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“COMPOSITAE 6
* NEWSLETTER

Number 31 December 1997

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Scientific Editor: Bertil Nordenstam

Technical Editor: Gunnel Wirénius Noblin

Published and distributed by The Swedish Museum of Natural History,
Department of Phanerogamic Botany,

P.O. Box 50007,

S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden [ | RB
(Director: Professor Bertil Nordenstam) R A Re Y
ISSN 0284-8422

FEB ~ 9 499g

WANICAL
CONTENTS GARDEW

B. NORDENSTAM: The genus Aequatorium B. NorD. (Compositae-
Senecioneae) in Ecuador | Beall

S. HipAYAT: Study of Compositae in several conservation areas in Indonesia 17

GE XUEJUN: An emended description of Taraxacum pseudostenoceras

v. SOEST (Asteraceae) 21

B. NoRDENSTAM: A new combination in Dendrophorbium (Compositae-

Senecioneae) 90 ale
Book Review: CASSINI on Compositae II and Cassini on Compositae III by

JOHN F. PRUSKI & HAROLD ROBINSON 24

Book Review: HARLING, GUNNAR: The Genus Jungia L. fil. (Compositae-
Mutisieae) by JOHN F. PRUSKI 27

The International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) announces:
Registration of plant names 29

NEW TAXA AND COMBINATIONS PUBLISHED IN THIS ISSUE

Aequatorium B. NORD. subgen. Aequatorium: p. 1

Aequatorium B. NORD.
subgen. Praegynoxys (CUATREC.) B. NORD., comb. nov.: p. 2

Aequatorium lepidotum B. NORD., sp. nov.: p. 6
Aequatorium limonense B. NORD., sp. nov.: p. 14
Aequatorium repandiforme B. NORD., sp. nov.: p. 9

Dendrophorbium pericaule (GREENM.) B. NORD., comb. nov.: p. 22

Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997 ]

THE GENUS AEQUATORIUM B. NORD.
(COMPOSITAE-SENECIONEAE) IN ECUADOR

BERTIL NORDENSTAM
Department of Phanerogamic Botany
Swedish Museum of Natural History
P. O. Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
bertil.nordenstam@nrm.se

Abstract

A survey of the genus Aequatorium B. NORD. (Compositae-Senecioneae) in
Ecuador is presented. The genus is divided in two distinct subgenera, viz. subgen.
Aequatorium with white rays, obtuse style branches of disc-florets, and a
characteristic stellate tomentum, and subgen. Praegynoxys (CUATREC.) B. NORD.,
with yellow rays, pointed style branch tips, and substellate or irregularly branching
trichomes. Five Ecuadorian species are recognized, three of which are here
described as new,viz., A. repandiforme B. NorD., A. lepidotum B. NorD., and A.
limonense B. NORD. Senecio simulans BENOIST is a new synonym of A. jamesonii
(C. F. BLAKE) C. JEFFREY. A key to the Ecuadorian species is presented.

Introduction

Since the genus Aequatorium B. NORD. was described (NORDENSTAM 1978) the
knowledge of the genus has increased considerably (DIAZ-PIEDRAHITA &
CUATRECASAS 1990, JEFFREY 1992, ROBINSON & CUATRECASAS 1992, DIAz-
PIEDRAHITA & CUATRECASAS 1994) and it now comprises about 30 species
distributed in Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. These species
belong to two distinct groups, here treated as subgenera.

Subgenus Aequatorium is characterized by white rays, obtuse style branches of
disc-florets, and characteristic more or less peltate trichomes with a central stalk
and a stellately branched flattened disc (cf. NORDENSTAM 1978 Fig. 28K). The
lower sides of the leaves are densely covered by such trichomes of a white or
greyish colour, and typically they have an overlying layer of a scurfy brown or

2 Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997

orange-brown stellate tomentum, which is looser and peels off in patches. All
species of this subgenus have alternate leaves, but some opposite leaves may occur
in the upper parts. The subgenus comprises according to my current knowledge ten
species known only from Ecuador (4 spp.) and Colombia (6 spp.).

Subgenus Praegynoxys (CUATREC.) B. NORD., comb. nov. - Basionym: Senecio L.
sect. Praegynoxys CUATREC., Fieldiana Bot. 27 (2): 72 (1951). Syn.: Gynoxys
Cass. sect. Praegynoxys (CUATREC.) CUATREC., Brittonia 8: 157 (1955). - Type:
Senecio alternifolius (SCH. BIP.) GREENM. (= Aequatorium repandum (WEDD.) C.
JEFFREY).

Members of this subgenus have either opposite or alternate leaves. The tomentum
consists of irregularly branching trichomes, which are sometimes substellate or
rarely globular with short points, but not regularly stellate and peltate like in the
former subgenus. Also, the overlying evanescent brownish tomentum is lacking.
The rays are consistently yellow, and the styles of the disc-florets are pointed. The
subgenus is distributed from Argentina through Bolivia and Peru to southern
Ecuador. About ten species have been recognized as transfers from Senecio and
Gynoxys, or described as new (D{AZ-PIEDRAHITA & CUATRECASAS 1990, JEFFREY
1992, ROBINSON & CUATRECASAS 1992). Some more Bolivian species remain to
be described (NORDENSTAM, in prep.), and the subgenus obviously comprises
about 20 species.

The differences between the two subgenera may be sufficient for generic
distinction, since it is possible that subgenus Praegynoxys is closer to the genus
Gynoxys than to typical Aequatorium. Further investigations to elucidate these
relationships are in progress by the present author.

Material and methods

Herbarium material was studied from AAU, BR, F, K, MO, NY, P, S, and US, and
occasional sheets from a few more herbaria (abbreviations in accordance with
HOLMGREN et al. 1990). Field studies were carried oul in Ecuador in February
1992 (together with ROGER LUNDIN, who was studying mainly Gynoxys), but little
material of Aequatorium was collected, the flowering season of this genus being in
a different time of the year, viz. mainly in July to November. The drawings were
made by the present author.

Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997 3

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Fig. 1. Aequatorium asterotrichum B. Noro. - A: Portion of plant, x ¥. - B: Leaf,
upper and lower side, x2. - C: Capitulum, x 3. - D: Ray-floret, x 6. - E: Disc-flo-
ret, x6. - F: Corolla of disc-floret, laid out, x6. - G: Stamens, x12.5. - H: Style
branches (disc-floret), x12.5. - ASPLUND 18263 (S holo.).

4 Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997

Key to the Ecuadorian species of Aequatorium
1. Rays yellow. Leaves opposite, ovate, quite entire (subgen. Praegynoxys)
WP SRL isthe ce TO ee ee 5. A. limonense

- Rays white. Leaves alternate or some opposite, lanceolate—narrowly ovate-
oblong with sinuate-dentate or dentate—denticulate margins (subgen.
AC QUALOTININ) yack ia sis Bic. evidences onanendhe igen tee ee 2

2. Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong with flat margins
Pas taiaeavnnliéa des vane icennnn see ae eee Pee aes le 4. A. repandiforme

- Leaves lanceolate or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate ...........ccceceseeeeseeseeeeeteeeeeees 3

3. Leaves basally with distinctly revolute margins; involucre glabrous ..................
Pei era inns unseen cha dane Lear ad ov W aaas -tatk LA pose Oe 1. A. asterotrichum

- Leaves with + flat margins; involucre pubeSCeml.................cccsscesceeseeeeeereeeeeeeees 4
4. Leaves broadest near the base; stellate trichomes large, fluffy ....2. A. jamesonii

Leaves broadest about the middle; stellate trichomes small, scale-like ..............
OO ic esaas PMMA aa nated Sablon etestcacenesaii« Teh cubes se eee 3. A. lepidotum

Ecuadorian species of Aequatorium

1. Aequatorium asterotrichum B. NORD.

NORDENSTAM , Opera Bot. 44: 61 (1978). - Type: Ecuador. Napo: Lago Papallacta,
ca. 3,300 m, 31.X.1955, ASPLUND 18263 (S! holo.; K!, LD!, MO!, NY!, P!, R!,
UPS!, US! iso.).

