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CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA: 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


OF THE 


SHELLS OF MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS. 


VOL. I. 
CONTAINING MONOGRAPHS OF THE GENERA 
CONUS PHORUS DELPHINULA 
PLEUROTOMA PECTUNCULUS CYPRICARDIA 
CRASSATELLA CARDITA HARPA 
BY 


LOVELL AUGUSTUS REEVE, F.LS., F.Z.5. 


AUTHOR OF ‘ CONCHOLOGIA SYSTEMATICA’, “ELEMENTS OF CONCHOLOGY’, &e. 


“The Almighty Maker has throughout 
Discriminated each from each, by strokes 
And touches of his hand with so much art 
Diversified, that two were never found 
Twins at all points.’—Cowper. 


LONDON: 
REEVE, BROTHERS, KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND. 
1843. 


JOHN BROOKS HENDERSON 


ida 


-Milton. 


Pad 


OME SE | 


CONUS. 


Puate I. 


Genus Conus, Linneus. 


Testa conica, ad basin leviter emarginata, anfractibus con- 
fertim volulis, non descendentibus ; spird varia, apice 
obtuso, nonnunquam subacuto; apertura longitudinali, 
plerumque angustd ; columella recta ; labro simplici, 
tenui, acuto, superne emarginato. Operculum cor- 
neum, plerumque minulum. 

Shell conical, slightly emarginated at the base ; whorls 
closely rolled upon their axis, not descending ; spire 
variable, sometimes acuminated, sometimes flat ; 
apex obtuse, occasionally rather sharp; aperture 
longitudinal, generally narrow ; columella straight ; 
lip simple, thin and acute, emarginated at the upper 
part. Operculum horny and generally very small. 


The word Conus, or one of somewhat analogous in- 
terpretation, has been attached in all ages to this highly 
esteemed genus. The shells which are referred to it 
exhibit an extraordinary variation of painting, and they 
present so great a uniformity of structure, that the de- 
termination of species is in some instances rather a mat- 
ter of fancy or speculation. The only elaborate memoir 
of this group prior to Lamarck is that published by Bru- 
guiére in the ‘ Encyclopédie M¢cthodique,’ from the wri- 
tings of M. Hwass, a distinguished collector of Copen- 
hagen, and little has been added by subsequent writers. 
Sowerby has contributed figures of several new species 
in his ‘ Conchological Illustrations,’ but they are not 
accompanied with descriptions; these, therefore, toge- 
ther with many of still more recent discovery, render 
the genus one of considerable interest. 


Species 1, a and b. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus Srarnrortui. Con. testd conico-turbinatd, le- 
viter flecuosd, albidd, rubro purpureoque tinctd, ad 
basin rosaced ; granosd, granis minutis, rubido- car- 
neove-albis, in seriebus equidistantibus parallelis trans- 
versaliter dispositis ; spird mediocriter convead, tu- 
berculis asperis regulariter coronatd ; apice mucro- 
nato, symmetrice acuto ; apertura subinflatd, labro 
solidiusculo, intus extusque albo. 

Sraryrorrn’s Cone. Shell conically turbinated and 
slightly flexuous, whitish, irregularly stained with 
a warm reddish tint and dark purple; granular, 
grains minute, of a reddish or fleshy-white colour, 
transversely arranged in equidistant parallel rows ; 


spire moderately convex, very regularly coronated 
with a row of sharp tubercles; apex very sharply 
pointed; aperture somewhat inflated ; rather solid, 


white both internally and externally. 
Hab. ——? 


The richly variegated purple painting of this new and 
very beautiful shell (which I respectfully dedicate to its 
possessor), with the rows of light small granular pim- 
ples standing out in relief, renders it eminently charac- 
teristic. 

There is another specimen in Mr. Cuming’s collec- 
tion. 


Species 2. 
Conus nosrLis. Con. testd subcylindraced, plus minusve 
luteold, maculis sparsis albis trigono-roiundatis pro- 
Fuse pictd, et lineis transversis, fulvo alboque articu- 
latis, plerumque ornatd ; spird plano-concavd, apice 
mucronato. 
Tur noste Cone. Shell rather cylindrical, more or 
less inclining to yellow, profusely painted with 
white, triangularly-rounded, scattered spots, and 
generally ornamented with transverse lines, articu- 
lated with white and yellow; spire flatly concave, 


pointed at the apex. 


Variety a. (Fig. 2 c, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Testa pallid? luteo-citrind ; maculis cordiformibus grandis ; 
lineis transversis fer? obsoletis. 

Shell pale lemon-colour ; spots large, and heart-shaped ; 
transverse lines almost obsolete. 

Linnaus, Syst. Nat., p. 1168. 

Martint, Conch., vol. ii. pl. 62. f. 689. 

Hab. Philippine Islands, Moluccas, &c. 


This shell, the well-known typical variety described 
by Linnzeus, is widely distributed throughout tbe tropical 
regions. 


Variety 8. (Fig. 2 a, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Testa luteo-castaned, maculis trigonis parvis saturata ; 
dupliciter zonatd, zonis lineis transversis vivide fusco- 
punctatis ; apice roseo-tinclo. 

Shell chestnut-ycllow colour, profusely covered with 
small triangular spots; doubly banded; bands with 
the transverse lines vividly spotted; apex stained 
with rose-colour. 


CONUS.—P rats I. 


Cuemnitz, Conch., vol. x. pl. 141. f. 1813 and 1314. 
Encyclopédie Méthodique, pl. 339. f. 7. 
Hab. Philippine Islands, Moluccas, &c. 


Chemnitz seems to have been the first to notice this 
variety under the facetious title of Maritus formosus. 


Variety y. (Fig. 2 6, Mus. Cuming.) 

Testa magis cylindraced, versus spiram attenuata, luteo- 
castaned, maculis trigonis, paucioribus ; indistineté 
zonatd, lineis transversis nullis aut obsoletis. 

Shell more cylindrical, attenuated towards the spire, 
yellowish chestnut-colour, with the spots triangular 
and fewer in number; indistinctly zoned; trans- 
verse lines wanting or obsolete. 

Hab. Island of Cuyo, Philippines. 


A new and very distinct variety collected by Mr. 
Cuming at the above-mentioned island. 


Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Con. testdé subobeso-conicd in medio 
albo-fasciatd, fascia fusco-maculatd, lineis luteolis 
fleruosis longitudinaliter venulatd ; spird fusco-ma- 
culata, levissimd, obtusd, apice luteo ; basi nigricante. 

Tue FLtaG Cone. Shell rather stoutly conical, white- 
banded in the middle; band interrupted with dark 
blotches, and veined longitudinally with undulated 
yellowish lines; spire brown-spotted, smooth and 
obtuse, apex yellow; base of the shell blackish. 

Martint, Conch., vol. ii. pl. 57. f. 629. 

Hab. Philippine and Society Islands, Moluccas, &c. 


Conus VEXILLUM. 


The magnificent shell here figured was collected by 
Mr. Cuming at the Island of Capul, one of the Philip- 
pines. The central band is extremely variable in this 
species ; it disappears, indeed, in the shell before me on 
the obverse side to that exhibited in the plate. Lamarck 
quotes asa variety of the above a shell figured by Chem- 
nitz under the name of Conus mutabilis ; it is however 
exceedingly difficult to say what species that figure is 
intended to represent. 


Species 4. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus zonatus. Con. testd solidd, violaceo-cesid, tes- 
sellis albis alternatis zonatd, filis croceis transversis 
equidistantibus, parallelis, vivide pictd ; spird obtuse 
convexd, fortissime coronatd 3 apice truncato. 

THE zoned Cone. Shell solid, violaceous sky-colour 


approaching to dull green, zoned with alternate 


white square spots; zones vividly marked out with 
transverse yellowish lines, equidistant, and parallel 
to each other; spire obtusely convex, and very 
strongly coronated ; apex truncated. 
Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 613. 
Cuemnitz, Conch., vol. x. pl. 189. f. 1286 to 1288. 
Hab. Asiatic Ocean; Hwass. 


Chemnitz, who appears to have been the first to figure 
and describe this shell, called it Murus lapidius, from the 
imagined resemblance of its marking to the tracings of 
a stone wall. The specimen here represented was re- 
ceived in a collection of shells from Calcutta, without 


mention of its locality. 


Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus vicror. Con. testa subcylindraceo-conicd, flava, 
maculis albis inspersd, fasciis duabus moniliformibus, 
brunneo-castaneis, latis, concinniter ornata ; spira 
convexd, circulatim excavatd, apice subacuto. 

Shell rather cylindrically co- 

nical, yellow, sprinkled with white spots and neatly 

ornamented with two broad, dark chestnut-coloured 
necklace bands ; spire convex, excavated round the 


THE ConquEROR Cone. 


tops of the whorls; apex rather pointed. 
BroverrP, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 54. 
Hab. ? 


There is another similar specimen of this new and 
striking shell in the collection of the Rev. A. Harford. 


Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus crocatus. Con. testd oblongo-conicd, crocatd ; ma- 
culis albis, subtrigonis, paucis, irregulariter inspersd ; 
transversim et longitudinaliter striata, striis fere ob- 
soletis ; spird convexo-acutd, anfractuum margine 
superiori rotundata. 

THE SAFFRON-coLoURED Cons. Shell of an oblong- 
conical form, saffron-coloured, irregularly sprinkled 
with a few white, somewhat triangular spots ; trans- 
versely and longitudinally striated, striz nearly ob- 
solete; spire convex and acute; upper edge of the 
whorls rounded. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p- 503. 

Hab, Matnog, Island of Luzon, Philippines. 

A splendid specimen of this shell, lately collected by 
Mr. Cuming, enables me to illustrate (I believe for the 
first time) a most interesting species described many 
years ago by Lamarck. 


CONUS. 


Puate II. 


Species 7. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus aucur. Con. testa pyramidato-conicd, albido-fla- 
vescente, punctis brunneis numerosissimis seriatim 
inspersd ; maculis largis furvo-nigricantibus vivide 
bizonatd, zonis sepe nimiiim interruptis ; spird ob- 
tusd, leviter striatd. 

Tue avcur Cong. Shell pyramidally conical, faintly 
yellowish, sprinkled with a considerable number of 
small brown specks disposed in transverse rows; 
strikingly banded in two places with large dusky 
blackish spots or patches, bands often much inter- 
rupted; spire obtuse, lightly striated. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 685. 

Marrtint, Conch., vol. ii. pl. 58. f. 641. 

Hab. Ceylon, &c. 


This is an excellently defined species ; I am not aware 
of any other that could be at all confounded with it. 
The shell here represented is a very characteristic ex- 
ample, the bands being more clearly defined than in the 
generality of specimens. 


Species 8. 

Conus THALAssrarcnus. Con. testé cylindraceo-conicd 
in medio plerumque leviter attenuata, lineis varie 
pictd, spird plus minusve depressa. 

Tue New Apmirat Cong. Shell cylindrically conical, 
generally a little attenuated in the middle, variously 
painted with lines, spire more or less depressed. 

Gray, MSS. British Museum. 


Variety a. (Fig. 8 d, Mus. Cuming.) 


Testa albidd, lineis furvo-nigricantibus, acutissime et tri- 
angulariter undulatis, profusé picta ; lineis sepe in 
medio quasi fascia interruptis. 

Shell whitish, profusely painted with dusky blackish 
lines, very sharply triangularly undulated, and 
mostly interrupted in the middle so as to leave a 
transverse band. 

Hab. Puteao, Island of Luzon, Philippines. 


The specimen here figured is the largest of a number 
collected by Mr. Cuming at the island of Luzon, and far 
exceeds the average size of them. On the obverse side 
to that which I have represented the lines become inter- 
rupted in the middle of the shell, so as to leave an open 


space like a band, a character much more clearly deve- 
loped in the smaller specimens; the lines too vary in 
those in assuming a more triangular style of pattern, 
and in being fewer and more scattered. 


Variety 3. (Fig. 8 6, Mus. Cuming.) 

Testa lineis, paululum undulatis, longitudinaliter porrectis ; 
aut fascia aut nulla. 

Shell with the lines finely waved in a longitudinal direc- 
tion, sometimes leaving a white band, sometimes 
not, as in variety a. 

Hab. Puteao, Island of Luzon, Philippines. 


This very pretty variety, in which the lines do not 
assume the triangular pattern characteristic of variety 
a, was collected by Mr. Cuming with the former; very 
few specimens were found, however, at all approaching 
in size and extreme regularity of pattern to the one 
figured. 


Variety y. (Fig. 8 a, Mus. Cuming.) 


Testa in medio vivide fasciatd, fascia irregulariter punc- 
tatd, lineis paucioribus, subsparsis, supra triangula- 
riter infra porrecte depictis, interstitiis croceo-tinctis. 

Shell strongly banded in the middle, band irregularly 
dotted; lines fewer in number and somewhat scat- 
tered, disposed to assume the triangular form above 
the band, the straightly waved form below it; and 
the interstices, more particularly near the band, 
are stained with saftron-yellow. 


Hab. Island of 'Ticao, Philippines. 


This variety exhibits a pleasing yellow tint, of which 
there is no indication in the two previous ones; in pat- 
tern it partakes of the character of both. 

Variety 6. (Fig. 8 c, Mus. Cuming.) 

Testa majore, bizonatd, zonis latis, croceis, transversim 
regulariis punctatis ; lineis supra et infra perpaucis, 
undulatis, oblique depictis. 

Shell larger, doubly zoned; zones broad, saffron-co- 
loured, spotted across with more regularity, lines 
running down the spaces above and below the 
zones obliquely waved and comparatively few. 

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines. 

This variety, of which Mr. Cuming only collected one 
or two specimens, presents so striking a contrast with 


CONUS.—Ptate II. 


the rest that it almost requires the representation of a 
dozen intermediate varieties to show the connection. The 
abundant means of comparison which a tolerable number 
of these shells, collected together in the same group of 
islands, the Philippines, have afforded, leave no doubt of 
their complete specific relation. They were found by 
Mr. Cuming upon mud-banks at low water, and, there 
is every reason to suppose, are confined to that locality. 

This beautiful series of the Conus thalassiarchus forms 
a most interesting addition to the genus, the species 
having been only known hitherto by a few miserable spe- 
cimens, such as were figured by Sowerby, for want of 
better, in his ‘Conchological Illustrations,’ fig. 80 and 85. 


Species 9. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus mites. Con. testa solidd, pallide flavescente, fas- 
cid fusco-ferrugined transversim, filisque flexuosis 
pallidioribus longitudinaliter picta ; fascia interdum 
at rard obsoletd; spird plano-obtusa, flavida ; basi 
nigerrimo-fusca. 

Tue sotpIeR Cone. Shell solid, pale yellowish colour, 

painted transversely with a single dark ferruginous 


band, longitudinally with undulated thread-like 


lines of a paler colour; band sometimes but rarely | 


obsolete ; spire flatly obtuse, yellowish ; base black- 
ish brown. 


Linnzus, Syst. Nat., p. 1167. 
Martini, Conch., vol. ii. pl. 59. f. 663 and 664. 
Hab. Ceylon, Mauritius, Moluccas, &c. 


No one can fail to distinguish this species, which, being 
widely distributed over the globe, is brought in great 
abundance. The shell here represented is of large 
dimensions, and the markings are unusually clear and 


well-defined. 


Species 10. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus GLAucus. Testa obeso-conicd, quasi turgidd, 
glauco-cerulescente, lineis fuscis numerosis, inter- 
ruptis, confertis, cinctd ; spird obtuso-converd, mu- 
cronata, nigerrimo-fusco maculata ; basi striatd. 

Tue Grey Cons. Shell stoutly conical, as though 
swollen, greyish blue, surrounded with numerous, 
close-set, interrupted lines ; spire obtusely convex, 
pointed, spotted with dark black-brown triangular 
patches ; base striated. 

Linnus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin edit.), p. 3382. 

Cuemnitz, vol. x. pl. 138. f. 1277 and 1278. 

Hab. Moluceas, Philippines, &c. 

The grey colour of this shell is perhaps its most 
striking characteristic, for there are many dwarf vari- 
eties of the Cont betulinus and Suraiensis which approach 
very near to it in other respects. 


Coms. Lt. LT. 


CONUS: 


Puate III. 


Species 11. 


Conus AMMIRALIS. Con. testd turbinatad, aut levi, aut 
granulatd, albida, flavo subtilissime reticulata, brunneo 
transversim fasciatd ; fasciis plus minusve latis et 
numerosis, maculis albis trigonis vivide inspersis ; 
spird concavo-acutd, aut levi, aut coronatd. 

Tue ApMIRAL Cone. 
finely reticulated with yellow, painted transversely 


Shell turbinated, whitish, very 

with broad brown bands crossed and _ recrossed 
with darker lines of the same colour, and vividly 
sprinkled with triangular white spots; spire con- 
cave and acute, the tops of the whorls being either 
smooth or coronated. 

Linyaus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin edit.), p. 3378. 

Hab. Society Islands, Philippines, Moluccas, &c. 


Before describing the varieties of this highly-valued 
' species, esteemed in all ages for its rarity and beauty, it 
is important to explain that I differ entirely from my 
predecessors, in taking the dark brown painting to be 
the ground character of the shell. 
describing the shell, like Bruguiére and Lamarck, to be 
brown, with yellow net-work bands, I describe it as 
yellow, with brown bands. An examination of the Co- 
ronated Admiral, Fig. 11 e, a variety apparently un- 
known to those conchologists, will testify the correctness 
of this view. The bands in this species are so exceedingly 
variable in their distribution (still within a very limited 
degree) that I propose to include the nine varieties noted 
by Lamarck under notice of four, the coronated variety 
making five. Attaching so much importance to slight 
variations tends rather to confuse than to simplify. 
After carefully examining a long series of these Cones, 
I have come to the conclusion that they may be more 
conveniently classed under the following five heads :— 
1. a, one or two uninterrupted broad bands; 2. /3, se- 
veral bands, or two broad bands with one or more narrow 
bands running between them; 3. y, two or more bands 
of paler colour with spots very large; 4. 6, shell small, 
granulated, sometimes slightly coronated, and variously 
banded; 5. e, shell strongly coronated, bands variable, 
but generally narrower and more distant. 


Variety a. (Fig. 11 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Testd bifasciatd, interdum at rard unifasciatd, fasciis latis, 
maculis profuse inspersis. 


Instead therefore of 


Shell two-banded, sometimes but rarely singly banded ; 
bands broad, and profusely sprinkled with spots. 
Conus ammiralis, var. b? and g, Lamarck. 


The two-banded shell may be regarded as the com- 
mon typical variety of the species. That which I have 
selected for illustration was found by Mr. Cuming at the 
island of Ticao ; it is however very generally distributed 
amongst the Philippine, Society and other islands in the 
tropical regions. 


Variety 6. (Fig. 11 ¢c, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Testa fasciis tribus aut pluribus ; plerumque duabus, latis, 
una perangustd interveniente. 

Shell with three or more bands; generally two broad 
bands with a very narrow one intervening. 

Conus ammiralis, var. a, h and i, Lamarck. 


Under this head I include all those in which the two 
broad bands of the first variety are divided into three 
or more. 


Variety y. (Fig. 11 d, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Testa plerumque majore ; fasciis duabus aut pluribus, pal- 
lid? castaneis, maculis maximis. 

Shell generally larger ; bands two or more, pale chest- 
nut colour; spots very large. 

Conus ammiralis, var. e and f, Lamarck. 


This is a very characteristic variety. 
Variety 0. (Fig. 11 a, Mus. Stainforth.) 
Testd minore, superficie granulata, diverse fasciata. 


Shell smaller, surface granulated, variously banded. 
Conus ammiralis, var. ec and d, Lamarck. 


The granulated variety appears to be always of 
smaller size. 


Variety e. (Fig. 11 e, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Testa plerumque majore, albida ; fasciis tribus aut pluribus, 
angustioribus, interruptis, interstitiis irregulariter 
reticulato-pictis. 

Shell generally larger, whitish, with three or more nar- 
rower interrupted bands; spaces between them 
filled with very irregular net-work. 


This beautiful shell exhibits a great peculiarity of 
marking, besides that of being coronated. The bands 


CONUS.—P tats III. 


are very much broken up by the confusion of white 
spots, and the net-work which covers the rest of the 
surface differs essentially from that in any other. It is 
exceedingly irregular, forming triangular spots of all 
dimensions, miscellaneously intermingled. 


Species 12. (Mus. Stainforth.) 

Conus Sumarrensis. Con. testé subobeso-conicd albi- 
do-lutescente, lineis latis, fuscis, longitudinaliter con- 
fluentibus, vivide pictd, quibusdam in medio inter- 
ruptis ; spird obtusd, variegata. 

Tue Cone or Sumatra. Shell rather stoutly conical, 
pale yellow, vividly painted with broad brown lines, 
running together in a longitudinal direction, some 
of them being interrupted in the middle, spire ob- 
tuse and variegated. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p- 472. 

Princeps Sumatre, Cuzmnrrz, vol. x. pl. 144 A. f.a. b. 

Hab. Red Sea. Riippell. 


The longitudinal markings of this shell are very cha- 
racteristic. 


Species 13. (a and 6, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus pux. Con. testa cylindraceo-conicd, rubido-fusco 
nebulosd, transversim teniolata et striata, teniolis 
Susco alboque articulatis ; spird convexo-exsertd, apice 
obtuso. 

Tur LEADER Cons. Shell cylindrically conical, clouded 


with reddish brown, transversely striated, and 
crossed with small riband-like bands, articulated 
with brown and white; spire convex and rather 
prominent, apex obtuse. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 732. 

Marrint, Conch.,, vol. ii. pl. 52. f. 571. 

Hab. Matnog, Island of Luzon, Philippines, &c. 


Tam unacquainted with the yellow variety from the 
collection of M. Hwass, described and figured in the 
‘Encyclopédie Méthodique,’ and copied by Lamarck, and 
Schubert and Wagner; it might probably have been a 
worn specimen. 


Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Con. testd ovato-conicd, lacco-rubido 
nebulosd et leviter undulatd, lineis brevibus longitudi- 


Conus FLoccatus. 


nalibus transversim teniolatd, maculis albis irregula- 
ribus quasi floccis plus minusve inspersd. 

THE sNoW-FLAKED Cone. Shell ovately conical, clouded 
and lightly waved with a ruddy lake-colour; trans- 
versely filleted with short longitudinal lines, and 
more or less sprinkled with irregular white spots 
like flakes of snow. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 112. 

Hab. Matnog, Island of Luzon, Philippines. 


This beautiful shell has been confounded by some 
authors with the Conus dux. 


COALS 


166 


CONUS: 


Puate IV. 


Species 15. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus pontiricaLis. Con. testd ovato-turbinatd, coro- 
natd, albd, epidermide olivaceo-luted in medio tantum 
latissime fasciatd ; spird maximd, obesd, elevatd, apice 
subobtuso. 

Tue vontiricaL Cong. Shell ovately turbinated, coro- 
nated, white, very broadly banded, in the middle 
only, with bright olive-yellow epidermis; spire very 
large, stout, and elevated, apex rather obtuse. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 459. 

Detessert, Recueil de Coquilles, pl. 40. f. 15, a, b. 

Hab. Tasmania, Lamarck. 


The broad transverse band of yellow epidermis is a 
very striking character in this shell, and the coronated 
row of white tubercles standing out in clear relief above 
presents a neat and most delicate contrast. 


Species 16. (Fig. a@ and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Soranpri. Con. testd cylindraceo-turbinatd, sub- 
coronatd, transverse striata ; striis frequentibus, aut 
inferne, aut ubique granulosis ; pallide aurantid, in- 
terdum aurantio-coccined, interdum spadiceo-laccd, 
fascia albd in medio, castaneo maculatd et punctatd ; 
spird mediocri, rudi, leviter striatd. 

SovanpeEr’s Cone. Shell cylindrically turbinated, more 
or less inclined to be coronated, transversely stri- 
ated; strie frequent, granulated over either the 
lower or entire portion of the shell; colour of the 
shell yellow, yellowish scarlet or rich brown lake, 
banded round the middle with white, spotted with 
patches and dots of chestnut; spire of ordinary 
dimensions, rude, slightly striated. 

Broperip and Sowersy, Zool. Journ., vol. v. p. 50. 

Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage, pl. 33. f. 3. 

Dexessert, Recueil de Coquilles, pl. 40. f. 11, a and 6. 

Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines. 


Several varieties of this pretty shell, which was known 
to the learned doctor after whom it is named, were col- 
lected by Mr. Cuming at the south end of the above 
island in the Straits of Bernardino; they vary from pale 
orange to deep rich crimson lake colour. 


Jan 


Species 17. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


ConusOrsienyi. Con. testd tenui, subfusiformi, gracillime 
turbinatd, versus basin vald@ attenuatd, transversim 
costatd, costis levibus, planissimis ; albd, maculis spa- 
diceis sparsis plus minusve irregulariter pictd ; spird 
elevato-acutd, minutissim? moniliferim coronatd. 
D’Orsieny’s Cone. Shell thin, somewhat fusiform, 
slenderly turbinated, very much attenuated towards 
the base; transversely ribbed, ribs smooth and pe- 
culiarly flat; white, more or less irregularly painted 
with scattered reddish brown spots; spire elevated, 
acute, and finely coronated, in a beaded manner. 
Arpouin, Mag. de Zool. Moll., 1838, pl. 20. 
Conus planicostatus, Sowerby, Conch. Illus., 1840. 
Hab. China? Dussumier. 


The peculiar contour of this shell is as characteristic 
a feature as the flatness of the ribs by which it is encir- 
cled. I only know of few specimens. 


Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Conus Suratensis. Con. testd subobeso-conicd, prope 
basin attenuata, quasi folliformi ; albidd, maculis ni- 
gricantibus, subquadratis, linearibus, c@ruleo-nebu- 
losis, seriatim cinctd, aliis infra alios descendentibus ; 
basi flavidd, interdum immaculatd ; spird convexius- 
culd, solidd, fusco undatim maculata. 

Tue Surat Cone. Shell rather stoutly conical, atte- 
nuated near the base, balloon-shaped as it were; 
whitish, surrounded with rows of square linear 
blackish spots, clouded in places with blue; spots 
mostly descending in regular order one under the 
other; base yellow, sometimes clear and unspotted ; 
spire rather convex, solid and spotted with waved 
outspreading spots. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 669. 

Conus betulinus lineatus, Chemnitz, Conch., vol. xi. 
pl. 181. f. 1752 and 1753. 

Hab. Province of Misamis, Island of Mindanao, Philip- 
pines. (Found in mud in the clefts of rocks at low 
water.) 


We are here indebted to Mr. Cuming for having col- 
lected very remarkable specimens of a species which we 
might have otherwise accounted to be but a casual va- 
riety of the Conus betulinus. 


. 1843. 


CONUS.—Pratz IV. 


Species 19. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus ausrrauis. Con. testd elongatd, cylindraceo-tur- 
binatd, transversim liratd, liris nune levibus, nunc 
granosis ; albidd, maculis grandibus se@pissime bizo- 
natd, minoribus linearibus ubique venosd ; spird ele- 
vatd, acutd. 

Tue soutHern Conz. Shell rather long, cylindrically 
turbinated, transversely ridged, ridges sometimes 
smooth, sometimes granular, generally doubly band- 
ed with large chestnut spots and veined over the 
entire surface with smaller linear ones; spire ele- 
vated and acute. 

Cuemnitz, Conch., vol. xi. pl. 183. f.1774 and 1775. 

Hab. Swan River. 


The specimen selected for illustration is small and per- 
fectly smooth ; the granular variety is scarcely of sufi- 
cient importance to require especial notice. 


Species 20. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus LitHoGiypuus. Con. testd turbinatd, versus basin 
granulatd, rubro-fuscd, infern® nigricante, maculis 
conspicuis niveis superne et mediane fasciatd ; spird 
mediocri, subobtusd. 

THE PEBBLE-CARVED Cone. Shell turbinated, granu- 
lated towards the base, reddish brown, blackish at 
the basal extremity, banded round the middle and 
upper parts with clear snowy white spots; spire 
ordinary, rather obtuse. 

Mevscuen, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 692. 
Ammiralis Petreus, Chemnitz, Conch., vol. x. pl. 140. 

fig. 1298. 

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines, &c. 

The two bands of snowy white spots which encircle 


the middle and upper portion of this sheil make it espe- 
cially easy to distinguish. 


Species 21. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus centurro. Con. testd dilatato-turbinatd, versus 
basin sulcatd ; alba, fasciis tribus aurantiis cingu- 
latd, interstittis lineis, oblique et vivid? undatis, ve- 
nustissime pictis; spird concavo-convead, anfractuum 
angulis supernis fusco-maculatis ; apice obtuso. 

THe centurion Cone. Shell dilately turbinated, sul- 


cated towards the base ; white, encircled with three 
orange bands having the interstices elegantly 
painted with strong oblique zigzag lines ; spire 
concavely convex, brown-spotted round the upper 
angle of the whorls; apex obtuse. 

Born, Mus., pl. 7. f. 10. 
Vigiliarum prefectus, Martini, Conch., vol. ii. Plog 

f. 655. 
Hab. ——? 


This shell is not unlike some varieties of the Conus 
Malaccanus ; they are, however, well distinguished from 
each other, the former being the more dilated, and well 
characterized by the zigzag lines. 


Species 22. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus Apamsont1. Con. testd cylindraceo-conicd, ventrico- 
siusculd, supern’ attenuata, nitente quasi porcellaned, 
alba, zonis tribus roseo-nebulosis cingulatd, interstitiis 
punctiunculis triquetris, diagonaliter dispositis, ele- 
gantius ornatd ; anfractibus supra infraque sulcatis ; 
spird depresso-pland, sulcatd et striatd. 

Shell cylindrically conical, rather 
ventricose, attenuated at the upper part, shining 
as if it were porcelain; white, encircled with three 
clouded rose-tinted zones, the spaces between them 
being elegantly filled up with small three-cornered 
dots ranged in diagonal order; upper and lower 
parts of the whorls sulcated ; spire flatly depressed, 
grooved and striated. af P27 14364 

Gray, MSS. British Museum. ”°*~ | * 

Conus cingulatus, Sowerby, Tankerville Catalogue, 
Appendix, p. xxxiv. and Conch. [llus., f. 108. 
Hab. Australia. 


Apamson’s Cone. 


This beautiful rose-tinted porcelain shell appears to 
have been first introduced by Sowerby; I am forced, 
however, to adopt the manuscript title subsequently 
attached to it by Gray, because the name first proposed 
had been already used by Lamarck in reference to another 
species. Care must however be taken not to confound 
Gray’s Conus Adamsoni, named after a distinguished ama- 
teur conchologist of Newcastle, with Lamarck’s Conus 
Adansont, dedicated to the memory of the celebrated 
malacologist of Senegal. 


Conins Lt V 


CONUS. 


Puate V. 


Species 23. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Saul.) 


onus sotipus. Con. testd conico-cylindraced, transver- 
sim striatd, maculis longitudinalibus nigricantibus et 
aureis reticulatim superteatd ; spird planiusculd, sub- 
striatd, acuminatd. 

‘wz soLip Cong. Shell conically cylindrical, trans- 
versely striated, reticulately covered over with black 
and orange longitudinal blotches and net-work ; 
spire rather smooth, a little striated, and acumi- 
nated. 

owERBY (not of Chemnitz), Conch. Illus., f. 76. 
Textile striatum ? Chemnitz, Conch., vol. x. pl. 141. 

f. 1311. 
fab. Society and Philippine Islands; Cuming. 


No one can fail to detect the very marked specific 
eculiarities of this shell, the dark blotching in some 
pecimens of which occupies more than half the entire 
urface of the shell. The Conus solidus of Chemnitz 
vol. x. pl. 141. f. 1310.) appears to be the dark variety 
f Conus cedo-nulli. 


Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Jonus InFormIs. Con. testa tenuiculd, oblongo-turbinatd, 
sepe informi ; albd, strigis irregularibus fulvo-casta- 
neis longitudinaliter pictd ; spird convexo-acutd. 

[HE MIS-SHAPEN Cone. Shell somewhat thin, oblong, 
turbinated, often mis-shapen; white, painted lon- 
gitudinally with irregular light chestnut-colour 
streaks. 

Iwass, Enc. Méth. vers, part 2. p. 699. 

LAMARCK, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 493. 

Hab. American Ocean; Bruguiere. 


Lamarck seems to have perpetuated an error which 
sriginated with Bruguiére, in referring this shell to 
Chemnitz’s figures e, f, g, h, pl. 141. The Conus in- 
formis is a light turbinated shell, not much unlike (as 
Bruguitre himself noticed) a young Strombus; whilst 
the figures e and f, above alluded to, are intended to re- 
present a shell of that short, solid growth of which the 
preceding species (Conus solidus) may be quoted as an 
example. 


Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus rertusus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, rosed, 


longitudinaliter incarnato-tinctd, albifloccata, maculis 
albis subdistantibus, median? et superne nebulosa ; 
striis pertusis undique cinctd; spird convexd, apice 
subobtuso, 

Tue prickep Conr. Shell oblong, turreted, rose-co- 
loured, stained longitudinally here and there with 
flesh-colour, flaked with white, and clouded round 
the middle and upper portion of the shell with 
rather distant white blotches; everywhere sur- 
rounded with striz, very faintly pricked with small 
holes ; spire convex, apex rather obtuse. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 686. pl. 336. 
f. 2. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 487. 

Hab.\sland of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (on the reefs) ; 
Cuming. 

This beautifully rose-tinted shell very much resembles 
the Conus amabilis; it may, however, be fairly distin- 
guished by its more graceful form, and by its surface 
being more or less faintly flaked with white. 


Species 26. (Mus. Saul.) 


Conus LEoninus. Con. testd turbinatd, alba, maculis 
figurisque fuscis, numerosis, contiguis, interdum lon- 
gitudinaliter confluentibus, distinct? fasciatd ; spird 
planiusculd, mucronata. 

Tur tion Cone. Shell turbinated, white, distinctly 
banded with numerous brown spots and figures, 
sometimes flowing together in a longitudinal di- 
rection; spire flattish, sharp-pointed. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 683. pl. 334. 
f. 5 and 6. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 486. 

Conus proteus, var., Schubert and Wagner, Conch. 
Cab. Supp., p. 60. 
Hab. Coasts of Mexico and the West India Islands. 


In some varieties of this shell the spots are so clouded 
together as to assume the character of blotches; in the 
specimen here figured they are unusually clear and 
distinct. 


Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) 
Conus Granutatus. Con. testd cylindraceo-turbinatd, 


transversim sulcatd, leviter granulosd, coccined. 


June 1843. 


CONUS.—P tate V. 


fascid albd in medio cingulatd ; liratd, liris purpureo- 
punctatis ; spird convexo-acutd, canaliculatd, varie- 
gatd. 

THE GRANULATED Conk. Shell cylindrically turbinated, 
transversely sulcated, slightly granulated ; scarlet, 
encircled round the middle with a white band; 
ridged, ridges purple-dotted; spire convexly acute, 
canaliculated, variegated. 

Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3391; Enc. 
Méth. pl. 339. f. 9. 

Hab, Island of Antigua. 


This pretty scarlet Cone is rather inappropriately 
named, the granulations, which are often obliterated, 
being rarely more than feebly developed. 


Species 28. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus Desuayesit. Con. testd cylindraceo-ovatd, tenui- 
culd, inflata, pallide olivaceo-fulvd, profuse rubido- 
puncticulatd, maculis albis grandibus, perpaucis, spar- 
sim et irregulariter nebulosd ; spird depresso-pland, 
apice mucronato ; aperturd dehiscente, fauce, quasi 
politd, nitente. 

Desuayves’ Cone. Shell cylindrically ovate, thin, in- 
flated, of a pale fawn-colour, profusely sprinkled 
with faint ruddy dots, and irregularly clouded with 
a few large scattered patches of white ; spire flatly 
depressed, apex sharp-pointed; aperture rather 
large and open, interior highly enamelled. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Conus cervus, Sowerby, Conch. Illus., f. 94. 

Hab. Swan River. 


Only a few specimens of this very characteristic spe- 
cies, which may be readily recognised by its peculiar buff- 


tinted colour and light inflated growth, are at preser 
known. It has been supposed hitherto to be the Com 
cervus, but having lately examined, in the collection « 
M. Delessert, the identical shell described under the 
title by Lamarck, with the description of that illustriov 
author attached to it in his own handwriting, I am er 
abled (vide also Plate XXII.) to rectify an error whic 
has unfortunately gained considerable circulation. 

By the title now substituted for cervus in reference t 
the species under consideration, | wish to honour m 
kind and amiable friend M. Deshayes, now zealousl 
occupied in completing the conchological portion of th 
new edition of Lamarck’s ‘ Histoire des animaux san 
vertebres,’ the publication of which has been lon 
anxiously looked for. 


Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Conus aurisiacus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, rose 
alboque zonata, transversim liratd, liris granulatis 
albo fuscoque tessellatis ; spird subdepressd, canali 
culatd, tessellatd, apice obtuso. 

Tue orance Apmirat Conz. Shell oblong, turbinated 
zoned with white and rose-colour, transversely 
ridged; ridges granulated, tessellated with white 
and square, crimson, blackish brown spots ; spire 
somewhat depressed, canaliculated, tessellated 
apex obtuse. 

Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3392. 

Manrrtint, Conch., vol. ii. pl. 57. f. 636 and 637. 

Hab. Moluccas ; Hinds. 


The alternate zones of white and rose-colour in the 
shell here figured are very beautifully defined, and the 
ridges, which seem strongly developed, are distinctly 
granulated, 


Conits LEN, 


‘ 


ny . 


A 


> 


94 


eC 


Teene (ah, 


ewerty & 


CONUS. 


Pirate VI. 


Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Neptunus. Con. testd elongato-conicd, spird 
acuminatd, striatd, apice acuto; pallide carneold, 
lineis maculisque rubidis ubique nebulosd et venosd ; 
versus basin leviter sulcatd, sulcis subdistantibus ; 
columella et aperture fauce subrosaced. 

Tue Nerrune Cone. Shell elongately conical, spire 
acuminated, apex sharp; pale flesh-colour, every- 
where veined and clouded with dull reddish spots 
and flexuous lines; faintly grooved towards the 
base, grooves rather distant ; columella and within 
the aperture faintly tinged with rose. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Jacna, Island of Bohol, Philippines (found on the 
reefs at low water) ; Cuming. 


This new and interesting Cone is at present unique in 
the collection of Mr. Cuming, being the only one of the 
kind found by that gentleman during his long and 
searching sojourn amongst the Philippine Islands. 


Species 31. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cuming. Vignette, 
vide Title-page, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus eroriA-maris. Con. testd elongatd, cylindraceo- 
turbinatd, albd, lineis subtilissimis trigonis rubidis 
usquequaque reticulata, fasciis tribus aurantiis inter- 
ruptis cinctd ; anfractibus supern® rotundatis ; spird 
acuminatd, apice vir acuto. 

Tuer GLoryY-oFr-THE-SEA Cone. Shell long, cylindri- 
cally turbinated, white, over entire surface reticu- 
lated with the finest possible triangular dull reddish 
lines, and encircled with three interrupted, orange, 
blotched bands ; whorls rounded at the upper part; 
spire acuminated, apex scarcely sharp. 

Cuemnirz,Conch., vol. x.p.73. pl. 143.f. 1324 and 1325. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 526. 

Hab. Jacna, Island of Bohol, Philippines (found on the 


reefs at low water) ; Cuming. 


Having already represented a full-size specimen of 
this highly esteemed shell on the title-page, I have se- 
lected a smaller but more richly-marked example col- 
lected by Mr. Cuming at the above island, for the sake 
of noting its exact place of habitation. I intended 
to have also figured a very young specimen collected 
by Mr. Cuming at the same time, scarcely exceeding 


an inch and a half in length, but the reticulations are 
so extremely fine as to defy the skill of the lithographer. 
* 


Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Conus maeniricus. Con. testd cylindraceo-turbinatd, 
obesd, anfractibus superne rotundatis, spird levi, sub- 
acuminatd, apice valde obtuso; rosaced, lineis ovato- 
trigonis, lacco aut purpureo-rubris, usquequaque re- 
ticulatd, maculis perpaucis grandissimis bifasciatim 
cinctd. 

THe MAGNIFICENT Cone. Shell cylindrically turbinated, 
stout, whorls rounded at the upper part; spire 
smooth, somewhat acuminated, apex very obtuse ; 
faint rose-colour, reticulated over with ovately-tri- 
angular dark lake or purple reddish lines, and 
doubly banded with one or two very large spots or 
blotches of the same colour. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Matnog, Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. 

No one can fail to distinguish this rosaceous stout- 
shouldered Cone from the well-known Conus auratus, 
to which it is most nearly allied. 


Species 33. (Mus. Stainforth.) 

Conus Janus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, versus ba- 
sin sulcatd; spird subcanaliculatd, striatd, exserto- 
acutd ; albd, castaneo longitudinaliter undatd. 

Tue Janus Cone. Shell oblong, turbinated, grooved 
towards the base; spire slightly canaliculated, 
striated, sharply exserted; white, longitudinally 
waved with chestnut. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 690. pl. 336. 
f. 5 and 6. 


Hab. ? 


Martini appears to have included this shell with va- 
rieties of the Conus generalis (Conch., vol. ii. pl. 58.) 
without noting any specific difference in it. 


Species 34. (Mus. Stainforth.) 

Con. testd turbinatd, ad basin 
striatd, viridescente-luted, mediane et superne albo- 
fasciatd, fasciis ambabus serie duplici macularum 
nigricantium vivide ornatis; spird plano-obtusd, 
nigro-guttatd. 


Conus MUSTELINUS. 


March 1843. 


CONUS.—Ptate VI. 


Tue ERMINE Cone. Shell turbinated, striated at the 
base, greenish yellow, white-banded round the 
middle and upper part, bands ornamented with a 
double row of vivid black spots ; spire flatly obtuse, 
black-spotted. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p, 654. pl. 327. 
i Os 

Scuusert and Wacner, Conch. Cab. Suppl., p. 41. 
pl. 221. f. 8059 and 3060. 

Hab. Islands of Bohol, Ticao, &c., Philippines. (Found 
in loose sand and coral on the reefs at low water.) 


This shell often attains a larger size than that of the 
specimen selected for illustration, but the spots in that 
state are much less clearly developed. 


Species 35. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Conus arcHon. Con. testd conicd, spird concavo-easerti, 
apice acutissime acuminato ; albd, maculis grandibus 


flavo-castaneis longitudinaliter nebulosd, puncticuli: 
albis subdistantibus teniatis. 

Tuer macistRaTE Conr. Shell conical; spire concave 
exserted, apex very sharply acuminated; white 
longitudinally clouded with large yellow chestnut 
spots, filleted with a number of rather distant whit 
small spots. 

BropenripP, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 54. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 38. 

Hab. Central America; Bay of Montija, Cuming; Gul 
of Nicoya, Hinds. (Found in sandy mud in from 
twelve to eighteen fathoms water.) 


The painting of this interesting Cone reminds one 
somewhat of the C. cedo-nulli. Five specimens only 
were found by Mr. Cuming, and the shell here repre- 
sented is one of three brought home by Capt. Belcher in 
the ‘ Sulphur.” 


eove Hitt. 


CONUS. 


Prats VII. 


Species 36. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) 


Con. testd turbinatd, coronatd, rosed 
vel croced, fusco longitudinaliter lineatd aut strigata. 
Tur prince Cone. 


Conus PRINCEPS. 


Shell turbinated, coronated, rose- 
colour or yellow, longitudinally lined or streaked 
with brown. 

Variety a. (Fig. 36 a.) 

Testa rosacea, strigis nigro-purpureis subdistantibus, in- 
terdum ramosis, vivide virgata. 

Shell rose-colour, vividly striped with rather distant, 
sometimes branched, blackish purple streaks. 

Liynzus, Syst. Nat., p. 1167. 

Conus regius, Chemnitz, Bruguitre, Lamarck. 

Hab. Bay of Panama; Cuming. 


Variety B. (Fig. 36 6.) 
Testa crocea vel flava, lineis castaneis frequentibus, inter- 
dum irregularibus, longitudinaliter inscripta. 
Shell yellow, longitudinally inscribed with frequent, 
sometimes irregular, chestnut lines. 
Broperir (var. a and 3), Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 55. 
Sowersy, Conch. Illus., 30 @ and b. 
Hab. St. Elena, Central America, and Panama; Cuming. 


Variety y. (Fig. 36 c.) 
Testa aurantio-crocea, lineis raris aut obsoletis. 
Shell orange-yellow, lines few or obsolete. 
Broverip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 56. 
Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 30. 
Hab. Monte Christi, West Columbia; Cuming. (All 
found in soft and sandy mud in the crevices of rocks.) 


The Conus princeps has often avery peculiar tufted epi- 
dermis ; and it sometimes attains a much larger size than 
that of either of the specimens here figured. Linnzeus’s 
description of this shell is so brief and inadequate, that 
it was supposed by Chemnitz and Bruguiere to refer to 
the little striped variety of the Conus Hebreus. In ac- 
cordance with that impression the species was introduced 
by those authors under the new title of Conus regius, sub- 
sequently adopted by Lamarck. It has been ascertained 
however by Mr. Cuming, on a late visit to Upsal, that 
the very specimen described by the ancient Professor of 
that city, still retained in the University Museum, is 
precisely identical with that here represented at Fig. 
36 a. 


Species 37. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus osrsus. Con. testdé obeso-turbinatd, obsolete coro- 
nati, alba, roseo et violaceo nubeculald, punctis niveis, 
maculisque et punctis nigerrimo-fuscis, profuse pictd ; 
spird concavo-obtusd, mucronata. 

Tue stout Cone. Shell stoutly turbinated, obsoletely 
coronated, white, clouded with faint rose and violet, 
and profusely painted with snowy spots, and very 
dark spots and blotches; spire concave, obtuse, 
pointed. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 623. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 453. 

Conus Ceylonicus, Chemnitz, Conch., vol. x. pl. 142. 
fe lteltee 


Hab. Ceylon, &c. 


The blotches arising from the partial distribution of 
the spots often assume the arrangement of two obsolete 
bands, a character least distinctly exhibited in the small- 
est specimens. 


Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus TEREBELLUM. 
elongata, albido-cinered aut rubella, striis elevatis fas- 


Con. testa cylindraceo-turbinatd, 


ciisque binis cinctd ; spird convead, obtusissimd. 

Tue Borer Cone. Shell cylindrically turbinated, long, 
pale ash or reddish brown colour, encircled with 
two bands and a number of elevated strie; spire 
convex, very obtuse. 

Marrrn1, Conch., vol. ii. pl. 52. f. 577. 

Get, Syst. Nat., p. 3390. 
Conus terebra, Born, Bruguiére, Lamarck. 

Hab. Islands of Ticao, Masbate, &c., Philippines; Cuming. 


To avoid confusion, I have restored to this well-known 
shell the original appellation given to it by Martini. 


Species 39. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus Terminus. Con. testd cylindraced, elongata, levi, 
albd, violaceo-tinctd, maculis grandibus perpaucis ir- 
regularibus, luteo-fuscis, sparsim ornatd ; spird con- 
vexo-acutd, canaliculata, anfractuum marginibus ele- 
vatis. 

Tue BorpER Cone. Shell cylindrical, long, smooth» 


white, stained with pale violet, ornamented with a 


March 1848. 


CONUS.—P tate VII. 


few large, irregular, scattered, yellowish brown 
blotches; spire convex and acute; edge of the 
whorls elevated almost into a border. 

Lamarcg, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 505. 

Hab. Ceylon, Mauritius, &c. 


The base of this shell is strongly striated, and some 
specimens are ornamented with a number of small, 
longitudizal, interrupted white flakes. 


Species 40. (Mus. Saul.) 


Conus siLenpipu.vus. Con. testdé turbinatd, solidiusculd, 
luteo-brunneo alboque alternatim fasciatd, lineis fus- 
cis, subfleruosis, plus minusve interruptis, vivid? 


cinctd ; spird concaviusculd, acutd, anfractuum mar- 
ginibus nigro-guttatis. 

Tue sPpLENDID Cone. Shell turbinated, rather solid, 
alternately banded with yellowish brown (softening 
into yellow) and white, and vividly encircled with 
a number of more or less interrupted, rather flexu- 
ous brown lines; spire rather concave and acute ; 
edge of the whorls stained with large black spots. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 53. 

Hab. 2 


I have just received from J. Dennison, Esq. (unfor- 
tunately too late for figuring) a beautiful variety of this 
shell, in which the brown bands are irregularly blotched 
upon a white ground, without any indication of yellow. 


+ 
: ; Fase ' 
vee oar 

\ 


Contis Ll Vi 


Sees 2 
Ses ae A 


PRS 


Nps, 


CONUS. 


Puate VIII. 


Species 41. (Fig. a@and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Nicoparicus. Con. testd turbinatd, albicante, 
furvo-nigricante irregulariter reticulatd, bifasciatd ; 
spird depresso-pland, coronatd, apice subelato ; an- 
fractibus superne concavo-canaliculatis ; fauce luted. 

Tur Niconar Cone. Shell turbinated, whitish, irregu- 
larly reticulated with dusky black, doubly banded ; 
spire flat, depressed, apex somewhat raised ; whorls 
concavely canaliculated round the upper part ; in- 
terior tinged with yellow. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 612. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 444. 

Hab. Island of Nicobar, &c. 


This shell approaches very closely to the C. araneosus; 
but may be readily distinguished by the reticulations 
being always larger and more blotchy ; the interior of the 
latter too never exhibits that warm yellow colour which 
is so conspicuous in this. Though the reticulated network 
of the specimen represented at Fig. a is exceedingly fine, 
it is of a totally different character to that of the Conus 


araneosus. 


Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus noctrurnus. Con. testd turbinatd, albicante, ni- 
gerrimo-fusco bifasciatd ; fasciis latissimis, maculis 
irregularibus albis supra infraque manentibus ; spird 
subdepressd, apice obtuso. 

Tur nocturnaL Cone. Shell turbinated, white, doubly 
banded with dark fuscous black ; bands very broad, 
with irregular white spots remaining above and be- 
low them; spire somewhat depressed, apex obtuse. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 611. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 443. 

Hab. Molluccas. 


The same opinion which I ventured to exercise in de- 
scribing the Admiral Cone has guided me in my de- 
scription of this and the proximate species. The ground 
of the shellis white,as shown by the interior, spire, &c., 
and the pattern is the dark superficial painting. 


Species 43. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus Banpanus. Con. testd turbinatd, carned, niger- 


rimo-fusco triangulariter reticulata, reticulis regula- 


ribus ; bifasciatd, fascid superiore latiore ; spird de- 

presso-concavd, coronatd, apice subobtuso. 

Shell turbinated, flesh-colour, tri- 
angularly reticulated with very dark brown, reticu- 
lations regular; doubly banded, the higher band 
always the broader; spire depressly concave, coro- 
nated, apex rather obtuse. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth., vol. i. part 2. p. 611. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 443. 

Hab. Philippine Islands, &c. 


Tue Banpa Cone. 


In the Coni araneosus and Nicobaricus the lower band 
The 


reticulations of the shell under consideration are, compa- 


is the broader, but in this species it is vice versd. 


ratively speaking, very regularly and distinctly por- 
trayed ; it may be recognised moreover by its warm fleshy 
ground colour. 


Species 44. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus araneosus. Con. testd turbinatd, pallide carneold, 
rubido-fusco confertim et subtilissime reticulatd, Sfas- 
cits duabus vel tribus cingulatd, infimd latissimd ; 
spird concavo-depressd, coronatd, apice obtuso. 

Tue copweB Cone. Shell turbinated, pale flesh-colour, 
very finely and closely reticulated with reddish 
brown hair lines, and encircled with two or three 
bands, the lowest of which is the broadest; spire 
concavely depressed, coronated, apex obtuse. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth., vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 612. 

Lamarcs, Anim. sans vert. vol. vil. p. 444. 


Hab. Ceylon, Philippine Islands, &c. 


This shell which often attains a much larger size than 
that of the specimen here represented, may very fairly 
be distinguished from the C. Nicobaricus to which it is 
most nearly allied; the reticulations are very much finer, 
and the spire is not so flat, the shell is moreover of much 
stouter growth and never exhibits any colour in the in- 


terior. 


a 


Species 45. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus vipua. Con. testd turbinatd, albd, fusco subtilis- 
sime reticulatd, reticulis ruptis subsparsis ; fasciis 
binis nigerrimo-fuscis, maculis albis sparsis, irregu- 
lariter punctatis, cincld; spird concavo-depressd, co- 
ronatd, apice subobtuso. 

Tur wipow Cone. Shell turbinated, white, very finely 


April 1848. 


CONUS.—Pratze. VIII. 


reticulated with brown scattered broken lines, and 
encircled with two broad bands of very dark brown, 
irregularly dotted and blotched with white spots ; 
spire concavely depressed, coronated, apex rather 
obtuse. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 


Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs ); Cuming. 

This curiously mottled Cone presents a very different 
style of painting from any hitherto described species. 
Several specimens were found by Mr. Cuming, such as 
the one represented at Fig. 6, but only one of the age 
and dimensions of the other. 


Conis LU 14 


F6a 


CONUS. 


Puate IX. 


ecies 46. (Fig. a to g, Mus. Stainforth and Cuming.) 


YNUS CEDO-NULLI. Con. testd turbinatd, aurantid, vel 
olivaceo-fulvd, vel olivaceo-castaned, vel purpureo- 
nigricante, nigro articulatim punctatd, maculis albis, 
disjunctis aut confluentibus, irregulariter pictd ; spird 
concavo-elatd, indistinct? coronatd. 

IE MATCHLESS Cone. Shell turbinated, either orange, 
or olive yellow, or olive chestnut, or purple black, 
articulately dotted with black, andirregularly painted 
with white spots, disjoined or flowing together ; 
spire concavely raised, indistinctly coronated. 

JEIN, Tent. Ost., p. 70. No. 46. 

UGUIERE, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part ii. p. 602. 
pl. 316. f. 1 to 9. 

ib. West Indies (in deep water). 


Such are the normal characters of this far-famed Cone; 
t so variably are they developed in every specimen I 
ve examined, that to be able to establish a strict con- 
ntional set of varieties is beyond all hope. ‘This has 
en nevertheless attempted ; Bruguiére in the ‘ Ency- 
ypédie Méthodique’ particularizes nine varieties, and 
t only enters into an elaborate exposition of each, but 
tinguishes them by the following titles, C. c. ammi- 
is, mappa, Curassaviensis, Trinitarius, Martinicanus, 
minicanus, Surinamensis, Grenadensis and Caraccanus. 
By these additional names it would appear that seven 
rleties out of the nine described by this author, who 
strictly followed by Lamarck, are confined to the par- 
ular localities which their names indicate. If varieties 
the Conus cedo-nulli could be defined and shown 
reover to be each of local nature, a better mode of 
angement could not well be introduced; but I doubt 
this is to be proved. 
rrence, and I must therefore be content to describe the 
lividual specimens before me, believing them to ex- 


The species is of very rare oc- 


it as great and magnificent varieties of colour and 
rking as any that have been hitherto collected toge- 
Ta 

Variety a. (Fig. 46 a. Mus. Cuming.) 


ta aurantio alboque nebulosa, aurantio albo-puncticu- 
lato, albo aurantto-puncticulaio. 

ell clouded with orange and white, the white dotted 
with orange, the orange dotted with white. 


Vhis shell is the most delicate of the series; the co- 


Jour being light orange upon a faint purplish white 
ground. 


Variety 6. (Fig. 46 6, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Testa olivaceo-castanea, nigro alboque articulatim cincta, 
maculis albis interdum undatim confluentibus. 

Shell olive chestnut articulately encircled with black 
and white, the white spots flowing together in 
places in a zigzag direction. 


The painting of this shell is remarkably striking; the 
white zigzag and beaded spots, being shaded as it were 
on the outer side by a black border, appear to stand out 
in relief upon the rich olive ground. It is very distinct 
from any variety that has been either figured or de- 
scribed. 


Variety c. (Fig. 46 c, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Testa purpureo-alba, maculis punctisque olivaceo-castaneis 
parce variegata. 

Shell purplish white, sparingly variegated with olive 
chestnut dots and patches. 


The distribution of colour in this shell is not much 
unlike that in Var. @; instead however of being a light 
bright orange it is a rich dark olive chestnut. This 
specimen may probably be the Conus cedo-nulli Carac- 
canus of Bruguiére, figured by Schubert and Wagner in 
their Supplement to the ‘ Conchylien Cabinet,’ pl. 220. 
f. 3054. 


Variety d. (Fig. 46 d, Mus. Cuming.) 


Testa olivaceo-fulva, maculis albis, sepissim® conjunctis, 
Sasciata, puncticulis albis et nigris articulatim cincta. 

Shell olive yellow, banded with white spots, for the most 
part joined together, and articulately encircled with 
numerous rings of black and white black-bordered 
dots. 


This shell has a lighter ground-colour than that of 
any except Var. a and 6, the white spots are arranged 
in narrow bands, and the spire in this specimen is pe- 
culiarly depressed. 


Variety e. (Fig. 46 e, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Testa purpureo-nigricans, maculis purpureo-albis longitu- 
dinaliter confluentibus in medio ornata, puncticulis 
purpureo-albis et nigris articulatim cincta. 

Shell purple-black, ornamented round the middle with 


April 1843. 


" 


CONUS .—Prate IX. 


longitudinally zigzag flowing purple-white spots, 
and articulately encircled with rings of black and 
purple-white dots. 


A dark-jet purple shell of surpassing rarity and beauty, 
to which neither figure nor description can do justice. 


Variety f. (Fig. 46 f, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Testa olivaceo-fulva, maculis irregularibus, purpureo-albis, 
superne et in medio fasciata, puncticulis purpureo- 
albis et nigris articulatim cincta. 

Shell olive-yellow, banded round the middle and upper 
parts with irregular purple-white spots, and articu- 
lately encircled with rings of black and purple- 
white dots. 


I believe this variety to be the Conus cedo-nulli ammi- 
ralis of Bruguiére, Conus cedo-nulli verus seu principalis 
of Lamarck, the type of the series and very distinct 
from any other. The shell here represented, in the 
finest possible condition, is of a bright olive yellow 
colour, hence we may infer that Lamarck’s cinnamon- 
coloured specimens (aurantio-cinnamomea), figured in 
Delessert’s ‘ Recueil de Coquilles,’ may be worn or dis- 


coloured. 


Variety g. (Fig. 46 g, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Testa olivaceo-castanea, albo nigro-puncticulato superne, 


median? et inferne fasciata ; puncticulis albis et nigris 
articulatim cincta. 

Shell dark olive chestnut, banded round the lower, mid- 
dle, and upper parts with black-dotted white, and 
articulately encircled with rings of black and white 
dots. 


There is arich but smaller specimen of this variety in 
the magnificent collection of M. B. Delessert at Paris 
(‘ Recueil de Coquilles,’ pl. 40. fe Tia) 


I may be censured probably by many for not adhering 
to the scale of varieties adopted by Bruguiére and La 
marck; few, however, could have laboured more pa 
tiently to arrange their specimens in accordance witl 
the views of those authors, and none to less advantage 
for the painting of this species is of infinite characte 
and colour. 

The Conus cedo-nulli being an inhabitant of deep wa 


| ter, and therefore rarely cast ashore, is a shell highly t 


be prized by collectors ; its rarity and surpassing beaut 
have been expatiated upon by writers from Klein t 
those of the present day, and it may still be said to mer 
the title of “I yield to none.” 


Conits [14 


CONUS. 


Puate X. 


Species 47. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus BarpapeEnsis. Con. testd abbreviato-conicd, 
obesd, coronatd, spird subdepressd, basi granulate ; 
albd, castaneo-rufescente bifasciatim variegatd, lineis 
Suscis brevibus, interruptis, ubique picta. 

Tae Barpapvors Cone. Shell shortly conical, stout, 

coronated, spire slightly depressed, base granulated ; 
white, variegated with light reddish chestnut in the 
form of two bands, and everywhere painted with 
short, interrupted brown lines. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 632. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. v. p. 457. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 105. 

Hab. West Indies; Bruguiére. 


The dark transverse lines are long and well-defined 
upon the coloured portion of this shell ; but on the white 
ground they are very much broken, and might perhaps 
with propriety be called linear dots. 


Species 48. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus GENERALIS. 
acute angulatd, apice vald? acuminato ; alba, citrino 
aut fusco fasciatd et variegatd, basi nigra. 

THE GENERAL Cone. Shell elongately conical, spire 
sharply angular, apex very strongly acuminated, 
white, banded and variegated with brown or citron- 
colour, base black. 

Linyzus, Syst. Nat., p. 1166. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. v. p. 464. 

Hab. Ceylon, &e. 


Con. testé elongato-conicd, spird 


Variety a. (Fig. 48 a.) 


Testa alba, citrino fasciata, strigis longitudinalibus nigris, 
undatis, plus minusve ornata. 

Shell white, banded with citron-colour, 
less ornamented with black longitudinal waved 
streaks. 


nd more or 


Variety B. (Fig. 48 6.) 


Testa alba, fusco irregulariter variegata et fasciata. 
Shell white, irregularly variegated and banded with dark 
brown. 


I include all the varieties of this species under the 
two foregoing heads, in order to avoid the confusion 


that must arise from the too close definition of characters 
so variable. It approximates very closely to the C. Mal- 
divus, but may be for the most part distinguished by 
its elongated form and more elevated spire. 


Species 49. (Mus. Dennison.) 


Conus Matraccanus. Con. testd turbinatd, levi, basi 
sulcatd, spird convexiusculd, canaliculatd, apice acu- 
tissime mucronato ; albd, aurantio-helvd bifasciata, 
Sascid inferiore, latiore, super subtisque fusco varie- 
gatd, lineisque paucis, fusco alboque articulatis, con- 
catenatis, cinctd. 

Tue Matacca Cone. Shell turbinated, smooth, base 
suleated, spire gently convex, canaliculated, apex 
very sharply pointed; white, doubly banded with 
pale orange red, the lower band being the broader, 
and curiously variegated above and below with 
dark brown, encircled also with short lines of brown 
and white articulated and linked together. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 645. pl. 325. 

Lamarcg, Anim. sans vert., vol. v. p. 465. 

Conus canaliculatus, Chemnitz, Conch., vol. ii. 
pl. 181. f. 1748 and 1749. 
Hab. Straits of Malacca ? 


Iam much indebted to my kind friend J. Dennison, 
Esq. for the loan of the magnificent shell here represented. 
The singular style of painting which distinguishes this 
species is most characteristically portrayed, and the 
size of the specimen greatly exceeds any that I have hi- 
therto seen. 


Species 50. (Fig. a, Mus. Belcher; Fig. }, Mus. 
Cuming.) 


Conus Omarcus. Con. testa albicante, maculis aurantio- 
fuscis, subquadratis, irregularibus, numerosissimis, 
lineariter dispositis, cingulatd ; macularum lineis 
sepe in fasciis duabus vel tribus densissimée approai- 
matis ; spird subcanaliculatd, apice mucronato. 

Tue Sr. Oma Cone. 
ded with a number of irregular square orange- 


Shell whitish, encircled or stud- 


brown spots, arranged in regular transverse lines ; 
the lines of spots often very thickly approximated 
together in two or three places so as to form bands ; 
spire slightly canaliculated ; apex sharp-pointed. 


April 1848. 


CONUS.—P tate X. 


Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 714. pl. 339. 
1% ok 
Volute d’Oma ou de St. Thoma, Argenville. 
Thalassiarchus Insule St. Oma, Martini. 
Conus St. Thome, Chemnitz. 

Hab. Amboyna. 


Two magnificent specimens of the Conus omaicus, in 
the finest possible state of preservation, enable me to 
furnish a more complete illustration of this species than 
has hitherto been published. In the specimen repre- 
sented at Fig. a the brown spots are small, exceedingly 
numerous, and disposed in bands, whilst in that repre- 
sented at Fig. 6 they are broader and more detached. 
The dark orange brown is the only colour in the shell. 


Species 51. (Mus. Saul.) 


Conus neBuLosus. Con. testd obeso-conicd, subventri- 
cosd, basi sulcatd; spird concavo-elatd, coronatd, 
apice subobtuso ; olivaceo-cinered, transversim fusco- 
lineata, maculis albis et purpureis varie nebulosd. 

THE cLoupED Cone. Shell stoutly conical, rather ven- 
tricose, base sulcated ; spire concavely raised, co- 
ronated, apex rather obtuse; olive-ash-coloured, 
marked across with dark brown lines, and variously 
clouded with white spots shaded with purple. 

Soranper, Bruguiére, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. ii. part 1. 
p- 607 ; Enc. Meéth., pl. 317. f. 1. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. v. p. 449. 

Hab. West Indies. 


Being unable to appreciate the varieties of the Conus 
nebulosus noted by Bruguiére and Lamarck, I content 
myself with this single illustration. 


nus PLAT. 


Co 


Vincent Brochs, [rip 


Sowerby, delet Lith 


COON US: 


Prater XI. 


Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus RETICULATUS. Con. testa abbreviato-turbinatd, 
solidd, alba, lineis fuscis, subdistantibus, interdum 
interruptis, transverse pictd ; interstitiis lineis longi- 
tudinalibus brevibus, arcuatis, subirregulariter reticu- 
latd, reticulis fusco hic illic nebulosis ; spird convexo- 
obtusd, levi, maculis fuscis reticulatis tessellata ; 
basi sulcatd. 

Tue ReETICULATED Cong. Shell abbreviately turbinated, 
solid, white, transversely painted with rather distant 
chestnut-brown lines, interrupted in places, the 
interstices between which are somewhat irregularly 
reticulated with short, curved, longitudinal lines of 
the same colour, the reticulated spaces being 
blotched or clouded here and there with chestnut- 
brown ; spire convexly obtuse, smooth, tessellated 
with blotches of reticulated brown ; base grooved. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 86. 

Conus lucidus ?, Wood (undescribed). 
Hab. Island of La Plata (found in coarse sand) ; Cuming. 


I know of no Cone that can be at all confounded with 
the species under consideration ; the brown lines, painted 
upon a clear, bluish- white ground, look as though they 
had been ruled by artificial process. 


Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, in 
medio leviter coarctatd, furvo-aurantid, maculis gran- 


Conus PULCHELLUS. 


dibus sinuatis medianeé et superné ornatd, punctisque 
Fuscis numerosis ubique seriatim cinctd; spird de- 
pressd, spiraliter canaliculatd et striata ; basi pal- 
lide purpured, leviter nodulosa, fauce purpured. 

Tue prerry Cone. 
contracted in the middle, ornamented round the 
top and near the middle with a yow of large irre- 
gularly sinuated white blotches, and encircled 
throughout with rows of very fine brown dots; 
spire depressed, spirally canaliculated and striated ; 
base pale purple, slightly nodulous, purple within. 

Swainson, Zool. Illus., Ist series, vol. ii. pl. 65. 


Variety 3. (Vide Plate XXIII.) 


Testa largior, tumidior, bifasciata, punctis indistinctis ; 
spird pallidé purpured, non canaliculata. 


Shell oblong-turbinated, slightly | 


Conus cinctus, Swainson, Zool. Illus., 1st series, 
vol. ii. pl. 116. 


Hab. ? 


This shell is rarely to be found with its specific pecu- 
liarities so distinctly portrayed as in the specimen here 


figured; Swainson appears indeed to have been singu- 
larly misled by it. 
clouded into each other, and in var. /3. (which is not 
uncommon in collections) they become altogether lost, 
assuming the character of a broad uninterrupted band. 
The shell in this state (var. /3.) is the C. cinctus of the 
same author, a name perhaps better known to English 
collectors than the one I have adopted; the French 
collectors, however, have it marked C. pulchellus, and I 
follow them in this respect, because I think it prudent 
to preserve the title of that variety which represents 
My atten- 
tion was not drawn to the affinity here described until 
I observed the common variety thus marked in the Paris 
collections; and as this happened after the accompany- 
ing plate was engraved, I must refer the reader to Pl. 23. 
for a figure and further account of it. 


The sinuated spots are ordinarily 


the species in its most characteristic state. 


The variety in 
question approaches very closely in form and general 
appearance to the C. lineatus or vitulinus (I believe 
Swainson’s C. vitulinus, var., pl. 128. of the same series 
of ‘Illustrations’ to be nothing more than a pale specimen 
of the species under consideration), but neither of these 
Cones exhibit the least indication of that clear bright 
purple which forms so distinguished an ornament to 
the C. pulchellus. 


Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Conus Cariraneus. Con. testa turbinatd, olivaceo-flavidd, 
Sasciis duabus albis, nigerrimo-fusco-maculatis, lineis- 
que punctatis cinctd ; spird obtuso-convexd, albd, oli- 
vaceo-fusco tessellatd, punctis striisque corrugatis 
subtilissime reticulatd ; basi striata, fauce ceruleo- 
purpurea. 

Tur Caprary Cong. Shell turbinated, olive-yellow, 
encircled with two white blackish-brown spotted 
bands and a number of blackish-brown dotted lines ; 
spire obtusely convex, white, tessellated with olive- 
brown, and very finely reticulated with indented 
dots and striz ; base striated, bluish-purple within. 

Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3376. 


June 1843. 


CONUS.—Ptate XI. 


Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 469. 
Hab. Asiatic Seas: Philippine Islands; Cuming. 


This species, like all that we have in common, offers 
innumerable varieties, differing more or less in size, CO- 
lour, and character of painting; it may nevertheless be 
identified with tolerable accuracy, though passing very 
nearly in some instances into Conus vexillum or Suma- 


trensis. 


Species 55. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus TENDINEUS. Con. testa elongatd, cylindraced, 


transversim striatd, striis elevatiusculis, interdum 
granulosis ; albidd aut pallide violaced, castaneo-fusco 
transversim et longitudinaliter inquinatd ; spird con- 
vexo-elatd, apice violaceo, mucronato ; basi intus ex- 
tusque violaced. 

THE OUTSTRETCHED Cone. Shell elongated, cylindrical, 
transversely striated, striz rather elevated, some- 
times granulated; whitish or pale violet-colour, 
transversely and longitudinally bedaubed with 
chestnut-brown; spire convexly raised, apex violet, 
finely pointed ; base violet within and without. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. 1. part 2. p. 738. 
Terebellum violaceum, Chemnitz. 

Variety /. 

Testa minor, striis subtilioribus, confertis ; violaceo-cas- 
tanea, maculis albis parvis oblongis perpaucis in medio 
suboblique cincta. 

Shell smaller, strie much finer and closer; violet-tinged 
chestnut-brown colour, obliquely encircled round 
the middle with a very few small white oblong 
spots. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 64. 

Hab. Islands of Mauritius, Annaa, &c. 


It is a thing of such common occurrence to find the 
same species of Cone, both smooth and granulated, that 
I have not thought it necessary to mark these different 
appearances as special varieties in the Conus tendineus, 
although granulated specimens of this shell are very 
rarely to be met with. The variety 3. above described 
is curious on account of its uniform dark colour, and the 
very delicate character of the strie. 


Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus NussareLua. Con. testd elongato-cylindraced, 
transversim  striatd, striis elevatiusculis, interdum 
leviter granulosis ; albd, fulvo vel aurantio nebulatd, 
punctis nigerrimo-fuscis ubique seriatim cinctd ; spird 
convexo-exsertd, apice mucronato. 


Tue Nussaretta Cong. Shell elongately cylindrical, 


transversely striated, striz rather elevated, some- 
times slightly granulated; white, clouded with 
yellow or orange, and everywhere encircled with 
rows of blackish-brown dots ; spire convexly raised, 
apex finely pointed. 

Liynzvus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3390. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 515. 
Conus terebra, Chemnitz. 

Hab. Philippine and Society Islands; Cuming. 


This shell is said to have been first found at a small 
island called the Island of Nussatella; it is abundantly 
distributed throughout the tropical regions, and exhibits 
little variation of character. Sowerby distinguishes a 
small variety found by Mr. Cuming at the island of 
Annaa, in which the spots are fewer and more distant 
from each other (vide Pro. Zool. Soc., 1834, p. 18; 
Conch. Illus., f. 62.); but 1 do not think it important. 


Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus amasitis. Con. testd turbinatd, rosed, purpureo 
pallidissimé nebulatd, maculis grandibus albis, trian- 
gulariter undatis, superne et mediane cinctd, maculis 
perpaucis quoque, indistinctis, ad basim interdum or- 
natd ; transversim leviter pertusd ; spird obtuso-con- 
verd, roseo alboque variegatd, striis punctisque sub- 
tilissime reticulata. 

Tue tovety Cone. Shell turbinated, rose-coloured, 
very palely clouded or washed with purple, encir- 
cled round the middle and upper parts with large 
white triangularly waved spots, and ornamented 
at the base also with a very few indistinct spots ; 
slightly pricked across; spire obtusely convex, va- 
riegated with rose-colour and white, and very finely 
reticulated with fine striz and punctures. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 503. 


Variety 6. 
Testa striis elevatis transverse lirata. 
Shell transversely ridged with strong raised striz. 


Hab. {sland of Capul, Philippines (found on the reefs) , 


Cuming. 


This richly coloured shell approximates very closely 
to the Conus pertusus in its general detail, but I still 
think Lamarck is right in describing them as separate 
and distinct species. There is a certain tenuity and 
graceful contour in the C. pertusus which is not to be 
found in the C. amabilis, and a peculiarity in the white- 
flaked painting of the former serves to distinguish them at 
a glance. The variety 3. above noted, covered with fine 
ridges, has a very pretty appearance, 


contts. LCA 


596 


Sowerby Bel. c& Ath 


CONUS. 


Piate XII. 


Species 58. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus varius. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, granulatd, 
granulis grandibus, subdistantibus ; spird solidd, elatd, 
coronata ; albd, maculis castaneis grandibus varie- 
gatd, interstitiis castaneo punctatis. 

TuE FRECKLED Cone. Shell oblong, turbinated, granu- 
lated, granules large and rather distant ; spire solid, 
raised, coronated; white, variegated with large 
chestnut spots, interstices spotted with chestnut. 

Linyzvus, Syst. Nat., 2. p. 1170. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 454; Enc. Méth., 
pl. 321. f. 3. 

Papyrus marmorata, Chemnitz. 

Hab. Philippine Islands, &c. 


The chestnut spots which ornament this shell, appear 
to increase gradually in size and intensity of colour, as it 
advances in growth; and towards the base of the shell 
they so closely approximate as to assume the nature of 
a band. ‘The granules are large and of very peculiar 
character. 


Species 59. (Fig. a, Mus. Belcher, fig. 6 and c, Mus. 
Stainforth.) 

Con. testa elongato-turbinatd, su- 
perne ventricosd, solidd, medio subattenuatd, basin 
versus sulcatd ; spird concavo-elatd, canaliculatd ; 
alba, maculis fuscis aut purpureis longitudinaliter 
undatis, variegatd, eodem colore pallidiore nebulosd. 

Tue Governor Cone. Shell elongately turbinated, 
solid, and ventricose round the upper part, slightly 
attenuated in the middle, grooved towards the base ; 
spire concavely raised, canaliculated ; white, varie- 
gated with longitudinally waved purple or pinkish 
brown blotches, and clouded with a faint wash of 
the same colour. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 727. pl. 340. 
f. 4 to 6. 

Hab. Ceylon, &c. 


Conus GuBERNATOR. 


The form of this species is peculiar and constant, but 
the painting is variable in the extreme, some specimens 
being ornamented with large deep-coloured blotches, 
whilst others exhibit no ornamental character beyond a 
few scattered longitudinal lines or slips. The variety 
represented at Fig. 59 a, from the collection made by 
Sir Edward Belcher in H.M.S. Sulphur, differs materially 


from any that I remember to have seen, and is remark- 
able for its very delicate distribution of light and shade. 


Species 60. (Mus. Dennison.) 


Conus imperrauis. Con. testa oblongo-turbinatd, basin 
versus subangustatd ; spird depressd, tuberculis majus- 
culis coronatd ; albd, luteo-castaneo bifasciatd, punc- 
tis lineisque solidis interruptis purpureo-nigricantibus 
cinctd, ceruleo hic illic tinetd. 

Shell oblong turbinated, rather 
narrowed towards the base; spire depressed, coro- 
nated with rather large tubercles ; white, encircled 
with two yellow chestnut bands, and a number of 
purple black dots and solid interrupted lines of the 
same colour; stained also here and there with blue. 

Liynxvus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin) p. 3374. 

Lamarcg, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 445. 

Hab. Philippine Islands, &c. (found under stones at low 
water); Cuming. 


THE IMPERIAL Cone. 


The painting of this beautiful shell is certainly of the 
most elaborate character that can well be conceived. 


Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus monitK. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, basin ver- 
sus angustatd ; spird depressd, subcanaliculatd, apice 
mucronato ; albida, rubello plus minusve tinctd, ma- 
culis lineisque rubido-fuscis seriatim cinctd. 

Shell oblong turbinated, nar- 
rowed towards the base; spire depressed, slightly 
canaliculated, apex pointed; whitish, more or less 
stained with a wash of bistre red, and encircled with 
rows of reddish-brown spots and lines. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 646. 

Cuemnitz, Conch., vol. x. pl. 140. f. 1301 to 13038. 

Hab. Ceylon, &c. 


THE NECKLACE Cone. 


In some specimens the spots are slightly extended in 
a longitudinal direction. 


Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Aurora. Con. testa subcylindraceo-turbinata, 
tenui, ventricosd, levi; spird convexd, rosaced, punc- 


tis cinereo-albis, fuscescente pallid? umbratis, sparsim 


May 1843. 


CONUS.—Prate XII. 


et irregulariter variegatd, punctis medio et inferne 
Sfasciata. 

Tue Mornine Cone. Shell rather cylindrically turbi- 
nated, thin, ventricose, smooth; spire convex, 
rose-colour, sparingly and irregularly variegated 


with ashy white dots, palely shaded with faint | 


brown, and encircled round the middle and base 
with a narrow band of the same spots. 


Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 500. 
Sowersy, Conch. Illus. Conus f. 7. 

Conus rosaceus ? Chemnitz. 
Hab. Cape Natal, Southern Africa; Dr. Kranz. 


Chemnitz’s figure of this species, quoted by Lamarck, 
is evidently copied from a worn specimen; it is a light 
ventricose shell, and cannot well be confounded with any 
other. 


Contts LL AU 


CONUS: 


Prate XIII. 


Species 63. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Conus patrictus. Con. testa pyriformi, tumidd, carned, 
epidermide luted indutd, spird concavo-elatd, minute 
tuberculato-coronatd, apice valde acuminato ; anfractu 
ultimo transvers? striato, striis leviter undulatis, su- 
perne plicato, inferne valdé attenuato; labro tenui, 
acuto. 

Tue parrici1An Cone. Shell pyriform, swollen, flesh- 
coloured, covered with a smooth, yellow, semi-trans- 
parent epidermis ; spire concavely raised, minutely 
coronated with tubercles, apex very sharply acumi- 
nated; last whorl transversely striated, striz slightly 
waved, plaited round the upper part, very much 
attenuated towards the lower ; lip thin and acute. 

Hinps, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1843. 

Hab. Gulf of Nicoya, Central America (dredged from 
sandy mud at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Hinds. 


The chief peculiarity of this elegant little shell appears 
in the angle of the whorls being finely plaited. As one 
whorl lodges in its turn upon the other, the lower por- 
tion of the plaits becomes, of course, concealed, and the 
spire thus assumes the appearance of being most mi- 
nutely coronated. 


Species 64. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Conus caxess. Con. testd subpyriformi, spird levi, ro- 
tundatd, apice mucronato ; alba, ad apicem basinque 
violaced, epidermide corned, olivaced, crassd, indutd ; 
transverse lineatd, lineis elevatis, equidistantibus. 

Tue BacHEtor Cone. Shell somewhat pyriform, spire 
smooth, rounded, apex pointed; white, violet at the 
base and apex, covered with a thick, horny, olive- 
coloured epidermis ; transversely lineated, lines ele- 
vated equidistant. 

Hryps, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1843. 

Hab. Ambow, Feejee Islands (found on the coral reefs) ; 
Hinds. 


The colour and sculpture of this shell are precisely the 
same as that of the Conus terebellum, from which it ap- 
pears to differ in size, in the short rounded character of 
the spire, and in the nature of the epidermis. These 
however are no more than the common indications of 
early growth, and I now strongly suspect that the Conus 
celebs of Mr. Hinds, a shell which, from the deceptive 
character of its epidermis, I certainly was at one time as 


much struck with as himself, may prove to be merely a 
young specimen of the Conus terebellum, the epidermis 
being of the same thick and horny nature as in that 
species. 


Species 65. (Mus. Hinds.) 


Con. testa abbreviato-turbinatd, 
levi, basin versus sulcatd, alba, fusco lat? reticulata ; 
spird depressd, leviter canaliculatd, spiraliter striata ; 
apice mucronato. 


Conus Marcuionatus. 


Tue Marcatoness Cone. Shell shortly turbinated, 
smooth, grooved towards the base, white, widely 
reticulated with brown; spire depressed, slightly 
canaliculated, spirally striated; apex sharp-pointed. 

Hinps, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1843. 

Hab. Port Anna Maria, Nuhuhiva, Marquesas (dredged 
from a sandy floor at the depth of from seven to ten 


fathoms) ; Hinds. 


This shell somewhat resembles a small Conus marmo- 
ratus; it differs however in not being coronated, the 
spire is more depressed, and the reticulated painting of 
the shell is more open. 


Species 66. (Mus. Rucker.) 


Conus nimposus. Con. testa cylindraceo-turbinata, spira 
depress, apice mucronato ; transversim sulcatd, sul- 
eis numerosis, angustis ; pallide rosea, rubido-fusco 
obsolete bifasciatd, punctis lineolisque rufo-purpureis 
aut fuscis ubique cinctd ; fauce rosed. 

Tur rnatny Cone. Shell cylindrically turbinated, spire 
depressed, apex pointed; transversely grooved, 
grooves numerous and narrow; pale rose-colour, 
faintly banded in two places with reddish brown, 
and everywhere encircled with brown or reddish 
purple dots and small lines; interior pink. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 732. 

Lamarck, Anim, sans vert., vol. vii. p.512; Enc. Méth., 
pl. 341. f. 5. 

Hab. Ceylon. 


I know of no species that can be at all confounded 
with this; the painting is of very peculiar character. 


Species 67. (Mus. Taylor.) 


Conus BEeTutinus. Con. testd obeso-turbinatd, solidé, 


May 1843. 


CONUS.—P arte XIII. 


basin versus sulcatd ; spird rotundatd, convexiusculd, 
Fusco vivide maculata, apice mucronato ; citrind, ma- 
culis punctisque fuscis varie cinctd. 

THE BUTTER-FIRKIN Conse. Shell stoutly turbinated, 
solid, grooved towards the base; spire rounded, 
rather convex, vividly spotted with brown, apex 
pointed; citron-coloured, variously encircled with 
brown dots and spots. 

Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin), p. 3383. 

Marrint, Conch., vol. ii. pl. 60. f. 665. 

Hab. Ceylon, &c. 


Lamarck enumerates six varieties of this well-known 
species, differing more or less in the number, shape and 
arrangement of the dots and spots. 


Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus tornatus. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, subfu- 
siformi, leviter sulcatd ; spird valde elatd, turrito-acu- 
minatd, apice acuto; albd, fusco-nigricante bifasciatim 
nebulosd, punctis fuscis irregularibus ubique cinctd. 

Tue TurNED Cons. Shell eclongately turbinated, rather 
fusiform, slightly grooved; spire very elevated, tur- 
rited, apex sharp; white, clouded with blackish 
brown so as to form two faint bands, and every- 
where encircled with rows of dark irregular dots. 

Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 25. 

Hab. Xipixapi, Central America (found in sandy mud at 
the depth of from ten to twelve fathoms) ; Cuming. 


The Conus interruptus, from which this species may be 
readily distinguished by the turrited elevation of the 
spire, is perhaps the nearest allied to it. 


Species 69. (Mus. Adamson.) 


Conus Furvus. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, angustd, 
levi, spird elatd ; luteold, Sasciis duabus, latis, Survo- 
Suscis, cingulatd ; aperturd lineari. 

Tue pusky Cone. Shell elongately turbinated, narrow, 
smooth, spire elevated; yellowish, encircled with 
two broad, dusky brown bands; aperture linear. 


ReeEvE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 
Hab. Islands of Ticao and Masbate, Philippines (found 
in sandy mud at low water); Cuming. 


I kindly thank Mr. Adamson for sending me this new 
and interesting Cone, a few specimens of which have 
been collected by Mr. Cuming. 


Species 70. (Mus. Dennison.) 


Conus pyrirormis. Con. testd symmetrice pyriformi, 
transversim subtilissime striatd, basin versus leviter 
sulcatd ; anfractibus superne rotundatis, spird con- 
vexiusculd, spiraliter sulcatd, apice elato, basi paulu- 
lum recurvd ; albidd, carneo eximie tinctd. 

Tue prar-sHarep Conz. Shell symmetrically pyriform, 
transversely very finely striated, slightly grooved 
towards the base ; whorls rounded superiorly, spire 
gently convex, spirally grooved, apex raised, base a 
little recurved ; whitish, delicately tinged with flesh- 
colour. 

Hab. Bays of Caraccas and Montija, West Columbia 
(dredged from sandy mud at the depth of from seven 
to ten fathoms) ; Cuming. 


This shell attains a much larger size than that of the 
specimen, which I have here selected on account of the 
extreme delicacy of its colour. 


Species 71. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus artoptus. Con. testd cylindraced, angustd, trans- 
versim granoso-striatd ; spird convexd, rotundatd ; 
albidd, aurantio-fusco trifasciatim nebulosd, intersti- 
tiis punctatis ; aperturd lineari. 

THE BAKED Cone. Shell cylindrical, narrow, trans- 
versely granulously striated; spire convex, rounded; 
whitish, banded in three places with clouded spots 
of orange-brown, the interstices being dotted with 
the same colour; aperture linear. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 35. 

Hab. ? 


There can be no doubt of the specific importance of 
this shell; in form it bears some resemblance to the 
Conus clavus, but it differs materially in all other respects 
from any species of the genus. 


= 
' 
a 
7 
r 
i 7 
_— 
i 
6 - 
. — 
: ‘ 
= 
7 
_ 
- 


Contes LL ATV 


COIN UES: 


PLATE XIV. 


Species 72. (Fig. a & b, Mus. Cuming.) 

Conus BrunneEvus. Con. testa turbinatd, crassd, fortiter 
coronatd ; fusca, maculis albis, longitudinaliter sinu- 
atis, fasciatim dispositis, cinctd ; spird subprominuld, 
albo fuscoque maculatd, spiraliter sulcatd, coronatd, 
tuberculis solidis, grandibus ; basi lineatd, lineis eleva- 
tis, subgranosis. 

Tue Brown Cone. Shell turbinated, thick, strongly 
coronated; brown, encircled with two bands of 
longitudinally sinuated white spots; spire rather 
prominent, spotted with brown and white, spirally 
grooved, coronated, tubercles large and solid; base 
lineated, lines slightly granulous. 

Woop, Ind. Test. Supp., pl. 3. f. 1. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1834; Conch. Illus., f. 63. 


Variety 6. (Fig. 72 6.) 

Testa crassior, obesior, immaculata, tota fusca, lineis 
saturatioribus transversis et longitudinalibus vivide 
picta. 

Shell thicker, stouter, entirely brown, vividly painted 
with transverse and longitudinal lines of a darker 
brown. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1834. 

Hab. Puerto Portrero, Panama, and the Gallapagos 
Islands (found in clefts of rocks); Cuming. 


The colour of this shell is a very clear bright brown, 
and it does not exhibit the slightest tinge of any other 
colour. The spire varies considerably in its elevation 
in the two specimens now before me, being much flatter 
and more depressed in the darker variety ; both are re- 
markably strongly coronated. 


Species 73. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus aurantius. Con. testa oblongo-turbinatd, coro- 
natd, transversim seriatim granulatd ; aurantid, ma- 
culis grandibus perpaucis albis superne, mediane et 
inferne cinctd ; granulis hic illic albis ; spird elata. 

Tue oranGE Cone. Shell oblong-turbinated, coronated, 
transversely granulated; orange, encircled round 
the upper, lower, and middle parts with large white 
spots; granules in regular rows, here and there 
white ; spire raised. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 606. 


Variety 5. (Fig. 73 5.) 
Testa citrino-fusca, albo-maculata, granulis minoribus. 


Shell dark citron-brown, white-spotted, granules smaller. 
Hab. Moluccas. 


The Conus aurantius approximates very closely to the 
Conus cedo-nulli in its varieties of colour and marking ; 
it may, however, be readily distinguished from that 
species by its more oblong form. In the dark variety 
the granules are light over the dark painting, and dark 
over the light spaces. 


Species 74. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus marmorevs. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, trans- 
versim striata, nigro alboque varie marmoratd, macu- 
lis albis sepissime suhtrigonis ; spird concavo-cana- 
liculatd, obtusa, tuberculis coronatd, tuberculis etate 
interdum subobsoletis. 

THE MARBLE Cone. Shell oblong, turbinated, trans- 
versely striated, variously marbled with black and 
white, white spots generally of a triangular form ; 
spire concavely canaliculated, obtuse, coronated 
with tubercles, tubercles sometimes nearly obsolete 
with age. 

Linyazus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), no. 3374. 

Lamarck, Anim, sans vert., vol. vil. p. 442. 

Hab. Chinese Seas. 


The spots, though excessively varied in the specimen 
here figured, are generally more or less cordiform or 


triangular. 


Species 75. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 5, Mus. 
Stainforth.) 

Conus vitratus. Con. testd turbinatd, fusco-violacea 
aut rosed, fusco subtilissime punctatd, punctis in se- 
riebus parallelis dispositis, zond fusco alboque teniatd 
et maculatd cinctd; spird convexd, maculis fuscis 
albisque arcuatis tessellatd, apice rosaceo. 

THE RIBAND-BOUND Cone. Shell turbinated, brownish- 
violet or rose-colour, finely dotted with brown ; 
dots arranged in parallel rows, and encircled round 
the middle and lower parts with a white zone 
spotted and filleted with brown; spire convex, tes- 


June 1843. 


CONUS.—Puare XIV. 


sellated with arched spots of white and brown, apex 
tinged with rose. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p.470; Enc. Méth., 
pl. 335. f. 3. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 21. 


Hab. Bays of Panama and Montija, West Columbia 
(found in coarse sand at the depth of from seven to 
eleven fathoms) ; Cuming. 


Considerable doubt is still entertained by collectors as 
to whether the shell here figured is the true C. vittatus 
of Lamarck, on account of its apparent dissimilitude both 
with his description and the figure to which he refers in 
Knorr’s ‘Vernugen.’ The fact is, that Lamarck not 
only described shells in many instances from worn or 


polished specimens (as his collection, now in the pos- 
session of M. Delessert, fully testifies), but referred to 
bad figures. This was, however, from necessity, not 
from choice; Lamarck detected in his worn and imper- 
fect specimen of the shell, here figured in its perfection, 
an indication of characters different from those of any 
hitherto described species, and he felt confidence in 
doing what none but the most experienced should ha- 
zard. The attentive consideration which has been given 
by modern travellers to the collection and preservation 
of shells in a state of perfection, enables us to illustrate 
the species with a degree of accuracy hitherto unknown ; 
and it is especially pleasing to be able to verify and 
elaborate, as in the present instance, the surmises of an 
earlier writer. 


Crrniu« Ll Ab 


COUN Uns. 


Puate XV. 


Species 76. (Fig. 77 a*, Mus. Belcher.) 


Conus Srnensis. Con. testd obeso-fusiformi, transver- 
sim sulcatd, sulcis interdum latis, subtilissime pertu- 
sis; albidd, ferrugineo-fusco pallide maculata et va- 
riegatd ; labro tenui, acuto, arcuato, juxta spiram 
emarginato; spird valde elatd, striatd, angulato- 
carinatd, apice mucronato. 

Ture CuinesE Cone. Shell stoutly fusiform, trans- 
versely grooved, grooves sometimes broad, very 
finely pricked; whitish, spotted and variegated with 
light rusty brown; lip thin, sharp, arched, emar- 
ginated next the spire; spire considerably elevated, 
striated, angularly carinated, apex pointed. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 56. 

Hab. Feejee Islands (found on a reef); Hinds. 


The remarkable elevation of the spire forms a very 
characteristic peculiarity in this shell. The spots as- 
sume a rhomboidal form, separated with some degree 
of regularity on the upper portion of “he shell, but 
ranging in longitudinal streaks on the lower. 


Species 77. (Fig. 77 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus arcuatus. Con. testd obeso-fusiformi, superne 
subangulata, longitudinaliter striatd, striis arcuatis ; 
transversim sulcatd, sulcis angustis, subdistantibus ; 
albidd, castaneo marmoratd et strigatd ; labro tenui, 
acuto, arcuato, juxta spiram emarginato ; spird elatd, 
acutissime carinatd, apice valde exserto. 

Tue arcHEp Cone. Shell stoutly fusiform, rather an- 
gulated at the upper part, longitudinally striated, 
strie arched; transversely grooved, grooves narrow 
and rather distant; whitish, marbled or streaked 
with chestnut-brown ; lip thin, sharp, arched, and 
emarginated next the spire; spire elevated, sharply 
carinated, apex exserted like a fine screw. 

Broperiv and Sowersy, Zool. Journ., vol. iv. p. 379. 

Hab. Near Mazatlan, Pacific Ocean. 


The spire is less proportionably elevated in this species 


* [At the time this plate was lithographed, the shell numbered 76 
(an obscure variety of the Conus prelatus, for an account of which, 
see Plate XX1.) was thought to be a new species, and those numbered 
77 a and 77 6 were supposed to be varieties of one and the same.] 


than in the preceding, though the first four or five whorls 
are considerably more erect and pointed. The grooves 
are not pricked in this shell, and the painting is of a 
somewhat different style and pattern, more streaked and 
much more sparingly distributed. The emargination of 
the lip next the spire, in both, presents a strong indica- 
tion of the affinity supposed to exist (vide Conch, Syst. 
vol. ii. p. 269) between the Cones and the Pleurotome. 


Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Con. 
transversim striata, basem versus sulcatd, olivaced 
vel violaceo-nigricante, superne maculis albis gran- 
dibus, inferne punctis sparsis ornatd ; spird obtuso- 
convead, olivaceo alboque tessellatd ; aperture fauce 
violaced. 

Tue Tanerre Cone. 


Conus TAHEITENSIS. testa subsolido-turbinatd, 


Shell rather solidly turbinated, 
transversely striated, grooved towards the base ; 
olive or blackish violet, ornamented round the upper 
part with large white spots, round the lower with 
scattered white dots; spire obtusely convex, tes- 
sellated with white and olive ; 
within. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 713. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 502. 


aperture violet 


Variety /3. 

Testa levior, in medio albo-maculata, maculis fasciatim 
commistis. 

Shell smoother, white-spotted round the middle, spots 
intermingled with each other, assuming the nature 
of a band. 

Conus rattus, Lamarck. 

Hab. Islands of Taheite, Annaa, &c. (found on the reefs) ; 

Cuming. 


I have attentively examined the shell described by 
Lamarck under the title of C. rattus, and have no hesi- 
tation in pronouncing it to be an ordinary variety of the 
common C. Taheitensis, as above described. The species 
varies in the size and distribution of the spots, as also in 
being more or less strongly grooved from the base up, 
but not considerably. 


June 1843. 


CONUS.—P rate XV. 


Species 79. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming ; Fig. 6, Mus. Stain- 
forth.) 


Conus catus. Con. testd obeso-conicd, solidiusculd, basem 
versus sulcatd, liris intervenientibus nodulosis ; albidd, 
olivaceo- vel rubido-fusco variegatd ; spird rotundato- 
convexd, spiraliter striatd, striis subprofunde incisis ; 
apice rosaceo, acuto. 

Tur cat Cons. Shell stoutly conical, rather solid, 
grooved towards the base, intervening ridges no- 
dulous; white, variegated with olive- or reddish- 
brown; spire rotundately convex, spirally striated, 
strie rather deeply cut ; apex sharp, rose-colour. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol.i. part 2. p. 707. 


Variety /3. 


Testa angustior, punctis lunatis ceruleis et fuscis ornata, 
liris basalibus vix nodulosis. 

Shell narrower, ornamented with numerous lunar-shaped 
blue and brown specks, basal ridges scarcely nodu- 
lous. 

Hab. Island of Taheite (found on the reefs); Cuming. 
West Indies, Senegal, Mauritius; Lamarck. 


This shell varies exceedingly, being stouter or nar- 
rower, and more or less noduled and specked. 

I follow my predecessors in calling it the cat Cone, 
but do not give that word as the translation of catus ; 
(qu. cautus a caveo.) 


Species 80. (Fig. a & c, Mus. Stainforth ; Fig. 6, Mus. 
Cuming.) 


Conus spectrum. Con. testd cylindraceo-turbinatd, tenui, 
inflata, inferne sulcatd, sulcis pertusis, subdistantibus ; 
albd, maculis strigisve aurantiis vel rufo-fuscis, longi- 
tudinaliter flecuosis, varie pictd ; spird subdepressd, 
apice mucronato, elato ; aperturd dehiscente. 


Tue spectre Cone. Shell cylindrically turbinated, 
thin, inflated, lower part grooved, grooves rather 
distant, faintly pricked; white, variously painted 
with orange or reddish-brown longitudinally waved 
spots or streaks ; spire rather depressed, apex 
raised, pointed; aperture gaping. 

Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3395. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 509. 

Hab. Mauritius, Molluccas, &c. 


A light, open, characteristic species, but which can- 


not nevertheless be separated without difficulty in many 
instances from varieties of the C. stramineus. 


Species 81. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus GeNuanus. Con. testd turbinatd, fulvo, roseo et 
ceruleo pallide tinctd, teniis distinctis inequalibus 
Fusco alboque articulatis cinctd, tentis alternis sepis- 
simé majoribus ; spird plano-obtusd, apice mucronato. 

THE GARTERED Cone. Shell turbinated, stained with a 
faint intermixture of colours, chiefly yellowish- 
brown, pink, and blue, encircled with a number of 
distinct unequal fillets of articulated white and dark 
chocolate-brown, the alternate fillets being generally 
the larger; spire flatly obtuse; apex pointed. 

Liyyzus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3381. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi. p. 475. 

Hab. Molluccas, Senegal; Lamarck. 
(found in clefts of rocks) ; Belcher. 


Sierra Leone 


The shell here figured is selected on account of the 
bright development of its colours. It often exceeds this 
in size, but I am unacquainted with any large specimen 
that is not more or less worn or polished. The species 
is too well known to require any remark, further than 
that the fillets vary considerably in different individuals, 
both in width and regularity. 


* 
al 


CONUS. 


PLate XVI. 


Species 82. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus onscurus. Con. testa oblongd, tenui, inflatd, 
violaced, maculis castaneo-fuscis varie nebulatd, ma- 
culis lineis transversis saturatioribus violaceo-punc- 
tatis ornatis ; spird subelatd, spiraliter striatd, apice 
roseo, mucronato; basi eximié sulcata ; apertura 
dehiscente, fauce violaced. 

Tue opscure Cone. Shell oblong, thin, inflated, violet- 
colour, variously clouded with bright chestnut- 
brown blotches, blotches ornamented with violet- 
dotted lines of a darker brown; spire slightly raised, 
spirally striated; apex rose-colour, finely pointed ; 
base delicately grooved; aperture wide open, violet 
within. 

Humpureys, MSS. 

Conus geographus,var., Sowerby, Conch. IIlus.,f. 26. 

Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found under stones 
on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. 


As this interesting little shell has been confounded 
with the C. geographus, it is important to note the cha- 
racters by which it is clearly distinct from that species. 
In the first place, the violet spaces, which exhibit the 
ground-colour of the shell, are not painted longitudinally 
with waved lines; secondly, the spire does not present 
the slightest indication of being coronated; and thirdly, 
the shell is finely grooved about one-third up from the 
base, whilst that part of the C. geographus is perfectly 
smooth, beyond the irregularities occasioned by the 
ordinary strix of growth crossing in a contrary direction. 
It agrees rather in these respects with the C. tulipa, but 
that shell is always more or less indistinctly coronated ; 
the C. obscurus has moreover a partially tufted epidermis, 
and was dredged by Mr. Cuming in places where he did 
not find a single specimen of either the Coni tulipa or 
geographus. 


Species 83. (Fig. a and 5, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus mercaror. 
versus attenuatd, albicante aut pallid? ceruled, fusco 
fasciatim et varie reticulatd, fasciarum interstitiis 
Uineis pallide flavescentibus, subtilissime undatis, lon- 
gitudinaliter pictis; spird convexo-elatd, spiraliter 
striata ; basi leviter sulcatd. 

Tar mercuant Conz. Shell ovately turbinated, atte- 
nuated towards the base, whitish or pale blue, 


Con. testd ovato-turbinatd, basem 


reticulated like a band or otherwise with brown, in- 
terstices between the bands longitudinally painted 
with faintly-waved yellowish lines ; spire convexly 
raised, spirally striated; base slightly grooved. 

Liynaus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3383. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p- 483; Enc. Méth., 
pl. 333. f. 7 and 9. 

Hab. West Indies (found at Nevis, on the sands, by 
Capt. Powers). 


The pretty net-work which serves to distinguish this 
species sometimes covers the shell entirely; it is how- 
ever rarely to be met with in that state. 


Species 84. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 6, Mus. 
Stainforth.) 


Conus cyzinpraceus. Con. testd cylindraceo-fusiformi, 
transversim subtilissimé striatd, striis inferioribus 
Sortioribus, granulosis ; flavido-fuscd, albo irregulari- 
ter strigatd ; spird rotundato-pyramidali, valde elatd, 
apice mucronato. 

Shell cylindrically fusiform, 
transversely very finely striated, strie stronger and 
granulous towards the base; yellowish-brown, ir- 
regularly streaked with white; spire rotundately 
pyramidal, very much elevated ; apex pointed. 


THE cyLinpRIcAL Cong. 


Variety B. (Fig. 6.) 

Testa rubido-fusca, superne albo-fasciata, fascia lineis 
Suscis subtilissimis longitudinaliter pictd. 

Shell reddish-brown, upper part encircled with a broad 
white band, crossed longitudinally with very fine 
brown lines. 

Broperip and Sowersy, Zool. Journ., vol. v. p- dl. 

Hab. Ulietea, Society Islands (found on the reefs) ; 
Cuming. 


The most remarkable feature in this Cone is its very 
elevated spire, caused by the comparatively rapid descent 
which each whorl makes in its volution round the pillar. 


Species 85. (Mus. Cuming.) 
Conus xtecatus. Con. testd cylindraceo-turbinatd, an- 
gustd, albo, aurantio, roseoque variegatd, lineis irre- 
gulariter reticulatd, fusco strigatd; strigis fuscis 


June 1843. 


CONUS.—Puater XVI. 


maculis cordatis, albis, sparsis, vivid? notatis ; spird 
levi, apice roseo. 

Tuer ampassapor Cone. Shell cylindrically turbinated, 
narrow, white, variegated with white, orange and 
rose-colour, irregularly reticulated with very fine 
lines, and streaked with brown; streaks vividly 
marked with small, scattered, white, heart-shaped 
spots ; spire smooth, apex rose-colour. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 528. 

Conus musivum, Broderip. 
Hab. Philippine Islands (found on the sands) ; Cuming. 


I have selected a small example of this Cone, as ex- 
hibiting most distinctly the rich orange-shaded brown 
streaks characteristic of the species. In larger specimens 
this peculiarity becomes gradually more obsolete until 
the species passes into the C. canonicus. 


Species 86. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus appreviatus. Con. testd abbreviato-turbinatd, 
solidd, obsolete sulcatd, ceruleo-glaucd, in medio pal- 
lide fasciatd, punctis fuscis subdistantibus ubique 
seriatim cinctd ; spird subdepresso-convexd, oblique 
coronatd ; basi attenuutd, fauce fuscd. 

THE ABBREVIATED Cone. Shell abbreviately turbinated, 
solid, obsoletely grooved, bluish-grey, palely banded 
in the middle, and everywhere encircled with rows 
of rather distant dark brown dots ; spire rather de- 
pressly convex, obliquely coronated; base attenu- 
ated, brown within. 

Notrauz, MSS. 

Hab. Wahoo, Sandwich Islands. 


This is a very distinct species, and may be recognised 
by the neat arrangement of the dark brown dots. 


Species 87. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus zeBRA. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, inferne an- 
gustata, albidd, incarnato pallidé tinctd, flammis ru- 
bido-fuscis longitudinaliter strigatd ; spird depresso- 
convexd, non striatd, apice elato ; basi sulcatd. 

Shell oblong, turbinated, narrow 
towards the base, white, stained with pale flesh- 
colour, longitudinally streaked with reddish-brown 
flames ; spire depressly convex, not striated, apex 
raised; base grooved. 


TuE zeEBRA Cone. 


Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 481. 
Sowersy, Conch. Illus., pl. 1. f. 4. 
Hab. Salango, Central America (dredged from sandy 


mud at the depth of twelve to sixteen fathoms) ; 
Cuming. 


A shell very rarely found in good condition. 


Species 88. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Con. testd abbreviato-conicd, basem 
versus sulcatd, pallide caruleo-flavescente, olivaceo- 
fusco median? et inferne balteatd, basi subpurpurec ; 
spird depresso-convexd, coronatd, spiraliter striata ; 


Conus BALTEATUS. 


apice roseo. 
Tur pevrep Conn. Shell abbreviately conical, grooved 
towards the base, pale bluish-yellow, belted round 
the middle and lower parts with olive-brown; base 
faintly stained with purple; spire depressly con- 
vex, coronated, spirally striated; apex rose-colour. 
Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 58. 
Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines (found on the reefs) ; 


Cuming. 

I have no doubt of the specific importance of this 
shell, though it may be very intimately connected with 
the Conus lividus ; it has a very peculiar cast of colour, 
and the rose-tinted apex is characteristic. 


Species 89. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Meprrerranrvus. Con. testd subinflato-turbi- 
natd, cinereo-virescente, ceruleo, fusco et fulvo varie 
nebulatd, lineis albo fuscoque articulatis cinctd, et pal- 
lide fasciatd ; spird convexo-elatd ; basi striatd, aper- 
turd leviter dehiscente, fauce violaceo-fuscd. 

Tue Mepiterranean Cone. Shell rather inflately tur- 
binated, ashy green, variously clouded with mixed 
tints or dashes of blue, brown and yellow, encir- 
cled with articulated lines of black and white; and 
palely banded ; spire convexly raised; base striated; 
aperture rather open, stained with violet-brown. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 701. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 494. 

en Oe Conus Jamaicensis, Lamarck. 
Varieties ? { ‘onus pusio, Lamarck. 
Hab. Mediterranean. 


The C. pusio and Jamaicensis of both M. Delessert’s 
collection (formerly Lamarck’s) and of that of the Jar- 
din des Plantes are neither of them anything more than 
varieties of the C. Mediterraneus. I have examined 
them with attention and am unable to discover the least 
specific difference. 
so well known, that nothing need be added to the above 


description. 


The species under consideration is 


an 


2° 
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A 


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Cones LOATY 


CONUS. 


PLaTE XVII. 


Species 90. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus srercus-muscarum. Con. testa cylindraceo-turbi- 
natd, albidd, seriatim nigerrimo-punctatd, punctis sub- 
quadratis identidem coacervatis, interstiliis sparsim 
albiteniatis ; spird convexo-obtusd, canaliculatd, apice 
rosaceo ; aperturd subampld, fauce incarnato tinctd. 

Tur riy-punG Cong. Shell cylindrically turbinated, 
whitish, encircled with rows of jet-black dots, dots 
somewhat square, here and there heaped together, 
the spaces being sparingly filleted with opake white ; 
spire convexly obtuse, canaliculated, apex rose- 
tinted; aperture rather large, interior stained with 
flesh-colour. 

Linwavs, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3385. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 511. 

Hab. Ceylon, Amboyna, &c. 


I have selected three species for illustration in the 
plate now before me, approximating in some measure in 
general appearance, but remarkably distinct on examina- 
tion. They are the Cont stercus-muscarum, arenatus, 
and pulicarius; the first may be recognised by its cylin- 
drical form, by the spire not being coronated, and by the 
small size, dark colour, regularity, and profusion of the 
dots; the second by its more stout and solid growth, by 
the spire being very strongly coronated, and by the 
lighter colour and promiscuously sprinkled character of 
the dots; and the third by the large size and more sparing 
distribution of the spots, which are moreover not set in 
parallel rows as in the first species, from which it fur- 
ther differs in having the spire coronated. 

Lamarck particularises a variety of the species under 
consideration, C. stercus-muscarum, with the spots red; 
but I think he must have described it from a worn spe- 
cimen. I am not aware of any decided red-spotted va- 
riety, analogous, for example, to that of the Conus ebur- 
neus (vide Plate XIX. f. 106 a.). 


Species 91. (Fig. a & b, Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus turevs. Con. testa elongato-turbinatd, basim 
versus attenuata ; luted, monilibus castaneis, exilibus, 
cinctd, maculisque nigro-castaneis albo eximie limba- 
tis, in spiram et in anfractiis medium tessellatd ; 
spird obtuso-productd, apice mucronato. 


Tur yELLow Conr. Shell elongately turbinated, at- 


tenuated towards the base ; pale yellow, encircled 
with faint chestnut necklace belts, and tessellated 
on the spire and middle of the shell with dark 
spots delicately edged with white; spire obtusely 
produced, apex pointed. 

BroperiP, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 8*. 

Variety 6. (Fig. 91 a.) 

Shell rose-colour. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 8. 


Hab. Island of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (found on the 
reefs) ; Cuming. 


Testa rosacea. 


The following excellent account of the Conus luteus 
by Mr. Broderip will assist greatly in identifying it :— 

“The spire of this species, though full and rounded, 
terminates in a short acute point. 
pidly towards the base. When in perfection, its rich 
saffron-colour, girt with numerous delicate necklaces, 
and the broad belt of interrupted tessellated spots of the 
darkest chestnut, bordered with the purest white, give 
it a very beautiful appearance. he tessellated spots 
are so regularly set on the whorls of the spire as to look 
like mosaic work.” 


The shell tapers ra- 


The author here quoted seems not to have been ac- 
quainted with the var. 3, or he would have selected pro- 
bably a more appropriate specific title for this shell. The 
rose-colour variety of the yel/ow Cone is rather anomalous 
reading ; he might be reminded of the force and accuracy 
of the following observations made by him in the same 
memoir in which the species occurs :—‘* Colour will be 
found in many species to be the result of locality, food 
or temperature.” 


Species 92. (Mus. Dennison.) 


Conus arEenatus. Con. testa obeso-turbinatd, alba, 
punctis minutis rubido-fuscis acervatim conspersa ; 
punctis interdum, autem rard, fasciatim dispositis ; 
spird convexo-planulatd, fortiter coronatd, apice mu- 
cronato ; aperture fauce pallide incarnato tinctd. 

Tur sanpy Cone. Shell stoutly turbinated, white, 

promiscuously sprinkled with small reddish-brown 

dots; dots sometimes, but rarely, disposed in bands ; 
spire convexly flat, strongly coronated, apex point- 
ed; faintly stained with flesh-colour within the 


aperture. 


July 1843. 


CONUS.—Prate XVII. 


Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. 1. part 2. p. 621. 
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 452. 

Conus stercus-muscarum, var., Linneus. 
Hab. Ceylon, &c. 

Linnzeus seems to have regarded this shell as a co- 
ronated variety of the C. stercus-muscarum ; a proper exa- 
mination of the form of the shell, and of the character 
and distribution of the dots, will, however, convince the 
most sceptical enemy to species-founding that it is spe- 
cifically distinct. 


Species 93. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus BuLtatus. Con. testa cylindraceo-ovata, ventri- 
cosd, puniceo et albo plus minusve fasciatim varie- 
gatd; spird depressd, planiusculd, apice elato, acuto ; 
apertura leviter inflata, fauce puniceo tinctd. 

Tur BUBBLE-LIKE Cone. Shell cylindrically ovate, 
ventricose, variegated with white and scarlet, more 
or less disposed in bands; spire depressed, rather 
flat, apex raised and sharp-pointed ; aperture rather 
inflated, stained within with scarlet. 

Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3395. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 510. 

Hab. Molucca and Philippine Islands, &c. 


Variety B. (Fig. 93 3.) 
Testa pallidior, teniis puniceo et albo articulatis, cincta. 


Shell paler, encircled with fillets of articulated white 
and scarlet. 


No one can fail to recognise this beautiful shell, pe- 
culiar in its form, as well as in its delicate style of co- 
louring. 


Species 94. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus puuicarius. Con. testd turbinatd, albd, interdum 
Serrugineo-aurantio pallide fasciatd aut strigatd, 
guttis nigris subovalibus, inferne coacervatis, vivide 
pictd ; spird subdepressd, coronatd, apice mucronato. 

THE FLEA-BITTEN Cone. Shell turbinated, white, some- 
times faintly streaked or banded with pale rusty- 
orange, and vividly painted with rather oval black 
spots, heaped together towards the base of the shell; 
spire rather depressed, coronated, apex pointed. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 622. 

Lamarcg, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 453. 


Variety 6. 


Testa plerumque minor, guttis majoribus, deformibus, in- 
terdum confiuentibus. 

Shell generally smaller, with the spots larger, more irre- 
gularly shapen and sometimes flowing together. 
Conus fustigatus, Hwass, Bruguiére, Lamarck. 

Hab. Molucca and South Pacific Islands. Island of Ta- 
heite (found on the reefs); Cuming. 


The Conus fustigatus of the authors above-quoted is 
no other than an ordinary variety of the species under 
consideration, differing in the comparative irregularity 
of the spotting. 


rs oa 4 
> Pig eran a 


wu Dp a Mi 
tira 
> Dae tay : 


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72 
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- a _ e 
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7 


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ver by 


Kenan 


Conus FL XVM 


— 


97 


LOVE 


CON WUs: 


Puate XVIII. 


Species 95. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus macutirerus. Con. testd abbreviato-turbinatd, 
subventricosd; albd, maculis grandibus aurantio-fuscis 
longitudinaliter confluentibus, biseriatim dispositis, vi- 
vide pictd ; basi striatd, rosaced ; spird subdepressd, 
eximie coronatd, apice rosaceo. 

Tux BLorcHED Cone. Shell shortly turbinated, slightly 
ventricose ; white, vividly painted with two rows of 
large longitudinally flowing orange-brown blotches; 
base striated; spire rather depressed, delicately co- 
ronated, apex rose-colour. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 23. 


Hab. ? 


This is a very distinct species, and one which cannot 
fail to be appreciated. 


Species 96. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus spuacetatus. Con. testa turbinatd, solidiusculd, 
transversim eviliter lirata; alba, maculis grandibus 
olivaceis, biseriatim dispositis, vivide pictd ; spird ob- 
tuso-elatd, eximi? coronatd, apice rosaceo. 

Tue mortirieD Cone. Shell turbinated, rather solid, 
transversely very faintly ridged; white, vividly 
painted with two rows of large olive blotches; 
spire obtusely elevated, delicately coronated, apex 
rose-colour. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 51. 

Hab. FE 


The general character of the painting of this species 
is not much unlike that of the preceding, inasmuch as it 
presents a double row of large coloured blotches upon a 
white ground; and a resemblance may also be observed 
in the spire of both shells being finely coronated and 
rose-tinted at the apex; the Conus sphacelatus differs 
however from the Conus maculiferus in form, solidity, 
and other minor particulars. 


Species 97. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus cotumBa. Con. testa obeso-turbinatd, solidd, ba- 
sim versus profunde sulcatd ; alba, interdum, autem 
rard, maculis fuscis perpaucis, sparsis, pallid? tinctd ; 
spird convexd, canaliculatd. 

TuE povEConr. Shell stoutly turbinated, solid, deeply 
grooved towards the base; white, sometimes, but 


rarely, stained with a very few scattered faint brown 
spots; spire convex, canaliculated. 
Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 709. 
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p- 499. 
Hab. West Indies. 


I believe the shell figured in the Encyclopédie Métho- 
dique, pl. 331. f. 8, noted by Lamarck as a large variety 
of this species, to be the Conus lacteus. 


Species 98. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus pictus. Con. testé oblongo-turbinatd, tenuiculd, 
subventricosd, puniceo brunneove et albo alternatim 
Sasciatd, fasciis interstitiisque fusco alboque identidem 
teniatd et variegatd ; spird convexo-elatd, ad mar- 
ginem peculiariter strigatd, aperturd subinflatd. 

Tue paintep Cone. Shell oblong-turbinated, rather 
light and ventricose, alternately banded with palish 
scarlet or brown, the bands and interstices being 
here and there filleted and variegated with brown or 
brownish-scarlet and white ; spire convexly raised, 
the edge being peculiarly streaked. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

Hab. ? 


The painting of this pretty shell is of very peculiar 
character, and I know of no other species with which 
any comparison can well be instituted. ‘The most cha- 
racteristic of two specimens now before me exhibits 
(vide Fig. 98.) three broad pale scarlet bands, the lower 
being ornamented with two articulated fillets of brown 
and white, the middle with one only, whilst in the up- 
per band the fillet is altogether wanting. The spaces 
between the bands are curiously variegated with brown 
(scarlet-brown), and the base and upper edge of the shell 
are obliquely streaked with the same colour; the latter 
part in such a manner as to leave a neat spiral necklace 
of short streaks upon the surface of the spire. This is 
however too detailed a description to apply correctly to 
the second specimen (from Mr. Cuming’s collection), in 
which the articulated fillets are more confused, though 
the necklace of short streaks is as clearly defined around 
the edge of the spire. 

I have adopted the same specific title for this shell 
which has been usec by Mr. Stainforth in manuscript to 


July 1848. 


CONUS.—P tate XVIII. 


distinguish it, and feel much indebted to him for allow- 
ing me to describe and figure it. 


ee 


Species 99. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus sutcatus. Con. testd turbinatd, transversim sul- 
catd, sulcis plus minusve distantibus, liris intermediis 
nunc planis, nunc rotundatis ; albidd, fuscescente varie 
tinctd et strigatd ; spird depresso-convexd, indistincte 
coronatd, canaliculatd, spiraliter striatd, interstitiis 
leviter pertusis ; apice mucronato, acuto. 

‘Tur Groovep Cone. Shell turbinated, transversely 
grooved, grooves more or less distant, intermediate 
ridges sometimes flat, sometimes rounded; whitish, 
variously stained and streaked with pale brown; 
spire depressly convex, indistinctly coronated, ca- 
naliculated, spirally striated, interstices between the 
strie faintly pricked ; apex sharp-pointed. 

Hwass, Ene. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 618. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 451. 


Variety . 
Testa liris scabris aut granulosis. 
Shell with the ridges rough or granulous. 
Conus costatus, Chemnitz. 
Conus asper, Lamarck. 


The title of sulcatus, proposed for this shell by M. 
Hwass, was published by Bruguiére in the Encyclopédie 
Méthodique about three years before the appearance of 
Chemnitz’s description of it in the last volume of the 
‘ Corchylien Cabinet,’ under that of costatus. 


Species 100. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus mirratus. Con. testd cylindraceo-elongatd, trans- 
versim striatd, exiliter granulosa ; exusto-luted, ma- 
culis grandibus fuscis trifasciatd ; spird obtuso-py- 
ramidali, fusco tessellatd, apice elato, acuto. 

Shell cylindrically elongated, 
transversely striated, very finely granulated ; burnt- 
yellow colour, encircled with three bands of large 
brown spots; spire obtusely pyramidal, tessellated 
with brown, apex elevated and sharp. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 738. 

Lastarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 514. 

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the reefs) ; 
Cuming. 


Tur mirreD Cone. 


This shell is peculiar in having its entire surface co- 
vered with very fine granules. 


a SS SS 


Species 101. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Deshayes.) 


