Ke .y he rd u “ 97 “) aed COMPOS ITAE G * NEWSLETTER Number 29 November 1996 Scientific Editor: Bertil Nordenstam Technical Editor: Gunnel Wirénius Nohlin Published and distributed by The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Phanerogamic Botany, P.O. Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden (Director: Professor Bertil Nordenstam) ISSN 0284-8422 LIBRARY JAN - 7 1997 NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN CONTENTS H.E. Robinson, V.A. Funk, J.F. Pruski & R.M. King: José Cuatrecasas Arumi (1903-1996) Tale bf M.A. Isawumi: Floral microcharacters and taxonomy of the genus Tithonia (Heliantheae: Asteraceae) in Nigeria 31 Rajni Gupta & K.G. Mukerji: Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Plants of Compositae: Occurrence, Identity and Significance 40 Bertil Nordenstam: New combinations in Ecuadorean Senecioneae AT Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 1 JOSE CUATRECASAS ARUMI (1903-1996) H. E. Robinson, V. A. Funk, J. F. Pruski & R. M. King Division of Synantherology, Department of Botany, MRC 166 Smithsonian Institution Washington D.C. 20560, U.S.A. mnhbo003@sivm.si.edu (VAF) José Cuatrecasas died on May 23 1996, only about ten days after his last working visit to the U.S. National Herbarium. In his passing we at the Smithsonian have lost a fellow synantherologist, friend, and colleague. Don José worked right up until the end of his life, even in the hospital he continued to ask about preparations for the publication of his submitted manuscript on the Espeletiinae. In spite of his 93 years, Dr. Cuatrecasas’ health had been such that it did not seem unrealistic that he would be able to return to his studies and we all expected to see him back at work. This was clearly his intention as is evidenced by his publication this year of the “preliminary” key to Espeletiopsis. Don José, sometimes affectionately called Pepe, loved Botany and his warm nature was immediately apparent to all who knew him. He truly was a sweet, kind, and gentle man who was simultaneously proud of his accomplishments although very modest and humble. Staff and visitors in Botany, as well as in other departments, frequently visited him in his office. In fact, a stop in his office was very nearly part of the ritual of visiting the Smithsonian. He took obvious pleasure in showing them (and us) the wonderful plates of his Espeletiinae treatment and in ending such visits with a round of Guava paste for all. He humorously founded the School for Style Branches” graduating his only two ’’students” (R. M. King and the late Kittie Parker) ”Magna Cum Laude.” He was genuinely interested in our work and was always a source of encouragement. He surprised one of us with the remark ”I hear you are sinking one of my genera.... Bueno!”, showing an attitude that was infec- tious to all. He had nothing but warm words for all. Atypically, however, upon learning that Generalissimo Franco would not live out the day simply and slyly said to one of us ”I’ll have to call home and ask Martha to put the Champagne on ice.” His life was much influenced by politics, but this was a side of him that in later years would only occasionally surface. 2 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 The career of José Cuatrecasas extends from his birth, March. 19, 1903, in Campodrén (Gerona), Spain, in the foothills of the Pyrenees, through his studies in Barcelona and Madrid (1924-1931) partly under the direction of P. Font Quer, graduate work in Berlin (1930-31) where he knew Adolph Engler, Directorship of the Seccidn de Flora Tropical del Jardin Botanico de Madrid (1933-39), the years in Colombia (1939-47), in Chicago (1947-1955) to his years in Washington (1955- 1996). His early work included studies in Andalusia, early efforts at chemo- taxonomy, and cooperation with the efforts of Macbride to photograph classical type specimens in the herbarium in Madrid. In 1985 a story was told of the manner in which he left Spain which Dr. Cuatrecasas later told the senior author was incorrect. Actually, he had been on a trip to South America as part of the Loyalist government mission honoring a historical event in Colombia. His intentions had been purely botanical, but they were not seen that way by the Franco government that gained power in his absence. If he had not been warned before returning to Spain on his way through France, his botanical career might have ended almost 60 years ago. It was a time when his professor, P. Font Quer, was imprisoned and his colleagues, Faustino Miranda and Manuel Lopez-Figueiras, were arrested and driven from Spain. Return to Spain might have been possible during later decades of the Franco government, but Dr. Cuatrecasas did not choose revisit until after the government had changed. Dr. Cuatrecasas’ first publication was in 1924 and his last one is still in press. Over the years he published 262 papers (by our count), most of them single authored. For 73 years he published something nearly every year, missing only 1939, 1974, and 1983; an incredible accomplishment. All synantherologists should be aware of some of his non-asteraceous ac- complishments. These include the founding of Organization for Flora Neotropica; studies on the flora of Magina, Spain, published in the 1920’s; monographs of Hu- miriaceae, Brunelliaceae, and Theobroma; and his Prima Flora Colombiana, which includes important revisionary studies in Burseraceae and Malpighiaceae. Interest in Andean botany, that began while still in Spain, became the main thrust of the Cuatrecasas’ research. Earlier studies included Cecropia, Theobroma, and genera of the Bombacaceae, Brunelliaceae, Burseraceae, Rubiaceae, Sabaceae, Simaroubaceae, Solanaceae, Violaceae, and studies of Cunoniaceae, Humiriaceae, Malpighiaceae continued through the period when Dr. Cuatrecasas was con- centrating on the Asteraceae. The efforts in the Heliantheae subtribe Espeletiinae led to a completed manuscript that will be published on all the genera except Espeletiopsis. Work in the Senecioneae includes papers with Robinson and contin- nued with a paper still to be published with S. Didz-Piedrahita on Colombian Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 3 Pentacalia. Studies in the Astereae on Diplostephium and Oritrophium were also continuing at the time of Cuatrecasas’ death. Don José was an excellent photographer and his research files contain numerous photos, some on glass negatives, dating from his field work in Colombia in the 1930’s and 40’s. A selection of them with legends that he prepared were on display at the Montane Forest Symposium at the New York Botanical Garden, 1993. One of these is a cabin in the mountains made out of Espeletia (Figure 1). Currently the photos are on display in the Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Cuatrecasas received many honors in his long career, including festschrifts in Lazaroa, volume 5, 1983; in Flora Neotropica, Monograph, number 2, supplement, 1985; in Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Natu- rales, volume 17, 1989; the Cruz de Boyac4 awarded by the Colombian government, and the Gran Cruz de Alfonso X el Sabio by the Spanish government. Three additional tributes are found in Quercus 85: 16-18, 1993; Revista Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales 20: 167-170, 1996; and Lazaroa 16: 7-8, 1996. Dr. Cuatrecasas is an author or coauthor of two subtribes, Espeletiinae and Hinter- huberinae, and many genera of the Asteraceae: Blakiella, Floscaldasia, Flos- mutisia, Piofontia (= Diplostephium), Westoniella of the Astereae; Ascidiogyne, Ellenbergia of the Eupatorieae; Carramboa, Coespeletia, Espeletiopsis, Parami- flos, Ruilopezia, Tamania, Thelechitonia (= Sphagneticola) of the Heliantheae; Neocaldasia (= Gongylolepis) of the Mutisieae; and Arbelaezaster, Cabreriella, Dendrophorbium as section, Garcibarrigoa, Jessea, Paracalia, Paragynoxys, Ta- lamancalia of the Senecioneae. Also, he did important studies of other Aster- aceous genera, Baccharis, Hinterhubera, Llerasia, Loricaria, Mnioides, Philo- glossa, and Vernonia sect. Critoniopsis. A quick check of the Index Kewensis gives a list of 2391 records (novelties, his transfers, transfers by others based on his names, nomina novae) with Cuatrecasas in the author field of which an astounding 1307 are Compositae records. Few taxonomists can work in the family Compositae without making use of his work. At the time of the 1985 festschrift, Dr. Cuatrecasas was listed with B. L. Robinson, S. F. Blake, A. L. Cabrera, and H. Merxmiiller, as individuals who had made truly constructive and insightful contr- butions to the study of the Asteraceae in the first three quarters of this Century. 4 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 Dr. Cuatrecasas collected extensively and in areas that were difficult to reach. Over the years many new taxa have been described based on his collections. Eight genera have been named in honor of Don José in five families, Cuatresia A. T. Hunziker, Solanacaeae; Cuatrecasea Dugand, Palmae; Cuatrecasasiella H. Robinson, Cuatrecasanthus H. Robinson, Joseanthus H. Robinson, and Neo- cuatrecasia R. M. King & H. Robinson, all in the Asteraceae; Cuatrecasasio- dendron Standley & Steyermark, Rubiaceae; and Quadricasaea Woodson, Apo- cynaceae. At the time of the festschrift in 1985, a list was produced of species honoring Don José in Musci, Hepaticae, Pteridophyta, Asteraceae, Begoniaceae, Berberidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Cunoniaceae, Cyclanthaceae, Cyperaceae, Ericaceae, Gramineae, Guttiferae, Lauraceae, Legu- minosae, Melastomataceae, Myristicaceae, Palmae, Piperaceae, Rosaceae, Ru- biaceae, Sapotaceae, Sterculiaceae, Umbelliferae and Xyridaceae. Additonally, there are now species named for him in the following families: Acanthaceae, Ac- tinidiaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Arali- aceae, Asclepiadaceae, Brunelliaceae, Brassicaceae, Campanulaceae, Cap- paraceae, Chloranthaceae, Cistaceae, Convolvulaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Euphor- biaceae, Gentianaceae, Gunneraceae, Iridaceae, Lamiaceae, Malpighiaceae, Mal- vaceae, Menispermaceae, Moraceae, Onagraceae, Passifloraceae, Polygalaceae, Salicaceae, Saxifragaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Theaceae, Valeriana- ceae, Verbenaceae, Violaceae, Zingiberaceae. We have found over 150 epithets honoring Cuatrecasas and they take a variety of forms: cuatrecasae, cuatrecasana, cuatrecasasana, cuatrecasasanum, cuatrecasasi, Cuatrecasasiana, cuatrecasasii, cuatrecasatis, cuatrecasii, cuatrecazanum, josei, pepei, quadridomius, tetroici, and tetroicia. Tributes of this type will inevitably continue as the many collections by Cuatrecasas continue to be studied. The destruction of many localities since they were visited by him means that many of the Cuatrecasas collections will never be duplicated. Cuatrecasas’ extensive library has been given to the Botanical Garden in Barcelona and his files and travel descriptions to the Botanical Garden in Madrid. His re- search materials and photographs remain at the Smithsonian Institution. His wife Martha died in 1986. He is survived by two sons, Pedro, a medical re- searcher in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and Gil, an artist residing in Barcelona, Spain; a daughter, Teresa Rivera, a teacher living in San Francisco, California; seven grandchildren and three great grandchildren. His ashes are to be returned to Spain. His memorial service, held in Washington shortly after his death, ended with the words Farewell Don José, Farewell!” Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 5 Endowment Fund - The Smithsonian Institution is in the process of establishing an endowment fund to be named the “José Cuatrecasas Botanical Fund” that will honor Cuatrecasas’ lifelong work in botany. His research was devoted to sys- tematics and taxonomy, plant ecology, biogeography, and exploration and col- lecting, especially the family Asteraceae, in paramo and subparamo regions of An- dean South America, therefore, the fund will sponsor competitive botanical re- search in these areas through a biannual call for proposals. The proposals will be reviewed by a panel of scientists. The results of the funded projects will be dis- persed widely in the botanical and related communities. Those wishing to con- tribute to the fund or request additional information should contact the Chairman, Department of Botany, at the address listed above. DEGREES Pharm. Lic., Barcelona, 1923 Dr. Pharm., Madrid, 1928 (Thesis: Flora and vegetation of the Magina Mountains, published 1929) Postgraduate studies: University of Geneva, 1927; and Berlin-Dahlem, 1930-1934 POSITIONS 1924-1931 Assistant Professor of Botany, University of Barcelona 1932-1939 — Full Professor of Systematic Botany, University of Madrid 1933-1939 | Curator of Tropical Flora, Madrid Botanical Garden 1937-1939 Director, Madrid Botanical Garden 1939-1942 Professor of the Instituto Botanico (Universidad Nacional), Bogota, Colombia 1942-1943 Director of the School of Tropical Agriculture, Cali, Colombia 1943-1947 Director of the Comision Botanica del Valle and Professor at the Facultad de Agronomia del Valle, Cali 1947-1950 Curator of Colombian Botany, Chicago Natural History Museum 1951-1952 Guggenheim Fellow 6 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 1952-1955 __ Investigator, National Science Foundation grant, Chicago Natural History Museum 1955-1977 _ Investigator, National Science Foundation grants 1955-1996 —_ Research Associate, Smithsonian Institution HONORS AND AWARDS Honorary Member, Sociedad Geografica de Colombia, Bogota (1936) Honorary Member, Academia Colombiana de Ciencias, Bogota (1937) Honorary Member, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales (1968) Honorary Member, Institucid Catalana d’ Historia Natural (1974) Member of the Ateneo Nacional de Altos Estudios”, Republica de Colombia (1941) Guggenheim Fellow (1951-1952) Honorary President, Sect. Phytogeographie, 8” Congrés International de Botanique, Paris (1954) Research Associate, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution (1955) Associate, Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris (1959) Cruz de Boyaca, from the government of Colombia for scientific achievement for the benefit of Colombia (1959) Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (1960) Henry Allan Gleason Award, from the New York Botanical Garden for the 1961 publication of A taxonomic revision of the Humiriaceae” (1963) Member, Society of the Sigma Xi (1963) Scientific Director of Flora Neotropica (for Cormophyta) (1964-1971) Honorary Vice President, First Latin-American Congress of Botany, Mexico (1972) President of the Organization for Flora Neotropica (1972-1975) ”Curador Asociado, ad honorem’”’, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (1978) Profesor Honorario’’, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota (1983) Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 7 Corresponding Member: Institut d’Estudis Catalans; Academia de Ciencias de Barcelona; Sociedad Cubana de Botanica; Academia de Farmacia de Cuba; Societat Catalana de Biologia Director honorario del Real Jardin Botanico (CSIC) Gran Cruz de Alfonso X el Sabio Gran Cruz de la Orden del Mérito Civil (1995) EXPEDITIONS AND COLLECTIONS Europe Collections and botanical trips from 1920 to 1939 in several countries, especially in Spain. Africa Canary Islands (Gomera, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, 1935) South America 1932 - FIRST PERIOD, Colombia Sponsored by the University and the Madrid Botanical Garden. Devoted to obser- vations in plant ecology and plant collecting. Magdalena river; Cundinamarca, chiefly paéramos; Ibagué, Nevado del Tolima and Valle de Cauca. Collection Numbers: 2000-3499. 1938 - SECOND PERIOD, Colombia Partially sponsored by the University and the Madrid Botanical Garden. Devoted to observations in plant ecology and plant collecting. Cundinamarca, chiefly Macizo de Bogoté; Boyaca, Soaté-Cocuy, paramos of Nevado del Cocuy; Meta, Llanos del Meta and Orinoco (savannas) between Puerto Lopez and Puerto Carrefio, Llanos de Villavicencio. Collection Numbers: 1-1999 and 3500-4999. 1939-1942 - THIRD PERIOD, Colombia Base for the explorations was Bogota, being resident there as professor of the Universidad Nacional at the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales. The regions explored during this period were chiefly the savannas of the Llanos of Meta-Vichada-Guaviare; rainforests of Caqueta river in Tres Esquinas, of Vaupés river from Cuduyari to Calamar (Miti, Cuduyari, Tui-igarapé, Cananari, Circasia, 8 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1995 Cubiyt, Yacayaca, Parana-midi, Minti, Yurupari, Pucarén, Caruri); of Apaporis (Rio Popore); of Guaviare and Guayabero rivers; rainforests of Putumayo rivers from Concepcidn to Puerto Asis and its tributaries Sucumbios (San Miguel) and Guamués, and the lowlands to Mocoa; the Eastern Cordillera from Paramo de Tama, through paramos of Pamplona, Santurbén, Almorzadero, Rusia, Arcabuco, Hiiina, Bogota, to Huila and Pasto region, exploring middle and high altitudes; Central Cordillera, chiefly the region of Nevado del Ruiz and Volcan Puracé; Western Cordillera near Popayan (Carpinterias) and Antioquia; part of the lower Magdalena valley and of Cauca valley. Collection Numbers: 5000- 13,661. 1942-1947 - FOURTH PERIOD, Colombia Base for explorations was Cali, where a professor of the Agronomy Faculty of El Valle, and the director of the "Comision Botanica del Valle’ (Government agency). The following regions were especially explored and collected: Western Cordillera on both slopes and their highest peaks (Los Farallones), in several localities; rain- forest of The Pacific Coast, along the low part of the rivers Micay, Naya, Yuru- mangui, Cajambre, Anchicaya, Dagua, Calima, San Juan, and Togoroma; man- groves of the west coastal range; Central Cordillera around middle altitude and paramos of Barragan; the high valleys of the Tulua and Bugalagrande rivers; paramos de Las Vegas; Rio Lépez (west slopes of Nevado del Huila): paramos of Puracé; mountain forests of Tacuey6 and Moscopan; plains of Cauca Valley from Sevilla and Cartago to Cali and Popayan (from 900 to 2000 m). Collection Numbers: Cuatr. 13,662-24,016, also Killip & Cuatr. 38,613-39,212. During most of these explorations, much ecological and plant distribution data were collected. Special emphasis was given to collecting trees and palms, as Colombia was extensively covered with primary forests. This fact made traveling and collecting more arduous and the collections consequently more valuable. 1958-1973 - FIFTH PERIOD Base was Washington, DC., Smithsonian Institution, under NSF grant as principal investigator. March-April 1958: Colombia Chocé6, collections near Quibd6; along Rio Atrato and tributaries; and Antioquia, near Medellin and Paramo de los Baldios; trip financed by UNESCO; expenses in part by NSF. Collection Numbers: 24,025-24,283, also Idrobo & Cuatr. 2664- ZTL, Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 9 September-December 1959: Colombia Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, SE range, on its highest paramos, between lakes Mamo, Mamito, and Naboba, between peaks Reina and Guardian, and upper part of Donachiu valley; Valley of Valledupar; Eastern Cordillera, northern end, Sierra de Perija above Manaure (paramos of Floridablanca, Sabana Rubia, Cerro Venado, Cerro Avidn); Macizo de Bogota; Western Cordillera, near Cali (Cerro de los Cristales); Atlantic region, near Barranquilla and Guajira. Sponsored by the National Science Foundation and Smithsonian Institution, with assistance for inland transportation by the Ministerio de Agricultura de Colombia. Collection Numbers: 24,284-25,787. August-November 1961 Trinidad Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, for study of cacao. Venezuela Region of Barlovento, for cacao. Colombia The following departments: (1) Cundinamarca: Several sections of the savanna and paramos around Bogota up to 3700 m. (2) Valle del Cauca: Visiting plantations of old cocoa varieties near Palmira and Puerto Tejada, and the heavily forested lowlands of the Pacific coast in the Rio Calima region. (3) Antioquia: Northern region (Choc6) around Villa Arteaga, looking especially for Theobroma and Cecropia, and collecting Andean cecropias in the Central Cordillera near the Boqueron. (4) Cauca: Paramos of Puracé and Guanacas, the latter a Hartweg type-locality. Costa Rica Turrialba and Puerto Limon, visiting cocoa plantations, paramos of Volcan Irazu and Maciso de Bellavista. Nicaragua Chinandega, looking for types of cacao. Collection Numbers: 25,750T-26,565. 