Illustr.: Figs. 1, 6A.

Further collections examined: Ecuador. Pichincha: 50 kin on road to Papallacta,
just before summit of road, 3,900 m, 3.II.1991, NORDENSTAM & LUNDIN 160 (K!,
NY!, S!). Napo: Papallacta, NE of lake, 3,400 m, 17.VIII.1990, JARAMILLO,
GRUAIVA & GRUIJAIVA 11841 (MO!).

Fig. 2. Aequatorium jamesonii (S. F. BLAKE) C. JEFFREY. - A: Portion of plant,
x Y2. - B: Leaf, upper side, x %. - C: Capitulum, x 3. - D: Ray-floret, x 6. - E: Dise-
floret, x 6. - F: Corolla of disc-floret, laid out, x 6. - G: Stamens, x 12.5. - H: Style
branches (disc-floret), x 12.5. - HEILBORN 656 (S).

Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997 5

6 Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997

Flowering period: Aug.—Nov.

This species, the generic type, is apparently endemic to the Papallacta area
(Pichincha and Napo Provinces). The collection from Cotopaxi cited by Diaz-
PIEDRAHITA & CUATRECASAS (1990) as belonging to this species, viz. CERON,
NEILL & PALACIOS 3793 (cited as 3993”), is referable to A. repandiforme (see
below). The leaves of A. asterotrichum have a characteristic shape, being narrowly
elliptic-lanceolate and broadest about the middle, and towards the base the margins
are distinctly revolute and somewhat wrinkled. The involucral bracts are glabrous,
in contrast to the two following species.

2. Aequatorium jamesonii (S. F. BLAKE) C. JEFFREY

JEFFREY, Kew Bull. 47(1): 61 (1992). - Gynoxys jamesonii S. F. BLAKE, J. Wash.
Acad. Sci. 18: 34 (1928). - Type: Ecuador, JAMESON 227 (K! holo.).

Senecio simulans BENOIST, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 83: 808 (1936), syn. nov., nom illeg.
(non S. simulans CHIOV., Racc. Bot. Miss. Consol. Kenya, 70, 1935); Gynoxys
simulans CUATREC., Brittonia 8: 158 (1955). - Type: Ecuador, W du Pichincha,
12.VII.1931, BENOIST 4572 (P! holo.). - Because of the homonymy CUATRECASAS
created a new name, Gynoxys simulans CUATREC., not a new combination.

Illustr.: Figs. 2, 6C.

Further collection examined: Ecuador. Pichincha: Cerro Pichincha, Nono,
20.V.1920, HEILBORN 656 (K!, S!).

Flowering period: May—July.

A. jamesonii differs from A. asterotrichum by the pubescent involucre and in
leafshape. Both species have more or less lanceolate leaves tapering towards both
ends, but in A. jamesonii the leaves are broadest near the base, and the basal
margins are not distinctly revolute as in A. asterotrichum. The species seems to be
restricted to the Pichincha area and is evidently rare. I searched it in vain in 1992
in the vicinity of Nono, where it was collected by HEILBORN in 1920. This area is
now much devastated with litile natural vegetation remaining.

3. Aequatorium lepidotum B. NORD., sp. nov.

Type: Ecuador. Carchi: El Mirador, 15 km S of San Francisco, 77°31’ W, 00°37’N,
2.VIII.1990, PALACIOS & RUBIO 5286 (MO! holo; US! iso.).

Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997 7

Illustr.: Figs. 3, 6B.

Arbor 4—6 m. alta, ramis et ramulis striatis vel costatis, ramulis hornotinis stel-
lato-tomentosis. Folia alterna petiolata, lamina anguste elliptico-oblonga ad ellip-
tico-lanceolata plana supra plerumque glabra subtus tomento stellato duplici
canescenti et ferrugineo vestita, margine denticulata. Capitulescentia pyramidalis.
Involucrum obconicum stellato-tomentosum paucicalyculatum, bracteis plerumque
8 anguste oblongis vel elliptico-oblongis obtusis. Flosculi radii 5, lamina alba bre-
vis tubo fere aequilonga. Flosculi disci 5S—10. Cypselae glabrae; pappi setae nu-
merosae barbellatae persistentes.

Fig. 3. Aequatorium lepidotum B. Nor. - A: Capitulum, x 3. - B: Ray-floret, x 6.
- C: Disc-floret, x 6. - D: Corolla of disc-floret, laid out, x 6. - E: Stamens, x 12.5.
- F: Styles branches (disc-floret), x 12.5. - PALACIOS & RUBIO 5286 (MO holo.).

8 Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997

Tree 4—6 m tall. Stems and branches striate—ribbed, with a dense brownish—
greyish tomentum of small intermingled stellate hairs, becoming more greyish and
subglabrescent with age. Leaves alternate, spreading, petiolate; petiole 1—2.5 cm
long, densely stellate-tomentose; lamina flat, narrowly elliptic-oblong to elliptic-
lanceolate, usually broadest around the middle and tapering towards both ends, 7—
13 cm long and 2—3.5 cm wide (uppermost leaves smaller); upper side glabrous
or young leaves and midrib with a patchy short tomentum; lower side densely ap-
pressed-tomentose with small stellate trichomes in 2—3 layers: innermost layer
silvery-grey, very dense and entangled, overtopped with a layer of scale-like
brownish stellate trichomes, and sometimes with scattered whitish stellate
trichomes on top; leaf margins distantly denticulate-mucronate; apex acute—
acuminate and apiculate; base subcuneate to truncate; lateral veins prominent on
lower side, emitted at almost right angles, arching and anastomising before
reaching leaf margin. Capitula numerous in divaricate pyramidal terminal synflo-
rescences, peduncles mostly spreading or some reflexed, supported by small bracts.
Involucre obconical; involucral bracts (6—)8, subuniseriate, partly overlapping,
narrowly oblong—elliptic-oblong, midribbed or keeled, densely and shortly stel-
late-pubescent, but inner margins often glabrous, 4—5S mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide,
obtuse to subacute. Calyculus bracts small, 3—5, triangular-subulate, 0.5—1 mm
long, shortly pubescent. Receptacle flat or slightly convex, glabrous, minutely fo-
veolate. Ray-florets 5, white; tube 3—4 mm long, cylindrical, glabrous; lamina
narrowly elliptic-oblong—narrowly oblong, 2—4 mm long, 1—1.7 mm wide, 2—
4-veined, apically usually 2—3-fid. Style slender, long exserted; style branches ca.
0.5—0.8 mm long, obtuse. Disc-florets S—10; corolla 4.5—5 mm long; tube 2—
2.5 mm long; limb narrowly campanulate—subtubular, 2.5 mm long, deeply 5-
lobed; lobes lanceolate, ca. 2 mm long, 0.3—0.5 mm wide, midlined, glabrous,
acute. Anthers ca. 1.5 mm long incl. appendage; apical appendage narrowly ovate-
oblong with rounded or subtruncate apex; base sagittate; endothecial tissue polar-
ized. Style becoming much exserted; branches linear, 0.7—1 mm long; apex ob-
tuse with very short sweeping-hairs, ontsides papillate. Cypselas narrowly oblong,
glabrous. Pappus bristles numerous, persistent, 4—S mm long, minutely barbel-
late, off-white or somewhat fulvous.