Conus ureroctypuicus. Con. testd cylindraceo-ovatd, 
cinereo-violaced, macularum fasciis duabus ornatd, 
maculis niveis, peculiariter sinuosis ; granulosd, gra- 
nulis pallidis ; spird convexo-acutd, variegatd ; basi 
striata. 

Tur urerociypuicat Cone. Shell cylindrically ovate, 
ashy-violet colour, ornamented with two bands of 
white peculiarly sinuated spots; granulous, granules 
pale; spire convexly acute, variegated; base striated. 

Ductos, Mag. de Zool., 1833, pl. 23. 


Hab. ? 


I feel exceedingly obliged to M. Deshayes for the loan 
of this interesting Cone, because it enables me to expose 
one of the most flagrant examples of dishonesty that 
ever disgraced the annals of conchological science. ‘The 
shell now before me was borrowed of M. Deshayes by 
M. Duclos under the pretext of comparing it with a spe- 
cimen of much larger dimensions in his own cabinet. 
There was no such specimen, however, in existence ; the 
drawing given by M. Duclos as of one in his collection 
is indisputably a magnified representation of this, so that 
he adopted this discreditable manceuvre merely to gain 
the credit of having introduced a new species of Cone. 
I should not have ventured to publish or to speak so po- 
sitively of this notorious imposition; but there are cer- 
tain particular marks in the figure and in the shell by 
which it may be detected. I am thus obliged to believe 
as true (and in duty bound to expose), what I have hi- 
therto ridiculed as incredible. 


ee 


Species 102. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Con. testd turbinatd, subobsolete 
granulosa ; coccined, in medio albifasciatd, fascia 
fusco sparsim maculatd ; spird convexo-obtusd, albd, 
eximie coronatd. 


Conus CARDINALIS. 


Shell turbinated, rather obso- 
letely granulous; pinkish scarlet, encircled round 


THe CARDINAL Cone. 


the middle with a white band sparingly spotted 
with brown; spire convexly obtuse, white, deli- 
cately coronated. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 632. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 458. 

Hab. ? 


A remarkably pretty Cone, on account of the extreme 
delicacy of its colour. 


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Conus LLALE 


104.a 


Sowerby foci 


CON 


US. 


Puate XIX. 


Species 103. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus mus. Con. testa ovato-turbinatd, transversim 
striatd, striis elevatis ; cinered, albo-fasciatd, macu- 
lis fulvis longitudinaliter dispositis, ornatd ; spird 
obtuso-converd, variegati. 

Tue mouse Cons. Shell ovately turbinated, trans- 
versely striated, striz raised; ash-colour tinted 
with blue or olive, banded round the middle, or ra- 
ther below the middle, with white, and ornamented 
with yellowish-brown spots arranged one under the 
other in longitudinal streaks ; spire obtusely con- 
vex, variegated. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 630. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 457. 

Hab. West Indies. 


The yellowish-brown colour of this shell, which is 
deposited in blots round the top of the whorl, looks as if 
it had run over, touching the raised lines down the shell 
in streaks, and shading the interstices. ‘The interior of 
the shell is generally stained with dark chocolate-brown. 


Species 104. (Fig. a, Mus. Stainforth ; Fig. 6, Mus. 
Dennison.) 


Conus Hesreus. Con. testa obeso-turbinatd, solidd, ba- 
sim versus leviter liratd ; albidd aut albido-rosed, ma- 
culis grandibus nigris rhomboideis, fasciatim digestis, 
vivide pictd ; spird obtuso-convead, subindistincte co- 
ronatd, maculis tessellatd. 

Tue Hesrew Cone. Shell stoutly turbinated, solid, 
slightly ridged towards the base; white or rose- 
tinted, vividly painted with large rhomboidal black 
spots, arranged across the shell in bands; spire ob- 
tusely convex, somewhat indistinctly coronated, 
tessellated with spots. 

Linnzus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3384. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 451. 


Variety p. (Fig. 104 a ) 


Testa maculis nigris longitudinaliter confluentibus. 
Shell with the black spots flowing longitudinally into 
each other. 
Conus vermiculatus, Lamarck. 
Hah. Ceylon, &c. 
Bruguiére was undoubtedly right in describing the 


shell which Lamarck subsequently distinguished with 
the new specific title of vermiculatus, as a variety of the 
C. Hebreus ; the spots vary exceedingly, flowing some- 
times into each other transversely ws well as longitudi- 
nally. The shell in all other respects remains the same, 
though it exhibits a very notable variety of marking. It 
is sometimes granulated. 


Species 105. (Mus. Diamond.) 


Conus purpurascens. Con. testd subobeso-conicd, inter- 
dum leviter granulosd; violaced, purpureo variegata 
et nebulosd, monilibus purpureis et albis frequentibus 
cingulatd ; aperturd subampld, labri limbo interno 
purpureo tincto ; spird convexd, subcanaliculati, spi- 
raliter striata. 

Tue puRPLE Cone. Shell rather stoutly conical, some- 
times slightly granulous ; violet-colour, clouded and 
variegated with dark purple, and encircled with a 
number of fine necklaces of purple and white ; aper- 
ture rather large, inner edge of the lip stained with 
purple ; spire convex, slightly canaliculated, spirally 
striated. 

Broperir, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 13. 

Hab. Panama (found in the clefts of rocks); Cuming. 
St. Blas, Mexico; Hinds. 


There is a peculiarity in this shell beyond the colour 
and character of the painting, in the broad canaliculated 
ledge which is formed by each whorl at its junction with 
the spire, giving an unusual width to the upper portion 
of the aperture. 


Species 106. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus EBURNEvs. Con. testd subobeso-turbinatd, solidd ; 
albd, zonis tribus pallide aurantio-fuscis, maculisque 
nigris subquadratis seriatim cinctd ; spird depresso- 
pland, sulcis evilibus duabus spiraliter incisd. 

Tue tvory Cone. Shell rather stoutly turbinated, solid ; 
white, encircled with three pale orange-brown 
bands, and a number of squarish black spots set in 
parallel rows ; spire depressly flat, spirally engraved 
with two light grooves. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 640. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 463. 


July 1843. 


CONUS.—Prarte XIX. 


Variety 5. (Fig. 106 a.) 


Testa fasciis aurantio-fuscis nullis ; maculis rubido-cin- 
namomeis, numerosioribus. 

Shell with no orange-brown bands ; spots reddish cinna- 
mon-colour and more numerous. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2, p. 641. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 4638. 

Hab. Ceylon, &c. 


The reddish cinnamon variety of the C. eburneus, ac- 
curately described by Bruguiére in the ‘ Encyclopédie 
Méthodique,’ is a remarkable one, and difficult to re- 
cognise as belonging to this species. The shells of both 
varieties agree, however, in respect to form, and par- 
ticularly in the double spiral groove which characterizes 
the spire. 


Species 107. (Mus, Stainforth.) 


Con. testd subabbreviato-turbinata, 
albd, pallide amethystino-zonatd, teniis nigro alboque 
articulatis vivide cinctd ; spird obtuso-conveaxd, va- 
riegatd, indistinctissime coronata. 

Tue FILLETED Conr. Shell rather shortly turbinated, 
white, zoned with pale amethyst-colour, and vi- 
vidly encircled with fillets of articulated black and 
white ; spire obtusely convex, very indistinctly co- 
ronated. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol.i. part 2. p. 628. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 456. 

Hab. Chinese Seas. 


This shell is not very much unlike the C. genuanus ; it is 
however smaller, and the articulated fillets are depicted 
with a far greater degree of regularity. 


Conus TANIATUS. 


109 


Wb 


W4 


Conits Ll AX, 


CONUS. 


Poate XX. 


Species 108. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus paurercuLus. Con. testd turbinatd, tenuiculd ; 
pallide olivaced, balteo pallide incarnato, subcentrali, 
punctisque rubidis subquadratis, lineariter digestis, 
cinctd ; spird subelatd, rubido-fusco arcuatim strigatd. 

Shell turbinated, rather 
thin, pale olive-colour, encircled with a nearly cen- 
tral belt of pale flesh-colour and a number of square 
reddish-brown dots ranged in transverse lines ; 
spire a little raised, ornamented with arched streaks 
of reddish-brown. 

Sowersy, Conch. IIlus., f. 78. 

Hab. ? 


This is a very distinct species; I know of no other 
with which a comparison can be drawn with any advan- 
tage. 


THE MEAN-LOOKING CONE. 


Species 109. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus sponsALis. Con. testa obeso-turbinatd, solidd, 
levi, basim versus granulosd ; albidd aut pallide lu- 
teold, maculis roseis oblongis, longitudinaliter con- 
fluentibus, bifasciatd ; spird subelatd, coronatd, apice 
acuto ; basi et aperture fauce violaceo-nigricante. 

Tur sripat Cone. Shell stoutly turbinated, solid, 
smooth, granulated towards the base ; white or pale 
yellow, encircled with two bands of oblong rose- 
coloured spots flowing longitudinally ; spire rather 
raised, coronated, apex sharp; base and interior of 
the shell stained with very dark violet. 

Curemnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. xi. pl. 182. f. 1766 and 
1767. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 459. 

Hab. Lord Hood’s and other Islands, Pacific Ocean 
(found in pools on coral reefs) ; Cuming. 


No one can fail to recognise this stout, pretty little 
shell. 


Species 110. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus nux. Con. testd obeso-turbinatd, levi, basim 
versus granuloso-striatd, granulis subobsoletis ; albd, 
maculis citrinis undatis bifasciatd ; spird depresso- 
convead, apice subobtuso, basi et aperture fauce vio- 
laceo-nigricante. 

Tue nur Cone. Shell stoutly turbinated, smooth, gra- 
nulously striated towards the base, granules some- 
what obsolete; white, encircled with two bands of 
dark waved citron-coloured blotches; spire de- 
pressly convex, apex rather obtuse; base and in- 
terior of the shell stained with violet. 


BrovertrP, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 
Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 31. 
Hab. Gallapagos Islands. 


‘«Tn some individuals,” says Broderip, “the brown (or 
dark citron-colour) predominates to the exclusion of the 
white, save a few scattered spots or flakes.” 


Species 111. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus TrmoreEnsis. Con. testd subcylindraceo-turbinatd, 


levi, basim versus striata; albd, incarnato-roseo 
nebulosd, lineis roseis transversis, plus minusve inter- 
spersd, zond albd intermedia, obsoletd, sepissime for- 
mante ; spird leviter canaliculatd, apice acuto ; aper- 
turd subampld. 

Tue Timor Cone. Shell rather cylindrically turbinated, 
smooth, striated towards the base ; white, clouded 
with faint fleshy rose-colour more or less inter- 
spersed with interrupted transverse lines of a darker 
rose-colour, generally forming an obsolete inter- 
mediate white zone; spire slightly canaliculated, 
apex sharp; aperture rather large. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. 1. part 2. p. 731. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 511. 

Conus vespertinus, Humphreys (Sow. Tank. Cat.). 

Hab. Island of Timor, Moluccas, &c. 


The interrupted transverse lines which adorn this 
delicately painted shell are sometimes very feebly por- 
trayed. 


Species 112. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus muricutatus. Con. testa turbinatd, muriculato- 
granulatd, granulis prominentibus, subdistantibus, se- 
riatim digestis; albd, fasciis latis luteo-fuscis duabus 
cinctd, fasciis lineis filosis ornatis ; spird depresso- 
convead, coronatd, rubido-fusco maculatd ; bast et 
aperture fauce violaced. 

Tuer prickty Cons. Shell turbinated, prickly granu- 
lated, granules prominent and rather distant, set 
in rows; white, encircled with two broad yellowish- 
brown bands, bands ornamented with fine thread- 
like lines; spire depressly convex, coronated, spotted 
with reddish-brown; base and within the aperture 
violet. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 1. 

Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found on coral 
reefs); Cuming. 


This shell appears to be somewhat partially granulated; 
the granules are however strong, and very characteris~ 
tically developed. 


August 1843. 


CONUS.—Puate XX. 


Species 113. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus musicus. Con..testd turbinatd, albidd, cinereo 
pallide zonatd, lineis transversis interruptis,nigerrimo- 
fuscis cinctd ; spird planiusculd, nigerrimo-fusco ma- 
culatd; aperture fauce nigricante-violaceo tinctd. 

Tur music-scorE Cone. Shell turbinated, whitish, 
zoned with a pale washy ash-colour, and encircled 
with transverse interrupted blackish-brown lines ; 
spire rather flat, spotted with blackish-brown; in- 
terior stained with blackish-violet. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 629. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 456. 

Hab. West Indies; Captain Powers. 


I have every reason to believe that the locality men- 
tioned by Lamarck for this species, quoted from Bru- 
guiére, is incorrect. 


Species 114. (Mus. Deshayes.) 


Conus paucus. Con. testd turbinatd, ad basim leviter 
sulcatd ; aurantio-rubrd, maculis pallidulis, punctis- 
que rubido-fuscis sparsis, seriatim dispositis, plus mi- 
nusve cinctd ; spird depressd, maculis pallidulis ru- 
bidisque arcuatis tessellatd ; apice roseo. 

Tue witp-carror Cong. Shell turbinated, slightly 
grooved at the base; orange-red, more or less en- 
circled with rows of palish spots and scattered 
reddish-brown dots; spire depressed, tessellated 
with arched spots of pale and reddish-brown ; apex 
rose-tinted. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 651. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 468. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 27. 

Conus Arausiensis, Chemnitz. 

Hab. Seas of America; Lamarck. 


This shell is rarely to be met with in good condition; 
the specimen here figured, kindly lent to me by M. Des- 
hayes, is the best I have seen, though not displaying 
much variety of character in the painting. 


Species 115. (Fig. 115 a, Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Minpanus. Con. testd turbinatd, basim versus 
profunde sulcatd; pallide incarnatd, puniceo variegata 
et nebulosd, punctis lineolisque rufis evilissimis seria- 
tim cinctd; spird acuminata, indistincté coronatd, 
punctorum serie unica prope suturam ornatd. 

Tue Mrxpanao Conz. Shell turbinated, deeply grooved 


towards the base; pale flesh-colour clouded and 


variegated with scarlet, and encircled with rows of 
exceedingly fine dots and lines of red; spire acu- 
minated, indistinctly coronated, and ornamented 
with a row of fine red dots near the suture. 


Variety B. (Fig. 115 6, Mus. Deshayes.) 


Testa granulosa, granulis subdistantibus, prominentibus ; 
spird valdits coronatd, tuberculis granulisque albis. 

Shell granulated, granules prominent and rather distant ; 
spire more strongly corenated; tubercles and gra- 
nules white. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol.i. part 2. p. 711. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 498. 
Conus Elventinus, Duclos. 

Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines ; Hwass. 


The locality from which this shell receives its title is 
quoted by Lamarck and others on the sole testimony of 
M. Hwass, published fifty years ago in the ‘ Encyclopédie 
Méthodique.’ During Mr. Cuming’s late researches at 
Mindanao and other islands of that prolific group, not a 
single specimen was found. 


Species 116. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Ppuncticunatus. Con. testd subobeso-turbinatd, 
solidd, basim versus leviter sulcatd ; albidd, punctorum 
fuscorum seriebus approximatis, flammis ceruleo- 
Suscis, longitudinalibus, subindistinctis, ornatd; spird 
convexo-acutd ; aperture fauce pallide violaced. 

THE SMALL DoTTED Cone. Shell rather stoutly turbi- 
nated, solid, lightly grooved towards the base ; 
whitish, painted with close-set rows of brown dots 
and rather indistinct longitudinal flames of bluish- 
brown; spire convexly acute; interior of the aper- 
ture pale violet. 


Variety /. 

Testa obesior, pallide ceruleo-cinerea, granulosa, punctis 
pallidioribus, flammis longitudinalibus nullis. 

Shell stouter, pale bluish ash-colour, dots paler, no lon- 
gitudinal flames. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 704. 

Hab. Salango and St. Elena, West Columbia (found in 
sandy mud at the depth of from five to nine fathoms) ; 
Cuming. 

The title of C. millepunctatus, given to this shell by 

Chemnitz, is retained for the large species allied to the 


C, literatus, valgarly called “‘ Le Tigre mille points” by 
Favanne and others. 


Conus PLAT 


pel lth Lin. amp 


l et leith 


Lee 


Jowerey 


CONUS. 


Piate XXI. 


Species 117. (Musée Royale, Paris.) 


Conus MELANCHOLICUS. 
draced, striis subtilissimis cancellatd ; aurantio-rubrda, 
maculis flavidis, irregularibus in medio fasciatd; spird 
plano-acuti, spiraliter striata, aurantio-rubro varie- 
gatd. 

THE MELANCHOLY Cone. 
lindrical, cancellated with exceedingly fine striz ; 
orange-red, encircled round the middle, or rather 
below the middle, with a row of irregular yellowish 
spots ; spire smooth and sharp, spirally striated, va- 


Con. testd elongata, subcylin- 


Shell elongated, rather cy- 


riegated with orange-red. 
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 513. 
Hab. ? 


I have attentively examined Lamarck’s Conus melan- 
cholicus in the Musée Royale at Paris, and am quite of 
opinion that it is a very distinct and characteristic 
species ; it is the only specimen known, and I feel there- 
fore much indebted to M. Valenciennes for allowing me 
to obtain a drawing of it. 


Species 118. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Mozampicus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, levi, 
basim versus sulcata ; Fulva, fusco plus minusve lon- 
gitudinaliter inquinatd, fascia pallid? ceruled in me- 
dio cinctd ; spird rotundato-convexd, Susco variegatd, 
apice acuto. 

Tue Mozampiaur Cone. Shell oblong-turbinated, 
smooth, grooved towards the base ; yellowish, more 
or less longitudinally bedaubed with brown, and en- 
circled round the middle with a pale blue band; 
spire rotundately convex, variegated with brown, 


apex sharp. 
Variety 3. (Fig 118 3b.) 


Testa flavido-fusca, non fasciata, teniis continuis, fusco 
alboque articulatis, in medio cincta. 

Shell yellowish-brown, not banded, but encircled round 
the middle with fillets of articulated brown and 
white. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 696. 

Hab. Mozambique (found in rocky places) ; Hennah. 


This is a light rudely-formed shell, very irregularly 
smeared with colour. The variety 6 may be immediately 


recognised by the central articulated fillets, though few 
and scattered. 


Species 119. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus virco. Con. testa turbinatd, solidd, basim versus 
transverse striatd ; pallid? luted, basi ceruleo-violas- 
cente ; spird plano-convead, obtusd. 

Tuer virein Cone. Shell turbinated, solid, transversely 
striated towards the base; pale yellow, base deep 
bluish-violet ; spire flatly convex. 

Liynxvs, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3376. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p- 468. 


Hab. Ceylon, &e. 


Few shells exhibit a more decided peculiarity of spe- 
cific character than the Conus virgo. The deep blue- 
purple base forms a rich contrast with the pale yellow 
body-colour, and is a never-failing mark of distinction. 


Species 120. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus praiatus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, purpu- 
reo-castaneo nebulosd, interstitiis maculis trigonis 
vel oblongo-cordatis, albis, caesio variegatis, reticu- 
latis ; maculis grandibus, purpureo-castaneis, albo 
seriatim punctatis ; spird obtuso-convexd ; aperture 
Sauce cesio-tinctd. 

Tne PRELATE Cone. Shell oblong-turbinated, clouded 
with large broad patches of purple chestnut, the 
interstices between which are reticulated with tri- 
angular or oblong-heart-shaped white spots varie- 
gated or tinted with bluish-grey; large purple 
chestnut patches more or less covered with rows of 
white dots; spire obtusely convex, interior faintly 
stained with bluish-grey. 

Variety 6. (Pl. XV. Fig. 76.) 

Testa subventricosa, luteo-castaneo pallide nebulosa, ma- 
culis albis incarnato variegatis. 

Shell rather ventricose, clouded with patches of pale yel- 
lowish-chestnut, the white heart-shaped spots of 
the interstices being tinted or variegated with lilac 
or flesh-colour. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 746. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 520. 


Hab. ? 


August 1843. 


CONUS.—Prarte XXI. 


As far as lam enabled to judge by figures and descrip- 
tions, this shell does not appear to have been known hi- 
The splendid specimens now 
before me, from the collection of the Rev. Mr. Stainforth, 
approach in form though not in size to the C. episcopus : 
the most striking peculiarity of the species is in the de- 
licate manner in which the white heart-shaped spots are 
tinged on one side with grey or flesh-colour. 


therto in fine condition. 


Species 121. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus consors. Con. testd turbinatd, levi, basim ver- 
sus sulcatd ; luteold, luteo-fuscescente transversim 


et longitudinaliter varie fasciatd ; spird subobesd, 


Hab. 


convexo-elatd, apicem versus subtilissime coronatd ; 
apice acuto. © 

Tue consort Cone. Shell turbinated, smooth, grooved 
towards the base; yellowish, variously banded trans- 
versely and longitudinally with pale yellowish- 
brown; spire rather stout, convexly raised, very 
finely coronated or beaded towards the apex ; apex 
sharp. 


Sowersy, Conch. Illus., p. 42. 
? 


The spire of this shell is sometimes indistinctly tes- 
sellated with the same faint yellowish-brown which 
adorns the body of it. 


COME. LL Thi) 


CONUS: 


Puate XXII. 


Species 122. (Fig. aand c, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 6, Mus. 
Wigan.) 


Conus monacuus. Con. testa oblongo-turbinatd, subcy- 
lindraced, levigatd, basi sulcatd ; pallide ceruled, oli- 
vaceo-caesio nebulosd et undatd; spird breviusculé 
conicd, spiraliter striatd, apice subobtuso. 

Tue monk Cone. | Shell oblong-turbinated, somewhat 
cylindrical, smooth, grooved at the base; pale blue, 
waved and clouded with olive-grey; spire rather 
shortly conical, spirally striated, apex somewhat 
blunt. 

Linnaus, Syst. Nat., vol. ii. p. 1168. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 478. 

Hab. Asiatic seas; Lamarck. 


The Conus monachus is very closly allied to the Conus 
achatinus ; it may, however, be readily distinguished by 
not having any of the interrupted transverse lines which 
characterize that species. 


Species 123. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. , Mus. 
Stainforth.) 


Conus cotuprinus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, sub- 
ventricosd, superne tumidiusculd, solidd, infern® co- 
arctatd, transversim subtilissime striata ; fuscd vel 
aurantio-fuscd, maculis albis, elongato-cordatis, ir- 
regularibus, sejunctis, profuse ornatd ; spird obtuso- 
elatd. 

Tue sNAKE-SKIN Conk. Shell oblong-turbinated, rather 
ventricose ; upper part a little swollen, solid, lower 
part contracted, very finely striated transversely ; 
brown or orange-brown, profusely ornamented with 
uregular, isolated, elongately heart-shaped white 
spots; spire obtusely raised. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 517. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 106. 

Hab. Island of Taheite (found on the reefs); Cuming. 


This is a very peculiarly spotted Cone; the spots are 
entirely separated from each other, and may be likened 
in appearance to the globules into which oil separates on 
the surface of water. 

There is a bad figure of the Conus colubrinus in Mar- 
tini’s Conch. Cab., vol. ii. pl. 54. f. 594. 


Species 124. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus cervus. Con. testd majusculd, cylindraceo-ovatd, 
subinflatd ; pallid? rosaceo-fulvd, teniis inequalibus 
Sulvo alboque promiscue articulatis cinctd ; spird brevi, 
spiraliter striatd, apice pallid rosaceo ; aperture 
Sauce alba. 

Tue staG Cone. Shellrather large, cylindrically ovate, 
a little inflated; pale rosaceous yellow, encircled 
with unequal fillets of promiscuously articulated 
white and dull brownish-yellow ; spire short, spi- 
rally striated, apex pale rose-colour ; interior of the 
shell white. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p- 510. 

Conus bullatus, var., Sowerby, Conch. Illus., f. 24. 

Hab. ? 


It is related in my account of the Conus Deshayesii 
(vide Pl. V. Species 28.) how much I am indebted to 
M. Delessert of Paris, and to his curator M. Chenu, for 
an opportunity of examining the identical shell de- 
scribed by Lamarck under the title of Conus cervus ; 
and I now repeat my estimation of their courtesy, 
because it has enabled me to correct the illustration of 
a species hitherto unknown to English writers. The 
Conus cervus, a magnificent specimen of which is now 
before me, belonging to the Rev. Mr. Stainforth, is 
nevertheless so closely allied to the Conus bullatus, that 
I am strongly inclined to think with Mr. Sowerby that 
it may prove to be a gigantic variety of that species. 
It differs most remarkably in size, and it is of much 
paler colour, but these differences cannot with propriety 
The difficulty 
of uniting the Conz cervus and bullatus under one species, 


be looked upon as specific distinctions. 


with a proper degree of certainty, arises from our ha- 


: ving no intermediate examples. 


Species 125. (Mus. Cuming.) 
Conus InTERRUPTUS. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, su- 
perne tumidiusculd, basim versus sulcatd ; incarnatd, 
spadiceo longitudinaliter nebulosd, teniis frequentibus 
spadiceo alboque articulatis cinctd ; spird concavo- 
elatd, apice acuto ; aperture fauce purpured. 
Shell oblong-turbinated, 
rather swollen at the upper part, grooved towards 
the base ; pale rosaceous flesh-colour, clouded lon- 


THE 


INTERRUPTED Cone. 


August 1843. 


CONUS.—Ptate XXII. 


gitudinally with dark reddish-brown, and encircled 
with numerous fillets of the same colour articulated 
with white; spire concavely raised, apex sharp; 
interior purple. 

Broperip and Sowersy, Zool. Journ., vol. iv. p. 379. 

Gray, Zool. Beechey’s Voy., p. 119. pl. 33. f. 2. 

Hab. Pacific Ocean, near Mazatlan. 


This shell, originally imported in the Blossom, is now 
common in collections. 


Species 126. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus manocanr. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, sub- 
cylindraced, basim versus sulcatd ; albida, spadiceo 
profuse tinctd, teniis frequentibus spadiceo alboque 
articulatis cincté ; spird valde elata ; aperture fauce 
albd. 

Tur manocany Cons. Shell elongately turbinated, 
rather cylindrical, grooved towards the base; 
whitish, profusely stained with reddish-brown and 
encircled with numerous fillets of the same colour 
articulated with white; spire very much raised ; 
interior white. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 18438. 

Hab. Salango, West Columbia (found in sandy mud) ; 


Cuming. 


This species differs from the preceding in having the 
spire narrower and much more elevated ; it is always 


more strongly and fully stained with the dark reddish- 
brown, and the interior of the shell exhibits no indica- 
tion of any purple. 


Species 127. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus erapiator. Con. testd subinflato-turbinatd, basim 
versus striatd, brunned, albo obscure longitudinali- 
ter strigatd, balteo subcentrali subobsoleto, albente, 
cinctd; spird granuloso-striata, brunned, leviter coro- 
natd, tuberculis albis ; aperturd latiusculd ; epidermide 
crassd, longitudinaliter rugosa, hic et illic tomentosa. 

Tur GLaprator Cons. Shell rather inflately turbinated, 
striated towards the base; brown, obscurely lon- 
gitudinally streaked with white and encircled with 
a rather obsolete nearly central white belt ; spire 
granulously striated, brown, slightly coronated, 
tubercles white, aperture rather wide ; epidermis 
thick, rough longitudinally, here and there hairy 
or tufted. 

BropveriP, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Sowersy, Conch, Illus., f. 34. 

Hab. Panama (found in soft sand in the clefts of rocks) ; 
Cuming. 


Mr. Broderip observes, “that the ground-colour of this 
shell is sometimes ash-colour with longitudinal chestnut 
stripes ;” it approaches nearest to the Conus brunneus, 
though readily distinguishable on account of the spire 
being more finely coronated. 


conus, PL XU 


30 


CONUS: 


Pruate XXIII. 


Species 128. (Fig.a, Mus. Dennison ; Fig. 6, Mus. 
Cuming.) 

Conus tuLipa. Con. testd oblongd, ventricosd, inflatd, 
levi, columelld basim versus leviter sulcata ; ceruleo- 
albd, rubido- aut purpureo-fusco longitudinaliter un- 
datd, lineisque fuscis albipunetatis cingulatd ; spird 
brevi, obsolete coronatd, leviter canaliculatd, spira- 
liter striata ; apice roseo, elato, acuto ; aperturd pa- 
tente, fauuce purpureo-violaced. 

Tue tuLre Cone. Shell oblong, ventricose, inflated, 
smooth, columella finely grooved towards the base ; 
bluish-white, longitudinally waved with reddish or 
purplish-brown, and encircled with lines of white- 
spotted brown; spire short, obsoletely coronated, 
slightly canaliculated and spirally striated; apex 
rose-tinted, elevated and sharp; aperture open, in- 
terior purplish-violet. 

Linnaius, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3395. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 454. 

Hab. \sland of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (found on the reefs) ; 
Cuming. 

The above locality is particularized for this shell on 
the authority of Mr. Cuming; it is well known to in- 
habit many other localities in the tropical regions. 


Species 129. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus tntERMEDIvS. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, sub- 
cylindraced, levi, columellé basim versus subtiliter 
sulcatd ; puniceo-rosed, maculis grandibus fuscescen- 
tibus reticulatis interrupte bibalteatd, interstitiis plus 
minusve pallidé reticulatis ; spird convexo-elatd, spira- 
liter striatd; aperturd patente, fauce pallide violaced. 

Tuer INTERMEDIATE Cone. Shell elongately turbinated, 
somewhat cylindrical, smooth, columella finely 
grooved towards the base; scarlet rose-colour, 
belted with two interrupted rows of large reticu- 
lated brownish blotches, the interstices being more 
or less faintly reticulated with the same colour ; 
spire convexly raised, spirally striated; aperture 
open, interior pale violet. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Conus geographus, var., Broderip ; Sowerby, Conch. 
Illus., f. 33. 

Hab. Island of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (found on the reefs) ; 

Cuming. 


I have long suspected this shell to be distinct from the 
Conus geographus ; it differs constantly in form, in colour, 
and in the general distribution of the brown reticulated 
painting. These differences are unimportant however 
compared with a character which it has in common with 
the Conus tulipa, namely that of having the lower portion 
delicately grooved. The base of the Conus geographus 
does not present the slightest indication of this grooving, 
nor indeed any inequality of surface beyond the ordinary 
strie of growth, which pass in the contrary direction. I 
notice this character in the Conus intermedius merely to 
show that it cannot be a variety of the Conus geographus ; 
the grooving must not be regarded as a specific pecu- 
liarity, because, as already observed, it is common to the 
Conus tulipa, as well as to another closely allied species, 
the Conus obscurus (vide Pl. XVI. Sp. 82.). 


Species 130. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus GEOGRAPHUS. 
tricosd, tenui, inflatd, ceruleo et incarnato pallide 
tinctd, rubido-fusco maculatd et reticulata 3 Spird 
concavd, leviter canaliculutd, spiraliter striatd, coro- 
natd, tuberculis subcompressis, prominentibus ; apice 
rosaceo. 

Tue GeocrarHER Cons, Shell oblong-turbinated, ven- 
tricose, thin, inflated, faintly stained with flesh- 
colour and washy blue, blotched and reticulated with 
reddish-brown; spire concave, slightly canaliculated, 
spirally striated and coronated, the tubercles being 
a little compressed and rather prominent; apex 
rose-tinted. 

Linn£vs, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3396. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 455. 

Hab. Mauritius, Ceylon, &c. (found on the reefs). 


Con. testa oblongo-turbinatd, ven- 


This well-known shell differs from its allied species 
the Coni tulipa, intermedius, and obscurus in size, paint- 
ing, and in the absence of fine grooves round the base. 


Species 131. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus urneatus. Con. test oblongo-turbinatd, basim 
versus granuloso-liratd ; albd, aurantio-fusco filisque 
transversis numerosis tinctd, macularum albarum ir- 
regularium fasciis tribus relinquentibus ; spird de- 


August 1843. 


CONUS.—Pratr XXIII. 


presso-convexd, fusco alboque arcuatim tessellata ; 
aperture fauce albd. 

Tue tingaTeD Cone. Shell oblong-turbinated, encir- 
cled towards the base with fine granular ridges ; 
white, stained with orange-brown and numerous 
transverse thread-like lines in such a manner as to 
leave three bands of very irregular white spots; 
spire depressly convex, arcuately tessellated with 
brown and white; interior of the aperture white. 

Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. x. pl. 138. f. 1285. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans yert., vol. vii. p. 466. 

Hab. Ceylon (found in rocky places); Dr. Siebald. 


This species may be recognised by the fine thread- 
like lines which traverse the darker parts of the shell ; 
it passes very nearly in other respects into the C. vul- 
pinus, the painting is so variable. There isa small spe- 
cimen of the Conus lineatus in the collection of the Rev. 
Mr. Stainforth with the rows of granules extending half- 
way up the shell, and they are much more strongly de- 
veloped than in the specimen here figured. 

It is a remarkable fact, that all granulated varieties of 
any species of Cone are of diminutive proportion, and 
the more diminutive the more highly granulated. 


Species 182. (Mus. Cuming.) 
Conus virutinus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, basim 
versus granuloso-liratd ; albd, fascid latd aurantio- 
fused cingulata, fusco supra et infra albam undatim 
intersecante ; spird depresso-convexd, leviter canali- 


culatd, fusco alboque arcuatim tessellatd; aperture 
Sauce albdé ; basi intus extusque nigerrimo-fuscd. 

THE caLr-srripeD Conr. Shell oblong-turbinated, gra- 
nulously ridged towards the base ; white, encircled 
with a broad dark orange-brown band, with a num- 
ber of waved streaks of the same colour proceeding 
from it, intersecting the white above and below ; 
spire depressly convex, slightly canaliculated, ar- 
cuately tessellated with brown and white; interior 
of the aperture white ; base of the shell very dark 
brown both within and without. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vol. i. part 2. p. 648. pl. 326. f. 3. 

Lamarcr, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 467. 

Hab. Ceylon. 


This species may be distinguished from the preceding 
by the regularly waved brown streaks which intersect 
the white spaces, and by the absence of the fine thread- 
like transverse lines. 


Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus PULCHELLUS (variety 3). Testa largior, tumidior, 
bifasciata, punctis indistinctis ; spird pallide purpu- 
red, non canaliculatd. 

Shell larger, more swollen, doubly banded, rows of dots 
indistinct ; spire pale purple, not canaliculated. 
Conus cinctus, Swainson. 


For a detailed account of this beautiful shell, (Conus 
pulchellus, Variety (,) refer to Pl. XI. Sp. 53. 


“FT tee 
oy 


a) tye 


2p 
a 


‘ oa ae 
Pian WAN) 2 
> ne 


Conus, Pl XXPV 


35 


ony 


CONUS. 


Pirate XXIV. 


Species 133. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Stainforth; Fig. ¢, 
Mus. Cuming.) 


Con. testd turbinata, helvaced, zona 
albd, angusta, in medio fasciatd, striis transversis 


Conus PUNCTATUS. 


numerosis, elevatis, fusco-punctatis, cinctd ; spird 
obtusd, spiraliter striata, obsolete coronatd, fusco 
oblique strigatd ; apice interdum subelato. 

Tue votrep Cons. Shell turbinated, pale reddish 
brown, banded round the middle with a narrow 
white zone, and everywhere encircled with raised 
brown-dotted striz ; spire obtuse, spirally striated, 
obsoletely coronated, obliquely streaked with brown; 
apex sometimes a little elevated. 

Cuemnirz, Conch. Cab., vol. x. p. 36. pl. 139. f. 1294. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 455. 


Variety 6. (Fig. 133 a and 133 c.) 


Testa lineis brevibus transversis, nigerrimo-fuscis, plus 
minusve nebulosis, longitudinaliter strigata. 
Shell longitudinally streaked with short transverse 
blackish-brown lines, more or less clouded over. 
Conus pellis-hyene, Chemnitz,{Conch. Cab., vol. xi. 
p. 49. pl. 181. f. 1750 and 1751. 

Conus hyena, Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. 
p. 656. pl. 327.f.5 and 7; Lamarck, Anim. sans 
vert., vol. vii. p. 472. 

Hab. West Coast of Africa, Coast of Guinea; Dr. Sie- 
bald. 


There can be no doubt of the complete specific affinity 
between the two shells described by Chemnitz, Bruguiere, 
Lamarck and others, under the respective titles of punc- 
tatus and hyena. The specimens here selected for re- 
presentation, though extreme varieties, agree precisely 
in many important particulars: in the peculiar parallel of 
the aperture for example, the grooving round the base, 
the spiral striz of the spire, the slight irregularity of the 
suture occasioned by the spire being obsoletely coronated, 
and the pale central band; whilst on the other hand in 
the features in which they differ, such as the greater or 
less depression of the spire, and the longitudinal streaks 
of colouring matter, they are completely assimilated by 
intermediate varieties. 


Species 134. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus Auticus. Con. testd cylindraceo-elongatd, fusca 
aut castaneo-fuscd, transverse lineatd, maculis grandi- 
bus triangularibus, inequalibus, albis, vivide ornata ; 
spird elevato-exsertd. 

Tue court Cone. Shell cylindrically elongated, brown 
or chestnut-brown, crossed with numerous lines, 
and vividly ornamented with large, unequal, white, 
triangular spots; spire elevately exserted. 

Linnaus, Syst. Nat., vol. i. p. 1171. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 515. 

Hab. Ceylon, Mauritius, &c. 


The large triangular white spots, so characteristic of 
the Conus aulicus, are somewhat larger and more di- 
stinct in the magnificent specimen here represented than 
usual. The most important specific feature of the shell 
is also unusually clear, namely, the absence of any 
articulated white spaces or punctures on the transverse 
lines. 


Species 135. (Mus. Cuming.) 
Conus Fumicatus. Con. testd turbinatd, levi, luteo- 
castaned, lineis fuscis perpaucis, zondque albidd, vividd, 
subcentrali, cingulata ; zond fusco hic et illic longitu- 
dinaliter strigatd ; spird obtuso-convexd, leviter ca- 
naliculatd, alba, fusco inquinatd. 
Shell turbinated, smooth, yellow- 
ish chestnut, encircled with a few brown lines, and 
a vivid white, nearly central zone, longitudinally 
streaked here and there with brown ; spire obtusely 
convex, slightly canaliculated, white, bedaubed with 
brown. 
Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 704. 
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 496. 
Hab. Seas of America ; Lamarck. 


THE SMOKED Cone. 


This shell does not appear to have been known hi- 
therto in good condition, the fine transverse lines, and 
the scattered painting of the white zone never having 
been noticed. 


Species 136. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus tienarius. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, basim 
versus subtiliter sulcatd ; luteo-fusca, fusco indistincte 


bifasciatd, filis tenuissimis fuscis densissime cingu- 


September 1843. 


CONUS.—Ptarte XXIV. 


laté ; spird planiusculd, leviter canaliculatd, sutura 
subirregulari, apice elato, acuto. 

THE woop Cons. Shell oblong-turbinated, finely 
grooved towards the base; yellowish-brown, encir- 
cled with two indistinct bands of pale brown, and a 
number of very fine dark brown thread-like lines ; 
spire flattish, lightly canaliculated, suture somewhat 
irregular, apex elevated and sharp. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Port Sacloban, Island of Leyte, Philippines (found 
on mud banks just above low-water mark) ; Cu- 
ming. 

This Cone, which looks exactly as if it were carved out 
of solid box-wood, was found by Mr. Cuming in great 
abundance in the above-mentioned locality. 


Species 137. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus ERYTHREENSIS. Con. testd turbinatd, levi, albida, 
maculis rubido-fuscis numerosis, irregulariter sub- 
quadratis, interdum bifasciatim confluentibus, seriatim 
cinctd; spird exsertd, leviter canaliculatd, rubido- 
fusco densissime tessellatd ; apice acuto, aperture 
Fauce violacea. 

THE RED-sPpoTTED Cone. Shell turbinated, smooth, 
whitish, encircled with rows of numerous, irregu- 
larly square, reddish-brown spots, sometimes flow- 
ing together so as to form two cross bands; spire 
exserted, slightly canaliculated, thickly tessellated 
with reddish-brown; apex sharp, interior violet. 

Beck, MSS., Mus. King of Denmark. 

Hab. ? 


The painting of this shell resembles somewhat that 
of certain dwarf varieties of the Conus leoninus. 


a 
s i 
7 
an % 
- 
ad —=— 
a 
_ 
_ 
oe 
ma - 
~ i = 


4 
D 
i r wn 
s - 
-_ 
ta 
, 
2 r 
= 7 : 
¥ - of 
t 
-« Sai 
s 
7 
7 
* 
i 
: 1 
or 
"1 7 
i 
fy 


Conws, PLXRV. 


141° 


CONUS 


Pouate XXV. 


Species 138. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus prarectus. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, angustd, 
levi, basim versus sulcatd, sulcis peculiariter pertusis ; 
Sfulvd, albido pallide fasciatd ; spird convexo-acutd, 
spiraliter striatd, fulvo variegatd ; apice elato, acuto. 

Tue overseER Cone. Shell elongately turbinated, nar- 
row, smooth, grooved towards the base, grooves 
peculiarly prickled; brownish yellow, encircled with 
a nearly central faint whitish band; spire convexly 
raised, spirally striated, variegated with brownish 
yellow ; apex raised and acute. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 754. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 513. 
Conus teres levis, Martini. 
Conus ochroleucus, Gmelin. 

Hab. Swan River; Lieut. Collie. 


This species may be distinguished by its elongated 
form, its pale nankeen colour, and the peculiarly pricked 
grooves round the base. 


Species 139. (Fig. a@ and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus anEmonE. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, trans- 
versim striatd, basim versus sulcatd, albido-cinered, 
vel cinnamomed, vel rosed, fusco aut castaneo pecu- 
liariter sparsd ; spird elatd, spiraliter striatd ; apice 
roseo. : 

Shell oblong-turbinated, trans- 
versely striated, grooved towards the base, pale ash, 
cinnamon, or rose-colour, peculiarly sprinkled with 
brown or chestnut ; spire elevated, spirally striated ; 
apex rose-tinted. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 479. 


Ture ANEMONE Cone. 


Variety 3. (Fig. 139 a.) 


Testa brevior, inflatior, albido-cerulea, fusco frequentiore ; 
spira depressior. 

Shell shorter, more inflated, pale blue, with the sprinkled 
brown more frequent ; spire more depressed. 
Conus maculosus, Sowerby, Conch. Ilus., f. 3. 

Hab, Van Diemen’s Land, Port Lincoln, Port Essington, 
&c., Australia. 


The Conus anemone, which has been received in great 
abundance from Australia, presents so wide a variation 
of growth, that it seems almost absurd to think that a 


proper specific relation can be established between the 
extreme forms here represented ; the one short light and 
inflated, the other elongated and comparatively solid. 
Such however is the fact : the specimens, of which a nu- 
merous series is before me, exhibit the minutest grada- 
tion from one extreme to the other, accompanied with 
the consequent elevation or depression of the spire ; the 
striated surface, the spirally-striated spire, the light 
grooving round the base, and the peculiar sprinkled cha- 
racter of the painting are, within significant modification, 
the same in all. Let no one judge of this seemingly 
anomalous relation without a critical examination and 
comparison of numerous specimens. 


Species 140. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Grapatus. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, levius- 
culd, albidd, rubido-fusco longitudinaliter inquinatd . 
spird turrito-exsertd ; apice valde elato. 

Tue TuRRETED Conz. Shell elongately turbinated, ra- 
ther smooth, whitish, longitudinally bedaubed with 
reddish brown; spire exserted in the form of a 
turret ; apex very elevated. 

Gray, MSS., British Museum. 

Hab. Salango, South America (found on the sands) ; 
Cuming. 

I have seen several specimens of this remarkable shell, 
each exhibiting the same peculiarly turreted spire, and 
the same exact style of painting. It approximates in its 
general outline to the Conus generalis, and is certainly 
very closely allied to it; I cannot however agree with my 
excellent friend the Rev. Mr. Stainforth, in considering 
it to be a monstrosity of that species. 


Species 141. (Fig. a, Mus. Stainforth ; Fig. 6, Mus. 
Cuming.) 


Conus auratus. Con. testd cylindraceo-elongatd, au- 
rantio-castaned, transversim lineatd, maculis albis 
cordatis, seriebus longitudinalibus, irregularibus, re- 
motis, ornatd ; lineis transversis subobsolete albipune- 
tatis ; spird valde exsertd, apice subobtuso. 

Tue Gitpep Conz. Shell cylindrically elongated, 
orange-chestnut, transversely lineated, and orna- 
mented with distant, irregular, longitudinal rows of 
white heart-shaped spots; transverse lines some- 


September 1843, 


CONUS.—Puate XXV. 


what obsoletely punctured or articulated with 
white; spire very elevated, apex rather obtuse. 
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 516. 
Conus aulicus, var., Bruguiére. 
Hab. Ceylon, Mauritius, &c. 


Variety 6. (Fig. 141 6.) 


Testa elongatior, roseo-castanea, maculis triangularibus 
pallid roseis. 

Shell more elongated, rose-chestnut, with the trian- 
gular spots pale rose. 
Conus aulicus, var., Sowerby. 

Hab. Isle of Annaa or Chain Island, Pacific Ocean 
(found on the reefs); Cuming. 


Although the Conus auratus may be commonly di- 
stinguished from the Conus aulicus by its orange or rose 
tint, and more cylindrically-elongated form, it has not 
been separated on those grounds by Lamarck, The 
difference which this acute conchologist detected, is that 
of the transverse lines in the species under consideration 
being more or less spotted or articulated with small white 
dots or punctures. says La- 
marck, ‘‘ articulées de points blancs, quoique peu appa- 
rentes, mais dont on apper¢oit toujours des vestiges, l’en 
distinguent constamment.” This punctured articulation 
is not however peculiar to the Conus auratus; it occurs in 


> 


«« Ses lignes transverses,’ 


the Conti episcopus, magnificus, and other reticulated 
species. They have nevertheless their specific peculia- 
rities, and I see no reason why this simple distinction 
between the Coni aulicus and auratus should not be ob- 
served if only to facilitate the arrangement of the long 
and very difficult series of reticulated or brocaded Cones. 


Species 142. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Orion. Con. testd turbinatd, transversim striata ; 
castaned, albo sparsim maculatd, balteo albo, castaneo 
superne tessellato, mediane cinctd ; spird mediocri, 
albo castaneoque maculatd. 

Tue Orton Cone. Shell turbinated, transversely striated, 
chestnut-colour, sparingly spotted with white and 
encircled round the middle with a white band, tes- 
sellated on the upper part with chestnut ; spire ordi- 
nary, spotted with white and chestnut. 

Broverip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 40. 

Hab. Real Llejos, Central America (found in soft sand 
in the clefts of rocks) ; Cuming. 


In some specimens of this shell, the remains, as it 
were, of a blotched moniliform band may be traced be- 
tween the white central belt and the spire. 


Conits, PL_XXVI. 


147 


dowerc 4 
148 Hi r 
‘ pred lth Linn. ump 


GON US. 


PLATE XXVI. 


Species 143. (Fig. a, Mus. Stainforth ; Fig. b, Mus. 
Cuming.) 


Conus minimus. Con. testd obeso-turbinatd, pallide 
rosed aut ceruled, balteis duobus latis, viridi-glauci- 
nis, teniis angustis numerosis, fusco alboque articu- 
latis, cinctd ; spird obtuso-converd, coronatd. 

Tue very sMALL Cone. Shell stoutly turbinated, pale 
rose or bluish, encircled with two broad greenish 
grey belts, and a number of narrow fillets of arti- 
culated brown and white; spire obtusely convex, 
coronated. 

Linyavus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3382. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 450. 

Hab. Ceylon, &c. Found also by Mr. Cuming on coral 
rocks at the Isle of Annaa in the Pacific Ocean. 


Variety 6. (Fig. 1438 0.) 


Testa major, valdius coronata, tuberculis grandibus, pal- 
lidis, teniis latioribus. 

Shell larger, more strongly coronated, tubercles large 
and pale, fillets wider. 
Conus tiaratus, Broderip. 

Hab. Gallapagos Islands (found in pools on the sands) ; 
Cuming. 


There can be no doubt of Mr. Broderip’s Conus tiara- 
tus being a variety of the Conus minimus; they exhibit 
too many characters in common to allow of their being 
separated. 


Species 144. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus MoNILIFER. Con. testd subfusiformi-turbinatd, ad 
basim leviter recurvd ; leviusculd, albicante, castaneo 
variegatd, punctis castaneis numerosis seriatim cinctd ; 
spird valde acuminatd, castaneo maculatd. 

THe nEcKLaceD Cone. Shell somewhat fusiformly tur- 
binated, slightly recurved towards the base; rather 
smooth, whitish, variegated with chestnut, and en- 
circled with numerous rows of chestnut dots ; spire 
considerably acuminated, blotched with chestnut. 

Bropenrir, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Sowersy, Conch, Illus., f. 37. 

Hab. Salango, South America (dredged from sandy mud 
at the depth of nine fathoms) ; Cuming. 


The form of this shell is certainly peculiar; the spe- 
cimen here represented is the only one that has been 
seen at present. 


Species 145. (Fig. a & 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus etans. Con. testd elongato-cylindraced, trans- 
versim striata, striis nunc planis, nune granulosis, 
granulis compressis; fulvo-fuscd aut violaced, obsolete 
albifasciatd ; spird convexo-exsertd, apice subobtuso. 
Shell elongately cylindrical, trans- 


versely striated, striz sometimes smooth, sometimes 


THE Acorn Cone. 


granulated, granules compressed; violet or yellow- 
ish brown, obsoletely banded with white; spire 
convexly exserted, apex somewhat obtuse. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 735. 

Hab. Philippine Islands, &c. 


This species, of which I have represented two extreme 
varieties, is commonly variegated with both the violet and 
yellowish brown, and it is either smooth or more or less 
partially granulated, the granules being compressed. 


Species 146. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Con. testd suboblongo-turbinatd, 
prope basim paululiim attenuata, levi; albida, rubi- 


Conus REGULARIS. 


do-fusco plus minusve pallide tinctd, fasciis fuscis 
angustis, numerosis, interruptis, cinctd ; spird acumi- 
nato-easertd, fusco profuse maculata. 

THE REGULAR Cone. Shell rather oblong-turbinated, 
a little attenuated near the base, smooth; whitish, 
more or less palely stained with reddish brown, and 
encircled with a number of narrowinterrupted bands 
of a darker shade of the same colour; spire acumi- 
nately exserted, profusely spotted with brown. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 45. 

Hab. Gulf of Nicoya, Central America (dredged from 
soft mud at the depth of twenty-three fathoms) ; 
found also in the Bay of Panama at the depth of 
about seven fathoms; Hinds. 


The specimen here represented is one of several very 
richly coloured examples collected by Mr. Hinds and 
Captain Belcher at the above-mentioned localities during 
the late expedition of H.M.S. Sulphur. 


Septem! er 1843. 


CONUS.—Piatx XXVI. 


Species 147. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus raBuLa. Con. testa subobeso-turbinatd, superne 
solidd, transverse striatd, striis subtilissime granulo- 
sis, granulis equidistantibus, regularibus ; alba, fusco, 
hic et illic longitudinaliter confluente, bifasciatim in- 
quinatd ; spird obtuso-rotundata ; apice parvo, elato, 
acuto. 

THE LITTLE BEAN Cone. Shell rather stoutly turbi- 
nated, superiorly solid, transversely striated, striz 
very finely granulated, granules equidistant and re- 
gular; white, bedaubed with two bread bands of 
brown, flowing down here and there in streaks ; 
spire obtusely rounded; apex small, elevated and 
sharp. 

Sowersy, Conch. IIlus., f. 5. 

Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. 

There are certain varieties of this Cone which pass 
very nearly into others of the Conus glans ; it may how- 
ever be said to differ from that species in shape, in the 


form and character of the granules, and in its peculiar 
style of painting. 


Species 148. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus quercrnus. Con. testd obeso-turbinatd, levi, pal- 
lide luted, filis fuscis tenuissimis profuse cincta ; 
spird plano-convexd ; apice elato, acuto. 

Tuer oak Cone. Shell stoutly turbinated, smooth, pale 
yellow, encircled with a profusion of fine brown 
thread-like lines ; spire flatly convex ; apex raised, 
and sharp. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol.i. part 2. p. 681. 

Hab. Ceylon, &c. 


Few species vary more in general obesity of form than 
the Conus quercinus; I have not thought it necessary to 
figure any specimen of very stout growth, as the cha- 
racters are more impaired in such varieties, and the 
species is among the most distinct and best known of 
the genus. 


‘ bp 


Conus, Fi X XVII. 


149 


150 


153 


156 


werby acl et ith 


G:O NEUES. 


Prats XXVII. 


Species 149. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Atcornsis. Con. testd subcylindraceo-turbinatd, 
tenuiculd, levi; castaneo-fuscd, fascid unicd, fas- 
ciisve duabus albis, peculiariter interruptis, ornatd ; 
spird brevi, convexd, fusco alboque articulatd. 

Tue Argos Cons. Shell somewhat cylindrically tur- 
binated, rather thin, smooth ; light chestnut-brown, 
ornamented with one or two peculiarly interrupted 
white bands; spire short, convex, articulated with 
white and brown. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1834; Conch. Illus., f. 66. 

Hab. Algoa Bay, southern coast of Africa (found on the 
sands) ; Capt. Percival. 


This species may be recognised by the peculiar man- 
ner in which the brown painting is festooned, as it were, 
round the base of the spire. 


Species 150. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus nanus. Con. testd subobeso-turbinatd, solidd, 
alba, pallidissime livido-zonatd, basi livido-purpu- 
rascente, epidermide luteo-olivaced indutd ; spird con- 
vewd, coarctatd, subtiliter coronatd ; aperture fauce 
basim versus livido-purpurascente. 

Tue pwarr Cone. Shell rather stoutly turbinated, solid, 
white, very faintly lividly zoned, livid purple at the 
base, covered with a yellowish olive epidermis ; 
spire convex, contracted, finely coronated ; aperture 
livid purple towards the base. 

Broperi?, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Hab. Lord Hood’s Island, Pacific Ocean (found on the 
reefs) ; Cuming. 


The specimen selected for illustration is represented 
partially covered with epidermis. 


Species 151. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus atpimacutatus. Con. testd turbinatd, granulatd, 
granulis prominentibus, subdistantibus ; aurantid, 
macularum albarum grandium seriebus duabus vivide 
ornatd ; spird convexd, obsolete coronatd, apice mu- 
cronato, elato. 

Tue wuire-sporrep Cone. Shell turbinated, granu- 
lated, granules prominent and rather distant ; 


bright orange, vividly ornamented with two rows of 
large white spots; spire convex, obsoletely coro- 
nated, apex raised and pointed. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 2. 

Hab. ? 


The white spots which characterize this species are so 
large, that five, at a moderate distance from each other, 
extend entirely round the shell. 


Species 152. (Mus. Delessert.) 


Conus Lorenzranus. Con. testd subpyramidali-turbi- 
natd, basim versus striatd, lineisque punctatis notata ; 
albidé aut pallide flava, flammis rufescentibus longi- 
tudinaliter pictd ; spird acuminato-exsertd. 

Tue Lorenzian Cone. 
turbinated, striated, and marked with faintly dotted 


lines towards the base, whitish or pale yellow, lon- 


Shell somewhat pyramidally 


gitudinally painted with reddish flames; spire acu- 
minately exserted. 

Cuemnirz, Conch. Cab., vol. ii. p. 51. pl. 181. f. 1754 
and 1755. 
Conus flammeus, Lamarck. 

Hab. Seas of Africa; Lamarck. 


Chemnitz appears to have named this shell after a 
collection (or the owner of it) which furnished him with 
much valuable matter for illustration. 


Species 153. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus concinnus. Con. testd cylindraceo-pyriformi, 
politd, basim versus sulcatd, alba, luteo-castaneo quasi 
geographice pictd ; spird rotundatd, suturis subtilis- 
sime crenulatis, apice mucronato, elato, rosaceo. 

Tue comety Cone. Shell cylindrically pear-shaped, 
polished, grooved towards the base, white, geogra- 
phically painted, as it were, with yellowish chest- 
nut; spire rounded, sutures very finely crenulated, 
apex raised, pointed, rose-tinted. 

Bropverip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Hab. Bay of California (found on the sands) ; Mr. Babb, 
R.N. 


An exceedingly pretty species, especially remarkable 
on account of the sutures of the spire being very mi- 
nutely crenulated. 


October 1848. 


CONUS.—Puate XXVII. 


Species 154. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus pusittus. Con. testdé subobeso-turbinatd, solidd, 
albd, punctis quadrangulis rubidis, interdum longitu- 
dinaliter confluentibus, seriatim cinctd ; spird convexd, 
subtiliter coronatd ; basi violaceo-nigricante. 

smMaLL Cone. Shell rather stoutly turbinated, 
solid, white, encircled with rows of reddish qua- 


drangular dots, sometimes flowing together longi- 


THE 


tudinally ; spire convex, finely coronated ; base very 
dark violet. 

Cuemnirz (not of Lamarck), Conch. Cab., vol. 11. p. 65. 
pl. 183. f. 1788 and 1789. 

Hab. Seychelle Islands, north of Madagascar ; M. Cloué. 


I think it seems tolerably evident that Lamarck’s 
Conus pusillus is not the shell described by Chemnitz 
under that title; and I feel much indebted to M. Cloué, 
an intelligent officer of the French navy, for the speci- 
men here represented agreeing with the original. 


Species 155. (Mus. Delessert.) 


Conus Narcissus. Con. testd turbinatd, basim versus 
sulcatd ; aurantid, maculis perpaucis albis aspersd, 
fascidque alba interrupta deorsum ornatd ; spird sub- 
elatd, obtusd, striata, variegatd. 

Tue Narcissus Conr. Shell turbinated, grooved to- 
wards the base; orange, sprinkled with a few white 
spots, and ornamented towards the lower part with 
an interrupted white band ; spire somewhat raised, 
obtuse, striated, variegated. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 492. 

Hab. American Ocean; Lamarck. 


The figure given in illustration of this species has 
been drawn expressly, by permission of M. Delessert, 
from the shell originally in Lamarck’s possession ; it 
has not hitherto been figured, and I feel much indebted 
to M. Chenu for his courtesy in allowing me to examine 
and make use of it. 


Species 156. (Mus. Deshayes. ) 


Con. testa oblongo-turbinatd, tenut- 
culd, transversim liratd, liris planis, interstitiis 


CoNUS ORBITATUS. 


striato-pertusis ; albidd, ustulato-fusco variegatda ; 
spird acuminata, apice elato, acuto. 
‘THe RUT-MARKED Cone. Shell oblong-turbinated, ra- 


ther thin, transversely ridged, ridges flat, interstices 


between them pricked and striated; whitish, varie- 
gated with burnt-brown; spire acuminated, apex 
raised and sharp. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

Hab. g 


I kindly thank M. Deshayes for the use of this inter- 
esting little shell, which at first sight I thought to be 
a young specimen of the Conus sulcatus. 


Species 157. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, levi, 
luteo-olivaced, superne ceruleo-albd, fascia interrup- 


Conus ELONGATUS. 


td subindistinctd deorsum cingulatd ; spird converd, 
ceruleo-albd, subtilissime coronatd, apice rosaceo ; 
basi et aperture fauce vivide violaceis. 

THE ELONGATED Cone. Shell elongately turbinated, 
smooth, yellowish olive, bluish white round the up- 
per part, encircled round the lower with an indistinct 
interrupted band of the same colour; spire con- 
vex, bluish white, very finely coronated, apex rose- 
tinted; base and interior of the aperture deep vio- 
let. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


I adopt the Rev. Mr. Stainforth’s manuscript name for 
this elegant little shell, believing that it may with great 
propriety be regarded as a new species. 


Species 158. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus cineuLatus. Con, testd turbinatd, transversim 
striatd, albidd, flammis rubido-castaneis latiusculis 
undatis longitudinalibus, cingulisque numerosis arti- 
culatis transversis vivide picta; spird acuminatd, 
variegatd. 

THe cirpLepD Cone. Shell turbinated, transversely 
striated, white, vividly painted with rather broad, 
waved, reddish chestnut longitudinal flames, and a 
number of dark articulated narrow girdles of the 
same colour; spire acuminated and variegated. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 482. 


Hab. Indian Ocean; Lamarck. 


The narrow girdles above noted are for the most part 
only visible on the longitudinal flames. 


Conus, Pl, XXV 


159. 


RI e 


160. 


167 
162. 


CONUS. 


Pirate XXVIII. 


Species 159. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus topostoma. Con. testd subelongato-turbinata, 
tenui, leviter inflata; albidd, purpureo pallidissime 
tinctd, luteo-fuscescente sparsim et irregulariter punc- 
tatd et maculatd ; spird subtilissimé sulcatd, apice 
elato, acuto; aperturd latiusculd, fauce violaceo-pur- 
pured. 

Tue vioLet-mouta Cong. Shell somewhat elongately 
turbinated, thin, slightly inflated; whitish, very 
palely tinged with purple, sparingly and irregularly 
dotted and blotched with yellowish brown; spire 
very finely grooved, apex raised and sharp ; aperture 
rather wide, interior stained with violet-purple. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

Hab. ? 


This shell has been supposed to have some consider- 
able affinity with the Conus Janus; it does not however, 
in my opinion, exhibit any characters in common with 
that species, and may at once be distinguished by its 
tenuity, by its spotted peculiarity of painting, and by its 
violet-stained mouth. 


Species 21. (Fig. 6 & c, Mus. Cuming.) 
(Second notice.) 


Conus centurro. (For description vide Plate IV.) 


As this interesting species has not hitherto been re- 
presented in fine condition, I gladly avail myself of the 
opportunity of figuring a magnificent specimen, which 
has lately come into the possession of Mr. Cuming. ‘The 
lip is peculiarly curved, and it presents a marked emar- 
gination at its junction with the base of the spire. 

Hab. Island of Margarita, West Indies. 


Species 160. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus Ficutinus. Con. testd solidd, obesd, supern? ro- 
tundatd ; cinereo-fuscd, filis fuscis numerosis circum- 
ligata ; spird planiusculo-conveard, apice mucronato ; 
apertura subampld, fauce pallide ceruleo-albd. 

Tue ctay Cone. Shell solid, stout, rounded at the up- 
per part; ashy brown, encircled with a number of 
dark thread-like lines; spire rather flatly convex, 
apex pointed; aperture rather large, interior pale 
bluish white. 


Linnzus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3384. 
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 484. 
Hab. Ceylon, &c. 

There is a pale ash-coloured variety of this well- 
known species which should perhaps be noticed. 


Species 161. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Nemocanus. Con. testdé turbinatd, lutescente, in 
medio albifasciatd, zonis filisque tenuissimis undulatis 
approximatis fulvis cinctd, et strigis fulvis arcuatis 
interdum longitudinaliter pictd ; spird convexo-de- 
pressa, subobtusd, fulvo tessellatd ; aperture fauce 
ceruleo-purpured. 

Tue Nemoxa Cone. Shell turbinated, yellowish, en- 
circled with a white band in the middle, together 
with a number of yellowish green zones, and very 
fine undulated thread-like lines, sometimes painted 
also longitudinally with dark broad curved streaks 
of the same colour; spire convexly depressed, ra- 
ther obtuse, tessellated with yellowish green; in- 
terior of the aperture stained with bluish purple. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 712. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 500. 

Hab. Island of Nemoke, Pacific Ocean; Hwass. 


ritius; Capt. Smith. 


Mau- 


The longitudinal streaks which are so prominent in 
the specimen here figured are very inconstant, and the 
larger the shell is, the more indistinct they generally 
appear. 


Species 162. (Mus. Wigan.) 


Conus ABBAS. 
flatd, aurantio-fusco subtilissime reticulatd, zonis 


Con. testa cylindraceo-turbinatd, subin- 


duabus interruptis subindistincte cinctd ; spird con- 
cavo-elata, pice mucronate; aperturd latiusculd, 
Sauce alba. 

Tur apport Cone. Shell cylindrically turbinated, ra- 
ther inflated, very finely reticulated with orange- 
brown, and indistinctly encircled with two inter- 
rupted zones ; spire concavely raised, apex pointed ; 
aperture rather wide, interior white. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 750. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 523. 


Hab. Ceylon, &c. 


October 1843. 


CONUS.—Puarte XXVIII. 


This species may be easily recognised from the rest 
of the brocade series of Cones by the fine character of 
the net-work; it is generally of a short cylindrical form, 
and much more inflated than its allied species. The 
specimen here figured is rather a large one, considerably 
above the average size. 

[For a smaller and more characteristic example of 
this species see Conus Pl. XXXII] 


Species 163. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus TESSELLATUS. Con. testa turbinatd, albd, maculis 
coccineis quadrangulis, in zonis duabus confertioribus, 
seriatim cinctd; basi sulcatd, violaced; spird de- 


presso-pland, apice mucronato. 


THE TESSELLATED Cone. Shell turbinated, white, en- 
circled with rows of quadrangular scarlet spots, 
crowded together more particularly into two zones ; 
base grooved, stained with violet; spire depressly 
flat, apex pointed. 

Born, Ind. Mus. Cesar., p. 131. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 464. 

Hab. Ceylon, Mauritius, &c. 


Although the spots which adorn this well-known 
species are commonly characterized as being of a qua- 
drangular form, they are sometimes so much extended 
transversely as almost to exhibit the appearance of a 
series of broad interrupted lines. 

I have a beautiful example before me of this variety, 
from the collection of J. Dennison, Esq. 


Conus Fl Xab 


CONUS. 


PLATE XXIX. 


Species 164. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus inscriptus. Con. testd turbinatd, solidiusculd, 
levi, basim versus sulcatd, sulcis latis, striatis ; ca@- 
ruleo-albidd, maculis grandibus fuscescentibus, literis 
Sinensibus simillimis, trifasciatim inscriptd, inter- 
stittis macularum minorum serie unicd cingulatis ; 
spird mediocri, spiraliter striatd, fuscescente varie- 
gatd, apice acuto; aperture fauce violaceo-carneo- 
lati. 
INSCRIBED Cone. Shell turbinated, rather solid, 
smooth, grooved towards the base, grooves broad, 
striated; bluish white, inscribed with three bands 
of large pale brown spots, very like Chinese cha- 
racters, interstices between the bands encircled 
with a single row of smaller spots ; spire middling, 
spirally striated, variegated with pale brown, apex 
sharp ; interior of the aperture violet flesh-colour. 
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Conus leo scandens ? Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. x. 


pl. 140. f. 1300. 
? 


THe 


Hab. 


This appears to me to bea well-characterized species, 
and clearly distinct from that variety of the Conus Pro- 
teus to which it so closely approximates in the style 
of painting. I much question whether the figure de- 
scribed by Chemnitz under the title of “ Leo scandens,” 
from an imagined resemblance of the hieroglyphical 
spots to the common heraldic device of the climbing 
lion, is not a representation of this shell, and that La- 
marck, Pfeiffer, and others have somewhat erred in 
quoting it as the well-known similarly marked variety 
of C. Proteus. 

There is another specimen of the Conus inscriptus in 
Mr. Stainforth’s collection. 


Species 165. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus canonicus. Con. testé cylindraceo-turbinatd, so- 
lidiusculd ; albd, nigricante-fusco reticulatd, reticulo 
irregulari, identidem conferto, ceruleo tinctd ; spird 
acuminatd, apice acutissimo ; aperture fauce carneo- 
lato-roseo pallid® tinctd. 

THE CANoNIcAL Cone. Shell cylindrically turbinated, 

rather solid; white, reticulated with blackish brown, 


net-work irregular, here and there close, and stained 


with blue ; spire acuminated, apex very sharp; in- 
terior of the aperture stained with pale fleshy rose. 
Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 749. 
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 522. 
Hab. Seas of India. 


This shell is of a solid narrow cylindrical growth, in 
which the brocade pattern is but very slightly interrupted 
by the patches of longitudinal lines which form so cha- 
racteristic a feature in the Conus teztile. 


Species 166. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Sramensis. Con. testa oblongo-turbinatd, superne 
obesd; albidd, Serrugineo-fulvo fasciatd, teniis an- 
gustis numerosis, fusco et albo articulatis cingulatd ; 
spird subexsertd, ferrugineo-fusco variegatd, apic 
mucronato, acuto. 

Tur Sram Cons. Shell oblong-turbinated, stout round 
the upper part ; white, banded with rusty yellowish 
brown, and encircled with a number of narrow fillets 
of articulated brown and white; spire somewhat 
exserted, variegated with rusty brown, apex pointed 
and sharp. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 662. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 477. 

Hab. Asiatic Seas. 


The Conus Siamensis may be chiefly distinguished from 
its next allied species, the Cont pupilionaceus and Prome- 
theus, by the number of narrow articulated fillets which 
encircle its entire surface. 


Species 167. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Dennison ; Fig. c, 
Mus. Burt.) 


Conus cHaracteristicus. Con. testé obeso-turbinatd, 
solidd, albd, flammis longitudinalibus rubido-fuscis, 
flevuosis, subvenosis aut ramosis, trifasciatim cincté ; 
spird plano-depressd, sulcis evilibus duobus spiraliter 
incisd, apice obtuso. 

Tue characteristic Cone. Shell stoutly turbinated, 

solid, white, encircled with three bands of flexuous, 

somewhat veined or branched longitudinal flames ; 
spire flatly depressed, spirally engraved with two 
fine grooves, apex obtuse. 


November 18438. 


CONUS.—Pratr XXIX. 


Curmnirz, Conch. Cab., vol. xi. p. 54. pl. 182. f. 1760 
and 1761. 
Conus questor, Lamarck. 


Fig. 167 c. 
Testa junior, flammis latioribus, longitudinaliter confluen- 
tibus. 


Shell younger, with the flames wider, longitudinally 
flowing together. ; 


Conus muscosus, Lamarck. 
Hab. West Indies. 


Chemnitz’s figure and concise description of this 
species appear to have escaped the notice of Lamarck. 
The great author of the ‘ Animaux sans vertébres’ 
committed himself also by describing two different 
stages of growth as separate species. 


Conus, T 


16 
/68 


i 
1G9 b. 


J7ia@ 


CONUS. 


Poate XXX. 


Species 168. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


Conus FLAvescens. Con. testd turbinatd, levi, basim 
versus sulcata ; flavescente, maculis albis irregularibus 
perpaucis biseriatim ornatd ; spird acutd, angulata, 
apice mucronato, elato. 

THE PALE YELLOW Cong. Shell turbinated, smooth, 
grooved towards the base; pale yellow, ornamented 
with a very few irregular white spots ranged in 
two rows; spire sharp, angulated, apex pointed 
and raised. 

Gray ?, Sowerby, Conch. Illus., f. 68. 


Hab. 


The spots which encircle this shell around the mid- 
dle, and around the base of the spire, are exceedingly 
irregular, having the appearance of spaces casually left 
in the deposit of the pale yellow colour. 


: 


Species 169. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Hankey.) 

Conus BuLBus. “Con. testdé subobeso-turbinatd, solidd, 
superne rotundatd ; albd, fusco longitudinaliter stri- 
gata, strigis irregularibus, oblique undulatis, superne 
et inferne diffusis ; spird brevi, apice mucronato. 

Tue BuLB-root Cone. Shell rather stoutly turbinated, 
solid, rounded at the upper part; white, longitu- 
dinally streaked with brown, streaks irregular, ob- 
liquely waved, spreading into each other at top and 
bottom ; spire short, apex pointed. 

Variety f. 

Testa omnind fusca. 

Shell entirely brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Cabenda, west coast of Africa (found at the depth 
of five fathoms in soft mud, washed down by the 
waters of the Congo); Hankey. 

Four specimens of this very interesting species were 
collected at the above-named locality by Lieut. Hankey. 
It is a very solid shell, having the appearance of a small 
bulb-root. 


Species 170. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Conus ApLustrE. Con. testd subobeso-turbinatd, tenui, 
subinflatd, levi, basim versus liratd ; rubido-fusco et 
ceruleo pallide et subirregulariter zonatd, teniis fusco- 
articulatis angustis numerosis subtilibus ornatd ; spird 
depresso-convexd, apice mucronato. 


Tue LitTLe FLAG Cone. Shell rather stoutly turbinated, 
thin, somewhat inflated, smooth, ridged towards the 
base ; somewhat irregularly zoned with pale blue 
and reddish brown, ornamented with a number of 
fine narrow fillets articulated with brown; spire 
depressly convex, apex pointed. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

Hab. ? 


This is another new species, and will be recognised as 
being very distinct from any hitherto described. 


Species 171. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Delessert.) 


Conts canceLzatus. Con. testd fusiformi-turbinatd, 
plus minusve obeso-inflatd, basim versus attenuatd ; 
transversim sulcatd, sulcis striis profundis longitu- 
dinalibus decussatim cancellaté ; alba, maculis sub- 
quadrangularibus fuscescentibus trifasciatim cinctd, 
Fascia infima subobsoletd ; spird exsertd, acuminata, 
spiraliter striatd, marginibus apicem versus subtilis- 
simé nodulosis ; labro eximié crenulato. 

Shell fusiformly turbinated, 
more or less stoutly inflated, attenuated towards 
the base; transversely grooved, grooves decussately 
cancellated with deep longitudinal strie; white, en- 
circled with three indistinct bands of nearly qua- 
drangular spots of pale brown, the lowest of which 
is nearly obsolete; spire exserted, acuminated, 
spirally striated, edges minutely noduled towards 


THE CANCELLATED Cone. 


the apex ; lip delicately crenulated. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 500; Enc. Méth., 
pla dots Le 
Conus pagodus, Chenu. 

Hab. Island of Taheite, Pacific Ocean; Lamarck. 


This highly interesting species was only known to 
Lamarck in bad condition, the specimen described by 
him, which I have fortunately had an opportunity of 
examining, being much worn and quite destitute of co- 
It varies considerably in obesity of form, and the 
narrower Varieties are generally the fainter coloured. 


lour. 


The Conus cancellatus is not uncommon in English 
collections; but the magnificent example here figured, 
from the collection of M. Delessert of Paris, is superior | 
to any that I am acquainted with. 


November 1848. 


CONUS.—P ate XXX. 


Species 172. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus Prometugus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, al- 


bidd, maculis lineisque ferrugineo-aurantiis zonatd ; 


spird converd, subcanaliculata, ferrugineo-aurantio 
tessellatd et variegatd ; apice mucronato. 
Tur Promernean Conn. Shell oblong-turbinated, 
whitish, zoned with rusty orange spots and lines ; 
spire convex, slightly canaliculated, tessellated and 


variegated with rusty orange ; apex pointed. 


Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 667. 
Hab. Sechelle Islands, north of Madagascar (found on 
coral reefs) ; Capt. Caldwell. 


The Conus Prometheus is the largest species of the 
genus, and the specimen here represented from the col- 
lection of the Rev. F. J. Stainforth the most gigantic 
example I remember to have seen. 


ris, £ L.AAR 


CONUS. 


Pruate XXXI. 


Species 173. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus acuminatus. Con. testa turbinatd, solidiusculd, 
albd, rubro- aut nigricante-fusco reticulatd, reticulo 
plerumque bifasciatim confuso ; spird leviter canali- 
culatd, fusco tessellatd et variegatd, plus minusve 
acuminata, apice mucronato. 

Tar acuminatep Cone. Shell turbinated, rather solid, 
white, reticulated with red or blackish brown, net- 
work generally confused or mingled so as to ex- 
hibit two indistinct bands; spire slightly canalicu- 
lated, tessellated and variegated with brown, more 
or less acuminated, apex pointed; interior of the 
aperture stained with flesh-colour. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 688. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 488. 

Hab. Red Sea (found in clefts of rocks) ; Ruppell. 


Bruguiére particularizes three varieties of this well- 
known species, commonly distinguished as the ‘ Vice- 
Admiral :” the first is characterized as having a white 
band, the second as being without any band, and the 
third as having two brown bands; and Lamarck de- 
scribes the shell as having a white band either with or 
without a dotted line running through it. The distri- 
bution of the painted net-work is however so variable, 
that it is sufficient for me to notice that the shell exhibits 
these differences. The specimen here figured represents 
a line-dotted band as well as a strongly acuminated 
spire. 


Species 174. (Fig. aand 6, Mus. Cuming; Fig. c, Mus. 
Stainforth.) 


Conus pistans. Con. testa subelongato-turbinata, in 
medio leviter attenuata ; rubido-flavescente, cinereo 
interdum pallidé zonatd, lineis impressis, distantibus, 
subobsoletis, cingulatd ; basi nigricante-violaceo tinctd; 
spird convexo-exsertd, tuberibus albidis obtusis, in- 
terstitiis fuscis, coronatd, apice peculiariter depresso- 
truncato. 

THE DISTANTLY-LINEATED Cone. Shell somewhat 

elongately turbinated, slightly attenuated in the 

middle; reddish yellow, sometimes zoned with pale 
ash-colour, encircled with distant, somewhat obso- 
lete impressed lines; base stained with blackish 
violet ; spire convexly exserted, coronated with ob- 


tuse white knobs, the interstices between which 
are reddish or yellowish brown; apex very pecu- 
liarly flatly truncated. 
Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 634. 
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p- 459. 
Conus Mennonitarum coronatus, Chemnitz. 
Hab. New Zealand; Bruguiére. Island of Taheite, Pa- 
cific Ocean (found on coral reefs) ; Cuming. 


Variety 3. (Fig. a and 0.) 


Testa minor, ad basim subrugoso-sulcata, maculis albidis 
sparsis in medio et inferne cincta. 

Shell smaller, grooved in a somewhat wrinkled manner 
at the base, encircled round the middle and lower 
part with scattered whitish spots. 

Hab. Matnog, island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. 


No one can fail to distinguish this characteristic 
species, which differs so entirely from the rest of the 
genus, by its peculiarly coronated spire and flat truncated 
apex, the latter character being especially deserving of 
notice, as it is the same in all stages of growth. The 
variety (3, which I have taken some pains to illustrate, 
was collected by Mr. Cuming. 


Species 175. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Conus caritnatus. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, sub- 

cylindraced, superne carinatd ; fusca, transversim 

lineatd, lineis minutissime articulatis ; spird sub- 
depressd, spiraliter striata, fusco variegatd. 

Shell elongately turbinated, some- 
what cylindrical, keeled, as it were, round the upper 
part; brown, transversely lineated, lines minutely 
articulated ; spire rather depressed, spirally striated, 
variegated with brown. 

Swarnson, Zool. Illus., 1st series, pl. 112. 

Hab. Mauritius. 


THE KEELED Cone. 


I have ventured to perpetuate the Conus carinatus of 
Swainson, though I strongly suspect it to be an extreme 
variety of that exceedingly variable species, the Conus 


magus. 


Species 176. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Dennison.) 


Conus pannicuLus. Con. testd subcylindraceo-turbi- 


natd, tenuiculd, inflatd, purpureo-carneolata, rubro- 


November 1843. 


CONUS.—Puate XXXI. 


nigricante subtilissime reticulatd, trifasciatd, fasciis 
lineis longitudinalibus undatis plus minusve vivide 
pictis; spird convexo-exsertd, lineis undatis variegata ; 
aperture fauce vivide purpureo-carneolata. 

Tux raGcED Cone. Shell somewhat cylindrically tur- 
binated, rather thin, inflated, purple flesh-tinted, 
very finely reticulated with dark chocolate-brown, 
encircled with three bands, bands more or less vi- 
vidly painted with waved longitudinal lines; spire 
convexly exserted, variegated with waved lines ; 
interior of the aperture vividly stained with purple 
flesh-colour. 


Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 521. 
Conus textile, var. g, Bruguiére. 
Hab. Seas of India ; Lamarck. 


The net-work of this highly interesting species is 
nearly as fine as that of the Conus abbas, but it is of very 
different pattern. 

The two richly coloured specimens here figured, from 
the magnificent collection of J. Dennison, Esq., are very 
characteristic examples, the former presenting a much 
finer contrast of colour than can possibly be given in the 
representation. 


Conustt A 


ied 
oy 


179 © 


CONUS. 


Pratt XXXII. 


Species 177. (Fig. a, 6 and c, Mus. Cuming.) 
Variety a. Fig. c. 


Conus omaria. Con. testd cylindraceo-turbinatd, albd, 
interdum rosaced, aurantio-fusco subtilissime reticu- 
latd, maculis irregularibus, albipunctatis, sepissime 
interspersd ; spird concavo-easertd, apice obtuso, 
roseo. 

Tue peartep Cone. Shell cylindrically turbinated, 
white, sometimes rose-tinted, very finely reticulated 
with orange-brown, most frequently interspersed 
with irregular white-dotted blotches; spire con- 
cayely exserted, apex obtuse, rose-coloured. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 743. 


Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 518. 


Variety 3. Fig. a and 6. 


Testa plerumque major, obesior, in medio subattenuata ; 
reticula valde latiore. 

Shell generally larger, stouter, slightly attenuated in 
the middle; net-work much wider. 
Conus pennaceus. 


Hab. Ceylon, &c. 


I do not see how Lamarck’s Conus pennaceus can be 
separated as a distinct species from the Conus omaria, 
nor do I take his Conus rubiginosus to be anything more 
than a variety of the same. 
this shell is more than usually variable in its character, 
exhibiting the appearance of fine lace in some specimens, 
in others of coarse net-work, and the spots are no less 
inconstant, both as to size and arrangement. 


Species 178. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus miniepuncratus. Con. testd turbinatd, albida, 
maculis nigris confertis, parvis, numerosis, interdum 
cesio-nebulosis, seriatim cingulata ; spird plus mi- 
nusve depressd, spiraliter canaliculatd et striata, ma- 
culis nigerrimis grandibus vivide pictd. 

Tur tTHOUSAND-sporrED Cone. Shell turbinated, 
whitish, encircled with a number of small close-set 
black spots, sometimes clouded with greyish blue ; 
spire more or less depressed, spirally canaliculated 
and striated, vividly painted with large black spots. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 461. 


The reticulated painting of | 


| 
| 


| 


Conus literatus, var., Bruguiere. 
Hab. Islands of Annaa, Taheite, &c., Pacific Ocean 
(found on the reefs); Cuming. 


The Conus millepunctatus differs from the Conus lite- 
ratus in the absence of the pale orange-brown bands, 
and in the spots being smaller, much more numerous, 
and occasionally clouded with greyish blue, as in the 
very characteristic specimen here represented. 


Species 179. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus srrratus. Con. testd subcylindraceo-turbinata, 
superne coarctatd, per totam superficiem striata, 
striis profundis, prominentibus ; albidd, roseo pallidé 
tinctd, nigro plus minusve variegatd, strigatd, et ma- 
culata ; spird subobtuso-convead, profunde canalicu- 
latd, apice rosaceo. 

Tue srriatep Cone. Shell somewhat cylindrically 
turbinated, contracted at the top, striated over the 
entire surface, strie deep and prominent; whitish, 
stained with pale rose, more or less variegated, 
streaked, and spotted with black ; spire rather ob- 
tusely convex, deeply canaliculated, apex tinged 
with rose. 


Variety 8. (Fig. 179 6.) 
Testa fulvo-fusca variegata. 
Shell variegated with yellowish brown. 
Linnaus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3393. 


Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 506. 
Hab. Ceylon, &c. 


This species is remarkably well characterized by the 
strie, which are equally developed over its entire sur- 
face. Lamarck describes them as being interrupted 
over the white spaces, but it is only that they are less 


conspicuous from the absence of colour. 


Species 162 6. (Mus. Stainforth.) 
(Second notice.) 


Conus abpas. An additional figure, in consequence of 
the shell represented at Pl. XXVIII. Fig. 162. not 
being sufficiently characteristic of the fine net-work 
by which it is specifically distinguished. 


November 1843. 


“Wiss 
Bids a 
ype Cay 
a my ix? 
ee 


bars c* 


i 


= 


eae 
rat 


tar >.7. 


1. 
» - a ; 
‘het ‘3 = a 
eg Oe) Poly ey 


(onws, FL XX 


780 


iST7 


Le th pret lath Lan uy 


“—— 


CONUS. 


PLATE XXXIII. 


Species 180. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Con. testa subabbreviato-turbinatd, 
olivaceo-castaned, fascid albidd centrali lineisque 


Conus CLASSIARIUS. 


fuscis, interruptis, numerosis, cinctd; spird subde- 
pressd, albidd, olivaceo-fusco maculatd ; aperture 
Sauce fusco tinctd. 

Tue navat Cone. Shell rather shortly turbinated, 
olive-chestnut, encircled with a central white band, 
and a number of interrupted brown lines; spire ra- 
ther depressed, whitish, spotted with olive-brown ; 
interior of the aperture stained with brown. 

Hwass, Enc. Meéth. vers, vol. 1. part 2. p. 705. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 470. 

Hab. Bay of Montija, West Columbia; Cuming. 


The C. classiarius does not exhibit any very striking 
peculiarities ; it approximates rather closely to certain 
dwarf varieties of the Conus fumigatus, but may be di- 
stinguished from that species by the continuous inter- 
rupted or dotted lines which encircle the entire surface. 


Species 181. (Mus. Delessert.) 


Conus CALEDONICUS. 
rantid, filis-tenuissimis, rubidis, parallelis, contiguis, 


Con. testa oblongo-turbinatd, au- 


cinctd, filis inferioribus subtilissime granulosis ; spird 
subacuminatd, obsolete coronatd, apice acuto. 

Tue New Careponia Cone. Shell oblong-turbinated, 
orange, encircled with a number of very fine, con- 
tiguous, parallel, reddish thread-like lines, the lower 
of which are very finely granulated; spire some- 
what acuminated, obsoletely coronated, apex sharp. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 634, 

Lamarcg, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 459. 

Hab. Coast of New Caledonia, Pacific Ocean. 


This interesting species is quite unknown in this 
country, and I am therefore much indebted to M. De- 
lessert for allowing me to examine and obtain a drawing 
of the valuable specimen in his cabinet; it is in excellent 
preservation, and may probably be the same shell that 
Bruguiére relates to have been brought from New Ca- 
ledonia by Capt. Cook, as having passed first into the 
celebrated collection of the Duchess of Portland, and 
from thence into that of M. Hwass of Copenhagen. 


Species 182. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus viripuLus. Con. testd turbinatd, ceruleo-albidd, 
flammis olivaceo-viridibus, longitudinalibus, undatis, 
variegatd, flammis transversim lineatis, lineis interdum 
albo articulatis ; spird pland, valde coronatd, apice 
obtuso ; aperture fauce basim versus ceruleo-nigri- 
cante tinctd. 

Tue GREENISH Cone. Shell turbinated, bluish white, 
variegated with longitudinal waved olive-green 
flames, flames transversely lined, lines sometimes 
articulated with white; spire flat, strongly coro- 
nated, apex obtuse ; interior of the aperture stained 
towards the base with blue-black. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 446. 

Conus fuscatus, var., Bruguiére. 

Hab. Seas of India. 


I fee] very much inclined to think with Bruguiére, that 
the Coni viridulus and fuscatus are merely varieties of 
one and the same species. The character by which the 
former is separated by Lamarck, namely, the presence 
or absence of articulated white spots in the transverse 
lines, is very inconstant, and I venture to perpetuate the 
use of it more on account of its short peculiarity of 
form, and light sprinkled distribution of painting. 


Species 183. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus titeratus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, alba, zo- 
nis tribus pallide aurantio-luteis, maculisque nigris, 
interdum longitudinaliter confluentibus, seriatim cinc- 
ta; spird pland, exsertiusculd, leviter canaliculata. 

Tue LErTeR-MARKED Cone. Shell oblong-turbinated, 
white, encircled with three faint yellow-orange 
zones, and a number of rows of black spots, some- 
times flowing longitudinally ; spire flat, a little ex- 
serted, and slightly canaliculated. 

Lryvyaus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin’s edit.), p. 3375. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 462. 

Hab. Ceylon, &c. 


No one can fail to recognise this well-known species, 
the chief peculiarities of which are the vivid hieroglyphi- 
cal spots, and the three orange zones which encircle the 
upper, lower and middle portions of the shell. 


November 1843. 


CONUS.—Ptate XXXIII. 


Species 184. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Fuscatus. Con. testd subelongato-turbinatd, in 
medio leviter attenuatd; ceruleo-albidd, maculis gran- 
dibus olivaceo-viridibus longitudinaliter inquinatd, 
maculis interdum lineatis, interstitiis ceruleo-albidis 
pallid? articulatis ; spird pland, valde coronatd, apice 
obtuso ; aperture fauce basim versus nigricante. 

Tur DARKENED Cone. Shell elongately turbinated, 
slightly attenuated in the middle; bluish white, 
longitudinally bedaubed with large patches of olive- 
green, sometimes transversely lineated, the bluish 
white spaces being generally faintly articulated ; 
spire flat, strongly coronated, apex obtuse ; interior 
of the aperture blue-black at the base. 

Born, Ind. Mus., p. 126. 

Lamarcx, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 446. 

Hab. Seas of India. 


This species approaches very closely to the Conus im- 
perialis, though it differs constantly in size, colour, and 
general style of painting. The large bold blotches of 
dark olive-green are very characteristic. 


Species 185. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus Matpivus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, basim 
versus submucronata ; albidd, fasciis duabus latis- 
simis, fusco-rubiginosis, varie interruptis, cinctd, in- 
terstitiis fusco seriatim punctatis ; spird convexd, 
apice mucronato, elato ; basi nigricante tinctd. 

Tue Matpive Conr. Shell oblong-turbinated, some- 
what pointed towards the base; whitish, encircled 
with two very broad, variously interrupted reddish 
brown bands, the interstices between which are 


painted with rows of irregular brown dots; spire 


convex, apex raised and pointed; base stained 
with black. 
Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol.i. part 2. p. 644. 
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 465. 
Hab. Ceylon, &e. 


This species has not been retained without diffidence ; 
it possesses so many characters in common with the 
Conus generalis, that it is often extremely difficult to 
distinguish. 


Species 186. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus rosEus. Con. testd abbreviato-turbinatd, superné 
obesd, transversim sulcatd, rosed, punctis rubidis, 
perpaucis, subtilissimis, sparsis, indistincte pictd, in 
medio albifasciatd ; spird convexd, tuberculis rudibus 
obtusis valde coronatd, interstitiis rubido-fuscis ; 
basi livido-fuscd. 

Tue rost Cone. Shell shortly turbinated, stout at the 
upper part, transversely grooved, rose-coloured, in- 
distinctly painted with a few very fine scattered 
reddish brown dots, white-banded in the middle ; 
spire convex, strongly coronated with rude blunt 
tubercles, the interstices between which are reddish 
brown; base livid brown. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil.p.458; Enc. Méth., 
pl. 322. fig. 7. 

Conus lividus, var., Sowerby. 

Hab. West Indies; Lamarck. 


This excellent species approaches certain varieties of 
the Conus lividus ; it is rarely found in good condition, 
but may be easily recognised by its rose-tinted hue, and 
by the specks of reddish brown in the interstices be- 
tween the tubercles of the spire. 


COINU'S. 


PLaTE XXXIV. 


Species 187. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus Gurnaticus. Con. testd turbinatd, tenuiculd, sub- 
inflatd, levi, basim versus sulcatd ; olivaceo-cinered, 
maculis albido-ceruleis nebulosis sparsis, interdum 
subobsoletis, bifasciatim ornatd; spird convexo-ob- 
tusd, spiraliter striatd, suturis subsalebrosis ; aper- 
ture fauce purpureo-fusco vivide tinctd. 

Tue Guinea Cone. Shell turbinated, rather thin, a 
little inflated, smooth, grooved towards the base ; 
olive-ash colour, ornamented with two bands of 
scattered, clouded, sometimes obsolete, bluish white 
spots; spire convexly obtuse, spirally striated, su- 
tures somewhat rugged or uneven ; interior of the 
aperture vividly painted with purple-brown. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 697. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 493; Enc. Méth., 


pl. 337. f. 4. 
Variety (6. 

Testa ceruleo-albida, maculis rubido-fuscis sinuatis vivide 
et peculiariter nebulosa. 

Shell bluish white, vividly and peculiarly clouded with 
sinuated daik reddish brown spots. 

Enc. Méth., pl. 337. f. 6. 

Hab. Coast of New Guinea; Hwass. 

The varieties of the Conus Guinaicus, as above noted, 
the same mentioned by Lamarck, and figured in the 
‘Encyclopédie Méthodique,’ exhibit such a remarkable 
contrast, both in colour and style of marking, that it 
requires no ordinary degree of observation to mark their 
complete specific relation in other respects. 


Species 188. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus parinionaceus. Con. testd turbinatd, albidd, 
zonis tribus aurantio-fuscis, maculis teniisque arti- 


culatis ornatis, cinctd ; spird depresso-pland, auran- 
tio-fusco maculatd ; apice mucronato. 

THE BUTTERFLY-WING Cone. Shell turbinated, whitish, 
encircled with three orange-brown zones, orna- 
mented with a number of spots and articulated fillets 
of darker brown ; apex pointed. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 665. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p- 476. 

Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, Africa (found in clefts of 
rocks) ; Lieut. Shaw. 


Lamarck particularizes four distinct varieties of this 
species; the pattern is however so exceedingly variable 
in its exact detail, that it is impossible to establish a 
scale of varieties with any degree of accuracy. 


Species 189. (Fig. a, Mus. Stainforth; Fig. 6, Mus. 
Cuming; Fig. c, Mus. Dennison.) 


Conus eEpiscopus. Con. testd turbinatd, solidd, nunc 
elongatd, nunc abbreviatd, obesd ; albidd aut rosaced, 
Susco latissime reticulata, maculis perpaucis grandibus 
interrupta, maculis albipunctatis ; spird convead, apice 
obtuso. 

Tur errscopan Cong. Shell turbinated, solid, some- 
times elongated, sometimes short and stout; white 
or rose-tinted, very widely reticulated with dark 
brown, interrupted with a few large brown blotches 
dotted with white ; spire convex, apex obtuse. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 522. 

Hab, Ceylon, &c. 


Few species are more variable in form than the Conus 
episcopus, some specimens being elongated and narrow, 
whilst others are short and stoutly shouldered; the 
latter is however the more common growth, and cannot 
well be confounded with its nearest allied species, the 
Cont aulicus and magnificus. 


November 1843. 


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PLATE 


Species 190. (Fig. a, 6 and c, Mus. Stainforth; Fig. 
d and e, Mus. Cuming ) 


Variety a. (Fig. 6 and d.) 


Sonus MaGus. Con. testd cylindraceo-turbinatd, sub- 
elongatd, alba, maculis grandibus sparsis livido-oli- 
vaceis aurantio-tinctis subfasciatim ornatd, lineis 
olivaceo-fuscis, vel interruptis, vel punctatis, seu albi- 
articulatis, cinctd ; spird convexd, apice elato, rosaceo. 
Shell cylindrically turbinated, 
rather elongated, white, ornamented with large 
scattered, livid olive, orange-stained spots, and en- 
circled with interrupted, dotted, or white-articu- 
lated olive-brown lines; spire convex, apex raised, 


[ue mMaAGIcIAN Cone. 


tinged with rose. 

Linnamus, Syst. Nat., p. 1171. 
Conus magus, Bruguiére, Lamarck. 
Conus raphanus, 


Hab. Philippine Islands (found on the reefs) ; Cuming. 


Variety 3. (Fig. c.) 


Testa superne tumidiuscula, maculis grandibus nigricante- 
fuscescentibus longitudinaliter undatim confluentibus ; 
punctis perpaucis, sparsis. 

Shell somewhat swollen at the upper part, with the 
large blotches, blackish brown, flowing longitudi- 
nally in a zigzag manner ; dots few and scattered. 

Hab. Mauritius (found on the reefs) ; Captain Caldwell. 


Variety y. (Fig. a.) 


Testa ceruleo-albida, cesio per totam superficiem longitu- 
dinaliter undatim nebulosa; lineis transversis con- 
fertis, albiarticulatis. 

Shell bluish white, longitudinally clouded in a waved 
manner with grey; transverse lines close-set, arti- 
culated with white. 

Hab. New Holland; H.M.S. Beagle. 


Variety 6. (Fig. e.) 
Testa maculis subobsoletis. 
Shell with the blotches almost obsolete. 
Hab. Island of Annaa or Chain island, Pacific Ocean 
(found on the reefs) ; Cuming. 


Variety e. 


Testa maculis grandibus aurantiis, absque lineis trans- 
versis. 

Shell with the large spots orange-coloured, without any 
transverse lines. 

Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, West Africa (found in clefts 
of rocks) ; Lieut. Shaw. : 


The Conus magus, as its name somewhat indirectly 
signifies, is certainly the most variable species of the 
genus ; it varies not only in colour and marking, but im 
form, and yet the seemingly anomalous varieties here 
figured are not without an ample portion of good specific 
identity and connection. 

After carefully examining the numerous specimens of 
Conus magus with which our collections abound, I have 
thought it advisable to arrange them under five heads. 
These heads or varieties appear to be more or less 
strictly confined to as many different localities far di- 
stant from each other; and I think that when we are 
in possession of the correct habitats of such a widely 
distributed species as the Conus magus, a better plan of 
arrangement cannot well be adopted. 

The Philippine variety (var. a) is by far the most nu- 
merous, and should be regarded as the type of the 
species. 

The Mauritius variety (var. 6) is comparatively 
scarce, very characteristic in its marking, and, most of 
all, peculiar in its form. 

The New Holland variety (var. y) is uniformly smaller 
than the rest, the painting is not distributed in any de- 
gree approaching to the style of bands, and it is the only 
one of which I have seen a granulated example. 

The Pacific variety (var. 6) approaches nearly to the 
first-mentioned, and is more remarkable for its extreme 
delicacy, and deficiency of colour. 

The African variety (var. e) exhibits no other colour 
but a sombre orange-yellow, and scarcely a trace of the 
articulated transverse lines. 


Species 191. (Fig. a, Mus. Stainforth ; Fig. 6, Mus. 
Dennison.) 


Conus acuatinus. Con. testd ovato-turbinatd, solidius- 
culd ; albidd, ceruleo-tincta, maculis luteo-olivaceis 


subobliquis grandibus ornatd, lineis nigricantibus 


November 18438. 


CONUS.—Pate XXXV. 


punclato-interruptis cinctd ; spird convexo-exsertd, 
apice acuto. 

Tue acare Cone. Shell ovately turbinated, rather so- 
lid; whitish, stained with blue, ornamented with 
large oblique yellowish olive spots, and encircled 
with blackish dot-interrupted lines; spire convexly 
exserted, apex sharp. 

Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. x. pl. 142. f. 1317. 


| Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 480. 


Testa rubida, granulosa. 
Shell reddish, granulous. 
Conus ranunculus, Lamarck. 


The Conus ranunculus of Lamarck is merely a disco- 
loured granulated example of the Conus achatinus, a fine 
specimen of which, from the collection of J. Dennison, 
Esq., is represented at Fig. 0. 


Conts, FL AAR) 


192 


I9L 


74 
/ 


13 


198 


Livin 


COUNEUS: 


PLate XXXVI. 


Species 193. (Fig. 190 f.) 
For description and more elaborate illustration of this 
species, which I believe to be the Conus Adansoni of La- 


marck, though possibly an extreme variety of the Conus 
magus, see Pl. XLIII. Species 195. 


Species 192. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus Mercatri. Con. testd elongato-ovatd, per totam 
superficiem granulosd, granulis subtilibus, seriatim 
digestis ; albidd, aurantio-fusco irregulariter inqui- 
natd, balted albidd angustd in medio cingulatd ; spird 
subexsertd, aurantio-fusco maculatd, apice acuminato. 

Mercaursr’s Cone. Shell elongately oval, granulated 
over its entire surface, granules very fine, ranged 
with great regularity ; whitish, irregularly bedaubed 
with pale orange-brown, encircled with a narrow 
white belt round the middle; spire somewhat ex- 
serted, spotted with orange-brown, apex acumi- 
nated. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


I have much pleasure in naming this interesting 
species, at the desire of the Rev. Mr. Stainforth, in ho- 
nour of William Metcalfe, Esq., a gentleman whose 
zeal for collecting and identifying the more minute and 
less attractive species of shells is highly serviceable to 
science. 


Species 191. Fig. 198. 


The shell here represented is one which I recognise as 
having seen in all the leading collections of Paris labelled 
“© Conus Adansoni, Lamarck’’; it does not accord so 
well, however, in my opinion, with ‘ /e chotin’ of Adan- 
son as the shell represented opposite to it at Fig. 
190 f, for description of which I refer to Plate XLIII. 
Species 193. Both are undoubtedly connected with 
that extensive series of varieties already enumerated 
under the title of Conus magus; I propose however to 
consider this a variety of that species, and distinguish 
the Conus Adansoni from it, as did Lamarck, by the pro- 
fusion of dotted transverse lines; and by its rounded 
stout-shouldered spire. In this shell the spire is rather 
depressed, and the dotted lines are almost obsolete. 


Species 194. (Mus. Cuming. 


Conus 
versim striatd, striis exilibus, elevatiusculis ; 


ctavus. Con. testd elongato-cylindraced, trans- 

albd, 
cinnamomeo-fusco subtilissime reticulata, reticuld 
versus medium bifasciatim confertd; spird convecd, 
cinnamomeo-fusco tinctd. 

Tue watt Cone. Shell elongately cylindrical, trans- 
versely striated, strize slender and rather elevated ; 
white, very finely reticulated with light cinnamon- 
brown net-work, closed towards the middle in the 
form of two bands; spire convex, stained with cin- 
namon-brown. 

Linnzus, Syst. Nat. (Gmel. edit.), p. 3390. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 547. 

Conus teres, seu Rete aureum, Martini. 
Conus auricomus, Howass. 


Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. 


The Conus clavus is fully distinguished from any other 
species by its long cylindrical form, and very delicate 
cinnamon-coloured net-work. 


Species 195. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus venubtatus. Con. testd subabbreviato-turbinatda, 
levi, luteo-fuscescente, aut fuscd, aut nigerrimo-fuscd, 
transversim lineatd, lineis in fasciis duabus vel tribus 
sepe coalescentibus, maculis niveis subtrigonis, irregu- 
lariter acervatis, partim vel omnind aspersd ; spird 
subdepressd, fusco maculatd et variegatd. 

Tue vernep Conr. Shell rather shortly turbinated, 
smooth, yellowish brown, or brown, or very dark 
blackish brown, transversely lineated, lines often 
uniting so as to form two or three bands, and par- 
tially or entirely sprinkled with somewhat triangu- 
lar snow-white spots irregularly heaped together in 
places; spire rather depressed, spotted and varie- 
gated with brown. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 695. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 491. 

Varieties. 

Conus nivosus, Lamarck. 
Conus nivifer, Broderip. 
Hab. Cape de Verd Islands, Philippine Islands, &c. 


This species, though varying exceedingly in intensity 
of colour, is nevertheless highly characterized by its ir- 


December 1843. 


CONUS.—Puatrt XXXVI. 


regular sprinkling of snow-white flakes. The interior 
of the aperture is sometimes faintly stained with pink. 


Species 196. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus aureus. Con. testa elongato-cylindraced, trans- 
versim subtilissime sulcata ; alba, strigis fulvo-cinna- 
momeis latissimis, fusco virgatis, longitudinaliter in- 
quinatd, interstitiis fusco eviliter reticulatis ; spird 
convexo-exserta. 

Tue Gotpen Cone. Shell elongately cylindrical, trans- 
versely very finely grooved; white, longitudinally 
bedaubed with very broad streaks of cinnamon-yel- 
low striped with brown, the interstices between the 
broad streaks being finely reticulated with brown ; 
spire convexly exserted. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 742. 

Conus auricomus, Lamarck. 
Hab. Island of Amboyna, Philippines ; Cuming. 


I find, upon looking to the origin of this beautiful 
species, commonly known to collectors as the Conus 
auricomus, that it was first described by M. Hwass under 
the title of Conus aureus; it is therefore expedient that 
that name should be restored to it. The familiar appel- 
lation of auricomus must now be expunged from the no- 
menclature, for the Conus auricomus, Hwass, is the Conus 
clavus, Linnzeus, and the Conus auricomus, Lamarck, is the 
Conus aureus, Hwass. 


Species 197. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 6, Mus. 


Stainforth.) 


Conus Senator. Con. testé turbinatd, levi, basim ver- 
sus granulosa ; rubido-flavescente, interdum pallide 
Fferrugined, balted albidd angustd, centrali, filisque 
fuscis numerosis sepissime cingulatd ; spird convexo- 
obtusd, fusco vivide maculata. 

Tae Senator Cone. Shell turbinated, smooth, granu- 
lated towards the base; reddish yellow, sometimes 
pale rusty brown, generally encircled with a nar- 
row central white belt, and a number of brown 
thread-hke lines; spire convexly obtuse, vividly 
spotted with brown. 


Linnazus, Syst. Nat., p. 1168. 

Martrnt, Conch. Cab., vol. ii. pl. 59. f. 659. 
Conus planorbis, Born. 
Conus polyzonias, Gmelin. 
Conus ferrugineus, (var.) Bruguiére. 
Conus vulpinus, Bruguiére ; Lamarck. 


Variety 6. (Fig. 197 6.) 


Testa omnind granulata. 
Shell entirely granulated. 
Hab. Coast of Guinea; Lamarck. 


The ground-colour of this shell varies so exceedingly 
from reddish yellow to pale rusty brown, that I have not 
thought it necessary to distinguish even as special va- 
rieties the shells described by Bruguiére as distinct spe- 
cies. Thus do the arbitrary limits of classification be- 
come gradually broken up by the discovery of interme- 
diate modifications. 


Species 198. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus mruiaris. Con. testd abbreviato-turbinatd, obesa ; 
basim versus granulatd ; carned, maculis niveis, oblique 
undulatis, bifasciatim ornatd, lineis subtilibus rufes- 
cente-fuscis punctato-interruptis profuse cinctd ; spird 
subdepressd, spiraliter striata, valde coronata, tuber- 
culis albidis, interstitiis rufescente-fuscis ; apice ro- 
saceo. 

Tue mituet Cone. Shell shortly turbinated, stout, 
granulated towards the base; flesh-colour, orna- 
mented with two bands of obliquely waved snow- 
white flakes, and encircled with a number of very 
fine dot-interrupted reddish brown lines; spire 
somewhat depressed, spirally striated, strongly co- 
ronated, tubercles whitish, interstices reddish brown; 
apex rose-tinted. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 629. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 456. 

Hab. China; Lamarck. Island of Annaa, Pacific Ocean 
(found on the reefs) ; Cuming. 


This is perhaps the nearest allied species to C. mini- 
mus, but perfectly distinct. 


Se 
Conus FL XXXV 


2056 


Pp wl. Ath Lament 


dowerby, del et: lath 


CONUS. 


Pirate XXXVII. 


Species 199. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


lonus Ceyianensis. Con. testd obeso-turbinatd, levi, 
basim versus granulosa, albidd, fascia olivaced lata, 
cesio-albido longitudinaliter flammulatd, cinctd; spird 
subdepressd, subtiliter coronatd, apice obtuso ; basi et 
aperture fauce violaced. 

‘aE Ceyton Cone. Shell stoutly turbinated, smooth, 
finely granulated towards the base, whitish, encir- 
cled with a broad olive band, longitudinally flamed 
with bluish white; spire rather depressed, coro- 
nated, apex obtuse; base and within the aperture 
dark violet. 

Iwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 636. 

sAMARCK, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 462. 

fab. Ceylon, Philippine Islands (found on coral reefs, 
under stones at low water) ; Cuming. 


I am not aware of any species that can be confounded 
vith the Conus Ceylanensis ; it is not common. 


Species 200. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


JONUS ACUTANGULUS. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, sub- 
Susiformi, transversim sulcatd, sulcis punctato-pertu- 
sis ; albidd, aurantio-fusco plus minusve variegatd et 
maculatd ; spird elevato-exsertd, margine peracute 
liratd, apice mucronato. 

[HE SHARP-ANGLED Cone. Shell oblong-turbinated, 
somewhat fusiform, transversely grooved, grooves 
pricked with dots ; whitish, more or less variegated 
and spotted with orange-brown ; spire elevated, ex- 
serted, sharply ridged round the edge, apex pointed. 

jHEMNITZ, Conch. Cab., vol. xi. pl. 182. f. 1772 and 
1773. 

sAMARCK, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 498. 

Tab. Misamis, Island of Mindanao, Philippines (found 
at the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. 


This little fusiform shell may be recognised by the 
eculiar manner in which the grooves which cover its 
entire surface are pricked. 


Species 201. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


= ; ; F : 
JONUS VERRUCOSUS. Con. testd subfusiformi-turbinatd, 
seriatim granulatd, granulis magnis, prominentibus ; 


albida, fulvo vel rubido-fusco variegatd, granulis al- 


bidis; spird elevato-exsertd, margine acutangulo, 
granulato. 

Tur warty Coner. Shell somewhat fusiformly tur- 
binated, granulated, granules large and prominent ; 
whitish, variegated with yellow or reddish brown, 
granules white; spire elevated, exserted, sharp- 
angled and granulated round the edge. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 708. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 498. 

Conus granulatus, Martini. 
Hab. Coast of Senegal and Mozambique; Lamarck. 


The granules of this Cone exhibit a degree of specific 
importance which is not apparent in the ordinary gra- 
nulated varieties of smooth Cones; they are larger and 
more fully developed. 


Species 202. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Deshayes, Paris.) 


Con. testa ovato-turbinatd, tenui, 
subinflatd, transversim striata ; albidd, cesio longi- 
tudinaliter inquinatd, maculis grandibus, subsolitariis, 
aurantiis, fusco undulato-virgatis, trifasciatim or- 
natd, interstitiis aurantio-fusco subtilissime reticu- 


Conus VIcToRI2z. 


latis ; spird elevato-exsertd, apice acutissimo ; aper- 
turd latiusculd, fauce pallidé cesid. 

Queen Vicroria’s Cone. Shell ovately turbinated, 
thin, rather inflated, transversely striated ; whitish, 
longitudinally streaked or bedaubed with greyish 
blue, and ornamented with three rows of large so- 
litary orange spots striped in a waved manner with 
brown, the interstices being very finely reticulated 
with orange-brown ; spire elevated, exserted, apex 
very sharp; aperture rather wide, interior of the 
aperture pale bluish grey. 


Variety /. 


Testa maculis aurantiis majoribus, trifasciatim coalescen- 
tibus ; strigis fuscis longitudinalibus prominenti- 
oribus. 

Shell with the orange spots larger, and united together 
in bands ; the brown longitudinal streaks more pro- 
minent. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Mouth of the Victoria River, New Holland , 
H.M.S. Beagle. 


This highly interesting species must be seen to be 
appreciated, it being quite impossible to do justice either 


December 1843. 


CONUS.—Prate XXXVII. 


by drawing or description to its elaborate configuration. 
It is perhaps next allied to the Conus canonicus, but is of 
much lighter and more inflated growth ; the three rows of 
brown-striped orange blotches are peculiar to it; the net- 
work is finer, and of a much more delicate and tremulous 
character, and the interior of the aperture, instead of being 
pink, is of the same greyish blue colour which charac- 
terizes the outer surface. 

I take the liberty of attaching Her Majesty’s name to 
this beautiful shell, from the circumstance of its having 
been lately discovered in a locality dedicated in like 
manner to the same fair patroness of the sciences. 

The two specimens here figured, recently in my pos- 
session, were collected during the late surveying ex- 
pedition of H.M.S. Beagle. Mr. Cuming and the Rev. 
Mr. Stainforth each possess several examples. 


Species 203. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus scatrtus. Con. testa turbinatd, solidiusculd, po- 
litd, basim versus sulcata ; albidd, filis rubidis nu- 
merosis, rariter interruptis, cinctd; spird elevatd, 
spiraliter striatd, rubro variegatd, apice acuto. 

THE scRATCHED Cone. Shell turbinated, rather solid, 
polished, grooved towards the base; whitish, en- 
circled with a number of rarely interrupted reddish 
thread-like lines; spire elevated, spirally striated, 
variegated with red, apex sharp. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


This is a new and very distinct species ; the transverse 
lines exhibit the appearance of scratches and are very 
characteristic. M. Chenu of Paris proposed describing 
this shell under the title of C. radiatus, but that name 
has been applied to another species by Gmelin, though 
not acknowledged. 


Species 204. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus mucronatus. Con. testd acuminato-turbinata, 
basim versus attenuatd, transversim sulcatd, sulcis 
striis longitudinalibus cancellatis ; albidd, fusco pal- 
lide tinctad et variegatd ; spird elato-exsertd, fusco 
pallide maculata, apice mucronato, acuto. 

Tue pornteD Cone. Shell acuminately turbinated, at- 
tenuated towards the base, transversely grooved, 
grooves cancellated with longitudinal striz ; whitish, 
stained and variegated with pale brown; spire 
raised, exserted, spotted with pale brown, apex 
sharp-pointed. 


Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 
Hab. Islands of Burias, Siquijor, Penay, &c., Philippines ; 


Cuming. 


Several examples of this species have been collected 
by Mr. Cuming, varying remarkably in their general 
appearance ; most of them are obsoletely coronated, and 
all have the grooves more or less strongly developed, 
with the apex remarkably sharp-pointed. Cont sulcatus 
and orbitatus are the nearest allied species. 


Species 205. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 6, Mus. 
Metcalfe.) 


Conus cunrotus. Con. testd abbreviato-turbinatd, su- 
perne obesd, subinfiatd ; fuscd, maculis albidis paucis 
parvis, irregularibus, subtrigonis, fasciatim aspersd, 
Sascia albidd, fusco pallide strigata, interdum subob- 
soletd, infra medium ornatd ; spird convexo-obtusd. 

Tue LirrLE wepce Cone. Shell shortly turbinated, 
stout at the upper part, rather inflated; brown, 
sprinkled in a band-like manner with a few small 
irregular triangular white spots, and ornamented 
with a white band just below the middle, palely 
streaked with brown, which is sometimes nearly 
obsolete ; spire convexly obtuse. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


This apparently variable species approximates in some 
degree to the Conus mercator. 


Species 206. (Mus. Belcher.) 
Con. 


valde acutanguld, levi, basim versus sulcatd ; alba, 


Conus VOLUMINALIS. testd turbinatd, superne 
maculis fuscis perpaucis grandibus, hieroglyphicis, 
biseriatim cinctd ; spird peculiariter concavo-depres- 
sd, fusco tessellatd, striis duabus spiraliter incisa, 
apice elato, acutissim® mucronato. 

THe ro~teR Cone. Shell turbinated, very sharply 
angled at the upper part, smooth, grooved towards 
the base ; white, encircled with two rows of large 
hieroglyphical brown spots; spire peculiarly con- 
cavely depressed, tessellated with brown, and spirally 
engraved with two striz, apex very sharply pointed. 

Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1844. 

Hab. Straits of Malacca; Hinds. 


This exceedingly delicate shell has a remarkably de- 
pressed spire, although it is raised in the centre to a point 
as sharp as a needle. 


a 


_ 


Contws PL XAXXVA 


el et lth 


rer Oe 


CONUS. 


Prats XXXVIII. 


Species 207. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus FLAvIpus. Con. testd turbinatd, solidiusculd, su- 
perne subrotundatd, transversim striatd, striis eleva- 
tiusculis, subdistantibus, inferioribus plus minusve 
granosis ; flavido-rubente, balted pallidé angustd sub- 
indistinctd in medio cinctd ; spird obtuso-convexd, im- 
maculata, spiraliter striatd, apice rosaceo ; aperture 
Sauce superne et inferne purpureo-violaceo tinctd. 

THE YELLOW-TINGED Cone. Shell turbinated, rather 
solid, somewhat rounded at the upper part, trans- 
versely striated, strie rather elevated, lower striz 
more or less granulous ; warm yellowish red, encir- 
cled round the middle witha pale indistinct narrow 
belt; spire obtusely convex, unspotted, spirally 
striated, apex rose-tinted ; interior of the aperture 
stained at the upper and lower parts with deep 
purple-violet. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 468. 

Hab. Taheite, Society Islands (found on coral reefs) ; 
Cuming. 


Lamarck very justly observes that the Conus flavidus 
differs from the Conus vulpinus in the spire not being 
spotted ; it is however with the Conus lividus that a com- 
parison should be instituted: the former is a shell of 
lighter composition, and altogether of essential specific 
difference; the latter differs only in colour and in being 
coronated, differences which are not essentially specific. 


Species 208. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus verricutum. Con. testa cylindraceo-turbinata, 
ventricosd, subrotundatd, levi, basim versus striata ; 
albidd, maculis aurantiis irregularibus bifasciatim 
cinctd, aurantio-fusco aliter latissime reticulata; ma- 
culis lineis undulatis nune transversim, nunc longitu- 
dinaliter strigatis ; spird concavo-acuminatd. 

Tue praG-ner Cone. Shell cylindrically turbinated, 
ventricose, somewhat rounded, smooth, striated to- 
wards the base; whitish, encircled with two rows of 
irregular orange spots, and very widely reticulated 
elsewhere with orange-brown; spots streaked with 
waved brown lines, sometimes transversely (as in 
Fig. a), sometimes longitudinally (as in Fig. 6) ; 
spire concavely acuminated. 

Conus textile, var. 1, Lamarck. 


Hab. Ceylon, &c. 


Many persons will no doubt cavil at my attaching a 
new specific name to this long-established variety of the 
Conus textile, but how can Lamarck’s Conus vicarius stand, 
unless this shell be elevated to the same rank? Its inflated 
growth and the wide open character of the net-work are 
somewhat constant, and it may as well be noticed that 
the Conus verriculum has long been erroneously set apart 
by collectors for the Conus archiepiscopus (Plate XLI. 
Species 223.), a very different shell, and one of much 
greater rarity. Either the Conus verriculum must be 
adopted; or the Conus vicarius must be rejected, and 
both considered as varieties of the Conus tevtile. 

There can, however, be no law for the adjudication of 
species, whilst a species remains to be defined. If the 
Coni vicarius and verriculum be discarded, so must the 
Conus flavidus just spoken of, and hundreds of species 
may be banished in like manner from the nomenclature, 
as the links in the grand chain of affinity between the 
Aspergillum and the Argonaut become gradually re- 
vealed to observation. 


Species 209. (Mus. Rucker.) 


Conus TExTILE. Con. testa cylindraceo-ovatd, levi, ba- 
sim versus striata ; albd, maculis grandibus aurantiis, 
irregularibus bifasciatim cincta, aurantio-fusco aliter 
trigono-reticulatd ; maculis lineis fuscis undulatis lon- 
gitudinaliter strigatis ; spird concavo-acuminatd. 

Tue cLoru-or-GoLtp Cone. Shell cylindrically ovate, 
smooth, striated towards the base; white, encircled 
with two rows of large irregular orange blotches, 
and triangularly reticulated elsewhere with orange- 
brown; spots streaked longitudinally with waved 
brown lines; spire concavely acuminated. 

Liyyaus (Gmel. edit.), p. 33938. 

Lamarcx, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 523. 

Hab. Ceylon, Society Islands, &c. 


Lamarck enumerates eleven varieties of this speciies 
but they are all so exceedingly variable, and of such in- 
timate connection, that it is quite unnecessary to follow 
them in detail. 


December 1843. 


CONUS.—P.iate XXXVIII. 


Species 210. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 6, Mus. 
Stainforth.) 


Conus vicarius. Con. testd oblongo-ovatd, in medio at- 
tenuatd, levi, basim versus striata; albd, maculis 
grandibus aurantiis vel citrinis irregularibus bifascia- 
tim cinctd, aurantio fusco, nunc latissime, nune sub- 
tiliis, aliter reticulatd; maculis lineis fuscis undulatis 
reticulatis ; spird concavo-acuminatd. 

Shell oblong-ovate, attenuated 
in the middle, smooth, striated towards the base ; 
white, encircled with two rows of large orange or 
citron blotches, and reticulated elsewhere, either 
widely, or more finely, with orange-brown ; spots 
crossed with transverse and longitudinal brown 
waved lines ; spire concavely acuminated. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 482. 

Hab. Island of Mauritius. 