10 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 October-November 1962 Colombia Valle del Cauca. Brazil Estado Sao Paulo: Cerrado de Cachoeira Emas; Estado Guanabara: Rio de Janeiro; Para: Belém; research financed by NSF grant; trip paid by UNESCO. Collection Numbers: 26,567-26,668. January-February 1965: Colombia Cundinamarca: subarid region of muncipio Mosquera, verada de La Punta and San Francisco, and Paramo de Guerrero; Valle: Cordillera Central (Rio Amayme) and Occidental (Villa Colombia); Cauca: Quilichao-Piendam6; Narifio: Volcan Galeras. Research financed by NSF Grant; tip paid by UNESCO. Collection Numbers: 26,669-26,952. December 14, 1968-March 15, 1969: Colombia The regions explored were: the highlands, or paramos, of the Eastern Cordillera around the Massif of Bogota-Sumapaz, mainly between 3000 and 3800 m; the highlands (2800-3800 m) of the Central Cordillera in the dept. of Cauca (Paramo de las Moras, Paéramos de Paletera), the dept. Valle (Paramo de Pan de Azuicar), and the dept. Tolima (Subparamo El Campanario, forest of Combeima valley); and the plain of the Valle del Cauca at middle altitude (900-1000 m) and slopes of the Cordillera above El Valle (1500-2500 m); the lowlands of the Pacific coast at Buenaventura and Calima river, mainly in search of wild Theobroma species; lowlands of the Caqueta region from Florencia, along the Rio Orteguaza, to the Rio Caquetaé, mainly in search of species of Theobroma, Cecropia and Compositae. Trip sponsored by NSF grant. Collection Numbers: 26,953-27,719. September 1969: Colombia From Bogota to the Venezuelan border along the Eastern Cordillera, to collect Compositae, especially Espeletia, at classical localities. The paramos visited were those of La Rusia, Alto de Canutos, Caracoles, Las Gaitas, Htiina, Guantiva, de Chita, de SA4cama, La Uvita, Cocuy and Giiican in dept. Boyaca, Paramos de Perlaonso, Almorzadero and Santurban in dept. Santander and Norte de Santander. Also the region of Ocafia (Norte de Santander and Cesar) was explored. Trip sponsored by NSF grant. The Universidad Nacional of Colombia contributed a vehicle for 20 days from Bogota to Cucuta with a driver and an assistant (Laureano Rodriguez). Collection Numbers: 27,720-27,991. Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 ili October-November 1969: Venezuela The headquarters were the Universidad de los Andes in Mérida. With the vehicle which always was provided by the University, the following paramos were visited mainly in search of topo-types of Espeletia species. Pdramos del Colorado, del Zumbador, del Batall6n and Paramo de Tama (Tachira); Paramo de La Negra, Paramo de Mucuchies, de Pifiango, de Los Granates, del Pico Espejo, de Loma Redonda, de La Aguada, Apartaderos, Mucubaji, Mucufiuque, Laguna Negra, Laguna de Los Patos, de Mifafi, de Mucuruba, de La Carbonera-La Pifiuela, de Pueblo Llano and Llano Corredor (Mérida). Paramos de Guirigay, de Jajé, La Cristalina, de Niquitao, de El Jab6n, de Santa Rosa and de El Turma (Tryjillo). Cerro Avila-Silla de Caracas (Federal District). Paramo de Tama, state of Tachira, near the border with Colombia. Trip sponsored by NSF grant and helped by the Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, which provided private and free transportation and assistance by professors L. Ruiz-Teran, M. L6pez-Figueiras and/or L. Mar- cano-Berti. Collection Numbers: 27,992-28,250. January-February-March 1973: Venezuela The headquarters were again the Universidad de Los Andes in Mérida. Paramos de Tama at the headwaters of Rio Tachira, Paramo del Zumbador, Paramo del Colorado, Sub-paramo de La Grita, Paramo del Batallon, and Paramo de La Negra (Tachira). Paramos de San José, Zanj6n de Cupis and Pozo Negro, de Quirora, de Las Coloradas, El Morro, Sierra Nevada in Cafiada Espejo, Loma Redonda and Aguada, Paramo de Mucuchies, Sierra de Santo Domingo in Mucufuque and Laguna Valencia (El Baho), Paramo de Pifiango (Mérida). Paramos del Turmal, de Bocon6 and La Cristalina (Trujillo). Collection Numbers: 28 ,300-28,627. March-April 1973: Colombia The headquarters were at the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota. Paramo de Las Moras (Cauca) in the Central Cordillera, Paramos de Quilinsayaco and La Cocha (Narifio-Putumayo) at the southern massif. Eastern Cordillera, from Bogota to the northern cities Pamplona and Bucaramanga at the following main spots (with Roberto Jaramillo): Paramos and subparamos of Combita, Tunja, Rio Pémeca, Arcabuco, La Palma, Laguna de Tota, Paramos de La Sama, Rio Cusiana, Santa Rosa de Viterbo-Floresta, Portachuelo, Alto de Las Cruces (Belen- Encino), Paramo de la Rusia, Paramo de Socota, de Socha or Pisba, and Chita on 12 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 both sides, east and west, of the cordillera. Paramos de Grantiva, de Hiiina and de Santa Rosita towards Gonzaga and Soata, all in Boyaca. Further north, the departments of Santander and Norte de Santander from Bucaramanga and from Pamplona. The steep upper valley of Rio Surata was followed above La Baja ascending to the top of Paramo del Romeral and to the headwaters of Rio Cucutilla (3600-3800 m). Other Paéramos visited were those of Fontibén, Berlin, Santurban and Vetas. In Cundinamarca, the subparamo between Choconta and Sesquilé. All explorations were limited to paramos and subparamos, at altitudes between 2500 and 4200 m. Collection Numbers: 28 ,630-28,763A. February 1978 and May 1979: Colombia The last collecting tips made to Colombia. Collection Numbers: 28,770-28,798 and 28,819-28,967. November 1978 and May 1980: Venezuela The last collecting trips made to the Venezuelan Andes. Collection Numbers: 28,799-28,816 and 28,968-29,015. PUBLICATIONS (*Papers that involve members of the family Compositae or discuss the family in general) 1924 *Notes Botaniques. Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Ser. 2, 4: 46-47. 1925 Algunos datos para la flora mixomicética de Catalufia. Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 5: 92-94. 1926 Excursion Botanica a Alcaraz y Ridpar. Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona 5: 1-49. *Montagnites radiosus (Pall.) Holl. Burl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 6: 152-154. Una nueva especie de Rosa. Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 6: 164-166. Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 13 1927 *Hallazgo de una especia desconocida de Jurinea. Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 27: 221-224. Ascomicet nou per a Espanya. Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 7: 24. Una forma de Conium maculatum var. inmaculatum, adhuc en el jardi de la Universitat de Barcelona. Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 7: 132-133. Kirchneriella lunaris (Kirch) Moeb. adhuc a Catalunya. Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Wat. 7: 133. Campanula Scheuchzeri var. nov. zygomorpha Cuatr. Bull. Soc. Bot. Genéve 1927: 280-281. 1928 *Nota sobre et Leucanthemum arundanum (Bss.) Cuatr. Cavanillesia 1: 41-44 + 1 fig. Leon Guignard. Cavanillesia 3: 118-119. 1929 *Estudios sobre to flora y to vegetaci6n del macizo de Magina. Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona 12: 1-510. Notas micoldgicas. Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 15: 23-30. En Romuald Gonzalez Fragoso. Burl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 9: 49-51. 1930 *Adiciones y correcciones a mis estudios sobre Magina. Cavanillesia 3: 8-19. *Una visita al pinsapar de Sierra de la Nieve. Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 10: 65-67. Una familia nova per a la flora micolégica peninsular. Burl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 10: 79-80. Adolf Engler. Cavanillesia 3: 196-198. 1931 *De flora pyrenaica. I. Ojeada a la cliserie del Valle de Ordesa. Cavanillesia 4: 113-127. 14 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 La fitosociologia en las costas de Garraf. Barcelona. Richard Wettstein. Cavanillesia 4: 161-162. 1932 Die Verbreitung von Fagus silvatica auf der Iberischen Halbinsel. Veréff. Geobot. Riibel Ziirich, Heft 8, 1-21. EI bicentenario de Mutis en Colombia. Res. Cient. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 7: 49-63. Programa de la Ensefianza de botanica descriptiva en la Facultad de Farmacia, curso de 1932. 1933: 1-16. Madrid. Discurso de don José Cuatrecasas en el homenaje del Colegio Mayor del Rosario. Lecturas Dominicales 436: 12. 1933 *Plantae Colombianae novae. Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 26: 1-31 + 2 plates. 1934 La composicion quimica en sistematica vegetal. Ciencias (Madrid) 1, 1: 1-6. Observaciones geobotanicas en Colombia. Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 27: 1-144. Charles C. Lacaita. Cavanillesia 6: 137-139. Robert Chodat. Cavanillesia 6: 139-141. 1935 *Plantae novae Colombianae. Series altera. Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 29: 1-48. *Impresiones sobre la vegetacién de los Andes en Colombia. Revista Acad. Ci. Exact. Zaragoza 18: 29-41. [1934] *Programa de la ensefianza de botdénica descriptiva en la Facultad de Farmacia, Madrid. La Viola cazorlensis, su distribuci6n, sistematica y biologia (with H. Melchior). Cavanillesia 7: 135-148. *Plantae Isernianae I. Bol. Univ. Madrid. 4: 206-265. Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 15 1936 Datos geobotanicos de una visita a Torremolinos (with M. Laza). Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 63: 287-290. *Resumen de mi actuaci6n en Colombia con motivo del II Centenario del nacimento de Mutis. Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 33: 1-158. 1937 Don Carlos Pau. Rev. Madrid. Cuaderm. Casa Cultura 3: 1. 1938 La Republica reanuda la mejor tradici6n cultural espafiola: La gran obra del botanico Muus. Bol. Inform. Inst. Cult. Minist. Instr. Publ. Barcelona 2: 1-2. 1940 *Notas a la Flora de Colombia, I. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 3: 247-250. *Notas a la Flora de Colombia, II. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 3: 425-438. Nuevos encenillos de Colombia. Ciencia (México) 1: 253-254. *Mutisia Caldasiana, especia nueva de Colombia. Ciencia (México) 1: 308-309. Una especie nueva de Bombacaceas en Colombia. Ciencia (México) 1: 401-402. *Estudios sobre plantas andinas, I. Caldasia 1(1): 5-9 + 1 plate. Palabras preliminares. Caldasia 1(1): 3-4. 1941 *Notas a la Flora de Colombia, II. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 4: 158-169. *Notas a la Flora de Colombia, IV. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 4: 337-348. Estudios sobre plantas andinas, II. Caldasia 1(2): 13-27. *Impresiones sobre la vegetacion de los Andes en Colombia. Espana 1: 14-16. 1942 *Notas a la Flora de Colombia, V. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 5: 16-39. Estudios sobre plantas andinas, II. Caldasia 1(5): 17-19. Cucurbitaceae novae colombianae. -I. Caldasia 1(5): 21-28. 16 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 1943 *Estudios sobre plantas andinas. -IV. Caldasia 2: 5-9. *Estudios sobre plantas andinas. -V. Caldasia 2: 209-240. Algunos chites nuevos colombianos. Ciencia (Mexico) 4: 63-65. Cucurbitaceae novae colombianae. -II. Caldasia 2: 141-148. Resumen de unas observaciones geobotanicas en Colombia. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 5: 289-294. 1944 *Notas a la Flora de Colombia, VI. Trab. Com. Bot. Secr. Agric. Cali. 43 pp. [Reproduced in Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 6: 32-67.] 1945 Notas a la Flora de Colombia, VII. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 6: 274-299. *Estudios sobre plantas andinas, VI. Caldasia 3: 421-437. Frailejones nuevos de Venezuela. Ciencia (México) 6: 261-267. 1946 Notas a la Flora de Colombia, VIII. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 6: 533-551. Notas a la Flora de Colombia, LX. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 7: 47-52. Vistazo a la vegetacion del bajo Calima. Publ. Secr. Agric. Fom. Valle (Colomb.): 42-60. 1947 Vistazo a la vegetaci6n del bajo Calima (2™ edition). Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 7: 306-312. 1948 New mural shows plant life of Colombia’s high Andés. Bull. Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus. 19(1): 1-3. Studies in South American plants, I. Lloydia 11: 185-225. Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 17 1949 *Les especies del génere Espeletia. Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 37: 3-14. *Rosette trees, a tropical growth form that defies mountain climate. Bull. Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus. 20(10): 6-7. Gutiferas nuevas 0 poco conocidas de Colombia. Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 20: 91-112. Cecropia mocoana, Cecropia Porvenirensis and Quararibea Schultesti. In R.E. Schultes, Plantae Colombianae XII. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 14(2): 24-27, 31-32. Borojoa, un nuevo género de Rubidceas. Publ. Sec. Agric. Ganad., Cali (Colom bia), Agosto 1949. 4 pp. 1950 *Frailejonal, tipico cuadro de la vida vegetal en los paramos andinos. Revista Acad. Colémb. Ci. Exact. 7: 457-461. Borojoa, un nuevo género de Rubiaceas. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 7: 478- 481. (re-publication of 1949 article) Notas a la Flora de Colombia, X. Guttiferae. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 8: 33-64. *Studies on Andean Compositae-I. Fieldiana, Bot. 27(1): 1-53. Studies in South American plants-II. Fieldiana, Bot. 27(1): 55-113. New and noteworthy Colombian trees. Trop. Woods 96: 37-47. 1951 New Proteaceae from Colombia. Lloydia 13: 198-204. Notas a la Flora de Colombia, XI. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 8: 297-328. *Studies on Andean Compositae-II. Fieldiana, Bot. 27(2): 1-74. Studies in South American plants-III. Fieldiana, Bot. 27(2): 75-113. Luehopsis Schultesii and Quararibea muricata. In R. E. Schultes, Plantae Austro- Americanae VII. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 15(2): 49-52, 53-54. Moraceae. Jn J. A. Steyermark, Contribution to the Flora of Venezuela. Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 210-216. 18 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 1952 Notas a la Flora de Colombia, XII. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 8: 464-488. Cunoniaceae. /n J. A. Steyermark, Contribution to the Flora of Venezuela. Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 246-251. Bombacaceae. /n J. A. Steyermark, Contribution to the Flora of Venezuela. Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 363-366. 1953 *Estudios sobre plantas andinas, VII. Mutisia 16: 1-8. *Estudios sobre plantas andinas, VIII. Mutisia 17: 1-12. Caracterizacion del género Borojoa. Acta Agron. 3: 89-98. *Senecioneae andinae novae. Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 3: 261-307. *Neue und bemerkenswerte andine Compositen. Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 55: 120-153. Un nouveau genre de Bombacées, Patinoa. Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 33: 306-313. Huertea, un genre nouveau pour la flore de Colombie. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 100: 159-163. Une nouvelle espéce de Theobroma. Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 33. 562-565. *New taxa in the genus Diplostephium. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 80: 401408. Notes on the cultivated Lulo (Solanum quitoense). Bot. Mus. Leafl. 16: 97-105 (with R.E. Schultes). 1954 Novelties in Bombacaceae. Phytologia 4: 465-480. Five new species of Brunellia. Phytologia 4: 481-485. *Dos mordceas y dos compuestas nuevas de Venezuela. Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 15: 107-111. *New species of Compositae from Ecuador, collected by W.H. Camp. Brittonia 8: 39-49. *Estudios sobre plantas andinas, [X. Mutisia 19: 1-9. Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 19 Disertaciones sobre Bombacaceas. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 9: 164-177. *Notas a la flora de Colombia, XIII. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 9: 233-249. *Synopsis der Gattung Loricaria Wedd. Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 56: 149-172. *Nouvelles Composées de l’ Amérique de Sud. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 101: 242- 246. *Distribution of the genus Espeletia. Rapports et Communications, Huitiéme Congrés International de Botanique, Paris, sect. 4, pp. 131-132. Outline of vegetation types in Colombia. Rapports et Communications, Huitiéme Congrés International de Botanique, Paris, sect. 7, pp. 77-78. *El género Mniodes. Folia Biol. Andina (Puno) 1: 1-7. Review of the Proceedings of the 7” International Botanical Congress (Stockholm, 1950). Ciencia y Tecnologia, Pan American Union 4: 182-184. 1955 *A new genus and other novelties in Compositae. Brittonia 8: 151-163. Taxonomic notes on neotropical trees. Trop. Woods 101: 10-28. *Matisia apaporiensis Cuatr. and Stenopadus colombianus Cuatr. & Steyer. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 17: 82-84, 99-100. E] genero Meliosma en Colombia. Caldasia 7: 187-211 (with J. M. Idrobo). Establishment of a permanent Commission for the publications of a Tropical American Flora. UNESCO/NA/HT/75. 1956 *Neue Vernonia-Arten und Synopsis der Andinen Arten der Sektion Critoniopsis. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 77: 52-84. Notas a la Flora de Colombia, XIV. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 9: 325-341. *Nouvelles espéces de l’Amérique du Sud récoltées par Le Professeur Henn Humbert. Notul. Syst. (Paris) 15: 233-240. *Studies on Andean Compositae-III. Brittonia 8: 179-193. Studies in South American plants-IV. Brittonia 8: 195-200. 20 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 Mordaceas nuevas de Colombia. Caldasia 7: 287-304. *Notas a la flora de Venezuela. Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 17: 80-97. *E] género Hinterhubera Weddell. Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 17: 98-104 (with L. Aristeguieta). Theobroma. In J.F. Macbride, Flora of Peru. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13: 650-660. *Esquema sumariado de la vegetacién de la Provincia Norteandina. Suelos Tropicales, Medellin 1: 13-30. 1957 Prima Flora Colombiana. 1. Burseraceae. Webbia 12: 375-441. The American species of Dacryodes. Trop. Woods 106: 46-65. Faner6gamas colombianas recientemente descritas de posible interés farma- coldgico. Memoria del 3er Symposio de Farmacobotdanica Americana.Habana, pp. 103-109. The Colombian species of Tetrorchidium. Brittonia 9: 76-82. *A sketch of the vegetation of the North-Andean province. Proc. 8” Pac. Sci. Congr. Bot. (Manila, 1953) 4: 167-173. 1958 Notes on American Solanaceae. Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 61: 74-86. The Colombian species Juanulloa. Brittonia 10: 146-150. Burseraceae (Paraprotium amazonicum). In R. E. Schultes, Plantae Austro- Americanae X. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 18: 156-158. Prima Flora Colombiana. 2. Malpighiaceae. Webbia 13: 343-664. *Aspectos de la vegetacion natural de Colombia. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 10: 221-268. Introduccion al estudio de los manglares. Bol. Soc. Bot. México 23: 84-98. Report on the Tropical American Flora project. UNESCO/NS/HT/78, Paris. {Original in English, also translated into French and Spanish. ] Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 21 1959 A critical new Bursera from Costa Rica. Trop. Woods 110: 30-32 (with L. 0. Williams). Studies on South American Plants-V. Brittonia 11: 163-172. Burseraceae. Jn L.B. Smith, The Machris Brazilian Expedition, Botany. Los Angeles County Mus. Contr. Sci. 30: 4-6. New chiropterophilous Solanaceae from Colombia. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 49: 269- Diz. 1960 *Studies on Andean Compositae-IV. Brittonia 12: 182-195. Supplemental notes on the American species of Passifloraccae with descriptions of new species [by J. Cuatrecasas]. By E. P. Killip. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 35: 1- 23. *Dos Compuestas nuevas de Venezuela. Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 21: 302-306. Prima Flora Colombiana. 2A. Malpighiaceae, Apéndice 1. Webbia 15: 393-398. 1961 A taxonomic revision of the Humiriaceae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 35: 21-214. Burseraceae Brasiliae Novae. Bol. Mus. Paraense Emilio Goeldi, n. s., Bot., 11: 1- 10. *Notas sobre Astereas Andinas. Ciencia (México) 21: 21-32. *Studies on Andean Compositae V. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 74: 7-28. *Una nueva especie de Erigeron de Venezuela y Colombia. Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 22: 5-7. A new Burseraceae from Santa Catarina. Sellowia 13: 261-263. Humiriaceae. /n Catalogo e Estadistica dos Géneros Botaénicos Fanerogamicos. Inst. Paranaensis, Bot. 54: 2. Importancia de la ciencia en la educacién. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 11(43): [X-XIIl. 22 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 1962 Studies in South American Plants-VI. Brittonia 14: 50-57. Summary report of the Flora Neotropica project, at the Sao Paulo meeting. 