Flowering period: July—Dec.

Further collections examined: Ecuador. Carchi: El Mirador, 15 km S of San
Francisco, 77°31’W, 00°37°N, 3,300 m, 2.VIII.1990, PALACIos & RuBIO 5280
(MO!, US!); Montufar Canton, Loma El Coraz6n (Bretafia), 77°42’W, 00°35°N,
3,150 m, 22—23.]1.1992, PALACIOS & TIPAZ 10538 (MO!); Espejo, Reserva
Ecolégica El Angel, viejo camino El Angel-Tulcan, sitio La Rabija, 77°54'W,
00°40'N, 3,400 m, 31.X.1993, PALACIos 11688 (MO!, QCNE).

Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997 9

This species resembles A. jamesonii, but the leaves are differently shaped, being
broadest around the middle. Also, the synflorescence is more lax and divaricate
with branches divergent at often right angles, and the bracts and calycular bracts
are smaller. From A. asterotrichum it is distinguished 1. a. by the pubescent in-
volucre and the flat leaf-margins. The very small and scale-like trichomes are a
characteristic feature, differing from those in other species of the subgenus. The
species is so far only known from a restricted range in northern Ecuador (Carchi
Prov.).

4. Aequatorium repandiforme B. NORD., sp. nov.

Type: Ecuador. Pichincha: Over high pass en route to Quito, 92 km E of Quevedo,
3,400 m, 19.[X.1959, B. MAGUIRE & C. MAGUIRE 44246 (NY! holo.; K!, US!
isO.).

Illustr.: Figs. 4, 5, 6D—E.

Frutex procerus vel arbor ad 5 m. alta. Ramuli hornouni stellato-pubescentes,
vetustiores glabrescentes costati. Folia alterna vel superiora opposita petiolata;
lamina elliptico-oblonga vel anguste ovato-oblonga ad ovato-lanceolata plana, su-
pra glabra nitida, subtus tomento stellato duplici canescenti et ferrugineo vestita,
margine dentato. Capitulescentia corymbosa ramosissima. Involucrum subcylind-
ricum—anguste cupuliforme + stellato-tomentosum, interdum glabrescens vel
glabrum; bracteis plerumque 8 oblongis. Flosculi radii 2—5, lamina alba. Flosculi
disci 5—9, corolla flavovirens vel albida. Styli rami lineares obtusi vel truncati.
Antherae basi breviter sagittatae. Cypselae glabrae_ c. 8-costatae. Pappi setae nu-
merosae barbellatae fulvidae persistentes.

Tall shrub or tee 2—8 m high. Stems and branches somewhat square, furrowed
and ribbed, greyish stellate-tomentose when young. Leaves alternate or upper ones
opposite, + spreading, petiolate; petiole 1—3 cm long, densely greyish stellate-
tomentose; lamina elliptic-oblong to narrowly ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate,
broadest below or sometimes about the middle, 4—17 cm long, 2—6 cm wide,
flat, upper side glabrous or somewhat pubescent when young, shiny, deep green,
sometimes impressed-reticulate, lower side densely greyish-white-tomentose with
stellate hairs, and a looser, rusty brown, stellate tomentum, evanescent in patches;
margins irregularly dentate with blunt mucronate teeth mainly basally, otherwise
denticulate-mucronate; leaf-base obtuse—truncate or slightly emarginate-cordate,
often oblique; apex acute—subobtuse; midrib distinct esp. on lower side, ca. 8—15
lateral veins on each side, emitted at + right angles, and a faint to distinct reticu-
late venation pattern. Synflorescence broadly corymbose, richly branched, brac-

10 Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997

teate, with erect—spreading branches. Involucre narrowly cupshaped— obconical
or subcylindrical; involucral bracts (5—)8 , subuniseriate and partly overlapping,
narrowly oblong or elliptic-oblong, 4—6 mm long, 1—2.5 mm wide, pale green,
at least partly stellate-tomentose (inner margins glabrous), sometimes glabrescent
or rarely nearly glabrous, midribbed with fainter parallel veins, obtuse with usually
purple or brownish apical margins. Calyculus bracts 3—5, inconspicuous, 0.5—1.5
mm long, lanceolate or deltoid. Ray-florets 2—5; tube cylindrical, 4—5 mm long;
lamina narrowly oblong or elliptic-oblong, 3—5 mm long, 0.7—1.5 mm wide,
white, faintly or distinctly veined, usually 2—3-fid at the apex; style branches line-
ar, obtuse to truncate. Disc-florets 5—8(—10); corolla 6—7 mm long, greenish
yellow or greenish white; tube 2.5—3.5 mm long, cylindrical; limb narrowly cam-
panulate, 3—3.5 mm long, lobes lanceolate, 1.5—2.2 mm long, midlined, becom-
ing recurved. Anthers 1.8—2 mm long, brown with rosy-purple margins and con-
nective; appendage oblong-ovate, obtuse; base shortly sagittate; collar straight.
Style branches linear, yellow or purplish, apically obtuse to truncate with very
short sweeping-hairs. Cypselas narrowly oblong-obovate, glabrous, with ca. 8 ribs
or veins. Pappus bristles numerous, 5—6 mm long, somewhat fulvous, minutely
barbellate, persistent, basally connate.

Flowering period: June—Dec.

The vernacular name is ”Yacupato” (in ‘Quech’, fide coll. CAZALET &
PENNINGTON 5512).

Further collections: Ecuador. Imbabura: Along trail between Rio Clavadero and
ridge 10 miles S of Las Toldadas, E of Cayambe, 3,100 m, 27.VII.1944, WIGGINS
10493 (US!); Lago San Marcos, Cayambe, 3,400 m, 28.X1.1961, CAZALET &
PENNINGTON 5381 (B, BM, F, K!, MICH, NY, US!); Lago San Marcos, Cayambe,
3,400 m, 4.X11.1961, CAZALET & PENNINGTON 5512 ( B, BM, F, K!,MICH, NY,
US!). Napo: Llanganati, N slope towards Rio Golpe, just N of Chosa Aucacocha,
78°18 W, 01°08’S, 3,500 m, 15.V.1982, @LLGAARD et al. 38621 (US!) (Somewhat
deviating, but material insufficient for a definite determination). Cotopaxi: Carre-
tera Latacunga-Pilal6-Quevedo, 5—15 km E of Pilalé, 79°01’ W, 00°5S’S, 2,700—
3,350 m, 22.V.1988, CERON, NEILL & PALACIOS 3793 (MO!), wrongly cited as no.
”3993” and as A. asterotrichum in DiAZ-PIEDRAHITA & CUATRECASAS (1990).
Morona-Santiago: E slopes of the cordillera, valley of the Rio Negro, down to the
Rio Pailas (on the trail to Mendez), between Tambo Cerro Negro and the Péramo
del Castillo, 2,900—3,350 m, 20—24. VIIT.1945, Camp E-4976 leg. F. PRIETO (K!,
MO!, NY!, S!, US!); Muletrack Sevilla de Oro—Méndez, E slope, at Cerro Negro,
El Castillo, 78°34'W, 02°47’°S, 3,000—3,250 m, 16.[X.1976, @LLGAARD &
BALSLEV 9498 (AAU!, NY!).

Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997 11

A rather widespread though endemic species, which is variable especially in leaf
shape and texture, and pubescence. The leaves are large, generally broadest well
below the middle, and the leaf-margins are sometimes distinctly dentate, some-
times only shallowly denticulate-mucronate. The involucre generally has some
stellate pubescence, sometimes patchy, sometimes dense, but inner margins of in-
volucral bracts are usually glabrous, rarely all of them.

Fig. 4. Aequatorium repandiforme B. Norb. - A: Leaf, lower side, x 2. - B: Ca-
pitulum, x 3. - C: Ray-floret, x 6. - D: Disc-floret, x 6. - E: Corolla of disc-floret,
laid out, x 6. - F: Stamens, x 12.5. - G: Style branches (disc-floret), x 12.5. - CAMP
E-4976 (S).

<my
4 i 7
me

MY,
Dy
} 4

Fig. 5. Aequatorium repandiforme B. Norb., form with glabrous involucres. - A:
Portion of plant, x %. - B: Capitulum, x 3. - C: Ray-floret, x 3. - D: Disc-floret,
x 3. - E: Corolla of disc-floret, laid out, x 6. - F: Stamens, x 12.5. - G: Style
branches (disc-floret), x 12.5. - H: Style branch (disc-floret), inside, x 12.5. -
MAGUIRE & MAGUIRE 44246 (K).

Fig. 6. Leaves of Aequatorium spp., upper (left) and lower (right) sides, x Y2. - A:
A. asterotrichum B. NorD. (ASPLUND 18263, S). - B: A. lepidotum B. Norb.
(PALACIOS & TIPAZ 10538, MO). - C: A. jamesonii (S. F. BLAKE) C. JEFFREY
(HEILBORN 656, S). - D: A. repandiforme B. NorD. (CAZALET & PENNINGTON
5381, K). - E: A. repandiforme B. Norb. (Camp E-4976, NY, K)

14 Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997

5. Aequatorium limonense B. NORD., sp. nov.

Type: Ecuador. Morona-Santiago: 49 km from Lim6n on road to Gualaceo, 2,300
m, 16.VII.1996, STAHL & KNUDSEN 2882 (S! holo.).

Illustr.: Fig. 7.

Arbor ad 5 m. alta. Folia opposita longe petiolata, lamina ovata 7—12 cm. longa
5—7 cm. lata integerrima subacuta basi cordata vel truncata subtus viridi- vel in-
fuscati-tomentosa pilis ramosis plerumque substellatis. Capitulescentia late corym-
bosa. Involucrum cupuliforme, bracteis 6—8 elliptico-oblongis vel ovato-oblongis
pubescentibus pilis ramosis plerumque substellatis. Flosculi radii 3, lamina ob-
longa flava tubo longior. Flosculi disci c. 10 flaviflori. Styli rami lineares apicibus
conicis acutis breviter penicillatis. Cypsela glabra costata. Pappi setae basi conna-
tae persistentes minute barbellatae sed apicem versus dilatatae et distincte barbel-
latae.

'reelet 2—5 m high, with soft-wooded stems and brittle branches. Leaves oppo-
site (at least the upper ones), spreading, long-petiolate; petiole 2—3 cm long;
lamina ovate, 7—12 cm long, 5—7 cm wide, subacute with a little mucro, margins
entire or slightly undulate, leaf-base broadly and shallowly cordate to almost trun-
cate, lateral veins ca. 8—12 on each side, basal ones emitted at right angles from
the midrib, otherwise slightly oblique (80°), arching and anastomosing to a reticu-
late pattern; lower side light brownish-greenish-tomentose with stellate hairs. Syn-
florescence broadly corymbose with erecto-patent branches, ca. 20 cm wide. In-
yolucre cupshaped; involucral bracts 6—8, subuniseriate (partly overlapping), el-
liptic-oblong or ovate-oblong, 4—5 mm long, 1—2 mm wide, green and light
brown-hirsute with simple or branched, partly stellate hairs, inner with broad
membranous glabrous margins, apically obtuse. Calyculus bracts 4—6, ovate—
lanceolate, 1—2 mm long, hirsute-puberulous. Receptacle slightly convex, alveo-
late. Ray-florets 3—S, yellow; tube 3—5S mm long; lamina oblong, 6—8 mm long,
2—3 mm wide, usually 4-veined. Disc-florets ca. 10; corolla 7—8 mm long, yel
low; tube 2.5—3 mm long; limb 4.5—5 mm long, 5-lobed; lobes narrowly tri-
angular-ovate, 2 mm long, 0.7—0.9 mm wide basally, faintly midlined. Anthers
2.5—3 mm long incl. appendage and tails; apical appendage narrowly ovate, sub-
acute, 0.7 mm long; anther base caudate; filament collar straight, uniform. Style
branches linear, 2 mm long, apically triangular-conical with an acute small tuft of
hairs and papillae; stigmatic area finely divided basally but confluent towards the
apex; outsides puberulous distally. Cypselas glabrous, oblong-obovate, ca. 8—10-

Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997 15

Fig. 7. Aequatorium limonense B. Noro. - A: Portion of plant, x 2. - B: Ray-flo-
ret, x 3. - C: Disc-floret, x 3. - D: Corolla of disc-floret, laid out, x 3. - E: Stamens,
x 12.5. - F: Style branches (disc-floret), x 12.5. - STAHL & KNUDSEN 2882 (S
holo.).

16 Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997

veined or -ribbed, with a short carpopodium. Pappus bristles 4.5—6 mm long, pe-
rsistent, basally connate, white and almost smooth (minutely barbellate),
slender,but apically somewhat dilated and closely barbellate-denticulate and
fulvous.

Flowering period: July—Sept.

Further collection examined: Ecuador. Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera 11 km E
Loja, 79°07’ W, 04°00’S, 2,600 m, 5.IX.1975, E. L. LITTLE et al. 232 (NY!).

The flowerheads are scented, according to the collectors of the type material.

This is the northernmost and only Ecuadorian representative of subgenus Praegy-
noxys so far known. Its relations seem to be with Peruvian species such as A. tues-
tae (CUATREC.) H. RoB. & CUATREC., A. carpishense (CUATREC.) H. Ros. &
CUATREC., and A. stellatopilosum (GREENM. ex GREENM. & CUATREC.) C. JEF-
FREY, all of which are distinct from the Ecuadorian species by glabrous involucres
and larger leaves, and a combination of other characters.

References

DiAZ-PIEDRAHITA, S & J. CUATRECASAS 1990). El género Aequatorium Norb.
(Senecioneae- Asteraceae) en Colombia. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 17(67):
659—666.