THE LIEUTENANT CONE. 


Having already spoken of this species in treating of 
the Conus verriculum, it will only be necessary to observe 
that it differs from the Conus tectile in being of a more 
oblong angular shape, resembling, says Lamarck, the 
form of the Conus ammiralis, and the orange blotches 


may be said to differ in being crossed both transversely 
and longitudinally with brown lines. 


Species 211. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus tivipus. Con. testd turbinatd, solidiusculd, trans 
versim striatd, striis inferioribus sepe granulosis 
livido-viridescente, balted pallida subindistinctd % 
medio cinctd ; spird coronatd, tuberculis grandibus 
albidis, apice pallidé rosaceo ; aperture fauce supern 
et inferne violaceo-purpureo tinctd. 

THE Livip Cone. Shell turbinated, rather solid, trans 
versely striated, lower strize often granulous ; livi 
green, encircled round the middle with a pale in 
distinct narrow belt; spire coronated, tubercle 
large and whitish, apex palely tinged with rose 
interior of the aperture deeply stained at the uppe 
and lower parts with purple-violet. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 680. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 457. 

Hab. Society and Philippine Islands; Cuming. 

There are varieties of this species which exhibit th 


same warm yellowish red tinge as the Conus flavidus 
differing only in being coronated. 


Conwts, FL. Ti 


246 


Reeve, in 


Frederic 


CONUS: 


Pruate XXXIX. 


Species 212. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Porto-Ricanus. Con. testé subpyriformi, trans- 
versim granulatd, granulis compressis, subdistantibus ; 
albd, incarnato-fusco bifasciatim flexuoso-maculata ; 
spird elato-convexd, apice obtuso. 

Tue Porto Rico Cong. 
transversely granulated, granules compressed, ra- 
ther distant; white, encircled with two rows of 
fleshy brown flexuous spots or blotches ; spire ele- 
vately concave, apex obtuse. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 714. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 502. 

Hab. Island of Porto Rico, West Indies; Bruguicre. 


Shell somewhat pyriform, 


I have no very good opinion of this species so nearly 
allied to the Conus testudinarius ; it is certainly some- 
what peculiarly granulated, and is of a more pyriform 
shape, but these differences are rather unimportant, 
when compared with the fact that both are from the 
same locality. 


Species 213. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Delessert, Paris.) 


Conus Dezessertianus. Con. testa obeso-fusiformi, ad 
basim sulcatd, sulcis prominentibus ; albido-lutescente, 
fasciis tribus rubido-aurantiis cincta, maculis rubidis 
rhomboidibus minutis per totum aspersd, maculis 
super fuscias majoribus, interdum longitudinaliter 
confluentibus ; spird valde elatd, subcanaliculatd, ma- 
culis rubidis vivide aspersd, apice mucronato, acuto ; 
labro tenuiculo, arcuato, juxta spiram emarginato. 

Dezessert’s Cone. Shell stoutly fusiform, grooved at 
the base, grooves prominent; pale yellow, encir- 
cled with three reddish orange bands, sprinkled 
over the entire surface with very small reddish 
thombaid spots, the spots over the bands larger, 
and flowing together; spire considerably raised, 
slightly canaliculated, and vividly sprinkled with 
reddish spots, apex sharp-pointed ; lip rather thin, 
curved, and emarginated next the spire. 

Recruz, Mag. de Zool., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


This beautiful and very striking shell, which I remem- 
ber to have seen two or three years since in the col- 
lection of the late M. Tessier of Paris, is remarkable 
both on account of its symmetry of form and its peculiar 


though simple style of colouring; and I know of no 
other species with which any comparison can well be 
instituted. 

There is another specimen in the collection of the 
Rey. Mr. Stainforth. 


Species 214. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus tEstupinarius. Con. testd turbinatd, superne 
tumidiusculd, levi, basim versus striatd ; albidd, ce- 
ruleo plus minusve tinctd, maculis nigerrimo-fuscis, 
supra et infra undatim et irregulariter confluentibus, 
bifasciatim cinctd ; spird subrotundatd, convexd, spi- 
raliter striatd, apice subacuto. 

Shell turbinated, rather 
swollen round the upper part, smooth, striated to- 
wards the base ; whitish, more or less stained with 
blue, encircled with two bands of dark brown spots 
flowing above and below in a waved and irregular 
manner; spire somewhat rounded, convex, spirally 
striated, apex rather sharp. 

Martini, Conch. Cab., vol. ii. p. 250. pl. 55. fig. 605. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 490. 

Hab. West Indies. 


The Conus testudinarius may be recognised by the pe- 


THE TORTOISE-SHELL CoNnE. 


culiarly waved character of the dark marking upon a 
blue-tinged ground. 
* Conchological Illustrations,’ f. 16, is a worn overgrown 


Mr. Sowerby’s Conus aspersus, 


example of this species. 


Species 215. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus FULMEN. 
sim versus leviter sulcatd ; pallidé roseo-purpurea, 
in medio albibalteatd, strigis latis, purpureo-fuscis, 
perpaucis, undatis, prominentibus, longitudinaliter in- 


Con. testd subelongato-ovatd, levi, ba- 


quinatd ; spird obtuso-convexd, purpureo-fusco varie- 
gat, apice roseo. 

Shell somewhat elongately 
ovate, smooth, slightly grooved towards the base ; 
pale rose-purple, white round the middle, longitu- 
dinally bedaubed with two or three very prominent, 
broad, waved purple-brown streaks ; spire obtusely 


Tue THUNDERBOLT Cone. 


convex, variegated with purple-brown, apex rose- 
tinted. 
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 


December 1843. 


CONUS.—Prate XXXIX. 


Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines (found on the reefs) ; 
Cuming. 

The specimens found by Mr. Cuming at the above- 
mentioned island are of much smaller size than that 
here represented ; they are however highly characteristic, 
and assist materially to establish the species. 


Species 216. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus Franciscanus. Con. testd turbinatd, levi, casta- 
neo-fuscd, fasctis albidis duabus cinctd, superiore an- 
gusta, per spire basim decurrente ; spird obtuso-con- 


vead, castaneo-fusca. 


Conr. Shell turbinated, smooth, 
chestnut-brown, encircled with two white bands, 
the upper of which is rather narrow, running 
around the base of the spire ; spire obtusely convex, 
chestnut-brown. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 698. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 493. 

Hab. Mediterranean ; Lamarck. 


Tur FRANCISCAN 


This shell is very rarely to be found in good condition ; 
a small specimen in the collection of the Rev. Mr. Stain- 
forth is the only one I remember to have seen. 


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Conus PL 


2186 


pred Lith Ling 


CONUS: 


PLATE XL. 


Species 217. (Fig. a, Mus. Hinds; Fig. 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Martinianus. Con. testa cylindraceo-turbinata, 
fuscd, vel luteolo-fuscd, ad basim, et per spire mar- 
ginem, albidd ; levi, infra medium sulcatd, sulcis la- 
tiusculis, subdistantibus, striis prominentibus cancel- 
latis ; spird convexd, spiraliter sulcatd, sulcis nume- 
rosis, angustis, apice elato, acuto. 

Marrini’s Cone. Shell cylindrically turbinated, brown 
or yellowish brown, whitish at the base, and around 
the edge of the spire; grooved below the middle 
downwards, grooves rather wide, somewhat distant, 
cancellated with prominent striz; spire convex, 
spirally grooved, grooves numerous, narrow, apex 
raised and acute. 

Conus teres levis, Martini, Conch. Cab., vol. ii. 
p. 233. pl. 53. f. 584. 
Conus lacteus, var. ? Lamarck. 

Hab. Putao, province of Albay, island of Luzon, Philip- 

pines (found under stones at low water) ; Cuming. 


This species has been either injudiciously confounded 
by Lamarck with the Conus lacteus, or it has been alto- 
gether neglected. Martini has given a very accurate 
figure of it, but his irregular style of nomenclature pre- 
cludes the possibility of our following the title by which 
he distinguished it. The Conus spectrum is described by 
that author under the name of Conus teres, and this im- 
mediately follows under that of Conus teres levis ; the 
former is however a shell of a more inflated growth, and 
distinguished moreover by markings of which the Conus 
Martinianus is entirely destitute. Most specimens ex- 
hibit a longitudinal white streak here and there, running 
parallel with the lines of growth, as in the shell repre- 
sented at fig. 217 d. 


Species 69. (Mus. Cuming.) 
(Second notice.) 


Convs FURVUS. 

Since I had the pleasure of describing this species at 
Plate XIII., a much finer and more characteristic ex- 
ample has presented itself, confirming the impression I 
at that time formed of its being new to science. 


Species 218. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus rEGALITATIS. Con. testd subpyriformi-turbinatd, 


leviter ventricosd, levi, basim versus lirata, liris 
angustis, subdistantibus ; nigricante-fuscd, ceruleo 
tinctd, maculis punctisque albido-cerulescentibus va- 
rid; spird convexd, leviter canaliculatd, lineis eleva- 
tiusculis spiraliter notatd, nigricante-fuscd, versus 
apicem rubido variegatd, apice elato, acuto. 

Shell somewhat pyriformly tur- 
binated, slightly ventricose, smooth, ridged towards 
the base, ridges narrow, rather distant; blue- 
tinged blackish brown, variegated with spots and 
dots of pale blue ; spire convex, slightly canalicu- 
lated, spirally marked with rather elevated lines, 
blackish brown, variegated with red towards the 
apex, apex raised, acute. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1834; Conch. Illus. f. 87. 

Hab. Real Llejos, Central America (found on sandy mud 
in the clefts of rocks) ; Cuming. 


Tue Royatty Cone. 


The Conus regalitatis approximates in some measure to 
the Conus purpurascens; it does not however exhibit 
much variety of light purple colouring, nor that peculiar 
sharp-angled growth round the upper part, which gives 
a squareness to the aperture in that species. The spire 
is singularly characterized by the absence of any purple 
colouring beyond the first or second outer whorl. 


Species 219. (Fig. a, Mus. Stainforth ; Fig. 6, Mus. 
Cuming.) 

Conus Proreus. Con. testdé turbinatd, solidd, albd, 
guttis maculisque fuscis vel rubido-fuscis, nunc sepa- 
ratis, nunc confusis, seriatim pictd ; spird depressius- 
culd, subcanaliculatd, fusco maculata, apice acumi- 
nato. 

Tue Proreus Cone. Shell turbinated, solid, white, 
painted with rows of brown or reddish brown spots 
and blotches, sometimes separated, sometimes con- 
founded together; spire rather depressed, slightly 
canaliculated, spotted with brown, apex acuminated. 

Hwass, Enc. Meéth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 682. 

Lamarcs, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 486. 

Variety ? 

Conus pseudo-Thome, Chemnitz. 

Hab. Island of St. Thomas; West Indies. 


The spots and blotches of this shell vary considerably 
in their shape and arrangement; in some specimens they 


January 1844. 


CONUS .—Prate XL. 


assume the appearance of broad interrupted transverse 
lines, in others that of longitudinal or waved lines, 
and these again are often heaped together in large 
irregular patches. The Conus leoninus is the nearest 
allied species to the Conus Proteus, and is said to differ 


in the spots being always smaller and more numerous ; 
for my own part I now regard them merely as varieties 
of the same, and much regret having separated them in 
this monograph. 


{rp 


om 


he Oo ae ane 


he Lith 


CONUS. 


Piate XLI. 


Species 220. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Jonus crvEREUS. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, subcylin- 
draced, columelld subattenuatd ; levi, sulcis distan- 
tibus angustis basim versus cinctd ; cinereo-cerules- 
cente, subfasciatd, maculis punctisque fuscis, albo in- 
terdum articulatis, seriatim digestis, ornata ; spird 
convert, fusco-maculatd, apice mucronato, elato. 

[Tue AsH-coLourED Cone. Shell oblong-turbinated, 
somewhat cylindrical, columella a little attenuated ; 
smooth, encircled towards the base with narrow 
distant grooves ; ashy blue, faintly banded, orna- 
mented with brown spots and dots, sometimes ar- 
ticulated with white, set in rows; spire convex, 
spotted with brown, apex raised, pointed. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 673. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 480. 

Voluta cinerea, Rumphius. 
Conus rusticus, Linneus. 
Conus cerulescens, Lamarck. 
Conus lividus, Chemnitz. 

Hab. Bay of Manila (found on mud-banks at low water) ; 
Cuming. 


Variety /3. 


Testa fulva, maculis punctisque spadiceis ; vel omnind 
fulvo-spadicea maculis punctisque nullis. 

Shell yellowish, with the spots and dots chestnut-brown ; 
or altogether yellowish chestnut without any spots 
or dots. 

Monachus Franciscanus, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., 
vol, ii. pl. 142. f. 1319 and 1320. 
Conus modestus, Sowerby, Conch. Illus. f. 19. 

Hab. Mariveles, province of Bataan, island of Luzon, 
Philippines (found in sandy mud at the depth of 
seven fathoms) ; Cuming. 


The Conus cinereus approximates in some measure to 
the Conus stramineus; it exhibits however a different 
style of painting, and the columella is more peculiarly 
attenuated towards the base. 


Species 221. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus rvcarnatus. Con. testd turbinatd, viv pyriformi, 
basim versus subtilissime liratd, liris numerosis, Ccon- 
fertis ; alba, fasciis duabus latissimis, pallide incar- 


natis, cincté ; spird conveviusculd, spiraliter incisd, 
maculis incarnatis arcuatis pallide variegatd, apice 
mucronato, elato. 

Tar riesn-panpep Conr. Shell turbinated, slightly 
pyriform, very finely ridged towards the base, ridges 
numerous and close-set; white, encircled with two 
very broad pale flesh-coloured bands ; spire slightly 
convex, spirally engraved, palely variegated with 
curved flesh-coloured spots, apex raised, pointed. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Malacca (found on mud-banks) ; Cuming. 


Although the specimen above described is in the best 
state of preservation, I should have judged it, from its 
simple style of colouring, to be a shell of immature 
growth, were it not that Mr. Cuming collected several 
specimens of them at Malacca or the mud-banks, all 
exhibiting the same uniformity of external character. 


Species 222. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus Amapts. Con. testé turbinatd, subinflatd, levi, 
basim versus sulcatd, sulcis peculiariter pertusis ; 
aurantio- vel rubido-fuscd, maculis niveis trigono- 
cordatis, inequalibus, confertis, lineisque transversis 
raris, albo articulatis, ornatd ; spird levi, canalicu- 
latd, fusca, maculis albis grandibus notata, apice 
acuminato, elato. 

Tur Amapis Cone. Shell turbinated, somewhat in- 
flated, smooth, grooved towards the base, grooves 
peculiarly pricked ; orange or reddish brown, or- 
namented with unequal, close-set, white, trian- 
gularly heart-shaped spots, and a very few white 
articulated transverse lines ; spire smooth, canali- 
culated, brown, marked with large white spots, 
apex raised and acuminated. 

Martint, Conch. Cab., vol. i. p. 290. pl. 58. f. 642 and 
643. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 489. 

L’ Amadis, Argenville. 

Hab. Ceylon (in great abundance). 

The white spots, which are of very irregular character, 
are generally arranged so as to leave two narrow zones 
of the dark ground-colour, the upper of which is usually 
the broader. 


January 1844. 


CONUS.—Putarte XLI. 


Species 223. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Con. testa ovato-turbinatd, ven- 
tricosd, levi; albd, c@ruleo et violaceo tinctd, ma- 
culis aurantiis subsparsis trifasciatim cinctd, lineis- 
que aurantio-fuscis ubique subtilissime undato-reti- 
culatad ; spird obtuso-elatd. 


ConuUS ARCHIEPISCOPUS. 


Tue arcesisHop Cone. Shell ovately turbinated, ven- 
tricose, smooth; white, stained with light blue or 
violet, encircled with three bands of rather sprinkled 
orange spots, and everywhere very finely reticulated 
in a waved manner with orange-brown lines ; spire 
obtusely raised. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 747. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 521. 

Hab. ? 


This very rare species is chiefly distinguished by the 
light waved character of the net-work, which is also re- 
markably fine and close, and variously stained with pale 
blue or violet. 


Species 58. (Fig. 6, Mus. Stainforth.) 
(Second notice.) 


Conus VARIUS. 


Variety 6. 

Testa albicante-roseo tincta, superne obesior ; maculis 
grandibus fuscis perpaucis, distantibus, interdum ob- 
soletis. 

Shell tinged with pale rose-colour, stouter at the upper 
part; large brown spots very few, distant, some- 
times obsolete. 

Conus pulchellus, Sowerby (not of Swainson), Pro. 
Zool. Soc., 1834; Conch. Ilus., f. 61. 
Conus interruptus, Wood. Ind. Test. Supp. 

Hab. Gallapagos Islands (found in the clefts of rocks at 

low water) ; Cuming. 


This shell is unquestionably a variety of the Conus 
varius described at Plate XIII. 


(rnd#s. LL XU 


CON Us: 


Pruate XLII. 


Species 224. (Mus. Belcher.) 


onus Cauirornicus. Con. testa abbreviato-turbinatd, 
solidd, basim versus striatd, striis elevatis ; parte su- 
pernd albidd, maculis perpaucis, fuscescentibus, obli- 
quis, ornatd, infra pallide fuscescente, filis tenuis- 
simis confertis cinctd ; spird obtuso-convexd. 

Hz CALIFORNIAN Cone. Shell shortly turbinated, 
solid, striated towards the base, striz raised ; up- 
per part whitish, ornamented with a very few light 
brown spots, pale brown beneath, encircled with a 
number of very fine, close-set, thread-like lines ; 
spire obtusely convex. 

NDS, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1844. 

ab. California. 


This species is one of very simple character, quite di- 
net from any hitherto described. 


Species 225. (Fig. a, 6 and c, Mus. Stainforth.) 


NUS STRAMINEUS. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, sub- 
cylindraced, basim versus sulcatd, sulcis subdistantibus, 
subtilissime striato-cancellatis ; albidd, maculis quad- 
rangularibus aurantio-fuscis, bifasciatim confusis, 
cinctd ; spird concavo-elatd, spiraliter sulcatd, apice 
mucronato. 

(E STRAW-COLOURED Conk. Shell oblong-turbinated, 
somewhat cylindrical, grooved towards the base, 
grooves rather distant, very finely cancellated with 
strie; whitish, encircled with rows of square 
orange-brown spots, confused together so as to form 
two bands; spire concavely raised, spirally grooved, 
apex pointed. 

MARCK, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 481. 

Conus alveolus, Sowerby, Conch. Ilus., f. 11. 


Variety 6. (Fig. a.) 


sta maculis longitudinaliter confluentibus. 

ell with the spots longitudinally flowing together. 
Conus cinereus, var. Sowerby, Conch. Ilus., f. 43. 

1). Mollucca and Philippine Islands. 


This is a shell of more solid growth than the Conus 
ereus, but may be best distinguished by its different 
le of painting. 


Species 226. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus peticus. Con. testé turbinatd, solidiusculd, levi, 
basim versus granulosd; albd, punctis maculisque 
grandibus, beticis, vivide pictd; spird subobtuso- 
convexd, obsolete coronatd, spiraliter sulcatd, sulcis 
striato-cancellatis. 

THE DARK BRowN Cone. Shell turbinated, rather so- 
lid, smooth, granulated towards the base; white, 
vividly painted with dark brown dots, and large 
blotches of the same colour; spire rather obtusely 
convex, obsoletely coronated, spirally grooved, 
grooves cancellated with striz. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. 


The Conus beticus exhibits no other colour but that 
of the dots and blotches, which are of very dark choco- 
late-brown upon a white ground. 


Species 227. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Epistomium. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, recta, 
tenuiculd, albd, maculis aurantio-fuscis, peculiariter 
fluentibus, bifasciatim cincta, maculis albo subobsoleté 
transversim punctato-lineatis ; spird depressiuscula, 
Suscescente maculata. 

Tue spigot Cone. Shell elongately turbinated, straight, 
rather thin, white, encircled with two bands of pe- 
culiarly flowing orange-brown spots, spots crossed 
with faint white dotted lines ; spire rather depressed, 
spotted with light brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Mauritius. 


This shell is of a peculiarly straight form, and re- 


; minds one very forcibly of the spigot or faucet-stop of a 


barrel; the very faint white dotted transverse lines are 
exceedingly regular, and of quite a different character to 
those of the brocade species. 


Species 228. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus cocceus. Con. testd turbinatd, supern? obesius- 
culd, subrotundatd, transversim subtilissim? liratd, in- 
terstittis leviter pertusis ; albd, liris maculis parvis 
irregularibus, pallide cocceis, eximie teniatis ; spird 
obtuso-convexa. 


January 1844. 


CONUS.—P.ate XLII. 


Tum scarLer-sporreD Cong. Shell turbinated, rather 
stout towards the upper part, a little rounded, 
transversely very finely ridged, interstices between 
the ridges slightly pricked ; white, delicately fil- 
leted with small irregular pale scarlet spots ; spire 
obtusely convex. 

Rexve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. New Holland. 


Mr. Cuming possesses three specimens of this deli- 
cately marked Cone, the entire surface of which is co- 
vered with faintly articulated fillets of white and scarlet. 


ee 


Species 177. (Fig. d and e, Mus. Bates.) 
(Second notice.) 
Conus omaria, variety. 
fauce roseo tincta. 


Shell deep blue, interior of the aperture stained with 
rose-colour. 


Testa vivide cerulea, aperture 


I am much indebted to John Bates, Esq., of Cowes, 
for the loan of this beautiful shell; its colouring is of 
the most delicate and vivid description, and not at all 
exaggerated in the accompanying figure. 


- 
f 
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aI 
: 
a . : 
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i 
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- 
7 
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oa 
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a) 


Conus, Pl. XTM. 


Sowerby. del. et lith aiaitiaies 


CONUS. 


Piate XLII. 


Species 229. (Mus. Cuming.) 


onus Cieru. Con. testd turbinatd, superne acutanguld, 
tenuiculd, per totam superficiem subtilissime liratd ; 
albd, strigis fuscescentibus, longitudinaliter undatis, 
subirregulariter variegata ; spird depressiusculd, le- 
viter canaliculatd, apice elato, mucronato. 

LERY SCone. Shell turbinated, sharply angled round 
the upper part, rather thin, very finely ridged over 
the entire surface ; white, somewhat irregularly va- 
riegated with longitudinally waved brownishstreaks; 
spire rather depressed, slightly canaliculated, apex 
raised and pointed. 

EEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

ab. Cape St. Thomas, Brazils (found in sandy mud at 
the depth of thirty-five fathoms); Clery. 


I have much pleasure in adopting the name of an intel- 
rent French naval commander, to whom we are indebted 
r this, and many new and interesting species of shells. 


Species 230. (Mus. Cuming.) 


NUS PIPERATUS. Con. testd subabbreviato-turbinatd, 
basim versus sulcatd; alba, maculis fuscis parvis 
sparsis irregulariter ornatd ; spird convexd, spirali- 
ter striata, apice mucronato, elato ; aperture fauce 
Suscescente tinctd. 

1E PEPPERED Cone. Shell rather shortly turbinated, 
grooved towards the base; white, irregularly or- 
namented with small scattered spots; spire convex, 
spirally striated, apex raised and pointed; interior 
of the aperture stained with pale brown. 

EEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

ab. ? 


The Conus erythreensis is perhaps the nearest allied 
ecies to this, well characterized by the stained inte- 
yr, and the more dotted style of the external painting. 


Species 231. (Mus. Griiner, Bremen.) 


onuUS GRUNERI. 
Fra transversim sulcatd, sulcis prominentibus ; albd, 
maculis subquadratis rubris trifasciatim teniatd, in- 
tervallis punctis rubris minutissimis aspersis ; spird 
depresso-pland, spiraliter canaliculatd, basi intus ea- 
tusque nigricante-violaceo tinctd. 


Con. testd turbinatd, superne levi, in- 


Griiner’s Cone. Shell turbinated, smooth round the 
upper part, grooved beneath, grooves prominent ; 
white, filleted with three bands of nearly square 
red spots, the spaces between which are sprinkled 
with very fine dots of the same colour; spire de- 
pressly flat, spirally canaliculated; base stained 
with very dark violet within and without. 

Reeves, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 


Hab. Island of Java. 


This is a beautiful little species, very distinct from 
any hitherto described. At the request of Mr. Cuming 
I have named it after M. Griiner of Bremen, a very 
zealous collector, whom I thank most cordially, not only 
for the loan of the shell, but for setting an example which 
I trust continental amateurs will not fail to profit by. 

There is another specimen of rather larger size, in the 
cabinet of Mr. J. E. Gray of the British Museum. 


Species 232. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus EmarGinatus. Con. testd subfusiformi-turbinata, 
levi, ad basim leviter sulcata ; alba, strigis fuscis la- 
tiusculis undatis vivide variegatd ; spird elatd, cana- 
liculatd, apice mucronato ; labro arcuato, juxta spiram 
emarginato. 

THE EMARGINATED Cone. Shell somewhat fusiformly 
turbinated, smooth, slightly grooved at the base; 
white, vividly variegated with rather broad waved 
brown streaks; spire raised, canaliculated, apex 
pointed; lip curved, emarginated next the spire. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Conus arcuatus, Gray, Zool. Beechey, Voy., p. 119. 

Hab. Pacific Ocean. 


Having already figured the Conus arcuvatus from a spe- 
cimen of the best authority (see Plate XV.), the entire 
surface of which is transversely grooved, I introduce the 
shell represented in pl. 36 of the ‘ Zoology’ of Beechey’s 
Voyage under the above new title. 


Species 233, a, b. (Mus. Adamson.) 


Conus stnpon. Con. testd subventricoso-turbinatd, levi- 
usculd ; albidd, lineis rubido-fuscis subtilissimis den- 
sissime bifasciatim decussatd ; spird subobtuso-con- 


vexd, apice rosaceo. 


January 1844. 


CONUS.—Ptare XLIII. 


Tur Fine camBric Cone. Shell somewhat ventricosely 
turbinated, nearly smooth; white, very thickly de- 
cussated with exceedingly fine reddish brown lines 
in such a manner as to form two broad transverse 
bands; spire rather obtusely convex, apex rose- 
tinted. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


This interesting shell, for the loan of which I am in- 
debted to the zeal of Mr. Adamson of Newcastle, is very 
distinct from any hitherto described species. ‘The paint- 
ing viewed through an ordinary lens suggests the ap- 
pearance of very fine lawn or cambric linen, and is of 
quite a novel character. 


Species 193. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Apansoni. Con. testé abbreviato-turbinatd, su- 
perne obesd, cerulescente-albd, olivaceo-viridi mar- 
moratd, maculis niveis, lineisque punctato-interruptis 
cinctd ; spird convexd, apice mucronato, rosaceo. 

Shell shortly turbinated, stout round 
the upper part, bluish white, marbled with olive- 


green, encircled with snowy white flakes and nu- 


Apawnson’s Cone. 


merous dot-interrupted lines; spire convex, apex 
pointed, rose-tinted. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 502. 
Le chotin, Adanson. 

Hab. Red Sea. 


This shell, for another example of which see PI. 
XXXVI. f. 190. f, is very closely allied to the Conus 
magus; its short stout growth is however somewhat 
peculiar. 


Species 284. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus tacreus. Con. testd turbinatd, solidd, inflatd, 

undique sulcata, sulcis subdistantibus, subtilissime 

striato-cancellatis ; eburned, nitente ; spird subde- 
presso-converd, spiraliter striatd, apice elato ; aper- 
turd latiusculd, fauce aurantio tinctd. 

Shell turbinated, solid, in- 
flated, grooved over its entire surface, grooves ra- 
ther distant, very finely cancellated with striz ; 
ivory-white, shining ; spire rather depressly con- 
vex, spirally striated, apex raised ; aperture rather 
broad, interior stained with orange. 

Reerve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

Hab. > 


THE MILK-WHITE Cong. 


Care should be taken not to confound this delicate 
shell with the Conus columba, which is of smaller size, 
and not grooved throughout. 


Species 235. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus Parius. Con. testd turbinatd, solidd, superne 
obesd, basim versus sulcatd, sulcis distantibus latius- 
culis, densissim? striato-cancellatis ; marmoreo-albd ; 
spird plano-converd, levi, apice mucronato, Susces- 
cente. 

Tur Partan Cone. 
the upper part, grooved towards the base, grooves 
distant, rather broad, very thickly cancellated with 
strie ; marble-white ; spire flatly conxex, smooth, 
apex pointed, tinged with brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Conus spectrum album, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. x. 
pl. 140. f. 1304. 

Conus columba, var. c, Lamarck, Enc. Méth.,pl. 331. 
ie Bs 

Hab. ——? 


This shell, which is of a solid, shining white, (like the 
celebrated marble of Paros,) has been evidently con- 
founded with the Conus columba ; it requires however no 
very great exercise of critical discrimination to perceive 
that it differs materially both from that and the preceding 
species. 


Species 236. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus Trnranus. Con. testa turbinatd, tenui, ventri- 


cosd, basim versus striatd; cinnabarind, maculis 
pallid? cesiis nebulatd, teniis indistinctis minio albo- 
que articulatis irregulariter ornatd; spira obtuso- 
converd, apice rosaceo. 

Tue Tintan Conr. Shell turbinated, thin, ventricose, 
striated towards the base; cinnabar or dull red 
lead-colour clouded with pale greyish blue spots, 
and irregularly ornamented with indistinct fillets of 
articulated white and dull cinnabar ; spire obtusely 
convex, apex rose-tinted. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 713. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 502. 

Hab. Island of Tinian, Ladrones. 


This is a light rudely formed shell, exhibiting a deli- 
cate and very pretty style of painting. The Conus 


aurora (Species 62. Pl. XII.) runs so closely into the 


Conus Tinianus, that it might perhaps, with more pro- 


| priety, be regarded as a variety of it. 


Shell turbinated, solid, stout round 


, Le 


shuts 


AAARRAESARNYS ac 


238 


2hT 


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we thf 
yi 


3 


ith, Linn. angi 


D 


del 


Sower dy 


CON US. 


Prate XLIV. 


Species 237. (Mus. Cuming.) 


sus Mapurensis. Con. testd turbinatd, levi, fulvd 
aut viridescente, in medio albibalteatd ; balted fus- 
cescente-punctatd, zonis supra et infra albo fulvoque 
nubeculatis, perpaucis, irregularibus, lineisque fus- 
cescentibus numerosis cinctd ; spird elatd, apice mu- 
cronato. 

er Mapura Cone. Shell turbinated, smooth, yel- 
lowish or greenish, white-belted round the middle ; 
belt dotted with light brown, encircled above and 
below with a very few irregular zones of clouded 
yellowish brown and white, and a number of light 
brown lines; spire raised, apex pointed. 

rass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 709. 

MARCK, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 500. 

b. Island of Madura, north-east of the island of Java. 


his appears to be ashell of rather doubtful character, 
| one of very rare occurrence. 


Species 238. (Mus. Cuming.) 


NUs ExARATUS. Con. testd turbinatd, subangustd, per 
totam superficiem sulcatd, sulcis regularibus, latius- 
culis, interstitiis subtilissime striato-cancellatis ; pal- 
lide ceruleo-purpured, maculis ferruginosis albinube- 
culatis, perpaucis, parcis, sparsim ornatd ; spird acu- 
minatd. 

E PLOUGHED Cone. Shell turbinated, rather narrow, 
grooved throughout its entire surface, grooves re- 
gular, rather broad, interstices very finely cancel- 
lated with striz; pale bluish purple, ornamented 
with a few very small, scattered, rusty, white-cloud- 
ed spots ; spire acuminated. 

EVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

b. 5 


This is a very distinct species, remarkable for the re- 
arity with which it is grooved. 


Species 239. (Mus. Cuming.) 


NUS ustuLATuS. Con. testd subelongato-turbinatd, su- 
perne tumidiusculd, margine rotundatd, transversim 
subtilissime lirata ; pallide ustulato-rubida, balted 
albidd angusté in medio cinctd ; spird convexd, spi- 
raliter striatd, maculis perpaucis sparsis purpureo- 


rubris ad marginem superiorem ornatd ; apice mucro- 
nato. 

THE scorcueD Cone. Shell rather elongately turbi- 
nated, a little swollen round the upper part, edge 
rounded, transversely very finely ridged ; pale burnt 
red, encircled round the middle witha narrow white 
belt; spire convex, spirally striated, ornamented 
with a few scattered purple-red spots upon the 
upper edge of each whorl; apex pointed. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. New Holland. 


There is no trace of any purple-red spots or other dark 
character on the body of the shell. 


Species 240. (Fig. a, Mus. Belcher; Fig. 6, Mus. 
Stainforth.) 

Conus acuLerrormis. Con. testd elongato-turbinata, 
subfusiformi, undique sulcatd, sulcis sublilissimeé stri- 
ato, cancellatis, nune angustis, liris intermediis planis 
latiusculis, nunc latioribus, liris intermediis rotun- 
datis angustis ; albidd, fuscescente punctatd, maculis 
Suscescentibus biseriatim cinctd ; spird acuminata, 
apice elato, acuto. 

Tue pRICKLE-sHAPED Cone. Shell elongately turbi- 
nated, somewhat fusiform, grooved throughout, 
grooves very finely cancellated with striae, some- 
times narrow with the intermediate ridges flat and 
rather broad, sometimes broad with the intermediate 
ridges rounded and narrow; whitish, dotted with 
light brown, encircled with two rows of light brown 
spots; spire acuminated, apex raised, sharp. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool, Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Cagayan, island of Mindanao, Philippines (dredged 
from sandy mud at the depth of from twenty-five 
to thirty fathoms) ; Cuming. 


The specimens collected by Mr. Cuming at the above- 
mentioned island are mostly smaller than those here 
figured. 


Species 241. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus viotaceus. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, cylin- 
draced, tenui, nitidd ; violaced, transversim obsolete 
fuscescente punctato-lineatd, fuscescente longitudina- 


liter strigatd, aut sparsim maculata ; strigis subdi- 


February 1844. 


CONUS.—P ate XLIV. 


stantibus, lineis brevibus fuscescentibus, exiliter albi- 
articulatis, ornatis ; spird rotundato-obtusd, spiraliter 
striatd. 

Tur vioLer-sTAINED Cone. Shell elongately turbinated, 
cylindrical, thin, bright ; violet-stained, encircled 
with obsolete lines of light brown dots, longitudi- 
nally streaked with light brown; streaks rather di- 
stant, crossed with short brown lines, faintly ar- 
ticulated with white ; spire rotundately obtuse, spi- 
rally striated. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Matnog, island of Luzon, Philippines (found on 
the reefs) ; Cuming. 


This is a very interesting species ; the faint dotted 
lines with which the entire shell is encircled are scarcely 
visible on the violet ground without the assistance of an 
ordinary lens, but in passing over the longitudinal streaks 
of light brown they present a more decided appearance. 


Species 242. (Mus. Griiner, Bremen.) 


Conus concotor. Con. testd subpyriformi-turbinatd, 
basim versus subtiliter liratd; cinnamomeo-fuscd, 
lineis fuscis irregularibus, nune confertis, nunc di- 
stantioribus, cinctd ; spird convexd, spiraliter sulcatd ; 
suturis rudibus, apice elato. 

Tuer unrrorm Cone. Shell somewhat pyriformly tur- 
binated, finely ridged towards the base ; cinnamon- 
brown, encircled with irregular brown lines, some- 
times close-set, sometimes more distant from each 
other; spire convex, spirally grooved; sutures 
rugged and uneven, apex raised. 

Sowersy, Conch. Illus., f. 59. 

Hab. China. 


This species, of which I have seen one or two other 
specimens, 1s of an uniform cinnamon-brown colour; and 
the spire is well characterized by the rugged uneven 
condition of the sutures. 


Species 243. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus rapipus. Con. testd turbinatd, leviter pyriformi, 
tenui, undique sulcatd, sulcis basalibus latioribus, pro- 
fundis, alteris irregularibus, subtilissimis, undulatis ; 


albd, totd superficie striis longitudinalibus elevatis 


peculiariter sculpta ; spird subobiuso-converd, obso- | 


lete coronatd. 

Tue consumptive Cone. Shell turbinated, slightly 
pyriform, thin, everywhere grooved, basal grooves 
wider and rather deep, the others irregular, very 


fine, waved; white, entire surface peculiarly sculp- 
tured with longitudinal strie ; spire rather obtusely 
convex, obsoletely coronated. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

Hab. ? 


I am not aware that the raised longitudinal striz with 
which this shell is so delicately sculptured are to be 
found in any other species of the genus. 


Species 244. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus ampBricuvus. Con. testd turbinatd, levi, basim ver- 
sus liratd, lincis subtilissimis, undatis, longitudinalibus, 
subobsolete incisis ; albd, pallid? fuscescente tinctd ; 
spird obtuso-convexd, leviter canaliculatad, maculis 
arcuatis fuscescentibus ornatd, apice mucronato, elato. 

Tur pousrrut Cone. Shell turbinated, smooth, ridged 
towards the base, rather obsoletely engraved with 
very fine, festooned, longitudinal lines ; white, 
palely stained with light brown; spire obtusely 
convex, slightly canaliculated, ornamented with 
arched brownish spots; apex raised and pointed. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 18438. 

Hab. ? 


There is always a doubtful character about shells ex- 
hibiting faint indications of colour; I have not, however, 
succeeded in referring this to any species hitherto de- 
scribed. 


Species 245. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Lenticrnosus. Con. testd fusiformi-turbinata 
tenuiculd, levi, basim versus sulcatd, sulcis latiusculis 
profundis ; albidd, fuscescente lentiginosd et punctatd 
spird elatd, anfractibus acutangulis, marginibus fus 
cescente maculatd, maculis subdistantibus ; labro sub 
expanso, jucta spiram emarginato. 

Tue rRECKLED Conr. Shell fusiformly turbinated 
rather thin, smooth, grooved towards the base 
grooves rather broad and deep; whitish, freckle 
and dotted with light brown ; spire raised, whorl 
sharp-angled, edges spotted with brown, spots ra 
ther distant; lip slightly expanded, emarginate 
next the spire. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 18438. 

Hab. ——? 


This is an interesting and important species, of whicl 
there is a fainter specimen, of more elongated growth 
in the collection of Mr. Adamson of Newcastle. 


Conus, PX 


mre. (he 
dowerby, del & litle 


CONUS. 


Pirate XLV. 


Species 246. (Mus. Gray.) 


Conus tTrocuutus. Con. testd abbreviato-turbinatd, 
obesd, solidd, levigatd, basim versus sulcatd; albd, 
aperture fauce rubido-violaceo tinctd ; spird obtuso- 
converd, levigatd. 

Tue Litrte trop Cong. Shell shortly turbinated, stout, 
solid, smooth, grooved towards the base; white, 
interior of the aperture stained with reddish violet ; 
spire obtusely convex, smooth. 

ReeEvE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


This species, of which there are several examples in 
the British Museum, all with the violet-tinged aperture, 
exhibits the same contrast of colour as a very peculiar 
white variety of the Conus nivosus. 


Species 247. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Con. testd turbinatd, solidiusculd, 
levigatd, basim versus subobsoleté noduloso-liratd ; 
albida, fasciis duabus latissimis livido-olivaceis, lineis- 
que exilibus fuscescente-punctatis, cinctd ; spird pla- 
no-convexd, canaliculatd, apice mucronato, elato, an- 
Sractuum marginibus subtilissime oblique nodulosis ; 
basi et aperture fauce violaceo tinctd. 

THE sruisep Cone. Shell turbinated, rather solid, 
smooth, somewhat obsoletely nodulously ridged 
towards the base; whitish, encircled with two very 
broad, livid olive bands, and a number of faint brown- 
dotted lines; spire flatly convex, canaliculated, apex 
raised, pointed, edges of the whorls very finely 
obliquely noduled; base and interior of the aper- 
ture stained with violet. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. 3 


Conus SUGILLATUS. 


This shell may probably have been confounded with 
the Conus lividus ; it is, however, quite distinct from that 
species both in the detail of the painting and in the 
structure of the spire. The spire is canaliculated, and 
very peculiarly beaded with fine oblique nodules, the 
canaliculated surface being of an olive-brown colour, 
whilst the nodules are white. 


Species 248, (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus stricatus. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, subcy- 
lindraced; albidd, strigis cinnamomeo-fuscis, confertis, 
interruptis, undique cinctd, maculisque oblongis pallide 
variegatd ; spird convexo-elatd. 

Shell elongately turbinated, some- 
what cylindrical, whitish, encircled throughout with 
anumber of interrupted, close-set, cinnamon-brown 
stripes, and palely variegated with oblong blotches 
of the same colour; spire convexly raised. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 733. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 516. 

Hab. ? 


THE sTrIPeD Cone. 


This is a species of rather doubtful character, and I 
am not sure that the specimen here figured from the 
collection of the Rev. Mr. Stainforth is really the shell 
intended. I venture to publish it as such because it 
agrees, as far as its condition allows, with the minute 
description of the Conus strigatus given by Bruguiére in 
the ‘ Encyclopédie Méthodique’ ; and it appears more- 
over perfectly distinct from any other species of the 
genus. 


Species 249. (Fig. a, Mus. Gray ; Fig. 6, Mus. Stain- 
forth ; Fig. c, Mus. Brit.) 


Conus MuTABILIS. Con. testd turbinatd, subpyriformi, 
levigatd, basim versus undulatim sulcatd ; fuscescente, 
in medio sepe pallidissimd, fusco irregulariter vir- 
gatd, lineisque fuscis interruptis cinctd ; spird con- 
vexd, spiraliter striatd, suturis rudibus, apice elato. 

Tne CHANGEABLE Cone. Shell turbinated, somewhat 
pear-shaped, smooth, grooved in a waved manner 
towards the base; light brown, often very pale in 
the middle, irregularly streaked with brown, and 
encircled with interrupted brown lines; spire con- 
vex, spirally striated, sutures rugged and uneven, 
apex raised. 

Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. xi. p. 52. pl. 182. f. 1758 
and 1759. 


Hab. ? 


In my observations on the Conus vevillum (Plate I. 
Species 3.), it is related how Lamarck quotes as a va- 
riety of that species a shell figured by Chemnitz under 
the title of Conus mutabilis. These remarks were offered 


February 1844. 


CONUS.—Ptare XLV. 


under an apprehension that the figure alluded to could 
not strictly be referred to the Conus vevillum, and con- 
clude thus: —“‘‘ It is, however, exceedingly difficult to say 
what species that figure is intended to represent.” I 
have now completely identified the Conus mutabilis of 
the ‘ Conchylien Cabinet’ as a very distinct species, and 
have the pleasure of representing specimens of different 
varieties from the collections of Mr. Stainforth, Mr. 
Gray, and the British Museum. 


Species 250. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus suturatus. Con. testd subabbreviato-turbinatd, 
solidiusculd, levigatd, basim versus sulcatd, sulcis la- 
tiusculis, distantibus ; alba, basi pallidé rosacea ; spird 
plano-convexd, profunde suturatd, spiraliter lirata et 
striatd, apice minuto, acuto. 

THE surureD Cong. Shell rather shortly turbinated, 
somewhat solid, smooth, grooved towards the base, 
grooves rather broad, distant; white, stained with 
pale rose at the base; spire flatly convex, deeply 
sutured, spirally ridged and striated, apex very 
small, raised. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1844. 

Hab. ? 


There is a very peculiar character on the spire of this 
shell; the sutures have an unusually decided appear- 
ance, in consequence of a small ridge which each whorl 
throws up at its junction with the preceding. 


Species 251. (Mus. Adamson.) 


Conus crEpuscutum. Con. testa turbinatd, tenuiculd, 
superne levi, infra exiliter granulatd, granulis seria- 


tim digestis, basim versus gradatim majoribus ; lu- 
teold, basi violaced ; spird convexd, apice mucronato, 
elato, anfractuum marginibus subtilissime obsolete 
nodulosis. 

Tue tTwiticut Cone. Shell turbinated, rather thin, 
smooth at the upper part, faintly granulated be- 
neath, granules set in rows, increasing gradually 
in size towards the base; pale yellow, base violet ; 
spire convex, apex pointed, raised, edge of the 
whorls very finely obsoletely noduled. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


This shell is allied in some measure to the Conus 
lividus ; it is, however, of much lighter growth, there is 
no indication of any colour in the aperture, and the 
spire is obsoletely very finely beaded. 


Species 252. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus rristis. Con. testd turbinatd, subfusiformi, levi- 
gatd, basim versus sulcaté ; albd; spird convexo- 
elatd, spiraliter striatd, anfractuum marginibus subti- 
lissimé nodulosis, anfractis ultimi nodulis obsoletis, 
apice mucronato. 

Tue sap-LooKinG Conr. Shell turbinated, slightly fu- 
siform, smooth, grooved towards the base ; white ; 
spire concavely raised, spirally striated, edges of 
the whorls very finely nodulous, nodules of the 
last whorl obsolete, apex pointed. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


There is no indication of any colour in this shell; it 
is of rather light structure. 


24a 


256 a 


S owerby, delet Lith 


Vincent Brooks, imp. 


CONUS. 


Pirate XLVI. 


Species 253. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


JONUS PLUMBEUS. Con. testd turbinatd, subpyriformi, 
trregulariter rugulosd et granosd, ceruleo-albd, oli- 
vaceo- aut violaceo-plumbeo fasciatd et strigata; 
spird convexd, nodulis subtilibus coronatd, albd, 
apice obtuso, rosaceo ; basi et aperture fauce vivide 
violaced. 

THE LEADEN Cone. Shell turbinated, somewhat pyri- 
form, irregularly wrinkled and granulated; bluish 
white, banded and streaked with olive or violet lead- 
colour ; spire convex, coronated with fine nodules, 
white, apex obtuse, rose-tinted; base and interior 
of the aperture vividly stained with violet. 

XEEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

lab. ? 


The wrinkles and irregular granules which cover the 
reater portion of this specimen may not belong to the 
pecies, which is introduced upon independent grounds ; 
amely, on account of the cross-blotched style of painting 
haracteristically exhibited on the under side of the 
hell, the deep violet lining of the aperture, and the rose- 
inted apex upon a neatly coronated white spire. 


Species 254. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Brit.) 


onus Broperipiu. Con. testd tenuiculd, subinflatd, 
transversim sulcatd, sulcis basim versus distinctiori- 
bus, subtilissime pertusis; pallidissime incarnato-albd, 
maculis aurantio-fuscescentibus inter sulcos ornata; 
spird planiusculd, spiraliter sulcatd, apice elato, 
mucronato ; basi et aperture fauce pallid? incarnato- 
rosed. 

RODERIP’s Cone. Shell rather thin, a little inflated, 
transversely grooved, grooves more distinct towards 
the base, very finely pricked; very pale fleshy- 
white, ornamented between the grooves with 
blotches of light orange-brown ; spire rather flat, 
spirally grooved, apex raised, pointed; base and 
interior of the aperture pale fleshy rose-tinted. 

VREVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

lab. ; 


Ihave much pleasure in dedicating this very chaste 
nd beautiful species to W. J. Broderip, Esq., F.R.S., a 
entleman well known in the conchological world, to 
hose zeal the country is much indebted for this and 


many other valuable shells which adorn our national 
collection. 


Species 255. (Mus. Brit.) 

Conus tautus. Con. testdé turbinatd, tenuiculd, levi- 
gatd; luted, punctis grandibus fuscis, trifasciatim 
confusis, seriatim cinctd; spird obtuso-convend, strigis 
JSuscis arcuatis ornatd. 

Tur Gaupy Cone. Shell turbinated, rather thin, 
smooth ; bright yellow, encircled with rows of 
large brown spots, confused together at the base, 
near the spire, and about the middle, in the form 
of bands ; spire obtusely convex, ornamented with 
curved brown streaks. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


I am unable to connect this with any hitherto de- 
scribed species; it exhibits a bright display of colour, 
and must be a striking shell in finer condition. 


Species 256. (Mus. Brit.) 


Conus a{mutus. Con. testd turbinatd, superne tumidius- 
culd, levigatd, olivaceo-ceruled, olivaceo-fusco varie- 
gata, teniatd, et maculata ; spird subobtuso-elatd, 
suturis rudibus ; aperture fauce olivaceo-fusco tinct. 

Tae rtivat Conr. Shell turbinated, rather swollen at 
the upper part, smooth; olive-blue, variegated, 
filleted, and spotted with olive-brown; spire rather 
obtusely raised, sutures slightly rugged and un- 
even; interior of the aperture stained with dark 
olive-brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


This is another very richly coloured shell allied in 
some measure to the Conus Guinaicus, but presenting 
a very different style of painting. 


Species 257. (Mus. Brit.) 


Conus pastinaca. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, trans- 
versim striatd, striis elevatis, basim versus promi- 
nentioribus ; albd, interdum pallid? luteold, immacu- 
latd ; spird obtuso-convexd, levigatd. 


Tue parsnip Cone. Shell oblong-turbinated, tans- 


February 1844. 


CONUS.—Puiarte XLVI. 


versely striated, striz raised, becoming more pro- cantibus, undatis, sepissime bifasciatim digestis, or- 
minent towards the base; white, sometimes very natd; spird convead, apice mucronato. 


pale yellow, unspotted ; spire obtusely convex, Gray’s Cone. Shell turbinated, stout at the upper 
part, somewhat pear-shaped, solid, smooth, finely 


smooth. 
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 469. ridged towards the base ; grey or ashy blue, orna. 
abe mented with large waved blackish spots, generally 


arranged so as to form two bands; spire convex 


This appears to be a shell of very rare occurrence ; I 3 
apex pointed. 


a it i ivat binet. 
have not seen it in any private cabi Reet ailtcee teas) 
Hab. ? 
Species 258. (Fig. a, 6 and c, Mus. Brit.) As our national Museum is indebted to Mr. Gray fo: 


this very interesting new species, I have much pleasur 


Conus Gray. Con. testd turbinatd, superneé obesd, sub- 
in naming it after him. 


pyriformi, solidd, levigatd, basim versus lirata ; 
cesid, aut cinereo-ceruled, maculis grandibus nigri- 


WA 


Sowerby. del. et lth 


zaVv 


pore 


Cont 


uh Lin 


CONUS. 


Pxuate XLVII. 


Species 259. (Mus. Brit.) 

Conus minutus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, pyrami- 
dali, levigatd ; incarnatd, fasciis duabus rubidis la- 
tissimis cinctd ; spirad elatd, anfractuum marginibus 
rubido-fusco maculatis. 

THE MINUTE Cong. Shell oblong-turbinated, pyrami- 
dal, smooth; flesh-colour, encircled with two very 
broad bands of reddish brown; spire raised, edges 
of the whorls spotted with reddish brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of St. Vincent, West Indies; Guilding. 


This is the smallest species of the genus, and quite 
peculiar in its characters. 


Species 260. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus pyemaus. Con. testd subabbreviato-turbinatd, 
levi, inferne sulcatd, sulcis prominentibus, subdi- 
stantibus ; pallide violaceo-albd, strigis fuscis longitu- 
dinalibus, latis, undatis, punctorumque seriebus trans- 
versis ornatd; spird quasi gradatim elatd, levi; 
aperture fauce rubido-violaced. 

Tux pygmy Cone. Shell rather shortly turbinated, 
smooth, grooved at the lower part, grooves promi- 
nent and rather distant; pale violet-tinged white, 
ornamented with broad waved longitudinal brown 
streaks, and transverse rows of rather distant irre- 
gular dots; spire raised with steps, as it were, 
smooth ; interior of the aperture stained with red- 
dish violet. 

Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


The dark zigzag streaks in this little shell pass over 


the edges of the whorls, leaving their ends visible on the 
spire. 


Species 261. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Conus puncturatus. Con. testd abbrevialo-turbinatd ; 
totd superficie lineis elevatis longitudinalibus et trans- 
versis clathratd, interstitiis quast puncturatis ; pal- 
lidé cinerea ; spird obtuso-convexd, spiraliter striatd, 
obsolete coronatd, fusco maculatd, apice rosaceo. 

Tux puncrurep Conr. Shell shortly turbinated; en- 
tire surface latticed with transverse and longitu- 
dinal raised lines, interstices looking as if punctured; 
pale ash-colour; spire obtusely convex, spirally 


striated, obsoletely coronated, spotted with brown, 
apex rose-tinted. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 635. 

Hab. Botany Bay, New Holland; Hwass. 


This is the only species of the genus, and it is conse- 
quently an important one, in which the entire surface of 
the shell is absolutely latticed with equidistant, trans- 
verse and longitudinal raised lines or ridges. It appears 


to have escaped the notice of Lamarck. 


Species 262. (Mus. Griiner, Bremen.) 
Conus conspersus. Con. testd turbinatd, leviter inflata, 
levi, basim versus sulcatd ; pallid? luteold, maculis au- 


rantio-fuscis variisque irregulariter conspersis, lineis, 
capillaribus confertis, undique cinctd ; spird convera, 
aurantio-fusco maculata. 

Shell turbinated, slightly in- 
flated, smooth, grooved towards the base; pale yel- 
lowish, sprinkled with irregular, variously-shaped 
orange-brown spots, and everywhere encircled with 
extremely fine, close-set, hair-like lines; spire con- 


THE sPRINKLED Cone. 


vex, spotted with orange-brown. 
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 


Hab. P 


This species may be recognised by the fine hair lines 
with which its entire surface is ornamented. 


Species 263. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus arrenuatus. Con. testd gracile turbinatd, basim 


versus attenuatd, levi; luted vei aurantio -fuscescente, 
strigis albidis perpaucis latis undatis longitudinaliter 
ornatd ; spird depressd, acutanguld, aurantio-fusces- 
cente alboque tessellata, apice acutissimo, elato. 

Tue atrenvatep Conz. Shell slenderly turbinated, 
attenuated towards the base, smooth, yellow or light 
orange-brown, longitudinally ornamented with a 
very few broad, waved, white stripes; spire de- 
pressed, sharp-angled, tessellated with light orange- 
brown, apex raised, very sharp-pointed. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


The long, slender, sugar-loaf form of this shell is 
| rather peculiar, and it exhibits a style of painting which 


February 1844. 


CONUS.—P att XLVII. 


I do not rememher to have observed in varieties of any 
other species. 


Species 264. (Mus. Brit.) 


Conusrutitus. Con. testd subpyriformi-turbinatd, tenui, 
subinflatd, striis tenuissimis subobsoletis, confertis, 
cinctd ; rutild, unicolore; spird depressiusculd, ver- 
sus apicem subtilissime coronatd, apice elato. 

Tuer Fiery RED Cone. Shell somewhat pyriformly tur- 
binated, thin, rather inflated, encircled with very fine 
close-set, nearly obsolete striz ; uniform fiery red ; 
spire rather depressed, very finely coronated towards 
the apex, apex raised. 

Menke, Moll. Nov. Holl., p. 27. no. 133. 

Hab. North-west coast of New Holland; Menke. 


I am much indebted to Professor Menke of Pyrmont, 
Germany, for sending me a drawing of this species; it 
has enabled me to identify a very interesting series of 
specimens in the collection of the British Museum, of 
which no information could be obtained. I have not 


observed the species in any private cabinet. 


Species 265. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus BuxEus. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, subcylin- 
draced, levi, basim versus subtiliter liratd ; luteo- 
fuscescente, filis fusco-punctatis numerosis, confertis, 
cinctd ; spird elatd, anfractuum marginibus subtilis- 
sime nodulosis, apice mucronato. 

Tur sox-woop Conz. Shell elongately turbinated, 
somewhat cylindrical, smooth, finely ridged towards 
the base; yellowish brown, everywhere encircled 
with numerous close-set, brown-dotted, thread- 
like lines; spire raised, edges of the whorls very 
finely beaded, apex pointed. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 


Hab. ——? 


The Conus buxeus is very closely allied to the Conus 
lignarius ; it differs chiefly in being of a more elongated 
or fusiform shape, whilst the spire is distinctly beaded 
and not canaliculated. 


Species 266. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus nitipus. Con. testa turbinatd, levi, nitidd, prope 
basim subtilissime liratd ; aurantio-fuscescente, su- 
perne et median? exiliter albimaculatd, lineis fuscis 
interruptis subdistantibus undique cinctd ; spird sub- 
elatd, spiraliter striatd, apice pallide rosaceo. 


Tur sninine Cons. Shell turbinated, smooth, shi- 
ning, very finely ridged near the base ; hght orange- 
brown, faintly spotted with white about the middle 
and upper part, and everywhere encircled with 
rather distant, interrupted brown lines ; spire some- 
what raised, spirally striated, apex tinged with pink, 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 

The lines which encircle the entire surface of this 
delicate little Cone are more particularly interrupted in 
passing over the faint spots round the middle and upper 
part of the shell. The pink apex is very characteristic. 


Species 267. (Mus. Brit.) 


Conus castus. Con. testa turbinatd, subinflatd, levi; 
luted, lineis perpaucis exilibus, subtilissime nigricante- 
punctatis, irregulariter distantibus, cinctd ;  spird 
levi, apice rosaceo. 

Tuer cuaste Cone. Shell turbinated, a little inflated, 
smooth; yellow, encircled with a few faint, very 
finely black-dotted lines, at irregular distances; 
spire smooth, apex rose-tinted. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

léliti, ——= 8 


This is another very chaste and characteristic species, 
very different from any hitherto described. 


Species 268. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Conus tiratus. Con. testd subabbreviato-turbinatd, liris 
subprominulis undique circumdatd ; albidd, maculis 
paucis aurantio-fuscis longitudinaliter confluentibus 
biseriatim cinctd ; spird exsertd, noduliferd, apice 
pallidé rosaceo ; basi et aperture fauce vivide viola- 
ceo-rosed. 

Shell rather shortly turbinated, 
everywhere surrounded by rather prominent ridges; 
whitish, encircled with a few orange-brown spots, 
flowing down longitudinally and ranging in two 


THE rIDGED Cone. 


rows; spire exserted, coronated with nodules, apex 
tinged with pink ; base and interior of the aperture 
vividly sta ned with violet-rose. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ——? 


A very curious well-marked species, in excellent con- 
dition, which, I believe, is at present unique in the 
unrivalled Cone-collection of the Rev. F. J. Stainforth, 
to which, together with that of H. Cuming, Esq., this 
monograph is mainly indebted for its completeness. 


CONUS, Supp. ll 7 


2.6 


24 2 


Benham & Reeve mp 


CON 


Wiss 


Supp. Prare I. 


Species 269. (Mus. Cuming.) 


onus Srepoupir. Con. testé fusiformi-conicd, basi gra- 
datim attenuatd et spiraliter sulcatd, supernd levi, 
spird acutissime acuminata, suturis peculiariter exca- 


vato-canaliculatis ; albd, maculis perpaucis aurantio- 
Suscis medio cingulaté. 

[IEBOLD’s Conz. Shell fusiformly conical, gradually 
attenuated towards the base and spirally grooved, 
smooth towards the upper part; spire very sharply 
acuminated, sutures peculiarly excavately channelled ; 
white, encircled round the middle with a few orange- 
brown blotches. 

ab. Japan; Dr. Siebold. 


This shell is not only distinct in form from any of those 
hich have preceded it, but has a somewhat remarkable 
ire ; the sutures being broadly excavated, the edge of 
e whorls is sharply elevated forming a ridge, which is 
veloped with the same regularity to the apex. 


Species 212. (Fig. 6 and c, Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Porro-Ricanus. When engaged on this 
ecies about four years since (PI. XXXIX.) with the 
ly specimen then known in this country, I was fearful 
m its worn and discoloured condition that it might 
sve to be no other than a variety of C. achatinus. Since 
it period a beautifully granulated example (Fig. 4.) has 
ne into the possession of Mr. Cuming without any 
ormation as to its locality, whilst another (Fig. c.) has 
sed into the same valuable repository, collected by 
. Dyson at Cumana, Venezuela. The latter of these is 
irely free from granules, yet possessing all the charac- 
istics of form and colouring equally peculiar to both, 
1 they serve to establish the species in a very satisfac- 
y manner, as one beyond all doubt. 


Species 270. (Mus. Cuming.) 


NUS TELATUS., 
levi, basin versus striatd, spird concavo-acuminaté ; 


Con. testa oblongo-conicd, subpyramidali, 


alba, reticuld aurantio-fuscd ubique notatd, maculis 
grandibus aureo-luteis, longitudinaliter lineis nigris 
undatis, bifasciatim cinctd. 
E WEBBED ConeE. Shell oblong-conical, somewhat 


February, 


pyramidal, smooth, striated towards the base, spire 
concavely acuminated; white, marked throughout 
with a fine orange-brown net-work, encircled with 
two bands of large golden-yellow blotches, marked 
with longitudinally waved black lines. 

P) 


Hab. 


M. Deshayes first pointed out to Mr. Cuming the cir- 
cumstance of this shell constituting a species distinct from 
C. textile or vicarius ; it is of a more straight pyramidal 
growth with the net-work pattern of finer texture, and 
however minute may be the distinction, the species carries 
a certain identity with it by which it may always be 
recognised. 


Species 2284. (Mus. Saul.) 


Conus coccets. 
C. cocceus, from the collection of Miss Saul, is worthy of 
being figured as adding a value to the species, which I 
scarcely anticipated at the time of its introduction in 
January, 1844 (Pl. XLID). It is a shell of solid growth 
and of a uniform deep pinkish scarlet, faintly articulated 
with white, to which the accompanying figure hardly does 
justice. M. Kiener has just figured it as a new species 
with the name C. citrinus, Icon. coq. viv. Conus, PI. 59. f. 6. 


This magnificent example of the 


Species 271. (Mus. Cuming.) 


CONUS FULGURANS. Con. testd ovato-conicd, solidiusculd, 
superne obesi, lavigatd, basi sulcatd, spird excavato- 
canaliculatd ; alba, maculis longitudinaliter flecuosis 
guttisque ferrugineis transversis pictd. 

THE LIGHTNING-MARKED Cone. Shell ovately conical, 
rather solid, stout round the upper part, smooth, 
grooved at the base, spire excavately channelled ; 
white, painted with rust brown flexuous longitudinal 
blotches and transverse dots. 

Hwass, Enc. Méth. vers. v. i. part 2. p. 687. Lamarck, 
Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) v. xi. p. 74. 

Hab, ——? 

Tn this species, of which Mr. Cuming has obtained two 
specimens without any information as to their locality, we 
may fairly recognize the C. fulgurans described in the 
Encyclopédie Méthodique, in 1792, by Bruguiére, from 
the manuscript of M. Hwass of Copenhagen. Lamarck 


1848. 


CONUS.—Supp. Prate I. q 


published the species in his ‘ Animaux sans vertébres’ and 
referred to the figure which accompanied it in the Ency- 
clopédie Méthodique (re-produced by Kiener in his mono- 
graph of the genus lately issued), but the shell was unknown 
to him, and it has not been identified until now. The figure 
in Martini which is referred to both by Bruguiére and 
Lamarck in illustration of this species, does not agree with 
the more authentic one in the Encyclopédie Méthodique, 
and Gmelin’s name C. fulmineus, founded on the former 
without a knowledge of the shell, may therefore remain in 
obscurity. 


Species 272. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Con. 
levigata, basi subtiliter striata ; ceruleo et incarnato 


PYRAMIDALIS. testa subelongato-conied, 


tinctd, reticuld purpureo-fusca, lineis longitudinaliter 


inclinatis pictd, maculis rufescente-aurantiis perpaucis 
bifasciatim cincta. 

THE PYRAMIDAL Cone. Shell somewhat elongately 
conical, smooth, finely striated at the base; stained 
blue and flesh-colour, painted with a purple-brown 
net-work, the lines being inclined longitudinally, and 
encircled with two bands of reddish orange spots, 
very few in number. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) v. xi. p. 125. 

Hab. P 


This is certainly distinet from the C. canxonicus to which 
it bears considerable resemblance, and has been received 
by Mr. Cuming from good authority at Paris as identical 
with Lamarck’s C. pyramidalis, of which an apparently 
acuminately distorted example is figured in the Eneyclo- 
pédie Méthodique. 


a 


LOH, 


27. 


° 


Conus, J “pp. 


274.0. 


798.6. 


hth 


thy a 


CON US: 


Supp. Pare II. 


Species 273. (Mus. Cuming.) 


oNUs RupPELLit. 
striata, spird depressiusculd, suleatdé et obsolete coro- 
natd ; rufo-fuscescente, lineis castaneis, hic illic punc- 
tiferis cingulata, fascid punctatd in medio, spire nodulis 
albis, interstitiis castaneis. 

UPPELL’S Conk. Shell ovately conical, granosely striated 
at the base, spire rather depressed, grooved and ob- 
soletely coronated; reddish brown, encircled with 
lines which are here and there resolved into dots, a 
band of dots in the middle, nodules of the spire 
white, interstices chesnut. 


ab. Red Sea; Dr. Riippell. 


Con. testé ovato-conicd, basi granato- 


Of a rich deep brown colour, encircled with unsteady 
t-lines. 


Species 274. (Mus. Cuming.) 


NUS SPECIOSISSIMUS. Con. testd ovato-conicd, levi aut 
basin versus obscure distanter liratd, spird subobsolet? 
coronatd ; vivide coccineo-rosed, fasciis duabus macu- 
liferis roseo-albidis medio et superné cingulatd, spird 
marmorata. 

IE BEAUTIFUL Cone. Shell ovately conical, smooth or 
obscurely distantly ridged towards the base, spire 
somewhat obsoletely coronated ; bright scarlet-pink, 
with two pink-white blotchy bands round the middle 
and upper parts, spire marbled with the same. 

ab. Curacoa. 


A most delicately painted species, reminding one some- 
vat of the C. cardinalis. 


Species 198. (Fig. 6. Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus mriraris var. This shell deserves to be noticed 
a very marked variety of a well-known species; M. 
ener describes it as a new one under the name C. scaber, 
t I think he errs in this respect. 


Species 275. (Mus. Cuming.) 


NUS LARGILLIERTII. 
diusculd, spird acuminata, levi ; rufescente-fuscd, medio 
albifasciatd, taniis angustis rufo-fusco alboque articu- 
latis undique cingulatd, spird subirregulariter tessellatd. 


Con. testé pyramidali-ovatd, soli- 


April, 


LaRGILLreRT’s Cone. Shell pyramidally ovate, rather 
solid, spire acuminated, smooth; reddish-brown, 
white-banded in the middle, encircled throughout 
with narrow articulated fillets of red-brown and 
white, spire somewhat irregularly tessellated. 

Krener, Icon. coq. viv., pl. 98. f. 3. 

Hab. ? 


The specific value of this shell must be estimated rather 
by its form than by the pattern or colouring, which is seen 
with trifling variation in the C. ¢rigonus, luetificus, and 
Ruppellii. 


Species 276. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conts contTUsUs. 
culd, levigatd, sulcis tribus quaternisve distantibus ad 


Con. test subcylindraceo-ovatd, tenui- 


basin, spird subtiliter bisuleatis, suturis rudibus, apice 
valde acutd ; livido-ceruled, aurantio tinct. 

THE BRUISED Conz. Shell somewhat cylindrically ovate, 
rather thin, smooth, with three or four distant grooves 
at the base, spire finely double-grooved, rude at the 
sutures, apex very sharp; livid-blue, stained with 
orange. 


Hab. Moluceas. 


Whether this species will be found to reveal any 
design in the colouring it is impossible to foresee from the 
accompanying specimen, which is of a peculiar livid ochra- 
ceous tint though very characteristic throughout. 


Species 277. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus pratextus. Con. testd obeso-ovatd, basin versus 
sulcatd, supra sulcis distantioribus punctatis cingulata, 
spird depress, suleatd, fortiter coronaté; cinereo- 
grisea, cerulescente-albo nebulatd, superné roseo tinctd, 
macula nigra inter nodos, teniis numerosis angustis 
nigro-alboque articulatis undique creberrime cingulata, 
intus purpurea. 

THE ENLACED Conk. Shell stoutly ovate, grooved to- 
wards the base, encircled above with more distant 
punctured grooves, spire depressed, grooved, strongly 
coronated ; ashy-grey, clouded with bluish-white, pink 
round the upper part, a black spot between the no- 
dules, and very closely encircled throughout with 


1848. 


CONUS Supp.—Prate IT. 


numerous narrow fillets articulated black and white, 
interior purple. 
Hab. Marquesas Islands. 

The pattern of this shell which is allied in form to the 
C. minimus and miliaris, is extremely neat, consisting of a 
number of closely-set narrow articulated fillets of black 
and white oblong dots upon a dark lavender-slate ground ; 
besides these there are several white blotches ranging in 
two bands, and the upper part of the shell is tinged with 


rose. 


Species 278. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Conus Jukssit. Con. testd subabbreviato-ovatd, tenuiculd, 

spird depresso-concavd, spiraliter subtiliter sulcata, 

apice acuto; intense castaneo et caerulescente-albo 
peculiariter nebulata et longitudinaliter strigata, intus 
purpurascente. 

Jukes’ Cony. Shell somewhat abbreviately ovate, rather 
thin, spire depressly concave, spirally finely grooved, 
apex sharp; peculiarly clouded and longitudinally 
streaked with very dark chesnut and bluish white, 
interior light purple. 

Hab. North Australia; Jukes. 

Rather a thin shell and apparently of immature growth, 
but amply distinguished both in form and in its bold style 


of painting. 


Species 279. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus PAPILLOsUS. Cow. testd obeso-ovatd, solidiusculd, 
basi sulcatd, spird concavo-excavata ; carulescente- 


grised, punctis minutis fuscis undique cingulatd, intus 
intense purpured. 

THE PAPILLOSE Cone. Shell stoutly ovate, rather solid, 
grooved at the base, spire concavely excavated 
bluish-grey, encircled throughout with minute brown 
dots, interior deep purple. 

Kiener, Icon. coq. viv., pl. 72. f. 4. 

Hab. ? 


A rather common species closely allied to C. puncticu 
latus, but distinguished by M. Kiener and, I believe, cor 
rectly so. The specimen figured by that author is a highh 


granulated one. 


Species 280. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus uctrricus. Con. testd oblonga, levigatd, bas 
crebrisulcatd, spiré elatiusculd, concavo-excavata ; al 
bidd, rufo-fusco tinctd et longitudinaliter strigatd, tent 
saturatioribus interruptis cingulatd, fasciam albidai 
centralem et per marginem superiorem pratermittent 
spird tessellatd. 

MOURNFUL Conn. Shell oblong, smooth, closel 
grooved at the base, spire rather elevated, concavel 
excavated; whitish, stained and longitudinally streake 
with reddish brown and encircled with interrupte 
fillets of a darker brown, leaving a whitish ban 
round the centre and along the upper margin, spi 


tessellated. 
9 


THE 


Hab. 


Though not distinguished by any striking peculiarity | 
character, this species is certainly different from any th 


have preceded it. 


282 


250.6 


Conus, Supp. P: 


Reeve, Bonham & Reeve ,inp 


CON US. 


Supp. Pirate IT. 


Species 280. (Mus. Cuming.) 


ONUS NUCLEUS. Con. testa subcylindraced, spira obtuso-ro- 
tundata, suturis subrudibus, apice minuto, acuto ; an- 
fractibus superné via angulatis, transversim subtilissime 
striatis ; roseo-incarnatd, medio pallide fasciatd, et 
maculis perpaucis hieroglyphicis opaco-albis ornatd, 
intus purpureo-cerulescente 

HE KERNEL Cone. Shell somewhat cylindrical, spire 
obtusely rounded, sutures somewhat rude, apex 
minute, sharp; whorls scarcely angled round the 
upper part, transversely very finely striated ; pinkish 
flesh-colour, faintly banded in the middle and orna- 
mented with a very few hieroglyphical opake white 
spots, interior light purplish blue. 

lab. Matnog, Island of Luzon, Philippines (found on the 
reefs); Cuming. 


The white hieroglyphical spots which encircle this shell 
t distant and irregular intervals round the middle, are 
ery similar in character to those of the C. duteus, the shell 
; not, however, of the same peculiarly delicate porcelain 
spect ; it is cylindrically rounded at the top, and uniformly 
f smaller size. 


Species 281. (Mus. Cuming.) 


ONUS JASPIDEUS. Con. testd ovato-conicd, tenuiculd, 
laevigata, basi subprofunde et creberrimé sulcatd, spird 
subobtusd, trisulcatd ; albd, punctis maculisque hiero- 
glyphicis aurantio-fuscis, superné fascid latd roseo-au- 
rantid cingulatd, spird fusco radiatim strigatd, apice 
basique roseis. 

HE JASPER Cone, Shell ovately conical, rather thin, 
smooth, rather deeply and closely grooved at the 
base, spire somewhat obtuse, three-grooved ; white, 
encircled with orange-brown dots and hieroglyphical 
blotches with a broad rose-orange band round the 
upper part, spire radiately streaked with brown, base 
and apex pink. 

\IENER, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 55. f. 2. 

Tab. Cape of Good Hope. 


A beautifully painted shell in Mr. Cuming’s collection 
greeing precisely with M. Kiener’s figure. 


Species 282. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Cumrneit. Con. lestd ovato-conicd, subcylindra- 
ced, levigatd aut obsolete tenuiliratd, spird peculiariter 
punctato-sulcaté ; rufescente-olivaced, fascia mediand 
spirdque anfractuum margine superiori cerulescente- 
albis ; rufescente-fusco maculatis et punctatis. 

Cumina’s Cone. Shell ovately conical, somewhat cylin- 
drical, smooth or obsoletely finely ridged, spire 
peculiarly grooved and punctured; reddish olive, 
with a central band, spire and upper edge of the 
whorls white; blotched and dotted with reddish 
brown. 

Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines; Cuming. 


An extremely interesting new species collected by 
Mr. Cuming during his sojourn at the Philippine Islands. 


Species 283. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus certnus. Con. testa subobeso-ovati, crassiuscula, 
levigaté, basi peculiariter granoso-liratd, spird tri- 
sulcatd ; albd, maculis grandibus castaneo-fuscis lineatis 
interruptis conspicue pictd, apice roseo. 

Tup waxen Cone. Shell somewhat stoutly ovate, rather 
thick, smooth, peculiarly granosely ridged, spire 
three-grooved; white, conspicuously painted with 
interrupted lineated chesnut blotches, apex pink. 

Hab. Island of Mindanao, Cuming. 


The form of this shell is different from that of any of 
similar style of painting, and it has a deep pink apex. 


Fig. 250 6. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Conus suturatus, Described in February 1844 at 
Plate XLV. from an indifferent specimen with little 
indication of the rich brown bands and_pinkish- 
purple base which characterise the accompanying 
figure, and no information as to its locality. 

Hab. Port Essington, Australia; Jukes. 


Species 284. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Conus FriaIDus. Con. testd obeso-ovatd, crassiusculd, trans- 
versim subtiliter et eximie liratd, liris basin versus 
obsolete granulatis, spird trisulcatd ; pallide straminea, 
apice basique violaceis. 


April, 1848. 


CONUS Supp.— Prater IT. 


Tur coup Cong. Shell stoutly ovate, rather thick, 
transversely finely and delicately ridged, ridges 
obsoletely granulated towards the base, spire three- 
grooved ; pale straw-colour, base and apex violet. 

Hab. - 

There is a peculiarity in the transverse ridges of this 
species becoming slightly granulated towards the base, of 
which it is impossible to give an idea in a figure; the 
upper portion of the shell is smooth and of rather solid 
growth; the whole is of a pale yellow colour having the 
base and apex tinged with dark violet. 


? 


Species 285. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus InFRENATUS. Con. testd oblonga, tenui, subinflatd, 
levigatd, spird depressiusculd suturis rudibus ; roseo- 
albidd, teniis fuscescente alboque articulatis, subdistan- 
tibus, cingulatd, apice roseo. 

THE BRIDLED Conr. Shell oblong, thin, somewhat in- 
flated, smooth, spire rather depressed, sutures rude ; 
rose-white, encircled with rather distant fillets of 
articulated light brown and white, apex pink. 


P] 


Hab. 


Related in some degree to the C. aplustre, but certainly 
distinct ; it is of a light rather inflated growth, of a pale 
rose tint, encircled throughout with rather distant conspi- 
cuous articulated fillets. 


Species 286. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Conus TRIGONUS. Con. testd subtrigono-ovatd, basin versus 
sulcatd, spird peculiariter depressd, quinque-sulcatd, 
apice acuto ; alba, rufo-fusco tinctd et fasciatd, teniis 
numerosis eximié articulatis angustis undique cingula- 
td, spira tessellata. 

THE TRIANGULAR Conz. Shell somewhat triangularly 
ovate, grooved at the base, spire peculiarly depressed, 
five-grooved, sharp at the apex; white, stained and 
banded with reddish-brown, and encircled with nu- 
merous narrow delicately articulated filaments, spire 


tessellated. 
? 


Hab. 

Remarkable for its broad flattened spire ; it approaches 
somewhat to the C. Japonicus, Bruguiére, known only by 
the figure in the Enc. Méth. pl. 330. f. 3. but cannot be 
pronounced to be the same. 


oa 


a 
= A i 
‘ 
ye 
: 
hal ‘ 
a \ 4 
“ 
- 7 4 
« 
Ph = + 
7 
, a 7 
a ; << 
* + mS 
a 


aia 


Conus, Supp. PEWS 


Rerve Bonham & Reeve, imp 


Sowerby, dal. et Lith 


CONUS. 


Supp. Puate IV. 


Species 237. (Mus. Belcher.) 


JONUS PIGMENTATUS. Con. testd oblongo-turbinaté, 
transversim obsolete crebrisulcatd, spird striata et 
oblique coronatd; albd, violascente tinctd, olivaceo 
maculata, floceulis albis hie illic aspersd, basi et 
aperture fauce vivide ceruleo-violaceis, spird albidd, 
apice intense rosea. 

HE PAINTED Cone. Shell oblong-turbinated, trans- 
versely obsoletely closely grooved, spire striated and 
obliquely coronated; white, tinged with violet, 
spotted with olive, and sprinkled here and there 
with white flakes, base and interior of the aperture 
bluish-violet, deep crimson-rose at the apex. 

paMs and Rrxve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 18. pl. 5. f. 11. 

fab. ? 


Collected in the eastern hemisphere by Sir Edward 
elcher during the voyage of the Sulphur, who has no 
cord of its locality. The deep crimson-rose colouring 
the apex is remarkable. 


Species 238. (Mus. Cuming.) 


ONUS DISPAR. Con. testd pyramidali-conicd, levigatd, 
superné acutanguld, basin versus oblique sulcatd, spird 
subacutd, levigatd, vel subtilissime concentrice striata ; 
ceruleo-albidd, punctis castaneis, maculis hierogly- 
phicis, fasciatim dispositis, nitidé pictd, spird maculis 
arcuatis intense castaneis ornatd, aperture fauce cas- 
taneo-fuscd. 

HE UNLIKE Cone. Shell pyramidally conic, smooth, 
sharp-angled round the upper part, obliquely grooved 
towards the base, spire rather sharp, smooth or very 
finely concentrically striated; bluish white, neatly 
painted with chestnut dots and hieroglyphic blotches, 
disposed in bands, spire ornamented with curved 
dark chestnut spots, interior of the aperture dark 
chestnut brown. 

DWERBY, Conch. Illus. f. 57. 

ab. ——? 

Tn the absence of any description, I was formerly unable 

identify this species from the obscure figure in the 

chological Ilustrations. 


Species 239. (Fig. 239 and 240, Mus. Cuming.) 


NUS sUBULATUS. Con. lestd oblongo-conicd, basin 


versus attenuata et subrecurvd, transversim sulcatd, 
sulcis distantibus, regularibus, ad basin wregularibus, 
Sortioribus, hie illic duplicatis, spird elevatd, striato- 
suleatd, apice acuté ; albd, maculis grandibus castaneis, 
rude flammatis, subirregulariter trifasciatd, maculis 
interdum raris. 

THE suBuLATE Cong. Shell oblong-conic, attenuated 
and recurved towards the base, transversely grooved, 
grooves distant, regular, stronger and irregular 
towards the base, here and there duplicate, spire 
raised, striately grooved, apex sharp; white, some- 
what irregularly three-banded with large, rudely 
flammate blotches, spots sometimes rare. 

KiENER, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 70. f. 2. 

Hab. Islands of Mindanao and Corrigidor, Philippines, 
(in coarse sand from depths of about eight to twenty- 
five fathoms) ; Cuming. 


I am glad to be able to confirm the value of this species 
from the produce of Mr. Cuming’s researches among the 
Philippine Islands. 


Species 240. (Fig. 181 4, Mus. Crotch.) 


Conus CaILLIAUDI. 
versus peculiariter attenuata, levigatd, spird plano- 
depressd, oblique obtusé coronatd, apice viv elevato ; 
Sulvescente, lineis saturatioribus filosis subundulatis 
irregularibus undique cingulatd, apice rosaceo. 

CaILiiaup’s Cone. Shell pyramidally conical, peculiarly 
attenuated towards the base, smooth, flatly depressed 
at the spire, obliquely obtusely coronated, apex 
scarcely raised; light fulvous yellow, encircled 
throughout with fine thread-like lines of a darker 
colour, irregular and slightly waved, apex tinged 
with pink. 

KienER, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 55. f. 5. 

Hab. iy 

Distinguished from the C. Caledonicus, to which it seems 
very closely allied, by its narrow attenuated growth and 
the absence of any indication of granules ; whilst the apex 


Con. testé pyramidali-conicd, basin 


is more largely and rudely coronated. 


Species 241. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Borneensis. Con. testd fusiformi, medio atten- 
uatd, spird acute elevatd, anfractibus superné concavis 


June, 1849. 


CONUS.—Suvrp. Prats lV. 


et angulatis, infra transversim lineari-sulcatis, sulcis 
atate plus minusve obsoletis, lineis incrementi arcuatin 
striatis ; albd, rufo-fusco sparsim maculata. 

Tur Borneo Cone. Shell fusiform, attenuated in the 
middle, spire sharply elevated, whorls concave and 
angulated round the upper part, transversely linearly 
grooved beneath, grooves more or less obsolete with 
age, arcuately striated with lines of growth; white, 
blotched here and there with red-brown. 

Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 18. pl. 5. f. 8. 

Hab. North-east coast of Borneo (in ten fathoms, sandy 
and strong bottom); Belcher. 


Very closely allied to the C. arcuatus, but of a lighter 
and more attenuated growth. 


Species 242. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus PAPILLARIS. Con. testa fusiformi-oblongd, spird 
elevato-turritd, apice papillari, anfractibus superné 
acuté concavo-angulatis, peculiariter tenuicoronatis, 
nodulis subobliquis, infra levibus; albidd, aurantio- 
Serrugineo longitudinaliter strigato-nebulata. 

THE PAPILLARY Cone. Shell fusiformly oblong, spire 
elevately turreted, apex papillary, whorls sharply 
concayely angulated round the upper part, peculiarly 
finely coronated, nodules somewhat oblique, smooth 
beneath ; whitish, longitudinally streaked in a clouded 
manner with orange-rust. 


Hab. ? 


A very characteristic species collected by Sir Edward 
Belcher during the voyage of the Sulphur, of which the 
locality was not preserved. The apex is papillary, and 
the whorls are sharply obliquely coronated, the interstices 
between the nodules being coloured with the same pecu- 
liar orange-rust with which the lateral surface of the shell 
is painted. 


Species 243. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus VaurTrert. Con. testd subobeso-turbinatd, solidd, 
levigatd, basi sulcatd, sulcis subdistantibus, spird 
plano-depressa, fortiter coronatd, striatéd et sulcatd, 
liris minute crenulatis ; alba, roseo-fusco pallide tinctd, 
maculis roseo-fuscis, ad latus opaco-albis, hic illic 
aggregatis, ornata. 

VauTier’s Cong. Shell rather stoutly turbinated, solid, 
smooth, grooved at the base, grooves rather distant, 
spire flatly depressed, strongly coronated, striated 
and grooved, the ridges being minutely crenulated ; 
white, tinged with rose-brown spots, opake-white at 
the side, here and there aggregated together. 


Krener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 100. f. 3. 
Hab. ? 

I find nothing in this species to distinguish it fron 
C. pulicarius except colour, yet it seems distinct and pre 
sents no intermediate variety. 


Species 244. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Conus ocuraceus. Con. testd subangulato-conicd, lew 
gatd, ad basin subirregulariter sulcatd, spird planius 
culd, canaliculatd, apice elevaté; alba, fasciis latis 
simis duabus, maculis oblongo-quadratis punctisque fus 
cescente-ochraceis ornata. 

Tur ocure Conn. Shell somewhat angularly conic 
smooth, rather irregularly grooved at the base, spir 
a little flattened, raised at the apex, channelled 
white, omamented with two very broad brownis 
ochre bands, the intervals being marked with oblong 
square spots and dots of the same colour. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. xi. 

Hab. West Indies. 


This species which, in the absence of any specimen, 
thought to be a discoloured C. Proteus, appears to b 
distinct. 


Species 245. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus FLORIDULUS. Con. lestd oblongo-turbinatd, solidim 
culd, ad basin tumidiusculd, liris perpaucis subdistant 
bus, spird striata, obsolete oblique coronatd, apice acuta 
violascente-albd, basi vivide roseo-violaced, medio fa 
ciatim immaculatd, supra infraque aurantio-fusco tinct 
et punctatd, apice pallide rufescente. 

Tur BLOOMING ConE. Shell oblong-turbinated, rathe 
solid, somewhat swollen at the base, with a fe 
rather distant ridges, spire striated, obsoletely ot 
liquely coronated, apex sharp ; violet-white, bright] 
tinged at the base with rose-violet, in the centre: 
an unspotted band, stained and dotted above an 
below with orange-brown, apex pale red. 

Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 18. pl. i 
16 8) 

Hab. 

A shell of rather solid growth, collected by Sir Edwar 

Belcher, during the voyage of the Sulphur, very deepl 
stained with violet at the base, and delicately suffuse 
with that colour throughout; and a pale band is forme 
in the middle by the interruption of numerous orange 
brown dots, which are seen above and below it. Th 
spire is very indistinctly undulately noduled, and faintl 
spotted with orange-brown which grows reddish toward 
the apex. 


? 


COHUS Supp. LUV. 


252 


sb 


R.B.& Reimp 


del et lith. 


CBS 


CORNGUS.. 


Supp. Pate V. 


Species 246. (Mus. Dennison.) 


Conus LEMNIscatus. Con. testdé subangulato-conicd, 
medio leviter contractd, basin versus attenuata, undique 
subtiliter liratd; spird acuminatd, incrementi lineis 
arcuatis undique notatd, apice acuta; albidd, fusces- 
cente-aurantio, longitudinaliter undulata, liris trans- 
versis alternis fusco-aurantio subtilissime articulatis. 

THE SILKEN-STRINGED Cone. Shell somewhat angularly 
conic, slightly contracted towards the middle, atten- 
uated towards the base, delicately ridged throughout ; 
spire acuminated, marked throughout with carved 
lines of growth, apex sharp; whitish, longitudinally 
waved with brown-orange, every alternate transverse 
ridge very finely articulated with the same colour. 


Hab. ? 


This very interesting species was found amongst the 
shells collected by Sir Edward Belcher during the voyage 
of the Sulphur, without any information as to its locality. 


Species 247. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus sTILLATUS. Con. testd oblonga, inflata, transversin 
striata, basin versus crebrisulcatd, spird depressiusculd, 
regulariter striato-suleata ; lacted, superné maculis 
ustulato-fuscis in lineis descendentibus, maculis satu- 
ratioribus ad basin pictd. 

THE TRICKLED Conk. Shell oblong, inflated, transversely 
striated, closely grooved towards the base, spire 
rather depressed, regularly striately grooved ; cream- 
white, painted at the upper part with burnt-brown 
spots, descending in lines, with darker brown spots 
at the base. 

Hab. Moluceas. 


Distinguished from C. spectrum slightly in form, but 
more particularly by the character of its markings, the 
colour of which is a darker brown. 


Species 248. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus EMActIATUS. Con. testd pyramidali-conicd, cras- 
siusculd, solidd, medio contractd, basin versus attenuata, 
liris angustis undique filatim funiculatd, spird depressd, 
levigatd; albidé, vel luted, liris saturatioribus, basi 
intense ceruleo-violaced. 

THE EMACIATED Cone. Shell pyramidally conic, rather 
thick, solid, contracted in the middle, attenuated 


towards the base, corded throughout with narrow 
thread-like ridges, spire depressed; smooth, whitish 
or yellowish, ridges rather darker, base deep blue- 
violet. 

Hab, Philippine Islands ; Cuming. 


Closely allied to C. virgo, but distinguished in a very 
characteristic manner by its contracted attenuated growth, 
and by the thread-like cords with which it is encircled. 
M. Gubba of Havre also possesses specimens. 


Species 249. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conts Lorenzianus. Con. testd obeso-conicd, crassa, 
ponderosa, levigatd, spird elevatiusculd, levigata ; 
alba, flammis maculisque rufo-castaneis usque ad basin 
Sasciatim picta. 

Lorenz’s Conn. Shell stoutly conical, thick, ponderous, 
smooth, spire rather elevated, smooth ; white, painted 

, down to the base with flames and spots, disposed in 
bands. 

Cuemnirz, Conch. Cab. vol. ii. p. 51. pl. 181. f. 1754-8. 
Conus flammeus, Lamarck. 

Hab. Honduras; Dyson. 


For want of a sufficient regard to Chemnitz’ character of 
this species, “ basi punctis rubicundis punctata,” I referred 
the C. Lorenzianus at Pl. 27, to a shell in the collection of 
M. Delessert having that name attached to it and bearing 
some general resemblance to the figure of the Conchylien 
Cabinet. This shell proves to be identical with the 
species figured at Pl. 16, as C. zebra, now distinguished as 
C. virgatus, and will be found to differ particularly from 
C. Lorenzianus in the character above recited, never being 
spotted or dotted at the base. Chemnitz’ figure will be 
found to agree in this respect with the C.flammeus of 
Lamarck, as he himself truly indicated, with the aid of the 
figure in the Encyclopédie Méthodique (PI. 336. f. 1) and 
of M. Kiener (PI. 23. f. 1), and by an easy transition with 
the figure in the accompanying plate, which represents a 
stout peculiarly marked state of the species collected by 
Mr. Dyson at Honduras. 


Species 250. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus merorus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, crassiusculd, 
basi subrude contortd, transversim obsolete undulato-stri- 
até, longitudinaliter Uineis incrementi irregulariter 


June 1849. 


CONUS.—Suprp. Prater V. 


notatd, spiré plano-depressd, apicem versus obsolete 
minute coronatd; lacted, punctis minutissimis nume- 
rosis pallidé fuscescentibus seriatim notata, fascid tm- 
maculata in medio, basi intensé livido-violaced. 

Tur stcKLy Cong. Shell oblong turbinated, rather thick, 
somewhat rudely twisted at the base, transversely 
obsoletely striated in a slightly waved manner, irre- 
gularly longitudinally marked with lines of growth, 
spire flatly depressed, minutely obsoletely coronated 
towards the apex; cream-colour, marked with rows 
of very minute pale brown dots, leaving a white 
band in the centre, base dark livid-violet. 


Hab. 2 


This species of which I have seen many similar examples, 
is closely allied to C. lignarius, especially to that variety 
figured by M. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 107. f. 8, under the 
name C, Cecile var. 


Species 251. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Conus INQUINATUS. Con. testd subpyriformi-conicd, cras- 
siusculd, levigatd, basi subobsoleté liratd, spird obtusa, 
levigatad, suturis subrudibus ; purpurascente-alba, cas- 
taneo profuse longitudinaliter tincta, fascid maculorum 
albicantium in medio cingulata, liris basalibus sparsim 
albi-articulatis. 

Tue spLasHep Cong. Shell somewhat pyriformly co- 
nical, rather thick, smooth, somewhat obsoletely 
ridged at the base, spire obtuse, smooth, sutures 
rather rude; purplish-white, profusely longitudinally 


stained with chestnut, encircled round the middle 
with a band of light blotches, basal ridges sparingly 
articulated with white. 

Hab. West of Africa. 


Mr. Cuming possesses two or three examples of this 
species, which I am quite unable to refer to any hitherto 
described. 


Species 252. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Conus Brrnarpr. Con. testé cylindraceo-oblongd, sub- 
inflata, basin versus attenuatd, supernée rotundata, le- 
vigatd, basin versus sulcatd, sulcis distantibus, subpro- 
Sundis, minute crenulatis, spird levigata, elevatiusculd ; 
fulvo-castaned, maculis punctisque perpaucis albis, hic 
ulie aggregatis, notata. 

BERNARD’s Cong. Shell cylindrically oblong, slightly 
inflated, attenuated towards the base, rounded at 
the upper part, smooth, grooved towards the base, 
grooves distant, rather deep, minutely crenulated, 
spire smooth, rather elevated; fulvous chestnut, 
marked with a few white dots and blotches here 
and there aggregated together. 

Krener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 220. pl. 100. f. 2. 

Var. intense purpureo-nigra, parum albi-maculata. 
Conus Gubba, Kiener. 

Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (dredged from a depth 

of seven fathoms in sandy mud) ; Cuming. 


This shell has been long known to me, but I have 
always regarded it as a variety of C. cinereus. 


Cons Supp LLY. 


259 


GB.S. del et lith. RB. & Rimp 


CONUS. 


Supp. Piate VI. 


Species 253. (Mus. Cuming.) 


tus MaGELuanicus. Con. testd subtrigono-turbinatd, 
laevigata, liris subtilibus angustis, distantibus, cingulata, 
superioribus feré obsoletis, spird concavo-depressa, coro- 
natd, apice elevato ; vivide citrino-luted, medio superne 
et inferné maculis grandibus hieroglyphicis, albis, fusco- 
umbratis et punctatis pulcherrime fasciatim notatd, 
apice rosaceo. 

} Macettan Cone. Shell rather triangularly tur- 
binated, smooth, encircled with fine narrow distant 
ridges, the upper of which are nearly obsolete, spire 
concavely depressed, coronated, apex raised; bright 
lemon-yellow, very beautifully marked in the middle 
and round the upper and lower parts with bands of 
large hieroglyphic white blotches, dotted and shaded 
with brown, apex pink. 


ass, Bruguicre, Enc. Méth. Conus No. 31. pl. 322. f. 3. 
). 2 


‘he specimen here figured of this very beautiful species, 
which Mr. Cuming is indebted to the liberality of 
Gubba, is the only one in this country. Iam unable 
onfirm the locality after which it is named. 


Species 254. (Mus. Cuming.) 


wus Crotcnit. Con. testé subabbreviato-conica, soli- 
diusculd, levigatd, basi striata, spird subplano-convead, 
striato-sulcatd ; albd, lineis filosis ustulato-fuscis un- 
dique creberrimé cingulatd, maculis perpaucis nivosis 
interdum interrupta, spird cum margine anfractis 
ultimi fusco maculata. 
yrcu’s Conn. Shell somewhat abbreviately conical, 
rather solid, smooth, striated at the base, spire some- 
what flatly convex, striately grooved; white, very 
closely encircled throughout with fine thread-like 
burnt-brown lines, sometimes interrupted with a few 
snow-white spots, spire with the edge of the last 
whorl spotted with brown. 
). Saldanha Bay, South Africa. 


‘his species which has been confounded with certain 
eties of C. venulatus from the Cape de Verd Islands, 
y be distinguished by the spire being striately grooved. 
have the pleasure to name it in honour of a zealous 
iteur collector of the genus, the Rev. W. R. Crotch, of 
inton. 


Species 255. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Conus Gitvus. Con. testd trigono-conicd, levigatd, basi 
sulcatd, suleis paucis, distantibus, spird depresso-con- 
veat, laevigata, suturis subrudibus ; violaceo-fuscd, 
medio fascid pallidé cingulatd, superne rufescente- 
tincta, maculis perpaucis parvis intense brunneo-rufis 
per marginen. 

THE BRICK-COLOURED Cone. Shell triangularly conical, 
smooth, grooved at the base, grooves few and distant, 
spire depressly convex, smooth, sutures somewhat 
rude; violet-brown, encircled by a pale band round 
the middle, tinged at the upper part, with a few 
small deep brown-red spots along the edge. 

Hab, Saldanha Bay, South Africa. 


I am not aware of any species which approaches this in 
respect of colouring. 


Species 256. (Mus. Cuming.) 


CoNnUS EXIMIUS. 
usculd, superne acute angulatd, levigatd, basin versus 


Con. testa subtrigono-turbinata, solidi- 


sulcatd, sulcis distantibus, reqgularibus, spird subcanali- 
culatd, ad apicem elevata ; alba, roseo-violaceo suffusa, 
aurantio-castaneo supra et infra maculata et variegata, 
punetis vittisque angustis articulatis hic illie notatd, 
spira maculis paucis distantibus pictd. 

‘THe cHoice Cong. Shell somewhat triangularly tur- 
binated, rather solid, sharply angled at the top, 
smooth, grooved towards the base, grooves distant, 
regular, spire slightly channelled, raised at the apex ; 
white, suffused with rose-violet, blotched and varie- 
gated above and below with orange-chestnut, marked 
here and there with dots and narrow articulated 
fillets, spire painted with a few distant spots. 

Hab. Moluccas. 


A richly painted species, approximating in some degree 
to C. voluminalis. 


Species 257. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Convs ALABASTER. 
paululum recurva, liris angustis binis undique cingulata, 


Con. testa subfusiformi-turbinata, basi 


interstitiis striatis et cancellatis, spira canaliculatd, 
acute et crebré striatis, apice elato, acutissimo ; ceru- 


June, 1849. 


CONUS.—Suvprpr. Prats VI. 


lescente-albd, spird apicem versus fuscescente pallidé 
tessellata. 

THE ALABASTER Cone. Shell somewhat fusiformly tur- 
binated, a little recurved at the base, encircled 
throughout with delicate narrow ridges in pairs, 
interstices striated and cancellated, spire channelled, 
sharply and closely striated, apex raised, very sharp ; 
clear bluish-white, faintly tessellated towards the 
apex with light brown. 

Apams and Regve, Moll. Voy. Samarang. 

Hab. China Sea. 


The accompanying figure, I regret to say, gives a very 
inadequate idea of this very pure white and delicately 
sculptured species, the shell being enveloped by a dirty 
fibrous epidermis. 


Species 258. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus LACHRYMOSUS. 
culd, subventricosd, levigatd, basin versus contract et 


Con. test oblongo-conicd, tenui- 


liratd, spird striato-sulcatd, apice acuta ; fulvo-auran- 
tid, lineis interruptis saturatioribus cingulatd, medio et 
superné albidd, strigis fulvo-aurantiis, promiscue undu- 
latis, longitudinaliter pictd, spird tinctd et variegata. 

THE WEEPING Conn. Shell oblong-conical, rather thin, 
slightly ventricose, smooth, contracted and ridged 
towards the base, spire striately grooved, sharp at 
the apex; fulvous-orange, encircled with interrupted 
lines of a darker colour, white in the middle and 
along the upper edge, painted longitudinally with 
promiscuously waved orange-brown streaks, spire 
stained and variegated with the same colour. 

Hab. ? 

Marked in a manner perfectly distinct from any species 


yet described. 


Species 259. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus primuLa. Con. testd subabbreviato-conicd, soli- 
diusculd, basin versus liratd, liris subdistantibus, spira 
depresso-convexd, coronatd, apice obtusd ; eximié roseo- 
aurantid, superne lacted, maculis grandibus lacteis 
oblongo-quadratis fasciatim medio cingulatd. 

Tur primrose Cone. Shell somewhat abbreviately 
conical, rather solid, ridged towards the base, ridges 
somewhat distant, spire depressly convex, coronated, 
obtuse at the apex; delicate rose-orange, white round 
the upper edge, encircled round the middle with a 
band of large oblong-square cream-white spots. 


Hab. ? 


Of a delicate nankeen colour, banded in the middle, 
somewhat in the style of C. lithoglyphus. 


Species 260. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus FILAMENTOSUS. Con. testd oblongo-conicd, superne 


eee 


obtuse angulata, subinflatd, levi, sulcis angustis diste 
tibus undique cingulatd, spira multisulcatd, apice ela 
acutissimo ; albidd, luteo-aurantio, hic illic coccin 
tinctd, profuse pictd, lineis subtilissimis filamento: 
saturatioribus undique confertim cingulata. 

THE FILAMENTOSE Cone. Shell oblong-conical, obtus. 
angled at the upper part, slightly inflated, smoo 
encircled throughout with narrow distant grooy 
spire many-grooved, apex raised and very sha 
whitish, profusely painted with yellowish oran 
here and there scarlet-tinged, and closely encire 
throughout with very fine thread-like lines of a dar! 
colour. ; 


Hab. ? 


Encircled, like C. conspersus, with very fine thread-l 
lines about five between each groove. 


Species 261. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus rivuLartus. Con. testé cylindraceo-conicd, 
perne obtusd, transversim subtiliter liratd, liris gra 
latis, spird striato-sulcatd, obsolete coronatd ; albi 
maculis grandibus aurantio-fuscis bifasciata et pe 
liariter undulato-flammatd, granulis albidis. 

THE STREAMLET-MARKED Cone. Shell cylindrically 1 
nical, obtuse at the upper part, transversely fin 
ridged, ridges granulated, spire striately groovi 
obsoletely coronated; whitish, with two bands 
large orange-brown blotches, peculiarly undulat 
flamed, granules whitish. 

Hab. Moluccas. 


I have seen several examples of this species, all charé 
terised by the undulated flammules of colour. 


Species 262. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus srrroLaTus. Con. testd subcylindraceo-oblong 
solidd, undique subtilissime liratd et striata, basi levi 
contortd, spird convewd, striato-sulcatd, infra sutw 
peculiariter marginatd, apice acutissimo ; alba, aure 
tio-fuscescente pallid? fasciatin nebulatd, liris fuse 
cente obscure.minutissime punctatis, apice roseo. 

THE FINELY-STRIATED Cone. Shell somewhat cylind 
cally oblong, solid, very finely ridged and_ striat 
throughout, slightly twisted at the base, spire convi 
striately grooved, peculiarly margined beneath t 
sutures, apex very sharp; white, faintly clouded 
a banded style with orange-brown, ridges obscur 
very minutely dotted with brown, apex pink, 

Kroner, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 105. f. 1. 

Hab. ? 

This species which M. Kiener and I had both set apa 
independently, -as a new one, is little removed from 
certain variety of the C. magus. ' 


. 


Conus Supp. LL 


265 
268 
277 
RB &R imp 


APar, 

stg : alt Fei. 

Ae N 8 ay] hehe ada ID) DS 
Aine eae” § 8 


0 


o 
27 


G.B.S. del et lith . 


CONUS: 


Supp. Pirate VII. 


Species 263. (Mus. Cuming.) 


JoNUS cornonatUs. Con. testd fusiformi-turbinata, medio 
obesd, liris subtilibus equidistantibus cingulatd, spird 
ampla, fortiter coronaté ; supra alba, infra olivaceo- 
cinered, floccis albis parvulis oblongo-quadratis basi 
notata. 

HE CROWNED Cone. Shell fusiformly turbinated, stout 
in the middle, encircled throughout with fine equi- 
distant ridges, spire large, strongly coronated ; white 
at the upper part, olive-ash beneath, marked with 
small oblong-square white flakes at the base. 

Zab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (on the reefs) ; Cuming. 


The spire of this little species is of unusually large pro- 
ortion. 


Species 264. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Jonus Prait. Con. testa subfusiformi-conicd, superné an- 
gulatd, levi, basin versus sulcatd, sulcis conspicuis, 
regularibus, pertusis, spird elevatd, subcanaliculata, 
subtilissimé arcuatim striata, apice acuta ; albidé, cas- 
taneo sparsim longitudinaliter nebulata et per marginem 
anfractuum punctatd, vittis numerosis angustis castaneo 
et opaco-albo articulatis undique cinctd. 

-BAL’S Cone. Shell somewhat fusiformly conical, angled 
round the upper part, smooth, grooved towards the 
base, grooves conspicuous, regular, pricked, spire 
elevated, very slightly channelled, and finely areuately 
striated, sharp at the apex; whitish, longitudinally 
clouded, and along the edge of the whorls, dotted 
with chestnut, encircled throughout with numerous 
narrow fillets of articulated chestnut and opake white. 

TREEN, Trans. Albany Institute, U.S. 

Zab. Florida. 


A very distinct species, allied in form to the C. verru- 
osus and acutangulus. 


Species 265. (Mus. Cuming.) 


JONUS ATRAMENTOSUS. Con. testé obeso-conicd, subpy- 
riformi, solidd, creberrimé striato-sulcatd, sulcis per- 
tusis, spird reticulatd; cinereo-atré, punctis paucis 
grandibus albis superné aspersd, basi alba. 

THE INKY Cong. Shell stoutly conical, somewhat pear- 


shaped, solid, very closely striately grooved, grooves 


pricked, spire reticulated with grooves; ashy-black, 
sprinkled at the upper part with a few large white 
dots, base white. 

Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines (under stones at low 
water) ; Cuming. 


A very peculiar stout little species encircled with fine 
grooves, the spire being reticulated with the same. 


Species 266. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus sprcuLum. Con. testé fusiformi, utrinque acute 
attenuatd, solidiusculd, superne angulatd, levigatd, basi 
liratd, spird acutissimé acuminatd; albidad, maculis 
punctisque paucis castaneis aspersda. 

THE LITTLE DART Cone. Shell fusiform, sharply atten- 
uated at both ends, rather solid, angled round the 
upper part, smooth, ridged at the base, spire very 
sharply acuminated; whitish, sprinkled with a few 
chestnut spots and dots. 

Hab. Cagayan, Island of Mindanao (in sandy mud at the 
depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. 


This peculiarly formed shell, of which I have seen two 
or three specimens of similar character, might be taken for 
the young of C. generalis, from which it differs on com- 
parison. 


Species 267. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus InscuLprus. Con. testé fusiformi, basi multd 
attenuata, superné angulatd, undique sulcatd, sulcis 
latiusculis, longitudinaliter cancellatis, liris intermediis 
planatis, spird elevatd, striata, margine subtilissime 
coronata ; sordide fulvd. 

THE ENGRAVED Cone. Shell fusiform, much attenuated 
at the base, angled round the upper part, grooved 
throughout, grooves rather broad, longitudinally ean- 
cellated, intermediate ridges flattened, spire elevated, 
very finely coronated at the edge; dull fulvous colour. 

KieneEr, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 99. f. 2. 

Hab. Cagayan, Island of Mindanao (in sandy mud at the 
depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. 


I cannot but think this may prove to be a dwarf variety 
of the C. Orbigni. 


June, 1849. 


CONUS.—Supp. Prats VII. 


Species 268. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus mnpuRATUS. Con. testd subtrigono-conicd, solidius- 
culd, levigatd, deinde sulcatd, sulcis distantibus, regula- 
ribus, spird subplanatd, striatd, apice elevatd, acuta ; 
livido-cerulescente, maculis paucis punctisque oblongo- 
quadratis, intensd castaneis, aspersd, aperture Sauce 
intense fusca. 

THe HARDENED Cone. Shell somewhat triangularly 
conical, rather solid, smooth, then grooved, grooves 
distant, regular, spire rather flattened, striated, raised 
and sharp at the apex; livid-blue, sprinkled with a 
few very dark chestnut spots and oblong-square dots, 
interior of the aperture deep brown. 

Hab. Red Sea. 


The dark chestnut spots are rather larger on the spire, 
and towards the base. 


Species 269. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus vimineus. on. testd cylindraceo-fusiformi, basin 
versus multo attenuatd, liris transversis striisque elevatis 
concentricis undique ereberrimé cancellatis, spird sub- 
canaliculaté, cancellaté, apice acuta ; fulvescente. 

Tue wrckER Cons. Shell cylindrically fusiform, much 
attenuated towards the base, very closely cancellated 
throughout with transverse ridges and concentric 
elevated strie, spire slightly channelled, cancellated, 
sharp at the apex; pale fulvous yellow. 

Hab. Cagayan, Island of Mindanao, Philippines (in sandy 
mud at the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. 


This species is not distinguished by any design of co- 
louring, but it is remarkable for the elaborate net-work of 
its sculpture. 


= 


Species 270. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus InmauaLis. Con. testd subpyriformi, levigata, 
basi pauciliratd, spird subobesd, bisulcatdé, sulcis con- 
fertis, apice subacuto ; fulvescente-albi, lineis fulvis 
minutis cingulatd, fascia angusté albd in medio, spira 
albd, maculis grandibus rufo-fulvis radiata, apice pallide 
rosaceo. 


Tur UNEQUAL Conr. Shell somewhat pyriform, smoot! 
few-ridged at the base, spire rather stout, two groovet 
grooves close-set, rather sharp at the apex; fulvou 
white, encircled with very fine fulvous lines leaving 
narrow white band in the middle, spire white, raye 
with large reddish fulvous spots, apex pinkish. 


Hab. ? 


Although the spire of this shell is rayed with larg 
blotches of colour, there are no spots on the surfa 
beneath, which is encircled with very fine lines. 


Species 271. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Fucatus. Con. testé conico-turbinatd, levigatd a 
obsolete peculiariter indentatd, basi liratd, spird co 
spicue striato-sulcatd, liris intermediis granulatis, apt 
elato, acuto ; cinereo-olivaced, spird albo marmorata 

Tur DyED Conn. Shell conically turbinated, smooth 
obsoletely peculiarly indented, ridged at the ba: 
spire conspicuously striately grooved, intermedie 
ridges granulated, apex raised, sharp; ash-olive, sp 
marbled with white. 

Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. 


Care must be taken not to confound the young 
C. Taheitensis with this species, from which it is qu 
distinct. 


Species 272. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus GRANIFER. Con. testa subfusiformi-conica, undu 
granosd, basi liratd, spird subcanaliculatd, marg 
subtiliter coronatd ; alba, apice basique pallide fuse 
cente tinctd. 

THE GRAINED Cone. Shell somewhat fusiform, conic 
eranose throughout, ridged at the base, spire sligh 
channelled, finely coronated at the edge; whi 
tinged with light brown at the base and apex. 

Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. 


The granules of this shell have a specific character. 


CONUS Supp. FU, 


276. 


GBS. delet ith. BB, & Reimp. 


CONUS: 


Supp. Pirate VIII. 


Species 273. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Jonus cotuisus. Con. testd oblongo-conicd, solidiusculd, 
subinflata, levigatd, transversim suleatd, suleis distan- 
tibus, superioribus plus minusve obsoletis, spird striato- 
sulcatd, apice acuté, apertura latiusculd ; albida, fulvo 
nebulatdé et variegata. 

[HE BRUISED Cone. Shell oblong-conical, rather solid, 
somewhat inflated, smooth, transversely grooved, 
grooves distant, upper ones more or less obsolete, 
spire striately grooved, sharp at the apex, aperture 
rather broad; whitish, clouded and variegated with 
fulvous colour. 


Tab. ? 


Of this species Mr. Cuming possesses several examples, 
liffering very much in the pattern of their colouring, but 
Il distinguished by an association of character from 
y. spectrum, which is the next allied. 


Species 274. (Mus. Gubba.) 


JONUS SANGUINOLENTUS. Con. testa subtrigono-conica, 
solidd, levigatd, basi obscure liratd, spird plano- 
depressd, subcanaliculata, apice elevatd, acutd ; undique 
roseo-coccineo suffusd, flammis paucis sanguineis latius- 
culis, irregularibus, distantibus longitudinaliter pictd, 
spird sanguineo indistinct tessellatd. 

‘HE BLOOD-STAINED Conk. Shell somewhat triangularly 
conical, solid, smooth, obscurely grooved at the base, 
spire flatly depressed, slightly channelled, raised and 
sharp at the apex; suffused throughout with rose- 
scarlet, and painted longitudinally with a few rather 
broad, irregular, blood-stained flames, spire indis- 
tinctly tessellated with the same colour. 

P) 


Tab. 


A very characteristic new species, remarkable for the 
yarm delicacy of its colouring. 


Species 275. (Mus. Gubba.) 


JonUS HYMNA. Con. testd subobeso-conicd, laevigata, basi 
crebriliratd, spird subrotundatd, striata et unisulcatd, 
suturis rudibus, apice acuto; albd, carneo-fuscescente 
pallide bifasciatd, lineis fuscis brevibus transversis in 
flammis longitudinalibus dispositis irregulariter pictd. 


THe Hy#na Cone. Shell somewhat stoutly conical, 
smooth, closely ridged at the base, spire somewhat 
rounded, striated and one-grooved, sutures rude, 
apex sharp; white, faintly two-banded with flesh 
brown, and somewhat irregularly painted with short 
transverse brown lines, disposed one under the other 
in longitudinal flames. 

Hwass, Bruguiére Enc. Méth. Conus No. 55. 

Hab. ? 


This, and not the variety of C. punctatus, is, according 
to Kiener, the true C. hyena of the Encyclopédie Métho- 
dique. 


Species 276. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Botvintt. Con. testi cylindraceo-oblongd, supra 
et infra transversim sulcatd, sulcis distantibus, regula- 
ribus, pertusis, medio vix striatis, spird peculiariter 
concavo-depressd, spiraliter profunde sulcata, apice pau- 
lulum elevatd, subobtusd ; albicante, carneo-fuscescente 
bifasciatd, maculis perpaucis hieroglyphicis castaneo- 
rufis, nonnullis subamplis, aspersa. 

Borvin’s Cone. Shell cylindrically oblong, transversely 
grooved above and below, grooves distant, regular, 
pricked, scarcely striated in the middle, spire pecu- 
liarly concavely depressed, spirally deeply grooved, 
a little elevated, but obtuse, at the apex; white, en- 
circled with two bands of light flesh-brown, and 
sprinkled with a few hieroglyphic chestnut-red spots, 
some of which are rather large. 

Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 64. 

Fab. ? 


I have been much gratified with the examination of 
this shell in Paris, the only example of the species that 
has been seen. It is certainly very distinct from any 
hitherto described, being remarkably characterized by its 
coneavely depressed spire and punctured striae. The cha- 
racter of the marking partakes somewhat of that of C. 
gubernator. M. Boivin informs me, that he obtained it at 
the sale of an old collection at Havre, into which port it 
was probably brought from some remote locality. 


Species 277. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus Cumrnett. Con. testdé subtrigono-conicd, solidius- 


June, 1849. 


CONUS.—Supp, Prats VIII. 


culd, medio subcontractd, superne levigatd, lineis in- 
erementi longitudinaliter arcuatim striata, basi subti- 
liter liratd, liris irregularibus, subundulatis, spird 
depressiusculd, levigatd, apice elevato, acuto; albida, 
aurantio-coccineo longitudinaliter tinctd, maculis per- 
paucis fuscis interruptis et obscuris fasciatim notatd, 
aperture fauce rosacea. 

Cumine’s Cong. Shell somewhat triangularly conical, 
rather solid, slightly contracted in the middle, smooth 
above, longitudinally arcuately striated with lines of 
growth, finely ridged at the base, ridges uregular, 
slightly waved, spire rather depressed, smooth, apex 
elevated, acute; whitish, longitudinally stained with 
orange-scarlet, and marked in a banded style with a 
few interrupted and obscure brown spots, interior of 
the aperture pink. 

Hab. Salango, West Columbia (at a depth of about seven 
fathoms) ; Cuming. 


In general form and tinge of colour this species ap- 


proaches the C. virgatus, but it is distinguished by a ver 
different design of marking. Several specimens wer 
collected in the above-named locality by Mr. Cuming, t 
whom I have the pleasure of dedicating it. 


Species 278. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus uEpaticus. Con. testa conico-turbinatd, super 
levigatd, basin versus sulcatd, spird subcanaliculaté 
albit, prope apicem fuscescente. 

THE LIVER-COLOURED Cone. Shell conically turbinatec 
smooth above, grooved towards the base, spire slghtl 
channelled; white, stained with brown at the apex. 

KiEneR, Icon, coq. viv. pl. 97. f. 3. 

Hab. ? 


T have not had an opportunity of seeing the type 
M. Kiener’s C. hepaticus. The shell here figured yer 
nearly approaches it, whilst it does not agree with an 
other species. 


Sowerby, del et lith 


Conus Supp Vib) 


Reeve Benham & Reeve 1mp 


CONUS. 


Supp. Puate IX. 


Fig. 263 a. (Mus. Cuming.) 


JoNUS CoRONATUS. Another variety of Species 263, 
figured in the preceding plate. 


Species 279. (Mus. Cuming.) 


JONUS LUGUBRIS. Con. testd subabbreviato-conicd, supernd 
obest, transversim subtilissimé striatd, ad basin rudé 
liratd, liris paucis, distantibus, spiré elevatiusculd, 
conspicue sulcatd ; purpureo-nigrd, maculis numerosis 
parvis albis aggregatis obscuré reticulata. 

HE MOURNING Cone. Shell somewhat abbreviately 
conical, stout at the upper part, transversely very 
finely striated, rudely ridged at the base, ridges few 
and distant, spire slightly elevated, conspicuously 
grooved; purple-black, obscurely reticulated here 
and there with numerous aggregated small white 
spots. 

onus hicroglyphicus var., Kiener, Icon, coq. viv. pl. 103. 
f. 3. 

lab. 

Perfectly distinct from C. hieroglyphicus which is a 

‘anulated shell of more solid growth, and differently 

arked. The specimen here figured I have compared 

ith two equally characteristic examples in M. Gubba’s 
lection. 


y 


Species 280. (Fig. @ and 4, Mus. Gubba.) 


NUS Exism. 
basin versus subobsoleté liratd, spird rotundatd, striaté, 
apice obtusd ; fulvo-castaned, maculis numerosis albidis 
subrotundatis parvis et minutis, promiscue aggregatis, 
reticulata. 

aza’s Cone. Shell rather cylindrically conical, 
smooth, somewhat obsoletely ridged towards the 
base, spire rounded, striated, obtuse at the apex ; 
fulvous-chestnut, reticulated with numerous some- 
what rounded, small and minute whitish spots, 
promiscuously aggregated together. 

ENER, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 34. f. 1. 

Eadem nana, Conus stellatus, Kiener. 


wb. P 


A very dark fulvous-chestnut shell, distinguished by 
merous aggregations of minute whitish spots, not linear 
iculations, as in the textile group. 


Con. testi cylindraceo-conicd, levigatd, 


Species 281. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Conus pica. Con. testd ceylindraceo-ovatd, tenuiculd, 
tumidd, inflata, spird depresso-convexd, creberrimé im~ 
presso-sulcatd, apice parvo, acuté elevato, basi lineari- 
sulcatd, sulcis subdistantibus; albd, Susco-nigricante 
plus minusve grandi-maculatd et minut? punctatd. 

Tu macrie Cong. Shell cylindrically ovate, rather 
thin, swollen, inflated, spire depressly convex, very 
closely impressly grooved, apex small, acutely ele- 
vated, base linearly grooved, grooves rather distant ; 
white, minutely dotted and more or less coloured 
with large blotches of brownish black, 

Apams and Rerve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 18. pl. 5. 
f. 10. 

Conus spectrum Sumatre, Chemnitz. 

Hab. Island of Balambangan, north end of Borneo (on a 

shallow coral reef) ; Belcher. 


This is certainly distinct from the Linnean C. spectrum. 
It was found in abundance by Sir Edward Belcher at the 
above-named locality. 


Species 262. (Fig. 262 4, Mus. Gubba.) 


Conus conspersus. This species described by me in 
1843 from an indifferent specimen, in the collection of 
Mr. Gruner of Bremen, is identical with that subsequently 
named C. Verreuxii by M. Kiener. Although the original 
specimen did not furnish a very characteristic figure 
(Pl. 247. f. 262), the leading feature of the species, con- 
sisting of its being encircled throughout with fine close-set 
hair lines, was particularly dwelt upon in the description. 
The magnificent specimen here figured is from the col- 
lection of M. Gubba of Havre, and to the characters 
already given, it may be added that the interior of the 
aperture is delicately coloured with a warm flesh tint. 


Species 282. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Gubba.) 


