥ Azii. (The genus Hypacanthium (Asteraceae) and its representa- tives in Middle Asia.) — Bot. Zhurn. 68 (5): 632-635. — Rus.; map. Dittrich, M., 1983. Ochrocephala, eine neue afrikanische Compositengattung der Subtribus Centaureinae. (Ochrocephala, a new African genus of Compo- sitae, subtribe Centaureinae.) — Bot. Jahrb. 103 (4): 467-480. — Ge. (En.); illus. Georgiadis, T., 1980. Contribution a l'étude phylogénétique au genre Centaurea L. (Sectio Acrolophus (Cass.) DC.) en Gréce: thése. (Contribution to the study of the genus Centaurea L. (sectio Acrolophus (Cass.) DC.) in Greece.) — Aix Marseille, Université de Provence, 286 pp. — Fr. (En., Gr.); illus., maps, chrom. nos. Georgiadis, T., 1980. Contribution a |’ étude cytogéographique au genre Centau- rea L. (Sectio Acrolophus (Cass.) DC.) en Gréce:. (Contribution to the study of the genus Centaurea L. (sectio Acrolophus (Cass.) DC.) in Greece.) — Candollea 38 (1): 325-340. — Fr. (En.); illus., chrom. nos. Geppert, B., Drozdz, B., Kieczewoki, M. & Holub, M., 1983. Sesquiterpene lac- tones: 23. Isolation of sesquiterpene lactones from Centaurea L. species. — Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 52 (1): 23-34. — En. (Pol.). Guido, M. A., Montanari, C. & de Vincenzi, L., 1981 publ. 1983. Schede per una flora palinologica Italiana N. 85-91. (Cards for a palynological Italian flora n. 85-91.) — Arch. Bot. Biogeogr. Ital. 57 (1-2): 1-16. — It. (En.); illus. 24 Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 Hajra, P. K., 1983. A new species of Saussurea (Asteraceae) from Nandadevi National Park, Chamoli District, Uttar Pradesh. — Indian Forester 109 (2): 77-79. — En.; illus. Kharadze, A. L., 1978. Zametki po taksonomii nekotorykh vidov roda Cirsium Mill. "Flory Turtsii". (Notulae ad taxonomiam specierum nonnullarum ge- neris Cirsium Mil. "Florae Turciae"). — Zam. Sist. Geogr. Rast. 35: 16-20. — Rus. (Geo.). Lipshits, S. Yu., 1982. Saussurea stafleuana Lipsch. (Asteraceae): novyi vid iz Indii. (Saussurea stafleuana Lipsch. (Asteraceae): species nova ex India.) — Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 19: 181-182. — Rus. Rechinger, K. H. & Podlech, D., 1983. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gattung Cousi- nia (Compositae) in Afghanistan. (Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Cousinia (Compositae) in Afghanistan.) — Pl. Syst. Evol. 142 (1-2): 1-9. — Ge. (En.); illus. Shih, C. & Jin, S.-Y., 1983. (Notulae de plantis tribus Cynarearum familiae Compositarum florae Sinicae: 1.) — Acta Phytotax. Sin. 21 (1): 89-93. — Ch.; illus. Valdés-Bermejo, E. & Agudo Mata, M. P., 1983. Estudios cariologicos en especies ibéricas del género Centaurea L. (Compositac): 1. (Karyologic studies on Spanish species of Centaurea L. (Compositae): 1.) — An. Jard. Bot. Madrid 40 (1): 119-142. — Sp. (En.); illus., chrom. nos. Wagenitz, G., 1983. Centaurea and the Index Kewensis. — Taxon 32 (1): 107- 109. —En. Weiss, E. A., 1983. Safflower. In Weiss, E.A. Oilseed crops, London. — Long- man, 216-281. —En.; illus., maps, chrom. nos. Wells, H., 1983. Hybridization and genetic recombination of Cirsium californi- cum and C. occidentale (Asteraceae: Cardueae): — Madrofio 30 (1): 12-30. —En.; illus., chrom. nos. Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 25 Arctotideae Heyligers, P. C., 1983. An appraisal of the beach daisy (Arctotheca populifolia) with a view to its possible use for dune stabilization. — Victorian Nat. 100 (2): 48-54. — En.; illus., map. Pandey, A. K. & Singh, R. P., 1983. Development and structure of seeds and fruits in Compositae-tribe Arctotideae. — Flora (Germany) 174 (3-4): 323- 328. — En.; illus. Anthemideae Adema, F., 1983. Een bastaard van Anthemis tinctoria L. en Matricaria maritima L. (A hybrid of Anthemis tinctoria L. and Matricaria maritima L.) — Gorte- ria 11 (9): 205. — Du. (En.). Amalraj, V. A., 1983. Studies on Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. occurring wild in West Rajasthan. — J. Econ. Taxon. 