DiAZ-PIEDRAHITA, S. & J. CUATRECASAS 1994. Novedades colombianas en el
género Aequatorium Norb. (Asteraceae, Senecioneae). Rev. Acad. Colomb.
Cienc. 19(73): 247—252.

HOLMGREN, P. K., HOLMGREN, N. H. & L. C. BARNETT 1990. Index Herbari-
orum. Part I: The Herbaria of the World, ed. 8. New York: Botanical Garden.

JEFFREY, C. 1992. The tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) in the Mascarene Islands
with an annotated world check-list of the genera of the tribe. Kew Bull. 47: 49—
109.

NORDENSTAM, B. 1978. Taxonomic studies in the tribe Senecioneae (Composi-
tae). Opera Bot. 44: 1—83.

ROBINSON, H. & J. CUATRECASAS 1992. Additions to Aequatorium and Gynoxys
(Asteraceae: Senecioneae) in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. Novon 2: 411—416.

Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997 17

STUDY OF COMPOSITAE IN SEVERAL
CONSERVATION AREAS IN INDONESIA

SYAMSUL HIDAYAT
Bogor Botanical garden
Ji.tIr. H.Juanda no.13, Bogor
Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest flora diversity in the world.
Compositae, the largest flowering plants, is distributed throughout the Indonesian
archipelago but only a few people are concerned about conservation.

Interesting information on Compositae has been collected during field surveys in
Indonesian conservation areas. This information provides sufficient reason for
giving particular attention to several species such as the endemic Sonchus malaia-
nus. It is necessary to conduct further research, management and conservation of
such species, especially the endemic, rare and often used species.

This paper discusses the result of field surveys in four conservation areas in Suma-
tra and Sulawesi. It is hoped that the results of these surveys will be useful for
Compositae research and conservation in Indonesia.

Introduction

Many Compositae species grow well in Indonesian archipelago, but only limited
amount of research on wild Compositae has been conducted in Indonesian tropical
rain forest. There is also limited information available about wild Compositae
species which might be useful to people in the future. At present little or no sys-
tematics research is being conducted on Indonesian species. Some biological,
ecological and ethnobotanical studies are being conducted. KOSTER (1935) has
published on the Compositae (especially Vernonieae and Eupatorieae) in Indone-
sia. At present, Mrs. THTROSOEDIRDJO from SEAMEO-Biotrop is studying weedy
Compositae in Sumatra. Various other Indonesian researchers collect ethnobotani-
cal information.

18 Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997

Conservation activities should be concerned with all species, whether useful or not.
In Compositae many species are weedy but even some of these are used in tradi-
tional remedies and as traditional food. Many Compositae are cosmopolitan, but
some are restricted to a more limited area. It is important that ethnobotanical in-
formation is combined with ecological studies of Compositae to enable effective
conservation.

Methods

Observations of Compositae species were conducted from 1995—1996 in Lore
Lindu National Park, Kerinci Seblat National Park, Bukit Tiga Puluh National
Park, and Lingga Isaq Game Park. Surveys were conducted in 4 main habitats:
brush land, open steep sided valleys, grassland/ open plain areas and rain forest.

The Compositae species found in each habitat and their ehtnobotanical uses were
valued and recorded during interviews with local people. Location information was
recorded on temperature, humidity, altitude, and soil pH.

Results and Discussion

In total 16 species of Compositae were recorded from the conservation areas
(Table 1), 14 species from forest edge and 2 species from within the forest.

The Sumatran endemic Sonchus malaianus (BOULOS 1972) was found in secon-
dary forest of Serule, Aceh province at 900—1,000 m altitude, while S. asper was
found in damp and shady forest of Kerinci Seblat National Park at 1,500 m alti-
tude.

Vernonia is a large, sometimes woody genus of Compositae belonging to the Ver-
nonieae tribe. One of the species is Vernonia arborea, which occurs in tropical
forest. In Indonesia, V. arborea could be found in Lingga Isaq Game Park and also
iN some conservation areas in Bali and Sulawesi. The habitat of Vernonia has a
temperature range of 21°C —29°C, relative humidity 62 %—95 % and soil pH
6.5—7. KOSTER (1935) described two endemic Vernonias from Sumatra,
V. patentissima and V. durifolia.

Mikania cordata is native to Indonesia (TJITROSOEDIRDJO 1996) and endemic to
Southeast Asia (HOLMES 1995). It is in competition with M. micrantha, an intro-
duced species from tropical America. This species was found as a climbing plant
in brushland habitat in Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park.

Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997 19

An interesting discovery was Gynura procumbens. The species, which is said to
come from Burma and China, was found in secondary forest of Lore Lindu Na-
tional Park (Central Sulawesi) and Lingga Isaq Game Park (Aceh) at 1,000 m alti-
tude with a temperature range 21°C—30°C and relative humidity 65 %—95 %. In
both places, the species grew well in a dense forest and half open canopy. These
areas were inaccessible and far from local communities. G. procumbens in Lingga
Isaq was flowering and growing well as a climber on Macaranga tararia and
Schefflera sp. at 1,000 m altitude. G. procumbens in Lore Lindu was growing well
at 1,250 m altitude as an erect and individual plant. This discovery indicates that
the species may also be native to Indonesia.

Blumea balsamifera is commonly found at the edge of secondary forest, but
Blumea lacera is difficult to find. KOSTER (1935) found Blumea lacera var.
microchepala in Singgalang mountains (Sumatra) at 360 m altitude. In Lingga Isaq
and Bukit Tiga Puluh, Blumea lacera was found in grassland and open plain area
at 900 m altitude.

The other Compositae species found at the forest edge were Ageratum conyzoides
and Eupatorium inulifolium, both from tropical America. These introduced species
grow very fast and have become important weeds in many areas of Indonesia. The
first herbarium collection of E. inulifolium was made by BOERLAGE in 1888, and it
is now very widely distributed in Java, Sumatra, and Moluccas. A. conyzoides was
introduced to Indonesia in 1813—1816, and since 1854 has been the main weed in
coffee plantations. Nevertheless, like other Compositae, A. conyzoides is also often
used as a medicinal plant by many Indonesian people.

Conclusion

Most people researching Compositae in Indonesia are concerned with the weedy or
omamental species. Nevertheless, some species are also important and have po-
tential as medicinal plants, and some others are endemic and rare. It is important to
think about Compositae conservation activity, and continuous surveying is re-
quired to continue compilation of information.

References

BOULOs, L. 1972. Révision Systématique du Genre Sonchus L s.1. I. Introduction
et Classification. Bot. Notiser 125: 287-305.

20 Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997

HIDAJAT, E.B. 1994. Sonchus L. In: J.S. SIEMONSMA & KASEM PILUEK (eds.)
Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Prosea No. 8 Vegetables, pp. 260—262.
Bogor.

HOLMES, W.C. 1995. A review preparatory to an infrageneric classification of
Mikania (Eupatorieae). In: D.J.N. HIND et al. (eds.), Advances in Compositae
Systematics, pp. 239—254. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

KOSTER, J.T. 1935. The Compositae of the Malay Archipelago 1. Vernonieae and
Eupatorieae. N.V. Boek en Steendrukkerij Eduard Ijdo, Leiden.

TJITROSOEDIRDJO, S.S. 1996. Gulma Anggota Suku Asteraceae di Sumatra.
Prosiding Konferensi XIII HIGI. Lampung.