1963 *Notes on Neotropical Compositae, I. Phytologia 9: 1-7. El género Theobroma en la ”Flora Peruviana et Chilensis’” de Ruiz y Pavon. Ciencia (México) 22(4): 85-92 (with E. Alvarez L6pez). Una impresi6n personal de Paul Standley. Jn L. 0. Williams (editor), Homage to Standley, pp. 88-89. Chicago Natural History Museum. 1964 Cacao and its allies; a taxonomic revision of the genus Theobroma. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 35: 379-614. *Miscelanea sobre Flora Neotropica, I. Ciencia (México) 23: 137-151. *Studies on Andean Compositae: VI. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 77: 127-156. Theobroma. Flora of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 51: 89-97. 1965 *Some new Compositae from Peru. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 304-313. Una Bombacacea nueva de Venezuela. Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 24: 153-155. *Miscelanea sobre Flora Neotropica, Il. Ciencia (México) 24: 121-124. 1966 El genero Sorocea (Moraceae) en la costa occidental de Colombia. Ciencia (México) 24: 185-188. Establecimiento de la “Organizaci6n pro Flora Neotrépica.” Ciencia (México) 24: 267-270. 1967 *Estudios sobre plantas Andinas, X. Caldasia 10: 3-26. Moraceae. Jn J. A. Steyermark. Flora del Auyan-tepui. Acta Bot. Venez. 2: 202- 205. Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 23 *Revision de las especies colombianas del género Baccharis. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 13: 5-102. Plant introduction with Theobroma cacao. Proc. Int. Symp. Plant Introd. (Tegucigalpa), pp. 137-145 (with E. P. Imle). *Chromosome numbers in Compositae, XI, Peruvian species. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54: 172-177 (with B. L. Turner and A. M. Powell). 1968 Dos aralidceas nuevas de Colombia. Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 7: 221-226. *Paramo vegetation and its life forms. Collog. Geogr. 9: 163-186. 1969 *Prima Flora Colombiana. 3. Compositae-Astereae. Webbia 24: 1-335. *Notas adicionales, taxondmicas y coroldégicas, sobre Baccharis. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 13: 201-226. 1970 Brunelliaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 2: 1-189. *Reinstatement of genus Llerasia (Compositae). Biotropica 2: 39-45. Una nueva mirtacea frutal de la costa del Pacifico. Mutisia 32: 6-8. La Organizaci6n pro Flora Neotrépica. /J Simposio y foro de biologia tropical amazonica. Bogota, Colombia, pp. 284-286. *Chromosome number in Compositae: Colombian and Venezuelan species. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 374-379 (with A. M. Powell). *Observaciones sobre Compositae. Anales Esc. Nac. Ci. Biol. 18: 9-15. [dated 1969 and 1970, possibly printed and distributed in 1971] 1971 *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora. Phytologia 20: 465-481. Cunoniaceas. Jn P. R. Reitz, Flora Illustrada Catarinense, pp. 1-22 (with L. B. Smith). 24 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 1972 *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, II. Phytologia 23: 350-365. A new species of ichthyotoxic plant from the Amazon. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 23: 129- 136 (with R.E. Schultes). *Miscelanea sobre flora Neotropica, III. Ciencia (México) 27: 171-184. *Algo sobre Compositae en la Flora de Colombia. Mem. Symp. I Congr. Latin- Amer. Mexico Bot., pp. 157-166. Armando Dugand. Taxon 21: 377-378. 1973 *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, III. Phytologia 25: 249-256. *Synopsis of the genus Philoglossa (Liabeae, Asteraceae). Phytologia 26: 381-388 (with H. Robinson). *Supplemental characterization of the genus Pseudoconyza (Compositae, Inuleae- Plucheinae). Phytologia 26: 410-412. A new species of Brunellia from Panama. Phytologia 26: 485-486 (with D. M. Porter). *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, IV. Phytologia 27: 41-51. *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, V. Phytologia 27: 169-179. *The generic limits of Pluchea and Tessaria (Inuleae, Asteraceae). Phytologia 27: 277-285 (with H. Robinson). 1975 *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, VI. Phytologia 29: 369-385. Brunelliaceae. Flora of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 62: 11-14 (with D.M. Porter). *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, VII. Phytologia 31: 317-333. *Chromosome numbers in Compositae, Colombian and Venezuelan species. Taxon 24: 675-676 (with A.M. Powell). *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, VIII. Phytologia 32: 312-326. Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 25 1976 *A new subtribe in the Heliantheae (Compositae): Espeletiinae. Phytologia 35: 43- 61. Cecropia steyermarkii Cuatr., sp. nov. (Moraceae). Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. §2(132-133): 231. 1977 *Westoniella, a new genus of the Astereae from the Costa Rican paramos. Phytologia 35: 471-487. *Notes on the genus and species limits of Pseudogynoxys (Greenm.) Cabrera. Phytologia 36: 177-192 (with H. Robinson). *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, [X. Phytologia 38: 7-22. 1978 Una nueva crucifera de la Sierra Nevada del Cocuy (Colombia). Caldasia 12: 145- 158 (with A.M. Cleef). *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, X. Phytologia 40: 25-36. *A review of the Central American species of Pentacalia (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). Phytologia 40: 37-50 (with H. Robinson). *Studies in neotropical Senecioneae, Compositae I. Reinstatement of genus Lasiocephalus. Phytologia 40: 307-312. 1979 *Growth forms of the Espeletiinae and their correlation to vegetation types of the high tropical Andes. /n K. Larsen and L. B. Holm-Nielsen, eds., Tropical botany, pp. 397-410. Academic Press, London. *Comparacion fitogeografica de Paramos entre varias Cordilleras. In M. L. Salgado-Labouriau, ed., El medio ambiente paramo, Actas del seminario de Mérida, Venezuela, pp. 89-99. Caracas, Centro Estudios Avanzados. 1980 Malpighiaceae. Flora of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 851-945 (with T. Croat). 26 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 *La inflorescencia en la taxonomia de las Espeletiinae (Heliantheae, Compositae). Memorias, VI congreso venezolano de botdnica, U.C.A., Maracay, pp. 191- 194. Facultad de Agronomia. *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, X1. Phytologia 45: 17-29. *Neue Diterpene aus der Subtribus Espeletiinae. Phytochemistry 19: 267-271 (with R. Bohlmann, H. Wuding, R. M. King and H. Robinson). *Neue Sesquiterpene und Norditerpene aus Vertretern der Gattung Libanothamnus. Phytochemistry 19: 1145-1148 (with F. Bohlmann, C. Zdero, R. M. King and H. Robinson). *Tricyclic sesquiterpenes and further diterpenes from Espeletiopsis species. Phytochemistry 19: 2399-2403 (with F. Bohlmann, H. Suding, H. Robinson and R. M. King). *Un nuevo género Colombiano de Senecioneae (Compositae). Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 19: 13-17. *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, XII. Phytologia 47: 1-13. 1981 *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, XIII. Phytologia 49: 69-75. *Studies in neotropical Senecioneae II. Transfers to genus Pentacalia of North Andean species. Phytologia 49: 241-260. 1982 *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, XIV. Phytologia 52: 157-159. *Studies in neotropical Senecioneae III. New taxa in Senecio, Pentacalia and Gynoxys. Phytologia 52: 159-166. *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, XV. New taxa in the Astereae. Phytologia 52: 166-177. 1984 *Observations of the genus Gynoxys in Ecuador (Senecioneae, Asteraceae) (with H. Robinson). Phytologia 56: 368-375. Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 27 1985 Brunelliaceae, Supplement. /n Fl. Neotrop. Mongr. 2(Suppl.): 28-103. *Miscelanea sobre flora neotropica, IV. Fontqueria 8: 9-18. *Studies in neotropical Senecioneae IV. New taxa in Senecio and Cabreriella. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 98: 623-626. *Studies in neotropical Senecioneae V. Two new species of Pentacalia from Colombia. Phytologia 57: 169-174. *Nomenclatura plantarum Americanarum III. Compositae. Phytologia 58: 475-476 (with A. Lourteig). 1986 *Miscelanea sobre flora neotrdpica, IV. Addenda. Fontqueria 9: 5-7. *Un género nuevo de Astereae, Compositae, de Colombia. Anal. Jard. Bot. Madrid 42: 415-426. *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, XVI. New taxa in the Espeletiinae. Phytologia 61: 51-61. *Dos géneros nuevos de Compositae de Colombia. Caldasia 15(71-75): 1-14. *Speciation and radiation of the Espeletiinae in the Andes. Jn Vuillemier & Monasterio (editors), ” High Altitude Tropical Biogeography” pp. 267-303. Oxford University Press. 1987 *Clave diagnostica de las especies de Ruilopezia (Espeletiinae, Heliantheae, Com- positae). Anal. Jard. Bot. Madrid 44: 401-419. 1988 Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, XVII. New species of Meliosma. Phytologia 64: 489-494. Pius Font Quer, 1888-1964. In Miscellania Botanica. Llibre d’homenatje a P. Font Quer, pp. 59-63. Edicions Institut d’estudis Illerdencs. Tres nuevas especies de Meliosma Blume (Sabiaceae) de Colombia (with J. Idrobo). Ernstia 49: 8-14. 28 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 1989 *Compuestas - Asteréas. In J.C. Mutis, Flora de la Real Expedicién Botanica del Nuevo Reyno de Granada XLVII. Ediciones de Cultura Hispanica Madrid (with S. Diaz-Piedrahita). 1990 Miscelanea sobra flora neotrépica V. Algunas novedades en /lex. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 17: 631-635. *E] género Aequatorium Nordenstam (Senecioneae, Asteraceae) en Colombia. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 17: 659-666 (with S. Diaz-Piedrahita). Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, XVIII. New species in the Humiriaceae. Phytologia 68: 260-266. *Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, XIX. Combinations in Senecioneae, Compositae. Phytologia 69: 313-315. *Nuevas especies de Pentacalia. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 17: 687-690 (with S. Diaz-Piedrahita). 1991 *Especie nueva de Diplostephium de Colombia y sinonimos de D. ericoides del Ecuador. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 18: 123-125. *Expediciones y colecciones entre 1942-1947, VALLE. Cespedesia 15-16(57-58): 17-38. Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, XX. A new species of Humiriastrum. Phytologia 71: 165-166. *Nueva especie de Baccharis (Asteraceae) de Colombia. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 18: 127-129 (with S. Diaz-Piedrahita). 