Conus Krenert. Con. testé subfusiformi-turbinatéd, basi 
subrecurvd, levigatd, undique transversim sulcatd, sulcis 
subdistantibus, pertusis, spird striato-sulcatd ; livido- 
cinerascente, castaneo fasciatim interrupte variegatd, 
floccis opaco-albis basin versus aspersd, spird conspicué 
castaneo maculatd, aperture fauce livido-purpured. 

Krener’s Cone. Shell somewhat fusiformly turbinated 


slightly recurved at the base, transversely grooved 


June, 1849. 


CONUS.—Svprpr. Puate IX. 


throughout, grooves rather distant, pricked, spire | 


striately grooved; livid ash colour, variegated in a 
banded interrupted style with chestnut, sprinkled 
towards the base with opake-white flakes, spire con- 
spicuously spotted with chestnut, interior of the 
aperture livid purple. 

Conus Nisus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 59. f.4. (not of 
Chemnitz.) 

Conus roseus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 107. f. 4. (not of 
Lamarck.) 


Hab. ? 


I am much indebted to M. Gubba for the loan of the 
shells figured as above by M. Kiener, to whom I have the 
pleasure of dedicating the species. The essential specific 
characters of both shells are the same, and neither agrees 
with the C. Nisus of Chemnitz which represents the ceeru- 
lescent variety of C. cimerea. 


Species 283. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Conus scrrunus. Con. testdé subtrigono-turbinatd, levi 
basi subtiliter striato-sulcatd, spird elevatiusculd, tenu: 
sulcata ; pallidé coccined, anfractuum margine alba 
radiis fuscis linearibus, medio albi-fasciatd, puneti 
maculisque hieroglyphicis promiscue picta: 

Tur trim Conr. Shell somewhat triangularly turbina 
ted, smooth, finely striately grooved at the base 
spire slightly raised, finely grooved; pale scarlet 
upper edge of the whorls white, crossed with brow 
linear rays, white-banded in the middle, and promis 
cuously painted with dots and hieroglyphic spots. 


Hab. > 


It is difficult to describe the painting of this specie: 
which is extremely characteristic, the white edge of th 
whorls being divided into compartments with brown rad 
ated lines, as in many specimens of C. Algoensis. 


NOTICE. 


The author regrets to observe that at Supp. Pl. IV. the numbers of the species and figures were taken up fifty in arrear and so continu 
Sp. 287 having been printed Sp. 237. The numbers on the plates agree throughout with the numbers in the text, but the species have be 


twice numbered 2387 to 287 instead of 287 to 337. 


CONUS. 


To avoid any confusion arising out of certain errors committed in my own Monograph of this genus published 


| 1843, and in that subsequently published by M. Kiener in 1847, I have made 


a critical examination of each 


ecies. The following emendations resulting from this investigation have been aided principally by the greatly 
uarged collection of Mr. Cuming, and that of M. Gubba of Havre, who has kindly furnished me with the means 


‘examining many of M. Kiener’s specimens. 


mendations applicable to the monographs of the CONCHOLOGIA Icontca, and IcONOGRAPHIE DES COQUILLES 


VIVANTES. 


ApaMsonI, Gray. Conch. Icon. pl. 4. f. 22. 

This very beautiful species proves to have been first 
med in America, by M. Couthouy, C. Rhododendron, in 
e Annals Lyceum Nat. Hist. of New York, and figured 
the Catalogue of Dr. Jay, an eminent conchologist of 
at city. 

AMABILIs, Lamarck. Conch. Icon. pl. 11. sp. 57. 


First described in 1795 by Chemnitz, at the close of 
s great work, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. pl. 182. f. 1770-1, 
der the name C. festivus. 1 camot agree with M. Kiener 
regarding it a variety of the C. pertusus, Hwass, des- 
bed in 1792 by Bruguiére in the Encyclopédie Métho- 
ue. 

AURANTIUS, Hwass. Conch. Icon. pl. 14. f. 73. 

This species should take the name C. leucostictus first 
en to it by Gmelin, notwithstanding that the author 
afounded it afterwards with C, ammiralis as a variety. 


Crytonicus, Chemnitz; vide C. odesus. 

Ditiwynu, vide C. piperatus. 

Dux, Hwass. Conch. Icon. pl. 3. f. 13. 

First described by Born under the name C. cireumcisus, 
ompanied by a reference to Martini (Conch. Cab. vol. ii. 
5. f.571-2), whose figures were respectively named 
Gmelin C. affinis and levis. 

ELONGATUS, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. 27. f. 157. 

[his name having been applied by Chemnitz to the 


Mozambicus, of which it has priority, I propose to call 
species C. oblitus 


ERMINEUS, Born; vide C. lithoglyphus. 


FESTIVUS, Chemnitz; vide C. amabilis. 


C. 1vForMmis, Hwass. Conch. Icon. pl. 5. f. 24, 


The observations of M. Deshayes, coupled with the 
figure pl. 337. f. 8, of the Encyclopédie Méthodique, go 
far to confirm an opinion I have long entertained, that 
this shell is truly a variety of the C. elongatus, Chemnitz 
(better known as C. Mozambicus). Neither of the figures 
to which Lamarck refers in the Conchylien Cabinet, apply 
to the species. The C. spectrum Sumatre of Chemnitz 
I take to be a species collected during the voyage of the 
Samarang, to which the name C. pica has been given 
(Conch. Icon. Supp. pl. 9. f. 282). 


C. saspIpEvs, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 55. f. 2. Conch. 
Icon. Supp. pl. 3. f. 281. 


The above name cannot be retained for this species, 
having been already used by Gmelin in reference to 
Martini’s figures, Conch. Cab. vol. ii. p- 55. f.612 a, 4, 
e, d, which, however, represent three species. The species 
under consideration is extremely variable in colour, and, 
notwithstanding the very different aspect of the figures, I 
am strongly inclined to regard it as a variety of @. Loveni, 
Krauss, Sudaf. Moll. pl. 6. f. 25. 


C. Levcostictus, Gmelin; vide C. aurantius. 


C. titHoGLyPHus, Meuschen. Conch. Icon. pl. 4. f. 20. 
M. Deshayes reminds us that this species was first 


described by Born under the name C. ermineus. 


C. Lorenztanus, Chemnitz. Conch. Icon. pl. 16. f. 87. 


The shell here represented from M. Delessert’s collec- 
tion, the same figured in Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 55. 
f. 1, belongs to a well-known species which I propose to 
name C. virgatus, hitherto mistaken in this country for 
Lamarck’s C. zebra. It is more attenuated towards the 


June, 1849. 


2 CONUS. 


base than ©. Lorenzianus, according to Chemnitz, and 
never spotted round the base as in that figure, which I 
take to be a worn C. flammeus. 


C. Lovent, Krauss; vide C. jaspideus. 


C. macus, Linneus. Conch. Icon. pl. 35. f, 190. 

To this species may be added as synonymes the 
C. Indicus tenellus, Circe, and clandestinus of Chemnitz. 
M. Deshayes considers the two last distinct, but I do not 
participate in this opinion. 

C. Martrnianvs, Reeve, Conch. Icon. PL. 40. f. 217. 

Described by Gmelin under the name C. radiatus to 
which it is strictly entitled. 


C. Mozamprcus, Hwass. Conch. Icon. pl. 21. f, 118. 

Lamarck should have adopted Chemnitz’s name for 
this species, C. elongatus, when referring to his figure of 
it in the Conchylien Cabinet, as M. Deshayes has pointed 
out, and is the first to make the correction. 


CG. oprsus, Hwass. Conch. Icon. pl. 7. f. 37. 


The name C. Ceylonicus, Chemnitz, given as a synonyme 
of this species has priority of the above by four years. 
Unfortunately Bruguitre described another in the Ency- 
clopédie Méthodique named by M. Hwass, CO. Ceylanensis, 
which though not literally alike, is the same in sense. 


C. opirtus, vide C. elongatus. 


C. preeratus, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. 43. f. 230. 

This name having been employed by Dillwyn, as ex- 
plained under C. punctatus, I propose to name the species 
C. Dillwynii in honour of the author of the ‘ Descriptive 
Catalogue of Shells,’ published in 1817, who is still living 


and in the enjoyment of good health. The synonymy of 


the last century was worked out by Dillwyn, with consi- 
derable pains. 
(. prerectus, Hwass. Conch. Icon. pl. 25. f. 138. 
Described by Gmelin several years before the publica- 
tion of the Encyclopédie Méthodique under the name 
C. ochroleucus. 
C. Proteus, Hwass. Conch. Icon. pl. 40. f, 219. 
The name given to this species in the Encyclopédie 


name pu 
the name of the species under consider 
pipera 
must be altered ;—vide C. piperatus. 


Méthodique must be cancelled in favour of C. spuriu 
previously given to it by Gmelin. 


C. punctatus, Hwass. Conch. Icon. pl. 24. f, 133. 


Dillwyn, as we learn from M. Deshayes, proposed th 


name C. piperatus for this species, in consequence ‘ 
Gmelin having used it in reference to the C. augur av 
magus, confounded together. As Gmelin employed # 


netatus in error, it is scarcely worth while to chan; 
ation, but the nan 
tus which I have applied to a new species at PL.4 


C. RuopopenpRon, Couthouy ; vide C. Adamsont. 


C. Srvensts, Sowerby. Conch. Icon. pl. 15. f. 76. 
This name being pre-occupied by Gmelin I propose 


change it for C. Sowerbia 


C. vircatus, Reeve. C. zebra, Reeve (not of Lamare 
Conch. Icon. pl. 16. f.87. ¢ Lorenzianus, Ree 
Kiener (not of Chemnitz). 

The shell in M. Delessert’s collection figured by 
Kiener (Icon. coq. viv. pl. 55. f. 1),and by myself (Con 
Icon. pl. 27. f. 152) is identical with the species figu 
in error (Conch. Icon. pl. 16. f, 87) for the C. zebra, wh 
T now propose to name C. virgatus. Tt has been co 
dered identical with the C. Lorenzianus of Chemr 
(Conch. Cab. vol. xi. pl. 181. f. 1754-5), but I now as 
with Lamarck, that the figure of the Conchylien Cab 
represents the C. flammeus ; a worn specimen apparel 
but distinguished by certain blotches of colour about 
base, which are never present in C. virgatus. The n 
Lorenzianus has priority over flammeus. 


C. zpBra, Lamarck. Kiener, Icon. coq. Viv. pl. 76. f 

We are indebted to M. Kiener, and the Lamare 
collection, for the information that the C. zebra of Lam 
is the shell regarded by me as a variety of the C. st 
neus (Conch. Icon. pl. 42. f, 225 a); and the circumst 
of Lamarck arranging the C. zebra next in order to 
C. stramineus in his ‘ Anim. sans yert.,’ is a strong indice 
of the view he entertained of their close affinity. Fc 
account of the shell figured in Conch. Icon. pl. 16. f 


for the C. zebra, see C. virgatus. 


i Ses 8 SS 


Emendations applicable to the Concnoroara Icontca only. 


C. Barpapensts, Hwass. Conch. Icon. pl. 10. sp. 47. 


The shell figured by Mr. Sowerby in his Conchological 
Illustrations, f. 105, and by myself at pl. 10, proves to be 
but I doubt if the shell 


a worn specimen of C. nebulosus ; 


attributed to the C. Barbadensis in Paris, is any! 
more than a variety of C. miliaris. 
C. puxevs, Reeve, Conch. Teon. pl. 47. p. 265. 

This shell might be regarded a variety of C. ligne 


CONUS. 3 


; M. Kiener has remarked, but it is the same species 
terwards described by him under the name C. Cecilei. 


. castus, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. 47. f. 267. 

This proves to be a very delicate lemon-yellow variety 
 C. daucus, in which species the faint necklaces of minute 
ts form a very characteristic feature. 


. GRUNERI, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. 43. f. 231. 
I fear this is C. literatus in a very young state. 


,HY@NA, Hwass. Conch. Icon. pl. 24. f. 133, a,c. 
Having attributed a variety of C. punctatus to this 
ecies, the reader is referred to M. Kiener’s interpre- 
tion of it (Conch. Icon. Supp. pl. 8. f. 274), as the best 
thority. 

. Motuccernsts, Chemnitz; vide C. Stainforthii. 


.PRHTEXTUS, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Supp. pl. 2. f. 277. 
M. Kiener’s name for this new species, C. encaustus, has 
iority of mine by a few months. 


. RADIATUS, Gmelin; vide C. Martinianus. 


C. Sotanpri, Brod and Sow. Conch. Icon. pl. 4. sp. 16. 
First described by Gmelin with the name C. coccineus. 


C. Srainrorruit, Reeve. Conch. Icon. pl. 1. fig. 1. 

This fine species, as M. Kiener has pointed out, proves 
to be the C. Moluccensis, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. 
p. 63. pl. 183. f. 1780-1. 


C. t1aratus, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1833. p. 52. 
Conus minimus, var., Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. 26. 
This species differs little in form and colouring from 
C. minimus except in being designed in a more bold and 
striking manner, but as all the specimens collected by 
Mr. Cuming agree in this particular, I venture to withraw 
in favour of Mr. Broderip’s opinion. 


C. strtaatus, Hwass. Conch. Icon. pl. 45. f. 248. 

M. Kiener assigns the C. Australis of Chemnitz to this 
species; if it be really so, the name strigatus has priority 
of the former by three or four years. It was not thus 
understood by Lamarck, who describes both species inde- 
pendently. 


Emendations applicable to the [cONOGRAPHIE DES COQUILLES VIVANTES only. 


. ABBREVIATUS, Nuttall. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 45. 
M. Kiener remarks under the head of C. minimus, that 
have figured a very remarkable variety of that species 
ith the name C. abdreviatus. This interesting species, 
lected by Mr. Nuttall at one of the Sandwich Islands, is 
stouter growth and painted with isolated brown dots. 
has no indication of the narrow articulated fillets which 
variably characterize the C. minimus, 


,ALBIMACULATUS, Sowerby. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. 
pl. 83. f. 2. 

The shell which M. Kiener has taken for the C. albi- 

aculatus is a dwarf yellowish-fawn variety of C. Mindanus, 

~ which Mr. Cuming possesses specimens intermediate 

tween it and the bright red type of the species. The 

_albimaculatus has more resemblance with very young 


ecimens of C. lithoglyphus. 


.AMBIGUUS, Reeve. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 130. 
pl. 70. f. 3. 

IT do not know the shell here described and figured ; it 

not the C. ambiguus, but a very excellent representation 

‘that species appears at pl. 63, under the name C. griseus. 

either of the species figured bears any resemblance to the 

_ Largilliertii, as remarked by M. Kiener. 


. Broprririt, Reeve. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 71. f. 2. 


This is not the C. Broderipii, nor does it correspond with 
my figure of that species, of which the specimen in the 
British Museum is the only one known to me. M. Kiener’s 
figure represents, to all appearance, an immature specimen 
of C. Tinianus, or aurora. 


C. Brueureret, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 56. f. 2. 

T have always considered, with Bruguitre, that this is a 
variety of his C. Jamaicensis, and see no reason to change 
that opinion. C.Jamaicensis has been regarded as a 
variety of C. Mediterraneus ; it is a more swollen stouter 
shell, but the detail of pattern is the same. 


C. canpipus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 214. pl. 97. f. 1. 


The shell here described from M. Largilliert’s collection, 
and for the sight of which I am indebted to M. Gubba, is 
a small discoloured specimen of the C. monilifer. 


C. caRINATUS, Swainson. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 112. 

M. Kiener presumes my C. wstulatus, Conch. Icon. pl. 
44, f. 239, to be a variety of this shell. It is perfectly 
distinct. Mr. Cuming possesses three specimens of 
different sizes in the finest possible condition, collected by 


him at the Philippine Islands. 


C. castaNngEvs, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 209. pl. 104. f. 3. 
Having minutely examined this shell, in the collection of 


4 CONUS. 


M. Gubba, I have no hesitation in saying that it is a very 
highly coloured specimen of the C. cingulatus. 


C. Cucorxet, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 98. f. 4. and pl. 107. 
f. 3. 


This was first described by me as a new species under 
the name C. dureus, but I now incline to regard it a variety 
of the C. lignarius. 


C. crrrinvs, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 59. f. 5. and pl. 78. 
f. 4. 


The name citrinus was originally employed by Gmelin 
in reference to a figure of Martini, Conch. Cab. vol. ii. pl. 61. 
f. 681, which may or may not be C. lividus, young. Of 
the shells figured under this name by M. Kiener, one 
(pl. 59) appears to be a C. Tinianus or aurora, the other 
(pl. 78) is the young of a bright yellow variety of C. vex- 
illum, already figured at pl. 66, of the same work under 
the name C. sulphuratus, and of which similar varieties 
oceur in C. Sumatrensis. 


C. cmiess, Hinds. 

M. Kiener has copied my figure of this shell, notwith- 
standing that I expressed my fears of its being only a young 
C. terebellum enveloped in its dark olive epidermis. Such 
it has proved to be. 


Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 51. f. 3. 


C. coccrus, Reeve. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 107. 

The shells here figured represent the true C. stramineus 
of Lamarck. <A pale specimen of C. cocceus is figured as 
a new species at pl. 89, under the name C. decrepitus. 


C. conusrinus, Lamarck. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 82. 


M. Kiener’s figure of this species, which may be the true 
interpretation of it, represents a worn discoloured specimen 
of a variety of C.canonicus. The species regarded in this 
country as Lamarck’s C. colubrinus is that which M. Kiener 
figures in the same plate as a variety of his C. rudiginosus. 


C. creTaceus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 99.f. 1. 

This shell, which I have carefully examined in the col- 
lection of M. Gubba of Havre, is a bleached specimen of 
the C. Mindanus. 


C. pacryLosus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 97. f. 2. 

T have always regarded this shell, of which Mr. Cuming 
possesses specimens, as a minutely reticulated variety 
of the C. clavus, and see no reason to alter that opinion. 


C. pecreritus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 99. f. 4. 

This shell which I have examined in the collection of 
M. Gubba of Havre, is a faintly coloured specimen of my 
C. cocceus. The specimens figured by M. Kiener for 
that species at pl. 107, represent the type of Lamarck’s 
C. stramineus in fine condition. 


C. Dupontt, Kiener, Icon, coq. viv. pl. 61. f. 2. 

T have not seen this shell, but have little doubt of i 
being my C. Grayi, of which there are three specimens i 
the British Museum. 


C. prYTHR#HENSIS, Beck. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 71 


This figure does not represent the species intendec 
which is invariably characterized by its very decided hiere 
glyphical spots, mostly flowing together in places so as t 
resemble bands. C. puncticulatus appears to be the specie 
here represented ; such varieties are not uncommon. 


C. ncnruatus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 105. f. 2. 

The shell figured under this name is a small whit 
variety of the C. verrucosus of which Mr. Cuming possesse 
several specimens, 


C. FLAVESCENS, Gray. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 196. 

The specimen figured by M. Kiener under the aboy 
name at pl. 68, appears to be a C. cardinalis. The specie 
is correctly illustrated at pl. 92 of the same work. It he 
no relation with the C. emarginatus. 


C. pxaratus, Reeve. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 72. f. 6 
This is not C. ewaratus; the figure here intended to 1 
lustrate that species represents a well-known dwarf variet 


of C. interruptus. 


C, ruLMEN, Reeve.  C. ¢estudinarius var., Kiener. 

M. Kiener regards this species a variety of C. destud 
narius. My. Cuming collected several specimens similar] 
marked at the Philippine Islands, whilst the C. ¢estwdine 


rius is from the Cape de Verd Islands. 


C. FuMIGATUS, Hwass. 
In speaking of the characters of this species, M. Kiene 
observes that C. incarnatus and Orion are varieties. M 
Cuming possesses specimens of all three species in differer 
stages of growth, which show they are totally distinct. 


Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. f. 104. 


C. GapriE it, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 74. f. 4. 
This is the C. cinereus in fine condition, of which speci 
M. Kiener’s figures at pl.46, are not very characteristi 


C. cranartus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 98. f. 1. 


This beautiful shell, which through the kindness | 
M. Gubba I have had an opportunity of examining, is 
fine C. archon, similar to that figured by M. Kiener ¢ 
pl. 75. f. 3, approaching hard on C. cedo-nulli, into whic 
species there is an easy transition. 


C. ertseus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 114. pl. 63. f. 2. 


The shell here figured represents the true C. ambiguu 
Conch. Icon. pl. 33. sp. 244, of which specimens are no 
known in good condition. I cannot offer any opinion o 


CONUS. 4) 


1e shell figured by M. Kiener for ©. ambiguus at pl. 70, 
xcept that it is not the species intended. 


. GuBBA, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 104. f. 1. 
This is a very dark variety of C. Bernardi, distinguished 
y a few small light patches characteristic of that species. 


. HIEROGLYPHICUS, Duclos. 
p. 181. 

M. Kiener has correctly illustrated this species at pl. 73, 
ely granulated and violet-coloured in the aperture, but 
e shell figured as a variety of it at pl. 103, is quite 
other thing. Mr. Cuming has recently obtained a spe- 
nen; I have also examined two specimens in the col- 
tion of Mr. Gubba of Havre, and propose to name it 
lugubris, Conch. Icon. Supp. pl. 9. sp. 280. 


Kiener, Icon, coq. viv. 


Inscriptus, Reeve. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 105. f. 3. 
This is not my C. inscriptus, nor does it resemble my 
ure of that very characteristic species either in form or 
marking. I have not seen the shell here represented 
ich may be, probably, C. Guinaicus. 


INFLATUS, Sowerby. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 71. f. 3. 
The figure which M. Kiener gives under this name has 

resemblance with Mr. Sowerby’s, and is apparently 
Tinianus. 1 can neither identify Mr. Sowerby’s figure nor 
tain any information of the species. 


Lorotsit, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 65. f. 1. 


[ cannot regard this shell, which is very well-known to 
, to be anything more than a variety of the C. figulinus. 


MaGpELEN®, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 69. f. 4. 
This shell I have not had an opportunity of examining, 
; the figure is manifestly one of C. floccatus. 


ManoGant, Reeve. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 171. 

M. Kiener remarks that this species approximates to 
C. zebra and is also allied to the C. interruptus. Of the 
er I fear it may be a variety, but it has little or no 


ution with the former. 


Mavritianus, Lamarck, Enc. Méth. pl. 330. f. 9. 
Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 69. f. 2. 

it is extremely probable that this species has been 
nded upon a variety of C. puncticulatus. 


Micuetst, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 103. f. 1. 

Chis shell I have not seen, but there can’be little doubt 
ts being a richly coloured variety of C. musicus, of which 
. Cuming possesses specimens. 


Neptunus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 133. 
t is much to be regretted that M. Kiener does not pay 
an Occasional visit, in order to make himself acquainted 


with the many species described in this country of which 
there are no specimens on the continent. In attempting to 
illustrate the C. Neptunus, an extremely characteristic 
species, and one of the unique gems of the Cumingian col- 
lection, M. Kiener has figured, at pl. 92 of his work, a 
worn C. acuminatus; with a view to correct this he has 
figured, at pl. 99, a small specimen of a well-known varlety 
of the C. dmadis; and in dilating upon its specific cha- 
racter, he compares it with the C. yeneralis with which it 
has no affinity whatever. 
C. Noprrerus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 100. f. 4. 

T have not had an opportunity of seeing this shell, but 
I doubt if it is anything more than a fine specimen of the 
C. verrucosus. 
C. Nisus, Chemnitz. 

This is not the C. Nisus but a new species, of which a 
variety is figured at Pl. 107, under the name roseus, already 
occupied by Lamarck. Chemnitz’ C. Nisws appears to be a 
C. cinereus (var. C. cerulescens). 


Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 59. f. 4. 


The species under con- 
sideration, of which I have examined M. Kiener’s speci- 
mens, I propose to name C. Kieneri, Conch. Icon. Supp. 
pl. 9. f. 283. 
C. nux. Brod. 

To this species, M. Kiener remarks, may be referred the 
C.nanus and maculiferus as varieties. Respecting the 
first of these it may be somewhat a matter of opinion, but 
the last is a totally different shell, of much lighter growth 
and of a different design of painting. 


Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. 


C. pannicuLus, Lamarck. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 87. 
M. Kiener gives a very different interpretation of this 
species from that which we have regarded to be the true 
one, and of which there is no representation in his mono- 
graph. The figure under consideration is the true C. absas 
and perfectly agrees with the illustration of that species in 
the preceding plate. 
C. Partus, Reeve. 
M. Kiener has correctly illustrated this species at pl. 60. 
The shell figured as a variety of it at pl. 103, is a new 


Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 60. 


species of which Mr. Cuming possesses several specimens : 

C. collitus, Supp. pl. 8. f. 273. 

C, pastinaca, Lamarck. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 26. 
This is not the shell which I take to be the C. pastinaca, 

of which there are two specimens in the British Museum 

in fine fresh condition, one partially covered with a thick 

fibrous epidermis. 

C. pusttLus, Chemnitz. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 43. 
The shell here figured appears to be a dwarf variety of 

the C. catus or interruptus. The species is correctly illus- 


trated at pl. 55, f. 7. M. Kiener has noticed this error. 


6 CONUS. 


(. pusrunatus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 101. f. 2. 

Having examined this shell in the collection of M. Gubba, 
I find it to be a small dark variety of M. Kiener’s C. papil- 
losus, vepresented at pl. 72. f. 4. 


C. Reeve, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 44.f. 2. 
This shell, to which M. Kiener his paid me the com- 
pliment of attaching my name, is, I fear, a variety of 


C. Senator. It is certainly not my C. punctatus, var. 


C. roseus, Kiener, (not of Lamarck). Icon. coq. Viv. 

pl. 107. f. 4. 

The name rosews being not only an inappropriate one 
for this species, but already occupied by Lamarck, T pro- 
pose to name it after the author of the Iconographie, 
C. Kieneri. The shell figured by M. Kiener at pl. 59, 
f. 4. for C. Nisus of Chemnitz is another variety of the same. 
Through the kindness of M.Gubba I am able to figure 
both these specimens at Supp. pl. 9. sp. 283, a and 0. 


©. rosEus, Lamarck. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. 


M. Kiener states that I have figured a C. lividus for the 
C. roseus, but a comparison of our figures will show that 
the species was perfectly well known to me. The specimen 
represented in the Conchologia Tconica is not in such 
good condition as that of the Tconographie coq. viv., but 
it is a true example of the species. 
©. scataris, Valenciennes. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 88. 

This species [ have not seen, but the figure is so like 
the fusiform variety of C. acutangulus that I cannot forbear 
suggesting the comparison. 


}. Stvensts, Sowerby. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 143. 

Dlewisledtnles 

M. Kiener arranges the C. Sinensis next in order to the 
C. cingulatus, with the remark that the species ought to be 
united in one. The shell described and figured is not the 
C. Sinensis, but truly a rather sharply acuminated specimen 
of C. cingulatus. The name C. Sinensis having been used 
by Gmelin, I propose to change it, in reference to the 
present species, for C. Sowerbit. 


CG. spHACELATUS, Sow. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 17. 
M. Kiener remarks, in his observations on C. nebulosus, 
that Mr. Sowerby’s C. sphacelatus is merely a young 


individual of that species. It is quite distinct. 


©, srettatus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 99. f. 3. 

I believe this to be the young or dwarf state of M. 
Kiener’s C. Elise, both of which I have examined and 
figured at Supp. pl. 8. f. 275. 

C. sTRIATUS, var. 

This shell is a well-known variety of the C. gudernator. 


Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 47. f. 1, 4. 


©. susutatus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 92. f. 6. 

This figure appears to represent a variety of the C. acu- 
leiformis. Should it prove to be a new species the above 
name cannot be retained, as M. Kiener has already usec 
it in reference to another species at pl. 70. 


©. surpHuratus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 130. pl. 66 

This shell figured by M. Kiener under the above nami 
at pl. 66 of his work, and again under the name C. citri 
nus at pl. 78, is the young of a well-known bright yelloy 
variety of C. vewillum. Mr. Sowerby figured it in hi 
Illustrations as the young of C. mustelinus. 


C. raprpus, Reeve. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 66. f. 2. 
The shell here figured appears to be a C. mus; it i 


certainly not my C. tabidus, in Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


©. rerminus, Lamarck. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 48. 
M. Kiener introduces this species as a synonyme | 
C. gubernator. The shell upon which this observation 
founded, represented at f.1d, is truly a C. gubernato 
The ©. terminus is quite another species, though vel 
similar in general aspect. It appears to be little know 
on the continent. 
©. rornatus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 59. f. 5. 
This shell is not the species intended, but a C. inte 
ruptus. C. tornatus is very closely allied to C. interrupt 
but a different type from the one here represented. 


C. venuLatus, Hwass. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 18 
pl. 69. f. 1. 

The well-known C. nivosus of Lamarck has be 
hitherto attributed to this species, and I doubt if | 
Kiener’s figure gives a better interpretation. Tt loc 
as if it were copied from another figure or from a specim 


in bad condition. 


©. Verrevxtt, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 60. f. 5. 

This species is my C. conspersus, of which M. Kie 
has copied at Pl. 88. f. 2, the figure in Conch. Teon. tal 
at the time from an indifferent specimen, the only « 
known to me, received from M. Gruner of Bremen. | 
an illustration of this species in fine state, see Con 
Icon. Supp. pl. 9. 


C. unpatus, Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 142. pl. 93. f. 2 
This shell is certainly a variety of C. cingulatus, thor 
differmg in general aspect from that which M. Kie 
figures at Pl. 93. f. 2, as the type of the species. — 
C. castaneus is another variety. 
C. votuminatts, Hinds. LKiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 
The shell here represented is not the species intenc 
nor is the G. voluminalis at all like the C. Proteus. 71 
figure has the appearance of a pale C. stramineus. 


CONUS. 


~ 


Emendations applicable to M. Deshayes’ notes in ANIMAUX SANS VERTEBRES. 


ueuR, Hwass. Conch. Icon. pl. 2. f. 7. 


do not think, with M. Deshayes, that this name 
ld be abandoned in favour of C. punctatus, under which 
Gmelin confounded C. augur and magus together. 


umreatus, Hwass. Anim. sans vert. vol. xi. p. 86. 


ecording to the synonymy of Dillwyn and Lamarck, 
species is entitled to the name C. coffea, given to it 
mmelin, but the figure in Martini, Conch. Cab. vol. ii. 
6. f. 618, to which that author refers, is an extremely 
tful one. 


tvipus, Hwass. Conch. Icon. pl. 38. f. 211. 


[. Deshayes states (Anim. sans vert. vol, xi. p. 31, note) 


that this species was first established by Gmelin under 
the name C. citrinus. The figure in Martini upon which 
it is founded is a very obscure one, and may or may not 
be a C. lividus, whilst an undoubted figure of C. lividus is 
referred to by the same author to illustrate var. 4, of 
C. rusticus, which is C. cinerea. 


©. nepuLosus, Solander. Conch. Icon. pl. 10. f. 51. 


M. Deshayes says, “It is certain that this species was 
first named by Gmelin C. lewcostictus.” It is the C. au- 
rantius of the Encyclopédie Méthodique to which Gmelin 
applied that name, as may be seen on reference to the 
excellent figures of Martini and Gualter, to which he 
refers. 


ve i its hie . ni jh * 


4 4k Sth us Ti . * ito? (ideale 
cia 8 ab anim ae 4 os Alaina 


GOA Bint iii lie Gon Cp 


ATM ce Hf ! fis MERE} 


ii ae yee | 
ade. ae le) iH a) 
’ Yai ey i}, ea) ( 
ifefibed ute od ANitio) hive el 
De a 
yeh Ab Vhs Billi 


hit 


te 


‘if 


at 
hi 


i) ‘ 


dy 


q 


Plate 
mipbas, Hwass .........- XXVIII. & XXXII. 
abbreviatus, Nuttall .......... XVI. 
achatinus, Chemnitz .........-- XXXV. 
aculeiformis, Reeve............  MLIV. 
acuminatus, Hwass...........- XXXI. 
acutangulus, Chemnitz ....--.. XXXVII. 
cobic@s (R00) 66 cboouces oGoe IV. 
Adansoni, Lamarck...... XXXVI. & XLII 
Bemis, eeuer clei sfeeisis\\<1s1-1«/¢ XLVI. 
albimaculatus, Sowerby ........ XXVII. 
Algoensis, Sowerby.....-.-.--- XXVII. 
alveolus, Sowerby ......-. XLII. 
amabilis, Lamarck ,........... le 
(Amadis, Martini..........-... XLI. 
Bmibiguus, Mecvel......-.-+.-- XLIV. 
ammiralis, Linneus.......--..- Ill. 
apemone, Lamarck...........- XXV. 
Bplustre, Reeve .............. XXX. 
@raneosus, Hwass .......-.-.-: VIII. 
Arausiensis, Chemnitz.........- XX. 
archiepiscopus, Hwass ........ XUI. 
sxchon, Broderip:.......--..--- VI. 
arcuatus, Broderip............ XV. 
BREN ALIS. LASS sale iveile © ecie oe: XVII. 
artoptus, Sowerby ............ XIII. 
SIG, WEEN G5 coghee opcoar XVIII. 
attenuatus, Reeve XLVII. 
TID, TBIDIESS Boe ano be O8G0I0K Il. 
BILICUS, LIRNCUS <7 010. 02'ce oe +0 XXIV. 
BOTATICLUSs ) ELIUASS ie eteleleiel oi ckel 1-11 = XIV. 
auratus, Lamarck XXV. 
URRY Vaan pocode coed code XXXVI. 
auricomus, Hwass ............ XAXVI. 
auricomus, Lamarck .......... XXXVI. 
aurisiacus, Linneus............ V. 
BENCOTAs IL GINGNCHs aleist vie) eel ciss t=) el XII. 
australis, Chemnitz ............ IV. 
eetICUS; LLCEUES « ccs cee scm ces XLII. 
balteatus, Sowerby ............ XVI. 
Bandanus, Hwass ..........+- VII. 
Barbadensis (?), Hwass ........ X. 
betulinus, Linn@us........-.-- XII. 
iBroderipu, Reeve.............- XLVI 
brunneus, Wood..........<- Se OLE 
bulbus, Reeve ...............- XXX. 
Ports: LanCCUSE e)ei-\-lolel-l> 11 XVII. 


CONUS. 


[Temporary Index. ] 


Species 
162 buxeuss Meevemcleiiecysclectstoe 
86 ceelebs, Hinds...... : 
191 cerulescens, Lamarck .......... 
240 Caledonicus, Hwass .........- 
173 CalifornicussHindsecisecieeee: 
200 canaliculatus, Chemnitz ...... 
22 cancellatus, Lamarck .......... 
193 CANONICUSs LIWASS seer eeraetelelercl= 
256 capitaneus, Linn@us .......... 
ay Cardinalis, EH wassimeeseeralbere te 
149 carinatus, Swainson........+-+- 
225 CAStUISHAVCEUE! cieterei-1s) clerelcte erereneke 
57 Catus we hiwassmaece onic 
222 Cela, HEI 3 pGccnc bon be 
244 Centuriow Horas aera eeiererie IV 
11 CELVUS QManch arrears cos orion 
139 CETOUSs SOM ELD i eyo! tele slo eietekete = 
170 Ceylanensis, Hwass.......-.--- 
44 Ceylonicus, Chemnitz .......... 
114 characteristicus, Chemnitz .....- 
223 cinctus, Swainson ...........- 
35 CINELEUS;| LLWASSI sof. scree oisies ol olds 
77 cingulatus, Lamarck .........- 
92 cingulatus, Sowerby .....-.-+- 
71 classiarius, Hwass .......-...- 
99 bine, OEMs seogonenceoous 
263 (lent IHyahe oosacacenn oncons 
7 GOCCEUS) CCEUEH cies eteleeionete re 
134 colubrinus, Lamarck ........ ze 
73 Columba, L7wass) oe ceitetecnersle!= 
141 concinnus, Broderip ........++ 
196 concolor, Sowerby ....-.-++--- 
194 consors, Sowerby..........+--- 
196 conspersus, RECUEH eicthats sA,0Sertns 
29 costatus, Chemnitz ............ 
62 crepusculum, Reeve.......++--- 
19 crocatus, Lamarck ............ 
226 cuneolus, Reeve .......0+4 
88 cylindraceus, Broderip ......-- 
43 Ghinenen (GME aa oooaccgcoDor 
47 Delessertianus, Recluz ........ 
67 Deshayesii, Reeve ...........- 
954 Ghigtinsy Te fb0KO a5 acoocooo once 
72 GU ELWASSiereiejateiel oie is Sfeaep ae tees 
169 Eburmeuss kl Wasser cietevere era eiele 


93 elongatus, Reeve......... O00 


Plate 
XLVIL. 
XIII. 
XLI. 
XXIII. 
XLII. 
Ke 
XXX. 
XXIX. 
XI. 
XVIII. 
XXXI. 
XLVII. 
XV. 
IX. 


. & XXVIII. 


XXII. 
V. 
XXXVII. 
VII. 
XXIX. 
XXIII. 
XLI. 
XXVII. 
IV. 
XXNIII. 
XXXVI. 
XLII. 
XLII. 
XXII. 
XVIII. 
XXVII. 
XLIV. 
XXI. 
XLVII. 
XVIII. 
XLY. 

I. 
XXXVII. 
XVI. 
XX. 
XXXIX,. 
We 
XXXI. 
Ill. 
XIX. 
XXVII. 


Elventinus, Duclos ............ 
emarginatus, Reeve.........-.. 
episcopus, Lamarch........+++. 
epistomium, Reeve 
erythrxensis, Beck 


exaratus, Reeve 
fabula, Sowerby 
Ferrugineus, Hwass........... 
figulinus, Linneus 
flammeus, Lamarck 
EMESIS (CH) SAGoGa0K80000C 
flavidus, Lamarck 
floccatus, Sowerby 
Franciscanus, Hwass .......... 
fulrnen Peeve err aeatetore ror er 
fumigatus, Hwass 
furvus, Reeve 
fUISCALUS DONS sceleel eee cree 
Sustigatus, Hwass 

generalis, Linneus 


eee tet encore 


a occ 


a 


genuanus, Linn@us............ 
geographus, Linneus 
gladiator, Broderip............ 
PAbWORS Je So Gec0 Gon6 soca oe 
glaucus, Linneus 
gloria-maris, Chemnitz 
Erethines GRU Sondss.e5anese 
granulatus, Linneus 
granulatus, Martini............ 
(Gravis eecvenmrererciert/siciereeiiorer 
Griineri, Reeve 
gubernator, Hwass............ 
Guinaicus, Hwass 
Hebraus, Linn@us ............ 
hieroglyphicus, Duclos ..... 

RY ENG. TAWASS 02) -) wisieyae ts ens 
imperialis, Linn@us...........- 
incarnatus, Reeve 
informis, Hwass 
AUIS CKIPLRS, PVCEVE mais eierajote =) ve 
intermedius, Reeve........... 
interruptus, Broderip 
interruptus, Wood ............- 
iodostoma, Reeve.............: 
Jamaicensis, Lamarck.......... 


i 


DANUSH LIONS Suara ere eae 
lacteus;, amarchac 1s) sce ce see 

lapidius, Chemnitz 
lautus, Reeve ,. : 
levatus amar Chere eee eee 
lentiginosus, Reeve............ 
leoninns; Alwasse Ayes crs ve eles 


lignarius, Reeve 


CONUS. 


Plate Species 
XX. 115 
XLIII. 232 
XXXIV. 189 
XLII. 227 
XXIV. 137 
XLIV. 238 
XXVI. 147 
XXXVI. 197 
XXVIII. 160 
XXVII. 152 
XXX. 168 
XXXVIII. 207 
III. 14 
XXXIX. 216 
XXXIX. 215 
XXIV. 135 

ING ie I, Che) 
XXXII. 184 
XVII. 94 
X. 48 

XV. 81 
XXIII. 130 
XXII. 127 
XXVI. 145 
II. 10 
VI.& Vignette. 31 
XXV. 140 
Vis 27 
XXXVII. 201 
XLVI. 258 
XLII. 231 
XII. 59 
XXXIV. 187 
XIX. 104 
XVHI. 101 
XXIV. 133 
XII. 60 
XLI. 221 
We 24 
XXIX. 164 
XXIII. 129 
XXII. 125 
XLI. 58 
XXVIII. 159 
XVI. 89 
VI. 33 
XLII. 234 
I. 4 
XLVI. 255 
XVI. 85 
XLIV 245 
Vic 26 
XXIV 136 


lineatus, Chemnitz .... 


liratus, Reeve ....... 
literatus; Hann@us® 22 s.o-os oss 
lithoglyphus, Meuschen 


| lividus Earass=) see eee 
| lividus, Chemnitz 


Lorenzianus, Chemnitz 


|. (aE NUCWGIS ooH og oceo on bode 


luteus, Broderip 
maculiferus, Sowerby 
maculosus, Sowerby........-..- 
Madurensis (?), Hwass 
Map MIN CUS vCEVE = eerie ee 


MES IL NPGS Sons Gpoocass.ot 
MaAbOSANI LECUC N= ar s)ite eee 
Malaccanus, Hwass .......... 
Meailldivusshiinsse eerie ier 
marchionatus, Hinds 
marmoreus, Linneus 
Martinianus, Reeve.........-.. 
Mediterraneus, Hwass.. . 

melancholicus, Lamarck........ 
MELCALOT LANIICUSI OL Se eine ee 
Metcalf; sfeeenen. ys sere aero 
miles, Linneus 
miliaris, Hwass 
millepunctatus, Chemnitz 
millepunctatus, Lamarck 
Mindanus, Hwass 
minimus, Linneus 


weet te ee te ee 


ee ees es meee 


minutus, Reeve 
mien, Jes cooas pa pooo es 
modestus, Sowerby ...........- 
monachus, Linn@us............ 
Monies AWASS eee ee eke eee 


MONIUMET, BLOCETID 1. sles a ee 
Mozambicus, Hwass 
mucronatus, Reeve 


muriculatus, Sowerby .......... 
MUS) FLIGASS Om Se aie eo ere ee eroete 
muscosus, Lamarck...-.....-.. 
MUSICUS:) /HILASS ae es ee 
musivum, Broderip ...........- 
mustelinus; Alwass'.... 22.2... 
Manus; Broderip lieve: =... = ole 
Narcissus, Lamarck 

nebulosus, Solander............ 
Nemocanus, Hwass............ 
ING TAIN, HAGE 60 go 50 vances 
Nicobaricus, Hwass............ 
nimbosus, Hwass.. . 

ovnGWe IMA. 6 Gane op bone oooe 


Plate 


XXIII. 
XLVII. 
XXXII. 
IV. 
XXXVIII. 
XLI. 
XXVII. 
XI. 
XVII. 
XVIII. 
XXV. 
XLIV. 
VI. 
XXXYV. 
XXII. 
IN 
XXXII. 
XIII. 
XIV. 
XL. 
XVI. 
XXI. 
XVI. 
XXXVI. 
10E 
XXXVI. 
KX. 
XXXII. 
XX. 
XXVI. 
XLVII. 
XVIII. 
XLI. 
XXII. 
XII. 
XXVI. 
XXT. 
XXXVII. 
XX. 
XIX. 
XXIX. 
XX. 
XVI. 

VI. 
XLV. 
XXVII. 
XXVII. 
X. 
XXVIII. 
VIZ 

VIII. 
XIII. 
XLVI. 


Species 
131 
268 
183 

20 
211 
220 
152 


meen, Broderip......::--.-.- 
Ryosus, Wamarck.........-.-6 
PCS LANNCUS anc sores nore ste 
locturnus, Hwass ........... 
Nussatella, Linneus ......... 
ESOP DTOCETUD) 9 elerdiels ois 5 04 oo) 
IERUISS) El 10S Se ap ey or estevo lear wo ocey 8 
ybscurus, Humphreys .......... 
chroleucus, Gmelin ......... 
MMIAICUS; ELWASS) toy a4 cia aeV2 
PAGAL EE IUASS ete the ms) coasjocs ears 
Mrbignyi, Ardowin ........... 
MpItAGUS, LLCCUe. ss <a <ieae ere ses 
ON, Hl) Googpo se aeons 


agodus, Chenu .. 


anniculus, Lamarck ......... 
apilionaceus, Hwass ......... 
BREUIISN TRCCUC, By Ney y NG shed east eteke sss 
astinaca, Lamarck........... 
PBBRICLUS, LLGNGS) cite ee ciel cule ks 
auperculus, Sowerby .....+..-- 
ellis-hyene, Chemnitz ........ 
ennaceus, Lamarck.......... : 
EMANISUS), ELUASS Y= its si0s0 ate. 36 602 
BETISS, FLECUC wisi sj aicjeerelatse aGe 
mperatus, Reeve .............- 


lanicostatus, Sowerby 


| HGDey ITI So mogoee Ooboe 
umbeus, Reeve............. 
jolyzonias, Gmelin........... 
yontificalis, Lamarck ......... 
Porto-Ricanus, Hwass.... .... 


refectus, Hwass 


elatus, Hwass.......... 137 
winceps, Linneus ..........- 
Prometheus, Hwass........-.. 
SEOLCUS; EWwaSS >. sts sca cle aeeles 
yseudo-Thome, Chemnitz ..... 
wulchellus, Sowerby......-.--- 
pulchellus, Swainson .........- 
miliearius, Hwass .256...++s- 
punctatus, Chemnitz .......-. 
puncticulatus, Hwass......... 
puncturatus, Hwass...-....--. 
purpurascens, Broderip ........ 


pusillus, Chemnitz . 


PeEROMPLUAINATCKS 2 calm e's) <is sie + «10 
pygmezus, Reeve............. 
pyriformis, Reeve? ............ 
meestor, (uamarck .f.........- 


quercinus, Hwass 


radiatus, Chenu ............. 
ranunculus, Lamarck ......... 


Plate 


XXXVI. 
XXXVI. 


IV. 
XXVII. 
XXV. 
XXX. 
XXXI. 


XXXIV. 


XUIII. 
XLVI. 
XIII. 
XX. 
XXIV. 
XXXII. 
We 
XVIII. 
XLUT. 
VE 


XXXVI. 


XLVI. 


XXXVI. 


IV. 


XXXIX. 


XXV. 


XVII. 


XX. 
XLVI. 
XIX. 
XXVII. 
XVI. 
XLVII. 
XIII. 
XXIX. 
XXVI. 


XXXVII. 


XXXV. 


CONUS. 


Species 
195 
195 

9 


42 
56 
110 
37 
82 
138 
50 
177 
17 
156 
142 
171 
176 
188 
235 
257 
63 
108 


raphanus, Hwass...........-.. 
Tattusy WLaManckawsee sens sie > 
regalitatis, Sowerby............ 
regius, Chemmlta avs. si. + 
Tepularisy SOWeUy in. «14412 3124) 
reticulatus, Sowerby .......... 
rosaceus, Chemnitz.......... 
| roseuss Lamancie sa sc asecines 
rubiginosus, Lamarck ......... 
TUstiCcuss WANMeUS! ye sce 

HuUtiluss Venenmerecisceracicein 
St. Thome, Chemnitz.......... 
Scalptuswvecvel imi -pereiieciee 
Senator, Linn@us............. 
Siamensis, Hwass .......... 


sindon, Reeve .... 


Sinensis, Sowerby .......... 
Solandri, Broderip ........... 


solidus, Sowerby ...... 
spectrum, Linn@us ....... 


sphacelatus, Sowerby ......... 
splendidulus, Sowerby......... 


Stainforthii, Reeve ........... 

stercus-muscarum, Linn@us .... 
stramineus, Lamarck ........ 
Stratus Lines. 4. eel eee 


strigatus (?), Lamarck..... 


sugillatus,: Meeve io. 2+ sas. eae 
sulcatus: Ewass) <1. oi - 22s exes 
Sumatrensis, Lamarck ...... 
Suratensis, Hwass ..........- 
suturatus, Reeve .......-..-- 
tabidus:; -feeve.s ad sleais cuinciens > 2 
feeniatus, Hwuss’. 2 420.26 wee ss.- 
Taheitensis, Hwass.........- 
fendineusi Mwass eds + cicciehetee 
terebellum, Martini ......... 
ferebra, BOTDy 4) <\s.cls e\- cl sieis!i= 
terebra, Chemnitz .........-.. 
terminus, Lamarck ...........«. 
tessellatus!) Borhins ¢. (ec cee 
testudinarius, Martint........ 
textiles Ann@us eis cii sic 12 eis) <l- 
thalassiarchus, Gray ........ 
tiaratus, Broderip ........+- 
Timorensis, Hwass......... 
SRinianisspElwass ertenel oie te 
tornatus, Broderip .........- 
CRISCISSRIVEEU Cynara fella mater ohetisic 
trochulus, Reeve......... eferrile 
tulipa,, Gamarck.. oe). <<) sel 
ustulatus, Reeve .......... 06 


Plate 

XXXV. 

XV. 
XL. 
VII. 
XXVI. 
XI. 

XII. 
XXXII. 
XXXII. 
XUI. 
XLVII. 
X. 
XXXVII. 
XXXVI. 
XXIX. 
XLITL. 
XV. 

IV. 


NG 

XVII. 
XLII. 
XXXII. 
XLV. 
XLY. 
XVIII. 
III. 

IV. 
XLV. 
XLIV. 
XIX. 
XV. 

XI. 

Vil. 
VII. 

XI. 

Vil. 
XXVIII. 
XXXIX. 


XXXVIIJ. 


Je 
XXVI. 
XX. 
XLII. 


XLV. 


XLIV. 


Species 
190 
78 
218 
36 
146 
52 
62 
186 
177 
220 
264 
50 
203 
197 
166 
233 


CONUS. 


Plate Species 
Ves JSDAMAID 50 600e0000000C XII. & XLI. 58 
venulatus, Hwass XXXVI. 195 
vermiculatus, Lamarck XIX. 104 
Verricullum), MeEvVe wo. .oc ec ces - XXXVIII. 208 
verrucosus, Lamarck .......... XXXVII. 201 
vespertinus, Humphreys........ XX. lll 
vexillum, Martini ............ le 3 
vicarius, Lamanck ............ MxxVill. 210 
WACO BRON 39 005 0000 ac0c ne 5 
Wictorice, pcevelmerac ese XXXVII. 202 


Cee eC) & eye 


Q 


CMe oleic) heel e) eMeNe) (ele) (9) (el Gi el Nel ee! 


Plate Species 
Vidua, Mecver ene creneneicecce Vill. 45 
WONG, IMARVE ogg oons pa0cKe XLIV 241 
VY 30, JUNTA as cagosacec0cs XXI. 119 
viridulus, Lamarck ............ XXXIII. 182 
THEME ILS saosascdqoos | BTV, 75 
Vitwlinus  ewassienssiieeeiceieees XXIII. 132 
voluminalis, Hinds ............ XXXVII. 206 
UUIPINUS, EL WASS| /<2.2 50 secs = «= XXXVI. 197 
ZEDEASLLAMANCK Worac ere eee XVI. 87 
POEVAS JEUES soonceasnocosec I 4 


Critical Analysis of Species rejected. 


. alveolus, Sowerby (C. Illus.), is C. stramineus. 

. asper, Lamarck (Anim. sans vert.), is C. sulcatus. 

. aspersus, Sowerby (Conch. Illus.), is C. testudinarius. 
. auricomus, Hwass (Enc. Méth.), is C. clavus. 

. auricomus, Lamarck (Anim. sans vert.), is C. aureus. 
. bicolor, Sowerby (Conch. Mlus.), is C. Proteus. 

. castrensis, Gould (Pro. Bost. N.H.S.), unknown to me. 
. ceerulescens, Lamarck (Anim. s. v.), is C. cinereus, var. 
. cervus, Sowerby (Conch. Illus.), is C. Deshayesii. 

. cinctus, Swainson (Zool. llus.), is C. pulchellus, var. 
. cingulatus, Sowerby (App. Tank. Cat.),is C. Adamsoni. 
. discrepans, Sowerby (Conch. Mlus.), unknown to me. 
. dispar, Sowerby (Conch. Ilus.), unknown to me. 

. Elventinus, Duclos (Mag. de Zool.), is C. Mindanus. 


eques, Lamarck (Anim. sans vert.), unknown to me. 


. ferrugatus, Sowerby (Pro. Z.S.), is C. cingulatus, var. 
. ferrugineus, Hwass (Enc. Méth.), is C. Senator, var. 


flammeus, Lamarck (Anim. s. v.), is C. Lorenzianus. 
fulgetrum, Sowerby (Conch. Ilus.), unknown to me. 
fulgurans, Lamarck (Anim. s. v.), unknown to me. 


. fusiformis, Lamarck (Anim. s. v.), unknown to me. 
. fustigatus, Lamarck (Anim. s. v.), is C. pulicarius, var. 


hyena, Hwass (Enc. Méth.), is C. punctatus, var. 


- inflatus, Sowerby (Conch. Illus.), unknown to me. 
. interruptus, Wood (Ind. Test. Supp.), is C. varius, var. 
. Jamaicensis, Lamarck (Anim.s.v.),isC. Mediterraneus. 


s 
Japonicus, Lamarck (Anim. s. v.), unknown to me. 


. lamellosus, Lamarck (Anim. s. v.), unknown to me. 
. lucidus, Wood (Ind. Test. Supp.), is C. reticulatus. 
- Luzonicus, Sowerby (C. Mlus.), is C. regalitatis, var. 
. Luzonicus, Lamarck (Anim. s. v.), unknown to me. 


QAI ee eoqqQreea3ygeeGeee qe eee eee 


. maculosus, Sowerby (C. Ilus.), is C. anemone, var. 
- Mauritianus, Hwass (Enc. Méth.), unknown to me. 
. maurus, Gray (App. King’s Australia), unknown tom« 
- modestus, Sowerby (Conch. Illus.), is C. cinereus, va 
}. muscosus, Lamarck, is C. characteristicus, young. 
-musivum, Broderip (Pro. Zool. Soc.), is C. legatus. 
. nivifer, Broderip (Pro. Z. 8.), is C. venulatus, var. 

. nivosus, Lamarck (Anim. s. v.), is C. venulatus, var 
. ochraceus, Lamarck (A.s.v.),is C. Proteus discoloures 
. pennaceus, Lamarck (Anim. s. y.), is C. omaria, var 
. planicostatus, Sowerby (Conch. Ill.), is C. Orbignyi 
. pulchellus, Sowerby (Pro. Z.S.), is C. varius, var. 

. pusillus, Lamarck (Anim. s. v.), unknown to me. 

. pusio, Lamarck (Anim.s.v.), isC. Mediterraneus, vai 
- pyramidalis, Lamarck (Anim. s. v.), unknown to me 
. questor, Lamarck (Anim. s. v.), is C. characteristicu: 
- ranunculus, Lamarck, is C. achatinus granulated. 

. raphanus, Hwass (Enc. Méth.), is C. magus, var. 


rattus, Lamarck (Anim. s. v.),is C. Taheitensis, var 


- regius, Chemnitz (Conchylien Cab.), is C. princeps. 

. recurvus, Broderip (Pro. Z.8.), is C. cingulatus. 

. rubiginosus, Lamarck (Anim. s. v.), is C. omaria, vai 
. Sinensis, Chenu (Recueil de coq.), unknown to me. 

. tiaratus, Broderip (Pro. Z.S.), is C. minimus, var. 

- unicolor, Sowerby (Conch. Illus.), unknown to me. 

. vermiculatus, Lamarck (An. s. y.), is C. Hebreeus, vai 
- verulosus, Lamarck (An. s. v.), is C. granulatus, bad 
. vespertinus, Humphreys (Tank. Cat.),is C. Timorensis 
- vulpinus, Hwass (Enc. Méth.), is C. Senator. 

. ximenes, Gray (Zool. Beech. voy.), unknown to me. 


ERRATUM. 


Species 234.—Conus Lacrevs. 


Instead of Rrrve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843, read Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 481. 


MONOGRAPH 


PLEUROTOMA. 


“In India East or West, or middle shore, 
In Pontus or the Punic coast, or where 
Alcinons reigned, * * . 

She gathers tribute large, and on the board 

Heaps with unsparing hand.” —J/ton. 


i 


LUTION HGS, 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Prate I, 


Genus PLevrotoma, Lamarck. 


Testa turrita, fusiformis, spird acuminatd ; columella levi, 
in canalem rectum nunc elongatum, nunc breviuscu- 
lum, desinente ; aperturd ovali, labro simplici, acuto, 
postice sinu fissurdve emarginato. Operculum cor- 
neum, infra acuminatum. 

Shell turrited, fusiform, spire acuminated; columella 
smooth, ending in a straight canal, varying con- 
siderably in length; aperture oval; lip simple and 
acute, emarginated at or near its junction with the 
last whorl with either a slit or fissure. 


horny, acuminated at the lower end. 


Operculum 


The Pleurotome were separated by Lamarck from the 
fusiform portion of the Linnean Murices, originally di- 
The 
labral slit or sinus which has been selected to charac- 


stinguished by Bruguieére with the title of Fusus. 


terize this genus is a never-failing mark of distinction, 
for after an examination of nearly two hundred species 
now before me, exhibiting this peculiarity in every con- 
ceivable variety of form, I come to the conclusion that 
the genera into which some authors have thought it ex- 
pedient to distribute them (Clavaiula, Drillia, Melatoma, 
Perronia, e. g.) might be profitably dispensed with. 


Species 1. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


PLEUROTOMA CINGULIFERA. Pleur. testd turrito-subulatd, 
transversim striatd, sulcatd et cingulatd ; anfractibus 
convexiusculis, prope suturas cingulo unico circum. 
vallatis; cingulo maculis quadratis rufis picto; canali 
brevi, recurvo ; labro margine scabro. 

Tue GrrDLED PLeurotoma. Shell turrited, acuminated, 
transversely striated, grooved and belted; whorls 
rather convex, surrounded with a single girdle or 
belt near the sutures, painted with square reddish 
spots ; canal short and recurved; lip rather rough 
at the edge. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 94. 

Kreyer, Iconographie, pl. 17. f. 1. 

Hab. Coast of Madagascar, Red Sea, Philippines, &c. 


The belt or girdle which is formed round this shell 
by the filling up of the marginal slit is peculiarly paint- 
ed with a regular series of square, equidistant, reddish 
brown spots. The canal is short, and somewhat twisted. 


Species 2. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


PiruRoroma varrEGata. Pleur. testd turritd, fusiformi, 
griseola, fusco-maculatd, lineis undulatis longitudina- 
liter picld ; anfractibus conveavis, transversim sulcatis, 
obscure granoso-striatis, superne zond bicarinatis ; 
spird elongatd, acutd ; canali ad basin subflecuosd. 

THE VARIEGATED PLevrotoma. Shell turrited, fusiform, 
greyish, brown spotted, and painted longitudinally 
with undulated lines; whorls convex, transversely 
suleated, obscurely grained and ornamented round 
the upper half with a double zone or belt; spire 
rather elongated and acute; canal rather flexuous 
at the base. 

Krener, Iconographie, pl. 9. f. 1. 

Hab. Indian Ocean, Kiener. 


Kiener appears to have been the first to notice the 
specific peculiarities of this shell. 
ish colour, variegated with numerous granular spots of 


It is of a pale grey- 


reddish brown, ranging in the form of strie and longi- 
tudinal streaks. 


Species 3. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


PLEvUROTOMA TIGRINA, Pleur. testa fusiformi-turritd, 
multicarinatd, albido-grised, nigro-punctatd, striis 
transversis, tenuissime granulosis, ornatd ; anfracti- 
bus convexis, medio bicarinatis ; canali longiusculo. 

THE TIGER-sPOTTED PLreurotomaA. Shell fusiform and 
turrited, many-keeled, of a greyish white colour, 
more or less spotted with black and ornamented 
with very finely granulated transverse striz ; whorls 
convex, doubly carinated round the periphery ; ~ 
canal rather long. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 95. 

Krener, Iconographie, pl. 8. f. 1. 

Hab. Philippine Islands (sandy mud, seven fathoms). 


Few species exhibit a greater variety of growth and 
marking than this; the periphery of the whorls is never- 
theless constantly prominent and acute, and it is pecu- 
liar in being doubly carinated. 


Species 4. (Mus. Stainforth. ) 


Pievrotoma Garnonsit. Pleur. testd elongato-turritd, 
gracillime fusiformi, albidd, transversim multicari- 


Jan. 1848. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Prate I. 


natd, carinis maculis parvis rubido-fuscis vivide pic- 
tis ; anfractibus convexis, macularum grandium serie 
superne ornatis ; anfractu ultimo infra fusco-fasciato ; 
canali plus minusve elongato. 

Garnons’ PLevroroma. Shell elongately turrited, slen- 
der, fusiform, whitish, transversely keeled, keels 
vividly painted with small reddish brown spots; 
whorls convex, ornamented round the upper part 
with a row of large square brown spots or patches ; 
last whorl with a brown band round the lower part, 
it being concealed in the rest by the natural deposit 
of one whorl upon the other; canal more or less 
elongated. 

Pleurotoma Babylonia, var. Kiener. 

Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines. 

We have much pleasure in dedicating this species to 
our excellent friend the Rev. W. L. P. Garnons, F.L.S. 
&e. The labour which this worthy gentleman has be- 
stowed on the arrangement of the Woodwardian collec- 
tion of shells at Cambridge bears ample testimony of his 
zeal for the science. 

Several specimens of this shell have lately made their 
appearance in London, but we are not aware from whence 
they have arrived. The above locality is quoted from a 
single specimen found by Mr. Cuming at that place lying 
dead upon the shore at low water. 


Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Pievroroma Basytonia. Pleur. testd fusiformi-turritd, 
transversim carinatd et cingulatd, albd ; cingulis ni- 
gerrimo-maculatis ; maculis quadratis ; anfractibus 
convevis ; canali longiusculd. 

Shell fusiformly 

turrited, transversely carinated and belted, white ; 


Tue Tower or Base, PLEUROTOMA. 


belts ornamented with very black square spots; 
whorls convex, canal rather long. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 94. Encyclopédie 
Méthodique, pl. 439. f. 1. a, 6. 
Murex Babylonius, Linneus. 

Hab. Moluccas, Philippines, New Guinea, &c. 

The spots which ornament this shell are peculiar in 
being very black and very distinctly picked out; in some 
specimens (as in the one here figured) they are large and 
somewhat distant from each other, whilst in many they 
are numerous, smaller, and more thickly set. 


— eee 


Species 6. (Mus. Stainforth. ) 


Prevroroma specrasitis. Pleur. testd subelongato-tur- 
ritd, multicingulatd ; albd, cingulis nigro-maculatis, 
maculis grandibus et parvis, numerosissimis ; anfrac- 
tibus convexis, supra et infra fusco-fasciatis ; canali 
brevi, leviter flecuosd. 

Tur HANDSOME PrevRoTomA. Shell rather elongately 
turrited, many-belted ; white, belts black spotted, 
spots large and small intermixed, very numerous ; 
whorls convex, brown banded above and below ; 
canal short, slightly flexuous. 

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (on the reefs). 


The spotting is of a more numerous and miscellaneous 
character in this species than in any of the genus, though 
it presents in certain respects a modification of that in 
the Pleurotoma Garnonsii. The dusky band which girds 
the lower portion of the whorls in that species is ex- 
hibited both round the lower and upper portions in this, 
and the number of spots is apparentiy doubled in like 
manner; the canal is short, and presents a great pecu- 
liarity of character. 


Species 7. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


PLEUROTOMA cCRYPTORRHAPHE. Pleur. testd gracillime 
turritd, transverse striatd, umbilicatd, fusco-olivaced, 
aperturd purpureo-tinctd ; anfractibus bicarinatis, su- 
turis profunde impressis ; labro externo leviter fim- 
briato, canali brevi, subtortuoso. 

Tur pEEpP-suTURED Pieuroroma. Shell very slenderly 
turrited, transversely striated, umbilicated, dark 
olive-coloured, aperture stained with purple ; whorls 
doubly keeled, sutures deeply impressed; outer lip 
slightly fimbriated ; canal short and somewhat 
twisted. 

Sowersy, App. Tankerville Catalogue, p. xiv. 

Reeve, Conch. Syst., pl. 234. f.15. 

Murex bicarinatus, Wood. 
Pleurotoma Woodii, Kiener. 

Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (on the reefs at low 

water). 


This shell is at present very rarely to be met with in 
fine condition, the specimen here figured is the only per- 
fect one I remember having seen. 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Puate II. 


Species 8. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


PLEUROTOMA EXASPERATA. 
tibus in medio tuberculato-muricatis, tuberculis soli- 


Pleur. testa turritd, anfrac- 


dis, acutis ; albd, anfractu ultimo zond fuscd cingu- 
lato ; canali brevissimo ; columelld albd, superne cal- 
losd ; aperturd fauce alba. 

SHARP-POINTED PuiEuRoToMA. Shell turrited, 
whorls tuberculated round the middle, tubercles 
solid and sharp; white, last whorl encircled with 
a clear, dark brown zone; canal very short; colu- 
mella white, with a callosity at the upper part; 


aperture white within. 
> 


THE 


Hab. 


This interesting little shell resembles the Plewrotoma 
unizonalis in being surrounded with a single clear dark 
band; but it differs, first, in being of a more turrited 
form ; secondly, in having the whorls encircled with a 
sharp row of tubercles instead of longitudinal ribs ; and 
thirdly, in the columella and interior being white, 
whereas in that species it is always brown. 


Species 9. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Pievroroma speciosa. Pleur. testdé acute turritd, trans- 
versim sublilissime funiculatd ; ceruleo-albd, funi- 
culis pallid? ochraceis ; anfractibus in medio eximiv 
gemmatis, infern® convevis, superne leviter concavis ; 
canali gracili, viv elongato. 

Tre Beautirut Prrvroroma. Shell sharply turrited, 
very finely corded transversely ; bluish white, cords 
pale bright ochre ; whoris delicately beaded round 
the middle, convex below, rather concave beneath ; 
canal slender, rather long. 

? 


Hab. 


This very chaste shell approaches somewhat in form 
and general appearance to the Pleurotoma Kieneri; it 
is of a pale bluish ground, delicately corded and beaded 
with bright ochraceous yellow. 

There is another exactly similar specimen in the col- 

lection of Henry Inwood, Esq. 


Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) 


-Prevroroma Becki. Pleur. testa oblonga, cylindraceo- 
attenuata, apice acuto; sexangulatd, anfractibus ad 


Jan 


angulos longitudinaliter tuberculatis ; olivaceo-fuscd, 
tuberculis tantum albis ; columelld et aperture fauce 
Suscd ; canali brevissimo. 

Becx’s Preurotoma. Shell oblong, cylindrically at- 
tenuated, sharp at the apex; six-angled, whorls 
longitudinally tuberculated at the angles ; the en- 
tire shell olive-brown except the tubercles, which 
are white; columella and interior of the mouth 
brown; canal very short. 

Reeve, Zool. Proc., 1842. Conch. Syst., vol. ii. p. 234. 
as Wale 

Hab. Bauang, Island of Luzon. 


I dedicate this pretty shell with much pleasure to the 
learned curator of that noble patron of conchological 
It was found by Mr. 
Cuming in the locality above cited under stones at low 
water. The snowy-white tubercles which ornament 
this brown six-angled shell at the several angles are 
very characteristic. 


science, the King of Denmark. 


Species 11. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


PLevurRoToma crispa. Pleur. testd Susiformi, transver- 
sim carinatd, albidd, lineolis rubido-fuscis, longitudi- 
nalibus, interruptis, pictd ; anfractibus multicarinatis, 
carinarum interstitiis imbricato-crispis ; canali elon- 
gato. 

Tue crispep Prevroroma. Shell fusiform, transversely 
carinated, white, painted with reddish brown lon- 
gitudinal lines ; whorls many-keeled, the interstices 
between the keels being finely crisped or granulated; 
canal long. 

Lamarcg, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 95. 

Enc. Métb., pl. 439. f. 4. 

Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines. (Found on the coral 
reefs at low water.) 


The shell which we have here figured from Mr. Cu- 
ming’s collectionis undoubtedly the true Pleurotoma crispa 
of Lamarck, and not the large Chinese shell (Pleurotoma 
grandis) referred to it by Kiener. Another, but inferior, 
specimen of the same in the collection of Mr. Stainforth 
agrees exactly with the figure in the ‘ Encyclopedie Mé- 
thodique,’ and a third specimen, collected by Mr. Cu- 
ming himself in the locality above cited, removes all 
doubt on the subject. The three specimens here spoken 
of are each of the same uniform size, and the dark 


. 1843. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Ptate II. 


painting distributed in transverse lines (/ineolis), and 
not in any degree blotched or clouded, makes them agree 
precisely with Lamarck’s description. 


Species 12. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Pievroroma unEDo. Pleur. testd angulato-turritd, fu- 
siformi, striis longitudinalibus et transversis reticu- 
lata, costellisque subdistantibus, subtilissime granu- 
losis, cinctd ; albd, spadiceo maculatd et longitudina- 
liter nebulosd ; anfractibus superne angulatis, peri- 
pherid leviter bicarinatd ; canali viv elongato ; labro 
sinu subcentrali. 

THE STRAWBERRY PLEUROTOMA. 
rited, fusiform, reticulated with transverse and 
longitudinal strie, and encircled with small, very 
finely granulated, rather distant nbs; white, spot- 
ted and longitudinally clouded with reddish brown ; 
whorls angulated at the upper part; periphery 
lightly bicarinated ; canal rather long; lip with the 
sinus rather central. 

Vaxenciennes, MSS. Paris Museum. 

Kirner, Icon. pl. 14. f. 1. 

Hab. Seas of India, Kiener. 


This excellent species of Valenciennes cannot fail to 
be recognised by the characteristic figure with which 
our description is accompanied. 


Shell angularly tur- 


Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prruroroma Granpis. Pleur. testd longissimd, fusi- 
formi, multicarinatd ; albd, maculis irregularibus fus- 
cis marmoratd, strigis interdum subobsoletis longitu- 
dinaliter nebulosd ; anfractibus convewis, carinarum 
interstitiis imbricato-crispis ; canali elongato. 

Tur Great Prevroroma. Shell very long and fusi- 


form, many-keeled, white, marbled with irregula 
dark spots and blotches, and longitudinally cloude 
with streaks of the same colour, which are some 
times nearly obsolete; whorls convex, the inter 
stices being finely crisped or grained; canal long. 
Gray, Griffith’s Cuv. An. King. pl. 23. f. 1. 
Pleurotoma crispa, Kiener (not of Lamarck). 
Hab. Indian and Chinese Seas. 


Having perfectly identified the Pleurotoma crispa © 
Lamarck, we gladly bear testimony to the correctness ¢ 
Mr. Gray’s views in regard to this magnificent shel 
which the first-named conchologist was evidently unac 
quainted with. 


Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLevRotoma austraLis. Pleur. testd turritd, fusiform 
rubido-fulvd, costellis transversis, subtiliter granu 
losis, cinctd ; anfractibus subventricosis, superné la 
vibus, depressis : canali elongato, recto ; labro re 
tundato, sinu lato, ab anfractu ultimo separato. 

Shell turrited, fusiforn 

reddish yellow, encircled with small, finely granv 

lated transverse ribs; 


THE SOUTHERN PLEUROTOMA. 


whorls rather ventricost 
smooth and depressed at the upper part; can 
long and straight; lip rounded, separated from th 
upper whorl by a broad sinus. 

De Roissy, Kiener Icon., pl. 4. f. 1. 
Murex australis, Chemnitz, Conch., vol. xi. pl. 19¢ 

f. 1827 and 1828. 
Hab. China. 


The delicate buff-coloured ribs which encircle thi 
shell are much more strongly granulated in some spe 
cimens than in others. 


a 


47 


Lleavotoma. Lt Hi 


Reeve lth 


nay wctek 


Pie RO OVE A: 


Puate III. 


Species 15. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Prevrotoma arcuata. Pleur. testd arcuato-fusiformi, 
tenui, inflatd, subpellucidd, anfractibus lineatis, in 
medio acute carinatis, carind maculis fuscis regu- 
laribus ornatd ; labro externo rotundato, ab anfractu 
ultimo sinu lato separato; canali gracili, arcuato, 
spire longitudinem equante. 

Tue curvep PLEvROTOMA. 
thin, inflated, rather transparent; whorls lined, 
and sharply keeled round the middle, keel painted 
with regular brown spots; lip rounded, separated 
from the last whorl by a broad sinus ; canal slender, 
curved, equalling the length of the spire. 

Hab. Coast of Veragua, Central America. 


Shell arcuately fusiform, 


A few specimens only of this inflated transparent-look- 
ing shell were collected at the above-mentioned place, 
by R. Hinds, Esq., of Her Majesty’s Ship Sulphur, a 
zealous and intelligent conchologist. 


Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prevrotoma picra. Pleur. testd acutissime turritd, solidd, 
transversim carinatd, albd, carinis perspicuis, sub- 
distantibus, maculis fuscis perparce pictis, carind 
superd valde maximd ; labro fissurd parvd, subcen- 
trali; canali recto, spire longitudinem equante. 

Tue painteD PLreuroroma. Shell solid, very sharply 
turrited, transversely carinated, white; keels, which 
are distinct and rather distant, sparingly painted 
with faint brown spots, uppermost keel very much 
the largest; lip with a small, nearly central fissure; 
canal straight, equalling the length of the spire. 

Brecx MSS., Museum of the King of Denmark. 

Hab. Panama, St. Blas, Gulf of Nicoya, &c., Western 
coast of America. Hinds. 


This shell is of a straight solid growth, and cannot 
well be confounded with any species hitherto described. 


Species 17. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Pievroroma oxyrropis. Pleur. testdé turrito-subulatd, 
brunnescente, anfractibus valid carinatis, interstitiis 
decussatis, carind superd maximd, conspicud ; fissurd 
subcentrali; canali recto, spire longitudinem aquante. 


THE STRONGLY-KEELED Pievrotoma, Shell sharply 


turrited, brownish; whorls strongly keeled, upper- 
most keel largest, conspicuous; slit rather central ; 
canal straight, equalling the length of the spire. 

Sowersy, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 233. f. 2. 

Hab. Bay of Panama. (Found in sandy mud at from 
thirteen to twenty fathoms depth.) Cuming. 


I have figured a very young and an adult specimen of 
this rare species, in order to exhibit the remarkable 
change of form which it apparently assumes in different 
stages of growth; the series of specimens before me is 
not sufficiently extensive to show the complete progress. 


Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pievrotoma unposa. Pleur. testd elongato-turritd, trans- 
versim carinatd et striatd, albidd, maculis strigisve 
rubido-fuscis, longitudinaliter undosis, profuse or- 
natd ; canali breviusculo, columella et aperture fauce 
purpureo-tinctd. 

Tne wavep Pievroroma. Shell elongately turrited, 
transversely carinated and striated, whitish, pro- 
fusely ornamented with longitudinally-waved red- 
dish-brown spots or streaks; canal rather short ; 
columella and within the aperture stained with 
purple. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 95; Enc. Méth., 
pl. 439. f. 5. 

Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines. (Found on coral 
reefs.) Cuming. Coast of Pondicherry, India. 
Kiener. 


I cannot see the resemblance noticed by Kiener be- 
tween this shell and the Pleurotoma variegata (Sp. 2.); 
indeed, they would come under separate sections in a 
systematic arrangement of the group, by reason of the 
difference in their canals. 


Species 19. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Prevrotoma Desnayesiu. Pleur. testd elongato-turritd, 
Susco-flavescente, transversim striatd, ewiliter cari- 
natd ; anfractibus leviter convevis, zonuld in medio 
cinctd ; canali longiusculo. 

Desuayrs’ Prevroroma. Shell elongately turrited, yel- 
lowish-brown, transversely striated, faintly sulcated, 


Feb. 1843. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Ptatz III. 


not keeled; whorls slightly convex, encircled round 

the middle with a small zone; canal rather long. 
Doumer, Magasin de Zoologie, Mollusques, 1834. 
Hab. China, Doumet. 


This is the only shell I can at all identify with Dou- 
met’s Pleurotoma Deshayesii; it is of an uniform pale 
brown colour, and comparatively smooth throughout, 
the whorls being but faintly grooved and belted round 
the middle by the filling up of the labral slit. 


Species 20. (Mus. Stainforth. ) 


Prievroroma vireo. Pleur. testd solidd, rectd, fusiformi, 
transversim striatd et carinatd ; albd, immaculatd, 
epidermide flavido-brunnea indutd ; canali lato, elon- 
gato. 

Tur virgin Prevrotoma. Shell solid, straight, fusi- 
form, transversely striated and carinated ; white, 
unspotted, covered with a yellowish-brown epider- 
mis; canal broad, and rather long. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 94. 

Turris nivea, Martini, Conch., vol. iv. 
Murex virgo, Wood. 


Hab. ? 


This shell, which has been vulgarly called the White 
Tower of Babel, is rarely to be seen with its rich epi- 


dermis. I have no authority for its habitat. 


Species 21. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Prevroroma marmorata. Pleur. testd turritd, fusi- 
formi, transversim striatd et carinatd, albd, rubido- 
fusco aut maculatd, aut marmoratd, canali plus mi- 
nusve elongato ; fissurd valde profundd. 

Shell turrited, fusiform, 
transversely striated and carinated, white, either 
spotted or marbled with reddish-brown ; canal 
more or less elongated; slit very deep. 

Fig. a, var. maculaia. 
Fig. 6, var. marmorata. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi. p. 95. 

Hab. Straits of Malacca. (In coarse sand at the depth 
of ten fathoms.) Cuming. 


Tur MARBLED PLEUROTOMA. 


I have figured very extreme specimens of the two 
varieties above noted, in order to show how variable is 
this species both in form and in painting. 


Llarrotoma. Lt, 


web 


PLEUROTOM A. 


PLATE IV. 


Species 22. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Stainforth.) 


PLEUROTOMA PAPALIS. Pleur. testd fusiformi, acute 
turritd, pallide luteo-brunnescente, anfractibus su- 
perne concavis, longitudinaliter leviter liratis, liris 
numerosis ; anfractu ultimo pallide albo-fasciato ; 
canali brevi. 

Tue parat Prevrotoma. Shell fusiform, sharply tur- 
rited, pale yellowish brown; whorls concave round 
the upper part, longitudinally lightly ridged, ridges 
numerous, last whorl encircled with a pale band; 
canal short. i 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Pleurotoma mitreformis, var., Kiener, Icon., ie Ae 
f. la. 


Hab. ? 


After carefully examining one or two specimens of 
this shell which Kiener describes as a variety of the 
following species, I am forced to the conclusion that it 
is specifically distinct. 


Species 23. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


PLEUROTOMA MITR&FORMIS. 
formi, apice acuminato, luteo-brunnescente, striis 


Pleur. testa elongato-fusi- 


numerosis, subgranulosis, transversim et longitudi- 
naliter decussatd; anfractibus supern® leviter con- 
cavis ; canali breviusculo. 

THE MirRE-sHAPED PievRoroma. Shell elongately 
fusiform, apex acuminated, yellowish brown, trans- 
versely and longitudinally crossed with numerous, 
somewhat granulated strie ; whorls slightly concave 
round the upper part; canal rather short. 

Kreyer, Icon. pl. 21. f. 1. 

Murex mitreformis, Wood, Index Test. Supp., 
pl. 5. f. 5. 
Hab. Coast of Senegal, Mouth of the Gambia, &c. 


This shell is longer and more cylindrical than the pre- 
ceding, and never exhibits the fine longitudinal ridges. 


Species 24. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


PLEUROTOMA FascraLis. Pleur. testd subfusiformi, tur- 
ritd, anfractibus supern? angulato-carinatis ; super- 
ficie multifuniculatis, funiculis nigro-fuscis, inter- 


stitiis pallidioribus ; canali breviusculo. 


Feb. 


Tue corpep Prrurotoma. Shell somewhat fusiform, 
turrited; whorls angularly carinated round the 
upper part, entire surface encircled with fine black- 
ish brown cords, the spaces between them being of 
a paler colour; canal rather short. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p- 93. 

Kiener, Icon., pl 4s ts 2: 

Murex elegans, Wood, Ind. Test. Supp., pl. 5. f. 

Hab. Islands of Ticao and Masbate, Philippines; Cuming. 


Lamarck’s description of this shell was evidently made 
from a worn specimen, in which the rich dark brown 
transverse cords had assumed a reddish cast of colour. 


Species 25. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Preuroroma Taxus. Pleur. testd solidd, conico-subulatd, 
flavescente, epidermide crassa, Susco-olivaced, indutd ; 
anfractibus in medio concavis, infern® leviter nodu- 
losis, longitudinaliter striatis, striis superne sinis- 
trorsum, inferne dextrorsum dispositis ; canali brevi. 

Tue Yew Pievroroma. Shell solid, conically subulate, 
yellowish, covered with a thick, dark olivaceous 
epidermis; whorls concave in the middle, slightly 
nodulous round the lower part, longitudinally 
striated, striz running obliquely towards the left 
on the upper part of the whorl, to the right on the 
lower; canal short. 

Krener, Icon., pl. 10. f. 1. 

Murex tarus, Chemnitz, Conch., vol. x. pl. 162. 
f. 1550 and 1551. 
Hab. Cape of Good Hope; Hinds. 


By the kindness of Capt. Sir Edward Belcher, whose 
rich conchological stores, collected under the able super- 
intendence of Richard Hinds, Esq., during a voyage of 
more than seven years round the world in Her Majesty’s 
Ship ‘ Sulphur,” have been liberally offered for illustra- 
tion, I am enabled to figure this highly interesting 
species for the first time with its rich, dark epidermis. 
Several specimens in different stages of growth were 
dredged near the Cape of Good Hope by the zealous 
naturalists above mentioned, and they vary most singu- 
larly in form, some being considerably longer and nar- 
rower (more Terebra-like) than the one I have selected 
for illustration. 
have been selected for this shell by the author of the 


The specific title of tavus appears to 


1843. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Prate IV. 


‘Conchylien Cabinet’ on account of its imagined re- 
semblance to the erect stem or trunk of the yew-tree. 


Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prevroroma Javana. Pleur. testa elongato-fusiformi, 
albd, fulvo longitudinaliter nebulosd ; anfractibus 
conveviusculis, superne concavo-depressis ; canali 
elongato, flecuoso, transversim striato ; labro tenut, 
late emarginato. 

Tue Java PLEUROTOMA. 
white, clouded longitudinally with yellowish streaks ; 
whorls rather convex, upper part hollow and de- 


Shell elongately fusiform, 


pressed ; canal long, flexuous, transversely striated; 
lip thin, widely emarginated. 

De Rorssy. Kiener, Icon., pl. 5. f. 1. 
Murex Javanus, Linneus. 


Murex tornatus, Wood. 
? 


Hab. 


This shell is by no means uncommon in an imperfect 
state, white, without the least indication of colour. 


Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pievroroma orvacea. Pleur. testd fusiformi, oli- 
vaced, anfractibus valde tuberculosis, striatis quasi 
funiculatis, superne levibus ; canali amplo; labro 
postice sinuato, fauce striatd. 

THE OLIVE-BROWN PieurotToma. Shell fusiform, olive- 
brown; whorls strongly tuberculated, and striated 
as if they were corded, upper part smooth ; canal 
large; lip sinuated at its junction with the last 
whorl, interior striated. 


Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 136. 

Pleurotoma funiculata,V alenciennes MSS.; Kiener, 
Icon., pl. 16. f. 4. 

Hab. Salango and St. Elena, West Columbia ; Cuming. 
Panama, Gulf of Nicoya and Western Coast of 
Mexico (from mud in four to seven fathoms depth) ; 
Hinds. é 


I am not surprised that Kiener should have failed to 
recognise this species; it is exceedingly difficult to 
identify a shell by description alone. 


Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prevroroma Nopirera. Pleur. testd fusiformi, turritd, 
cinereo-fulvd ; anfractibus medio angulatis, supra an- 
gulum levibus, infra striatis ; angulo nodulis oblongis, 
albidis, obliquis, uniseriatim cincto ; labro subinflato, 
rotundato, sinu lato ; canali flecuoso. 

Tur knoppep Prruroroma. Shell fusiform, turrited, 
ashy yellow ; whorls angular in the middle, smooth 
above and striated below; angle ornamented with 
a single series of oblique white oblong knobs ; lig 
rather inflated, rounded; sinus broad; canal flex- 
uous. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 96. 

Kiener, Icon., pl. 12. f. 1. 

Pleurotoma Javana, Enc. Méth., pl. 439. ie Bc 

Hab. Straits of Malacca (from mud in eighteen fathom 
depth) ; Hinds. 


I have a very compactly operculated specimen of thi 
shell in my possession. The operculum is horny 
rather thin, and fits closely to the aperture. 


te 
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Fowerby Aed 


Lieavotomw LV 


er 


PLEUROTOMA. 


PLATE V. 


Species 29. (Mus. Stainforth.) 

Prevrotoma opesa. Pleur. testd obeso-fusiformi, spird 
turritd, anfractibus luteolis, superné albis, lineis Sul- 
vis, obliquis, longitudinaliter venosis ; labro acuto, sinu 
subcentrali ; canali mediocri, brevi, subitd flexuoso. 

Tue stour Prevroroma. Shell stoutly fusiform, spire 
turrited ; whorls yellowish, white round the upper 
part, longitudinally veined with fine yellow lines ; 
lip acute, sinus nearly central; canal middling, 
short, suddenly twisted. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


On referring to the figure which accompanies the 


above description, it will be seen that my PJ. obesa is 
not the shell figured in Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 235. f. 5. 
from Sowerby’s “‘ Genera,” as I at first supposed. The 
figure alluded to is of such large dimensions, that I could 
not recognise it as representing a yellow variety of the 
Pl. lineata; and as a proof of its liability to be mis- 
understood, I may add that Kiener supposes it to be 
intended for his Pl. fulminata. 


Species 30. (Mus. Stainforth.) 
Prevrotoma cisposa. Pl. testd elongato-turritd, cinered ; 
anfractibus supern® leviter concavis, longitudinaliter 
plicatis, striisque decussatis ; anfractis ultimi plicis 
in costellas confluentibus, dorso tuberculi gibboso, 
spadiceo notato; labro subexpanso, sinu lato, pro- 
Sundo ; canali brevissimo, leviter recurvo. 
Shell elongately turrited, 
ash-coloured ; whorls slightly concave round the 


THE SWOLLEN PLEUROTOMA. 


upper part, longitudinally plaited, decussated with 
strie ; plaits of the last whorl flowing down like 
small ribs, back of the last whorl marked with a 
dark chestnut-coloured swollen tubercle ; lip rather 
expanded, with the sinus, broad and deep ; canal 
very short, a little recurved. 
Krener, Icon., pl. 12. f. 2. 
Murex gibbosus, Chemnitz, Conch., vol. xi. pl. 190. 
Hab, ——? 
Lamarck does not seem to have been acquainted with 
this shell; the Pl. unimaculata,a newly discovered species 
(vide pl. 6. f. 42.), is a light, elegant fac-simile of it. 


Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prevrotoma muricata. Pleur. testd ovato-conicd, tu- 


berculiferd, striis decussatd, epidermide olivaceo-v‘ 
ridi indutd ; anfractibus superne concavis, tuberculis 
cuspidatis seriatim cinctd ; canali brevi, leviter re- 
curvo. 

Tue prickLy Prevroroma. Shell ovately conic, tuber- 
culous, decussated with strie, covered with an 
olive-green epidermis; whorls concave round the 
upper part, encircled with a row of spear-shaped 
tubercles ; canal short, slightly recurved. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. page 

Krener, Icon., pl. 17. f. 2 and 2a. 

Pleurotoma conica, Enc. Méth., pl. 439. f. 9. a, b. 
Murex mitra, Wood, Ind. Test. Supp., pl. 5. f. 5. 
Hab. Mouth of the Gambia; Lieut. Shaw. 


This shell, which has a remarkably strong epidermis, 
is sometimes faintly tinged with violet in the interior. 


Species 32. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


PLEUROTOMA VIRGINEA. PI, testd fusiformi-turritd, pal- 
lide luteold; anfractibus in medio angulatis, tuberculis 
minutis albis seriatim cinctis ; anfractu ultimo multi- 
seriatim granuloso ; canali mediocri, leviter recurvo. 

Tue cuaste Prevroroma. Shell fusiformly turrited, 

pale yellowish colour; whorls angulated in the 

middle, encircled with a series of very small white 
tubercles; last whorl encircled with several series 
of granulations ; canal middling, slightly recurved. 


| Beck MSS., Museum of the King of Denmark. 


Hab. Mouth of the Gambia; Lieut. Shaw. 


This shell, though comparatively common in our col- 
lections, does not appear to have been hitherto described. 
It is an interesting species, but scarcely merits the very 
refined title that has been applied to it, 


Species 33. (Mus. Hankey.) 


PLEUROTOMA IMPERIALIS. Pleur. testd solidd, abbreviato- 
Susiformi, ventricosd, epidermide olivaced, crassd, 
indutd ; anfractibus supern® squamis complicatis, bre- 
vibus, quasi tuberculis, seriatim cinctis ; canali bre- 
vissimo, recurvo ; aperturd oblongo-ovatd, fauce en- 
causticd, superne et inferne purpureo-tinctd. 

Tue rmpeRIAL Pirevrotoma. Shell solid, of a shortened 
fusiform shape, ventricose, covered with a thick, 
dark, olive-coloured epidermis; whorls encircled 


Feb. 1843. 


PLEUROTOMA.—P are V. 


round the upper part with a series of closely-folded 
scales, like tubercles; canal very short, recurved ; 
aperture oblong, interior highly enamelled, stained 
above and below with deep purple, 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 91. 

Krener, Icon., pl. 20. f. 1. 
Clavatula imperialis, Enc. Méth., pl. 440. f. 1. a, b. 

Hab. Cabenda, West Coast of Africa. (Found at five 
fathoms depth in soft mud, washed down by the 
waters of the Congo.) 


I am much indebted to Lieut. Hankey, R.N., for the 
loan of this rare and highly interesting shell, obtained 
by him at the above-mentioned locality with the animal 
in it. Another specimen before me, belonging to Mr. 
Cuming, was brought by Lieut. Shaw from the Gambia. 


Species 34. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


PreuroToma BimarGinata. Pleur. testd fusiformi-tur- 
ritd, solidiusculd, tuberculiferd, fulvo-rubente ; an- 
Fractibus medio concavis, superne inferneque margi- 
natis, suturis inter profundis; canali brevi, sub- 
flexuoso. 

THE DOUBLE-EDGED PLEvROTOMA. Shell fusiformly tur- 
rited, rather solid, tuberculous, yellowish red; 
whorls concave in the middle, distinctly margined 
above and below, leaving a deep, narrow suture 
between them; canal short, a little twisted. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 93. 

Kiener, Icon., pl. 2. f. 2. 

Hab. ? 


The double-edge peculiarity of this shell is remarkable, 
and I am not acquainted with any other of this genus 
which exhibits the same reddish cast of colour. 


Species 35. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Pleur. testd solidd, subulatd, 
brunned, anfractibus leviter convewis, liris levibus, 


PLEUROTOMA ANNULATA. 


pallidioribus, numerosis, annulatim cinctis ; canali 
subelongato. 

Tue rINGED PLEvRotoma. Shell solid, subulate, brown ; 
whorls slightly convex, encircled with a number of 
smooth, paler ridges, like rings; canal rather long. 


Hab, ——? 


This shell reminded me at first sight of the P/. Des- 
hayesii (Pl. elongata, Gray, Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage, 
p- 119.) ; it may, however, be readily distinguished from 
that species by the number of well-marked, ring-like 
ridges by which the entire surface is encircled. 


Species 36. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


PieuroToMA caTENA. Pleur. testd elongato-fusiformi, 
turritd, acuminatd, flavido-grised ; anfractibus medio 
valde convexis, quasi subitd tumidis, tuberculis exi- 
mis, albis, obliquis, seriatim coronatis ; labro tenui, 
sinu lato ; canali elongato, recto. 

Tue carn Prevrotoma. Shell elongately fusiform, 
turrited, acuminated, yellowish grey ; whorls very 
convex in the middle, as if suddenly swollen, 
crowned with a series of oblique, very delicate, 
white tubercles; lip thin, sinus broad; canal long 
and straight. 

Hab. g 


The leading feature of this new and very distinct shell 
is the bright, perlaceous series of link-shaped tubercles 
which run round the periphery of the whorls. 


Species 37. (Brit. Mus.) 


Prrevrotoma rutminaTa. Pleur. testd fusiformi, sub- 

pyriformi, levi, albidd, flammulis maculisque rubris 

longitudinaliter fulminatd ; anfractu ultimo versus 
basin transverse striato, striis profundis ; canali me- 
diocri, leviter arcuato. 

Shell fusiform, 
somewhat pear-shaped, smooth, whitish, longitudi- 
nally streaked with reddish flames and spots; last 
whorl very deeply striated towards the base; canal 
middling, slightly curved. 

Krener, Icon., pl. 10. f. 2. 

Hab. ? 


THE LIGHTNING-MARKED PLEUROTOMA. 


M. Kiener is mistaken in supposing this to be the 
shell figured in Sowerby’s genera under the title of PZ. 
lineata, var. 


- f 7 
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Lleaavotoma Fb, 


EEE wit T @ MA: 


Prats VI. 


Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.) 
Preurotoma piscors. Pleur. testa turritd, fuscd ; an- 
Sfractibus superne prope suturam unicarinatis, inferne 
nodulosis, median? levibus ; anfractu ultimo trans- 
versim lineato, varice conspicuo; aperturd brevi, 
ovata, labro profunde emarginato. 

Tue piscorpant Pieurotoma. Shell turrited, blackish 
brown; whorls encircled with a single keel round 
the upper part, nodulous round the lower part, and 
smooth round the middle; last whorl transversely 
lineated, and has a rather prominent lump or varix ; 
aperture short, ovate, lip deeply emarginated. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 137. 

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 234. f. 10. 

Hab. Island of Plata, West Columbia (dredged from 
coral sand at the depth of seventeen fathoms) ; 
Cuming. 

The specimen here figured is the only one that has 
been seen, and is therefore at present unique in the 
collection of Mr. Cuming. 


Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.) 

PreuRotoma zonuLaTaA. Pleur. testd crassd, subcylin- 
drica, nigerrima ; anfractibus superné lird, mediane 
cingulo flavo monilifero ornatis ; anfractu ultimo liris 
cingulisque duobus ; canali brevissimo. 

Shell thick, cylin- 
drical, jet-black; whorls ornamented round the 
upper part with a small ridge, round the middle 
with a bright yellow-beaded belt ; last whorl show- 
ing two ridges and two belts ; canal very short. 

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. il. pl. 234. f. 10. 

Pleurotoma cincta, Sowerby (not of Lamarck), Pro. 
Zool. Soc., 18383, p. 136. 

Hab. Monte Christi and Xipixapi, Central America 
(found in sand and gravel at a depth of seven 
fathoms) ; Cuming. 


THE LITTLE-BELTED PLEUROTOMA. 


Each whorl in this species is encircled with two fine 
ridges and two yellow-beaded belts, but one of each of 
these becomes hidden during the growth of the shell by 
the deposit of one whorl upon the lower half of the other. 


Species 40, (Mus. Cuming.) 


Preuroroma sicotor. Pleur. testd oblonga, pyramidali, 


fusca ; anfractibus superne concavis, inferne longitu- 
dinaliter costatis, costis flavidis, postice tuberculiferis ; 
canali brevissimo. 

Tuer Two-coLourED PLeurotoma. Shell oblong, pyra- 
midal, blackish brown; whorls concave round the 
upper portion, lower portion longitudinally ribbed, 
ribs yellow and tuberculated posteriorly ; canal 
very short. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 135. 

Hab. Panama and Gallapagos Islands (found under 
stones at the former place, in sand at the depth of 
eight fathoms in the latter) ; Cuming. 


Care must be taken not to confound this species with 
the P/. zebra which is always of reddish colour and more 
sharply turrited. 


Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLeUROTOMA pyRAMIDATA. Pleur. testd acutissime py- 
ramidali, fuscd ; anfractibus superne cingulo albido 
monilifero decurrente, median? tumidis, eleganter pli- 
catis, plicis albis, in serie regulari dispositis ; canali 
brevissimo, subrecurvo. 

Tue pyramipaL Pievrotoma. Shell very sharply py- 
ramidal, blackish brown; whorls with a small 
white-beaded band round the upper part, the 
middle part being swollen and elegantly plaited, 
plaits white, and arranged with great regularity ; 
canal very short, and a little recurved. 

Vatencrennes, MSS. (Paris Museum.) 

Krener, Icon., pl. 21. f. 3. 

Hab. Coast of Senegal, and the Gambia. 


The figure which Kiener refers to in the ‘ Encyclo- 
pédie Méthodique’ cannot have been intended to re- 
present this shell. 


Species 42. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Pievroroma unimacuLata. Pleur. testa turritd, acumi- 
natd, albd, anfractus ultimi dorso fusco-maculatda ; 
anfractibus medio tuberculatis, tuberculis in costellas 
interdum confluentibus ; apertura brevi, labro expanso, 
profunde sinuato ; canali brevi, recurvo. 

Shell turrited, 

acuminated, white, back of the last whorl being 


THE sINGLE-SPOTTED PLEUROTOMA, 


Feb. 1843. 


PLEUROTOMA.—P tare VI. 


vividly painted with a single brown spot; whorls 
tuberculated in the middle, the tubercles in some 
specimens flowing down in the form of ribs; aper- 
ture short, lip expanded, deeply sinuated; canal 
short, recurved. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 154. 

Rerve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 233. f. 9. 

Hab. West Columbia and Central America. (Found in 
sandy mud in from eight to sixteen fathoms.) 


This beautiful shell, which has been collected both by 
Mr. Cuming and Capt. Belcher, may probably be merely a 
white variety of the Pl. gibbosa, Kiener, Murex gibbosus, 
Chemnitz (see the preceding Plate, fig. 30.). 
say, however, that I find no intermediate variation be- 
tween the ashy dulness of the P/. gibbosa and the ivory 
brightness of the Pl. unimaculata. 


I must 


Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pievrotoma rosea. Pleur. testd turrita, acuminata, 
albidd, anticé roseo-tinctd ; anfractibus vald? tuber- 
culatis, tuberculis ovatis, antic? in costellas confluen- 
tibus ; labro expanso, profundeé sinuato; canali brevi, 
recurvo. 

Tuer ROSE-TINTED PLEUROTOMA. 
nated, white, rose-tinted anteriorly ; whorls strongly 
tuberculated, tubercles ovate, flowing anteriorly 
into ribs, as visible on the last whorl ; lip expanded, 
deeply sinuated; canal short, recurved. 

Sowersy (not of Quoy), Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 134. 

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 133. f. 3. 

Hab. Salango and Monte Christi, Central America 
(found in sandy mud at a depth of twelve to six- 


Shell turrited, acumi- 


teen fathoms) ; Cuming. 

The penultimate tubercle of this shell becomes en- 
larged into a kind of hump like the spot which charac- 
terizes the preceding species, and as there are many spe- 
cies which exhibit this peculiarity of increase just prior 
to their reaching maturity, I should suppose it to depend 
upon some peculiar economy in the animal inhabitant. 


Species 44. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


PieurRoTOMA spirata. Pleur. testa subobeso-conica, 
acute turritd, leviusculd, cinerea, fusco leviter nebu- 
losi; anfractibus planis, superne angulatis, parte 
superiori in aream planam spiraliter ascendente ; labro 
acuto, sinu subcentrali; canali longiusculo. 

‘Tue sprrAL PLeurotroma. Shell rather stoutly conical, 


sharply turrited, rather smooth, ash colour, slightly 


clouded with brown; whorls flat, angulated round 
the upper part, which ascends spirally with a flat 
area; lip sharp, sinus near the centre; canal rather 
long. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 93; Enc. Méth., 
pl. 440. f. 5. a and 6. 

Hapa, 


Lamarck refers this shell to the Murex Perron of 
Chemnitz, under the impression that the transverse 
ridges represented in that figure (Conch. Cab. vol. x. 
pl. 164. f. 1573.) were worn off in his specimen of Pl. 
spirata. I have, however, a shell before me of very dif- 
ferent character (Pleurotoma Perronii, nobis), answering 


exactly to the figure in question. 


Species 45. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Preuroroma macutosa, Pleur. testa oblongo-fusiformi, 
turritd, c@rulescente, fusco-maculosd ; anfractibus 
levigatis, medio tuberculiferis, tuberculis uniseriali- 
bus ; apertura oblonga ; sinu lato ; canali brevi. 

Tue spotreD PLEUROTOMA. 
turrited, bluish, spotted with brown; whorls smooth, 
tuberculated in the middle, tubercles in one regular 
series ; aperture oblong, sinus broad; canal short. 

Sowerrsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 135. 

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. i. pl. 233. f. 8. 

Hab. West Columbia (found in sandy mud at a depth 
of sixteen fathoms); Cuming. 


Shell oblong, fusiform, 


Several specimens of this shell have been lately 
brought of a dark bluish, almost ashy colour. 


Species 46. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA DIADEMA. 
subturritd, albidd, rubido-fusco nebulosd ; anfractibus 
conveais, inferne plicis exiguis longitudinaliter gra- 


Pleur. testd conico-fusiformi, 


nulatis, supern® concavis, spinis brevibus acutis uni- 
seriatim coronatis; sinu lato, canali longiusculo, 
columella subumbilicata. 
Tae prapEM Prievroroma. Shell conically fusiform, 
somewhat turrited, whitish, clouded with reddish 
brown ; whorls convex, lower portion longitudinally 
granulated with small plaits; upper portion concave, 
coronated with a single row of short, sharp spines. 
Krener, Icon., pl. 8. f. 2. 
Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 254. f. 18 and 20. 
Hab. Cape Blanco, Coast of Africa; Hinds. 


This shell is one of the most beautiful of the genus, 


. PLEUROTOMA.—Prare VI. 


ind highly deserving the distinction given to it by 
Kiener. 


Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA MAURA. Pleur. testd turritd, acuminatd, 
fusco-nigricante ; anfractibus medio tuberculatis, 
inferne punctato-striatis, superne depressione sinum 
labri sequente ; canali recurvo. 

[HE DARK-COLOURED PLEUROTOMA. Shell turrited, acu- 
minated, blackish brown; whorls tuberculated in 
the middle, dotted round the lower part, whilst the 
upper part exhibits a depression from the filling up 
of the sinus; canal recurved. 

SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 134. 

REEVE, Conch. Syst., vol. 1. pl. 133. f. 4. 

Hab. Island of La Plata, west coast of Columbia (found 
in coral sand at the depth of fourteen fathoms) ; 
Cuming. 


Care should be taken not to confound this beautiful 
shell with the PZ. maura of Valenciennes described and 
igured by Kiener. 


Species 48. (Mus. Sinfield.) 


Pleur. testd turritad, tubercu- 
lato-echinata, albida, maculis elongatis rufescentibus 


PLEUROTOMA ECHINATA. 


radiatim pictd ; anfractibus medio angulatis, angulo 
tuberculis acutis, subcompressis, armato ; canali brevi, 
attenuato. 
Tur prickty Prevroroma. Shell turrited, prickly, 
tuberculated, white, radiately painted with long, 


reddish brown spots; whorls angulated in the 


middle, angle armed with sharp, slightly com- 
pressed tubercles; canal short, attenuated. 
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 91; Enc. Méth., 
pl. 439. f. 8. 
Hab. Coast of New Guinea; Kiener. 


This species is remarkably distinct from any other of 
the genus; I only know of few specimens. 


Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLevROTOMA TuRRICULA. Pleur. testd acuminato-pyra- 
midali, fusca ; anfractibus superne tuberculatis, tuber- 
culis in serie unicd dispositis ; infern? longitudinaliter 
costatis, costis decussatis ; apertura fauce purpureo- 
nigricante ; canali brevi. 

THE TURRICULATED PLEuRoTomA. Shell sharply pyra- 
midal, brown; whorls with the upper part tubercu- 
lated, tubercles in a single row; lower part longitu- 
dinally ribbed, ribs decussated ; interior of the aper- 
ture blackish purple ; canal short. 

Sowrrsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 137. 

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 233. f. 6. 

Testa minor. 

* Pleurotoma corrugata, Sowerby (not of Kiener), 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 137. 


I have carefully examined the identical specimens de- 
scribed by Sowerby under the separate specific names 
of Pl. turricula and corrugata, but am unable to discover 
the slightest difference between them; the distinction 
which he claims for the latter, of the tubercles assuming 
the nature of a tuberculated keel, is quite imaginary. 
Such an error is, however, most excusable, when it is 
considered with how vast an amount of new material he 
was at the time occupied. 


Slervoloma [0 | 


PEE WhO TO MA: 


Prats VII. 


Species 50. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


PEEUROTOMA suTURALIS. Pleur. testd fusiformi, turritd, 
flavido-fuscd, albo brunneoque fasciatd, anfractibus 
subrotundatis, superne depressis, longitudinaliter cos- 
tatis, transversim tenuissime striatis ; aperturd oblon- 
gd, canali subrecurvo. 

[Tur sururAL Prevrotoma. Shell fusiform, turrited, 
yellowish brown, banded with white and brown; 
whorls somewhat rounded, depressed next the su- 
ture, longitudinally ribbed, transversely very finely 
striated; aperture oblong, canal a little recurved. 

Bronn, Erg. mei. nat. Reise, vol. i. p. 556. 

Puitirri, Enum. Moll. Sicil., p. 197. 

Pleurotoma Comarmondi, Michaud. 
Murex gracilis, Montague. 
Murew oblongus, Brocchi. 
Hab. Mediterranean Sea, Coast of Britain, &c. 


This is undoubtedly the well-known Murez gracilis of 
British authors. 


Species 51. (Mus. Walton.) 


PLevROTOMA INTERRUPTA. Pleur. testd turrito-subulata, 
longitudinaliter costatd, costis levibus, subdistantibus ; 
transversim striatd, pallide fusca, costis rufis ; an- 
fractibus supern® unicarinatis ; canali brevi, subre- 
curvo. 

Tue ryrerrurtEpD Pxievroroma. Shell sharply tur- 
rited, longitudinally ribbed, ribs smooth and rather 
distant; transversely striated, pale brown, ribs red- 
dish brown; whorls encircled round the upper part 
with a single keel; canal short, a little recurved. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 92; Enc. Méth., 
pl. 488. f. 1. a, 6. 


Hab. ? 


Chiefly characterized by the smooth reddish-looking 
distant ribs. 


Species 52. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Prevroroma susata. Pleur. testd acuminato-fusiformi, 
levigatd, flavido-brunned ; anfractibus multicarinatis, 
caring medid maxima, serie unicd granulorum su- 
perne cinctd ; canali breviusculo. 


Tue crestep Prevrotoma. Shell acuminately fusi- 


form, smooth, yellowish brown; whorls many- 
keeled, middle keel the largest, with a beaded row 
of granules immediately over it ; canal rather short. 
Hips, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 
Hab. China Seas and Straits of Malacca (found in mud 
at the depth of eighteen fathoms); Hinds. 


The little row of granules which encircles every whorl 
above the centre keel is exactly similar to that which in 
great measure distinguishes the Pl. modesta of Sowerby 
from the Pl. cincta of Lamarck. 


Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Preurotoma rupis. Pleur. testa turritd, crassd, niger- 
rimo-fusca ; anfractibus medio coarctatis, supra in- 
Sfraque tuberculatis, tuberculis inferioribus superne 
albo-maculatis ; anfractu ultimo subexcentrico ; ca- 
nali brevi; labro tenui, sinuoso, callositate supra sinu 
armato. 

Tuer rustic Prevrotoma. Shell turrited, thick, very 
dark brown, almost black ; whorls contracted in the 
middle, tuberculated above and below, each of the 
lower tubercles having a white spot above it; last 
whorl rather out of the centre; canal short; lip 
thin, sinuous, armed above the sinus with a strong 
callosity. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 134. 

Hab. Monte Christi, West Columbia (found under 
stones) ; Cuming. 


Species 54. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


PLevRoToMA cRENULARIS. Pleur. testd acutissime tur- 
ritd, transversin striata ; anfractibus supern? et in- 
Ferne griseo-violaceis,mediané nodoso-crenulatis, nodis 
albis ; suturis marginatis ; canali breviusculo. 

THE CRENULATED PLEUROTOMA. Shell very sharply tur- 
rited, transversely striated; upper and lower por- 
tion of the whorls greyish violet, middle crenulated 
with white knobs; sutures marginated; canal ra- 
ther short. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 92. 

Hab. Tranquebar. 


This shell, according to Lamarck, is the Clavatula cre- 


March 1843. 


PLEUROTOMA.—P are VII. 


nularis of the ‘Encyclopédie Méthodique’; it is impos- 
sible to identify it by the figure. 


Species 55. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Pievroroma mruiraris. Pleur. testd elongata, acumi- 
nato-turritd, alba; anfractibus liris nodulosis sub- 
tilissime decussatis, interstitiis striatis ; superne con- 
cavis, carind subnodosd marginatis ; aperturd oblon- 
ga; canali brevi, recurvo. 

{ue mruirary Prevrotoma. Shell long, acuminately 
turrited, white ; whorls very finely decussated with 
nodulous ridges, transversely striated in the inter- 
stices; upper part of the whorls concave, edged 
with a slightly nodulous keel; aperture oblong ; 
canal short, recurved. 

Clavatula militaris, Hinds, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

Hab. Veragua, Central America (found in mud at the 
depth of eighteen fathoms); Hinds. 


Species 56. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Pleur. testd fusiformi, turritd, 
albicante, maculis punctisque rubidis parce ornatda ; 
anfractibus medio plano-carinatis, carind eximie mo- 
niliferd, supra concaviusculis, striatis, infra multi- 


PLEUROTOMA CARINATA. 


carinatis, carinis interlineatis; fissurd centrali, ampld ; 
canali longiusculo. 

Tue KEELED Pievroroma. Shell fusiform, turrited, 
whitish, sparingly ornamented with reddish dots 
and spots; whorls flatly keeled round the middle, 
keel delicately beaded; above the keel rather con- 
cave, striated ; below it numerous other keels with 
a line running between them ; fissure central, large ; 
canal rather long. 

Gray, Griff. Cuv. An. King., pl. 23. 

Pleurotoma Kieneri, Doumet, Mag. de Zool. 


Hab. ? 


I was at one time inclined to suppose that the figure 
in Griffith’s ‘Cuvier,’ above referred to, was intended for 
my Pl. speciosa; the specimen there represented has 
however been kindly sent to me by Mr. Gray, and I find 
it to be identical with the shell subsequently dedicated 
to Kiener by M. Doumet. 


Species 57. (Mus. Gray.) 


Prevroroma Gairrirui.  Pleur. testd subfusiformi, 


pullide fulvd, transversim striatd ; anfractibus medio 
nodulosis, nodulis albis, superne concavis, anfractu ul- 
timo subalato, sinu amplo; aperturd oblonga ; canali 
brevi, paululum recurvo. 

GrirritH’s Prevroroma. Shell somewhat fusiform, 
yellowish, transversely striated; whorls nodulous in 
the middle, nodules white, upper part concave, last 
whorl slightly winged, sinus large ; aperture oblong, 
canal a little recurved. 

Gray, MSS. (private cabinet). 

Hab. ? 


A common species, not much unlike the P/. Stromboides 
in shape. 


Species 58. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prevroroma Excentrica. Pleur. testd pyramidali-ob- 
longa, crassd, brunned ; anfractibus duobus excen: 
tricis, supern® unicarinatis, carind undulatd ; infré 
spiraliter sulcatis, deinde longitudinaliter costatis, cos- 
tis transversim liratis ; apertura brevi. 

Tue DisToRTED PLEUROTOMA. 
long, thick, brown ; whorls, the two last of whic 
are out of the centre, keeled near the suture, kee 
undulated ; beneath spirally sulcated, then longitu: 
dinally ribbed, ribs transversely ridged; aperturt 
short. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Hab. Gallapagos Islands (found in coral sand at th 


depth of six fathoms) ; Cuming. 


Shell pyramidally ob- 


The excentric growth of this shell gives it a very 
curious appearance, the last and penultimate whorl: 
looking exactly as if they had slipped from their origina 
lodgement. 


Species 59. (Mus. Gray.) 


Pievrotoma masor. Pleur. testa subfusiformi, fuscd 
transversim albo-lineatd, anfractibus medio nodulosis 
nodulis albis ; apertura oblonga, canali paululum re: 
curvo. 

Tue GREATER PLEvRoToMA. Shell somewhat fusiform 
dark brown, transversely marked with white lines 
whorls nodulated in the middle, nodules white 
aperture oblong, canal a little recurved. 

Gray, MSS. (private cabinet). 

oC —— 


Very closely allied to the Pl. Griffithii; indeed some 
authors would account it to be a variety of that species 


Vee Lt, Yih 


sleeve Akh 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Prater VIII. 


Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA SPLENDIDULA. leur. testd elongato-py- 
ramidali, roseo-fuscescente ; anfractibus levigatis ; 
longitudinaliter costatis, costis obliquis, medio promi- 
nulis, subconfertis, albis; anfractis ultimi dorso fusco, 
planulato ; sinu lato. 

Tur spLenprp Pirvroroma. Shell elongately pyra- 
midal, brownish rose-colour ; whorls smooth, longi- 
tudinally ribbed, ribs oblique, prominent in the 
middle, rather close, white; back of the last whorl 
dark, smooth; sinus broad. 

Sowrrsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 135. 

Hab. Gallapagos Islands ; Cuming. 

The burnt rose-colour which appears between the 
longitudinal ribs, and on the back of the last whorl, is of 
very peculiar character. 


Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.) 
Prevroroma pica. Pleur. testd crassd, obtuso-pyrami- 
dali, alba, maculis fuscis, paucis, grandibus, subqua- 
dratis, irregularite rvariegatd; anfractibus eleganter 
semicostatis, costis angustis, numerosis ; superne levi- 

bus, concavis ; sinu lato. 
Tue prep Prevroroma. Shell thick, obtusely pyrami- 
dal, white, irregularly variegated with a few large 
whorls elegantly ribbed 


half-way up, ribs numerous and narrow; upper 


squarish brown spots ; 


portion of the whorls smooth and hollowed out as 
it were; sinus broad. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines; Cuming. 


A very solid white shell, pied here and there with dark 
brown blotches. 


Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Preuroroma axsicostata. Pleur. testd acuminato-py- 
ramidali, rosed ; anfractibus levibus, longitudinaliter 
costatis, costis confertis, albis ; aperturd brevi. 

Tarn wutre-r1pBED Prevroroma. Shell acuminately 
pyramidal, rose-colour; whorls smooth, longitudi- 
nally ribbed, ribs white and closely set; aperture 
short. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 185. 

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 234. f. 13. 

Hab. Gallapagos Islands ; Cuming. 


The white ribs in this shell appear in bold relief upon 
a bright rose-coloured ground. 


Species 63. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


PLEUROTOMA TUBERCULIFERA. Pleur. testd acuminato- 
Susiformi, apice acuto; anfractibus medio tuberculi- 
feris, striatis, superne concavis, fusco-fasciatis ; canali 
mediocri ; labro simplici, acuto, ab anfractu penultimo 
sinu lato separato. 

Tue TuBERcULOUs PLEURoToma. Shell acuminately 
fusiform, apex sharp; whorls tuberculous in the 
middle, striated, concave and brown-banded above ; 
canal middling ; lip simple, acute, separated from 
the penultimate whorl by a broad sinus. 

Broperip and Sowrrsy, Zool. Jeurn., vol. iv. p. 378. 


Hab. Isabella Island, Gulf of California ; Belcher. 


The whorls in this shell have a peculiar dark chest- 
nut band above the tubercles, and a lighter divided one 


below them. It is not much unlike the PJ. olivacea. 


Species 64. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLevroromaA INERMIS. Pleur. tesid ovato-acuminata, in- 
ermi; anfractibus leviter convevis, cinereis, flammeolis 
Sfuscis, subtilissimis, undosis, longitudinaliter striatis. 

Tue uNaRMED PLEevRoTOMA. Shell ovately acuminated, 
smooth; whorls slightly convex, ash-coloured, 
longitudinally striated with a succession of very 
fine, waved, flame-like lines. 

Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Bay of Magdalena, California (found in mud at the 


depth of seven fathoms); Hinds. 


I have not ventured to describe the anterior portion of 
this shell, because the specimen before me collected by 
Capt. Belcher, the only one that has yet been seen, has 
not arrived at maturity. It is very properly placed by 
Mr. Hinds in the genus Pleurotoma; for, although the 
lip is considerably broken, the very peculiar marking of 
the whorls fully indicates the previous existence of a si- 


nus or fissure. 


Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA ALABASTER. Pleur. testd turritd, intis ex- 


lusque nived, roseo interdum leviter tinctd, transversim 


March 1848. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Prate VIII. 


subtilissim? sulcatd et striatd ; anfractibus longitudi- 
naliter costatis, superne subdepressis ; sinu lato. 

Te ALABASTER Prevrotoma. Shell turrited, snowy 
white within and without, sometimes faintly tinged 
with rose, transversely very finely grooved and stri- 
ated; whorls longitudinally ribbed, somewhat de- 
pressed next the suture ; sinus broad. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Siquijor, Philippines (found in loose co- 
ral sand on the reefs at low water); Cuming. 


The sculpture of this shell is exceedingly delicate, the 
cross grooves looking as if they had been graved with 
an etching point. 


Species 66. (Mus. Dennison.) 


Pleur. testa turrito-subulatd, 
longitudinaliter suboblique plicatd, plicis antic evani- 


PLEUROTOMA FLAVIDULA. 


dis ; transversim striatd, striis super plicis nodulo- 
sis; canali brevi, subrecurvo ; sinu lato. 

Tur yELLOwisH Prevrotoma. Shell sharply turrited, 
longitudinally rather obliquely plaited, plaits dis- 
appearing anteriorly ; transversely striated, strie 
knobbed in passing over the plaits; canal short, 
slightly recurved; sinus broad. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 92. 

Curmnirz, Conch., vol. xi. pl. 190. f. 1829 and 1830. 

Hab. Chinese and Japanese Seas. 


There is a striking variety of this shell of a dark 


brown colour, the form and general appearance of which 
are the same. 


Species 67. (Mus. Walton.) 


PLeurotoma semicostata. Pleur. testd turritd, albidd, 
epidermide olivaceo-luted, corned, indutd ; anfractibus 
convevis, semicostatis, costis latis, superne nodulosis ; 
apertura ovatd ; labro simplici, sinu lato. 

Shell turrited, white, 
covered with a horny olive-yellow epidermis; whorls 
convex, ribbed half-way, ribs broad, and nodulous 
at the upper extremity ; aperture ovate; lip simple, 


THE HALF-RIBBED PLEUROTOMA. 


sinus broad. 
Kurner, Icon, p. 39. pl. 19. f. 1. 
Heb 


This is probably the shell alluded to by Sowerby in 


his ‘‘ Genera of Shells” as having all the appearance of 
a fresh-water Melania. 


Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prevrotoma Buccinoipes. Pleur. testd turritd, pallide 
ferrugined, epidermide corned, fusco-nigricante, in- 
dutd; anfractibus leviter convewis, longitudinaliter 
costellatd, costellis superné nodulosis, ante suturas 
terminatis ; aperturd basi emarginatd. 

Tue BuccinuM-LikE PLeurotoma. Shell turrited, pale 
rusty brown, covered with a dark horny blackish 
brown epidermis ; whorls slightly convex, longitu- 
dinally ribbed, ribs with the upper extremity nodu- 
lous, terminating before the sutures ; aperture with 
the base emarginated. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 94. 

Boletus turbinatus, Martini. 
Buccinum sinuatum, Born. 


Buccinum phallus, Gmelin. 
? 


Hab. 


This species, like the former, is evidently an inha- 
bitant of fresh or brackish water, having the complete 
external character of a Melania. 


Species 69. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


PLEUROTOMA AURICULIFERA. Pleur. testd oblongo-ovati, 
subventricosd, albidd, sapissime unizonali; anfracti- 
bus superne leviter angulatis, squamis grandibus com- 
plicatis, auriculi-formibus, distantibus, coronatis ; an- 
fractu ultimo serie tuberculorum fascidque adustd 
cincto. 

