Illinois

Natural History

Survey

A comprehensive evaluation of three mussel

beds in Reach 15

of the Upper Mississippi River

Center for Aquatic Ecology

Scott D. Whitney, K. Douglas Blodgett, and Richard E. Sparks

Illinois Natural History Survey
August 1996

Aquatic Ecology Technical Report 96/7

Disclaimer

The findings, conclusions, and views expressed herein are those of tlie researchers
and are not necessarily the position of the Illinois Natural History Survey or the
Illinois Department of Natural Resources.

Use of the term "Reach"

Terms are important, because they determiiK our perception of the thing that is being described. Use of the term "pool" perpetuates
a misconception among readers and resiewers outside the upper Mississippi Basin that there is Utile of the natural river left Readers
assume that we are talking about "a deep, still place in a sueam or rKer" where the water is standing more than it is flowing. "Poor' is
often associated with "stagnant". Many readers and reviewers outside the Mississippi Basin have the misconception that the ri\er is a
polluted barge canaL or a series of large resersoirs. Some reviewers assume the river is altered that nothing about the structure and
function of ecosystems could be learned by stud>ing it; i.e. the\ considered it as man-made as an agricultural field, boat harbor, canal, or
storage resenoir Use of the word "pool" for any portion of the Mississippi is misleading, because "pool" commonly refers to small
bodies of water (e.g., "puddles"). However, the term has been used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers since at least the 1930's, when
the 9-foot channel and associated navigation dams were constructed. The term "reach" is much nwre appropriate for the stretch of ri\ er
between navigation dams or beUvcen bends in the river, indeed these are two of the standard definitions and common usage for "reach".
'Pool should be a subset of "reach", because na\igation dams create wide deep places in the riser onl>' part of the distance upstream to the
ne.vt dam. In addition, some na%igation reaches, such as Reach 15, are swift channels with scarcely an>' slackwater "pool" at all.
Follouing are definitions of the two terms:

Definitions of Pool and Reach

Stein, Jess, and Laurence Urdang (eds.). 1971. The Random House dictionary of the English language.
Random House. New York. 2059pp.

Pool Reach

1. A small bod>' of standing water; pond

2. A puddle.

3. An>' small collection of liquid on a surface.

4. A still, deep place in a stream

24. A continuous stretch or extent of something: a reach of woodland.

25. Also called pound, a level portion of a canal between locks.
28. a straight portion of a river between two bends.

Brown, Lesley (ed.). 1993. the new shorter Oxford English dictionar/ on historical principles. Vol.2,
N-Z. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 3801pp.

Pool

1 a. A small bod>' of standing or still water, especially one of

natural formation Old English, b A small shallow

accumulation of am liquid; a puddle.

2. A deep still place in a river or stream

4. A tank or other artificially constructed receptacle (to be)

filled with water for swimming, diving, etc.

Reach

la. An enclosed stretch of water, a bay Long obsolete, except in
Canadian dialect, b. A portion of a river, channel, or lake between
U\o bends; a portion of a canal between Uvo locks.
2. General. A continuous stretch, course, or exlenl in space or tine.

Table of Contents

Page
List of Tables ii

List of Figures n

List of Appendices iii

Executive Summary l

In trod u ctio n 2

Methods 2

Study Sites 2

Field Procedures 4

Laboratory Procedures 6

Data Analysis 6

Speci es Ri chness an d Abundance ••- - — - - - - - 6

Recaiitment -.- ..- ...- -.._ .._.^- 7

Age and Growth ^.. - --.^ -..- _._._ _._._ 7

Mortality -- - - -.- -. - -.-.- 8

Zeb ra Mussel s -. 8

Results and Discussion 8

Species Richness and Abundance 8

Recruitment 10

Age and Growth 10

Mortality 11

Zebra Mussels U

Management Recommendations 12

Acknowledgments 13

References 14

Appendices following page 15

List of Tables

Table

Description

Page

1.

Number and percent of the individuals from each mussel species
collected in Reach 15 of the UMR which were aged and weighed
in 1987 and 1994-95

8

List of Figures

Figure Description Page

Location and legal description of Upper Mississippi River
Mussel Refuges established by the state of Dlinois in July 1988. .

Location of (a) Reach 15 in the Upper Mississippi River and (b)
three study sites in Reach 15

Location of Sylvan Slough study site (RM 485.8) in Reach 15
of the Upper Mississippi River

4. Location ofCase-m study site (RM 488 5) in Reach 15 of the
Upper Mississippi River

5. Location ofllliniwek study site (RM 492.4) in Reach 15ofthe
Upper Mississippi River

List of Appendices

Appendix Description

Pages

A

Unionid species richness aiid abundance

A-1 toA-11

B

Calculated number of samples required to
estimate actual density within specified level (%)

B-1 to B-5

C

Density distributions based on shell length

C-1 to C-32

D

Density distributions based on shell height

D-1 toD-17

E

Density distributions based on mussel age

E-1 toE-14

F
G

Unionid mussel recruitment

F-1 to F-4

Commercial species age and growth

G-1 to G-27

H

Zebra mussels {Dreissena polymorpha)

H-1 to H-7

Executive Summary

Unionid mussels were collected by quadrat
sampling at three sites in Reach 15 of the Upper
Mississippi River between July 1994 and September 1995;
Sylvan Slough (rivermile (RM) 485.8) within a mussel
refuge (commercially unharvested since 1988); Case-IH
(RM 488.5) (commercially harvested); and Illiniwek (RM
492.4) (commercially harvested). A total of 7,107
mussels were collected representing 26 species, including
one federally endangered species (Lampsilis higginsi), two
state endangered species (Plethobasus cyphyus and
Cumberland ia monodonta), and one state threatened
species (ElUpsaria Uneolata). Illiniwek had the greatest
mussel diversity and abundance with 25 species and a
mean density of 118.3/m-, followed by Ca.se-IH with 23
species and 86.7/m", and Sylvan Slough with 20 species
and 53.4/m". Temp>oral trends in unionid abundance
(1985-95) reflect significant declines (p < 0.001) in
overall unionid densities as well as densities for individual
species at both Sylvan Slough, where mean unionid
density declined from 100. 1/m- in 1985 to 53.4/m- in
1994-95 with 6 species showing significant declines, and
Case-IH where mean unionid density declined from
139. 2/m- in 1985 to 89.8/m- in 1994 with 4 species
showing significant declines. The four mussel species
which dominated our collections were Truncilla truncata,
ElUpsaria Uneolata, Quadrula pustulosa, and Amblema
plicala. Recent recruitment estimates for the ten most
common sjjecies indicate a high degree of variability
among sf)ecies and study sites. Some species, such as
Megalonaias rierx'osa, exhibited very low recruitment
densities (0.00 to 0.03/m-), while others like Quadrula
pustulosa exhibited good recruitment densities (3.7 to
4.3/m'^. Temporal trends in recruitment evaluated by
recent recruitment densities and size-frequency histograms
demonstrate the unpredictable nature of unionid
recruitment; some species (i.e., A. plicata and Q.
pustulosa) were fairly consistent, recruiting young
individuals to their populations each year, while other
species (i.e., M. nervosa and Q. metanevra) were more
sporadic, recruiting young to their populations only once
or twice within a ten-year period. On average,
commercial mussel species {A. plicata, M. nerwsa, Q.
pustulosa, Q. metanevra, and Q. quadrula) reached sexual
maturity during their seventh or eighth year, with a range
from 5 to 12 years of age. The time required for a
commercial species to reach minimum harvestable size
ranged from 19 to 24 years; M. nervosa took the longest,
requiring 24 years to reach a shell height of 101.60 mm
(4 inch), A. plicata required 21 years to reach a shell

height of 69.85 mm (2.75 inch), and the three Quadrula
species required 19 to 21 years to reach a shell height of
63.5 mm (2.5 inch).

We believe the current mussel refuges only exist
on paper and subsequently do not provide the services for
which they were intended. Our studies in Reach 15
suggest illegal harvest has occurred in the Sylvan Slough
refuge, since all commercial species collected within the
refuge demonstrate a truncated size distribution at the
minimum commercial size limit, a characteristic of
harvested areas. In fact, individuals have been prosecuted
for harvesting mussels in Sylvan Slough and other UMR
mussel refuges.

Zebra mussels {Dreissena polymorpha) were first
established in Reach 15 during late 1991 or early 1992,
but did not become abundant until 1995. Mean density at
Illiniwek increased exponentially from less than Mrcr in
July 1994 to 2,519/m- in July 1995. Similarly, zebra
mussel infestation (% unionids with 1 or more zebra
mussels) at Illiniwek increa.sed significantly from 1 % in
July 1994 to 48% in September 1995. Mean and
maximum degree of infestation increased from
0.00/unionid and 2/unionid in July 1994 to 2.3/unionid
and 37/unionid in September 1995. Length-frequency
histograms indicate that at least one and possibly two
zebra mussel recruitment events occurred in Reach 15
during 1994 and 1995. These histograms also indicate
that zebra mussels which settle in Reach 15 during May
or June can reach 15- to 20-nmi in length by the end of
their first growing season (October). Although rapid
increases in zebra mussel densities and infestation of
unionids represent an alarming trend, we did not observe
any negative zebra mussel effects on the Reach 15 unionid
populations (i.e., increased mortality, siphon occlusion,
etc.) during the current study. However, based on past
experience in the Illinois River, we predict that by 1996
or 1997 unionid mussels in Reach 15 of the UMR will
experience significantly greater infestations by zebra
mussels and will subsequently suffer reduced fitness and
increased mortality.

Management recommendations concerning the
protection of mussel populations in Reach 15 and
throughout the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) include:
(1) closing the commercial harvest of live Megalonaias
nerwsa, (2) establishing entire reaches of the UMR as
mussel refuges, (3) developing population models to guide
and assist the management of mussels, and (4) monitoring
zebra mussel densities and impacts in the Mississippi
River.

Introduction

Unionid mussels are considered among the most
endangered faunal groups inhabiting the United States
(Shannon et al. 1993; Neves 1993). Fifty-one species of
mussels occurred historically in the Upper Mississippi
River (UMR)--a substantial portion (17 ^c) of the 297 taxa
of freshwater mussels found in North America (Turgeon
et al. 1988). In the UMR there are currently 18 mussel
species listed as threatened or endangered includmg three
federally endangered mussel species, Lampsilis higginsi,
Potamilas capax, and Quadrula fragosa (Page et al.
1991). Mussel populations in the UMR have been subject
to a number of stresses, including (1) heavy commercial
harvesting formerly for the production of pearl buttons
and more recently to supply raw shell for the Japanese
cultured pearl industry, (2) pollution from both urban
centers and nonpoint sources, and (3) modification of the
river for navigation (Sparks and Blodgett 1983; Sparks
and Blodgett 1988). Between 1982 and 1986 massive die-
offs of mussels occurred in the UMR (Neves 1987,
Blodgett and Sparks 1987 a, b). Although the die-offs
were investigated, the causes were never identified
(Sparks et al. 1990).

In response to the widespread mussel dieoffs and
increasing commercial harvest, the Illinois Department of
Conservation designated seven areas in the Illinois portion
of the Mississippi River as mussel refuges in July 1988
(Figure 1). The primary objectives of these refuges were
to (1) protect endangered or threatened mussels, (2)
provide a seed source to repopulate other areas, and (3)
serve as imharvested reference areas for comparison with
harvested areas. If populations in the harvested areas
declined while those in the refuges maintained themselves
or increased, then more stringent harvest regulations
might be indicated. If populations in both areas declined,
then other factors should be investigated, such as poor
water or sediment quality, parasites, disease, or declines
in the fishes that host and disperse the glochidia (larvae)
of the mussels.

Critical information concerning the life-history
parameters and population dynamics of freshwater mussels
is often lacking and desperately needed for the sound
management and conservation of this resource. The need
is especially crucial for commercially harvested species.
Current regulations governing the commercial mussel
harvest (e.g., legal species, minimum shell size, or
season) are based on inadequate scientific information and
typically reflect preferences of the shelling industry (Thiel
and Fritz 1993). Monitoring and evaluation of the
resource throughout the UMR rely heavily on annual shell

buyers reports. The UMR states have yet to establish
uniform regulations to govern commercial mussel harvest.
The current system which regulates and monitors
commercial mussel harvest in the UMR is antiquated,
based on inadequate scientific information, and in
desperate need of review and reform. It is especially
important to reevaluate current mussel regulations and
conservation strategies now that zebra mussels have been
found in the Mississippi River. The U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service has predicted 20 species of mussels in
North America will become extinct over the next few
years as a result of the zebra mussel invasion (Biggins
1992). Many difficult management decisions will likely
be made in the coming years in attempts to preserve and
protect the remaining mussel resource. Without reliable
scientific information, management decisions may be
ineffective or even cause further harm to mussel
populations.

The objectives of the comprehensive evaluation
of Reach 15 mussel beds were to assess the status of
harvested and unharvested (refuge) mussel beds by
evaluating the following parameters: (1) species
abundance and richness, (2) recruitment, (3) age and
growth, (4) mortality, and (5) status and impacts of newly
introduced zebra mussels. Long-term population trends
were evaluated by comparison of results with those from
previous scientific mussel surveys conducted in Reach 15.

Methods

Study Sites

During 1994 and 1995, we quantitatively sampled
three mussel beds in Reach 15 of the UMR near Moline,
Illinois (Figure 2). One mussel bed. Sylvan Slough
(rivermile [RM] 485.8), was located within a mussel
refuge established in 1988; harvesting mussels in the
refuge is illegal. Two mussel beds, Case-IH (RM 488.5)
and Illiniwek (RM 492.4), are known to be commercially
harvested (Figure 2). A more detailed description and
location of each study site follows.

(1) Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8): (Figure 3) - This site
was chosen as a reference or unhar\ested site. It was
designated as one of the seven mussel refuges in July
1988 (Figure 1). Quantitative mussel collections were
made at this site during 1983, 1985, and 1987 by the
Illinois Natural History Survey (Sparks and Blodgett
1983, Blodgett and Sparks 1987a and 1987b). These
previous surveys reported an abundant mussels population

(a) Geographical Location

(b) Legal Description

V>^niv,css; ^^j

Iowa

Mississippi^'' :^°^/

zr^^^^/y^'^

3.-

^^„^^, Illinois /

Des Moines

J^ )

Riyer

S4.-fc

L.: ^ 1

6.-*-*?

s-

V)

Missouri

NL w.^.

7.-^t^ '

1.) /Ml of the area directly above Lock and Dam 12 (RM 556.7) from the
center of the navigation channel east to the Illinois shoreline and
northward to a line extending from RM 558,4 to the Blanding's
Landing boat ramp, including but not limited to all of the area
contained within the designated US. Military Reservation area.

2.) All of the waters contained within Sylvan Slough from the Interstate
74 highway bridge (RM 485. 8)west to the lower tipof^\rscnal Island
(RM 482.6).

3.) All of the area north of the center of the navigation channel to the
Illinois shoreline lying between RM 433 0 (New EJoston Boat
launching Ramp) to RM 433. 8

A.) Pontoosuc Bay contained within and described as that area from the
center of the main navigation channel and the Illinois shoreline
located between RM 388.7 and RM 390 0.

S.) All of the area east of the center of the navigation channel to the
Illinois shoreline from the mouth of the Des Moines River (RM
361.4) to the U.S. Route 136 bridge (RM 364.0)

6.) /Ml of the area east of the center of navigation channel to the Illinois
shoreline between RM 314.0 and RM 3160 located upstream of
Hannibal, Missouri.

7.) All of the area east of the center of navigation channel to the Illinois
shoreline between Rjver Mile 238.4 (Basting's Landing) and RM
240.8 (West Point Landing boat ramp).

Figure 1. Upper Mississippi River mussel refuges (a) geographical location and (b) legal description.

Figure!. Location of (a) Reach 15 in the Upper
Mississippi Rj\er (UMR) and (t)
enlarged \iew of Reach 1 5 to show
stud>' sites where quantitati\e mussel
samples were collected, 1994-95.

(a) Reach 15 UMR

Missouri

(b) Study Sites - Reach 15 UMR

Davenport

kand Dam 14

7 Dliniwek
-''' fRM 492.4)

Rock Island

Illinois

with a rich species assemblage including the federally
endangered Lampsilis higgirisi.

During the present survey quantitative samples
were collected on three separate occasions at the upriver
end of Sylvan Slough between the Interstate-74 highway
bridge and the upriver tip of Arsenal Island (Figure 3,
Table A-1). The location for each collection period
differed slightly to prevent sampling on the same spot
more than once. Substrate consisted primarily of sand/silt
with small rock cobble and water depths ranged from 2 to
4 m (6 to 10 ft). During our sample collections we noted
extensive use of this area by recreation watercraft; on
weekends as many as fifteen boats were observed floating
or anchored within this small area of Sylvan Slough.

(2) Case-IH (RM 488.5) : (Figure 4) - This site was
chosen as a commercially harvested bed. Interviews with
commercial musselors indicated this bed had been
extensively harvested in the 1970's but has received only
occasional commercial pressure in the past ten years. We
observed two commercial mussel boats operating in this
area during our summer 1994 collections. Quantitative
mussel collections were made at this site in 1985 and
1987 by the INKS (Blodgett and Sparks 1987a and
1987b). These previous surveys reported mussels
exceptionally abundant, the number of species
exceptionally rich, and the federally endangered Lampsilis
higginsi present.

Quantitative samples were collected at this site in
July and August 1994 (Table A-1). The collection area
was adjacent to the main channel and 150 m out from the
Illinois shoreline. Triangulation to the site was
accomplished using a cement piling, boat ramp, and
cement water tower (Case-IH logo on side). The site was
located on a straight line between the boat ramp and
middle cement piling and directly out from the cement
water tower. The substrate consisted of extensive areas
of bedrock with intermittent areas of sand and rock
cobble. Water depths within the sampling area ranged
from 4 to 6 m (12 to 20 ft.).

(3) Uliniwek: RM 492.4 (Figure 5) - This site was also
chosen as a commercially harvested bed. According to
local musselors, this particular area (1) had been one of
the more productive beds in Reach 15 in the late 1960's
and early 1970's, but was depleted of commercial-size
shells during the late 1970"s or eariy 1980's, (2) was no
longer of commercial importance and most experienced
musselors had moved on to more profitable beds, and (3)
occasional inexperienced musselors had been observed
working this area periodically in the past ten years. To

our knowledge, this site has not been scientifically
delineated or quantitatively sampled previously.

Quantitative samples were collected on four
occasions: June and August of 1994 and Jime and
September of 1995. In addition, 415 mussels were
collected qualitafively at this site on 1 December 1994 for
use in sediment toxicity tests (Stoekel et al. 1996). The
collection area was located approximately 1 rivermile
downriver from Lock and Dam 14 and from 30 to 50 m
offshore from Illmiwek State Park. Substrate was fairly
uniform, consisting primarily of sand with occasional
small rock cobble. Water depths ranged from 2 to 3 m (5
to 9 feet).

Field procedures

During four sampling periods between July 1994
and September 1995 we collected from 72 to 116
quantitative samples representing a total surface area of 18
to 34 m- at each of the three sites in Reach 15 (Table A-
1). Quantitative samples were collected using procedures
normally employed by the INHS River Research Lab
(Sparks and Blodgett 1983, Blodgett and Sparks 1987a &
1987b). Biologists using surface supplied diving
techniques removed all material from within 0.25-m- or
1-m- metal frames to a depth of 18 cm. Quantitative
samples were collected by either the transect method,
where the diver places a metal frame at 5-m intervals
along a 100-m transect line anchored to the substrate, or
by random placement, where the diver places a metal
frame at random intervals while moving upriver. Samples
were sent to the surface in separate nylon mesh bags and
rinsed with river water through a series of four sieve trays
(mesh apertures of 20, 10, 5, and 2 mm). Material
retained by each tray was carefully examined to remove
live and recently dead mussels. Mussels were classified
as recently dead using the following criteria: (1) if soft
parts were present, unable to close valves when prodded;
(2) if soft parts were absent, the periostracum was intact,
valves were firmly joined by the hinge ligament, and the
interior nacre was shiny and not the least bit chalky. Live
and recently dead mussels were identified to species
(Cummings and Mayer 1992) and morphological shell
measurements of length, width, and height (Stansbery
1961) were recorded to the nearest 0.01 mm using digital
calipers. Most of the mussels collected were returned to
the river; however, a subsample of at least 30 individuals
of the most common species was retained and frozen for
further analysis. Zebra mussels attached to unionids were
mdividually counted and measured (shell length).

Figure 3. Location of Sylvan Slough stud>- site (RM 485.8) in
Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River.

Figure 4. Locauon of Case-IH stud>- site (RM 488.5) in
Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River.

Figure 5. Location of Ilhmuek study site (RM 492.4) in
Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River.

Laboratory procedures

Laboratory processing included both weight and
age determination of individual mussels from selected
species (Table 1). Frozen mussels were rinsed in warm
water to remove ice from the exterior of the shell then
weighed to the nearest 0.01 g (live weight). Next the
mussel was forced open with a scalpel and soft tissue was
removed; we determined wet weights for both tissue and
shell. They were dried at 105°C to a constant weight and
re-weighed to determine dry weights. Shells will be
archived in Illinois Natural History Survey's mussel
collection at the University of Illinois
Urbana/Champaign.

The estimated age of an individual mussel was
determined by counting growth bands on the external
surface of the shell (Chamberlain 1931, Stansbery 1951)
and within thin radial cross sections of the shell and hinge
ligament (McCuaig and Green 1983, Neves and Moyer
1988). In 1994, from 10% to 30% of each of the
following commercially harvested species were aged using
both techniques: Amblema plicata, Megalonaias nenosa,
Quadrula pustulosa, Quadrula quadrula, and Quadrula
metanevra. The two methods of age analysis yielded
comparable results (± 1 year); however, preparation of
thin radial cross sections was very time consuming,
requiring from 20 to 30 minutes per mussel compared
with 1 to 2 minutes per mussel for external counts.
Therefore, only external ring counts were used to age
mussels collected in 1995.

The age at which an individual mussel became
sexually mature was estimated by recording the age at
which a marked decrease in distance between external
growth bands occurred on the external shell surface of
adult mussels (Stansbery 1961, Stein 1973). This
technique was performed after shells and tissue had been
separated and dried, therefore, we were unable to validate
this method by examination of the gonads for maturity
and ripeness. The age of sexual maturity was determined
from a subsample of randomly selected shells of adult
mussels of the five commercial species, A. plicata
(n = 78), M. nerx'osa (n = 29), Q. metanexra (n=12), Q.
pustulosa (n = 38), and Q. quadrula (n = 28). The mean,
standard deviation, and range of sexual maturity age(s)
were calculated for each species.

Daia Analysis

Data recorded in the field and laboratory during
1994-95 was analyzed in accordance with the five primary
objectives of the study: (1) species abundance and

richness, (2) recruitment, (3) age and growth, (4)
mortality, (5) status and impacts of newly introduced
zebra mussels. In addition to the information collected in
the present survey, we also analyzed data collected from
three previous quantitative surveys at the Sylvan Slough
and Case-IH sites (Sparks and Blodgett 1983, Blodgett
and Sparks 1987a and 1987b) to identify temporal trends
in these mussel populations. We also reviewed two
mussel survey reports from Sylvan Slough conducted by
private consultants within the past decade (Stanley
Consultants, Inc. 1993, Cawley 1989). Annual
commercial harvest reports from Illinois, since 1963
(Fntz 1988, Williamson 1995) and Iowa smce 1984
(Ackerman and DeCook 1995) were used to evaluate the
effects of long-term commercial harvest on mussel
populations in Reach 15.

Species richness and abundance

Species richness was determined by tabulating the
total number of species collected from quantitative
sampling at each of the study sites. Abundance, typically
referred to as density (number of individuals/m-\), was
determined for each quantitative sample; data from all
quantitative samples collected at each site from July 1994
through September 1995, were averaged to determine
overall unionid and species specific density means.
Statistical comparison of density means among and within
the three study sites was conducted using an extended t-
test designed for comparisons of means obtained from
unequal sample sizes. Statistically significant difference
between means was determined at the p < 0.05 level.

Mean densities were used to classify each unionid
species as very abundant (> 20.01/m"), abundant
(10.01 to 20.00/m=), common (1.01 to 10.00/m^,
uncommon (0.34 to 1.00/m-), or rare (< 0.33/m^
(Table A-5). This arbitrary classification system was
designed specifically for Reach 15 mussel populations to
categorize species with similar abundance; it may or may
not apply to other reaches of the Mississippi River.

Using a technique described in Green (1979) we
computed the number of samples required to estimate
unionid density within 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50 %
of the actual density with a 0.05% probability of being
incorrect using the following equation: n = [(2SD) -f
(xM)]", where, n = number of samples required, SD =
standard deviation, x = desired level of accuracy (i.e.,
10% = 0.1), and M = mean unionid density based on
samples collected

Density distributions based on mussel age, shell
length, and shell height were used to evaluate spatial and

temporal trends in mussel populations among and within
the Reach 15 study sites. Density distributions combine
both mean density (no./m-^ and frequency distributions for
a species within each study site (i.e., % of population by
age or 5-mm size intervals). For example, the mean
density for A. plicata at Illiniwek (RM 492.4) was
10.34/m' and the percent of mussels within the 60-mm
shell length interval (55.01 to 60.00 mm) was 14.6%;
therefore, the calculated density of this size interval is
10.34/m- X 0.146 = 1.51/m-. Density distnbutions were
presented as histograms and in tabular format, the latter
allowing one to calculate the mean density of a specific
age group or size range by summing the mean densities of
all mussels within the desired group or range.

Recruitment

We evaluated recent recruitment for ten of the
more common mussel species we collected in Reach 15
during 1994-95 (Appendix F). The size criteria to define
a recent recruit was species specific and typically
represented mussels less than three years of age. For
most sfMscies, individuals less than 30-mm in length
constituted recent recruitment. However, the size was
reduced for small, short-lived species such as Truncilla
truncata (< 15 mm), Obliquaria reflexa (< 15 mm), and
T. donaciformis (<10 mm). Length-frequency and
density tables were used to determine the percentage (%)
and density (no./m'^ of recent recruits within the
population at each study site and for each year sampled
(i.e. Sylvan Slough 1983, 1985, 1987, and 1994-95) to
evaluate recruitment patterns over the past decade.

Age and Growth

The relationship between mussel age and growth
was evaluated using regression plots and regression
formulas. Therefore, it is crucial that the reader have a
basic understanding of these two techniques. We offer
the following brief explanations:

R^ression plots are used to determine the degree of
relationship between the independent (X) and
dependent (Y) variables. Regression plots
attempt to fit a line to a series of data having
specific X,Y coordinates. The more closely the
data points fall along the line the better the
relationship. The proportion (or percentage) of
the total variation in Y that is explained or
accounted for by the fitted regression is termed
the coefficient of determination, r^, which may

be thought of as a measure of the strength of the
relationship.

Rq;ression formulas are mathematical equations which
describe the relationship between the X and Y
variables by evaluating the regression coefficient
or slope (b) and the y-intercept (a) of the best fit
regression line (2Lar 1984). Knowing the
parameter estimates of a and b for the regression
equation, one can calculate the value of Y
(dependent variable) at a stated value of X
(independent variable). The closer the r value
is to 1 the less variability there is in the data and
therefore the more reliable the estimate of Y.

The species and number of individual mussels
used in growth analysis were limited to those which we
had aged or weighed in 1987 and 1994-95 (Table I). No
distinction was made regarding collection location (study
sites); rather, growth analysis was based on composite
mussel samples from all Reach 15 study sites. We used
a stepwise procedure (Zar 1984) in selecting the
regression formula which consistently provided the best fit
(i.e., highest r^) for mussel growth data.

Age-size relationships were best described by S"*"
order polynomial regression formulas (y = a -I- b|X -I-
b-,x- + bjx'). Mean shell measurements of each of the
five commercial species (Appendix G, Part II) served as
the dependent variables and mussel age as the independent
variable in growth curves (regression plots). Regression
formulas were used to calculate shell size (i.e., length,
width, and height) at ages from 1 to 30 years. By
switching the variables we derived regression formulas for
each of the five commercial species to calculate age for a
given shell length or shell height. Formulas based on
shell length and age were used to calculate the age of all
mussels which had not been aged.

Size-weight relationships were best described by
power regression formulas (y = ax''). Live and dry shell
weights of individual mussels served as the dependent
variables and shell length and height as the independent
variables in growth curves. Regression formulas were
used to calculate live weight and dry shell weight given
either shell length or height.

Mussel age-frequency histograms were
constructed for five commercial species, A. plicata, M.
nerwsa, Q. quadrula, Q. metanexra, Q. pustulosa, and
two non commercial species, E. lineolata and O. reflexa.
These histograms represented all individuals regardless of
whether their ages had been determined from counting
growth bands (estimated) or calculated from 3"* order

Species

1987

1994-95

Aped

VVeiohed
n

Aged

Weished 1

n

%

n

%

n

%

Amblema plicata

■ill

100

137

20.2

167

24.7

Megalomias nervosa

131

100

_.

79

36.9

98

45.8

Quadrula quadrula

54

100

-

33

21.6

57

37.3

Ouadnda metanevra

78

100

-

12

7.3

32

19.4

Quadrula pustulosa

714

100

-

146

10.9

210

15.7

Ellipsaria lineolata

310

100

-

-

-

106

6.6

Obliquaria reflexa

153

100

...

-

-

86

14.9

Table 1. Number and percent of the indi\iduals from each mussel species collected in Reach 15 of the UMR which were
aged and weighed in 1987 and 1994-95.

polynomial regression equations (calculated). In 1987, all
mussels were aged, therefore these histograms represent
only estimated ages. In 1994-95, only from 7.3% to
36.9% of the individuals from each species were aged
(Table 1), therefore these histograms consist primarily of
mussels with calculated ages. Ellipsaria lineolata and O.
reflexa were not aged in the current study, instead we
used 1987 regression formulas to calculate their ages
based on observed shell lengths.

Mortality

Mortality estimates were based on the percentage
of recently dead mussels in our quantitative samples.
Some researchers contend this method results in
overestimation due to the misidentification of old dead
shells as recently dead. In the present survey, we used
the same method and definition we used in 1983, 1985,
and 1987; thereby at least allowing comparisons among
mussel surveys conducted by the INHS in the past decade.
We have also conducted field trials to validate this method
in the Illinois River: these data indicate our assessment of
mortality is conservative and actual mortality rates are
likely higher (INHS, unpublished data). This is due to
the rapid discoloration, breakdown of nacre, and
separation of the hinge ligament which often resulted in a
mussel being identified as old dead when it had died
within the past three months.

Zebra Mussels

Mean zebra mussel densities (by site and date)
were determined from either the same quantitative
samples from which unionids were collected (July and
August 1994) or from a separate set of samples in which
only zebra mussels were counted (July 1995) (Table H-1).
Length-frequency histograms of zebra mussels collected
at the Illiniwek site (RM 492.4) on five dates between
July 1994 and September 1995 were used to evaluate
population size structure and recruitment events.

Zebra mussel infestation of Unionid mussels was
reported as % Infestation (the number of unionids with
one or more attached zebra mussels) and Degree of
Infestation (the number of zebra mussels attached to an
individual unionid). The degree of infestation of all
unionids on each sample date was used to calculate a
mean, standard deviation, and range for each study site
and unionid species.

Results and Discussion

Species Richness and Abundance

From July 1994 through September 1995* we
collected a total of 7,107 native mussels representing
twenty-six species from the three study sites in Reach 15
(Table A-3 and A-4). Illiniwek had the most species (25)
followed by Case-IH (23) and Sylvan Slough (20) (Table

A-3). Four live threatened or endangered species were
collected at one or more of the three sites: the federally
endangered Lampsilis higginsi (Higgins eye), the state
endangered Plethobasus cyphyus (Sheepnose) and
Cumberlandia monodonta (Spectacle case), and the state
threatened Ellipsaria lineolata (Butterfly) (Table A-6).

The three most abundant species in Reach 15
were Truncilla truncata (Deertoe), Ellipsaria lineolata
(Butterfly), and Quadrula pustulosa (Pimpleback). In
combination, these three species constituted 53% to 73%
of the unionid populations at the three study sites (Table
A-6). Amblema plicata (Threeridge) ranked seventh in
overall abundance at Sylvan Slough (3.3/m-; 6.0%), third
at Case-IH (14.0/m-; 15.6%), and fourth at Illmiwek
(10.3/m-; 8.6%). Megalonaias nerwsa (Washboard)
ranked between sixth and eighth in overall abundance and
only accounted for 2-4% of the unionids collected at
Reach 15 sites between 1994 and 1995.

Mean unionid densities at the three sites sampled
in the 1994-95 survey increased significantly (p < 0.001)
in the upriver direction (i.e.. Sylvan Slough (53.4/m-) <
Case-IH (86. 7/m^ < Illiniwek (1 18. 3/m=)) (Table A-12).
This is likely attributable to the similar trend in mean
densities of three of the more abundant species, E.
lineolata, T. truncata, and A. plicata (Table A-7). Only
two species, Quadrula metane\ra (Monkeyface) and
Truncilla donaciformis (Fawnsfoot), had densities which
increased significantly in the downriver direction
(Illiniwek < Case-IH < Sylvan Slough).

Temporal trends in unionid abundance reflect a
significant decline (p < O.OOI) in mean unionid density
at both Sylvan Slough (refuge) and Case-IH (harvested)
over the past decade (Table A-12). Between 1985 and
1995, six mussel species {A. plicata, M. nerwsa,
Leptodea fragilis , Potamilus alatus, Potamilus ohiensis,
and U. imbecillis) showed statistically significant declines
(p < 0.001) in mean densities at the Sylvan Slough site
(Table A-9). During the same time period, four species
(L. fragilis, P. alatus, T. truncata, and T. donacifonnis)
declined (p ^ 0.01) at the Case-IH site (Table A-11).
No species showed a significant increase at either of the
two sites.

Mean overall unionid density at Illiniwek (98
samples, 118. 3/m-^ and Sylvan Slough (116 samples,
53.4/m=) were likely (p = 0.05) within 10% of their
actual densities (Table B-1) based on the statistical
technique described by Green (1979). Greater sample
variance and fewer samples at Case-IH (72 samples,
86.7/m^ resulted in an estimate within 15 % of the actual
density. Although fewer samples were collected during
quantitative sampling m Reach 15 during 1983 and 1987,

density estimates were still within 20% of the actual
density at Sylvan Slough and between 30% -40% at Case-
IH (Table B-1). We also applied this technique (Green
1979) to density estimates for individual species (Tables
F-2 to F-4). Density estimates for abundant species at
each site were the only ones which had a 95 % probability
of being within 20 % -30 % of their actual densities (Tables
B-2 to B-4). To estimate the uncommon or rare species
with the same level of precision would require an
unreasonably large number of samples (i.e., 1,000 to
61,000 samples).