Table 1. Habitat and Uses of Compositae Species

medicine, food
medicine

medicine

medicine and timber

Fr = Forest, Br = Brush, OS = Open slope, Op = Open plain, Gr = Grassland

Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997 21

AN EMENDED DESCRIPTION OF TARAXACUM
PSEUDOSTENOCERAS V.SOEST (ASTERACEAE)

GE XUEJUN
Department of Plant Taxonomy
South China Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica
Guangzhou 510650, P.R.China
gxj @ms.gzb.ac.cn

Taraxacum pseudostenoceras V. SOEST

V. SOEST in Bull. Brit. Mus.(Nat. His.) Bot. 2(10): 271. 1961.

Holotype: Nepal, Mustang, 4,500 m, on open grass slopes, 5 Aug.1954, STAINTON,
SYKES & WILLAMS 2189 (BM).

In the type material no ripe achenes are present. Based on other specimens from
Qinghai and Gansu , China, an emendation description of the achenes can be given
for this species:

Achenium atro-stramineum, c. 3—3.5 mm. longum (pyramide exclusa), superne
spinulosum caeterum leviter tuberculatum, in pyramidem conicam c. 1 mm. lon-
gam sat abrupte abiens. Rostrum 6—8 mm. longum; pappus sordide albus, 5—6
mm. longus.

Achenes dark straw-coloured ; body 3—3.5 mm long, oblanceolate, spinulose in
upper part, otherwise slightly tuberculate, cone up to 1 mm, conical; beak 6—8
mim long, slender. Pappus dirty white, 5—6 mm.

Specimens examined: P.R.China. Qinghai Province: Tongren Xian, 3,200 m,
16.VII.1970, ZHOU LIHUA & SUN LINAN 1236 (HNWP); Guide Xian, 3,000 m,
24.VII.1989, LI SHANGWU 3304 (HNWP); Zeku Xian, 3,440 m,7.VIII.1970, ZHOU
Linus & SUN LINAN 1369 (HNWP). Gansu Province: Xiahe Xian, 2,850 m,
1. VIII.1979, HEy1 041( LZU).

22 Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997

A NEW COMBINATION IN DENDROPHORBIUM
(COMPOSITAE-SENECIONEAE)

BERTIL NORDENSTAM
Department of Phanerogamic Botany
Swedish Museum of Natural History
P.O. Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
bertil.nordenstam @nrm.se

Abstract

Dendrophorbium pericaule (GREENM.) B. NORD. is a new combination for a rare
Ecuadorian species and a taxonomic synonym of D. toreadoris (CUATREC.) B.
Norb.

Introduction

Although the type of Senecio pericaulis GREENM. has not been studied by me, it is
obvious that it is conspecific with S. toreadoris CUATREC. The latter was recently
transferred to the genus Dendrophorbium (NORDENSTAM 1996).

Dendrophorbium pericaule (GREENM.) B. NORD., comb. nov.

Basionym: Senecio pericaulis GREENM., Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 10: 89 (1923). -
Orig. coll.: Ecuador, mountains, Prov. of Cuenca, July 1864, JAMESON s. n., U. S.
Nat. Herb. No. 700136 (US holo., n.v.).

Syn.: Senecio toreadoris CUATREC., Fieldiana Bot. 27(1): 34 (1950); Dendrophor-
bium toreadoris (CUATREC.) B. NoRD., Comp. Newsl. 29: 49 (1996). - Orig. coll.:
Ecuador, Prov. Azuay, between Molleturo and Toreador, 2,590—3,900 m,
14.V1.1943, STEYERMARK 53021(F! holo.).

Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997 23

Further collections: Ecuador. Azuay: Gafiadel, c. 3,100 m, 23.1X.1935, ASPLUND
17740, 17741(S!). Loja: Cerro Villonaco, above La Virgen (new road), 2,400—
2,500 m, 15.11.1993, HARLING 27118(S!).

HARLING’s collection is a branch with very young flowerheads and the vegetative
parts lack the short pubescence observed in the other material. It is therefore cited
here with some hesitation.

The species discussed here is perhaps anomalous in Dendrophorbium because of
its (at least sometimes) climbing or hanging habit, in this respect resembling true
Pentacalias. The sessile and clasping leaves are also unusual in Dendrophorbium,
but not unique, since D. amplexicaule (KUNTH) B. Norb. has this feature. Another
uncommon character is the presence of peculiar hairs on the disc-floret corolla
lobes. The generic position of the species is maybe not finally settled, and further
studies are underway.

Reference

NORDENSTAM, B. 1996. New combinations in Ecuadorean Senecioneae. Comp.
Newsletter 29: 47—S0.

24 Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997

BOOK REVIEW

CASSINI on Compositae II. Collected from the Bulletin des Sciences par la Soci-
été Philomatique de Paris. Arranged with a brief introduction and an index by: R.
M. KING, P. C. JANASKE, and D. B. LELLINGER. Monographs in Systematic Botany
from the Missouri Botanical Garden. Vol. 54: xii, 1—189. 1995. ISSN 0161-1542.
ISBN 0-915279-31-2. $20.00 U.S., $22.00 non-U.S.

CASSINI on Compositae III. Collected from the Journal de Physique, de
Chimie, d’ Histoire Naturelle et des Arts and from the Annales des Sciences
Naturelles. Arranged with a brief introduction and an index by: R. M. KING,
P. C. JANASKE, and D. B. LELLINGER. Monographs in Systematic Botany from
the Missouri Botanical Garden. Vol. 55: viii, 1—S07. 1995. ISSN 0161-1542.
ISBN 0-915279-32-0. $40.00 U.S., $43.00 non-US.

Two additional sets of facsimile reproductions of HENRI CASSINI (1781-1832)
articles have been produced in paperback with brief introductions, completing
the “CASSINI on Compositae’ series. ROBERT M. KING, PAUL C. JANASKE, and
DAVID B. LELLINGER have done a favor to the botanical public by collecting
the remaining indexed works of CASSINI and making them readily available in
‘CASSINI on Compositae’ II and II. These volumes contain the protean work
of CASSINI on the largest dicot family and are thus essential references for both
floristicians and synantherologists.

This series of facsimile reproductions was begun by KING and H. W. DAwson,
who in 1975 produced “CASSINI on Compositae’ [I], Parts 1-3 by Oriole Edi-
tions. These parts contain facsimile reproductions of CASSINI’s truly monu-
mental work on Compositae that appeared in the Dictionnaire des Sciences
Naturelles between 1816—1830. The new parts are II, including articles from
Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomatique de Paris 1812—1821, and
III, including articles from Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’Histoire
Naturelle et des Arts 1813—1823 and from Annales des Sciences Naturelles
1827—1831. The simple yet effective arrangement of the newer “CASSINI on
Compositae’ II and III nearly parallels that of the original series.

