(C DEP 7} COMPOSITAE G * NEWSLETTER G2 Number 22 December 1992 Scientific Editor: Bertil Nordenstam Technical Editor: Agneta Lindhag Published and distributed by The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Phanerogamic Botany, P.O. Box 50007 S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. ao" = = LIBRARY FEB 22 1993 __ NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN CONTENTS L. Ahlstrand: Contribaticns to the Einttyolony of ‘Arctotideae (Compositae). The Genera Dymondia Coniptot, Colas R.-Br., Didelta L’ Hérit. and Heterolepis Cass. 1 Mesfin Tadesse: New E abaenions and ee in Compositae (Vernonieae, Inu- leae s.1. and Heliantheae) ~ 11 Y. R. Ling: Chemotaxonomy of Arena Li: * 18 M.A. Isawumi: Studies of Emilia (Compositae: Senecioneae) in West Africa 24 B. Nordenstam: Flora Zambesiaca: First part of the Compositae published 31 Requests for material 32 *s Ae ~hiieaet x ip a je » = eg. Wa the ¢ fe be Dee SU eo at a! Ya ab et Pa eT ee “es yy Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EMBRYOLOGY OF ARCTOTIDEAE (COMPOSITAE) The Genera Dymondia Compton, Cullumia R. Br., Didelta L’ Hérit. and Heterolepis Cass. Lennart Ahlstrand Department of Systematic Botany University of Géteborg Car! Skottsbergs Gata 22 S-413 19 Goteborg Sweden Abstract Embryology of the monotypic genus Dymondia Compton, one species of Cullu- mia R. Br., one species of Didelta L’Hérit., and two species of Heterolepis Cass. was studied. Except for the species of Heterolepis with bisporic embryo sacs the investigation shows the usual Polygonum type of embryo sac development in the genera Dymondia, Cullumia and Didelta. The microspores of Dymondia marga- retae Compton form tetrahedral tetrads and the tapetum develops into a periplas- modium. The deviating embryology in Heterolepis strengthens the suspicion that this genus is incorrectly placed in Arctotideae-Gorteriinae. Material and Methods The investigated material was collected by the author in southern South Africa in September 1982 as follows: Dymondia margaretae Compton in Kirstenbosch Botanic Garden, Cape Town. Cullumia squarrosa (L.) R.Br. at a roadside not far from Cape Point. Didelta carnosa (L.f.) Ait. on the beach of Blouberg, Cape Town. Heterolepis aliena (L.f.) Druce in Karroo Botanic Garden, Worcester. Heterolepis peduncularis DC. at the airfield of Worcester. Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 The cytological technique used is that described by Ahlstrand (1978). The voucher specimens have been identified by Professor Tycho Norlindh, Stock- holm. These documents and the slides studied are kept at GB. Introduction The genus Dymondia Compton is solely represented by the yellow-flowering, prostrate growing and ground covering species Dymondia margaretae Compton. Specimens of it were for the first time gathered by Margaret Dryden-Dymond in 1933. The species got its description by Compton (1953). It spontaneously and sparsely occurs in a few localities along the southern Cape coast of South Africa between Agulhas and the Breede River mouth (Rourke 1974). Following the scheme by Hoffmann (1894), Compton (1953) thinks D. margare- tae to have its nearest affinities with the sections Landtia Less. and Arctotheca Wendl. of genus Arctotis L. in the Arctotideae-Arctotidinae. Norlindh (1977) also includes both Dymondia and Arctotheca in subtribe "Arctotinae" (Arctotidinae). Landtia is there obliterated as a taxon. After revisions of Cullumia R. Br. and Didelta L’Hérit. by Roessler (1959) and Merxmiiller (1967), Norlindh (1977) arranges these genera in the subtribe Arcto- tideae-Gorteriinae. Owing to, i. a., style characters Robinson and Brettell (1973) think Heterolepis Cass. to be related to Didelta. Norlindh (1977) accepts the ge- nus Heterolepis in the Gorteriinae. However, its position there is precarious. Bre- mer (1987) finds the three-lobed ray florets of Heterolepis to differ so much from those in other species of the Gorteriinae that he denies Heterolepis to be a mem- ber of this subtribe. He is also unwilling to place it in subtribe Arctotidinae, so he leaves it unclassified. He thinks, however, that Heterolepis belongs to the tribe Arctotideae. On the whole the placement of Heterolepis as regards tribe is much debated. For instance Merxmiiller et al. (1977) exclude it from the Inuleae but they question a place for it in Mutisieae. Representatives of Cullumia (15 species), Didelta (2 species) and Heterolepis (3 species) grow spontaneously in southwestern South Africa (Cape region, Karroo) and Namibia. Observations Dymondia margaretae. The microsporangial wall has four cell-layers: epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum (Fig. 1A). The middle layer looks dege- nerated when the tetrahedral microspore tetrads appear (Fig. 1B). The tapetal cells become many-nucleate and they successively lose their cell membranes (Fig. 1B, C). Their cell-plasmas, however, mostly remain in situ for a long time (Fig. 1B) and they very gradually leave their cell lumens to make faintly con- spicuous periplasmodia (Fig. 1 C). When the pollen grains are ready to be shed Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 no remnants of the tapetal cells are left (Fig. 1D). The cells of the epidermis and the endothecium have now increased in size (Fig. 1D). The female archespore consists of one cell (Fig. 1E). The meiotic divisions give rise to a dyad (Fig. 1F) and a linear tetrad of macrospores (Fig. 1G). The chalazal macrospore develops into the embryo sac (Fig.1H). The embryo sac development is of the Polygonum type (Fig. 1H - N). The antipodes are three and 1-nucleate (Fig. 1M, N). Cullumia squarrosa. The archespore is 1-celled (Fig. 2A). Beneath the single embryo sac mother cell