1992 *Thelechitonia Cuatrecasas, an older name for Complaya Strother (Ecliptinae- Heliantheae-Asteraceae). Phytologia 72: 141-143 (with H. Robinson). *Additions to Aequatorium and Gynoxys (Senecioneae: Asteraceae) in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. Novon 2: 411-416 (with H. Robinson). Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 29 1993 *Miscelanea sobre flora neotrépica VI. Dos especies nuevas de Diplostephium del Peru. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 18: 475-477. Miscellaneous notes on Neotropical flora XXI. A new species of Humiriastrum from Brazil. Phytologia 7S: 235-238. *New species of Pentacalia (Senecioneae: Asteraceae) from Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Novon 3: 284-301 (with H. Robinson). 1994 *Miscellaneous notes on Neotropical flora XXII. Identification of the genus Phyllostelidium and a few new combinations in the Compositae.Phytologia 76: 402-405. *Jessea and Talamancalia, two new genera of the Senecioneae (Asteraceae) from Costa Rica and Panama. Novon 4: 48-52 (with H. Robinson). *Adiciones al genero Pentacalia (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) en Colombia. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 19: 21-23 (with S. Diaz-Piedrahita) 1995 *A new genus of the Compositae: Paramiflos (Espeletiinae) from Colombia. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 108: 748-750. 1996 *Clave provisional de las especies del género Espeletiopsis Cuatrec. (Espeletiinae, Compositae). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 54: 370-377. In Press *Key to the species of Oritrophium (Asteraceae: Astereae). BioLlania, edicién especial no.6: 000-000. In 1993 Dr. Cuatrecasas wrote a short article for a volume to honor Dr. Richard Schultes. Although we have a copy of the manuscript we have no record of it having been published. 30 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 Fig. 1. Paramo of Nevado del Cocuy, Boyaca, Colombia: Pozo Azul + 4200 m alt. Cabin made with stems of Espeletia lopezii and (the roof) of Calamagrostis effusa. It is a good shelter, a free ”hotel” for every temporary worker coming to this paramo. A big amount of Espeletia leaves on the ground inside served as a mattress for all ”guests”. The small tree at left: Gynoxys paramuna. The white Compositae herbs in front are Senecio (Culcitium) canescens. Bushes on the slope: Pentacalia flos- fragrans v. frigidophila, Vaccinium floribundum, Diplostephium colombianum, D. rhomboidale, Valeriana arborea, Pentacalia guicanensis, P. andicola, Loricaria complanata, Miconia chionophila, Hypericum bryoides, Baccharis tricuneata, etc. Photo: J. Cuatrecasas, 12 Sept. 1938. Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 31 FLORAL MICROCHARACTERS AND TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS TITHONIA (HELIANTHEAE: ASTERACEAE) IN NIGERIA M.A. Isawumi Natural History Museum Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria Abstract The present treatment reports the occurrence of two taxa for Nigeria of the 13 Tithonia taxa reported for the whole world. Morphologically, the two species have some distinctness. The floral microcharacters of the species are described. Introduction Tithonia Desf. ex Juss. was first described by Jussieu (1789). Blake (1918) moved a number of taxa of Gymnolomia H.B.K. into Tithonia and made the first major revision of the genus in 1921, recognizing ten species and two subspecies (twelve taxa in all). In the recent revision of the genus, La Duke (1982) recognized eleven species and two subspecies (thirteen taxa) in two sections. The taxa are distributed primarily in southern Mexico and central America. They are also introduced worldwide and escaped. Two taxa, T. diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray and T. rotundifolia (Miller) S. F. Blake have been reported to be quite similar in a number of features and they have been misidentified in a number of recent publications (Pal et al. 1976, Herz & Sharma 1975, and others). In spite of the similarities between them, La Duke (1982) found that they could be consistently differentiated from one another and should be retained at the rank of species. These two taxa have been consistently misidentified in Nigeria and West Africa as one species, 7. diversifolia. The main thrust of this work therefore is to give the distinguishing features for the proper identification of the two taxa in Nigeria. 32 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 Materials and Methods The plant specimens for the work were collected from different locations in Nigeria and the voucher specimens were lodged in the herbarium of the Natural History Museum, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (UNIFEM). For the micromorphological observations, florets were softened in boiling water to which a drop of detergent was added, dissected under a stereo microscope, mounted in Hoyer’s solution (Anderson 1954, King & Robinson 1970) and studied with LM. Results and Discussion Macromorphology Morphologically, T. rotundifolia has been often confused with T. diversifolia, from which it differs in many features. T. rotundifolia is an annual, with broad- lanceolate phyllaries in 2 series, 13—16 in number (Table 1), and ray ligules orange, about 33 mm long, whereas T. diversifolia is a herbaceous perennial, with broadly ovate phyllaries in 3 series, 16—19 in number (Table 1), and ray ligules yellow, 48—69 mm long, and with an unusual auricle at the base of the petiole. Peduncles are stout and swollen just below the capitula in T. diversifolia, but rather slender in 7. rotundifolia. In the material studied T. diversifolia has ray-florets about 10—13, disc-florets 107—170, while T. rotundifolia has ray-florets about 9—10 and disc-florets 74—91 (Table 1). The two taxa often are confused everywhere including Nigeria due to the similarity of 3—5-lobed leaves. Corolla pubescence Disc corolla with 5 lobes at apex, throat cylindrical with bulging minutely pubescent base, cylindrical portion 3—5S mm long (Figs. 1A, 2F). Corolla throat in T. diversifolia with trichomes about 1—3 cells long, while those in T. rotundifolia are up to 5 cells long. Corolla lobe of 7. rotundifolia has papillae and short trichomes about 3 cells long while the lobes of 7. diversifolia are with short papillae only. Ducts (coloured yellow) single or paired along veins of disc corolla throats and tubes, extending a bit into the lobes (Fig. 1B). There are about 2—3 bundles of veins with ducts in a lobe, beside those on the margins, in T. diversifolia whereas there is only one bundle in each lobe in T. rotundifolia. Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 33 Style Disc styles bifid with hispidulous hairs at the tip of the branches, with single narrow stigmatic surface, at base usually swollen with distinct small cells regularly shaped in T. diversifolia (Fig. 1C), whereas such cells are lacking in T. rotundifolia (Fig. 2G); style ducts outside veins in shaft (Figs. 1C, 2G). Anther apical appendage The anther apical appendages are not significantly different in the two species. The anther appendages are glandular and ovate with a constricted base (Figs. 1D; 2H, J). The presence of glands on the appendages is an indication of the exotic nature of the taxa because glands have not been reported present on the appendages of the indigenous plants in Africa. Endothecial tissue The endothecial tissue in the two species is polarized with the cells having 1—2 thickenings on the transverse walls. In this way, the taxa exhibit one of the characteristics of the subtribe Helianthinae as pointed out by Robinson (1981). Filament The filament collars are more or less widened towards the base in the two species. Pubescence on the filaments occurs sporadically in the Heliantheae (Robinson 1981). Of the two species studied only 7. rotundifolia has hispidulous hairs on the filament (Fig. 2H). The hairs are very short or absent immediately below the point of insertion of the filament to the collar, but become more conspicuous distally Anther thecae Many genera of the Heliantheae have anthers that blacken at maturity due to pigments in the outer layer of the thecial wall (Robinson 1981). This blackening occurs on the anthers of the two taxa studied. On the other hand their anthers are shortly calcarate because the thecae are not distinctly prolonged below the point of filament insertion (Figs. 1D, 2H). 34 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 Cypsela The main feature of the cypsela in the tribes Eupatorieae and Heliantheae is the presence of the carbonization or black layer formed by the materials known as phytomelanins (Robinson 1981). The two taxa have their cypsela walls carbonized with distinct striations and without ovary wall crystals. The disc cypselas in the two taxa are black or mottled, pubescent, quadrangular and at base smooth without elaiosome (Figs. 1E, 2K). The cypselas are completely covered with aristate-tipped scales. The cells of the twin hairs (Hess 1938) covering the cypselas are almost of the same length; the pappus is of fused squamellae basally and laterally with 2 subequal awns; the awns in T. rotundifolia are about 5 mm long, while those in T. diversifolia are about 4 mm long. The carpopodium has two short, rounded, opposing lobes in both taxa (Figs. 1E, 2K). The cells of the seed coat in both taxa are weakly ornamented. Key to the species of Tithonia in Nigeria 1, Phyllaries broad-lanceolate, 13—16, in 2 series; ray-florets orange, 9—10; ligu- les c. 33 mm long; disc-florets 74—91; filaments pubescent .... 1. T. rotundifolia 2.Phyllaries broadly ovate, 16—19, in 3 series; ray-florets yellow, 10—14; ligules 48—69 mm long; disc-florets 107—170; filaments glabrous......2. T. diversifolia 1. Tithonia rotundifolia (Miller) S.F. Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. ser. 52:41 (1917); La Duke, Rhodora 84: 453—522 (1982). Tagetes rotundifolia Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8 Tagetes # 4 (1768). — Type: Mexico, Veracruz, grown from seed, probably at the Chelsea garden, W. Houstoun s.n. (Holotype, BM! [Photo, GH!, NY!, OS!, UC!]). — For complete synonymy see La Duke (1982). 2. Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19:5 (1983); La Duke, Rhodora 84: 453—522 (1982). Mirasolia diversifolia Hemsl. in Godman & Salvin, Biol. Contr. Amer. Bot. 2: 168 t. 47 (1881). — Type: Mexico, Veracruz, Valley of Orizaba, 12 May 1866, E. Bourgeau 2319 (Lectotype, K!, [Photo, OS!]; Isolectotypes, BR!, FI!, GH!, S!, US!). Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 35 Tithonia diversifolia var. glabriuscula S.F. Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 20: 435 (1921). — Type: Mexico, Oaxaca, N of Tuxtepec, 90 m, 9 Apr. 1894, E. W. Nelson 346 (Holotype, US!) — For complete synonymy see La Duke (1982). Conclusion The two taxa are very distinct and could be easily separated. The confusion often experienced in their identification is due to their similar 3—5-lobed leaves and hearty habit. Their distinctness was further established by La Duke (1982), when he placed T. rotundifolia in section Tithonia series Tithonia and T. diversifolia in section Tithonia series Grandiflorae. T. diversifolia is the most widespread taxon of Tithonia (La Duke 1982). According to him it has been successfully cultivated in Africa, Australia, Asia, and North America, where it has escaped. In Nigeria it is found blooming with show of conspicuous brilliantly coloured flowers along roads or any open place in the country. 7. rotundifolia grows sometimes along with it. Both taxa flower from October to January and reach a bushy stature. T. rotundifolia is a new record for Nigeria and West Africa as a whole. However, T. diversifolia has been reported present in Nigeria by Akobundu & Agyakwa (1987) as an introduced plant. Acknowledgement I thank Messrs A. A. Elufisan and J. O. Olaleye, both of the Natural History Museum, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, for their assistance during the preparation of this work. 36 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 References Akobundu, IL. O. & C. W. Agyakwa 1987. A handbook of West African Weeds. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. Anderson, L. E. 1954. Hoyer’s solution as a rapid mounting medium for bryophytes. Bryologist 57: 242-247. Blake, S. F. 1918. A revision of the genus Viguiera. Contr. Gray. Herb. 54: 1- 205. Blake, S. F. 1921. Revision of the genus Tithonia. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 423-436. Herz, W. & R. P. Sharma 1975. A trans-1, 2-cis-4,5-germacradienolide and other new germacranolides from Tithonia species. J. Org. Chem. 40: 3118-3123. Hess, R. 1938. Vergleichende Untersuchungen itiber die Zwillinghaare der Compositen. Bot. Jarb. Syst. 68: 435—496. Jussieu, A. L. de 1789. Genera Plantarum. Facsimile edition 1964, J. Cramer, Weinheim. King, R. M. & H. Robinson 1970. The new synantherology. Taxon 19: 6-10. La Duke, J. C. 1982. Revision of Tithonia. Rhodora 84: 453-521. Pal, R., Kulshreshtla, D. K. & R. P. Rastogi 1976. Antileukemic and other constituents of Tithonia tagetiflora Desf. J. Pharm. Sci. 65: 918-920. Robinson, H. 1981. A revision of the tribal och subtribal limits of the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 51: 1-102. Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 37 Table 1. Number of florets and phyllaries per capitulum of Tithonia specimens from different locations No of. No. of : Total | No. of phyllaries ray-florets : disc-florets : T. diversifolia T. rotundifolia 38 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 4na Fig. 1. T. diversifolia A: Disc corolla 5-lobed with bulging, cylindrical and minutely pubescent throat. B: Disc corolla with resin ducts along veins in the throats, tubes and lobes. C: Disc style bifid with hispidulous hairs at the tip of the branches, with single narrow stigmatic surface, at base swollen with small regular cells. D: Anther with ovate apical appendage and glabrous filament. E: Cypsela hairy with bilobed carpopodium, pappus of fused squamellae basally and laterally with 2 subequal awns. - A—E: Isawumi & Elufisan 1793 (UNIFEM). Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 39 Fig. 2. T. rotundifolia F: Disc corolla minutely pubescent on the bulging, cylindrical throat. G: Disc style bifid with resin ducts along the veins in shaft, and single stigmatic surface on the branches. H: Anther with ovate apical appendage and pubescent filament. J: Glandular trichome on the apical appendage. K: Cypsela hairy with bilobed carpopodium, fused squamellae and 2 subequal awns. - F—K: Isawumi & Elufisan 1801 (UNIFEM). 40 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE IN PLANTS OF COMPOSITAE: OCCURRENCE, IDENTITY AND SIGNIFICANCE Rajni Gupta and K.G. Mukerji Applied Mycology Laboratory Department of Botany University of Delhi Delhi - 110007, India Abstract The VAM (Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae) fungi are extensively present in soils of Delhi including University campus. Association of VAM fungi amongst the roots of various plants belonging to family Compositae, namely Ageratum, Bidens, Blumea, Eclipta, Galinsoga, Gnaphalium, Launaea, Sonchus, Tridax and Vernonia, were studied. Except for Blumea bifoliata and Gnaphalium purpureum, in all plants studied VAM colonization was about 40-100%. Introduction The vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) are wide-spread in occurrence and because of their potential for crop improvement have been investigated extensively (Mukerji 1995, Powell & Bagayraj 1984). All soils contain either spores of VA mycorrhizal fungi or mycorrhizae formed by them (Mosse 1973). Most of the plants are VA mycorrhizal, but little work has been done in the Compositae. Since VAM influence soil fertility and thus the growth and developments of plants, their study is essential. Such investigations are not only of great botanical interest, but also important in social forestry and land reclamation (Mukerji & Dixon 1992). The present investigation was undertaken in order to characterize and quantify the VAM associations in roots of Compositae weeds growing in Delhi. Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 4] Material and Methods A survey was made to examine VAM formation in natural dense populations of composites growing in and around Delhi University. In all 10 genera were investigated; their roots were carefully dug out at the time of seed setting, selecting 10 plants at random for each species. Roots were gently washed with fresh water and kept in 10% KOH solution for 48 hours. After that KOH was drained out and roots were carefully washed with fresh water and stained with 0.1% Trypan blue stain (Philips & Hayman 1970). Percent VAM colonization was calculated using Nicolson’s simple formula (1995): % colonization= No.of segments colonized withVAM- y 100 Total no. of segments observed The spores from the rhizosphere soil of each plant were isolated by Gerdemann & Nicolson’s (1963) wet sieving and decanting technique. Spores were mounted in lactophenol and identified using standard key (Hall 1983, Schenck & Perez 1990). Observations and Discussion The results of this investigation clearly indicate that many, perhaps most of the plants belonging to the family Compositae are vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal. The amount of vesicles and arbuscules formed in roots varied in all plants (Table 1, 2). The shape of vesicles may be oval or rounded. In Ageratum conyzoides external hyphae were absent. Internal hyphae were distinguished as arbuscules or vesicles. Vesicles were oval in shape, and the number of vesicles was very low. Y-shape hyphae were also present. See Table 2 and Fig. 1 (A-H) for presence of arbuscules, external hyphae, number of vesicles and shape. Further, in the plants of Galinsoga parviflora arbuscules were densely present. They were dichotomously branched and were of dominant type. Percent infection of arbuscules is 40%, number of vesicles per one cm root bits is 5, and number of spores per 100 gm rhizosphere soil is 11. The dominant VAM fungal spores in the rhizosphere soil consisted of Glomus macrocarpum and Glomus fasciculatum. 42 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 A comparative study of diseased and healthy plants of Sonchus arvensis was made. Diseased Sonchus arvensis was severely infected by Bremia lactuca, in its roots external hyphae were densely present, and with this appresoria formation was alsopresent, while in the healthy plants number of vesicles and arbuscules per one cm was also high. So it can be concluded that VAM increased the foliar infection in this plant (Zaidi & Mukerji 1983). Out of ten Compositae species only two did not show any association. The other eight species were highly colonized by the VAM fungi (Table 1, 2). In diseased Sonchus arvensis VAM colonization was found to be very high, i.e. 90% of the rool segments were colonized, and about 20 vesicles per one cm root bits were found. In Vernonia cinerea 80% of the root segments were colonized, and 8 vesicles were present per one cm root bits. In the roots of Ageratum conyzoides only 40 % of the root segments were colonized, and the number of vesicles present in one cm root bits was only 2. In the roots of Vernonia cinerea the number of vesicles per one cm is low, but the number of spores per 100 gm rhizosphere soil is high, i.e. 20. Ammani et al. (1994) also reported a high percentage of mycorrhization but low number of spores from various habitats. VAM fungi provide the plant with minerals especially phosphorus, while the plant supplies the fungus with photosynthetic sugars. The bidirectional transport leads to enhanced plant growth and the completion of the fungal life cycle. For these reasons, mycorrhizal symbiosis is an attractive system in agriculture and forest management to enhance crop and wood production in the sense of a sustainable agriculture and restoring soil fertility (Bansal & Mukerji 1994 a, b, Varma 1995). Since roots of some plants are heavily VA mycorrhizal, they are indirectly fertilizing the soil (Mukerji & Dixon 1992). References Ammani, K., Venkateswarlu, K. & A. S. Rao 1994. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in grasses: their occurrence, identity and development. Phytomorphology 44: 159-168. Bansal, M. & K. G. Mukerji 1994a. Efficacy of root litter as a biofertiliser. Biol. Fertil. Soils 18: 228—230. Bansal, M. & K. G. Mukerji 1994b. Positive correlation between VAM induced charges in root exudation and mycorrhizosphere mycoflora. Mycorrhiza 5: 39— 44, Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 43 Gerdemann, J.W. & T.H. Nicolson 1963. Spores of mycorrhizal endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 46: 235-244. Hall, I.R. 1983. A summary of the features of endogonaceous taxa. Tech. Rep. No. 8. Agricultural Research Centre, Mosigel, New Zealand. Mosse, B. 1973. Advances in the study of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae. A. Rev. Phytopath.Il: 171-196. Mukerji, K.G. 1995. Taxonomy of endomycorrhizal fungi. /n: Advances in Botany (eds. K.G. Mukerji, Binny Mathur, B.P. Chamola & P. Chitralekha), pp. 212—218. APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. Mukerji, K.G. & R.K. Dixon 1992. Mycorrhizae in Reforestation. Jn: Rehabilitation of Tropical Rain-Forest Ecosystem - Research and Development Priorities (eds. N.M. Majid, A.A. Ab. Malik, Z. Md. Hamzdu & K. Jusoff), pp. 62-82. University Pertanian Malaysia Salangar Malaysia. Nicolson, T.H. 1995. The mycotrophic habit in grass. Thesis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, pp. 66-82. Philips, JM. & D.S. Hayman 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 55: 158-161. Powell, C.L.J. & D.J. Bagayraj 1984. Why all the interest. Jn: VA mycorrhizae; pp. 1-3 (eds. C.L.I. Powell & J. Bagayraj). Florida, CRC Press. Schenck, N.C. & Y. Perez 1990. Manual for the identification of VA mycorrhizal fungi. VAM 3”. edn., Gainsville, Florida; University of Florida. Varma, A. 1995. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: The state of Art. Crit. Rev. Biotech. 15: 179-199. Zaidi, R. & K.G. Mukerji 1983. Incidence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) in diseased and healthy plants. Indian J. Plant Pathol. 1: 24-26. 44 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 Table 1. VA mycorrhizal colonization in Compositae - Percentage of No. of vesicles No. of spores per ' rootsegments | peronecm 100 gm. : colonized : inrootbits = rhizosphere soil Ageratum conyzoides Bidens pilosa Blumea bifoliata Eclipta alba Galinsoga parviflora Gnaphalium purpureum : Launaea nudicaulis Sonchus arvensis (Diseased) Sonchus arvensis (Healthy) Tridax procumbens Vernonia cinerea Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 45 Table 2. Presence of different structures of VAM fungi in various Compositae Vesicles Test Plant External Y-shape Appresoria Perea Shape Number hyphae connection formation : : /em Ageratum conyzoides Bidens pilosa Blumea bifoliata Eclipta alba Galinsoga parviflora Gnaphalium purpureum Launaea nudicaulis Sonchus arvensis (Diseased) Sonchus arvensis (Healthy) Tridax procumbens Vernonia cinerea Designation A — Absent; P — Present; LP — Less Present; DP — Densely Present; O — Oval; R — Rounded. 46 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 GH Fig. 1. VAM structures. A: External hyphae with appresoria of Bidens pilosa. B: Appresoria of Bidens pilosa. C, D: Vesicles and external hyphae of Galinsoga parviflora. E, F: Vesicles and external hyphae of Vernonia cinerea. G, H: Internal hyphae and vesicle of Tridax procumbens. Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 47 NEW COMBINATIONS IN ECUADOREAN SENECIONEAE Bertil Nordenstam Department of Phanerogamic Botany Swedish Museum of Natural History P.O. Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden fbo-bertil@nrm.se Abstract Fifteen new combinations of Ecuadorean taxa in the genera Dendrophorbium, Monticalia, and Talamancalia are published. Introduction Ongoing studies on Ecuadorean Senecioneae for the ‘Catalogue of Vascular Plants of Ecuador’ and the ‘Flora of Ecuador’ necessitate a number of new combinations, some of which are published here. Others will follow in due course, as well as descriptions of some new taxa. New combinations Dendrophorbium amplexicaule (Kunth) B. Nord., comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio amplexicaulis Kunth in H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 4: 181(folio ed.), 142 (quarto ed.) (1820, text available in 1818). - Syn.: Pentacalia amplexicaulis (Kunth) Cuatrec., Phytologia 49: 252 (1981). - Orig. coll.: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n., Ecuador, prope Alausi et Tambo de Guamote Quitensium, allt. 1300-1500 hex.” (P holotype). Dendrophorbium angelense (Domke) B. Nord., comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio angelensis Domke in Diels, Biblioth. Bot. 116: 171 (1937). - Orig. coll.: Diels 785, Ecuador, Carchi: Above El Angel, upper forest limit, ca. 3200 m, 2.[X.1933 (B holotype 7). 48 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 Dendrophorbium balsapampae (Cuatrec.) B. Nord., comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio balsapampae Cuatrec., Fieldiana 27: 18 (1950). - Orig. coll.: A. Rimbach 240, Ecuador, W cordillera above Balsapampa, 2600 m, X.1934 (F holotype!). Dendrophorbium dodsonii (H. Robinson & Cuatrec.) B. Nord., comb. nov. Basionym: Pentacalia dodsonii H. Robinson & Cuatrec., Novon 3: 285 (1993). - Orig. coll.: Dodson & Thien 676, Ecuador, Zamora: Road from Loja to Zamora, 2800 m, 18.[X.1961 (SEL holotype). Dendrophorbium gesnerifolium (Cuatrec.) B. Nord., comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio gesnerifolius Cuatrec., Fieldiana Bot. 27: 33 (1950). - Orig. coll.: J. A. Steyermark 54743, Ecuador, Santiago-Zamora: Trail between Achupallas and Nudo de Sabanillas, 3000-3500 m, 17.X.1943 (F holotype!). Dendrophorbium ingens (Benoist) B. Nord., comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio ingens Benoist, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 83: 808 (1936). - Orig. coll.: Benoist 4467, Ecuador: *Chemin de Aloag a Santo Domingo de los Colorados, au km 18”, 4. VII.1931 (P holotype). Dendrophorbium onae (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey var. leonis (Cuatrec.) B. Nord., comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio onae Cuatrec. var. leonis Cuatrec.; Fieldiana Bot. 27: 33 (1950). - Orig. coll.: J. A. Steyermark 53697, Ecuador, Azuay: Dry rocky slopes bordering Rio Leén towards Ona, on N side of Rio Leén, 1970 m, 3.VIII.1943 (F holotype). Dendrophorbium solisii (Cuatrec.) B. Nord., comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio solisii Cuatrec., Fedde Repert. 55: 146 (1953). - Orig. coll.: M. Acosta Solis 10504, Ecuador, Carchi: Between Paja Blanca and El Cucho, 2900- 3200 m, 18.VII.1945 (F holotype!, F isotype!) Dendrophorbium tipocochense (Domke) B. Nord., comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio tipocochensis Domke in Diels, Biblioth. Bot. 116: 173 (1937). - Orig. coll.: Diels 594, Ecuador, Chimborazo: Oberer Bergwald, 3200 m, 17. VIII.1933 (B holotype *). Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 49 Dendrophorbium toreadoris (Cuatrec.) B. Nord., comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio toreadoris Cuatrec., Fieldiana Bot. 27: 34 (1950). - Orig. coll.: J. A. Steyermark 53021, Ecuador, Azuay: Between Molleturo and Toreador, 2590- 3900 m, 14.VI1.1943 (F holotype!). Monticalia andicola (Turcz.) C. Jeffrey var. pseudonitida (Cuatrec.) B. Nord., comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio andicola Turcz. var. pseudonitidus Cuatrec., Brittonia 12: 194 (1960). - Orig. coll.: Mille 725, Ecuador: Declivibus Antisana, 3600 m, I. 1917 (GH holotype). Monticalia befarioides (Cuatrec.) B. Nord., comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio befarioides Cuatrec., Fedde Repert. 55: 134 (1953). - Syn.: Pentacalia befarioides (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec., Phytologia 49: 253 (1981). - Orig. coll.: A. S. Hitchcock 21940, Ecuador, Chimborazo: Between Urbina and Mt. Chimborazo, 3600-4500 m, 4.X.1923, (US holotype). Monticalia microdon (Wedd.) B. Nord., comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio microdon Wedd., Chlor. And. 1: 102 (1856). - Syn.: Pentacalia microdon (Wedd.) Cuatrec., Phytologia 49: 256 (1981). - Orig. coll.: Jameson 118, Ecuador: ’Sur le mont Cotopaxi’, 1845 (P type). Monticalia teretifolia (Kunth) B. Nord., comb. nov. Basionym: Cacalia teretifolia Kunth in H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 4: 124 (folio ed.), 159 (quarto ed.) (1820, text available in 1818). - Syn.: Senecio teretifolius (Kunth) DC., Prodr. 6: 420 (1837); Microchaete teretifolia (Kunth) Benth., PI. Hartw. 209 (1845); Pentacalia teretifolia (Kunth) Cuatrec., Phytologia 49: 259 (1981). - Orig. coll.: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n., Ecuador: ”In arenosis juxta pagum Mulalo Quitensium ignivomos Cotopaxi et Ilinissa, alt. 1600 hex.” (P holotype). Talamancalia fosbergii (Cuatrec.) B. Nord., comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio fosbergii Cuatrec., Fedde Repert. 55: 138 (1953). - Orig. coll.: F. R. Fosberg & M. A. Giler 22946, Ecuador, Loja: NE slope of Cerro Mataperro 3 km SW San Pedro, 10 km WNW of Catamayo, 1815 m, 10.11.1945 (US holotype!). 50 Comp. Newsl. 29, 1996 The genus Talamancalia was recently reported as a new generic record for South America (Nordenstam & Pruski 1995), by transfer of the Ecuadorean Senecio putcalensis Hieron. to this genus. The available material of this species was collected more than a century ago in the Loja area. A related species was discovered in unnamed material on loan from the Aarhus University (AAU). Upon further study it turned out to be identical to Senecio fosbergii Cuatrec. This is obviously related to Talamancalia putcalensis, but sufficiently distinct to be maintained as a different species. It shares with T. putcalensis the pinnatilobate leaf-shape, but the leaves are larger and less dissected, white-tomentose on the lower side (thereby resembling 7. westonii H. Robinson & Cuatrec. from Costa Rica), and provided with distinctly winged petioles with conspicuously enlarged auricles at the base. The leaves of 7. putcalensis are only scabrous-hirsute below and the petioles are narrowly winged. All three previously known species of Talamancalia are said to possess orange-coloured rays, but 7. fosbergii has pure yellow ray-florets. This is not a very important difference, however, as can be seen from the variation within the related genus Dorobaea, where orange and yellow rays may occur within a species (Nordenstam & Pruski 1995). Talamancalia fosbergii has a restricted range in the Catamayo valley near Loja in southern Ecuador, where it grows on dry slopes at 1800-2000 m altitude. Apart from the type, the following two collections are known to me: Ecuador, Loja: Road Loja-Catamayo, in the Catamayo valley, 79°18’W, 3°57’S, 2000 m, 25.11.1989, Ollgaard et al. 90697 (AAU); Road San Pedro de la Bendita (W of Catamayo)-El Cisne, c. km 8 (N extension of the Catamayo valley), 1900 m, 79°25’ W,3°55’S, 25.11.1989, Ollgaard et al. 90706 (AAU). Reference Nordenstam, B. & J. F. Pruski 1995. Additions to Dorobaea and Talamancalia (Compositae-Senecioneae). Comp. Newsl. 27: 31-42. ; A Die DSQGAGwes gotab 17748, Stockholm 1996 ae oe ol ;