‘CASSINI on Compositae’ II and II each begins with a Table of Contents and a
brief Introduction (seven paragraphs in II and three paragraphs in III) that re-
fers the reader to the thorough introduction in “CASSINI on Compositae’ [I] for
details on CASSINI’s life and importance. The bulk of texts are the facsimile re-
productions of CASSINI’s work on Compositae published between 1812—1831
in Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomatique de Paris, Journal de
Physique, de Chimie, d’Histoire Naturelle et des Arts, and Annales des

Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997 25

Sciences Naturelles. Pages are reproduced without alteration in III, and are re-
produced with altered page breaks, but with original pagination marked in the
margins in II. The latter form follows the form seen in the Oriole Editions
‘CASSINI on Compositae’ [I]. We did stumble across a minor mistake in the
marginal index in ‘CASSINI on Compositae’ II, p. 54. The first paragraph and
part of the second were originally published in Bulletin des Sciences par la
Société Philomatique de Paris 1818: 31. 1818, not on "1818: 30. 1818” as
given in the new reproductions. Lastly, “CASSINI on Compositae’ II and III
each concludes with an index to genera and species. The indices are quite
naturally very useful, and it should be noted that the format of the index of the
‘CASSINI on Compositae’ series calls for the epithet to be preceded by the ab-
breviation of the genus, making this truly an index to binomials, not one
merely to epithets.

HENRI CASSINI is without doubt the most influential student of Compositae
known. Our current system of tribal classification of Compositae was origi-
nally devised by CASSINI, and the traditionally recognized tribes Anthemideae,
Arctoteae, Astereae, Calenduleae, Cardueae, Echinopeae, Eupatorieae, Heli-
antheae, Inuleae, Lactuceae, Mutisieae, Senecioneae, Tageteae, and Ver-
nonieae were all originally described and circumscribed by him. CASSINI was a
contemporary of DE CANDOLLE and LESSING, and though the latter authors
failed to follow the tribal system of CASSINI, they perpetuated the use of style
and anther base characters from which BENTHAM recreated CASSINI’s tribal
concepts. The CASSINI tribal system is largely still in use today, having com-
pletely withstood the test of time. CASSINI’s use of microcharacters in tribal
and generic taxonomy preceded by more than a century today’s acceptance of
microcharacters as important in classification schemes. It is because of
CASSINI [Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom., Paris 1819: 63—64. 1819 and J. Phys. Chim.
Hist. Nat. Arts 89: 5—33. 1819 (the latter is listed in the Table of Contents in
III as published in 1718)] that we take the folio edition of HUMBOLDT et al.’s
Nova genera et species plantarum vol. 4 (1818) as earlier than the quarto edi-
tion of vol. 4 (1820), in spite of all new Compositae therein listed in Index
kewensis using the pagination of the quarto edition.

It should be noted that the writings of CASSINI were in easily readable French.
However, reading will be aided by learning a few of the technical terms used
by CASSINI such as ‘calathide’ (capitulum), ‘pericline’ (involucre or phyl-
laries), ‘cline’ (receptacle), ‘ovaire’ (achene, or more precisely cypsela), and
‘aigrette’ (pappus). The technical writing needs little translation, and the work
includes historical information in the field and discussions, in addition to
innumerable original descriptions of CASSINI’s tribes, genera, subgenera, and
species. The articles include the survey of characters, including microcharac-
ters, that were the basis of the tribes and other taxonomic categories of

26 Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997

CASSINI. It is often necessary to see what characteristics were used by CASSINI
for his taxa, what exact level taxa were recognized at, and when, and precisely
what species were included.

The series “‘CASSINI on Compositae’ was seemingly compiled using the listing
of CASSINI papers in Catalogue of Scientific Papers of the Royal Society of
London (1867). Consequentially, we have as lagniappe in ‘CASsINI on Com-
positae’ II and III papers by CASSINI on a variety of both dicots (including
Boopidaceae CASS., now a synonym of Calyceraceae R.BR. ex RICH.) and
monocots, as well as a few on cryptogams! On the down side of this, however,
CASSINI’s annotated translation (J. Phys. 86: 317-339, 396—417. 1818 and
87: S—30, 95—115. 1818) of ROBERT BROWN’s “Observation on Compositae’
(Trans. Linn. Soc. London 12: 76—142. 1817) is not reproduced here. This is
a byproduct of the Frenchman CASSINI’s annotated translation (including his
*Notes du Traducteur”’) having been indexed by the Royal Society of London
only under the Englishman BROWN. Consequently, not quite all CASSINI publi-
cations on Compositae are contained in the ‘CASSINI on Compositae’ series.

Along with “CASSINI on Compositae’ II and III, the original Oriole Editions
reprint of CASSINI articles from the Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles may
be obtained from the Missouri Botanical Garden. The latter was previously
sold elsewhere, but the remaining stock has been obtained by the Missouri Bo-
tanical Garden. The three parts of the original volume are listed in the recent
Missouri Botanical Garden publications catalogue as follows:

CASSINI on Compositae I. 1975. Oriole Editions. ISBN 0-88211-080-2. 3 volumes
[parts], 1963 pp. + index, hardbound. Available as a set for $35.00 U.S., $39.00
non-U.S. Individual volumes [parts] are $20.00 U.S., $22.00 non-U.S. each.

The catalogue includes a special offer to buy the full set of ‘CASSINI on
Compositae’ [I] (3 parts), and ‘CASSINI on Compositae’ II and III for $80.00 US.,
$89.00 non-U.S. Available from the Missouri Botanical Garden, Department
Eleven, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, U.S.A. Telephone: (+1) 314-
577-9534, Fax: (+1) 314-577-9594, E-mail: deptl1@mobot.org, Web:
http://www.mobot.org.

JOHN F. PRUSKI & HAROLD ROBINSON,
United States National Herbarium,
Department of Botany, MRC-166,
Smithsonian Institution,

Washington DC 20560-0166.

Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997 27

BOOK REVIEW

HARLING, GUNNAR: The Genus Jungia L. fil. (Compositae-Mutisieae). Acta
Regiae Societatis Scientiarum et Litterarum Gothoburgensis, Botanica 4: 1—133.
1995. ISBN 91-85252-54-9. ISSN 0347-4917. Price not given.

This is a welcome revision of the herbaceous, shrubby, to vining neotropical mu-
tisioid genus Jungia, in which 26 recognized species (and three non-typical sub-
species) have been placed into four well-defined sections, two of these newly de-
scribed and one newly combined. Two species and one subspecies are described as
new, and two new combinations of subspecies are made, as noted in the abstract.
Formerly, this genus was one which many of us loved to hate, and for which mis-
determinations (as far fetched as Mikania of the Eupatorieae, etc.) seemed to be
the norm. This will change with our use of this fine revision by GUNNAR HARLING,
the senior editor of the uniformly excellent Flora of Ecuador series. It is remark-
able that this important treatment so quickly follows on the heels of Dr. HARLING’s
recently published Mutisieae of Ecuador treatment.

The taxonomic treatment is preceded by sections on history of the genus, morpho-
logy, phylogeny, phytogeography, and ecology. The morphology section includes
five figures (really plates), the first three are of achenes and include parts (really
figures) numbered as 1-19, and the last two figures (plates) are of pappus bristles
and include 17 different parts (figures), albeit confusingly reusing the numbers 1-
17. The phylogeny section is refreshingly digestible and to the point.