a few potential archesporial cells are observed (Fig. 2A, B). The macrosporogenesis (Fig. 2A - C) results in the formation of a linear tetrad (Fig. 2C). The basal macrospore germinates to produce an embryo sac (Fig. 2C). My material has given no stages showing the embryo sac development. I think, however, there should be no deviations from the usual Polygonum type of em- bryo sac development in the Arctotideae. The old embryo sac stage (Fig. 2D) shows a degenerating egg apparatus. The micropylar canal is widened and muci- laginous. There are no remnants of antipodal cells. The integumentary tapetum consists of two rows of cells around the chalazal part of the embryo sac. Didelta carnosa. The archespore is 1-celled (Fig. 3A). The meiotic divisions end via a dyad stage (Fig. 3B) in a linear tetrad (Fig. 3C) where the chalazal cell de- velops into an embryo sac. The other tetrad cells degenerate (Fig. 3D). The macro-gametogenesis produces an 8-nucleate embryo sac of the Polygonum type (Fig. 3E). The old embryo sac stage (Fig. 3F) shows elongated cells rich in plas- ma at one side of the micropylar canal. The integumentary tapetum consists of one layer of cells. Heterolepis aliena and H. peduncularis. The archespore is 1-celled (Fig. 4A, F). The heterotypic meiotic division results in a dyad stage (Fig. 4G). The succeeding homotypic division of the dyad cell nucleus is not accompanied by cell wall for- mation so each one of the dyad cells becomes 2-nucleate (Fig. 4C, H). The apical dyad cell degenerates (Fig. 4E, I). The basal one develops into an embryo sac (Fig. 4D, E, I) during increasing cell growth and plasma vacuolization (Fig. 4J, K). After new nuclear divisions there is a 4-nucleate embryo sac stage (Fig. 4L). The material shows all the accounted stages very richly. However, there are no older embryo sac stages. Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 Discussion Owing to a monosporic Polygonum type of embryo sac development Dymondia margaretae from embryological aspects justifies a place in Arctotideae-Arctotidi- nae. The author (Ahlstrand 1979a) has found the same embryology in species of all the other genera of this subtribe. The embryology of Cullumia squarrosa and Didelta carnosa is very similar to that of members of other investigated genera in Arctotideae-Gorteriinae (Ahl- strand 1979b). There is an archespore of one cell only and the 8-nucleate Polygo- num type of embryo sac development. There are no synergid or antipode haustoria. As in Gazania Gaertn. and Berkheya Ehrh. slender mucilaginous hair- cells are observed at one side of the micropylar canal in Didelta carnosa. In Cul- lumia squarrosa the integumentary tapetum tends to be thickened around the chalazal part of old embryo sacs as is the case in Gazania and Berkheya species. The circumstance that Heterolepis has a bisporic embryo sac development makes this genus embryologically quite different from all the other investigated genera of Arctotideae. Nota bene such a development is very rare in Compositae. Asp- lund (1978) makes a short survey of Compositae species with bisporic embryo sac development. They are very few in number and they occur in the tribes Aste- reae, Anthemideae, Helenieae, Heliantheae and Inuleae. However, I have never before met bisporic embryo sacs in my embryological investigations of tribe Arctotideae (Ahlstrand a, b, c). My Heterolepis material was richly represented by stages where I could study the bisporic conditions carefully. However, there were no mature embryo sac stages. Yet my observations show that Heterolepis embryologically is a very dubious genus in subtribe Arctotideae-Gorteriinae and in tribe Arctotideae on the whole. References Ahlstrand, L. 1978. Embryology of Ursinia (Compositae). Bot. Notiser 131: 487-496. Ahlstrand, L. 1979a. Embryology of Arctotideae-Arctotinae (Compositae). Bot. Notiser 132: 109-116. Ahlstrand, L. 1979b. Embryology of Arctotideae-Gorteriinae (Compositae). Bot. Notiser 132: 371-376. Ahlstrand, L. 1979c. Embryology of Arctotideae-Gundeliinae (Compositae). Bot. Notiser 132: 377-380. Asplund, I. 1978. Embryological Studies in Typhaceae, Sparganiaceae and Com- positae. Diss. Univ. Goteborg. Géteborg. Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 Bremer, K. 1988. A new corolla type from the Asteraceae-Arctotideae. Comp. Newsl. 15: 12-16. Compton, R. H. 1953. Plantae Novae Africanae. J. S. Afr. Bot. 19: 109-134. Hoffmann, O. 1894. Compositae. In: Engler, A. & K. Prantl, Die natiirl. Pflan- zenfam. IV (5). Leipzig. Merxmiller, H. 1967. Asteraceae. Prodr. Fl. Siidwestafrika 139: 1-185. Merxmiuller, H. et al. 1977. Inuleae - systematic review. In: Heywood, V.H., Harborme, J.B. & B.L. Turner (eds.), The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae I. Academic Press; London, New York, San Francisco. Norlindh, T. 1977. Arctoteae - systematic review. In: Heywood, V.H., Harborne, J.B. & B.L. Turner (eds.), The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae II. Academic Press; London, New York, San Francisco. Robinson, H. and R.D. Brettell 1973. Tribal revisions in the Asteraceae. VIII. Arctotideae. Phytologia 26: 78-80. Roessler, H. 1959. Revision der Arctotideae-Gorteriinae (Compositae). Mitt Bot. Staatssamml. Miinchen 3: 71-500. Rourke, J.P. 1974. Dymondia margaretae, a notable ground cover. J. Bot. Soc. S. Afr. 60: 30-33. Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 Fig . 