Tur EARED PuiEvRoTomA. Shell oblong-oval, rather 
ventricose, white, generally single banded; whorls 
slightly angulated round the upper part, which is 
coronated with large, distant, ear-shaped, folded 
scales ; last whorl encircled with a row of tuber- 
cles and generally a single brown band. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 91. 

Strombus lividus, Linneus. 
Clavatula auriculifera, Enc. Meth., pl. 439. f. 10a. 6. 

Hab. Philippine Islands. 


Specimens of this remarkable shell, of different ages, 
were collected by Mr. Cuming at several of the above- 
mentioned islands. The ear-shaped scales gradually 


increase in importance as the shell increases in growth. 


SS 
Ss 
<S 
S 
~ 
SN 
N 
DN 
N 
~ 
~\~ 
~ 
S 


y 
2 
® 
= 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Puate IX. 


Species 70. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Prrvrotoma Owen. Pleur. testa elongato-cylindra- 
ced, apice acuto, pallide cinered ; anfractibus con- 
vevis, striis et nodulorum seriebus duabus cingulatis. 
ultimo infra subtilissime noduloso-striatis ; canali 
brevissimo. 

Owen’s PLEuROTOMA. 
apex sharp, pale ash-colour ; whorls convex, encir- 
cled with striz and two rows of white nodules, 


Shell elongately cylindrical, 


lower portion of the last whorl striated with very | 


fine nodules; canal very short. 
Gray, MSS. (private cabinet). 
Hab. East Coast of Africa; Gray. 


The specimen in Mr. Gray’s cabinet is of unusually 
large size, at least one-third longer than that selected 
for illustration. 


Species 71. (Mus. Hinds.) 


Pleur. testa abbreviato- 
fusiformi, apice acuto, fulva ; anfractibus medio an- 
gulatis, nodulis compressis ad angulum biseriatim 


PLevroTOMA STROMBOIDES. 


cinctis, supra concavis, levibus, anfractu ultimo sub- 

alato, granoso, labro margine subincrassato ; sinu 

lato ; canali vix elongato, recurvo. 

Shell shortly fusi- 
form, apex sharp, yellowish; whorls angulated in 
the middle, encircled at the angle with a double 
row of compressed nodules, above the angle con- 
cave and smooth, last whorls slightly winged, 
lower portion granulated; lip rather thickened at 
the edge; sinus broad; canal a little elongated, re- 
curved. 

Sowersy, Genera of Shells, Pleurotoma, f. 4. 

Hab. Bay of Panama (found in mud at the depth of 
seven fathoms); Hinds, 


Tae Srrompus-LikE PLevrotoma. 


There is always a small white callosity on the body- 
whorl of this shell. 


Species 72. (Mus. Gray.) 

Prevrotoma tusercuLata. Pleur. testa fusiformi, pal- 
lid? cinereo-olivaced; anfractibus supern® concavis, fu- 
niculo rubido-maculato cingulatis, medio tuberculatis, 
tuberculis interstitiis rubidis, infra rotundatis, granu- 
losis ; canali subelongato. 


Tue TUBERCULATED PLEUROTOMA. Shell fusiform, pale 
ashy olive-colour; upper portion of the whorls 
concave, encircled with a single reddish-brown 
spotted cord, middle portion tuberculated, inter- 
stices between the tubercles reddish brown, lower 
portion of the whorls rounded, granulated ; canal 
rather long. 

Gray, Zool. Beech. Voy., p. 120. 

Hab. ? 


The interstices between the granules are the same 
colour as between the tubercles. 


Species 73. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Prevroroma trNuts. Pleur. testd fusiformi, tenui, 


fulvescente ; anfractibus convexis, medio nodoso-ca- 
rinatis, supra levibus, concavis, infra striatis, longi- 
tudinaliter corrugato-costatis, costis irregulariter 
confluentibus ; canali subelongato. 

Tue rHin PLtevroroma. Shell fusiform, thin, yellow- 
ish; whorls convex, middle nodulously keeled ; 
upper part concave smooth, lower part longitudi- 
nally striated, and wrinkle-ribbed, ribs irregularly 
flowing together ; canal rather long. 

Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 

Pleurotoma corrugata, Kiener, &c. 

Hab. New Guinea; Kiener. 


I have seen this species with the wrinkle-ribbed pecu- 
larity still more curiously developed than in the spe- 
cimen here figured. 


Species 74. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PreuroToMA zonata. Pleur. testd subfusiformi, fus- 
cescente ; anfractibus convevis, longitudinaliter albi- 
costatis, parte inferiori interstitiis fusco zonatis ; ca- 
nali breviusculo. 

Tur zonep PLeuroroma. Shell somewhat fusiform, 
brownish; whorls convex, longitudinally ribbed, 
ribs white, the lower portion of the interstices being 
distinctly zoned with dark brown; canal rather 
short. 

Gray, MSS. (private cabinet). 

Hab. Singapore (found in sand at the depth of seven fa- 
thoms) ; Cuming. 


I have only seen two specimens of this interesting 


April 1843. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Ptate IX. 


species, one in Mr. Gray’s cabinet, and the other in that 
of Mr. Cuming. 


Species 75. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Puevrotoma REGIA. Pleur. testd elongato-turritd, ma- 
culis grandibus albis et rubris eximie tessellata ; an- 
Sractibus medio nodulis biseriatim cinctis, supra levi- 
bus, concavis, infra granulosis ; sinu parvo ; canali 
brevi, subrecurvo. 

Tur royat Preuroroma. Shell elongately turrited, 
beautifully tessellated throughout with large spots 
of white and red; whorls encircled round the mid- 
dle with a double row of nodules, concave and 
smooth above, granulated below; sinus small; ca- 
nal short, a little recurved. 

Beck, MSS. Mus. King of Denmark. 

Reeve, Conch, Syst., vol. ii. p. 187. pl. 233. f. 7. 

Hab. Amboyna. 


This is an extremely pretty shell, and highly deserves 
the title appended to it in the King of Denmark’s Mu- 
seum, at Copenhagen, by my excellent friend Dr. Beck. 


Species 76. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLevRoromMa rincrassaTA. Pleur. testa acuminato-py- 
ramidali, crassd, nigricante ; anfractibus prope su- 
turam obsolete carinatis, carind interruptd, infra 
longitudinaliter costellatis, costellis granosis, lineis 
elevatiusculis decussatis; labro prope marginem in- 
crassato ; sinu lato ; canali brevi. 

THE THICKENED Prevrotoma. Shell acuminately py- 
ramidal, thick, blackish; whorls obsoletely keeled 
near the suture, keel interrupted, longitudinally 
ribbed beneath, ribs grained and crossed with raised 
lines; lip thickened near the edge; sinus broad; 
canal short. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Pleurotoma Botte, Valenciennes. 

Hab. Bay of Panama, &c. (found in sandy mud at the 

depth of from six to ten fathoms); Cuming. 


I have no doubt but that this shell is the Plewrotoma 
Botte of Valenciennes, described and figured in Kiener’s 
‘Iconographie des Coquilles vivantes.’ 


Species 77. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Pirevrotoma anpina. Pleur. testd fusiformi-turritd, 
albd, decussatim striata, striis transversis subtilissime 


rubido-punctatis ; anfractibus medio plano-carinatis, 


carind maculis parvis rubidis quadratis equidistantibus 
ornatd ; canali elungato, gracili. 

THE Limg-wuiTE PLevroroma. Shell fusiformly tur- 
rited, white, decussately striated, transverse strie 
painted with the finest imaginable reddish brown 
dots; whorls flatly keeled round the middle, keel 
ornamented with small square equidistant reddish 
brown spots; canal long and slender. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 96. 

Hab. Island of Cerat, Molluccas ; Hinds. 


An extremely delicate shell, remarkable on account of 
the squareness and equidistant arrangement of the spots 
which ornament the flattened keel formed by the filling 
up of the labral slit. 


Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Prevrotroma pupuicata. Pleur. testa acuminato-turritd, 
pallida, epidermide corned fusca indutad ; anfractibus 
superné obsolete unicarinatis, medio tuberculato-cos- 
taiis, tuberculis lineis duabus elevatis regulariter de- 
cussatis, anfractu ultimo ubique lineato; canali brevi. 

THE poUBLE-LINE PLEUROTOMA. Shell acuminately 
turrited, pale, covered with a dark horny epidermis; 
whorls obsoletely keeled round the upper part, tu- 
berculously ribbed down the lower, tubercles regu- 
larly crossed with a pair of elevated lines, last 
whorl lineated throughout, canal short. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Puerto Portrero and Bay of Montija, Central Ame- 
rica (found in sandy mud at the depth of ten fa- 
thoms); Cuming. 


Species 79. (Mus. Cuming.) 
Pievrotoma venusta. Pleur. testa obeso-fusiformi, 
flavicante, fusco-maculata ; anfractibus rotundatis, 
transversim multicostatis, oblique maculatis, superné 
depressis, maculis majoribus vivide pictis; canali 
elongato. 

Tue comety Pievroroma. Shell stoutly fusiform, yel- 
lowish, spotted with dark brown; whorls rounded, 
transversely many-ribbed, obliquely spotted, upper 
part depressed, vividly painted with larger spots ; 
canal long. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Siquijor, Philippines (found in coral sand 
on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. 


This highly interesting shell, which is at present unique 
in Mr. Cuming’s collection, differs materially, both in 
form and in the colour and character of the marking, 
from any of its congeners. 


Llamwidona FibaA. 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Pate X. 


Species 80. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Prevrotoma FELina. Pleur. testd cylindraceo-oblon- 
gd, wbicante, fasciis rubidis curvatis, latis, subdis- 
tantibus, longitudinaliter pictd ; anfractibus convexis, 
transverse striatis, striis elevatiusculis ; canali bre- 
vissimo. 

Tue car Pievroroma. Shell cylindrically oblong, 
white, longitudinally painted with rather distant, 
broad, festooned, reddish bands; whorls convex, 
transversely striated, strie rather elevated, canal 
very short. 

Hrinps, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. New Ireland (found in seven fathoms mud); Hinds. 


A very characteristic species remarkable on account of 
the broad festooned bars of reddish brown which pass 
down the shell at intervals. 


Species 81. (Mus. Petit.) 


PLeuRoToMA SINisTRALIS. Pleur. testa fusiformi, acu- 
minato-pyramidali, sinistrali, pallide violaced ; an- 
fractibus convevis, decussatim striatis ; sinu lato; ca- 
nali brevi. 

Tue stnistraAL Pieuroroma. Shell fusiform, acumi- 
nately pyramidal, sinistral, pale violet colour; 
whorls convex, decussately striated; sinus broad ; 
canal short. 

Perir, Guérin’s Mag. de Zool., 1839, pl. 1. 

Hab. West Coast of Africa, between Senegal and the 


equator. 


This is the only left-handed species of Plewrotoma at 
present known. 


Species 82. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prevroroma xexrmia. Pleur. testd gracile fusiformi, 
albd, anfractibus conveais, costis angustis longitudina- 
libus, striisque transversis elevatis, evimie cancellatd; 
sinu subindistincto; canali mediocri, leviter tortuoso. 

Tue DELICATE PLeurotoma. Shell slenderly fusiform, 
white; whorls convex, delicately cancellated with 
narrow longitudinal ribs, and elevated transverse 
strie ; sinus rather indistinct; canal middling, 
slightly twisted. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 


Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found under stones 
at low water); Cuming. 


The canal of this Muriciform species, though some- 
what indistinct, fully entitles it to a place amongst the 
Pleurotome. 


Species 83. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEuRoTomA GemMata. Pleur. testa elongatd, gracillime 
Susiformi, pallide fusca; anfractibus numerosis, medio 
valde carinatis, carind nodulis quadratis semipelluci- 
dis eximie gemmatd, superne concavis, lineis duabus 
elevatis cingulatis, anfractu ultimo inferne multiline- 
ato; canali elongato. 

Tur GemMED PLEUROTOMA. 
fusiform, pale brown; whorls numerous, strongly 
keeled round the middle, keel delicately studded 
with square semi-transparent nodules ; upper part 
of the whorls concave, encircled with two very di- 
stinct elevated lines, lower part of the last whorl 
lineated ; canal long. 

Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843. 

Hab. Gulf of Magdalena, California (found in sandy 
mud at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Hinds. 


Shell long, very slenderly 


One specimen only of this very elegant shell was col- 
lected at the above place in H. M. S. Sulphur. 


Species 84. (Mus. Cuming.) 

PLEUROTOMA ALBIBALTEATA. Pleur. testd ovato-oblongd, 
luted, albibalteatd, anfractibus convexis, transverse 
lineatis, longitudinaliter noduloso-costatis ; labro in- 
crassato, sinu parvo ; canali brevi, recurvo. 

THE WHITE-BELTED PLEuRoTOMA. Shell ovately oblong, 
yellow, with a single white belt round the middle 
of each whorl; whorls convex, lineated transversely, 
nodulously ribbed longitudinally; lip thickened, 
sinus small; canal short, recurved. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843. 

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found in sand at the 
depth of six fathoms); Cuming. 

The white belt which passes round each of the whorls 
of this shell is of a peculiarly opake nature. The ribs 
are more distant from each other in some specimens 
than in others, and the lower part of the last whorl is 
occasionally stained with dark brown. 


April 1843. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Puate X. 


Species 85. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PievROTOMA TRITONOIDES. Pleur. testd subovali, apice 
acuto, fulvd, pallide albifasciatd ; anfractibus con- 
vexis, costis longitudinalibus, subtilissime nodulosis, 
lineis transversis elevatis eximie cancellatis ; labro 
incrassato, sinu parvo ; canali brevi, subrecurvo. 

‘Tur T'rrton-LIKE PLEUROTOMA. Shell somewhat oval, 
apex sharp, yellow, palely banded with white ; 
whorls convex, delicately cancellated with very 
finely nodulous longitudinal ribs and elevated trans- 
verse strie ; lip thickened, sinus small ; canal short, 
a little recurved. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Bais, Island of Negros, Philippines (found in coral 
sand at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. 


This shell is of a duller and more uniform colour than 
the preceding ; the last whorl is more ventricose, and 
the longitudinal ribs are finer and more numerous. 


Species 86. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA ABBREVIATA. Pleur. testd abbreviato -fusi- 
formi, cwruleo-albd, nigro maculata et punctatd ; 
anfractibus medio angulato-carinatis, carind medio 
partita, superne depressis, funiculo maximo nigro- 
maculato cingulatis, inferne multifuniculatis, funi- 
culis minoribus nigro lineatis et punctatis ; canali viv 
elongato. 

Tur sHorTeNeD Pieuroroma. Shell of a shortened 
fusiform shape, bluish white, spotted and dotted 
with black; whorls angular, keeled round the mid- 
dle, keel divided, upper portion of the whorls de- 
pressed, encircled near the suture with a stout 
black-spotted cord, lower portion ‘encircled with 
numerous smaller cords, painted with short black 
lines and dots ; canal scarcely elongated. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found on the reefs 
at low water); Cuming. 


A very interesting species, which looks at first sight 
like a broken portion of the PJ. tigrina. A number of 
specimens were collected by Mr. Cuming at the above- 
mentioned island. 


Species 87. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pievroroma pisupata. Pleur. testd cylindraceo-pyra- 


midali, fuscd, fuscescente carinatd ; anfractibus con- 


vexis, equidistanter carinatis, carinis duabus centrali- 
bus jubatis ; aperturd brevi; canali brevissimo. 

Tye pouBLE-crEsTep Pururotoma. Shell cylindrically 
pyramidal, brown, keeled with lighter reddish 
brown; whorls convex, equidistantly keeled, the 
two central keels crested or festooned; aperture 
short ; canal very short. 

Resve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Bureas, Philippines (found under stones 
at low water); Cuming. 


Of the two crested keels which encircle this very 
characteristic species, the upper one is the more faintly 
developed. 


Species 88. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA PLANILABRUM. Pleur. testa ovato-oblongda, 
apice acuto, rubido-fuscd ; anfractibus convexis, trans- 
verse lineatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis fere ob- 
soletis ; aperturd oblonga, labro plano, rubido, intis 
denticulato ; canali brevissimo. 

Tur FLAT-Lip Puevrotoma. Shell ovately oblong, apex 
sharp, reddish brown; whorls convex, lineated 
transversely, ribbed longitudinally, ribs almost ob- 
solete; aperture oblong, lip flat, red, and denticu- 
lated within; canal very short. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 18438. 

Hab. Sibonga, Island of Zebu, Philippines (found under 
stones at low water); Cuming. 


The posterior extremity of the lip in this shell is acu- 
minated to a sharp point. 


Species 89. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prevroroma corusca. Pleur. testé subpyramidali, valde 
politd ; anfractibus superne planis, fusco alboque ne- 
bulosis, inferne leviter prominentioribus, punctis fuscis 
irregularibus cingulatis, anfractu ultimo punctorum 
seriebus duabus cingulato; aperturd brevi ; canali 
brevissimo. 

Tue Guirrertnc Prevroroma. Shell rather pyramidel, 
highly polished; upper portion of the whorls flat, 
clouded with reddish brown and white, lower por- 
tion more prominent, encircled with a row of irre- 
gular reddish brown dots, last whorl encircled with 
two rows of dots; aperture short ; canal very short. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines ; Cuming. 


Two specimens only of this shell were found by Mr. 
Cuming on the reefs at the above-mentioned island. 


Lf LEU OLE malls 


KR 


G6 a 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Puate XI. 


Species 90. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PrevROTOMA GRANuLosa. Pleur. testd turrito-pyrami- 
dali; anfractibus prope suturam levibus, tumidiuscu- 
lis, in medio rotundato-costatis, costis lineato-decus- 
satis, lineis decussantibus, minutissime granulosis ; 
aperturd brevi; canali brevi, lato ; sinu rotundato. 

Tur GRANuLous Pievrotroma. Shell turrited, pyra- 
midal, light brown; whorls smooth and rather 
swollen near the suture, rotundately ribbed in the 
middle, ribs crossed with very finely granulated 
lines; aperture short, broad; sinus rounded. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Hab. Bays of Montija and Panama (found in sand at the 
depth of eight fathoms) ; Cuming. 


The granules which characterize this shell are scarcely 
perceptible to the naked eye. 


Species 91. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pleur. testd rudi, crassiusculd, 
anfractibus 


PLEUROTOMA RUSTICA. 
oblongo-pyramidali, fusco-nigricante ; 
prope suturam unicarinatis, infra longitudinaliter 
costatis, costis numerosis, acutis, ultimi costis lineato- 
decussatis, decurrentibus ; apertura brevi; canali 
brevissimo, sinu rotundato. 

Tue rustic Prevrotoma. Shell rude, rather thick, 
oblong, pyramidal, brownish black; whorls keeled 
near the suture, longitudinally ribbed below, ribs 
numerous, sharp; ribs of the last whorl flowing 
down, crossed with lines; aperture short; canal 
very short; sinus rounded. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Xipixapi, West Columbia (found under stones) ; 
Cuming. 


This shell is of a more solid cylindrical form than the 
P. nigerrima, to which it is nearly allied, and the aper- 
ture is much the shorter. 


Species 92. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLevuroromaA unicotor. Pleur. testd crassiusculd, ob- 
longd, pyramidali, pallide fusco-nigricante ; anfrac- 
tibus levibus, prope suturam serie unicd granularum 
ornatd, infra longitudinaliter costatis; aperturd brevi; 


canali brevissimo ; sinu rotundato. 


May 


THE UNIFORMLY-coLOURED Prevroroma. Shell rather 
thick, oblong, pyramidal, pale brownish black ; 
whorls smooth, encircled with a single row of gra- 
nules near the suture, longitudinally ribbed below ; 
aperture short; canal very short; sinus rounded. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Panama (dredged from a sandy muddy floor at the 
depth of about eight fathoms); Cuming. 


A very dark horny-looking shell. 


Species 93. (Mus. Harford.) 


Prevrotoma Harrorpiana. Pleur. testd obeso-pyra- 
midali ; anfractibus nigerrimis, in medio luteo-baltea- 
tis, conveais, transversim subtilissime striatis, superné 
depressiusculis, serie unicd nodulorum ornatd, infra 
noduloso-costatis ; aperturd breviusculd ; sinu parvo, 
rotundato. 

Harrorp’s Prevroroma. Shell stoutly pyramidal ; 
whorls very black, girt round the middle with a 
narrow yellow belt, convex, transversely very finely 
striated; upper part of the whorls rather depressed, 
encircled with a row of small nodules, below nodu- 
lously ribbed ; aperture rather short; sinus small, 
rounded. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


I have much pleasure in dedicating this species to its 
possessor, an intelligent conchologist, and one highly 
worthy of remembrance. ‘The yellow belt which passes 
round the middle of each whorl has a strikingly neat 


appearance. 


Species 94. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Pleur. testa fusiformi, turritd, 
leviusculd, pallide luted ; anfractibus planis, superne 


PrevroToMa PERRONII. 


leviter angulatis, ultimo infern® coarctato, transver- 
sim lirato, liris reqularibus, subdistantibus; sinu sub- 
centrali; canali subelongato, recto. 

Perron’s Prevroroma. Shell fusiform, turrited, rather 
smooth, pale yellow; whorls flat, slightly angu- 
lated round the upper part, lower portion of the 
last whorl contracted and transversely ridged, 
ridges regular, and somewhat distant from each 


1843. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Ptate XI. 


other; sinus nearly central; canal straight and 
rather long. 
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 
Murex Perron, Chemnitz, Conch., vol. x. pl. 164. 
f. 1573. 
Hab. ? 

This interesting shell has been confounded by La- 
marck with the P. spirata (vide Pl. VI. Sp. 44.). It dif- 
fers from that species in being more erect and fusiform, 
in the sutures of the whorls being less deeply chan- 
neled, and in the lower portion of the last whorl being 
crossed with about four or five narrow, well-developed 
ridges. 


Species 95. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prevuroroma FuNicuLATA. Pleur. testd subobeso-fusi- 
formi, turritd, pallide cinerea, epidermide olivaceo- 
viridescente indutd ; anfractibus supern? concavo-de- 
pressis, levibus, in medio nodosis, funiculis aut liris 
binis cingulatis, anfractu ultimo inferne noduloso- 
lirato; sinu lato; canali breviusculo. 

Shell rather stoutly fusi- 

form, turrited, pale ash-colour, covered with an 


THe corpED PLEUROTOMA. 


olive-green epidermis; upper part of the whorls 
concavely depressed, smooth, middle knobbed, and 
encircled with a pair of cords or ridges. lower por- 
tion of the last whorl nodulously ridged; sinus 
broad; canal rather short. 

Vauenciennes MSS., Mus. Jardin des Plantes. 

Krener, Icon., p. 24. pl. 16. f. 1. 

Hab. Gulf of California (found in sandy mud); Babb, R.N. 


Having obtained a drawing and careful examination of 
this shell described and figured by Kiener, I find it to be 
very distinct from the P. olivacea, to which I incau- 
tiously ventured to refer it on the publication of that 
species (vide PI. IV. Sp. 27.). 


Species 96. 


Prevroroma tineata. Pleur. testd clavato-fusiformi, 
solidd, spira elatd, mucronata; luteold vel castaned, 
lineis longitudinalibus, undulato-angulatis, spadiceis, 
plus minusve vivid? pictd ; canali longiusculo ; colu- 


melld superne callosd. 


Tur tixeatep Puevroroma. Shell clavately fusiform, 
solid, spire raised, pointed; yellowish or chestnut 
colour, more or less vividly painted with waved, 
angular, brown lines; canal rather long; a solid 
white callosity on the body whorl. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 93. 


Variety a. (Fig. 966, Mus. Stainforth.) 
Testa luteola, lineis vividis, latis. 
Shell yellowish, lines vivid and broad. 


Variety B. (Fig. 96c, Mus. Hankey.) 
Testa medio coarctata, castanea, lineis subindistinctis. 
Shell contracted in the middle, dark chestnut colour, 
lines rather indistinct. 


Variety y. (Fig. 96 a, Mus. Stainforth.) 
Testa gracilior, lineis numerosis, subtilissimis. 
Shell more slender, lines numerous, very fine. 
Hab. Cabenda, west coast of Africa (found at the depth 
of five fathoms in mud washed down by the waters 
of the Congo); Hankey. 


The club-like peculiarity of this shell arises from the 
solid colourless matter which the animal deposits in its 
course of growth for the lodgement of one whorl upon 
the other. 


Species 97. (Mus. Gray.) 


Prevrotroma umpBixicata. Pleur. testd oblongo-turritd, 
pallide luteold, basi umbilicatd, spird acuminata ; 
anfractibus transversim lineariter insculptis, superne 
depressis, infra longitudinaliter costatis, costis pro- 
minentibus, subdistantibus ; labro sinuato-effuso, sinu 
lato; canali brevissimo. 

Tur umpBriicaTtep PLevrotoma. Shell oblong, turrited, 
pale yellowish or stone-colour, base umbilicated, 
spire acuminated ; whorls linearly engraved across, 
upper part depressed, below longitudinally ribbed, 
ribs prominent, rather distant ; lip sinuately spread, 
sinus broad; canal very short. 

Drillia umbilicata, Gray MSS. (private cabinet). 


Hab. ? 


The ribs of this shell, which is very peculiarly umbi- 
licated, assume almost the form of tubercles. 


Sowerby ded 


Llaactoma. LLAUM, 


Reeve bith 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Prate XII. 


Species 98. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prrvroromaasrricra. Pleur.testd cylindraceo-oblongd, 
spiraliter sulcatd ; anfractibus convexis, pallide lu- 
teolis, tricarinulatis, carinulis subobsoletis, carinuld 
medid rubido-fusco alboque articulato eximie astrictd ; 
apertura canalique brevibus. 

Tue tacep Pievroroma. Shell cylindrically oblong, 
spirally grooved; whorls convex, pale yellow, tri- 
carinated, keels almost obsolete, middle keel deli- 
cately laced with an articulated chain of white and 
reddish brown; canal and aperture short. 
Pleurotoma interrupta, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc., 

1833. 

Hab. Island of Annaa (Chain Island), found under coral 

on the reefs ; Cuming. 


I impose a new title upon this species in consequence 
of the word interrupta having been pre-occupied by La- 
marck. It is at present unique in Mr. Cuming’s col- 
lection. 


Species 99. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Puevrotoma crncra. Pleur. testa ovato-subcylindraced, 
Sfulvd, apice subulato-pyramidali ; anfractibus trans- 
versim bicarinulatis, carinuld crenata interveniente, 
anfractu ultimo carinato per totum ; aperturd canali- 
que brevibus. 

THE ENCIRCLED PLevRoTomA. Shell ovately cylindrical, 
yellow, apex subulately pyramidal; whorls encir- 
cled with two rounded keels with a very fine cre- 
nated or beaded keel running between, last whorl 
keeled throughout; canal and aperture short. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 92. 

Pleurotoma modesta, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Hab. Real Llejos and Island of Annaa (dredged from 
sandy mud at the depth of eight fathoms) ; Cuming. 


After carefully examining the identical shells de- 
scribed by Lamarck and Sowerby under the respective 
titles of cineta and modesta, I am unable to discover any 
specific difference between them. 


Species 100. (Mus. Cuming.) 
PLevroroma aTERRIMA. Pleur. testd acuminato-pyrami- 
dali, aterrimd ; anfractibus superne unicarinatis, ca- 
rind prominente infra crenulatis ; anfractu ultimo serie 


unicd mediand nodulorum, infra seriebus duabus gra- 

nularum ornato ; sinu latiusculo ; canali brevissimo. 

Shell acuminately 
pyramidal, very black; upper part of the whorls 
encircled with a single prominent keel, lower por- 
tion crenulated, last whorl ornamented with one 
row of nodules and two rows of granules; sinus 
rather broad ; canal very short. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Hab. Monte Christi, West Columbia (found under 
stones) ; Cuming. 


Tue vERY BLACK PLEUROTOMA. 


This species may be easily recognised by the rude 
blunted keel which spirally entwines the shell. 


Species 101. (Mus. Deshayes.) 


Prevrotoma PLuTEATA. Pleur. testd fusiformi, gracili, 
fulvd ; anfractibus convexis, pluteo superne ornatis, 
medio nodulis albidis catenulatis, infra subtilissime 
sulcatis ; sinu lato; canali elongato. 

Tur sHELVED Pievrotoma. Shell fusiform, slender, 
yellowish; whorls convex, upper part ornamented 
with a kind of shelf or parapet, middle delicately 
chained with whitish nodules, lower portion very 
finely grooved; sinus broad; canal long. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. i 


The shelf which passes round the upper portion of the 
whorls is not less characteristic of this species than the 
delicate chain of white nodules which encompass the 
centre. 


Species 102. (Mus. Cuming.) 
PLevRoTOMA NIGERRIMA. Pleur. testd acuminato-pyra- 
midali, nigerrimd; anfractibus superneé planulatis, 
prope suturam subnodosis, infra transversim concinnéi 
striatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis arcuatis, sub- 
distantibus ; aperturd oblongd, superne callositate mu- 
nitd ; canali longiusculo, subreflexo. 

Tue seT-BLAcK Pievroroma. Shell acuminately pyra- 
midal, jet-black; upper part of the whorls fiat, 
slightly knobbed near the suture, lower portion 
finely striated transversely, ribbed longitudinally, 
ribs curved and rather wide apart; aperture ob- 
long ; canal rather long and a little reflected. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 


May 1843. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Prate XII. 


Testa callositate in cornu brevi, quasi producto. 

Shell with the callosity produced, as it were, into a 
short horn. 
Pleurotomacornuta, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Hab. Panama and Bay of Caraccas (dredged from sandy 
mud at the depth of ten fathoms) ; Cuming. 


The callosity and reflexion of the canal serve chiefly 
to distinguish this species. 


Species 103. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA BICANALIFERA. Pleur. testd turritd, gracili, 
fulvd; anfractibus prope suturam concavis, levibus, 
infra longitudinaliter costellatis, costellis graniferis, 
lineis elevatis, decussatis ; aperturd oblongd ; ecanali 
labroque reflexis ; sinu lato, rotundato, quasi canalicu- 
lato. 

Tue two-canat Pievrotoma. Shell turrited, slender, 
yellowish ; whorls concave and smooth near the 
suture, longitudinally ribbed below, ribs small, gra- 
nular, and crossed with elevated lines; aperture 
oblong ; canal and lip reflected ; sinus broad, round- 
ed, channeled as it were. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Hab. Bay of Montija, Central America (dredged from 
sandy mud at the depth of ten fathoms) ; Cuming. 


I cannot very highly appreciate the specific title of this 
shell, because the technical value of the word ‘ canal,” 
as applied to the base of the shell, is in great measure 
injured when applied by analogy to a channeled sinus. 


Species 104. (Mus. Gray.) 


Pieurotoma catLosa. Pleur. testd oblongo-turritd, fus- 
cescente; anfractibus transversim striatis, superne 
depressis, infra longitudinaliter costellatis, costellis 
numerosis, subobsoletis ; aperturd oblonga ; labro co- 
lumellari calloso ; canali brevissimo. 

cattous Puevrotoma. Shell oblong, turrited, 
brownish ; whorls transversely striated, upper part 
depressed, longitudinally ribbed below, ribs small, 
numerous and somewhat obsolete; aperture oblong; 
columellar lip callous ; canal very short. 
Varencrennes MSS., Mus. Jardin des Plantes. 
Kiener, Icon., p. 50. pl. 18. f. 1. 

Hab. ? 


A solid heavy-looking shell, remarkable on account of 
the callous development of the columellar lip. 


TH 


= 


Species 105. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pievrotoma nExacona. Pleur. testd acuminato-pyra- 
midali, rubido-fuscd ; anfractibus hexagonis, subti- 
lissime striatis, tuberculosis, tuberculis per series sex 
oblique ordinatis ; aperturd subovatd ; sinu lato; ca- 
nali breviusculo. 

Tar HEexaGonat Prruroroma. Sheil sharply pyrami- 
dal, reddish brown; whorls hexagonal, very finely 
striated, tuberculated, tubercles ranging down the 
shell in six oblique rows; aperture nearly oval; 
sinus broad; canal rather short. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Hab. Guacomayo, Central America (dredged from sandy 
mud at the depth of thirteen fathoms) ; Cuming. 


I have only seen two specimens of this species, one 
collected by Mr. Cuming, the other by Captain Belcher. 


Species 106. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pievrotoma cLtavuLus. Pleur. testd subulatd, levi, albd, 
nigro-variegatd,inferne incrassatd; anfractibus plano- 
convexis, suturis subindistinctis ; aperturd ovali ; la- 
bro externo, incrassato, reflexo; sinu subcirculari ; 
canali brevissimo, paululum recurvo. 

Tue HOB-NAIL PLEuRoToMA. Shell subulate, smooth, 
white, variegated with black, lower part thickened ; 
whorls flatly convex, sutures somewhat indistinct ; 
aperture oval; outer lip thickened, reflected; sinus 
nearly circular; canal very short, a little recurved. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Hab. Bay of Montija, Central America (found in sandy 
mud at the depth of seventeen fathoms) ; Cuming. 


A very peculiar and distinct species, accurately repre- 
sented in the accompanying plate. 


Species 107. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Prevroroma mystica. Pleur. testd abbreviato-fusiformi, 
rubido-fuscd ; anfractibus superne concavis, striatis, 
infra angulatis, tuberculis albis, connatis, ad angulum 
acute carinatis ; anfractu ultimo inferne seriebus plu- 
rimis nodulorum cingulato. 

Tae mystican Puevrotoma. Shell shortly fusiform, 
reddish brown; whorls concave and striated round 
the upper part, angulated below, sharply keeled at 
the angle with white connected tubercles; last whorl 
encircled round the lower part with several rows of 
nodules. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

Hab. ——? 

Chiefly distinguished by the white turrited keel. 


werk, dd lth eb pimna® 


709 


Lleurotoma. (CALL 


109 6 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Pirate XIII. 


Species 108. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Preurotoma VavaueLini. Pleur. testa parvd, subtur- 
ritd, levi, pallide flavescente, longitudinaliter costatd, 
costis tumidis, subdistantibus, fulvo spursim et obscure 
punctatis ; anfractibus sex, superne angulatis ; labro 
tumido, intus acuto; canali brevi. 

Vavavuetin’s Prevrotoma. Shell small, slightly tur- 
reted, smooth, pale yellow, longitudinally ribbed, 
ribs swollen, rather distant from each, and painted 
with scattered and obscure yellowish-brown dots ; 
whorls six in number, angulated at the upper part ; 
lip swollen, sharp inwardly; canal short. 

PayranpeEau, Moll. de Corse, p. 145. pl. 7. f. 14 & 15. 

Puruipri1, Enum. Moll. Siciliz, pl. 11. f.19. 

Kiener, Icon. Coq. viv., pl. 26. f. 2. 

Hab. Mediterranean, Coast of Sicily, &c. 


Payrandeau describes the last whorl only of this shell 
as being dotted; the dots, however, which are confined 
to the ribs, appear throughout the shell, and dashed in a 
peculiar manner around the angle. In the specimen 
before me, received by Mr. Cuming from M. Philippi, and 
which is in excellent condition, the interstices between 
the ribs are almost colourless. 


Species 109. (Fig. a & 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Pievroroma Puruirrrnensis. Pleur. testa ovato-tur- 
ritd, ventricosd, subpellucidd, albidd ; anfractibus sex 
septemve, longitudinaliter costatis, costis eximiis, 
subcompressis, subdistantibus, nigro aut fusco alboque 
varie pictd; transversim liratis, liris minutis, sub- 
contiguis, numerosis ; columella subtortuosd ; aper- 
turd ovatd, ampld ; canali brevissimo. 

Shell ovately turreted, 
ventricose, rather transparent, white; whorls six 
or seven in number, longitudinally ribbed, ribs very 
delicate, rather compressed, somewhat distant from 
each other, and variously painted with black or 
brown and white; transversely ridged, ridges mi- 
nute, numerous and rather close together; colu- 
mella a little twisted; aperture ovate, large; canal 
very short. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Islands of Masbate and Luzon, Philippines (found 
under stones at low water); Cuming. 


Tue PuriippInE PLevuRoToMaA. 


It is impossible to do justice, either by figure or de- 
scription, to this very delicate and beautiful species, the 
chief peculiarity of which is the black and opake white 
irregularly-variegated blotching of the ribs. Several 
specimens were collected by Mr. Cuming at the above- 
mentioned islands, varying more or less in the number 
and proximity of their ribs: one or two specimens have 
as many as sixteen ribs on the last whorl,—twelve to 
fourteen is the average number. 


Species 110. (Fig. a & b, Mus. Cuming.) 


Pievroroma Cumrner. Pleur. testd ovato-elongatd, 
subturritd, pallide rufo-stramined, maculis parvis, 
saturatioribus, striisque albidis elevatis equidistanti- 
bus transversis ornatd; anfractibus septem octove, 
longitudinaliter costatis, costis leviter nodulosis, su- 
perne et inferne evanidis ; columella spiraliter plicatd ; 
canali brevissimo, leviter recurvo ; labro tenui, acuto, 
sinu parvo, distincto. 

Cumine’s Prevroroma. Shell ovately elongated, some- 
what turreted, pale reddish straw-colour, orna- 
mented with small spots of a deeper colour, and a 
number of white, transverse, equidistant, raised 
strie; whorls seven or eight in number, longitudi- 
nally ribbed, ribs slightly noodulous, fading below, 
and near the suture; columella spirally plaited ; 
canal very short and slightly recurved; lip thin, 
acute, sinus small and distinct. 

Buccinum Cumingii, Powis, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1835, 

Hab. Grimwood’s Isle, Pacific Ocean (found on the 
sands) ; Cuming. 

This and the two following species belong to a 
section of Pleurotome, which exhibit all the characters 
of the Buccina excepting that which entitles them to 
be Pleurotome. 
stinct though small, and its progress may be traced 
throughout the shell by the sinuated strie which mark 
that portion of each whorl next the suture. 


The labral sinus in this species is di- 


Species 111. (Fig. a & 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Prevrotoma Rissorprs. Pleur. testa elongato-ovali, 
levi, nitente, semipellucidd, albicante, fulvo pallidis- 
sime nebulose strigatd; anfractibus septem, tribus 


longitudinaliter plicatis; apice rubello; columelldé 


June 1843. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Piate XIII. 


spiraliter tortuosd ; canali brevissimo, leviter recurvo; 
labro subincrassato, intus eximié denticulato, sinu 
parvo, distincto. 

Tue Rissoa-Like Pievrotoma. Shell elongately oval, 
smooth, shining, semitransparent, whitish, washed 
with clouded yellow streaks; whorls seven in 
number, the first three longitudinally plaited; apex 
pink; columella spirally twisted ; canal very short, 
slightly recurved ; lip rather thickened, delicately 
denticulated within, sinus small, distinct. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the reefs) ; 
Cuming. 


This species reminds me somewhat of the Rissoa de- 
formis ; the first whorl or two are plaited as in that 
shell, the surface is moreover smooth and shining, and 
they bear a general resemblance to each other in size. 
The apex of this shell is peculiar in being pink, whilst 
there is not the least indication of that colour in any 
other part. 


Species 112. (Fig. a & 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Pievroroma Bonougrnsis. Pleur. testd subelongata, 
tenui, subpellucidd, albidd, fulvo subindistinct? vir- 
gatd ; anfractibus octo, transversim lineatis et liratis, 
striis quoque subtilissimé reticulatis ; columella spi- 
raliter tortuosd; canali brevissimo, paululum recurvo ; 
labro simplici, acuto, sinu parvo. 

Tue Bono Prevrotroma. Shell rather elongated, thin, 
somewhat transparent, whitish, rather indistinctly 
streaked or waved with yellow; whorls eight in 
number, transversely lineated and ridged, very 
finely reticulated also with strie; columella spi- 


rally twisted ; canal very short, a little recurved 
lip simple, sharp, sinus small. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines (found under stone: 
on the reefs at low water); Cuming. 


This shell, which is of a much thinner and slighte 
composition than either of the two preceding ones, i: 
very finely reticulated over with strie; and it has < 
number of lines and ridges running transversely acros: 
the whorls, but none longitudinally. 


Species 113. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA UNIzoNALIS. Pleur. testa. ovatd, subtur 
ritd, albido-grised, anfractu ultimo zond olivaceo 
fuscd cincto; anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis 
costis in medio tuberculatis, superne evanidis ; colu 
melld arcuatd, superné callositate munitd ; aperturc 
ovali, fauce olivaceo-fusca ; canali brevissimo. 

Tue zoneD PLevrotomaA. Shell ovate, somewhat tur 
reted, greyish-white, last whorl encircled with < 
broad, distinct, olive-brown zone; whorls longitu. 
dinally ribbed, ribs tuberculated in the middle 
disappearing before they reach the suture; colu 
mella arched, upper part furnished with a callosity 
aperture oval, interior olive-brown; canal very 
short. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 92. 

Kirvyer, Icon. Coq. viv., pl. 22. f. 2. 

Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found on the reef: 
at low water) ; Cuming. 


In the figure above referred to, the ribs appear to re. 
tain their grevish-white colour in passing through the 
olive-brown zone; this is not the case in the specimer 
before me, and I conclude therefore that the species 
varies in this respect. 


: ¥ 
iS | ie v 7 


= ine ink 
Ea a le 1 age WA 
: ‘ ayy. 1 oe 


a 


7 7 
an D 
rn) Ne 


5 w 


veaby ded bth @& pint 


we 


Specimens slighily magnified / 


Llearvotomia LCATV 


56 


HCC 


PERE h OPO Ms: 


Prater XIV. 


Species 114. (Mus. Cuming.) 
PLEUROTOMA GRACILENTA. Pleur. testd gracillim? fusi- 
formi, fulvd, anfractibus convexis, longitudinaliter 
costellatis, costellis leviter nodulosis, siriis elevatius- 
culis transversis decussatis ; labro subfleauoso, sinu 
lato ; canali breviusculo. 

Shell slenderly fusiform, yel- 


lowish or pale brown; whorls convex, longitudi- 


Tue stim PLevroToma. 


nally ribbed, ribs small and slightly nodulous, 
crossed by rather elevated transverse lines; lip a 
little flexuous, sinus broad ; canal rather short. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Loay, Island of Bohol, Philippines (dredged from 
sandy mud at the depth of seventeen fathoms) ; 
Cuming. 

A shell of simple character, unlike any hitherto-de- 
scribed species, though not presenting any very striking 
peculiarity. 


Species 115. (Fig. a & 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Preurotoma prssuutaTa. Pleur. testd subacuto-fusi- 
formi, fulvd vel cinered, anfractibus leviter convexis, 
longitudinaliter costatis, costis subdistantibus, striis 
transversis subobsoletis decussatis ; labro tenui, sinu 
parvo ; canali breviusculo, subrecurvo. 

Tue BARRED Pieuroroma. Shell rather sharply fusi- 
form, yellow or ash-colour; whorls slightly convex, 
longitudinally ribbed; ribs rather distant, crossed 
with somewhat obsolete transverse strie ; lip thin, 
sinus small; canal rather short, a little recurved. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Bolinao, Island of Luzon, Philippines (dredged 
from sandy mud at the depth of ten fathoms) ; 
Cuming. 


Although the ribs in this species are comparatively 
distant from each other, they vary considerably in this 
respect in different individuals; the more elongated the 
shell, the closer the ribs, as shown by the specimens 
here figured. 


Species 116. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pievroroma conrracta. Pleur. testd elongato-ovati, 
albiddi; anfractibus plano-conveais, superné contractis, 


costellis longitudinalibus numerosis, striisque trans- 


versis elevatis eximie reticulatis; sinu lato, canali 
brevi. 

Tur conrractep PLeurotoma. ~ Shell elongately oval, 
whitish ; whorls flatly convex, contracted round the 
upper part, delicately reticulated with numerous 
small longitudinal ribs and elevated transverse strie ; 
sinus broad, canal short. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Cagayan, province of Misamis, island of Minda- 
nao, Philippines (dredged from sandy mud at the 
depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. 


This species may be recognised by the peculiar con- 
traction of the whorls near the suture; the sculpture is 
not much unlike that of the C. gracilenta. 


Species 117. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLevroroma cEDo-NULLI. Pleur. testd lanceolato-fusi- 
formi, evimie turritd, apice acuto; griseo-albicante ; 
anfractibus in medio valde carinatis, carind com- 
pressd, pereleganter diadematd ; sinu amplo, canali 
longissimo. 

Tue matcHiess Preuroroma. Shell lanceolately fu- 
siform, delicately turreted, apex sharp; greyish- 
white; whorls strongly keeled round the middle, 
keel compressed, and very elegantly coronated with 
a diadem of sharp triangular appendages like flat- 
tened scales; sinus large, canal very long. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Bay of Panama (found in sandy mud at the depth 
of ten fathoms) ; Cuming. 


Although this beautiful little shell has not reached its 
mature growth, I do not hesitate to publish it as a new 
species ; the curious diadem of sharp flattened processes, 
which forms so striking a peculiarity, is somewhat like 
that of the Fusus pagodus, Lesson, figured by Kiener, 
pl. 5. f. 2. 
striz on the upper part of the whorls distinctly exhibit 
the traces of its earlier formation throughout their 


The sinus is rather large, and the sinuated 


several volutions. 


Species 118. (Fig. a, b & c, Mus. Cuming.) 


PLRUROTOMA CRASSILABRUM. Pleur. testd ovato-turrita, 
flavicante, fusco ceruleoque varie zonatd ; anfractibus 
convexis, supern? levibus, infra tuberculato-costatis, 


June 1843. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Ptarte XIV. 


costis striis transversis elevatiusculis decussatis ; 
apertura brevi, subrotundatd ; canali brevi, subtor- 
tuoso; labro valde? incrassato, varicoso, intus acuto, 
sinu rotundato. 

‘THE THICK-LIPPED PLEvROTOMA. Shell ovately turreted, 
yellowish, variously zoned with blue and brown; 
whorls convex, smooth near the suture. tubercu- 
larly ribbed beneath, ribs crossed with rather 
elevated transverse striz ; aperture short, rather 
rounded ; canal short, rather twisted ; lip very much 
thickened, swollen, sharp within, sinus rounded. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the reefs) ; 
Cuming. 

Variety 6. (Fig. 118 a.) 

Tesia incolorata, striis transversis fere obsoletis. 

Shell without colour, transverse striae nearly obso- 
lete. 


Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (dredged from sandy 
mud at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. 


The blue and brown colouring of the first variety is 
very conspicuous between the ribs. The var. 6, which 
is colourless, seems to have a thin epidermis upon it. 


Species 119. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Puevroroma Hrypsi. Pleur. testd ovatd, subinflatd, 
albidd, fuscescente pallide variegaté; anfractibus 


costis duabus, ultimo costis quatuor, distantibus, cin- 
gulatis, costellis numerosis, compressis, eximie can- 
cellatis ; aperturd ovatd ; canali brevi. 

Hinps’s Prevroroma. Shell ovate, rather inflated, 
white, faintly variegated with pale brown; whorls 
encircled with two distant ribs, the last whorl with 
four ribs, and delicately cancellated with numerous 
compressed smaller ribs; 
short. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Baclayon, Island of Bohol, Philippines (found under 
stones on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. 


aperture ovate ; canal 


This beautifully cancellated shell is closely allied to the 
P. tricostata (Plate XV.); the ribs, however, are more in 
Each whorl exhibits four 
transverse ribs on its formation, the two lower being 


number and less prominent. 


concealed in all but the last whorl by the lodgement of 
one whorl upon the other. 
formed over the surface of the shell by the longitudinal 
ribs crossing the transverse ones seem slightly concave, 


The cancellated spaces 


and have a very characteristic appearance. 

By the above title I wish to honour and keep in re- 
membrance the name of my liberal friend Richard 
Brinsley Hinds, Esq., R.N., on account of the services 
he is at this moment rendering to conchological science 
by his cautious examination and description of the new 
shells collected by Capt. Sir Edward Belcher and him- 
self during the late prolific expedition of H.M.S. 
Sulphur. 


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Puatre XV. 


Species 120. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pleur. testd acuminato-pyrami- 
dali, atrd; anfractibus prope suturam unicarinatis, 


PLEUROTOMA COLLARIS. 


infra serie unicd granularum cinctis, anfractu ultimo 
inferne granulifero, granulis seriatim digestis; caring 
granulisque luteis; aperturd brevi, canali brevissimo, 
lato. 

THE coLLAR-BoUND PLEUROTOMA. 

{ pyramidal. black; whorls encircled with a keel 
near the suture and a single row of granules below 
it, lower part of the last whorl covered with rows 
of smaller granules; keel and granules yellow ; 
aperture short, canal very short and broad. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Hab. Bay of Caraccas, West Columbia (dredged from 
muddy sand at the depth of eight fathoms); Cu- 
ming. 


Shell acuminately 


A little jet-black shell ornamented with a yellow keel, 
and granules of the same colour. 


Species 121. (Fig. a & 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


PLevroToma TRicARINATA.  Pleur. testd subovato-tur- 
ritd, subventricosd, albd, striis elevatis transversis et 
longitudinalibus exiliter decussatd ; anfractibus tri- 
carinatis, carinis ultimi eminentioribus ; sinu pro- 
fundo, latissime excavato ; canali brevi. 

Tur THREE-KEELED PLEURoTOMA. Shell rather ovately 
turrited, slightly ventricose, white, finely decussated 
with transverse and longitudinal raised striz; whorls 
three-keeled, keels of the last whorl prominently 
developed; sinus deep, very widely excavated ; 
canal short. 

Varencrennes MSS., Mus. Jardin des Plantes. 

Kreyer, Iconographie, p. 64. pl. 23. f. 4. 

Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Philippines (dredged from 
coarse sand at the depth of six fathoms) ; Cuming. 


This delicate little shell is remarkable on account of 
the strong and very prominent development of the keels 
upon the last whorl, and the pricked-like holes which are 
formed by the crossing of the elevated strie. The slit 
or sinus forms a very curious, deep, rounded incision. 


Species 122. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLevRoTOMA RETICULATA. Pleur. testd fusiformi-tur- 
ritd, fuscescente, maculis irregularibus fasciisve ob- 
scurioribus purpureis variegatd ; anfractibus rotun- 
datis, costis longitudinalibus lineisque transversis 
elevatis distantibus clathratis, papillis in angulis sec- 
tionum acutis ; sinu lato; canali brevi, recto. 

THE RETICULATED PiEeuRoToMA. Shell fusiformly tur- 
rited, brown, variegated with irregular purple spots 
or obscure bands; whorls rounded, latticed with 
longitudinal ribs and transverse elevated lines, 
forming sharp papille at the angles; sinus broad ; 
canal short and straight. 

Brony, Erg. nat. Reise, p. 555. 

Murex reticulatus, Renieri. 


Variety (3. 
Testa pallidior, canali breviore, costis fortioribus. 
Shell paler, with the canal shorter, and the ribs stronger. 
Pleurotoma Cordieri, Payrandeau. 


Variety y. 
Testa pallida, anfractibus superne subangulatis, papillis 
spinosis. 
Shell pale, with the whorls rather angular round the up- 
per part, and the papille spinous. 
Hab. Mediterranean. 


The spinous variety (var. y.) has been recently 
dredged off the coast of Nice by Professor E. Forbes, at 
the depth of from five to forty fathoms. 


Species 123. (Fig. a & 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Preuroroma LacTEa. Pleur. testd ovato-oblongd, tenut, 
subinflatd, lacted, costis carinisve rotundatis striisque 
ewvilibus cinctd; labro simplici, acuto; sinu parvo ; 
aperturd ovatd, canali brevissimo. 

Tue cREAM-coLoURED PieuRoroma. Shell ovately ob- 
long, thin, rather inflated, cream-coloured, encir- 
cled with delicate rounded keel-like ribs and striz ; 
lip simple and acute; sinus small ; aperture ovate, 
canal very short. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Bolinao, Island of Luzon, and Gindulman, Island 
of Bohol, Philippines (found under stones at low 
water) ; Cuming. 


July 1843. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Puate XV. 


The lip of this delicate shell does not become in the 
slightest degree thickened. 


Species 124. (Mus. Deshayes.) 


PievrotroMa HARPULARIA. Pleur. testd elongato-turrita, 
castaned ; anfractibus supern? unicarinatis, infra lon- 
gitudinaliter costatd, costis regularibus, obliquis, in- 
terstitiis subtilissim striatis ; canali brevi. 

Tue LirrLe HARP Prevroroma. Shell elongately tur- 
rited, chestnut colour ; whorls encircled with a 
single keel round the upper part, longitudinally 
ribbed beneath, ribs oblique and ranged with great 
regularity, interstices between the ribs very finely 
striated; canal short. 

Des Movuins, Révis. Pleur. p. 56 (note). 

Pleurotoma harpula, Valenciennes. 

Hab. Coast of New Holland; Kiener. 


As the specific title of harpula should be appropriated 
to the Murex harpula of Brocchi, a fossil species of 
Pleurotoma, I have thought it proper to adopt the word 
harpularia, proposed by M. Des Moulins in his valuable 
memoir entitled ‘Révision de quelques espéces de 
Pleurotomes,’ in the Transactions of the Linnean So- 
ciety of Bordeaux. 

I have to thank M. Deshayes for the loan of this in- 
teresting shell, brought in the ship “ Astrolabe” from 
New Holland. 


Species 125. (Mus. Gray.) 


Pievroroma rFuscescens. Pleur. testd obeso-turrild, 
solidd, fuscescente, anfractibus convexis, superne uni- 
carinatis, carind interdum granulosa, interdum quasi 
diffissd, infra longitudinaliter costellatis, costellis 
rectis, anfractis ultimi granulosis ; aperturd brevi, 
canali brevissimo ; labro incrassato, limbo acuto, sinu 
lato. 

Tur Brown Pievroroma. Shell stoutly turrited, solid, 
brown; whorls convex, encircled round the upper 
part with a single keel, which is sometimes granu- 
lous, sometimes split as it were into two keels, lower 
portion of the whorls longitudinally ribbed, ribs 
straight, granulated on the last whorl; aperture 
short, canal very short ; lip thickened, edge sharp, 
sinus broad. 

Gray, MSS. (private cabinet). 

Hab. ? 


Care must be taken not to confound this species with 


the preceding. The P. fuscescens is a short stout rude 

ly formed shell, very much contracted at the aperture, 
whilst the P. harpularia is of an elegant symmetrical 
growth, with the ribs ranging obliquely and never gra- 
nulous; and of several specimens of both species before 
me, none exhibit the least intermediate modification of 
these peculiarities. 


Species 126. (Mus. Cuming.) 
Pievroroma BrevicaupatTa. Pleur. testa abbreviato- 
fusiformi, solidd, luteold, apice basique fuscescentibus ; 
anfractibus convexis, superne unicarinatis, infra bi- 
carinatis, anfractu ultimo multicarinato ; labro sim- 
plici, acuto ; sinu amplo ; aperturd parvd, brevi, canal 
breviusculo. 

Tue snort-rarLep Preuroroma. Shell shortly fusi- 
form, solid, yellowish, brown at the base and apex ; 
whorls convex, encircled with a single keel round 
the upperportion and a double keel round the lower; 
last whorl encircled with single and double keels 
alternately down to the base, lip simple and acute, 
sinus large; aperture small, short, canal rather 
short. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Ticao (found on the reefs) ; Cuming. 


This shell reminds one somewhat of the P. jubata, but 
has no indication of the pretty beaded crest which di- 
stinguishes that species. 


Species 127. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Puevrotoma ruGiFeRA. Pleur. testd oblongo-pyramt- 
dali, apice acuto ; rubidd, interdum albd ; anfractibus 
superne crenatis, infra longitudinaliter costellatis 
ultimi dorso rugifero ; apertura brevi, canali_brevi. 
labro incrassato, sinu profundo. 

Tue wrinkLED Pievroroma. Shell oblong, pyrami- 
dal, apex sharp; reddish, sometimes white ; whorl: 
crenated round the upper part, longitudinally rib- 
bed beneath, back of the last whorl wrinkled 
aperture short, canal short ; lip thickened, sinu 
deep. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Hab. Gallapagos Islands (found in fine coral sand at th 
depth of six fathoms) ; Cuming. 


A sharp solid little shell with a remarkably stron; 


sinus. 


135 


Sowerby Seow 


It 


Lleuvotomea LUCXAVL. 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Pirate XVI. 


Species 128. (Mus. Stainforth.) 
Pleur. testd ovata, albidda, fusco 
sparsim et pallide tinctd ; anfractibus longitudinaliter 


PLEUROTOM A TRITICEA. 


costatis, costis obliquis, subdistantibus, transversim 

eviliter striatis ; spird breviusculd ; apertura ovato- 

oblonga, labro incrassato, sinu lato. 

Shell oval, whitish, 
sparingly and faintly stained with brown; whorls 
longitudinally ribbed, ribs oblique, very finely stri- 
ated transversely; spire rather short; aperture ovate- 
ly oblong, lip thickened, sinus broad. 

Kiener, Icon., pl. 27. f. 3. 

Hab. Indian Ocean; Kiener, 


THE GRAIN-OF-CORN PLEUROTOMA. 


A delicate little shell, in which one whorl appears to 
sink, as it were, into the other. It approaches some- 
what in form to the P. Vauquelini, and belongs to that 
group formerly distinguished by Dr. Leach, and in the 
present day by Mr. Gray and Mr. Hinds, under the ge- 
neric title of Mangelia. 


Species 129. (Mus. Cuming.) 
Prevroroma Purisertr. Pleur. testd fusiformi-turritd, 
rubidd aut purpureo-nigricante, interdum albi-balte- 
atd; anfractibus subrotundatis, costis longitudinalibus, 
lineisque elevatis confertim clathratd ; labro intus ex- 
iliter denticulato, canali breviusculo. 
Shell fusiformly turrited, 
reddish or purple-black, sometimes encircled with 
a narrow white belt; whorls somewhat rounded, 
closely latticed with longitudinal ribs and trans- 
verse raised lines; lip finely denticulated within, 


Puitpert’s PLEUROTOMA. 


canal rather short. 
Micnavp, Bul. Soc. Linn. de Bordeaux, pl. 3.f. 2 and 3. 
Krener, Icon., pl. 24. f. 4. 

Pleurotoma variegata, Philippi. 
Hab, Mediterranean. 


A much smaller and darker-coloured shell than the 
P. purpurea, but so closely allied in other respects that 
it might almost be considered as a variety of that species. 


Species 130. (Mus. Stainforth.) 
Pievrotroma nitipa. Pleur. testd ovata, subobesa, levi, 
nitidd ; luteold, lineis fuscis subdistantibus transver- 

sim pictd ; anfractibus leviter convexis, apicem ver- 

sus evimie plicatd ; spird acuminata, superne rosaced ; 
labro simplici, in medio leviter coarctato ; canali brevi. 
Tue suininc Prevroroma. Shell ovate, rather stout, 
smooth, shining; yellowish, painted across with ra- 


ther distant brown lines; whorls slightly convex, 


delicately plaited towards the apex; spire acumi- 
nated, rose-tinted towards the top; lip simple, 
slightly contracted in the middle; canal short. 
Krener, Icon., pl. 27. f. 4. 
Hab. Mauritius; Kiener. 


This species is remarkably distinct from any that I am 
acquainted with. 


Species 131. (Mus. Gray.) 


Puevrotoma Leurroyt. Pleur, testd subovato-fusiformi, 
tenui, inflatd ; anfractibus costellis longitudinalibus, 
lineisque transversis elevatis, confertis, ornatis ; lu- 
teo-fuscescentibus, maculis parvis rubido-fuscis hic et 
illic variegatis, fasciam medianam pallidam relin- 
quentibus ; labro intus incrassato, lacteo ; canali bre- 
viusculo. 

Levrroy’s Prevrotoma. Shell rather ovately fusiform, 
thin, inflated ; whorls ornamented with longitudinal 
ribs crossed transversely by close raised lines ; pale 
yellowish-brown, variegated here and there with 
reddish-brown spots, leaving a pale central band ; 
lip thickened, white within ; canal rather short. 

Micuaup, Bul. Soc. Linn. de Bordeaux, pl. 2. f. 5 and 6. 

Kiener, Icon., pl. 24. f. 3. 

Pleurotoma inflata, Cristoforis ; Philippi. 

Hab. Mediterranean. 

The central pale band is tipped round the upper part 
of it with a narrow belt of opake white. 


Species 132. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Purvrotoma ciavata. Pleur. testd acuminato-pyrami- 
dali, solidd, roseo-albicante ; anfractibus levibus, 
longitudinaliter costatis, costis subdistantibus, in medio 
subobsolete tuberculatis, tuberculis fuscescente-incar- 
natis ; aperturd brevi, latiusculd ; sinu lato, pro- 
fundo ; canali brevissimo. 

THE CLUB-SHAPED PLEUROTOMA. 
pyramidal, solid, white, tinged with very faint warm 
rose-colour; whorls smooth, longitudinally ribbed, 
ribs rather distant, somewhat obsoletely tubercu- 
lated in the middle, tubercles stained with pale dingy 
flesh-colour ; aperture short, rather wide; sinus 
broad and deep; canal very short. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Hab. Xipixapi, West Columbia (found in sandy mud at 
the depth of ten fathoms) ; Cuming. 


Shell acuminately 


The last whorl of this shell, being rather stout and 
solid in the middle, imparts a club-shape to the shell, 
which is very characteristic. 


August 1843. 


PLEUROTOMA.—P uate XVI. 


Species 133. (Mus. Walton.) 


Pievrotoma rncisa. Pleur. testa elongato-oblonga, so- 
lidd, acuminata, fulva ; anfractibus leviter convevis, 
striis solidis, elevatis, longitudinalibus, subobliquis, 
ornatd, interstitiis profunde incisis ; aperturd bre- 
vissimd, subrotundatd, sinu lato, profundo; canali 
brevissimo. 

Tue carvepD Prevrotoma. Shell elongately oblong, 
solid, acuminated, yellowish-brown or buff; whorls 
slightly convex, ornamented with solid, raised, lon- 
gitudinal, rather oblique striz, the interstices being 
deeply cut ; aperture very short, nearly round, with 
the sinus broad and deep; canal very short. 

Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

Hab. ? 


This species may be easily recognised by the close-set, 
deeply cut, longitudinal striz or fine ridges, which evenly 
cover the entire surface of the shell. 


Species 184. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Pleur. testd acuminato-turritd, 
albd; anfractibus subrotundatis, creberrime costellatis, 
costellis confertis, interstitiis transversim ewiliter sul- 
catis ; aperturd brevi, sinu lato, profundo ; canal 
brevissimo, subrecurvo. 


PLEUROTOMA PALLIDA. 


Tue pate Prevroroma. Shell acuminately turreted, 
white; whorls somewhat round, very sharply ribbed, 
ribs close, interstices very finely grooved across ; 
aperture short, sinus broad and deep; canal very 
short, a little recurved. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Hab. Puerto Portrero, Central America (found on a 
sandy muddy bed at the depth of thirteen fathoms) ; 
Cuming. 

The specimen here represented, collected by Mr. 

Hinds, is about twice the size of any of those originally 

brought by Mr. Cuming. 


Species 135. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Pieurotoma zEBRA. Pleur. testa ovato-oblongd, rubido- 
fusca; anfractibus superne unicarinatis, in medio 
tuberculorum serie duplici cingulatis, tuberculis par- 
vis, albis, compressis, anfractu ultimo inferne gra- 
nuloso-striato ; apertura elongato-ovali, labro incras- 
sato, sinu parvo ; canali brevissimo. 

Tne zeBRA Pievroroma. Shell ovately oblong, red- 
dish-brown; whorls encircled round the upper part 
with a single keel, round the middle with a double 
row of small white compressed tubercles, lower 
portion of the last whorl granulously striated ; aper- 
ture elongately oval, lip thickened, sinus small ; 
canal very short. 


Krener, Icon., pl. 23. f. 3. 
Buccinum zebra, Lamarck. 
Hab. Mauritius; Kiener. 


Lamarck was unable to discover the generic character 
of this shell, on account of his specimens being so en- 
tirely worn and broken. 


Species 136. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


PLEUROTOMA PURPUREA. Pleur. testd elongata, Susco- 
purpured ; anfractibus subrotundatis, costellis longi- 
tudinalibus striisque elevatis transversis, confertis, 
eviliter clathratis ; apertura ovato-oblonga, labro in- 
tus lacteo, sinu parvo ; canali breviusculo. 

Tue purPLE Preurotoma. Shell elongated, brownish- 
purple; whorls somewhat rounded, finely latticed 
with close-set longitudinal ribs and _ transverse 
raised striz; aperture ovately oblong, lip white 
within, sinus small; canal rather short. 

De Buarnvitte, Faune Frang., pl. 4. f. 10. 

Kuener, Icon., pl. 25. f. 3. 

Murex purpureus, Montague. 
Pleurotoma corbis, Michaud. 
Hab. Mediterranean. 


Kiener observes that this well-known shell is the 
Mangelia purpurea of Risso ; it does not however belong 
to that section of the genus so distinguished by Dr. 
Leach. 


Species 137. (Mus. Gray.) 


Prxvrotoma Quoyi. Pleur. testd ovato-oblongd, fla- 
vescente ; anfractibus in medio nodulorum serie du- 
plicit cingulatis (nodulis parvis, compressis), supra 
concavo-depressis, funiculo subnoduloso prope suturam 
superatis (funiculo maculis rubidis quadratis regula- 
riter picto) ; infra liratis, lirarum interstitiis eximie 
striatis ; aperturd oblongo-ovatd, intus fuscescente ; 
canali brevissimo. 

Quoy’s Prevroroma. Shell ovately oblong, yellowish ; 
whorls encircled round the middle with a double 
row of small compressed nodules, concavely de- 
pressed above, surmounted with a slightly nodulous 
cord, regularly painted with square equidistant red- 
dish-brown spots ; lower part of the whorls trans- 
versely ridged, interstices between the ridges finely 
striated; aperture oblong-ovate, 
brown; canal very short. 

Des Moutins, Rey. de Pleur., p. 61. 
Pleurotoma monile, Valenciennes ; Kiener. 

Hab. New Holland. 


interior 


pale 


I adopt the name proposed for this shell by M. Des 
Moulins, in consequence of its former title having been 
already used by Brocchi in reference to a fossil species. 
There are several specimens of it in the British Museum. 


Sowert 


Fleurotoma, 


PLE UR O TO MA. 


Puate XVII. 


Species 138. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prevrotoma piciraLE. Pleur. testa obeso-oblongd, ni- 
gerrimo-fuscescente, apicem versus incoloratd ; an- 
fractibus convexis, tuberculis albidis minutis seriatim 
clathratis ; aperturd breviusculd, sinu lato. 

Ture THImMBLE PLEURoTroma. Shell stoutly oblong, 
blackish brown, discoloured towards the apex ; 
whorls convex, finely latticed with a number of mi- 
nute whitish pimples arranged in rows; aperture 
rather short, sinus broad. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Bureas, Philippines (found under stones 
at low water) ; Cuming. 


The sculpture of this shell reminds one of the pimpled 
surface of a thimble. 


Species 139. (Mus. Powis.) 


Prevrotoma uastuta. Pleur. testd elongato-fusiformi, 

__ solidiusculd, albidd, fuscescente sparsim maculatd ; 

__ anfractibus liris subtilissimis numerosis cinctis, lird 
centrali lirisque superis majoribus, prominentibus ; 

~ canali gracili, fissurd profundd. 

Tue wirree savetin Pueuroroma. Shell elongately 

| fusiform, rather solid, whitish, sparingly spotted 
with light brown; whorls encircled with a number 
of very fine ridges, the centre and two upper of 
which are large and prominent; canal slender, slit 
deep. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 

_ This species is chiefly characterized by the stout 

double ridge that encircles each whorl near the suture, 


and by the central ridge that is formed in place of the slit 
as the shell advances in growth. 


Species 140. (Mus. Powis.) 


Pleur. testd acuminato-turritd, 
anfractibus superne depressis, fuscescentibus, liris no- 


ELEUROTOMA CUPREA. 


dulosis, subflexuosis, distantibus. longitudinalibus, or- 
natis ; aperturd brevi, sinu lato. 

E copPpeR PLeuroroma. Shell acuminately turrited, 
whorls depressed near the suture, light brown, or- 


namented with rather flexuous, distant, nodulous 
longitudinal ridges; aperture short, sinus broad. 
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 
Fab. ? 


The little dark brown flexuous ridges, passing down 
the whorls of a much lighter brown, have a neat and 
conspicuous appearance. 


Species 141. (Fig. a & 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Pieuroroma varicosa. Pleur. testd acuminato-turritd, 
anfractibus superne levibus, infra longitudinaliter 
costatis, costis subirregularibus, griseis, interstitiis 
griseo-ceruleis, transversin striatis, varicibus rudibus 
lutescentibus grandibus sparsis peculiariter notatis ; 
canali brevissimo, leviter recurvo ; sinu lato, subpro- 
Sundo. 

Tue varicose Prevroroma. Shell acuminately tur- 
rited, whorls smooth near the suture, longitudinally 
ribbed beneath, ribs rather irregular, greyish, in- 
terstices greyish blue, transversely striated, pecu- 
liarly marked with large rude scattered varices ; 
canal very short, slightly recurved; sinus broad 
and rather deep. 

Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Calapan, Island of Mindoro, Philippines (found in 
coarse sand at the depth of fifteen fathoms) ; Cu- 
ming. 


Variety /. 
Testa omnind fusca. 
Shell entirely brown. 
Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Philippines (found in coarse 
sand at the depth of six fathoms); Cuming. 


This species may be easily recognised by its promi- 
nent display of varices. 


Species 142. (Mus. Taylor.) 


Prevrotoma Inpica. Pleur. testa elongato-turritd, fu- 
siformi, griseo-albida, flammis fuscescentibus pallidis- 
simis ornatd; anfractibus transversim striatis, superne 
concavis, lird duplict in medio cinctis, liris minoribus 
numerosis infra ; aperturd angustd, fissurd profundd ; 
canali elongato. 


Tue Inpian Puevroroma. Shell elongately turrited, 


November 1843. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Puare XVII. 


fusiform, greyish white, ornamented with very pale 
brownish flames; whorls transversely striated, con- 
cave round the upper part, encircled round the 
middle with a double ridge, and with several smaller 
ridges beneath; aperture narrow, fissure deep; 
canal elongated. 

Desnayes, Mag. de Zool. 

BrxianceR, Voy. Ind. Orien., pl. 10. f. 9 and 10. 

Hab. Seas of India; Bellanger. 


Since resorting to M. Kiener’s figure of this species 
in despair of being able to identify it, I have had the 
good fortune to receive a specimen from the valuable 
collection of my .very worthy friend Thomas Lombe 
Taylor, Esq., of Norfolk. 


Species 143. (Mus. Royal, Paris.)| 


Prevrotoma Nova Zetanpim. leur. testd acumi- 
nato-turritd, subfusiformi, albido-rosed ; anfractibus 
transversim sulcatis, longitudinaliter striatis, prope 
suturas depressis, leviter crenulatis ; labro simplict, 
fissurd latiusculd ; aperturd angustd, fauce purpureo- 
rosaced. 

Tur New Zeatanp Purvroroma. Shell acuminately 
turrited, somewhat fusiform, pale rose; whorls 
transversely grooved, longitudinally striated, de- 
pressed near the sutures, slightly crenulated; lip 
simple, slit rather broad; aperture narrow, purple- 
rose within. 

Pleurotoma rosea, Quoy, Voy. del’ Astrolabe, pl. 35. 
f. 10 and 11. 
Hab. New Zealand; Quoy. 


Mr. Sowerby appears to have been the first to make 
use of the specific title of rosea (vide Plate V1, Species 
43.). 


Species 144. (Mus. Delessert. ) 


Prevrotoma striata. Pleur. testd obeso-oblongd, acu- 
minatd, pallideé olivaceo-flava ; anfractibus longitudt- 
naliter costatis, costis subobliquis, prominentibus , 
transversim striatis, striis exilibus, numerosis ; colu- 
mellé supern? callosd ; labro simplici, sinu lato. 

Tue striaTED Pievrotoma. Shell stoutly oblong, acu- 
minated, pale olive-yellow; whorls longitudinally 
ribbed, ribs rather oblique and prominent ; trans: 
versely striated, striz very fine and numerous ; co. 
lumella thickened at the upper part; lip simple 
sinus broad. 

Kreyer, Iconographie, p. 36. pl. 14. f. 2. 


This appears to be a very distinct species; it may b 
chiefly recognised by the determined character of th 
ribs. 


Species 145. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Prevroroma carponariaA. Pleur. testa turritd, carbo 
narid ; anfractibus prope suturas depressis, levibus 
infra costatis, costis angustis, distantibus, nodulosis 
columella callositate supern® munitd; canali brevi 
sinu latissimo, profundo. 

Tuer coat-BLACK Preurotoma. Shell turmited, coa 
black; whorls depressed near the sutures, smootl 
ribbed beneath, ribs narrow, distant, nodulous ; cc 
lumella furnished with a callosity at the upper part 
canal short, sinus very broad and deep. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

Hab. ? 


All the specimens I have seen of this dark Melaniz 
like species have the apex either decorticated or broke 
away, an indication of their living in brackish water. 


U 


flearotoma, PLA 


149 


Sowerby, del et luth prel. lith,.Linn 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Pirate XVIII. 


Species 146. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PievroToMA BELLA. Pleur. testd fusiformi, basi attenu- 
atd, gracili, pallide ceruleo-fuscd ; anfractibus ro- 
tundatis, longitudinaliter costulatis, lineis albidis ele- 
vatis decussatis, superne fusco fasciatis ; costulis gra- 
cilibus, granulis parvis sparsis instructis, suturam 
simplicem incurrentibus ; labro incrassato, sinu parvo, 
latiusculo ; canali brevi, attenuato-recurvo. 

Tue pretty PLEUROTOMA. 
at the base, slender, pale bluish brown; whorls 
rounded, longitudinally ribbed, crossed with white 
raised lines, banded with darker brown round the 


Shell fusiform, attenuated 


upper part ; ribs slender, furnished with small scat- 
tered granules, running into a simple suture; lip 
thickened, sinus small, rather wide; canal short, 
attenuately recurved. 
Clavatula bella, Hinds, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. West Coast of Veragua, and Gulf of Papagayo, 
Central America (found in“mud at the depth of 
from eight to thirty fathoms) ; Hinds. 


A very interesting species, highly deserving the name 
assigned to it. 


Species 147. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Prevrotoma pyramis. Pleur. testd elongato-pyrami- 
dali, antice subclavata ; albd, angulate costatd, heva- 
gond, transversim creberrime striatd, costis confluen- 
tibus, acutis ; labro incrassato, sinu lato, subsuperfi- 
ciali ; apertura parvd, canali brevissimo. 

Tue pyramip Pievroroma. Shell elongately pyra- 
midal, somewhat club-shaped anteriorly ; white, an- 
gularly ribbed, six-sided, transversely very closely 
striated, ribs sharp, flowing one under the other ; 
lip thickened, sinus broad and rather superficial ; 
aperture small, canal very short. 

Clavatula pyramis, Hinds, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Straits of Macassar; Hinds. 


This shell may be recognized by the hexagonal form 
that it receives from the subsecutive disposition of the 
ribs, 


Species 148. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Purvroroma merita. Pleur. testd ovata, acuminato- 
turritd, levigatd, luteold ; anfractibus plicato-costa- 


tis, superne angulatis, lined fused spiraliter cinctis, 


costis antice evanidis ; anfractis ultimi dorso fusco 
nebuloso, transversim striato; labro subincrassato ; 
canali brevissimo. 

THE DESERVING PLEURoTOMA. Shell ovate, acuminately 
turrited, smooth, yellowish; whorls plicately ribbed, 
angulated next the suture, spirally encircled with a 
brown line; ribs disappearing anteriorly ; back of 
the last whorl clouded with brown, transversely 
striated ; lip somewhat thickened ; canal very short. 
Clavatula merita, Hinds, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Gulf of Nicoya, Central America (found under 
stones at low water) ; Hinds. 


The brown hair-line running around the angle of the 
whorls is a very peculiar feature in this shell. 


Species 149. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Pleur. testd ovata, solida, 
acuminatd, intus extusque nigerrimo-fuscd ; anfrac- 


PLEUROTOMA LUCTUOSA. 


tibus levigatis, superné planiusculis, tuberculis minu- 
tis prope medium uniseriatim cinctis ; labro incrassato, 
sinu lato ; canali brevi. 

THE MouRNFUL Pievurotoma. Shell ovate, solid, acu- 
minated, dark blackish brown within and without ; 
whorls smooth, rather flat at the upper part, encir- 
cled with a single row of minute tubercles near the 
middle ; lip thickened, sinus broad ; canal short. 
Clavatula luctuosa, Hinds, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Bay of Guayaquil, and Gulf of Magdalena, Cali- 
fornia (found at the depth of from five to twenty- 
two fathoms) ; Hinds. 


A sombre-looking but very characteristic species. 


Species 150. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Puevroroma pouita. Pleur. testd fusiformi, albd, po- 
lita, angulate costatd, septanguld, costis confluentibus ; 
labro simplici, acuto, sinu parvo ; canali subelongato. 

Tue poxtisHep Prevroroma: Shell fusiform, white, 
polished, angularly ribbed, seven-sided, ribs flowing 
one under the other; lip simple, sinus small; canal 
rather long. 

Clavatula polita, Hinds, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Straits of Macassar (found in coarse sand at the 


depth of seven fathoms) ; Hinds. 


This fusiform species, in which the canal and spire are 


December 1843. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Puare XVIII. 


of equal length, fully shows that the extensive division 
of club-shaped Pleurotome should not be allowed to 
rank as a separate genus. 


Species 151. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Pievroroma pLumBEA. Pleur. testd ovato-fusiformi, 
pallide plumbed, JSuscescente fasciata ; anfractibus 
convewis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis numerosis, 
rotundatis, suturam simplicem incurrentibus ; labro 
tenui, acuto ; canali mediocri. 

Tue LEAp-coLour Pieuroroma. Shell ovately fusi- 
form, pale lead-colour, banded with light brown ; 
whorls convex, longitudinally ribbed, ribs nume- 
rous and rounded, running into a simple suture ; 
lip thin, sharp ; canal middling. 

Clavatula plumbea, Hinds, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

Hab. Bay of Magdalena, California (found at the depth 
of five fathoms) ; Hinds. 


Though a fragile shell, it is of a dull, heavy cast of 


colour. 


Species 152. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Pievroroma stotipa. Pleur. testd fusiformi, levigata, 
corned, olivaceo-fuscd ; anfractibus superne depresso- 
planis, infra tuberculato-costatis, costis albidis, bre- 
vibus, obliquis, antice evanidis ; apice papillari ; 
labro simplici, acuto, sinu lato ; canali breviusculo. 

Tue pupt-LooKine Pievroroma. Shell fusiform, 
smooth, horny olive-brown ; whorls flatly depressed 
at the upper part, tuberculously ribbed beneath, 
ribs whitish, short, oblique, disappearing anteriorly ; 
apex papillary ; lip simple, sharp, sinus broad; ca- 
nal rather short. 

Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc., 18438. 

Hab. Lagulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope (dredged 
from the depth of forty-three fathoms) ; Hinds. 


Care should be taken not to confound the PJ. stolida 
with the PJ. semicostata (Species 67), both of which are 
from nearly the same locality, and have the same horny 


appearance. 


Species 153. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Prruroroma Srnensts. Pleur. testé plus minusve fusi- 
formi, acuminatd ; anfractibus numerosis, convexis, 
longitudinaliter costatis, lineis elevatiusculis decus- 
satis ; costis confertis, subobliqus ; suturdé granoso- 
carinatd ; labro simplici, acuto, sinu lato, profundo ; 
canali nunc elongato, nunc breviusculo recurvo. 

Shell more or less fusi- 

form, acuminated ; whorls numerous, convex, longi- 

tudinally ribbed, and crossed with rather elevated 
lines; ribs close and rather oblique ; suture granu- 


Tur Curinesk PLEUROTOMA. 


lously keeled; lip simple, acute, sinus broad and 

deep; canal sometimes elongated, sometimes rather 

short and recurved. 

Clavatula Sinensis, Hinds, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 
Hab. New Guinea, Straits of Macassar, China Sea (found 

in mud at the depth of from five to twenty-one fa- 

thoms) ; Hinds. 


This species is remarkable for the variable length of 
the canal: some specimens may be referred to the nor- 
mal division of the genus with as much propriety as 
others to the Clavatula division. 


Species 154. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA SCULPTA. 
acuminatd, tenui, fulvd, fuscescente fasciatd ; anfrac- 
tibus planiusculo-conveais, longitudinaliter costatis, 


Pleur. testa elongato-turritd, 


lineis elevatiusculis subtilibus decussatis ; costis ro- 
tundatis, subcompressis, prope suturam desinentibus ; 
labro tenui, acuto; canali breviusculo. 

Tuer carved Pievroroma. Shell elongately turrited, 
acuminated, thin, yellowish, banded with light 
brown; whorls rather flatly convex, ribbed longitu- 
dinally, crossed transversely with fine raised lines ; 
ribs rounded, rather compressed, leaving off near 
the suture; lip thin, sharp ; canal rather short. 
Clavatula sculpta, Hinds, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Panama (found in mud at the depth of about seven 
fathoms) ; Hinds. 


A light neatly carved shell of which Mr. Hinds only 
met with the single specimen here figured. 


Species 155. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Prevroroma tata. Pleur. testd subclavatd, albida, po- 
lita ; anfractibus superne depresso-planis, infra tu- 
berculis grandibus prominentibus erectis uniseriatim 
cinctis ; anfractu ultimo tuberculorum serie duplici 
cingulato, tuberculis inferioribus valde minoribus ; 
labro acuto, sinu profundo ; canali brevissimo, sub- 
recurvo. 

Tue merry Prevrotoma. Shell somewhat club-shaped, 
white, polished; whorls depressly flat at the upper 
part, encircled beneath with a single row of large 
prominent erect tubercles ; last whorl encircled with 
a double row of tubercles, the lower of which are 
much the smaller; lip sharp, sinus deep; canal 
very short, a little recurved. 

Clavatula leta, Hinds, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

Hab. New Guinea and Straits of Macassar (dredged 
from the depth of from seven to ten fathoms) ; 
Hinds. 


Chiefly characterized by its sharp erect tubercles. 


HX. 


Plearclona 


1SE 


4/00 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Puate XIX. 


(Hight of the following species were dredged during the surveying voyage of H.M.S. Beacon, Capt. Graves, amongst the islands 
of the Grecian Archipelago, in 1841; the figures of them are considerably magnified.) 


Species 156. (Mus. Forbes.) 


PLevroroma crispaTa. Pleur. testd fusiformi-turritd, 

+ anfractibus convexis, carinis tribus prominentibus 
cinctis, interstitiis latiusculis, striis longitudinalibus 
obliquis eleganter sculptis, carinis anfractis ultimi 
subtilioribus, numerosis; albd, apice fuscescente 

tincto ; canali brevissimo, columelld perforata. 

Shell fusiformly turreted, 
whorls convex, encircled with three prominent keels, 
the interstices between which are broad and ele- 
gantly sculptured with oblique longitudinal striz, 
keels of the last whorl finer and numerous; white, 
apex stained with light brown; canal very short, 
columella perforated. 

De Cristorortis and Jan, Cat. No. 29. 

Puitrerr, Enum. mol. Sicil., p. 200. 

Hab. Mediterranean (found at the depth of from forty to 
a hundred fathoms) ; Forbes. 


THE cuRLED PLEUROTOMA. 


A species of great interest, on account of its having 
heen only known hitherto in a fossil state. 


Species 157. (Mus. Forbes.) 


Preuroroma aByssicoLa. Pleur. testd brevi, conica, 
nigricante-fuscd ; anfractibus tumidis, longitudinaliter 
costatis ; costis fortibus, striis elevatis subdistantibus 
decussatis, canali brevissimo. 

Tue DEEP-DWELLING PLEUroroma. Shell short, coni- 
cal, blackish brown ; whorls swollen, longitudinally 
ribbed; ribs strong, crossed by rather distant raised 
strie, canal very short. 

Fores, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1844. 

Hab. AXgean Sea (dredged from the depth of a hundred 
to a hundred and ten fathoms); Forbes. 


A small dark brown shell of very solid structure, in- 
habiting a deeper zone in the ocean than any species we 
have yet met with. 


Species 158. (Mus. Forbes.) 


Prevrotoma minutaA. Pleur. testd attenuatd, rubido- 


Suscd, anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis, costis for. 


tibus, striis elevatis subdistantibus decussatis ; canali 

brevi, recto. 

Shell attenuated, reddish 
brown, whorls longitudinally ribbed, ribs strong, 
crossed with rather distant raised striz ; 
short and straight. 

Fores, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1844. 

Hab. Aigean Sea (dredged at the depth of from ninety 
to a hundred and five fathoms) ; Forbes. 


THE MINUTE PLEUROTOMA, 


canal 


Species 159. (Mus. Macgillivray.) 


Prevrotoma pecussata. Pleur. testa ovato-fusiformi, 
lutescente-albd ; anfractibus convewis, striis elevatis 
transversim et longitudinaliter decussatis, striis lon- 
gitudinalibus anfractis ultimi subirregularibus, nunc 
confertis, nunc distantioribus ; labro simplici ; aper- 
turd ampla; canali brevi; columellé subtortuosda. 

Tne DEcUSsATED PLevrotomaA. Shell ovately fusiform, 
yellowish white; whorls convex, crossed trans- 
versely and longitudinally with raised striz, the 
longitudinal of which, upon the last whorl, are 
somewhat irregular, sometimes close-set, sometimes 
more distant; lip simple; aperture large; canal 
short ; columella rather twisted. 

Macertrivray, Moll. Aberdeen, p. 172. 

Fusus decussatus, Brown. 

Hab. Coast of Aberdeen, North Britain (brought up from 

deep water by a fishing-line) ; Macgillivray. 


I kindly thank Prof. Macgillivray for the loan of this 
rare and interesting species. 


Species 160. (Mus. Forbes.) 


Prevroroma Lycraca. Pleur. testd subabbreviato-fu- 
siformi, anfractibus convexis, superne angustatis, 
ultimo spire sesquilongitudinem equante, longitudi- 
naliter costatis, transversim striatis, striis elevatis, 
alternis majusculis ; aperturd lanceolato-ovata ; canali 
longiusculo, recto. 

Tur Lycrtan Pievroroma. Shell rather shortly fusi- 

form, whorls convex, narrowed at the upper part, 


last whorl as long, and half as long again, as the 


January 1844. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Puare XIX. 


spire, longitudinally ribbed, transversely striated, 
strie elevated, alternate ones rather the larger ; 
aperture lanceolately ovate; canal rather long, 
straight. 

Forses, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1844. 

Hab. Cape Artimesium, coast of Asia Minor (dredged 
from the depth of eighty fathoms) ; Forbes. 


The spire of this shell is unusually short. 


Species 161. (Mus. Forbes.) 


Prevroroma TERES. Pleur. testd clongato-fusiformi, 
spird acuminata ; anfractibus rotundis, teretibus, ad 
suturam complanatis, spiraliter costatis, costis levi- 
bus, prominentibus, interstiltis striato-cancellatis ; ca- 
nali elongato, gracili. 

Tue TAPERING PrEuvRoromA. Shell elongately fusiform, 
spire acuminated; whorls round, tapering, smooth 
at the suture, spirally ribbed, ribs smooth, promi- 
nent, interstices cancellated with striz; canal long. 

Forses, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1844. 

Hab. Gulf of Macri, coast of Lycia, Asia Minor; and 
island of Paros, Grecian Archipelago (dredged at 
the depth of about forty-five fathoms) ; Forbes. 


A very elegantly formed shell, remarkable for the ta- 
pering regularity of the spiral ribs. 


Species 162. (Mus. Macgillivray.) 


PLevroroma TurRicuLA. Pleur. testd oblongo-fusiformi, 
turritd, alba ; anfractibus supern? acutangulis, longi- 
tudinaliter costatis, costis ad angulum nodulosis, trans- 
versim subtilissime elevato-striatis ; aperturd subquad- 
rato-oblongd, canali breviusculo ; sinu subindistincto. 

Shell oblong-fusi- 
form, turreted, white ; whorls sharply angled round 
the upper part, longitudinally ribbed, ribs nodulous 
on the angle, transversely very finely striated, striz 
raised ; aperture rather squarely oblong, canal rather 
short ; sinus somewhat indistinct. 

Maceitxurvray, Moll. Aberdeen, p. 172. 

Murex turriculus, Montague, Test. Brit., ak Shit Jl 
Fusus turriculus, Fleming. 

Hab. Coast of Aberdeen, North Britain (found on hard 

ground in deep water); Macgillivray. 


THE LITTLE TOWER PLEUROTOMA. 


The sinus of this shell is so indistinct, that I was for 
some time doubtful as to the propriety of inserting it in 
the genus Pleurotoma. 


Species 163. (Mus. Forbes.) 


PievRoToma TuRGIDA. Pleur. testd obeso-fusiformi, ni- 


gerrimo-fuscd ; anfractibus turgidis, longitudinaliter 
costatis, costis fortibus, anfractis ultimi inferné 
evanidis, transversim subtilissimé  striatis ; 
brevi. 


canali 


Tue swoLtten Pievrotoma. Shell stoutly fusiform, 
very dark brown; whorls swollen, longitudinally 
ribbed, ribs strong, those of the last whorl disap- 
pearing towards the lower part, transversely very 
finely striated; canal short. 

Fores, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1844. 

Hab. Cape Artimesium, coast of Asia Minor (dredged 
from the depth of eighty fathoms) ; Forbes. 


This shell may be recognised by the peculiar manner 
in which the ribs disappear about half-way down the 
last whorl. 


Species 164. (Mus. Forbes.) 


Pueuroroma AtcEENsis. Pleur. testd subobeso-fusi- 
formi, fuscd ; anfractibus convexis, longiiudinaliter 
costatis, costis fortibus, alternatis, transversim stri- 
atis, striis minutissimis longitudinaliter decussatis ; 
canali brevi. 

Ture Alcean Prevrotoma. Shell rather stoutly fusi- 
form brown; whorls convex, longitudinally ribbed, 
ribs strong, alternated, transversely striated, crossed 
with very minute longitudinal striz; canal short. 

Forsss, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1844. 

Hab. Bays of the island of Amorgo, Grecian Archipe- 
lago (dredged at the depth of from ten to twenty 
fathoms) ; Forbes. 


The minute longitudinal strie cannot well be seen 
without the assistance of an ordinary lens. 


Species 165. (Mus. Forbes.) 


Prevrotoma Fortis. Pleur. testd acuminato-fusiformi, 
median? tumidd, spird peracutd ; anfractibus ventri- 
cosis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis fortibus, subdi- 
stantibus, transversim striatis, striis elevatis, allernis 
majusculis ; canali brevi. 

Tur srronc Pieurotoma. Shell acuminately fusiform, 
swollen in the middle, spire very sharp-pointed ; 
whorls ventricose, longitudinally ribbed, ribs strong, 
rather distant, transversely striated, strie raised, 
alternate ones rather the larger; canal short. 

Forses, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1844. 

Hab. Agean Sea (dredged at the depth of from seventy 
to a hundred fathoms) ; Forbes. 


This species may be distinguished by the strong ribs 
and swollen character of the whorls. 


- 
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Pleurctoma, Pl, Xk 


168 


PLEUROTOMA. 


PLaTE XX. 


Species 166. (Mus. nob.) 


BUROTOMA ROSACEA. Plewr. testd ovato-turritd, an- 
fractibus rotundatis, superne depresso-concavis, trans- 
versim subtiliter striatis, longitudinaliter crebricostatis ; 
canali brevissimo ; sinu lato, subamplo ; undique eximie 
rosacea. 

PINK PuEvRoTOMA. Shell ovately turreted, whorls 
rounded, depressly concave round the upper part, 
transversely finely striated, longitudinally closely rib- 
bed; canal very short; sinus broad, large; delicate 
rose-colour throughout. 

EVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

a). . ? 


This shell, of which I have seen another specimen in the 
lection of Mr. Burt, is of one uniform pink colour. 


Species 167. (Mus. nob.) 


UROTOMA BaHTICA. Pleur. testa turritd, anfractibus 
superné depresso-concavis, transversim elevato-striatis, 
oblique costatis, costis plicato-nodulosis ; canali_ brevis- 
simo; sinu lato, amplo; beticd. 

TE DARK RROWN PieuRoToma. Shell turreted, whorls 
depressly concave round the upper part, transversely 
elevately striated, obliquely ribbed, ribs plicately no- 
duled; canal very short; sinus broad, large; dark 
brown. 

EEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

ab. ? 


Of a dark shining chesnut-brown colour. 


Species 168. (Mus. nob.) 


LEUROTOMA OBLIQUI-costTaTa. Pleur. testa ovato-ob- 
longa, longitudinaliter costatd, costis angustis, obliquis, 
subundatis, supernd obtuse mucronatis ; canali brevis- 
simo ; albidd, rubido-fusco parce maculata, et variegata. 

HE OBLIQUELY-RIBBED PiEuRoToMA. Shell ovately 
oblong, longitudinally ribbed, ribs narrow, oblique, a 
little waved, obtusely pointed at the upper part; ca- 
nal very short; white, spotted and variegated here 
and there with reddish-brown. 

tzEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Tab. ? 


Although this shell has scarcely attained its full measure 
of growth it exhibits characters that I have not observed 
in any other species. 


Species 169. (Mus. Gruner.) 


PLevrotoma FucATA. Pleur. testé ovatd, crassiusculd, 
anfractibus superne depressiusculis, longitudinaliter cos- 
tellatis, costellis, subobtusis, strits transversis elevatis 
subobsoletis cancellatis, anfractu ultimo tubereulo gib- 
boso munito; canali brevissimo ; labro superne subsi- 
nuato ; alba, croceo-fuscescente fasciatd et variegatd. 

THE STAINED Prpuroroma. Shell ovate, rather thick, 
whorls slightly depressed round the upper part, lon- 
gitudinally ribbed, ribs small, rather obtuse, cancellated 
with somewhat obsolete raised striz, last whorl fur- 
nished with a gibbous tubercle; canal very short; 
lip slightly sinuated at the upper part ; white, banded 
and variegated with yellowish brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ——? 


The last whorl of this species has a swollen callosity at 
the back, after the manner of the Pleurotoma gibbosa of 


larger size. 


Species 170. (Mus. nob.) 


Pievroroma mmpLicata. Pleur. testd pyramidali-turritd, 
anfractibus superne peculiariter depressis, infra seriatim 
nodosis, nodulorum serie supremd transversim bilirata ; 
canali brevissimo ; apertura brevi ; albidd, epidermide 
corned olivaced undique induta. 

THE ENVELOPED PLEUROTOMA. 
reted, whorls peculiarly depressed round the upper 
part, encircled with rows of nodules beneath, upper- 
most row of nodules festooned with two close narrow 
transverse ridges; canal very short ; aperture short, 
whitish, covered throughout with a thick olivaceous 
horny epidermis. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. 2 

A species well distinguished by the marked depression 
of the whorls, and the festooned pair of ridges between the 


Shell pyramidally tur- 


uppermost nodules. 


October 1845. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Puate XX. 


Species 171. (Mus. nob.) 


PLEUROTOMA RUBRIFASCIATA. Pleur. testé abbreviato- 
Susiformi, anfractibus superne concavis, levibus, infra 
transversim striatis, et pulcherrimeé crebrinodulosis, no- 
dulis supremis, longitudinaliter confluentibus ; canali 
subelongato ; flavescente, rubro cinereoque fasciata. 

THE RED-BANDED PLEUROTOMA. Shell abbreviately fusi- 
form, whorls concave and smooth round the upper 
part, transversely striated beneath and very beautifully 
closely noduled, uppermost nodules longitudinally 
confluent ; canal rather elongated ; yellowish, banded 
with bright red and ash-colour. 

ReEEveE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


A very characteristic and pretty species. 


Species 172. (Mus. nob.) 


PLEUROTOMA SAcERDOS. Pleur. testd subfusiformi, utrin- 
que attenuata, crass; anfractibus superne valde de- 
presso-concavis, subangulatis, tuberculis transversim 
compressis ad angulum cingulatis, infra seriatim nodu- 
losis ; canali breviusculo ; carneo-albidd, flammis ma- 
culisque purpureo-rufis variegatd, anfractuum parte 
superiori cinereo tincté. 

THE PRIEST PLEUROTOMA. Shell somewhat fusiform, at- 
tenuated at both ends, thick; whorls very depressly 
concave at the upper part, subangulated, encircled 
with transversely compressed tubercles at the angle, 
with rows of nodules beneath; canal rather short ; 
fleshy white, variegated with purple red flames and 
spots, upper part of the last whorl tinged with ash- 
colour. 

ReEve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


The form of this species is very similar to that of the 
Pleurotoma virginea. 


Fig. 173.—A species of Melania from the collection 
Mr. Gruner, of Bremen, figured inadvertently for 
Pleurotoma. 


Species 174, (Mus. Deshayes.) 


PLEUROTOMA cRocaTa. Pleur. testd pyranidali-oblong 
transversim elevato-striatd, longitudinaliter costaté, a 
Sractu ultimo tuberculo parvo gibboso munito ; can 
brevissimo ; apertura brevi, sinu lato, amplo; albia 
epidermide croceo-olivaced indutéa. 

THE sarrron PLEUROTOMA. Shell pyramidally oblon 
transversely elevately striated, longitudinally ribbe 
last whorl furnished with a small gibbous tuberel 
canal very short, aperture short, sinus broad, larg: 
whitish, covered with a saffron-olive epidermis. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


I must express my thanks to M. Deshayes for sendir 
me this shell, which is quite unlike any other species. 


Species 175. (Mus. nob.) 


PLEUROTOMA OBELIScUS. Pleur. testd pyramidali-ovat 
anfractibus superné concavis, infra nodosis, anfract: 
ultimt parte inferiort granoso-liratd; canali brevi; sir 
amplo ; albidd epidermide flavescente-olivaced undigi 
indutd. 

THE oOBELISK PrEvRoTomA. Shell pyramidally ovat 
whorls concave round the upper part, nodose beneat] 
lower portion of the last whorl granosely ridged 
canal short ; sinus large ; whitish covered with a ye 
lowish olive epidermis. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. > 


Although the sculpture of this shell somewhat resemble 
that of the Pleuwrotoma fucata just described, the specie 
are perfectly distinct. 


Pleurotoma PL XXL. 


185, 


Sowerby, delet sculp < Vancent, Brooks, inp 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Prats XXI. 


Species 176. (Mus. Cuming.) 

PLEUROTOMA ARMILLATA. Plewr. testd pyramidali-ovata, 
subfusiformi, anfractibus spiraliter carinatis, carind 
mediand gemmulatd, gemmulis transversis ; canali bre- 
viusculo, sinu amplo, profundo; allidd, anfractibus 
supra carinam gemmulatam fuscescentibus. 

THE BRACELET-ENCIRCLED PLEUROTOMA. Shell pyra- 
midally ovate, somewhat fusiform, whorls spirally 
keeled, middle keel beaded, beads transverse ; canal 
rather short, sinus large, deep; whitish, whorls light 
brown above the beaded keel. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. 


Care must be observed not to confound this species with 
the Pleurotome jubata or gemmata, in which the beads of 
the middle keel are longitudinal, whilst in this they are 
compressly transverse. , 


Species 177. (Mus. nob.) 


PLEUROTOMA AQUATILIS. 
lida, spird acuminata, anfractibus levibus, superné de- 


Pleur. testé ovato-turritd, so- 


pressis, oblique plicato-tuberculatis ; canali brevissimo, 
sinu amplo; eburned, lineis plurimis subtilissimis un- 
dulatis, pallidissimé corneo-fuscescentibus, fasciatin 
picta. 

THE RIPPLED PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovately turreted, so- 
lid, spire acuminated, whorls smooth, depressed round 
the upper part, obliquely plicately tubercled; canal 
very short, sus large; ivory-white, painted with 
bands of extremely fine pale horny-brown waved 
lines. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 

The delicate and very characteristic wavy hair-line paint- 
ing of this shell is scarcely discernible with the naked eye. 


Species 178. (Mus. nob.) 


PLEUROTOMA FLAVESCENS. leur. testé ovato-turritd, 
anfractibus superné valde concavis, infra transversim 
striatis, nodosis, nodis subirregulariter costelleformé 
confluentibus ; canali brevissimo ; flavescente-olivaced. 

THE YELLOwIsH PreuRoroma. Shell ovately turreted, 
whorls very concaye round the upper part, beneath 


October 


transversely striated, noduled, nodules irregularly 
flowing down like small ribs; canal very short, yel- 
lowish-olive. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ——? 


The sculpture of this shell somewhat resembles that of 
the Pleurotoma fuscescens, the sutural keel of that species 
is however wanting, and the colour is uniformly different. 


Species 179. (Mus. Walton.) 


PLEUROTOMA FRAGILIS. 
tenui, fragili, translucidd, anfractu ultimo valdé maxi- 


Pleur. testd ovata, ventricosa, 


mo ; lineis subtilibus elevatis undique ereberrime reticu- 
latd quarum transversis fortioribus ; apertura ampla, 
sinuatd ; columella basique truncatis ; lucido-alba. 

THE FRAGILE PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, ventricose, thin, 
fragile, transparent, last whorl very much the largest ; 
very closely reticulated throughout with fine raised 
lines, of which the transverse are the stronger ; aper- 
ture large, sinuated; base and columella truncated ; 
transparent white. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 

T am indebted to the kindness of William Walton, Esq. 
for the loan of this interesting species, belonging to a small 
eroup which Mr. Hinds has generically distinguished by 
the title of Daphnella. 


Species 180. (Mus. nob.) 


PLEUROTOMA PULCHELLA. Pleur. testd ovato-turritd, an- 
fractibus superné depressis, medio plicato-tuberculatis, 
tuberculis angustis, confluentibus, anfractu ultimo tuber- 
culo gibboso munito ; canali brevissimo, sinu amplo ; 
vivide rosaced, fascia linedque castaneis spiraliter cin- 
gulata. 

THe prerry Prevrotoma. Shell ovately turreted, whorls 
depressed at the upper part, plicately tubercled in 
the middle, tubercles narrow, flowing downwards, last 
whorl furnished with a gibbous tubercle ; canal rather 
short; sinus broad; bright pink, spirally encircled 
with a chesnut-brown band and line. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


1845. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Ptate XXI. 


A pretty deep pink shell encircled with a bright chesnut 
- band, which is lighter at intervals where it passes over the 
tubercles. 


Species 181. (Mus. nob.) 


PLevuRoroma punctata. Pleur. testa fusiformi, anfrac- 
tibus superne valde depressis, levigatis, carina pared 
prope suturam, medio nodosis, infra granulatis ; canali 
longiusculo; sinu latiusculo; albidd, rubido-fusco punc- 
tatd, precipue super carinam et inter nodos. 

Tne porreD Prevrotoma. Shell fusiform, whorls very 
much depressed at the upper part, smooth, with a 
small keel near the suture, nodose in the middle, gra- 
nulated beneath; canal rather long; sinus rather 
broad ; whitish, dotted with reddish-brown, especially 
upon the keel and between the nodules. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. > 


This species approaches the typical form of the genus, 
but is not referable to any of those yet described. 


Species 182. (Mus. nob.) 


PLEUROTOMA LANCHOLATA. Pleur. testa lanceolatd, an- 
fractibus superne concavis, tuberculis obliquis plus 
minusve obsoletis medio ornatis, levibus, anfractu ultimo 
minutissime granulato ; canali breviusculo ; aurantio- 
Suscescente, tuberculis albidis. 

THE LANCEOLATE PLEUROTOMA. Shell lanceolate, whorls 
concave round the upper part, ornamented in the 
middle with oblique tubercles which are more or less 
obsolete, smooth, last whorl very minutely granulated ; 
canal rather short ; pale orange-brown, the tubercles 
whitish. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ——? 


This is not an adult shell, nor can the sinus be determined 
on account of a fracture in the lip; the species is neverthe- 
less well distinguished from any hitherto noticed. 


Species 183. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA SACRA. Pleur. testd ovata, solidiusculd, ba- 
sem versus subgibbosa ; anfractibus superne depressis, 
nodulorum serie unicd prope suturam, infra longitudi- 
naliter granoso-costatis, transversim minute liratis ; ca- 


nali brevissimo, sinu lato; albidd, anfractu ultimo 
fascia pallide fuscescente cingulata. 

Tur soLeMN PLEvROoToMA. Shell ovate, rather solid, 
somewhat gibbous towards the base, whorls depressed 
at the upper part, with a single row of nodules near 
the suture, longitudinally granosely ribbed beneath, 
transversely minutely ridged; canal very short, sinus 
broad ; whitish, last whorl encircled with a pale light 
brown band. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. » 


The whorls of this shell are peculiarly gibbous round 
the middle. 


Species 184. (Mus. nob.) 


PLEUROTOMA RUBINICOLOR. Pleur. testd ovata, subven- 
tricosd, anfractibus superné angulato-depressis, ad angu- 
lum obtuso-nodosis, nodis subplicato-confluentibus, levi- 
bus, ultimo basem versus obsolete striato ; canali bre- 
vissimo ; aurantio-rufa, nodis per angulum niveis. 

THE RED-COLOURED PiEuRoTOMA. Shell ovate, rather 
ventricose, whorls angularly depressed at the upper 
part, obtusely noduled at the angle, nodules some- 
what plicately confluent; smooth, last whorl obso- 
letely striated ; canal very short ; orange red, nodules 
along the angle snowy white. 

REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ——?~ 


Well distinguished from any other species by its form 
and peculiar style of painting. 


Species 185. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA NUX. Pleur. testd ovatd, subpyramidali, an- 
fractibus convenis, superne leviter concavis, ultimo sub- 
gibboso ; canali brevissimo, truncato ; sinu latiusculo ; 
rubido-castaned, columelld et aperture fauce albis. 

Tue Nut Preuroroma. Shell ovate, somewhat pyrami- 
dal, whorls convex, slightly concave at the upper part, 
last whorl rather gibbous; canal very short, trun- 
cated ; sinus rather broad ; reddish-chesnut, columella 
and interior of the aperture white. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Cape of Good Hope. 


A smooth dark reddish brown shell with no variety of 
sculpture. 


Talus ae - ; 


Plearctoma Pl. Sal. 


188 


190 


VAnoent Brookss, Imp 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Prate XXII. 


(Figures magnified.) 


Species 186. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA vioLAcHA. Pleur. testd pyramidali, acumi- 
natd, anfractibus multicarinatis, carinis duabus eminen- 
tioribus, interstitiis minutissimée et creberrime striatis ; 
columellé biplicatd ; canali brevi; sinu lato, inter ca- 
rinas eminentiores ; violaceo-fuscescente. 

Tue vioter Preurotoma. Shell pyramidal, acuminated, 
whorls many-keeled, two of the keels more conspicu- 
ous than the rest, interstices very minutely and closely 
striated; columella two-plaited; canal short; sinus 
broad, between the two more conspicuous keels ; violet 
brown. 

Hinps, Mollusca Voy. Sulphur, p. 16. pl. 5. f. 8. 

Hab. North coast of New Guinea and Straits of Macassar 
(in sandy mud from seven to twenty-two fathoms) ; 
Hinds. Philippine Islands (in sandy mud from four 
to seven fathoms) ; Cuming. 


The form of this species is somewhat variable, some ex- 
amples being more elongated than others. 


Species 187. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA DEBILIS. Pleur. testd fusiformi, gracili, 
acuminata, anfractibus transversim striatis, longitudi- 
naliter costellatis, costellis approximatis, suturam in- 
currentibus ; canali mediocri ; lutescente. 

THE FAINT PLEUROTOMA. Shell fusiform, slender, acu- 
minated, whorls transversely striated, longitudinally 
ribbed, ribs small approximated, running into the su- 
tures; canal middling; yellowish. 

Clavatula debilis, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 17. 
pl. 5. f. 16. 
Hab. New Guinea, Straits of Macassar ; Hinds. 


A slender species in which the whorls have not that 
sutural depression round the upper part common to most 
species of the genus. 


Species 188. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA ERICEA. 
anfractibus rotundatis, longitudinaliter costellatis, cos- 


Pleur. testé fusiformi, acuminata, 


tellis granosis, lineis elevatis decussatis, suturam incur- 
rentibus ; canali brevissimo ; pallide fuscescente. 
THE SHARP-POINTED PLEUROTOMA. Shell fusiform, acu- 


minated, ribs rounded, longitudinally ribbed, ribs 
small, granose, crossed with raised lines, ramming into 
the suture; canal very short; pale brown. 
Clavatula ericea, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 17. 
plbeteloe 
Hab. Magnetic Island, Coast of Veragua (dredged from 
mud at the depth of twenty-six fathoms); Cuming. 


The sculpture of this species is of a larger and bolder 
character than that of the preceding. 


Species 189. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA NITENS. 
anfractibus superné angulatis, longitudinaliter subobli- 


Pleur. testa clavatd, subexcentricd, 


qué costatis, costis prominentibus, acutis, ad angulum 
mucronatis, suturam incurrentibus ; canali brevi; sinu 
amplo ; fuscd, nitente. 

THE SHINING PLEUROTOMA. Shell clavate, a little dis- 
torted, whorls angulated at the upper part, longitu- 
dinally somewhat obliquely ribbed, ribs prominent, 
sharp, pointed at the angle, running into the suture ; 
canal short; sinus large; brown, shining. 

Clavatula nitens, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 20. 
pl Gartee luz 

Hab. New Guinea; Straits of Macassar and Malacca (found 
at a depth varying from seven to twenty-two fathoms) ; 
Hinds. 


A characteristic and well-defined species. 


Species 190. (Mus. nob.) 

PLevROTOMA CLARA. Pleur. testd pyramidali, subelongatd, 
anfractibus oblique plicato-nodosis, levibus ; canali bre- 
vissimo; sinu amplo; purpureo-fuscd, anfractuum parte 
superiori alba. 

Tue cipark Prevroroma. Shell pyramidal, rather elon- 
gated, whorls obliquely plicately noduled, smooth ; 
canal very short; sinus large; purple-brown, upper 
part of the whorls white. 

REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1845. 

Hab. ? 

A narrow elongated shell, in which the lower portion of 
the whorls is of a peculiar dark chocolate brown, whilst 
the upper part is white. 


October 1845. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Ptate XXII. 


Species 191. (Mus. Gray.) 


PLEUROTOMA CASTANEA. Pleur. testé subelongato-turrita, 
anfractibus superné concavis, medio plicato-nodosis ; 
levigatd, basi subtiliter sulcatd ; canali brevissimo ; 
castaneo-fusca. 

THE CHESNUT PLEUROTOMA. Shell somewhat elongately 
turreted, whorls concave at the upper part, plicately 
nodose round the middle; smooth, finely grooved at 
the base; canal very short ; chesnut-brown. 

REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


A light chesnut-brown shell, with a row of oblique pli- 
cated nodules encircling the middle of each whorl. 


Species 192. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLevUROTOMA vipuA. Pleur. testé subobeso-ovatd, spira 
acuminata, anfractibus superné depressis, medio plicato- 
nodosis, nodis crebris, longitudinaliter confluentibus ; 
levigatd, basem versus granosd ; canali brevissimo ; an- 
fractuum parte superiori nived, inferior: olivaceo-nigri- 
cante, granis albis. 

THE WIDOWED PLEUROTOMA. Shell rather stoutly ovate, 
spire acuminated, whorls depressed at the upper part, 
plicately noduwled in the middle, nodules close-set, 
flowing down; smooth, granuled towards the base ; 
canal very short; upper part of the whorls snowy 
white, lower part olive-black, granules white. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found at low water); 
Cuming. 


A species of interesting form and easily recognisable by 
its vivid contrast of colour. 


Species 193. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA PALLIATA. Pleur, testdé ovato-oblongd, an- 
Sractibus conveaiusculis, transversim subtilissime crebri- 
striatis, granulorum serie unica cingulatis, granulis con- 
spicuis, elevatiusculis ; canali brevissimo ; albidd, epi- 
dermide pallideé fulod undique indutd. 

THE CLOTHED PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovately oblong, whorls 
rather convex, transversely very finely closely striated, 
encircled with a single row of conspicuous rather ele- 
vated granules; canal very short; whitish, covered 
with a pale fulvous epidermis. 


Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 
Hab. ? 


Each whol of this species is encircled with a sharp row 
of granules, and the shell is clothed with an epidermis of 
very peculiar character and colour. 


Species 194. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLevROTOMA VARICULOSA. Pleur. testa pyramidali, gra- 
cili, acuminata, anfractibus rotundatis, superneé levibus, 
carind subtilissind juata suturam cingulatis, longitu- 
dinaliter subobliqué granoso-costatis, strits elevatis de- 
cussatis ; canali breviusculo ; sinu amplo, rotundato ; 
purpurascente-fusca. 

THE LITTLE-VEINED PLEUROTOMA. Shell pyramidal, slen- 
der, acuminated, whorls rounded, smooth at the up- 
per part, encircled with a very fine keel next the su- 
ture, longitudinally rather obliquely granosely ribbed, 
crossed by raised striz; canal rather short; sinus 
large, rounded ; purplish-brown. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Hab. Bay of Montija, South America (found in sandy mud 
at the depth of ten fathoms); Cuming. 


A slender delicately formed species in which the longi- 
tudinal ribs have a close varix-like appearance. 


Species 195. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA CINEREA. leur. testé ovaté, acuminata, 
anfractibus superné depressis, levibus, transversim stri- 
atis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis superne tubercu- 
latis, anfractiis ultimi inferne bifidis, spire sutura cre- 
natdé ; columella labroque intus crenulatis ; canali bre- 
viusculo ; sinu amplo ; cinereo-fulva. 

Tue asHy Pievrotoma. Shell ovate, acuminated, whorls 
depressed at the upper part, smooth, transversely 
striated, longitudinally ribbed, ribs tuberculated at 
the upper part, those of the last whorl divided into 
two towards the lower; suture of the spire crenated ; 
lip and columella crenulated within; canal rather 
short, sinus large; ashy fulvous colour. 

Clavatula cinerea, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 18. 
pl. 6. f.3. 


Hab. ? 


Distinguished by the crenated suture of the spire and 
bifid termination of the ribs as seen on the last whorl. 


Plearctema Pl. XYMT 


198 


=by,deLet hth Venn ee ne 
Vincent Brooks, imp 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Prate XXIII. 


(Figures magnified.) 


Species 196. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA PARDALIS. Pleur. testd ovatd, subobtusd, 
longitudinaliter costellatd, costellis undatis, interstitiis 
striatis ; aperturd oblonga ; labro intus acunilato ; ca- 
nali brevi ; fusco-nigricante, costellis conspicue fulvis. 

THE PANTHER PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, rather obtuse, 
longitudinally ribbed, ribs small, waved, interstices 
striated; aperture oblong, lip crenulated within; ca- 
nal short; blackish brown, ribs conspicuously ful- 
vous-yellow. y 
Clavatula pardalis, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 22. 

pl. 7. f. 1. 

Hab. Gulf of Nicoya (found under stones at low water) ; 

Hinds. 


The waved fulvous ribs upon a very dark brown ground 
give a characteristic striped appearance to the shell. 


Species 197. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLevRoTOMA occaTa. Pleur. testd attenuato-ovatd, sub- 
Susiformi ; anfractibus longitudinaliter angulat? costa- 
tis, costis grandibus, transversin evaratis ; aperturd 
angustd ; canali brevi, corned, flavicante. 

THE HARROWED PLEeUROTOMA. Shell attenuately ovate, 
somewhat fusiform; whorls longitudinally angularly 
ribbed, ribs large, transversely furrowed ; aperture 
narrow ; canal short ; horny, yellowish. 

Clavatula occata, Hinds, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1845. 

Hab. Magnetic Island, West Coast of Veragua; Hinds. 


A solid shell, distinguished by its broad furrowed ribs 
and attenuated form. 


Species 198. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA NEBULA. leur. testd oblongo-turritd, an- 
Fractibus superne paululum depressis, longitudinaliter 
costatis, costis levibus, obtusis, interstitiis transversim 
striatis ; apertura parva ; sinu lato ; canali brevissimo, 
truncato ; corneo-fuscescente, subpellucida. 

Tur roc PLevroroma. Shell oblong turreted, whorls a 
little depressed at the upper part, longitudinally rib- 
bed, ribs smooth, obtuse, interstices transversely stri- 


ated; aperture small; sinus broad; canal very short, 

truncated ; dull horny brown, somewhat transparent. 

Murex nebula, Montagne, Test. Brit., pl. 16. f. 6. 
Hab. Britain. 


A dull horny looking shell, and a decided Plewrotoma. 


Species 199. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA PuDICA. Pleur. testd fusiformi, acuminaté, 
anfractibus superne depressis, levibus, infra, costatis, 
costis obliquis, acutis, anfractiis ultimi dorso obsoletis ; 
apertura ovatd, canali longiusculo ; sinu amplo, pro- 
Sundo ; fuscescente, nitidissimd, anfractiis ultimi dorso 
macula amplé rubido-castaned picto. 

THE cHASTE PLEUROTOMA. Shell fusiform, acuminated, 
whorls depressed at the upper part, smooth, ribbed 
beneath, ribs oblique, sharp, obsolete on the back of 
the last whorl; aperture ovate; canal rather long ; 
sinus broad, deep ; pale brown, very shining, back of 
the last whorl painted with a large reddish-chesnut 
spot. 

Clavatula pudica, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 20. 
pl. 6. f. 11 and 12. 

Hab. Gulf of Papagayo, Central America (dredged from 
mud at a depth of from eight to fourteen fathoms) ; 
Hinds. 


A pretty glittering shell, the last whorl of which is 
smooth and clouded with a large reddish-chesnut spot. 


Species 200. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA IMPRESsSA. Pleur. testa Susiformi, acumi- 
natd, anfractibus tuberculato-costatis, costis obliquis, 
interstitiis transversim striatis, anfractiis ultimi dorso 
levigato; canali brevi; sinu amplo ; albido-carned, 
costis albidis. 

THE IMPRESSED PLEUROTOMA. Shell fusiform, acumi- 
nated, whorls tubercularly ribbed, ribs oblique, inter- 
stices transversely striated, back of the last whorl 
smooth, canal short ; sinus large; pale flesh-colour, 
ribs whitish. 

Clavatula impressa, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 21. 
pl. 6. f, 23, 24. 


October 1845, 


PLEUROTOMA.—Piate XXIII. 


Hab. Gulf of Papagayo, Central America (dredged from 
sandy mud at a depth of from eight to fourteen fa- 
thoms) ; Hinds. 


A warm flesh-coloured shell with the outer lip a little 
expanded. 


Species 201. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA EXARATA. Pleur. test@ pyramidali, anfrac- 
tibus transversim granoso-striatis, medio leviter angu- 
latis, ad angulum minut? nodulosis, inter nodulis longi- 
tudinaliter exaratis ; canali brevissimo, truncato ; sinu 
amplo; pallid? fulvd, sulcis longitudinalibus fusco- 
punctatis. 

THE PLOUGHED PLEuRoToMA. Shell pyramidal, whorls 
transversely granosely striated, slightly angulated in 
the middle, minutely noduled at the angle, longitu- 
dinally grooved between the nodules; canal very 
short, truncated, sinus large; pale fulvous colour, 
longitudinal grooves dotted with brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


The narrow longitudinal grooves in this species are very 
characteristic. 


Species 202. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA GRAVIS. Pleur. test fusiformi, anfractibus 
superné plano-depressis, angulatis, tuberculis parvis ad 
angulum seriatim cinctis, canali longiusculo ; rubido- 
fuscd, corned, tuberculis albidis, aperture fauce fusca. 