Density histograms based on shell height for all
commercial mussel species collected over the past decade
at Reach 15 sites exhibit a truncated distribution pattern
which coincides with the minimum commercial size limit
(Appendix D). Possible explanations for this trend are:
(1) shortly after reaching the minimum size limit all
commercial mussel species experience a period of near
complete mortality, (2) the minimum size limit is at or
near the maximum achievable size for commercial species
in Reach 15, or (3) commercial musselors are extremely
efficient at removing adult mussels from the population
once they reach the minimum size limit. Our data from
Reach 15 mussel populations over the last decade indicate
that the latter is the most likely explanation for the
truncated distributions. For example, at Sylvan Slough in
1983 and 1985 (Figure D-5) and at Case-IH in 1987
(Figure D-10) there were relatively large cohorts of adult
A. plicata in the 60- to 70-mm size intervals, just below
the minimum commercial size limit. Within 2 to 4 years
these apparently strong cohorts were missing or not
evident from the population as they were not identifiable
in subsequent histograms. The disappearance of these
cohorts probably occurred within a few years after they
grew beyond the minimum commercial size limit. Sylvan
Slough was designated a mussel refuge in 1988, and yet
seven years later (1995) the distribution patterns of the
primary commercial species remain truncated at the
minimum size limit similar to harvested beds, suggesting
that illegal harvest occurred within this reflige. In fact,
individuals have been prosecuted for illegally harvesting
mussels in the Sylvan Slough refuge (Scott Wright, IDNR
Conservation Warden, personal communication)

The 1994-95 densities of commercial mussels
with heights greater than the minimum size limit (legal-
size) is extremely low at all three Reach 15 sites
(Appendix C). The mean density of legal-size A. plicata
ranged from a low of 0.24/m- at Sylvan Slough to a high
of 1.12/m= at Case-IH (Table D-1). Based on these
density estimates there are from 2,424 (Sylvan Slough) to
11,314 (Illiniwek) legal-size A, plicata/h&:taTe (970 to

4,526/acre) (Table G-8). There are even fewer legal-size
M. nervosa, with densities from 0.06/m- to 0.24/m- or
606 (Case-IH) to 2,424 (Illiniwek) legal-size mussels per
hectare (242 to 970/acre) (Table G-8).

Recruitment

Recent recruitment estimates from the ten species
we evaluated in 1994-95 indicate a high degree of
variability among species and study sites (Table F-1).
Mean density of recent recruits ranged from a low of
0.01/m- (M. nerwsa) to a high of 3.97/m- (Q. pustulosa).
Densities of recent recruits were similar among sites for
six mussel species (A. plicata, M. nerwsa, Q. metanevra,
Q. pustulosa, Q. quadrula, and O. reflexa). The
remaining four species (£. lineolata, L. fragilis, T.
truncata, and T. donaciformis) showed significant
differences in recruitment among sites; for example, the
density of recently recruited E. lineolata was significantly
greater at Illiniwek (3.34/m-\) than at the two other sites
(Case-IH = 0.56/m* and Sylvan Slough = 0.65/m-)
(Table F-1). Sf)ecies with the highest mean recruitment
densities, Q. pustulosa (4.0/m-^, E. lineolata (1.5/m-),
and T. truncata (l.S/m^^, were also the three most
abundant species collected from Reach 15 in the present
survey (Table A-5). Some species showed little evidence
of recent recruitment at one or more of the study sites; we
did not collect any M. nerwsa or Q. metanevra
(Monkeyface) less than 30 mm in length from either of
the two harvested beds (Case-IH and Illiniwek) and only
one M. nervosa and two Q. metanevra at the refuge bed
(Sylvan Slough).

Recruitment information from Sylvan Slough
(Table F-1) and Case-IH (Table F-3) between 1983 and
1995 demonstrates the unpredictable nature of mussel
recruitment. Some species exhibit fairly constant
recruitment (e.g., Q. pustulosa) with relatively high
densities of young mussels in most years, while others
show evidence of sporadic recruitment (e.g., T. truncata,
T. donaciformis, and M. nervosa). Interpretation of
recruitment information is difficult since we know very
little about the natural reproductive patterns of mussel
species and how they are affected by environmental
conditions (i.e., water temperature, floods, turbidity,
etc.), biological factors (i.e., mussel abundance, host
abundance, peak gravidity, etc.), or anthropogenic
stressors (i.e., commercial harvest, recreational or
commercial boat traffic, pollutants, etc.).

Density distributions based on shell length
(Appendix C) and age (Appendix F) facilitate the
identification of strong or weak cohorts which can be used

to ascertain long-term trends in recruitment. For
example, most mussel species typically showed a modal
age distribution produced by years of significant
recruitment (strong cohorts) and years with poor
recruitment and/or survival (weak cohort). Two mussel
species, M. nervosa and A. plicata, which show very
different recruitment patterns are discussed in greater
detail.

(1) M. nervosa exhibited relatively low densities of recent

recruits (< 1.0/m^ in most quantitative surveys
conducted by INKS in Reach 15 in the last ten
years (1985-1995) (Tables F-1 to F-3). Density
distributions based on age and shell length from
1994-95, show few young (age < 7 years)
(Figures E-1, E-3, and E-5) or small mussels
(shell length < 85mm) (Figure C-2). In fact,
the last significant recruitment by M. nervosa at
our sites probably occurred in 1984-85 and can
be identified in nearly all density distributions
(age, length, and height) since 1987; for
example, the density distribution (based on age)
for M. nerwsa collected in 1987 Sylvan Slough
shows a strong (6.88/m-) age 2-3 cohort (Figure
E-2), which can be identified in the density
distribution from 1994-95 as an age 9-10 cohort
(Figure E-1). This indicates M. nervosa

experiences infrequent recruitment success,
possibly only once during this ten year period.
Heath et al. (1988) suggested an approximate 7-
year recruitment cycle for M. nervosa in the
Wisconsin portion of the UMR.

(2) A. plicata exhibited a more consistent recruitment

pattern, with recent recruit densities typically
between 0.23/m- and 0.68/m- in 1985 and 1995
(Tables F-1, F-2, and F-3). Density

distributions from all study sites (1983-1995),
based on age (Figures E-1 to E-6), shell length
(Figures C-10 and C-20), and shell height
(Figures D-1, D-5, and D-10), show that A.
plicata successfully recruit individuals to their
population each year and occasionally produce an
especially abundant cohort (1985-86, see
Appendix E).

Age and Growth

We observed strong non-linear age-size (Tables
G-3 and G-4) and size-weight (Table G-7) relationships
for the five commercial mussel species (A. plicata, M.

10

nenvsa, Q. quadrula, Q. pustuhsa, and Q. metanevra)
evaluated from Reach 15. Growth curves (Appendix G,
Part IV) and calculated size-at-age (Appendix G, Part III)
indicate growth rates of Reach 15 mussels are similar to
other UMR populations (Woody 1988; Heath et al. 1988)
and much lower than populations in the Illinois River
(Whitney et al., unpublished data). Growth rates
decreased sharply with increasing age. Annual increase in
length for the five species can be summarized as: (1)
mussels aged 1 to 5 grow greater than 7 mm/yr (up to 17
mm/yr for M. nerwsa), (2) mussels aged 6 to 11 grow
from 4 to 10 mm/yr, (3) mussels aged 12 to 17 grow
from 2 to 4 mm/yr, and (4) mussels aged greater than 18
grow less than 2 mm/yr. Species specific annual growth
rates can be determined from Appendix G, Part III.

On average, sexual maturity of most commercial
mussel species (A. plicata, M. nenosa, Q. pustulosa, Q.
metane\ra, and Q. quadrula) occurs during their seventh
or eighth years, with a range from 5 to 12 years of age
(Table G-2).

The time required for a commercial species to
reach minimum harvestable size ranged from 19 to 24
years; M. nenvsa took the longest, requiring 24 years to
reach a shell height of 101.60 mm (4 inch), A. plicata
required 21 years to reach a shell height of 69.85 mm
(2.75 inch), and the three Quadrula species required 19
to 21 years to reach a shell height of 63.5 mm (2.5 inch).
These values are similar to the results from other growth
studies in the UMR (21 years for M. ner\-osa, [Heath et
al. 1988]) and neariy double the time required by the
same species in the Illinois River (e.g., A. plicata reached
minimum commercial size in 9 years in Peoria Reach and
13 years in the Alton Reach of the Illinois River [INHS,
unpublished data]).

Mortality

Mean unionid mortality at Sylvan Slough reached
30.4% in 1983; eight mussel species had mean mortalities
greater than 25%, including M. nervosa (45%), Q.
pustulosa (37.6%), A. plicata (34.9%), and T. truncata
(33.3%) (Table A-8). Since 1983, mortality rates have
generally declined; however, these high mortalities in the
eighties likely contributed to the significant decline in
abundance of many of these species during the past
decade (Table A-9).

During the current survey (1994-95), mean
unionid mortality at the three study sites was estimated at
0.81% at lUiniwek, 1.15% at Sylvan Slough, and 4.27%
at Case-IH. We are concerned about the apparent
increase in mortality at Case-IH, which has increased

from 1.88% in 1987 to 4.27% in 1994. Amblema plicata
showed increased mortality from 1.52% in 1987 to 6.67%

1994 (Table A-10). Overall mortality rates of the other
two sites appear to be within acceptable levels, since they
are typical of most mussel populations we have sampled
(INHS, unpublished data).

Zebra Mussels

We believe zebra mussels first arrived in Reach
15 m late 1991 or eariy 1992. The largest individual
collected in July 1994 measured 28.35 mm. From growth
studies in the Illinois River, this individual would have
been from 2 to 3 years of age (INHS, unpublished data).
Length-frequency histograms (Figure H-1) indicate that at
least one and at most two zebra mussel cohorts settled in
Reach 15 in both 1994 and 1995. Growth rates of zebra
mussels in Reach 15 (determined from length-frequency
histograms) are similar to those observed in the Illinois
River in 1993 (INHS, unpublished data), with mussels
reaching a length of 17 to 20 mm in their first growing
season.

Zebra mussel densities at Reach 15 study sites
have increased significantly between July 1994 and July

1995 (Table H-1). The highest densities have consistently
been found at the Illiniwek site where mean density
increased exponentially, from 1.7/m- in July 1994 to
2,519/m- in July 1995. Dunng the same period, mean
zebra mussel density at Sylvan Slough increa.sed from
0.6/m- to 426. 0/m". Much or the rivers flow is diverted
away from Sylvan Slough by a rock seawall (Figure 3).
This diversion may be the reason why fewer planktonic
zebra mussel larvae (veligers) settled in Sylvan Slough
than at Illiniwek.

The infestation of native unionids at study sites
increased from less than 1% in July 1994 to 48.9% at
Illiniwek and 40. 1 % at Sylvan Slough in September 1995
(Figure H-2). Similarly, the mean degree of infestation
increased from 0.0 to 2.31/unionid at Illiniwek and from
0.0 to 1.29/unionid at Sylvan Slough from July 1994 to
September 1995 (Table H-3 and H-4). The maximum
number of zebra mussels collected on an individual
mussel was 37 on a Q. pustulosa collected from the
Illiniwek site in September 1995 (Figure H-2). From our
experience with zebra mussels in the Illinois River, we
believe this degree of infestation is insufficient to create
negative effects (i.e., reduced growth, restricted mobility,
increased mortality) on unionid mussels. Ricciardi et al.
(1995) used linear regression models to predict the
intensity and impact of zebra mussel infestation on native
unionids from field densities; their models predict severe

11

unionid mortality (> 90%) occurs when zebra mussel
densities and mean infestation intensity reach 6,000/m-
and 100/unionid. We predict that by 1996 or 1997
unionid mussels in Reach 15 of the UMR will experience
significantly greater infestations by zebra mussels and will
subsequently suffer reduced fitness and increased
mortality.

Management Recommendations

A primary objective of this comprehensive study
was to provide resource managers with critical
information necessary for the evaluation of management
and conservation strategies to protect, preserve, or
enhance freshwater mussels in the Upper Mississippi
River.

Analysis of quantitative data collected on mussel
populations in Reach 15 of the UMR over the past decade
shows that mussel populations have declined significantly,
recruitment of many species is sporadic, mortality has
been relatively high, growth rates are generally slow,
illegal harvest has occurred in the mussel refuge, and
zebra mussel abundance and infestation of unionids are
increasing rapidly. We believe the following management
actions could help to conserve mussel populations in
Reach 15 and possibly throughout the entire UMR.

(1) Close the commercial harvest of live Megalonaias
nervosa (Washboard). Studies conducted by the INHS
in Reach 15 since 1983 indicate M. nervosa populations
have suffered a significant (p < 0.001) decline in mean
density (Table A-9), most likely the result of extensive
commercial exploitation, unexplained die-offs from 1982
to 1985, and only one substantial recruitment event in the
past ten years (Figure F-3).

Commercial harvest reports from Illinois
(Williamson 1994) and Iowa (Ackerman 1996) indicate a
significant decline in the reported catch of live washboard
despite a significant increase in fishing effort. In the
Illinois portion of the Mississippi River 1 ,092,330 pounds
of live washboard were reportedly harvested in 1987,
compared to 49,967 pounds in 1994. In the Iowa portion
of the Mississippi, 296,988 pounds of live washboard
were harvested in 1986, compared with only 1254 pounds
in 1992. In the past eight years the average price paid for
live washboards has increased nearly 1000%, increasing
from $0.22/lb in 1987 to $2.40/lb in 1995. As the
number of live washboards has decreased, buyers have
turned to dead (relic) washboards to meet the increasing
demand of their Japanese consumers. In 1995 the average
price paid for relic shell was $1.40/lb.

In the late 1980's, Fritz (1988) recommended a
larger minimum harvest size or a ban on the harvest of
washboard in some reaches of the Mississippi River as the
only alternatives to prevent the serious stock depletion of
this species. Commercial harvest reports from 1987 to
1995 and results from the present mussel survey of Reach
15 indicate washboard stocks may be at or below the
critical level required to maintain themselves, even
without additional commercial pressure. At this point,
merely increasing the size restrictions is an unacceptable
alternative, as it would still allow the further depletion of
the reproductive stock. If commercial harvest of live
washboard is allowed to continue unchecked, they may
soon be extirpated from some reaches of the UMR.

(2) Establish entire reaches as mussel refuges.

Although we support the need and rationale for mussel
refuges, we believe the current mussel refuges only exist
on paper and subsequently do not provide the services for
which they were intended. Our studies in Reach 15
suggest illegal harvest has occurred in the Sylvan Slough
refuge, since all commercial species collected within the
refuge demonstrate a truncated size distribution at the
minimum commercial size limit (Appendix D), a
characteristic of harvested areas. In fact, individuals have
been prosecuted for harvesting mussels in Sylvan Slough
and other UMR mussel refuges (Scott Wright, IDNR
Conservation Warden, personal communication).
According to Wright, enforcement is difficult in that
shellers must be caught harvesting within the refuge
boundaries. Once removed from the refuge, illegally
harvested shells can not be distinguished from legal shells
taken elsewhere. If an entire reach were designated as a
refuge, any persons possessing shells on the water or at
access sites (boat ramps) within the designated reach
would be subject to prosecution.

The Upper Mississippi River Conservation
Committee's (UMRCC) mussel ad hoc committee, which
is composed of representatives from the five UMR states,
recently recommended that two entire reaches of the
Mississippi River be set aside as mussel refuges. An
ideal reach for designation as a refuge would have the
following characteristics: (1) good baseline data (mussel
recruitment, density, diversity, harvest, etc.), (2) high
density of commercial and non-commercial species, (3)
high species diversity, (4) presence of threatened,
endangered, or special concern species, and (5) conducive
to enforcement (limited access, law enforcement presence,
and public support). We believe Reach 15 has all these
characteristics and would be a good candidate for a
mussel refuge.

12

(3) Develop population models to guide and assist the
management of mussels. Mussel populations are in
urgent need of protection and management, but there is a
lack of information on which sound management practices
could be based. Among the very basic questions which
need to be answered are: are mussel populations
undergoing long-term decline? If so, what are the
contributing factors and their relative importance. For
example, is the problem caused by reduced recruitment,
increased mortality (due to harvest, zebra mussels, and
natural causes), or some combination of both? What is a
sustainable harvest level? What age classes or size classes
should be protected from harvest? These are the types of
questions addressed by population models that are in
common use in fish and wildlife management, e.g., for
managing the deer herd in Illinois. Similar population
models need to be developed to guide and assist the
management of mussels.

The recommended approach in developing these
models is to gather data that will be immediately useful to
resource managers in the UMR in regulating harvest of all
commercial species, but at the same time begin
development of a population model for one commercial
species. Field and laboratory data would be used in the
model, which would eventually simulate the outcome of
various management decisions and varying degrees of
zebra mussel impacts. The initial model should be for A.
plicata (Threeridge) which makes up most of the
commercial harvest in the UMR and is common to most
of the medium and large rivers of the midwest. The exact
modeling approach should be left to the discretion of the
modeler, but an example is the dynamic pool approach
described by Pitcher and Hart (1982).

Although a crude model can probably be
developed in one year, refinement, calibration, and
verification of the model is likely to take longer,
especially since it will require at least 5 years of field
work, perhaps more. The reasons for such a long-term
program are: (1) a long time series of data is required to
capture sporadic recruitment events and associate these
with causative factors, and (2) it will take a long time to
collect data that were not collected in earlier studies
(fecundity, age/shell length relationships, repeated
measures of marked individuals to determine growth). A
long-term commitment should be made to this program,
because it would be a waste of resources to start a 5-year
growth study involving recapture of marked mussels and
then not complete it because of lack of funding.

Improved management of mussels does not have
to be postponed until the model is completed however,
because the field investigations themselves would provide

useful information on the status of mussel populations.
The technical basis for management decisions should
improve rapidly as the model and its information base
improve year to year.

(4) Monitor zebra mussel densities and impacts on
native mussels in the Mississippi River. Zebra mussel
densities and infestation of native unionid mussels have
increased significantly since 1994. Between July 1994
and July 1995, zebra mussel densities at the Illiniwek
study site increased from a mean of 1.5/m- to 2,519/m-
(Table H-1) and infestation of native unionids increased
from less than 1% to 48.9% (Figure H-2). As zebra
mussel densities and unionid infestation continue to
increase so will the likelihood of widespread unionid
mortality. Without continuation of monitoring of
Mississippi River zebra mussel populations to determine
abundance and their effects on native unionid mussels, it
will be difficult to justify the implementation of future
mitigation strategies. Reach 15 would serve as an ideal
location to continue to monitor the buildup and impacts of
zebra mussel populations since we have quantitative
baseline information on their abundance and infestation of
unionids.

Acknowledgements

Funding for this research was provided by the
former Illinois Department of Conservation (IDOC)
(contract number PC 955391) which was reorganized into
the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR)
effective 1 July 1995. Additional support was provided
by the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS) and the
Upper Mississippi River System Long Term Resource
Monitoring Program (LTRMP), a cooperative effort of
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, National Biological
Service, and natural resource agencies of Illinois, Iowa,
Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin.

We are indebted to Peggy Baker representing
Tennessee Shell Company; to Wayne Davis representing
the Kentucky Fish and Wildlife Resources and the Mussel
Mitigation Trust Fund; and to Michael Vanderford
representing the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation
for their early financial support which allowed us to hire
the necessary personnel and purchase sampling equipment
utilized in the Reach 15 study.

We are grateful to IDNR commercial fisheries
biologist Bob Williamson and former commercial fisheries
biologist Don Dufford for their support. We are indebted
to Bob Schanzle of the IDNR for his assistance as a diver
and willingness to lend a hand whenever needed.

13

Darin Osland (INHS) served as project assistant
and diver. Other INHS employees assisting as divers or
field assistants were Lori Soeken, Curt Elderkin, Chad
Heffren, Andy Hershberger, Mike Schroeder, Ted Snider,
Jim Stoeckel, and Andy Williams. Stephanie Wickman
served as office manager during this project and Cammy
Smith provided additional secretarial support. We are
indebted to Larry Gross and Jim McNamara for their help
fabricating and maintaining field equipment. Lorin
Nevling was Chief of INHS during this project and Robert
Herendeen and David Philipp served as directors of the
INHS Center for Aquatic Ecology; their support was
appreciated.

Additional assistance in the field and laboratory
was received from Andrea Wiemer, an intern in the
Illinois Energy Education Development (ILEED)
program; volunteers Kim Elkin and Heather Kline; and
the LTRMP Field Station staff.

References

Ackerman, G. and R. DeCook. 1996. Commercial
harvest of freshwater mussels in Iowa, 1995.
Annual Commercial Harvest Report. 6pp.

Blodgett, K. D. and R. E. Sparks. 1987a. Analysis of
a mussel die-off in Pools 14 and 15 of the Upper
Mississippi River. Illinois Natural History
Survey Aquatic Biology Section Technical Report
87/15. 26pp.

Blodgett, K. D. and R. E. Sparks. 1987b. A summary
of freshwater mussel sampling in Mississippi
River Pool 15, Upper Mississippi River. Report
to Illinois Department of Conservation. Illinois
Natural History Survey Aquatic Biology Section
Technical Report 87/16. 11pp.

Cawley, E. T. 1989. A survey of the unionid mussel
populations of the Sylvan Slough mussel
sanctuary, Pool 15, Upper Mississippi River.
Report to the Illinois Department of Conservation
Research Project 3-427-R. 32pp.

Chamberlain, T. K. 1931. Aimual growth of freshwater
mussels. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries. 46:
713-739.

Fntz, A. W. 1988. Illinois mussel shell harvest, 1987.
Annual Commercial Harvest Report, IDOC.
10pp.

Green, R. H. 1979. Sampling design and statistical
methods for environmental biologists. John
Wiley and Sons, New York.

Heath, D. L., M. P. Engel, and J. A. Holzer. 1988.
An assessment of the 1986 commercial harvest
of freshwater mussels in the Mississippi River
bordering Wisconsin. Mississippi River work
unit summary report. Wis. Dept. of Natural
Resources: La Crosse, WI.

McCuaig, J. M. and R. H. Green. 1983. Unionid
growth curves derived from annual rings: a
baseline model for Long Point Bay, Lake Erie.
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic
Sciences 40: 436-442.

Neves, R. J. 1993. A state-of-the-unionids address.
Pages 1-10 in K. S. Cummings, A.C. Buchanan,
and L.M. Koch, eds. Conservation and
management of freshwater mussels. Proceedings
of a UMRCC symposium, 12-14 October 1992,
St. Louis, MO. Upper Mississippi River
Conservation Committee, Rock Island, Illinois.

Neves, R. J. 1987. Proceedings of the workshop on die-
offs of freshwater mussels in the United States.
June 23-25, 1986 in Davenport, Iowa.
Sponsored by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Upper Mississippi River Conservation
Committee. 166 pp.

Neves, R. J. and S. N. Moyer. 1988. Evaluation of
techniques for age determination of freshwater
mussels (Unionidae). American Malacological
Bulletin, Vol. 6(2): 179-188.

Page, L. M., K. S. Cummings, C. A. Mayer, S. L.
Post, and M. E. Retzer. 1991. Biologically
significant Illinois streams. An evaluation of the
streams of Illinois ba.sed on aquatic biodiversity.
Project Completion Report F-llO-R. Illinois
Department of Conservation and Illinois
Department of Energy and Natural Resources.
485 pp.

Pitcher, T. J. and P. J. B. Hart. 1982. Fisheries
Ecology, page 251. The AVI Publishing
Company, Incorporated, Westport. CT. 414pp.

14

Ricciardi, A., F. G. Whoriskey, and J. B. Rasmussen.
1995. Predicting the intensity and impact of
Dreissena infestation on native unionid bivalves
from Dreissena field density. Can. J. Fish.
Aquat. Sci. 52: 1449-1461.

Shannon, L., R. G. Biggins, and R. E. Hylton. 1993.
Freshwater mussels in peril: perspectives of the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Pages 64-68 in
K. S. Cummings, A.C. Buchanan, and L.M.
Koch, eds. Conservation and management of
freshwater mussels. Proceedings of a UMRCC
symposium, 12-14 October 1992, St. Louis,
MO. Upper Mississippi River Conservation
Committee, Rock Island, Illinois.

Sparks, R. E. and K. D. Blodgett 1983. Effects of three
commercial harvesting methods on mussel beds.
Illinois Natural History Survey Aquatic Biology
Section Technical Report 83/10. 44pp.

Sparks, R. E. and K. D. Blodgett 1985. Effects of
fleeting on mussels. Illinois Natural History
Survey Aquatic Biology Section Technical Report
85/8. 94pp.

Thiel, P. A. and A. W. Fritz. 1993. Mussel harvest and
regulations in the Upper Mississippi River
System. Pages 11-18 in K. S. Cummings, A.C.
Buchanan, and L.M. Koch, eds. Conservation
and management of freshwater mussels.
Proceedings of a UMRCC symposium, 12-14
October 1992, St. Louis, MO. Upper
Mississippi River Conservation Committee, Rock
Island, Illinois.

Williamson, R. A. 1995. Commercial mussel harvest
from Illinois Waters in 1994. Aimual
Commercial Harvest Report, IDNR. 13pp.

Woody, Carol A. 1988. Reproductive biology, growth,
and verification of three fish hosts of
Magnonaias nerwsa (Rafinesque, 1820)
(Bivalvia: Unionidae) in the East Channel of
Navigation Pool 10, Upper Mississippi River.
Masters Thesis, University of Wisconsin-La
Crosse, WI.

Zar, J.

H. 1984. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall,
Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 718pp.

Sparks, R. E., K. D. Blodgett, L. Durham, and R.
Homer. 1990. Determination whether the
causal agent for mussel die-offs in the
Mississippi River is of chemical or biological
origin. Illinois Department of Energy and
Natural Resources - Water Resources Publication
90/09. 27pp.

Stansbery, D. H. 1961. The naiades (Moliusca,
Pelecypoda, Unionacea) of Fishery Bay, South
Bass Island, Lake Erie. Sterkiana 5: 1-37.

Stein, C. B. 1973. The life history of Amblema plicata
(Say, 1817), the Three-ridge naiad (Moliusca:
Bivalvia). The Ohio State University, Ph.D.,
Department of Zoology. 174pp.

Stanley Consultants. 1993. Mussel survey Sylvan
Slough, Mississippi River, Rivermiles 485.3-
485.8. 38pp.

Stoekel, D. B., K. D. Blodgett, and R. E. Sparks. 1996.
Sediment contaminants in Reach 15 of the Upper
Mississippi River. Final report to the Illinois
Department of Natural Resources. 40pp.

15

Illinois
==^ Natural History ^=
Survey

Appendices

A comprehensive evaluation of three mussel

beds in Reach 15

of the Upper Mississippi River

Center for Aquatic Ecology

Scott D. Whitney, K. Douglas Blodgett, and Richard E. Sparks

Illinois Natural History Survey
August 1996

Aquatic Ecology Technical Report 96/7

List of Appendices

Appendix Description

A Unionid species richness and abundance

B Calculated number of samples required to
estimate actual density within specified level (%)

C Density distributions based on shell length

D Density distributions based on shell height

E Density distributions based on mussel age

F Unionid mussel recruitment

G Commercial species age and growth

H Zebra mussels {Dreissena polymorpha)

Appendix A

Unionid Species Richness and Abundance

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River

Appendix A

Unionid Species Richness and Abundance

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River

Description Page

Table A-l: Summai-y of quantitative unionid sampling in Reach 15 - A-2

UMR.

Table A-2 : Mean ± standard deviation (SD) and range of live unionid A-2

densities (no./m") at three sites in Reach 15 - UMR.

Table A-3 : Number of Unionid species collected in Reach 15 A-3

(1983-1995).

Table A-4 : Scientific and common names of unionid species collected in A-3

Reach 15 (1983-93).

Table A-5 : Ranked species lists for Reach 15 sites. A-4

Table A-6 : Species summary for three sites in Reach 15, 1994-95. A-5

Table A-7 : Statistical comparison of mean densities of unionids among A-6

three sites in Reach 15, 1994-95.

Table A-8 : Species summary for Sylvan Slougli (RM 485.8), 1983-95. A-7

Table A-9 : Statistical comparison of mean densities of unionids at Sylvan A-8

Slough (RM 485.8) between 1983-95.

Table A-10 : Species summary for Case-IH (RM 488.5), 1985-94. A-9

Table A-11 : Statistical comparison of mean densities of unionids at Case-IH A-10

(RM 488.5) between 1985-94.

Table A-12 : Statistical comparison of mean densities of unionids between A-11

sites and years in Reach 15.

Page A-l

Whitnev et al., Unionid Sun'ev - Reach 1 5 UMR

Table A-1. Summary of quantitative unionid mussel sampling in Reach 15 of the Upper
Mississippi River during surveys conducted by the Illinois Natural History Survey
between (a) 1994-95 and (b) 1983-87.

(a) 1994-95
Site

Number

of quantitative samples

0.25-m^

1-m^

Total

Area
(m^)

July '94

Aug '94

July '95 Sept '95

Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8)
Case-IH (RM 488.5)
Illiniwek (RM 492.4)

80
50
40

22
22

30 6
30 6

116
72
98

34
18
29

Total

170

44

60 12

286

81

(b) 1983-87
Site

Number of quantitative samples

1-m^

Total

Area

May '83

Sept '85 June '87

Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8)
Case-IH (RM 488.5)

4

8 8
6 8

20
14

20
14

Total

4

14 16

34

34

Table A-2. Mean, standard deviation (SD), and range of live mussel densities (no./m-) from
three sites in Reach 1 5 of the Upper Mississippi River sampled between (a) 1994-95
and(b) 1983-87

(a) 1994-95

Site

Mean ± SD/range of live m

ussel densities (noJm-)

July '94

Aug '94

July '95

Sept -95

0%erall

Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8)

48,2±20.8
(0-100)

6S.9±30.3
(12-124)

45.0±15.0
(21-63)

53.4±25.0
(0-124)

Case-IH (RM 488.5)

97.0±51.1
(8-232)

63.2±41.1
(4-180)

867±50,6
(4-232)

lUinmek(RM 492.4)

150 7±42.7
(56-2 W)

124.5±41.4
(56-188)

82.7±34.2
(24-180)

837±15.3
(66-110)

118.3±48,8
(24-264)

(b) 1983-87

Site

Mean ± SD/range

of live mussel den

sities (no./m')

May '83

Sept ■ 85

June ' 87

Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8)
Case-IH (RM 488.5)

89.5±13.5
(75-109)

100.1±21,6
(69-132)

139.2±62.1
(62-216)

115.4±17.2
(93-149)

289.8±25.0
(214-515)

Page A-2

Whitney et al., Unionid Sun'ey - Reach 1 5 UMR

Table A-3. Number of unionid mussel species collected by the Illinois Natural History Survey
during quantitative sampling at three sites in Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi
River between 1983 and 1995.

Site

Number of unionid species

1983

1985 1987 1994-95

Total

Sylvan Slough (RxM 485.8)
Case-IH (RiM 488.5)
Illiniwek (RM 492.4)

18

21 21 23
19 23 20

25
24
25

Total

18

21 24 26

26

Table A-4. Scientific and common names of native unionid species collected in Reach 1 5 of the
Upper Mississippi River during quantitative mussel surveys conducted by the Illinois
Natural History Survey, 1983-95. Taxonomy follows Cummings and Mayer, 1992.

Scientific

Common

1. Actinonaias Jigamentina (Lamarck, 1819).,

2. Amblema plicata (Say, 1817)

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Arcidens confragostts {Say, 1829)

Cumberlandia monodonta (Say, 1829)

Ellipsaria lineolata (Rafinesque, 1820)

Fusconaia flava (Rafinesque, 1820)

Lamps His cardium (Rafinesque, 1820)

8. Lampsilis higginsi (Lea, 1857)

9. Lasmigona complanata (Barnes, 1823)

10. Leptodeafragilis (Rafinesque, 1820)

11. Ligiimia recta (Lamarck, 1819)

12. Megalonaias nen'osa (Rafinesque, 1820)..

13. Obliqiiaria reflexa (Rafinesque, 1820)

14. Obovaria olivaha (Rafinesque, 1820)

15. Plethobasus cyphyits (Rafinesque, 1820)....

16. Potamilus alatus (Say, 1817)

17. Potamilus ohiensis (Rafinesque, 1820)

18. Pyganodon grandis (Say, 1829)

19. Quadnda metanevra (Rafinesque, 1820)....

20. Quadnda nodulata (Rafinesque, 1820)

21. Quadnda pustulosa (Lea, 1831)

22. Quadnda quadnda (Rafinesque, 1820)

23. Strophitus imdulatus (Say, 1817)

24. Tnmcilla donacifonnis (Lea, 1828)

25. Tnmcilla tnmcata (Rafinesque, 1820)

26. Utterbackia imbed His (Say, 1829)

.Mucket

.Threeridge

.Rock-pocketbook

..Spectaclecase

.Butterfly

.Wabash pigtoe

.Plain pocketbook

-Higgins eye

..White heelsplitter

.Fragile papershell

..Black sandshell

..Washboard

.Threehorn wartyback

.Hickorynut

.Sheepnose

..Pink heelsplitter

.Pink papershell

.Giant floater

.Monkeyface

..Wartyback

..Pimpleback

-Mapleleaf

..Squavv^oot

..Fawnsfoot

-Deertoe

.Paper pondshell

Page A-3

Whitney et al, Unionid Survey - Reach 15 UMR

,^-v

u

r-

«

^

«

^

(U

>

^

o

?3

cc

oioioioioiDiQiaioictiQioiftia;

5
S -2 2 c g .5 ^ C

1 =

S -d

k; Oj X O :§ --! ^ OiOj

s

c, Ojc^ O ^ ci;

c i; c

c c ^ =-5

nil

^ oj U c^

>/-i ^D t^ oc ON O

in ^ r- oc ON o

C-) (N fN

^ - g = -

5 -^ "^^

DiDiOiDiOiDiQiQiOiaiQi

-: ^

'^ 5

^ c S S

^, s« - c; ^ >-

< (^ :i ^ O) ^

G r

S K

'c: C c c
s: ■=: 1= ^ ^

^ t^ iC ON O

--V i2 <<<<UUCJUU

^^ ^ G

^—^

--

<i

0

00

CO

TT

u

^.

i

«

U

^

c

Oi.

Qi Qi cti oi a: fti

S 5

~ ? o.

^-5 s -^

c: S S 5

-i ^ .s

^ S S .£«

^'C;^Oi>^^d)CJ)i<^a,ci;0.^^i>j^

tNr^Ttir, vcr^ocosO

^ r-- CO ON o

• J«<UUUUUCJCJUU&ia;a:aittio=ia;a:Qiaia:(iicK:

00

00

U

TT

^

VI

Di-;

3
0

0

s.

V3

on

C

«

>

^

>-,

cn

QJ

s: "::

2 5

? ^ ^ -S

1i ill

C^i

\^ r-- sc ON o

u-i \C t~- ac On O

r-1

I
'^

ON
ON

IT)

m

^ IT,

C^ -r

0<N00CV0000^00— OOOOOOOOOOr^^lJ-

o — ooooo'od — 00 — oodooooooom--vo

or^oocvooo
ovooomooo
o'vood— •do'do'jooo — oor-oooo<N

Or^OOOOOOOOOOClOOOOOOOOOOOM-OO
pr-ppopppoppppppppppprsippoopp
d Hood odd odc>d(Nddo'o'cdd--do<N--o

(^ cv -^ O r-i —

ov r~ oc r-

— r- o (-1
d d cK d

m\OOCr^O[^aC<NOOvOONOO

n

•^;5

.^i?

B

:=?

= «

?

n

u "■

X ^

i

5 ?

c

>-.