1. Dymondia margaretae. - Microsporangial conditions (A - D), macro- sporogenesis (E - G), embryo sac development (H - N). A. Four wall-layers; sporogenous tissue. - B: Middle layer is degenerating; many- nucleate tapetal cells gradually losing their cell-membranes; microspore tetrads. - C: Developing periplasmodium among young pollen grains. - D: Epidermis, en- dothecium; pollen grains with spines; no periplasmodium left. - E: Macrospore mother cell. - F: Dyad stage. - G: Tetrad stage. - H: 1-nucleate embryo sac; dege- nerating macrospores; nucellar epidermis. - J, K: 4-nucleate embryo sac stage. - L: 4-nucleate embryo sac with nuclei in division. - M: 8-nucleate embryo sac; three 1-nucleate antipodes. - N: Embryo sac with integumentary tapetum; polar nuclei fused; antipodes 1-nucleate. Fig. 2. Cullumia squarrosa. - A: Macrospore mother cell. - B: Macrospore mother cell; heterotypic division, metaphase; potential macrospore mother cells. - C: Functioning macrospore mother cell of a degenerating linear tetrad. - D: Old embryo sac stage with decomposing synergids; the integumentary tape- tum with two cell-layers chalazally. Fig. 3. Didelta carnosa. - A: Macrospore mother cell. - B: Dyad stage. - C: Linear tetrad. - D: Tetrad stage; the basal macrospore functioning. - E: Organized em- bryo sac; polar nuclei fused. - F: Old embryo sac stage; antipode cells degenera- ting; slender mucilaginous cells of one side of the micropylar canal. Fig. 4. Heterolepis aliena (A - E) and H. peduncularis (F - L). - A, F: Macrospore mother cell. - B: Metaphase of the heterotypic division of the macrospore mother cell. - G: Dyad stage. - C, H: 2-nucleate dyad cells; no cell- wall formation after the homotypic division of the meiosis. - D, E, I: 2-nucleate embryo sac formed from the basal dyad cell; the upper dyad cell degenerating. - J, K: 2-nucleate embryo sac enlarging with vacuolization. - L: 4-nucleate embryo sac Stage. Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 oa = ¥ marge - aN sae oy PRN AG Atal bith Sacls: as Ti ee Fig. 1 Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 Fig, 2 Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 Fig. 3 Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 10 we = 8 Le et Se Sos Pte Se yew ast agyst'! , we Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 NEW COMBINATIONS AND NOTES IN COMPOSITAE (VERNONIEAE, INULEAE S.L. AND HELIANTHEAE) Mesfin Tadesse National Herbarium, Department of Biology Addis Abeba University, P.O. Box 3434 Addis Abeba Ethiopia Abstract The following new combinations are proposed: Distephanus plumosus (O. Hoffm.) Mesfin, comb. nov. (Vernonieae), Pseudognaphalium petitianum (A. Rich.)Mesfin, comb. nov., Helichrysum forskahlii (J.F. Gmel.) Hilliard & Burtt var. compactum (Vatke) Mesfin, comb. nov. and Helichrysum formosissimum (Sch.Bip.) A. Rich. var. guilelmii (Engl.) Mesfin, comb. et stat.nov. (Inuleae s.1.). New synonymies are provided in Pulicaria Gaertn. (Inuleae) and Guizotia (Heli- antheae). A few selected specimens are also cited for some of the taxa mentioned. Distephanus Cass. (Vernonieae) The genus Distephanus was resurrected by Robinson and Kahn (1986) to acco- modate those species from the islands in the western Indian Ocean and from East & Central Africa with yellow flowers and trinervate leaves that were, earlier on, kept in Vernonia. Gongrothamnus Steetz ex Peters which was reduced to synony- my under Vernonia (Brown 1909) was transferred and made a synonym under Distephanus. The following taxon was not studied by Robinson and Kahn (1986) and, as it was found to possess many of the characters of Distephanus, the trans- fer from Gongrothamnus is duly made here. Distephanus plumosus (O. Hoffm.) Mesfin, comb.nov. Basionym: Gongrothamnus plumosus O. Hoffm. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 38: 206 (1906), Fig. 4. Type: Ethiopia, Boran, Koron, May 1901, Ellenbeck 2244 (Bj, syntype), Tarro Gumbi, April 1901, Ellenbeck 2070 (Bf, syntype), 1350-1500m, Arussi-Galla, Webi Maua, March 1901, Ellenbeck 1989* (Bt, syntype). This is a woody shrub to 1.5 m high with brittle stems and branches. The leaves are slightly fleshy and distinctly 3-nerved from near the base. The flowers are 11 12 Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 bright orange to yellow. The pollen grains (Fig.1) are 33.9-38.8 um in diameter and are + similar to those described as ’type A’ by Keeley and Jones (1979) and those given as Figures 3 and 4 by Robinson and Kahn (1986). Distribution: Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya. Specimens: Somalia, 21 km N of Bardera on Garba Harte road, 14 June 1983, Gillett & Hemming 24744 (EA). Ethiopia, Sidamo, 67 km E of Filtu, 10 June 1986, Gilbert, Sebsebe & Vollesen 8116 (ETH, K), Petelin s.n. (ETH); on Filtu- Bokol Mayo road, 7 May 1987, Puff, Igersheim, Sebsebe & Ensermu 870507-2/9 (ETH). Kenya, Lag Ola, 23 May 1952, Gillett 13277 (K); Musi, 30 June 1951, Kirika 119 (K). Pseudognaphalium Kirpichnikovy (Inuleae) A. Richard (1848) listed five names and Cufodontis (1966) seven under Gnapha- lium L. In a revision of generic concepts in Gnaphaliinae, Hilliard & Burtt (1981: 202) provided the characters that differentiate Pseudognaphalium from Gnapha- lium L. and Helichrysum Mill. and transferred four of the names in Gnaphalium to Pseudognaphalium. Two of the names in Gnaphalium were also transferred to Helichrysum. One name, G. petitianum A. Rich., remained, however, probably owing to the paucity of the available specimens. A. Richard (1848: 430) wrote that this taxon is different from the other species in having lanceolate and decur- rent leaves and more numerous female florets. Recent collections (Sue et al. 70, and Mesfin 8436) confirmed the existence of this species in montane woodlands in Central and Northern Ethiopia. The female florets are 18-22 and the her- maphrodite florets 2-3. Pseudognaphalium petitianum (A. Rich.) Mesfin, comb.noy. Basionym: Gnaphalium petitianum A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1:429 (1848). Types: Ethiopia, Ouodgerate, Petit s.n. (P, syntype), between Mayegouagua and Debre Sina, Petit s.n. (P, syntype). This species was listed as a synonym of Helichrysum odoratissimum by Cufodon- tis (1966), but has a different floret ratio. Distribution: Known only from Ethiopia. Specimens: Ethiopia, Choa, [= Shewa], 1862, Petit sn.n. (K); Shewa, Gorobela, 5 June 1982, Sue, Edwards & Class 70 (ETH); Tigray, 14 km on Maychew-Mekelle road, 20 Oct. 1991, Mesfin 8436 (ETH, K). Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 Helichrysum Mill. (Inuleae) Hilliard & Burtt (1980) provided the correct name and the taxonomic position of H. fruticosum Vatke (1875). A variety recognized under this illegitimate name by Vatke (loc. cit.) is here transferred to its correct position. H. forskahlii (J.F. Gmel.) Hilliard & Burtt (1980) var. compactum (Vatke) Mes- fin, comb. nov. Basionym: H. fruticosum Vatke var. compactum Vatke (1875). Type: Ethiopia, Mt. Gunna, 1863-8, Schimper 1426 (Bj holo.; K! W! isotypes). Distribution: Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania. Selected specimens from Ethiopia: Gonder, Semien, Chenek, 25 Nov. 1952, Scott 284 (K); above Lori, 28 Nov. 1952, Scott 279 (K); Mt. Jesus Tabor, 22 March 1937, Pichi-Sermolli 981 (K); Gojam, Mt. Birhan, 21 August 1957, Evans & Hillier 579 (ETH, K); Shewa, Wechecha, 20 Nov. 1954, Mooney 6363 (K); nr. Addis Abeba, 1965, Wright in Mooney 6710 (K); Arsi, Mt. Borulucco, 2 Dec. 1965, W. de Wilde 9063 (ETH, K), 27 Nov. 1966, Gilbert 127 (ETH, K); Mt. Chilalo, 21 Dec. 1953, Mooney 5210 (ETH, K); Nov. 1926, Scott s.n. (K); 35 km E of Assela, 12 Jan. 1974, Ash 2338 (K); Bale, Tullu Deemtu, 13 Oct. 1988, Friis, Michelsen & Sebsebe 5500 (ETH, K); Nov. 1973, Hedberg 5614 (ETH, K); Rira, 20 Dec. 1959, Mooney 8347 (ETH, K); 5 Nov. 1971, Sue Gilbert 68 (ETH, K); 24 km on Goba-Dello Menna road, 6 Nov. 1988, Friis, Michelsen & Sebsebe 5745 (ETH, K); 31 km on Goba-Masslo road, 24 Oct. 1984, Friis, Gilbert & Vollesen 3402 (ETH, K); Harerge, Gara Mulletta, 24 Nov. 1962, Burger 2387 (K); Sidamo, Mt. Dello, 27 Jan. 1953, Gillett 14955 (K); 8 km SE of Wondo, 21 Oct. 1965, W.de Wilde 8366 (K); Mt. Damota, Nov. 1948, Scott 78 (K); Gamo Gofa, Doko valley, 1968, Mulvany 13 (K); Gughe Highlands, Mt. Tola, 15 Dec. 1948, Scott 143 (K). Helichrysum formosissimum (Sch. Bip.) A. Rich. In a note on the "Helichrysum formosissimum group" in the Afroalpine flora of tropical Africa, Hedberg (1957:347-348) wrote that "... the 10 species described in this group have been reduced to 2 taxa, Helichrysum formosissimum and H. guilelmii" and also stated that "... although they are treated here as distinct species it might perhaps be equally justifiable to reduce them to subspecies." While studying the Ethiopian material of H. formosissimum, a few specimens that shared the stem and foliar features of those in East Africa and known as H. guilelmii Engl. were encountered. All available material from the entire range of distribu- tion of the "group" was later studied. Particular attention was paid to leaf size, shape, pubescence and stem height and pubescence. The variation in these features was found to be continuous both along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients. A few specimens with the characteristic features of H. guilelmii (e.g., Mooney 8346, Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 Bale, above Rira, 3800 m, on steep much burnt and grazed slope in Erica scrub, c. 20-30 cm high; Friis, Michelsen & Sebsebe 5698, Bale, 34 km N of Rira, 3300 m, to 1.5 m high) in the same general area as those with the characters of H. formosissimum (e.g., Mooney 8363, Bale, Rira, 3260 m, in marshy ground, 1.5 m high; Friis, Gilbert & Vollesen 3625, Bale, 58 km on Dello Menna-Goba road, 3300 m; Hedberg 5573, Bale, nr. Garba Guracha, 3950 m) were encountered. The distinguishing features between H. formosissimum (leaves scabrid with numerous stiff and glandular hairs, sometimes also thinly arachnoid) and H. guilelmii (leaves thinly arachnoid sometimes with few glandular hairs above, densely woolly tomentose beneath) are too few and trivial to warrant their recognition as separate species. Hence, H. guilelmii is reduced to a variety of H. formosissimum. H. formosissimum (Sch. Bip.) A. Rich. var. guilelmii (Engl.) Mesfin, comb. et Stat. nov. Basionym: H. guilelmii Engl. (1892). Type: Tanzania, Kilimanjaro, above Kilosho, Volkens 1556 (K, lectotype, selected by Hedberg 1957: 215). Distribution: Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Selected specimens. Ethiopia: Bale, 4 Nov. 1988, Friis, Michelsen & Sebsebe Demissew 5689 (ETH, K); 19 Dec. 1959, Mooney 8346 (K), 30 Oct. 1973, Hedberg 5573 (ETH, K); 29 Dec. 1989, Mesfin Tadesse 7782 (ETH), 26-28 Dec. 1990, Mesfin T., Lisanweork & Berhanu 8128 and 8149 (ETH); Arsi, 1975, Thomerson 551 (ETH); Gamo Gofa, 23 Dec. 1948, Scott 162 and 148 (K). Tanzania, 9 Nov. 1968, Bigger 2302 (ETH, K). Uganda, 14 Nov. 1961, Kerfoot 1172 (K). Kenya, 23 Dec. 1970, Tweedie 2346 (K). Pulicaria Gaertn. (Inuleae) In a review of the Inuleae for the Flora of China, Ling (1965) placed Vicoa Cass. (1829) in the synonymy of Pentanema Cass. (1818) and gave V. auriculata Cass. as a synonym of Pentanema indicum (L.) Ling. Oliver and Hiern (1877) descri- bed V. divaricata Oliv. & Hiern from specimens collected in northern Ethiopia. Examination of the holotype of V. divaricata revealed that it rather belongs to Pulicaria Gaertn. In the revision of the genus Pulicaria by E. Gamal-Eldin (1981) its correct systematic position was not pointed out, although the isotype of V. divaricata (from W) is cited under P. petiolaris Jaub. & Sp. (Gamal-Eldin 1981: 186) in the list of specimens studied from Ethiopia. Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 P. petiolaris Jaub. & Sp., Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 69, tab. 344 (1852). Type: Arabia, Yemen, Botta s.n. (P, holo.) Syn.: Vicoa divaricata Oliv. & Hiern, Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 362 (1877), syn. nov. Type: Ethiopia, Eritrea, Ailet, 1820-1826, Ehrenberg s.n. (K, holo.!; W iso. n.v.). Distribution: Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen. Guizotia Cass. (Heliantheae) Guizotia scabra (Vis.) Chiov. Siegesbeckia somalensis S. Moore, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 342 (1902), syn. nov. Type: Somalia, Sheik Mahomet, 30 Oct. 1894, Donaldson-Smith 226 (BM, ho- lo.!). The shape of the corolla and cypsela and their pubescence in the holotype is that of Guizotia and not Siegesbeckia. The holotype of S. somalensis is referable to G. scabra subsp. schimperi (Sch. Bip.) J. Baagoe but since cytogenetic studies are currently underway on the genus (Kifle Dagne, University of Lund & Addis Abe- ba University, personal communication), the infraspecific placement of the taxon is deferred until a later time. Acknowledgements The research grant was obtained from SAREC (Sweden) through the Ethiopian Flora Project. The Keepers and Curators of the herbaria mentioned are gratefully acknowledged. I also thank Mrs. M. Harley and Mr. K. Duffy of the Palynology Unit (Kew) for the pollen preparations shown in Figure 1. References Brown, N.E. 1909. List of plants collected in Ngamiland and northern part of the Kalahari Desert, chiefly in the neighbourhood of Kwebe and along the Bot- lette and Lake rivers. Kew. Bull. Misc. Inf. 1909: 89-146. Cufondontis, G. 1966. Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae. Spermatophyta. Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat. 36, Suppl. 1091-1114. Gamal-Eldin, E. 1981. Revision der Gattung Pulicaria (Compositae-Inuleae) fiir Afrika, Makaronesien and Arabien. Phanerogamarum monographiae 14. Vaduz. Hedberg, O. 1957. Afroalpine Vascular Plants, a Taxonomic Revision. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 15(1): 1-411, + pl. 1-12. Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 Hilliard, O.M. and B.L. Burtt 1980. Helichrysum fruticosum: its correct name and taxonomic status. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 38(1): 145-148. Hilliard, O.M. and B.L. Burtt 1981. Some generic concepts in Compositae- Gnaphaliinae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 82: 181-232. Keeley, S. and S.B. Jones 1979. Distribution of pollen types in Vernonia (Com- positae). Systematic Botany 4: 195-202. Ling, Y. 1965. Notulae de Nonnulus generibus tribus Inulearum familiae Com- positarum Florae Sinicae. Acta Phytotax. Sinica 10(2): 167-181. Oliver, D. and W.D. Hiern 1877. Compositae. In: Oliver, D. (ed.), Flora of Tro- pical Africa, Vol. 3: 253-416. Richard, A. 1848. Tentamen Florae Abyssinicae, I. Paris. Robinson, H. and B. Kahn 1986. Trinervate leaves, yellow flowers, tailed anthers, and pollen variation in Distephanus Cass. (Vernonieae-Asteraceae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 99(3): 493-501. Fig. 1. Scanning electron micrographs of pollen grains of Distephanus plumosus. A-B: Apertural view. C: Polar view. D: Tectum perforation and spine bases. Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 il7/ Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 CHEMOTAXONOMY OF ARTEMISIA L. Ling Yeou-ruenn South China Institute of Botany Academia Sinica Guangzhou - 510650, P. R. China Abstract Having researched the classification of Artemisia L. (Compositae) of China* and guided the group** to deal with the phytochemistry (essential oils) of the genus, the author shows that the chemical constituents of essential oils are related to the classification of the genus. Generally speaking, monoterpenoids dominate in the more primitive sections, whereas sesquiterpenoids and aromatic compounds pre- vail in the more advanced sections of the genus. Material Analyses were made of 171 plant samples, representing 64 species, incl. varieties, of Artemisia. Of these, 47 species belong to five sections of subgenus Artemisia, and 17 species are from two sections of subgenus Dracunculus (Bess.) Peterm. (Table 1). Table 1. Species of Artemisia* analysed for essential oils** Subgen, I. Artemisia Sect.1). Absinthium DC. Ser. 1. Sieversianae (Kitam.) Y. R. Ling -- A. macrocephala Jacq. ex Bess. and A. sieversiana Ehrh. ex Willd. * For classification and distribution of the genus, see author’s Flora RPS 76(2) and articles in Bull. Bot. Res. 4(4): 1-60, 1982, & 8(4): 1-61, 1988. ** Project supported by National Science Foundation of China; the chemical analysts are B. L. Li, L. F. Zhu, B. Y. Lu and Y. J. Lo and the associates for the collection of plants are L. H. Xia, L. Jiang, X. Xion and H. G. Ye. Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 Ser. 2. Absinthium Y.R. Ling - - A. frigida Willd. Ser. 3. Xerophyticae Y.R. Ling -- A. xerophytica Krasch. Ser. 4. Anethifoliae Poljak. -- A. fauriei Nakai, A. anethifolia Web. ex Stechm. and A. anethoides Matt. Sect. 2). Abrotanum Bess. Ser. 1. Ponticae Poljak. -- A. aksaiensis Y.R. Ling. Ser. 2. Pectinatae Kitam. -- A. sacrorum Ledeb. and A. vestita Wall. ex Bess. Ser. 3. Annuae (Rydb.) Poljak. -- A. annua L. Ser. 4. Hedinianae Y.R. Ling -- A. hedinii Ostenf. & Pauls. ex S. Hedin. Ser. 5. Auratae Poljak. -- A. palustris L. Sect. 3). Artemisia Ser. 1. Umbrosae (Pamp.) Y. R. Ling -- A. stolonifera (Maxim.) Komar. and A. argyi Levl. & Van. Ser. 2. Codonocephalae (Pamp.) Y. R. Ling -- A. lavandulaefolia DC. and A. verlotorum Lamotte. Ser. 3. Velutinae Y.R. Ling -- A. calophylla Pamp. Ser. 4. Microcephalae (Kitam.) Y. R. Ling -- A. lancea Van. Ser. 5. Artemisia -- A. vulgaris L., A. yunnanensis J. F. Jeffrey ex Diels, A. roxburghiana Bess. incl. var. purpurascens (Jacq. ex Bess.) Hook. f., A. leucophylla (Turcz. ex Bess.) C. B. Clarke, A. robusta (Pamp.) Ling & Y.R. Ling, A. ginlingensis Ling & Y.R. Ling, A. phyllobotrys (Hand.