t.M^ I^viaon of MsUibEeb Sectional T.ibratv CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA ILLUSTRATIONS SHELLS OF MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS VOL. IX. CONTAINING MONOGRAPHS OF THE GENEK.' SPONPYLl'S. NATICA. NERITA. NERITIXA. NAVICELLA. LATIA. SIPHONARIA. LOVELL AUGUSTUS REEVE, F.L.S., F.G.S., CORKESPDNDINO MEMBER OF THE NATUKAL niSTORY SOCIETY OF WURTEMBEKG. AND OF THE LVCEl'M OF NATURAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK. " The works of God are so worthy of their author, that besides the impresses of his wisdom aud goodness that are left as it were upon their surfaces, there are a great many more curious and excellent tokens and effects of Divine artifice in the hidden and innermost recesses of them ; and these are not to be discovered by the perfunctory looks of oscitant and unskilful beholders ; but require, as well as deserve, the most attentive and prying inspection of inquisitive and well- instructed considerers. And sometimes in one creature there may be I know not how many ad- mirable things, that escape a vulgar eye, and yet may be clearly discerned by that of a true naturalist." — Boi/le. LONDON ; LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. ISofi. JOHN EUWAKD TAVLOB, PKINTEK, UTILE qUEEN STREET, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS SPONDYLUS " Not a s/ie// But shows scjiuc touch, in freckle, stnak, or stain. Of His uurivaUcd pencil."— Cowpcr. SpCNdxIu^sJH.J. W40r :> W in Vf-W^n 1 \\\ ,%,! h/^<^ V ^.^.r' S^weiby '1.1 rt, lull SPONDYLUS. Genus SPONDYLUS. Lnni^tus. Tcsin affixa, i>i,pi/>iiriilrix, ir mi id, iris, plus minus aiiricti- lata, rniVuitiiii xtriatu et tirnlii, runt costata, varie nm- ricata el spiiiom ; uhiboiiibiis icqitaUbus, area cardinali permtiplfi, plmin, eetate productiore, pecuUariter sepa- ratis. Cardo dentihus duohm solidis, re/lexis in ntrn- qm valvfl, valide intersertis, ligamenUmi in cavHalem inter se recipleiitibns. Impressio muscularis mbla- teralis. Shell attached, inequivalve, irregular, more or less auricu- lated, radiately striated and ridged, rarely ribbed, va- riously prickled and spined ; umboes equal, peculiarly separated by a very large flat hinge area, more and more produced with age. Hinge with two solid re- flected teeth in each valve, strongly interlocking, and receiving the ligament between them. Muscular im- pression sublatcral. The Spondylus, or Thorny Oyster, is one of the earliest known shells. When Aristotle occupied himself with phi- losophic interest in describing the animals of the Mediter- ranean, the -S". (jftdaropus lived, as now, in all its royal panoply of purple and white, and the name adopted by Linnaeus when engaged upon the grand formula of nomen- clature which has become the law of naturalists, was that of the old philosopher of Greece, namely, SiroVSuXos. The species added to this genus in modern times are compa- ratively few ; Lamarck numbered twenty-one ; Sovverby, in liis recent monograph in ' Thesaurus Conchyliorum,' only thirty-four, and I have but two or three to add. The species are mostly well known to collectors, all having an attrac- tive interest from their singularity of form and beauty of colouring. Their grow'th is peculiar and extremely irre- gular, varying according to the circumstances of their place of attachment ; it may be remarked, however, that it is on the upper valve that the shell developes its truest specific cliaracter. The Sporiihjll are confined to no particular locality. Limited as they are in species, they are distributed very generally over the globe south of the latitude of the Medi- terranean. There are no sjiecies on the coast of Britain. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus Pacificus. Spond. testa, oblique late trigonii, compressd, radiatim tenue imhricato-striatd et liratn, Januar liris subcoiitorli''Jte.rHOsis, tenuissime sqnamatis, squumis interdumfere obsoletis ; rtibidd vel rosed, interdmii al- lidd, minio radiatd. The Pacific Spondylus. Shell obliquely broadly tri- angularly compressed, radiately finely imbricately stri- ated and ridged, ridges somewhat twistedly flexuous. very finely scaled, scales sometimes almost obsolete; ruddy or rose-coloured, sometimes whitish, rayed with vermilion. Ilab. Lord Hood's Island, Pacific Ocean ; Cuming. This species has been sometimes regarded as a variety of S. ««(/h.s which follows, but it is uniformly distinguished by a characteristic obliquely triangular compressed growth, rayed with exceedingly fine squamate ridges and striae. Mr. Cuming possesses it in several varieties. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) Si'ONDYLUs NUDUS. Spoiid.. testd snbelongato-lriijoiiii, (jib- Losii, nmbones versus rotundato-tumidd, radiatim, deiisi- slrialn et interdum. liratd, siriis vix imbricatis, sublo'- ribiis, liris posticis versus marginal interdum squama- tis, auriculis Icevibus ; vivide minid, lineis albis remotis plerumqne radiatis. The denuded Spondylus. Shell somewhat elongately triangular, gibbous, rotundately swollen towards the umboes, radiately densely striated and sometimes ridged, strife scarcely imbricated, nearly smooth, pos- terior ridges sometimes scaled towards the margin, auricles smooth ; bright scariet, generally rayed with distant white lines. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. p. 233. pi. 203. f. lOS'J, 1990. Hab. Mauritius and Philippine Islands ; Cuming. A richly painted vermilion shell, mostly rayed at rather distant intervals with white lines. It is at once distin- guished from the preceding species by its elevated regular gibbous growth, and ab.sence of scales, except in advanced specimens at the ends of the posterior ridges. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus varians. Spond. testa oblongo-orbicidari, convexo-depressn, suUrregulari, spinis brevibtis sqiiu- ?iiatis copiosP radiata, spinis valde irregularibws, valvd 1856. SPONDYLL'S.— Plate I. siiperiori prope umbonem liris parvis aciilia Irihus xqim- miferis distantibtcs radiata, valvd infcrinri /ili'i-nunii"- muUo foliata et concameratd ; alba, cin-a ih,ilioii.u,i piirptireo-roseo et aurantio titidd, liris Iribiin pan-is radlantibus mturatiorihus. Thf. vakiable Spondylds. Shell oblong-orbicular, con- vexly depressed, somewhat irregular, copiously rayed with very irregular short squaraate spines, upper valve rayed near the umbo with three small sharp sealed ridges, lower valve generally much foUated and cham- bered ; white, stained around the umbo with pui-jjle- rose and orange, the three small radiating ridges be- ing darker in colour. ^JowEiuiv. \ii(i' ii(li\ lo Catalogue of Polynesian Shells coll' I . ^ ''• 'I I -lutchbury. A'/j'j'M ' ■ v /) , • ■//■(. Chenu. Hab. Pacific Islands. This tine species is distinguished in all its stages ol' growth by three widely separated fine squamate ridges radiating from the umbo, of a darker red tiut than the sur- rounding colour of the shell. It is of very irregular growth, sometimes depositing a series of basal laminae in the lower valve one over the other, and hermetically closing water in the chambers, in which state, often of great size, it is known to collectors by the name of the Water Spondylus. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) Sl'ONDYLUS CILIATUS. Spoiid. Ustd suhorbiciilari, lenui, convexo-diprtssd, liris eximiis radiald, liris spinis Iriiiiihiis .•iiibiiiPiiibraiiaceis longis erectis copiose acii- /,'ii/i.s, /h-nrihi/ i//lrrs/i/iis sitbtilissime dense striatis ; .\friiiiiiiieij-albd, purpiirascente sparsim pundatd. The ciliated Spondylus. Shell suborbicular, thin, convexly depressed, rayed with fine ridges, ridges copiously thorned with rather long, erect, thin, sub- membranaceous spines, interstices between the ridges very finely densely striated ; straw-tinged white, spa- ringly dotted with light purple. Bkoderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 5. Hab. Lord Hood's Island, Pacific Ocean (found on the reefs attached to a piece of coral) ; Cuming. Copiously ciliated throughout witii long erect spines, which are exceedingly tiiin and have a submembranaceous character. Species o. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus Gussoni. Spuiid. tesld ocali, subijibbusd, nm- boues versus subatieuimld, radiotiin slriald, striis mi- nute imbricatis ; alba. Gusson's Spondylus. Shell oval, rather gibbous, a little attenuated towards the umboes, radiately stri- ated, striae minutely imbricated ; white. Costa, Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. i. p. 87. Spoitdi/l/is minimus, Chemn. Spondylus albidus, Broderip. Ilab. ilediterraneaii. Of small gibbous size, with somewhat the aspect of a TercbraUda, attached mostly in groups. •S'pvndyliis ^ Ply II. Tmuero BToois Ix SPONDYLUS. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) SroNDYLus LEUCACANTHA. 5/jojirf. tcsld orhkulari, vel sitbtrigono-ovatd, crassiusculd, venirieosd, cosiis sex priHcipalibiiS radiatd, costis spinis squamatis elongaUs mbarcuatis inegularibus armatis, iuterstitiis minute imbricato-striatls, liris Iribus aculeato-squaniatis ; cro- ceo-rubrd vel vivide minio-rubrd, spinis albis. The white-spined Spondylus. Shell orbicular or somewhat triangularly ovate, rather thick, ventricose, rayed with six principal ribs, ribs armed with ii'regu- lar slightly arched elongated squaraate spines, inter- stices minutely imbricately striated, with three thorny squamate ridges ; yellowish-red or bright scarlet-red, spines white. BuoDERiP, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. .5. Hah. Island of La Plata, West Columbia. A very rare and beautiful species at once distinguished by its pure white areuately squamate spines springing out of a deep ochre or vermilion-red ground. the umbo. The shell is extremely irregular in growth, and the spines mostly terminate in a characteristic palmate contortion. Species 7. (^Mus. Cuming.) Spondylcs Sinensis. Spond. lesid sHblnyoHO-orbiciduri, depressinscidd, valde irreyulari, radiatim tiiuUistriatd et interdum cosfatd, profuse sqmmatd, sqmmis versus margineni magis numerosis et planipalmatis, et plus minus lateraliter contorlis ; spadiceo-carned, circa um- bonem pallide sanguineo nebulatd, interdum alba, pur- purea sparsim variegatd. The Chinese Spondylus. Shell somewhat triangularly orbieidar, rather depressed, very irregular, radiately many-striated and sometimes ribbed, profusely scaled, scales more numerous towards the margin and flatly palmated, and more or less twisted on one side; fawn-flesh, clouded with pale blood-colour about the umboes, sometimes white, sparsely variegated with purple. Sowerby, Thesaurus Couch, vol. i. p. 437. pi. 87. f. 32-34.. Hab. China. Distinguished by a peculiar fawn-flesh colour, with no marking except a little iuiut clouding of blood-smear about Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus yariegatus. Spond. testd suborbiculari, Pec- tiiiiformi, gibbosd, snbaquivalvi, radiatim cosfatd et striata, costis spinis longiusculis recitrvis armatis; albd, lineis atigulato-flexuosis purpureo-fuscis pictd. The variegated Spondylus. Shell somewhat orbicular, Pecten-shapcd, gibbous, nearly equivalve, radiately ribbed and striated, ribs armed with rather long re- curved spines ; white, painted with angulariy flexuous purple-brown lines. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. vii. pi. 45. f. 464. Eadem, Spondylus muricalus, Chemnitz. Ilab. Amboyna. A very characteristic feature in this species are the an- gularly flexuous purple-brown lines with which it is more or less profusely painted upon a white ground. The valves are nearly alike, and the spines mostly curved backwards. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus princeps. Spond. testd subrotundatd, crassd, interdum ponderosd, radiatim costatd et liratd, costis lirisque copiose squamato-spinosd, spinis valde irregu- lar ibus, nunc postice nunc ant ice distortis ; intense corallo-rnbrd. The prince Spondylus. Shell somewhat rounded, thick, sometimes ponderous, radiately ribbed ami ridged, ribs and ridges copiously squamately spined, spines very ii-rcgular, distorted sometimes in a poste- rior direction, sometimes anterioriy ; deep coral-red. Bboderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 4. Hab. Island of Plata, West Columbia (found attached to coral rocks at the depth of seventeen fathoms) ; Cu- ming. Chiefly distinguished from S. pictorum, to which it is neariy allied by the irregular laterally inclined contortions of the spines, and deep coral-red colour. January, 1856. Spondyhis,rlUIl ■mva^y -fiU'J"' ^i SPONDYLUS. Plate III. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus aur.intius. Spoiid. testa subcoittorto-ovatd, ventricosiusculd, racUaiim multicostatd, costis snperfi- ciariis, spinis hreviusculis acutis copiosi niuricatis ; viride ntirantid, circa umbonem alhd, imiuacidafd, plus minus denitdald. The orange Spondylus. Siiell somewhat twistedly ovate, rather ventricose, radiately many-ribbed, ribs superficial, copiously prickled with rather short sharp spines; bright orange, around the umboes unspotted white, more or less denuded of spines. Lamarck, Auim. sans vert. vol. vii. p. 190. Hal). Seychelle Islands. This well-known species is chiefly distinguished from its nearest ally S. Butleri, by the sharp curved prickly cha- racter and abimdance of the spines, and by the absence of marking in the vicinity of the umbo. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus multisetosus. Spend, testa ovatd, fenuicnid, irregtdari, radiatini dense striata et liratd, liris spinis tenuibns tirevibus armatis, et copiose mimite muricutis; purpurascente-carned, croceo undique plus minus ob- scure maculatd, circa umbonem smujuineo nebulutd, valde mnricatd. The many-bristled Spondylus. Shell ovate, rather thin, irregular, radiately densely striated and ridged, ridges armed with short tliia spines and copiously minutely prickled; purple -flesh, more or less ob- scurely spotted throughout with yellow, clouded with blood-smears, and very prickly about the umbo. Hah. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. It is a striking characteristic of this species to be every- where crowded with small prickles, iu addition to the prickly spines. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus mus. Spond. iestd triyono-orbiculari, gib- bosdy subirregulari, radiatini striata et liratd, liris sMistantibus, spinis longinscnlis, irregtdaribus, ad terminum coutorto-spathulatis sparsini armatd ; pur- purascente, Jdc illic saturate nebulatd, circa umbonem albd, spinis albis. The mouse Spondylus. Shell triangularly orbicular, gibbous, somewhat irregular, radiately striated and ridged, ridges rather distant, sparingly armed with rather long irregular spines, twistedly spathulate at the end ; light purple, here and there dark-clouded, white around the umbo, spines white. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Of swollen growth, distinguished by half-a-dozen prin- cipal ribs, out of which the spines spring in a peculiar contorted manner, and become spathulate at the extremity. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) bio\DYLU'5 gedaeopus Spo7id testd obloiigo oibicidan, lad/fif/ni denne sfiiatd et li/ala stim g)an%dato-as I I I s] iii(i\n iiiuiicatti spinis valde III it il Hic illic ti imcatis , uil hp III I juipmea vahd iiife- 1 101 1 alba, uui uutio pa> tiiii tmUa The ass's rooT Spondylls Shell oblong orbicular n diately densely striated and ridged, striK granularly roughened, ridges squamately spined and prickled, spines very irregular, promiscuously twisted, here and there truncated ; upper valve everywhere deep pur- ple, lower valve white, partially tinged with orange. L1NN.EUS, Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1136. Hub. Mediterranean. This well-known species has a very characteristic plan of sculpture, and is readily distinguished by its peculiar contrast of colouring ; the upper valve being of a uniform rich purple, whilst the lower valve is white, partially tinged with orange. Januarv, 185G. Spondvlus,Pl.IV. Ymccnt BrooV. Imj SPONDYLUS. Plate FV. Sjjecies 14. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus Butleri. Spond. lestd trigono-omtd, rndta- tim striata et Virata, liris versus marginem obsolelis, prope wmbonem oiscure squamato-miiricatis, delude spinosis, spinis siibnmptis, talis, pancis, promiscue con- tort is ; piirpiin-n-iiiijricanle, circa umbonem nebidatd, spinis r/n,/,' ti//,-ii,:iii.i. Butler's Sri>Miyi,i s. Shell triangularly ovate, radiately striated and ridged, ridges obsolete towards tUc iiiar- gin, obscurely squamately prickled near the umbo, then spined, spines rather large, broad, few, promis- cuously twisted ; purple-blackish, clouded around the umbo, spines bright orange. ffab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Uniformly distinguished from S. aurdutliis by its more regular Pecten-shape growth and blackish ground-colour- ing, and by the broad straggling character of the spines, which are much fewer in number and more distant. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus multimuric.\tus. Spond. testa ovatd, gib- bosd, suhrmli, irrn/nlari, rudintim dense elevato-stri- i///ie ariile sqiiiiiiiiild-iiinriciitis, spinis cop illide aid, striis undii^ paucis, brevibus, m/di- irriyiilni-ilinf: aurantid, circa iniiboni-in ulbd, purjii. latd. The m.\.ny-pi!1ckled Spondylus. Shell ovate, some- what gibbous, rather rude, irregular, radiately densely elevately striated, strias everywhere sharply squa- mately prickled, with a few short very irregular spines ; bright scarlet -orange, white, faintly spotted with purple around the umbo. Ilab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. A shell of somewhat rude growth, of a bright scarlet- orange colour throughout, everywhere covered with mi- nute prickly scales, iuterspersod with a few irregular short spines. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus bakbatus. Spond. testa subtriijouo-ovatd, radiitfivi conspiciic lirntd et striata, liris sqnarn,ato- 'innncdlix, rersns i.iniujiiirui dense spinosis, spinis nunc anr/nsf/s, pun-is, nunc lute squamato-spathidatis,varie contortis ; pallide spadiced, carneo-roseo plus minus tinctd, prope umbonetn intense rnfo sparsini pnnctatd. The bearded Spondylus. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, radiately conspicuously ridged and striated, ridges squamately prickled, densely spined towards the margin, spines now narrow, small, now broadly squamately spatbulate, variously twisted ; light fawn- colour, more or less stained with flesh-rose, sparingly dotted near the umbo with deep red. Ilab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Of the same peculiar typical character as S. Sinensis, from which it differs, nevertheless, specifically in detail of sculpture. The spines are of a curiously mixed kind, some being small and narrow, others broadly squamately spathulate and contorted. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus Ajiericanus. Spond. lestd ocafd, nunc Pec- tiniformi, nunc rude ijibbosd, radiatim striatd et liratd, liris se.v principalibus squamato-spiinosis, spinis inter- dnni lonffis, ad termitium foliaceo-palmatis, liris parvis infermediis plus minus muricatis ; alba, circa umbo- nem pnrpureo- vel coccineo-rufd. The American Spondylus. Shell ovate, sometimes Pecten-shaped, sometimes rudely gibbous, radiately striated and ridged, six principal ridges squamately spined, spines sometimes long and foliaceously pal- mated at the end, ridges small, more or less prickly ; white, purple or scarlet-red around the umbo. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vii. p. 185. Eadcm. Spondylus arac/enoides, lont/ispina, et aricularis, Lamarck. Ilab. Hennudas. This well-known species varies extremely in growth, being sometimes rudely gibbously formed, with the spines crowded and irregular, as in the specimen here figured, sometimes with the spines fewer and more regular, and much longer. January, 1856. Sprndv/n.^.PlY. -^i^-^ ^' SPONDYLUS, Plvte V. Species IS. (Fig. u, 4, Mus, Cuuiiiig.) Spondylus PLUKispiNOsis. Spoiid. testa ovaid, radia- tim mhobscure liratd, liris profuse spinosk, spinis at- tetiiiatls pralongk, Idc ilUc promiscue curvatis, spinis circa mnbonevi numerosis, minutis; Candida, circa umbonern, fmco-nigro ptmctaid, spinis interduni vivicle aurantiis. The many-spined Spondylus. Shell ovate, radiately somewhat obscurely ridged, ridges profusely spined, spines attenuated, very long, here and there ])romis- cuously curved, spines around the umbo numerous, minute ; white, dotted around the umbo with brown- black, spines sometimes bright orange. Encyclope'die Methodique, pi. 194. f. 1. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuniiiig. This species, it will be seen, is quite distinct from S. auraHtius, the spines being more delicately attenuated and much more numerous, while the shell is chai-acterized in the young state by a multitude of fine prickles, interspersed at the base with brown-black s])ots. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) Spo.N'DYLUs CROCEUS. SpO'iid. Icstd ovutd, veutricosd, valvis sicbfeqimlibus, rude irregulariter costati-s, costis retusis, Idc illic squamatis, squamis brevibiis, latiuscu- Us, valde irrec/ularibus, interdum spatlmlads ; undiqv.e rivide aurantid-croced. The yellow Spo.xdylus. Shell ovate, ventricose, valves nearly equal, rudely irregularly ribbed, ribs blunt, here and there squamate, scales short, rather broad, very irregular, sometimes spathulate, every whci-e bright orange-yellow. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. 7. p. 77. pi. -15. f. l-G:! llab. Moluccas. A shell of somewhat gibbous growth, rudely spathu- lately scale-spined, of a uniform rich orange-yellow colour throughout. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) Spokdylus kegius. Spoiid. testd ovatd, ventricosd, valcis aquaUlus, radiatim costatis ttt liratis, liris miuuti (inilrulo-squaiiialis, costis spinis solidis longissimis ariiKilis. iircii curdinali pared; purpurasceHle-rosed, spinis iiiterdniii albidis. The royal Spondylus. Shell ovate, ventricose, valves equal, radiately ribbed and ridged, ridges minutely prickly scaled, ribs armed with very long solid spines, cardinal area small ; purple-rose, spines sometimes whitish. LiNX.EUS, Syst. Nat. (12th edition), p, 113tJ. Hab. Sooloo Islands ; Cuming. This fine species, admirably figured by Chemnitz, is of deep ventricose growth, with the valves of equal form and of similar sculpture. It is of a rich purple rose-colour, with the spines sometimes inclining to white. Februarv, 1850. S/H'in/' //'■': /'■ '/. SPONDYLUS. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) Sfondylus flabellum. Spond. lestd late trirjond^Jlahel- Uformi, suitus eoncavo-pland, supra radiatim ohscuri liratd, lirk priticipaUhm pecuUariter rude, brevisqiia- matis, sguamu Idc illic plus minus obsoletis, ared car- dinali perampld; pnrpwrascente-rufd. The little fan Spondylus. Shell broadly triangular, fan-shaped, concavely flattened beneath, radiately obscurely ridged above, principal ridges pecidinrly rudely short-scaled, scales here and there more or less obsolete, cardinal area very large ; purple-red. Hah. ? Characterized in all its stages of development by a pe- culiar fan-shaped growth, and by a stunted character of sculpture on the radiating ridges. Species 32. (ilus. Cuming.) Spondylus candidus. Spond. tesld suborhiculari, valde irregulari, ared cardinali latimculd, radiatim liratd, liris rudibus, subflexmsis, gemmato-imbricatis, inter- stitiis striatis ; candidd, carneo-tinctd, liris interdum vivide roseis. The white Spondylus. Shell somewhat orbicular, very irregular, cardinal area rather broad, radiately ridged, ridges rude, rather flexuous, bead-imbricated, inter- stices striated ; white, flesh-tinged, ridges sometimes bright rose. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vii. p. 185. Hab. Australia. Lord Hood's Island ; Cuming. The name given to this species, from iliscoloured speci- mens, is rather an unfortunate one, the ridges being cha- racterized in fine examples by a particularly bright rose colour. The ridges, which are of an extremely irregular j flexuous growth, are delicately begemmed throngho with close-set imbrications. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus tenuispinosus. Sp07ul. testd orbiculari, sub- tm concavd, conspictie spinosd et spathulato-squamatd, stipra pland, radiatim mnltistriatd et liratd, liris pro- fuse spinosis, spinis plerumque mimitis, pecuUariter erectis; alba, valvd superiori nurantio-roseo varie tinctd et maculatd. The fine-spined Spondylus. Shell orbicular, concave beneath, conspicuously spined and spathulately scaled, flat above, radiately many-striated and ridged, ridges profusely spined, spines generally minute, peculiarly erect ; white, upper valve variously stained and spotted with orange-rose. SowERBY, Thesaurus Conch, vol. i. p. 421. pi. 87. f 37. Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines ; Cuming. Covered with a multitude of delicate prickly spines, pe- culiarly erect in their development. Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus pjctorum. Spond. lestd triijuiM-ooatd, ra- diatim costatd, costis sex priiicijw/ibus furliler lingu- lato-spino-us, interstitiis se.ccostatis, cot/is jjarci-t, breei- ■spinosis ; vivide aurantio-riifd. The painters' Spondylus. Shell triangularly ovate, radiately ribbed, six principal ribs strongly lingularly spined, interstices six-ribbed, ribs small, short-spined ; bright orange-red. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. vii. p. 94. pi. (J'J f tl, V. Spondylus crassisquamatus, Lamarck. Spondylus dubius, Broderip. Hab. Island of Plata, West Columbia (ibuud attached to coral rocks at the depth of seventeen fathoms) ; Cuming. Two very characteristic features in this fine species are the regularity of its plan of sculpture, and its rich orange- red colour. February, 18.5G. .Spondylufi, Pi . ill. '/"**-' ^' "Kncmt Bro„W. Imi. SPONDYLUS, Species 25. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus foliaceus. Spond. testa, orbicularis valdi (jihhom, valvis siibaqualilius, radiatim costatd, costis latis, obtims, subsuperjiciariis, lonffiticdinaliter siilca- tis, sex principalibus spinosis, spuds interdum distauti- htts prcelongis, interdum brevioribus, pitkherrimi fivi- briato-spathulatis ; albidd,purpura»ce)ite-rospO plus mi- nus vivide pietd. The foliated Spondylus. Shell orbicular, very gib- lious, valves nearly equal, radiately ribbed, ribs broad, obtuse, somewhat superficial, longitudinally grooved, six principal ribs spinous, spines sometimes distant, very long, sometimes shorter and beautifully fimbri- ately spathulate ; whitish, more or less vividly painted with purple-rose. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. vii. p. S5. pi. 4(1. f. 472,473. Spoudylns midlilamellatus, Lamarck. Spondylus Petroselinum, Sowerby. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. This species, of which a very characteristic figure ap- pears in Chemnitz' ' Conchylien Cabinet,' is finished with large distant spines, sometimes beautifully fimbriately spathulate at the extremitv. Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus ducalis. Spoud. testa triyoiiu-ovatd, valvis subeequalibits, radiatim dense serrato-striatis, costis sex principalibus siiperfciariis, sqnamis amplis spathulatis iviij'erli,,! n-y II I artier iirnmtis ; squamis alhis, niriis i/i- lersUtialiljus candeo-uiyro tinctis vt p2(iictatis. The ducal Spondylus. Shell triangularly ovate, valves nearly equal, radiately densely serrately striated, six principal ribs superficial, closely regularly armed with large scales ; scales white, interstitial striw stained and dotted with blue-black. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. vii. p. 89. pi. 47. f 477, 47.S, Spondylus spatayus, Chemnitz. Spondylus spatltuliferus, Lamarck. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Variable rather in growth, but always distinguisheil by the contrast of the rows of white scales upon the blue-grev ground of the interstices. Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus lingua-felis. Spond. testa oblonyo-ovutd, depressinscnld, spinis prirvis brevibus, subsquamulatis, inidiipti- ite,t>,r ,,' , ./,N , ii'xro-aurantid, circa uinlio- uem iiilrntii,,, , , ; .. • -rnseo tinctd. The cat's-toxi.i 1 ^iw,M,iirs. Shell oblong-ovate, I'ather depressed, everywhere densely prickled with small short subsquamate spines ; brownish-orange, sometimes tinged with purple-rose around the nmbd. SowEHBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1847. Hab. ? Curiously distinguished by its flat-spread oblong growtii, prickled throughout with small close-set spines. Spvmlyhus.Pl. VIII. ^:^^^'i^^ Vmcejit Broolcs Imp SFONDYLUS. Plate VIII Species :J8. (Mus. Cumiug.) Sponuvlus impeeialis. Spond. testa trigono-ovatd, sub- mwpremi, valvia mpmlibus, radiathn, crebricostatd, .',',. s, ^„ ;,,.■,, ,'/,',,v,v longkp'mosis, spinis fortibm ; ' -> , . / riroatatis, costis squamis acutii ,/' , v" ,.,■,. , ■:■,: . I-' , •-ranicu. TnK IMPERIAL Sfoxdvlus. Shell triangularly ovate, rather compressed, valves equal, radiately closely ribbed, six principal ribs long-spined, spines strong, appressed, interstices three-ribbed, ribs densely set with sharp prickly scales ; rose-flesh colour. C;he.\u, Couch. Illus. p. G. pi. 26. f. 2, 3. Hub. China. This very beautiful, but not uncommon species, is very closely allied to S. regius, and is characterized by the same plan of sculpture, but the shell is uniformly more com- pressed, and the prickly scales of the interstitial ribs more sharply developed. Species 29. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus zoNALis. Spotid. testa ovatd, vatde irregn- luri, profuse radiatim liratd, liris plus mimis obsoletis rude Jlexnosis, brevisquamatis, squamis irregulariter acideatis, cuca umlonem magis aculeatis ; alba, nigro- punctatd, deinde purpurea autfusco conceutrice zonatd, squamis interdum aurantio-luteis. The zoned Spondylus. Shell ovate, very irregular, profusely radiately ridged, ridges more or less obso- lete, rudely flexuous, shori-scaled, scales u-rcgularly prickly, more prickly round the umbo ; white, black- spotted, then concentrically zoned with ])urple ov brown, scales sometimes orange-yellow. Chenu, Illus. Conch, pi. 7. f. 3 and 1. Spondylus Iterinaceus, Chenu. Hub. Mauritius, Australia, and Philippine Islands, Of rude flexuous growth, promiscuously bristleil throughout with irregular short prickly scales. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus Lamarckii. Spotid. testa ovatd, Fectirdformt radiatim costatd, costis obtusis, subdistani bus, rude Jiexuosis, lavibus, aculeis parv/s perpaucis prope miibonem ; c,'iuhln.s. PI. X SPONDYLUS. Species 35. (Fig. n, h, Mus. Cuming.) Si'OXBYLfS Cu.MiNoli. Hpond. testa suborhiadari, de- prcmusciila, radiotha dome imbiicato-liratd, costis iiamque principalibus subdidantibus, costis spiiiosis, Hpiitk longia, fortibns, inlerduni palmath, ad latera pi-cid'mrUi'r jimbriata ; aurnntio-rufd. ('i-Mi\r,'s Spondylus. Shell nearly orbicular, rather depressed, radiately densely imbricately ridged with five principal rather distant ribs, ribs spined, spines long, strong, sometimes palmated, curiously fimbri- ated at the sides ; orange-red. SowLKHV, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. SG. Hah. Japan. Thi* species, which is inliuiately allied to the S. rwjim and imperiaUs, is beautifully characterized by a peculiar tiinbriated structure along the sides of the spines. Species 'id. (Mus. Cuuiing.) SvoxDYLUS CAMURUS. Spoiid. iestd siibtrii/oiui, irrci/ii- luri, depressd, 7-adicdim costatd, contis rude squamcdis, squaittis erectia, interstit'ds imbricato-striatis ; cal- careo-albd, kic ilUc purpureo-violaceo tinctd et macii- hdd. Thk CRUMl'LED Sl'OMDYLUS. Shell somewhat triangular, irregular, depressed, radiately ribbed, ribs rudely scaled, scales erect, interstii-es imbricately striated ; chalk-white, here and there stained and spotted with purple-violet. Hab. Philippiue Islands ; Cuming. Of white chalk-like aspect, stained here and there with purple-violet, irregular in growth, rayed with rows of short erect scale-like spines. Species 37. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus unicolor. Spond. testa SKbob/iqite Irigond, snbrrqiiicaki, cram, va/de gibbosd, radiatim costatd et lirald, costis lirisque rudibtis, irregulanbits, pru- Mixciie obtuse sqtiamatis, squamis depresse palniatis ; iidetise corallo-rnbrd. The one-colodred Spondylus. Shell somewhat ob- liquely triangular, nearly equivalve, thick, very gib- bous, radiately ribbed and ridged, ribs and ridges ruue, irregular, promiscuously obtusely scaled, scales depressly palmate; deep coral-red. SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 86. I Hab. ? A solid gibbous shell, nearly equivalve, of rather oblique growth, beset with four or five rows of irregular distortedly palmated scales, the intermediate ridges being sculptured I with smaller scales, more crowded towards the margin. .May, 13.56. Spr,uh/n,',P/.IL '^ ^ Sow«l-g di-l ^ ]ll} Vmc^lft Brofi;! SPONDYLUS. Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus gilvus. Sponcl. testa SHblrifjono-ovatd, rnrfr globosd, racliatim supKifivialiter lirnfn, Uris (jiialiiur distantibus obsolete obtuse sqtmniatis ; it/fei/se Jlcid"- rufd, versus mnbonem coceined. The beick-colouued Spondylu.s, Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, rudely globose, radiately superfi- cially ridged, four distant ridges obsoletely obtusely scaled ; deej) livid red, scarlet towards the umbo. Hah. Guadaloupe. A rude gibbous species, of a deep livid purplish-red, almost denuded of sculpture beyond the traces of four row.^ of obtuse worn scales. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus euinaceus. Sjjuud. testa gibboso-globosd . mbaquivaled, radiatini temdUratd, Uris crenulatis, costis quinqiie principalibus in utrd valvd, squamis erectis palmatis irregularibus dense vwuilis ; r/i/ex- cente-croced, squamis saturate rujis. The hedgehog Spondylus. Shell gibbously globose, nearly equivalve, radiately finely ridged, ridges erenu- lated, with five principal ribs in both valves, beset with irregular erect palmate scales ; ridges yellow, scales darker red. JIab. West Indies. A nearly equivalve shell, of a peculiar reddish-saffron colour, characterized on both sides with five rows of erect reddish scales. Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus ictericus. Spotid. testa obloiigo-omtd, valvd iiiferiori valde coiivexd, superiori snbplanatd, radiatini tenniliratd, Uris quatuor principalibus subdistanlibus, sparsim squamatis ; croceo-rvfd, ad mnbonem maculatd. The jaundiced Spondylus. Shell oblong-ovate, lower valve deeply convex, upper valve nearly flat, radiately finely ridged, four principal ridges rather distant, sparsely scaled ; yellowish-red, spotted at the uinl)o. Ilab. Bermuda. Of a peculiar gamboge-red colour, with little indication of sculpture. Species 41. (Mus. Cumiug.) Spondylus basilicus. Spond. testa suborbiculari, sub- depressd, valvd superiori convexd, radiatim liratd et strlofd, squamis frondosis profuse ornatd ; intense pur- jmrasceute-rufd. The princely Spondylus. Shell suborbicular, rather depressed, up])cr valve convex, radiately ridged and striated, profusely beset witii frondose scales ; deep purple-red. Hah. ? This shell, which was priiiceps, is well charact growth, spiues. sidered to be a variety of 5'. id by its depressly convex by the peculiar frondose development of the Sporuhln.s .Pl.Xn. Vincent Brooks' Im]; SPONDYLUS. Species 4)3. (Mus. Cuming.) SpoNDVLUS HYSTKix. Sjioud. lestd ovatd, radiatim UraU'l et striata, spinis curvaiis longiuseuUs undique dense muricatd; parpurascente-carned, ad umbonem suhma- ctdatd. Thf. porcupine Spondylus. Sliell ovate, radiately ridped and striated, densely prickled throughout with rather long curved spines ; purplish flesh-colour, slightly mottled at the umbo. Hah. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Armed as profusely with rather long curved spines as .■?. aurantius, but uniformly distinguished amongst other ciinracters by its peculiar purple flesh-colour. Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus ocellatus. Spond. testa oblique ovatd, vakd superiori planimculd, radiatim multistriatd, striis un- dique acute muricatis ; alba, versus margineni rufes- cente-cinered, prope iimboneiii ferrugineo-nigro ocel- latu. The eyed Spondylus. Shell obliquely ovate, upper valve rather flat, radiately many-striated, stria; every- where sharply prickled ; white, reddish-ash towards the margin, ocellated with rusty-black near the umbo. Huh. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Of rather oblique growth, delicately sculptured through- out with sharp erect prickles. Species tt. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus coccineus. Spond. iestd oblique orhiculari, tenuiculd, radiatim temdliratd et striatd, undique pro- fuse muricatd; albd, versus marginem coccineo-pur- purascente tinctd, ad umbonem maculis couspicue ra- diutd. The crimson-dyed Spondylus. Shell obliquely or- bicular, rather thin, radiately finely ridged and stri- ated, everywhere profusely prickled ; white, stained with crimson-purple towards the margin, eouspicu- ously rayed with spots from the umbo. Lamarck, Anim. sans. vert. vol. vii. p. 18S. Hah. Philippine Islands ; Cumiug. A delicately prickled species, chiefly characterized by its purple-stained and rayed painting. Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus asperrimus. Spond. testd plano-coHvexd, dense radiatim liratd, liris undique aculeatis ; carneo-fuscd, aIbd,rvfo-maculatd prope um- bonem, aculeis interdmn albidis. The very rough Spondylus. Shell triangularly ovate, flatly convex, densely radiately ridged, ridges every- where sharply prickled ; flesh-brown, white, spotted with red next the umbo, prickles sometimes whitish. SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 87. Hub. Philippine Islands ; Cumiug. Very closely finely ridged throughout, the ridges being copiously beset with sharp prickles. SpcnMisJ'/.IIU. rhf 3A a ]«li ^ftncent Brooks Irop SPONDYLUS. Plate XIII. Species 46. (.Mus. Cuiuiiig.) Spondyli's longitudinalis. Spoiid. testa oblongo-ovald, crassi/iscuM, dense cosiaict et lirata, liris muricato- spinosh, codis confertim rude sqnamatis, squamis erec- tk, coticavis ; purpureo-nhldd, sqnmms pullidi s/ra- rdiiieis. The longitudinal Spondylus. Shell oblong-ovate, rather tliick, densely ribbed and ridged, ridges prickly spined, ribs closely rudely scaled, scales erect., con- cave ; purple-red, scales pale straw-colour. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vii. p. li)0. Spond'i/lns 7nuUila»u'lhitm, Cheiiu. Hab. West Indies. It is impossible to determine which is the species La- marck had in view for his S. longitudinaUs, either by his description or reference to Chemnitz. The shell here figured having been selected by INIr. Sowerby as the type of S. longitudinalk, it may, in this state of uncertainty, be fairly retained. Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus castus. Spond. testa depresse ovatd, versus nmljoncm sttbatteimatd, radiatim liratd et siriatd, liris longis plano-depressis copiose armatis ; Candida, ma- culisferrugineo-fuscisprope umhouem radiatim tinetd. The chaste Spondylus. Shell depressly ovate, rather attenuated towards the umbo, radiately ridged and striated, ridges copiously armed with long slightly depressed spines ; wiiite, stained near the umbo with rays of rust-brown spots. Ifa'j. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. A delicate profusely spined species, distinguished by the thinly iiattened structure and depressed position of the spines. Species 48. (olim Mus. Sowerby.) Spondylus fragilis. Spond. testa tenui, ovali, teiuiis- sii/ie striaid, auricuUs panis ; sqnamis erectis, tenuis, niat/erosis, palmatis, subdivisis 2>sr series sex pricipa- libus, alternis minoribus, acideatis dispositis ; inters/ i- tiis imbricatis ; colore paUidissinie fulvd, prope uni- bonem macnlis fuscis interrtiptim radiato, ad interstiliis piinctato, ad squamas roseo-tincto : imlrd inferiori nculeatd, inter spinas scabrlcnld. The fragile Spondylus. Shell thin, oval, very finely striated, auricle small; scales erect, thin, numerous, pahnated, subdivided in six principal rows, alter- nately smaller, prickly ; interstices imbricated ; very light fulvous, interruptedly rayed near the umbo with brown spots, dotted at the interstices, stained with rose at the scales ; lower valve jirickly, rough between the spines. SowEKBY, Thesaurus Conch, vol. i. p. 43(j. Hah. ? The accompanying figure is enlarged from a reduced representation, in Sowerby's ' Thesaurus Conehyliorum,' of a shell formerly in the collection of the late Mr. G. 15. Sowerby, Sen. The description is also quoted from the same work. Fig. 31 /a (Mus. Cuming.) A fine adult specimen of S.fiahellmn tigiu-ed at PI. \'i. in a young state. ,S//i'/n/i///s./'/..]'/V. Av del etliA Vmcent Brocks Im],. SPONDYLUS. Plate XIV. Species 49. (llus. Cuming.) Spondylus spectrum. Sponcl. testa trigono-ovatd, irre- gidari, radiatim tenuUiraid, liris aculeis tirevibus an- fjidatis promisciie armatis ; alba, versus ntarginem fused inter liras, circa umbonem nigra maculatd. The spectre Spondylus. Shell triangularly ovate, ii-re- !;ular, radiately finely ridged, ridges promiscuously armed with short angular prickles ; white, brown towards the margin between the ridges, spotted with black ai-ound the umbo. Hab. PhOippine Islands; Cuming. Of a rude triangularly ovate form, rayed with fine I'idges, beset throughout with short angular prickles, which towards the margins become more dense and ap- pressed one upon the other. Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus Nicobaeicus. Sjjond. testa ocatd, concexo- d^pressd, radiatim striata, aculeis erectis imdique ar- mald ; alhd, purpureo-fusco partim tincld, circa um- bonem maculis purpureo-iiigris radiatd. The Nicobar Spondylus. Shell ovate, couvexly de- pressed, radiately striated, beset throughout mth erect prickles ; white, partially stained with purple- brown, rayed with purple-black spots round the umbo. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. vii. pi. 45. f. 469, 470. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Covered throughout with short erect prickles, and rayed iu a characteristic manner with purple-black spots. Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus ramosus. Spoud. testa ovatd, siibdepressd, subirregulari, radiatim tenuiliratd, liris spiuis ramosis 07-i/atis ; vivide croceo-aurantid. The branched Spondylus. Shell ovate, rather de- pressed, somewhat u-regidar, radiately finely ridged, ridges ornamented with branched spiues ; bright saffron-orange. Hab. West Indies. Chiefly distinguished by the elegantly branched growth of most of the spines. Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus radula. Spond. testd ovatd, radiatim tenui- liratd, liris subdistantibus, iuterstitiis striatis, dense promiscue ramoso-spinosd ; cariieo-albidd, purpureo- rufo plus minus tincld . The rasp Spondylus. Shell ovate, radiately finely ridged, ridges rather distant, striated in the inter- stices, densely promiscuously branch-spined ; flesh- white, more or less stained with purple-red. Hab. Tehuantepec, West Mexico ; Captain Dare. The leading characteristic feature of this species is a dense promiscuous covering of spines, some small and prickly, others palmately branched. May, 185(5. Sprin/vUs-.H.B'. SPONDYLUS. Plate XV. Spccif;s 53. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus setiger. Sponcl. iestd ovatd, coiivcxo-ile- pressd, radiatim Virata, liris fortiter spinosis, spiiiii valde irregularihus, subconcentrice disposiiis ; rubido- f/iscd, circa nmbonerii albd, savguineo-macidatd. The bristled Spondylus. Shell ovate, convexly de- pressed, radiately ridged, ridges strongly spiucd, very irregular, spines an-anged somewhat concen- trically ; ruddy brown, white, blood-spotted, about the umbo. Hal). Philipi)iue Islands. Of a peculiar ruddy brown colour, ornamented with strong very irregular spines, ranged somewhat concentri- cally. Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus electrum. S^iond. tedd suborbiculari, con- vexo-depressd, radiatim tenuilirald et striata, liris wn- ricato-spinosit, spinis niinierosis, parvis ,• r/ifisce/ifc- aurantid, spinis saturalioribus. The amber Spondylus. Shell suborbicular, convexly depressed, radiately finely ridged and striated, ridges prickly spined, spines numerous, small; reddish- orange, spines darker in colour. Hab. V\est Indies. k delicate conxexly depressed orbicular species, rayed with very flue ridges of smaU prickly spines, the whol' being of a semitransparent amber-orange colour. Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus imbutus. Spond. testd suborbiculari, irregv- lari, vix striata, rude aculeatd et squamatd, sqnamk palmato-ramosis, d^presse curvotis ; intense purpurea- r„fd. The dyed Spondylus. Shell suborbicular, in-egular, scarcely striated, rudely prickled and scaled, scales palmately branched, depressly curved ; deep purple- red. Hab. ? A shell of somewhat rude growth, of a deep burnt-red colour, armed with a few fine prickles and palmately branched scales, depressly bent forwards. Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus cuneus. Spond. testd oblongo-ovatd, radia- tim liratd et striata, liris snbconfertis, irregularibus, widiqiie promiscue spinosis; purpureo-riifd. The wedge Spondylus. Shell oblong-ovate, radiately ridged and striated, ridges rather close-set, irregulai-, promiscuously spined throughout ; purple-red. Hab. West Indies. Of a characteristic purple-red colour, beset rather closely with irregularly spined ridges. spcuMus. pim. l.-'' SPONDYLUS. Fig. 28 b. (Mus. Cuming.) The very elegant shell here represented is a white va- riety of S. iniperialis, in which the spines are unusually elongated. 57. (Mus. Cuming.) SpoNDYLUS viOLACEUS. Sjiotid. testd nubtrigono-ovatd, solidiusculd, gibbosa, radiatim Uratd et striata, liris spinis brevibm fortibtm subdistatitibus armatk ; nlbidd, pttrpurascente-violaceo plus minus tinctd. The violet Spondylus. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, rather solid, gibbous, radiately ridged and striated, ridges armed with short strong rather dis- tant spines; whitish, more or less tinged with purple- violet. Hab. ? A rather solid gibbous Pecten-shaped shell, armed at distant intervals with spines, peculiarly short and strong. 58. (Mus. Cuming.) SroNDYLUs USTULATUS. 5^;oKf7. testd ovatd, densl radia- tim Uratd, liris priiicipalibus plam-sqimmaiis, squamis spatkulatis, tmmerosis, regularibus, liris intermediis tenuispimsis ,• intense nstulato-riibidd, infra squamas The burnt Spondylus. Shell ovate, densely radiately ridged, the principal ridges flatly scaled, scales spa- thulate, numerous, regular, intermediate ridges finely spined ; rich burnt-red, white beneath the scales. Ilab. Bermudas. Chiefly distinguished by its regular rows of flat spa- thulate scales, the shell being of a rich burnt-red colour, except at the root of the scales, where it is white. Species 59. (JIus. Cuming.) Spondylus vexillum. Spond. testd subtrigono-ovatd, planiuscttld, radiatim Uratd, liris distantibus, squa- mis spathulatis armatd, interstitiis tenuistriatis, spar- sitn. spinosis ; rufescente-spadiced, sangvineo circa uni- bonem undnlatd. The flag Spondylus. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, rather flat, radiately ridged, ridges distant, armed with spathulate scales, interstices finely stri- ated, sparsely spined ; reddish-fawn, waved with blood-red round the umbo. Hab. Of a peculiar reddish-fawn tint of colour, rayed with distant rows of spathulate scales, the interstices between which are loosely set with prickly spines. June, 1856. Sprmhlu.s.Pl.XTff. SPONDYLUS. Species 60. (Miis. Cuming.) Spondylus eubicundus. Sjjotid. testa oblowjo-omtd, ra- diatim tenuiliratd, liris suhrudibus, acute spinosis, spinis valde irrecjularih'UH, breviitscidis, curvntis ; vivide coccineo-ruhrd. The kouged Spondylus. Shell oblong-ovate, radiately finely ridged, ridges somewhat rude, sharply spined, spines very irregular, rather short, curved ; bri^lit crimson red. Hab. Philippine Islands. Characterized by an oblong-ovate form, crowded with rather small rude ridges, sparsely furnished with shcnt irregular curved spines. Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus fragum. Spond. testa ovatd, pectini/ormi, radiatim liratd et striatd, liris spinosis, spinis forli- bus, suberectis, striis eximie mwricatis ; fuscesce/i/t'- rosed, veisus umboneni albidd, nigra cocciiieoqiie pmic- tatd, spinis et aculeis albis. The str.^wberey Spondylus. Shell ovate, pecteii- shaped, radiately ridged and striated, ridges spined, spines strong, rather erect, strife delicately prickled ; brownish rose, whitish towards the umbo, dotted with black and scarlet, spines and prickles white. Hab. Philippine Islands. Distinguished by a peculiar tone and pattern of colour- ing, rayed with alternate rows of white spines and prickles. Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus afpinis. Spond. testa subtriz/ouo-omtd, ra- diatim costatd, cosiis subdistantibus, sr/immis lonyins- culi.'i, promisc/ie contortis, arnw/is, iniersiifiis qidmiue- seriatim mwricatis; ftiscescente-ptcrpiovd, circa kiu- bonem rosea punctata, squamis albis. The allied Spondylus. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, radiately ribbed, ribs rather distant, armed with rather long promiscuously twisted scales, in- terstices with five rows of prickles ; brownish-purple, dotted with rose about the umbo, scales wbit-e. flab. Phihppine Islands. Tills species has very much the appearance of -S'. a/bt- barbatus, the scales being similarly white upon a dark ground, which in the present species has a more purple tone, while the umbo is rose-spotted. The chief diiference is in the more rudely angular form of this shell. Species 63. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus aculeatus. Spond. testa oblongo-ovatd, valde irreyulari, radiatim tenuistriatd, scfimnis rudibns dense obsitd; purpurascente-rubrd, squamis albis. The prickly Spondylus. Shell oblong-ovate, very ir- regular, radiately finely striated, densely beset with rude scales ; purple-red, scales white. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. vii. p. 74. pi. 44. f. i6U Hab. ? Mr. Sowerby refers the shell here represented to tli( above-cited figure of Chemnitz, but it does not agree with it satisfactorily. June, 1856. H SiMVLdciln.s riXllll V'iiiwni. Brooss-Oav 5 SPONDYLUS. Fig. -HO. (Mus. Cumin-.) A variety of .5^. coccineus, showing the purple-rayc painting and prickly margin. Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus nux. Spond. testa sxihcjloJiom, quinqueUratd et striata, liris squamatis, squamis late ramose sjiatJiii- latis et foriiicatis ; saturate corallo-rubrd. Thk nut Spondylus. Shell subglobose, five-ridged and striated, ridges scaled, scales broadly ramosely spa- f hulnte and vaulted ; deep coral-red. Hah. ? A small dark coral-red species, in which the scales, few in number, are broadly ramosely spatbulate and elegantly vaulted. •Species 65. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; fig. b, Mus. Hanley.) SpoNBYLUS MICKOLEPOS. Spoiul. testd ovatd, irregulari, radiatim liratd et striatd, liris striisque gemmatis, versus margiitem retu-se brevisquamatis ; vivide corallo- rubrd. The small-scaled Spondylus. Shell ovate, irregular, radiately ridged and striated, ridges and strise beaded, bluntly short-scaled towards the margin ; bright coral-red. Lamakck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vii. p. 190. Hab. China. The radiating ridges and striae of this species are dis- tinguished by a peculiar short-scaled blunt beaded sculp- t\u-e, which differs from that of all other species of the 2,enus. Species 66. (Mus. Cuming.) •Spondylus Layakdi. Sjmiid. testa irigono-ovatu, irregu- lari, radiatim dvim striata, vi.r liratd, sparsim mu- ricato-squamatd ; iiitiiisi- purpurea, versus uuibouem nll/idd. Layard's Spondylus. Shell triangularly ovate, irre- gular, radiately densely striated, scarcely ridged, sparsely prickly scaled ; dark purple, whitish towards the umbo. Hah. Ceylon. A dark purple species, of rather thin substance and irregular growth, densely striated and sparsely prickly scaled. Species 67. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus tenellus. Spond. testd ovatd, radiatun teuuiliratd, interstitiis minute striatis, liris eximii brevisquamatis ; cocciueo-rufd, squamis pallidis. The delicate Spondylus. Shell ovate, finely radiately ridged, the interstices minutely striated, ridges deli- cately shortly scaled ; scarlet-rose, scales pale. Eab. ? The sculpture of this species is of a characteristic mi- nute pattern, and the colouriug of almost transparent de- licacy. Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.) Spondylus dioitatus. Spond. testd late ovatd, radiatim liratd, I Iris acideis tenuibm et squamis peculiariter trifurcathu ramosis dense obsitis ; aurantio-mfd, squa- mis interdum luteo-tinctis. The fingered Spondylus. Shell broadly ovate, radi- ately ridged, ridges densely beset with fine prickles and peculiarly three-forked branched scales ; orange- red, scales sometimes tinged with yellow. SowEEBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 18-17, p. 87. Hah. Bermudas; Belcher. Remarkably distinguished from all other species of the <;enus by the pretty three-forked termiuatiuu of the scales. June, 1856. SPONDYLUS. aculeatus, Chemnllz affiuis, Reeve albibarbatus, Reeve alhidus, Broderip . . Amcricanus, Lamarck arachuoides, Lamarck aspirrimus, Sowerby aui'antius, Lamarck amcidaris, Lamarck barbatus, Reeve . . . basilieus, Reeve . . . Butleri, Reeve .... camurus, Reeve . . . caudidus, Lamarck castus, Reeve ciliatus, Broderip . . cocciueus, Lamarck crassisquamatus, Lam; croceus, Cliemnit: Cumingii, Sowerhy cuneus, Reeve . . . Delemertll, Chenu digitatus, Sowerby ihdn.H^, Bi-oderip . ducalis, CJiemnitz . electrum. Reeve . . erinaceus, Reeve . flabellura, Reeve . . foliaceus, Chemnitz I'ragilis, Sowerby . fragum, Reeve . . . gilvus. Reeve .... Gussoui, Costa . . . gffidaropus, Linncevs //erinaceus, Chenu liystris, Reeve . . . ictericus. Reeve . . imbutus, Reeve . imperialis, Chenu Lamarckii, Chemi Layardi, Reeve . . leucacantba, Broderip xvn. XVIL IX. L IV. IV. XII. III. IV. IV XI. IV. X. VL XIII. I. XIL VI. V. X. XV. I. XVIII. VI. VII. XV. XL VI. VII. XIIL XVII. XI. I. in. VIII XII. XL XV. VIIL VIII. XVIII. IL Plate limbatus, Sotcerhy IX. lingua-felis, Sowerby . VII. lonyispina, Lamarck IV. longitudiualis, Lamarck XIIL microlepos, Lamarck XVIIL minimus, Chemnitz I. midtilamellatus, Clienu XIIL mnltilamellatus, Lamarck .... VII. multimuricatus, Reeve IV. multisetosus, Reeve III. muricatns, Chemnitz II. mus, Reeve III. Nicobaricus, Chemnitz XIV. nudus, Chemnitz I. nus, Reeve XVIIL oceUatus, Reeve XII. Pacificus, Reeve . I. PetroseUnum, Sowerby VII. pictor\im, Cliemnitz VI. plurispiuosus, Reeve V. princeps, Broderip II. radula, Reeve XIV. ramosus, Reeve XIV. regius, Linnmis V. rubicundus, Reeve XVIL setiger, Reeve XV. Sinensis, Sowerby II. spatagus, Chemnitz VII. spathdiferus, Lamarck VII. spectrum, Reeve XIV. tenebrosus, Reeve IX. tenellus. Reeve XVIIL tenuispinosus, Soioerby VI. unicolor, Sowerby X. ustulatus. Reeve XVI. varians, Sowerby I. variegatus, Cliemnitz II. vexillum. Reeve XVI. violaceus, Reeve X'V I. virgincus, Reeve IX. zonalis, Chenu VIII. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS N E R 1 T I N A ■A- in .-I |H-r.|,l(Hl kwii>,mr^-S/„iL:si„: % Nmtina ,PI. I. % Sowa-fcj adetliA "Vjucent Blocks Imp NERITINA, Ge NERITINA, La Testa subglobosa, ep'nJermide oiivaci'd plcniimpif iiidufii, spird pared, lalerali, raro exsertd ; anfractibus nunc lavilius, nunc spinis coronatis ; ared columellari plana, sape perampld, wargine inlcgrn ; npiniiirdscmirotundd, labro plus minus dlffuso, iiilrrdinii nlrinqiie dilaialo. Operculum testaceum, seiniofalHiii, apjii'iullce laterall acuta iuHiructum. Shell subglobose, generally covered with an olive epider- mis, spire small, lateral, seldom exserted ; whorls sometimes smooth, sometimes coronated ; columellar area flat, often rather large, entire at the margin ; apertnre semicircnlar, lip more or less diffused, some- times dilated on both sides. Operculum testaceous, semiovate, furnished with a sharp lateral piece. The NerltiucB, or Freshwater Nerites, are distinguished from the Nerilcc proper, or Marine Nerites, chiefly by their more gloomy aspect, thinner substance, and absence of sculpture and of columellar teeth ; there are, nevertheless, some species of extremely brilliant colouring, and some characterized by a conspicuous variously developed crown of spines. Considerable attention has been given to this genus by M. llecluz, and by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, jnu., both in his ' Conchological Illustrations ' and in bis ' The- saurus Conchyliorum;' but the additions made to the species from various sources during the last five years by Mr. Cuming, have increased the number one-half, and rendered a further monograph desirable. The NerUiiue are chiefly inhabitants of the Old World, ranging from our own continent and islands through the islands of the Pacific and Eastern Seas to Australia and New Zealand. In the New hemisphere the genus is re- presented mainly in the streams of the West Indies aud Central America. Species 1. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neeitina canalis. Ner. testa oblongo-ovatd, subtus con- cavo-depressd, spird parvd, fere occultd, arifractibus convexis, angustis, ared columellari perampld, ad latus cunaliculald ; caruleo-nigrd, ared columellari san- guineo tiitctd. The channelled Neritina. Shell oblong ovate, con- cavely dejiressed beneath, spire small, almost hidden, whorls convex, narrow, columellar area very large, channelled at the side ; blue-blaek% columellar area blood-stained. SowEKBY, Tankerville Catalogue, p. U, no. 1094. llab. Tahiti (on stones in a rivulet) ; Cuming. Of a compressly expanded form, with a very large coin mellar area more or less stained with blood-red. Species i. (Fig. u, h, JIus. Cuming.) Neeitina olivacea. Ner. testd oblongo-ovatd, subgib- bosd, solidd, spird convexo-pland, fere obsoletd, aufrac- tibus rotundatis, promiscue concentrice striatis, area columellari latiusculd, declivi, mbcallosd ; sordidi olioaced, ared columellari carulescente-albd. The olive Neeitina. Shell oblong ovate, rather gib- bous, solid, spire convexly flattened, almost obsolete, whorls rounded, promiscuously concentrically striated, columellar area rather broad, slanting, somewhat cal- lous ; dark olive, columellar area bluish-white. Le Guillou, Revue Zool. Cuvierienne, 18U, p. 3I+. Ner i la sol Ida., Recluz. Hub. Island of Luzon, Philippines (on stones in a rapid river) ; Cuming. Chiefly distinguished by its gibbous, solid, oblong form, the spire being almost obsolete. Species 3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina labiosa. Ner. festd orato-globosd, spird parvd, impressd, anfrarlihtix com-i'.rix, riiiiuso-slriiilis, prope spirum contradi^, nr-^ii'i npninniui ruliiiidido-ex- pansis, ared cohihiilhiri luupld, lull: rxfarutii ; oliva- ceo-pi.ridi, lineis ft in-aciilis nigris jiivtd, iulus san- guineo tinctd. The full-lipped Neritina. Shell ovately globose, spire small, impressed, whorls convex, roughly stri- ated, contracted near the spire, towards the aperture rotundately expanded, columellar area large, broadly excavated ; olive-green, painted with black lines and spots, interior tinged with blood-red. Sowerby, Conch. Illustrations, f. 48. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (on stones in a rapid river) ; Cuming. This fine species, first collected in the Philippine lsla^d^ by ]Mr. Cuming, is chiefly distinguished by its bold circu- larly expanded aperture. NERITINA.