^?^,

^.

a

Is

s

^2?

c

i: OS

^

C/3

O — CV O
O U-l OC T

d r- d d

8?;88 =

oovcvo^cooo-a-o
r- cc r^. o — ^o r- o r-J ^

d d -*' d r^i oc d d — d

c> oc o o

CN d — ' — ■

r^f^^r^-Tl^r^f^O-T-TOf^W-, r^roe-

CN o o o o

(^ » C IT/ -T

s — ir! o

=' c = c; r4 c f^ c\ c d c o c" o

O O W-, O o

1/^ = s X oe

or^ — r-Ovocr^O

» o »s c\ tr, ir,

Of, oc^oo — 00c

OfNoooc — c^ —

O oc f^ CC r^, O

r- C^ (N •*

r ^ ^ o

tJ c

■5 •?

a o

-.5:5 Siill I"! I |.§

"3 o c S s; S.

'^ S =: « - .^ 5

■g-S 8SJ-§-S-S-2-5 S^^^

C '2 -<^

•^ in vo

ON O —

^D

V3

Table A-7. Statistical comparison (t-test) of mean densities of unionids among three sites in Reach 1 5 of the
Upper Mississippi River, 1994-95. Statistically significant differences are denoted by the level of
significance and the relationship (> or <) of mean densities.

Reach 15 - 1994-95

Species

Comparison of mean densities between sites

Illiniwek:Sylvan

Illiniwek:Case-IH

Case-IH:Sylvan

1 . Actmonaias ligamentina

NS

2, Amblema plicata

***>

*>

***>

3. Arcidem confragosiis

NS

4 . El lip sari a I in eolata

***>

***>

***>

5. Fiisconaia flava

**>

NS

**>

6. Lampsilis cardium

*>

NS

NS

1 . Lampsilis h igginsi

NS

NS

NS

8. Lasmigona complanata

NS

9. Leptodeafragilis

***>

**>

NS

10. Ligiimia recta

NS

NS

NS

1 1 . Megalonaias nervosa

NS

NS

NS

12. Ob liquaria reflexa

***>

NS

***>

13. Obovaria olivaria

NS

NS

NS

14. Potamihis alatiis

NS

NS

NS

15. Pyganodon grandis

*>

NS

NS

16. Oiiadnda metanevra

***<

*<

***<

1 7 . Ouadrula nodulata

NS

**<

NS

1 8 . Ouadnda pustidosa

NS

*<

**>

19. Ouadrula quadnda

NS

**<

NS

20. Strophitus imdulatus

NS

NS

NS

2 1 . Tnmcilla donaciformis

***<

*<

**<

22. Truncilla tnincata

***>

***>

***>

23. Utterbackia imbecillis

NS

* - significant at p = 0 05 level

** - significant at p =

0.01 level ***-signi

ficant at p = 0.001 level

Page A-6

Whitney et al., Unionid Sun-ey - Reach 1 5 UMR

c ^ *-

1/^

I

00

in

00

o^

00

00
00

3

c

^

8P888888888S8888888S8 8S88

«/^

^

OP-ioodooo'ooo(NOOooooo — 00<N — o

^

g

g^

r-

gooog;ooo;COgoooooop;Of.o§og^

J

1

■j;

g

oddor^odd>/-id-<Noddoo — o — ooot-^g

1

^

8f;8S5888i^R§;^88S8 8S8SS8F:.?S

S

1

i

diNddvdodddm — 2^°"^°°""°?^ — °S — 2

r^

c

r->

8^88§S^8S8Sg88288S8S§8gS^

©

i

d^ddo;odvoooO|5-oo-oor:^§P;;2°fi?!'^

i

s

-Mf'^Ot~-Mr)OOsOO<00 —

-5!— 8t--5-(N3«!^0'/^(NO — (N'OO'^OOsf', -T

©

c?

3

duSdorioddr-idMr-dddddooot^r^or-^oo

©

o^

g

~

""

t

8S88SS;^SSgS;^§§?^^§g5S-P^-5

c

£

§

•a

g

d •/-; dd.r;ddd CO dtN-rddTooi-OMj — 0"-.r~o

1

w--

8gS8SSg8SS§222g§gS2gg8SS2

i

g

da;dd>/-.dddddmTrdd<Nddvodo< — d^<N4

>

1

r->

§^?5?52§§8^S?i288^8§S8~SgS^^

§

:2

^

d — dd«— — dodcK-Too^o — (NOjqf. Of, — r^

3S[^8PS§3S§;2SP,^?8£ = fi§SP^Sa§

_

o

4

g

d^rd d u-idddf^di»i TT d — ooo'/^ — CNf, o^ot^o

iri

ov)r~oooi«»ao06'»'Tr<in'<Ioor<c\wiu^fncs'rr-<

9\

?;

1

Sr<oooe-<s — i-Mcsovor^ — o — TM — aeo'TTfS

n

OMdovdodd-OMr-idoodoTfoTr-d'Toe-o

fH

S

8S882?^8SS§8SSSgSS^§8S8S8

o

Q

<N

d(Ndd — dddmdmoidd-^domd^ — dmr

^

1

c

iSii2?§i^2Sg22gg2§^?S2?gS

©

f

1

d^oddv^■dc;=od-T'Tdd-Tc■o■s^■d»-d^■e^d

^

1

""

^

8S§8gS888§^8SS^^S2SSg8^Sg

!

■|

^

d fN d d <N d d d (N d t' <N d d d d d -3-' d d d d ^' ■»' —

c

i

i

s^siPiliis^^si^iiili^ii^^

©

s

82§§S§£8gSS§88S8SS8SS8SS8

1

o

/2J

m

O-OOr-, O-OO-r', <NOOr-. O O^-Or-irj-

d

i

ssssgssiSiSi§ii§s§i§g§s§§

o

i

^

^

» = oor----03voocf^ooto — MOO(so(N.ior-i

so

«^

r'rNlrSOM''0Cr^'^-v0vC-OTfOr-ltNI0N'-O — r- t-

VI

'o -' ■^"vcrj"'— -T '^'^''^Fj

-T

" M

§

I- «s

orsooorju-iorM — voc^ or- — rj-rf-o oc^r

fS

1

i

£^ M

1

O0C<NO<N-rr-O — tNr-r', — — O0\cr-r^ — OO-^OI-M — f^

x

r- T ooor-, _ ^ -^ — ^ am

© «

c

1

00 (S

x:

^ O^u^or^r^r-, ^OOvOO'^ODOr', — Of^^^

96

IT, SO

SV

f^ 2

3

s 5

So -r

« .=

2

1

IllJflllllllllllllJIJIIII

_r.r,;-r-^^r^ooo;d-rj^2:2s::2s:^?;?i?i^;Q

51'

t^i

00
IT)

00

3

So

C/5

IT)

a\

>

A

00 c/^ oo A c/2 A

00 A

A

OO A 00

A oo 00

A oo

_w

o^

:z; :z; ^ * z *

Z *

*

z * z

* Z Z

* Z

o
o

l-H

^t- ^K-

*

■X-

*

t--*

* *

*

*

*

*

6

00

11

c^

a.

ITj

§

=^

o

A

KAi U~l ^J^ ^J^ l\ ^J^ l\

c/3 A

A

00 oo oo

O) 00 c/:)

00 A

'c

00

ON

*

-^7^7:7:. * 7^*

Z *

*

z z z z z z

Z *

•^

V2

»-^

*

* *

*

*

*

1

00
ON

■X- *

*

^

*

:

c

o

00

"5

ON

A

c/^ c>o c/: OO l>0 OO

00 V

^

A t/^ 00

V C/^ 00

V A

>

^

7".

z:z:z;:z;:z:z2*

Z

* z z

* Z Z

■»!■ *

C/5

ITj

*

*

*

*

!ir

0^

00

*

^

.

ON

o

'^

^^

II

C

Q.

o;

^->

•c

IT.

a

c

ON

c

s

^

A

00 oo A ^ A 00 A

^ A

A 00

00 oo 00

OO A

o

E

ON

*■

:z :^ * :^ * :^ *

Z *

* z

z z z

Z *

'c

^<- ^(- *

*

*

00

o

00

* * *

*

*

•^

c

ON

«

o

*

'il

E

00

ON

A

c/^ A c/:) oo c/5 V

^ oo

A V

V 00 C/5

V A

1

u

00
ON

2: * z :z; :^*

z z

*

* z z

* *
*

_4J
O

d
II

D.

XTi

00

tc

ON

^

on

m m /\ rj~i en a:i LTi

C/^ 00

00 00

oo 00 00

00 a^

c
o

00

:^2;z*":z2;:z^

Z 2:

z z

z z z

Z Z

ON

00

■55

52 ^

?

7//a pustulosa
•ula quadnda
lla donaciformis

^

*

C3

Arcidens confragos
FJlipsaria lineolata
Fusconaia flava
Lampsilis cardium
Leptodeafragilis
Ligumia recta
Megalonaias riervo.

II

■52 ^ <3

HI

1-2-2

o ?: ?:

2 'S

II

^ 2

II

1
0

'E

50

ti
SI

^

1

. Pygan
. Quadr
. Quadr
. Quadr
. Quadr
. Tnmci

1

rA en -rt ^r-i \d r- oo

ON O

^

CA m ^

u~^ \0 t~-

od on'

T

5?

5^

■c

S^

o

£

o

o r- o CA o o o

o r- o o o o

oo o <?> ^o o

O O <N — O

■cr o ■^' p^ o

oooo^ooooo-^

00000^00000^

OOO — OOfNvOO
OOOOOptNt^p

oo-t— •oooc— o

o o o o

a\

ON

c

00

ON

00

ON

IT)

00
00

O C\ O <J-l 00

o o o o o o r~-

OOOOOOOr^

8s;c

OC^OOC^^(NO^

dodd^d — <N

M- VD Ov ■* O

o o o o o

D

_

i7\

G

F

f^

ci

g

1

3

"

94

Q

ID

a

2

c

1

^O O O ^O O tN •*

vo — — r-

OrOCvOOOOOC —

oooooooooooooooooooooooo
dr-id — — — ddtn'd — ^ — o — ddr-ivarsdo^fod

o o o © c
"T o e\ -T —
f»5 — — -r —

= o c
f^ — ir;

oooooooooooooooooooooooo

Or'iU-iOOC — OOOOintNOLnt-- — OininoCOOf^CNO

dr~-'dood — dddd<N<Nd-^ — ddd'^rsiorrijnTj:

C r») f^ >/■,

O OC — ON

r- o o — (N >-o

cn -* o r-- ON

ro vO r^ O -^ ^ ^

be ^

s — -S

2 s: =S

■i^ o

I s s s i -s ^

- 5e

o -P

11

vo r~

ON O —

MO r~-

ON O

ON &•
< ^

Table A-11. Statistical comparison (t-test) of mean densities of unionids at Case-IH (RM 488.5) between
1985, 1987, and 1994. Statistically significant differences are denoted by the level of
significance and the relationship (> or<) of mean densities

Case-IH (RM 488.5)

Species

Compa

rison of mean densities between years

1985:1987

1985:1994

1987:1994

1. Amblema plicata

**<

NS

***>

2. Ellipsaria lineolata

**<

NS

**>

3. Fusconaia flava

*<

NS

**>

4. Lampsilis cardiimi

NS

NS

NS

5 . Lampsilis h igginsi

NS

6. Lasmigona complanata

NS

7. Leptodeafragilis

NS

***>

***>

8. Ligiunia recta

NS

NS

**>

9. Megalonaias nen'osa

NS

NS

NS

1 0 . Obliquaria reflexa

**<

NS

NS

1 1 . Obovaria olivaria

NS

NS

**>

12. Potamilus alatus

NS

***>

***>

1 3 . Pot am this oh tens is

NS

14. Pyganodon grandis

NS

NS

15. Oiiadrula metanevra

NS

NS

NS

16. Ouadnda nodulata

*<

NS

**>

17. Ouadnda pustulosa

**<

NS

***>

18. Quadnda qiiadmla

* <

NS

*>

1 9 . Tnm cilia donaciform is

NS

**>

**>

20. Tnmcilla tnm cat a

NS

**>

***>

2 1 . Utterbackia imbed I lis

NS

* -significant at p = 0.05 level **

-significant at p =

0.01 level *** - significant at p = 0.001 level

PageA-10

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 15 UMR

Table A-12. Statistical comparison (t-test) of mean densities of unionids at Reach 15 (UMR) between sites
and years (1983 to 1995). Statistically significant differences are denoted by the level of
significance and the relationship (> or <) of mean densities.

Reach 15 Sites : 1983 to 1995

Comparison

of mean densities between sites and

years

Site

Variables

Significance

Reach 15, 1994-95

Illiniwek : Sylvan Slough

AAA >

Reach 15, 1994-95

Illiniwek : Case-IH

AAA >.

Reach 15, 1994-95

Case-IH : Sylvan Slough

AAA>

Reach 15, 1987

Case-IH : Sylvan Slough

AAA>

Reach 15, 1985

Case-m : Sylvan Slough

NS

Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8)

1983

1985

NS

Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8)

1983

1987

A <

Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8)

1983

1994-95

AA>

Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8)

1985

1987

NS

Sylvan Slougli(RM 485.8)

1985

1994-95

AAA>

Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8)

1987

1994-95

AAA>

Case-IH(RM 488.5)

1985

1987

AA <

Case-IH(RM 488.5)

1985

1994

AAA >

Case-IH (RM 488.5)

1987

1994

AAA >

* - significant at p = 0.05 level **

- significant at p = 0 01 level *** - sign

ficantatp = O.OOnevel

PageA-11

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 1 5 UMR

Appendix B

Calculated number of samples required to estimate
actual density within specified level (%)

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River

Appendix B

Calculated number of samples required to estimate
actual density within specified level (%)

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi Rrver

Description

Page

Table B-1 : Calculated number of samples required to estimate unionid B-2

density at three sites in Reach 15 (UMR).

(1.) Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8) 1983-1995
(2.) Case-IH(RM 488.5) 1985-1994
(3.) Illinivvek(RM 492.4) 1994-95

Table B-2 : Calculated number of samples required to estimate unionid B-3

species density at Sylvan Slough (RM 485 .8) m (a) 1 994-95 and
(b)1985.

Table B-3 : Calculated number of samples required to estimate unionid B-4

species density at Case-IH (RM 488.5) m (a) 1994 and (b)
1985.

Table B-4 : Calculated number of samples required to estimate unionid B-5

species density at IlUniwek (RM 492.4) in 1994-95.

Page B-1

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 15 UMR

Table B-1. Calculated number of quantitative samples required to estimate unionid density at three
sites in Reach 15 (UMR) within x% of the actual density with a 0.05% probability of
being incorrect. Based on the formula : n = [(2SD) ^ (xM)]-, where : n = number of
samples required, SD = standard deviation, x = desired level of accuracy (i.e., 10% = 0.1),
and M = mean unionid density based on samples collected Numbers within rectangles
indicate the number of samples collected met or exceeded the number of samples
required for each level of accuracy (%).

Reach 15 (UMR)

Site

Date

Density

Samples
Collected

S

amples Requ

ired

Mean

SD

10%

20% 30%

40%

50%

Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8)

Case-IH (RM 488.5)
Illinmek (RM 492.4)

June 1994

June 1995

Sept. 1995

Overall 94-95

1983

1985

1987

1985-87

June 1994

Aug. 1994

Overall 1994

1985

1987

1985-87

June 1994
Aug. 1994
June 1995
Sept 1995
Overall 94-95

48.2
68.9
45.0
53.4
89.5
100.1
115.4
107.8

97.0
63.2
86.7
139.3
294.3
216.8

150.7
124.5
82.7
83.7
118.3

20.8
30.3
15.0
25.0
13.5
21.6
17,2
10.8

51.1
41.1
50.6
62.1
94.3
109.6

42.7
41.4
34.2
15.3
48.8

80
30
6
116
4
8
8
16

50

72
6
8

14

40
22
30
6
98

|74

19 8

5

3

77
44

19 9

5

3

11 1 5

3

2

|88

22 10

5

4

9
19
9

2 1

1

0

5 2 11

2 1

1

0

1 4

1 0

0

0

111
169
136

79
41
102

28 12

7

4

42 1 19

11

7

34 15

9

5

20

9

1 5

3

10
26

5

3

2

11

6

4

1 32

8 4

2

1

44
68
13

11 5

3

2

17 8

4

3

3 111

1 68

17 8

4

3

Page B-2

Whitney et al.. Unionid Sun'ey - Reach 1 5 UMR

Table B-2. Calculated number of quantitative samples required to estimate unionid species density at
Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8) in (a) 1994-95 (116 samples collected) and (b) 1985 (8 samples
collected) within x% of the actual density with a 0.05% probability of being incorrect. Based
on the formula : n = [(2 SD) ^ (xM)]-, where : n = number of samples required, SD = standard
deviation, x = desired level of accuracy (i.e., 10% = 0. 1), and M= mean unionid density based
on samples collected. Numbers within rectangles indicate the number of samples collected
met or exceeded the number of samples required for each level of accuracy (%).

(a) 1994-95 (116 samples)

Species

Density (/m')

Samples Requi

red

Mean

SD

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 1

Ouadnila pustulosa

14.15

9.89

195

49

22

12

8

Ellipsaha lineolala

6.80

5.73

284

/I

32

18

11

Truncilla truncata

8.44

7.29

298

75

33

19

12

Obliquaria rvjlexa
Quadrula metanevra

3.94
4.42

4.03
5.11

418
535

105

46
59

26
33

17

134

Amblema plicata

3.25

4.26

687

172

76

43

Afegalonaias ner\'osa

2.24

3.18

806

202

90

50

Tntncilla donaciformis
Lep to dea fragilis

4.49
1.78

6.50

3,22

838
1309

210

93

52
82

327

145

Quadnila quadrula
Ligumia recta

1.85
0.28

3.58
0,99

1498
5001

374 166
1250 556

94

60

313

200

Lamps! lis cardium

0.25

0,96

5898

1475 655

369 236

Utterbackia imbecillis

0.22

0,90

6694

1674 744

418 268

Plethobasus c\phvus

0.32

1,31

6704

1676 745

419 268

Quadnda nodulata

0.29

1,27

7671

1918 852

479 307

Potamilus alatus

0.14

0.74

11176

2794 1242

698 447

Actinonaias ligamentina

0.10

0.64

16384

4096 1820

024 655

Lampsilis higginsi

0.10

0.64

16384

4096 1820

024 655

Fusconaiaflava

0.10

0.64

16384

4096 1820

024 655

A/videns confragosus

0.07

0.53

22931

5733 2548

433 917

Pyganodon grandis

0.10

0,83

27556

6889 3062

722 1102

Strophitus undulatus

0.03

0,37

60844 15211 6760 3803 2434 j

Obovaria olivaria

0.03

0,37

60844 15211 6760

>803 2434 1

(b) 1985 (8 samples)

Species

Density (/m^)

Samples Required

Mean

SD

10%

20%

40%

50%

Amblema plicata
Lep to dea fragilis
Ouadnila pustulosa
Potamilus alatus
Ttvncilla truncata
Afegalonaias nerxosa
Utterbackia imbecillis
Quadrula quadrula
Obliquaria rejlexa
Etlipsaria lineolala
Quadivla metanevra
Pyganodon grandis
Truncilla donacifonnis
Potamilus ohiensis
Fusconaiaflava
Lampsilis cardium
Ligumia recta
A rcidens confragosus
Quadrula nodulata
Obovaria olivaria
Plethobasus cypfnus

9.80
10.10
19.80
2.20
12.60
13.40
4.10
1.80
4.10
5.20
6.60
0.90
6.50
0.80
0.50
0.90
0.20
0.20
0.10
0.10
0.10

260
2 90
6,20
0,70
430
4,70
1,80
0,80
2,00
2,80
4,10
0,60
4,70
0,70
0,50
0,90
0,40
0,40
0,30
0,30
0,30

28

33

39

40

47

49

77

79

95

116

154

178

209

306

400

400

1600

1600

3600

3600

3600

100
100
400
400
900
900
900

7

3

T

1

8

4
4

;

1

2

lu

10

4

3

-)

12

5

3

2

12

5

3
5

19

9

20 9

5

24 11

6

29 13

7

6

39 17

10

44 20 11

7

52 23 13

8

77 34 19

12

44

44
178
178
400
400
400

100
100
225

Page B-3

Whitney et al,, Unionid Survey - Reach 1 5 UMR

Table B-3. Calculated number of quantitative samples required to estimate unionid species density at
Case-IH (RM 488.5) in (a) 1994 (72 samples collected) and (b) 1985 (6 samples collected)
within x% of the actual density with a 0.05% probability of being incorrect. Based on the
formula ; n = [(2 SD) ^ (xM)]-, where : n = number of samples required, SD = standard
deviation, x = desired level of accuracy (i.e., 10% = 0.1), and M = mean unionid density based
on samples collected Numbers within rectangles indicate the number of samples collected
met or exceeded the number of samples required for each level of accuracy (%).

(a) 1994 (72 samples)

Species

Density (/m^)
Mean SD

Samples Required |

10%

20%

30% 40% 50% 1

Truncilla tnincata

18.00

11.43

161

1 40 1

18

10

6

Amblema plicata

14.00

12.31

309

77

34

19

12

Quadrula pustulosa

21.00

19.44

343

86

38

21

14

Obliquaria reflexa

9.17

9.45

425

106

47

27

17

Ellipsaha lineolata
Quadrula quadrula
Leplodeafragilis

13.78
2.61
2.06

15.11
3.73
3.66

481
817
1263

120
204
316

53

30
51

19
33
51

91

140

79

Megalonaias nervosa

3.61

6.52

1305

326

145 82

52

Truncilla donacifomiis
Quadrula metanevra

2.00
0.83

3.84
2.00

1475
2323

369
581

164 92

59

258 145

93

Quadrula nodulata

0.61

1.72

3180

795

353 199 127

Fusconaia/la\'a

0.61

1.72

3180

795

353 199 127

Lampsilis cardium

0.50

1.48

3505

876

389 219 140

Pyganodon grandts

0.39

1,36

4864

1216

540 304 195

Potamilus alatus

0.17

0.80

8858

2215

984 554 354

Llgumia recta

0.11

0.66

14400

3600

1600 900 576

Lasmigona complanata

0.11

0.66

14400

3600

1600 900 576

Obovaria olivaria

0.11

0.66

14400

3600

1600 900 576

Sljvphilus undulatus

0.06

0.47

24544

6136

2727 1534 982

Lampsilis higginsi

0.06

0.47

24544

6136

2727 1534 982

(b) 1985 (6 samples)

Species

Dens
Mean

ty (/m^)
SD

Samples Requ

red

10%

20%

30%

40% 50%

Truncilla truncata

34.30

15.20

79

20

9

5

Amblema plicata

16.30

7.30

80

20

9

5

Obliquaria tv/lexa
Ellipsaha lineolata

4.20
15.50

2.00
8.00

91

107

23

27

10
12

6

7

L ep to de a fragilis

20.20

10.80

114

29

13

7

Truncilla donacifomiis
Quadrula pustulosa

7.30
22.70

4.30
14.80

139
170

35
43

15
19

9

6

11

7

Quadrula quadrula

2.80

2.00

204

51

23

13 8

Potamilus alatus

6.20

4.70

230

57

26

14 9

Megalonaias ner\-osa

2.70

2.20

266

66

30

17 11

Lampsilis cardium

1.20

1.10

336

84

37

21 13

Quadrula nodulata

0.50

0.50

400

100

44

25 16

Fusconaia flava

0.70

0.80

522

131

58

33 21

Utterbackia imbecillis

2.70

4.00

878

219

98

55 35

Potamilus ohiensts

0.70

1.10

988

247

110

62 40

Quadrula metanevra

0.30

0.50

1111

278

123

69 44

Arcidens confragosus

0.30

0.50

1111

278

123

69 44

Ligumia recta

0.30

0.50

1111

278

123

69 44

Obovaria olivaria '

0.30

0.50

nil

278

123

69 44

Page B-4

Whitney et al., Unionid Sun'ey - Reach 1 5 UMR

Table B-4. Calculated number of quantitative samples required to estimate unionid species density at
Dliniwek (RM 492.4) in 1 994-95 (98 samples collected) within x% of the actual density with
a 0.05% probability of being incorrect. Based on the formula : n = [(2 SD) - (xM)]-, where :
n = number of samples required, SD = standard deviation, x = desired level of accuracy (i.e.,
10% = 0.1), and M = mean unionid density based on samples collected. Numbers within
rectangles indicate the number of samples collected met or exceeded the number of samples
required for each level of accuracy (%>).

(a) 1994 (98 samples)

Species

Dens
Mean

ity (/m^)

Samples Required

SD 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Ellipsaria lineolata

35.02

18.14 107

27

12

7

4

Truncilla truncata

35.59

21.26 143

36

16

9

6

Amblema plicata

10.34

7.51 211

53

23

13

8

Ouadrula pustulosa

16.17

12.11 224

56

25

14

9

Obliquaha rejlexa
Leptodeafragilis

9.93
3.83

8.60 300
4.36 518

75

33
58

19

32

12
21

130

Afegalonaias nen.'osa
Ouadrula quadrula

2.77
1.33

3.16 521
2.19 1085

130

58

33
68

21

43

271

121

Truncilla donaciformis
Lampsilis cardium
Fusconaia fla\'a

1.02
0.63
0.51

1.99 1523
1.45 2119
144 3189

381 169

95

61
85

530 235

132

797 354 199

128

Pyganodon grandis

0.50

1.65 4356

1089 484 272 174

Potamilus alatus

0.34

1.24 5320

1330 591 333 213

Utterbackia imbed His

0.42

1.55 5448

1362 605 340 218

Ouadrula melanevra

0.33

1.24 5648

1412 628 353 226

Ligumia recta

0.24

0.96 6400

1600 711 400 256

Arcidens confragosus

0.20

0.89 7921

1980 880 495 317

Lasmigona complanata

0.16

0.80 10000

2500 1111 625 400

Lampsilis higgmsi

0.13

0.70 11598

2899 1289 725 464

Obovaria olivaria

0.13

0.70 11598

2899 1289 725 464

Strophitus undulatus

0.09

0.58 16612

4153 1846 1038 664

Actinonaias ligamentina

0.12

0.90 22500

5625 2500 1406 900

Quadrula nodulala

0.05

042 28224

7056 3136 1764 1129

Potamilus ohiensis

0.04

0,40 40000 10000 4444 2500 1600

Cumberlandia monodonta

0.04

0.40 40000 10000 4444 2500 1600

Page B-5

Whitney et al, Unionid Survey - Reach 1 5 UMR

Appendix C

Density distributions based on shell length

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River

Appendix C

Density distributions based on shell length

Pool 15 of the Upper Mississippi River

Description

Page

Part I. Density distributions for unionid species from Sylvan Slough
(RM 485.8), Case-IH (RM 488.6), and Illiniwek (RM 492.4),
1994-95.

Figure C-1 : Amblema pUcata - Threeridge

Figure C-2 : Megalonaias nen'osa - Washboard

Figure C-3 : Ouadnda quadnda - Mapleleaf

Figure C-4 : Quadnda pustulosa - Pimpleback

Figure C-5 : Leptodea fragdis - Fragile papershell

Figure C-6 : EUipsaria lineolata - Butterfly

Figure C-7 : Obliquaria reflexa - Tlireehorn

Figure C-8 : Tnincdla tnmcata - Deertoe

Figure C-9 : Tnincdla donacifonnis - Fawnsfoot

Part II. Densit>' distributions for unionid species at Sylvan Slough
(RM 485.8) from 1983, 1985, 1987, and 1994-95.

Figure C-10
Figure C-11
Figure C-12
Figure C-1 3
Figure C-14
Figure C-1 5
Figure C-1 6
Figure C-1 7
Figure C-1 8
Figure C-19

Amblema plicata - Threeridge
Megalonaias nervosa - Washboard
Ouadnda quadnda - Mapleleaf
Ouadnda pustulosa - Pimpleback
Ouadnda metanevra - Monkeyface
Leptodea fragdis - Fragile papershell
EUipsaria lineolata - Butterfly
Obliquaria reflexa - Threehom
Tnincilla tnincata - Deertoe
Tnincilla donaciformis - Fawnsfoot

Part III.

Density distributions for unionid species at Case-IH (RM
488.5) from 1985, 1987, and 1994.

Figure C-20
Figure C-21
Figure C-22
Figure C-23
Figure C-24
Figure C-25
Figure C-26
Figure C-27
Figure C-28

Amblema plicata - Threeridge
Megalonaias nervosa - Washboard
Quadnda quadnda - Mapleleaf
Quadnda pustulosa - Pimpleback
Leptodea fragdis - Fragile papershell
EUipsaria lineolata - Butterfly
Obliquaria reflexa - Threehom
Tnincilla truncata - Deertoe
Tnincilla donaciformis - FauTisfoot
Page C-1

C-2

C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-11

C-12

C-13
C-14
C-15
C-16
C-17
C-18
C-19
C-20
C-21
C-22

C-23

C-24
C-25
C-26
C-27
C-28
C-29
C-30
C-31
C-32

Part I.

Density distributions for unionid species from Sylvan

Slough (RM 485.8), Case-IH (RM 488.6), and

Illiniwek (RM 492.4), 1994-95.

Description Page

Figure C-1 : Amhlema plicata - Threeridge C-3

Figure C-2 : Megalonaias nodosa - Washboard C-4

Figure C-3 : Ouadnda quadnda - Mapleleaf C-5

Figure C-4 : Quadnda pustulos a - Pimpleback C-6

Figure C-5 : Leptodeafragdis - Fragile papershell C-7

Figure C-6 : EUipsaria lineolata - Butterfly C-8

Figure C-7 : Obliquaria reflexa - Threehorn C-9

Figure C-8 : Tnincdla tnincata - Deertoe C-10

Figure C-9 : Tnincdla donaciformis - Fawnsfoot C-11

Page C-2

Whitney et al, Unionid Survey - Pool 15 UMR

Length

Interval

(inch)

n

*

^

^

-

as

3

»-5

1^

•^

'n
"S

2:

5^

'n
>>

■S ''-1

d

1

<§

d

d

i

d

d

d

d

w^

d

1/^ «-~

d

o

rj

©

2§.

o

2

©

d

d

i

si

w

X

l

1

III d

d

d

d

1

s

d

15

^i

?^

5.

s

!•

§

3

©

d

d

© ill

M

c
>

1

S2

o o

d

s

o

§
°

—

2

O

d

00

d

IT) 00

5|5

d

d

d

d

d

d

IT)

d

d

^

=

©1©

©

Length

Interval

(mm)

i^

^ "^

^

^

^

^

%

>

^

§

^

IQ

§

0-1

^

0\

•x

:c

^ ^P^

8

s

b

n

a

^

H

^

»o

^

uo

«

as

s

^
y

^

^

c3

0^

• *

• •

• •

F

yj

9J

u

X

a>

05

o

(A)

;S

j=

a>

C/3

S o

c <

crs ^ ^
II H II

%

[

■

^

[

f

c

c

E

r

1

■

r-

oT'

[Z

c

[Z

c

c

c

D

D

i

f

[

i
[

1 ■ '

i

i , ,

1

! , ,

t , , ,

i. ,

t

1

f

1

ITi

c

1

Pi

[

^

E

^

t

[

00*

te

fS

E

,C '

TT

i

TT

E

6ft

i

[

■^

1

c:

1

- — -

.1

C

[

^1

■d

=

o VO (s oc
«s ^" — ' o

© ^ «N 00 ^ O

a «' -^ d d Q

(^Ul/OU) X4ISU3Q

VO <S 00 rr o

iS

lip

;: m iliii

0^

III

C/3

;S

^ .B-

=2 '55

6

v 'J? <^'
II Ji, II

c •< IX

"h £

c <

trt

c2

-

; :

■

r

-^

©

m

r

M^

01

vri

i ; [=:

; :

■

e:

p

rm.

IT)

« T3

"

; i

pm

■

z

; : 1

I i E

y^' ^

■

L

- «s

?
^

f)

1 o

11
tl

1 °

4

in

; : 1

f ""

-•

i L. . ,

■ t

1.

4>

1

1

: f ,

.

[ ', ,'"■

^

ir^

ir-"^=^ — —

t ,,.

■2
1/)

ON
00

t

cr
c
E
o

2

■

: t ,

: it : :

■

^

i : tz
• ; : E

i : \.

1 ■ ' : :

1—^ —

r

: i t

1

; :cz

1

«/■)

a fP

c^.

: :

W)

6X

^ E

>,

fS

EZ

w

so

C

o S

; ;

E

■

m

o d

r4

fr

- : i

-_

E

r

re
c

Of

L

- oc;
oc'

ON

r

IT)

C/D

II II

= <

II

.

,c

E

■^i

■n'

en

. U^

n.

Ml

**::

s

fO

■

O

■S 1

^

i^.

c

L

■ ^i

."A

o

>

I: •

'^

■

J^

, i i ,

■a \

• =

- IT)

o o o o o o o o

(jUI/OU) ;CJ!SU3Q

^ s

^ ^ u-^

in

u-.-

Lengt

Interv

(inch

^

On

Ok

».

on

an

an

K

r^

K

»^

>Oi

vo

ST.

o-i

»^

<r^

> ">

>»•

<Vl <V)

'n

<N

^n

^

<^

0\

'n

o,

'n

5i

«i

<=>

«J

^

•^

~"

*^

~"

*^

fsi

N

N

<^i

N

'^

'"^

1

^

>■ >•

"S

S

1

E

1

s

§

§

o

VO

§

s

s

s

§

s

S

^

ri

^

s

1
i:

Si©

©

©©

1
©1©

;T^

OiO

o

o

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

o

©

o i 1 i 1

^

=

??^-

i

i 1 i i 1 1

^|x

iii

ill

[

1 i 1

i

«"

w

S

§

t-

t-

S

§

t-

5

S

n

^

§

s©

© ©f© © ,©

c

m

;«»;

O

o

o

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

o

©

©

^

U

m

11

I i ^

c

Wi

III

• M ■ f .

>

m
o

w

§

^

§

VI

00

-

s

©

V)

00

?5

«s

s

^

o o ©■© © ©.©

o

o

o

a

o

o

o

©

o

©

©

©

o

O'k ( 1 f i '

m

t

M M M

I 1

, 1

■s ^ ^

1

S ii E

«^

«i

«/^

^

;c^

^^

^

!?

§

<5

^

IQ

§

5

t

sl

^ ^ "^

J = ^

IT. &>

■R

yi

t

^

•H.

^

"5

^

[^

^

s

■q_

S^

s

2

^

s

^

ti:

5-

E

i>

S

■9
S
a

1

1

II

II

II

c

<

X

(jUi/-ou) Xjisuaa

O)

o .
•c c2

-I -a

^ ^ lO

.2 ."t: cc

Q.

in

Length

Interval

(inchj^

^

s^s^

?i

g

a©

a©

t^

^

;^

^

s

<r»

^

^

5

'n

^

^

P!

^'

■as *

i

^

<5i

*^

•^

•^

<N

^

N

r4

N

^

'n

fri

o^

fn

>

>

>

>

^

11

11

III

11

§

£22?:?

^

r*

S

3S

s

^

s

IT)

§

§

w

P

si

w

E

E

o

© © ©

1

rl

«M

«s

"

.—

©

©

©

©

©

m

o

■^

v?