-Mazz.) Ling & Y. R. Ling, A. mongolica (Fisch. ex Bess.) Nakai, A. rubripes Nakai, A. indica Willd. and A. princeps Pamp. Ser. 6. gniariae (Pamp.) Y. R. Ling -- A. integrifolia L., A. subulata Nakai and A. brachyphylla Kitam. Ser. 7. Moorcroftianae (Pamp.) Y. R. Ling -- A. moorcroftiana Wall. ex DC. and A. abaensis Y.R. Ling & Z. Y. Zhao. Ser. 8. Serpens (Kitam.) Y. R. Ling -- A. speciosa (Pamp.) Ling & Y.R. Ling and A. kawakamii Hayata. Ser. 9. Selengenses (Pamp.) Y. R. Ling -- A. selengensis Turcz. ex Bess. Ser. 10. Silvaticae Poljak. -- A. sylvatica Maxim. 20 Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 Sect. 4). Viscidipubes Y. R. Ling Ser. 1. Viscidipubescentes Y.R. Ling -- A. occidentali-sichuanensis Y.R. Ling & Z. Y. Zhao. Ser. 2. Pleiocephalae Y. R. Ling -- A. atrovirens Hand.-Mazz., A. simulens Pamp. and A. myriantha Wall. ex. Bess. incl. var. pleiocephala (Pamp.) Y.R. Ling. Sect. 5). Albibractea Y. R. Ling Ser. 1. Albibracteanae Y.R. Ling -- A. lactiflora Wall. ex DC. Ser. 2. Anomalae (Kitam.) Y. R. Ling -- A. anomala S. Moore. r B Peterm Sect. 6) Dracunculus Bess. Ser. 1. Sphaerocephalae Krasch. -- A. sphaerocephala Krasch. and A. halodendron Turcz. ex Bess. Ser. 2. Psammophilae Poljak. -- A. songarica Schrenk, A. ordosica Krasch., A. waltonii J. R. Drumm. ex Pamp. and A. gyangzeensis Ling a NR Ling. Ser. 3. Pubescentes Krasch. -- A. pubescens Ledeb. and A. capillaris Thunb. Ser. 4. Scopariae Krasch. -- A. scoparia Waldst. & Kit. and A. edgeworthii Balakr. Sect. 7). Latilobus Y. R. Ling Ser. 1. Depauperatae Y.R. Ling -- A. desertorum Spreng. Ser. 2. Japonicae Krasch. -- A. manshurica (Komar.) Komar. ex Komar. & Alis., A. japonica Thunb. and A. parviflora Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. Ser. 3. Subdigitatae Krasch. -- A. dubia Wall. ex Bess. incl. var. subdigitata (Mattf.) Y. R. Ling. Ser. 4. Giraldianae Y.R. Ling -- A. giraldii Pamp. Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 Results Table 2 summarizes the occurrence of the different categories of essential oils found in the present investigation. Table 2. The chemical constituents of essential oils in Artemisia L., in % (by B. L. Li) ; ‘d sesquiter- monoterpenoids penoids aromatic Sections and Series mono. | MOHO="| sesqui | SeSdul-" || com- terpenes| 'TPEM® |terpenes| ferPene | pounds oxides oxides Sect. Absinthium DC. Sect. Abrotanum Bess. Sect. Artemisia Sect. Viscidipubes Y.R. Ling Sect. Albibractea Subgen. Artemisia Ser. Sphaerocephalae 3 = S = S S Q a Q 0) n Ser. Subdigitatae Krasch. Subgen. Dracunculus (Bess.) Peterm. Sect. Latilobus Ser. Giraldianae Y.R. Ling 21 22 Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 The monoterpenoids found in sections Absinthium, Abrotanum and Artemisia are 1,8-cineole, a-thujone, camphor, borneol, terpine-4-01, artemisia ketone, piperi- tone, sabinol etc. Sesquiterpenoids found in sections Viscidipubes and Albibractea include B-cary- ophyllene, B—farnesene (z), B-cadinene, y-selinene, B-cubebene, a—-curcumene and zingiberene, as well as some unidentified sesquiterpenes. In subgenus Dracunculus, especially in species from the series Sphaerocephalae, Psammophilae and Giraldianae, where aromatic compounds prevail, we found e.g. capillene, capillone, eugenol, methyl eugenol, elemicin and a few unidentifi- ed oxygen aromatic compounds. Besides, o-bisabolol and a-bisabolol oxide were found in the former two series. In the series Pubescentes, Scopariae and Subdigitatae both sesquiterpene oxides and aromatic compounds occur. Only series Japonicae is an exception with less content of aromatic compounds. Discussion In subgenus Artemisia the monoterpenoids, particularly monoterpene oxides, are usually dominating in the primitive sect. Absinthium and in the likewise primiti- ve, but more actively evolving sect. Abrotanum, and also in the more median sect. Artemisia. Sesquiterpenoids, including both sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene oxides, are often found in the median sections Viscidipubes and Albibractea, together with some mono- terpene oxides. The advanced sections Dracunculus and Latilobus, belonging to subgenus Dra- cunculus, mainly contain aromatic compounds and sesquiterpene oxides, whereas sesquiterpenes and monoterpene oxides occur in usually smaller, but varying amounts. See further Table 2. Thus there is a correlation between classification and phytochemistry in Artemi- sia, inasmuch as the evolution from primitive to advanced sections of the genus is parallelled by a phytochemical evolution from monoterpenoids to sesquiterpeno- ids and aromatic compounds. It is not surprising that the genus Artemisia, with its varied and complicated che- mical constituents, is used medicinally and farmaceutically. Most species of the genus are good for antiphlogistic drugs, curing various infectious and contagious diseases and some even have anti-cancer properties. A. argyi Levl. & Van. can be used against cholera, and A. annua L. is well-known for antifebrile, detoxifying antipyretic drugs curing malaria and fever. A. capillaris Thunb. and A. scoparia Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 Waldst. & Kit. are well used for detoxifying drugs in curing hepatitis, cholecysti- tis or urosis, and hepatic cirrhosia. 