Tur HEAVY Pievrotoma. Shell fusiform, whorls flatly 
depressed at the upper part, angulated, encircled at 
the angle with small tubercles, canal rather long; 
reddish-brown, horny, tubercles white ; interior of the 
aperture brown. 

Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 16. pl. 5. f. 6. 

Hab. L’Agulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope (dredged from 
the depth of forty-three fathoms) ; Hinds. 


A stout dark horny looking shell. 


For Species 203 see Plate XXVIHL., the specimen here re- 
presented being a dark coloured example of the Pleuro- 
toma nebula, Species 198. 


Species 204. (Mus. Hinds.) 


PLEUROTOMA RoBUSTA. Pleur. testd ovato-turritd, spira 
acuminata, anfractibus superné angulatis, ad angulum 
costatis, transversim elevato-striatis ; labro crenato, sinu 
amplo; canali brevi; albida. 

THE RoBUsT PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovately turreted, spire 
acuminated, whorls angulated at the upper part, rib- 
bed at the. angle, transversely elevately striated ; lip 
crenated, sinus large; canal short; whitish. 
Clavatula robusta, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 17. 

pl. 5. f. 12. 

Hab. Hong-Kong, China (found in sandy mud at a depth 

of from four to seven fathoms) ; Hinds. 


This species is quite colourless, and it is a curious cir- 
cumstance that China shells mostly are; Scalwria pretiosa, 
Tsocardia Moltkiana, Murex pinnatus, Venus thiara, for 
example. 


Species 205. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prevroroma viTtaTa. Pleur. testd abbreviato-ovatd, so- 
lida, gibbosd, spird subacuminata, anfractibus superné 
depressis, medio plicato-tuberculatis, infra granulatis ; 
labro incrassato, sinu latiusculo ; albidd, vittd fascidve 
lutescente-fuscd conspicud supra tuberculos ornatd. 

THE RIBAND-BOUND PLEuROoToMA. Shell abbreviately 
ovate, whorls depressed at the upper part, plicately 
tubercled round the middle; granulated beneath ; lip 
thickened, sinus rather broad; whitish, ornamented 
above the tubercles with a conspicuous yellowish 
brown riband or band. 

Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ——? 


A stout gibbous shell, remarkable, independant of any 
peculiarity of form, for its contrast of colour. 


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Plearotoma Pl. ATTY. 


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PLEUROTOMA. 


Prate XXIV. 


(Figures magnified.) 


Species 206. (Mus. Belcher.) 


LEUROTOMA Dapunetiorpes. Plew. testa ovato-ob- 
longa, tenui, basem versus attenuata, anfractibus rotun- 
dis, superné plano-angulatis, striis transversis et longi- 
tudinalibus eleganter cancellatis ; columellé arcuatd, 
ad basin striatd; canali breviusculo; albidd, fusco 
marmorata. 

He DAPHNELLA-LIKE PLEvRoToMA. Shell ovately 
oblong, thin, attenuated towards the base, whorls 
rounded, flatly angulated round the upper part, ele- 
gantly cancellated with transverse and longitudinal 
strie ; columella arched, striated at the base; canal 
rather short ; whitish, marbled with brown. 
Daphnella marmorata, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, 

8b Pde ol Yio we NG 

fab. New Guinea (found in mud at the depth of six fa- 
thoms); Cuming. 


A light ventricose species peculiarly attenuated towards 
he base. 


Species 207. (Mus. Cuming.) 


LEUROTOMA OLYRA. 
nui, subpellucidd, spird brevi; levigatd, aut obsolete 


Pleur. testa cylindraceo-ovata, te- 


striata ; aperturd longiuscula ; canali brevissimo, trun- 
cato ; nived, apice roseo. 

‘HE GRAIN PLEuROToMa. Shell cylindrically ovate, thin, 
somewhat transparent, spire short; smooth or ob- 
soletely striated; aperture rather long; canal very 
short, truncated ; snowy white, apex rose-colour. 

XEEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

inh. ——? 


A delicate white semi-transparent shell with a pink apex. 


Species 208. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA FIMBRIATA. Plewr. testd ovatd, anfractibus 
rotundis, longitudinaliter crebrilaminatis, laminis bre- 
vibus, numerosis, dentatis, refleis; labro crenulato, 
refleco, sinu minimo; canali breviusculo ; pallidé ru- 
bido-fuscd, albifasciata. 

Dun FIMBRIATED PiEuROTOMA. Shell ovate, whorls 
round, longitudinally closely laminated, laminze short, 
numerous, dentated, reflected; lip crenulated, reflected, 


sinus very small; canal rather short; pale reddish 

brown, banded with white. 

Clavatula fimbriata, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 22. 
IG Uo tin 


Hab. North coast of New Guinea (found in mud at the 
depth of twenty-two fathoms); Cuming. 


The sculpture of this species is of very peculiar charac- 
ter, consisting of a numerous succession of dentated re- 
flected amine. 


Species 209. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA ORNATA. 
ventricosd, anfractibus convewis, striis decussantibus 


Pleur. testi ovato-oblonga, tenui, 


cancellatis ; aperturé ampld, sinu latiusculo ; canali 
brevissimo, truncato ; pallide fulvd, maculis quadratis 
rufis, seriatim dispositis ornata. 

THE ORNAMENTED PiEvROTOMA. Shell ovately oblong, 
thin, ventricose, whorls convex, cancellated with de- 
cussating striz; aperture large, sinus rather broad ; 
canal very short, truncated; pale fulvous colour, or- 
namented with rows of small square red spots. 
Daphnella ornata, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 25. 

alk Yo ak BL. 

Hab. New Guinea (found in mud at the depth of six 
fathoms) ; Hinds. 


The aperture of this species is very large, and distin- 
guishes it as a good typical example of Mr. Hinds’ genus 
Daphnella. 


Species 210. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA FLAMMEA. leur. testa subelongato-clavatd, 
anfractibus convexis, transversim striatis ; canali brevi, 
truncato ; labro incrassato, intus minute crenulato, sinu 
subobsoleto ; albida, flammis longitudinalibus undulatis 
ornata. 

THE FLAME-MARKED Purvrotoma. Shell somewhat 
elongately club-shaped, whorls convex, transversely 
striated; canal short, truncated ; lip thickened, mi- 
nutely crenulated within, sinus somewhat obsolete, 
whitish, ornamented with waved longitudinal flames. 
Clavatula flammea, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 21. 

pl. 6, f. 21. 


October 1845. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Ptate XXIV. 


Hab. New Trelatd (found among coarse sand at low wa- 
ter); Hinds. 


A shell of rather solid structure compared with others 
of the same group. 


Species 211. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA SUBULA. Pleur. testd acuminato-attenuata, 
striis elevatis transversis et longitudinalibus creberrimé 
reticulata, carind plano-obtusd prope suturam ; canali 
breviusculo, sinu distincto ; albidd, maculis parvis pal- 
lide aurantio-fuscis juxta suturam. 

THE LITTLE AWL PLEvRoToMA. Shell acuminately atten- 
uated, very closely reticulated with transverse and 
longitudinal raised strice, with a flatly obtuse keel near 
the suture ; canal rather short, sinus distinct ; whitish, 
painted next the suture with pale orange-brown spots. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Philippines (found among coarse 
sand at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming. 


Of an attenuated subulate form, very closely reticulated. 


Species 212. (Mus. Cuming.) 
PLEUROTOMA AUREOLA. 
tenut, semipellucida, transversim liratd, liris parvis, ob- 
tusis, longitudinaliter subtilissimé crebristriatd ; canali 


Pleur., testa acuminato-elongatd, 


brevi, labro intus crenulato, sinw parvo, distincto ; 
aureold. 

THE GOLDEN PrevRoroma. Shell acuminately elongated, 
thin, semitransparent, transversely ridged, ridges 
small, obtuse, longitudinally very finely closely stri- 
ated; canal short, lip crenulated within, sinus small, 
distinct ; pale golden colour. 

Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. 


A delicate shell of so bright a hyaline texture that the 
pillar of the shell may be seen throughout. 


Species 213. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA saTURATA. Plewr. testd pyramidali-acumi- 
natd, inferne subcontractd, anfractibus striis transversis 
et longitudinalibus creberrime granoso-reticulatis ; ca- 
nali breviusculo ; labro subtiliter crenulato, sinu dis- 
tincto; intus extusque fused, fasciis albis longitudina- 
hibus subdistantibus, facia unicd transversd in anfractu 
ultimo, ornata. 

THE DEEP-COLOURED PLEUROTOMA. Shell pyramidally 
acuminated, somewhat contracted at the lower part, 
whorls closely granosely reticulated with raised strie ; 


canal rather short ; lip finely crenulated, sinus distine 
deep bright brown within and without, ornament 
with rather distant longitudinal white bands, with 
single transverse band on the last whorl. 

ReExveE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab, Island of Corrigidor, Philippines (found among coar 
sand at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming. 


This interesting and very characteristic species is of 
bright deep brown colour marked out into large irreeul 
squares by whitish bands. 


Species 214. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA IGNIFLUA. Pleur, testa ovato-oblongd, tran 
versim creberrime elevato-striatd, longitudinaliter ce 
tis latiusculis approximatis, apicem versus conspicu 
basin versus obsoletis ; canali brevi ; labro intus cren 
lato, sinu superficiario ; albidd, flammis fulvo-auranti 
undato-fluentibus ornatda. 

THE FIRE-FLOWING PLEuROTOMA. Shell ovately oblon 
transversely very closely elevately striated, longitué 
nally ribbed, ribs rather broad, approximated, co 
spicuous towards the apex, obsolete towards the bas 
canal short, crenulated within, sinus superficia 
whitish, ornamented with waved-flowing fulvor 
orange flames. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. > 


A strongly marked species partaking almost as much 
the characters of Triton as of Plewrotoma. 


Species 215. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA PATULA. Pleur. testd ovato-oblongd, infer 
ventricosa, subobliqua, anfractibus tenuibus, transversi 
subtilissime et creberrimé striatis ; canali brevissim 
truncato ; labro simplici, sinu profundo, apertura an 
pla; albidd, flammis fulvo-aurantiis, undatis, longit 
dinaliter fluentibus ornatd. 

THE OPEN-MoUTH PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovately oblon: 
ventricose towards the lower part, rather obliqu 
whorls thin, transversely very finely and closely str 
ated; canal very short, truncated; lip simple, sim 
deep, aperture large; whitish, ornamented with lor 
gitudinally flowing waved fulvous orange flames. 

REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab, Bolinao, Island of Luzon, Philippines (found und 
stones at low water); Cuming. 


The species in this plate all present very distinct an 
characteristic variations of form and sculpture. 


a 


a 


»®@ 
o 


Plearotoma Pl X. 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Puate XXV. 


(Figures magnified.) 


Species 216. (Mus. Belcher.) 

PLEUROTOMA RIGIDA. Pleur. testd ovata, subabbreviatd, 
anfractibus superné angulatis, transversim striatis, lon- 
gitudinaliter costatis, costis latiusculis, approximatis ; 
canali brevi; columella rugosd ; labro incrassato, cre- 
nulato, sinu amplo ; fulvd. 

Tuer RIGID PLEeuROTOMA. Shell ovate, somewhat abbre- 
viated, whorls angulated at the upper part, trans- 
versely striated, longitudinally ribbed, ribs rather 
wide, approximated; canal short ; columella wrinkled ; 
lip thickened, sinus large; fulvous, 

Clavatula rigida, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 24. 
pl. 7. f.18. 
Hab. Panama; Hinds. 


An obtusely ovate shell with rather broad approximat- 
ing ribs. 
Species 217. (Mus. Belcher.) 

PLEUROTOMA ARGILLACKA.  Pleur. testdé ovatd, acumi- 
natd, levigatd, anfractibus tuberculato-costatis, costis 
superne angulatis, approximatis, in anfractu ultimo in- 
ferne evanidis ; canali breviusculo, columellé labroque 
erenulatis, sinu amplo ; fusca, corned. 

THE CLAY PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, acuminated, smooth, 
whorls tubercularly ribbed, ribs angulated at the up- 
per part, approximating in the last whorl, faint at the 
lower; canal rather short, columella and lip crenu- 
lated, sinus large ; brown, horny. 

Clavatula argillacea, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p.18. 
pl. 6. f.1. 

Hab. Straits of Malacca (from mud at the depth of seven- 
teen fathoms); Hinds. 

Encireled with short tubercular approximating ribs. 


Species 218. (Mus. Belcher.) 

PLevroToMa NEGLECTA. Pleur. testa subfusiformi, acu- 
minatd, anfractibus rotundatis aut leviter angulatis, 
transversim elevato-striatis, longitudinaliter costatis, 
costis rotundatis, approximatis; canali breviusculo ; 
labro incrassato, sinu amplo ; ferrugineo-fuscd. 

THE NEGLECTED PLEUROTOMA. Shell somewhat fusiform, 
acuminated, whorls rounded, or slightly angulated, 
transversely elevately striated, longitudinally ribbed, 
ribs rounded, approximated ; canal rather short ; lip 
thickened, sinus large; rusty-brown. 

Clavatula neglecta, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 20. 
pl. 6. f. 14. 

Hab, Gulf of Nicoya, Central America (found under stones 

at low water); Hinds. 


An acuminated spire with the whorls short and angu- 
larly rounded. 


Species 219. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLevrotoma puTitius. Plewr. testd ovatd spird pyra- 
midali-acuminatd, anfractibus transversis subtiliter stri- 
atis, superné concavis, infra nodosis, nodis longitudina- 
liter oblique confluentibus ; canali breviusculo ; labro 
simplici, sinu lato; flavicante-albida, lined undulata 
fulvo-aurantié inter nodos fluente. 

Tur pwarF PiEuRotoma. Shell ovate, spire pyrami- 
dally acuminated, whorls transversely finely striated, 
concave round the upper part, nodose beneath, nodules 
obliquely flowing down; canal rather short ; lip sim- 
ple, sinus broad; yellowish-white, with a fulvous 
orange undulating line flowing down between each 
nodule. 

REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Calipan, Island of Mindoro, Philippines (found among 
coarse sand at the depth of fifteen fathoms); Cuming. 


The specimen here figured is a shell of rather immature 
growth ; in older specimens the flowing lines become fainter. 


Species 220. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA RUBIDA. Pleuwr. testd ovatd, spira brevi, in- 
terdum acuminatd, anfractibus superne levibus, trans- 
versim elevato-striatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis 
obtuso-rotundatis, latiusculis, approximatis, labrum ver- 
sus evanidis ; canali brevi; columella labroque crenu- 
latis ; rosaceo-rubidd, fascia nigricante juxta suturam, 
fascidque mediand in anfractu ultimo ornatd, fasciis 
interdum nullis. 

Tue RED Prevroroma. Shell ovate, spire short, some- 
times acuminated, whorls smooth round the upper 
part, transversely elevately striated, longitudinally 
ribbed, ribs obtusely rounded, rather broad, approxi- 
mated, fading towards the outer lip; canal short, lip 
and columella crenulated; pinkish-red, ornamented 
with a black band next the suture, and one round the 
middle of the last whorl, bands sometimes wanting. 
Clavatula rubida, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 18. 

pl. 6. f. 6. 
Pleurotoma angulata? Kiener. 

Hab. Islands of Ticao and Masbate, Philippines (under 
stones at low water); Cuming. New Guinea (from 
mud at the depth of seven fathoms), and New Ire- 
land (from among coarse sand at low water); Hinds. 


October 1845. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Ptare XXV. 


An extremely variable species, though always preserving 
its peculiar pinkish-red variety of colouring. Kiener ap- 
pears to have figured a specimen of it for Dohovan’s Mu- 
rex angulalus of the English Channel. 


Species 221. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA CANDIDA. Plew. obeso-fusiformi, levigatd, 
basin versus striata, anfractibus superne angulatis, lon- 
gitudinaliter costatis, costis latiusculis, obliquis; canali 
breviusculo ; columella labroque intus crenulatis ; sinu 
amplo, superneé calloso ; candidd. 

THE WHITE PLEUROTOMA. Shell obesely fusiform, smooth, 
striated towards the base, whorls angulated at the 
upper part, longitudinally ribbed, ribs rather broad, 
oblique ; canal rather short, lip and columella erenu- 
lated within; sinus large, thickened round the upper 
part ; white. 

Clavatula candida, Winds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 20. 
pl. 6. f. 18. 
Hab. Magnetic Island, coast of Veragua; Hinds. 


A pale stout solid shell, with the sinus remarkably 
thickened. 


Species 222. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PrEuRoTOMA spectRUM. Pleur. testa fusiformi, trans- 
versim elevato-striatd, anfractibus rotundatis, longitu- 
dinaliter fortiter oblique plicato-nodosis, nodis in an- 
Sractu ultimo evanide confluentibus; canali brevi; labro 
simplict ; nived, nodis pallide rufescente-fuscis. 

THE PHANTOM PLEUROTOMA. Shell fusiform, transversely 
elevately striated, whorls rounded, longitudinally 
strongly obliquely plicately noduled, nodules upon 
the last whorl faintly flowing down towards the base ; 
canal short; lip simple; snowy-white, nodules palely 
tinged with reddish brown. 

RaeEve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Puerto Galero, Isle of Mindoro, Philippines (found 
among coral sand at the depth of about nine fathoms) ; 
Cuming. 

A pale obliquely plicated shell minutely and delicately 
ridged across. 


Species 223. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA RADULA. 
natd, anfractibus lineis granuliferis decussatis, wniseri- 


Pleur. testé pyramidali, acumi- 


atim tuberculatis, tuberculis sublunatis ; canali brevi, 
apertura pared, sinu amplo ; corneo-fuscd. 
THE GRATER PLEUROTOMA. Shell pyramidal, acuminated, 


whorls decussated with granular lines, encircled with 
rows of sublunate tubercles; canal short, aperture 
small, sinus large; horny brown. 

Hrnps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 16. pl. 5. f. 9. 

Hab. Straits of Malacca (in mud at the depth of seventeen 
fathoms); Hinds. 


A dark brown finely granulated shell encircled with rows 
of tubercles of which the middle is the most conspicuous. 


Species 224. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA ASPERA. Pleur. testd subclavatd, anfractibus 
rotundis, longitudinaliter costatis, lineis elevatis decus- 
satis, carind subobscurd prope suturam cingulatis ; ca- 
nali brevi; labro incrassato, crenulato, sinu amplo ; 
nigricante-fusca. 

THE RouGH PLEuRoToma. Shell somewhat club-shaped, 
whorls rounded, longitudinally ribbed, decussated with 
raised lines, and encircled with a somewhat obscure 
keel near the suture; canal short ; lip thickened, cre- 
nulated, sinus large; blackish-brown. 

Clavatula aspera, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 19. 
pl. 6. f.7, 8. 

Hab, Guayaquil (in mud at the depth of five fathoms) ; 

Hinds. 


A strongly-marked dark coloured shell. 


Species 225. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA BILINEATA. Pleur. testd ovato-oblongd, sub- 
pyramidali, anfractibus medio tumidis, uniseriatim pli- 
cato-nodosis, nodis angustis, compressiusculis, anfractiis 
ultimi dorso callositate munito ; canali brevissimo, la- 
bro simplici, sinu amplo ; incarnato-fuscescente, lineis 
duabus saturatioribus, quarum superiore multo subti- 
liore, inter nodos cingulata. 

THE TWO-LINED PievRoToMA. Shell ovately oblong, 
somewhat pyramidal, whorls swollen in the middle 
and plicately noduwled, nodules narrow, rather com- 
pressed, back of the last whorl furnished with a cal- 
losity ; canal very short, lip simple, sinus large ; pale 
fleshy brown, encircled between the nodules with two 
darker brown lines the upper of which is much the 
finer. 

Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Islands of Capul and Mindoro, Philippines (found on 
the reefs and among coarse sand at the depth of fifteen 
fathoms); Cuming. 


Tn some examples of this very characteristic species the 
colour is suddenly darker below the row of oblique plicated 
nodules, and assumes a band-like appearance. 


= 


PlearotomaPl XXVI 


Sowerby del et, sculp 


V Brooks .1my 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Puate XXVI. 


(Figures magnified.) 


Species 226. (Mus. Belcher.) 


-LEUROTOMA RUBIGINOSA. Plewr. testd oblonga, anfracti- 
bus senis subrotundatis, transversin striatis ; suturd sim- 
plici; aperturd brevi, ovatd ; labro intus levi; canali 
brevissimo ; corneo-fuscd 

[He Rusty Pueuroroma. Shell oblong, whorls six in 
number, somewhat rounded, transversely striated ; 
suture simple; aperture short, ovate; lip smooth 
within ; canal very short ; horny, brown. 

Clavatula rubiginosa, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphw, p. 22. 
ide Yotig Be 

Hab. Straits of Malacca (from mud at the depth of seven- 
teen fathoms); Hinds. 


A brown hormy shell with a small aperture and rather 
large sinus. 


Species 227. (Mus Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA MICANS. Pleur. testd ovata, elongata, corned, 
nitidd, anfractibus octonis, costulatis, costulis subacutis, 
albidis, obliquis, superne prope suturam evanidis ; an- 
fractiis ultimi dorso ecostulato; apertura parva, ovali ; 
labro tenui, acuto, intus levi ; canali brevi. 

THE GLITTERING PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, elongated, 
horny, whorls eight in number, ribbed, mbs small, 
rather sharp, whitish, oblique, fading towards the 
suture ; back of the last whorl smooth; aperture 
small, oval; lip thin, acute, smooth within; and 
short. 

Clavatula micans, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 23. 
ple fet. 1k 

Hab. Gulf of Papagayo (from mud at the depth of four- 
teen fathoms); Hinds. 


A pale shining shell with oblique ribs. 


Species 228. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA DONATA. 
rosed, anfractibus octonis, costulatis ; costulis subacutis, 


Pleur. testé ovatd, subelongatéa, 


obliquis, albidis, superne prope suturam evanidis ; an- 
fractiis ultimi dorso ecostulato ; apertura parva, ovali ; 
labro tenui, acuto, intus levi; canali brevi. 

Tor BEsTOWwED PLeURoTOMA. Shell ovate, elongated 


rose colour, whorls eight in number, ribbed, ribs 
small, rather sharp, oblique, whitish, fading towards 
the suture; back of the last whorl smooth; canal 
short. 
Clavatula donata, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 22. 
1B Yeats he 

Hab. North coast of New Guinea (from mud at the depth 

of twenty-two fathoms) ; Hinds. 


The ground colour of this shell is a ruddy pink whilst 
the ribs are whitish. 


Species 229. (Mus. Metcalfe). 


Prevroroma Mercanriana. Pleur. testd ovatd, crassius- 
culd, transversim creberrimé elevato-striatd, longitudi- 
naliter apicem versus subobsolete sulcatd ; alba, maculis 
rufo-fuscis subquadratis fasciatim pictd ; canali brevi. 

Mercatre’s Pievroroma. Shell ovate, rather thick, 
transversely very closely elevately striated, longitudi- 
nally somewhat obsoletely grooved towards the apex; 
white, painted with bands of reddish-brown spots ; 
canal short. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab, ——? 


I dedicate this unique and valuable shell to Wiliam 
Metcalfe, Esq., in acknowledgment of the obligation I feel 
under to that gentleman for his unwearied and successful 
exertions in search of the minute species of the genus. 


Species 230. (Mus. Belcher). 


PLEUROTOMA QuIsQuaLts. Pleur. testé fusiformi, acumi- 
natd, nitidissimd ; anfractibus octonis, superne leviga- 
tis, inferne costulatis ; costulis brevibus obliquis, acutis, 
lineis albis sinuosis longitudinalibus instructis ; apertura 
ovatd ; canali brevi, effuso, recurvo. 

Tuer LIKE Pievroroma. Shell fusiform, acuminated, 
very shining, whorls eight in number, smooth at the 
upper part, ribbed at the lower, ribs small, short, 
oblique, sharp ; furnished with white sinuous longitu- 
dinal lines; aperture ovate; canal short, effused, 
recurved, 


November 1845. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Ptats XXVI, 


Clavatula quisqualis, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 19. 
plG-etp; 

Hab. Gulf of Papagayo, Central America (found in mud at 

the depth of from eight to fourteen fathoms); Hinds. 


Bright and colourless, with a broad rounded sinus. 


Species 231. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA spicata. Pleur. testd fusiformi, anfractibus 
octonis, costulatis, transversim striatis, costulis subacu- 
tis ; suturd granulosa ; canali brevi ; albidd, anfractiis 
ultimi dorso fusco picto. 

Tue sprkeD PLEUROTOMA. Shell fusiform, whorls eight 
in number, ribbed, transversely striated, ribs small, 
rather sharp ; suture gramulous ; canal short ; whitish, 
back of the last whorl painted brown. 

Clavatula spicata, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, Do te 
Ob Bie we, 18%, 
Hab. Bow Island (among fine coral sand) ; Hinds. 


The name of spicata appears to have been suggested by 
the sharp termination of the ribs. 


Species 232. (Mus. Gray.) 

PLEvROTOMA Gray. Pleur. testd ovatd, subventricosd, 
anfractibus superne angulatis, longitudinaliter obtuso- 
costatis, transversim creberrime sulcatis ; canali brevi; 
labro incrassato, sinu amplo ; castaneo-fuscd. 

Gray's Preurotoma. Shell ovate, a little ventricose, 
whorls angulated at the upper part, longitudinally 
obtusely mbbed, transversely very closely grooved ; 
canal short; lip thickened, sinus large; chesnut 
brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


An interesting little species for which I am indebted 
to Mr. Gray. 


Species 233. (Mus Belcher). 


PLEUROTOMA SCALARIS. Pleur. testd fusiformi, acuini- 
natd, anfractibus septenis, rotundatis, scalariformibus, 
transversim striatis; costulis rotundatis, distantibus, 
suturam incurrentibus ; labro crenato ; canali brevi. 


THE LADDER PrEvROTOMA. Shell fusiform, acuminated, 
whorls seven in number, rounded, ladder-like, trans- 
versely striated; ribs rounded, distant, running into 
the sutures; lip arched; canal short. 

Clavatula scalaris, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p- 18. 
pl. 6. f. 2. 

Hab. Straits of Macassar (found among coarse sand at the 

depth of twelve fathoms) ; Hinds. 


The ribs or rather varices of this species are not much 
unlike those of Scalaria, ruming into the suture in the 
same peculiar manner. 


Species 234. (Mus. Belcher). 


PLEUROTOMA RETUSA. Pleur. testd obeso-ovatd, anfracti- 
bus septenis, costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis 
rotundatis, confertis ; spird conicd ; columella contortas 
canali breviusculo ; aurantiacd, apice purpurea. 

THE BLUNT PLEUROTOMA. Shell stoutly ovate, whorls 
seven in number, ribbed, transversely striated, ribs 
rounded, close-set ; spire conical, columella twisted ; 
canal rather short ; orange, purple at the apex. 
Clavatula retusa, Winds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 24. 

pl. 7. f. 16. 

Hab. Straits of Macassar (from among sand at the depth 

of ten fathoms); Hinds. 


A short stout shell with the whorls depressly hollowed 
round the upper part. 


Species 235. (Mus. Gray). 


PLEUROTOMA NIGRESCENS. Pleur. testd subpyramidali, 
anfractibus superné unicarinatis, infra creberrime cos- 
tatis ; apertura pared, sinu amplo, canali brevissimo ; 
fusco-nigricante. 

THE BLACKISH PLEUROTOMA. Shell somewhat pyramidal, 
whorls encircled round the upper part with a mi- 
nute keel, very closely ribbed beneath, aperture small, 
sinus large; canal very short; brownish black. 

Gray, MSS. (Private cabinet). 

Hab. St. Vincents, West Indies ; Guilding. 


A small solid dark shell, having a sharply acuminated 


’ spire with somewhat the sculpture of P. fuscescens. 


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Pleurotoma. Pl XXVi 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Prats XXVII. 


(Figures magnified.) 


Species 236. (Mus. Belcher.) 


LEUROTOMA DENTIFERA. leur. testd elongaté, acumi- 
natd, anfractibus quinis, costulatis, lineis transversis de- 
cussatis ; costulis numerosis, parvis, angustis, suturam 
imeurrentibus ; labra crenulato, inferne dilatato et den- 
tifero, columella inferné dente parvo munitd ; canali 
breviusculo. 

HE DENTIFEROUS PLEUROTOMA. Shell elongated, acumi- 
nated, whorls five in number, ribbed, crossed with 
transverse lines; ribs numerous, small, narrow, run- 
ning into the suture; lip crenulated, dilated and 
toothed at the lower part, columella furnished with a 
tooth at the lower part ; canal rather short. 
Clavatula dentifera, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p- 23. 

pl. 7. f. 14. 

‘ab. North Coast of Guinea; Straits of Malacca (found 
in mud at a depth of from five to seventeen fathoms) ; 
Hinds. 


The peculiarity of this shell consists in its being finely 
othed at the base of the lip and columella after the man- 
ar of a Ricinula. 


Species 237. (Mus. Belcher.) 


LEUROTOMA FULVA. Pleur. testd ovatd, acuminata, fulvd, 
anfractibus senis, granulosis, tuberculato-costatis, inferne 
angulatis ; suturd lined granulosa instructd ; apertura 
pared ; canali brevi, effuso. 

HE FULVOUS PLeURoTOMA. Shell ovate, acuminated, 
fulvous, whorls six in number, granulous, tubercularly 
ribbed, angulated at the upper part ; suture furnished 
with a granulous line; aperture small; canal short, 
effused. 

Clavatula fulva, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 23. 
=~ pl. 7.1.13. 

fab. Straits of Macassar (from among coarse sand at the 

depth of ten fathoms); Hinds. 


Distinguished by a granulous line round the suture and 
her peculiarities. 


Species 238. (Mus. Belcher.) 


LEUROTOMA METULA. Pleur. testd ovatd, acuminatd, an- 


Sractibus quinis planulatis, obsolete costulatis, trans 
versim striatis; pallide rufo-fasciatd ; suturé lined 
elevatd instructd ; apertura lineari ; labro subinflexo ; 
canali brevissimo. 

THE LITTLE MaRK PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, acumi- 
nated, whorls five in number, flattened, obsoletely 
ribbed, transversely striated ; banded with pale red ; 
suture furnished with a raised line ; aperture linear ; 
lip a little inflected ; canal very short. 

Clavatula metula, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 23. 
plato Lee 

Hab. ——? 


Mr. Hinds appears to have possessed no record of the 
locality of this minute species. 


Species 239. (Mus. nob.) 


PLEUROTOMA LUTEO-FASCcIATA. Pleur. testd subovato-ob- 
longa, anfractibus prope suturam impressis, longitudi- 
naliter fortiter costatis, costis crebris, obtusis ; canali 
brevissimo ; albd, fasciis luteis pulcherrimé ornatd 

THE YELLOW-BANDED PiEuRoToma. Shell ovately ob- 
long, whorls impressed near the suture, longitu- 
dinally strongly ribbed, ribs close-set, obtuse ; canal 
very short; white, prettily ornamented with yellow 
bands. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. y 


A neatly painted shell strongly ribbed throughout. 


Species 240. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA GLUMACEA. Pleur. testd elongatd, pallida, 
nitidd, anfractibus senis costulatis, transversim striatis ; 
costulis brevibus, rotundatis, suturam simplicem incur- 
rentibus ; apertura oblonga, Juscd; canali breviusculo. 

Tue HUSK PLeuRoromA. Shell elongated, pale, shining, 
whorls six in number, ribbed, transversely striated ; 
ribs short, rounded, running into a simple suture ; 
aperture oblong, brown; canal rather short. 
Clavatula glumacea, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 24. 

plete oe 


November 1845. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Puare XXVII. 


Hab. North coast of New Guinea (from mud at the depth 
of twenty-two fathoms); Hinds. 


The whorls of this species are somewhat unusually 
depressed round the upper part. 


Species 241. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA CHELATA. Pleur. testd ovatd, elongatd, atro- 
Jusci, anfractibus octonis, rotundatis, costulatis ; costu- 
lis obliquis, acutis ; sutura lined elevatd instructd ; 
apertura ovatd ; canali brevi. 

THE CARVED PLeuRoToma. Shell ovate, elongated, very 
dark brown, whorls eight in number, rounded, ribbed; 
ribs oblique, sharp; suture furnished with a raised 
line ; aperture ovate, jet black ; canal short. 
Clavatula celata, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 22. 

alk Wott Oe 

Hab. Gulf of Fonseca (found in mud at the depth of 
twenty fathoms); Hinds, 


The carving of this shell is very distinctly and neatly 
made out. 


Species 242. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


Prevrotoma paGcopus. Pleur. testd pyramidali, anfrac- 
tibus superne depressis, subangulatis, ad angulum cos- 
tatis, costis brevibus, confertis, lineis elevatis decussa- 
tis; cinereo-rufescente, maculis rubidis inter costas, 
columella labroque rubido tinctis ; canali brevi. 

Tue paGopA PievRotoma. Shell pyramidal, whorls 
depressed at the upper part, slightly angled, ribbed 
at the angle, ribs short, close-set, decussated through- 
out with raised lines; ashy-red, stained with dark 
red spots between the ribs, lip and columella stained 
with dark red ; canal short. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


A species of peculiar form and colouring. 


Species. 243 (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA ALBICANS. Pleur. testd ovatd, elongati, 
albidd, nitidd ; anfractibus octonis, costulatis, costulis 
superné subnodosis ; suturaé nodulosd ; aperturd parva, 
ovali; labro acuto, intus levi; canali brevi. 

THE WHITISH PryuRoToMA. Shell ovate, elongated, 


whitish, shining; whorls eight in number, ribbed 
ribs slightly nodose at the upper part ; suture nodw 
lous ; aperture small, oval; lip sharp, smooth within: 
canal short. 
Clavatula albicans, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 44 
NG This Se 

Hab. Straits of Malacca (from mud at the depth of seven 

teen fathoms); Hinds. 


This species may be recognised by the coronated ap 
pearance of the whorls. 


Species 244. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA TESSELLATA. Pleur. testd elongata, acumi 
natd, anfractibus senis, subplanulatis, granulosis, line 
longitudinalibus et transversis decussatis, maculis sul 
quadratis fuscis pictis; suturd simplici ; apertur 
oblonga ; labro intus crenulato ; canali brevi. 

THE TESSELLATED PieuRoToMA. Shell elongated, acu 
minated, whorls eight in number, rather flattened, gr: 
nulous, decussated with transverse and longitudin: 
lines; painted with brown somewhat square spots 
suture simple; aperture oblong ; lip crenulated within 
canal short. 

Clavatula tessellata, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p.4« 
ple Ged. Wire 

Hab. Straits of Macassar (from coarse sand at the dept 
of ten fathoms); Hinds. 


A prettily tessellated shell approaching in form to tl 
Daphnella group. 


Species 245. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


PLEUROTOMA URNULA. Pleur. testé ovatd, ventricosd, spi 
breviusculd, longitudinaliter costatd, transversim el 
vato striata ; castaneo-fuscd ; canali breviusculo, apert 

THE LITTLE PITCHER PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, venti 
cose, spire rather short, longitudinally ribbed, tran 
versely elevately striated; chesnut brown ; canal rath 
short, open. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. > 


A curious little ventricose shell which seems scarcely 
have arrived at maturity. 


Aad 


246 


Pleurctema PL XXVIIL 


\ 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Prats XXVIII. 


Species 246. (Mus. Gray.) 
(Magnified to three times its natural length.) 


PrevRotomA FortTurEeNsts. Pleur, testd pyramidali-ob- 
longa, anfractibus superné subangulatis, longitudinaliter 
oblique costatis ; basi truncata ; albidd. 

Tue Forru Prevroroma. Shell pyramidally oblong, 
whorls slightly angulated at the upper part, longitu- 
dinally obliquely ribbed ; base truncated ; whitish. 

Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Frith of Forth; Gray. 


A small obliquely ribbed species for which I am indebted 
to Mr. Gray. 


Species 247. (Mus. Cuming.) 
(Magnified to twice its natural length.) 


PLEUROTOMA FoRMICARIA. Pleur. testé acuminato-ob- 
longa, longitudinaliter fortiter costatd, interstitiis striis 
subtilissimis decussatis ; intus extusque piceo-nigrd. 

Tue aNt-L1kE Preuroroma. Shell acuminately oblong, 
longitudinally strongly ribbed, interstices crossed with 
very fine striz ; pitch-black within and without. 

SowErsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. 

Hab. Iquiqui, coast of Peru (under stones) ; Cuming. 


An oblong, strongly-ribbed, pitch-black shell. 


Species 248. (Mus. Cuming.) 
(Magnified to two and a half times its natural length.) 


PLEUROTOMA ATTENUATA. Pleur. testa fusiformi-oblongé, 
utringue attenuata, levigatd, longitudinaliter costaté, 
costis subdistantibus ; pallide Jlavicante, lineis castaneis 
minutissimis obscure cingulatd, anfractiis ultimi parte 
inferiori pallide castaned. 

THE ATTENUATED PLEUROTOMA. Shell fusiformly oblong, 
attenuated at each end, smooth, longitudinally ribbed, 
ribs rather distant; pale yellowish, obscurely encircled 
with very minute chesnut lines, lower part of the last 
whorl pale chesnut. 

Puiireri, Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. ii. p- 166. 

Murex attenuatus, Montagu. 
Pleurotoma Villiersit, Michaud. 
Pleurotoma gracilis, Scacchi. 


Murex aciculatus ; amarck. 
Hab. Mediterranean. 
According to Kiener, this is the Murex aciculatus of 
Lamarck. 


Species 249. (Mus. Gray.) 
(Magnified to two and a half times its natural length.) 
Prevroroma Dorvittrm. Pleur. testd oblongo-turritd, 
tenuiculd, anfractibus superné subangulatis, infra longi- 
tudinaliter plicatis, et transversim subtilissimé elevato- 
striatis ; albidd, zond trilineatd fuscescente cingulata. 
Dorvitte’s Prevrotoma. Shell oblong-turreted, rather 
thin, whorls slightly angulated round the upper part, 
longitudinally plicated and very finely elevately striated 
beneath ; whitish, encircled with a pale brown three- 
line zone. 
Gray, MSS. (private cabinet.) 
Hab. St. Vincents, West Indies ; Guilding. 


A very delicately engraved twrreted species, encircled 
with a fine three-line zone. 


Species 250. (Mus. Cuming.) 


(Magnified to twice its natural length.) 
PLEUROTOMA RAVA. 
acuminato-turritd, anfractibus superne depressis, infra 


Pleur. testa subfusiformi-ovatd, spird 


longitudinaliter costatis et transversim subtiliter liratis, 
labro incrassato, sinu amplo; fulvd, costarum inter- 
stitiis labrique margine purpureo-rufo tinctis. 

THE TAWNY PiEvRoToMA. Shell somewhat fusiformly 
ovate, spire acuminately turreted, whorls depressed 
round the upper part, beneath longitudinally ribbed 
and transversely finely ridged, lip thickened, sinus 
large ; fulvous, interstices between the ribs and edge 
of the lip stained with purple-red. 

Clavatulu rava, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 17. 
pl. 5. f. 18. 
Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines ; Cuming. 


The sinus of this little species is unually wide and deep. 


Species 251. (Mus. Gray.) 
(Magnified to twice its natural length.) 


PLEUROTOMA QuaDRIFAscrATA. Pleur, testd pyramidali, 


December 1845. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Ptate XXVIII. 


anfractibus superne et inferné unicarinatis, medio longi- 
tudinaliter crebriliratis ; carinis albidis, anfractibus 
medio ceruleo-fuscis, liris albicantibus ; apertura pared ; 
canali brevissimo. 

THE FOUR-BANDED Preurotoma. Shell pyramidal, 
whorls encircled with a single keel above and below, 
longitudinally closely ridged in the middle ; keels 
whitish, middle of the whorls blueish brown, ridges 
whitish ; aperture small; canal very short. 

Gray, MSS. (private cabinet.) 

Hab. ? 


The band-like painting of the middle portion of the 
whorls with the white ridges running across is very charac- 


teristic. 


Species 252. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 
(Magnified to nearly three times its natural length.) 


PLEUROTOMA REELEXA. Plewr. testé ovatd, Tritoniformi, 
concentricé costatd, transversim fortiter liratd ; aper- 
turd longiusculd sinuosi, labro reflewo, intus denticulato. 

THE REFLEXED PLeuROTOMA. Shell ovate, Triton-shaped, 
concentrically ribbed, transversely strongly ridged ; 
aperture rather long, sinuous, lip reflexed, denticu- 
lated within. 

REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


Very much the aspect of some of the small Tritons. 


Species 253. (Mus. nost.) 


PLEUROTOMA QUADRATA. Pleur. testd ovata, spirdi tur- 
ritd, anfractibus fortiter angulatis, longitudinaliter 
costatis, costis ad angulum mucronatis, infra  striis 
duabus elevatis cingulatis, anfractiis ullimi parte infe- 
riort lird mucronatd clathratd; flavicante, costarum in- 
terstitiis rufo-castaneis ; sin parvo. 

Tur squareD PLEvrotoma. Shell ovate, spire turreted, 
whorls strongly angulated, longitudinally ribbed, ribs 


pointed at the angle, encircled beneath with two 
raised striz, lower part of the last whorl latticed with 
‘a pointed ridge; yellowish; interstices between the 
ribs reddish chesnut ; sinus small. 
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 
Hab. e 


A widely latticed shell of very characteristic growth. 


Species 254. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


PLevROTOMA PaRvULA. Pleur. testa fusiformi-ovatd, 
anfractibus tumidiusculis, longitudinaliter costatis, 
transversim creberrime liratis; canali breviusculo ; 
lutescente. 

THe SMALL Preurotoma. Shell fusiformly ovate, whorls 
rather swollen, longitudinally ribbed, transversely very 
minutely ridged; canal rather short; pale rusty 
yellow. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1845. 


Hab. ? 


This species may be recognised by its delicate and closely- 
latticed sculpture. 


Species 255. (Mus. Gray.) 
(Magnified to three times its natural length.) 


PLEUROTOMA PENTAGONALIS. 
levigatd, longitudinaliter pentagonali, ad angulos com- 
presso-costald, costis ad anfractuum parte superior 


Pleur. testa oblongo-ovata, 


mucronatis ; eburned. 

THE PENTGONAL Prieurotoma. Shell oblong-ovate, 
smooth, longitudinally five-angled, compressly ribbed 
at the angles, pomted at the upper part of the ribs ; 
ivory white. 

Gray, MSS. (private cabinet.) 

Hab. St. Vincents, West Indies; Guilding. 


A minute species with five ribs on each whorl following 
one under the other. 


Pleurctoma, Pl. 


f 
263. 
26%. 
265 
it Brooks Imp 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Pratt XXIX. 


(All magnified to twice their natural size.) 


Species 256, (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA PSEUDO-CARINATA. Pleur. testd ovatd, sub- 
pyramidali, anfractibus superne concavis, subindistinete 
carinatis, infra confertim plicato-costatis, transversim 
crebrisulcatis ; basi truncata ; flavescente. 

THE FALSE-KEELED PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, some- 
what pyramidal, whorls concave round the upper part, 
somewhat indistinctly keeled, closely plicately ribbed 
beneath, transversely closely grooved ; base truncated; 
yellowish. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. 2 


The plicated ribs are rather oblique. 


Species 257. (Mus. nost.) 


PLEUROTOMA LANGUIDA. Pleur. testd gracili-fusiformi, 
longitudinaliter noduloso-costatd, transversim. elevato- 
striata, costis striisque subdistantibus ; sinu amplo ; alba, 
rufescente-fusco tinctd. 

THE FEEBLE PLevROTOMA. Shell slenderly fusiform, 
longitudinally nodulously ribbed, transversely ele- 
vately striated, ribs and strie rather distant ; sinus 
large ; white, stained with reddish-brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 


An elegantly formed slender shell. 


Species 258. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


PLEUROTOMA PUNCTICINCTA. Pleur. testd ovatd, spird 
breviusculd, longitudinaliter subobscuré plicatd, inter- 
stitiis minutissime striatis ; sinu subamplo ; albidd, cin- 

gula unicd punctatd spiraliter ornatd. 

THE DOT-ENCIRCLED PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, spire 
rather short, longitudinally rather obscurely plicated, 
interstices very minutely striated ; sinus rather large ; 
whitish, spirally ornamented with a single belt of 
dots. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


Encireled by a belt formed of a single dot in each lon- 
gitudinal interstice. 


Species 259. (Mus. Gray.) 


Pirevroroma Nassoipes.  Pleur. testé ovato-turritd, 
tenui, quasi pellucida, anfractibus subrotundatis, confer- 
tim obtuse costatis ; labro incrassato, intus denticulato, 
sinu subamplo; corneo-albidd, anfractibus supra et 
infra rufo-fusco fasciatis. 

Tue Nassa-Likn Prevrotoma. Shell ovately turreted, 
thin, as though pellucid, whorls somewhat rounded, 
closely obtusely ribbed; lip thickened, denticulated 
within, sinus rather large ; horny white, whorls banded 
with reddish-brown above and below. 

Gray, MSS. (private cabinet.) 

Hab. ? 


A semi-transparent horny looking shell, banded next the 
sutures with reddish brown. 


Species 260. (Mus. nost.) 


PLEUROTOMA PYRAMIDULA. 
elongata, liris minutis longitudinalibus et transversis 


Pleuy. testa subpyramidali- 


creberrimé clathratd, suturis unicarinatis ; aperturé 
pared, sinu amplo ; basi truncata ; albida, 

THE MINARET PLnuROTOMA. Shell somewhat pyramidally 
elongated, very closely latticed with minute longitu- 
dinal and transverse ridges, sutures one-keeled ; aper- 
ture small, sinus large ; base truncated; whitish. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. > 


Solid, and tapering with peculiar symmetry to the apex. 


Species 261. (Mus. nost.) 


PLEUROTOMA ©RUGINOSA. Pleur. testd acuminato-turritd, 
anfractibus longitudinaliter subobsoleté plicato-costatis, 
interstitiis minutissime impresso-striatis ; albidd, suturis 
livido-viridescentibus, anfractiis ultimi parte inferiori 
livido-viridescente, punctis nigricantibus marginatd, 
apice rufescente-fusco. 


December 1845. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Piare XXIX. 


THE CANKERED Prievrotoma. Shell acuminately tur- 
reted, whorls longitudinally somewhat obsoletely pli- 
cately ribbed, interstices very minutely impressly stri- 
ated; whitish, sutures livid-green, lower portion of 
the last whorl entirely livid-green edged with a zone 
of black dots, apex reddish-brown. 

ReEEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ——? 


The colouring of this species, it may be observed, is of 
a character totally distinct from that of any other. 


Species 262. (Mus. nost.) 


PLEUROTOMA OBLIQUATA. leur. testd ovatd, subobesd, 
spira acuminata, anfractibus medio angulato-tumidis, 
oblique costatis, costis ad angulum nodosis ; intus ex- 
tusque flavido-fuscd, zona pallidé angusté ad angulum 
cingulata. 

THE CROOKED PreuRoTOMA. Shell ovate, rather stout, 
spire acuminated, whorls angularly swollen in the 
middle, ribs nodose at the angle; yellowish-brown 
within and without, encircled with a narrow pale zone 
at the angle. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845, 


Hab. y 


Distinguished not only by its peculiarity of form and 
colouring, but by the curious oblique twist of the ribs. 


Species 263. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


PLEUROTOMA PELLIS-PHocm. Pleur, testa pyramidali, 


anfractibus convexis, longitudinaliter fortiter et creber- 
rime granulatis, transversim subsulcatis apertura pecu- 
liariter parvit, sinu indistincto. 

THE SEAL-SKIN PLEUROTOMA. Shell pyramidal, whorls 
convex, longitudinally slightly grooved ; aperture pe- 
culiarly small, sinus indistinct. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


The sinus is very indistinct in this interesting little shell, 
although it has the outward form of the genus. 


Species 264. (Mus. nost.) 


PLEUROTOMA VEXILLUM. Pleur. testa acuminato-elongata, 
longitudinaliter crebricostata, basi transversim lirata ; 
apertura parvd, sinu amplo, albidd, suturis et anfractiis 
ultimi parte inferiori fuscis. 

THE FLAG PiEuROToMA. Shell acuminately elongated, 
closely ribbed, transversely ridged at the base; aper- 
ture small, sinus large; sutures and lower part of the 
last whorl dark brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. iP 


Distinguished by its dark chocolate brown banded style 
of colouring. 


Fig. 265.—A species of Purpura or Buccinum, madver- 
tently figured for a Pleurotoma. 


For Species 265, see Pl. xxxix. 


266 


O72 
wha 


Plearcteoma PLY. 


268 


£it 


PLEUROTOMA. 


PuaTEe XXX. 


(All magnified to twice their natural length.) 


Species 266. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA CARDINALIS. Pleur. testd pyramidali, spina 
acuminatd, anfractibus longitudinaliter subtiliter plica- 
tis, transversim minutissine striatis ; sinu lato, amplo ; 
albidd, fasciis violaceo-brunneis cingulata. 

THE CARDINAL PLEUROTOMA. Shell pyramidal, spire 
acuminated, whorls longitudinally finely plicated, 
transversely very minutely striated; sinus broad, 
large ; whitish, encircled with violet-brown bands. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines (found among sand at 
the depth of four fathoms); Cuming. 


A very delicately formed, spirally banded species, ap- 
proximating in general character to the Plewrotoma rava. 


Species 267. (Mus. nost.) 


PLEUROTOMA ARATA. Pleur. testd pyramidali, suturis pe- 
culiariter excavatis, anfractibus levis angustis granulo- 
sis creberrime cingulatis ; apertura parva ; alba. 

THE PLouGHED PLEUROTOMA. Shell pyramidal, sutures 
peculiarly excaved, whorls very closely encircled with 
narrow granulous ridges ; aperture small ; white. 


Hab. P 


The ridges are more granulous towards the apex. 


Species 268. (Mus. Gray.) 


PLevRoTOMA GumLpINGr.  Pleur. test pyranidali-ob- 
longa, anfractibus superné depresso-concavis, infra ob- 
liqué nodoso-plicatis, transversim undique creberrime 
striatis ; intus extusque piceo-nigra. 

Guripine’s Prevroroma. Shell pyramidally oblong, 
whorls depressly hollow round the top, obliquely no- 
dosely plicated beneath, transversely very closely 
striated throughout ; pitch-black within and without. 

REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1845. 

Hab. St. Vincents, West Indies ; Guiding. 

[have taken the liberty of naming this species after 
the Rev. Lansdowne Guiding, in commemoration of the 
eminent services rendered by that gentleman, by his re- 
searches after the minute Pleurotome of the Island of St. 
Vincent. 


Species 269. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA HYALINA. leur. testd elongato-acuminatd, 
basi truncata, tenui, hyalind, longitudinaliter undique 
minutissime et confertissine elevato-striatd ; albidd, lin- 
eis rufo-fuscis distantibus cingulatéd ; labro simplici, 
sin parvo. 

THE HYALINE PLevRoroma. Shell elongately acumi- 
nated, truncated at the base, thin, transparent, longi- 
tudinally very minutely and closely elevately striated 
throughout ; whitish, encircled with distant reddish- 
brown lines ; lip simple, sinus small. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


An extremely delicate hyaline shell, minutely striated 
longitudinally, and encircled transversely with distant fine 
brown lines. 


Species 270. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLeuRotoMA Trcaontca. leur. testd oblongo-ovatd, 
spira tereti, anfractibus subventricosis, transversim ir- 
regulariter liratis, lirarum interstitiis, iminutissime 
clathratis ; albidd, aurantio-fusco hie illic flammaté ; 
sinu parvo. 

Tue Trcao Pievroroma. Shell oblong-ovate, spire 
tapering, whorls rather ventricose, transversely irre- 
gularly ridged, interstices between the ridges very 
minutely latticed ; whitish, flamed here and there 
with orange-brown ; sinus small. 

Renve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the reefs) ; 
Cuming. 

This and the preceding species belong to the Daphneila 
group of Mr. Hinds. 


SS 
Species 271. (Mus. nost). 

PLEUROTOMA FULVA. Pleur. lesté oblongo-ovatd, subtur- 

ritd, anfractibus longitudinaliter multicostatis, costis 


angustis, prominentibus ; fulvd. 
THE FULVOUs PLEUROTOMA. Shell oblong-ovate, slightly 


December 1845. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Piate XXX. 


turreted, whorls longitudinally many-ribbed, ribs 
narrow, prominent, fulvous. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


The interstices between the ribs are closely excavated 
to their base on each side. 


Species 272. (Mus. Cuming.) 

PLEUROTOMA CANTHARIS.  Pleur. testa obtuso-ovatd, 
crassa, solida, levigata, anfractibus medio oblique no- 
doso-plicatis ; sinw subamplo ; nigricante-fuscd, nodis 
albidis. 

THE BEETLE PuevrotomA. Shell obtusely ovate, thick, 
solid, smooth, whorls oblique, nodosely plicated round 
the middle; sinus rather large; very dark brown, 
nodules whitish. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Sibonga, Island of Zebu, Philippines (found under 
stones at low water); Cuming. 


A dull stout, dark, chocolate-brown shell reminding one 
of alittle black-beetle. 


SS 


Species 273. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA VULTUOSA. Pleur. testé ovatd, anfractibus 
subrotundis, longitudinaliter obtuse costatis, transversim 
ereberrime liratis ; labro intus denticulato, sinu amplo, 
lato ; albicante, apice pallidé rosaceo. 

THE FROWNING PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, whorls some- 
what round, longitudinally obtusely ribbed, trans- 
versely very closely ridged; lip denticulated within, 
sinus large, broad ; whitish, apex tinged with pink. 

Rexve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Baclayon, Tsland of Bohol, Philippines (found under 
stones); Cuming. 

Sometimes encircled round the base of the last whorl 
with a broad brown band. 


eee eee 


Species 274 (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLevroroma opaLus. leur. testd oblongo-ovatd, penta- 
gonali, crassa, laevigata, longitudinaliter costatd, costis 
oblique continuis, subnodosis, angustis, quast vellicatis, 
interstitiis plano-concavis ; apertura parva, sinu amplo, 
profundo ; eburned, nitente, costarum interstitiis incar- 
nato-fuscescentibus. 

Tp opaL PuevroromA. Shell oblong-ovate, five-sided, 
thick, smooth, longitudinally ribbed, ribs obliquely 
continuous one under the other, slightly nodose, nar- 
row, as if pinched, interstices between the ribs, flatly 
concave; aperture small, sinus large, deep ; ivory 
white, shining, interstices between the ribs fleshy 
brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Cagayan, Province of Misamis, Island of Mindanao, 
Philippines (found in sandy mud at the depth of 
twenty-five fathom) ; Cuming. 

An extremely interesting five-angled pagoda-like shell, 
stout in the middle, and rising pentangularly to a sharp 
apex. 

——————— 


Species 275. (Mus Cuming.) 


PiEvRoTOMA EBUR. leur. testd oblongo-ovatd, pentago- 
nali, crassd, spird acuninatd, longitudinaliter continue 
costatd, transversim striata, striis basem versus conspr- 
cuis ; sinu amplo, profundo ; eburned. 

Tue Ivory PLevrotoma. Shell oblong-ovate, five sided, 
thick, spire acuminated, longitudinally ribbed, ribs 
obliquely continuous one under the other, transversly 
striated, striae conspicuous towards the base; sinus 
large, deep ; ivory white. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 


Resembling the preceding, but striated, and more opaque. 


RSS. 


Pleurctoma, Pl, ANAL 


Vincent Brooks Imp 


PLEUROTOMA 


Prats XXXI. 


(All magnified to twice their natural length.) 


Species 276. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA AGROTA. 
culd, subventricosd, spire suturis profundis, striis tm- 


Pleur. testd oblongo-ovatd, tenui- 


pressis longitudinalibus et transveris undique decussatda ; 
apertura subelongatd, ampla ; albicante. 

Tue stckty Prevrotoma. Shell oblong-ovate, rather 
thin, a little ventricose, sutures of the spire deep, de- 
cussated throughout with longitudinal and transverse 
striee ; aperture rather elongated, large ; whitish. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 


Hab. Singapore (found among fine sand at the depth 
of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. 


Intermediate in form between Mr. Hind’s genus Daphnella 
and Pleurotoma true. 


Species 277. Mus. Taylor.) 


PLEUROTOMA SCALARIS. 
breviusculd, concentrice subplicatd, columella leviter 
plano-excavatd, labro tenui, simplici ; sordidé alba. 

THE LADDER-STEP PLEUROoTOMA. Shell ovate, thin, spire 
rather short, concentrically subplicated, columella 
slightly flatly excavated, lip thin, simple ; dirty white. 
Defrancia scalaris, Vahl. 

Hab. Greenland. 

A small concentrically plicated shell, with a dark tinged 
flattened columella. 


Pleur. testéd ovatd, tenui, spiré 


Species 278. Mus. Taylor. 

PLEevrotomMa LEUcostomA. Pleur. testa ovata, tenui, 
ventricosd, spird breviusculd, suturis subimpressis 3 an- 
fractibus superne depressis, longitudinaliter creberrime 
plicatis, transversim striis reticulatis ; columella subew- 
cavatd, labro tenui simplici; sordidé albd, columella 
et aperture fauce eburneis. 

Tap wuirr-mMourH Prinurotoma. Shell ovate, thin, 
ventricose, spire rather short, sutures somewhat im- 
pressed ; whorls depressed round the upper part, lon- 
gitudinally very closely plicated, transversely reticu- 
lated with strie; columella slightly excavated, lip 
thin, simple; dirty white, columella and interior of 
the aperture ivory white. 


Defrancia reticulata, Vahl. 
Hab. Greenland. 


Differing from the preceding species by its rather more 
attenuated form, and reticulated style of sculpture. 


Fig. 279. 

Pleurotoma nitida, Sowerby. Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833.— 
As this shell proves to be a rather worn specimen of the 
Pleurotoma variculosa of the same author, I take the op- 
portunity of describing a species very like it in form, but 
merely very closely concentrically ribbed, with simple 
sutures. 


Species 279. 


PLEUROTOMA concENTRICosTATA. Pleur. testd gracili- 
fusiformi, spird acuminata, anfractibus ereberrimé con- 
centricd costatis, suturis simplicibus ; incarnato-fusces- 
cente. 

THE CONCENTRIC-RIBBED PLEUROTOMA. Shell slenderly 
fusiform, spire acuminated, whorls very closely con- 
centrically ribbed, sutures simple ; fiesh-tinged brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


—_—_——— eee 


Fig. 280.—Pleurotoma hyalina (ante pl. xxx. fig. 269), a 
smaller but adult specimen. 
For species 280 see pl. xxix. 


Species 280. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA LIRATA. 
tract, transversim undique liralé, columella excavatd, 


Pleur. testa subfusiformi, basi con- 


callositate superne munitd, labro subeffuso, leviter in- 
crassato, sinu lato amplo, canali paululum elongato ; 
albidd, labri margine intus rufescente. 

Tue RIDGED PiEvRoToMA. Shell somewhat fusiform, 
contracted at the base, transversely ridged through- 
out, columella excavated, furnished with a callosity at 
the upper part, lip somewhat effused, slightly thick- 
ened, sinus broad, large; canal a little elongated ; 
whitish, edge of the lip stained with red. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 


December 1845. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Puate XXXI. 


Hab. Islands of Luzon and Mindanao, Philippines (found 
in sandy mud at the depth of sevenfathoms) ; Cuming. 


The lip of this shell is stained internally along the edge 
in a very characteristic manner with deep dark red. 


Species 282. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA NEXA. leur. testa ovatd, Tritoniformi, an- 
fractibus subrotundatis, plicato-costatis, funiculis exili- 
bus angustis, costas super leviter nodulosis, cingulatis ; 
apertura subampld, labro planulato, sinu lato ; canal 
brevissimo, recurvo ; albd, fusco undique tinctd et fas- 
ciata, funiculis suturatioribus. 

TrED PiEuRoTOMA. Shell ovate, Triton-shaped, 
whorls rather rounded, plicately ribbed, encircled with 
fine narrow cords, slightly nodulous on the ribs ; 
aperture rather large, lip flattened, sinus broad ; 
canal very short, recurved ; white, stained and banded 
with brown, cords darker brown. 

REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845- 
Hab. Islands of Masbate and Luzon, Philippines (found 
under stones at low water); Cuming. 


THE 


An interesting brown-stained shell, tied round, as it 
were, with fine knotted cords of a darker brown. 


Species 283. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pievrotoma rNaurnata. Pleur. testd acuminato-fusi- 
formi, anfractibus transversim ewiliter liratis, longitu- 
dinaliter creberrimé striatis ; sinu profundo ; albidd, 
aurantio-fusco hie illic inquinata. 

THE SMEARED PLEvRoTOMA. Shell acuminately fusiform, 
whorls transversely faintly ridged, longitudinally very 
closely striated ; smus deep ; whitish, smeared here 
and there with orange-brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 


Hab. Gindulman, Island of Bohol, Philippines (found 
among coral sand at the depth of seven fathoms) ; 
Cuming. 


The longitudinal striz give a fine reticulated character to 
the ridge, with which it is delicately encircled throughout. 


Species 284. (Mus. nost.) 


PLevuRoToMa unpDatTicosta. Pleur. testa fusiformi, an- 
fractibus superné leviter depressis, costis longitudinali- 
bus undatis concentricé ornatd ; albida. 

THE WAVED-RIB PLEUROTOMA. Shell fusiform, whorls 
slightly depressed round the upper part, concentri- 
cally ornamented with longitudinal waved ribs ; 
whitish. 

Reve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


A. delicate smooth-ribbed shell in which the ribs are 
concentrically waved. 


Species 285. (Mus. nost.) 


PLEUROTOMA PAXILLUS. leur. testé abbreviato-ovatd, 
spiré apice acuminata ; anfractibus superneé concavis, unt- 
carinatis, medio creberrimé plicatis, plicarum interstitirs 
subtilissimé striatis, inferne liratis ; sinu amplo ; nigri- 
cante-fusca. 

THE LITTLE PEG PLEURoTOMA. Shell abbreviately ovate, 
spire acuminated at the apex; whorls concave round 
the top, with a small keel, very closely plicated in the 
middle, interstices between the folds finely striated, 
ridged round the bottom; sinus large; very dark 
brown. 

Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


An extremely characteristic short stout dark brown 


species. 


\i 
i 
, 
: i 
or. = : = 
. c ; 
‘ 
3 
i 
1 
A 
i 
i . 
i 
ih 1 
Si 
| 
‘ 
“" 
i 
2s i - 
) 
5 
i 
+ 
+ 
oa 
a 7 
it 
1 ‘ 1” al , 
H 
- 
: y 
Tee 
' 
. i 


Pleurotoma, Pl. XXXII. 


. — 
ais ae als Se 


PREUROT OMA. 


Prats XXXII. 


(Magnified to three times their natural size.) 


Species 286. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


PLEUROTOMA sorDIDA. Pleur. testd ovatd, longitudinali- 
ter suboblique costatd, costarum interstitiis elevatis 
clathratis ; sordidé albd. 

Tur sorDID PLevRotomA. Shell ovate, longitudinally 
somewhat obliquely ribbed, interstices between the 
ribs latticed with raised strie ; dull white. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ——? 


Whorls a little depressed at the sutures. 


Fig. 288.—Pleurotoma hyalina (ante Fig. 269.) 
For species 287 see pl. xxxix. 


Species 288. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA PLURICARINATA. Pleur. testd subfusiformi- 
oblonga, carinis plurimis acutis cingulatd, quarwn inter- 
stitiis striis longitudinalibus cancellatis ; apertura ob- 
longi, sinu subamplo ; canali leviter recurvo ; lutescente, 
aurantio-fusco pallide strigato-tincta. 

THE NUMEROUS-KEELED PieuroToma. Shell somewhat 
fusiformly oblong, encircled with numerous sharp 
keels, the interstices between which are cancellated 
with longitudinal striz ; aperture oblong, sinus rather 
large, canal slightly recurved ; yellowish, stained here 
and there with streaks of orange-brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (found in sandy mud at 
the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming. 


A distinct and well-marked species. 


——i 


Species 289. (Mus. Forbes.) 


PrevurotoMA CyciapEnsis. Pleur. testa fusiformi-oblongd, 
turritd, anfractibus superne rotundatis, longitudinaliter 
costatis, striis elevatis conspicue cingulatis ; apertura 
oblonga, sinu amplo ; albidd, suturis pallide fuscis, an- 
fractu ultimo zond fuscescente angustd cingulato. 

Tur Cyciapes PLevroroma. Shell fusiformly oblong, 
turreted, whorls rounded at the upper part, longitu- 
dinally ribbed, conspicuously encircled with raised 


strie ; aperture oblong, sinus large ; whitish, sutures 
pale brown, last whorl encircled with a narrow pale 
brown zone. 

Hab. Island of Paros, Grecian Archipelago ; Forbes. 


The ribs are narrow and compressed and the transverse 
striee have the appearance of fine cords. 


Species 290. (Mus.) Forbes.) 


PLevrRoToMA Lonyiana. Pleur. testa fusiformi-turrita, 
confertim concentrice costatd, costis superne leviter mu- 
cronatis, interstitiis substriatis; canali brevissimo, trun- 
cato ; fusca. 

Logvan’s Prevrotoma. Shell fusiformly turreted, closely 
concentrically ribbed, ribs slightly pointed at the up- 
per part, interstices faintly striated; canal rather short 
truncated ; brown. 

Hab, Mgean Sea (forty-eight fathoms) ; Forbes. 


A dull brown shell closely concentrically ribbed. 


Species 291. (Mus. Forbes.) 


PLEUROTOMA LEVIGATA. Pleur. testd subulatd, levigatd, 
aut concentrice subtilissimé striatd ; canali brevissimo, 
truncato ; albidd, anfractibus fasciis plumbo-fuscis dua- 
bus ornatis. 

Tur smMootH PLevRoTOMA. Shell subulate, smooth, or 
very faintly concentrically striated; canal very short, 
truncated; whitish, whorls ornamented with lead- 
brown bands. 

Puiiipr1, Enum. Moll. Sicil., vol. i. p. 199. pl.xi. f. 17. 

Hab. \sland of Paros, Grecian Archipelago ; Forbes. 


A small smooth acicular species. 


Species 292. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prevurotoma compta. Pleur. testd ovata, spird nodoso- 
turritd, anfractibus superné concavis, infra late costatis, 
liris angustis transversim funiculatis ; labro incrassato, 
intus denticulato, sinu amplo, lato ; lutescente-albd. 

Tue NEAT PrevRoToMA. Shell ovate, spire nodosely tur- 
reted, whorls hollow round the upper part, broadly 


December 1845. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Puate XXXII. 


ribbed, and corded with narrow transverse strie ; lip 
thickened, denticulated within, sinus large, broad ; yel- 
lowish white. 

Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab, Baclayon, Island of Bohol, Philippines (found under 
stones at low water on the reefs); Cuming. 


An elegant and most symmetrically formed shell. 


Species 293. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA HEXAGONALIS.  Pleur. testa pyramidali- 
ovatd, anfractibus costis sinis continuis longitudinaliter 
ornatis; apertura parva, sinu distincto ; fuscescente-albd. 

THE HEXAGONAL PLEUROTOMA. Shell pyramidally ovate, 
whorls ornamented longitudinally with six continuous 
ribs; aperture small, sinus distinct ; brownish white. 

REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Loay, Island of Bohol, Philippines (found in sandy 
mud at the depth of seventeen fathoms); Cuming. 


A small pyramidal six-sided shell resulting from the con- 
tinuous arrangement of the ribs. 


Species 294. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA ARCTATA. Pleuwr. testd pyramidali-elongata, 
anfractibus oblique costatis, costis striis elevatis funicu- 
latis ; labro incrassato, peculiariter effuso, sinu amplo ; 
sordidé alba. 

THE NaRROW PLEUROTOMA. Shell pyramidally elongated, 
whorls obliquely ribbed, ribs corded with raised striz ; 
lip thickened, peculiarly effused, sinus large; dull 
white. 

Retve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Philippines (found among coarse 
sand at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming. 


Allied to the Pleurotoma spurca, but of a narrower and 
more subulate growth. 


Fig. 295.—The shell here represented proves to be the 
young spiral portion of a species of Mangelia. 
For Species 295 see pl. XXXIX. 


2.97. 


Pleurotoma, Pl. XXXII. 


Jer. 


30% 


> i 
rooks 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Prats XXXIII. 


(All magnified to three times their natural length.) 


Species 296. (Mus. nost.) 


PLEUROTOMA LINEARIS. Pleur. testd ovatd, subfusiformi, 
anfractibus rotundatis, fortiter longitudinaliter costatis, 
costis nodulosis ; albidd, lineis subtilibus castaneis cin- 
gulata, labri limbo violaceo. 

[HE LINEAR PLevRoToMA. Shell ovate, somewhat fusi- 
form, whorls rounded, strongly longitudinally ribbed, 
ribs nodulous ; whitish, encircled with very fine ches- 
nut-brown lines, edge of the lip tinged with violet. 

Murex linearis, Montagu, Test. Brit. p. 261. pl. 9. f. 4. 

Pleurotoma concinna, Scacchi. 

Hab. Britain. Mediterranean. 


A very characteristic shell, encircled with fine conspi- 
uous brown lines which appear in the interstices between 
the ribs. 


Species 297. (Mus. Gray.) 


PLEUROTOMA TRIFASCcIATA. Pleur. testa subfusiformi- 
ovatd, basi leviter contractd ; anfractibus superné sub- 
planulatis, longitudinaliter creberrimé subtilissimé cos- 
tatis, transversim impresso-striatis ; albidd, lineis tribus 
aurantio-fuscis cingulatd; labro subincrassato, sinu 
distincto. 

THE THREE-BANDED PLEUROTOMA. Shell somewhat fu- 
siformly ovate, slightly contracted at the base ; whorls 
a little flattened round the top, longitudinally very 
closely ribbed, transversely impressly striated ; whitish, 
encircled with three fine orange-brown lines ; lip ra- 
ther thickened, sinus distinct. 

Gray, MSS. (private cabinet). 

Hab. ? 


Encircled with three fine lines, only the first of which 
appears on the upper whorls. 


Species 298. (Mus. Gray.) 


PLEUROTOMA COSTATA. 
fusiformi, anfractibus superné subplanulatis, longitudi- 
naliter creberrimé costatis, transversim tmpresso-stria- 
tis; labro leviter incrassato, sinu distincto; albidd, 
lutescente pallide fasciata, 

THE RIBBED PLEUROTOMA. 


Pleur. testé oblongo-ovatd, sub- 


Shell oblong-ovate, some- 


what fusiform, whorls a little flattened round the up- 
per part, longitudinally very closely ribbed, trans- 
versely impressly striated; lip slightly thickened, 
sinus distinct, whitish, banded with pale yellow. 
Gray, MSS. (private cabinet). 
Hab. Island of St. Vincent, West Indies. 


Approximates rather to the former species, but of a dif- 
ferent form and wanting the band-like lines. 


Species 299. (Mus. nost.) 


PLEUROTOMA coccINATA. leur. test@ ovata, apicem 
versus acuminata, anfractibus levigatis, superné con- 
cavis, infra plicato-nodosis ; basi truncata ; albd, inter 
nodos dorsoque coccinata. 

THE SCARLET-STAINED PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, acu- 
minated towards the apex, whorls smooth, concave 
round the upper part, plicately nodose beneath ; base 
truncated; white, stained with rose-scarlet on the 
back and between the nodules. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Fab. 2 


Peculiarly stained with bright rose-scarlet. 


Species 300. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA VITREA. Pleur. testd cylindraceo-elongatd, 
basi leviter contractd, tenui, pellucidd, vitred, levigata, 
anfractibus superne et inferne subtilissimé sulcatis ; 
albidd. 

Tuer GLAssy PLevroroma. Shell cylindrically elongated, 
slightly contracted at the base, thin, pellucid, glassy, 
smooth, whorls very finely grooved round the upper 
and lower parts; whitish. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Singapore and Island of Mindanao, Philippines (found 
at depths of seven and twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. 


A very peculiar transparent glassy shell. 


Species 301. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


PLevRoToMA FoRAMINATA. Pleur. testd fusiformi-ovatd, 
liris angustis longitudinalibus et transversis creberrimé 
clathratis ; lutescente. 


December 1845. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Ptate XXXIII. 


THE PIERCED Prrvurotoma. Shell fusiformly ovate, very 
closely latticed with narrow longitudinal and trans- 
verse striee, yellowish. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


A close deeply-latticed shell. 


Species 302. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA EFFICTA. Pleur. testd ovatd, spird brevius- 

_culd, acuminata, longitudinaliter subconcentrice costatd, 

costis striis elevatis cancellatis; apertura subampla, 
labro incrassato, sinu latiusculo. 

THE ENGRAVED PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, spire rather 
short, acuminated, longitudinally somewhat concen- 
trically ribbed, ribs cancellated with raised strie ; 
aperture rather large, lip thickened, sinus rather 
large. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. ? 


Very like one of the minute species of Triton. 


Species 308. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA CAVERNOSA.  Pleur. testdé oblongd, spird 
angulato-turritd, anfractibus superné subangulatis, lon- 
gitudinaliter costatis, costis distantibus, liris angustis 
elevatiusculis transversis clathratis, anfractu ultimo 
prope basem peculiariter cavernoso ; fusca, liris costas 
super albicantibus. 

Tuer CAVERNOUS PrevRoToMA. Shell oblong, spire an- 
gularly turreted, whorls slightly angulated round the 
upper part, longitudinally ribbed, ribs distant, latticed 
with narrow raised transverse ridges, last whorl pecu- 
liarly cavernous near the base ; brown, ridges whitish 
on the ribs. 


Retve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845. 
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. 


Remarkable on account of its having a deep cavernous 
groove around the base. 


Species 304. (Mus. Cuming.) 

PrevrotomMa PoLyNEsIENSIS. Pleur. testd acuminato 
turritd, anfractibus parvis, rotundatis, longitudinaliter 
crebricostatis, transversim striatis ; labro incrassato 
sinu amplo ; albicante. 

Tur Ponynestan PLeurotoma. Shell acuminately tur 
reted, whorls small, round, longitudinally closely mb: 
bed, transversely striated ; lip thickened, sinus large 
whitish. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Lord Hood’s Island ; Cuming. 

May be distinguished by its little numerous rounded 
whorls 


Species 171. (Mus. Gray) 


PLevROTOMA apicata. Pleur. testd oblongo-ovatd, an 
fractibus superné concavis, subtilissimé unicarinatis 
infra nodoso-plicatis, plicis inferné evanidis, transver 
sim impresso-striatis ; columella callositate superné mu 
nitd ; luted, apice rufescente. 

Tue TUFTED Prevroroma. Shell oblong-ovate, whorl 
concave round the upper part, encircled with a ver 
fine keel, nodosely plaited beneath, plaits fading away 
towards the lower part, transversely impressly striated 
columella furnished with a callosity at the upper part 
pale yellow, reddish at the apex. 

Gray, MSS. (private cabinet). 

Hab. ? 

A peculiarly coloured shell, yellow with pink apex, witl 

a marked concavity round the whorls next the sutures. 


Plearctoma Pu ALAIV 


BOS 


309 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Piate XXXIV. 


Species 306, (Mus. Taylor.) 
(Magnified to twice its natural length.) 


PLEUROTOMA VIRIDULA. Pleur. testd ovatd, subventricosd, 
tenui, semipellucidd, levigatd, aut transversim minu- 
tissime impresso-striata ; alba, nitida, 

THE GREENISH PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, somewhat 
ventricose, thin, semi-transparent, smooth or trans- 
versely very minutely impressly striated; white, 
shining. 

Defrancia viridula, Moller. 

Hab. Greenland. 


A smooth semi-transparent greenish white shell. 


Species 307. (Mus. Hankey.) 
(Natural size.) 


PievRotoMA stnuosa. Pleur. testé pyramidali-ovatd, 
solidd, basi truncatd, anfractibus superne concavis, in- 
fra fortiter tuberculato-costatis, costis obliqué sinuosis, 
transversim fortissime crebristriatis ; dorso gibboso ; 
sinu amplo, rotundato ; albd, fascid unicd fuscescente 
indistinctd. 

THE stNuous Prinvurotoma. Shell pyramidally ovate, 
solid, truncated at the base, whorls concave round the 
upper part, tubercularly ribbed beneath, ribs obliquely 
sinuous, transversely very strongly closely striated ; 
back gibbous, sinus large, rounded ; white, encircled 
with an indistinct brown band. 

Gray, MSS. (private cabinet). 

Hab. ? 


A solid white shell, very faintly banded, remarkably 
strongly ribbed and striated. 


Species 308. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLEUROTOMA AMABILIS. Pleur. testa ovatd, turritd, pal- 
lide aurantiacd ; anfractibus septenis, subrotundis, cos- 
tulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis rotundatis, sub- 
distantibus ; suturd maculis albis ornatd; anfractu 
ultimo fascia albd angusta cincto. 

THe Lovey Prevroroma. Shell ovate, turreted, pale 
orange; whorls seven in number, somewhat round, 
ribbed, transversely striated; ribs rounded, rather 


distant ; suture ornamented with white spots; last 
whorl encircled with a narrow white band. 
Clavatula amabilis, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulph., p.21. pl.7. £.3. 
Hab. Straits of Malacca (from seventeen fathoms mud) ; 
Hinds. 


A pretty Scalaria-like species. 


Species 309. (Mus. Gray.) 
(Magnified to twice its natural length.) 


Prevroroma arrrnis. Pleur. testé pyramidali-oblongad, 
anfractibus superné concavis, tenuissime striatis, infra 
longitudinaliter costatis, transversim liratis, apertura 
parviusculd, lutescente. 

THE ALLIED PLEURoTomA. Shell pyramidally oblong, 
whorls hollow round the upper part, very finely stria- 
ted, longitudinally ribbed and transversely ridged 
beneath, aperture rather small, yellowish. 

Gray, MSS. (private cabinet.) 

Hab. Island of St. Vincent, West Indies; Guilding. 


Of a peculiar yellow tinge. 


Species 310. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA DELICATA. Pleur. testd subulatd, tenui, hy- 
alind, transversim minute et creberrimeé elevato-striatd, 
aperturé brevi; pellucido-albi, aurantio pallidissime 
maculata. 

Tur DELICATE PLEUROTOMA. Shell subulate, thin, hya- 
line, transversely minutely and very closely elevately 
striated, aperture short ; transparent white, very palely 
spotted with orange. 

Hab. Word Hood’s Island, Pacific Ocean ; Cuming. 


An elongated transparent bulimoid shell. 


Species 311. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA AXIS. leur. testd recto-acuminatd, inferne 
contractd, anfractibus superne bicarinatis, infra trans- 
versim exiliter liratis, apertura oblonga, sinu profun- 
do, albidd, aurantio-fusco subindistinete tinctd. 

Tue aAXx~E Pievroroma. Shell straightly acuminated, 


contracted at the upper part, whorls two-keeled round 


January 1846. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Puatr XXXIV. 


the upper part, transversely faintly ridged beneath, 
aperture oblong, sinus deep ; whitish, somewhat indis- 
tinctly stained with orange-brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. 

Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. 


The sinus which is formed between the two keels is unu- 
sually deep. 


Species 312. (Mus Belcher.) 


PLeUROTOMA spURCA. Pleur. testd ovata, acuminatéd, an- 
fractibus rotundatis, costulatis, lineis duabus vel tribus 
elevatis fuscis decussatis, minutissimeé transversim stria- 
tis, labro juxta suturam incrassato, intus crenulato, sinu 
amplo, lato. 

THE Dirty PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, acuminated, whorls 
rounded, ribbed, decussated with two or three brown 
lines, transversely very minutely striated, lip thickened 
next the spire, crenulated within, sinus large, broad. 

Clavatula spurca. Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 17. pl. 5. 

f. 14. 

Hab. New Guinea and Straits of Malacca (in from five to 

eighteen fathoms mud); Hinds. 


A stout shell partaking of the form of the P. argillacea. 


Species 313. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA CREBRIPLICATA. Pleur. testd ovaté, infer- 
ne ventricoso-sinuatd, anfractibus concentrice crebripli- 
catis, transversim crebriliratis, apertura patuld ; albidé, 
aurantio-fusco profuse variegata. 

THE CLOSELY-PLAITED PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, ven- 
tricosely sinuated, whorls concentrically closely plait- 
ed, transversely closely ridged; aperture wide open; 
white, profusely variegated with rich orange-brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. 

Hab. Bolinao, Island of Luzon, Philippines (found under 
stones at low water); Cuming. 


A richly painted shell disposed in close concentric plaits 
crossed by fine ridges. 


Species Sipe (Mus. nob.) 


PLEUROTOMA ROSARIA. Pleur. testé abbreviato-subulata, 
basi truncata, anfractibus concentricé plicatis, levibus, 
apertura brevi, vivide coccineo-rosed, anfractuum parte 
suprema albizonata. 

THE ROSE-STAINED PLEUROTOMA. Shell shortly subu-_ 
late, truncated at the base, whorls concentrically 
plaited, smooth, aperture short; bright scarlet-rose, 
uppermost part of the whorls white-zoned. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. 

Hab. ? 


A delicately coloured species peculiarly distinct from 
any other. 


Species 315. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prevroroma Dysont. Pleur. testé ovatd, spird sub- 
turrita, anfractibus superne concavis et obtuse carinatis, 
infra rotundatis, longitudinaliter costatis, liris trans- 
versis decussatis, apertura brevi, sinu amplo ; castaneo- 
fusca, anfractuum parte superiori hic illic interrupte 
albifasciatda. 

Dyson’s Prnuroroma. Shell ovate, spire turreted, whorls 
concave and obtusely keeled round the upper part, 
rounded beneath, longitudimally ribbed, decussated 
with transverse ridges, aperture short, sinus large ; 
chesnut-brown, upper part of the whorls here and 
there interruptedly white-banded. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. 

Hab. Honduras ; Dyson. 


I have much pleasure in naming this shell, at the re- 
quest of Mr. Cuming, after Ma. Dyson, whose adventurous 
researches after objects of natural history in a country not 
the most healthy for European travellers are certainly 
worthy of being recorded. 


) 
‘ 


Pleurctoma, Pt, XXX) 


JIG, 


= 


y 


31d. 


Sowerby del et s culp Vincent Broak: 


PEEUR O TOMA. 


Puate XXXV. 


(Magnified to about twice their length.) 


Species 316. (Mus. Taylor.) 


PLEuRoToMA Livips. Plewr. testa ovatd, subventricosd, 
tenui, levigatd, basi truncatd ; intus extusque livido- 
fuscd ; labro simplici, sinu lato. 

THE LiIviD PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, somewhat ventri- 
cose, thin, smooth, truncated at the base; livid 
brown within and without; lip simple, sinus broad. 
Defrancia livida, Moller. 

Hab. Greenland. 


A thin, smooth, dull brown semitransparent shell. 


Species 317. (Mus. Gray.) 


PLEUROTOMA CANCELLATA. Pleur. testa pyramidali, an- 
fractibus superne carinatis, transversim tenuissime lira- 
tis, liris striis longitudinalibus cancellatis, aperturd 
parva ; aterrimd, liris sordidé albis. 

THE CANCELLATED PLEUROTOMA. Shell pyramidal, whorls 
keeled at the upper part, transversely very finely 
ridged, ridges cancellated with longitudinal strie, 
aperture small; jet black, ridges dirty white. 

Gray, MSS. (private cabinet). 

Hab. Island of St. West Indies ; Guilding. 


Species 318 (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prevrotoma Honpurasensts. Pleur. testd oblongo-ova- 
td, spird acuta, anfractibus rotundatis, nodoso-costatis ; 
cinerco luteoque alternatim fasciatd ; labro incrassato. 

Tue Honpuras Pievrotoma. Shell oblong-ovate, spire 
sharp, whorls rounded, nodosely ribbed ; alternately 
banded with yellow and ash-colour ; lip thickened. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. 

Hab. Honduras ; Dyson. 


A very characteristic species. 


Species 319. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEvROTOMA FENESTRATA. Pleur. testd fusiformi-ovatd, 
subinflatd, tenui, pellucidd, anfractibus rotundis, liris 
superficiariis subdistantibus undique clathratis, labro 
simplici, sinu latiusculo ; pellucido-albd, aurantio pal- 
lide tinctd. 


THE WINDOWED PrnuRoToMA. Shell fusiformly ovate, a 
little inflated, thin, pellucid; whorls round, latticed 
throughout with rather distant superficial ridges, lip 
simple, sinus rather broad; transparent white, faintly 
stained with orange. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. 

Hab. sland of Mindoro, Philippines (found among coral 

sand at the depth of nine fathoms ); Cuming. 


The lattice sculpture is more apparent towards the apex. 


Species 320. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PLEUROTOMA STRIOLATA. Pleur. testd attenuato-fusiformi, 
anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis, costis angustis, 
elevatis, subdistantibus, transversim subtilissimé stria- 
tis ; fulvo-flavescente, zond nigrd angustd cingulata. 

THE FINELY sTRIATED Preuroroma. Shell attenuately 
fusiform, whorls longitudinally ribbed, ribs narrow, 
elevated, rather distant, transversely very finely stri- 
ated; fulvous yellow, encircled with a narrow black 
zone. 

Scaccu1; Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. 2. p. 168. 

JTab. Mediterranean. 


Approximating somewhat in form to the P. attenuata 


Species 321. (Mus Cuming.) 


Although apparently distinct, the smgle specimen here 
figured is so much worn that I must hesitate to describe 
it as new. 


Species 322. (Mus. nost.) 


PLEUROTOMA SEPTANGULARIS.  Plewr. testa subulatd, 
levigatd, anfractibus superné obtuse semicostatis, et 
septangularibus, labro valde incrassato ; roseo-albicante. 

THR SEPTANGULAR PLEUROTOMA. Shell subulate, smooth, 
whorls obtusely ribbed and septangular on the upper 
half, lip very much thickened ; pinkish white. 

Murex septangularis, Montagu, Testacea Britannica, p.268. 
pl. 9. f. 5. 

Hab. Britain. 


January 1846. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Prate XXXV. 


A solid shell characterized by a row of short blunt ribs 
extending about half-way across the whorls from the suture. 


Species 323. (Mus. Metcalfe.) * 


PLEUROTOMA GRANICOsTAaTA. Pleur. testé abbreviato-o- 
vatd, basi truncatd, spird brevi, anfractibus pulcherri- 
mé granoso-costatis, liris transversis clathratis ; albidd, 
roseo-fuscescente tinctd, granis saturatioribus. 

THE GRAIN-RIBBED PLEUROTOMA. Shell shortly ovate, 
truncated at the base, spire short, whorls very beau- 
tifully grain-ribbed, latticed with transverse ridges ; 
whitish, stained with pinkish brown, grains of a dar- 
ker tinge. 


Species 324. (Mus. Taylor.) 


Prevrotoma Mo.nerr. Pleur. testa ovatd, tenui, an- 
Sractibus superné peculiariter depresso-angulatis, lon- 
gitudinaliter creberrimé plicatis ; sordide alba. 

Mo.er’s PLevrotoma. Shell ovate, thin, whorls pecu- 
liarly depressly angulated round the upper part, lon- 
gitudinally very closely plicated ; dirty white. 


Defrancia lactea, Moller. 
Hab. Greenland. 


The name /actea being pre-occupied in reference to this 
genus, I dedicate the species to the eminent author of the 
Mollusca of Greenland whose loss the scientific world have 
so recently had occasion to deplore. 


Species 325. (Mus. Cuming.) 
(Natural size.) 


PLevrotoma LymMnmmrormis. leur. testd ovatd, tenut, 
inflata, striis longitudinalibus et transversis, ereberrime 
reticulata, aperturdé ampli, sinu lato ; albé, aurantio- 
Jusco tincté et maculata. 

THe LYMN#aA-SHAPED PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, thin, 
inflated, very closely reticulated with transverse and 
longitudinal strize ; aperture large, sinus broad, white, 
stained and spotted with orange-brown. 

Kener, Icon. Coq. vivantes, Pleurotoma p. 62. pl. 22. f. 3. 

Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. 


This is the nearest approach of any shell I have to M. 
Kiener’s P. Lymnee@formis. 


Heurotoma, 1£'U. XXXVI 


1 Vincent Brooks Imp 


S jowerby del et sculp 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Pirate XXXVI. 


Species 326. (Mus. nost.) 
(Magnified to one and a half times its length.) 


LEUROTOMA REGULARIS. Pleur. testa subpyramidali-o- 
vatd, anfractibus superné concavis, medio oblique regu- 
lariter costatis, apertura parva, sinu lato; allida. 

HE REGULAR PievROToMA. Shell somewhat pyrami- 
dally ovate, whorls hollow round the upper part, ob- 
liquely regularly ribbed, aperture small, sinus broad ; 
whitish. 

EBEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. 

lab. > 

Whorls obliquely ribbed round the middle with a pecu- 

ar degree of regularity. 


Species 327. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


LEUROTOMA ANGIcosTaTa. Pleur. testd oblongo-ovatda, 
spird turritd, levigatd, anfractibus longitudinaliter cos- 
tatis, costis subdistantibus, angustis, superne angulatis, 
submucronatis ; nived. 

‘HE NARROW-RIBBED PLEUROTOMA. Shell oblong-ovate, 
spire turreted, smooth, whorls longitudinally ribbed, 
ribs rather distant, narrow, angulated and rather 
pointed at the upper part ; snowy white. 

REEVE Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. 

Tab. ? 


A pure white hexagonal shell. 


Species 328. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


(Magnified to two and a half times its length.) 


PLEUROTOMA MUCRONATA. Pleur. testd acuminato-pyra- 
midali, anfractibus longitudinaliter subobscure plicato- 
costatis, costis nodulosis, apertura brevi; fuscd, nodo- 
rum serie mediand albicante. 

[He porntep Prevrotoma. Shell acuminately pyrami- 
dal, whorls somewhat obscurely plicately ribbed, ribs 
nodulous, aperture short ; brown, middle row of no- 
dules whitish. 

REEVE. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. 

Hab. ? 


An interesting well-defined species. 


Species 329. (Mus. Cuming.) 


(Magnified to one and a half times its length.) 


PLeurotoma CaGayanensis. Pleur. testé fusiformi-ova- 
td, spird acuminata, anfractibus superné unicarinatis- 
infra tuberculato-plicatis, transversim conspicue liratis ; 
sinu amplo ; albd. 

Tuer CaGayan PLeurotoma. Shell somewhat fusiformly 
ovate, spire acuminated, whorls encircled with a keel 
round the upper part, tubercularly plicated beneath, 
transversely conspicuously ridged ; sinus large ; white. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. 

Hab. Cagayan, Province of Misamis, Island of Mindanao, 
Philippines (found in sandy mud at the depth of 
seven fathoms) ; Cuming. 


The tubercular plaits are faintly tinged with brown. 


Species 330. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PLevRotoma Partita. Pleur. testd subpyriformi, spird 
grandi, breviusculd, suturd profundd, ampla, septis nu- 
merosis partitd ; anfractibus subtiliter striatis, sinw la- 
to, profundo ; albidd aut lutescente 

THE PARTITIONED PrEURoTOMA. Shell somewhat pyni- 
form, spire large, rather short, suture deep, large, di- 
vided by numerous septa; whorls finely striated, sinus 
broad, deep; whitish or yellowish. 

Conopleura striata, Hinds. 
Hab. New Guinea (in seven fathoms mud) ; Hinds. 


The honey-combed sculpture of the suture is very re- 
markable 


Species 331. (Mus. Cuming.) 


(Magnified to twice its length.) aoa od 


J 


Prevrotoma-tessennata, Pleur. testi pyramidali, an- 
fractibus superné concavis, medio confertim tuberculato- 
plicatis, apertura parva ; alba, maculis grandibus con- 
spicuis rufo-fuscis tessellata. 

THE TESSELLATED PLEvROTOMA. Shell pyramidal, whorls 
concave round the upper part, closely tubercularly, 
plaited in the middle, aperture small; white, tessel- 
lated with large conspicuous reddish brown spots. 


January 1846. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Ptiate XXXVI. 


Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. 

Hab. Isle of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs.) ; Cuming. 
A very characteristic species, and easily recognized by 

its style of colouring. 


Species 332. (Mus. Taylor.) 
(Magnified to twice its length.) 


PrevrotomMa Vaunuit. Plewr. testd tenui, oblonga, spird 
acuminata, suturd subprofunda, anfractibus rotundatis, 
flecuose plicatis ; intus extusque cinereo-fuscd, colunel- 
la alba. 

VauL’s PLeuRotoma. Shell thin, oblong, spire acumi- 
nated, suture rather deep, whorls rounded, flexuously 
plaited ; ashy brown within and without, columella 
white. 

Defrancia Vahlii, Moller. 

Hab, Greenland. 

The sinus of this species is probably represented by 
little more than a slight indenture. 


Species 333. (Mus. Cuming.) 
(Magnified to nearly three times its natural length.) 


PLEUROTOMA SEMEN. Pleur. testd oblonga, spiré mucro- 


| PLeuRotoMA Parta. 


| Toe ParRtTAN PLEUROTOMA. 


natd, anfractibus levibus, medio oblique plicatis, aperty 
ra pared, sinu profundo ; castaneo-fuscd, plicis albidis 
Tur sreD PiEuROTOMA. Shell oblong, spire pointed 
whorls smooth, obliquely plaited in the middle, aper- 
ture small, sinus deep; chesnut-brown, plaits whitial 
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. 
Hab. San Nicolas, Island of Zebu, Philippines (under ston : 
at low water) ; Cuming. | 


A small brown species, the whorls of which are cna 
cled round the middle by a row of short oblique whit 
plaits. 


Species 334. (Mus. Cuming.) | 

Pleur. testé oblonga, spird acumé 

nato-turritd, anfractibus superné concavis, infra plica 

to-costatis, costis angustis, subflecuosis ; alba, Sasci 
pallide aurantia indistinctd cingulata, 

Shell oblong, spire acumi- 
nately turreted, whorls concave round the upper part. 
plicately ribbed beneath, ribs narrow, rather flexuous 
white, encircled with a very faint indistinct orang 
band. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. 

Hab. > 


This shell has a beautiful opake white marble appearance, 


® 
ie 


B44. 


Sowerby del et sculp 


339. 


Pleurotoma, PUYXAVIL, 


540. 


346. 


Vincent Brooks Imp 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Prats XXXVII. 


Species 335. (Mus. Belcher.) 
(Natural size.) 


2OTOMA PAPILLARIS. Pleur. testd oblongd, levigatd, 
mfractibus rotundatis, obsolete tuberculato-costatis, 
pire apice papilloso, apertura brevi ; pallide rosacea, 
abri limbo intus rufescente. 

PAPILLARY Preuroroma. Shell oblong, smooth, 
vhorls rounded, obsoletely tubercularly ribbed, apex 
f the spire papillary, aperture short; pale pinkish, 
xdge of the lip tinged within with red. 

ula papillaris, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p.22. pl. 7. 


Straits of Malacca (from seventeen fathoms mud) ; 
Hinds. 


suliar in its colouring, and papillary apex. 


Species 336. (Mus. Belcher.) 
(Natural size.) 

Rotoma casta. Plewr. testd attenuate fusiforni, 
fragili, vitred, transversiin sulcatd, columella contort ; 
pallide rosacea. 

CHASTE PLEvRotomA. Shell alternately fusiform, 
glassy, transversely grooved, columella twisted; faintly 
tinged with pink. 
nella casta, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 25. pl. 7. 
20. 

Gulf of Nicoya, Central America (in twenty-three 
fathoms, among mud); Hinds. 


delicate and most elegantly formed shell. 


Species 337. (Mus. Gray.) 
(Magnified to twice its length.) 
DROTOMA LINEOLATA. Plewr. testé subfusiformi-ob- 
longa, longitudinaliter obtuse costatd ; albicante, lineis 
subtilissimis fuscescentibus cingulata. 
FINE-LINED PiEurotoma. Shell somewhat fusi- 
formly oblong, longitudinally obtusely ribbed; whitish, 
encircled with very fine brown lines. 
y, MSS. (private cabinet). 


? 


his little species may be known by the fine hair lines 
which it is encircled; the ribs have not that granular 
’arance represented in the figure. 


— 


Species 338. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 
(Magnified to three times its length.) 
PreuRotoma scaLpra. Plewr. testé pyramidali-ovatd, la- 
vigatd aut minutissime reticulata, apertura brevi, sinu 
distincto ; albd, Vineis fuscis brevibus tessellatim picta. 
THE SCRATCHED PLEUROTOMA. Shell pyramidally ovate, 
smooth or very minutely reticulated, aperture short, 
sinus distinet ; white, tessellately painted with short 
brown lines. 
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1847. 
Hab. 
Very significally tessellated with squares, each of four 


? 


| short parallel brown lines. 


Species 339. (Mus. Forbes.) 
(Magnified to three times its length.) 

Prevrotoma Forsesit. Pleur. testa turritd, anfractibus 
rotundatis, longitudinaliter obtuse costatis, transversim 
liratis, aperturd pared ; rufescente-fuscd, liris satura- 
tioribus. 

Forspes’ Prevroroma. Shell tureted, whorls rounded, 
longitudinally obtusely ribbed, transversely finely 
ridged, aperture small, reddish brown, ridges of deeper 
colour. 

Hab. Paros, Grecian Archipelago ; Forbes. 

I have much pleasure in dedicating this little species to 
Professor Edward Forbes, whose submarine researches 
among the islands of the Grecian Archipelago, have af- 
forded matter of so much interest and novelty. 


Species 340. (Mus. Cuming.) 
(Magnified to two and a half times its length.) 
PLEUROTOMA symMMETRIcA. Pleur. testd ovata, spird bre- 
viusculd, anfractibus superné depressis, longitudinaliter 
costatis, costarum interstitiis subtilissime elevato-stria- 
tis ; lutescente, anfractuum parte superiori alba. 
THE SYMMETRICAL PLEUROTOMA. 
rather short, whorls depressed at the upper part, 


Shell ovate, spire 


longitudinally ribbed, interstices between the ribs very 
finely elevately striated ; yellowish, upper part of the 
whorls white. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. 

Hab. ? 


A neat elegantly formed shell, partaking of the generic 


character of Mangelia. 


January 1846. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Puarp XXXVII. 


Species 341. (Mus. Cuming.) 
(Magnified to three times its length.) 


PLEUROTOMA CORNEA. leur. testé ovatd, spird acumi- 
natd, corned, subpellucidd, concentricé tenuicostatda ; 
Fuscescente, zona angusta pallida cingulata, 

THE HORNY PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, spire acuminated, 
horny, semi-transparent, concentrically finely ribbed ; 
light brown, encircled by a narrow pale zone. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. 

Hab. ? 


Ribs of a very delicate character, flowing concentrically. 


Species 342. (Maus. Metcalfe.) 
(Magnified to three times its length.) 

PLEUROTOMA FOVEOLATA. Pleur. testd ovatd, liris forti- 
bus elevatis undique reticulatis, liris ad decussationem 
granosis ; alba. 

THE PITTED PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, reticulated 
throughout with strong elevated ridges, granose at 
the point of crossing ; white. 

RexEve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. 

Hab. ? 


The interstices between the reticulations are peculiarly 
deeply pitted. 


Species 343. (Mus. Taylor.) 
(Magnified to two and a half times its length.) 


PLEUROTOMA GREENLANDICA. Pleur. testd tenui, ovatd, 
transversim creberrimeé elevato-striatd, striis subirregu- 
laribus, spire suturd subprofunda ; sordidé alba aut 
Suscescente. 

THE GREENLAND PLEeuRoTOMA. Shell thin, ovate, trans- 
versely very closely elevately striated, striae somewhat 
regular, suture of the spire rather deep ; dirty white 
or brownish. 

Defrancia suturalis, Moller. 

Hab. Greenland. 


Another of the little group which has been distinguished 
by a new generic title in compliment to M. Defrance. 


Species 344, (Mus. Cuming.) 
(Magnified to twice its length.) 


PLEUROTOMA PAGODA. Pleur. testa pyramidali-acumi 
anfractibus longitudinaliter crassicostatis, transve 
subtilissime liratis, apertura brevi ; olivaceo-fused. 

THE PAGODA PLEUROTOMA. Shell pyramidally acumin: 
whorls longitudinally stoutly ribbed, transversely 
finely ridged, aperture short ; olive brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool, Soc., 1846. 

Hab. ? 

This little species has a peculiar pagoda-like form, : 
the strong ribs continuing one under the other. 


Species 345. (Mus. Taylor.) 
(Magnified to three times its length.) 

PLEUROTOMA RUGULATUS. Pleur. testa ovatd, anfrae 
superne angulatis, concentricée tenuicostatis, inters 
subtilissimeé elevato-striatis ; sordidé alba. 

THE WRINKLED PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, whorls 
gulated round the upper part, concentrically fi 
ribbed, interstices very finely elevately striated ; 
white. 

Defrancia rugulatus, Moller. 

Hab. Greenland. 


Another interesting species of the Defrancia group. 


Species 346. (Mus. Cuming.) 
(Magnified to twice its length.) 

PLEUROTOMA SEMIGRANOSA.  Pleur. testd acuminato 
rita, anfractibus superne concavis, medio nodoso-cost 
infra granosis, aperturd pared ; albida, fascia aure 
inferne cingulata. 
HALE-GRAINED PLEUROTOMA. Shell acumini 
turreted, whorls concave round the upper part. 
dosely ribbed in the middle, granulated bene 
aperture small; whitish, encircled round the 1c 
part with an orange band. 
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. 
Hab. > 


THE 


The variety of sculpture above described is very cha 
teristic. 


Pleurotoma, PL.AXXVITL. 


653 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Pirate XXXVIII. 


Species 347. (Mus. nost.) 
(Magnified to twice its length.) 


LEUROTOMA TINCTA. 
tibus rotundis, longitudinaliter crassicostatis, iris 


Pleur. testa oblongo-ovatd, anfrac- 


transversis fortiter clathratis, interstitiis profundis, la- 
bro incrassato, sinu lato, canali subrecurvo ; alba, an- 
fractibus supra et infra aurantio-fusco fasciatim ma- 
culatis. 


PE STAINED PLEuROoTOMA. Shell oblong-ovate, whorls 
round, longitudinally stoutly ribbed, strongly latticed 
with transverse ridges, interstices deep, lip thickened, 
sinus broad, canal a little recurved ; white, whorls 
stained above and below with orange-brown spots. 

REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. 

Hab. ? 


Partaking very much of the form of Triton. 


eee se 
Species 348. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 
(Magnified to twice its natural length.) 


PLEUROTOMA CANALICULATA. Pleur. testé ovato-turritd, 
spire sutura canaliculatd, anfractibus stris elevatis, 
subtiliter clathratis, sinu amplo ; albicante. 

THE CHANNELLED PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovately turreted, 
suture of the spire channelled, whorls finely latticed 
with raised striae, sinus large; whitish. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. 

Hab? 


A light elegantly formed shell, contracted at the base. 


Species 349. (Mus. Cuming.) 
(Magnified to two and a half times its length.) 


Prevrotoma FusoreEs. 
cuminatd, anfractibus superne angulatis, striis elevatis 


Pleur. testa fusiformi, spira a- 


ereberrime reticulatis, labro subincrassato, sinu lato ; 

albicante, intus fuscescente. 
‘Tur Fusus-Likp PLEvROTOMA. 

acuminated, whorls angulated round the upper part, 

very closely reticulated with raised strie, lip rather 

thickened, sinus broad ; whitish, pale brown within. 
Resve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. 


Shell fusiform, spire 


January 


Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines (found in sandy mud 
at the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. 


A slender closely reticulated shell. 


Species 350. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 
(Magnified to twice its length.) 


PLEUROTOMA ALBIFUNICULATA. Plewr. testd oblonga, an- 
fractibus rotundatis, longitudinaliter crebricostatis, liris 
subtilibus transversis funiculatis, canalt subrecurvo, sinu 
lato ; albicante, aurantio hic illic tinctd, liris opalo-al- 
bis, apice rosaceo, 

THE WHITE-coRDED PLreuRoroma. Shell oblong, whorls 
rounded, longitudinally closely ribbed, corded with 
fine transverse ridges, canal a little recurved, sinus 
broad ; whitish, here and there stained with orange- 
brown, ridges opal white, apex pink. 

Regve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. South Pacific. 


A most characteristic and interesting species. 


Species 351. (Mus. Gray.) 
(Magnified to twice its size.) 


PLEUROTOMA PULCHRA. leur. testd ovatd, solidiusculd, 
spird acutd, anfractibus superne concavis, unicarinatis, 
medio tuberculatis, infra granosis ; rubido-fuscd, tuber- 
culis albis. 

THE BEAUTIFUL PLEuROTOMA. Shell ovate, rather solid, 
spire sharp, whorls concave round the upper part, one- 
keeled, tubereulated round the middle, granose be- 
neath, reddish-brown, tubercles white. 

Gray, MSS. (private cabinet). 

Hab. Island of St. Vincents, West Indies ; Guilding. 


A stout elaborately sculptured shell. 


Species 352. (Mus. Cuming.) 
PLEUROTOMA ALBINODATA. Pleur. testé ovato-turrita, 
medio gibbosd, anfractibus superne angulatis, ad angu- 
lum. tuberculatis, transversim granoso-liratis ; nigri- 
cante-fuscd, tuberculis albis. 


1846. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Piats XXXVIII. 


THE WHITE-KNOBBED PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovately tur- 
reted, gibbous in the middle, whorls angulated at the 
upper part, tuberculated at the angle, transversely 
eranosely ridged; blackish-brown, tubercles white. 

REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. 

Hab. ? 


The white tubercles stand out in prominent relief upon 
the dark brown ground. 


Species 353. (Mus. Cuming.) 
(Magnified to twice its size.) 

PLEUROTOMA SCARABA&US. Pleur. testa obeso-ovatd, spird 
brevi, apice elevato ; levigatda, spird apicem versus obso- 
lete hewagonali ; castanco-fusci, anfractu ultimo zond 
subobscurd lutescente cingulatd, apice albo. 

THE BLACK-BEETLE PLEUROTOMA. Shell stoutly ovate, 
spire short, apex raised, smooth, spire obsoletely 
hexagonal towards the apex; dark chesnut brown, 
last whorl encircled with a narrow yellowish zone ; 
apex white. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. 

Hab. Honduras ; Dyson. 


This interesting little species from Honduras may be 
recognised without difficulty. 


Species 354. (Mus. Gray.) 
(Magnified to three times its length.) 


PLEUROTOMA MARGARITIFERA. Pleur. testd subfusiformi, 
liris subtilibus creberrimé reticulatd, canali leviter 
recurvo, sinu lato; albidd, aurantio-fusco pallid tes- 
sellata, 


THE PEARLY-LOOKING PLEUROTOMA. Shell somewhat 


fusiform, very closely reticulated with fine ridge 
canal shghtly recurved, sinus broad ; whitish, faintl 
tessellated with orange brown. 

Gray, MSS. (private cabinet). 

Hab. ? 


Peculiarly closely reticulated. 


Species 355. (Mus. nost.) 
(Magnified to three times its length.) 


PLEUROTOMA D&HDALA. Pleur. testa subfusiformi, anfrac 
tibus longitudinaliter tenuicostatis, interstitiis tran. 
versim creberrime elevato-striatis, labro-incrassato ; a 
bidi, fuscescente pallidissime tinctd. 

THE NEATLY-MADE PLEuRoTOoMA. Shell somewhat fus 
form, whorls longitudinally finely ribbed, interstic: 
transversely very closely elevately striated, lip thick 
ened; whitish, very faintly tinged with light brown 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. 

Hab. P 


Suture rather deeply impressed. 


Species 356. (Mus. nost.) 


PLeuRoToMA optusa. Pleur. test oblonga, spiré brev 
usculd, obtusd, anfractibus rotundis, obtuso-costati 
transversim tenuiliratis, labro incrassato, sinu lato 
lutescente. 

THE oBTUSE PLEUROTOMA. Shell oblong, spire rath¢ 
short, obtuse, whorls round, obtusely ribbed, tran: 
versely finely ridged, lip thickened, sinus broad ; pal 
yellow. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846. 

Hab. ? 


A peculiarly obtuse depressed spire. 


Lleurotorma Fl. 


O66 


KE 


imp 


thers 


eve Br 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Prats XXXIX. 


The species illustrated in this plate, on a highly magnified scale, have been kindly communicated by M. Alcide D’Orbigny, 
by whom they were dredged from very deep water in the West Indies. 


Species 357. 


UROTOMA OCCIDENTALIS. Pleur. testd subfusiforne, 
anfractibus rotundatis longitudinaliter erebricostatis, 

costis liris angustis nodoso-decussatis ; canali sube- 
longato ; rosaceo-fuscescente. 

, WESTERN PLevRotomA. Shell somewhat fusiform, 
whorls rounded, longitudinally closely ribbed, ribs 
nodosely decussated with narrow ridges ; canal a little 
elongated ; pinkish-brown. 

). West Indies. 


Jistinguished by its rounded whorls, and general fusi- 
n shape, somewhat abbreviated towards the canal. 


Species 358. 


BUROTOMA CANDIDULA. Pleur. testd subacuminato-fusi- 
formi, anfractibus superne leviter depressis, longitudina- 
liter angiliratis, transversim striatis, canali subelongato, 

recto; sinu amplo; albicante, labri limbo rosaceo. 

E WHITISH PuevRoToMA. Shell rather acuminately 
fusiform, whorls slightly depressed round the upper 
part, longitudinally narrow-ribbed, transversely stria- 
ted, canal alittle elongated and straight ; sinus large ; 
whitish, lip edged with pink. 

wb. West Indies. 


Of rather a more straightly fusiform growth than the 
eceding species. 


Species 359. 


LEUROTOEA D’OrBrIGNit. Pleur. test fusiformi, acu- 
minato turritd, anfractibus rotundatis, liris subtilibus 
spiraliter cingulatis, canali breviousculo, sinu amplo ; 
pallide stramineo-albicante, labri limbo rosaceo. 

’Orpieny’s PLEUROTOMA. Shell fusiform, acuminately 
turreted, whorls rounded, spirally encircled with fine 
ridges; canal rather short, sinus large; very pale 
straw-colour, edge of the lip conspicuously tinged 
with pink. 

Lab. West Indies. 


T dedicate this most delicate and beautiful of the series 
o the indefatigable naturalist to whom I am indebted for 
hem. 


Species 360. 


PLEUROTOMA ANGULIFERA. Pleur. testd fusiformi, an- 
fractibus peculiariter angulatis, longitudinaliter crebri- 
costatis, costis ad angulum leviter nodosis, inferne 
elevato-striatis ; canali breviusculo ; anfractibus medio 
lutescentibus, supra et infra rubido-fuscis. 

Tub ANGULIFEROUS PLeuROTOMA. Shell fusiform, whorls 
peculiarly angulated, longitudinally closely ribbed, 
ribs slightly nodose at the angle, elevately striated 
round the lower part; canal rather short; whorls 
yellowish round the middle, reddish brown above 
and below. 

Hab. West Indies. 


The ribs of this species assume a peculiarly angulated 
growth. 


Species 361. 


Pievroroma cuaTHRata. Pleur. testd fusiform, spina 
breviusculd, anfractibus subventricosis, superne leviter 
canaliculatis, liris subtilibus concentricis et transversis 
pulcherrime clathratis ; sinu amplo ; fuscescente, rufo 
variegata. 

Tue Ltarrrcep PLevrotoma. Shell fusiform, spire rather 
short, whorls rather ventricose, slightly channelled 
round the upper part, very beautifully latticed with 
fine concentric and transverse ridges; sinus large ; 
light brown variegated with red. 

Hab. West Indies. 


Easily distinguished by its delicate latticed sculpture 


Species 262. 


PiEuRoTOMA MacRostoma. Pleur. testd ovato-fusiformt, 
spird breviusculd obtusd, anfractibus convevis, costis 
obtusis, oblique concentricis, inferne evanidis, ornatis ; 
canali peculiariter attenuato, apertura angustd, sinuata; 
ceruleo-purpurascente, rubido lineata et variegatt. 

Tur LoNG-MouTH PLevrotoMa. Shell ovately fusiform, 
spire rather short, obtuse, whorls convex, ornamented 
with obtuse obliquely concentric ribs, fading away 
towards the lower part; canal peculiarly attenuated, 
aperture narrow, sinuated ; blueish-purple, lineated 
and variegated with red. 

‘A curious obtuse shell very distinctly characterized. 


April, 1846. 


PLEUROTOMA.—Piate XXXIX. ' 


Species 265. 


PLEUROTOMA oBEsICcosTATA. Pleur. testd subobeso-fusi- 
form, anfractibus angulatis, longitudinaliter costatis, 
costis obesis, transversim subtiliter liratis, canali brevis- 
simo, truncato, sinu conspicuo ; fusca. 

THE sTOUT-RIBBED PLEUROTOMA. Shell obesely fusi- 
form, whorls angulated, longitudinally ribbed, ribs 
stout, transversely finely ridged, canal very short, 
truncated, sinus conspicuous ; brown. 

Hab. West Indies. 


The ribs appear to be of an unusually broad character. 


Species 280. 


PLEUROTOMA LAQUEATA.  Pleur. testd ovato-turritd, 
anfractibus angulatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis 
obesis, remotiusculis, interstitiis striatis 3 canal: trun- 
cato; apertura brevi ; sordide albidd. 

THE FLUTED PrEvRotoma. Shell ovately turreted, whorls 
angulated, longitudinally ribbed, ribs stout, rather 
remote, interstices striated; canal truncated ; aper- 
ture short; dull white. 2 

Hab. West Indies. 


The sinus is not very distinct, but sufficiently so to en- 
title it to a place in the genus under consideration. 


Species 295. 


PLEUROTOMA TURBINELLOIDES. Pleur. testd obeso-ov 
utrinque attenuatd, anfractibus rotundatis, longite 
naliter costatis; canali subelongato, sinu lato; albica 
Uneis nigricantibus binis cingulatd. 

THE TURBINELLA-LIKE PLEuRoTOMA. Shell sto 
ovate, attenuated at both ends, whorls round 
longitudinally ribbed ; canal a little elongated, sii 
broad; whitish, encircled with blackish lines in pa 

Hab. West Indies. 


Peculiar in form, and very characteristically marked. 


Species 321. 


PLEUROTOMA RUBRICATA. Pleur. testd ovaté, spira an 
lato-acuminatd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis re: 
tiusculis, interstitiis striatis ; canali brevissimo, trun 
to; rubida. 

THE BRICK-RED PLEUROTOMA. Shell ovate, spire any 
larly acuminated, longitudinally ribbed, ribs rat 
distant, interstices striated canal very short, tn 
cated; dull red. 

Hab. West Indies. 


The whorls are prominently angled in the middle, ¢ 
at the angle are produced into a slight nodule. 


ERRATUM. 


Prate XXXIX.—Instead of Sowerby del. et sculp.—read Pretre del. Sowerby lith, 


Plirotoma Ft Xi. 


BBG 


Sowerby, del et lth 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Puate XL. 


Species 363. (Mus. Taylor.) 


PLEUROTOMA SIGILLATA. Pleur. testa pyramidali-ovatd, 
transversim subobscuré striatd, anfractibus superné ea- 
naliculatis, infra exiliter oblique nodoso-plicatis, aper- 
tura breviusculd, patuld, basi truncatd, pallide rubido- 
castaned, fauce et columella luteo-albicantibus. 

Tue cLay Prnuroroma. Shell pyramidally ovate, trans- 
versely somewhat obscurely striated, whorls canali- 
culated round the upper part, faintly obliquely no- 
dosely plicated beneath, aperture rather short, wide 
open, base truncated; pale reddish chesnut, aperture 


and columella yellowish-white. 
p) 


Hab. 
A solid rather obtuse shell of a reddish-clay colour. 


Species 364. (Mus. Forbes.) 


PLEUROTOMA MULTIPLICATA. leur. testa pyramidali, 
anfractibus rotundatis, longitudinaliter crebré plicato- 
costatd, transversim liratd, liris angustis, subconspicuis, 
apertura parvd, canali brevissimo ; fusca. 
MANY-PLAITED PxLEeURoTOMA. Shell pyramidal, 
whorls rounded, longitudinally closely plicately ribbed, 
ridges narrow, rather conspicuous, aperture small, 
canal very short ; brown. 

Hab. Egean Sea; Forbes. 


THE 


A small pyramidal shell of numerous whorls. 


Species 365. (Mus. Forbes.) 


Pievroroma DeELosEnsts. 
breviusculd, anfractibus superne angulatis, liris longi- 
tudinalibus et transversis conspicue clathratis, apertura 


Pleur. testé ovata, spird 


subampla, basi truncatd ; lutescente. 

Tue DeLos PLeuRotoma. Shell ovate, spire rather short, 
whorls angulated round the upper part, conspicuously 
latticed with longitudinal and transverse ridges, aper- 
ture rather large, base truncated ; yellowish. 

Hab. Island of Delos, Grecian Archipelago; Forbes. 


An interesting small species, dredged by Professor 
Edward Forbes at the above-mentioned locality. 


Species 366. (Mus. Taylor.) 


PieuRoToMA TayLoriaNa. Pleur. testa elongato-turritd, 


anfractibus superne obscure curinatis, infra carinam 
concavis, medio conspicue oblique nodosis, transversim 
undique subtiliter striatis, striis elevatiusculis, granosis ; 
sinu subamplo, basi truncaté; luteo-albicante, striis 
transversis fusco-punctatis, anfractibus macula castaned 
prope suturam hic illic tinctis. 

Tayior’s Prevrotoma. Shell elongately turreted, whorls 
obscurely keeled round the upper part, hollowed 
beneath the keel, conspicuously obliquely noduled 
round the middle, transversely finely striated through- 
out, striae rather elevated, granulated ; sinus rather 
large, base truncated; yellowish white, transverse 
strie dotted with brown, whorls stained here and 


there next the suture with a chesnut spot. 
) 


Hab. 


I dedicate this interesting new species with a great deal 
of pleasure to its worthy possessor Thos. Lombe Taylor, 
Esq., a gentleman whose zeal in collecting shells is only 
equalled by his extreme readiness to communicate speci- 
mens, the investigation of which is at all likely to afford 
information. 


Species 369. (Mus. Taylor.) 


PLEUROTOMA UsTULATA. Pleur. testd abbreviato-fusiformi, 
spire suturis subprofundis ; anfractibus superné cana- 
liculatis, medio conspicue bicarinatis, infra carinas 
tenuiliratis ; sinu amplo; canali breviusculo ; pallide 
ustulatd, anfractuum parte suprema jucta suturam ru- 
bido-fusco maculato-tinctd. 

THE scorcHED PiEuRoToMA. Shell shortly fusiform, 
sutures of the spire rather deep; whorls canaliculated 
round the upper part, conspicuously two-keeled 
round the middle, encircled with fine ridges beneath 
the keels; sinus large; canal rather short; pale 
burnt brown, upper edge of the whorls next the su- 
ture stained with spots of reddish-brown. 

Hab. ——? 


This is another new and well-defined species for which 
I am indebted to my esteemed friend T. L. Taylor, Esq. 
The three interesting new species from that gentleman’s 
cabinet described and figured in this plate, though coming 
at the eleventh hour, form a most acceptable termination 
to this very long and tedious monograph. 


April 1846. 


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abbreviata, Reeve ............ 
abyssicola, Forbes ...........- 
ABER, IHW Cone aaaaaaac 
GSE, IMAM oon gHaa 0050 ac 
geruginosa, Reeve ............ 
mie, CR ec goto occ onneot 
alabasbers Aeeeve! ciasacane veces 


albicans, (Clav.) Hinds....... 


albicostata, Sowerby ... 


albifuniculata, Reeve.......... 
albina, Lamarck ............. 


amabilis, (Clav.) Hinds ....... 
angicostata, Reeve............- 
angulitera; Aleve sa. ccs ses. 
AWE, Jes oop oom aoee 
OME, (CM) oncoo adocgmeuc 
Aquabilisyeeeveiia..|2)> a1 ese ies 
LALA ER CCUE Manet eistsis cis He atene 


eee, Reeve. 


argillacea, (Clav.) ads, slsneuarer 
armillata, Heeve ...........- 
aspera (Clav.), Hinds......... 