'

k&

SSW:

WA

::::S::

^:i : 1

Hs;

li

mi

m

Mi

■>-.—

•-*

■*

rs

r»

r-

SW:

:¥«:

iHi

."!:: 4(

oi<-! '^.ive

(^

00

.-<

o\

as

^^

f^

—

O-

:0:

:0:

©:

«

<»■

9'

<»

.■:jO:o[©

_<

o

>i^

f^

-*

r^

<s

©

O

©

SSW

w™;

?s

::;:■>;

^

u

:';?! i !

11

ill

,:;;|::::;;

c

1 : ^

1

11

iii

■•■ \A

i II

s

©

ir,

i*>

^1

\>

o «n;oc r-

•^

u^

o\

^

«?

o

A^ii»

:.0.

tf>

;ss-

©:: O

<&

»©

c/3

.:;■:, OiOJO

"i"

^l-

<s

"

°

©

©

ill

11

|Ef

-^

^

<?.

<?.

<5)

»^

«>

!^

«>

<^

<^^

«/-!

§s

5^

:q^

S ii E

<N

<N

'n

"^

>

>

«>-)

^

«

ao

»,

J = —

___

__

^_

__

^^

__

'

__

■^ •-« -^ K ^

41 -a

WD -2
« o

^1

■g a ^■

lect
mpl
amp

it 1

§ 1 i

c ° S

Irg.^

crof
area
dens

■I s ^

Se2 ^

II II II

= <1K

(jUI/'OU) yCjisuaQ

F

o

t>2 r-v

=

:S c^

-S

goS

D.

^B

u

cs u^

CI) ,— 1

tn

"^ r-

ON

Si3

1

w

^

>3

^ ??

ON

■-2

^T 1^

ON

^

^ Oi

C'

■*-^

• • • •

• •

?

V5 a>

U

a> ^

C5

^

^ ^

;2i

Q D

1

""■

~~

~~

—

'""

""~

~~

^~

"^

~~

~"

""

U: cB ^

Lengt

Interv

(inch

1^

l\

K

rv.

VO

VO

>=•

<'^

<^

>

:? "*

•v)

•n

•^ r*

5^1

"Si

=2;

"■

5:5

•^

"^

"n

5>;

<N

"1

N

^

N

::?

"v-l

'nl'n

s

^

"I-*

^
*

ill

©

©

r<)

g

■t

©

f*^

r-

(*>

|;| II

o

f^

«N

<-»

r-i

«N

^0

f^

«M

f^

©

©

©

©

©

o o

¥

i

©

O

©

o

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

°

©

©

©

©

©

©

1

^

•

""

K

SI??

^

g

i

S

§

§

g

^

§

S

g

§

§

§

g

z;

^

= sfe

o o

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

o

© ©

o

o 1 © mi

^

u

II

[

1 1*1

.

i liii

>

li

s

s

^

§l2

©

as

f^ ©

S

§

©

§

s

s

g

S2

Sl2^S!o

C/2

0'!0;0

©1©

©

©

©

d ©■

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

©t©

1

©|©©j

-= "« ^

i 1

M^ E

<i </-l

•c^

"^

C^

«/l

^

<^

<?t

lO

5^

0-1

5V

0-^

«^

<^

^

"^

t

^ ~^ ~^ fN

£ ii E

'

<N

fN

'n

^n

"^

>o

J ^ ^

r r

E

e

E

oo

i-N

00

as

ri

=^

c <

TT

-^

^^

r- -

j:

ro

1/^

o

/^

f^ -

C/2

e

Ov -

c

«s

&n

«
t

;^.-

— 00

00
0^

o'
o>
©'

iz"

[s

C"

c.
I

I"

E

r- ^ — '

O00VO"*«SO OCVO-^fSOOO^-^fNO

— ■ © o d d Q d d d d d d d d d d

■g

^

"o

1

E

■>

■a

c

1

J,

^

u

^

c

^

c-

c

i'

^

s

i3

s
-s

^

c

s

n

V

II

II

II

c

<

**

(jUi/ou) /{^isuaa

F

^ ^>

o

"^ ^

'>^

t

3

•g-^

s

1

3

^ Q<^

^

^ « u

.&.

.2i .ti c«

r-^

«-> C/5 JW

a> ''^ >-

Length

Interval

(inch)

n

S^S^^i

S22

^

x^

K

OS

S^s?

;^

{$

s

5^

^^i^l^::;?;:;::^

P!

^

';i ^ «s

...

"~"

•>i

"r

N

rs

"

-^

'n

rnH;'-; s;^:s^^j

j£

1

^^^

m

as

fs

^^

so

1

■:ii ill

1

;i

0

o

fS

r-

r-

V)

«fi

00 vo

■*

oc

r*)

'-^

o^

«i;S»!

<»■:

o

a

;0

;f::|d!o|o

•*

[

"^

M

f^

in

'ir

"

©

o

o

II

II III

':

?i

1

-

— - — j™.^ —

1 1

m

:\0

fs

f!^

r^

V)

r-

« Ko t-

«M

r»

©

©

sp

.t: w

o:- 0 = o

«ri

■o

^1© ^

fS

P-»

^>

O

«►

= S

jO

d

©

©

©

©

r4

r»

©

©

©

©

o

© m

^-

i i ■:]

ii

>

OlOi — f —

s

^

—

^

'I-

=9

^

§

ss

S

?o

s

w^

<»:H!i

o

© <£>

\^

0|0|0

o|o

©

°

©

©

©

©

^

©

©

©

©

©

iii

. .

•= « ^

^^ E

C^

^ <*

'^

o

o-i

<?.

>^

<?>

»i

^

<r^

5t>

lo

1*.

>/1

<&

^l

s :c?

■a

»i

£ ii E

' '

-, <N

'n

i^^

>

lo

«

•^

•^

•-^

J = --

1

"^

M E

- ^

si*

E «

E o

«s

00 ri

00 J; ui

^ T? ^

t-

T 1^ ?

C < IX

c

< IX

= < IX

a.

C/3

•SI

••5 &

>1 w

3

ti

s
bi)

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

00 y

01

(jUI/*OU) ^ISU3Q

C3

^ in

a.

ngth
erval
ich)

§

V3

^

5^

s

?:^

^

s

55;^

>

^

.
<i-)

;:;

5

^

s

:=k?5

^

^=■3

^

■^

^

«>

^

•55

^

<^

?i =i

?^

<;S

"^

*-,-,«>

-^

►«;

•^

*~'

<

•~;

'^

""

~^

(S

-hh

<N

1

lili

II

o

«M

^

s

^

:2^

§

s

^

^^^

r-

«K

r^

}f?

g

r^

Ul

f^

s

§s

s

[e

S

:°r

o

©

o'i©'

I

©

©

©

©* © ©•

©

©

o

©

"

©

©

©

©

©

©

© © ©

^

X

:;|| gg;

liiilli

[

.?

1

^si^ o-

o' o: ~

^

-

s =

^

V)

p

J^SJK

so

S

SO

2

S

S

»7)

s

^

^

^l§g

s

:;■;(

■ T"J1®

o

©

o ©

©

©

©

© © ©■

©

©

©

"^

©

©

©

°

o|o:o|©;o ©

c

1

f

Mi'

95

*;;

If;

?i

8iS

old

s

o

o

©■

s

©

©■

sil

©■

3

ID

©■

©

©■

2

©1©

= ^i 1 j 1

-= "« ^~

[

1

1 1 1

|o^ E
£ i E

<N

>

<5

»c 5

c;

5:s

JC

^

^

a© * <N
?H '^ *n

>

^

ac

^

^

^

d^

>

gs

■J ^^

1

;5:

I

£!

3

o =

(jUi/'ou) X^isuaa

M t.

t E

£ E

5 NO
5i «>

qtoq

o I d o

■* 00

d|d

d d

lil

^S

t

s

WD

Q in

C3 ON

^2

.2i .t: «

C/3

? If

E ^

00 £; IT)

crs ^ r^
II II II

= < tx

c ^

C -5

[=".1

so

00 S

n

i^

u

fo

c

o

J=

<s

6X)

c

fS

u

C/D

© o o o o
t/i -^ r^ r\ r^

s o o o ©

s -^ f^* ri -^ d '

(jiu/ou) Xjisuaa

o © ©
^ rW <N

ed.
es.
)les.

collec
esam;

S > •£

samp
anlitalJ
liantila

= ° £

eg ?r^ "--

^ = .^

erof
area
dens

■is 1

ifS i

11 II II

= <|x

4) T3

« .g

s

o

I I

1 ^

tif

2

§

»N

vo

^

i^

^

^

:^

^

^k

>,

:^

3

;^

^

?^

2

90

5

5

g

S5

;5*>9orJ*o*>9o

■21 =

"a

»

«&

«>

«.

«

«>

«

«s

sSj'i

ss

<=;

<i

?i

«j

<?;

55

«'

5i

■a-

^

<=;

*■

■£

i

ii

ii

ii:

11

ii

1

(

n M ' ^ ■ 1'-^^

_s

1

o

1

m

M

^Sfr

M

;»

'.»

1

S

i

P?

o

^^

S

:::

2

£

§

i

§

§

s

1

::ii:

ill

^i

11

ill

ii

m

= :=>
1

=

o

o

o

»

o

o

©

©

©

©

©

©

©

c

:■:.?:■

1

tm

iss «*;

:S;¥:

':x&

!:kw!

>::■:<

Ii

is® BB?

'€i 5 i ' 1 1 j • '

-ii

:■;

SSr

>«

o

§

.-J-

r^

^

_

sss

:iffi BBS

ijBS

B:Bi

5 ^

^.

o.

O; .<»■

•»

"^

<-"

r^

o

<N

a-

<»

H: :IS;

^

u

ii

iii

ii

"'

o

O

o

©

o

o

O

m i \ I \ \fp

c

HSS

?:;:;>: ¥::::::i

ss:^

P iii;

ii

si:

iii. 1 M M 3 r..

■ i^':^

-«

o!-"

>c

r~4

fes; bb;

■s**

BB;

iSB

—

«;

sjiC^iC; ic;r; — ; <^

^■i

<^

<^

o

®

^g^l ■■g^

O:

45 < .— ; — i — — i — — ; — ; _

JA)

II

■i'l. ..[::.,.:

!

~

"

o

o

o

o

©

m ii:

im

iii

ii 1 1 : \ i I \ '

-= « ^

J|5

fN

'n

>Y

(^

•yi

^

«

~>i<N

fn

>

■^

«

t\

90

Ov

«

^

"^^'i^/^ >^, *C f^ ; a; ' o- : c^: -- 'm: o- ■■.,; 1^

_

i

<N

«s} <N!<N -N »^ r, ?^N^|:?:u:;U r^p^iXl;

0^

Q to

OS

U

3

Ii

ll

c

C-u

_E"

E r^

■^ «s o

d d d

00 ^

d d

00 ^ "^ <s o

d d d d d

1^1

o Q. 9-

■^ c £

S - J1

o .> ■;:

ex. ^ B

£ ■= ■•=

^ = S

y ~ S-

5 ^ 1

S .T -i

& = .^'

crof
dens

■S 7= £

= ,o V

c H c

II II 11

= <l>^

0^

« .2
^5

(jiu/ou) Xjisuaa

Part II.

Density distributions for unionid species at Sylvan
Slough (RM 485.8) from 1983, 1985, 1987, and 1995.

Description Page

Figure C-10 : Amblema plicata - Threeridge C-13

Figure C-11 : Megalonaias nervosa - Washboard C-14

Figure C-12 : Ouadnda quadrula - Mapleleaf C-15

Figure C-13 : Quadrula pustidos a - Pimpleback C-16

Figure C-14 : Quadrula metanevra - Monkeyface C-17

Figure C-15 : Leptodeafragilis - Fragile papershell C-18

Figure C-16 : Ell ips aria lineolata - Butterfly C-19

Figure C-17 : Obliquaria reflexa - Threehom C-20

Figure C-18 : Truncilla truncata - Deertoe C-21

Figure C-19 : Truncilla donaciformis - Fawnsfoot C-22

Page C-12

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Pool 15 UMR

c^ o

I

m —

-:=; oo

-^ 00
00 ^

ill

5j

2;

.

Qi

Jo

90

«o

tv.

N©
^

^
^

J5

s

^
"!

;^

5
V

s

>•

1

i

m

i

S

o

^

d

s

d

is

;

d

d

d

d

s

«

d

^

*

d

si

i»

i

i

d

d

2
d

d

d

d d

d

d

d

1

d

d

d

d

si

d sg;

V

.^5

i

■«•

1

d

d

d

1

od

d

2

d

3

^

s

d

d d

1

5?

«

1

li

§

=

d

s

d

d d

d

i

1

;^

32

r4

^

d

d

II

^

m

m
Wi-
m

-

«

>o

^

^

?

^

^

'C^

^

§

g

!Q§

90

t

5

S

s

5

^

n

c^C/3

c

Q ON

li

^ On

m

.2 2

5

t3 O. *i 1^

a. =

I -

E So

00 OC ON

c < li

w^

2>.

. o

0 e

[

E

[

i/^

£1

D

E

tZ"

1

El

I

i 1
E

i [

1 D

■ ON

?

in c
»/l —

«

collected,
samples.
: samples.

>,

[

^

1

j

1

I v-m

^

L ^■■^■' -

r— t

\

i D

1 D

C

: C

Ill

r

L
E

E
P

L J

^

E

1

! [

^ °|

m

r

I

i 0

tn 5f

-s?

a

E

•^ s

511

i
E

E-

[

1

1

[

m

[
1 1

i 1

■^1

IT)

111

II II II

iTi

f^

. irj

r-

^

iT)

00

00

00

i

4

""1

ON

ON

o\

rrs

^*

<-*

l-^

On

,

,

■

.

T

- ITi

o u^ o *ri © I/) o IT* o IT) o »/) o «/^ o w^ o i/i o i/v o ir* o
fs ^ -^ o o* (s fs 1-^ -^ o o <s fs ^* — ' o o fs ri ^ — ' o o

(^ui/ou) X;isu3a

*l!

^^

4>i

o

o.

«<i

an

K

tv

«v

V^

vi^

S^

wi

V-1

w^

>!.

>

e:

"1

'n

<s

•N

<s

«

^

»

»>

"1

Ov

<^

•n

JSj-i

=;

<=!

=j

«i

Si

"^

~"

"^

*^

H

«^

"^

-n

-1

'»>

'^

fn

>

>

"*

>

^

>^

•o

"^

Wi

w

W)

?

i

i

w

s

§

§

s

§

§

3

O

g

i

s

s

i

o

•V

o

o

o

55

s

?>

^

o

©

2

i

§

©

S

p

«>

2

m

i

1

O

o

o

o

d

d

d

o

O

o

d

o

d

d

d

d

*

o

o

o

o

©

*

^::l

^

'M

1

iiii

H

o

ar

O

\r,

s>

»1

an

fn

d

i

1

i

i^

is;

;i

1

o

o

s

t^

S

d

^•

d

d

o

d

d

d

d

d

d

dp

■^

M

iijij;

■i";

'i'S

■jS

ii$)'

;;»

r)

2

§

§

«

(*)

§

§

s

2

^

ti

§

»

;ti

s

s

3

Jl^

3

3

S

J?

<9

Q'-

11;

11

11

o

d

d

d

d

o

o

o

d

o

o

©

o

o

«

*

e

-

*"

<*;f^

WW

i'

30

■s>-'

<p

9

9

'0'°

§

o

§

o

s

ir

s

>r,

g

g

§

S

§

§

S

i

?,

g^

^

;5

?

S

^

§

S

f

1?

9:

o

d

d

d

d

o

d

d

d

o

d

o

o

d

d

o

o

o

o

=

-

©

©

©

©

til

„

*

•o

^

jq

^

-n

>

>

^

>/^

1

^0

g

>^

t

S

1

§

«i

>^

^

;ci

^

'n

1

In

>

?

1

g

i 1

Q ffi

S i^.

'^' f«^' fW r4 r4 ^* -^ c d n n fs r^ -^' --h' d o n fO r4 H •^* --h' d © ri ro r^" rs ^ T

(jUi/'ou) /^isuaQ

Idd

oo

in

I
o^

^ c

oo

0^

bJ)

^

oo

ON

^ 00
>.ON

^^ ^. '

^^

f

fO

-^2

c

ON

13 'S-

''^

fS

c -^

«

-sO

^

o ^

1?

B

r-

ji

<s

o D
1^

f

OJ

•c «*.

00

t;; o

4J

n

Q ffi

U^_

""

~

~

■"

Ungt
Inferv
(inch

»

a^

«s

K

^v

tx

«-l

*f

>

>

<^

"^

»s

«^

"^

"^

«a

'i

«>

'^

d

"^

"^

"^

"

'•^

r^

«^t

<N

«s

<N

<*;

'n

fn

^n

'n

-r

>

>/-i

11

i

r-

Mi

:-s:k

g

tri

1^

v^

ae

9y

«^

ON

NO

<m

■ :■:■■:

B:*

CN

2

©

•-"

•-I

-"

ft

<-"

=. ■"¥>

©

©

©

es>-

^

.1:1^

III

-

o

o

©

o

o

o

o

o

*

©

©

o

©

~ ::

! ■

1

C-

is:

si;

iii

E >"-

g

§

■5

S

*■

O

■O:

o

m

W^

«*

o:

Wi:

:<Si>^

g

m

O

o

o

o

o

o

©

©

*

O

o

©

11

i-

ir,

m

IS

II

»

o

o

o

o

SS

<^

vs

ON

■t

ll

:•

1

gg

o

o

«

»

»-

«

©

©

©

©

©

o

:0^

©

©

©

©

©

;

Q

■ Sv.

:■::■:.:■

■.:.:■:::

;:

:»m

(^

m

11^^

iiii^

i

Ill

i

i

— ;

«&

»

o

«•

"^

fir ©

©

© j © j.flft

•as.

Oi

-

o

o

o

o

©

©

o

o

[ 1

M

-= « ^

i j

1 ,

UC E

*i>^ ha

"^i*.

"^

I5N

•/N

s^

>o

«<

in

Cl

•n

«

sWsll

s

^

"^

n

j|i

•>,!>^ «N

^

!

1 t

(jUi/ou) AjsuaQ

O O O C O C O O O O O O O © O O O O O C O o o o o o o c
\6 >/ Tt f«^' r^' — © vo it! ^ f^* r^ -^ o >d IT) '*' (^ «s --' o >o i/i -^T f<^ fs ^ c

(jUI/'OU) XJ1SU3Q

I

m '—

^ c

■wx CO

-^ 2

— oo

c ^
> ^^

— 00

>>aN

i « ,-^

^ fc -5

Os

K

l\

«x

t-^

J|l

'n

«a

<»

«

<!>

5S

•*"

"^

""

~~

•^

•N

H

<N

«S

<N ^-5

",

•n

fH

-;

s

S

>•

>•

>r,

W$

j . i 1

'T fS

^

;:;■ o

o

©

©

t

c~

90

f.

*

o

"^

*

*

©

o

©

©

*

o

© ©

%

«:;«>^

o^

:^i

>r;

i

.

s

3

^

«

^

IC

??

^\^

1! '! ;i

©,© ©t» 0 © © 0

^!-

© o

©

*

©

o

©|i-i

*^

©■ ©

1 . P > ! ' ;

.-V,

^■l"'

^

§g

.r,

^

4,.

■ Mi

= ^

-So

o

®.!®

'^U»

a

■■]

o

o o

©1© ©|o

®

o

r4

'■'

4

-)

M M 1 M 1 i

U-, W^

IT;

©

sgjsjJJjJJ,

2?

c ; « I =; ; s^ ;^- i c : cr : C3 1 o :o

-

■ i ! 1 1 i M i r

= j©

'

©

®{®.= t 1 s ; 1

^ 13

::,:,;;.;[

^i«.iirii?s •^['aj'^iiaiv-, is,

>/-; ^

</-,

<Si

;Q-blgS|||SS5§

II

■5 ^'

-S§^

•^

r-

6)S

n

t^ 0

0 —

IT,

^ uT

^^^

r)

IT,

0^

IS

__

«

so

0 s

^

0

"1

^?

£

r-

-2 ;*=?

J=

.1:^

St

f:

D «

i'

1—1

Q Di

E o E ^

E o

00 ON

S "* ^.

^ ? ^
II 11 ,11

•

:

!

[

c

■ c

M Mil-

f

i

i

a

i 1 ■ , ■

(■■•.--■^■^^^^^^^

i :«]

c

t

• ■ ■!

c

M 1 P

i i : .[
M ME-

[

[

MM

c-

_.

E-

■

r*

5

IT)

i M i E

r-

0^

«

2

00

00

_L

0

^

o\

c^

CN

■"

"■

^

— '

-i — i — i — i

hH

0* -a

6X)c
Cm

C/^

collect
sampl
c samp

sample
mtitativ
lantitati

^ 1 5-

5 c =

c ° I

i fT 'i:

^l.^

rof
rca
ens

numb
Total
mean

II II II

= <U

O IT-

O IT/ O IT; O W"/ O «/^ O ITi O W^ O U^ O «/) ©

(jUI/-OU) ^ISUOQ

>/^^ o >r, o 1/^^ c

(S r4 — * -h' o c

oo

!S1

I

I
^ c

^l-o

Sic: s

11;:

iiii

, »S I (N, ! IV, Pr>

bo 00
Q in

II II

E

c <

= <

= <

Q tti

fa

"Sd f

d
OS
©

o

r

E

E"

izz:

E

{ -

o «rj

o u^ o irj © »/^ o w^ o >/^ o >/) o »r) o »ri o

«s i-H '-J d o' <s fs ^* ^ d © <s ri --H »-I d d

w^ o »/^ o

(S (S "! ^

d d

(^UI/OU) XJISU3Q

I

°°- r^ ^ §

00 *::: >«^ ,^

1 "sis

§ -j: ^ 2

o .. .. , ,

^ 5« O t,

f .2i .ti J«

1 S^;2

(U lU __

r; <^

ti

1) _

n. _

4* -h"

u-..

""

"

^

Lengt
Interv
(inch

5>

o>

9,

an

ac

«^

tv

r-^

v^

^

><1

w^

■o

>/^

>

>

>

f^

'^

»^

"^

M-i

t^

o»

»-,

"0

"n

-~l

^

5S

«!

«

«

«>

■^

"^

"^

•^

<^<

<N

<s

(N

'n

'n

rn

fn

"i

>

s

-

s

«v

ill

^

^

1^

f

1^

o

o

OS«kI

-

E

o

d

O

o

©

»

o

o

o

o

o

o

d

O

o

°

d

©

©

©

o

©

i

it

,.

ss

i

I/O

g

»

II

i

—

*

9

■<»

ro

fS

r*!

;«>:

<*■

1

=

11

o

o

o

o

'"

o

o

o

^

e

"

'"'

©

©

©

o

*

>-,

wo

i

§

s

^

^

^

1

c

»

■<»

:o

o-

»-

1

:0

s

-

d o

o

o

o

o

'"

'^

o

"

©

©

il

i;s

r^

in

r;

•n

r>

«

I/O

o

Vi

o

IT,

o

1/0

■n

^

o

<r,

©

©

©

©

WO

wo

SW:

2

ft>

o

o

r-

t^

l/i

l/j

;0

o|o

d

o

*

o

o|o

o

o

o

d

o

•^

©

©|o

©

©

©

©

©

■c "3 ^

1

£ 2 E

<^

^

•o

^

«-)

^

V-1

"0

%

^

^

§

•^

«

g

IQ

§

S^g

S

1

5S

«

::;

^

J = —

_

1 1

_

T T if

E ?5

c <

E ^

00 00 vo

c •< IX

^ I So

0

.

c

1

i

f

t

c

:t

t

^ I ,

1 1

, , , ,

[

1

■ 1, , , , ]

, , ,

1

1 j

f

i, , ,

1 ■■

0

0

0

^

;[

!, , , , 1

^ 1, V , ,

i , , , 1

: it

n

c
^

t

, , , . ,

r' '"'1

:L ..' ..'.,.

L„. ...'.

2

L'...'J

L

i 1

1 i

[

1

li

J

J
1

m
[

qoqso-^fSoooo^-i-fsoooo'O'^no oocso-^jsc

— * d d d d d -h' d d d d © -^* d d d d © -h* d d d d c

(jUI/*OU) X)ISU3Q

I
c^

^ a

00

E

o

O 00
t(_ ON

o ^

OOO

ON

;^

0^

r-

cu

00

oo

c

as

.^

>

rn

S

00

0^

00

1/3

a>

^

O

'W

03

o

C/3

^4>

j: ^ ^

an

■«

Ov

ix

<o

5

e<

>

"N

«^

an

Vi

>

♦^

5^

t%

li-l IV^

0\

f-v

">!

«

00

^

»0

«

^|-i-

«:

<sJ

^

■s;

«

"

<!5

<aS

«.

«;

«;

^

"^

^^

"^

■^

"r

""■

"^

"^

f^

<N

<s

«N

»s

^

it

1

^

fn

.1

fe

s

=

o

o

o

o

«0

m

0

«-«

m

-

2

i

i

o

o

*

o

9

=■

o

0,0

o

o

*

o

o

o

©

*

*

0

0

0

*^

14»|

j^

II

II

ii

m
m

i

i

§

o

r^

>r)

fn

o

w

•o

2b

V7

0

ft m

«

u

1

■5

*

'9'

m

m-.

m

i

-"

—

o

o

m

r4

o

t-

r-

'9)

1

5

;i

1

m

M

o

O

o

®

o

o

o

e>

o

d

o

o

o

oo|o

0

0

0

0 e

0

i^v

i«

II

i|

i

M

1

1

fo

o

o

§

o

o

1*)

-

^

95

r^

.^^^

1

*

■tu-

m

*

«

m

w

«

•>«

o

—

«=

r^

t^

vo-f^

w^

5^^

f^

1^

^

Q

li

o

o

o

ss

o

o

o

*

o^o

o

-

o

o

o|o

0

0

0

•^

rn:

M:

;!:

m

1:

i? P

sis

m

ii

i

1

%?.-

,,

--,

V)

o o

o

s

V)lw^

f

:9--

w

i5t;

m

m

■9-

w

49'

9-

<9

■e^i

<»

<s

o o

<=

<«

r<

■^i =.

0

0

r4

«>

«

«■

-

m

o

oo

*

o=.|o

0

0

M ^ E

*

^

«.

^ J w

00 50 W
II " 1
C < IX

^ ^ ^
'-' 'J? fO

"U 1)

Ii

-o a.
4* •«;

-° M
Is

I-

£ ci.

'53 ^

c o

0)

__ "*

fS

c

CZ"

tz

tz-

o 3i

L' rA 9J

c

«sooovoTfrj©ooo^_'^fs©ooe^^Tf(s©oocvoTffsc
— ^ o O O O ©* 1-3 O O O O O -H* o o o o o -I o' o' o o c

T5

"i

y

^

0

c^

5

(U

^

|-

■1

>

rr

1

.2

a-

£:■

^

«

^

^

•S

■9

■^

re

i

f2

^

II

II

II

e

<

Ix

(jUI/'OU) X)ISUdQ

I

XT) ^H

in

00
ON

ro

I I

111

•5i

5S

5

3
<!5

5i

5

S

*

ao

^

-i

>

2

2

K

2

•s

g

5
•^

^
H

<N
<N

3

o

1

<*■;

ill

is

d

d

d d

?5

d

^i

2

^

J5

d

d

i

d

d

d

d

d

2
d

d

S

d

KI5'
8«

i

i

■IS

i

II

is

=

d|d

d

d

"

s

;§
N

o

2

s

s

s

«2

d

d

illl

^

1

Q

la;^; «^: .$«;; fi^

^p

d

8

d

?2

d

^

®

d

-^

S

K

°

sfe

i

d

d

ii;

S

w

,^"

4^

n

2

=; »

^ ^ <jj, ^

<P «

1

d

d

d

d

5

1

3

1

?,

djdjd

d

II

' -' ;

a> « 9

4,

9

9

^

-c "a ^

III

IN

> « :«e

« <s >

^

JC

SS

;^

:^

?s

^

:;

:3!

^

^

^'h

i"

?

s?5;

«

S

%

C3

s ■

!

-

-^■c2

^

^•a

c

w a.

o

g-i

c

ss

^

c h

"Z^

t^

E

1 1

" II

E

00

c <

00 r= '-1

E

"

si;

II

II n

1 X

C < 1

. ^

;C'

cz

o yi\

O »/^ O W^ © W^ O i/J O IT) © i/J O lA^ o «/i © «rv o irv o itj c:

(jiu/'ou) Xjisuaa

I

ON

IT)

5^

Is

C/O ON
C "^

-^ 00

>^ON
C/0 -^

g 5« O t.

.=0 ON *^''

Is

^ 00

s: ^

i>H 00
U-, OS

<u pi

(J 0\

Is

• E OS

i! E

;iiii

■LQ

fM— ]— CM — OS©

e s o 9|e> d 0,0 [d og

aolf^li'CE*

I I . I

1 1 w-, \o 1 1-1 «s r- r»)
> = ©lo © ,0'©

x-% i -

E is

< IX

.cz

E
E

o vq

(S ^

<s _

2^ e:

<s 00 -^^ o 'o <s 00 rr o vo (s 00 Tt o vo <s 00 Tt c

-^ o o o, ^ « o o d. ^' ^ d d d -h" ^* d d c

(jUI/OU) X4ISU3(J

h ^ ^

collect
:sanipl
esamp

III

ves:
quan
qua

i' p

1 °l

^x,^

erof
area
dens

^3 1

II II II

c<lx

Part III.

Density distributions for unionid species at Case-IH
(RM 488.5) from 1985, 1987, and 1994.

Description Page

Figure C-20 : Amblema plicata - Three ridge C-24

Figure C-21 : Megalonaias nervosa - Washboard C-25

Figure C-22 : Quadrula qnadrula - Mapleleaf C-26

Figure C-23 : Quadrula pustulos a -Vim^XobdiQk C-21

Figure C-24 : Leptodea fragilis - Fragile papershell C-28

Figure C-25 : EUipsaria lineolata - Butterfly C-29

Figure C-26 : Obliquaria reflexa - Three horn C-30

Figure C-27 : Truncilla truncata -DQQriOQ C-31

Figure C-28 : Truncilla donaciformis - Fawnsfoot C-32

Page C-23

Whitney et al , Unionid Sunev - Pool 15 UMR

3
WD

= 5 £

ii E

m

in

ON
ON

1? 1?1

. s

E o

«S OC TT

r- 1" '^

c < IX

k2
6S:

~ r- ..

00 00
S2

^^

Q.

1^'

C/)

c

" !i>

•o >

s2

C3

r2

00 ^^

o q

fi

a

Tt

'

<s

b

U

i

V

W -H

«

o

ClH

d

«/^ s

!2

C

1/)

L

u^

x:

[

IT)

OX)

c

t

■*

<u

q q o c
■o TT rJ c

(^lu/ou) XjisuaQ

Ill

5S

5i

5

3

'n

^

V

^

V

S5

I^;* 3:3'^:^

ii

-m. ["■]"] 1 1

«>

#'

#;

d

i

d

i

d

«
^

d

d

s

^

2

d

d

90

*

d

d

©

tsit;|«ta|o aP;

d

©■

d

2

d

i

d

i

©

d

©

d

d

d

i

©

©

i

d

i

d

©

©

d

5 2^1:

'»

©

ts;«[s:-; = ;«>:^

d

i

s

«

2

5

i

1

i

©

d

i

i

©

d

©

©

d

^

5

*

©

-.

m

ip

m

^

•^

»

icikiQ

^

^

^

^

^

t

•^

^

g

IQ

s

5

1

s

*

<^

§

s

s

v^

5

1

L

Sib

ON
ON

:c2

(u >^

Iu2

C/5

^

\ ,

a>

^

c«

M-

u

r/^

;2i

^y

4>

Q.

%■"-

C/)

<-;

C >

^S

^•5,

W Q.

^ -55

C «

.9 S

Q o

f ^ V

E ^

< IX

W) ON

C'S

CZI

yri E

o o o o o o o o*

'^ (S c

d d d

(jUi/'ou) Xjisuaa

«r< fcX ^

V OO

^ 2t

O)-

s^s

0^

E Sc

t V

< IX

00 op >/^

E

c <

£2

V5 OO

OicjiS

•5 r- .—

V 00

^^1

Q -5

[:■^-^

I-

o vq M
ri -^ — '

<S 00 -^ o ^ <s

^ o d d '-I -^'

00 '^ c

d d d

(jiu/ou) /^isuaa

Length

Interval

(inch)

^

^

<;5

^

"^s

<5;

q

<*>

t~.
w^

-^

1^

5

'H

•^
^

^

1

2

^
O

o

o

^.

r-

S
"'

^

OS

^

©

o'

©■

III

5
1

00

o

9.

1

©

u^
M

in

©

©■

©

i

^

O
;:<<;

1
1

1/2

ec

ON

o

W:

i

>r.

s

o

it;

2;

00

r4

^

°
ri

2

s.

©

4=

«> o'o

1

'■^

;,«> o

Length

Interval

(mm)

>/^

^

-1

s

^

^

^

_

^

^

!Q

n

S3^S^

5

— 1

1

^

OS
ON

o oo

>— 1

?^

c

3S

cd

^0^.

r-

Q ^^-^

00

"s :i:

OS

^ 1— 1

rf

Quad
Case-

m

00
OS

• • • •

, ,

r-

Vi ^

On

a> ^

c:

^^

urT

g ^

^

00
On

C/5

;_'

«

^

i-

ii

o

p,

c

n,

•-■

-^

s:

Vf

c

^

ii

4J

TT.

.r.

^

C/2

^ I ^'

II 11 II

c -< IX

II ^ T

E ©
r< «2 '-'

c •< IX

EC

ti

B.=

[ro

r"

o o

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c
vo <s 00 t' d d so <s 00 '^' d d vc <s x -q-' d

H " -5.

y ^i

s ^ r;

9- S ■§

§ 1 1

1 = -

.■= "— c

- O o

s- s .$■

erof
area
dens

nunib
Total
mean

II II II

c<|x

6JD|

(jUi/ou) /^isuaa

tl
£

£ « ^

~

"""

~~

^

^~

"~"

^^

"^

^

"""

^~

^

■""

M & -s

5^

«>\

»,

Os

at)

ao

«p

K

r~v

K

rv

"o

-o

sci

v^

V-i

v^

>

>

>

IV)

fn

^n

<^

c b s

X-l

<>>

•ri

«s

<>»

"^

•n

^ =^

<=;

<fc-

^

^

?s

<i

~^

— i

»«;

*"

N

f^

'N

N

fN

f^

^n

<r;

'<•>

'n

>

>»^

>

>

:**':'

im

"

^^^

■¥■

.J^

^

m

mi

\B

M

oe

r-i

vo

^

«s

^

^

^

g

§

VO

^^l^l^i

p

)i'

<S>:

o

■<&

<=>.

fN

«^

f^

*^i

so

■»*

o

«^

SO

i-*

^"

o

e

jQj»

«

1

s

II

O

O

o

O

o

o

^i

«s

f4

<^

«si

o

d

©

®

©

o

s

*i

ri.

4

^1#

■■■■^i

i

Wi

Q

3

§

^

5!