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New combinations and notes based on Forsskal’s Arabian collection. — Kew Bull. 38 (1): 83-86. — En. Maiti, M. M., Misra, G. & Ghosh, R. B., 1983. Some new records of weeds from crop fields of Orissa. — J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 4 (1): 308-310. — En. Nesom, G. L., 1983. The evolutionary origin of Blumea viscosa (Asteraceae) and a first report from North America. — Sida 10 (1): 30-32. — En. Sevelsberg, E, 1983. Inula graveolens (L.) Desf. (Klebriger Alant) bei Speyer. — GO6ttinger Flor. Rundbr. 16 (3-4): 965-99. — Ge.; illus., chrom. nos. Short, P. S., 1981 publ. 1983. A revision of Angianthus Wendl., sensu lato (Compositae: Inuleae: Gnaphaliinae), 1. — Muelleria 5 (2): 143-183. 177 En.; illus., maps, chrom, nos, keys. Short, P. S., 1981 publ. 1983. A revision of Angianthus Wendl., sensu lato (Compositae: Inuleae: Gnaphaliinae), 2. — Muelleria 5 (3): 185-214. — En.; illus., maps, chrom, nos, keys. Urbanska, K. M., 1983. Antennaria carpatica (Wahlb.) BI. et Fing. s.l. in North America: 1. Chromosome numbers, geographical distribution and ecology. — Ber. Geobot. Inst. Eidgenéss. Techn. Hochsch. Stift. Riibel, 50: 33-66. — En. (Ge.); illus., maps, chrom. nos. Wagenitz, G. & Gamal-Eldin, E., 1983. Die Gattung Sclerostephane Chiov. (Compositae, Inuleae). (The genus Sclerostephane Chiov. (Compositae, Inuleae). — Bot. Jahrb. 104 (1): 91-113. — Ge. (En.); illus., map, key. 32 Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 Werker, E. & Fahn, A., 1982. /nula hairs: structure, ultrastructure and secretion. In: Margarims, N., Koedam, A., Vokou, D., (eds) Aromatic plants: basic and applied aspects. —- The Hague, M. Nijhoff, pp. 25-37. — En.; illus. Wiklund, A., 1983. /ghermia, a new genus of the Asteraceae-Inuleae. — Nord. J. Bot. 3 (4): 443-4446. — En.; illus., map. Heliantheae Badillo, V. M., 1983. Viguiera scandens Badillo, sp. nov. de Venezuela. —Enrnstia 15: 13-15. — Sp.; illus. Brown, G. K., 1983. Chromosome numbers in Platyschkuhria Rydberg (Compo- sitae) and their systematic significance. — Amer. J. Bot. 70 (4): 591-601. —En.; illus. Biischer, D., 1983. Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) Forb. auch in Westfalen. — G6ttinger Flor. Rundbr. 16 (3-4): 89.— Ge. Canne, J. M., 1983. Cytological and morphological observations in Galinsoga and related genera (Asteraceae). — Rhodora 85 (843): 355-366. — En.; illus., chrom. nos. Carr, R. L. & Carr, G. D., 1983. Chromosome races and structural heterozygosity in Calycadenia ciliosa Greene (Asteraceae). — Amer. J. Bot., 70 (5): 744-755. — En.; illus., map, chrom. nos. Chen, J. F. & Lin, Y. J., 1982. Chromosome pairing in interspecific hybrids of Tagetes patula and T. erecta. — Cytologia (Japan), 47 (3-4): 737-742. — En.; illus., chrom. nos. Crawford, D. J., 1981. A new variety of Coreopsis mutica (Compositae) from Mexico. — Brittonia 33 (4): 547-551. — En.; illus., map, chrom. nos. Crawford, D. J. & Smith, E. B., 1983. 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Una nueva variedad de Heliopsis (Compositae) de Colombia. — Mutisia 51: 4 p. — Sp. (En.); chrom. nos., key. Jovet, P., 1983. A propos d’une étude de Marcel Debray sur les Bidens natura- lisés en France. — Compte R. Séances Soc. Biogéogr. 