23 24 Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 STUDIES OF EMILIA (COMPOSITAE: SENECIONEAE) IN WEST AFRICA M.A. Isawumi Natural History Museum Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria Abstract Morphologically, the three species of Emilia have some distinctness. The majority of the qualitative and quantitative attributes of E. praetermissa show intermediacy between those of E. sonchifolia and E. coccinea. Introduction Emilia Cass. is in the tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) and has about 30 species which are mainly Paleotropical with a few naturalized ones in the Neotropics (Garabedian 1924, Nordenstam 1977). Three species have so far been recor- ded to occur in West Africa (Baldwin and Speese 1949, Milne-Redhead 1951, Hutchinson and Dalziel 1963, Olorode and Olorunfemi 1973, Olorode 1973). Olorode and Olorunfemi (1973) have successfully proved that an interspecific hybrid obtained between Emilia coccinea (Sims) G. Don and E. sonchifolia (L.) DC. if artificially polyploidized will result in an allotetraploid, which is morpho- logically similar to E. praetermissa Milne-Readhead. However the two putative parents have been found to be reproductively isolated because of their distinct ecological preferences and because of the structural differences between their genomes (Olorode and Olorunfemi 1973). There is no known evidence of na- tural hybridization between the two species, E. coccinea and E. sonchifolia. The purpose of this paper is to show the morphological distinctness of the three species with regard to the vegetative and floral structures. Material and Methods Specimens of the three species were collected from different locations in Nigeria and used for the investigation. The specimens of the species lodged in the herba- rium of the Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (IFE) were also used. The florets were dissected and the anthers, styles and corolla lobes were mounted in Hoyer’s solution (King and Robinson 1970) before viewing them under the microscope. Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 Observations Vegetative morphology Table 1 summarizes some basic morphological characteristics of each of the three species of Emilia in West Africa. The habitat preferences of E. sonchifolia and E. coccinea do not overlap, but E. praetermissa thrives in xeric, wet and intermediate habitats. In fact E. praetermissa sometimes grows close to, or a few metres from each of the two other species. E. sonchifolia is an erect annual herb, 30 cm tall, with deeply lobed leaves. E. coccinea is a scandent perennial about 90 - 120 cm tall. E. praetermissa is an erect perennial herb with an intermediate height of about 60 cm. Floral morphology Table 2 clearly summarizes quantitative attributes of each of the three species. In most of the attributes, E. praetermissa has intermediate scores. HEAD - The heads of the three species are terminal and paniculate with E. prae- termissa having the largest size, 14.4 x 5.3 mm (Table 2). INVOLUCRE - Involucral bracts I-seriate in the three species with E. coccinea having the highest number of bracts, viz. 12 (Table 2). The bracts are pubescent towards the apex and papillate apically. COROLLA - The corollas of the three species are tubular basally, widening to- wards the apex, glabrous, 5-lobed; lobe without a distinct medvein but with two distinct lateral veins, apically papillate (Fig. 4). STYLE - Style bifurcate in the three species; style branches flattened, dorsally glabrous in all, apically usually truncate with scanty hirsute papillae in E. coccinea (Fig. 1). The other two species have apically sub-conical hirsute papillate appen- dages (Fig. 2); E. praetermissa has intermediate arm length (Table 2). Stigmatic lines ventro-marginal, fused to a continuous stigmatic area in the three species. STYLE BASE - Style base in all species swollen, placed on top of a nectary formed by the stylopodium (Fig. 5); cells of the style base are longitudinally arranged (Fig. 6) as well as those of the nectary. ANTHER - Anthers basally sagittate; apical appendages oblong, obtuse at apex, with the cells having thickenings on vertical walls and the marginal cells larger that: the inner ones; endothecial cells elongate with thickenings on vertical walls; filament collar cylindrical but dilated basally with cells having thickenings at the 25 26 Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 comers (Fig. 3); filament collar number of rows is highest in E. coccinea (Fig. 3; Table 2). E. praetermissa has intermediate anther appendage size of 156 x 41 um (Table 2). ACHENE - Achenes brownish, terete, 5-costate, pubescent on the ribs (Fig. 7); achene hairs duplex with spiral thickenings, acute at tips, with one basal cell not- ched at the side (Figs. 8 - 10); pappus caducous, uniseriate, barbellate, white (Fig. Ey. Discussion E. coccinea and E. sonchifolia are diploid with 2n = 10 chromosomes (Olorode and Olorunfemi 1973, Olorode 1973, Baldwin and Speese 1949, Milne-Redhead 1951, Hutchinson and Dalziel 1963). The artificial tetraploid hybrid from E. son- chifolia and E. coccinea is similar to E. praetermissa with respect to its karyotypes and its meiotic behaviours (Olorode and Olorunfemi 1973). Both floral and vege- tative attributes of E. praetermissa appear to be intermediate between those of the other two species (Tables 1 & 2). Morphological and cytogenetic evidence suggest that E. praetermissa originated from the hybrid obtained from the two diploid species. Similarly, it could be in- ferred that the two diploid species evolved from a common ancestor which is now extinct. Taxonomically, the three species are distinct (Tables 1 & 2) in spite of the artifi- cial hybridization between the two diploid species. The most easily observable morphological distinction for the species is found in the leaf margin type (Table 1). Acknowledgements I thank Mr. J. O. Olaleye of the Natural History Museum, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria, for the illustrations. References Baldwin, J.T. and B.M. Speese 1949. Cytogeography of Emilia in West Africa. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 76: 346-351. Garabedian, S. 1924. A revision of Emilia. Bull. misc. Inf. R. Bot. Gds. Kew, 1924: 137-144. Hutchinson, J. and J.M. Dalziel 1963. Flora of Tropical West Africa, vol. 2. London. King, R.M. and H. Robinson 1970. The new synantherology. Taxon 19: 6-10. Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 Milne-Redhead, E. 1951. E. praetermissa. Kew. Bull. 5: 375-376. Nordenstam, B. 1977. Senecioneae and Liabeae - systematic review. In: Heywo- od, V. H., Harborne, J.B. and B.L. Turner (eds.), The Biology and Chemi- stry of the Compositae. Vol. II: 799-830. Olorode, O. 1973. Meiotic studies on diploid hybrids beween Emilia sonchifolia and E. coccinea (Compositae). Cytologia 38: 725-729. Olorode, O. and A.E. Olorunfemi 1973. The hybrid origin of Emilia praeter- missa (Senecioneae: Compositae). Ann. Bot. 37: 185-191. FIGURE LEGENDS Emilia coccinea - Figs. 1, 4, 6, 9. 1 - Style branches apically truncate with scanty hirsute papillae; 4 - Corolla lobe apically papillate; 6 - Style base; 9 - Achene hairs duplex with spiral thickenings. E. praetermissa - Figs. 2, 3,5, 7,8, 11. 2- Style branches apically sub-conical with hirsute papillate appendages; 3 - Anther with oblong apical appendage; endothecial cells and filament collar; 5 - Nectary with style base on top; 7 - Achene pubescent on the ribs; 8 - Achene hairs duplex with spiral thickenings; 11 - Pappus seta barbellate. E. sonchifolia - Fig. 10. Achene hairs duplex with spiral thickenings. 2 Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 a oH le 1b SN Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 Table 1. Qualitative attributes of the three species of Emilia Leaf Floret Margin Colour E. sonchifolia Dry, stony; open area Purple E. coccinea Wet to water- Yellow logged; shaded area E. praetermissa Dry, wet or Flesh-coloured, waterlogged; cream white (with shade or or without purple open area tinge); rarely purple Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 30 6-8 mailoss 6L(69)6S | vEPr(S6E)LSE 66LI(SSOT)816 | PSSIUatavad “J 6-S9 San ee pAT9)6S | 9ODE(T8Z)SSZ ZZII(6E01)9S6 | pauyso09 “3 9-¢ 8'0-S0 ead 6s(sp)te | 90€(gsz)60z OEH(LLO6IE ee Ww (wu) yipesiq (wim) y3ud] Ie[]Oo u3ug] IeyjOo (wml) so1seds we aJAIS JUSUIPL] JUOWIE]I] ysue] JoyUY *P.dUOD) 7 PGB L Or(1H)9E | ILICOST)OFI Or | ESE(LSEOOE! PEM OE IVL(ES)S py] LSI rDEl 6919) PS | P6I(ELIEST Ezts THE(POTIIT IT ABV! LIS pyr} ESMEDT II Z8(7L)99 vane O€Z(ELDOFI ITEVHET| SETHE | SSI TIT psstulsajavad “J pau19909 "J €£(67)9T pyofiyouos "J iy) ppeosq (wil) (wir) (wu) (wu!) osep yIsud] wysu9] Irey ysud] ypeaiq sarsads -uodde osepuodde qudyoy quoyoy peoH JoyUy JoyUYy DYMUFT JO SAIDIdS 99.14) IY} JO S9INQIyVe 9ARWWUeNY *7 IIGeL Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 FLORA ZAMBESIACA: FIRST PART OF THE COMPOSITAE PUBLISHED Volume 6(1) 1992, 264 pages, 47 line drawings, (paperback) ISBN 0 947643 49 4, Price £24.00. Copies are obtainable from the Secretary, Flora Zambesiaca, Royal Botanic Gar- dens,Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, England. The Compositae of the Flora Zambesiaca area (comprising some 129 genera with appprox. 722 spp.) are to be published in volume 6 of this Flora. This volume will appear in 3 parts, and part 1 containing the tribes Mutisieae, Cardueae, Verno- nieae, Lactuceae and Arctotideae has now been published. Flora Zambesiaca is a comprehensive illustrated descriptive account of the native and naturalised flowering plants and ferns of the floristic area which approxima- tes the Zambezi River drainage system in south central Africa (Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Caprivi Strip). It provides keys, synonymy and relevant bibliography for all taxa, as well as brief citations of exsiccatae sum- marizing local distribution. A generalized summary of overall distribution and habitat is also given. Line drawings illustrate at least one species per genus and each volume contains an index to all botanical names. The five tribes treated belong (together with the Neotropical Liabeae) to the pro- bably paraphyletic subfamily Lactucoideae. The controversial and much debated genera Tarchonanthus and Brachylaena are here included in the Mutisieae. By far the largest genus in this volume is Vernonia with 124 species. The text is exact and solid, authoritatively written by Gerald V. Pope. Much is founded on earlier work on these tribes by the late Professor Hiram Wild, but recent relevant literature is also frequently cited. The volume is well illustrated by 47 full-page drawings. Most of them are execu- ted by Eleanor Catherine, some by M. Tebbs or V. Goaman, and they are all ex- cellent. This is a significant contribution to the knowledge of African Flora and to syn- antherology. The compact volume contains a wealth of up-to-date information at a comfortable price. Bertil Nordenstam 31 32 Comp. Newsl. 22, 1992 REQUESTS FOR MATERIAL: BARNADESIA AND TRIXIS Two doctoral dissertations on taxonomic revisions of Compositae genera have been initiated in La Plata, Argentina. Lic. Estrella Urtubey is working on the genus Barnadesia, formerly in the Mutisieae, but now in the Barnadesieae, and Liliana Katinas is working on Trixis of the Mutisieae. They request information on obtaining fresh leaf material and/or seeds of these genera. The address of both researchers is: Departamento Cientifico de Plantas Vasculares, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Paseo del Bosque, 1900 LA PLATA ARGENTINA bf ”