{C

§

sg

o

(Ti

§

§

f<^

V)

S

rt

2

i

5

o

;:?■*

A

o

*

o

O

d

«N

n

f^

-*

^0

r^

(^

fS

^

o

©

i«

ii

»

lt«l

-"iii^- i>i

1/^

:ii:

ii

r-

o

^

1/)

^

fS

SO

o

r-

VO

:g

t^

l^f^^

>i^

> fei ^j|

s^

Oi

O

;Oi:

O:

m

q

V\

1— '

"*

M

o

-*

<»

-o

^

«

o

Ol

^i

ii

ii

o

o

*

""

o

"^

©

o

o

o

©

©

c

^-s

'J

Sfl

igth
^rval
m)

<a

«o

<s

x^

la^

«o

^

Vl

<*

«^

<^

«^

ja

!^

<a>

«^

«)

>o

%

s

^

«c

?

5 -5 c

'

«N

"n

•^

">

'^

«ri

■"O

VO

so

ao

as

o\

^ '

^ '

1-5-

•SI

I-

en -*;

C O

~c s ~

.2i .t: c«

C/5

T t V

so *^ rj)

«s w ^.
r- 1?! <s

c < l><

x:

C/2

[z: [

di

O O O O O O O O O O O o o o o c
•T) -^ f^ <s -^ ©■ ■^' fO <s -h' d ■^' ro <s 1-' c

a> :

WD-

0N '

(jUi/ou) yCjiSuaa

Length
Interval
(fnch)

^

^

^
^

s

^

0©

^
^

5^

5

M

^

^

c

1

Hi

o

?5

d

d

d

o

o

d

d

d

i

i

d

o

O

d

i

d

d

d

d

i

ON

iiiii

d

W3

r-

d

§.

©

fo

d

d

Q

s

•^

^

i^

1

2

^.

3.

2
n

1

^^^1

IS

■11

11

IT*

00
0\

1

M

d

o

d

f-

d

d

d

d

2

i.

2

2

3

2

^.

!

00

d

o

1

Length

Interval

(mm)

**■>

^

«^

^

^

ic;

^

>

^

^

^

^

%

S2

^

^

"N

s§

>+-

Q "^

(^

^

^ ^

1

T3

■^ Csi

r^

■^

Q w

00

o
Si

Is

•=^ on

a^

■c;

•2

m

d On

00

^ -a

.. ..

..

o it

^ «

u

£2

e

If ^ T

E 00

r- T '-H

-5

— 00

bx

o o o o o o q q o q q q q
00 ^' ■*' (S d so -^ ri d vo "^ r5 c:

(jUi/ou) Xjisuaa

Z 3 E

■I

O ?&-^|^ (S? ^-sfcio «•■ Sn;»^|«i|Sa; --

!

vo!<— Cv "H rn
S ■'- r^ tn t-~

•N > ^ SC

'ill':

•2 ^

ON

E is

1^-

^ 00

u2

V5 a> i_

bos?

S^S

'ID

s

r- ._i •—

C/5

ti

C"

dz'

o <i <s

[ ^ =

[■^

c^

"^ O vo <N

© d — ' -H*

<S 00 -^ c

^ d d d

Giu/-ou) X^isuaa

J= « ^

"~

^

—

~

~

~~

~

"^

^5^1

3n

V^

!>

t^

"^

'n

9<

r\

N»

SS

an

Vfl

>r

»N

^

•^

'^

«o

'^

*«

^

-N

fn

^n

>

S

ac

«a

<N

>

<^

«

^ =^

^

«>

■a'

«;i

<=;

<=>•

'^

"

<i

-^

^

<^

*~^

"^

"^

""

"^

•^

•^

"^

"^

r4

«N

<vi

<N

N

i

S

S

8

f-

00

g

S

a\

r^

m

«M

ON

^

;?.

?J

£

R

S

^

M

2

s

5

S

^

s

^

*

O

©

-

«j-h

e

e

o

o{o

o

O

°

©

^

«N

<-«

©

©

©

©

®

O

©

®

2

!

■^

:*"'

"

I

t.

^

■n

^

(St A

■Ci'

o'

'.Jj': r-i ; ri

IS

3

U~i

g

sis

i

}Q

^

li?

i

3

^

^

2

?,

ro

«^

W

m

«■

a

-

I 1

iirr

fn

^

-r

if)

OS

«

o\

ON

to

(*)

- ©1©

V

..r^^

If)

mm

ill:

Wl

^

1

1

•ir

c

« s>

•ss

o

■<» <is> is*

«&

n

o

n

o

'^l

q

Vj

f^

s^

o

ol

O

«

t»

e.

.:...:..|..:.:...:.: ,.:.-.■

o

»

o

"

fS

f^

(S

rn

"

"

*

O ; -■

''

-= ■« ^

1 1: E

ao

^

sc ao ?i «N >l<0 acl<^

Z a E

"^ i'* 1 ^ t** 1"^

»^j^:^ ^ r^

<N

•N

<N

'n

'n

'',

^n

'n

>

>

>

J = -

Ml

1 1

_

_

'?/* XO'';''^ \0

|i

CO '^

2 00 ^
^ Cr^ t^

Is-

K U ^

(r> o

^

a> ^

w

^^

^ ^

^

Q.

C/2

"«
^

o o o © © © o o © © © © o o o o o © c

(S O' 00 so -^ fS ©' ©' 00 so -^ (S ©' ©* 00* vo Tt (N c

Ml
« o

(jUi/'ou) XjisuaQ

u

s

o

ch

03

?

? ^

OS

c

.=2

ss

a

T3 0:

r-

:2k

00

ON

||

|J i

•rf

00

ON

1 §

,,

t^H r-'

v) a>

JC On

a> -^

Kh^

w c/:)

^

S "^

a>

Ji 00

=^2

C/5

•S^'

^2

f^-a

X) -55

c .2

JS

'C i-

^ Cu

;^D

Q "o

00

<s

U

£

WD

E£<

E ^

^ o

d

d--:;:

^-

^

f^

-A

^

0^

jy

•^

fS

^

^

E

P^E

0

S^

^

u. E

«

^

>

1

1

Ft

i

a-

2 -E

1
§

a-
0

B

1
0

M

■p

ri

c

g

f2

^

^ -c

II

II

II

0\

S

<

X

[■;:

[■«--

■^ fs o oc 'O -^ fs o (S o 00 ^, -* rj o fs o oc ^ rr fs c

'^ '^ '^ d d d c d -^ -h" d d d d d '-J »-* d d d d c

(jUi/-ou) X^isuaa

Appendix D

Density distributions based on shell height

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River

Appendix D

Density distributions based on shell height

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi Rrver

Description

Page

Parti. Density distributions for commercial mussel species from
Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8), Case-IH (RM 488.6), and
Illiniwek (RM 492.4), 1994-95.

Figure D-1
Figure D-2
Figure D-3
Figure D-4

Amblema pUcata - Threeridge
Megalonaias nen'osa - Washboard
Quadnda quadnda - Mapleleaf
Ouadnda piistidosa - Pimpleback

D-2

D-3
D-4
D-5
D-6

Part II. Density distributions for commercial mussel species at Sylvan
Slough (RM 485.8) from 1983, 1985, 1987, and 1994-95.

Figure D-5
Figure D-6
Figure D-7
Figure D-8
Figure D-9

Amblema pUcata - Threeridge
Megalonaias nen'osa - Washboard
Quadnda quadnda - Mapleleaf
Ouadnda pustulosa - Pimpleback
Ouadnila metanevra - Monkeyface

D-7

D-8

D-9

D-10

D-11

D-12

Part III. Density distributions for commercial mussel species at
Case-IH (RM 488.5) from 1985, 1987, and 1994.

Figure D-10
Figure D-11
Figure D-12
Figure D-1 3

Amblema plicata - Threeridge
Megalonaias nen'osa - Washboard
Ouadnda quadnda - Mapleleaf
Ouadnda pustulosa - Pimpleback

D-13

D-14
D-15
D-16
D-17

Page D-1

Whitney et al , Unionid Sun-ev - Reach 1 5 UMR

Density (no./m^)

poo
b ^ k)

p pppppppp p p p o o
ui lu Ia» *o U s> ui ii. In b '«- k) l»j ■*»

p p
In as

c

° 65

.3

^:^.]

i^i]

.Hi

3\

C/3
3"
2.

3-

n
cfq"

5'

7

so

'"" 5'

C/5

OS

13

<t

o

(/)

o

lO

plf.

rt

ffi

5/5

I,

> =
II II

1^ oc

II II II
K> i -J

'as ce *^

^

&:

r OJ "I

at

1

i1

i
S5;

§

i;

^

i;

%

b;

^

bi

^

t^

i^

HI

bo

MM

ssio o

g

m

T
i

p

k

o

s

p

p

P

i

b ••!»|»

V3

3

?

ON

^ j i ; : i M •:

i

p
g

p

P

1

i

s

s
^

p

o

i

P

n

2

In : \ m iU

1 1 i i 1 llililM

S

1

'1^

«

11

o

b

p

p

©

o

o

i

o

k

n

1

.-MM

1 ■ 1 11

i 1

II

11^

1 !

•i 1 ^

Si*

[ 1

L_

—

■a

51

ill

c

O 85

Density (no./m^)

p •-> K) w *. tyi p H- s> oj jti. y» p ^ s» w *.

oooooooooooo ooooo

b b

r-.i

.13 i

13

^D

1^

^.^

II H II

— K> ^

0^ S oe

3" ""

o 3
3 "

in

■^ ffi C/3

c1

to

-pi' o g

^ rt ^

3
1

1 IJ^i^ i 1 1 1 M

^

i

%

b;

t-^

"^

S

V,

^'~^_^

M M i j i 1

g

So

Ja

E

O
.-J

i

ip
1

'i

"c
o

i M M

\ ■■''■■■'■ \

O

p.

1

E

^

r

I

o
-J

r

l)

1

P

P

n

1

2

3

1

?■
^

111

t i 1

i i ■

b bib

p
s

s
'^

g

H
^

^

^

s

g

5

s

p
3

5

p

5'
1

s

i:

[

1 1

£

k

N
^

^

^
^

u

oo

«e

5a

5

111

ii-a
oi-a
6-a
8-a

>fOBq9|duii J - vsopiisrid vpupvnQ

jBspidBj/^ - vpiApvnb vpupvnQ

pjBoqqsByW - vsoA^idu svivnopSdj^

9§pu99jqX " ^woijd viudiqwy

6-a 3Jn§!j[
8-a 3Jn§!j[
i-a 9jn§ij[
9-a ajn§!j
S-a 9Jn§!j

9BBJ

uoj;duDS9a

•S6-^66l pu« 'L861 'S861 'e86l uiOJJ (S'SSI^IMH) M§no|s
uBA|Xs ;b saiDads pssniu iBpjaiuuioo joj suopnqu^sjp X^isuaa

11 ^^^d

Density (no./m^)

p O I— 7- K> K>

b In b In b In

b In b In b In b In b In b l/> b In b In b

1
.1

J
1
3
3

m.

.Z3

n

a

«>> 00 =e

\o 00 oe

^1 >

1 II

3 -.

a
1

J.JjJ 1 M

S

.

§

^

^

^

^

bi

I f

D;i5!'^

Height

Interval

(mm)

0

s

'-J

P

0

0

=
H.

5=r

; i

£

be

d...:.:.:..l,..:...i:.-.:.:i.-.-.:i ..:.:.:■

=

pip

1

-

0
15

s

'lth°

if

ill

on

3
1

In

0

1

P:

itis

®

p

W

C^

s

S

c = =

'ff^ k> tJ
W '^ 'J\

'— '-ss

'

s2
5

M ]

MM

d 0^0 let

0

p

^5

P

0

5

Se

00

P

b

0 0
Si

0

i

II-

3

s

£

bit;;

!

N
S

N

^

^

^

ae

00

i

1

5S

iff

-4 OR

-J 5

Ln ;<

2?

ere'

c

a

O 3

ir

SI < ?•

00 ^

^ 5
00 S

^

^. ■>• n>

-a

~ rD c/5

— c/o ;k
^ 9 ^

I

Density (no./m^)

p N- K» U( ii. P T'

© b b b b b b

K) J*) jU

b b b

o ^
b b

oj i». p -- {n> _u» .u <j\

a o o a o 'a b b

^.!

] .!

p

C Q-

M tL ^

06 ^^

;s i ^^ 1 5 j vl

^

;«

§

pc

1

i

ss;§

Si!

5i

ii

^

11 M

2 3^

~^ a; X

o

IIP

p

■o

Uj

p\p

o

*

,p
-J

p

1

o

Mi

s

b

1

p

P PiP

1 1

p

p

c

i

o

t ; : i

^

^

■iiiSpio

o o

1

p

i

P P

p

o

s

-1-

1 t..;.

=^

l|

^iri"!"

'=

1

=U!.=

538

1

o

*

3

o

*

5

o

o o p 11
up;o u. ¥:■■■■■

p

^

i [ 1

[ !

55|§

£

^

■;;;
*

I 1 ■

i 1 f

III

=

< r^ ^

f^ C/5 O

»5 ;;.• ?S'

-t rt IS

•• .. ..

^ C/D >

4ega
ylva
983,

D '~~-

^ ^ ^

^ C/i S

00 ;:r !^

y g s-

_-cr3 ^

^ ^ ;5

oo ^^ J5

^ p^ ^

p S§

3 j^ !^

^ 00

I

poo
b k> lu

Density (no./m^)

o o poooopppppppppp^
b\ be b KJ !u ON bo b k» *. as be b s) lu on bo o

CM ■

^

il

']

1

N> .

B

1 J— 1

^

m

i

P

\

1

i

^^

"1

D

i
1

:!

_J

^. ^

1

= <^«

]

1

-^ \

1

1

1 ON,

3
^

:::::::|

::i::;::::::.::|

1

?D5

mm,^\

3

^^ 00 ,

in

!

^ .

!

CA

—

o -

^

1 1

^^

M^

^

^o

^

VO

Oiii.

?^

22

fc- ■

'/»

' —

' — '

:

po O

O S.

C o

■a 3

> =:!

^ 5

^ rt c«

S^

(-•to

a

1

SiSsial

^

^

i;

%

Height

Interval

(mm)

hJ

p

P

i

P

Ojoloi

3

2

o

^|^:^ri^^^|^';^[^i^,S§

is

P

p
i

P

o

p[p
iS

p

MiSr

1

1

I-
o

p

gs

£

p

1

i

p

P:

:|S;:||

i

P

1

be

i

1 1 M M -^

1

oe

p
2

p

o

s

p

p

p

to

p

5

Tk ^|5

■o fit

1 1

is

k;

N
^

^
^

\i

^
^

£

Oe

^<.l^
g^^

lit

VO <-<

^tO 3

Density (no./m^)

3 — cr

p — to OJ i» (y» ON p ►- K> OJ jU Ui 0^ p — N) OJ *-. (yi On p —> K> W *.. V» 0\

b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b

2. 'J^

n

D

.a

T OS.'

3

XI > =

II ll II

K> oe o«

>o

00

C/l

>

3

oe

ce

Cfq

^

c

•n

o

«

a

o

oc

o

. en

M5

73 a

O

o s

. VO

^

o

'"

~.

-J

CTQ

C

o

K>

S"
ft

5

2

a.
o

3

ON

&:

(£

^— s

s

?

^

OJ N^ ft TO

ft' ^ n
^ n lyi

3

gtSslllis*^^^^

0\

§

1^

^

6;

^

till

1

ill

i

.1*;

M-

o

is

i

1

o e

)0

be

o

1

o

p
D5

i

*i

H

^

H

riP rir-ip'p':.

ll

o

sS =j:ts;^-; cjist; i^l^;

■1

p
«

}ji

ij

^

-J

5^

CN

s

fejS

-

1

« it

Si

M M M M I; rlU

5

N»

-J

b,

5

i

i

-l^l^l= :

1

*»
;::!

[ i I

►j ►j K>

I

in

> ^•i<a■?>|?6ii&j?^

1 M 1 M

m

S C/D ^

I

Part I.

Density distributions for commercial mussel species from

Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8), Case-IH (RM 488.6), and

Illiniwek (RM 492.4), 1994-95.

Description

Page

Figure D-1
Figure D-2
Figure D-3
Figure D-4

Amblema plicata - Threeridge
Megalonaias nervosa - Washboard
Quadrula qiiadrula - Mapleleaf
Quadrula pustulosa - Pimpleback

D-3
D-4
D-5
D-6

Page D-2

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 1 5 UMR

til

5S

5S

S
«»

0©

3

r-^

t^

©>

^
N

3

s

•^

^

^

-n

;>

I.I

E ~

d

2;
d

d

"7

d

c

£

n

5

^

:2

d

1^

-

\

d

d

d

R

o

i

§

i^

J

r^

*

S

^ 1 1 ■ '
= St J:: C: CrtO'OlO

o

5^
= =>■

1

i

1

d

d

30

d

2

d

3

d

d

d

d

<N

oULL^^LLl

Us

•^

■a

<^

^

•c

•o

"^

%

'^

■'i

§

S

JQ

g

T^

s s

Q ^

cS2

.2i ."t: c«

^ ^ ?=5

^ 7 "^

S o

«S «2 TT

= < l»

S P5

< IX

O C/3 J"

ro

«> >-

a.

(^

in

j=

fO

w

<n

c

Ov

N»^

c:

^

^

qS

o£ E:

[,„i

^^

>n

r

•d ./i ^ ^

y i" £ ^

S o ?i ^

ativ
itati
Ihc

§ 1 1 ^

■^ ^ E 1

■g o 5 1

•3 i 2 ^

1^ 1 E

c i3 ^ -2

II 11 II II

c <|x--

Q i

3

O I/)

o IT) o i/^ o "/^ o IT) o iTi © «r> o «r, o >r, o
<s -■ -^ o o (s fs -^ f-h' o Q ri fs -h* ^ o d

(jUI/-OU) X4ISU3Q

-« o o r-

1 —

— |—

1 —

—

— j

—

~"

"■"

~

:;

m

^

^

>

>

>

"-1

v^

P

r*

<N

fr, iy^

OS -i.

■^

«^

Os

f^

"n

''V

:£j-^

=;

^ ^

«i

55 -"^

■^

<N

<N

fN

<s

<N

-n

fn

i*^

fn

'n

>

Y

mwi

1

_

V>

„

^

„

©

_

^

ON

»

<s

^

N«

o

O «

=

o

S

e

n

■9

n

—,

-

^

E

© d

o

o

o

*

*

*

o

o

o

o

-

^51 3=

11 ill

ill

1

i i

v.->

o

(S

r?

o

f^

fo

90

*- i ^

^

o

«

c

«

Tftrj

'T

n

I ■■

,•: i.

o

o

©

©

©

g 0

Sssi

1 : '

c

::::!

E

.u.

,

■V

T

•wir-

r-

^

»

o

o

f^

«

■.■;-:d; = io

did d

o

r>

o

s

o

o

o

©

©

O

© ©

©

©

1"

1 [

I

^

«

•^

^

^k

^

^^

!»

■n

«
*«

^

;q

^

S

S

S

iS

<a

>^,

g

X c -

I

!

r

— — 1 = © © isi> f^

_ ON

III

ft c«

a>

|c c>

-^

«

t-~

^ «

c/^

^

fo

"S ^

V5

2 a.

ro

f 0 ^

-^ n

■5

U IT.

j=

C 0\

— i

^ «s

(U

•«

cc ^

§..■

« =;^

c t^

•S 85

^ ri

.£

li

6X f~"

=5 S

■f^

i^^ I!

Q S
Q

u.

[

[■^

000000000000000000 o'

Q I

W o

ft* -2

D

(^ui/ou) Aisuaa

> -A

S ^ ^

-| c/D 2

5 -^ 00

c/3 —

in

OJl

O)

Height
Interval
(inch)

=

0\

s

s

«>

so

s

t^

^
K

1

O

:*■ H

S

o

i

d

1

s

d

d

r3

d

d

i

d

WO

d

o

-as

o

^

«•

o o

1

i
i

1

t 1

?•

w-v

oe

f^ r^ f^ Ctw C- O * ~ C C Oi^

c

a

^

i

:; s o
i

.... 1

i i = = = = . ;

-j'^rf rr

11 1

-,

«1

T

%

'Q

^
"^

1^

«!
^

■^

^

g

!Q§

5

t

5

1

'^, ^i'^'<»

c <

« S

S ^

CO 00 vo

II 11 II

c ■< IX

S o

*p On

i2 ^

g ON

1^

5 ♦^
.5 5^

.^ o

Q Qi

M M [-
M M P
M i ME

^ — i — i — i — i —

MM

oc

ON

M Mc:

-t-Mb:i:

••■;••• rt

t

M , ,

n, , ,

1 1 ir~

! i ; EI
M M[
M M [

i :|

i i il^

M MC

M 1 t:

M M [
MM!

L

[

4<

1.1

y

)^

c

2. B -c^r^

« P > .2P

i:i ■£ 5 y

a. H ■= —

s — = O

^ S s -=

^ = - 'S

■?'B 1 y

£• = -ST' o

sill

£ "S I c

= (- = c

II II II II

c < |x-—

f^ rn <s «s

I c o rj fs rJ

■ d © n

(jUi/ou) AjsuaQ

Part III.

Density distributions for commercial mussel species
at Case-IH (RM 488.5) from 1985, 1987, and 1994.

Description

Page

Figure D-10
Figure D-11
Figure D-12
Figure D-13

Amblema plicata - Threeridge
Megalonaias nej^osa - Washboard
Qiiadnda quadnila - Mapleleaf
Quadnda pustidosa - Pimpleback

D-14
D-15
D-16
D-17

Page D-13

Whitney et al., Unionid Sun'ev - Reach 1 5 UMR

Height

Interval

(inch)

<=5

So

K

^

^
M

J5

S
"

-5

fy5 fn

4.] 3
4.33

e o -. 'i

d

o

o

r~

f^

s

as

N-

t^

^ ' \ \ ' '
t^i<^^c o o o <:tf*
dlO:0 1 ^ 1

i

E

©
c

00

1/-, r-

o o "^ f^.

= o

2

i

§
■*

r4

IT)

so

]

i

oc

o o c — .

o

5

d

*

d

2

d

d

^

^

^•

Height

Interval

(mm)

x^

'

JQ

^

_

>

^

^2

i

^

t

1

!Q

§

00 00

52

11

^ a.

d

C"

[V^

Q %

y

IT,

'J-

-a

■n

0

CN

^

y.

-^

0

■^

-

n

re

II

u

P

Sj

V

.i

—

5

Q.

^

7;

-

y

2

^

'^

—

c

^

■ =

0

0

y

p

c-

n

—

'•^

y

^

3

y

c

H

c

II

II

II

II

e

<

X

o o

06 "O

0000000000
'Trsovo-^fso'^d'^fs

(jUi/'ou) Xjisuaa

■S 2i E,

On ""^

^^ 2 J;2 C2
os •> <ri v-i

ftS S >* S

d o

:^i

ON
ON

^ 00 --

•2 ci:^ t-
s: ^ ON

- «

^u2

t/3 W 1.

C/5

1 o

— 00

ON i
d

1/5

^

•o

o

-t

E

i/i >o

1^ -is

:S E £ II

:^ o ^ f

&i .§ f

§11-1

o B g. Jf

■^ = E S

ibcr of
il area
in dens
iiniim

II II II II

c <!><■-

I

D

O 00

— * d

'O -*_ (S o w^, ■*, f<^^ fs »-< o 1/^ ■*_ r^^ <s ^_ o

d d d dddododdciciocisi

(jUi/-ou) y^isuaQ

Height
Interval
(inch)

<55

-

S

^

2

0\

<^5

5:

5^

^
S

^

^

E
d

i

■:■:;:■:■

i

d

d

d

d

d

d

d

„

•*

°

d

d

d

o

00

q
d

'

-■k

:||;;;|i

ill

d

d

d

d

1

d

00

d

"^ ' ^ i 1 1
^i® ill

c-jci

S

i

+

<»|c>

d

0\

d

d

d

o

o

d

d

ojo

1

1

Height

Interval

(mm)

<^

^

iq

^

^

^

!?

^

:^

55

:2

g^

§

So

^

1 1

"^

^

">

o

'Tf

tfa

/'"N

ON

-2 "^

^ oo

0^

s

ki

^

^2

(^

s

^ ^

^ K

oo

1

ON

^

^ ON

2 -a

1^

0)U

in

00
ON

f^

TT

■*

n

S ^

;^

00 —

^ ^

;2i

±?^

D-

c

ON

« —

C/)

^~^

fS

E 55

< 1^

E i?5

I5X) £:

— 00

[ ^

^

ir.

i\

f-

B-

o

r:

•A

^

o

p

>

^

fi

j^

1

1

■B

o

n

y

s

i;.

p

o

P

^

E

t-1

JD

c^

c-

r

C

'-

n

II

II

II

II

c

<

X

6X-I

On '5

fcX) s c =

«n

o

yr>

o

IT)

©

o

yrt

o

IT)

o

o

yr>

o

•T!

<s

r<

—

—

o

o

(S

-H

-^

o

o.

(S

—

-N

O

(jUI/-OU) X4ISU3Q

11 ii

11

£

^

?

g"^

0^

ON

^

O 00

<— 1

Cl

>^ 00

£

ss

C3

S

"^Q^

r-

^

Q ^

00

a

"s d:

ON

1 ^

tn

Ii

oo

ON

.. ..

, ,

zs

TTn-

W CT)

^

^ •^'

a>

JZ

a.

«->

C/5

c

•S u.'

^"^

c 3^

«

^s

e:

«-S

!V

E

s ^

«s «o ^*

^1

•S.2

.22 a«
•o a,

I I

9

II

s

i.i^

■ II
= <

IX

II " ¥
s < \x

;^.

--s-

fo

■^

?.

n

.

^.

fS

I i I

j

t-

i i [

i

r

»s

! i C

[-

r"

r-

1 1 C
i 1 [
i 1
i 1
1 \ C

C"

c
["
r

^

1

00

i

n-

1 ■ ■■■

00

1

d

\ 1 C

1 —

IZ

1 —

f"

6

i 1 1

2

[
[

[

<s

o

' — l"

^

&

1

«

o

0.

•p

^

D

»/^

•a

(Tn

<o

IT)

n

00

1=

-1

It

^
&

r-

3

_a

y, ^-

uj

■p

- '2

>

ij

c ■-

■■3

—

wo c

" q

r:

^

(/^ —

cr

-

fT) CD

■3 "n

!■£

>;.

•n =

^ c^

s

E

c

■F-

II

-

3 ,0

■a

»S

c

C

II II

II

II

iT)

= <

X

o q
lA d

<s -< —

q q q q o q
d wo' d vi d wo

(jUi/ou) itjisuaa

Appendix E

Density distributions based on estimated age

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River

Appendix E

Density distributions based on estimated age

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River

Description

Page

Parti. Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8)

Part II. Case-IH (RM 488.5)

Part III. Illiniwek (RM 492.4)

E-2

Figure E-1 : Frequency histograms of density at age for selected unionid E-3

species from Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8), 1994-95.
Table E-1 : Density distributions based on estimated age for selected E-4

unionid species from Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8), 1994-95.

Figure E-2 : Frequency histograms of density at age for selected unionid E-5

species from Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8), 1987.
Table E-2 : Density distributions based on estimated age for selected E-6

unionid species from Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8), 1987.

E-7

Figure E-3 : Frequency histograms of density at age for selected unionid E-8

species from Case-IH (RM 488.5), 1994.
Table E-3 : Density distributions based on estimated age for selected E-9

unionid species from Case-IH (RM 488.5), 1994

Figure E-4 : Frequency histograms of density at age for selected unionid E-10

species from Case-IH (RM 488.5), 1987.
Table E-4 : Density distributions based on estimated age for selected E-1 1

unionid species from Case-IH (HM 488.5), 1987.

E-12

Figure E-5 : Frequency histograms of density at age for selected unionid E-1 3

species from Illimwek (HM 492.4), 1994-95.
Table E-5 : Density distributions based on estimated age for selected E-1 4

unionid species from Illiniwek (RM 492.4), 1994-95.

Page E-1

Vvliitnev et al., Unionid Sunev - Reach 15 UMR

Part I.

Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8)

Description Page

Figure E-1 : Frequency histograms of density at age for selected unionid E-3

species from Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8), 1994-95.
Table E-1 : Density distributions based on estimated age for selected E-4

unionid species from Sylvan Slougli (RM 485.8), 1994-95.

Figure E-2 : Frequency histograms of density at age for selected unionid E-5

species from Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8), 1987.
Table E-2 : Density distributions based on estimated age for selected E-6

unionid species from Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8), 1987.

Species: Scientific - Common (Abbreviation)
Amblema pUcata - Threeridge (AmPl)

Megalonaias mimosa - Washboard (MeNe)

Quadnda quadnda - Mapleleaf (QuQu)

Ouadnda metanevra - Monkeyface (QuMe)

Quadnda pustulosa - Pimpleback (QuPu)

Ellipsaria lineolata - Butterfly (ElLi)^

Obliqiiaria reflexa - Threehom (ObRe)^

' - were not aged in 1994-95 survey, age calculated from shell length using age/length regression
equations from 1987.

Page E-2

Whitnev et al., Unionid Sun'ev - Reach 15 UMR

Figure E-

Frequency histograms of density (no./m-) at age for selected unionid species from Sylvan
Slough (RM 485.8) in Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River, 1994-95. Unionidswere
collected from 116 quantitative samples covering a surface area of 34 m-.

9 11

Estimated Age (years)

13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35

|ji-_

nmm

Amblema pUcata
x=33/ni^

nnnn^nnnn^nnn^;.;.m.

^rir^nmli

Megalonaias nervosa

x=2.2/m^

nfl "n n,

JIO

Quadrula quadrula
x=1.9/m^

nnnni lOn^i'

Mr-. r-, Fl

.^nll

0

Quadrula metane\'ra
x=4.4/m^

I In! I[ I Irln7nn r-n^ _ ^

Quadrula pustulosa
x=14.2/m^

On

HRr

hD

ElUpsaria lineolata
x=6.8/m^

nnnHnn,

n

Obliquaria reflexa
x=3.9/m^

on

HL

3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35
Estimated Age (years)

Page E-3

Whitnev et al , Unionid Sun-ev - Reach 1 5 UMR

Density distributions based on estimated age for selected unionid species from Sylvan
Slough (RM 485.8) in Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River, 1994-95. Unionids were
collected from 1 16 quantitative samples covering a surface area of 34 m^.

Age
(vrs)

Density (no./m^)

AmPl

MeNe

OuOu

9uMe

OuPu

EILi

ObRe

1
2

0
0.09

0

0.03

0
0!09

0
0.03

0.09

0.47

0.03

0.78

0.43

0.16

3

0.12

0.10

0.09

0.03

1.12

0.56

0.36

4

0.18

0.03

0.31

0.03

1.75

0.53

0.69

5

0.21

0.07

0.22

0.12

1.42

0.78

1.15

6

0.24

0.03

0.09

0.18

1.09

0.34

0.43

7

0.12

0.14

0.06

0.18

0.91

0.25

0.39

8

0.33

0.20

0.06

0.25

1.51

0.31
0.65

0.23

9

0.30

0.31

0.13

0.15

1.27

0.23

10

0.18

0.14

0.22

0.37

1.27

0.43

0.13

11

0.15

0.17

0.16

0.28

0.84

0.37

0.03
0

"""o

0

0'""

0

" 0

"1'

0

0

12

0.12

0.27

0.06

0.15

0.69

0.34

13

0.18

0.20

0.03

0.12

0.57

0.25

14

0.03

0.07

0.06

0.31

0.39

0.37

15

0.15

0.10

0.03

0.31

0.18

0.19

16

0.06

0.00

0.09

0.37

0.15

0.16

17

0.15

0.00

0.03

0.31

0.06

0.06

"" 0 "'

0 '

"' 0

u

0

18

0.09

0.07

0.00

0.18

0.03
0.03

■" 0

19

0.03

0.00

0.03

0.06

20

0.09

0.07

0,00

0.15

21

0.15

0.03

0.06

0.25

0

0

' " o'

22

0.06

0.03

0.00

0.15

23

0.03

0.00

0.00

0.15

0
0

0

0__

__0^ '

0
' 0

0
0
0
0

0

0

24

0.03

0.00

0.00

0.06

25

0.03

0.00

0.00

0.00
0.06
0.06
0.00
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.03

0

0

0
0

26

0.06

0.03
0

0.00

0.03
0

0

0
0

27

0

28

0

0

29

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

"o

0

0
0
0
0

30

0

?

0
0

31

0
0
0

0 ""

32

0

33

0

0

34

0

0

0

0

35

0

0
0

0

0

T

0
0

0

__0
0

36

.. Q ^

Mean 3.25 2.24

1.85

4.42 14.15

6.80

3.94

Page E-4

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 1 5 UMR

Figure E-2. Frequency histograms of density (no./m-) at age for selected unionid species from Sylvan
Slough (RM 485.8) in Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River, 1987. Unionidswere
collected from 8 quantitative samples covering a surface area of 8 m-.

Estimated Age (years)

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29

1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0

6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0

6.0
4.0
2.0

0.0
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0

mn

n n

oDD

Amblenta plicata
x=6.5/m^

mm

■ m ■-

n

Alegalonaias nervosa
x=14.5/m^

a___

■ n Rn nm

Quadrula quadrula
x=1.3/m^

a

I I

t

n

nl \M In

Quadrula nteUiitevra
3f=9.0/m'

n

nnnnnR

mmm m

m\ in

Dt

Qu a dm la pustii losa

DmE

on

n

Ellipsaria Uneolata
x=6.1/ni^

nn

nDlt

Ohliquaria reflexa
x=4.9/ni^

3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29

Estimated Age (years)
Page E-5

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 1 5 UMR

Table E-2. Density distributions based on estimated age for selected unionid species from Sylvan
Slough (RM 485.8) in Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River, 1987. Unionidswere
collected from 8 quantitative samples covering a surface area of 8 m^.

Age
(vrs)

Density (no./m^

)

AmPl

MeNe

OuQu

OuMe

OuPu

ElLi

ObRe

1

0.13

0
2.63" ■

0

0

0!l3

0

o.iF

0
0.25

0.25

0.25

2

0.13

0.00

1.01

3

0.50

6.88

0.38

1.00

0.64

0.38

4

0.75

0.63

0.00

0.50

2.63

0.64

0.88

5

0.25

1.50

0.00

0.13

1.13

0.89

0.25

6

0.00

0.38

0.13

0.38

3.13

0.89

0.38

7

0.25

0.13

0.00

0.25

6.38

1.14

0.63

8

0.50

0.25

0.13

0.63

4.25

0.51

0.38

9

0.50

0.13

0.13

0.38

2.88

0.13

0

0

0 '
0

10

0.63

0.00

0.00

0.88

1.63

0.13

11

0.25

0.00

0.00

0.63

0.63

0.51

12

0.38

0.50

0.13

0.63

2.13

0,13

13

0.38

0.00

0.26

0.75

0.50

0.13

0

0_""

" o' "

0
0
0
0
0

0
^0

0
0
0

0

14

0.38

0.13

0.13

0.13

0.25
0.13
0.38

0.00
0
0
0

0
" 0

0
^ 0

0

u

0
0

b

0
0
0

15

0.63

0.13

0.00

0.25

16

0.13

0.38

0.00

0.50

17

0.13

0.13

0.00

0.38

0.25

"0.25

0.50

0.00

18

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.25

19

0.00

0.13

0.00

0.13

20

0.25

0.13

0.00

0.38

21

0.00

0.13

0.13

0.00

0.00
0.13

0
0
' 0
0
0
0
0
0

22

0.13

0.13

0.00

0.38

23

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.13

24

0.25

0

~ 0

. ^

0 "■'

0.00

0.00

0.38

25

0.00

0.25

0

0 \

0

0

0.00

0.00

26

0.00

0.13

27

0.00

0.13

28

0.00
0.13

0.13

0.00
0.13

29

30

Mean 6.50 14.50

.30 9.00 28.40 6.10

4.90

Whitney

Page E-6

al,, Unionid Sun-'ev - Reach 15 UMR

Part II.