The taxonomic treatment begins on page 27 and constitutes the bulk of the text.
The taxonomy here differs slightly from that of HARLING’s Mutisieae of Ecuador
treatment: Jungia coarctata var. acutiloba, described in Fl. Ecuador, is referred to
the synonymy of J. mitis; J. coarctata var. coarctata and J. paniculata in Ecuador
are now J. coarctata ssp. coarctata and J. paniculata ssp. paniculata, respectively;
and J. coarctata ssp. lilacina, J. glandulifera and J. ovata from Ecuador are de-
scribed as new. I’d prefer to have a comprehensive key, rather than having the key
to sections and the keys to species separated as done here by as many as 70 pages.
The species treatments each give synonymy, a description, distribution, exsiccatae,
and a discussion. Moreover, each species is illustrated and mapped, making this a
very user-friendly text.

The journal references of the basionyms of the newly combined section and the
two newly combined subspecies are not given with the innovations. Rather, these
can only be extracted from the references section, a practice from which the

28 Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997

intention of Art. 33.2 of the ICBN is trying to steer us away. Although Compositae
are estipulate by definition, the pseudostipules of Jungia are here called stipules.
However, neither of the reasons behind these two minor quibbles detract from the
utility of this work.

In summary, this is a fine revision that will be used by many synantherologists,
whether they are working on the primitive tribe Mutisieae or doing general neo-
tropical determinations for collectors and conservationists. GUNNAR HARLING is to
be congratulated on yet another outstanding work.

JOHN F. PRUSKI,

United States National Herbarium,
Department of Botany, MRC-166,
Smithsonian Institution,
Washington DC 20560-0166.

Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997 71)

THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR
PLANT TAXONOMY (IAPT) ANNOUNCES:

REGISTRATION OF PLANT NAMES

Test and Trial Phase (1998-1999)

Introduction

Subject to ratification by the XVI International Botanical Congress (St Louis,
1999) of a rule already included in the International code of botanical nomencla-
ture (Art. 32.1-2 of the Tokyo Code), new names of plants and fungi will have to
be registered in order to be validly published after the 1* of January 2000. To de-
monstrate feasibility of a registration system, the International Association for
Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) undertakes a tral of registration, on a non-mandatory ba-
sis, for a two-years period starting 1 January 1998. The co-ordinating centre will be
the Secretariat of IAPT, currently at the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum
Berlin-Dahlem, Germany. Co-ordination with present indexing centres for major
groups of plants is being sought, in view of their possible active involvement at the
implementation stage. The International Mycological Institute in Egham, U. K.,
has already accepted to act as associate registration centre for the whole of fungi,
including fossil fungi.

Registration procedure

The co-ordinating registration centre (IAPT Secretariat), and any associated centre
operating under its auspices, will register and make available all names of new
taxa, all new combinations or rank transfers that are brought to their attention in
one of the following ways:

— by being published in an accredited journal or serial;

— by being submitted for registration (normally by the author or one of the
authors), either directly or through a national registration office; or

— (for the non-mandatory trial phase only) as a result of scanning of other
published information by the registration centres’ own staff.

30 Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997

Registration by way of publication in accredited journals or serials

For a journal or serial to be accredited, its publishers must commit themselves, by
a signed agreement with the IAPT, to

— point out any nomenclatural novelties in each individual issue of their
journal or serial, either by including a separate index of novelties or in another
suitable, previously agreed way;

— submit each individual issue, as soon as published and by the most rapid
way, to a pre-defined registration office or centre.

Accredited journals and serials will be entitled, and even encouraged, to mention
that accreditation on their cover, title page or in their impressum.

A pennanently updated list of accredited journals and serials is being placed on the
World Wide Web (http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/iapU/registration/journals.hun).
This list will be published annually in the journal Taxon.

Registration by way of submission to registration offices

Authors of botanical nomenclatural novelties that do not appear in an accredited
journal or serial (but e.g. in a monograph, pamphlet, or non-accredited periodical
publication) are strongly encouraged to submit their names for registration — and
will be required to do so once registration becomes mandatory — in the following
way:

— all names to be registered are to be listed on an appropriate registration
form, using a separate form for each separate publication;

— the form (in triplicate) must be submitted together with two copies of the
publication itself, either to a national registration office (see below) or, optionally,
directly to the appropriate registration centre. Reprints of articles from books or
non-accredited periodicals are acceptable, provided their source is stated accurately
and in full;

_ one dated copy of each form will be sent back to the submitting author in
acknowledgement of effected registration.

Registration forms can be obtained free of charge (a) by sending a request to any
registration office or centre, by letter, fax or e-mail, or (b), preferably, by pnntng
and copying the form as available on the World Wide Web (http://www.bgbm.fu-
berlin.de/iapt/registration/regform.htm).

Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997 31

Registration offices are presently being arranged for in as many different countries
as possible. ‘They will serve (a) as mailboxes and forwarding agencies for registra-
tion submissions and (b) as national repositories for printed matter in which new
names published locally appear.

A pennanently updated address list of all functioning national registration offices is
being placed on the World Wide Web (http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/iapt
/registration/offices.htm). This list will also be published annually in the journal
Taxon.

Registration date

The date of registration, as here defined, will be the date of receipt of the registra-
tion submission at any national registration office or appropriate registration centre.
For accredited journals or serials (and, for the duration of the trial phase, for publi-
cations scanned at the registration centres), it will be the date of receipt of the pub-
lication at the location of the registration centre (or national office, if so agreed).

For the duration of the trial phase, i.e. as long as registration is non-mandatory, the
date of a name will, just as before, be the date of effective publication of the
printed matter in which it is validated, irrespective of the date of registration.
Nevertheless, the registration date will be recorded, for the following reasons:

— to make clear that the name was published on or before that date, in cases
when the date of effective publication is not specified in the printed matter;

— to assess the time difference between the (effective or stated) date of the
pnnted matter and that of registration, since it is envisaged that the date of
registration be accepted as the date of names published on or after 1 January 2000.

It is therefore in the interest of every author to submit nomenclatural novelties for
registration without any delay, and by the most rapid means available.

32 Comp. Newsl. 31, 1997

Access to registration data

Information on registered names will be made publicly available as soon as
feasible, (a) by placing them on the World Wide Web without delay in a
searchable database (http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/iapt/registration/regdata.htn),
(b) by publishing non-cumulative lists biannually, and ©, hopefully, by issuing
cumulative updates on a CD-ROM-type, fully searchable data medium at similar
intervals.

[LIv BORGEN, Oslo; WERNER GREUTER, Berlin; DAVID L. HAWKSWORTH, Egham;
JOHN MCNEILL, Toronto; DAN H. NICOLSON, Washington; Officers of the IAPT,
c/o Botanischer Garten & Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Koenigin-Luise-
Str. 6-8, D-14191 Berlin, Germany. ]

Registration as a positive step

Registration of nomenclatural novelties seems to me a natural way to go, heading
into the 21* Century. It will enable us to find quickly what new names have been
published, and to be sure that we have not missed any new name hidden in the pa-
per mountain of botanical literature that comes out each year around the globe.
This is particularly important for one-off publications (floras, field guides, etc.),
which are notorious for ‘hiding’ new names.

Some people seem to think that registration implies censorship, but this is wrong.
As in the current Index kewensis all names will be listed, and without comment as
to status, and as soon as received at one of the registration centres. My only caution
to those looking at the mechanisms for making registration effective is that they
should ensure there is a large network of registration centres or offices spread
evenly around the world. This is necessary to make it easy to submit novelties for
registration, given the apparently worsening state of mail services in all areas.

[KAREN L. WILSON, Royal Botanic Gardens, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney,
N.S.W. 2000, Australia. ]