AR AHL, Sea das gob de dagon.c 

aterrima, Sowerby ............ 
attenuata, (Murer), Montagu... 
AULEOLANPACELES eleeveieeseeie ele. 


auriculifera, Lamarck ......... 
australis, (Awrer) Chemnitz... . 
ARIS ICCUC ear nel cine 2 oud 
Babylonia, (Murer), Linneeus . . . 
beeticaly: Reeve: ke. cis ctincn sven « 
IBY, MPGAIY 5 poo co anhe oo oe 
bella, (Clav.), Hinds ......... 
bicanalifera, Sowerby......... 
Ibicoloriy So7se70ym tere eee 
bijubata, Reeve ............. 
Ibilineataseeeve> craic set ee ner. 
bimarginata, Lamarch ........ 
Boholensis, Reeve............ 
boxedlisy Reeve: asin. tara 
Botte, Valenciennes.......... 
brevicaudata, Reeve........... 
Buecinoides, Lamarch........ 
celata (Clav.), Hinds......... 
Cagayanensis, Reeve ......... 
callosa, Valenciennes......... 


PLEUROTOMA. 


XXXI. 
XXIX. 
XXXIV. 
VIII. 

X. 
XXVII. 
Vill 


XXXVIII. 


IX. 


XXXVIII. 


XXXIV. 
XXXVI. 
XXXIX. 
V. 
XXXIII. 
XX. 
XXX. 
XXXIT. 
INL, 
XXV. 
XXI. 
XXV. 
XII. 
XII. 
XXVIII. 
XXIV. 
NAH, 

I. 
XXXIV. 
Tr: 

XX. 

Il. 
XVIII. 
XII. 

VI. 

X. 

XXV. 

V. 

XII. 
XXXI. 
IX. 

XV. 
VILL. 
XXVII. 
XXXVI. 
XI. 


[Temporary Index.] 
Species. 

86 canaliculata, Reeve .......... 
157 Cancellatan G7cymmemremete-tsrery: 
164. candida (Clav.), Hinds........ 
276 candidula, Reeve ............ 
261 Cantiallsey Aeeve use iene 
309 carbonaria, Reeve ........... 

65 Candinalisteiteccelta ieee eee 

84. carinata, Gray . are 
243 casta, (Daphne lla), enna Sim 

62 castanea, Reeve ..........000 
350 CAG IIA gabon og50005044 

77 cavernosa, Reeve ...........-- 
350 cedo-nulli; Reeves ae sce elec 
308 cinctas Lamarck! eee sees 
327 cinerea, (Clav.), Hinds........ 
360 cingulifera, Lamarck .......... 
oe ClaraeReevely. nctactee a ctsrne one 
305 CHIME IBZ Gagocaaacaoac 
177 clavata, Sowerby ........-...- 
267 clavulus, Sowerby ...........- 
294 COCCIMALA ECU ae cieleie eters 

15 collamissySo7enbya- Vo eid cle ee er 
217 Comarmondi, Michaud ........ 
176 (Oli Eh JHA oon so canodd0Ude 
224 concentricostata, Reeve ........ 

98 conica. Hne. Méth. ........... 
100 contracta, Reeve ..........2.. 
248 CORN CAP ACEVE er etn eres Pere b es 
212 cornuta, SOWeENDY 2. ..-.65..+s 

69 COPTUT ALG) KICNCLI yea weiss creer 

14 corusca, Heeve............... 
311 (GOREN, CHW) macieoas couceoue 

5 crassilabrum, Reeve .......... 
167 crebriplicata, Reeve........... 

10 crenularis, Lamarck .......... 
146 Gish IEMA Basen ooodun ce 
103 erispata, Cristoforis........... 

40 GHAI MY congaagoonogue 

87 eryptorraphe, Sowerby ......-. 
225 Cumingii, (Buccinwm), Powis... 

34. UNO IIe AS os opbcdcoeor 
112 Cycladensis, Fordes........... 
277 Ghadhltn, 7719 asgoeocuoubpt cc 

76 Daphnelloides, Reeve.......... 
126 debilis (Clav.), Hinds ........ 

68 decussata, Macgillivray........ 
241 delicatan Heere em ecian cae cae 
329 Delosensis, Reeve ..........-. 
104 dentifera (Clav.), Hinds... .. 


Plate. 
XXXVIII. 


XXXV. 
XXV. 
XXXIX. 
XXX 
XVII. 
XXX. 
VIL. 
XXXVI. 
XXII. 

Vic 
XXXII. 
XIV. 
XII. 
XXII. 

1 

XXII. 
XXXIX. 
XVI. 
XII. 
XXXIII. 
XV. 
VIL. 
XXXII. 
XXXII. 
Ve 

XIV. 
XXXVII. 
XII. 

IX. 

X. 
XXXII. 
XIV. 
XXXIV. 
ANE 

Il. 

XIX. 
XX. 

I. 
XIII. 
XVII. 
XXXII. 
XXXVI. 
XXIV. 
XXII. 
XIX, 
XXXIV. 
XL. 
XXVII. 


Species. 


348 
317 
221 
358 
272 
145 
266 

56 
336 
ALE 

36 


Deshayesii, Dowmet..........- 
diadema, Kiener'.......--.-- 
digitale scene ayant tohestetetelel= 
discors, Sowerby ..........-- 
donata (Clav.), Hinds <2... ..- 
iD, Orbigniwicere errr 
DD) onvalllice ti Gaia7etee eerie 
duplicata, Sowerby .........- 
ID\ySoNL, JAMO ooo keno aco sos 
eburaHeever ce lemon eesieaceevecee 
echinata, Lamarck .......... 


efficta, Reeve......... 


ericea (Clav.), Hinds ......... 
exarataveevelry a. eaer ene ice. 
Ga NAME INAH oa ce paee sous 
excentrica, Sowerby ....-.... 
EXIMIAN CCV EMA oie eP-dskercuetail= 
PAS CIALIS MP UQNLUNChaeteleeleelslat<i = 
elt, JPM 45 anno addon ose 
fees ti auaye LECCE oer etenalcietal sien 
fimbriata (Clav.), Hinds ..... 
flammea (Clav.), Hinds ....... 
flavescens, Reeve ............- 
flavidula, Lamarck ..........- 
Morbesi, Reeve... eee - 

foraminata, Reeve .......... 

formicaria, Sowerby.........-- 
HOHIMOS, JHA ooansoccecac 
Forthiensis, Reeve........... 
MOMs, JUMMWINs & Sa oa paces dag 
foveolata, Reeve... 1... ones 
NeW JAAD dnc oeoccones0c 
IEE Jae Sao ameonodHo dee 
fulminata, gener... ... 1... 
fulva (Clav.), Hinds......... 
funiculata, Valenciennes ...... 
MUSCESCENS; G7AY/0 a. ereuciatelelteta- 
INMAOCEE, MAGA soogasoso0e4 
(Gamonsiteicevenn me oeereeeiee 
gemmata, Hinds ............ 
gibbosa, (Murev), Chemnitz .... 
elumacea (Clav.), Hinds ..... 
pmacilentia ACeUCrrtterleletereaetar 
eremebls, (Crticcaoeogsuecu0e 
granicostata, Reeve ..........- 
eranulosa, Sowerby ....-..++- 
(Cup, ING 5 66 conc ond” 
TAVIS LINAS oleteneasele veel eleserer= 
Greenlandica, Reeve ......... 
(Ciminilnnl, CW). 6 oo og og 50 00nc 
Guildimei ween ie. e -lectel 


Plate. 


une 

VI. 
XVII. 
VI. 
XXVI. 
XXXIX. 
XXVIII. 


VI. 
XXXII. 
XXI. 
XXXLIIT. 
TH 

VIL. 

X. 

IV. 

XE 
XXXV. 
SOT 
XXT. 
VIII. 
XXXVII. 
XXXIII. 
XXVIII. 
XXXVI. 
XXVIII. 
XIX. 
XXXVII. 
XXT. 
XX. 

Vv. 
XXVII. 
XI. 

We 
XXXVIIT. 
Ile 

X. 

Ae 
XXVIL. 
XIV. 

I. 
XXXYV. 
XI. 
XXVI. 
XXIII. 
XXXVITI. 
VIL. 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Species. 


46 
138 
38 
228 
359 
294 
78 
315 
275 
48 


Harfordiana, Reeve........... 
harpula, Valenciennes....... 
harpularia, Des Moulins ..... 
hastulaspligevermn er crack 
hexagona, Sowerby ........... 
hexagonalis, Reeve .......... 
lebhe@lsn, JAAS Ao ochosconosoe 
Hondurasensis, Reeve........ 
inyfalbtne, MHA oo5c00005 50006 
TMM, JHA so socacooconce 
imperialis, Lamarck ......... 
mma ENIEn [HARA oogo60005un ar 
impressa, (Clav.) Hinds ....... 
NGG, INIA oo gg ancoca anne 
inerassata, Sowerby ........- 
Win diay eDeshayes eet isise 
ments, JED 55 00cacoecoac 
inflata, Cristoforis .......... 
TeALO|MUMAEIE, JOA 65550 00ae ce 


Javana. (Murer), Linneeus 


ulus JEON ao 5e6 cane soSse 

Kaenert, Woumetic. «citer 
lacteas tReeve ms aveduc, ecko cols 
lanceolata, Reeve........... 
Janiguida; Heenan. 2 sete. 4-1 
TEV, AERA 5 ao cabs co 506s 
leeta, (Clav,)s Elimds)j... 3. ite 
levigata, Philippi..........- 
leucostoma, Reeve........... 
Leufroyi, Michaud .......... 
linearis (Murex), Montagu .... 
IbWOVeRME, MORO so odoacuuoce 
lineolatasy G7:07/ terre eer 


livata, Reeve ....... 


livida (Defrancia), Moller... .. 
Woeviana, Forbes. 3.22.0. 0- 
luctuosa, (Clav.) Hinds...... 
luteo-fasciata, Reeve .......... 
IMGESCONSyLeCuele rereistene ra ceensiene 
IL\ARGn, HD eagsos0conoe 
Lymneeveformis, Avener........ 
macrostoma, Reeve........... 
maculosa, Sowerby ........... 
INO, CMD os good dose sac 
margaritifera, Gray ......... 
marmorata, Lamarck........ 
TAIN, SIIRW) ao sn aane6abece 
merita, (Clav.), Hinds ...... 
Metcalfiana,) Reeve.......... 


Plate. 


XI. 
XV. 
XV. 
XVII. 
XII. 
XXXII. 
XIV. 
XXXYV. 
XXX. 
XXIV. 
Vi. 

XX. 
XXIII. 
XaViTis 
Ix. 
XVII. 
VIII. 
XXXT. 
VIL. 


XXTI. 
XXIX. 
XXXIX. 
XVIII. 
XXXII. 
XXXT. 
XVI. 
XXXIIT. 
XI. 
XXXVII. 


XXXII. 
XVII. 
XXVII. 
XXX. 
XIX. 
XXXV. 
XXXIX. 
VI. 

VIL. 
XXXVITI. 
TH. 

VI. 
XVIII. 
XXVI. 


Species. 


124 
124 
139 
105 
293 
TAs) 
318 
269 
214 

33 
170 
200 
133 

76 
142 

64 
131 
283 

51 

98 

26 

52 

56 
123 
182 
257 
280 
155 
291 
278 
131 
296 

96 
337 
280 
316 
290 
149 
239 
271 
160 
325 
362 

45 

59 
354 

21 

47 
14] 
229 


la, (Clav.), Hinds ......-. 
ns (Clav.), Hinds .......- 
aris, (Clav.), Hinds ....-- 
lid, JUD pepemeboennoet 
eformis, (Murer), Wood... 
sta, Sowerby ......--++++ 
aml, Aeve.......00+----- 
ile, Valenciennes ......---- 
ronata, Reeve .....-+----> 
iplicata, Reeve ......----- 
icata, Lamarck .........-- 
‘i, HER Seep ep uueo Some 
soides, Gray ......---+--+ 
la (Murex), Montagu ..... 
ecta, (Clav.), Hinds....... 
PBIUCCUE! (ae sealela)a<sieis= 211° 
rrima, Sowerby 
escens, Gray ......-..--> 
fs (Olav.), Hinds”. .-.-.-. 
in, KOGA Sec oe 5oue! oueD 
da, Sowerby.....-.------- 
tera, Lamarck.........--- 
re Zelandie, Reeve .......- 
. RETIRES os Bo aoe Be OO Ue 
liscus, Reeve........------ 
SME ILCEUC Meteo cco eisteue eisisie les 
Sicostata, Reeve .......--- 
iquata, Reeve ........----- 
iquicostata, Reeve .......-- 
Sfily JIAO ann bac ose ecoe 
ata (Clav.), Hinds........- 
identalis, Reeve ......-.-.- 
gacea, Sowerby .......-.--- 
iy JRZCORRS pe peace code oce 
ata (Daphnelia), Hinds ..... 
“intl, CGM) coan0 coo do eso0 
Sh UGS ee oboe eon Une 
ytropis, Sowerby ...-...+-++- 
modus, Reeve... ....---- +++ 
Bas REEVE 3 5c.- cia iereretass = 
Hida, Sowerby ........-..-- 
palis, Reeve ...... 
pillaris (Clav.), Hinds. 
BRP LRCEUC! 5,2: <.cneishsoi3) s{s0 statele > 
Mdalis (Clav.), Hinds ....... 
rtita, (Conopleura) Hinds . 
DET eS emer caiacs Bcc 
MAS ECVE! «8 so) c ciace wsieteins tv0 
NTE 2 ee ies Sa piae 
mtaronalis, Gray........--- 
ssulata, Leeve 


Plate 
XXVI. 
XXVI. 
VII. 
XIX. 
IV. 

XII. 
XXKXV. 
XVI. 
XXXVI. 


XI. 
XXIX. 
XXIII. 
XXV. 
XXXI. 
XII. 
XXVI. 
XXII. 
XVI. 
XXXII. 
VE 
XVII. 
XXI. 


XXXIX. 
XXIX. 
XX. 


XXXVIII. 


XXII. 
XXXIX. 
I 
XXIV. 
XXIV. 
IX. 
XXX. 
Il. 
XXVII. 
XXII. 
XVI. 
DV: 
XXXVI. 
XXXVI. 
XXIII. 
XXXVI. 
XXIV. 
XXVIII. 
XXXI. 
XXVIII. 
J Ye 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Species. 
238 
227 

55 
158 
23 


143 


wo 


= 
~ 
WD OF CD or Or 


pot 
for) 
co 


356 


pellis-phocse, Reeve....-..-++-- 
Perronii, (wer), Chemnitz . . . 
Philberti, Michaud ..........- 
Philippinensis, Reeve ......--- 
pica, Reeve .....-...-22+0--> 
picta, Beck .....-..++-++++-- 
planilabrum, Reeve .......---- 
plumbea, (Clav.), laiky So5ace 
pluricarinata, Reeve ........-- 
pluteata, Reeve ........--+--- 
polita, (Clav.), Hinds........- 
Polynesiensis, Reeve .....--+-- 
pseudo-carinata, Reeve ......-- 
pudica (Clav.), Hinds ......-- 
pulchella, Reeve .......------ 
pulchra, Gray .....--++-+--- 
punctata, Reeve.....--..- ++: 
puncticincta, Reeve .......-.-- 
purpurea, De Blainville.......- 
putillus, Reeve .....--+-++-+- 
pyramidata, Valenciennes .....- 
pyramidula, Reeve .......--++-- 
pyramis, (Clav.), Talinely Ggoldaoc 
quadrata, Reeve.....---+-++++-- 
quadrifasciata, Gray....-..--- 
quisqualis (Clav.), Hinds .. .. -- 
Quoyi, Des Moulins .......--- 
TAGMIhY JEM See eoeenococe ee 
rava (Clav.), Hinds .......--- 
reflexa, Reeve .........------ 
regia, Beck ........-+++-++-- 
regularis, Reeve....-.+-+---+-- 
reticulata, Broun ........+..- 
retusa (Clav.), Hinds........- 
rigida (Clav.), Hinds .......-- 
Rissoides, Reeve .......+--+-+-> 
robusta (Clav.), Hinds........ 
rosacea, Reeve........-----+-> 
rosaria, Reeve ........-.-+--- 
rosea, Sowerby ......----+++-> 
rosea, QUOY ....-.-+----++>- 
rubida (Clav.), Hinds.......-. 
rubiginosa (Clav.), Hinds. . ..-. 
rubinicolor, Reeve ........---- 
rubricata, Reeve ..........--- 
rubrifasciata, Reeve .......--- 
yudis, Sowerby .........----- 


rugifera, Sowerby . 


rugulatus Coane: Miller w 
rustica, Sowerby ....--+++++5- 


sacerdos, Leeve 


Plate. 
XXIX. 
XI. 
XVI. 
XIII. 
Vill. 
It. 
XVIII. 
XXXII. 
XII. 
XVUI. 
XXXII. 
XXIX. 
XXII. 
XXI. 


XXXVI. 


XXI. 
XXIX. 
XVI. 
XXV. 
VI. 
XXIX. 
XVIII. 
XXVUI. 
XXVIII. 
XXVI. 
XVI. 
XXV. 
XXVIII. 
XXVIII. 
IX. 
XXXVI. 
XV. 
XXVI. 
XXV. 
XIIT. 
XXIII. 
XX. 
XXXIV. 
WAL 
XVII. 
XXV. 
XXVI. 
XXII. 
XXXIX. 
XX. 

Vil. 
VE 
XXXVI. 


Species 
263 
94 
129 
109 
61 
16 
88 
Mb 
288 
101 
150 
304 
256 
199 
180 
351 
181 
258 
136 
219 
4] 
260 
147 
253 
251 
230 
137 
223 
250 
252 
75 
326 
122 
334 
216 
111 
204 
166 
314 
43 
143 
220 
226 
184 
321 
WrAll 
53 
127 
345 
91 
172 


PLEUROTOMA. 


Sacra, eevee a kyasieharn steve crete vere XXE 183 MINE, KAGE? 6405 00n5000006 
REINA, SIS 54 oo gndacanoes XXIV. 213 Tritonoides, Reeve............ 
scalaris (Clav.), Hinds........ XXVI. 233 imberculatasnG a7) seein 
Scalptapeceug weewacieieiiert-tersiete XXXVII. 338 tuberculifera, Broderip ........ 
scarabeeus, Reeve .......... XXXVIII. 353 Turbinelloides, Reeve ......... 
sculpta, (Clav.), Hinds........ XVIII. 154 WoO JHE oo oncncsesc5 a0 
semen, phere nner yaninc cence XXXVI. 333 turricula, Sowerby ........-- 
Semicostata, ACener) ne ae ee VILLE 67 turricula (AdZwrex), Montagu... . 
semigranosa, Reeve........... XXXVII. 346 MEL SHAAWA o po ap sonaanboo0 
septangularis, (Zwrexr) Montagu. XXXYV. 321 wnbilicata, (Drillia.), Gray .... 
sigillata, Reeve . PERE ore Oe be 363 undaticostata, Reeve.......... 
Sinensis, (Clav. ), iHiewde Susans XVIII. 153 WiNGloE JLTMHYe coccanuconco 
SIMIStLANS pe CLiGam ey einer ele eee X. 81 unedo, Valenciennes .........- 
SINWOSAy | G7GY eter teieeete XXXIV. 307 UUICO] OT SOWETO) ole i= oral fell= 
ROOM, JRA. 5 omc og gece need XXXII. 286 unimaculata, Sowerby ......... 
SPeclosaspiccuChn erate UL, 9 unizonalis, Lamarck .......... 
Spectabilisws/tcevel erties ets te 6 PHAN JAI sobocaccosccodes 
RN SoMIN, INT Sooaoadascdas XO, 222 ustulata, Reeve. . ueescr 
spicata (Clav.), Hinds ........ XXXVI. 231 Vahlu, (De/r anil), Moller seni 
spirata, Lamarch...... sdewetelaare VI. 44 TEIOO A, JHIAIA 6c nbacagsaoues 
splendidula, Sowerby ........-. VIII. 60 variculosa, Sowerby 
spurca (Clav.), Hinds ........ XXXIV. 312 VERE, NOGA boocosgaecce 
Siok), JES ooccccoonocecce OX WILIE, 152 variegata, Philippi ........... 
MEM MOAI? oscooogeocoa ca  AXVAUL 144 Vauquelini, Payrandeau....... 
RINGER SRO aoa noogccacde  24.0.Q"6 320 VexdllumsAteenel neers eels 
Stromboides, Sowerby ......... IX. 71 VETMUStaseACEUE) meverecial ser erccraele 
Subulasehcerem peace ere XXIV. 271) MGW AAS ominecods do cords 
sutunalisyeS70n ere eee VII 50 ViOlacease 117119 eeeetenetee rete 
symmetrica, Reeve ........... XXXVILI. 340 wauyeMbieEy, Jai Soacooen bobs 
taxus, (Murer), Chemnitz ..... IV. 25 WANGeRO), LLAMA om 000000600005 
Maylomanayeltceuel pase see la: 366 viridula (Defrancia), Moller .... 
(iene, CH) ccogasooooce0ase IX. 73 Vitrea CCUCHaas reer eres 
UNS OAS RH) oe AG CONIA Dae 5 XIX. 161 VANE Jae geo pe econes oqaG 
tessellata (Clav.), Hinds....... XXVII. 244, VULGIOSAs PLUCEDE Mee reyes etree 
Micaonicas secre ee eee XXX. 270 Weoodw. Kaener ete 
ean, JOR 5ac5ecnn0cas I 3 zebra, (Buccinum), Lamarck .. . 
EIN ChANECCUCIEE cee ae ee eee XXXVIII. 347 PONE, CHRD) 906 csenoconobas 
tricarinata, Valenciennes ....... XV. 121 zonulata, Reeve so. -.-- 0-66 
WmeeRt, (C70) ooo oneccccaco §=©XOOUNNL 297 

ERRATA. 


Species 17. 
Species 27. 
Species 49. 
Species 73. 
Species 91. 
Species 133. 
Species 271. 
Species 277. 
Species 331. 
Species 344. 


For P. fulv @—read P. lutescens. 
For P. scalaris—read P. borealis. 


For P. pagoda—read P. turris. 


For P. tessellata—read P. formosa. 


P. oxytropis—add as synonyme, P. xodilis, Hinds. 

P. olivacea—Erase P. funiculata, Valenciennes, as synonyme, and refer for that species to Plate XI. Sp. 95. 
For P. turricula, Sowerby—read P. Sowerbyi, Reeve; and for P. turricula, refer to Species 162. 

P. tenuis—add as synonyme, P. undatiruga, Philippi. 

P. rustica, Sowerby—add as synonyme, P. tiarella, Valenciennes. 
For P. tncisa, Reeve,—read P. Maravigne, BN and add as synonyme, Clavatula crebricostata, Hinds. 


Plate XIII. Sp. 205. For twberculos—read tubercula. 


Plate XXXT. For Sp. 280—read Sp. 281. 
Plate XXXII. For Sp. 171—vead Sp. 305. 
Plate XXXIV. For Sp. 315—read Sp. 314. 


III. 
XXXIV. 
XXXII. 
XXIII. 


MONOGRAPH 


CRASSATELLA. 


“Tn contemplation of created things 
By steps we may ascend to God.” —Mzlton. 


Crajsatella APO: 


CRASSATELLA. 


PuateE I. 


Genus CrassaTeLua, Lamarck. 


Testa equivalvis, transversa, inequilateralis, undique clausa. 
Cardo in valvd alterd dentibus duobus ; in alterd dente 
unico; foveold in utrdque valvd antice adjectd, liga- 
mento profund? inserto. Dentes laterales nulli, aut 
‘obsoleti. Impressiones musculares distinctissime im- 
bute. 

Shell equivalve, transverse, inequilateral, and everywhere 
closely shut. 
one in the other, with a deep pit on the anterior side 
in each for the reception of the ligament. Lateral 
teeth obsolete, or wanting. Impressions of the two 
lateral muscles very distinctly marked. 


Two cardinal teeth in one valve and 


The genus Crassatella was instituted by Lamarck for 
the purpose of associating a group of acephalous mol- 
lusks that appear to have been quite unknown to Lin- 
neus. Their shells exhibit an interesting peculiarity of 
character, being of a thick and solid nature, with an in- 
ternal ligament, and for the most part covered with a 
strong brown epidermis. The genus, however, as intro- 
duced by this distinguished conchologist, was yet imper- 
fect; it included five species that could not easily be 
separated from his Amphidesmata, and was therefore 
susceptible of improvement. With the view of uniting 
the intermediate species of these genera, a new genus 
was very judiciously proposed by Deshayes, under the 
title of Mesodesma; and, as it thus includes a series which 
are not strictly referable to either, it is now commonly 
adopted. 

Out of eleven species referred to this genus by La- 
marck, six only can be allowed to remain. Since his 
time, however, we have had many important additions ; 
two new species were described by Sowerby, in the ‘Pro- 
ceedings of the Zoological Society’ for 18325 one by the 
same author, in his ‘ Appendix to the Tankerville Cata- 
logue ;’ and ten by myself, in the ‘Proceedings of the 
Zoological Society’ for the past year. 

Of the following nineteen species, e/even have never 
been figured before. 


Species 1, a and b. (Mus. Cuming.) 
CRrASSATELLA GIBBOSA. 
epidermide nigerrimo-fuscd indutd ; intis albicante, 


Crass. testd subovali, gibbosd, 


latere postico brunneo ; umbonibus undulatis, com- 
pressis ; latere antico inclinato, rotundato, sulcis non- 
nullis brevibus ; postico arcuato, subrostrato. 


Jan 


Tre swoLLeN CrassaTeLLA. Shell nearly oval, gib- 
bous, and covered with a very dark brown epider- 
mis; interior whitish, brown at the posterior end ; 
umbones waved and peculiarly compressed ; ante- 
rior side bent, rounded, and ornamented with a few 
short grooves ; posterior side curved, and somewhat 
beaked. 

Sowersy, Proceedings Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 56. 

Resve, Conch. Syst., vol. i. pl. 44. f. 2. 

Hab. Western Coast of South America. 


Several specimens of this interesting species were 
dredged up by Mr. Cuming from sandy mud in eleven 
fathoms water, off St. Elena and Xipixapi, in South 
America. ‘The specimens here figured are the oldest 
and the youngest which Mr. Cuming collected, and 
are admirably adapted to show the different appearances 
this shell exhibits at different periods of growth. At an 
early stage the valves are depressed and strongly undu- 
lated; they then become gradually gibbous, and the un- 
dulations, retaining their original formation, get pressed 
up to the umbones. 


Species 2, a and b. (Mus. Cuming.) 


CRASSATELLA UNDULATA. Crass. testd ovali, brunned, fus- 
co-maculatd, epidermide rubido-fuscd indutd ; intis 
brunned, prope marginem anticam albicante ; umbo- 
nibus undulatis ; latere antico inclinato, rotundato ; 
postico longiore, angulifero. 

Tur wavep CrassaTELLta. Shell oval, brown, faintly 
spotted, and covered with a reddish brown epi- 
dermis; interior bright transparent reddish brown, 
white near the anterior margin ; umbones strongly 
undulated ; anterior side bent and rounded; poste- 
rior side longer, and angulated. 

Sowersy, Proceedings Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 56. 

Hab. Puerto Portrero, Central America. 


This species was dredged by Mr. Cuming off the above- 
mentioned coast, from sandy mud in eleven fathoms water. 
The observations that were made on the different appear- 
ances of the Crassatella gibbosa, at different periods of 
growth, apply also to the Crassatella undulata; the un- 
dulations are, however, wider and much more strongly 
developed. The epidermis of this shell is of a reddish 
brown colour, and (in the adult) of very thick fibrous 
texture. 


1S438. 


CRASSATELLA.—P tate I. 


Species 8. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


CRASSATELLA CASTANEA. Crass. testd ovato-trigond, gib- 
bosd, umbonibus plane erosis, epidermide castaned, 
quasi politd, nitente, indutd ; intis subfuscd ; latere 
antico rotundato ; postico angulifero, abrupto. 

Tuer cuestNuT CrassaTEtLa. Shell ovately triangular, 
smoothly eroded at the umbones, and covered else- 
where with a bright chestnut-coloured epidermis, 
as smooth and shining as if it were polished; inte- 
rior rather tinged with a dark fleshy brown; the 
anterior side rounded; the posterior somewhat an- 
gular and abrupt. 

Reeve, Proceedings Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 42. 

Hab. Coast of New Holland. 


The Crassatella castanea, the largest of the genus, is 
singularly distinguished by a smooth erosion of the um- 
bones; the bright horny nature of the epidermis is also 
a characteristic feature. I only know of three speci- 
mens of this fine shell, which, like most of the produc- 
tions of New Holland, exhibit a very marked peculiarity 
of character. 


Species 4. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


CRASSATELLA DECIPIENS. Crass. testa ovatd, subgibbd, 
epidermide fused partim indutd, vivide radiatd, radiis 
ab umbonibus ad margines sepe extensis ; latere an- 
tico subangulato, striis brevibus ornato ; postico sub- 
quadrato, partum productiore. 

THE DECEPTIVE CrAssaTELLA. Shell ovate, slightly gib- 
bous, partially covered with a brown epidermis, and 
vividly rayed, the rays, in most instances, extending 
from the umbones to the outer margins; anterior side 
rather angular, and ornamented with short striz ; 
posterior side somewhat square, and but slightly 
produced. 

Reeve, Proceedings Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 42. 

Hab. Coast of New Holland. 


This species, which has arrived in great abundance 
from New Holland, has been received by most collectors 
as the Crassatella Kingicola; I moreover regret that it 
has been figured under that title in my ‘Conch. Syst.’ 
This error was kindly pointed out to me by Mr. Sowerby. 
The Crassatella Kingicola, which I had not previously 
seen, is a very distinct species, and one of extreme rarity; 
indeed, the specimen which has furnished me with the 
following description is the only one I have seen. 


Species 5. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


CrassaTeLLaA Kineicota. Crass. testd solidd, ovato- 
orbiculatd, vix gibbd, subdepressd, albido-flavescente, 
epidermide flavido-fusca indutd ; umbonibus valdius- 
cule plicatis, pallide roseis ; latere antico rotundato ; 
postico leviter angulato. 

Tur Kine Istanp Crassaretia. Shell solid, ovately 
orbicular, very little gibbous, rather depressed, of a 
pale yellow colour, covered with a yellowish brown 
epidermis ; umbones rather strongly plaited, and 
palely tinged with rose-colour ; anterior side round- 
ed; posterior slightly angulated. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. vi. 
p- 109. 

Desnayes, Enc. Méth., vers, vol. i. p. 20. 

Sowerrsy, Genera of Shells, No. 3. pl. 2. 

Hab. King Island, New Holland. 


This interesting shell may be easily recognized by its 
rosy-tinted umbones, which are, moreover, rather strong- 
ly plaited. The specimen before me, belonging to the 
Rev. Mr. Stainforth, is, I believe, the only one in this 
country. M. Deshayes, however, says, in the ‘Encyclo- 
pédie Méthodique,’ that he has a large specimen in his 
possession; and Mr. Cuming informs me that he has 
lately seen one at Hamburgh. 


Crapsatela LC [1 


GR AS SA TE is Ae 


Puate II. 


Species 6. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 6, Mus. 
Stainforth.) 

CrassaTELLA suLcaTa. Crass. testd ovato-trigond, valde 
inequilaterd, gibbd, transversim sulcato-plicatd ; la- 
tere antico rotundato, postico angulato, productiore. 

Tue GRooveD CrassaTeLLa. Shell ovately triangular, 
very inequilateral, gibbous, transversely plaited and 
grooved; anterior side rounded, posterior angular, 
and more produced. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. vi. 
pe LO: 

Hab. Coast of New Holland. 


The shell which I assign to this species is generally 
understood to be the Crassatella suleata of Lamarck, and 
it is much to be regretted that M. Chenu has omitted to 
publish it in Delessert’s ‘Recueil de Coquilles.’ De Blain- 
ville and Deshayes both attribute to this species the shell 
which I have figured under the title of Crassatella pul- 
chra (vide pl. 3. f.16.), but it does not agree so well 
with Lamarck’s description. 


Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) 

CRASSATELLA LAPIDEA. Crass. testd ovato-orhiculatd, 
epidermide fibrosd sparsim indutd ; umbonibus par- 
vis, striatis ; intiis subfused ; latere antico rotundato, 
abrupto, striis nonnullis brevibus ornato ; postico sub- 
angulato. 

Tur stony Crassaretta. Shell ovately orbicular, co- 
vered with a scattered fibrous epidermis; umbones 
small and striated ; interior brownish ; anterior side 
rounded ; posterior somewhat angular. 

Reeve, Proceedings Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 43. 

Hab. Island of Negros, one of the Philippines. 


A single pair and several odd valves of this shell were 
dredged by Mr. Cuming from coarse sand in seven fa- 
thoms water at the Island of Negros. The heavy stony 
nature of the shell has suggested the above name. 


Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) 

CrassaTELLaA AntitLarum. Crass. testd trigono-ovatd, 
vir gibbosd, crassd, epidermide fibrosd indutd ; intis 
brunned, prope marginem albicante ; umbonibus sub- 
depressis, leviter undulatis ; latere antico rotundato, 
postico subangulato. 


Tue CrassateLLa or THE West Inpres. Shell tri- 
angularly ovate, slightly gibbous, thick, and covered 
with a strong fibrous epidermis ; interior deep cho- 
colate-brown, white near the margin; umbones a 
little depressed, and faintly undulated; anterior side 
rounded, posterior rather angular. 

Reeve, Proceedings Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 44. 

Hab, Island of Margaritta, West Indies. 


This magnificent shell, which Mr. Cuming informs me 
was dredged at the Island of Margaritta, in the pearl 
fisheries, has the same rich chocolate-coloured interior 
as the Crassatella undulata, and it approaches nearer in 
most respects to that species than any other. It is 
almost a matter of surprise that the Crassatella Antilla- 
rum should be one of such extreme rarity; the beautiful 
shell, however, which M. Chenu has erroneously figured 
as an example of the Crassatella rostrata, may probably 
be another variety of it. 


Species 9. (Mus. Stainforth.) 
CrassaTELLA CorsuLorpes. Crass. testd suborbiculatd, 
valde gibbosd, umbones versus profunde sulcatd, epi- 
dermide fuscd indutd; latere antico rotundato, postico 
producto, subitd rostrato. 

Tue CorBuLa-suHaPeD CrassaTELLA. Shell somewhat 
orbicular, very gibbous, deeply grooved towards the 
umbones, and covered with a brown epidermis ; an- 
terior side rounded, posterior produced, suddenly 
beaked. 

Reeve, Proceedings Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 45. 

Hab. ———? 


The shell which I have here described and figured 
under the above title is assuredly distinct from any other 
species. Its short gibbous form reminds us somewhat 
of the Crassatella gibbosa, but the umbones are not de- 
pressed as in that species, and the shell differs as ma- 
terially in other respects. 


Species 10. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


CRASSATELLA ROSTRATA. Crass. testd ovato-trigond, ros- 
tratd, levigatd, lineis rectis numerosis, ad margines 
ab umbonibus divergentibus, per totam  superficiem 
ornatd ; epidermide brunned, tenui, politd, indutd ; 
latere antico rotundato, postico productiore, subangu- 
lato; intus albicante, margine crenulato. 


Jan. 1842. 


CRASSATELLA.—P are II. 


Tne peaked CrassaTeLtA. Shell ovately triangular, 
beaked, smooth, having the entire surface orna- 
mented with a number of straight lines diverging 
from the umbones to the margins, and covered over 
with a thin brown polished epidermis ; anterior side 
rounded, posterior more produced and somewhat 
angular; interior whitish, and strongly crenulated 
round the edge. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. vi. 
p-110. Encyclopédie Méthodique, pl. 253. f. 2. a,b. 

Sowersy, Genera of Shells, No. 3. pl. 1. f. 3. 

Hab. Island of Ceylon. 


The Crassatella rostrata is a very characteristic spe- 
cies, and the only large one of the genus that is crenu- 
lated round the inner margin. The shell figured by 
Chenu under this title in Delessert’s ‘Recueil de Co- 
quilles’ may probably be a variety of the Crassatella An- 
tillarum. Lamarck quotes South America and the West 
Indies as habitats of this species; I never, however, 
heard of this shell coming from either of those localities, 
having received it, on the contrary, from Ceylon. 


Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) 


CRASSATELLA JUBAR- Crass. testd subovatd, valdé ine- 
quilaterd, gibbosd, extis vivide radiatd, radiis ferru- 


ginosis, ab umbonibus, jubarum similitudine, divergen- 
tibus ; ad utrumque latus irregulariter multistriatd ; 
epidermide fuscd, subquassd, sparsim indutd ; intis 
albd, ad extremitatem posticam brunned ; umbonibus 
plicatis, compressis ; latere antico inclinato, rotun- 
dato, postico arcuato, elongato, acuminato. 

Tux suNBEAM CrassaTELLa. Shell nearly ovate, very 
inequilateral, gibbous, and vividly radiated, the rays 
of a ferruginous brown colour, diverging from the 
umbones like sunbeams; transversely striated in a 
very irregular manner on each side, and covered 
here and there with a dark bruised epidermis ; in- 
terior white, brown towards the posterior extre- 
mity; umbones plaited and compressed; anterior 
side bent and rounded, posterior curved, elongated, 
and pointed. 

Reeve, Proceedings Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 44. 

Hab. Western coast of New Holland. 


A single specimen of this fine shell was presented to 
Mr. Cuming a short time since in Hamburgh, having 
been received by the liberal donor of it from that pro- 
lific portion of the globe above noted. It exhibits a 
peculiarity of character very unlike any other species, 
and is so richly illumined with rays, that I have distin- 
guished it by the name of “ The sunbeam Crassatella.” 


iE rapakeela lle 


S . 
y ~= 
rs 
Si Sz 

ss 

> =, 

==? 


Vive 


LS a. 


Sowerby ae 


teever Cah 


CRASSATELLA. 


Pirate III. 


Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) 


LASSATELLA RADIATA. Crass. testd arcuatd, valde ine- 
quilaterd, rostratd, carinatd ; superficie totaliter sul- 
catd, sulcis latis, profundis ; vivide radiatd, radiis 
ab umbonibus divergentibus ; latere antico rotundato, 
postico productissimo, acuminato. 

4B RADIATED CrassaTeLLA. Shell curved, very ine- 
quilateral, beaked, and carinated; surface wholly 
grooved, the grooves, which run transversely, being 
broad and deep; vividly radiated, rays diverging 
from the umbones ; anterior side rounded, posterior 
very much produced and pointed. 

owersy, Appendix Tank. Cat., p. il. 

EEVE, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 44. fale 

fab. Island of Singapore. 


Several specimens of this very interesting little shell, 
ether with the soft parts, were brought home by Mr. 
uming from the island of Singapore, where he dredged 
1em from coarse sand in seven fathoms water. 


Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) 


IRASSATELLA ziczac. Crass. testd subtrigond, depressd, 
luteold, epidermide tenui indutd ; radiis binis inter- 
ruptis, ab umbonibus ad margines divergentibus, lineis 
roseis, flexuosis, ubique pictd ; intis subrosaced ; la- 
tere antico breviculo, rotundato; postico subangulato ; 
lunuld utrinque radiis roseis vivide virgatd. 

PHE ZIGZAG-MARKED CrassaTELLA. Shell somewhat 
triangular, depressed, yellowish, and covered with 
athin epidermis; the surface of each valve painted 
with a pair of interrupted rose-coloured rays, sur- 
rounded with a number of zigzag lines ; interior 
rose-tinted ; anterior side short and rounded; poste- 
rior rather angular; lunule vividly striped on both 
sides with rose-coloured rays, running transversely. 

Rerve, Proceedings Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 45. 

Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Philippines. 


Several specimens of this very pretty species, in dif- 
ferent stages of growth, were dredged by Mr. Cuming 
at the island of Corrigidor from coarse sand in six fa- 
thoms water. 


Jan. 


Species 14. (Mus. Saul.) 


CRASSATELLA TRIQUETRA. Crass. testd trigond, solidd, 
rosaced, epidermide tenui indutd, transversim striatd ; 
maculis roseis irregularibus vivide pictd ; inttis ro- 
saced, versis marginem albicante ; margine tenuiter 
crenulato ; lateribus subreclis, vix rotundatis ; lunuld 
utringue magnd, radiis roseis vivide virgatd. 

THE THREE-CORNERED CrassaTELLA. Shell triangular, 
solid, pink, and covered with a thin epidermis ; 
transversely striated, and vividly painted with a 
number of irregularly pointed pink spots or blotches ; 
interior pinkish, white towards the margin ; margin 
slightly crenulated, sides nearly straight, scarcely 
rounded; lunule on both sides the hinge large, and 
vividly painted with pink rays running transversely. 

Reeve, Proceedings Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 46. 

Hab. ? 


Several specimens of this pretty little shell have lately 
made their appearance. but I cannot learn from whence. 
Its solid triangular form and bright warm rose-colour are 
peculiar and distinct features. 


Species 15. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Stainforth.) 


CrassaTeLLa suprapiata. Crass. testd trigono-ovatd, 
subequilaterd, transverse sulcatd, griseo-fulvd, radiis 
albis interruptis, obsoletis, maculis cuspidiformibus 
profuse ornaid ; lateribus ambobus rotundatis. 

Tur FAINTLY-RADIATED CRAssATELLA. Shell triangu- 
larly ovate, nearly equilateral, transversely sulcated, 
of a dingy yellow colour, profusely ornamented with 
faint white rays and a number of dark arrow-headed 
spots ; both sides of the shell rounded. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. vi. 
job Wit 


Hab. South Seas, Lamarck. 


There is little doubt but that the shell I have here 
figured is the Crassatella subradiata of Lamarck. Un- 
fortunately he refers to no figure beyond remarking 
that it has somewhat the aspect of the Macira striata of 


hayes). 


1843. 


CRASSATELLA.—Ptate III. 


Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) 


CrAssaTELLA PuLCHRA. Crass. testd ovato-trigond, de- 
pressd, obsolete radiatd, epidermide crassd, fibrosd, 
molliusculd, indutd ; transversim sulcatd, sulcis pro- 
fundis, regularibus ; latere antico rotundato, postico 
subangulato. 

Tue BEAUTIFUL CrassaTELLA. Shell ovately triangu- 
lar, depressed, very faintly rayed, and covered with 
a thick, soft, fibrous, light brown epidermis; trans- 
versely grooved, grooves deep and regular; anterior 
side rounded, posterior nearly angular. 

Reeve, Proceedings Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 43. 

Crassatella sulcata, De Blainville, Malac., pl.73. f.4. 

Hab. Coast of New Holland. 


De Blainville appears to have figured this shell in his 
“Manuel de Malacologie’ as the Crassatella sulcata of 
Lamarck, and Deshayes refers to it as such in his new 
edition of the ‘Histoire des Animaux sans vertébres ;’ 
it is not, however, of the same form as the shell de- 
scribed by Lamarck under that title, being neither gibbd 
nor latere postico productiore, nor does it agree with 
the figure in the ‘ Encyclopédie Méthodique,’ to which 
De Blainville refers. In the shell I have fixed upon as 
Crassatella sulcata the grooves are narrow and not par- 
allel with the lines of growth; in this shell the grooves 
are broad and deep, and exactly parallel with the same. 


Species 17. (Mus. Saul.) 


CRASSATELLA ORNATA. Crass. testd trigond, subdepressd, 
pallidd, lineis spadiceis brevibus, longitudinalibus, va- 
rie pictd, transversim striatd ; intis albdque brunned, 
margine tenuiter crenulato ; lutere antico rotundato, 
postico fleruoso, angulato. 

THE ORNAMENTEDCRASSATELLA. Shell triangular, some- 
what depressed, transversely striated, of a pale 
brown colour, variously painted with sharp, reddish 
angular lines; interior white, very dark chocolate- 
brown under the hinge and along the posterior side; 
margin faintly crenulated; anterior side rounded, 
posterior flexuous and angular. 

Reeve, Proceedings Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 46. 
Mesodesma ornata? Gray. 


Hab. ? 


This shell approaches so near in its characters and 


general resemblance to a figure in Griffith’s ‘ Cuvier’s 
Animal Kingdom,’ pl. 22. f. 6, under the title of Meso- 
desma ornata, that we venture to consider it the same, 
though certainly not referable to that excellent genus. 


Species 18. (Mus. Saul.) 


CrassaTELLA DivaRicata. Crass. testd orbiculari-ovat 
Sulvo-rubescente, maculis angularibus spadiceis, pl: 
minusve connexis, vivide variegatd ; bifariam striat 
striis anticé transversalibus, postice obliquis ; int 
albicante prope marginem violaced ; lateribus amb 
bus rotundatis, margine crenulato. 

THE CONTRARILY STRIATED CrassaTELLA. Shell ort 
cularly ovate, and of a yellowish brown colov 
vividly variegated with rich dark angular spot 
more or less connected with each other and pas 
ing over each valve in irregular festoons; striatt 
in two different directions, striz on the anteri 
half of the shell transverse, on the posterior he 
oblique ; interior white, violet colour near the ma 
gin; both sides of the shell rounded; margin er 
nulated. 

D’Orsieny, Moll. des Hes Canaries, p. 106. 

Venus divaricata, Chemnitz. 
Venus contraria, Gmelin. 
Crassatella contraria, Lamarck. 

Hab. Coast of Guinea, Lamarck; Lancerotte, Cana 

Islands, D’Orbigny. 


The Crassatella divaricata is a very characteristic sp 
cies, and may be readily distinguished by the peculi 
manner in which it is striated; the striz over one hi 
of the shell running transversely, and over the other o 
liquely. 


Species 19. (Mus. Saul.) 


CrassaTELLa Donactna. Crass. testd ovato-trigond, su 
gibbd, epidermide tenui indutd, paululum radiatd, ur 
bonibus plicato-rugosis ; latere antico subangulai 
plicis brevibus ornato, postico subquadrato. 

Tue Donax-suapep CrassaTELLa. Shell ovately t 
angular, rather gibbous, covered with a thin ey 
dermis and slightly radiated ; umbones_ strong 
plaited; anterior side rather angular and adorn 
with short plaits, which are continued across tl 
shell on approaching the umbones, posterior si 
somewhat square. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. 1 
p- 110. 

Hab. Coast of New Holland. 


The shell which I have figured in illustration of tl 
species appears to be the variety which Lamarck notice 
as having the umbones strongly plaited. 


MONOGRAPH 


OF THE GENUS 


POR © RUS. 


“ Kecentric, intervolved, yet regular, 


Then most when most irregular they seem.”’—Dilton. 


MONOGRAPH 


OF THE GENUS 


AG no es: 


“ Kecentric, intervolved, yet regular, 


Then most when most irregular they seem.”—Milton. 


bites, ht ie TA be 


Le 
= 
- 
» 
td 
- 
: } 
~~ 


- 


= 


Phorius Fl, 


EHOR US: 


Piate I. 


Genus Puorus, De Montford. 


Testa orbicularis, subconica, spird obtusd, anfractibus re- 
gularibus, peripherid tubulis cavis interdum ornatd, 
conchyliorum lapidumque frustis, irregulariter agglu- 
tinatis ; facie infernd concaviusculd, granosd aut la- 
mellosd ; umbilico amplo, profundo, sape etate occul- 
tato ; apertura depressd, marginibus disjunctis, labro 
simplici, acuto. Operculum corneum, tenue, ovale. 

Shell orbicular, rather conical; spire obtuse, whorls re- 
gular, periphery sometimes ornamented with hollow 
spines, with fragments of shells and stones irre- 
gularly agglutinated to it; under surface rather 
concave, granular or lamellated; umbilicus large 
and deep, often concealed with age; aperture de- 
pressed, margins disjoined, lip simple and acute. 
Operculum horny, thin and oval. 


The genus Phorus was introduced many years since by 
De Montford; but asit was not recognized by Lamarck, 
few authors thought it worthy of adoption. Little 
enough is known of the nature or anatomy of the Phori, 
but the remarkable character which their shells exhibit 
may be sufliciently estimated to rest their claim upon that 
alone to the rank of a genus. 

The character here alluded to is a property which 
these mollusks possess of agglutinating to the outer sur- 
face of their shells any fragments of stones, shells, corals, 
or other marine debris that they may chance to be in 
contact with, and which become so firmly attached that 
they cannot be dislodged without violence. The well- 
known Carrier Trochus (Trochus agglutinans, Lamarck ; 
Phorus onustus, mihi) was for a long time the only 
species of Phorus known; when others even were dis- 
covered they were only regarded as varieties of that 
species, and the agglutinating property which they 
showed their animal occupants to possess, was not consi- 
dered to be of any generic importance. The distinction 
however which De Montford assigned to these shells 
has become of infinite value, for we now possess several 
species of them, and the agglutinating power operates 
in different ways in each; some shells, for example, are 
found with only a few small pebbles agglutinated to the 
earlier whorls, whilst others are characterized by their 
having only such fragments of shells or stones as are flat 
or tile-shaped collected round the edge or periphery of the 
whorls ; and these several methods of agglutinating are 


each confined to particular species. Other modifications 
of this property may yet be discovered, and I trust, as 
the Phori are not uncommon in the West Indies, that 
they will ere long be made the subject of anatomical 
examination. ‘he specific differences consist, not in 
the nature of the materials which are agglutinated, as 
supposed by Born and others, who had their Trochi 
Uithophorus and conchyliophorus, for stones, shells and 
corals may often be found collected on the same indivi- 
dual; but in the perpetuated variations of the living 
shell. 

I see no reason at present for altering the situation 
which is commonly assigned to these mollusks in the 
general system; the structure and formation of the 
shell, as well as the presence of an operculum, seeming 
sufficiently to indicate that they are allied to the Trochi, 
and not to the Calyptree as supposed by Gray. 


Species 1. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Puorus catcuuirervus. Phor. testd orbiculari, convero- 
conicd, luteo-rosaced, tenui, subtilissime granosd et 
striatd, volutis calculis et conchyliorum frustis minutis 
superne symmetric ornatis; facie infernd profuse 
granosa et striata. 

Shell orbicular, con- 


vexly conical, yellowish rose-colour, thin, very 


THE PEBBLE-COLLECTING Puorus, 


finely granulated and striated, whorls symmetrically 
ornamented round the upper part with pebbles and 
minute fragments of shells; under surface pro- 
fusely granulated and striated. 

Rexve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1842; Conch. Syst., vol. ii. 
pl. 215. f. 7. 

Hab. ——? 

I have seen several specimens of this very pretty 
species; the shell is of a bright subrosaceous fawn- 
colour, entirely covered with fine diagonal strie and 
cross grains. 
fined to the upper portion of the whorls, there is always 
a row of fine pebbles or shells around the sutures, and 


The agglutinating property being con- 


they exhibit a regular increase in their selection as the 
agglutinating surface increases with the growth of the 


shell. 


Species 2. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Puorvus Inpicus. Phor. testd orbiculari, convexo-conicd, 


March 1843. 


PHORUS.—Ptatr I. 


ad apicem acutd, tenuissima, subtilissime striatd, albd, 


superne rosed ; anfractuum peripherié dilatatd, acu- | 
tissimd ; infernd facie profunde umbilicatd, fusco- | 


fasciatd ; lamelld laterali cavitatem formante. 

Tuer Inpran Puorvs. Shell orbicular, convex, sharp at 
the apex, very thin, very finely striated ; white, 
rose-tinted towards the upper part; periphery: of 
the whorls dilated, very acute ; under surface deeply 
umbilicated, brown-banded, lateral fold forming a 
cavity. 

Rexve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1842; Conch. Syst., vol. ii. 
pl. 21554. 6. 

Trochus Indicus, Gmelin, Lamarck ; Schubert and 


Wagner, Supp. to Chemnitz, p. 129. play 2292 


f. 4062 a, b. 
Hab. Cochin China. 


I never remember having seen this shell with any 
shells or pebbles attached to it, but the first two or three 
whorls sufficiently indicate that some have been agglu- 
tinated to it at one time or another by the numerous in- 
dentations which they exhibit. The under surface of the 
shell is generally marked with a circular brown band, 
the centre being widely umbilicated. 


Species 3. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Walton.) 


Puorvs onustus. Phor. testd orbiculari, conoided, brun- 
nescente-albd, striatd; anfractibus subangulatis, rudi- 
bus vel conchyliis, vel lapidibus agglutinatis ; infernd 
facie subconcavd ; umbilico etate occultato. 

Tue HEAVY-LADEN Puorus. Shell orbicular, conoidal, 


brownish white, striated; whorls somewhat angu- 
lar, rude, with shells or stones agglutinated to them ; 
under surface rather concave ; umbilicus concealed 
in adult specimens. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1842; Conch. Syst., vol. ii. 
pl. 214. f. 3. and pl. 215. f. 8. 
Trochus agglutinans, Lamarck. 
Fig. a. Trochus conchyliophorus, Born. 
Fig. 6. Trochus lithophorus, nonnul. 

Hab. West Indies. 


This is the original and best-known species of the 
group, and is generally very heavily laden with shells, 
stones, &c. 


Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Puorus pattiputus. Phor. testa solidd, pallidula, acu- 
tissime pyramidal ; volutis angulatis, conchyliorum 
frustis sparsis agglutinatis ; infernd facie leviter 
concavd, subtilissime striata. 

Tue pate Puorvs. Shell solid, rather pale-looking, 
very sharply pyramidal ; whorls angular, with scat- 
tered fragments of shells agglutinated to them ; 
under surface slightly concave, very finely striated. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1842; Conch. Syst., vol. ii. 
pl. 214. f. 4. 

Hab. Coast of Japan; Siebald. 


The shells of this species have a singular pallid ap- 
pearance, though fresh as when taken alive, and the frag- 
ments of shells agglutinated to them are unusually 
broken. 


7H 


2 
by aed: Reeve lth. 
JCowervy Atk 


PIO R Us: 


Prate II. 


Species 5. (Fig. @ and b, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Prorus souaris. Phor. testa orbiculari, depresso-conicd, 
calculis paucis sparsis versus apicem agglutinatis ; 
apice acuto; superficie striis obliquis et undulatis 
inscriptd ; anfractibus tubuloso-radiatis, tubulis te- 
nuibus, cavis, apertis ; infernd facie plano-concavd, 
undulatim striatd ; aperturd semicordatd ; umbilico 
parvo. 

Tae sun Poorvus. Shell orbicular, depressly conical, 
with a few scattered pebbles agglutinated towards 
the apex; apex acute; surface inscribed with ob- 
lique and waved striz ; whorls radiated with open 
spouted tubes ; under surface flatly concave, undu- 
lately striated; aperture semi-heart-shaped; um- 
bilicus small. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1842; Conch. Syst., vol. ii. 
pl. 214. f. 1 and 2. 

Trochus solaris, Linneus, Lamarck. 

Hab. Malacca (found in coarse sand at the depth of 

seven fathoms); Cuming. 


This very beautiful shell, in which the periphery is 
more or less extended throughout into hollow spouted 
tubes, has never more than a few pebbles agglutinated 
to the first one or two whorls. 


Species 6. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Puorus corrucatus. Phor. testa orbiculari, obeso-co- 
nicd, albd, diagonaliter corrugatd, volutim peripherid 
conchyliorum lapidumque frustis planis ornatd ; facie 
infernd pallidd, leviter granosd et striata. 

THe WrINKLED Puorus. Shell orbicular, stoutly coni- 
cal, white, diagonally wrinkled, periphery of the 
whorls ornamented with flat pieces of shells and 
stones; under surface pale, lightly granulated and 
striated. 


Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1842; Conch. Syst., vol. ii. 


pl. 214. f. 5. 
? 


Hab. 


The disposition of the agglutinated fragments in this 
species is very peculiar and distinct from that in any 
other; the generic property being confined to the base 
of the whorls, they become inserted edge-wise, ranging 
with great regularity side by side. 


Species 7. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Stainforth.) 


Puorus exutus. Phor. testd orbiculari, depresso-conicd, 
apice acuto, rosaceo-fulvd, tenuissimd, volutim peri- 
pherid inconcinniter undulata, dilatatd; superficie 
diagonaliter striatd et sulcatd ; infernd facie pallidd, 
nitente, striatd, versus marginem granosd, lamelld 
cavitatem formante. 

Tue pivesteD Puorvus. Shell orbicular, depressly co- 
nical; apex acute, rosaceous yellow, very thin; peri- 
phery of the whorls inelegantlv undulated, dilated ; 
surface diagonally striated and grooved; under 
surface pale, shining, striated, granulated towards 
the margin, the fold forming a kind of cavity. 

Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1842; Conch. Syst., vol. ii. 
pl. 215. f. 9 and 10. 

flab. China. 


This shell exhibits very slight evidence of ever having 
had any matter agglutinated to it. It somewhat re- 
sembles the Phorus Indicus, but may be readily distin- 
guished by the elaborate manner in which the whorls 
are diagonally carved with grooves and strie. The pe- 
riphery of each volution, which is most unusually dilated, 
is exceeding thin and fragile, and very uneyenly undu- 


lated. 


March 1848. 


Thorus. FUML 


Sowerby del sculp. et hth Reeve Brothers 


Cupro- 


PHORUS. 


Puate III. 


Species 3. (Fig. ¢ and d, Mus. Marquis of Northampton.) 


PHorvs onustus—Having two interesting new Phori 
fo add to my monograph of that genus, published in March 
1843, I take the opportunity of figuring a curious example 
of the above-named species, which has been kindly handed 
fo me for illustration by the Marquis of Northampton, in 
whose collection it forms a distinguished ornament. The 
peculiarity of this shell consists in its being crowded with 
1 particular species of Cerithium, amongst a mass of dead 
specimens of which, the animal must have located itself 
on the shore. For the specific characters, locality, and 
further account of the Phorus onustus I refer the reader 
to Plate I. Fig. 3. of the genus. 


Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Puorus SoLarroipes. Phor. testd orbiculari, subtiliter 
oblique rugosa, calculis conchyliorumque frustis vel lapi- 
dibus copiose tecta ; facie inferna planulatd, angulatd, 
conspicue spiraliter liratd, concentric subtiliter striatd, 
medio umbilicatd, umbilico amplo, profundo ; alba. 

Tue Souartum-Like PHorus. Shell orbicular, finely 
obliquely wrinkled, plentifully covered with pebbles 
and fragments of shells or stones; under surface flat- 
tened, angulated, conspicuously spirally ridged, con- 
centrically finely striated, umbilicated in the centre, 
umbilicus large and deep; white. 

REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Island of St. Nicolas and Zebu, Philippines (found 
in sandy mud at the depth of six fathoms) ; Cuming. 

This species, of which I have seen several examples col- 
lected both by Mr. Cuming and Mr. Hinds, is always of 
the same uniform small size. It may be chiefly distin- 
guished by the angular structure of the under surface of 


the whorls, and by its very large umbilicus, which is very 
similar in appearance to that of a Solarium. 

The fragments which become agglutinated to the Phorus 
Solarioides are as variable as those of the Phorus onustus, 
consisting either of stones, pebbles, or shells, with very 
minute portions of shell towards the apex. 


Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Puorus cereus. Phor. testd orbiculari, laevigata, calcu- 
lis, lapidibus, conchyliorumque frustis copiose tecta ; 
facie inferndé leviter concavd, minutissime spiraliter et 
concentricé corrugatd, medio vix umbilicato; alba, quasi 
cered. 

THE WAXEN Puorus. Shell orbicular, smooth, copiously 
covered with pebbles, stones, and fragments of shells ; 
under surface slightly concave, very minutely spirally 
and concentrically corrugated, scarcely umbilicated 
in the centre; white, wax-like. 

REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1845. 

Hab. Banguey, north end of the Island of Luzon, Philip- 
pines (found in coarse sand at the depth of ten fa- 
thoms); Cuming. 


The upper surface of the Phori is usually so crowded 
with its agglutinated debris, that the base of the shell 
must be especially looked to for character. In this species 
it presents a very different aspect from that of the last, 
and, in fact, of any that has preceded it. The entire base 
exhibits a gentle concave depression, with a comparatively 
smooth surface, being merely very minutely corrugated with 
all the semi-transparent appearance of wax. The surface 
of the upper portion of the shell appears to be perfectly 
smooth. 


March 1845. 


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MONOGRAPH 


OF THE GENUS 


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To ask or search I blame thee not; for Nature 
Is as the book of God before thee set, 
Wherein to read his wondrous works.” —J&/ton. 


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PHROCTUNCULUS. 


Genus Pectuncuxus, Lamarck. 


Testa orbicularis, sublenticularis, equivalvis, subequilate- 
ralis, epidermide pilosd sep? indutd ; umbonibus pa- 
rim separatis, ared intermedid parva; valvarum 
marginibus plerumque crenulatis. Cardo arcuatus, 

dentibus numerosis obliquis, medianis sepissime ob- 


soletis. Ligamentum externum. 


Shell orbicular, somewhat lenticular, equivalve, rather 
equilateral, often covered with a hairy epidermis ; 
umbones but little separated from each other, inter- 
vening area small; margins of the valves generally 
crenulated. Hinge curved, teeth numerous and ob- 
lique, middle ones mostly obsolete. 
ternal. 


Ligament ex- 


The word Pectunculus, which Klein, Lister, and many 
writers of the sixteenth century applied indiscriminately 
to different kinds of bivalve shells, was selected by La- 
marck for the purpose of distinguishing such of the 
Linnean Arce as have their teeth set in a semicircle or 
They differ, however, from the modern Arce in 
other not less important particulars, and a good generic 
distinction was discovered by Poli on examination of the 
soft parts. 


curve. 


Lamarck mentions twenty species of recent 
Pectunculi, and some few have been since described by 
Sowerby and Broderip. ‘The total number of species 
now before me is about fifty; many of them are new, 
and by far the greater portion have not hitherto been 
figured. 


Species 1. (Mus. Cuming. 


Pecruncutus intermepius. Pect. testd suborbiculari, 
subglabrd, subdepressd ; albidd, castaneo umbones 
versus pallide undato-radiatd ; striis radiantibus, 
subdistantibus, decussatis ; intus albd, marginibus 
crenatis ; epidermide crassd, pilosd. 

Shell rather orbicu- 
lar, smooth, and a little depressed; white, radiated 


towards the umbones with pale chestnut zigzag 


THE INTERMEDIATE PECTUNCULUS. 


lines; stri or lines of growth radiating, rather 
distant, crossing each other transversely and longi- 
tudinally ; interior white, margins crenated ; epi- 
dermis thick and hairy. 
Broperie, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 126. 
Hab. Iquiqui, coast of Peru. (Found in coarse sand at 
the depth of ten fathoms.) Cuming. 


Feb 


Pruate I. 


In all the specimens I have seen of this shell the epi- 
dermis is removed from about the umbones in the pecu- 
liar manner represented in the plate, and (as Mr. Bro- 
derip notices) the pale chestnut radiating zigzag lines 
which adorn that part are often effaced to a certain ex- 
tent by erosion or decomposition. 


Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prcruncutus ovatus. Peet. testd obovatd, convexd, gla- 
brd, lineis transversis minutissimis ornatd ; albente, 
umbonibus castaneo pallidé notatis ; intis albd, mar- 
ginibus crenatis ; epidermide tenui, subvillosd. 

Tue ovat Pecruncutus. Shell exactly oval, convex, 
smooth, ornamented with very minute transverse 
lines; whitish, marked with pale chestnut towards 
the umbones; interior white, margins crenated ; 
epidermis slight and downy. 

Broverip, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 126. 

Hab. Island of Lobos, Pacific Ocean. (Found in coarse 
sand at the depth of seventeen fathoms.) Cuming. 


This shell, which has a much lighter and more downy 
epidermis than the preceding, may be easily recognized 
by its peculiarly oval form. 


Species 3. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Precruncuius eicantrus. Pect. testd vald? convexd (ju- 
niore depress, fig. b.), solidd, giganted, longitudina- 
liter striatd, striis contiguis, regularibus, et sulcatd, 
sulcis fere obsoletis ; albd, inferne castaneo tinctd, 
superne maculis rubido-fuscis numerosis undatis, con- 
tingentibus, profuse et vivide pictd ; intis albd, mar- 
ginibus (in adultdé) castaneo-nitidis, crenatis ; epi- 
dermide crassd, pilosa. 

Tur cicanric Pecruncutus. Shell very convex (de- 
pressed in an early stage of growth, see fig. d.), 
solid, and of very large size, longitudinally stri- 
ated; striz close and regular, grooved in the same 
direction, grooves almost obsolete; white, stained 
towards the lower part with chestnut; middle and 
umbonal portion of the shell profusely and vividly 
painted with waved reddish-brown spots, touching 
each other for the most part on both sides; inte- 
rior white, margins (in the adult shell) of bright 


. 1843. 


PECTUNCULUS.—Piatez I. 


shining chestnut colour, crenated ; epidermis thick 
and hairy. 

Hab. Guaymas, Gulf of California. (Found in sandy 
mud at seven fathoms depth.) 


This magnificent shell, which was brought from the 
above port by Mr. Babb, R.N., accords in some measure 
with Lamarck’s description of his Pectunculus undulatus. 
The figure in Delessert’s ‘ Recueil de Coquilles,’ how- 
ever, of that shell, fully exhibits its specific difference. 


Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pecruncutus macuratus. Pect. testd orbiculari, sub- 
auritd, subequilaterali, converd ; albente, castaneo- 
maculosd, striis radiantibus subdecussatis, creberri- 


mis; intis albd, marginibus crenatis ; epiderm 
Suscd, villosd. 

Tue sporren Pecruncutus. Shell orbicular, sligh 
eared, nearly equilateral, convex, whitish, spot 
with chestnut, somewhat decussated with thick- 
radiating strie; interior white, margins crenat 
epidermis brown and downy. 

Broverip, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 126. 

Hab. Puerto Potrero, Central America. Cuming. 


The spots which peculiarly characterise this sl 
vary in different individuals, the colouring matter, as 
most of the Pectunculi, being very sparingly secreted 
an advanced stage of growth. 


Tectancitas. Fl 


owerty tel 


PECTUNCULUS. 


Pratt II. 


Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pecruncutus steLtLatus. Pect. testa orbiculari-cordatd, 
luteo-violaced, umbonibus peculiariter albo-stellatis, 
striis longitudinalibus, remotiusculis, fere obsoletis, 
ornatd. 

Tux srarrep Pecruncutus. Shell orbicularly heart- 
shaped, yellowish violet; umbones peculiarly starred 
with white, ornamented with very faint, rather re- 
mote longitudinal striz. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi. p. 491. 

Arca stellata, Bruguiere. 
Venus stellata, Gmelin. 

Hab. Coast of Portugal; Lamarck. 

This interesting shell may be immediately recognised 
by the peculiar manner in which the umbones exhibit, 
on a full aspect, a complete star, one half of the star 
depicted upon each umbone. 


Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pecruncuuus scriptus. Pect. testd orbiculari, convexo- 
depressd, decussatim striata, pallide carneold, lineis 
rubidis ungulatis profuse pictd. 

Tue written Pecruncutus. Shell orbicular, convexly 
depressed, striated longitudinally and transversely, 
pale flesh-colour, profusely painted with reddish 
angular lines. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi. p.490; Enc. Méth., 
pl. 311. f. 8. 

Arca scripta, Born. 
Hab. Island of St. Domingo; Lamarck. 


This is a very excellent species, and cannot well be 
confounded with any of the varieties of Pectunculus pi- 
losus, as Deshayes ventures to intimate. The angular 
zigzag marking in the very richly coloured specimen 
before me is no less prominent a feature than the finely 
decussating strie which ornament its entire surface. 


Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pecruncutus rtammeus. Pect. testd subtrigond, albd, 
maculis trigonis flammeis rubido-fuscis vivide pictd ; 
dentibus minutis ; ligamenti ared parvd. 


Tne reamine Pecruncutus. Shell rather triangular, 


Feb. 


white, vividly painted with reddish brown, flaming 
triangular lines; teeth comparatively minute; area 
of the ligament small. 

Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


I have met with at least a dozen odd valves of this 
shell, but no true pair. It differs eminently in shape 
from any hitherto-described species. It is triangularly 
contracted towards the umbones with a hinge of com- 
paratively small dimensions, and the painting, though not 
usually regarded of specific importance, is distributed 


with a great deal of character. 


Species 8. (Fig. @ and b, Mus. Cuming.) 


Pect. testd orbiculari vel 
ovato-convexd, longitudinaliter costatd, albido-car- 


PrecTUNCULUS LATICOSTATUS. 


neold, costis latis (in juniore angustioribus ) maculis 
rubidis irregulariter pictd. 

THE BROAD-RIBBED PectuncuLus. Shell orbicularly or 
ovately convex, longitudinally ribbed, pale flesh- 
colour; ribs broad (narrower in earlier growth), 
irregularly painted with reddish spots. 

Quoy anp Garmarp, Voy. de l’Astrol., pl. 77. f. 1 to 6. 

Enc. Méth., pl. 310. f. 4. ? 

Testa adultior. 

Pectunculus ovatus, Quoy (not of Sowerby). 

Hab. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. 


Although the two shells here figured present a some- 
what different aspect, they are unquestionably the same 
species in different stages of growth. The title of 
laticostatus is referred by MM. Quoy and Gaimard (I 
should imagine by mistake) to the younger shell, which 
scarcely differs from the older except in that the ribs 
are narrower. I have no hesitation in pronouncing them 
to be of one and the same species; indeed, the charac- 
ters which the above naturalists cite as distinctive are 
no other than the common indications of age. 


Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pect. 
datd, tumidd, cinereo-violaced, longitudinaliter sulcatd, 


PrecruNCULUS VIOLASCENS. testa orbiculari-cor- 


PECTUNCULUS.—Ptrare II. 


sulcis distantibus, fer obsoletis ; lunuld ovatd, sub- 
Sused. 

Tue viotacrous Pecruncutus. Shell orbicularly heart- 
shaped, swollen, ashy violet-colour, longitudinally 
grooved ; grooves distant, very faint, almost obso- 
lete; lunule ovate, brownish. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi. p. 493. 

PayranpbeEav, Cat. Moll. de Corse, pl. 2. f. 1. 


Testa fossilis. 
Pectunculus transversus ?, Lamarck. 
Arca insubrica ?, Brocchi. 

Hab. Coast of Sicily. 


I have followed Lamarck in describing this shell to 
be longitudinally grooved ; the character alluded to is, 
however, very feebly developed. 


Pectinaitits I LL 


PEGTUNCULUS. 


Puate IIT. 


Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pectuncutus toncior. Pect. testd ellipticd, albicante, 
rubido-fuscescente, parce variegatd aut radiatd, latere 
postico breviore, ferrugineo latius biradiato ; intus 
albicante, purpurascente-brunneo paululum infectd. 

Shell elliptical, whitish, 
sparingly variegated or rayed with reddish brown ; 
posterior side shorter, vividly marked with two 
broad ferruginous rays; interior whitish, 7 hte 
stained with reddish purple. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 196. 

Hab. Coast of Brazil; T’. Miller, R.N. 


The above description, though sufficient to distin- 
guish this shell from any other species, cannot be en- 
tirely relied upon; for it is only known by odd valves 
very much polished. 


THE LoNnGeR PecTuNCcULUS. 


Species 11. (Fig. a and 0, Mus. Cuming.) 


Pecruncutus Precrinirormis. Peet. testd lenticulari, de- 


presso converd, radiatim costatd, albicante, maculis 
fuscis subquadratis, lineisque ustis plus minusve va- 
riegatd ; intus fusco varie tinctd. 
Tue Pecren-sHapep Pectuncuuvus. Shell lenticular, 
strongly ribbed, ribs radiating 


whitish, more or less variegated 


depressly convex, 
from the umbones ; 
with cross burnt lines and squarish brown spots ; 
interior variously stained with brown. 


(Fig. 11 a.) 

Testa costis subnodulosis aut liratis. 21 
Shell with the ribs nodulated or ridged. 

vol. vi. p. 494." 

Arca Pectunculus, Linneus, Syst. Nat., p. 1142. 
Cuemnirz, Conch., vol. vii. pl. 58. f. 568 and 569. 
Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines; Cuming. 

Variety 6. (Fig. 11 6.) 
Testa major, costis latioribus, maculis sepissime ceruleis. 
Shell larger, ribs wider, spots generally bluish. 
De Buainvitte, Man. de Malac.,pl.65.f.3; Enc. Méth., 

pl. 311. £. 5. 

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines; Cuming. 


Variety a. 


Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., 


Species 12. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cuming.) 


Pecruncutus GLtycimeris. Peet. testd ovato-orbiculari, 


inequilaterali, depresso-convexd, versus cardinem at- 


March 


tenuatd, antice plus minusve angulatd, transversim 
et longitudinaliter striatd ; pallide carneold, maculis 
rubris angularibus variegatd, epidermide pilosd prope 
ad marginem indutd. 

Tue sWEET-savoureD Prcruncutus. Shell ovately 
orbicular, attenuated towards the hinge, inequilate- 
ral, depressly convex, more or less angulated an- 
teriorly, transversely and longitudinally striated ; 
pale flesh-colour, variegated with angular red spots, 
and covered near the margin with a soft hairy epi- 
dermis. 

Turron, Conch. Ins. Brit., p. 171. pl. 12. f. 1. 

Maceriiivray, Moll. Aberdeen, p. 338. 

Arca glycimeris, Linneus. 

Hab. Coasts of Britain. 

The specimens here figured are selected as extreme 
varieties of the species, and to show how greatly this shell 
varies in form, though always preserving its anterior 
angulation. That represented at Fig. a. was dredged 
up off Falmouth, and the latter was picked up by Mr. 
Cuming alive after a gale of wind on the west coast of 
Cornwall. 

Two species seem evidently to have been confou 
under this title : of Lamarck 
is Pectunculus Siculus mihi. 


Pectunculus glycimeris, 


Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pecruncutus pitosus. Pect. testd orbiculari, equila- 
terali, tumido-converd, decussatim subtilissimé striata, 
Suscescente, fusco-variegatd, epidermide crassd pilosd 
indutd. 

Tue nairy Pecruncutus. Shell orbicular, equilateral, 
tumidly convex, very finely decussately striated, 
brownish, variegated with darker brown, covered 
with a thick hairy epidermis. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi. p. 2; Enc. Méth., 
pl. 310. f. 2 
Arca pilosa, Linneus. 

Varieties : 

Arca undata, Linneus. 
Pectunculus marmoratus, Lamarck. 

Hab. Mediterranean, Coast of Sicily. 

This species is rounder and more tumid than the pre- 
ceding, and is 
hibits any anterior angulation, and the epidermis is 
thicker and softer. 


always of a darker colour; it never ex- 


1843. 


ote Gay 
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Prats IV. 


Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pecruncutus parcipicrus. ect. testdé suboblique cor- 
data, radiatim costatd, costis planis, in medio sepe 
sulcatis, costarum interstitiis profundis ; alba, luteo- 
castaned parce variegata; intus albd, antice purpureo- 
tincta. 

THE SPARINGLY PAINTED Pectuncutus. Shell rather 
obliquely heart-shaped, radiately ribbed ; ribs flat, 
often grooved up the middle, interstices between 
the ribs deep; white, sparingly variegated with 
yellowish chestnut undulated zones and patches ; 
interior white, stained on the anterior side with 
purple. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


The ribs in this shell are peculiarly firm, and squarely 
grooved out as it were, and they are often slightly rut- 
ted about half-way up the middle. 


Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pecruncutus assimiuis.  Pect. testa suborbiculari-cor- 
diformi, solidd, inequilaterali, altitudine longitudinem 
superante ; gibbosd, radiatim sulcatd, sulcis lirisque 
striatis ; albd, fasciis pluribus, rubido-brunneis, 
acutissime undulatis, oblique pictd ; liris brunnescente 
leviter tinctis. 

Tue asstmiLAtinG Pecruncutus. Shell somewhat or- 
bicularly heart-shaped, solid, inequilateral, height 
exceeding the length; gibbous, radiately grooved, 
grooves and intermediate ridges striated; white, 
obliquely painted with several very sharply undu- 
lated reddish brown bands; ridges faintly stained 
with the same colour. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. 

Hab. Puerto Portrero, and Bay of Guayaquil, Central 
America (found in sandy mud and gravel in from 
eight to twelve fathoms); Cuming. 


This interesting species somewhat assimilates to the 
following ; it differs however constantly both in form 
and colour, it is more distinctly grooved too, and the 
cross bands are narrower, more in number, and more 
sharply undulated. 


Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pect. testd subcordiformi, 
solidd, obliqud, inequilaterali, altitudine longitudinem 
superante; gibbosa, radiatim striatd, striis obtusis, 
per costas vel fasciculos costiformes congestis, dis- 
positis ; interstitiis striatis; albd, fasciis undulatis 


PrectuncuLus INZQUALIS. 


quatuor quinisve ferrugineo-nigerrimo-purpureo trans- 
versim vivid? pictd, costis roseo ceruleoque plus mi- 
nusve tinctis. 

Shell somewhat heart- 
shaped, solid, oblique, inequilateral, height ex- 
ceeding the length, gibbous, radiately striated ; 
strie obtuse, ranged together in the form of ribs or 
rib-like clusters, interstices striated ; white, vividly 


THE uNnEQuaL PrctuncuLvus. 


painted across with four or five rusty black purple 
bands, ribs more or less stained with pink and pur- 
plish blue. 

Sowrrsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. 

Hab. Bay of Panama and Real Llejos (found in sandy 
mud at the depth of ten fathoms) ; Cuming. 


This strikingly marked shell has been figured by 
Wood (Ind. Test. Supp., pl. 2, Arca, f. 11.) for the P. 
pectiniformis. 


Species 17. (Fig. aand 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Pect. testa orbiculari-cor- 
data, inequilaterali, radiatim costatd, costis obsolete 
sulcatis ; albd, transversim auriflud, antice maculis 


PECTUNCULUS AURIFLUUS. 


aureis nigerrimo-fusco marginatis. 

Tur GoLp-rLowine Precruncutus. Shell orbicularly 
heart-shaped, inequilateral, radiately ribbed, ribs 
obsoletely grooved down the middle ; white, richly 
painted with transversely flowing patches of bright 
orange; patches on the anterior half of the shell 
edged with blackish brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines (found in coral sand 
upon the reefs) ; Cuming. 


This new and beautiful shell may be easily recognised 
by its very bright orange painting: the adult specimen 
represented at Fig. a, compared with the younger, Fig. 
b, is singularly higher in proportion, and the groove 
running half-way up the ribs of the latter is quite obso- 
lete in the former. 


March 1848. 


PECTUNCULUS.—Piatte IV, 


Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PecruncuLus HouosERiIcus. Pect. testa suborbiculari, 
levi, albidd, multiradiatd, epidermide sericed indutda. 

Tue vetver Pecruncutus. Shell nearly orbicular, 
smooth, whitish, finely radiated, entirely covered 
with a dark, short, silken, velvet epidermis. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Australia. 


The peculiar close velvety softness of the epidermis 
alone distinguishes this species from any hitherto de- 
scribed. 


Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pecruncutus rosEus. ect. testd orbiculari, radiatim 


costatd, costis angustis, numerosis, confertis ; pallidé 
carneold, costis roseo-maculatis, maculis plus minusve 
elongatis. 

Tue rose Pecruncutus. Shell orbicular, radiately 
ribbed; ribs narrow, numerous, and close-set; pale 
flesh-colour, ribs rose-spotted, spots more or less 
lengthened. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


I have ventured to distinguish this bright rose-tinted 
shell as a new species, but must at the same time ex- 
press my fear that it may prove to be a variety of the 
Pectunculus laticostatus (Sp. 8.) in a very early stage of 
growth. 


: i o 
On 


‘ ie 
oe 


i) en 


Letuncilix (0 J 


PHCRUN CULUS: 


Puate V. 


Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PecruNCULUS BIcoLOR. Pect. testd suborbiculari, wm- 
hones versus attenuatd, longitudinaliter sulcatd, sulcis 
numerosis, angustis ; albidd, violaceo nebulosd, macu- 
lis trigonis ferrugineo-rubidis irregulariter pictd. 

[uz two-cotourep Prcruncutus. Shell somewhat 
orbicular, attenuated towards the umbones, longi- 
tudinally grooved, grooves numerous and very nar- 
row; whitish, clouded with violet, and irregularly 
painted with triangular rusty reddish spots. 

Rexve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Gulf of California. 


Mr. Gray appears to have mistaken this shell (Zoology 
of Beechey’s Voyage in the Blossom) for the Pectuncu- 
lus inequalis. 


Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PecruncuLus patuium. Pect. testd oblique ovatd, sub- 
quadratd, radiatim costatd, costis levibus, prope mar- 
ginem subobsoletis ; luteold, maculis rubidis, quadratis, 
sparsis, vivide pictd. 

Tue mantix Pecruncutus. Shell obliquely ovate, 
squarish ; radiately ribbed, ribs nearly obsolete to- 
wards the margin; yellowish, vividly painted with 
scattered square reddish spots. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 


Ha. Zanzibar. 


" This shell may be easily recognised by the dark ruddy 
spots which are sparingly scattered here and there upon 
the warm uniform ground which covers the surface. The 
‘eardinal portion of the shell is rather solid. 


) 


Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pect. testé suborbiculari, fulvo, 
radiatim costatd, costis 


PEcTUNCULUS NODOSUS. 
Ffurvo castaneove variegata ; 
nodosis ; intus albidd, antic? fuscescente. 

Tur xnossep Pecruncutus. Shell somewhat orbi- 
cular, yellow, variegated with dusky brown or 
chestnut ; radiately ribbed, ribs knobbed ; interior 
whitish, brown anteriorly. 

Rerye, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab, Ceylon. 


The knobs on the ribs, by which this species is chiefly 


characterized, are much more strongly developed on the 
posterior side of the shell; on the anterior side they are 
almost obsolete. 


Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PecruncuLus ruBENs. ect. testd orbiculari, valde 
convexrd, striis tenuissimis decussatd ; pallide rubente, 
maculis lineisque rubris numerosis vivide pictd ; um- 
bonibus subobliquis ; intus fuscescente. 

Tuer rep Pecruncutus. Shell orbicular, very convex, 
decussated with very fine strie; pale red, vividly 
painted with numerous blotches and longitudinal 
lines of dark red ; umbones rather oblique ; interior 
brownish. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans. vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. vi. 
p- 490. 

Hab. ——? 

This shell, which I believe to be the Pectunculus rubens 
of Lamarck, differs materially from the Pectunculus 
glycimeris. It is rounder, considerably more ventricose, 
and profusely splashed with a much deeper red. 


Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Precruncutus pennaceus. Pect. testd orbiculari, tumi- 
dd, decussatim striatd, striis longitudinalibus fortio- 
ribus ; albidd, maculis fuscis grandibus et parvis irre- 
gulariter pictd ; umbonibus ligamenti extremitate an- 
ticd inflevis. 

THE FEATHERED Pecruncutts. Shell orbicular, swollen, 
decussately striated, longitudinal striz the stronger; 
whitish, irregularly painted with large and small 
dark brown spots; umbones bent inwards to the 
anterior end of the ligament. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. vi. 
p- 490. 

Hab. Island of St. Thomas, &c., West Indies. 


The umbones of this shell meet in a remarkable manner 
quite at one extremity of the ligament. It often attains 
a larger size than that of the specimen here figured. 


Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Precruncutus tineatus. Pect. testd orbiculari, converd, 


subauriculatd ; decussatim striatd, striis longitudina- 


April 1843. 


PECTUNCULUS.—Ptare V. 


libus fortioribus ; albidd, postice et mediane maculis 
castaneis irregulariter nebulosd, antice lineis longitu- 
dinalibus castaneis vivide pictd ; umbonibus centra- 
libus. 

Tue LINEATED Pectuncutus. Shell orbicular, convex, 
slightly auriculated, decussately striated, longitu- 
dinal striz the stronger; whitish, clouded poste- 
riorly and about the middle with chestnut spots, 
and vividly painted anteriorly with dark longitudi- 
nal lines ; umbones central. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. West Indies. 


The painting of this species is not much unlike that of 
the preceding ; the anterior side of the shell, however, 
is white and very peculiarly lineated. 


Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PEctuncuLus muuticostatus. Pect. testd orbiculari, 
diatim costatd, costis numerosissimis rotundatis 
distinctis ; albd, castaneo, rubiginoso, cinereoque 
riegatd ; umbonibus antice inflecis. 

THE MANY-RIBBED PrEctuncutus. Shell orbicular, 
diately ribbed, ribs very numerous, rounded and 
stinct ; white, variegated with chestnut, rust, « 
ash colours ; umbones bent in anteriorly. 

Sowrrsy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. 

Hab. Bay of Guayaquil (found in coarse sand and gré 
at the depth of twelve fathoms) ; Cuming. 


This very beautiful Pectunculus has somewhat 
appearance of a Cardium. 


“ 


Lectunciliis LL 47 


PIG N CURL Wes: 


Puate VI. 


Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PECTUNCULUS STRIATULARIS. 
datd; albido-rufescente, striis lineisque rufis longi- 
tudinalibus, numerosissimis, ornatad ; umbonibus sub- 
obliquis. 

Tue FINELY-sTRIATED PrctuncuLus. Shell depressly 
heart-shaped ; ruddy white, ornamented with a 
number of longitudinal red lines and strize; um- 
bones rather oblique, tipped with white. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans. vert., (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. vi. 
p- 493. 

Hab. Swan River. 


In light varieties of this species the red longitudinal 
lines are much more vividly painted than in the specimen 
here represented, particularly towards the umbones. 


Pect. testa depresso-cor- 


Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pecruncutus pectinatus. Pect. testd lenticulari, de- 
presso-convexd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis crebris, 
transverse striatis ; albida, maculis ceruleo-fuscis 
paucis, subquadratis, et lineis varie pictd. 

Tae PectinaTtED Pecruncutus. Shell lenticular, de- 
pressly convex, longitudinally ribbed, ribs nume~- 
rous, transversely striated ; whitish, variously paint- 
ed with lines and a few squarish blue-brown 
blotches. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. vi. 
p. 494. 

Arca Pectunculus, minor, Chemnitz, Conch., vol. vii. 
pl. 58. f. 570, 571. 

Hab. Island of La Plata (found in coral sand at the 

depth of seventeen fathoms) ; Cuming. 


The ribs in this shell are obliquely crossed here and 
there with fine lines in the same manner as those of the 
P. Pectiniformis ; the dark blotching is somewhat irre- 
gular, and always thicker towards the umbones. 


Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pecruncuuus TesseLLatus. Pect. testd orbiculari, um- 
bones versus triangulariter attenuatd, subglobosd, albd, 
purpureo-laccd tessellatd et variegatd ; longttudina- 
liter costatd, costis rotundatis, subdistantibus. 

THE TESSELLATED Prectuncutus. Shell orbicular, tri- 


angularly attenuated towards the umbones, rather 


globose, white, tessellated and variegated with 
purple lake; longitudinally ribbed, ribs rounded 
and rather distant. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. 

Hab. Monte Christi and Xipixapi, West Columbia (found 
in sandy mud at the depth of ten fathoms); Cuming. 


A solid and globose shell, very neatly tessellated with 
rich purple lake spots. 


Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Precruncuxtus ancuuatus. Pect. testd depresso-cordatd, 
antice angulatd, longitudinaliter sulcato-lineatd et 
striata ; castaneo-fuscd, alba plis minisve nebulosa, 
ared ligamenti breviusculd. 

THE ANGULATED Pectuncutus. Shell depressly cordate, 
anteriorly angulated, longitudinally deeply lined 
and striated; dark chestnut-brown, more or less 
splashed with white; area of the ligament rather 
short. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. vi. 
peso: 

Arca subangulata, Chemnitz, Conch., vol. vii. pl. 57. 
f. 567. 

Hab. Catbalonga, Island of Samar, Philippines (found 
in coarse sand at the depth of eight fathoms) ; Cu- 
ming. 

The specimen here figured exhibits no white, excepting 
at the tips of the umbones; but I have seen specimens 
with the angulated portion of the shell almost entirely 
white, and it is avery pure white. The longitudinally- 
grooved lines of a light fulvous colour are very finely 
wrought upon the dark chestnut ground of the shell. 


Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) 
Pecruncutus stricizatus. Pect. testa suborbiculari, 
umbones versus triangulariter attenuatd, ventricosd ; 
albidd, roseo tinctd, et rubiginoso striatd et variegatd ; 
longitudinaliter costatd, costis rotundatis, subdistan- 
tibus, interstitiis levibus. 

Tue coMB-LIKE Pecruncutus. Shell nearly orbicular, 
triangularly attenuated towards the umbones, ven- 
tricose; whitish, stained with rose, striated and 
variegated with rust colour; longitudinally ribbed, 
ribs rounded, rather distant, interstices smooth. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. 


April 1843. 


PECTUNCULUS.—P ate VI. 


Hab. St. Elena, South America (found in sandy mud at 
the depth of from six to eight fathoms) ; Cuming. 


A very solid broadly ribbed shell, so peculiarly con- 
tracted towards the umbones that the hinge almost de- 
scribes an angle. 


Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Precruncuntus casraneus. Pect. testd orbiculari, sub- 
equilaterali, longitudinaliter costatd, costis crebris, 
striatis ; albd, custaneo maculatd, maculis in zonis 
undulatis transverse dispositis. 

Tue cHestnNuT-coLourED Precruncutus. Shell orbi- 
cular, nearly equilateral, longitudinally ribbed, ribs 
numerous, striated; white, spotted with chestnut, 
spots arranged in transverse waved zones. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. vi. 
p- 493. 

Arca variegata, Chemnitz, Conch., vol. vil. pl. 57, 
f. 562. 
Hab. West Indies. 


I have not met with any specimen of this species so 
richly variegated with colour, as that represented by 
Chemnitz. 


Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pectruncuuus optiquus. Pect. testa transversd, oblique 
ovatd; albido-rufescente,maculis cuspidiformibus spa- 
diceis profuse pictd ; intis nigerrimo-fuscd ; umbo- 
nibus centralibus. 

TuE oBLIQUE PectuncuLus. Shell transverse, obliquely 
ovate; ruddy white, profusely painted with red- 
dish-brown arrow-head-shaped spots ; interior very 
dark brown ; umbones central. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Swan River; Lieut. Collie. 

The whole of the inside of this shell, with the excep- 


tion of the anterior margin and muscular impression, is 
of a very deep blackish brown. 


Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pecruncutus TeLLin#rormis. Pect. testd ovatd, trans- 
versd, subdepressd, radiatim costatd, costis subobso- 
letis; albidd, antice et superne carneo-fusco tinctd ; 
intus subfuscd, postice albicante ; umbonibus vix obli- 
quis. 

Tue TrELLIna-sHAPED PrctuncuLus. Shell ovate, 
transverse, rather depressed, radiately ribbed, ribs 
almost obsolete; whitish, stained anteriorly and 
around the ventral margin with fleshy brown ; in- 
terior rather brown, posteriorly whitish ; umbones 
slightly oblique. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 


Hab. Rio Janeiro; Miller. 


This shell differs from the preceding in being more 
transverse, and faintly ribbed; the interior is not so 
dark, nor does the outer surface exhibit the least indica- 
tion of any spots or other dark marks. 


Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Precruncutus TeNuicostatus.  Pect. testd orbiculari, 
subventricosd, subtilissimé costatd, costis quasi filis, 
numerosis, interstitiis epidermide lineariter inserta ; 
Ffuscescente, costis pallidioribus ; umbonibus subcen- 
tralibus. 

THE THIN-RIBBED PectuncuLus. Shell orbicular, ra- 
ther ventricose, very finely ribbed; ribs like threads, 
very numerous, with the epidermis inserted in lines 
in the interstices ; brownish, ribs paler ; umbones 
nearly central. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848. 

Hab. Australia. 


The valves of this shell are entirely covered with 
beautiful thread-like ribs, and the interstices are filled 
with fine roots of epidermis arranged in from three to 
four rows. 


ay te - 


Pwe mt UN CU LE URS: 


Puate VII. 


Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PecruncuLus spurcus. Pect. testd subquadrato-ovali, 
gibba, glauco-fuscd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis 
numerosis, angustis, subtilissim2 striatis ; umbonibus 
albicantibus, obliquis. 

Tur prrry Pectuncutus. Shell squarely oval, gibbous, 
greyish brown, longitudinally ribbed, ribs numerous, 
narrow, and very finely striated; umbones whitish, 
oblique. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. 

Hab. Bay of San Carlos (found in coarse sand at the 
depth of sixteen fathoms) ; Cuming. 


The width of this little species from the umbones to 
the margin is comparatively shorter than that of any 
other species. 


Species 37. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pecruncutus pertusus. ect. testd orbiculari, albd, 
fusco undatim pictd ; radiatim costatd, costis subtilis- 
sime pertusis ; umbonibus centralibus. 

Tue prickep Pecruncutus. Shell orbicular, white, 
painted with brown waved spots ; radiately ribbed, 
ribs very finely pricked; umbones central. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Islands of Mindanao and Luzon, Philippines (found 
in coarse sandat the depth of ten fathoms) ; Cuming. 


This interesting little species presents a marked peculi- 
arity in the ribs being finely pricked on each side. ‘Two 
or three specimens only were collected by Mr. Cuming 
at the above-mentioned islands. 


Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PecruncuLus ocutatus. Pect. testd sub-Pectiniformi, 
radiatim costatd, fuscd, maculis albis, superne nigro- 
marginatis, sparsim et irregulariter ornata ; umbo- 
nibus centralibus, subobliquis. 

Tur ryep Pecruncutus. Shell somewhat Pecten- 
shaped, radiately ribbed, brown, sparingly and irre- 
gulerly ornamented with white spots or spaces bor- 
dered round with dark brown; umbones central but 
rather oblique. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. West Indies. 


June 


The ground-colour of this shell being a very dark 
chestnut-brown, the scattered white spots or spaces 
have a very prominent appearance. Since the specimen 
above described was figured, M. Deshayes has kindly 
lent me a specimen in which the white spaces are con- 
siderably larger and more characteristic; and I have 
also had the pleasure of examining a specimen of exceed- 
ing beauty, in the collection of M. Delessert, whose 
kindness in allowing me to have a drawing made of it 
was unfortunately too late to be of service. 


Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Pecruncuius canceLiatus. Pect. testd oblique Pectini- 
Sformi, striis subtilissime cancellatd ; alba, epidermide 
luted holoserica partim indutd ; umbonibus prominen- 
tibus, centralibus. 

Tue cancELLATED Pecruncutus. Shell obliquely Pec- 
ten-shaped, finely cancellated with striz ; white, 
partially covered with a yellow silken epidermis ; 
umbones prominent, central. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 18438. 

Hab. Singapore (found in sandy mud at the depth of 
seven to ten fathoms); Cuming. 

This little shell is very thin and fragile, and perfectly 
white; the entire surface being delicately cancellated 
and covered towards the margin with a thick pale yellow 
epidermis. There is no possibility of confounding it 
with any other species. 


Species 40. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


Pect. testd sub-Pectiniformi, 
pallid? purpureo-rubrd, maculis rubidis elongatis spar- 


PrEcTUNCULUS MORUM. 


sim et irregulariter picta ; -radiatim costatd, costis 
levibus ; umbonibus subcentralibus. 

Tur MULBERRY Pectuncutus. Shell somewhat Pecten- 
shaped, pale pink, sparingly and irregularly painted 
with long ruddy spots; radiately ribbed, ribs smooth, 
umbones nearly central. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 18438. 

Hab. Madagascar ? 

A very pretty species, in which the ribs radiate some- 
what more obliquely than usual; the general appear- 
ance of the shell is not much unlike that of the P. tes- 
sellatus ; it is however lighter and more depressed, with 
colour and spotting of somewhat different character. 


1843. 


PECTUNCULUS.—Piatz VII. 


Species 41. (Mus. Brit.) 


Pecruncutus Srcutus. Pect. testa orbiculari, depres- 
siusculd, subaquilaterali, longitudinaliter sulcata et 
striata; rubido-castaned, fusco transversim zonatd, 
zonis sep? obscuris ; umbonibus teste junioris inter- 
dum albimaculatis. 

Tue Srcrian Pectuncutvs. 
depressed, nearly equilateral, longitudinally grooved 
and striated; reddish chestnut-colour, transversely 
zoned with brown, zones sometimes obscure ; um- 
bones of the young shell sometimes spotted with 
white. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Pectunculus glycimeris, Lamarck, Philippi. 

Testa junior. 

Arca bimaculata, Poli. 
Hab. Mediterranean, Coast of Sicily. 


Shell orbicular, rather 


Having adopted the old P. glycimeris of British au- 
thors, I distinguish the P. glycimeris of Lamarck by the 
above new title. 
these two very different shells have been hitherto pub- 
lished under the same title, and it is hoped that this 
present amendment will be appreciated. 


Through some unaccountable neglect, 


Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PrcruncuLus MuULTIsTRIATUS. Pect. testd trigono-ovatd, 
valde compressa, longitudinaliter multi- et tenui- 
striata, rubicundd ; intus fusca, margine planato, in- 
tegerrimo ; umbonibus incurvis. 

Tue mucu-stRiaTED PecruncuLus. Shell triangularly 
ovate, very compressed, longitudinally much and 
finely striated ; strie slightly waved, interior brown, 
margin flat and entire; umbones curved inwards. 

Desuayes, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (new edit.), 
vol. vi. p. 495. 

Arca multistriata, Forskael, Dese. Anim. p. 123; 
Chemnitz, Conch, pl. 58. f. 573. 
Hab. Red Sea. 


This shell, which does not appear to have been known 
to Lamarck, is remarkably distinct from any other spe- 
cies of the genus. It is very depressed, and particularly 
flat within round the margin; the hinge is very small 
and contracted in comparison with others. 


Species 43. (Mus. Brit.) 


Pect. testa lenticulari, 
compressiusculd, decussatim, viv manifeste, striatd, 


PECTUNCULUS MARMORATUS. 
albd, flavescente elegantissime marmoratd ; umbonibus 
albis, approximatis ; margine acuto, denticulato. 
Shell lenticular, rather 
compressed, decussately, rather indistinctly, striated; 
white, elegantly marbled with pale yellow; um. 
bones white, approximating; margin acute, denti- 
culated. 

Arca marmorata, Chemnitz, Conch., vol. vii. p. 228. 


pl. 57. f. 563. 
? 


THE MARBLED PrcruncuLus. 


Hab. 


This species, it must be understood, is not the Pec- 
tunculus marmoratus of Lamarck, though he refers to the 
same figure in Chemnitz as that noted above. The 
specimen described by that illustrious author, which 
I have lately had the pleasure of examining, is nothing 
more than a young individual of the P. glycimeris, as 
stated by Deshayes in his edition of the ‘ Anim. sans 
vert.,’ note, p. 489. There are now two specimens of the 
true P. marmoratus, figured and described by Chemnitz, 
(so far at least as my opinion leads me,) in the British 
Museum, from the celebrated collection of W. J. Bro- 
derip, Esq., and I am not aware of the existence of any 
other. ; 


[For Species 44, see Plate VIII., a figure of the Pec- 
tunculus intermedius (Species 1) having been substi- 
tuted in its place by mistake. ] 


werby, del e7 


Tectunculis 


45 


PEC WUN CU iL U's. 


Puare VIII. 


Species 44. (Mus. Belcher.) 


Pecruncutus Pecrenoipes. Peect. testd lenticulari, de- 
presso-convexd, radiatim costatd ; costis subobliquis, 
compressis, depresso-planis, interstitiis eximie exca- 
vatis ; incarnato-albd, rubido-fusco profuse variegatd 
et maculatd ; intus alba, antice fused. 

Shell lenticular, de- 
pressly convex, radiately ribbed; ribs somewhat 
oblique, compressed, depressly flat, with the inter- 
stices delicately excavated ; fleshy white, profusely 
variegated and spotted with reddish-brown ; inte- 
rior of the shell white, deeply stained with brown 
on the anterior side. 

Desnayers, Cuv. Rég. An. (Fortin and Masson’s illus- 
trated edition) Mollusques, pl. 87. f. 8. 

Hab. Bay of Panama (found in soft mud at the depth of 
seven fathoms) ; Hinds. 


Tue Pecren-Like Pecruncuuus. 


After receiving from M. Deshayes the example of this 
species originally described by him, Mr. Hinds supplied 
me with finer specimens from the collection of Captain 
Belcher. Care must be taken not to confound the Pec- 
tunculus Pectenoides with the Pectunculi pectinatus or 
Pectiniformis: the chief peculiarity of the species un- 
der consideration is the flat compressed formation of the 
ribs, and the delicate manner in which the interstices 
between them are hollowed out. 


Species 45. (Fig. a and 6, Musée Royale, Paris.) 


Pecruncutus virrevs. Pect. testd orbiculari, planulatd, 
subauritd, tenui, longitudinaliter costatd, costis trans- 
verse striatis ; albidd, aurantio-fusco pallide macu- 
lata; intus albd. 

Tue prittLE Pectruncutus. Shell orbicular, flattish, 
somewhat eared, thin, longitudinally ribbed, ribs 
transversely striated ; whitish, faintly spotted with 
orange-brown ; interior white. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. vi. 
p- 495. 

Hab. South Seas? Lamarck. 


This interesting species is only known at present by 
the single valve, here represented, in the Musée Royale 
at the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, and which, says La- 
marck, was from the voyage of M. Péron. It has a re- 
markably flat brittle appearance, and is certainly very 


| Hab. 


distinct from any other species. The hinge describes 
an angle rather than a curve, and forms as character- 
istic a peculiarity as the scattered faint orange spots 


which ornament the outer surface. 


Species 46. (Mus. Belcher.) 


PrctuncuLus PERDIXx. Pleur. testd orbiculato-cordata, 
subauritd, radiatim costatd ; costis planulatis, subin- 
distinctis, longitudinaliter striatis, strigis rubido- 
fuscis, transversis, angulato-undatis, profuse pictis. 

Tue partripGe Pecruncutus. Shell orbicularly heart- 
shaped, a little eared, radiately ribbed; ribs flat, 
rather indistinct, longitudinally striated, and pro- 
fusely painted with transverse, angularly waved 
streaks of reddish-brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Straits of Malacca (found in mud at the depth of 


seventeen fathoms) ; Hinds. 


The form of this shell approximates very closely to 
that of the Pectunculus zonalis (vide Pl. IX.), but the 
painting of it is of a very different character. The beau- 
tiful specimen here figured, collected by Captain Belcher, 
is the only example of the species I have seen, with the 
exception of a small, worn, odd valve in the collection of 
M. Deshayes. 


Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Pecruncuuus spapicevs. Pect. testé orbiculari, radiatim 
striatd, pallidé spadiced, umbones versus albd, strigis 
latis, undatis, ornatd ; epidermide holosericd ; intus 
albd, margine eviliter crenulato. 

THE REDDISH-BROWN Prcruncutus. Shell orbicular, 

radiately striated; pale reddish-brown, white to- 

wards the umbones, ornamented with broad waved 
streaks ; epidermis soft and velvety ; interior white, 
margin finely crenulated. 


Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 18438. 
? 


There is no very striking peculiarity in this species, 
although it is too distinct from any other to require 
comparison. I have seen several specimens of it both 
in London and Paris, but have not succeeded in ob- 


taining its true locality. 


August 18-43. 


PECTUNCULUS.—Prate VIII. 


Species 48. (Fig. a and b, Musée Royale, Paris.) 


Pect. testa lenticulari, sub- 
depressd, vel levi vel subobscureé radiata, subtilissime 
circulariter striatd; luteo-lacted, maculis sparsis vio- 
laceo-purpureis, longitudinaliter inquinatis, formose 
picta. 


PECTUNCULUS FORMOSUS. 


Tue peautiruL Pecruncutus. Shell lenticular, slightly 
depressed, either smooth or somewhat obscurely 


radiated, and very finely circularly striated; bright 


yellowish cream-colour, shading into reddish-brown 
at the base, beautifully painted with longitudinally 
smeared spots of violet-purple. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


There are two or three specimens of this handsome 
shell at Paris, both in the collection at the Jardin des 
Plantes and in that of M. Delessert. 


ee - 
. 7 
ee 
a oe 
: 
a 
1 uz 


fectuncnlins., 


304 


506 


pred. (ith L 


PECTUNCULUS. 


Puate IX. 


Species 9. (Second notice.) 
Variety 3. (Fig. 9 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


PECTUNCULUS VIOLASCENS. 


' 


Testa purpureo-violacea, ci- 
nereo zonata, maculis albidis numerosis undulatis 
prope umbones aspersa ; striis longitudinalibus sim- 
plicissimis, strits_numerosis, subtilissime pertusis, de- 
 _cussatis. 
Shell purple-violet, zoned with dark ash-colour, and 
sprinkled near the umbones with numerous waved 
specks of white; longitudinal strie very simple, 
crossed transversely with numerous finely pricked 
strie. 


y} 
4 
4 
- 
7 
‘ 


Pectunculus zonalis ? Lamarck. 
Hab. Mediterranean. 


There appears to be little doubt but that Lamarck’s 
Pectunculus zonalis is nothing more than a variety of 
the Pectunculus violascens, somewhat approaching to that 
here represented. 

The figure given of this species at Plate II. is so in- 
differently executed, that I embrace the opportunity of 
illustrating it with a more striking example. 


Species 49. (Mus. Cuming. ) 


Pecruncuus sericatus. ect. testd orbiculari, pectini- 
formi, depressiusculd, albidd, rosaceo-fusco sparsim 
tinctd et maculatd, epidermide sericea crassd indutd ; 
radiatim sulcatd, sulcis subdistantibus ; intus albd. 

Tus siK-cLap Prcruncutus. Shell orbicular, some- 
what pecten-shaped, rather depressed, whitish, 
stained and spotted with light pinkish brown, co- 
yered with a thick silken epidermis ; radiately 
grooved, grooves rather distant ; interior white. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 


Hab. Island of Tortola, West Indies. 


This exceedingly delicate shell is remarkable for its 
glossy silken epidermis ; the hinge-shelf in the interior 
of each valve is nearly as broad and solid as that of the 
Pectunculus strigilatus, and the teeth are as closely set ; 
the shell altogether exhibits many characters in common 
with that species, but no indication of the peculiar man- 
ner in which it is attenuated towards the umbones. 

This is the only specimen I have seen at present. 


Species 50. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 8, Mus. Brit.) 


Pecruncutus rapians. Pect. testd suborbiculari, in- 
equilateral, subdepressd ; fulvd, rubido- aut violaceo- 
Sfusco lateraliler zonatim tinctd, epidermide pilosa 
prope marginem indutd ; radiatim costatd, costis te- 
nuibus, interdum subobsoletis, longitudinaliter striatis, 
creberrimis ; intus albidd, prope marginem vivide 
purpureo-violaced. 

Tur rapiatinc Pecruncutvs. Shell orbicularly ovate, 
inequilateral, somewhat depressed; yello wish brown, 
stained at the side in a more or less zoned manner 
with reddish or violet-brown, covered near the 
margin with a hairy epidermis; radiately ribbed, 
ribs thin, sometimes rather obsolete, longitudinally 
striated, very close-set; interior white, deep pur- 
ple-violet near the margin. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. vi. 
p- 495. 

Hab. Port Philip, Port Lincoln, South Australia. 


Having lately received specimens of this very pretty 
shell from the locality above-mentioned, I have much 
pleasure in being enabled to illustrate an unfigured 
species of Lamarck, which I had almost despaired of 
identifying. 


Species 51. (Mus. Burt.) 


Pecruncutus tivipus. Pect. testd orbiculari, tumidd, 
inequilaterali, antic? angulatd ; longitudinaliter ra- 
diatd, radiis latis, elevatiusculis, subtilissime striatis, 
rubido-fuscis, marginem versus livido-cesiis, epider- 
mide pilosd plus minusve indutis ; radiis anticis cre- 
berrimis ; umbonibus rect? incurvis, maculis albidis 
perpaucis circumsparsis ; intus albd, medio purpureo- 
nigricante tincta et maculatd. 

Tur tivip Pecruncutus. Shell orbicular, swollen, in- 
equilateral, angulated on the anterior side; longi- 
tudinally rayed, rays broad, rather elevated, very 
finely striated, reddish brown, livid-blue towards 
the margin, more or less covered with a soft hairy 
epidermis ; anterior rays very closely set ; umbones 
straightly incurved, a very few white specks scat- 
tered around; interior white, middle very deeply 
stained and spotted with purple-black. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Red Sea. 


December 1848. 


PECTUNCULUS.—P are IX. 


The general outline of this fine species is exactly the 
same as that of a worn discoloured shell figured in 
Chenu’s ‘ Recueil de Coquilles’ in illustration of the 
Pectunculus undulatus of Lamarck, a species which I 
cannot identify ; its detail of character is however quite 
at variance with the description. ‘The longitudinal 
grooves of the P. undulatus,” says Lamarck, ‘are very 
apparent,” whilst this shell, which is in the finest pos- 
sible condition, cannot be said to be grooved at all, the 
elevated rays are so superficial. There is also no indi- 
cation of any waved spots on the body of the shell, nor 
of any streaks on either side of the ligamentary area; 
the rays are moreover characterized bya particular style 
of grey livid painting, which is unquestionably of great 
specific importance. 


Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Prcruncu.us Dexesserti. Pect. testa orbiculari, tumi- 
diusculd, subsolidd, inequilaterali, altitudine longi- 
tudinem equante ; radiatim sulcatd, sulcis numerosis, 
profundis, subtilissime striatis, liris intermediis sub- 
tilissime granuloso-corrugatis, longitudinaliter incisis; 
albd, fasciis pluribus aurantio-brunneis transversim 
undaid, intervallis fusco lineato-punctatis ; intus alba, 
antice rubido-purpureo tinctd. 

Devessert’s Pecruncutus. Shell orbicular, somewhat 
swollen, rather solid, inequilateral, height equal to 
length; radiately grooved, grooves numerous, deep, 
and very finely striated, intermediate ridges very 
finely granulously wrinkled, and longitudinally cut 
or engraved; white, transversely painted with se- 
veral waved orange-brown bands, the spaces be- 


tween which are punctured with short lines an 
dots of the same colour; interior white, stained an 
teriorly with light reddish purple. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. i 


I have named this beautiful shell, at the desire of Mi 
Cuming, after the very highly-respected individual t 
whom he is indebted for it; though it is not withou 
feeling some degree of compunction that the peculiari 
ties above-noted may be merely certain modified condi 
tions of the Pectunculus assimilis. It is true that th 
shell is rounder and more swollen, and consequenth 
without that angular attenuation which throws the um 
bones into an oblique direction and contracts the liga 
mentary area in the P. assimilis; there are moreove 
nine or ten well-developed ridges in the shell unde 
consideration, whilst in that under comparison ther 
are not more than five or six, and the internal margi- 
nal denticulations are consequently narrower and mor 
numerous. Future discoveries can alone decide whether 
these are constant differences or casual modifications. 


Species 19. (Fig. 19 6, Mus. Cuming.) 
(Second notice.) 


Precruncuus ROSEUS. 


It is with much satisfaction I am enabled to confirm 
the value of a new species introduced in Plate IV. under 
the above title, and which I thought might possibly be 
the young of the P. /aticostatus. The specimen here 
represented is a fine adult example of the small odd 
valve figured at Pl. IV. fig. 19. I do not see any cha- 
racter to add to those given in the description, 


PECTUNCULUS. 


[Temporary Index. | 


Plate Species 

angulatus, Lamarck .....- +++ VI. 30 pallium, IReevense aerate 
assimilis, Sowerby ...-++---+-> IV. 15 parcipictus, Reeve .......----- 
aurifluus, Reeve .....-----«+-- Vic 17 Pectenoides, Deshayes.......+-- 
bicolor, Reeve...------++---- 0° Vie 20 pectinatus, Eamarnck soccer 
cancellatus, Reeve ....----+--- WALL 39 Pectiniformis, Lamarck .......-- 
castaneus, Lamarck.......--+ ++ VI. 32 pennaceus, Bamarcke acc oatesios 
Delessertii, Reeve ..--.------- IX. 52 perdix, Reeve ....-++-+-+++++- 
flammeus, Reeve ......--++---> UL, 7 pertusus, Reeve ....-.--+++--- 
formosus, Reeve .....----++---> Vill. 48 | pilosus, Lamarck......+++--- 
giganteus, PERO aa do ohooaneoD Ie 3 radians, Lamarck.......+--++:- 
glycimeris, GND add aoe an OOUS Ill. 12 roseus, Reeve ....---+++++++=> 
holosericus, Reeve ...------+--- IV. 18 rubens, Lamarck... ....-++++++: 
inaequalis, Sowerby ..----++++>- VE 16 scriptus, Lamarck .....++-+--- 
intermedius, Broderip..-.---- 5 I 1 sericatus, Reeve ....---+++-+-++ 
laticostatus, Quoy ..----+-++°> II. 8 Siculus, Reeve.....---+++-+++ 
lineatus, Reeve .....----+-+:: V. 25 spadiceus, Reeve.....--+-+--- é 
longior, Sowerby .-.- +++ +++5+- Ill. 10 spurcus, Reeve.....-----++++-- 
maculatus, Broderip ....++---- ik 4 | stellatus, Lamarck ......+-+++- 
marmoratus, Chemnitz....------ VII. 43 | striatularis, Lamarck .......--- 
marmoratus, Lamarck .....----- INU 13 strigilatus, Sowerby...-...----- 
morum, Reeve...---+-: ett"? VII. 40 Tellineeformis, Reeve .....-+--- 
multicostatus, Sowerby ..------ V. 26 tenuicostatus, Reeve .....+---+- 
multistriatus, Deshayes .------- Vil. 42 | tessellatus, Sowerby....-.-- +++ 
nodosus, Reeve......-- sere 0° V. 22 | undulatus, Lamarck........-+-- 
obliquus, Reeve ..-..------+ >: VI. 33 violascens, Lamarck ...-++- 
oculatus, Reeve ...-..-----°:- Vil. 38 vitreus, Lamarck......-.-0++++° 
ovatus, Broderip.....----++++°> I. 9 | zonalis, Lamarck........-++--- 


IX. 


IV. & IX. 


Vis 
Il. 
IX. 
VI. 
VIII. 
VII. 
II. 
VI. 
Vi. 
Wale 
VI. 
VI. 
IX. 


0a 0. 


VIII. 
IX. 


Species 
21 
14 


See yaaa ail 
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Tha oevelaa 
pint’ oti he GoM 


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.] 


MONOGRAPH 


OF THE GENUS 


CoA. hy Dae ae 


““Uuspeakable desire to see, and know 


All these his wondrous works.’ —Milton. 


eee 


Covdlla Fi [ 


AN 
dS 
N 


CARD TT A. 


Poate I. 


Genus Carpira, Bruguiere. 


Testa equivalvis, valde inequilateralis, vel elongata, vel 

orbicularis, costis ab umbonibus ad marginem diver- 
Cardo den- 
tibus in valvd alterdé duobus obliquis, altero elongato, 


gentibus, margine sepissime crenulato. 


crasso, altero subrecto, breviusculo ; in alterd dente 

unico elongato, crasso, obliquo. Pallii_ impressio 

muscularis integra. Ligamentum externum. 

Shell equivalve, very inequilateral, either long or orbi- 
cular, with ribs radiately diverging from the um- 
bones to the margin, which is, with rare exception, 
crenulated. Hinge: in one valve are two oblique 
teeth, one of which is thick and elongated in pro- 
portion to the length of the shell, whilst the other 
is straight, and rather short; in the other valve is 
a single oblique elongated tooth. Muscular im- 


pression of the mantle entire. Ligament external. 


The genus Cardita was introduced by Bruguiére in 
the ‘ Encyclopédie Méthodique’ for the purpose of dis- 
tinguishing all the Chame of his great predecessor, 
whose shells are of regular growth and live free or un- 
attached. This seemingly natural group was still 
however susceptible of division ; Lamarck distributed it 
into the following genera, Tsocardia, Cypricardia, Car- 
dita and Venericardia, and it is the two last of these 
united under the common title of Cardita that 1 have 
now to illustrate. 

The first peculiarity that invites attention, both in the 
Cardite and Cypricardia, as distinguished from the beau- 
tiful cordiform symmetry of the socardie, is the great 
dissimilitude between the anterior and posterior portions 
of the shell, the former being remarkably short and con- 
tracted, whilst the latter is always more or less elon- 
gated or rounded. The Cardite are rather numerous in 
species, and exhibit all the modifications of growth be- 
tween the narrow elongated form of the C. pectunculus 
and the globose orbicular proportion of the C. Cuvieri ; 
the Cypricardie are inconsiderable in number, and mostly 
elongated. 

It may be as well perhaps to consider the characters 
by which these genera differ from each other. The 
Cardite have two simple, thick, oblique teeth in one 
valve, one of which, varying in length according to the 
elongated proportion of the shell, interlocks with a 
single oblique plait in the opposite valve. The denti- 


tion of the Cypricardia, on the other hand, is of a more 
complicated character, there being three cardinal teeth 
just below the umbone in each valve, together with a 
long flexuous lateral tooth. The shells of these genera 
seem to differ moreover both in colour and chemical 
composition, and Deshayes anticipates a difference in 
the animals of sufficient importance in his estimation to 
The 
Cardite have the lobes of the mantle entirely disunited, 
as in the Uniones, whilst in the Cypricardie, he has 
every reason to believe, they are joined posteriorly as in 
the Cardia. 


warrant their being arranged in separate families. 


Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Carpita caLycuLata. Card. testa oblonga, albida ; 
latere postico sinuato ; costis octodecim, subtilissime 
imbricato-squamosis, costarum interstitiis lineatis, non 
crenatis ; margine obsolete plicato. 

Shell oblong, whitish, 
posterior side sinuated; ribs eighteen in number, 
each covered with a row of very finely imbricated 
scales; lateral tooth rather sharp; margin obso- 
letely plaited. 

Brucurere, Enc. Méth. vers, p. 408. 

Chama calyculata, Linnzus. 


THE BUD-sHAPED CARDITA. 


Cardita sinuata ?, Lamarck. 
Hab. Mediterranean. 


This and the C. variegata appear to have been con- 
founded together by Linnzus, Born, Chemnitz, and all 
the early writers under the common title of C. calyculata. 
Bruguiére was the first to note the important difference 
that exists between these species: he set apart the shell 
described above under the old specific title of calyculata, 
and applied a new name, variegata, to the other. This 
order was however reversed by Lamarck; the latter 
species was described by that conchologist under the 
name of C. calyculata, and the error has been incau- 
tiously perpetuated both by Sowerby and myself; by 
Sowerby in ‘The Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells,’ 
and by myself in the ‘Conchologia Systematica.’ The 
ribs in this species are fewer in number; the scales 
which surmount them are much more numerous, smaller, 
and more finely imbricated ; the interstices between the 
ribs are wider and not crenulated; and the shell is of 
one uniform pale yellowish-white colour, with little or 
no indication of any dark spots. 


June 1843. 


CARDITA.—Ptares I. 


Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Carpira rapULA. Card. testd subquadrato-oblongd, al- 
bidd, depressd, costis tribus et viginti, rubido-fuscis, 
imbricato-squamosis, squamis fornicatis, semi-erectis, 
subacutis; costarum interstitiis crenulatis ; margine 
crenato. 

Tue rasp Carpira. Shell somewhat squarely oblong, 
whitish, depressed, ribs three-and-twenty in num- 
ber, covered with rather sharp, half-raised vaulted 
scales; interstices between the ribs crenulated; 
margin crenated. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. P 


There are two or three more ribs in this shell than in 
the following ; the dark spots are more numerous, of a 
reddish instead of a bluish brown, and not of that pecu- 
liar half-moon shape, and the scales are more vaulted 


and erect. 


Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) 


CarpiTA VARIEGATA. Card. testd oblongd, gibbd, alba, 
maculis ceruleo-fuscis lunatis pictd ; costis una et vi- 
ginti, imbricato-squamosis, squamis fornicatis, incum- 
bentibus ; costarum interstitiis crenulatis ; margine 
valde crenato. 

Tue varieGaTep Carpira. Shell oblong, gibbous, 
white, painted with bluish-brown half-moon-shaped 
spots; ribs twenty-one in number, covered with 
vaulted scales lying one upon the other, interstices 
between the ribs crenulated; margin strongly cre- 
nated. 

BrucuiEre, Enc. Méth. vers, p. 407. pl. 233, f. 6. 
Chama calyculata? Linnzus. 

Cardita calyculata, Lamarck. 

Hab. Indian and Chinese Seas. 


I quite enter into the opinion entertained by Bru- 
guiére and Deshayes in regard to this shell not being 
the true C. calyculata of Linneus. 


Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) 


CarpiTa PpecTuNcuLUS. Card. testd elongato-oblongd, 
antice pallide luteold, postice olivaceo-fuscd ; costis 
quindecim, anticis versus marginem obsoletis, posticis 
latioribus, subangulatis ; intus albicante, postice pur- 
pureo-fuscescente ; margine crenato, interstitiis fusco 
tinctis. 

THE sMALt-coms Carpira. Shell elongately oblong, 
yellowish anteriorly, olive-brown posteriorly ; ribs 
fifteen in number, anterior ones nearly obsolete to- 
wards the margin, posterior wider and rather angu- 
lar; interior whitish, except at the posterior end, 
which is rich chocolate-brown; margin crenated, 
interstices stained with brown. 


Brucurére, Enc. Méth. vers, p. 412. 
Lister, Conch., pl. 347. f. 185. 

Chama pectunculus, Dillwyn. 
Hab. Madagascar. 


This species, which is the largest and most character- 
istic of the elongated portion of the Cardite, partakes in 
great measure of the characters of the C. radiata and 
afinis; it has, however, neither the spotted or banded 
painting of the former, nor the small prickly scales of 
the latter, and it differs constantly in size and other not 
less significant characters. Lamarck seems to have 
omitted mention of this species. 


Species 5. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Carpira rapiaTa. Card. testd elongato-oblongd, pal- 
lide flavidd aut rosed, maculis aut fasciis fuscis va- 
riegatd; costis septemdecim, anticis liris minutis 
transversim decussatis, posticis rotundatis, costd dor- 
sali squamiferd ; margine latissime crenato. 

Tue rapiarep Carprra. Shell elongately oblong, pale 
yellowish or rose-colour, variegated with dark black 
or brown spots, sometimes ranging obliquely in 
bands; ribs seventeen in number, anterior ones 
crossed with minute ridges, posterior rounded, the 
dorsal rib next the ligamentary pit scaly. 

BropertP, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. 

Hab. Salango, West Columbia, and Panama (found in 
muddy sand at the depth of from six to twelve fa- 
thoms) ; Cuming. 


The specimens of this interesting species collected by 


‘Mr. Cuming present a remarkable variation in the form 


of the posterior extremity. In some (Fig. 5 a.) it is much 
attenuated, in others (Fig. b.) it is comparatively broad, 
whilst both varieties exhibit all other characters in com- 
mon. 


Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Carpira arrinis. Card. testd subelongato-oblongd, oli- 
vaceo-fuscd ; costis septemdecim, anticis obsoletius- 
culis, posticis rotundatis, flexuosis, subangulatis, prope 
umbones muricato-squamosis ; intus albicante, postice 
purpureo-fusco tinctd. 

Tue avurep Carpira. Shell rather elongately ob- 
long, dark olive-brown; ribs seventeen in number, 
anterior ones rather obsolete, posterior rounded, 
flexuous, somewhat angular, armed near the um- 
bones with prickly scales; interior whitish, stained 
at the posterior end with dark purple or chocolate- 
brown. 


This species may be easily distinguished by the small 
prickly scales which appear on the posterior ribs; they 
appear to be deposited only during the early growth of 
the shell. 


CHM 
VAC 
4a Le 


Opa RaDy ICT Ae 


Puate II. 


Species 7. (Fig. a and d, Mus. Cuming ; Fig. 5, cand e, 
Mus. Stainforth.) 


Carpira crassicostaTa. Card. testd elongald, antice 
brevissimd, coarctatd, albicante, incarnato-tinctd, c@- 
ruleo- aut rubido-fusco pallide nebulosd, lineis spa- 
diceis undatis ornatd ; costatd, costis undecim, tribus 
majoribus, crassis, imbricato-squamosis, squamis flex- 
uosis obtusis, nunc erectis, nunc incumbentibus, squamis 
superioribus erectioribus. 

Tue TrHick-R1BBED Carpira. Shell elongated, very 
short and contracted anteriorly, whitish stained 
with flesh-colour and clouded either with blue or 
reddish-brown, and further ornamented with fine 
brown zigzag lines; ribbed, ribs eleven in number, 
three of much larger dimensions than the remainder, 
thick, imbricately scaled; scales flexuous, obtuse, 
sometimes erect, sometimes bending over each other, 
the superior scales always the most erect. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi. (Deshayes’ edit.) 
p- 480. 


Testa fossilis. Cardita crassa, Lamarck. 


Testa juvenis (Fig. 7 a.) subdepressa, squamis regularibus. 
Shell in young state, rather depressed ; scales regular. 


Testa senior (Fig. 7 bandd.) gibbosa, plus minusve ar- 
cuatim contracta ; squamis crassis, irregularibus. 

Shell in a more advanced state, gibbous, more or less 
arcuately contracted; scales thick and irregular. 


Hab. Putao, Island of Luzon, Philippines (found in 
coarse sand at the depth of six fathoms) ; Cuming. 


Variety B. (Fig. 7 c.) 


Testa rosea, lineis undatis indistinctis. 
Shell rose-colour, zigzag lines indistinct. 


Variety y. (Fig. 7 ¢ ) 
Testa crocea, lineis undatis quoque indistinctis, costarum 
interstitiis subolivaceo-fuscis. 
Shell rich saffron-yellow, zigzag lines indistinct also, 
interstices between the ribs faintly stained with 
olive-brown. 


Variety 3. (Pl. 3. Fig. 7 f, Mus. Cuming.) 


Testa costis squamisque albis, costarum interstitiis oliva- 
ceo-fuscis. 


Shell with ribs and scales white, interstices between the 
ribs olive-brown. 
Cardita Tridacnoides, Menke. 

Hab, New Holland. 


This beautiful species of Cardita varies so exceedingly 
in growth and distribution of colour, that it requires a 
large series of specimens to establish the complete spe- 
cific connection of the varieties above noted. 


Variety a. The normal variety is exceedingly well 
characterized by the small zigzag lines which cross the 
interstices between the ribs and the spacious diamond- 
shape lunule between the superior rib of each valve 
when the shell is closed, as shown at Fig. 7 6. 

Variety 8. The entire shell is of a deep rose-colour ; 
the zigzag lines become indistinct, and the interstices 
between the ribs exhibit some indication of a faint 
longitudinal streak of olivaceous-brown. 

Variety y. The rose-colour which distinguishes the 
preceding variety is exchanged in this for a bright 
saffron-yellow. 
and there upon the shell, the olivaceous intercostal 
streak becomes more conspicuous, and the scales larger 
and more like those of a small Tridacna. 

Variety 6. I am not surprised to find that this beau- 
tiful miniature Tridacna-like variety has been described 
as a new species; M. Menke lacked the beautiful series 
of specimens it has been my fortune to examine to 
discover its identity. There is no indication of colour 
in any part of this shell, except in the olivaceous lon- 
gitudinal streak between the ribs, which is here dark, 
and especially prominent by the contrast. The scales 
are large and very symmetrically furbelowed. 

The specimens which have furnished me with the 
above remarks are in the collections of Messrs. Cuming, 
Stainforth, Metcalfe, Deshayes, Petit, Delessert; the 
British Museum, and the Museum, Jardin des Plantes. 


A few zigzag lines are scattered here 


Species 8. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Carpiva pica. Card. testd elonguto-ovatd, gibbd, alba, 
nigro aut fusco varie inquinatd ; costis septemdecim 
sedecimve, in medio angulatis, subtiliter squamosis ; 
intus alba, postice nigerrimo-fuscd. 

Tue prep Carpita. Shell elongately ovate, gibbous, 
white, variously daubed or blotched with black or 


June 1843. 


CARDITA.—P tare II. 


brown; ribs sixteen or seventeen in number, an- 
gular in the middle, a little scaly ; interior white, 
blackish- brown posteriorly. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Guimaras, Philippines (found under 
stones at low water); Cuming. 


There is a peculiarity in the shape and blotching ¢ 
this shell which entitles it to be distinguished as a ney 
species. Several specimens were collected by M1 
Cuming at the above-mentioned island, singularly agree 
ing in respect to these characters. 


Cavaida. ft. 


CARD ALTA. 


Puare III. 


Species 7. (Fig. 7 f, Mus. Cuming.) 
pita crassicosTata. Variety y. (for description 
vide Cardita, Pl. 11.) 
SEE 


Species 9. (Fig. @ and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


DITA GUBERNACULUM. Card. testd ovato-oblongd, de- 
pressd, antice brevissimd, angustd, postice latissimé 
rotundatd, subalutd ; brunned, luteo purpureoque wm- 
bones versus tinctd ; costis plus minusve squamosis, 
superioribus perpaucis, majoribus, inferioribus an- 
gustis numerosis ; intiis brunned, antice albicante. 

; gupDER Carpira. Shell ovately oblong, depressed, 
very short anteriorly, widely rounded and rather 
wing-shaped posteriorly; brown, stained with purple 
or yellow towards the umbones ; ribs more or less 
scaly, upper ribs very few and large, lower ribs nu- 
merous and narrow; interior brown, white ante- 
riorly. 

Variety B. (Fig. 9 6.) 

ta alba, fusco viv tincta. 

J] white, scarcely stained with brown. 

gvE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

b. Zanzibar. 

Phis is the nearest allied species to the C. semi-orbicu- 

1; the dark variety might indeed be easily mistaken 

it, were it not for the scales and peculiar elongation 

the ventral portion of the shell. 


ES 


Species 10. (Mus. Brit.) 


ppita semI-orpicuLaTa. Card. testd oblongo-ovata, 
antic? brevissimd, postice latiore compressa, liris exi- 
libus noduliferis ab umbonibus undatim divergentibus, 
totaliter tectd ; rubido-et nigerrimo-fuscd, antice albd. 

1E SEMI-ORBICULAR CARDITA. Shell oblong-ovate, 
very short anteriorly, wide and compressed poste- 
teriorly, entirely covered with very fine nodulous 
ridges, diverging in rather a waved manner from 
the umbones; reddish and blackish brown, white 
anteriorly. 

aucvrire, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p- 410. 
Chama semi-orbiculata, Linneus. 
Chama phrenitica, Born, Chemnitz. 
Cardita phrenitica, Lamarck. 

lab. Islands of Mindoro and Ticao, Philippines (under 
stones at low water); Cuming. 


Neither Born, Chemnitz nor Lamarck appears to have 
been satisfied that this well-known shell, which they de- 
scribed under the title of C. phrenitica, is the Chama or- 
biculata of Linnzus. Bruguitre, however, was of a dif- 


ferent opinion ; “j] est tres-vraisemblable,” says that 
author, “que c’est ici la coquille que Linné a décrit, 
sous le nom de Chama orbiculata, et qui n’a point éte 
reconnue pour telle par les auteurs, quoique sa déscription 
aie été faite avec assez d’exactitude, sans doute, parce- 
que ce naturaliste n’avoit point cité de figures.” And 
Deshayes, in his new edition of Lamarck’s ‘ Animaux 
sans vertebres,’ vol. vi. p.430, note, says, “ La déscription 
que Linné donne, dans le Muséum de la Princesse Ul- 
rique, de la Chama semi-orbiculata est telle que lon ne 
peut douter qu'elle soit exactement la méme que celle- 
ci; il conviendra done de lui restituer son nom Lin- 
néen.” 


Species 11. (Fig. @ and }, Mus. Cuming.) 


Carpira incrassaTa. Card. testd oblongd, elliptico- 
ovatd, antice brevi, turgidd, albicante, fusco umbones 
versus obscure maculatd, epidermide luteo-fuscescente 
tenui indutd; costis quindecim sedecimve, incrassatis, 
rotundatis, latescentibus, arcuatim radiantibus ; anticis 
plus minusve crenatis, interdum subnodulosis ; intus 
alba. 

Tue ruickenep Carpira. Shell oblong, elliptically 
ovate, short anteriorly, swollen, whitish, obscurely 
spotted towards the umbones with pale brown, and 
covered with a thin yellowish-brown epidermis ; 
ribs fifteen or sixteen in number, thickened, round- 
ed, increasing gradually in width, and radiating in 
a curved direction ; anterior ribs more or less cre- 
nated, sometimes slightly nodulous; interior white. 

Sowersy, App. Tank. Cat., p. v. 

Chama incrassata, Wood (Ind. Test. Supp.). 
Variety (3. 

Testa pallid? carnea aut fulva ; costis purpureo-roseis, ru- 
bido maculatis et variegatis. 

Shell pale flesh-colour or yellowish ; ribs rose-tinted, 
spotted and variegated with ruddy blotches. 
Cardita rubicunda, Menke (Moll. Nov. Holl.). 

Hab. New Holland. 


I have the best authority for stating that the shell 


July 1843. 


CARDITA.—Ptate III. 


here represented is the true Cardita incrassata of Sower- 
by. Conrad appears to have figured an ordinary speci- 
men of the Cardita antiquata for it (American Marine 
Conchology, pl. 8. p. 39); that shell cannot however be 
described as being “oblong,” and this may still have 
been one of the species referred twenty years since to the 
Chama antiquata. 


Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Carpira MarMoREA. Card. testa elliptico-ovatd, postice 
rotundatd, antice peculiariter brevi; lacted, nigro 
umbones versus maculatd ; costis quindecim sedecimve, 
recto-elongatiusculé radiantibus, latescentibus; anti- 
cis crenatis, intus eburned. 


Tur MARBLE-LIKE Carpita. Shell elliptically oy 
rounded posteriorly, peculiarly short anterior 
milk-white, spotted or rather blotched towards 
umbones with black; ribs fifteen or sixteen 
number, increasing gradually in width and radiat 
in a rather straightly elongated direction ; ante 
ribs crenated, interior white as ivory. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. New Holland. 


This shell may be recognised by its peculiarly nar 
elongated form, the ligamental area describing a ¢ 
plete angle with the anterior; the ribs do not rac 
from the urmbones in a curved direction as in the 
ceding species, but nearly straight. 


Sowerby foo 


Cardila 


© Ae RD aR 


Puate IV. 


Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) 


rpiTa pistorTa. Card. testa elongato-ovatd, valde 
gibbosd, peculiariter distortd, luteold ; costis duode- 
cim aut plurimis, subsquamosis, inferioribus planius- 
culis. 

IE DISTORTED CARDITA. 
gibbous, peculiarly distorted, yellowish; ribs twelve 
or more in number, a little scaly, lower ribs rather 
flat. 

sEvE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

ub. Red Sea; Ruppell. 


There are several specimens of this curious species 
Mr. Cuming’s collection, all singularly distorted in 
e same manner. 


Species 14. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


\RDITA SQUAMIGERA. Card. testd ovato-rotundatd, sub- 
oblique cordatd, fulvd, roseo tinctd ; costis octodecim 
elevatis, squamosis ; 
anticis brevioribus ; lunuld cordiformi, planulatd. 

qEB scALy Carpita. Shell ovately rounded, rather 
obliquely heart-shaped, yellowish-brown, stained 
with rose-colour ; ribs eighteen in number, elevated, 
scaly ; scales very long, rather erect, anterior ones 
the shorter ; lunule flat and heart-shaped. 

gsHayes, Mag. de Zool., 1831, pl. 10. 

ab. ? 


A small species, remarkable on account of the length 
id multiplicity of the scales. 


squamis prelongis, suberectis, 


Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) 


ARDITA TRAPEZIA. Card. testd trapezid, albida, nigro 
sparsim maculatd ; costis octodecim, subtiliter crenu- 
latis; lunuld subampla ; ligamenti ared depresso- 
plana. 

HE TRAPEZIFORM Carpita. Shell trapeziform, whitish, 
sparingly spotted with black; ribs eighteen in 
number, finely crenulated ; lunule rather large; li- 
gamentary area depressly flat. 

RUGUIERE, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 407. 

AAMARCK, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi. p. 429. 

Chama trapezia, Miiller. 
Chama muricata? Poli. 


Shell elongately oval, very | 


Hab. Coast of Sicily ; Philippi. 


This little shell may always be recognised by its true 
trapeziform shape. 


Species 16. (Mus. Hanley.) 


Carpira Senecarensis. Card. testa oblonga, elongato- 
ovata, fulva, epidermide fuscd indutd ; costis quin- 
decim sedecimve, squamosis, squamis incumbentibus. 

Tue Senecat Carpira. Shell elongately oval, yellow- 
ish, covered with a brown epidermis; ribs fifteen 
or sixteen in number, scaly, scales lying one over 
the other. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 18438. 

Le jéson? Adanson. 

Hab. Senegal. 


This shell, which I know to have been brought from 
Senegal by M. Rang, approaches nearer to the figure 
and description of Le jéson of Adanson than any that 
has been hitherto assigned to it. 


Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) 

Carpita acuLEata. Card. testa trapezio-oblongd, postice 
rotundata, albd, rosaceo interdum pallide tinctd; costis 
viginti, compressis, angustis, elevatis, multisquamosis ; 
squamis erectis, aculeiformibus ; lunuld ampla. 

Tuer prickLy CarpirTa. 
rounded posteriorly ; white, sometimes palely stain- 
ed with a rose-tint; ribs twenty in number, com- 
pressed, narrow, raised and covered with a number 


Shell trapeziformly oblong, 


of erect prickle-like scales; lunule large. 
Puitier1, Enum. Moll. Sicil., p. 54. pl. 4. f. 18. 
Hab. Mediterranean near Palermo ; Philippi. 


This is a much more gibbous and solid shell than the 
C. squamigera, to which it is nearly allied, and the 
spines are more erect and prickle-like. It is generally 
found with one or more small pieces of the Cyathina 


turbinata (white coral) attached to it. 


Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Carpira muricata. Card. testd ovato-oblongd, luteold, 
Susco nigrove maculata, epidermide olivaceo-viridi in- 


dutd; costis oetudecim, in medio angulatis, muricato- 


July 1843. 


CARDITA.—Ptate IV. 


squamosis ; posticis magnis, subdistantibus, longitudi- 
naliter striatis, anticis minoribus, approximatis ; la- 
tere antico brevissimo. 

Tue sHarp-scALED Carpira. Shell ovately oblong, 
yellowish, spotted with black or brown, and covered 
with an olive-green epidermis; ribs eighteen in 
number, angulated in the middle, and furnished 
with sharp scales; posterior ribs large, rather distant 
and longitudinally striated, anterior smaller and ap- 
proximating ; anterior side of the shell very short. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. 

Hab. Islands of the Pacific Ocean (found attached to 
and under stones on the beach of Crescent and 
Rapa Islands) ; Cuming. 

This species, which was described originally by Mr. 

Sowerby from very rubbed specimens, is peculiar in 

having the ribs angulated down the middle. 


Species 19. (Fig. a, Mus. Stainforth; Fig. 6, Mus. 
Cuming.) 


Carpira RUFESCENS. Card. testdé elongato-ovatd, antic? 
brevissimd, fulvo-rufescente, epidermide olivaced in- 
duta ; costis septemdecim vel octodecim, imbricato- 
squamosis, squamis incumbentibus. 

Tur rep Carpita. Shell elongately oval, very short 
anteriorly, yellowish bright red, covered with an 
olive epidermis ; ribs seventeen or eighteen in num- 
ber, imbricately scaled, scales lying one over the 
other. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. vi. 
p. 431. 

Hab. B 

This and the Senegal shell may prove to be varieties 
of one and the same species, though I feel scarcely in- 
clined to admit them as such at present. 


Species 20. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


Carpira votucris. Card. testd elongata, postice va 
gibbosd, angulatd, antice brevi et coarctato-acu 
natd; viridescente albidd, postice nigrd nigro 
maculata ; costis septemdecim, anticis planula 
marginem versus evanidis ; posticis angulatis, hi 
illic obsolete squamosis. 

THE FLYING-BIRD Carpira. Shell elongated, very g 
bous posteriorly, short, and contractedly acumina 
anteriorly ; greenish-white, posteriorly black « 
black-spotted ; ribs seventeen in number, the > 
terior ones flat, fading into each other towards | 
margin ; the posterior angulated, and here and th 
obsoletely scaled. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


Care should be taken not to confound this species w 
the young of the C. pectunculus. It is a solid well-de 
loped shell, and never exceeds an inch to an inch an 
half in length, 


Species 21. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


Carpira Gipposa. Card. testd ovato-oblongd, soli 
gibbosa ; alba, costis septemdecim, fusco-variega 
transversim radiantibus, rotundatis, exiliter nodulo. 

Tue Grpgous Carpira. Shell ovately oblong, sol 
gibbous ; white, ribs variegated with brown, seve 
teen in number, radiating transversely, rounded, a 
covered with small nodules. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

Hab. y 


This is a solid gibbous shell, the anterior side of whi 
is not so short as in most of the oblong species of t 
genus. 


x 
S 
. 
8 


feere 


Sowerby 


CENG DM TOA. 


Prats V. 


Species 22. (Fig. @ and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Carpira TripentaTa. Card. testd suborbiculari, sub- 
equilaterali, crassd, albidd, roseo tinctd, epidermide 
tenui luteold indutd ; costis longitudinalibus duabus vel 

___ tribus et viginti, liris rudibus subnodulosisconcentricis, 

: interstitiis non penetrantibus, dense ornatis ; intus 

: albd, interdum rosaceo tinctd. 

Tue THREE-TOOTHED Carpira. Shell rather orbicular, 
nearly equilateral, thick, whitish, stained with rose- 
colour and covered with a thin yellowish epidermis ; 
longitudinal ribs two or three and twenty in number, 
thickly ornamented with rude, rather nodulous, con- 
centric cross ridges which do not penetrate into the 
interstices ; interior of the shell white, sometimes 
tinged with rose-colour. 

Say, American Conch., No. IV. pl. 40. f. 1 to 5. 
Venericardia tridentaia, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

vol. v. p. 216. 
Venericardia australis, Quoy, Voy. de l’Astrolabe, 
pl. 78. f. 11 to 14. 

Hab. Coast of South Carolina; Say. New Zealand; 

Quoy. Turanga; Dieffenbach. 


The rules of nomenclature oblige me to follow the 
specific name proposed for this shell by Mr. Say, though 
it may be applied with equal propriety to any species of 
Cardita. 


Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Carpira agar. Card. testd depresso-cordatd, cinereo- 
Fused, rubido-fusco et albo variegatd; costis com- 
pressis, angulatis, leviter tuberculatis, interstitiis la- 
tiusculis ; intiis albidd, extremitate posticd fuscescente 
tinctd. 

Tue asar Carprra. Shell depressly heart-shaped, 
ashy-brown, variegated with reddish brown and 
white ; ribs compressed, angulated, slightly tuber- 
culated, interstices rather wide; interior whitish, 
stained at the posterior extremity. 

Brueuirre, Enc. Méth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 406. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. vii. 
p. 426. 

Le came ajar, Adanson. 

Hab. Senegal, Coast of Africa. 


This ancient and well-known species may be distin- 


guished by the narrow compressed angular formation of 
the ribs having the interstices between them particularly 
clear and open. 


Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Carpita Cuviert. Card. testd crassd, solidd, subcor- 
datd, albido-rosed, rubido-fusco varid, epidermide 
corned fuscd indutd; costis latis, valde elevatis, 
complanatis, geniculato-nodosis, lateraliter excavatis ; 
intis albd. 

Cuvier’s Carpira. Shell thick, solid, somewhat heart- 
shaped, whitish rose-colour, variegated with red- 
dish-brown, and covered with a brown horny epi- 
dermis; ribs broad, very elevated, composed as it 
were of jointed knobs, excavated at the sides; in- 
terior white. 

Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. 

Hab. Bay of Fonseca, Central America (dredged from 
sandy mud in eleven fathoms water); Cuming. 
Acapulco ; Hinds. 


It is related by Mr. Broderip, that “ after the capture 
of this fine shell, far exceeding in size and beauty any 
species of Cardita hitherto discovered, the dredge was 
kept at work for some hours, but no other specimen 
could be procured. The ribs are broad, flattened on 
their superior surface, but very elevated and strongly 
geniculated, the geniculations being for the most part 
three-tenths of an inch from each other. The shell is a 
very striking object, and exhibits almost the appearance 
of carved work.” 

Three specimens of the Cardita Cuvieri, in different 
stages of growth, have been lately brought from Aca- 
pulco by Mr. Hinds of H.M.S. Sulphur, just ten years 
after the above account was written. 


Species 25. (Fig. a & 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Carpira varia. Card. testd solidi, subtrigond, antice 
depresso-cordatd ; costis depressis, obsolet® nodosis ; 
violaceo-spadiced, maculis albis varid, epidermide lu- 
teo-fuscescente indutd ; intis alba. 

Tue speckLeD Carpira. Shell solid, somewhat trian- 
gular, depressly heart-shaped ; ribs depressed, obso- 
letely knobbed; violet-chestnut colour, speckled 
with white and covered with a yellowish-brown 
epidermis; interior white. 


July 1843. 


CARDITA.—P ate V. 


Bropenrip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. 
Hab. Gallapagos Islands (dredged in fine sand at the 
depth of six fathoms) ; Cuming. 


This is a very interesting species; the ribs are very 
prettily variegated with white and yellowish or violet- 
brown, and the ligamentary area on the posterior side 
of the shell is vividly marked with cross zebra-like 
streaks of the same colour. 


Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.) 
Carprrva trumipa. Card. testd solidd, subtrigond, antice 
cordatd, tumidd; costis latis, depressis, subindi- 
stinctis; carned vel fulvd, maculis purpurets, parvis, 
spadiceis, postice varid, epidermide luteo-fuscd in- 
dutd ; wmbonibus incurvis, albis. 


Shell solid, somewhat trian- 
gular, heart-shaped anteriorly, swollen ; ribs broad, 
depressed, rather indistinct ; yellow or flesh-colour, 
variegated on the posterior side with small waved 
purple spots, and covered with a yellowish-brown 
epidermis; umbones curved inwards, tipped with 
white. 

BropertP, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. 

Hab. Puerto Portrero and Isla de Plata, America (found 
at the former place in a young state at the depth of 
eleven fathoms in fine sand and gravel, and at the 
latter place in a full-grown state at the depth of 
seventeen fathoms in coral sand) ; Cuming. 


Tur SWOLLEN CaRDITA. 


This interesting species is very nearly allied to Iso- 
cardia, by reason of the beautiful incurvature of the um- 
bones ; it is however a true Cardita, and may be readily 
distinguished by its solid structure. 


lardita Fl J 


CAS Dr A 


Priate VI. 


Species 27. (Fig. 27 a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Sarpira Nitipa. Card. testd subquadrato-ovali, ebur- 
ned, maculis cesiis variegatd ; costis duabus vel tri- 
bus et viginti, posticis precipue crenatis, interstitiis 
lineis cesiis angularibus ornatis. 

Tue Neat Carpira. 

_ white, variegated with grey blotches, crenated, 


especially the posterior ones ; interstices between 


Shell rather squarely oval, ivory- 


_ the ribs ornamented with grey angular lines. 
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 


Variety 3. (Fig. 27 6.) 


Testa maculis rubidis. 

Shell with the spots reddish. 

Hab. Misamis, Isle of Mindanao, Philippines (found in 
sandy mud at the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; 
Cuming. 

This pretty shell is remarkable on account of the 
posterior ribs being more strongly crenated than the 
anterior. 


Species 28. (Fig. 27 c, Mus. Cuming.) 


Carpira ovauis. Card. testa ovata, rubido-brunned, 
maculis albis sparsim variegatd ; costis octodecim aut 
novemdecim, crenatis ; posticis levigatis, interstitiis 
lineis angularibus ornatis ; lunuld distinctd. 

Shell ovate, reddish-brown, spa- 
ringly variegated with white spots; ribs eighteen 
or nineteen in number, crenated; posterior ones 

} smooth, interstices between the ribs ornamented 

) ‘with angular lines ; lunule distinct. 


Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 


Tue ovat Carpira. 


Variety /3. 
Testa alba, maculis cesiis variegata. 
Shell white, variegated with white spots and blotches. 
Hab. Isle of Corrievidor, Philippines (found in coarse 
sand at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. 


The irregularity which occurs in the number of this 
species disagreeing with the number of the figure on the 
Plate, arises from my having considered it as merely 
a variety of the preceding. Upon comparison and 
close examination, they were, however, found to differ 


in several not unimportant particulars ; the posterior ribs 
are smooth, they are altogether fewer in number, the 
umbones are less incurved, and there is a flat indented 
lunule beneath them, of which I find no indication in the 
C. nitida. 


Species 29. (Fig. 28 a, Mus. Stainforth; Fig. 28 , 
Mus. Cuming.) 


Carpira Tanxervitiu. Card. testa depresso-cordatd, 
cardiiformi, albicante, fusco umbones versus macu- 
latd, epidermide fuscescente indutd ; costis quinque 
aut sex et viginti, planis, obsolet? crenatis, lateraliter 
compressis ; intus albd. 

Lorp TankErviLir’s Carpira. Shell depressly heart- 
shaped, cardium-like, whitish, spotted towards the 
umbones with brown, and covered with a light 
brown epidermis; ribs five or six and twenty in 
number, flat, obsoletely crenated, compressed at the 
sides; interior white. 

Venericardia Tankervillii, Wood, Ind. Test. Supp., 
Pp. o7. 
Chama australis, Wood, Ind. Test. Supp., p. 6. 

Hab. New Holland; Wood. 


I have figured this fine species of Cardita both with 
and without the epidermis, that the difference in its ap- 
It appears to 
have received the title of Chama australis from Mr. 


pearance may not lead to any confusion. 


Wood to accord with his Linnean method of arrange- 
ment; but in adapting that arrangement to the La- 
marckian method, he was obliged to select a new specific 
name, on account of there being a Venericardia australis 
already published by M. Quoy (vide Cardita tridentata, 
Species 22 of the preceding Plate). 


Species 30. (Fig. 29 a & b, Mus. Cuming.) 
Carpita antiquata. Card. testd oblique cordatd, tumidd, 
latere postico interdum productiore ; albd, umbones 
versus rubido-fusco plus minusve maculata; costis 
und vel duabus et viginti, angulatis, planiusculis, an- 
ticis crenatis, posticis interdum paululim squamosis ; 
intus albd. 
Tue ancrent Carpira. Shell obliquely heart-shaped, 
swollen, sometimes produced or extended on the 
posterior side; white, more or less spotted towards 


July 1843. 


CARDITA.—Prare VI. 


the umbones with reddish-brown; ribs one or two 

and twenty in number, angulated, rather flat, an- 

terior ones crenated, posterior sometimes a little 

scaly ; interior white. 

Chama antiquata, Linnzus. 

Cardita turgida, 

Cardita ai, } Lamarck. 
Hab. Ceylon. 


Having identified the shell here figured with the 
Chama antiquata of Linneus, by an examination of the 
very shell described by that illustrious writer in the 
possession of the Linnean Society, I restore its ancient 
title. 


The Cardita antiquata varies considerably in its ge. 
neral characters; it is more or less produced on the 
posterior side, as shown by the specimens selected foi 
illustration, the ribs are more or less crenated, and they 
are more or less flattened in some specimens than in 
others. They exhibit ample modification of the charac- 
ters upon which Lamarck founded his two species @. 
turgida and bicolor, and cannot be separated with any 
propriety. I have carefully examined the shells in the 
Museum at the Jardin des Plantes, alluded to by Des- 
hayes in his notes on these species (vide Lamarck, Anim, 
sans vert. (new edit.), vol. vi. pp. 427 and 429), and 
find abundant proof to show that they are specifically 


| the same. 


Cardia LCV 


Sowerby feat 


(Cove el 0)el a Maa 


Puate VII. 


Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) 


\RDITA LAcUNOSA. Card. testd subovatd, radiatim cos- 
tatd, costis und vel duabus et viginti, elevatis, valde 
compressis, subtiliter muricato-squamosis ; interstitiis 
latiusculis, lacunato-excavatis ; albd, ared posticali 
nigerrimo-fuscd. 

WE GUTTERED Carpira. Shell somewhat oval, ra- 
diately ribbed, ribs one or two and twenty in num- 
ber, elevated, very narrow and compressed, sur- 
mounted with fine prickly scales; interstices between 
the ribs rather wide, and excavated like gutters, as 
it were; white, posterior area of the shell blackish- 
brown. 

EEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

ab. ? 


The prickly scales which surmount the singularly 
mpressed ribs of this shell are placed at equal distances 
ym each other, whilst each rib is in a manner festooned 
om one scale to the other, like a miniature series of in- 
rted arches. 


Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) 


ARDITA spuRCA. Card. testd ovatd, vel oblongo-ovatd, 
gibbosa, albida, epidermide olivaced, umbones versus 
plus minusve decorticatd, induta ; radiatim costatd, 
costis octodecim, eminentibus, nodulosis ; latere pos- 
tico superne subangulato. 

HE prrTy CarpiTa. Shell ovate or oblong-ovate, gib- 
bous, whitish, covered with a dirty olivaceous epi- 
dermis, more or less decorticated towards the um- 
bones ; radiately ribbed, ribs eighteen in number, 
strongly developed, nodulous ; posterior side of the 
shell slightly angulated. 

OwERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. 

lab. Iquiqui, Coast of Peru (dredged from coarse sand 


and gravel at the depth of from six to ten fathoms). 


This species varies considerably in form, some speci- 
lens being so much more oblong than others; and the 
bs in like manner are broader or more spread. 


Species 33. (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


/ARDITA BOREALIS. Card. testd suborbiculari, depres- 


siusculd, albidd, epidermide crassa, olivaced, umbones 


versus paululim decorticatd, indutd; radiatim cos- 
tatd, costis octodecim, nunc angustis, compressis, nunc 
depresso-conveuis, rugosis vel obsolete nodulosis. 

Tur nortHerN Carpira. Shell nearly orbicular, rather 
depressed, whitish, covered with a thick olivaceous 
epidermis a little decorticated towards the umbones ; 
radiately ribbed, ribs eighteen in number, sometimes 
narrow and compressed, sometimes depressly con- 
vex and spread, wrinkled or obsoletely nodulous. 
Venericardia borealis, Conrad, Amer. Mar. Conch., 

No.3. pl: 8: f. 1’: 

Hab. Coast of Massachusetts, North America (found by 

Dr. Pickering) ; Conrad. 


The Cardite spurca and borealis seem to present re- 
markable modifications of the same characters, and if a 
more extended series of specimens should prove them to 
be varieties of one and the same species, Conrad’s name 
should be preserved, as having the priority of a few 
months over that of Mr. Sowerby. I publish the two 
species as I find them, as I cannot verify my suspicions. 
The Cardita borealis may be described as being rounder 
and more depressed than the C. spurca, whilst the ribs 
present but little indication of being nodulous. 


Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) 


CarpiTa crassa. Card. testa subquadrato-ovali, gibbo- 
sissimd, antice brevissimd ; albd, maculis rubido-fus- 
cis perpaucis prope umbones ornatd, epidermide luteo- 
Susca induta ; radiatim costatd, costis rotundis, lati- 
usculis, umbones versus subtilissime geniculatis, late- 
ribus hic et illic indistincté serratis, interstitiis per- 
angustis ; intus albd, margine irregulariter undulato. 

Tue tuick Carpira. Shell somewhat squarely oval, 
extremely gibbous, anteriorly very short; white, 
ornamented with a few scattered reddish-brown 
spots near the umbones, and covered with a yel- 
lowish-brown epidermis; radiately ribbed, ribs 
round, rather broad, and very finely geniculated 
towards the umbones, sides of the ribs here and 
there indistinctly serrated, interstices between the 
ribs very narrow ; interior of the shell white, mar- 
gin irregularly undulated. 

Gray, Zool. Beechey’s Voy., p. 152. pl. 42. f. 4. 

Hab. Acapulco ; Beechey. 


The Cardita crassa is remarkable for its very gibbous 


August 1843. 


CARDITA.—Ptare VII. 


swollen formation, and differs materially in this respect 
from any other species. 


Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Carpita sutcaTa. Card. testd rotundato-cordiformi, 
radiatim costatd ; costis rotundis, granuloso-serratis, 
interstitiis perangustis ; albidd, costis lineis fuscis 
sparsis, oblique transversis, aurantio-roseo infra in- 
quinatis, vivide pictis ; epidermide luteo-fuscd ; intus 
albd. 

Tur GRooveD Carpira. Shell rotundately heart-shaped, 
radiately ribbed; ribs round, granulously serrated, 
interstices very narrow; whitish, ribs vividly painted 
with obliquely transverse dark brown lines, each of 
which is daubed underneath with pale brown or 
orange-rose ; epidermis yellowish-brown ; interior 
of the shell white. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. vi. 
p. 406. 

Sowersy, Genera of Shells, Card., f. 3. 

Chama antiquata, Poli (not Linnzus). 
Venericardia sulcata, Payrandeau. 
Hab. Mediterranean. 


The Cardite sulcata and antiquata have been so con- 
founded together by authors that it is extremely difficult 
to arrange the synonyma ; an examination of the identi- 
cal shell described by Linnzus under the latter title (in 
the Museum of the Linnean Society), enables me however 
to certify that the Chama antiquata of Linnzus is not 


the Chama antiquata of Poli; for further account of whic 
see the preceding Plate, Sp. 30. 


Species 36. (Fig. a, 6, c & d, Mus. Cuming.) 


CarpDITA LaTIcostTata. Card. testd ovato-rhombed, tur 
gida, latere postico elevatiusculo ; luteo- vel cwruleo 
alba, fasciis brunneis aut nigricantibus, latis, undatis 
longitudinaliter picta ; radiatim costatd, costis linei 
elevatis frequentibus decussatis ; epidermide fulves 
cente. 

THE BROAD-RIBBED Carpira. Shell ovately rhomboida 
swollen, posterior side rather elevated ; yellowis 
or bluish-white, longitudinally painted with broa 
brown or blackish waved bands; radiately ribbec 
ribs crossed with numerous strongly raised lines 
epidermis yellowish-brown. 

Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. 


Variety 3. (Fig. 36 d.) 
Testa latere antico, aredque posticd vivide aurantio-rubrd 
Shell with the anterior side and posterior ligamentar 
area bright orange-red. 
Cardita tricolor, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. 
Hab. St. Elena, Panama, Real Llejos, Guayaquil, &e. 
Central America (found in coarse sand and mud a 
the depth of from ten to twelve fathoms) ; Cuming 


This beautiful and distinct species is not uncommot 
in collections ; the longitudinal stripes vary more or les 
in colour from brown to black, and the sides of the shel 
are occasionally tinged with orange-red. 


= 
mS 
Q 
8 
es 
Ss 


dS 


§ 
: 
al 
3 
E 


Sowerby dd. et kth 


CARDITA. 


Puare VIII. 


Species 37. (Fig. a, b and c, Mus. Belcher.) 


RDITA ABYSSICOLA. Card. testd globoso-cordi ormi, 
valde gibbosd ; albd ; radiatim multi-costatd, costis 
tricenis, angustis, subtilissim? imbricatis, imbricibus 
numerosis, confertis ; lunulé maximd, prominente no- 
tata. 

1g DEEP-DWELLING Carpita. Shell globosely heart- 
shaped, very gibbous ; white ; radiately many-rib- 
bed, ribs thirty in number, narrow and very finely 
imbricated, imbrications numerous and close-set ; 
lunule very large, and prominently developed. 

inps, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

ab. Straits of Malacca (found at the depth of a hun- 
dred fathoms) ; Hinds. 


Lam much indebted to Mr. Hinds for being allowed 
) introduce this remarkable shell to the notice of con- 
hologists. It is a very beautifully sculptured species, 
nd especially curious from having been dredged by that 
ndefatigable collector in the Straits of Malacca at the 
reat depth of one hundred fathoms. Another interest- 
ng feature in this shell is its close affinity with the fos- 
il Cardita imbricata. There is no indication of any 
colour; it looks exactly as if cut from alabaster, and is in 
xcellent condition, with the ligament fresh and entire. 


Species 38. (Mus. Brit.) 


Carpira FLAMMEA. Card. testa depresso-cordatd, cras- 
sd, radiatim costatd, costis latis, depressis, subobtu- 
sis ; rubido-lutescente, maculis rubidis triangularibus, 
flamneis, vivide pictd, epidermide crassd induta ; um- 
bonibus incurvis; lunuld maimd, profundd ; intus 
alba, margine denticulato. 

THE FLAME-MARKED CARDITA. Shell depressly heart- 
shaped, thick, radiately ribbed, ribs broad, de- 
pressed and rather obtuse ; reddish yellow, vividly 
painted with reddish, triangular, flame-like spots, 
and covered with a thick epidermis ; umbones 
curved inwards ; lunule very large and deep; in- 

terior white, margin denticulated. 

Venericardia flammea, Michelin, 

1830. pl. 6. 
> 


Mag. de Zool., 


Hab. 


It is with no little gratification that I now publish a 
good illustrative figure of a species described thirteen 


years since by M. Michelin from a worn odd valve. 
The Cardita varia is the nearest allied species to it, but 
that shell is of smaller dimensions, rounder, and slightly 


noduled; the painting is also of different character. 


— ae 


Species 39. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Carpita Preissu. Card. testa trapezio-ovata, depres- 
siusculd ; lutescente, fusco varid et irregulariter =0- 
natd; radiatim costatd, costis octodecim ; anticis 
eleganter annulato-crenulatis, posticis squamis forni- 
catis, erectis, sparsim ornatis. 

Preiss’s CARDITA. Shell trapeziformly ovate, rather 
depressed ; yellowish, variegated and irregularly 
zoned with brown ; radiately ribbed, ribs eighteen 
in number; anterior ones elegantly crenulated, 
having the appearance of rings, posterior sparingly 
adorned with erect, hooked scales. 

Menxe, Moll. Nov. Holl., p. 38. 

Hab. Western coast of New Holland; Menke. 


This is a very pretty species, and the single specimen 
here figured is the only one I have seen. I was enabled 
to identify it by means of a very well executed drawing, 
kindly forwarded to me a few months since by the au- 
thor, M. Menke of Pyrmont. 


Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Card. testa suborbiculatd, lu- 
radiatim costata, costis 


CARDITA CANALICULATA. 
teold, fusco varie zonatd ; 
und vel duabus et viginti, lateraliter compressis, 
annulato-serratis, interstitiis excavato-canaliculatis ; 
intus albidd, fusco pallide tinctd. 

Tur CHANNELED CARDITA. Shell nearly orbicular, 
yellowish, variously zoned with brown; radiately 
ribbed, ribs one or two and twenty in number, la- 
terally compressed, annulately serrated, interstices 
excavately channeled ; interior whitish, faintly 
stained with brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. 

The leading features of this species are its rounded 
form, and the peculiar manner in which the interstices 
between the ribs are channeled out. 


ee 


September 1843. 


CARDITA.—Ptate VIII. 


Species 41. (Mus. Brit.) bed, ribs one or two and twenty in number, f 
rather broad, and closely approximating, the int 
stices being narrow and rather deep ; ribs annulat 
serrated towards the umbones, here and there scz 


Carpita ancisutcata. Card. testd ovata, rubido-fusco 
tinctd et variegatd ; radiatim costatd, costis und vel 
duabus et viginti, planis, latiusculis, approximatis, in- 
terstitiis angustis, profundé incisis ; costis umbones scales erect. 
versus annulato-serratis, hic et illic squamiferis, Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 
squamis erectis. This species may be easily recognised by the nart 

THE NARROW-GROOVED Carpita. Shell ovate, stained | and deeply-cut interstices between the ribs, which 
and variegated with reddish brown; radiately rib- | unusually flat towards the margin. 


Sowerby del ct lithe 


Cardite, 


Py 


pre 


Uth Lui 


omy 


CARDITA. 


Puate IX. 


Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.) 


CARDITA CONCAMERATA. Card. testa ovato-oblongd, ra- 
diatim costatd, costis nodulosis, subirregularibus ; 
valvis planiusculis, camerd parvd vel pocillo interne 
munitis. 

Tue coamBered Carpira. Shell ovately oblong, ra- 
diately ribbed, ribs nodulous and rather irregular ; 
valves flattish, furnished internally with a small 
cup or chamber. 

Brucurers, Enc. Meth. vers, vol. i. part 2. p. 409. 
Chama concamerata, Chemnitz. 

Hab. Cape of Good Hope (found under stones). 


The curious internal cup-like structure which is pe- 
culiar to this species is formed by a fold of the calca- 
reous lining of the valve, and it has been ascertained 
by Mr. Sowerby to be destined to contain the ovaries. 
“The eggs,” says that author, “appear to remain in them 
until they are perfectly developed and ready to disclose 
the complete animal with its shell.” 


Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) 

(Figure considerably magnified.) 

Carpita sEMEN. Card. testa ovatd, subcompressa, tenui, 

| radiatim costatd, costis plano-convevis ; olivaceo- 
fuscd. 

Tur step Carpira. Shell ovate, somewhat compressed, 
thin, radiately ribbed, ribs flatly convex ; olive- 
brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Mexillones, Desert of Atacama, Bolivia (found at 
the depth of three fathoms) ; Cuming. 


This minute species is the smallest of the genus; it 
looks like a little radiated seed. 


Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.) 


CARDITA NODULOSA. Card. testd ovatd, solida, radiatim 
costatd, costis duabus vel tribus et viginti, compressis, 
regulariter nodulosis ; lutescente-albd, prope margi- 
nem aurantio tinctd. 

Tue NopuLous CarDITA. Shell ovate, solid, radiately 
ribbed, ribs two or three and twenty in number, 
compressed, regularly noduled; yellowish white, 


stained near the margin with orange. 


Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 
Hab. Sicily ? 


This shell may be recognised by the compressed cha- 
racter of the ribs, and the very regular manner in which 
they are noduled. 


Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.) 
(Figure considerably magnified.) 

Carpira wavirormis. Card. testa trapezio-ovatd, sub- 
compressd, latere postico elongato-recto ; radiatim 
costatd, costis paululim curvatis, squamosis ; fusces- 
cente. 

Tur poat-sHAPeD Carpira. Shell trapeziformly ovate, 
somewhat compressed, posterior side elongately 
straight ; radiately ribbed, ribs a little curved, 
scaly ; brownish. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Valparaiso, South America (dredged from sandy 
mud at the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. 


The shape of this little species is peculiar, though it 
approaches in great measure to that of the C. trapezia. 


Species 46. (Mus. Cuming.) 
(Figure considerably magnified.) 

Carpira compressa. Card. testa suborbiculari, solidd, 
valde compressa, epidermide olivaced indutd ; radia- 
tim costatd, costis levibus, planiusculis, interstitiis 
angustis. 

Tur COMPRESSED CaRDITA. Shell nearly orbicular, 
solid, very compressed, covered with an olivaceous 
epidermis ; radiately ribbed, ribs smooth, rather 
flat, interstices between them very narrow. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1543. 

Hab. Valparaiso, South America (dredged from coarse 
sand at the depth of from twenty to sixty fathoms) ; 
Cuming. 

Several specimens of this little species were found by 

Mr. Cuming at the great depth above-mentioned ; it has 

the appearance of the C. borealis in miniature. 


Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) 
(Figure considerably magnified.) 


Canpita FLraBettum. Card. testd flabelliformi, radia- 


September 1848. 


CARDITA.—Puate IX. 


tim costatd, costis leviter serratis; olivaceo- 
Sused. 

Tue FAN Carpita. Shell fan-shaped, radiately ribbed, 
ribs lightly serrated ; olive-brown. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 


Hab. Valparaiso, South America; Cuming. 


The peculiar fan-shape of this minute species distin- 
guishes it in an eminent degree from any hitherto de- 
scribed. 


Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.) 
(Figure considerably magnified.) 

Card. testa subflabelliformi, radia- 
tim costatd, costis decem vel undecim, prominentibus, 
subtiliter squamulosis. 

Tue TILED CarpirTa. 


CaRDITA TEGULATA. 


Shell somewhat fan-shaped, ra- 
diately ribbed, ribs ten or eleven in number, promi- 
nent, and finely scaled. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Valparaiso, South America (dredged from the 
depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. 


The sculpture of this shell reminds one of a tiled roof. 


Species 49. (Fig. a, 6 and c, Mus. Cuming.) 
(Figures considerably magnified.) 

Card. testé globosd, Cardiiformi, 

radiatim costatd, costis rotundatis, irregulariter no- 

dulosis, interstitiis subprofunde incisis; albidd vel 

aurantid, strigis aurantiis latis, transversis, vivid? 

ornatd. 


Carprta Carpio1vEs. 


Tue Carprum-.ixe Carprra. Shell globose, Cardiun 
shaped, radiately ribbed, ribs rounded, irregular 
nodulous, interstices rather deeply cut; whitish. 
orange, vividly marked across with broad oran, 
streaks. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Islands of Corrigidor and Luzon, Philippin 
(dredged from coarse sand at the depth of seve 
fathoms) ; Cuming. 


A very pretty, round, solid species, looking more lil 
a Cardium externally than a Cardita. 


Species 50. (Mus. Brit.) 
(Figure considerably magnified.) 

Carpira Fasuta. Card. testé oblongo-ovatd, late: 
postico latiore, radiatim costatd, costis subangulatis 
albd, fusco sparsim maculata ; intus alba, posti 
Susco-tincta. 

THE LITTLE BEAN CarpiTa. Shell oblong-ovate, po: 
terior side the wider, radiately ribbed, ribs some 
what angular; white, lightly spotted here an 
there with brown ; interior white, stained wit 
brown at the posterior end. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Alboran. 


The locality above-mentioned is attached in manu 
script to a number of specimens of this little shell in th 
British Museum from Mr. Broderip’s celebrated col 
lection. 


abyssicola, Hinds 
aculeata, Philippi .... 


eleleje) ele wiclee ele 


affinis, Broderip........ ROR OEE cea 


ajar, Bruguiere 


teens 


alpisulcata, NCCUel. ce sells stele «<< 


antiquata, Reeve 
bicolor, Lamarck ,... 


orealiss| Connddasnc.= 1 cele einer 


calyculata, Bruguiere. . 
calyculata, Lamarck . . 


Wardiordesseheevel as... 3 sc as oe 


compressa, Reeve .... 


concamerata, Bruguiére............ 


Gmina (OR) Se soooae 


crassicostata, Lamarck ..........<. 


Cuvieri, Broderip .... 
distorta, Reeve 
fabUlasteever a... =o - 
flabellum, Reeve...... 
flammea, Reeve ...... 


gibbosa, Reeve .... 
gubernaculum, Reeve 
incrassata, Sowerby .. 
canaliculata, Reeve 
lacunosa, Reeve...... 
laticostata, Sowerby .. 


mipanmOdes Nigh Rand opeodoopes co 


muricata, Sowerby.... 


MAVILOLIIS WLUCCUE avctci ote ays os Se esate 


Cavey Dele iA 


[Temporary Inde. | 


Species 
37 
17 

6 
23 
41 
30 


nitida, Reeve .........-- 
nodulosay MECvels <ieieiel ell 


ovalis, Reeve ....... 
pectunculus, 
phrenitica, Lamarck 
pica, Reeve.... 


Bruguiere ... 


eeeee 


Preissit, Menke 5 cis oie ceioiercteiete 


radiata, Broderip 


radula. (Neevemar ete 


rubicunda, Menke ................ 


rufescens, Lamarck 


ss eee 


SEMEN), IUCCUC a ante, refers cherehaberete os ates 
semiorbiculata, Bruguiere.......... 
Senegalensis, Reeve .............. 


sinuata, Lamarck 


spurca, Sowerby......... 
_squamigera, Deshayes ... 


suleata, Lamarck 


#1 (ele) >) ele) <6) ele 


Mankervilliteeeveraeres | careers 
Ce pula tale ie CCUC Mer telat stet-telerkenereietatera 


trapezia, Bruguiere 


ET-1COLOT a SOW. CLD Yaaro teste ret etree 


Tridacnoides, Menke ..... 


GNESI oo dccodaeocosoceee 


tumidalp Si00en? meee rite 


turgida, Lamarck 


VALIA, ei OUCTIDN as ene eeia ioe ae 


variegata, Bruguiére ..... 


volucris, Reeve .. 


IV. 


Species 
27 
44 


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7 ‘ - | 
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fee AV Mey 
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t q My “1 
f | i iy a” ; COCK. Hey 
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. 


_ : 


MONOGRAPH 


Don iL PE Ne ees 


Great are thy works, Jehovah! infinite 
Thy power! what thought can measure thee, or tongue 
Relate thee.’— Milton. 


a ae eee er KU hc hm a 


Llp hii 


DELPHINULA. 


Prats I. 


Genus Detpuinuta, Lamarck. 


Testa turbinata, subdiscoidea, anfractibus laxiusculé con- 
volutis, tuberculis vel spinis retusis plerumque orna- 
tis, umbilicum plus minusve amplum formantibus ; 
aperturd rotundd, integrd, margine continuo, reflexo, 
sepe fimbriato. 

Shell turbinated, nearly discoid, whorls rather loosely 
convoluted, generally ornamented with blunt spines 
and tubercles, forming an umbilicus of variable di- 


Operculum corneum, spirale. 


mension; aperture round, entire; margin continu- 
ous, reflected, often frilled. Operculum horny and 
spiral. 


The Delphinule, among marine shells, may be regarded 
as the analogues of the Cyclostomata among land shells, 
having a round entire aperture without any indication 
of a columella. Linneus referred them to his genus 
Turbo, Chemnitz distinguished them by the common 
appellation of Delphinus, and Lamarck associated them 
together in a genus, in accordance with the existing 


form of nomenclature, under the title of Delphinula. 


Species 1. (Fig. a & 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Detrurnuta imperrauis. Delph. testa subdiscoided, 
spiniferd et squameo-liratd ; anfractibus olivaceo- 
viridibus, ultimo pallide purpureo, laxe convolutis, 
umbilicum amplum Jformantibus ; subangulatis, angulo 
spinis gracillimis, squameformibus, nigris, superne 
inflewis, coronato; anfractuum parte alterd spinis bre- 
vioribus, contrarié inflexis, in seriebus dispositis, in- 
terstitiis squamis nigris, minutis, sigillatim impositis, 
ornatd ; spird depresso-concavd. 

Tur upertat Deceninuta. Shell somewhat discoid, 
ornamented with spines and ridges of scales ; whorls 
olive-green, last whorl pale purple, loosely convo- 
luted, forming a large umbilicus; rather angular, 
angle surmounted with a row of black, tall, slender, 
scale-like spines, bending inwards at the top; re- 
maining portion of the whorls adorned with rows 
of shorter spines bending the contrary way, with 
rows of minute scales placed one after the other in 
the interstices ; spire depressly concave. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1842. 

Delphinula melanacantha, Conch. Syst., vol. i. 
pl. 211. f. 4. and pl. 212. f. 10. 


Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines (found in clefts of 
rocks and under stones at low water) ; Cuming. 


It requires no very ‘“‘scrupuleuse observations” to 
distinguish this shell from either of the species to which 
it has been at different times referred by M. Kiener ; 
namely, the D. distorta and laciniata. With the former 
of these species it is unnecessary to institute a compari- 
son; in comparing it with the latter, it may be well to 
point attention to the manifest difference between the 
spiny scale-like protuberances of the D. imperialis, and 
the blunt laciniated appendages of the D. laciniata. 

After publishing this species in my ‘Conchologia 
Systematica’ with the specific title of melanacantha, | 
was reminded that it had been circulated amongst col- 
lectors with that of imperialis. Though the latter name 
had appeared only in manuscript, I thought it prudent 
to adopt it. 


Species 2. (Mus. Cuming. 
I g 


Detpuinuta Formosa. Delph. testa rotunda, subdis- 
coided, leviter nodiferd, aureo-ochraced, cocceo-tinctd, 
anfractibus perangulatis, angulo squamis grandibus, 
triangularibus, valde compressis, coronato ; anfractuum 
parte inferiori squamarum minorum seriebus duabus, 
squamulisque ochraceo-coccineis minutis, in seriebus 
parallelis, subflecuosis, dispositis, ornatd ; umbilico 
amplo, purpureo-lacco vivide colorato ; spird plano- 
convexd. 

Shell round, nearly dis- 
coid, slightly knobbed, golden yellow, stained with 


Tue BEAUTIFUL DELPHINULA. 


pinky crimson; whorls sharply angular, angle co- 
ronated with a row of large, very compressed scales ; 
lower portion of the whorls ornamented with two 
rows of smaller scales and numerous minute yel- 
lowish crimson scales, arranged in waved parallel 
rows; umbilicus large, vividly coloured with bright 
purple lake; spire flatly convex. 


Variety /. 
(Vide Plate III.) 


Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1842; Conch. Syst., vol. il. 
pl. 212. f. 9. 

Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines (found under stones 
on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. 


The lower portion of the whorls of this beautiful shell 


June 1843. 


DELPHINULA.—Ptate I. 


has a peculiarly soft white appearance, and the umbi- 
licus in all the specimens I have seen is coloured with 
a deep purple lake, without the least tinge of the rich 
golden yellow which shades the crimson of the upper 
portion of the whorls. 


Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Dexruinuza acuteata. Delph. testd subdiscoided, acu- 
leatd, albidd ; anfractibus perangulatis, angulo spinis 
squameformibus flexuosis, dorsim coccineis, coronato, 
anfractuum parte inferiori spinarum seriebus duabus, 
aculeolisque squameformibus in seriebus parallelis 
dispositis, ornatd ; spird depresso-pland. 

Tue prickty Detpninuna. Shell nearly discoid, 
prickly, whitish; whorls sharply angular, angle 
surmounted with a row of flexuous scale-like spines, 
scarlet-coloured at the back; lower portion of the 
whorls ornamented with two rows of spines and a 
number of small scale-like prickles arranged in par- 
allel rows ; spire depressly flat. 


Variety (3. 
(Vide Plate III.) 


Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1842; Conch. Syst., vol. ii. 
ok, PAB se SE 

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found under stones 
on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. 


The thin flexuous spines which surmount the upper 
part of the whorls are of very peculiar character; and 
the scarlet at the back of these spines is the only por- 
tion of colour in the shell. The entire surface of the 
shell, but more particularly within and around the um- 
bilicus, is covered with sharp prickles. 


Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) 


DELPHINULA ATRATA. Delph. testa subdiscoided, squa- 
mosd, pallide purpurea; anfractibus superne angulatis, 
angulo squamis brevibus sublaciniatis atratis coronato, 
parte inferiori squamis minoribus squamulisque minu- 


tissimis aculeatis, in seriebus parallelis dispositis, or- 
nata ; spird depresso-pland. 

Tue Buack-pyrp Detputnuta. Shell somewhat dis- 
coid, pale purple; whorls angulated round the up- 
per part, angle surmounted with short, slightly 
laciniated black scales ; lower portion ornamented 
with smaller scales, and a number of very small 
prickly scales arranged in parallel rows ; spire de- 
pressly flat. 

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 212. f. 12. 
Delphinusatratus, Chemnitz, Conch., vol. v. pl. 175. 

f. 1730 and 1731. 

Delphinula laciniata (young), Kiener. 

Hab. Philippine Islands (found under stones on the reefs 
at low water) ; Cuming. 


This shell partakes of the characters of the D. laci- 
niata and imperialis, but it retains a good specific pecu- 
liarity in all stages of growth. I do not hesitate to adopt 
the same distinction that was accorded to it by Chemnitz. 


Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) 


DELPHINULA INCISA. Delph. testd globoso-discoided, 
liris purpureis angustis, subflexuosis, interstitiis albis, 
profunde incisis, totaliter tectd ; anfractibus tuber- 
culis grandibus, complicatis, distantibus, in seriebus 
duabus dispositis, ornatis ; apertura rotundd, margine 
inferiori lacunato ; spird depresso-pland. 

Tur ENGRAVED DeLpuinuza. Shell globosely discoid, 
entirely covered with narrow purple slightly waving 
ridges, the interstices between which are white and 
deeply engraved ; whorls ornamented with two rows 
of large distant stunted tubercles ; aperture round, 
lower margin guttered; spire depressly flat. 

Rexve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843; Conch. Syst., vol. ii. 
pl. 212. f. 11. 

Hab. Port Essington, North Coast of New Holland ; 
Gilbert. 


A single specimen only of this new and interesting 
species was found by Mr. Cuming at the above-men- 
tioned locality ; it may be recognised by the pinched 
stunted growth of the tubercles, and by the interstices of 
the fine waved purple ridges being very deeply engraved. 


as aie 

o-oo, ate, Gas & 
ae ———| | <2 2. @& 

7 >. sie 
ott ep = 

seer 

a ae =_ie Ce 
4 : 1) ee eae - 
oe ya « 
Pot piri” 


Leiphinula F44, 


COUE | 


Dee Pan IN URIA: 


Puate II. 


Species 6. (Fig. a & 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


eLPHINULA T'yr1a. Delph. testa subdiscoided, squamu- 
losd, squamulis minutis, seriatim dispositis ; anfracti- 
bus superne et inferne purpureis, superne angulatis, 
inferne rotundatis, umbilicum levem lacco-purpureum 
plus minusve amplum formantibus ; spird depresso- 
pland. 

‘HE T'YRIAN-PURPLE DELPHINULA. 
discoid, scaly, scales very small, arranged in parallel 
rows; whorls above and below purple, upper part 


Shell somewhat 


angular, lower part rounded, forming a smooth | 


purple-lake umbilicus of greater or less extent; spire 
depressly flat. 

tcEvE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1842; Conch. Syst., vol. ii. 
pl. 211. f. 1 & 6. 

fenxe, Moll. Nov. Holl., p. 16. no. 61. 

Jab. Rotten-nest Island, Swan River Settlement, New 
Holland. 


Little need be added to assist the identification of this 
eautiful shell; it is the only large species of Delphinula 
t present known to be absolutely destitute of spines or 
iodules, and the silvery-white scales, bordered round the 
ipper and lower portion of the shell with rich purple, 
ender it eminently characteristic. 


Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) 


DetpurnuLa pistorta. Delph. testd subdiscoided, rubro- 
purpured ; anfractibus angulatis, supra angulum ir- 
regulariter squameo-liratis et corrugatis, infra squa- 
mosis, squamis numerosis, contiguis, suberectis, muri- 
catis, seriatim dispositis ; spird convexo-pland. 

[ue pistrortep Drtpurnuta. Shell rather discoid, 
deep reddish purple ; whorls angulated, irregularly 
wrinkled with scale-like ridges above the angle 
and covered with scales below it, scales numerous, 
close, rather erect, prickly, and arranged in rows ; 
spire convexly flat. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi. p. 251. 

Turbo distortus, Linnzeus. 
Delphinus distortus, Chemnitz. 
Hab. Island of Nicobar. 


The colour of this shell is a peculiar coral-red ; it has 
no laciniated appendages, and there are no prickly scales 
above the angle of the whorls; the scales that crown 


the angle are often of larger size and more depressed 
than any of the others. It may be as well to notice, 
that the new specific title of rugosa, erroneously attached 
by Kiener to his figure of this well-known species on 
the plate, was abandoned on the subsequent publication 
of the text. 


Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Delph. testa discoided, albd, coc- 
cineo leviter tinctd, punctis elevatis, purpureis, in se- 
riebus subdistantibus dispositis, cinctd ; anfractibus 
rotundis, in medio nodosis, nodis minutis, supra et in- 


DELPHINULA NODOSA. 


fri nodosis, nodis grandibus ; spira concavo-depressd. 

Tur KNOBBED DELPHINULA. Shell discoid, white, 
faintly stained in places with pink, encircled with 
rather distant rows of dark purple raised dots; 
whorls round, encircled with a row of small knobs 
in the middle, and one of very large prominent 
knobs above and below; spire concavely depressed. 
Delphinus nodosus, Chemnitz, Conch., vol. v. p. 160. 

pl. 174. f. 1723 and 1724. 

Hab. Isle of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs at low 

water) ; Cuming. 


This very interesting shell is one of the many excel- 
lent and rare species of Chemnitz that have been neg- 
lected by Lamarck. Although four very distinct kinds 
of Delphinule are described and figured in -the ‘Con- 
chylien Cabinet,’ only two were published in the ‘ Hist. 
des Anim. sans vert.,’ Lamarck’s third species (D. tur- 
binopsis) being a Cancellaria (C. trigonostoma, Sow.). 
The shell before me is nearly as round and discoid as a 
Planorbis, and may be recognised as a very characteris- 
tic species. 


Species 9. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cuming.) 


Derrninuca wacinrata. Delph. testd subdiscoided, 
crassd, carneold, rubro et fusco variegatd ; anfracti- 
bus squamis minutis liratis, interdum levioribus ; su- 
perne angulatis, angulo appendicibus grandibus curvis, 
laciniato-ramosis ornato ; umbilico amplo, squamis 
erectis muricatis armato ; aperturd inferne lacunata ; 
spird depresso-pland. 

Tue DELPHINULA. 


LACINIATED Shell nearly discoid, 


thick, flesh-coloured, variegated with red and 


June 18438. 


DELPHINULA.—P ate II. 


brown; whorls ridged with minute scales, often Turbo delphinus, Linneus. 
smooth ; angular round the upper part, angle de- | Hab. Indian and Chinese Seas: Philippine Islands 
corated with large, curved, laciniately branched Cuming. 


appendages; umbilicus large, armed with erect 
prickly scales; aperture guttered at the lower part ; 
spire depressly flat. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi- p. 180. 


This, the normal species of the genus, may be distin 
guished by its colour and broadly laciniated and branche 
appendages. 


Delphinala, 


Sa es, 


‘ 


Cee pee 
ES 


/4a. 


Sowerby, del et Lith ‘ircere Brel 
owerby, del. et Lith Vincent Brooks Im, 


DELPHINULS 


Prate III. 


9 


Species 2. (Fig. 2 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


DeipuinuLa rormosa. Variety S. Testa squamulis coc- 
cineis, in seriebus parallelis dispositis ubique ornata. 

Shell everywhere ornamented with small crimson-scarlet 
scales, arranged in parallel rows. 

This very pretty variety of the Delphinula formosa 
(vide Plate I. Species 2.) is distinguished on account of 
the rows of small crimson scales which cover its entire 
surface. 


Species 3. (Fig. 3 b, Mus. Cuming.) 


Devruinusa acuteara. Variety B. Testa superne levis. 
Shell with the upper portion perfectly smooth. 


It is important to observe, that the Delphinula aculeata 
is sometimes destitute of prickles above the tuberculated 
angle of the whorls. The most striking character of 
this species appears to be in the deep crimson or scarlet 
painting which ornaments the back of the spines or 
tubercles, and it is constant in all the specimens I have 


seen. 


Species 10. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Dexpurnuta Peroni. Delph. testa planulato-rotundatd, 
spird subdepressa ; peralbd, foraminibus irregularibus 
profuse puncturatd ; anfractibus angulato-convezis, 
superne varicosis, varicibus obsolete bicarinatis ; aper- 
ture fauce eximie margaritaced. 

Peron’s DELPHINULA. Shell flatly rounded, spire rather 
depressed ; very white, ~ofusely punctured with 
irregular small holes, rem -kably so with a row of 
large ones round the umbilicus ; whorls angularly 
convex, surmounted with varices, which are obso- 
letely double-keeled ; interior of the aperture deli- 
cately lined with bright salmon-colour pearl. 

Krener, Iconographie, pl. 3. f. 5. 

Hab. Islands of St. Peter and St. Francis, New Holland ; 


Peron. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. 


This is one of that curious group of Delphinule of 
which four species are illustrated in the present plate. 
The Delphinula Peronii is curiously punctured over, and 
looks exactly like some baked preparation of white 


sugar that I remember to have seen at confectioners. 
The whorls are strongly varicose, but only on the upper | 


part, and this is a character I would notify as being pe- 
culiar to the species. 


Species 11. (Fig. a and 4, Mus. Cuming.) 


Detpninuta Scanartorpes. Delph. testd globulosa, 
albd ; anfractibus rotundis, varicosis, varicibus ele- 
vatis, solidis, annuliformibus ; interstitiis transverse 
striatis, striis elevatis ; intus margaritaced. 


Shell globular, 


white; whorls round, varicose, varices elevated, 


Tue Scavarra-LikKE DELPHINULA. 


solid, ring-like ; interstices between the varices 
marked across with raised striz; interior pearly, 
bright salmon-colour. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines ; Cuming. 


The whorls of this species, which is not punctured 
like the former, are encircled with solid rings about 
seven to the whorl, after the manner of a Scalaria; the 
shell might indeed be mistaken for one, were it not for 
its solidity and pearly interior. 


Species 12. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Detpuinvuta varicosa. Delph. testé angulato-globosa, 
alba, foraminibus sparsim puncturatis ; anfractibus 
superne angulatis, fortiter varicosis, varicibus multi- 
carinatis et elevato-striatis ; intus margaritaced. 

Tur varicose Decputnuta. Shell angulately globose, 
white, punctured here and there with holes; ribs 
angular round the upper part, strongly varicose, 
varices many-keeled and elevately striated ; interior 
pearly. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Corriegidor, Philippines ; Cuming. 


This species differs from the Delphinula Peronii in 
having the spire more prominent, and varices entirely 
across the whorls; they are also more strongly and 
closely set; the shell is moreover much more sparingly 


punctured. 


Species 13. (Mus. Delessert.) 


Detrninuta spHaruLa. Delph. testd subdiscoided, vi- 
ridi coccineoque varie tinctd ; spird depresso-plan ; 


anfractibus superne angulatis, superficie nodoso-un- 


July 1845. 


DELPHINULA.—P tate III. 


datd, squamuloso-striatd, spinis longis, compressis, 
fornicatis, ad angulum stellatis; infra convexis 
aculeis sparsis ornatis ; intus margaritaced. 

Tue sPHERULE DeLpuinuta. Shell nearly discoid, va- 
riously coloured with green and scarlet; spire de- 
pressly flat; whorls angular round the upper part, 
surface nodosely waved, squamulosely striated, 
stellated round the angles with long vaulted com- 
pressed spines; lower part of the whorls convex, 
ornamented with scattered spines; interior pearly. 

Kirner, Iconographie, pl. 3. f. 3. 

Hab. ? 


, 


Having lately had the pleasure of examining this 
magnificent shell in the museum of M. Delessert in Paris, 
I can bear testimony to its specific importance. It is 
remarkably distinct from any hitherto described species, 
and I trust it will not be long before we obtain a speci- 
men in this country. 


Species 14. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Detruinuta pepressa. Delph. testd plano-rotundatd 


spird valde depressd, foruminibus puncturata ; albd 4 
anfractibus supern? angulatis, fortiter varicosis, vari- 
cibus ad angulum acuminato-elevatis ; intus margari- 
taced. 

THE pEpressep Detpurnuna. Shell flatly rounded; 
spire very remarkably depressed, punctured with 
holes; white; whorls angulated round the upper 
part, strongly varicose, varices acuminately elevated 
at the angle; interior pearly. 

Rervs, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Camaguing, Philippines ; Cuming. 


No one can fail to recognise this species by its de- 
pressed spire and by the pointed elevation of the varices 
on the angle of the whorls. 


Delphinula PI 


16 


pre Lith Ly 


De Ene eNeU nea: 


Prate IV. 


(Figures moderately magnified.) 


Species 15. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


ILPHINULA DIScOIDEA. Delph. testa discoided ; spird 
plano-depressd, liris longitudinalibus et transversis; 
interstitiis subtiliter striatis, eximie clathratd ; peri- 
pherid carinis duabus clathratis prominentibus ornata. 

mz piscorp Detpurnuta. Shell discoid; spire flatly 
depressed, delicately latticed with transverse and 
longitudinal ridges, the interstices between which 
are finely striated ; periphery ornamented with two 
prominent latticed keels. 

EEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

fab. Cagayan, Island of Mindanao, Philippines (found in 


coarse sand at the depth of ten fathoms); Cuming. 


The latticed sculpture of this shell very much resem- 
les the character of a figure in plate 31 of the ‘ Maga- 
n de Zoologie’ for 1834, under the appellation of D. 
damantina, Duclos. It differs however essentially from 
hat species in form, and I regret to say that the Delphi- 
ula adamantina, according to the figure alluded to, is 
uite unknown to me. 


Species 16. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cuming.) 


JELPHINULA EvoLUTA. Delph. testa spiraliter discoided, 
partim evolutd ; anfractibus subquadratis, marginibus 
corrugato-crenatis. 

Poe vnrotuep Dexpninura. Shell spirally discoid, 
partially unrolled; whorls somewhat square, cre- 
nated in a wrinkled manner at the edges. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 18438. 

Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Bay of Manila (found in coarse 
sand at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. 


The loose manner in which this shell is rolled, giving 
it the appearance of a miniature hunter’s horn, is not 
a casual deformity. Several specimens were collected 


by Mr. Cuming at the above-mentioned island. 


Species 17. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Belcher.) 


Deupuinuta Reeviana. Delph. testa orbiculari, sub- 
discoided, mutica ; spird depressiusculd, anfractibus 


convenis, longitudinaliter carinulatis, carinulis nume- 


rosis, superis distantioribus ; interstitiis liris obliquis 
corrugato-clathratis ; labro simplict ; umbilico per- 
amplo. 

Reeve’s Detruinuta. Shell orbicular, somewhat dis- 
coid, spineless ; spirerather depressed, longitudinally 
keeled, keels numerous, upper ones the more distant 
from each other; interstices latticed in a wrinkled 
manner with oblique ridges ; lip simple ; umbilicus 
very large. 

Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Straits of Malacca (found at the depth of seventeen 
fathoms) ; Hinds. 


The external sculpture of this shell, which approximates 
in general form to the Delphinula nivea, exhibits a kind 
of crimped appearance. 

I kindly thank Mr. Hinds for attaching my name to 
this highly interesting species, and especially as belong- 
ing to a genus which I have worked out with consider- 
able interest and attention. 


Species 18. (Fig. a, 6 & c, Mus. Cuming.) 


DextpHinuLa muricaTa. Delph. testd turbinatd, pallide 
aurantio-fulvd, maculis coccineis vivid? aspersd ; an- 
fractibus carinis tribus, prominentibus, muricato- 
squamulosis, cinctd, supra etinfra subtiliter corrugato- 
striatis ; suturis peculiariter profundis. 

Shell turbinated, 

pale orange-yellow, vividly sprinkled with scarlet 

spots ; whorls encircled round the middle with 
three prickly-scaled keels, and sculptured above and 
below with faint wrinkled striz ; sutures peculiarly 


THE PRICKLY-KEELED DELPHINULA. 


deep. 
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 
Hab. East Indies; Humphrey, MSS. 


This is by no means a newly discovered species; the 
specimens here figured having been found in the old col- 
lection of the late Mr. George Humphreys, with the 
name and locality above used attached to them in his 
hand-writing. 


October 1848. 


DELPHINULA.—P ate IV. 


Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) 
Detpninuta crenata. Delph. testé depresso-turbinaté ; 


anfractibus carinis duabus crenatis confertis cinctis 


, 


supra granulosis, infra levibus; suturis crenatis 5 || 


labro valde incrassato. 

Tue crenatep Dexpurnuna. Shell depressly turbi- 
nated; whorls encircled with two close strongly 
crenated keels, granulous above, smooth below ; 
sutures crenated ; lip very much thickened. 

Kieyer, Iconographie, pl. 4. f. 8. 

Hab. Bais, Island of Negros, Philippines (found in coarse 


sand and gravel at the depth of seven fathoms) ; | 


Cuming. 


This interesting species, so imperfectly figured by 
M. Kiener, may be easily recognised by the elegantly 
festooned pair of keels which adorn the periphery of 
the whorls, 


Species 20. (Mus. Royale, Paris.) 


DELPHINULA AUSTRALIS. Delph. testé parva, ovato- 
tundatd, depressd, spird pland ; anfractibus tra 
versim costulatis, longitudinaliter tenuissim? striat 
| aperturd margine reflexo. 

| Tue sovrnern Detrninuna. Shell small, ovat 
rounded, depressed, spire flat ; whorls transyersi 
| ribbed, longitudinally very finely striated ; apertu 
with the edge reflected. 

_ Kreyer, Iconographie, pl. 4. f. 7. 

| Hab. Islands of St. Peter and St. Francis, coast of Ne 

Holland; Kiener. 


I publish this species on the authority of M. Kiene 
| Iny figure being merely a copy of that published by hir 
| He relates that it was collected by Capt. Baudin durir 
| his voyage of circumnayigation. 


Delphinala, PLY. 


21? 


DERE NGO ae 


Prats V. 


(Figures moderately magnified.) 


Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) 


JeLPHINULA cLATHRATA. Delph. testd subdiscoided, 
anfractibus rotundatis, carinulis transversis et longi- 
tudinalibus equidistantibus regulariter clathratis ; la- 
bro incrassato, marginato ; umbilico peramplo. 

[ue tarricep DeLpuinuta. Shell somewhat discoid, 
whorls rounded, regularly latticed with equidistant, 
transverse and longitudinal keels ; lip thickened, 
marginated ; umbilicus very large. 

REEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Bay of Manila (found in 
coarse sand at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming. 


A small species with a regularly latticed surface. 


Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Detrninuta Cosrsensis. Delph. testd turbinatd, mi- 
nutd ; anfractibus convewis, carinulis transversis et 
longitudinalibus equidistantibus regulariter clathratis ; 
umbilico mediocri ; labro simplict. 

Tur Cosisa Detputnuta. Shell turbinated, very 
small; ribs convex, regularly latticed with equidi- 
stant, transverse and longitudinal ribs; umbilicus 
middling ; lip simple. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Port of Cobija, Peru (found under stones in rocky 
places at low water) ; Cuming. 

The sculpture of this shell, familiarly known to Mr. 


> 


Cuming as “ his little Cobija species,’ is exactly similar 
to that of the D. clathrata ; it is however much less dis- 
coid in form, the whorls are not so round, the umbilicus 


is smaller, and the lip is not marginated. 


Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) 


DELPHINULA SYDEREA. 
plano-concavd, apice interdum rosaceo ; anfractibus 


Delph. testd turbinatd, spird 


angulato-convexis, tuberculis muricatis, in seriebus 
duabus aut pluribus, radiatim stellatis ; labro incras- 
sato, marginato. 

Shell turbinated, spire 


Tue srarry DELPHINULA. 


flatly concave, apex sometimes stained with pink ; 


whorls angularly convex, radiately starred with 
two or more rows of prickly tubercles ; lip thick- 
ened and marginated. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Island of Camiguing, Philippines (found under 
stones at low water); Cuming. 


The leading feature of this species, and which is 
especially prominent in young specimens, is its peculiar 
star-like display of tubercles; the concave flatness of the 
spire is also remarkable. 


Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Dexpuinuta rapiaTa. Delph. testd orbiculari, depresso- 
turbinata, albido-luteold, maculis coccineis perpaucis 
vivide pictd ; anfractibus angulato-convexis, corru- 
gato-striatis ; peripherid serie unicd tuberculorum ra- 
diatim stellata, tuberculis compressis, prominentibus, 
mucronatis, carinuld muriculatd infra; labro simplici. 

Tur rapratep DeLpurnuta. Shell orbicular, depressly 
turbinated; whorls angularly convex, striated in a 
wrinkled manner ; periphery radiately starred with 
a row of very prominent, compressed, sharp-pointed 
scales, having a fine prickly-scaled keel encircling 
the shell beneath; lip simple. 

Krener, Iconographie, pl. 4. f. 9. 

Hab. Indian Seas; M. Janelle. 


The Delphinula radiata, though only lately described, 
has been long known in this country by the richly co- 
loured specimen here figured, from the collection of the 
late Mr. George Humphreys. ‘The locality attached to 
it by that veteran conchologist is ‘* West Indies,” but 
as the above-mentioned place is quoted by Kiener on 
the authority of M. Janelle, it cannot well be disputed. 


Species 25. (Fig. a & 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


DELPHINULA CANCELLATA. Delph. testa subdiscoided, 
spird depressd ; anfractibus liris transversis et longi- 
tudinalibus subdistantibus elegantissime crenulatis, 
liris tribus centralibus prominentioribus, subspinosis ; 


labro simplici. 


October 15:45. 


DELPHINULA.—Puate V. 


Shell somewhat dis- 
coid, spire depressed ; whorls very elegantly cancel- 
lated with rather distant transverse and longitudinal 
ridges, the three central of which are much more 
prominent than the rest, and somewhat spinous ; 
lip simple. 

Krener, Iconographie, pl. 4. f. 10. 

Hab. Sibonga, Island of Zebu, Philippines (found under 
stones at low water) ; Cuming. 


THE CANCELLATED DELPHINULA. 


This is another species as remarkable for the elegance 
of its form as for the neatness of its sculpture. 


Species 26. (Mus. Woldemar.) 


DeLPHINULA NIVEA. Delph. testd orbiculari, nived, pel- 
lucidd, spird depressd ; anfractibus transversim cos- 
tellatis, costellis regularibus, superis distantioribus ; 
interstitiis leviter concavis, suturis profundis, subca- 
naliculatis ; labro simplici, umbilico peramplo. 

THE sNoWY-wWHITE DrELPHINULA. Shell orbicular, 
snowy white, transparent, spire depressed; whorls 
transversely ribbed, ribs regular, the upper fewer 
and more distant; interstices between the ribs 
slightly concave, sutures deep, a little canaliculated ; 
lip simple, umbilicus very large. 


Turbo nivea, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. x. pl. 1 
f. 1587 and 1588. 
Delphinula levis, Kiener. 
Hab. Seas of India; Kiener, 


As this species has been already described by Che 
nitz, I restore the specific name attached to it by tl 
author, in accordance with the common rules of nome 
clature. 


Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) 


DePuInvta ciparis. Delph. testd subgloboso-turbina 
solida, anfractibus transversim et longitudinalit 
tuberculato-costatis, costis longitudinalibus majoribt 
prominentioribus ; anfractuum parte inferiori Sor 
minosd. 

Shell somewh 
globosely turbinated, solid, whorls transversely a1 
longitudinally tuberculously ribbed, longitudin 
ribs the larger and more prominent, lower part 
the whorls full of small holes or punctures. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Calapan, Island of Mindoro, Philippines (found : 
coarse sand at the depth of ten fathoms) ; Cumin 


Tue Perstan TURBAN DELPHINULA. 


This is the roundest and most solid species of th 
genus. 


BBG ALAR CEUE. «wise seis sens ons 
HHL, (75S eens CeCe 
msivalis, Kener .......0.00 
IRIE, Se Ro peiSe somone 
. Sin, JER Bo See ee ooRIbS 
BRIER L ANP rss sec) 2 sie + aieneie 
“UIGHSRL G6 ce eseeosoneoee 
Fenata, Keener .....-.-.---- 
pH WE osha paceoude de 
BREII(C CAML oe Meicnc 8) ys cfencis is =< 
istorta (Turbo), Limn.......- 
MUGS RCEUE) 5 = acs +0! 
TOSS OF Sepa be Broo oemene 
Miperialis, 7d. .........-- 


DE ioe Ee Nw a. 


Species. 


ANCISAsMLCEUE! eae teal sel 
laciniata (Zwrbo), Linneus ... 
melanacantha, Reeve ......-- 
MME coipsancecosonc 
nivea (Zurbo), Chemnitz ..... 
MOR Jae oaobodsodooes 
Peroni, Avenery s.r...) ro 
MGI, ts Sooopesneooncus 
Reeviana, Hinds ..........- 
Scalarioides, Reeve .......--- 
spheerula, Kiener......----- 
syderea, Reeve.......------ 
Mivnubey one gone cod 090r5C 
Wath Mh ncoeeuopn odor ee 


MONOGRAPH 


OF THE GENUS 


ay TR ile sAesit eae 


“ By the Almighty’s ever-during care; 
Her procreant vigils Nature keeps 
Amid the unfathomable deeps.” — Wordsworth. 


Cypricardia PLL 


ei C. 


Sowerby, del et lith 


incens Srooks, Imp 


GA IG seid D) a8 


Pirate I. 


Genus Cypricarpt1a, Lamarck. 


Testa equivalvis, valde inequilateralis, elongato-ovata, nun- 

quam costata, latere antico brevissimo, postico sepis- 
Cardo: dentibus tribus brevibus in- 
fra umbonem utriusque valve, dente unico laterali, 
elongato, interdum subobsoleto. Palliiimpressio mus- 


sime angulato. 


cularis, leviter sinuosa. Ligamentum externum. 

Shell equivalve, very inequilateral, elongately ovate, 
never ribbed, anterior side very short, posterior 
most frequently angulated. Hinge: three short 
teeth beneath the umbone of each valve, and a 
single elongated lateral tooth, which is sometimes 
nearly obsolete. Muscular impression of the mantle 


slightly sinuous. Ligament external. 


The Cypricardie constitute one of the four genera in- 
to which Lamarck distributed the Cardite of his prede- 
cessor Bruguiére, and the propriety of that separation, as 
respects the group under present consideration, has been 
fully confirmed by subsequent discovery. ‘The hinge of 
Cypricardia is of much more complicated character than 
that of Cardita, there being three short teeth beneath the 
umbone, together with an elongated lateral tooth in 
each valve: and the shell differs materially both in 
structure and composition ; in structure, in being never 
radiately ribbed; in composition, in bemg of an opake 
white nature, with little or no indication of an epi- 
dermis. 

Of thirteen species now before me, only four of which 
have ever been figured before, there are three, the C. co- 
ralliophaga, decussata and laminata, which differ mate- 
rially from the rest in their habits, imasmuch as they 
live imbedded in shells, or large masses of madrepore, 
after the manner of the Lithodomi, and, as regards the 
shell, are not much unlike them in form and general 
appearance. ‘They are of a peculiar tenuity and trans- 
parency, and do not present that posterior angulation 
which is so prominent in the typical species. De Blain- 
ville has already proposed to separate them under the 
new generic title of Coralliophaga, and it may yet be 
matter for consideration whether this genus be not 
worthy of adoption. 


Species 1. (Mus. Brit.) 


Cypricarpia Lirata. Cypr. testa oblongo-ovatd, levi, 


alba; incrementi liris irregularibus, prominentibus, 
numerosis, ornatd, epidermide versus marginem in- 
dutd ; umbonibus compressis ; intus albd, postice vio- 
laceo tinctd. 

Tue ripGep Cypricarpia. Shell oblong-ovate, smooth, 
white, ornamented with numerous prominent irre- 
gular ridges of growth, covered with an epidermis 
towards the margin; umbones compressed ; inte- 
rior white, stained at the posterior end with violet. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. iy 


The highly developed lateral tooth, so characteristic 
in the typical species of this genus, is almost obso- 
lete in this; it differs from them also in the character 
of the epidermis. 


Species 2. (Mus. Brit.) 


Cypricarpra ancuLata. Cypr. testd subquadrato-ob- 
longa, postice oblique angulatd, decussatim striatd, 
striis longitudinalibus parallelis, latere postico oblique 
truncato ; albida, intus aurantio-luted, postice violaceo 
vivide tinctd, 

THE ANGULATED Cypricarpi1A. Shell somewhat square- 
ly oblong, posteriorly obliquely angulated, decus- 
sately striated, longitudinal strie parallel to each 
other, posterior side obliquely truncated; whitish, 
interior orange-yellow, vividly stained at the pos- 
terior end with violet. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. vi. 
p- 438. 


Chama oblonga, var., Chemnitz. 
? 


Hab. 


The longitudinal striz of this species do not exhibit 
that peculiar waved character which they present in the 
following; it is a more solid shell, and much more 
highly-coloured in the interior. 


Species 3. (Mus. Brit.) 


CypricarpiA Rostrata. Cypr. testd subquadrato-oblon- 
gd, postice oblique angulatd, decussatim striatd, striis 
longitudinalibus irregulariter undulatis; latere postico 
productiore, subattenuato, rostrato; albd, intus albd, 
postice violaceo leviter tinctd. 


September 1843. 


CYPRICARDIA.—Puats I. 


Tur BEAKED Cypricarpia. Shell somewhat squarely 
oblong, posteriorly obliquely angulated, decussately 
striated, longitudinal strie irregularly waved ; 
posterior side produced, somewhat attenuated, 
beaked ; white, interior white, faintly stained with 
violet at the posterior end. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. vi. 
p. 439. 

Hab. Kangaroo Island, New Holland; Lamarck. Is- 
land of Ticao, Philippines (found under stones and 
coral at low water) ; Cuming. 


This shell is of a'more delicate opake white composition 
than the preceding ; the extremities are more produced 
and the longitudinal striz are waved. 


Species 4. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Brit.) 


CypricaRDIA oBLONGA. Cypr. testa oblongo-ovatd, pos- 
tice oblique angulatd, decussatim striatd, striis longi- 
tudinalibus nodulosis, leviter undulosis ; umbonibus 
compressis ; lutescente, aut pallide rubido-aurantid, 
angulo postico lineis purpureis interruptis vivide no- 
tato; intus albidd, roseo plus minusve tinctd, lineis 
purpureis brevibus prope marginem radiata. 

Tue ostone Cypricarpia. Shell oblong-ovate, poste- 
riorly obliquely angulated, decussately striated, 
longitudinal striz slightly waved, made nodulous 
by the crossing of the radiating strie; umbones 
compressed ; yellowish or pale reddish orange, pos- 
terior angle of the shell vividly marked with inter- 
rupted purple lines; interior white, more or less 
stained with pink, and radiated near the margin 
with short purple lines. 

Sowersy, Genera of Shells, No. 20. 

Chama oblonga, Linneus. 

Hab. New Holland; Dr. Goodhall, MSS. The orange- 
tinted variety (Fig. 4 6) found by Mr. Cuming at 
Matnog, Province of Albany, Island of Luzon, Phi- 
lippines, in coarse coral sand at low water. 


It may be observed that I clearly identify the C. oblon- 
ga, Guinaica and angulata as three separate and distinct 


species; my previous synonyma therefore in Conch. 
Syst., vol. i. p. 104, copied from Lamarck, are incorrect. 
The two magnificent specimens of the C. oblonga here 
figured are from the celebrated Goodhall collection, now 
dispersed. 


Species 5. (Mus. Brit.) 


CypRICARDIA SERRATA. Cypr. testd subquadrato-ovatd, 
subflecuoso-distortd, incrementi gradibus laminis fra- 
gilibus numerosis, ewviliter serratis, peculiariter no- 
tatis, interstitiis subtilissime radiatim sulcatis ; pal- 
lide rosacea, intus vivide purpurea. 

THE sERRATED CypricarpiA. Shell somewhat squarely 
oval, rather flexuously distorted, stages of growth 
peculiarly marked by a number of fragile lamine, 
finely serrated at the edge, interstices filled with de- 
licate radiating grooves ; pale pink, interior stained 
with rich purple. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ——? 


No figure nor description can do justice to this beau- 
tiful shell, so remarkable on account of the delicacy of 
the pink serrated lamine. 


Species 6. (Mus. Brit.) 


CypricaRDIA pDEcussATA. Cypr. testd elongato-ovatd, 
regulariter convexd, tenui, albd, semipellucidd, striis 
evilibus, undulatis, elevatis, oblique decussatis, ornatd. 

Tuer pEcussateD CypricarpiA. Shell elongately ovate, 
regularly convex, thin, white, semi-transparent, 
covered with fine, waved, obliquely decussated, ele- 
vated striz. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. ? 


This is evidently one of the terebrating species, be- 
longing to that section of the genus which De Blainville 
distinguishes by the new title of Coralliophaga. 

The term decussated is here used in its strictest and 
proper sense, signifying oblique crossing, as in the let- 
ter X. 


Vincent Brookes I 


Sowerby, del.et hth 13. 


CY PRT CARD) ek. 


Puare II. 


Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) 


PRICARDIA VELLICATA.  Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatda, 
compressd, prope marginem veniralem anticam pecu- 
liariter vellicatd ; albd, latere postico purpureo-fusco 
plus minusve vivide radiato; umbonibus purpureo- 
fuscis. 

E PINCHED CyPRICARDIA. 
pressed, peculiarly pinched near the anterior ventral 
margin; white, posterior side more or less rayed 


Shell oblong-ovate, com- 


with purplish brown ; umbones purplish brown. 
eve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 
b. Calbyog, Island of Samar, Philippines (found on 
soft slaty stones at low water) ; Cuming. 


This interesting species, which has been found in great 
undance by Mr. Cuming at the above locality, is di- 
nguished not only by the purple-brown streaks which 
> more or less strongly depicted on the posterior side 
the shell, but by the peculiar manner in which it is 
nched, as it were, near the anterior ventral margin. 


Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) 


YPRICARDIA iNcARNATA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, 
tenui, plano-convevd, liris planis subtilissimis nume- 
rosis ab umbonibus undulatim divergentibus, eximie 
notatd ; albidd, postice incarnatd. 

HE FLESH-TINTED Cypricarpra. Shell oblong-ovate, 
thin, flatly convex, delicately marked with a num- 
ber of very fine flat undulating ridges diverging 
from the umbones; whitish, flesh-tinted on the 
posterior side. 

EEVE, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 

[ab. Island of Burias, Philippines (found under a stone 
at low water); Cuming. 


The surpassing delicacy of the ridges is exceedingly 
haracteristic in this species ; instead of looking raised 
pon the surface, they have all the appearance of undu- 
ating rays of light. 


Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) 


JYPRICARDIA LAMINATA. Cypr. testd trapezio-oblongd, 
tenui, albd, latere postico valde latiore, rotundato, 
compresso, laminis duabus vel tribus, elevatis, subdi- 


stantibus, fimbriato. 


Tue tamrnatep Cypricarpia. Shell trapeziformly 
oblong, thin, white, posterior side much the wider, 
rounded, compressed, and frilled with two or three 
rather distant raised lamina. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Lord Hood’s Island, Pacific Ocean (found at the 
depth of five fathoms piercing, and partially imbedded 


in, the Avicula margaritifera) ; Cuming. 


This peculiarly shaped shell exhibits the same kind of 
delicate marginal frill of lamin as the well-known Cy- 
pricardia coralliophaga (Fig. 12), and belongs as above 
stated to a mollusk of the same terebrating habits. The 
shells of terebrating mollusks vary so exceedingly in 
form, according to circumstances of situation, &c., that 
were the C. /aminata not entirely destitute of the fine 
radiating strie which characterise the C. coralliophaga, 
it might be regarded as a modification of that species. 


Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) 


CyrricarpIaA oBesA. Cypr. testd subquadrato-ovata, 
valde gibbosd, tumidd, latere postico suboblique an- 
gulato ; longitudinaliter striatd, striis profunde inci- 
sis ; lutescente-albd. 

Tur srour Cyrricarpta. Shell somewhat squarely 
oval, very gibbous, swollen, posterior side rather 
obliquely angulated, longitudinally striated, strie 
deeply engraved ; yellowish white. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 


Hab. ? 


This remarkable shell may be easily recognised by its 
stout swollen formation ; it differs materially in this re- 
spect from its nearest allied species the C. Guinaica, as 
well as in the absence of any nodulous divergent strie. 
The ridges between the longitudinal striz in these species 
are singularly opposite : in the Cypricardia obesa they are 
sharp and parallel to each other ; in the Cypricardia Gui- 
naica they are rounded and irregularly waved. Differ- 
ences in regard to colour are also conspicuous, for the 


| shell under consideration exhibits no indication of pink 


in the interior, but a kind of a burnt reddish-yellow tinge 
around the posterior muscular cicatrix. 


Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Cypricarpia Sorenowes. Cypr. testd angustatd, Sole- 
niformi, latere postico plano-angulato ; alba, postice 


September 1843. 


CYPRICARDIA.—Puate II. 


purpureo-fusco obsolet? radiatd ; umbonibus purpureo- 

Suscis ; intus albd, ad extremitatem posticam purpureo- 

violaceo tinctd. 

Shell narrow, Solen- 
shaped, posterior side flatly angulated; white, pos- 
teriorly obsoletely rayed with purplish brown ; um- 
bones purplish brown; interior white, stained with 
purple-violet at the posterior extremity. 

Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843. 

Hab. Lord Hood’s Island, Pacific Ocean (found at the 
depth of five fathoms, piercing, and imbedded in, 
the Avicula margaritifera) ; Cuming. 


Tue SOLEN-LIKE CypricaRDIA. 


The Cypricardia Solenoides, though approximating 
greatly in form to the Cypricardia coralliophaga, differs 
materially in structure and composition ; the two species 
indeed exhibit all the differences upon which De Blain- 
ville founded his genus Coralliophaga. Instead of pre- 
senting that pellucid tenuity which seems peculiar to the 
terebrating species, it is of the same solid opake structure 
as the Cypricardia vellicata, the umbones have the same 
purplish-brown patch upon them, and there is an evi- 
dent imdication of the same posterior streaks of that co- 
lour. 


Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) 


CyYPRICARDIA CORALLIOPHAGA. Cypr. testd angustatd, cy- 
lindraced, Modioleformi, tenui, semi-pellucidd, striis 
numerosis, ab umbonibus divergentibus, eximi? notatd ; 
latere postico laminis plurimis, elevatis, subdistantibus, 
fimbriato ; intus albd, extremitate posticd ad margi- 
nem roseo-tinctd. 

Tue corat-EaTiInG Cypricarpia. Shell narrow, cy- 
lindrical, Modiola-shaped, thin, semitransparent, 
delicately marked with numerous striz diverging 
from the umbones ; posterior side frilled with several 
rather distant raised lamine ; interior white, pos- 
terior extremity stained with rose along the edge. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. vi. 
p. 439. 

Chama coralliophaga, Gmelin, Chemnitz. 


Cardita dactylus, Bruguiére. 
Coralliophaga Carditoides, De Blainville. 

Hab. Lord Hood’s Island, Pacific Ocean (found at 1 
depth of five fathoms, piercing, and imbedded in, #] 
Avicula margaritifera) ; Cuming. West Indies (four 
imbedded within masses of corals and madrepores 


The name attached to this species has the rare mer 
of indicating in some measure the habits of the anima 
For further notice of it, I must refer the reader to n 
general remarks at the commencement of the genus. 


Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Cypricarpia Guinaica. Cypr. testd subquadrato-ovat 
gibbosiusculd, oblique angulatd, angulo prope un 
bones prominente ; latere postico ad extremitatem con 
presso, ad apicem rotundato ; lutescente-albd, umbone 
versus pallide purpured, striis nodulosis divergentibus 
lirisque undulatis transversis eximie decussatd 3 int 
alba, in medio roseo-tinctd. 

Tur Guinea Cypricarpia. Shell somewhat squarel 
oval, rather gibbous, obliquely angulated, angl 
rather prominent near the umbones; posterior sid 
compressed at the extremity, rounded at the top 
yellowish white, tinged with pale purple toward 
the umbones, delicately crossed over the entire sur. 
face, but more strongly towards the ventral mar 
gin, with nodulous divergent strie and waver 
transverse ridges; interior white, stained in the 
middle with rose-pink. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes’ edit.), vol. vi 
p- 438. 

Chama Guinaica, Chemnitz. 
Cardita carinata, Bruguiére. 

Hab. Lord Hood’s Island, Pacific Ocean (found on the 

reefs at half-tide in coarse coral sand); Cuming. 


This is not the Chama oblonga of Linnzus (for which 
vide Plate I. Fig. 4 a and 3), as supposed by Lamarck 
and Deshayes; it is a shorter, stouter shell, and inva- 
riably smaller. 


MONOGRAPH 


OF THE GENUS 
Pipe Ry eae 


With joy and shout 
The hollow universal orb they filled, 
And touched their golden Harps, and hymning praised 
God and his works.” —Mlton. 


‘lar pu, t 


\\ 


ut 


Te Aw ty kA. 


PuatTE I. 


Genus Harpa, Lamarck. 


Testa ovalis, ventricosa, ad basim emarginata ; spird brevi, 
latissime canaliculatd, apice elato, acuto ; anfractibus 
longitudinaliter costatis, costis plus minusve numero- 
sis, arcuatis, parallelis, politis, superne acutissime mu- 
cronatis ; aperturd ovato-oblongd, ampld ; columella 
subexpansd, levissimd, politd ; labro incrassato, COS- 
tam ultimam formante. 

Shell oval, ventricose, emarginated at the base; spire 
short, very widely canaliculated, apex raised and 
acute ; whorls longitudinally ribbed, ribs more or 
less in number, curved, parallel, polished, and 
sharply pointed at the top; aperture ovately oblong, 
large; columella somewhat expanded, very smooth, 
polished ; lip thickened, forming the last whorl. 
No operculum. 


Operculum nullum. 


Few groups of mollusks present a more complete ge- 
neric cast of character than that of the Harpe, whether 
as respects the shell or its animal inhabitant. The most 
characteristic features of the shell are so perfectly di- 
stinct from those of the proximate genera, that one is 
almost tempted to imagine that there must be a gap, on 
either side, in the system which nature has omitted to 
fill up, and the animal, according to MM. Reynaud and 
Quoy, exhibits quite as isolated an association of cha- 
racter. The foot or locomotive disk of this mollusk is 
described by the enterprising malacologist of the Astro- 
labe to be so large and muscular that it is incapable of 
entering the shell, and the animal is said to have the 
power, when irritated or in any dangerous emergency, 
of spontaneously divesting itself of so much of this mus- 
cular disk as it is unable to protect. 

The Harpe are not very numerous in species, and as 
they run apparently very much into each other, it has 
been thought extremely difficult to identify them accord- 
ing to the limits established by Lamarck. Great errors 
have been on this account promulgated in their specific 
arrangement; no two shells for example can be more 
clearly distinct than the many-ribbed Harpa imperialis 
and the many-ribbed variety of the Harpa ventricosa ; 
and the Harpa conoidalis may certainly be distinguished 
from the latter, with a moderate exercise of discrimina- 
tion, though all these have been, andare still, confound- 
ed together. The acute perception of Lamarck, how- 
ever it may have failed him at the close of his useful life, 


| 


detected certain specific characters, the value of which 
an extensive series of specimens, instead of generating 
confusion, has enabled me to estimate ; and I have se- 
lected the “‘ Harps” thus early for illustration, not from 
any accession of novelty, but from a desire to perpetuate 
Lamarck’s arrangement of them. 

No shells have perhaps excited more universal admi- 
ration than the “ Harps,” so rich and delicate in their 
colouring, so symmetrical in their proportions. The 
longitudinal ribs, which constitute their most striking 
peculiarity, are analogous in structure to the varices of 
the Canalifera, each forming in its turn the margin of 
the aperture; and like them, they are deposited by the 
animal to protect the outer lip during a season of rest, 
the greater multiplicity of ribs indicating the more pe- 
riodical growth of the shell. 

The Harpe, says Broderip, are taken at the Mauritius 
on sand banks with a small rake to which a net is at- 
tached when it is low water, at night and at sunrise; it 
is conjectured that at those times they are out on their 
feed. 


Species 1. (Fig. a, Mus. Townley; Fig. 6, Mus. Cuming; 
Fig. c, Mus. Steere.) 


Harpa nostuis. Harp. testd ovatd, subventricosd, basim 
versus attenuato-coarctatd, griseo-rosaced, Fusco al- 
boque arcuato-articulato, maculisque grandibus pur- 
pureo-sanguineis, quadratis, perpaucis, vivide pictd ; 
costis latiusculis, lineis nigris capillaribus transversim 
fasciculatis. 

Tye NopLE Harp. Shell ovate, rather ventricose, at- 
tenuately contracted towards the base, greyish pink, 
vividly painted with arcuately articulated brown 
and white, and a very few large square spots of 
purple-crimson ; ribs rather wide, crossed here and 
there with a number of black hair-like lines. 

Rumpuivs, Mus., pl. 32. fig. L. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 256. 

Cithara nobilis, Martini. 
Buccinum harpa, var. e, Bruguiere. 

Hab. Island of Ticac, Philippine Islands (found in sandy 
mud in deep water) ; Cuming. 


The Harpa nobilis is one of the most distinct species 
of the genus. It is very much contracted in form, and 


the painting is peculiarly distributed ; the ribs are vi- 


October 18438. 


HARPA .—P rats I. 


vidly crossed with a number of clear, black, hair-like 
lines, and the interstices, instead of exhibiting that bold 
festooned pattern which is common to the Harpe ven- 
tricosa, conoidalis, and articularis, are ornamented with 
narrow equidistant fillets of curved brown and white. 
The shell is moreover highly characterized by the ap- 
pearance of one or two large square crimson spots. 

The specimen represented at Fig. 1 8, collected by 
Mr. Cuming at the above-mentioned locality, has a rich 
purple hue ; that at Fig. 1 ¢ is an excellent example of a 
lighter tint, in the cabinet of Miss Steere, an intel- 
ligent collector of Cypree, Murices, and other popular 
genera ; and the specimen figured at Fig. 1 @ is selected 
from the very choice Harp collection of Mr. Townley, 
on account of the breadth and determined character of 
the ribs. 


Species 2. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. d and c, Mus. 
Stainforth ; Fig. d, Mus. Townley.) 


Harpa venrricosa. Harp. testd ovato-ventricosd; costis 
latis, angulato-compressis, plus minusve numerosis, 
purpureo-rubro maculato-tinctis, interstitiis lineis spa- 
diceo-fuscis, regulariter arcuatis, vivide pictis; colu- 
melld perpolitd, maculis grandibus nigerrimo-fuscis 
ornatd; aperturd amplissimd, fauce carneolo purpureo- 
que variegata. 


THE VENTRICOSE Harp. Shell ovately ventricose ; ribs 
broad, angularly compressed, more or less numerous, 
stained with flesh-colour and square spots of pur- 
ple-red, interstices vividly painted with regular 
festoons of reddish brown; columella very highly 
enamelled, ornamented with one or two dark brown 
blotches ; aperture very large, variegated with light 
flesh-colour and purple. 

Lamarcg, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 255. 

Cithara major, Klein, Martini. 
Buccinum harpa, Linneus. 
Buccinum harpa, var. a, Bruguiere. 
Testa peradolescens. 
Shell very young. 
Harpa striata, Lamarck. 
Hab. Mauritius (found in sand, in rocky places). 


The most conspicuous feature in this species is the 
sharp angular compression of the ribs, and I regard it 
as being perfectly distinct from either of the species re- 
ferred to it as varieties by Deshayes ; namely the Harpe 
conoidalis, articularis, or imperialis. ‘The specimen repre- 
sented at Fig. 2 d. is one of immature growth, but in a 
much more advanced state than that described by La- 
marck under the name of Harpa striata. I shall speak of 
the decided specific dissimilitude between the Harpe ven- 
tricosa and imperialis in my observations on that species. 


a 


“8 nas n anys SS 


Harpa Flii 


FWA Ee oA 


Puate II. 


Species 3. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Harpa Gracizis. Harp. testd elongato-oblongd, gracili, 
semipellucidd, albidd, roseo eximie variegatd ; costis 
angustis, muticis, levigatis, lineis roseis capillaribus 
transversis ornatd. 

Tur stenper Harp. Shell elongately oblong, slender, 
semitransparent, whitish, delicately variegated with 
light rose-colour ; ribs narrow, spineless, smooth, 
ornamented with transverse hair-like rose lines. 

Bropertre and Sowrrsy, Zool. Journ., vol. iv. p. 378. 
Harpe minor, var., Gray. 

Hab. Island of Annaa or Chain Island, Pacific Ocean 


(found on the reefs) ; Cuming. 


The shell here represented, from the collection of Mr. 
Cuming, is, I think, unquestionably distinct from the 
well-known Harpa minor, both in form and extreme de- 
licacy of colouring, and I have little doubt but that this 
opinion will be one day confirmed by the discovery of 
numerous specimens. 


Species 4. (Fig. a, b & c, Mus. Cuming; Fig. d, Mus. 
Stainforth.) 


Harpa articunaris. Harp. testd ovato-inflatd, tenut, 
cinereo-grised ; costis sepissime angustis, subdistanti- 
bus, angulato-compressis, nigro alboque articulatim 
maculatis, interstitiis lineis cinereis arcuatis sub- 
obscure pictis ; columelld omnind cinereo-fusca. 
Shell ovately inflated, thin, 
ashy grey ; ribs generally narrow and rather distant, 
angularly compressed, articulately spotted with 
black and white, interstices obscurely painted with 
curved ashy lines; columella entirely ashy brown. 
Lamancx, Anim. sansvert., vol. vii.p.256; Encyclopédie 
Méthodique, pl. 404. fig. 3. 
Harpa ventricosa, var. Deshayes, Enc. Méth. 
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found in sandy mud 
in deep water) ; Cuming. 


Tae articutatep Harp. 


Variety B. (Fig. 4, a and d.) 


Testa pallidior, costis lineis nigris transversis, perpau- 
cioribus, fasciculatis. 

Shell paler, ribs with the dark transverse lines much 
fewer in number and separated into groups. 

Hab. Feejee Islands, Pacific Ocean. 


There are scarcely two species of the genus, when 
compared by their typical varieties, that present a more 
absolute contrast than the Harpe articularis and conoi- 
dalis ; the one remarkable for the vivid articulated co- 
louring of the ribs, the other for its simplicity of colour- 
ing and absence of articulation. Yet, at the same time, 
there are no two species which more confusedly run into 
each other; they are indeed so intimately connected 
by the examples Pl. Il. fig. 4 d, and PI. III. fig. 7 e, that 
I have only been enabled to establish a line of separa- 
tion by the consideration of the following characters; 
namely, that in this species the ribs are always sharply 
angular, and the intercostal festoons very obscurely 
painted. 

The ribs of the Harpa articularis are for the most 
part very narrow, the shell having been formerly distin- 
guished as ‘the narrow-ribbed Harp;’” Mr. Cuming has, 
however, recently collected specimens at the Philippine 
Islands, in which the ribs are of much greater width 
and brilliancy, and I have much pleasure in publishing a 
drawing, Fig. 4 6, of one of the specimens alluded to. 

The variety (, which graduates in many respects into 
the Harpa conoidalis, is characterized by the dark lines 
on the ribs not being articulated, but isolated in groups. 


Species 5. (Mus. Stainforth.) 


Harra rmperrauis. Harp. testd orbiculari-turgidd, mul- 
ticostatd, costis triginta aut pluribus, rotundatis, sub- 
irregularibus, confertis, superne elato-mucronatis, in- 
terstitiis profunde striatis ; albidd, zonis numerosis 
interruptis, carneolis, cingulatd ; spird latissime cana- 
liculatd, apice rosaceo ; columella et aperture fauce 
vivide aurantiis. 

IMPERIAL OR MANY-RIBBED Harp. 


Ta Shell orbicu- 


larly swollen, many-ribbed, ribs thirty or more in 


io} 


number, rounded, somewhat irregular, close-set, 
elevately pointed at the top, interstices deeply 
striated ; whitish, encircled with a number of inter- 
rupted flesh-coloured zones ; spire very widely ca- 
naliculated, apex rose-tinted ; columella and interior 
of the shell stained with bright orange. 
Cuemnirz, Conch. Cab., vol. x. p. 184. pl. 152. fig. 1452. 
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 254. 
Harpa multicostata, Sowerby. 
Harpa ventricosa, var., Deshayes, Kiener. 


October 1843. 


HARPA.—P tate II. 


Buccinum harpa, var. e, Bruguiére. 
Buccinum costatum, Linneus. 
Lyra Davidis, Martini. 
Hab. Mauritius (found in sand, in rocky places in deep 
water) ; Cuming. 


This very beautiful and highly valued shell has been 
considered by some authors to be merely a many-ribbed 
variety of the Harpa ventricosa, on account of the uncer- 
tain number and proximity of the ribs in that species ; 
it requires however, in my opinion, no very great power 
of discrimination to remark one or two important cha- 


racters in the Harpa imperialis which are decidedly pe- 
culiar to that species. The ribs, without regard to 
number, differ essentially in being rounded ; the inter- 
stices between them are deeply striated, and never ex- 
hibit the least indication of that bold festoon-painting 
which forms so prominent a feature in the Harpa ventri- 
cosa; and again, there is a strong peculiarity in the 
columella and interior of the shell being lined with an 
Other differences might be 
particularized, but these are fully sufficient to establish 
the accuracy of Lamarck’s arrangement. 


enamel of bright orange. 


Harpa, FL. 


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HARPA., 


Prate III. 


Species 6. (Fig. a and 6, Mus. Cuming.) 


Harpa minor. Harp. testd ovato-oblongd, grised, ma- 
culis fuscis et albis, arcuatim articulatis, vivide picta ; 
costis angustis, subdistantibus, nigro-lineatis, lineis 
capillaribus geminatis ; spird exsertiusculd. 

Tue LEssER Harp. Shell ovately oblong, grey, vividly 
painted with curved, articulated, brown and white 
spots; ribs narrow, rather distant, crossed with 
black hair-like lines ranging in pairs; spire rather 
exserted. 

Rumputius, Mus., pl. 32. f. M. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 257. 

Hab. Philippine, Society Islands, &c. (found under stones 
at low water) ; Cuming. 


This is a very peculiar species, both as regards form 
and colour, although the painting of articulated curved 
spots is very similar to that in the Harpa nobilis. There 
is generally a single dark brown spot on the enamel 
surface of the columella. 


Species 7. (Fig. a, d and e, Mus. Townley ; Fig. bandc, 
Mus. Burt. 


Variety a. (Fig. 7 d.) 


Harpa conorpatts. Harp. testd ovato-conoidali, sub- 
ventricosd ; anfractibus angustis, rotundatis, subdis- 
tantibus, carneolato-tinctis, interstitiis lineis arcuatis, 
pallide fuscis, obscure pictis ; spird exsertiusculd. 

Tue conorpicat Harp. Shell ovately conoidical, rather 
ventricose ; whorls narrow, rounded, rather distant, 
fiesh-tinted, interstices rather obscurely and irre- 
gularly painted with faint festooned brown lines; 
spire rather exserted. 

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vil. p. 255. 

Harpa ventricosa, var., Deshayes. 
Hab. Ceylon (found in mud in deep water). 


The Harpa conoidalis is by far the most variable of 
the species, and it is extremely difficult to arrange any 
scale of varieties likely to remain conventional ; I have 
however distributed the numerous specimens under exa- 


mination into four divisions. The first division, Variety 
a, the type of the species, is characterized by the sim- 
plicity and plainness of the ribs, both in respect to form 
and colour, and the festooned pattern of the interstices 
is very indistinctly portrayed. 


Variety 6. (Fig. 7 6.) 


Testa costis interstitiisque maculis carneolato-roseis varie- 
gatis. 

Shell with the ribs and interstices variegated with di- 
stinct spots of fleshy rose. 


This variety is chiefly remarkable for the distinctness 
of the spots, which are of a particularly delicate rose- 
tint. A few scattered dark lines begin to appear on the 
ribs. 

Variety y. (Fig. 7 a.) 

Testa ferrugineo-fusco tincta; costis latioribus, lineis ni- 
gris capillaribus sparsis ornatis, interstitiorum lineis 
arcuatis vivide pictis. 

Shell stained with rich chocolate or rusty brown; ribs 
wider, ornamented with scattered black hair-like 
lines, the festooned lines of the interstices broadly 
and vividly painted. 


The rich chocolate-brown colouring of this variety 
renders it perhaps the most distinct and best charac- 
terized of the series; the painted festoons between the 
ribs are especially rich, and there is an admirable re- 
gularity in their arrangement. 


Variety 6. (Fig. 7 ¢ and e.) 


Testa carneolato-fusca ; costis subirregularibus, lineis ni- 
gris capillaribus, undulatis, fusciculatis, ornatis. 
Shell fleshy brown; ribs rather irregular, ornamented 
with finely waved black hair-like lines separated in 

groups of three or four together. 


We have an approach in this beautiful variety to Va- 
riety 6 of the Harpa articularis, though no two species 
are more distinct compared by their typical varieties. 


| This is the closest affinity that seems to exist between 


any two species of the genus. 


October 1848. 


Marput : LEB /i 


HARPA. 


Pirate IV. 


pecies 8. (Fig. 6, Mus. Cuming; Fig. @ and c, Mus. 
Stainforth ; Fig. d, Mus. Brit.) 


[ARPA ROSEA. Harp. testd ovatd, tenui, ventricosd, pal- 
lide luteolo-fuscd, maculis roseis grandibus quadratis 
trifasciatim ornatd ; costis planis, irregularibus, nunc 
latissisimis, nunc angustissimis, subobsoletis, intersti- 
tits lineis eximiis arcuatis, nebuloso-articulatis, sub- 
irregulariter pictd ; margine crenato. 

HE ROSE Harp. 
yellowish brown, ornamented with large, square, 
bright rose spots ranging round the shell in three in- 
terrupted bands ; ribs flat, irregular, sometimes very 
broad, sometimes very narrow and rather obsolete, 
interstices rather irregularly painted with delicate 
curved lines confusedly articulated together; mar- 
gin crenated. 

AMARCK, Anim. sans vert., vol. vii. p. 256. 

Cithara rosea, Klein. 
Harpa rosacea, Martini. 


Shell ovate, thin, ventricose, pale 


Buccinum harpa, var. b, Bruguiére. 
ab. Senegal, and north of the Gambia, Africa (found 
in sand, in deep water). 


This delicate and much-admired species is allied in 
me respects to the Harpa nobilis ; the ribs are however 
ore feebly developed, and they are not crossed with 
e same vivid black lines. The rose spots are more 
undant and characteristic, and of a much more delicate 
lour. 

In the specimen represented at Fig. 8 a, from the very 
oice collection of Mr. Stainforth, the ribs are unusually 
oad. 


Species 9. (Fig. a & 6, Mus. Cuming ; Fig. c, Mus. 
Stainforth.) 


ARPA CRENATA. Harp. testd ovatd, supern? tumidd, 
ceruleo-grised, maculis grandibus perpaucis sangui- 
neo-purpureis irregulariter aspersd ; costis nunc latis, 
nunc angustissimis, superne muricatis, interstitiis lineis 


eximiis, arcuatis, nebuloso-articulatis, varie pictd ; 

margine crenato. 
Tue crenatep Harp. Shell ovate, swollen round the 

upper part, bluish grey, irregularly sprinkled with a 

very few large crimson-purple spots; ribs some- 

times broad, sometimes very narrow, armed with 

three or four prickly tubercles near the top, inter- 

stices variously painted with delicate curved lines 

confusedly articulated together; margin crenated. 
Swarnson, App. Bligh. Cat.35. 

Harpa crenata rosea, Gray. 

Harpa rosea (adult), Kiener. 

Harpa Rivoliana, Lesson. 

Harpa testudinalis, \ 

Harpa Mevicana, ae 


Variety 3. (Fig. 9 6.) 


Testa elongatior, costis planis, latioribus. 

Shell more elongated, ribs flat and broader. 

Hab. Acapulco, Mexico (found in sandy mud in deep 
water) ; Cuming. 


This shell, which has a very strongly crenated lip, may 
be separated with great propriety as a distinct species 
from the Harpa rosea, and I quite agree with Mr. Swain- 
son, M. Lesson and others, in arranging it as such. The 
lip of the Harpa rosea is also crenated, and it has cer- 
tainly a very strong affinity with the Harpa crenata in 
all respects excepting colour; the deep blue-grey is pe- 
culiar to the latter, and when it is remembered that they 
inhabit very different localities, I think a specific di- 
stinction should be allotted to them if one can possibly 
be defined. 

The assertion of a modern writer, whose monograph 
of this genus is not a very creditable one, that the 
Harpa rosea is the young of the Harpa crenata, is per- 
fectly absurd ; it is no uncommon thing to see either in 
different stages of growth, and [ have represented an old 
Harpa rosea, Fig. 8 d, with a young Harpa crenata, Fig. 
9 c, in order to remove this impression. 


October 1843. 


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