Case-IH (488.5)

Description

Page

Figure E-3 : Frequency histograms of density at age for selected unionid E-8

species from Case-IH (RM 488.5), 1994.
Table E-3 : Density distributions based on estimated age for selected E-9

unionid species from Case-IH (RM 488.5), 1994

Figure E-4 : Frequency histograms of density at age for selected unionid E-10

species from Case-IH (RM 488.5), 1987.
Table E-4 : Density distributions based on estimated age for selected E-11

unionid species from Case-IH (RM 488.5), 1987.

Species: Scientific - Common (Abbreviation)

Amblema plicata - Threeridge (AmPl)

Megalonaias nervosa - Washboard (MeNe)
Quadrula quadnda - Mapleleaf (QuQu)
Quadnda metanevra - Monkeyface (QuMe)
Quadnda pus t id OS a - Pimpleback (QuPu)
EUipsaria lineolata - Butterfly (ElLi)^
Obliquaria reflexa - Threehom (ObRe)^

' - were not aged in 1994-95 survey, age calculated from shell length using age/length regression
equations from 1987.

Page E-7

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 1 5 UMR

E-3.

Frequency histograms of density (no./m=) at age for selected unionid species from Case-IH
(RM 488.5) in Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River, 1994. Unionids were collected
from 72 quantitative samples covering a surface area of 18 m-

Estimated Age (years)

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35

zo

1.6

1.2

as
a-i

0.0

as
a6
a4
a2
ao
a4
aa
a2
ai
ao
a4
as
a2
ai
ao

2.5
2.0t
1.5
1.0

as
ao

1.6
1.2

as
a 4
ao

1.6
1.2

as
a 4
ao

_mm

DQ

Amhlcma p lie at a
x=14.0/m^

nnnmnnr

il^mcp , n^ «^

0

Megalonaias nervosa
x=3.6/m^

Ddd

nrir^nrnnnFlnnnr

..^[]op[

Quadrula quadrula
x=2.6/m^

nn.

Quadrula metanevra
x=0.8/m^

nRHnn H n

nnn

n

n

Quadrula pustulosa
x=21.0/m^

nnn^r^

Ellipsaria Uneolata
x=13.8/m^

t.^.] L.,.l [^ i ~T^ -^ r^y, r

D

Obliquaria reflexa
x=9.2/m^

Q

a

> 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35

Estimated Age (years)
Page E-8

Whitney et al , Unionid Sun.-ev - Reach 1 5 UMR

Table E-3. Density distributions based on estimated age for selected unionid species from Case-IH
(RM 488.5) in Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River, 1994. Unionids were collected
from 72 quantitative samples covering a surface area of 1 8 ml

Age
(vrs)

Density (no./m^]

AmPl

MeNe

OuOu

OuMe

OuPu

ElLi

ObRe

1

0
0.16
0.21
0.42

.Jiili

.™0^"" :

0
0.06

0.05
0^05
0.16
0.21

0

0

6'

0
0.38

0.71

0.33

2
3

0.66

0.82

1.09

0.71

1.92

4

0
0
0
0
0.06

1.74

1.42

1.04

5

0.47

0.00

0.16

1.09

1.31

1.43

6

0.78

0.17

0.16

0.54
0.92

1.20

1.15

7

1.09

0.61

0.27

1.31

0.82

8

1.35

0.39

0.43

1.90

1.15

0.60

9

1.09

0.22

0.16

0.11

2.50

1.15

0.27

10

1.41

0.28

0.27

0.22

2.60

1-04

0.05

11

0.88

0.44

0.32

0.06

2.28

0.98

0.11

12

0.88

0.1 1

0.11

0.06

1.84

0.93

0.11

13

0.68

0.17

0.16

0.00

1.36

0.44

0.16

14

0.88

0.06

0.00

0.11

1.03

0.33

0.00

15

0.88

0.17

0.05

0.00

0.43

0.16

0.05

16

0.42

0.06

0.00

0.06

0.33

0.05

0.00

17

0.42

0.11

0.00

0.00

0.38

0.05

0.00

18

0.36

O.ll

0.00

0.00

0.11

0.00

0.05

19

0.16

0.22

0.00

0.06

0.22

0.05

0.00

20

0.21

0.11

0.00

0.06

0.00

0.05

0.00

21

0.26

0.11

0.00

0.06

'""""o^

0 ^

0

'_"'o
0^

~ 0
0
0

u

0
0
0
0
0
0

0.00

0.00

0.05

22

0.16

0.11

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.05

23

0.21

0.06

0.00

0.11
0.16

0

0

0.00

0.00

24

0.16

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

25

0.10

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

26

0.00

0.06

0.00
0.00
0.05

0

0

0

0

0
_ 0

0

0

0.00

0.00

27

0.00

_0
tt
0
0

0
0

(t
0

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.00
0.05

0

0

(►

0

0

u "
0

0.11

0
0
0
0

u

0
0
0
0

28

0.16
" 0.05

29

30

0.00
0.05

31

32

0.05

33

0.00
0.05

34

35

0
0

36

Mean 14.00 3.61

2.61

0.83 21.00 13.78 9.17

Page E-9

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 15 UMR

E-4. Frequency histograms of density (no./m=) at age for selected unionid species from Case-IH
(RM 488.5) in Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River, 1987. Unionids were collected
from 8 quantitative samples covering a surface area of 8 m-.

Estimated Age (years)

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29

6.0
5.0
4.0 i
3.0-
2.0-
1.0
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0

4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0

nnO

Amhlema plicata
x=40.6/m^

nn^nrn^n^nni 11 Innnnnnn

Megalonaias nervosa
x=1.9/m^

fl

□on

iH

w

Quadrula quadrula
x=5.5/m^

nnr-^nr-.

r^rnPHri

Quadrula metanevra
x=0.9/m^

rLDfl

n n

mMk

Quadrula pustulosa
x=61.1/m^

O

D

Ellipsaria lineolata
x=32.8/m^

[jnrTinnnririnnn

J

Obllquaria reflexa
x=14.4/m^

m

OIL

3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29

Estimated Age (years)
Page E-10

Whitney et al , Unionid Survey - Reach 1 5 UMR

Table E-4. Density distributions based on estimated age for selected unionid species from Case-IH
(RM 488.5) in Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River, 1987. Unionids were collected
from 8 quantitative samples covering a surface area of 8 m-.

Age
(vrs)

Density (no./m^)

Am PI

MeNe

OuQu

OuMe

OuPu

ElLi

ObRe

1

0

.,:,.:. .0,.,.,..,

..::.:::.:.:.0,:: ,.....:.,

0.13

0.75

0.63

0.38

2

0.75

0.25

0.13

0.00

1.13

1.13

1.77

3

0.87

0.38

0.25

0.13

2.13

5.13

3.41

4

1.37

0.00

0.00

0.13

6.64

5.63

2.40

5

3.37

0.25

0.63

0.26

6.01

4.76

2.53

6

5.25

0.25

1.63

0.00

11.64

3.13

0.88

7

2.50

0.00

1.00

0.00

24.92

2.25

0.76

8

1.37

0.00

0.25

0.00

2.13

1.13

0.51

9

0.87

0.00

0.25

0.13

0.88

0.50

0.25

10

0.50

0.00

0.13

0.00

0.63

1.00

0.25

11

0.75

0.00

0.25

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.38

12

0.62

0.00

0.13

0.00

0.63

0.63

0.13

13

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.13

0

0
^0

0.63

0.75

0.00

14

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.50
0.38

0.25
0.75
0.25
0.00
0.50

T"~'~

a
J

0

i)'"

"" 0
'" 0 ^ "

0

1.63

0.25

15

0.50

0.00

0.00

1

0.13

16

1.25

0.00

0.13

0.00

17

1.87

0.00

0.00

1
0

o'

0

0
0

0

0.13

18

2.50

0.00

0.00

0.00

19

3.12

0.13

0.13

0

0 "

0.00
0.25"

20

1.37

0.25

0.13

21

1.62

0.13

0.25

0

22

2.00

0.13

0.13

0
0

0^ _

0 " "'

o"

i}_

6"
■^ 0^^ ^

~"" 0

23

1.12

0.13
0

_ 0_

' ' 0

" b'

0
0 ~" '

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13

0

0

b" "

0
0
0

1 o~

'0

0
0

24

2.00

25

0.87

26

0.87

0

~' 0 ""^

0

^„.^.^.,

0

27

0.37

28

0.37

29

r~o;i2

30

0.37

Mean

40.60

1.90

5.50

0.90

61.10

32.80

14.40

Page E- 11

Whitney et al., Unionid Sur\'ey - Reach 15 UMR

Part III.

Illiniwek (RM 492.4)

Description Page

Figure E-5 : Frequency histograms of density at age for selected unionid E-13

species from Illiniwek (HM 492.4), 1994-95.
Table E-5 : Density distributions based on estimated age for selected E-14

unionid species from Illiniwek (RM 492.4), 1994-95.

Species: Scientific - Common (Abbreviation)

Amblema plicata - Threeridge (AmPl)

Megalonaias nervosa - Washboard (MeNe)
Ouadnda quadnda - Mapleleaf (QuQu)
Quadrula metanevra - Monkeyface (QuMe)
Quadnda piistidosa - Pimpleback (QuPu)
Ellipsaria lineolata - Butterfly (ElLi)'
Obliquaria reflexa - Threehom (ObRe)^

' - were not aged in 1994-95 survey, age calculated from shell length using age/length regression
equations from 1987,

Page E-12

Whitney et al-, Unionid Survey - Reach UMR

Figure E-5. Frequency histograms of density (no./m^) at age for selected unionid species from

Illiniwek(RM 492.4) in Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River, 1994-95. Unionids
were collected from 98 quantitative samples covering a surface area of 29 m*.

Estimated Age (years)

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35

1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2-
0.0

0.4 1

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

4.0

3.0

2.0-t

1.0

0.0

1.6

1.2

0.

0.4

0.0

Mm

Amblema pUcata
x=10.3/m^

DnnnnHn

nFlr^^F^I.

Pin

DnO

Megalonaias nervosa
x=2.8/m^

J\nW.

rfl

r— It II 1r-i

JL

JL

Quadrula quadrula
x=1.3/m^

lln'nrinFln'Rn

n^ __ m ^ pp^

Quadrula metanevra
x=0.3/m^

-^3 CyiF?aF^^a _ rmr^

m

Quadrula pustulosa
x=16.2/m^

QIQ

uU

F"1 rp r^ -^ r-n ^ -,

J

Ellipsarla Uneolata
x=35.0/m^

E

IFirpr^m ^

Ohllquaria reflexa
x=9.9/m^

^nrp.

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35

Estimated Age (years)
Page E-13

Whitney et al , Unionid Survey - Reach 1 5 UMR

Table E-5. Density distributions based on estimated age for selected unionid species from Uliniwek
(RM 492.4) in Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River, 1994-95. Unionids were
collected from 98 quantitative samples covering a surface area of 29 m-.

Age
(yrs)

Density

/ (no./m'

)

AmPI

MeNe

QuQu

QuMe

QuPu

ElLi

ObRe

1

0.02

0

0

0.03

0

0 ^

0
0.21
0.07

0

0

0
0.03

0

. 0

0.03
1.74 ~

3.30

0.21

2

0.27

3.46

0.63

3

0.22

2.33

1.98

4

0.24

0.19

2.41

1.64

5

0.68

0.09

2.62

3.22

1.39

6

0.93

0.12

0.09

0.00

1.60

2.87

1.14

7

0.90

0.09

0.09

0.00

1.74

2.37

0.97

8

1.05

0.19

0.05

0.00

1.26

2.52

0.67

9

0.61

0.37

0.14

0.03

1.60

2.41

0.25

10

0.71

0.34

0.07

0.03

0.95

2.64

0.34

11

0.54

0.28

0.09

0.03

0.95

2.29

0.29

12

0.64

0.19

0.07

0.03

0.82

1.75

0.08

13

0.51

0.03

0.23

0.00

1.02

1.09

0.00

14

0.49

0.16

0.05

0.03

0.27

0.62

0.13

15

0.42

0.06

0.02

0.03

0.37

0.43

0.08

16

0.44

0.12

0.00

0.00

0.20

0.47

0.04

17

0.29

0.03

0.02

0.00

0.20

0.23

0.00

18

0.17

0.06

0.02

0.00

0.27

0.23

0.00

19

0.34

0.09

0.00

0.00

0.07

0.12

0.00

20

0.17

0.03

0.05

0.00

0.17

0.08

0.00

21

0.12

0.00

0.00

0.07

0.00

0.12

0.04

22

0.15

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.08

Q _

■' T^ '~

0

'o'

0

0.00

23

0.07

0.03

0.05

0.00

0.07

0.00

24

0.05

0.00

0.02

0.00

0.07

0.04

_0__,
0

25

0.10

0.09

0
0

0.00

0.00

26

0.05

0.03

0.00

0.00

27

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.10

0

28

0.02

0.00

0

0.00

0.00

0

29

0.02

0.03

0
0
0
0

0.00

0.00

0

0

0

0
0

30

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.03

0

0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
~0.00
0.00
0.03

31

0.00

0.00

32

0.02

0.06

33

0.02

0.00

0
0

0
0
0
0

0

34

0.00

0.00

0

35

0.02

0.00

0

36

0.02

0.03

Mean 10.34 2.77

1.33

0.33

.6.17 35.02 9.93

Page E-14

Whitnev et al., Unionid Sur\-ev - Reach 1 5 UMR

Appendix F

Unionid mussel recruitment

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River

Appendix F

Unionid mussel recruitment

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi RKer

Description Page

Figure F-1 : Recruitment of unionid mussel species at Sylvan Slough F-2

(RM 485.8), Case-IH (RM 488.5), and Illimvvek (RM
492.4), 1994-95.

Figure F-2 : Recruitment of unionid mussel species at Sylvan Slough F-3

(RM 485.8), 1983, 1985, 1987, and 1994-95.

Figure F-3 : Recruitment of unionid mussel species at Case-IH (RM F-4

488.5), 1985, 1987, and 1994.

Page F-1

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 1 5 UMR

Figure F-1. Recruitment ofunionid mussel species at three sites in Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River,
1994-95. Length-frequency distributions (Appendix C) were used to calculate percentage (%)
and density (no./m-) of individuals within the specified size range.

Species

Recruitment

Size
(mm)

Percentage (%)

Density (no./m^

)

Sylvan
Sloueh

Case

Illiniwek

Mean

Sylvan
Slough

Case

Illiniwek

Amblema plicata

<30

7.42

3.96

6.59

5.99

0.24

0.56

0.68

0.49

Megalonaias nervosa

<30

1.52

0.00

0.00

0.51

0.03

0.00

0.00

0.01

Quadnda metanevra

<30

1.40

0.00

0.00

0.47

0.06

0.00

0.00

0.02

Quadnda pustulosa

<30

30.34

17.73

23.93

24.00

4.30

3.72

3.90

3.97

Quad ru I a quadrula

<30

19.68

14.89

16.67

17.08

0.36

0.40

0.22

0.33

Ellipsaha lineolata

<30

9.59

4.03

9.54

7.72

0.65

0.56

3.34

1.52

LeptodeafragUis

<30

21.83

56.76

23.88

34.16

0.37

1.17

0.92

0.82

Obliquaria rejlexa

<15

6.99

2.46

4.76

4.74

0.21

0.22

0.48

0.30

TruncUla truncata

<15

10.91

11.80

44.83

22.51

0.93

2.13

1.42

1.49

TruncUla donaciformis

<10

31.43

2.78

0.00

11.40

1.41

0.06

0.00

0.49

Page F-2

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 1 5 UMR

Figure F-2. Recaiitment of unionid mussel species at Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8) in Reach 1 5 of the Upper
Mississippi River, 1983, 1985, 1987, and 1994-95. Length-frequency distributions (Appendix
C) were used to calculate percentage (%) and density (no./m-) of individuals within the
specified size range

Species

Recruitment

Size
(mm)

Percentage (%)

Density (no./m^

)

1983

1985

1987

1994-95

Mean

1983

1985

1987

1994-95

Mean

Amblema plicata

<30

0.00

3.84

9.61

7.42

5.22

0.00

0.38

0.64

0.24

0.32

Megalonaias nervosa

<30

0.00

0.93

3.45

1.52

1.48

0.00

0.13

0.50

0,03

0.17

Ouadrula metanevra

<30

0.00

7.17

2.78

1.40

2.84

0.00

0.12

0.25

0.06

0.11

Onadrula pustulosa

<30

16.86

16.45

9.72

30.34

18.34

3.50

3.27

2.77

4.30

3.46

Ouadrula quadrula

<30

9.09

1.89

10.00

19.68

10.17

0.25

0.13

0.13

0.36

0.22

EUipsaria lineolata

<30

0.00

2.38

4.17

9.59

4.04

0.00

0.12

0.25

0.65

0.26

Leptodea fragilis

<30

5.40

3.70

10.98

21.83

10.48

0.50

0.37

1.14

0.37

0.60

Obliquaria reflexa

< 15

0.00

3.13

2.56

6.99

3.17

0.00

0.13

0.13

0.21

0.12

Truncilla truncata

<15

0.00

0.00

0.63

10.91

2.89

0.00

0.00

0.13

0.93

0.27

Truncilla donaciformis

< 10

0.00

0.00

3.92

31.43

8.84

0.00

0.00

0.26

1.41

0.42

Page F-3

Whitney et al., Unionid Sun'ey - Reach 1 5 UMR

Figure F-3. Recruitment of unionid mussel species at Case-IH (RM 488.5) in Reach 15 of the Upper
Mississippi River, 1985, 1987, and 1994. Length-frequency distributions (Appendix C) were
used to calculate percentage (%) and density (no./m-) of individuals within the specified size
range.

Species

Recruitment |

Size
(mm)

Percentage (%)

Densi(

y (no./m^) 1

1985

1987

1994

Mean

1985

1987

1994

Mean

Amblema plicata

<30

3.48

5.23

3.96

4.22

0.23

2.12

0.56

0.97

Megalonaias nen'osa

<30

4.55

0.00

0.00

1.52

0.66

0.00

0.00

0.22

Quadmla metanevra

<30

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Quadrula pustulosa

<30

21.33

14.73

17.73

17.93

6.06

8.99

3.72

6.26

Quadrula quadrula

<30

5.88

4.55

14.89

8.44

0.08

0.25

0.40

0.24

Ellipsaria lineolata

<30

1.08

4.59

4.03

3.23

0.07

1.51

0.56

0.71

Leptodea fragilis

<30

11.58

7.12

56.76

25.15

1.20

2.38

1.17

1.58

Obliquaha reflexa

<15

0.00

0.00

2.46

0.82

0.00

0.00

0.22

0.07

Truncilla tnincata

<15

0.00

0.36

11.80

4.05

0.00

0.25

2.13

0.79

Truncilla donacifomiis

<10

0.00

2.98

2.78

1.92

0.00

0.26

0.06

0.11

Page F-4

Whitney et al., Unionid Sur\'cv - Reach 1 5 UMR

Appendix G

Commercial Species Age and Growth

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River

Appendix G

Commercial Species Age and Growth

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River

Description

Page

Part I. Summary tables on age and growth of unionid mussels from
Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River.
Table G-1 : Number of years to reach minimum commercial size.

Table G-2 : Number of years to reach sexual maturity.

Table G-3 : Formulas to calculate unionid age from shell length or height.

Table G-4 : Formulas to calculate morphological shell measurements

from unionid age.
Table G-5 : Illiniwek (RM 492.4) - regression parameters of

morphological shell measurements.
Table G-6 : Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8) - regression parameters of

morphological shell measurements.
Table G-7 : Formulas to calculate (a) live weight and (b) dry shell weight

from shell length or height.
Table G-8 : Estimated abundance and weight of commercially sized /4.

plicata and M. nervosa.

Part II. Average observed morphological shell measurements of
commercial mussel species of various ages from Reach 15 of
the Upper Mississippi River, 1987 and 1994-95.
Table G-9 : Amblema plicata - Threeridge

Table G-10 : Megalonaias nervosa - Washboard

Table G-11 : Ouadnda qiiadnda - Mapleleaf

Table G-12 : Ouadnda pustidosa - Pimpleback

Table G-13 : Ouadnda metanevra - Monkeyface

Part III. Calculated morphological shell measurements of commercial
mussel species of various ages from Reach 15 of the Upper
Mississippi River, 1987 and 1994-95.

Table G-14 : Amblema plicata - Threeridge

Table G-15 : Megalonaias nervosa - Washboard

Table G-16 : Ouadrula quadnda - Mapleleaf

Table G-17 : Ouadnda pustidosa - Pimpleback

Table G-18 : Ouadnda metanevra - Monkeyface

Part IV. Growth curves for commercial mussel species from Reach 15
of the Upper Mississippi River, 1987 and 1994-95.

Figure G-1
Figure G-2
Figure G-3
Figure G-4
Figure G-5

Amblema plicata - Threeridge
Megalonaias nervosa - Washboard
Ouadrula quadnda - Mapleleaf
Ouadnda pustidosa - Pimpleback
Ouadnda metanevra - Monkeyface
Page G-1

G-2

G-3
G-3
G-4
G-5

G-6

G-7

G-8

G-9

G-10

G-11
G-12
G-13
G-14
G-15

G-16

G-17

G-18

G-19

G-20

G-21

G-22

G-23

G-24

G-25

G-26

G-27

Part I.

Summary tables on age and growth of unionid mussels
from Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River.

Description

Page

Table G-1 : Number of years to reach minimum G-3

commercial size.

Table G-2 : Number of years to reach sexual maturity. G-3

Table G-3 : Formulas to calculate unionid age from shell G-4

length or height.

Table G-4 : Formulas to calculate morphological shell G-5

measurements from unionid age.

Table G-5 : Illiniwek (RM 492.4) - regression parameters of G-6
morphological shell measurements.

Table G-6 : Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8) - regression G-7

parameters of morphological shell measurements.

Table G-7 : Formulas to calculate (a) live weight and (b) G-8

dry shell weight from shell length or height.

Table G-8 : Estimated abundance and weight of G-9

commercially sized A. plicata and h4. nervosa.

Page G-2

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 15 UMR

Table G-1 : Number of years for five mussel species fi-om Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River to
reach minimum commercial size limit. Age determination based on polynomial regression
formulas (Table G-3),

Minimum

Years to reach

minimum

Species

commercial size*

commercia

1 size

(inch)

(mm)

1994-95

1987

AmbJema plicata
(Threeridge)

2.75

69.85

21

25

Megalonaias nervosa
(Washboard)

4.00

101.60

24

25

Quadrula metanevra
(Monkeyface)

2.50

63.50

—

21

Quadrula pustuJosa
(Pimpleback)

2.50

63.50

19

20

Quadrula quadrula
(Mapleleaf)

2.50

63.50

19

20

' - measured from the center of the hinge side and at a right angle across the shell to the outer edge (shell height).

Table G-2 : Estimated number of years for five mussel species to reach sexual maturity in Reach 15 of the
Upper Mississippi River. Values based on observed decrease in distance between growth
bands on individual mussels collected in 1994-95.

Species

n

Estimated years to

maturity

Mean

Std. Dev.

Range

Amblema plicata
(Threeridge)

78

8.19

1.37

6-12

Megalonaias nervosa
(Washboard)

29

8.17

1.10

6-10

Quadrula metanevra
(Monkeyface)

12

7.17

1.19

5-.9

Quadrula pustulosa
(Pimpleback)

38

7.58

1.81

6-11

Quadrula quadrula
(Mapleleaf)

28

8.36

2.00

8-11

Page G-3

Whitney et al., Unionid Sur\ev - Reach 1 5 UMR

Table G-3. Formulas to calculate unionid age (yrs.) from shell length or height (mm) for species collected in
Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River in (a) 1994-95 and (b) 1987. All relationships were
best described by a third order polynomial regression formula.

Example: Calculate the age of a A/ega/onfl/a5 wen 0.^(7 collected in 1994-95 with a height of 88.9 mm (3.5 inch).
Calculations: y = 0.0000688.\' - 0.0083326x- + 0.4076798x - 3. 1385823

y = 0.0000688(88.9)' - 0.0083326(88.0)- + 0.4076798(88.9) - 3.1385823

y = 0.0000688(702595.37) - 0.0083326(7903.2 1) + 0.4076798(88.9) - 3. 1385823

y = 48.3385615 - 65.8542876 + 36.2427342 - 3. 1385823

y= 15.59 years old

(a) 1994-95

Species

y

X

Formula

l^

Amblema plicata

age

length

V =

= 0.000061 Ix^

-0.0063227x= + 0.3293202x

-2.0603603

0.9820

age

height

y-

= 0.0001352x'

- 0.0103458x^ + 0. 3845092X

-1.6220988

0.9861

Megalonaias uen'osa

age

length

y =

= 0.0000 150x^

-0.0017899x- + 0.1043503x-

f 0.8485574

0.9817

age

height

y =

= 0.0000688x5

-0.0083326x- + 0.4076798x

-3.1385823

0.9513

Qiiadnt la p ustulosa

age

length

y =

= 0.0000801x5

- 0.0037934x2 + 0.2010223X

-0.2367326

0.9832

age

height

y =

= 0.0001789x5

-0.0118251x=+0,3874485x

- 1.1206431

0.9652

Quadrula quadrula

age

length

y =

= 0.0000611x5

- 0.0063227x2 + 0.3293202X

-2.0603603

0.9820

age

height

y =

= 0.0000648x5

+ 0.0017484x2 -0.1600863X-

f 5.4257652

0.9448

(b) 1987

Species

y

X

Formula

H

Amblema plicata

age

length

y =

-0.0000268x5

+ 0.0096861x= - 0.45 1 1657x + 7.3304427

0.9448

age

height

y =

-0.0000463x5

+ 0.0153635x= - 0.6001301X + 7.8939737

0.9467

Megalonaias nen'osa

age

length

y =

= 0.0000156x5

- 0.002 1 1 94x2 -f 0.1 768499X- 2. 10644 16

0.9412

age

height

y-

= 0.0000410x5

- 0.0037773x2 + 0.2273856x - 1 .7508804

0.9497

Qiiadnda metanevra

age

length

y =

= 0.0001713x5

- 0.0156912x2 + 0.6016140X - 5.0779275

0.9838

age

height

y =

0.0004565x5

-0.0414700x2+ 1.3772656X- 12.7058843

0.9834

Quadrula pustidosa

age

length

y =

= 0.0002077x5

- 0.0169617x2 + 0.6108890X - 4.5812617

0.9818

age

height

y =

= 0.0002409x5

- 0.0201669x2 + 0.7151071X- 5.4470434

0.9741

Quadrula quadrula

age

length

y =

= 0.0001973x5

- 0.0209885x2 + 0.878790]x - 9.2126875

0.8617

age

height

y =

~- 0.0000628x5

+ 0.0013627x2 - 0.0559941X + 2.3033227

0.8073

Ellipsaria lineolata

age

length

y =

-0.0000249x5

+ 0.0089175x2 . 0.4059395X + 5.6305060

0.9126

age

height

y =

-0.0000576x5

+ 0.0142301x2 - 0.4725642X + 4.9521332

0.9092

Obliquaria reflexa

age

length

y =

= 0.0004491x5

-0.0351957x2+ 1.0376130X- 8.6958402

0.9760

age

height

y =

= 0.0004641x5

- 0.0269657x2 + 0.6638447x - 4.1366390

0.9845

Page G-4

Whitney et al., Unionid Suney - Reach 15 UMR

Table G-4. Regression equation parameters of growth curves (Figures 1-5) for unionid species collected in

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River in (a) 1994-95 and (b) 1987. Formulas can be used to ^
calculate morphological shell measurements (mm) from unionid age (yrs). All relationships
were best described by a third order polynomial regression formula.

(a) 1994-95

Species

y

X

Formula

l^

Ambkma plicata

length
width
height

age
age
age

y =
y =
y =

= 0.0050071x3
= 0.0039842x3
= 0.0045958x3

- 0.3666344X- + 9.8249057x - 0.4260532

- 0.2602081X- + 5.883 121 8x + 0.8669406

- 0.3 191360X- + 7.97201 17x + 0.7129795

0.9912
0.9789
0.9898

Megalonaias nervosa

length
width
height

age
age
age

y =
y =

y =

= 0.0177900x3
= 0.0062956x3
= 0.0120926x3

- 0.9967481x= + 19.9961039x - 9.2124276
-0.3839674x- + 8.1506566x- 5.9351060
-0.7049751X-+ 14.4179442X- 8.6804480

0.9817
0.9518
0.9752

Quadnda piistulosa

length
width
height

age
age
age

y =
y =
y =

= 0.0095563x3
= 0.0062383x3
= 0.0057603x3

-0.4591499x2 + 8.7732342X- 1.6112619

- 0.3273931x2 + 6.0829175X- 1.9140641

- 0.375 1007x2 + 8.2306743X - 1 .7984754

0.9930
0.9904
0.9927

Qiiadrula quadnda

length
width
height

age
age
age

y =

y =
y =

= 0.0051816x3
= 0.0059529x3
= 0.0076875x3

- 0.3269566x2 + 8.1284370x + 2.9573194

- 0.3206641x2 + 6.0501791X + 0.5701078

- 0.4373603x2 + 8.9145035X- 1.4862868

0.9741
0.8928
0.9570

(b) 1987

Species

y

X

Formula

r^

Amblema plicata

length
width
height

age
age
age

y =
y =
y =

= 0.0068550x3
= 0.0035412x3
= 0.0052136x3

-0.43 18429x2 + 9.7916577X + 3.2610581

- 0.2238239x2 + 5.0539655x + 4.2486195

- 0.3297364x2 + 7.4764151x + 4.6248189

0.9904
0.9908
0.9908

Megalonaias nerx'osa

length
width
height

age
age
age

y =
y =
y-

= 0.0109224x3
= 0.0038476x3
= 0.0069224x3

-0.6825639x2+ 15. 5587462x + 5.0508338

- 0.2468855x2 + 5.8132082x + 3.0244842

- 0.4460882x2 + 10.5656144x + 4.6659580

0.9830
0.9851
0.9845

Quadnda metanevra

length
width
height

age
age
age

y-
y =
y-

= 0.0047743x3
= 0.0023107x3
= 0.0041474x3

- 0.3053982x2 + 7.2113570X+ 10.6592964

- 0.1524142x2 + 3.8090437X + 6.9840649

- 0.2597647x2 + 5.8559550X+ 13.9737817

0.9737
0.9725
0.9705

Quadnda pustidosa

length
width
height

age
age
age

y-
y-
y-

= 0.0062338x3
= 0.0036749x3
= 0.0056265x3

- 0.3614091x2 + 7.6985955X + 4.3316920

- 0.2213104x2 + 4.8644087X + 3.3442995

- 0.3372531x2 + 7.4ioi475x + 4.1748952

0.9951
0.9937
0.9940

Quadnda quadnda

length
width
height

age
age
age

y-
y-

y-

= 0.0061609x3
= 0.0034844x3
= 0.0060794x3

- 0.4005523x2 + 8.9274096X + 5.1 135483

- 0.2238107x2 4. 4.8979279X + 3 8328803

- 0.3782481x2 + 8.0639853x + 3.1 1503 18 .

0.9762
0.9724
0.9596

Ellipsaria lineolata

length
width
height

age
age
age

y-
y-
y--

= 0.0206120x3
= 0.0086633x3
= 0.0165539x3

- 0.8801632x2 + 13. 1422716X + 5.3824389
-0.3699364x2+ 5.6840818X- 0.1292106

- 0.7072558x2 + 10.61 73476x + 2.3427725

0.9735
0.9736
0.9731

Obliquaria reflexa

length
width
height

age
age
age

y--
y-
y-

= 0.0157802x3
= 0.0134031x3
= 0.0089603x3

- 0.06259 11 1x2 + 8.607 1230X + 9.6129379
-0.531 7640x2 + 7.4484997X + 6.9729323

- 0.3563955x2 + 4.9559685x + 4.4767819

0.9911
0.9914
0.9926

Page G-5

Whitney et al.. Unionid Survey - Reach 15 UMR

Table G-5. Regression equation parameters of morphological measurements from mussels collected at
Illiniwek site (RM 492.4), 1994-95. The relationship between morphological measurements
were best described by a power regression equation (y = ax^b). Equation parameters are as
follows : y = dependent variable; x = independent variable; a = y intercept; b = regression
coefficient (slope); r- = coefficient of determination; and n = number of individuals plotted.

Example: Calculate the shell width and height ofanAmblema plicata (Three ridge) with a shell length of 92.56 mra {y = ax'^b)
width = 0.8195 >: 92. 56^0.9065 = 49.67 mm - 25 4 mm/iirh = 1.96 inch
height = 1.0722 x 92 56'X).9302 = 72.35 mm - 25.4 mm/inch = 2.85 inch

Species

y

X

a

b

r^

n

Amblema plicata

width

length

0.8195

0.9065

0.9649

167

height

length

1.0722

0.9302

0.9827

ini

length

width

1.4253

1.0643

0.9649

167

height

width

1.3696

1.0131

0.9610

101

length

height

0.9971

1.0565

0.9827

101

width

height

08514

0.9486

0.9610

101

Ellipsaria lineolata

width

length

0.1601

1.2247

0.9016

565

height

length

0.5743

1.0728

0.9798

173

length

width

5.6614

0.7362

0.9016

565

height

width

3.2606

0.8392

0.9415

173

length

height

1.7949

0.9133

0.9798

173

width

height

0 3144

1.1219

0.9415

173

Megalonaias nerwsa

width

length

0.3771

1.0112

0.9255

70

height

length

0.5610

1.0513

0.9883

34

length

width

3.4470

0.9153

0.9255

70

height

width

2.1239

0.9548

0.9483

34

length

height

1.8163

0.9401

0.9883

34

width

height

0.5710

0.9932

0.9483

34

Obliquaria rejlexa

width

length

0.4006

1.0861

0.9521

170

height

length

0.5897

1.0975

0.9919

46

length

width

2.6366

0.8766

0.9521

170

height

width

1.5263

0.9994

0.9667

46

length

height

1.6575

0.9038

0.9919

46

width

height

0.7300

0.9672

0.9667

46

Quadrula pustulosa

width

length

0.7398

0.9658

0.9685

275

height

length

0.9658

1.0007

0.9899

64

length

width

1.5169

1.0028

0.9685

275

height

width

1.4497

1.0070

0.9787

64

length

height

1.0741

0.9892

0.9899

64

width

height

0.7467

0.9719

0.9787

64

Quadrula quadrula

width

length

0.6841

0.9495

0.9687

43

height

length

0.8678

0.9932

0.9932

18

length

width

1.6687

1.0202

0.9687

43

height

width

1.5423

0.9968

0.9916

18

length

height

1.1831

1.0000

0.9932

18

width

height

0.6680

09948

0.9916

18

Truncllla truncata

width

length

0.4154

1.0980

0.9542

563

height

length

0.6609

1.0599

0.9676

203

length

width

2.4966

0,8690

0.9542

563

height

width

17162

0.9267

0.9715

198

length

height

1.6248

0.9130

0.9676

203

width

height

0,6142

1.0483

0.9715

198

Page G-6

Whitney et al.. Unionid Sunev - Reach 15 UMR

Table G-6. Regression equation parameters of morphologica] measurements from mussels collected at Sylvan
Slough site (RM 485.8), 1994-95. The relationship between morphological measurements were'
best described by a power regression equation (y = ax'^b). Equation parameters are as follows : y
= dependent variable; x = independent variable, a = y intercept; b = regression coefficient
(slope); r^ = coefficient of determination; and n = number of individuals plotted.