59 (1): 71-75. — Fr. (En.); maps. Kak, A .M. & Javeid, G. N., 1982. Two new aquatic plant species from Kashmir Himalayas. — J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 79 (1): 172-175. — En.; illus. Lane, M. A., 1983. Taxonomy of Xanthocephalum (Compositae: Astereac). — Syst. Bot. 8 (3): 305-316. — En.; illus., maps, chrom. nos., key. Lentini, F. & Ottonello, D., 1980. Bidens pilosa L. avventizia in Sicilia (Synan- drae, Asteraceae). — Naturalista Siciliano, S. 4, 4 (3-4): 73-77. — It (En.); illus., chrom. nos. Opravil, E., 1983. Xanthium strumarium L.: ein europdischer Archaophyt? (Xanthium strumarium L.: an European archaeophyte?). — Flora (Germany) n72 (1/2): 71-79. — Ge. (En.). Pandey, A. K. & Singh, R. P., 1982. 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Bot. 70 (4): 549-554. — En.; illus., chrom. nos. Smith, E. B., 1983. Transfer of Coreopsis congregata (Compositae : Heliantheae) to Coreocarpus. — Brittonia 35 (2): 147-149. — En. Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 35 Strother, J. L., 1983. Pionocarpus becomes Jostephane (Compositae : Heliantheae): a synopsis. — Madrofio 30 (1): 34-38. — En.; chrom. nos., key. Stuessy, T. F. & Liu, H.-Y., 1983. Anatomy of the pericarp of Clibadium, Desmanthodium, and Ichthyothere (Compositae, Heliantheae) and syste- matic implications. — Rhodora 85 (842): 213-227. — En.; illus. Tadesse, M., 1983. Bidens burundiensis, a new species of Bidens (Compositae- Heliantheae) from Burundi. — Nord. J. Bot. 3 (5): 539-542. — En.; illus. Tanowitz, B. D., 1983. Taxonomic status of Hemizonia congesta DC., and Hemi- zonia corymbosa (DC.) T. & G. (Asteraceae : Madiinae). — Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 110 (1): 12-17. — En.; illus. Todsen, T. K., 1983. 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D., Compadre, C.M. & Kinghorn, A. D., 1983. Ethnobotanical notes on Stevia. — Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 29 (1): 1-25. — En.; illus. Sullivan, V. I., 1983. Eupatorium mohrii, a new record for the Dominican Re- public, including E. quinquieflorum, syn. nov. (Asteraceae). — Sida 10 (1): 37-40. — En.; illus. Timmermann, B. N. & Mabry, T. J., 1983. 6-methoxyflavonols from disjunct populations of Brickellia cylindracea (Compositae). — Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 11 (1): 37-39. — En. Turner, B. L., 1983. A new species of Critonia (Asteraceae-Eupatorieae) from Belize. — Phytologia 52 (7): 491-492. — En. Turner, B. L., 1983. Two new species of Koanophyllon (Asteraceae-Eupatorieae) from northeastern Mexico. — Phytologia 52 (7): 495-498. — En.; map. Comp. Newsl. 15. 1988 37 Tumer, B. L., 1983. Two new species of A geratina (Asteraceae-Eupatorieae). — Phytologia 53 (4): 241-244. — En.; illus., map. Senecioneae Abbott, R. J., Ingram, R. & Noltie, H. J., 1983. Discovery of Senecio cambrensis Rosser in Edinburgh. — Watsonia 14 (4): 407-408. — En.; chrom. nos. Barkley, T. M., 1981. Senecio and Erechtites (Compositae) in the North Ame- rican Flora: supplementary notes. — Brittonia 33 (4): 523-527. — En.; key. Bartok, K., 1983. Raspindirea speciei Senecio glaberrimus (Roch.) Simk. in Carpatii Romanesti. — Stud. Cerc. Biol., Biol. Veg. 35 (1): 12-16. — Rum. (En.); map. Belcher, R. O., 1981 publ. 1983. New Australian species of erechthitoid Senecio (Asteraceae). — Muelleria 5 (2): 119-122. — En. Bohlmann, F., Ates, N., King, R. M. & Robinson, H., 1983. Two sesquiterpenes from Senecio species. — Phytochemistry 22 (7): 1675-1677. — En. Boulos, L. & Wood, J. R. I., 1983. A new Senecio (Compositae) from southwest Arabia. — Kew Bull. 38 (3): 491-492. — En.; illus. Giberti, G. C., 1983. 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