Example: Calculate the shell width and height oCanAmblemaplicata (Three ridge) with a shell length of 92.56 mm. (>'
width =1.0138 X 92.56^.8571 =49.13 mm - 25.4 mm/inch = 1.93 inch
height = 1.0400 ^ 92.56'X).9328 = 71.01 mm - 25.4 mm/inch = 2.80 inch

ax-^b)

Species

y

X

a

b

H

n

Amblema plicata

width

length

1.0138

0.8571

0.9421

111

height

length

1.0400

0.9328

0.9855

55

length

width

1.2507

1.0993

0.9421

111

height

width

1.4189

0.9948

0.9594

55

length

height

1.0178

1.0565

0.9855

55

width

height

0.8228

0.9644

0.9594

55

Ellipsaria lineolata

width

length

0.1725

1.1977

0.8988

175

height

length

0.5453

1.0892

0.9797

81

length

width

5.5838

0.7505

0.8988

175

height

width

3.5760

0.8149

0.9342

81

length

height

1.8678

0.8994

0.9797

81

width

height

0.2811

1.1463

0.9342

81

Megalonaias nervosa

width

length

0.4347

0.9771

0.9106

66

height

length

0.7203

0.9953

0.9831

41

length

width

3.3050

0.9319

0.9106

66

height

width

2.6178

0.9034

0.9584

41

length

height

1.4963

0.9877

0.9831

41

width

height

0.4203

1.0609

0.9584

41

Obliquaria reflexa

width

length

0.4515

1.0558

0.9486

110

height

length

0.7197

0.9953

0.9860

71

length

width

2.4494

0.8985

0.9486

110

height

width

1.6706

0.9639

0.9553

71

length

height

1.4359

0.9497

0.9860

71

width

height

0.6854

0.9911

0.9553

71

Quadrula pustulosa

width

length

0.6041

1.0213

0.9801

407

height

length

0.8438

1.0388

0.9926

222

length

width

1.7413

0.9596

0.9801

407

height

width

1.5105

0.9950

0.9880

221

length

height

1.2074

0.9555

0.9926

222

width

height

0.6891

0.9930

0.9880

221

Quadrula quadrula

width

length

1.0972

0.8426

0.9420

48

height

length

0.9918

0.9725

0.9818

38

length

width

1.1248

1.1179

0.9420

48

height

width

1.2563

1.0573

0.9795

38

length

height

1.0825

1.0096

0.9818

38

width

height

0.8673

0.9263

0.9795

38

Truncilla Iruncata

width

length

0.3922

1.1102

0.9739

234

height

length

0.5451

1.1187

0.9891

109

length

width

2.4700

0.8773

0.9394

234

height

width

1.5716

0.9634

0.9877

109

length

height

1.7696

0.8841

0.9891

109

width

height

0.6492

1.0252

0.9877

109

Page G-7

Whitney et al., Unionid Suney - Reach 1 5 UMR

Table G-7 : Formulas to calculate (a) live weight and (b) dry shell weight from shell length and height
(mm) for commercial mussel species collected in Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River,
1994-95. The relationship between weight and shell size was best described by a power
regression (y = ax'^b). Equation parameters are as follows: y = dependent variable; x =
independent variable; a = y-intercept, b = regression coefficient (slope), r- = coefficient of
determination; and n = number of individuals plotted.

Example : Calculate the live weight and drv' shell weight for fwc Amblema plicata ha\-mg measured shell heights of: 75.10,
85.01, 72.52, 76.15, and 91 23 What is the present commercial value of these mussels ($0 86/lb dry shell)?

Calculations: y = ax^b

Live weight (g) = (O.OO 13 -75.10^2. 8266)+{0,0013- 85.01 "2. 8266)+(0.0013 ■72.52-2. 8266)*(0 0013- 76.15^2. 8266)+(0,0013- 91, 23"2, 8266)
= 260.39 + 369.64 + 235.89 + 270.81 + 451.30
= 1588.03 g - 454 g'pound = 3.50 pounds
Drj' shell weight (g) =(0.0O13-75.10-2.7444)+C0.0O13-85.0r2.7444)+(0.OO13-72.52-2 7444)*(0.OO13-76.15-2.7444)+(0,0O13-91.23'2 7444)
= 182.58 + 256.56+ 165.88+ 189.67 + 311.42
= 1106.10 g + 454 g'pound = 2.44 pounds @ S0.86/pound =$2.10

(a) Live

weight (g)

Species

y

X

a

b

r^

n

Amblema plicata

Live wgt

length

0.0015

2.6419

0.9814

167

Live wgt

height

0.0013

2.8266

0.9853

167

Megalonaias nervosa

Live wgt

length

0.0002

3.0167

0.9776

98

Live wgt

height

0.0007

2.9424

0.9704

98

Quadnila metanevra

Live wgt

length

0.0005

2.9200

0.9765

32

Live wgt

height

0.0001

3.4266

0.9543

32

Quadrula pustulosa

Live wgt

length

0.0011

2.7847

0.9333

210

Li\e wgt

height

0.0015

2.7103

0.9441

210

Quadrula quadrula

Live wgt

length

0.0012

2.7035

0.9508

57

Live wgt

height

0.0010

2.8381

09897

57

[b) Dry shell

weight (g)

Species

y

X

a

b

r^

n

Amblema plicata

Dr>' shell wgt

length

0.0015

2.5620

0.9733

172

Dry shell wgt

height

0.0013

2.7444

0.9779

172

Megalonaias nervosa

Dr\' shell wgt

length

0.0002

2.9057

0.9643

100

Dr\' shell wgt

height

0.0007

2.8437

0.9626

100

Quadrula metanevra

Dn,- shell wgt

length

0.0005

2.8487

0.9574

32

E>r\- shell wgt

height

0.0001

3.3415

0.9348

32

Quadrula pustulosa

Dn shell wgt

length

0.0014

2.6490

0.9551

204

Dn- shell wgt

height

0.0016

2.6358

0.9619

204

Quadrula quadrula

Dr\- shell wgt

length

0.0011

2.6574

0.9464

57

Drv' shell wgt

height

0.0009

27893

0.9849

57

Page G-8

Whitney et al., Unionid Sur\ey - Reach 15 UMR

0^

"O '55

Is

1 1

C/5 S^

« 6X S

C/5 M^

S.£f I

<N —

2 £ I

1-1!

"O O M

** II ~^

'E "11

E I f

§8 "^

i r ^

a ^ ^

^ rf (N

ci (S II

^ 't A

W <-^ K

^ t^
111

S J e

ill

■S -5 =5
i ^ 5

O

-J fi

Part II.

Average observed morphological shell measurements of

commercial mussel species of various ages from Reach 15

of the Upper Mississippi River, 1987 and 1994-95.

Description

Page

Table G-9 : Amblema plicata - Threeridge

Table G-10 : Megalonaias nervosa - Washboard

Table G-11 : Quadnila qiiadnila - Mapleleaf

Table G-12 : Quadnda pustulosa - Pimpleback

Table G-13 : Quadnda metanevra - Monkeyface

G-11
G-12
G-13
G-14
G-15

Page G-10

Whitney et al., Unionid Sun-ey - Reach 1 5 UMR

«N<N(N(NfNrvlfStNfS(N(NfNrN(N(N<N(NfN(Nr^

Is

o o o o — — ' — — — ■ — — ■ — ■ — ■ — ' — ' — ' — — ' ——.■—— — — ' —

II

(N«N(NeN(N(NtNm(Nf^(

irommmmmmrocof^

ro — •^ •^ iri ro m (N O r~- On — Tf r~- On ^ 00 O r^ ro CO r^ O t~- iOn t-~- ^ t-~-
r-' CO 00 vo ON rn m' oo ro CN vi' tj-' o r-~' rn — ' (N ro m' r-' m iri vo iri S iri' r~-' —

'^ rr rr TT

r~ On (N (N

-*»sf*5-^»rj\or-ooONO

vo o m m

r- ON CO r^ t^

•^ n -* «/v

15 «^ .fci

X

M

1 00 00
1 1/1 00

ri oo —
O — <v^

-:)• <N (N CO <N (N
OO ON O — (N rs

oo (N ON

<^ '^ -^

O (N 00
m NO ^

pJf^p:!

s i

ON 1 1 1

CO — 1

ON o !

5S i

t~~

:£

' o o

— — —

— — (N (N »N JN

(N tN fN

ra <N fS

JN <N <N

(N '

<n' ' ' '

fN m

<-!<-.

^

; o 00

^ Tj- o

r- ON —

— 00 vo (N r-- o

NO ON 00
VO NO NO

I/-) cs r^
t^ r^ r^

00 ON o

r- 1

?; i i i

ON 00 i

00 On 1

8^^ i

(N

^

_c

^

X

' o o

o o —

— — (N

— (N '

(N

M

! vo o

(^ -"^ VO
<N -^ 00

>/-i NO r^ rf r- NO
tN m ^ r- r~ r--

00 ON r^

ON ON —

00 ON U-l
(N fN (N

TT 00 00
>y^ rj- u-->

r^ 1 j 1

00 1 ! !

oo CO 1

ON ON 1

fS

93

5

' o —

^^ ' ^ ~"

rS (N (N (N (N (N

fN (N (^

m ro m

rn rn m

^

r-i ' ' '

m m

r-i r-i

^

1 r- (N

(N >/^ ro
<N O ^

O m On ON Tf ro
r- t^ (N (N ro r^

NO (N NO
I/', rj- (-M

00 NO t^
r^ rr O

Tj- r-i r-

-O (-4

mill

O CO ;

CO ^ 1

g

4<

— <N

^ O 00
<N d r^

NO 00 — >/-, NO NO

Ti- T3- un ly, 1/-I wn

NO 3 NO

r-i NO r«-i

NO NO NO

ON ON ON
NO NO NO

(N' '

? ■ ' '

{C^ '

r-' oo' '

ro

^

i

"?

^

1 (N ro

O On rr
r^ r- 00

NO 00 >y-i </-! r- CO
r^ ON O i/-! r- o

3 ON NO

J^gS

S O F^

ro ]

§ i i i

^?^ i

^JC i

^

^

' '^ —

On 0-, r-
— (N (N

r-i -^ t^ CO On 00
r-i (^ m m r^ f<-i

On (N (N

m Tf Tf

■^ (^ u-1

'^ TT TT

>/n ON O

5

oo' ' ' '

S o '

O r-) '

NO

&:

£

M

iic^

m NO ro

m NO —

O U-l Tt fN NO NO
(N O r- NO r^ —

NO rr ON
r- o TT

in m (N

— — (N

00 r^ O

r- 1

'^ ! 1 1

00 in 1

r- NO 1

— On 1

— NO r-

r^ r-) Tf

i;;§2S^R

t^ r~- 00

ro f^ (N

00 00 00

ON 00 —
oo 00 ON

S '

r- ' ' '

On

S CO '

On on

O O '

o o

o

in

Tt

c

O (^ OO

■^ 00 On

— r- CO t^ (N 00

U^ rt NO

ro r- (N

ro (N ' — •

— c

— O O O

m — O

— — o

—

Ji?

— »S (^

■* VI vo

r- 00 ^ o — »s

f^ ■* W^

NO r- 00

ON O —

fM r^ •^ l/V NO r-
fs »s fs «s r^ fs

sas

— fs fo

^

5

<

±

61

Om '5

P

—

.c

1 \ociOONr-~^t~->om

1 1 -^

1 m 00 (N — 1

Tj- CS OO 00 tN 1

.^ . , , ,

.2*

1 0> <N 1/-1 00 On >/^ -^ /O

1 I ■=>

] -^ r-i >/^ >0 1

I/O -^ NO On r- I

' ^ i IN

•s

' o ^' — — ' — (N <N ri

' ' r^

' r-i rW rn n' '

1 ^ ... 1

W)

^

1 T3-rviCT>>/^Of^r~^

1 1 00

1 ON OO a\ On ]

NO ON r-> On NO 1

.NO 1 1 1 1

4J

^

j ir^r-ooo— •^mM-

1 1 "^

On 00 O — O 1

1 ^- ] III

■5

■^

' d d d — ' — ' — ■ — ■ —

' ' —

— — r-i ri (N '

' (S ' ' ' '

^

, ^O — '/-1'/^t~-Tj-Ovm

1 1 CN

1 r- O On OJ 1

t~- On LTi t^ t^ 1

.NO ... .

"Sd

1 m 00 <N ^ r-~ vo •<*■ r~-

1 1 <^

j 00 00 On — [

QS f^ „ jy-, _. 1

] m ] III

-«-<

c

' ^ — .' r-4 (N (N rW r-1 rW

' ' TT

' TT •^' rr' tri '

Tj-' Tj- ir-. i/-) iri '

' ITi ' ' ' '

«

J

9J

*3?

.^

. — ^r~r~--'— oo^miA

1 1 (^

, ^ ^ — — ,

o t-~ un i~~ NO ,

1 o , , , ,

a;

fr

1 r-i-^r-imvDCNiJ^r-

1 1 (^J

1 — CC (^ ^ 1

O 00 ro ^. >yo ]

[ ri . 1 ] 1

&£

&£

1 TJ-' (N d r-' cK w-i (N >o'

1 1 r^

! r-' un On — ' 1

d \6 r^' r; ^' '

On 00 On O On

! On' 1 ' ' •

«

"S

CNr^-<3-'^'3- '0v0>0

t^

C« oo 00 On

On

u

X

1

£

J=

, ONOm — vor-^ooON

1 . o

, ON 00 ir-, o ,

NO — ^ ^ NO ,

. t^ 1 1 . .

■£

^

1 r~- r-i ^o vo 00 (^1 r^ o

«

1 — Tj- (-1 "O 1

r- — lyo r- r) 1

. t~~ . ...

J

' m 00 (N vb t~~ vo '^ t~-

1 ! r^

1 00 r- On' o !

ON oo' — tn (N '

1 rr' 1 1 1 1

■^

^— (NCNtNr^r-ir^

•^

TT rr tT >y^

■<3- -r]- iTi m i/"i

lAi

E

M)

J

1 t^-On— r^r-~ii/"j^O^

I 1 >o

a, IT, ^ y/^
j 00 On 00 — 1

^ r- — o CO ,

(N t^ f^ W-) (N I

1 ^ 1 1 1 1

1 TT Kn t~-' r- d <N oo' Tf'

mT3-Ln\or-ONooaN

1 Ig

1 r^' — NO d 1
(N (N (N r2

vo' -- d — — ' 1
c^i rj r-i ^ (^

' ^ '

^^

I^

e

or^c«>j^"^ur, — CN-^

o o ^

O — — r^ ^ C

(N m CN CN — O

O (N O O O O

r^

00

(N uo —

o>

"«

g

— fSfj'itu^vor-QOON

o — ♦sf^'^w^vor-oc

ON O — «S (^ -v

W^ NO t- 00 ON o
fS fS (S fS fS (^

1

fr

. tnoor-rrt^NOON — — (^ooNONOw-i-^
] oocNONOcs'/^r-ON — — cNr^r^r-iT)

1 m
1 ''^

•^ (S o ri o .

r~~ I/O 00 On 00 I

1 1 ^ 1 1 1

■~

' o— — — <N(N(N(Nr^f^r^r^r^r^m

' r~i

r^ m r^ r^ r^ '

X

. r^Lnr^r-Noooooonr~-tniriur, ino
] -rrNONOoor-iTj-'srNor^r-oooooNONCN

1 f^^

wo OO O ^ r- 1
— r^ n r~4 o |

1 1 ^ 1 1 1

&

«

' OOOO— — — —— — —— — — (N

. oinr--(Nror~-Tr-^<NONONr-oooN
1 r^ooinTj-mi/ooo— -^^Nor^-ONONON

1 '^

(N — ri cN cnI '

NO O W-, — NO .

— r) ^ uo tri 1

. . ro . . .
1 1 O 1 1 1

4J

S
1

■ — — — cNr^mm^TTTr^^TT'd-'^

c^lmoO' — ^on— •^— — ooooONmr^'^
. uriNO— t^tnONONONOi/'iCNrJ^OlON

. "^

in U-, ir, W-, lA) '

rJ On r^ (N TT ,

O ro ^O ^ ^ .

. . ^ . . .

oo
1 1 ^ 1 1 1

1 1 g 1 1 1

WD

2

. . — ^ (vj t-^ — r- tT d no On On r^ uo >^ ''O On

(Nro(N'^>/oNor-r-~r^r^oooooooNoo

'g

On 00 ON On On

^

E

, NO'*'Aia\-^ooNr^r--oor-NoooNO
1 ooTj-ONONor-i/or-ir^ONOONNOi/oo

1 r-~

— o r) — r- ,
r-~ r) On ^ wo .

1 1 '~^. 1 1 1

=

1 d NO u-i fs ^ r~-' r-' d ro ■^' r~-' no on on Noi

' r-

Tj- W-, w", r-~ r) ■
wo -"a- W-, wo wo

1 1 00 1 ' 1

E

oi)

s

, r-ONON^r-ioo- 2^o^28!5??l£^^

1 ON 00 t- ro wo -O NO O - ON O q '^. n NO

1 (si vci On — Tt' d t~-' •£> <N ro ON — ^ ^ NO

ro'^r^NoooONONO- — — (N<N(Nr4

iS

I On'

r) ^ t~- — ^

— — rr On r^ 1

— (n' oo' On' — !
ro ro ro ro -^

1 1 «N 1 1 1
1 1 ro 1 1 1

W",

^

o^

e

O — m— rO' — ^ONNO~~NOONr^'/-i — (^IM

o oi

T3- — — (N — O

o o — o o o

^

&r

— fSf^-^w^vor-ooovo — riro'^w^NOt-oo

ON O — M fO -^

IT/ SC 1^ 00 ON O
fS fS (S fS fS fO

f2

■<

^

31

On -a

r

^

1 On O

iON(SCNNOON>nOOONON 1

•«i- 1

1 oo r- 00 NO 1 1

1 ■ On

1 r- 1

1 VO O

1 <-> NO ^. r- 00 00 i^ (N TT ^. 1

m 1

] n r^ m r-i j |

! 1 n

1 f"" 1

' d — ■

1 ^ ^ „ ^ „■ ^' csi (NJ ri (N '

(N '

' CN (N (N (N ' '

' ' (N

' CN '

s

^

1 00 On

ir^oooor-Ttr-ioo(Noooo i

r^ 1

1 ir^ m NO iri 1 1

! ! ^

! rT" 1

^

."i

I ^ NO

|OnOO — CN<Nm-<ti/n«n ]

1 in I/-) NO li^ 1 !

1 1 ^

1 t~- ]

1

^

' d d

1 o — •' — ■ — — ■ — ■ — — ■ ^' — '

'-"

' ,— ^ — — '

^

—

^

,£

«

"Sd

1 ^ NO

iir^O(N>nONONON"^r^(N 1
|nOOnOnO — — -^w^oooo ]

rr- 1

1 <N — — O 1 1

1 1 m

1 m 1

! 00 —

r- 1

j 00 00 o oo 1 ]

1 I °*

j ^- 1

^

' d —

1 „■ ^ ^ c^ c^ c-i <N (N csi <N '

(N '

' (N r^ r-i (N ' '

' ' (N

' rn '

N
'7:

^

, m —

r-Nor-f^'-r^csNO^Tj- ,

, 00 in On <N , ,

1 1 <^

1 ^ ,

V

."!>

1 w^ «ri

1 m o ^ 00 On o m r~- (^ — |

^. i

j m — TT O j [

^.

I ^ 1

M

1 r~-' in'

1 i/~i >— 1 — Tf r-~ r-m iTi ro m 1

ON 1

> d O iri d ' 1

1 1 o

1 d '

c:

4i>

— (N

r^-^TT'^-^-^iri'/^NONO

NO NO NO NO

NO

t^

u

s

S2

<

44

^

, •— ' m

,00— ooroTr(Nr-ooo^ ,

00 ,

, On in 00 NO , ,

1 1 "^

1 ^ r

"S

^

^^

[ NO r^ r<-i NO •<?• — O — , r-J — ]

00 1

1 T]- m — CN j j

^.

1 ■"* 1

"5

:^'^'

' fW r-' r-' On — — ' >/-i NO d d <

00 1

' On On <N On ' '

! 1 ^

1 tt' 1

■^

CN(NfN(Nr^r^mr<-i-<rTr

m

r-, r-1 -^ r-1

(^

-^

S

f

, (N TT

,000—0 — ^0000 ,

^ 1

, (N in 00 On , ,

^

_

M

j NO TT

joomr- — r-r-rii/^ooNO j

^. 1

j NO n m — j j

i i ^.

1 o 1

C

! d o<

1 — oo' 00 cNJ in' i/S m' TT — — 1

o 1

1 ^ _■ ^ ^ , ,

! 1 ^

1 d !

V

(N (N

•rrT3-T3-i/^iniriNONor~-r~-

r-

r~~ r-~ t^ r-

r-

00

00

e

O — m

om'^oomm— (N<No) — O

— o

O — — r-i — O O

o o —

o — o

0^

_„

S^

&?

<— «S fO

•*>/)vor-oooNO — r^f<^-^>/^

NO r^

00 OV o — n fO -^

w^ vo r-

00 ON o

<^j

.— -^ fs n «s fs fs

<S fS fS

«S fS 1^

61

CM (N O (N r-l (N n (N

r~- ON m rj On

(NCNCNr^) 'fN<NCN(N(N<Nr^(N

mmoo , m'^mONOO

O (N — j NO r4 ^ r- Tj- r^

00 d r-' 1 tt' o — d ■^' tt

' — ' r^ r~n mmmmmin

00NO'^t~~r-~m — — ,r~--^

ininmiriO— ooo ir^ON

NO o r- tt o in ri tt ' r-~ rr

inNOmNO^ONONONO NONO

■Tfin , fScNrr^-irioo ,tNoooo— O-^O ,mON

(N-^ j ONr-~— (nnocn jinrooor~-(NinrroN ir--o

in On ' O tT r- 00 d — > r~ on on rf rj (N no m' ■ -rf On

mr*^ ■^•^mmNONO NONONor-r-r~-t~~-t~^ oot~~-

OX) £

O O — — in o

— <«Sf^ Trw^NOt^oooNO

— — r4 O (N

.2f

<N -^ r-

to VO oo
d d d

^ ;g- On
ro -^ W-,

d d d
TT r- o

i/^ VO On

d d d

— O NO

— <-l l/^

— O O O to o
NO OO On O O —

r) o NO

(N (N (N
(N (N <N

— (N ON
Tt r-i tf

H (N <N

NO m, NO

2.51 1.65 2.48

2.77 1.77 2.68

1

S

"Sd

c

1/1 00 in

r- 00 o

§0r:;5^p;0

2^S

S.SS^.SS^.

r~- in <N

r) rj r-i

(N <N <N

in 00 —
rr ri m
CS (N (N

— OO

rsi (N

«

.§

nJ

a>

'S

— — 00
(N Cl O

o 00 r-

— O >J-)

m (N O O NO ly^
On NO CN On O (N

On m o
(N r- rr

(^ NO —
(N On (N

— 00
(N On

1 OO 1 1

1 ^. 1 !

. ITi . . . 1

. O c 1 1 1

2

r^ NO (N
— — (N

oo r^ ON
(N r^ f^

O w^ OO O (N ro
T]- Tt rr ly^ >n >n

NO m r-
m m m

:5S^S

ss

1 m 1 1

NO

1 00 ' 1 1 1

a;

TT 00 O
^ (N -

oo r-~ —

O r<l NO

o NO xr o ^ TT
IT) >/i (N O t-- in

ON ro On
Tl- — —

p-g

On (N

o Td-

i§ i i

1 '^ 1 1 1 1
1 On 1 > 1 1

=

On' ;::; ^

2?]^

r-~ o CNi rr -^ in

<N m r^ r-i r^ r-i

t^ r- 00

m r^ ro

O On (N
■^ m Tf

(N O

1 CN ' '

1 TJ- 1 1 1 1

E

Ml

NO '^ rj

NO On On

§22S

On O (N OO ON NO
— t~- (N On — (N

O in On

NO — OO

t^ ro NO
oj in r-

NO NO

r- ON

1 <^ 1 1

] NO j j

, ^ , , , 1
1 (N 1 11 1

<

C
C

(^ NO (N
— — (N

^ fS fO

ON rr o

(N r-i -^
Tj- t~- CO

r-. ly-) • —

■* w^ so

(N NO On -- PO ^
TT ^ 'J- in m m

t^ 00 ON o — n

r- t^ 00
m m, ir,

On NO rr

f^ ^ vn

r-i o (^

NO NO NO

in 00 -a-
NC r~- 00

NO NO

ON o

1 m 1 1

NO

o — o o

— «N f^ -^
«N «N n «N

1 O 1 1 1 1

o — o o o o

IT) \0 f- 9C as <z>

»N fN <S M <S f<^

s2

o^

O

ex)

NOCNltNt^t^^r^OONOTTONO— OOn

(N-^ooocNmmNOooooON— — m —

1 r) o 00 1 1 1 1 1

jr^r'ifNIIlllllllll

X

OOO— — ———'- — — <N(NtN(N

' <^i CN (N ''''■''''' '

i

NOONNO-^oooONOTTmr-O-^oOror^
— <N in r- 00 00 o — r~] r-4 f^ r-> r^ in •^

i^CNON

\Z:2Z i i i i i i i i i i i

So

CO

c

W)

c

WD

— oor<-iONO(N(N-*<Nr4r--<Tt--r-m

mTj-ooOf^mNOr-ONONO— — mrJ

l^-^NOiill] ]]]]]!

•35

ooo— ' — —— — — — rirNiririri

oo'nONr-iONr-NOr<-i(N — c^OOOnnOtT

Tj-r-r-— (NtNr-NOr-iNO-rrm-^rom

' CN (N ri '

"5
S

X

■5

voOor-cNroONCNr-^NOor-ifioom
— fN<Nf^r'>r^Tr'3--^ininininin

oooo^t^mONT}-.— oooNOr-iNOinr)

— P-,(NNO(Nr^OOO(N(NON— ONf-CM

'0000001111

m m m,

,inoo,

1 mD !^ ON 1 1 1 j ] 1 ] j ] 1 1

^

Tf'r--'rtOO(N(NNOON — (NCNtTtTOONO
— — (N(N(NCNmroromr^r^r-i

■ Nooor-'i '1

(-1 (^ r-i

E

£

M

Q^rs-^mONin cNCNNor-mcN ocn —

,0\— 'r-.,, ,,

j— ONr^j[][j]]j]j|

^

r-~'(N — r-cNr-i— 'Trcooo(N-^inot^
— (NfNr^mTr-^Tr-^minmNOm

\0 <> '^

c^

\o

s

, — i , — ^r^'^'^ONTroomTj-r^-'TrTj-Min
— r^n■<*w^No^-soo^o — f^f^-^i/i

o. — ooooooooooo

Not^oooNO — <NfO'*i/^Nor~-oooNO

(2

D

II

u o

,w .23

o 3

s

^

«n

JD

ij

^

O)

S

t*-

1)

rn

>

S

^

F

^

<i<

3

rr

r~~

e

On

"(i)

C

-o

r (

t

O

8

^

>

1

ex

i

JO

o

j^^

^

g.

X

< t3

(^(N\oroMDOor~-ON^>oor-i/-i— — cpoor~-MD i^ocn^o icnvooo

O O -^ —' — — — — — — CN <N (N (N (N (N CN (N (N tN ' (N CN (^i ' CN fN CN

o o o o ^ <D o — — ' — '■ ^ ■— ' — •' — ' — ' '-' — ■' — --■ — • ^ _' _; ' — — : ^'

O O — ^- ^ — ^ (N (N (N tN CN fN (N <N (N CN (si (N (^i ' CN CN CN ' m ro (^

CN'^^CNONON'v^'^CN^OON^

o ^ ^^ 00 o ^/~i '^ """^ ''^ '"^ '^^ '^^

v'-j-^rsNU'-A"^ CNOO^Ov^r^l — OOCN
OOONOOCNmcNu^t^— O'^ ~

VO r-i On 00 CN O OO O r-- On CNrn iv^ rf 00 ^O OO 00 O O-
^^CNCNr^'^-^mmTr'^Ln'^>Jomi/->v-)ir)iri>OiA

moor-^-NOm — oor~-ooTtONoo-^c~-4cNOt~^>/^
crNr~-cNmcNmooONONO>/~iONm— OvtnONm —
m rj-' ir)\r) On NO 00 00 O O
CNCNCNCNmf^ror-immrorot^mmTr'^

On — NOmND'^CN — O

Ttmrnr^iOTf^or-NOr^ONr^ooNOooONiot--— i/^
ON <N i>^ CN >/-i i/^ CN CN ro O ri 00 -^ in ■^ r~- •^ O ^ — ;
r<-i (N On •— iri r^ O NO m no On O r^ CN 00 Tf' r~- 00 O O
— CNCN'^TtTrTj-i/^inurii/^NONONONDNONDNOr^t-^

r- Tj- NO

•^ On r-i

1 ^^^

CN r^ CN

NO NO NO

1 -rr lAi i/^

NO NO NO

t~- NO 00

r^ NO CN

, CO — —

1 r~- r- —

CN r-> c^)

'^ -^ '^

1 r-> Tj-' LT,

-^ -^ ■^

— lA) NO

00 ON NO

, m r- r-i
1 — NO r-i

r-i uo f<-i
r- r- r-

1 NO r- 00
r- r- r-

« o

3

— — 'Tj-iy-ir^r<-icN>A)t-nr~

-HfNf^-^iriNOt^SCONO

CN •^ (^ CN

Part III.

Calculated morphological shell measurements of

commercial mussel species of various ages from Reach 15

of the Upper Mississippi River.

Description

Page

Table G-14 : Amblema plicata - Threeridge

Table G-15
Table G-16
Table G-17
Table G-18

Megalonaias nervosa - Washboard
Quadnda quadnda - Mapleleaf
Qiiadrula pustulosa - Pimpleback
Quadnda metanevra - Monkeyface

G-17
G-18
G-19
G-20
G-21

Page G-16

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 15 UMR

o o o ^ ^ ^ --' ^ --' rs H H H r^i (N H H H r^' r4 H M r^i ^^^ r^ rs <N r^ r^ r^) r^ r<^ (^ rn

O O O O O '

(N (N <N <N

inoo — Ti-%oooOfS-<3->/^^r-oooNOOO'

O O — ■ —:—'—■ (Ni (N <N rs (N <N <N fN r-i r-i' rW -

m r^ m ro m r^

ooOr<-iONfN''J'ONOOr'^ —

^ 00 -^ On ■^ 00 (N ^ O^ ^~ m iri r-- 00 O

00 On ON
O ^ '^

— r-oor~-r-~ONi/-it-oooi/-iv/^(Nooi/*i'>or^i

. — ^r<-i(N0O — — ON'^t^ON00^rO00mr~~ — •

— '*' r-' C^ (N '*' iri' r~-' oo CK O — ' (N H r^' r^' Tf •

r^r-mvDOOi/-)Ost^Oi/-)-*(Nm — — u^C
v,£)— 'ONONfNONON'^'^oooo-^vOiri— -^^

fN ^ 00 in H r^ (NJ r~- — tt r~- o (N -^ ^ r~ oo on o — — rj r^
^cN(Nr^'^'^mwr)vo^vDr^r-r^r^r~-t^r^oooooooooo

Tt r-i ^ fN — :5 O
o-i (N TJ- O O '^. ^.

^ - , ^ , - . . V , so o< j:^' ^'

cocoooooooCnOnOnOnOO

m ^ r~- ON

MPO'^»r)vor-oooNO

1

r-i — ^
f^ VO 00
O O O

^D \0 Tt
(N Tt vO

o o o

§.--.

r- r<-) r--

^. °°. '^.

ON o o
O r^ m

(N (N (N

00 1/-1 —
TT <^ NO

oo VO fN
fO -^ m,

oi r4 <N

NO O r^

VO r- t^

(N oj cm'

VO CO o
r-~ f- 00

O m m,

r- r- r-

M fsi (N

— (N (^

00 00 oo^

CO O fN
t^ CO CO
fN' fN fN

Tj- mi VO

00 00^ 00

fN fN fN fN fN m m CO fO r^

t^CTv^f^voOTj-OvOr^
OO CO 0\ 0\ ON O O — — CNl

{

— -vD ON

00 ON q

— — o

(N r^ Tj-

&

^ O (N
r-i r- O

— 00 ro
m m 00

m m Tj-

O fN T3-

O m ON
NO r^ 00

— — o

O — (N

00 VO (N
(N rn '^

t^ fN r--

■^ m mi

— TJ- 00

NO NO NO

— moOfNt^fNoOTt — O

r-i^r-oooooNONO — fN

^2

o o —

(N (N (N

(N (N fN

r^ r-i (^

r-1 r'l r-1

r^ ro r-)

(^ m r^

c^r-ir-ir^rof-imTtrfT

1
1

^

r~. <N 00

r-, ^ «3

ON r- V-N

^^§

<N--ND

— ON f^

mS§

^?;S

^5:^5^

r^ NO mi
mi — r--

NOr-it~-— ON-rrr-fN — t^
mor^Nomr-ONO'a-T]-

ii

°°:^?^

r- ro CO
r^ m r^

(N VO ON
■^ ^ 'd-

ni m 00
m mi mi

NO NO VO

mi VO r~

NO NO NO

§SS

t^ F^ r^

fNmr^^mNOOOON — r^.

r-t^t^r^t^t^r~(^ooco

£

ON fN OO
•^ VD <N

ON CO VO

■<T (N NO

^P^S

VO o 00

VO Tt 00

ziss

O mi ON

r- (N NO

rr fN NO

O r-i mi

00 o NO
r~- o fN

r-m^^-mi — mioomfNON
mONrtOOOr-OOfNOOND"

E

=

^

^o-;£

o rr r-

fN tN «N

O r-1 in

r- ON o
(^ m '^

(N r-^ '^
'^ -^ -^

Tf mi mi
^ ^ Tf

NO NO NO

'S- ^ TT

NO r- r^
■^ -"^ ^

r^r-oooNONO — ro-^NO

■^■^■^■^■^mimimimimi

1

1

J

TJ- O 00

Soooo,

ri ^ —

m — Tj-

o r-- m
— rs ON

r~- m f^

— ON f^

^§t?

fN -^ fO
■^ (N 00

Tl- oo 00

fN Tj- m

ON fN —
mi mi -^

ONOOfNmir-~TfOC--f;ON
fN — oJmiONNO^m,

ONt-~ir, r^O^O(Nr-~— ^ONm

^^«

(-n m. NO
00 CC 00

00 ON O — fN ro

00 00 ON ON C^ ON

Tj-' mi NO t< 00 ON g fN ^ NO

C5

II

— fS f)

■* W^vO

r- 00 ON

o — »s

PO TT 1/)

NO t^ 00

2:g^

fS fi -T
fS »S »S

w^vor-oooNO — »srn-v

« .-a

« -a

>^ ON (N li^ 00 -- r-i W-, r-~ CO o -- rsi f^ r^ -^ i/-^. >^. ^. ^. f^. f-~. t^. <», °°. t^^ <^. P ^. <^*

r^ i/~) r-- oo

rnTrm>Ai\or~r~oocioONO\CN

tN(N(N<N(N(N (N(N(N (N(NCN

r- ?^ CO r^ S o f^ >o 00 o r) ^ w-> \o r- oo On o o -- -- r-i <^ r^ TT "^ MD r~. CO o

(N (N m ro m

■q- Tj- TT rr

ONr--f^r^--o^ONr-Tr(NooTt>^Ttr-r-0;NOrsr^--riON-ooog:^P^g

C~- O i/^ CN CN >/^ ■-■ -- NO^ -- -- 00 -- -- 00 r^ ^ 00 On On ON ON On •— -^ ON r-. (^. '-J.

tt -^^ <N d t^' <-i On' Tt oo' (N ^' o< — Tf' vb r-' on' d — r i r^ ^' u-; ;o oo ON o g g ^

■— CSf^'^-*>/^>^^^r^l~^f~~«500'>=°0'>'ONONO\ONOvONONONON0222

ONaN>^r-o«/^Tro«j^(N<NoornooNOONO--;2-r^NOON^cNr--or^O(N|-.
5^ \0 rn u^ Tt 00 On t~~ -- r^ r-l 00 r^ iri ^o u^ ^ -- r-- r^ s« n C^ ij^. -- On 1-- t-- 1^^
no' f^' 00 m' NO ON r-i iri 00 d H (^ >J^ ^' K 00 On' d o _- -- r-i H (^ TT 'J i^ NO J-- ON

-r.f^^.A^«r^occ^o--JS23:f2i2i:22SMp3;^^;^J5Pi?5?i^

•s

X

oo\cscsNor---^r~r--TrooooNr-rnONrnNOON(Nir)cocNco^tS(N^ONNO
CN NO -"-J in 00 -- 4 NO 00 O -- r^ rn_ '^ w^. "/-^ MD^. ^, ^^ =«. =«. On "O — (N r") w,
O o — ' ^ — ' (N CN (N C~) r'i rW rW rW r^' r^ rn (^ r^ r<-i rW ri' r^' ro r^ r-i -^ •<?■ -^ ^ -^

4J

.a

1

■g

t^iAiOoir-iONOON — — or-r-ioo — >j^t~-ON— rir-iwir-ON— -i/^onttooo

Or^NOOOOCNrnTrNOr-OOOOONONOOOO— — ——' — — CNC^i*^)!^"^. '^.

d d d d — — '- — —— — —' — — <^J (N (N ri cn (N oi ri (N ri rsi n r) cn ri r-j

c

ONNONOoeoor^cou-^ONOo^oooNco^fNicor^ON'Aifs-— •— ;^ONr-Ov>A)i^
r^ o NO (N NO ■=- 'd- r- o c^j '^r NO t-- 00 On o -- -- rj (N r^^ in ^. r- 00 o <N LT, 00
0^^(si(Nf^rrir^Tr'Tr^'Trrr^^'iriiiOinin>A,ir.«joi/^ir,ini/-.NONONOvO

J

'S

X

^r^NooNONom'^ovON — =«=«2?^<='!^r£2=^':;'^:£2::i£S^2g

o ^ in '^ <^ o 00 t^ r- o r- r- — — r^ o — - On r~- ■* — o ^ '^ "" ~: "^^ f^^ ~, °°.
tr{ r~-' oo' 00 r-' m' -- r- <n r-' d r^ no oo' on' -- <n H r^ ^' -r^' no t^' oo g g g ^ — >^

"^^fvjr^TfLnvONor-t^oooooooooooNONONONONONONONONOoSSz:;!!

E

1

c

^f^r-ir^ — — ^<^)— t--TrNONOONoor~~ONONONOor~-— m, (Nr^-^in^^o
SSSf^ONOm^ONONTrS^ON ONir>oinoor-ii/-iO«^. cso-^. oo

4

c^

C8

-nn^.^^.-oc^o--rj22^:£!::22:s;:P3;:i^;c]j5P^S?^S

00 >,

^ 'S

r^ O lo
rr r^ a\

t^ r- TT

— ro w-i

O m m

t^ 00 On

>/^ m o

O — <N

NO — •^

(N m m

r- ON —
(^ m -"^r

CN ro -^
Tl- ^ ^

ir> NO r~-
■<3- -^ ■^

ON CN m
Tj- «n in

IT) NO r~

o o o

Tj- O in
m w-> \o

d d d

ts ts cs

Tl- On (^
f^ m TJ-

(N (N (N

r- o (N

Tj- iri ly-i

CN (N (S

■^ NO r-
I/-) m in

CN (N <N

r^ 00 oo

iri iy-> in

CN CN CN

ON ON O

m in NO

CN CN CN
— CN m

VO NO NO

CN CN CN

NO NO r-~_

1

.E

^.^,o

<N O t^
-. <^. '^.

2

1

^

^S^

r^ ON CTs
(^ 1/-1 t^

t^ r^ NO
On — (S

00 00 r-

m TJ- w^

"5 O Tj-

NO r~ r-

r-~ 00 CO

1/-1 NO r-

CO CO CO

00 On -^
OO CO On

On On On

8S2

o o —

^ ^ ^

— (N <N

<N <N (S

CN <N (N

CN CN CN

CN CN CN

CN CN CN

CN CN CN

ro m m

J

^

s?s^

f:?S

— m 00

— V^ Tf

— ■'T (S

O — On

00 NO ON

f^ m -"a-

— NO t~-

CN r- —

00 r^ >ri
T3- r- o

00 NO CN

— rr 00

O r-i NO
ro ON r-~

CN (^ NO

00 — r~-

'Z

X

2!::?;

ON -^ On
<N r^ n

(^ NO ON
■^ -^ -^

(N TT «/-^
i/~) KT) W-)

r- 00 On

NO NO NO

— — — CN CN (^1

NO NO NO NO NO NO

m r^ Tj-

NO NO NO

iri r- 00

NO NO NO

1

.£
^

„ ^ —

in r- ^

r- NO (N

O - Ov

m 00 (^
r-i -"^ m

(N r- o

ON (N ^

■<i- o o
en — r-

00 ^ O
— l/^ 00

O ^ NO
O — (N

NO OO T^

<-l Td- NO

■^ CN O

00 — m

O r-1 CN

o NO -"r

F

^

00 (S -o

O r-i in
CN (N (N

oo O (N
(N r-i f^

m >r) NO
r^ tn m

r- 00 00
m r<^ r-i

On On On
r-i r^ n

o o o
-^ -^ -^

o o o
■^ -^ -^

o — —
"^ rr ^

CN CN Cl

•^ -^ TT

^
M

iri r4 vo

^O 'S- ■^

s;^?;

On in ^

o o m

On in — ■
'^ O CN

— On ON
O ^ NO

m ON NO
NO r-i CJN

On (-1 O

r^ r-- o

1/-1 — CN

CN >n 00

CN -^ (N

CN r- -"^

0\ O 00

CN Tf r~

00

C
,1

f^ — 00
-- CS (N

?;?^

o -"i- t--

m 1/-1 ly-i

O r^ in

NO NO NO

r~- 00 On

NO NO NO

O ^ —

r-~ r- r~-

CN CN r^

r- r~- r-

m r-i m
r- r~- r-

rj- Tt 1/-1

r- r- r~-

NO r- OO
r- r- r--

&)
^

?
>>

— «S f^

•^ tr) \o

r- 90 o^

O — M

f^ •^ u^

so r- «e

ON O —

CN fO -^
CN «S CN

w^ NO r-

CN CN CN

00 ©N o
»S CN en

Ml £

CNCNCNCNCNCNCNCNCNCNCNCNfNCNCNCNCNCNCNmr^

o o o o o

(N CN m r^ -^ m
CN CN CN CN CN CN CN CN CN CN CN r^ m m m ro ro rn f^ ro rW rn

O'^r^t^ — CNCNr-CN— OOONOOONr-r^r^Or^NOTf

oNOinNO^-ON— r--ONNOoor~-mNor^NOTr— r-"-^

t^' tT .— r--- rn r~- CN in 00 ^- rn in r-~ OO ON d ^ CN CN r^ Tj- tT in NO 00 On •— rn NO ON

— cNCNr«-iro'^TtTru-)>/-)iomiAimNONONONONONONONONONONor^r-r-~r~-

t~- m o 00 r- 00

TTm NO 00 On— m NO On

■ lAi 00 On O ON

' r~- NO On r-~ 00

— TtOCNm— inoONNO>/^oo— NONOr~-ooONm'^NOCNNOcNr^roinro^-
ri^ ■^ O O in NO CN in rn On (N CN ^- r~- CN NO O rn in ON rn 00 in r-i -^ r-- rn CN in CN
vo '-' ^ d m NO On— m' rf' NO r- 00 00 os os d d d d ^ — cn m -rr m' r- o\ — ■ ■^

--— CNCNCNCNmmmr^r'-ir-ir-ir^f^-rr-rrTr'^'^-^Tr'^'^-^-^-^inin

m— Om — o-^oomNOt'-ONin
>n On CN rr r- o r^ r- m O On o ■^

O r~ Tf O NO 1— I m On r^ no On CN ^t NO 00 d CN rW ■^ NO t-~- 00 d ^ CN •* NO r- d CN

— -^cNmmTfTj-TtmmmNONONONor-r-t^r^r-t~~r-oooooooocooooNON

r) fN r-i (N r^ r-) (N <N rJ (N (N cN <N c-4 rj r4 CI (N (N (N

o o o o o

o o o — • — — — -— — (N (N r~i (N r-4 oj oj ri <n cj cn rj rN (n oj ci (N r-4 ri ri m

r--.' r-i vo ov (N >r-i r-' cK — ro ■^ ^o r-^ c<d od cK o o —• — ■ — (N (n r^ -^ -^ i/S >o t~~- 0\

^ 00 rf c^' •^' od (N >/S 00 — ' ro iri r~- 00 On O — H oj m -^ >r-> ^ r^ OO cK •— (^ >/"i 00

OX) 2

0-1

(N(NMCNCN<N(NCN <Nd(N(N(N(N (NCN(SCNrJ<N

.= g

irimmONmiri»/^'^r)oor^jr~-Om>/~i>OooON— rJ-^t^O-^ONi/^i^ncNcN-^

— mi/~iVOOOONO — OOmr<-i■Tr■^'d"•^■^■^>^l^'"|'^l'^^'v0^t^OOO^O^-
0 O O O O O — ' — ' — — — — ' — ' — ' — — — '' ————— — — — ■ — ■ — .' — -■ — (N (N

O On O n

On On m ON

r-J CN (N M M r-) M Ol O O 04 (N (N m r-1 r^ m ro rn

\r^— r~-ONOrO— OnOn^C) — ^(NO^r4tN00\0r-\O^— -^r-vOr-itN^O

ofNNOTrr--r^'rroNOt~~ooNTrr~-r^TrO'^\oooONO— r-imoor^ooNO
vri m Ov in O w-i On (N MO 00 — <N ■rr m' \o r-~ od od od od od on' on on o^ on o •— — m

i/-)Os\0000'^\OOnvO— ONr-J'<5-0(N'/-imoO\OONC4 000-^— t~-Tj-r~Om

00 ON ''^. '^. -~ ^ r~~ c^ oo TT ^ r~- U-. (N t^ -— iri 00 c) NO r-4 00 t~~ r~. o iri ■^ vo r-i m
CO 00 (^ f^ ^~ "^ 'nO od o CN m ■^ lA,' »o MD r- r- r-~ od od on On o — m ■^ no od — tt

go

c N
o 'K

5 -°

O Ph

E Ei

.2f

TT o ro r^ C4 00

•^ r~ ON — r^ ■*

r^ NO oo
NO r- 00

^.o2.

o m o tt r- --

CN CN r^ r^ m ■T

(-1 NO ON

•^ ■^ -^

--.",

CN r-- CN

VO NO t-

g^S^

C~-i CN CN CN CN CN

r~- o r-i NO 00 o
TT m m m m NO

CN CN CN

rsi rsi rsi

CN CN CN

CN CN CN

C8

1

^ 00 r^ r-~ On o
r^ •«?• vO r- 00 o

S2jq.

(N 00 m

r-1 r-i xr

CN m m r~- ON — '

NO NO NO NO NO r-

P^.g

«.«.^.

o o o o o —

C9

On -^ r~ t^ vo n

VO On — m >^ t^

ssss

^ '^ <N
CN r^ -^

C7\ m — m On r-i
TT m NO NO NO r-

NO O CN

r~ r- 00

00 00 CTs

S^^S^.::).2^. 1

^

o o — ■ — " ^ — ■

— ' rj cN cN rj (N cN (N rs (N cn ri

CN CN CN

CN CN (N

CN CN r~i

r^ (^ m

2

1

(y^ 0\ <N 00 O —

(N vo 1/-1 r~ >r^ r-

m >0 iv-i

tt r- NO

00 r- in
^ r^ CN

t~~ m ro m CN O
00 CN -^ rr f^ — ;

— cTs r--
00 ^ —

00 NO '^
00 NO >n

NO m -^
in r- —

r- NO r-~

r- NO 00

1

X

^ r-' rW 00 f^' t-~^

^ — (N (N r-) P-1

-^ ■^ -^

O CN rf

m' r-' oo' ON o '-'
m m m m NO NO

— CN CI m TT m

NO NO NO NO NO NO

NO K On

NO NO NO

d CN '^'

r- r- t--

(^ r^ ^ O On \0
(js (N O lAi iy-> r^

^ 00 00

00 ON 00

m r~- o
m ON c^4

un <n CN r- rj- r^

CN — On m — NO

00 — r»^

O >n ON

00 r~- CN

r^ 00 tT

NO O 00

o 00 NO

— r-i CN

r~- ON ro

E
E

r- o t-- cN 00 NO

in On no On NO On

(N <N !^

— wr> O
00 (N rl

rW ■^' NO
m r^ (^

— ON r-
O m -^

r~-' 00 oo' ON o o
m m m r-i T3- TT

00 >0 r-i — uo NO
CN 00 (N Tf TT m

■^ -^ TT
r- C^l ro

^ ON NO

CN CN ri

^ -^ -^

r-i >n CN

r^ O 00

r- (N o

NO NO r-

NO r-' a\

rt ^ ^

in On m

ON m O

c

r~~ m On '^ On m

-^ CN cs (^ m -^

r~' — rr

rr lAi in

r- on' — '
m m NO

rn -^ no' t^' oo' On
NO NO NO NO NO NO

d d —
r-~ r- r~-

CN m r*^
r^ t^ r-

Tj-' in NO
r- r- r-

t— ' ON — '

r- r- 00

<

— «S f<^ ■^ 1/^ NO

r- 00 On

O — CN

'^ 2 ''^ S ^ 2

2S?;

«s n -t

CN CN CS

1/2 NO r^

CN CN CN

00 On O
CN CN CO

a" '2

On :3

u S

Part IV.

Growth curves for commercial mussel species from Reach 15
of the Upper Mississippi River, 1987 and 1994-95.

Description

Page

Figure G-1
Figure G-2
Figure G-3
Figure G-4
Figure G-5

Amblema plicata - Threeridge
Megalonaias nervosa - Washboard
Quadnda quadnda - Mapleleaf
Quadnda piistulosa - Pimpleback
Quadrula metanevra - Monkeyface

G-23
G-24
G-25
G-26

G-27

Page G-22

Whitney et al., Unionid Sunev - Reach 15 UMR

Figure G-1. Growth curves based on the average observed size at age (Table G-5) of Amblema plicata
collected from Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River in (a) 1994-95 and (b) 1987. All
growth curves were best described by a polynomial regression formula (Table GA).^
Coefficient of determination (r=) values for each growth curve are listed. Minimum commercial
shell height (Dlinois) and average age at sexual maturity (Table G-2) are also shown.

I ' ' ' I ' ' ' I ' ' ' I
8 12 16 20 24

Estimated age (yrs.)

110

Length (r^ = 0.9904); ••5- Height (r^ = 0.9908); \ Width (r^ = 0.9908)

T

12 16 20 24

Estimated age (yrs.)

Page G-23

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 15 UMR

Figure G-2. Growth curves based on the average observed size at age (Table G-6) ofMegalotiaias nen'osa
collected from Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River in (a) 1994-95 and (b) 1987. All
growth curves were best described by a polynomial regression formula (Table G^).
Coefficient of determination (r-) values for each growth curve are listed. Minimum commercial*"
shell height (Illinois) and average age at sexual maturity (Table G-2) are also shown.

-J-Length (e = 0.9817); "q Height (r^ = 0.9752);

V Width (1^ = 0.9518)

loU "

^^

(a) 1994-95

140 -

-^^-f"^''^^

-

120-
100-

^^•-r^""*^^

Minimum size limit ^^^'

--0

•/ ^^^.^..

■

80 -

■

yn

A ^'

60 -

40-

in -

_ ---'

-

7 p -^ ■.■^■

Avg. age at maturity

_

20 -
0-

•

— ^ , , r-^ r—r—

/

— ' 1 r-j— r-T— r ■, r , , , , , i

1 , < , 1 , < , 1 , <

5 =

8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36

Estimated age (yrs.)

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

"5"Lengtli (r^ = 0.9830); "q Height (r' = 0.9845); \ Width (r' = 0.9851)

: (b)1987

■

^^^,,...,— -""^

.^

; Minimum size limit ^^'''""^

\^ .o..^^ •^O^*"^'

.•V

/^n

'

/ ,^^

- -'V - •

.. ■

A^.-'*

Avg. age at maturity

_

" '' >'

1 s r— p-T 1 ^

/

"" ' ' 1 ' ' ' 1 ' ' ' 1 ' ' ^' "I

6

(/)

»■

fp

5

3

rft

&s

4

■^

«

3

3

3

(■^

W3

2

^

3

rj

3-

1

12 16 20 24

Estimated age (yrs.)

Page G-24

Whitney et al., Unionid Sunev - Reach 15 UMR

28

32

36

Figure G-3. Growth curves based on the average observed size at age (Table G-7) o^Quadrula quadrula
collected from Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River in (a) 1994-95 and (b) 1987. All
growth curves were best described by a polynomial regression formula (Table G^).
Coefficient of determination (r-) values for each growth curve are listed. Minimum commercial '
shell height (Illinois) and average age at sexual maturity (Table G-2) are also shown.

8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36

Estimated age (yrs.)

Length (r^ = 0.9762); -o* Height (r^ = 0.9596); V Width (r^ = 0.9724)

8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36

Estimated age (yrs.)

Page G-25

Whitney et al., Unionid Suney - Reach 15 UMR

Figure G-4. Growth curves based on the average observed size at age (Table G-8) o^ Qiiadnila pustulosa
collected from Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River in (a) 1994-95 and (b) 1987. All
growth curves were best described by a polynomial regression formula (Table G-4).
Coefficient of determination (r^) values for each growth curve are listed. Minimum commercial '
shell height (Illinois) and average age at sexual maturity (Table G-2) are also shown.

110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

-J-Length (1^ = 0.9930); -q' Height (r^ = 0.9927); \ Width (i^= 0.9904)

(a) 1994-95

■

Minimum size limit

-

3^

^ «r^r^

-^-«t5W*^*^'

'&'

.

,

r*^

%^

yC

::...■'■---'-

■• -

•

-

-

Avg. age at maturity

'''!'''!'''

''!''' r r ' T yT T T J T T T

8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36

Estimated age (yrs.)

Length (r^ = 0.9951); •5' Height (r^ = 0.9940); V Width (r^ = 0.9937)

8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36

Estimated age (yrs.)

Page G-26

Whitney et al.. Unionid Sunev - Reach 15 UMR

Figure G-5. Growth curves based on the average observed size at age (Table G-9) of Quadrula metanevra
collected from Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River in 1987. All growth curves were best
described by a polynomial regression formula (Table G^). Coefficient of determination (r^)
values for each growth curve are listed. Minimum commercial shell height (Dlinois) and average
age at sexual maturity (Table G-2) are also shown.

3
C/5

Length (r^ = 0.9737); "q Height (r^ = 0.9705); V Width (r^ = 0.9725)

T

8 12 16 20 24

Estimated age (yrs.)

Page G-27

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 15 UMR

Appendix H

Zebra Mussels {Dreissena polymorphd)

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River

Appendix H

Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi Ri>er

Description

Page

Table H-1 : Summary of quantitative sampling for zebra mussels at

three sites in Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River,
1994-95.

H-2

Figure H-1 : Length frequency histograms of zebra mussels collected at H-3

Illinivvek study site (RM 492.4), 1994-95.

Table H-2 : Population size structure of zebra mussels collected at H-4

Illiniwek study site (RM 492.4), 1994-95.

Figure H-2 : Zebra mussel infestation of native unionids at two sites in H-5

Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River, 1994-95.

Table H-3 : Zebra mussel infestation of native mussel species at Sylvan

Slough study site (RM 485.8), 1994-95.

H-6

Table H-4 : Zebra mussel infestation of native mussel species at

llhniwek study site (RM 492.4), 1994-95.

H-7

Page H-1

Whitnev et al , Unionid Sun'ev - Reach 1 5 UMR

Table H-1. Summary of quantitative sampling for zebra mussels at three sites in Reach 15 of the Upper
Mississippi River, 1994-95.

Quantitativ

e Samples

Zebra

mussel density (#/m^)

Site / Date

No.

Size (m^)

Mean

Std.Dev.

Range

Sylvan Slough (RM 485.8)

22 July 1994

72

0.25

0.6

1.4

0-4

12 July 1995

12

0.625

426.0

263.3

56 - 992

Case-IH (RM 488.5)

20 July 1994

50

0.25

1.2

2.9

0-12

15 August 1994

22

0.25

34.2

33.8

0-128

Illiniwek (RM 492.4)

22 July 1994

40

0.25

1.7

2.7

0-8

17 August 1994

22

0.25

36.7

24.5

0-88

11 July 1995

12

0.625

2518.7

730.5

1344-3728

Page H-2

Whitnev et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 1 5 UMR

Figure H-1. Length frequency histograms of zebra mussels collected at Dliniwek site (RM 492.4) in
Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River from July 1994 through September 1995.
Data used to generate these histograms is presented in Table H-2.

Length Interval (mm)

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35

35
30
25-
20-
15
10

5

0
30 i
25
20
15
10

5-

0
30-t
25
20-
15-
10

5

0
30
25
20
15
10

5

0
30
25
20
15
10

5-

0

22 July 1994

17 August 1994

rff^ RS^^^»-

01 December 1994

11 Julxl995

26 September 199^^

__.^^Hi|Wn»iqi|Hi

9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35

Length Interval (mm)
Page H-3

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 15 UMR

1

o o o rr oo o

m m-o

ooovs— Tj-r^oor-JO

r^r-)0\oou-iaNavONC>avOOOooo

1

o o o r- oo i/^

o >n v-|

ciir, o^^O^«/-^mooo

u-lSOv^OO— (N<N«i-i(N'i-iOOOOOO

"«

O O O O O r^'

sd oo' cK

ro rsi r-~' r-i rg r^ od oo' x-i

rW — o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

1

^

^

_c

o o o o o o

o r^ o

O — n-jrjsovsocsoso

oorfr--Trr-'S-oc — — Tfr--Trr-ooco

1

^

i

ooo ooo

0(-,0

O r-J '* O so vO (N oc o

>nr--r^r-r'ir-Tr — — t^r^t^r<-)OOOC;

o o o o o o

o o o

O r-i •^' '*■' O O rW oo Tf

r^' o o o o o — — — ' o o o o o o o o

"Sd
c

t^

IT)

1 1

!«

^

o oo 00 "/^ 00 ce

r- r-- lo

oc«r-iinr^oooot--CNO

^_-^-O^^C^00OOOOOOOOOO

i

"Z

o >/-i >/-^ r~- u-i 1/-,

— _ r^

>/-, r- 1^ CN w^ i/^i — — p-i

^--r', r^J-^O-^^OOOOOOOOOC

?

1

o o o — ■ o o

— ' — 1 — '

O — — (^' o o — ' oo' cs'

— — so' «y-; so' ^' O O O O O O O O O O C

s
B

N

O

i'

o o o o o o

ov c^ 00

r^l"*oo(Nr<^^oooo^O

ooooooooooooooooc

§

E

oo o o o o

o rr'3-

Ttr^r^oOf<ias->s--<j->/-i

OOOU-iOOu-, OOOOOn-noOOC

o o o o o o

o — rsi

oo' o — ' r-' r-' •o (N — o

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

«

f

o o o o o o

O — OOroOOOOOOvooCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

o
o

<-

ooooooo^ocwnoooooor^-oooococoocoooooocoooooo

»N

o o o o o o o o' >/S

roOOOOOO— ;«-)

Oiriiy^Ov-iOOOOO^r-iOOOOCO

r^

(N

rsi —

■ — '

J= 1

s

"i

ll

— »S <^ ■>* W", vo

r~-ooo\0 — (Ni^-^u^sor-ec

0^0— rAi^-^iTiSOr-ooosO— «MfO-^ir,

?

It

ON r.

w,

a;

ON

1

ooou-isor^— oovy-,— u-,oounO'*t--o^'* — Tfoo — r^r-j'^r-i-^oooooo

©
00

o

— "*i/-isoaNOC^ — (--)(--) 1/-, sor^r-j —

c

._

^

1

OOOOOOO — OOsOtNOOsDsOsOrf— r-(vj— (N — <N^r<-ir<->(N — (N— OOOO

OX)

— ■ r^ <r-| w, m (N —

c

r^

.2

~-

•TT

0\

1

O — — m — — rsifNr^— r^r^io — — r^T(-soCNC3Nocso — l^— OOOOOOOOOO

r-

i

_ 1 ^ __ (-sj (VJ 1

E

~

«

. ,

i

oooooor-4r<iinr-^(^Trso>nTt«/^m— OOO — OO— 'Ooooo— — OOO

s

N

— r^-^ m m —

O

i

d

1

(H

ooooooo>/-i— ^oooooor^— o — — o — ooooo — oooooo

I^

r-^

!«

5 «^

e* ^?

— »Hf^-*i/^soi^wo\0 — fSfOTtinsor-oooso— «sr<^Tru-jsor-oooNO— r^rotiA,

S ii E

— .— —— — —— — — — r^r^r^r^r4r^r^«Mr^Mroror<ir<ir-)'^

H

-> ^^

Figure H-2. Zebra mussel infestation of native unionids at two sites in Reach 15 of the Upper
Mississippi River from July 1994 through September 1995. (a) % Infestation refers to
the number of unionids with one or more attached zebra mussels, (b) Degree of
Infestation refers to the number of attached zebra mussels on each unionid.

July
•94

\ug. Dec. July
'94 -94 '95

Sampling Date

%'^'

Page H-5

Whitney et al., Unionid Survey - Reach 1 5 UMR

»/1

On

1

O

o

CTs

fN

0

fS

ON

ro

0

0 0

0

m

0

r^4
rsi

0

0

0

^—^

_-o

«J

c o

.2 "c

Q.

ei)

o

tN

o

r~-

0

0

0

0

0

0

f^

0

0 0

^

0

0

rsi

r-

0

•iO

r-

0

o\

>

o

m

o

r-j

0

0

0

>/",

p

0 0

0

0

r^

NO^

0

0

p

0

<s

o

—

o

—

r^'

0

0

0

r-i

'rf

0

0

0 0

0

r-i

0

—

—

0

0

—

0

-^

*S 3

« —

iZ VI

E

e 2

o

!2

o

in

0

0

0

■.£>

0

"*

VO

0

2 0

-

^

0

OC

~

-

-

NO

0

»n

M 3

_>.

ok

>

^

(N

o

m

0

0

0

^

0

^

^

0

^ Q

0

u-i

(^

ON

Tf

^

_

0

0

22

o «

3

o

\o

o

r-

0

0

0

lO

0

r-

^.

0

m 0

0

r-

P

P

0

ON

0

0

aj

o

^^i

o

0

0

0

0

0

0

(N

— i

0

rr' 0

— ■'

—

r^

0

r^

— '

0

0

0

^

l! -^

M S

?

E

o

-

o

-

0

0

0

0

0

-

0

0

0 0

0

-

0

-

0

0

0

0

0

-

d

^

o

o

0

0

0

0

0

(--)

^

0

0 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

^

^

o

o

o

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

o

o

o

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

6

in

o

ON

o

0

0

0

0

0

0

■■£>

0

0 0

0

0

0

•^

^

0

r^

^

0

^

1

o

o

0

0

0

0

0

0

iri

0

c5

0

0 0

0

0

0

■^

0

NO

oc'

0

d

e

c^

-2

u^

VI

0\

o

_<

o

r^

0

0

0

on

0

r-

^

0

r- 0

0

r^

r^

in

—

0

r-j

^-

0

00

«2

C

\

o

oc

o

^

0

0

0

rn

0

^

oc

NO

0

^ 0

§

oc'

"*

OC

§

—

On'

0

d

"^

S

s

o^

o

1/-1

o

00

0

0

0

0

0

<N

0

0

0 0

0

0

0

0
0

0

0

0

0

0

*^i

_>.

o

r-

o

0

0

0

0

0

0

r-

0

0

0 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

d

-^

VI

■o

1

o

t--

o

0

-

-

0

^

^

r.

(N

0

— 0

0

0

-

oc

0^

0

NO

m,
m,

-

V

J^

u

o

u^

o<

r^

o

0

r^

ITi

NO

10

0

m 0

fN

m

^

OC

r^

rs|

^

i: 0

i:«

>>

m

VO

—

m

""

2

(N

oc

ON

^ ^

■o

3

"^

*C

O

Tj-

^

i

^

r^

rN

oc

r-4

'

"*

(N

^

00
ITl

r-

"

NO TT

r^i

0

wo

mi

0

r-4

B

r-l

SH

1

1
1

s
i

t

1

5

11

11

11

"I s

II

1

1

g .2
11

ll

^-2

ll

^1

60

1

^
0

III

-S -S -S

ill

1

1
1

i

1
1

s

i2 1

—

r^-

m

^'

^

^o

^'

00

on'

0

=

r-i

r>-i '^'

lO

NO

-

00

ON

0

(N

r-4

W)-2

0\

E

o

rn

o

o

-

r.

o.

^

o

o

o

1^.

2

o

o

o

s

o

-

p:

VD

^

r^.

2

o

ii

»v

o

o

o

o

VO

^

m

o

o

(-;

o

o

r-

o

o

o

8

o

o

as

r'l

r<-i

9

8

o

,— (

Cl.

o

o

o

o

o

o

ro

o

o

o

o

vn

r~

o

o

c

c

r~

oc

m

o

'^.

o

v-i

o

o

(N

--

-

o

o

o

o

vo'

-■

o

o

o

o

o

o

H

(N

VO'

d

(N

^

ri

!2

HI

a

r^

^

r-

o

fS

Kn

^

o

o

■^

o

o

o

o

o

in

o

o

r-i

>n

r^

o

s

o

><o

'c

T^

E

"

—

—

~

~

"

""

M-i

t

DJD

r-1

8

8

5

r^

5

8

8

o

8

r2

^

8

8

8

88

OC

8

8

£^

8

00

^ 3

-s

_■

(N

o

o

^

<N

o

o

o

o

o

_■

^

o

o

o

r^

d

o

^

f'

d

d

d

d

^

^^

,„

I

1

o

r.

o

o

-

o

o

o

o

o

r.

<N

-

o

o

o

o

o

o

•^

-

o

o

04

o

•^

i

.

Q

r^

o

o

uo

o

o

o

o

8

r~

rn

00

o

o

o

o

8

o

r^

(N

8

o

o

o

r-

ll

r

o

m

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

m

o

o

o

o

o

o

(N

fN

c

1-H

Q

o

O

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

d

d

d

d

d

d

d

d

o

TT

^

s^

o

^

o

o

■^

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

ve

i

8

O

8

8

o

8888

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

s

<

^

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

d

d

d

d

d

d

d

d

d

d

■^

X

.^

1

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

^

o

•*

1^

8

§

8

8

8

8888

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

88

8

88

8

8

8

§

-?

^

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

d

o

d

d

o

d

d

d

d

1^

o

CN

o

o

On

o

r-

o

o

o

o

r-i

00

o

o

o

o

o

o

m

o

o

o

fS

o

0^

o

3

o

o

o

o

s'

8

o

o

o

9C

?;■

o

o

o

8

d

8

m

8

8

S'

wK

TT

d

^

C/3

"~

^

""

~

"

ts

o

ec

o

o

(^

t^

f1

o

o

o

o

CN

CN

o

o

o

Cv

o

o

Tf

'^

c

o

'^

Q

o

e

§

c<

8

o

^'

o

o

r~'

o

H

s

o

o

o

s

d

d

f^

8

d

?

d

^'

"ea

1?

o

o

o

5-5

fN

o

o

o

o

o

r-1

(N

r^

o

^

3

o

o

o

fN

fs

o

3

C

o

«s

1

c

o

(N

o

o

nn

o

o

o

o

^

r^

(N

oc

o

o

o

o

'^

^

d

d

r-

d

■^*

S

M^

o

„

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

q

^

o

o

o

c

o

o

c

o

o

o

q

o

o

o

VO

I-"

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

d

d

^

d

o

d

d

d

^

i^

o

o

3

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

3

c

3

c

o

o

o

o

o

o

c

c

(N

3

^

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

d

d

d

d

d

d

^'

^

d

1

1-^

o

m

o

o

Cv

fs

(^

-

o

fN

o

^

^

-

-

o

-

o

-

m

^

c

>ni

E:

>ni

K2

t/3

t^

f^

in

M

o

t^

r-1

^

-

o

r^

r:

m

(N

-

o

Cs

c

-

"*

-

^

!c

O

g^

o

"^-

—

~"

a.

1?

-

o

o

o

r4

r.

y/-t

o

-

U-l

m

^

o

-

o

-

c

o

r^

c^

r.

-

~

-

12 00

•o

1

-<-

o

s

—

o

s

>/-,

lr>

—

o

o

r-

n

o

(N

—

r^

m

o

s

^

o

'J-

"

S^

3

t?

o

1

B

rj

2

M

^

U-,

'^

'

c

r4

fl

"

o

'

ITi

^

<N

in,

o

-

'

oc

§

"^

»7) r3

1

1

"i
1

1

f

1

i

1

^ i

^ 1^

1

11!

i

1

<1

i

2. -S

1

1

1
1

1

1

"a

||

II

1

1
ft

1
1

j

s

^1

^

H

(^

J^

'/-I

>o

K

z.

cK

o

z:

(N

m'

2:

in

!£

:^

X

2

3.

r-i

OJ

3'

in