— Plate I. Spt-cifb i. (i'ig. a, i, Mas. Cuming.) Nbritina squamapicta. Ner. tedd ohlongo-ovatd, avb- tns concavo-exjjumd, solidd, spirdfere obsoletd, anfrac- libus convejck, coucenlrice Jltxuose striatis, superit} leciter imjiressis, ared columellari ampld, ad lattts cmialiculatd ; oUvaceo-liited, nigro tcnm reiicidatd, obscure fasciatd. The scale-painted Nekitina. Shell oblong-ovate, concavely expanded beuealh, solid, spire almost obso- lete, whorls couvex, concentrically flexuously striated, faintly impressed round the upper part, columellar area large, channelled at the side ; olive-yellow, finely reticulated with black, obscurely banded. Recluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10, p. 513. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (on stones in a rapid river) ; Cuming. Of a more compressed solid growth than tlie preceding species, painted with a fine network. Species 5. (i'ig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Newtina bicolor. Ner. tedd mbconico-oblorujd, crassd, spird ohtml exserld, eroad, anfraciibm supertie cou- cavo-impressis, deinde convexis, suirude plicato-drialis, ared columellari subangudd, declivi ; virescente-olwa- ced, munaculatd, inliis ccerulescente-albd. The two-coloured Neritina. Shell somewhat coni- cally oblong, thick, spii'e obtusely exserted, eroded, whorls concavely impressed round the upper part, then convex, somewhat rudely plicately striated, colu- meUar area rather narrow, slanting ; greenish-olive, unspotted, interior bluish-white. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1843, p. 300. Ilab. Island of Luzon (on stones in a mountain stream) ; Cuming. The whorls of this species are faintly concavely impressed round the upper part, and rather rudely flexuously striated across. NtTiiwa. VI. U. % Sowaiv ad-etlth A^Ticent BrodiS In NERITINA Species 6. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Knokri. Ner. tedd ovatd, solidkiscula, spmi plano-mpressd, p/ir.s minus erosd, anfraclibiis subaii- gustk, concentrice slrlatis, labro miperne subauricidalo, area columellarl lata, ampld; liUesce)ite-olivaced, vu- dato-nigro fasciatim variegatd, labro intus aurautio- rufo, area columellari nigricante-caruled. Knorr's Neritina. Shell ovate, rather solid, spire flatly impressed, more or less eroded, whorls rather narrow, coucentrically striated, lip slightly auricii- lated at the u]iper part, columellar area broad, flat ; yellowish-olive, variegated with bands of black waves, lip orange-red within, columellar area blackish-bluc. Eecluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, ISil, p. 274. Hab. Madagascar. Distinguished as in N. jmlligera by the charactcri.stic smoky blue-black colour of the columellar area and orange- red interior, but less expanded in form. Species 7. (.Fig. a, b, Mu.s. Cuming.) Neritina cornea. Ner. tesld ovatd, spird mbexnertn, aiifractibns convexis, spiraliter superJicialUer sulcatis, ared columellari snbangustd ; nigrd, sordide luteo ma- culatd et fmciatd, ared columellari superne i/ifci/se nigrd, niteiite. The hoeny Neritina. Shell ovate, spire slightly ex- serted, whorls convex, spirally superficially grooved, columellar area rather narrow ; black, banded and sprinkled with dark yellowish spots, columellar area intensely black at the upper part, shining. Nerita cornea, LinniEus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1258. Neritina amphibia, Lesson. Ilab. Philippine Islands. This characteristic dull orange-blotched species was found by Mr. Cuming in the above-named locality, eighteen feet high upon Palms, a quarter of a mile from any river. Species 8. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Pktitii. Ner. testa orbiculari-omitd, subglo- bosd, spird obtasi- planatd, anfractibus convexis, versus aperluram latioribus, concentrice irregulariter striatis, spiraliter obsolete impresso-Uneatis, aperturd expansd. ared col mnellari concavo-pland ; intense brunneo-nigrd, labro et ared columellari intense sangitineis. Petit's Neritina. Shell orbicularly ovate, subglobose, spire obtusely flattened, whorls convex, broader to- wards the aperture, concentrically irregularly striated, spirally obsoletely impressly lineated, aperture ex- panded, columellar area concavely flattened; dark brown-black, lip and columellar area deep blood- stained. Eecluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 18-il, p. 373. Ilab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines (on stones in a deep river) ; Cuming. Well distinguished by its fine expanded globose form, with ruddy blood-stained lip and columellar area. Species 9. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina pulligera. Ner. tesld orbiculari-ovatd, sub- (Iprcssd, spird concavo-impressd, anfractibus convexis, versus aperluram latioribus, concentrice rugoso-stria- tis, aperturd ctpansd, labro superne acute aurieulato, ared columellari leviter concavd ; aperturd carules- cente, labro intus aurantio-rvfo, ared colmnellari nigro- cirrnled. Tee dusky Neritina. Shell orbicularly ovate, rather depressed, spire concavely impressed, whorls convex, broader towards the aperture, concentrically roughly striated, aperture expanded, lip shaq)ly auriculated at the upper part, cnlumellar area slightly concave ; aperture bluish, lip orange-red within, columellar area black-blue. Nerila pulligera, Linnfeus, Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1353. Nerita rubella, Muller. Hab. Molucca and Philippine Islands. This fine species is chiefly distinguished by its broad openly expanded aperture, and the peculiarity of colouring noted in speaking of N. Knorri. Species 10. (Fig. ,/, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina subsulcata. Ner. testd suboblongo-ovatd, sub- ■oentricosd, spird obtusd, anfractibus superne concavi- usculis, sulcatis, sulcis fere obsoletis, ared colmnellari NERITINA.— Plate II. subangustd ; sordide olivaced, area colmnellari carideo- albd, mperne nigro-nebulatd. The faintly grooved Neeitina. Shell rather oblong- ovate, somewhat ventricose, spire obtuse, whorls slightly eoncave round the upper part, faintty grooved, grooves almost obsolete, columellar area rather narrow; dull olive, columellar area bluish- white, clouded with black at the upper part. SowERBV, Conch. Illustrations, Xeritinn, f. 50. Hab. Philippine Islands. Of a uniform dull olive-colour, correctly distinguished by Mr. Sowerby, Jun., in his ' Conchological Illustra- tions,' but confounded subsequently in his ' Thcsaunis ' with N. cornea, from which it differs iraporlantly in form. ^'^ilula flJJI. '•\ ;■ NERITINA. Plate III. Species 11. (Fig. a, I/, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Beckii. Nir. testa depresso-ovatd, subtus cou- caviusculd, spird plano-bnpressa, anfractibits coiiceu- trice irregulariter striatis, area columellari Icn'ujald ,■ nigra, lahro bitiis aurantio-rufo, area columellari fumeo-Uvidd. Beck's Neritina. Shell depressly ovate, rather cou- cave beneath, sph'e flatly impressed, whorls concen- trically ii'regidarly striated, columellar area smooth ; black, lip orange-red within, columeUar area smoky livid. Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuviericune, 184.1, p. 275. Hab. ? Scarcely distinguishable from varieties of N. indUc/era, and of somewhat doubtful specific value. Species 13. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nekitina IMakcuionata. Ner. testa depresso-orbicidari, tenuicidd, spird siibe.vsertd, anJ'ractUms convexis, jiixla spirau conciiBo-imjiressis, aperturd suhexpansd, area columellari margine vuriuti denticulatd ; nigra, sapis- siwi luteo consjiicue undulatd. The ]\lAKauESAS Neritina. Shell depressly orbicular, rather thin, spire slightly exserted, whorls conve.x, coucavely impressed next the spii-e, aperture rather expanded, columeUar area rather narrow, minutely toothed at the edge ; black, mostly conspicuously waved with yellow. Hab. Marquesas Islands. A light elegantly convoluted sjiocies, with the whorls impressly concave next the spii-c, with the columella nar- row and minutely toothed at the edge, and the aperture rather expanded. The yellow waved marking is some- times boldly zigzag, sometimes minutely freckled. Species 13. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) N ERITINA latissima. Ner. testa depresso-ylobosd, utrinqite latissime alatd, spird pared, distinctd, anfractibus ro- tundatis, juxta spirant impresso-concavis, lavigatis, subplicato-corrngatd, aperturd expausd, labro utriiique peciiliariter dilatato, area columellari latd, convexius- ctdd; olivaced, maculis minutis luteis idgro-imbratis deme lentiginosd, area columellari carulescente, carneo- tiuetd. The very broad Neritina. Shell depressly globose, very broadly winged ou each side, spire small, dis- tinct, whorls rounded, impressly concave next the spire, smooth, somewhat plicately wrinkled, aperture expanded, lip peculiarly dilated on each side, colu- mellar area broad, rather convex; olive, densely speckled with minute dark shaded yellow spots, co- lumeUar area bluish, flesh-tinged. Buodeeip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 300. Hab. Real Llejos (adhering to fluviatile rocks) ; ( fuming. This very remarkable species is distinguished from all others of the genus by the prolonged wing-like dilatation on each side of the lip. Species 14. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina intermedia. Ner. testd subglobosd, iutcrdnm tumidiusculd, spird subexsertd, rude convoluld, aiifrar- libus conve.m, interdum pUcato-corrugatis, aiwrturd late expamd, ared colnmellari latd, convexiusculd ; ulivaceo-fused, luteo dense lentiginmd. The intermediate Neritina. Shell subglobosc, some- times rather swollen, spire a little exserted, rudely convoluted, whorls convex, sometimes plicately wrinkled, aperture broadly expanded, columellar area broad, faintly convex ; olive-brown, densely freckled with yellow. Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 201. Eadcm var. N. globosa, Broderip. Hab. Central America (found abundantly on stones in a mountain stream in the Isle of Lions, Bay of Mon- tejo) ; Cuming. Very like N. hUissima, despoiled of the winged dilata- tion of the lip, but specifically distinguished in having the spire more rudely convoluted. Species 15. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nekitina dolium. Ner. testd subanguste globosa, so- lidd, spird obtusd, vix exsertd, anfractibus superue concavo-declivibus, delude convexis, ared columellari submigustd ; oUvaceo-nigrd. The tdn Neritina. Shell rather narrowly globose, solid, spire obtuse, scarcely exserted, whorls concavely slanting round the upper part, then convex, colu- mellar area rather narrow ; olive-black. Recluz, MS., Mus. Cuming. Hab. Beneoonet, Sumatra (in a muildy stream) ; Cuming. A solid, obtuse, smooth, olive-black shell, impressly concave beneath the sutures. October, 1855. NcriUiKt ,Pl.iy. \ ^\ M f^ NERITINA. Species 16. (Fig. a, h, Miis. Cumiug.) Neritina Macgillivkayi. Ner. testa ilepresso-auriformi, siilitii.s concavd, spird suliexsertd, plemmqne plus ndniis erosd, anfractihus convexis, lavigatis, aferturd fere circulari, expansd, area colnmellari latissimd ; oliva- ceo-niffrd, aperiurd caridescenie, ared columellari wiujidneo-tinctd. Macgillivray's Neritina. Shell depressly ear-shaped, concave beneath, spire rathei- exserted, generally more or less eroded, whorls convex, smooth, aperture nearly circular, expanded, columeUar area very broad ; olive-black, aperture blue, columellar area blood- stained. Hah. Port Carteret, Solomon's Island. An elegant ear-shaped light depressed species, with a broad expanded bluish aperture and large blood-tinged columellar area. Species 17. (Fig. «, h, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina ovalis. Ner. testa depresso-ovali, tcniiicidd, spird suban(/uste productd, vix exsertd, anfractihus spi- raliter striatis, apc7'fiird sut/expansd, ared columellari latissimd; nigra, aperturd ceerulescente, area colu- mellari sanguineo-tinctd. The oval Neritina. Shell depressly oval, rather thin, spire rather narrowly produced, scarcely exserted, whorls spirally striated, aperture rather expanded, columellar area very broad ; black, aperture bluish, columellar area blood-tinged. Soweuby, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, p. ."jO?. Hab. Tahiti. Very like the preceding species, but narrower in form, with the spire more centrally produced. Species 18. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina granosa. Ner. testa oblique trigono-ovatd, depressissimd, utrinque dilatato-alatd, spird fere ohso- letd, granuMs amplis tumidis dense sculptd, ared colu- mellari latissimd, convexiusculd ; nigra, intus cmruleo marmoratd, ared colmnellari snperne sangnineo-tinctd. The grained Neritina. Shell obliquely triangularly ovate, very depressed, dilately winged on each side, spire almost obsolete, densely sculptured throughout with large swollen granules, columellar area very broad, rather convex; black, interior blue-mottled, columellar area blood-tinged at the upper part. SowERUY, Tankcrville Catalogue, App. p. xi. Neritina papillosa. Jay. Rah. Sandwich Islands. This fine depressly winged species is distinguished frc all olhers by its characteristic sculpture of swollen gi Species 19. (Fig. n, b, ilus. Cuming.) Neritina piperina. Ner. testa globosd, soliditisculd, spird obtuse planald, anfractibus supenie leviter con- cavo-impressis, delude rotmulatis, lavigatis aut con- centrice striatis, apertnrd semioirculari, ared colu- mellari subangnstd, margine minwtissime dsnticidatd ; olivaceo-lnted, macidis nigris trigoiiis nndique tessel- laid, ared columellari carneo-anranlid,. The pepper Neritina. Shell globose, rather solid, spii-e obtusely flattened, whorls slightly coneavely im- pressed at the upper part, then rounded, smooth, or concentrically striated, aperture semicircidar, colu- mellar area rather narrow, very minutely toothed at the ridge ; olive-yellow, tessellated throughout with triangular black spots, columellar area flesh-orange. Nerita piperina, Chemnitz, vol. xi. p. 173. pi. 197. f. 1905, 1906. Uah. ? A solid globose species, peculiarly characterized by a neat tessellated pattern of triangular black spots upon an olive-yellow ground, while the columellar area and interior are of a pale salmon-colom-. Species 30. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cumiug.) Neritina Californic a. Ner. testd ovatd, temdculd, infra concavd, spird subangustc' productd, apice obtuse pla- natd, anfractibus Itsvigatis, aperturd expansd, ared coluvtellari concavo-planatd, latiusculd; nigra, intus cceruled, area columellari intense sanguined. The Californian Neritina. Shell ovate, rather thin, concave beneath, spire rather nai-rowly produced, ob- tusely flattened at the apex, whorls smooth, aperture expanded, columellar area coneavely flattened, rather broad; black, blue witliin, columeUar area deep blood-stained. Hab. Gulf of California. This appears to be distinct from any of its congeners in form, while the deep-toned colouring is chai'acteristic. October, 1855 y ynilina . PI Y. ^^K ^^^v # NERITINA. Species 21. (Fig. a, h, c, Mas. Cuming.) Neritina longispina. Ni'i: tf-itd siibyWmd, spird plm iuiiiiis exserid, atifmctihiis supcnti: coiicavo-di'duHbiis, delude spiiiis longissunk seriatim coroiiatis, aperturd expai/sd, rnnrf/iue jit.tta spinas siuitato vel cmaftjinalo, an'd cuhtmcllari suhaiu/nstd ; iidcnsii ni/jrd, an-d colii- mi'Uan iulerdtim puUidii sanrjuinco-thtctd. The long-spined Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire more or less exserted, whorls concavely slanting at the upper part, then coronated with a row of very long spines, apertiu'e expanded, simiated or notched at the edge next the spines, columellar area rather narrow ; intense black, columellar area sometimes faintly blood-tinged. Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1S41, p. 313. Nerita corona, Chemnitz (not of Linnanis). llab. Island of Rodriguez (on stones in small streams) ; Hinds. This very remarkable shell, described by Chemnitz and Lamarck as the Linna3an Nerita corona, is fully proved by the specimens of the author of the ' Systcnia Natura-,' in the possession of the Linnrean Society, to belong to an- other species. Species 33. (Fig. a, i, JIus. Cuming.) Neeitina diadema. Ner. testd snlMjlohosd, tmuicidd, spird ahhreriato-tmritd, anfrucliljus siipernii concavis, deinde anfjulatis, ad anijiduufortilcr spinosis, obliqw corrugato-siriatis vel lavibits, area columellari siib- auyustd, subveriicali, marijine deidicidatd ; corneo- brmnu'd rd nigricante, interdi/m :onidis ani/nsiis lideis clnijidaid. The diadem Neritina. Shell subglobose, rather thin, spire shortly tun-eted, whorls concave round the upper part, then angled, strongly spined at the angle, obliquely wrinkle-striated, or smooth, columellar area rather narrow, nearly vertical, finely toothed at the edge ; horny-brown or blackish, sometimes encircled with narrow yellow zones. Reclifz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1841, p. 277- Ilab. Philippine Islands (on stones in small streams) ; Cuming. Of a horny-brown or black, sometimes ycllow-zoued, wrinkle-striated or smooth, coronated with strong re- cm'ved spires. Species 23. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina obscdrata. Ner. testd ylobosd, sotidinscnld, spird obhisi depressd, anfractibns superni I'lcetiribus, deinde seriatim brevispinosis, undiipie lomjilndintditcr corrwjatia, aperturd snbcirctdari, area columellari sub- anffustis, marffine arciiatd; fusco-rdgrd vel olivaced, nigro-:onatd. The obscure Neritina. Shell globose, rather solid, spire obtusely depressed, whorls slanting round the upper part, then short-spined, everywhere longitudi- ually wrinkled, aperture somewhat cu-cular, colu- mellar ai-ea rather narrow, arched at the edge; brown-black or olive, black-banded. Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1842, p. 183. Ilab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines ; Cuming. Of rather solid globose foi-m, with a wrinkled surface, crowned with short irregular spines. Species 24. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina subgranosa. Ner. testd globosd, spird ub- hreriato-turrild, interdmu rude obtusd, anfractibus superii!} iiiigidatis. nunc hivihiis, nunc angulatis et spinosis, J'nrliti'r enrn'gidn-xl riatis, snbgranosis, area columellari m/gnstd, iidi-rdm.i expansd ; vireseente- ol.ivaccd. The GiiANULATED Neritina. Shell globose, spire shortly turreted, sometimes rudely obtuse, whorls angled round the u]Dper part, now smooth, now angled and spined, strongly wrinkle-striated, granulated, colu- mellar area narrow, sometimes expanded ; greenish- olive. Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1841, p. oil). Hah. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Of this subgrained wrinkle-striated specimen Mr. Cuming possesses specimens, as illustrated in the accom- panying Plate, convoluted into a smooth, obtuse, rudely- constructed spiral, as weU as into one concavely turreted and spined. They present little or no variation of coloiii-, all being of a uniform greenish-olive. October, 18.5 .5. ymtiiia .Pl.VI. (^ W # w XI) 0 iNERITINA. Plate VI. Species 25. (Fig. n, h, c, Mus. Cuming.) Neeitina Donovan a. Nt'i-. testa suhglohosd,.'ijnrd ohlime exsertd, mij'i-avl'ihiix xiipcrm' iln-l'iriliiia, dehide aiiijii- latis, ad aiiijuliiiii npinis i-nrralis disluiiiiluis coronatls, tenuUer cornyalu-drkUis, and coluMtilarl augustd, iasin versus arcicatim sulcata, margiue minute graim- latd; oUvaceo-liited, nigro strigatd ant subtlUler re- tiridatd. Donovan's Neritina. Shell subglohoso, spire obtusely exscrted, whorls slanting round the upper part, then angled, coronated at the angle with ciu'ved distant spines, finely wrinkle-striated, columellar area nar- row, grooved in an arch towards the base, minutely granuled at the edge ; olive-yellow, streaked or finely reticulated with black. Uecluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conchylioruni. part Id. ]). 53(5. pi. 110. f. 39, 40. H'lli. Island of Guimaras, Philippines (on stones in a small rivulet) ; Cuming. Distinguished by its very neatly reticulated pattern of streaked markings, and by a small arched groove at the basal end of the columellar area. Species 26. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cumiug.) Neritina subpunctata. Ner. lestd globosd, erased, ■sulidd, spird obtuse plauatd, unfraciibus supenie de- c/ivibus, dei/tde obtuse ai/gulatis ef rotundatls, longi- f/idinaliter snbrudi' plicuto-slriails, aperturd subex- pansd, area coluiiiellari coiicavo-declivi ; olivaced, striis siiboc/iraceis, interstltiis subpunclatis. The faintly-dotted Neeitina. Shell globose, thick, solid, spire obtusely flattened, whorls slanting round the upper part, then obtusely angled and rounded, longitudinally rather rudely plicately striated, aper- ture slightly expanded, columellar area concavely slanting ; olive, stri.e yellowish, interstices faintly dotted. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soo. 1813, p. 199. Hub. Province of Xorth Ilocos, Island of Luzon, Philip- pines (in a small mountain stream) ; Cuming. A solid shell, of somewhat rude obtuse structure, longi- tudinally plicately striated, the interstices being profusely faintly dotted with colouring matter. Species 27. (Fig. a, b, c, d, Mus. Cuming.) Neeitina corona. Ner. tesld snbglobosd, spird vix ex- sertd, arij'ractibns superii^ coneavo-declivibus, superficie corrngato-striatd, deiiide augnlatis, ad angulwni spiuis snbdistantibus eoronatis, infra convexis, lavigatis, area columellari subaiigustd ; nigra vel olivaced, luteo vurie fasciatd et ptinciatd. The ceown Neeitina. Shell snbglobose, spire scarcely exscrted, whorls concavely slanting at the upper part, with the surface wrinkle-striated, then angled, crowned with rather distant spines at the angle, below convex, smooth, columellar area rather naiTow ; black or olive, variously banded and speckled with yellow. Nerita corona, Linnreus, Sy.st. Nat. (13th edit.) p. 1352. Neritina brnnspina, pars, Lamarck. Neritina tnontacuta, Eecluz. Hah. Island of Burias, Philippines (on stones in rivulets) ; Mostly of a dark olive or sombre brown, variously painted with yellow, now in bands, now in dots or splashed speckles. Species 28. (Mns. Cuming.) Neeitina beevispina. Ner. testa snbglobosd, spira cix exsertd, obtusd, anfractibns svperne plano-decUvibus, deinde angulatis, spinis ad angulnw eoronatis, uudique conspicne corrugato-striatis, area colmnellari suhan- gustd, coHcaw-declii-i; olivaced,fusco pins viiniis tinctd. The siioRT-spiNED Neeitina. Shell subgloljose, spire scarcely exscrted, obtuse, whorls flatly slanting at the upper part, then angled, coronated with spines at the angle, everywhere conspicuously wrinkle-stri- ated, columellar area rather narrow, concavely slant- ing ; olive, more or less brown-tinged. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 572. Nerita corona anstralis, Chemnitz. Clillion variabilis, Lesson. Ilab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Of smaller .size than the preceding species, conspicu- ously wrinkle-striated throughout. October, 1S55. Xmliiui .PL m. # ^ #^.- # \iiK8m. Btooki Imp NERITINA. Plate VII. Species 29. (Figs. 29, 32, and 33, Mus. Cumiug.) Nekitina zigzag. N'er. testa oblonyo-ylobosd, spird siii- promimdd, mifractihus superue dedixibus, deiiide con- vexis, laviffatis, area columdlari mbangHstd, marybie nd>/ii(e denticidatd, apertiird mhangmtd ; oUcaceo- nlgrd, macuUs Ittteis trigonii vel strigis tmdatis nUkle picta. The zigzag Nekitixa. Shell oblong-globose, spire rather prominent, whorls slanting at the upper part, then convex, smooth, columellar area rather narrow, minutely toothed at the edge, aperture rather small ; olive-black, neatly painted with triangular yellow spots or zigzag streaks. Lamakck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 570. Hab. Pacific and Pldlippine Islands ; Cuming. The shells represented at Figs. 29, 32, and 33 of the accompanying Plate illustrate three characteristic varieties of this species. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) Neeitina plumb e a. Ner. teatd subglobosd, tumidimcnld, spird acnmhiato-productd, anfractibtm siiperne con- cavo-dedivibus, conceatrice tortnoxo-striatis, area co- lumellari suhangnsid, h/iuitlu nidi dodkulald ; oU- vaceo-plumbed, immamlatd. The leaden Neritina. Shell subglobose, rather swollen, spire acuminately produced, whorls con- cavely slanting round the upper part, concentrically tortuously striated, columellar area rather narrow, minutely rudely toothed ; olive - lead colour, un- spotted. Recluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 538. pi. 112. f. 119 and 120. Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines ; Cimiiug. Of a imiform dull leaden-olive colour, rather slanting round the upper part of the whorls. sly Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) Neritina tuurita. Nvr. testd oblongo-globusd, tumidi- vsculd, spird acumii/afd, anfradihux .siiporne di-clivi- bus, deiitde convexis, Itcmgatis, area columdlari twiuidd, margine miu/ite rude deiiticulald, tiperturd mbex- pansd; nigra, olivaceo-luteo longitiidimdikr drigutd, area columdlari palUde cameold. The tukreted Neritina. Shell oblong-globose, rather swollen, spire acuminated, whorls slanting round the upper part, then convex, smooth, columellar area swollen, minutely rudely denticulated at the edge, apertui-e rather expanded ; black, longitudinally streaked with orange -yellow, columellar area ])ale carnelion. Nerita turrita, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. ix. part 3. p. 71. pi. 12-i. f. 1085. Neritina strigiUala, Lamarck. Neritiua Boi/ssiaiia, liecluz. Hab. Madagascar. Distinguished chiefly from N. zebra by its oblong tiir- reted form. October, 1855. Xiiitimi .Fl.m. tJ # Vincent Brooks Imp NERITINA. Plate VIII. Species 34. (Tig. «, h, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina eeclivata. Ner. testa, /jloboso-conoidca, tu- Midd, soUdd, spird olitmd, sidijjroductd, aufmctibits concavo-declwihits, turn rolundutk, area colnmdlari tmiiidd ; li/icis oUvaceo-nlgm iindiqiti' (/eiisissime pictd. The bulging Neuitina. Shell globosely conoid, swoUen, solid, spire obtuse, rather produced, vvliorls concavely slanting round the upper part, rounded at the base, columellar area swollen; very densely painted through- out with olive-black lines. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pluladelphia, vol. ii. p. 3.57. Hub. Jlexico. This peculiar conically bulging species is painted longi- tudinally with fine olive-black lines, so densely as to give the appearance of a uniform tint. Species 35. (Fig. a, b, j\[us. Cuming.) Neritina circumvoluta. Ner. lestd suborbicu/ari, spird obtuse iii/pressd, anfractibus convexis, plicato- corruffaiis, dei.iule Itni/jatu, area volmnellari acute declivi; olimceo-li'ted, fasciis duatms nir/ris distan- tibifs cingidatd. The encircled Neritina. Shell suborbicular, spu-e obtusely impressed, whorls convex, plicately wu-inkled round the upper part, then smooth, columellar area sharply slanting ; olive-yellow, encircled with two distant black bands. Eecluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 537. pi. 115. f. 203, 203. Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines (on stones in a moun- tain stream) ; Cuming. An obtuse orbicidar shell, encircled with two charac- teristic uarrow black bauds. Species 36. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina semiconica. Ner. testa oblongo-fjlohosd, spird subobtuse couicd, anfractibus concavo-hnpressis, deiiule convexis, Icevigalis, area cohmiellari sabangustd, cal- losd, margine minute denticulatd ; lutescente-olivaced, maculis nigris quadratis sparsim fasciatd, area colu- mellari carneold. The semiconical Neritina. SheU oblong-globose, spire rather obtusely conical, whorls concavely im- pressed round the upper part, then convex, smooth, columellar area rather narrow, callous, minutely den- ticulated at the edge ; yellowish-olive, sparingly banded with square black blotches, columellar area carnelioa. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 574. Hub. Banks of the Gauges, Calcutta. The spots of this species, usually of an obliquely square form, sometimes flow longitudinally into each other. Species 37. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Caffra. Ner. testa glohoso-couoided, solidd, spird obtuse productd, anfractiljus superne co/icavo- impressis, deiiide convexis, ttevigatis, area cohmiellari luliiiscidd, callosd, aperticrd subcontnictd i oli.mceo- aird. The Caffre Neritina. Shell globosely conoid, solid, spire obtusely produced, whorls concavely impressed round the upper part, then convex, smooth, colu- mellar area rather broad, callous, aperture rather contracted ; olive-black. Gray, Wood, Index Test. Supp. pi. 8. f. 10. Hub. Mauritius. An intensely dark oljtusely conoid species, of somewhat rude growth. Species 38. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Crepidclaria. Ner. testa ovatd, Crepidula- foridi, spird antice intortd, subtm concavo-planatd, area colmnellari latissima, margine integro, undiqm expanso, aperturd parvd; olivaced, aperturd et area colmneUuri intense carneolis. The Crei'idiila-like Neritina. Shell ovate, Crepidula- shaped, spire twisted inwards anteriorly, concavely flattened beneath, columellar area very broad, with margin entire, expanded throughout, aperture small ; olive, aperture and columellar area deep earnelion. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 572. Clithon C'repidiilaria, Lesson. Neritina Touranensis, Souleyet. Neritina nielanostoma, Trosehel. Ilab. Ceylon, Bengal. Distinguislied from aU other species by its Crcpidula- like plan of convolution. yaitiiw ,TI II. % i&.vTit &ot3:s Tmc . NERITINA. Species 39. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina zebba. Ner. testa ovatd, spird parvd, e.vsertd, mifmcti/jt/s snpeme decUvibus, deinde convexis, area columellari acute decUvi, margbie ii/imife denticidatd ; niijrd, I'meis fidvis ol/lir/iie lo/dii/is loiigitndiiialiler Htriijutd. The zebra Neritina. Shell ovate, spire small, exserted, whorls slanting round the upper part, then convex, columellar area sharply slanting, minutely denticu- lated at the edge ; black, striped with obliquely waved longitudinal yellow lines. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. .57'l. Hab. Tahiti. An ovate species, with a small obtruded spire, obliquely longitudinally striped with yellow linos upon a black ground. Species 40. (Fig. «, h, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina sobrina. Ner. testd compresse fflobo.sd, spird obiiisd, vix exsertd, anfractihm siiperne dccliribiis, siibanffiisfis, snbtits planatis, lavib/is, area cuhimeUarl callosd, nxbveriicaU ; Inteo-oUvaced, striylt m/dalis siibdistantibiis pictd. The allied Neritina. Shell compressly globose, spire obtuse, scarcely exserted, whorls slanting roimd the upper part, rather narrow, flattened beneath, smooth, columellar area callous, rather vertical; yellowish- olive, marked with rather distant zigzag black streaks. Reoluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Couch, part 10. p. 536. pi. 113. f. 100. JIab. ? Of a peculiar obtuse flatly slanting growth about the spire, descending vertically beneath. : 41. (Fig. a, b, ]\Ius. Cuming.) Neritina Cumingiana. Ner. testd pyramidali-conicd, spird ampld, erecid, anfractihm superne plano-decU- vibus, basi convexis, area colmnellari callosd ; vires- cente-nigrd, lineis albis tenuibus lomjitndimtliter imdu- latis uiidiqiie notatd, area columellari earmold. Cdming's Neritina. Shell pyramidally conical, spire large, erect, whorls flatly slanting round the upper part, convex at the base, columellar area callous; greenish-black, marked throughout with fine longi- tudinally waved white lines, columellar area carne- liou. Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1842, p. 77. Hab. Island of Siquijor, Philippines (on stones in moun- tain streams) ; Cuming. This fine species is weU characterized liy its solid erect pyramidal form. Species 43. (Fig. n, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina S.miteii. Ner. testd globosd, solidd, spirdsnb- cuiiicu, (iiij'ractibiis siiperiie in/jux'sso-plaiiatis, deinde rot Hilda lis, leecibns, area colioiiellnri callosd ; carules- crtiti'-albd, fasciis niyris liiieisqne capillaribus inter- niptis irreytdariter longitudiHaliter pictd, ared colu- mellari sangidneo-tinetd. Smith's Neritina. Shell globose, soUd, spire sub- conical, whorls irapressly flattened round the upper part, then rounded, smooth, columellar area callous ; bluish - white, painted with irregular interrupted longitudinal black bands and hair-lines, columellar area blood-stained. Gray, Sowerby, Conch. Illus. Neritina, f. 30. Hab. Banks of the Ganges, Calcutta. Distinguished by its peculiar mottled grey painting and porcelain-like substance, and characferistic blood-stain on the columellar area. Species t3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina morio. Ner. testd ovatd, spird parvd, iinpressd, aiifractibus supeme plaHO-declivibus, subangnstis, ared colnmellari acute concavd ; intense carbonarid, ared colmnellari lutesceule. The pool Neritina. SheU ovate, spire small, impressed, whorls flatly slanting round the upper part, rather narrow, columellar area sharply concave ; deep coal- black, columellar area yellowish. Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 201. Hab. Ducie's and Easter Islands, South Seas (on coral reefs) ; Cuming. This species, partaking of the marine character of Nerita, is perhaps more strictly referable to that genus. X(Tlllllil .PI .X. % m) •^ W^ ^-t' / ^I'-oiT. ]3roQb lap NERITINA. Plate X. Species 44. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina SANGUiNEA. Ner. tentd ovatd, spird obfiixd, vij) exserld, aii/rac/lbus superne concavo-plmmlis, sit/j- angustis, (ortuoso-striuiis, ared columella ri laid ; oli- raceo-lided, niijro reticiilato-martuoratd, ared columel- lari intense sauffuiiied. The blood-stained Neritina. Shell ovate, spire ob- tuse, scarcely exserted, whorls coticavcly flattened round the upper part, rather narrow, tortuously stri- ated, columellar area broad ; olive-yellow, reticulatcly mottled with black, columellar area deep blood- stained. SowEiuiY, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. .513. Hii6. New Ireland (ou stones in mountain streams) ; Iliads. -V dark reticulatcly mottled shcl luid the columellar area. lood-staincd Species 43. (Fig. n, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nkiutina asi'ERULAta. Ner. testa depresso-ovutd, siillns coiicard, spird pand, vix exserld, anfructihus sitliai/ffiis- fis, versus aperturam.ejpansis, undlfpiemiiinte crispiito- corr/iffatis, ared columellari lata, declivi, aperturd ampld, expansd ; olioaceo-fuscescente, nigro reticulata, aperturd carulescente, ared columellari rujo tinctd. The kougiiish Neritina. Shell dcpressly ovate, con- cave beneath, spire small, scarcely exserted, whorls rather narrow, expanded towards the aperture, every- where minutely crispatcly wrinkled, columellar area broad, slanting, aperture large, expanded ; olive- brown, reticulated with black, aperture bluish, colu- mellar area tinged with red. Recluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. .513. Hall. Island of Luzon, Philippines (on small stones in a rivulet) ; Cumiug. Curiously sculptured throughout with line crisply wrinkled strire, and painted with faint openly reticulated network of black lines upon an olive-brown ground. Species 46. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neuitina BEUGUiEra. Ner. testa oblomjo-ovatd, depressd, spird pared, ohtusd, vix exsertd, anfractibus suhauyns- tis, superne plano-mpressis,Jlexuoso-striatis, ared co- lumellari lata, ampld; intense carbonarid, ared colu- mellari vivide rufd. Brugl-iebe's Neritina. Shell oblong-ovate, depressed, spire small, obtuse, scarcely exserted, whorls rather narrow, flatly impressed round the upper part, flexu- ously striated, columellar area broad, large; dark coal-black, columellar area deep red. Recluz, Sowerby, Thesaiu-us Conch, part 10. p. .513. pi. 114. f. 1.59. Hab. New Ireland (on small stones in a rivulet) ; Hinds. Plainly distinguished from N. canalis, to which it is the nearest allied species, by the lip, on joining the body- whorl, not being raised into a ridge. Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) Nerita gagates. Ner. tesld subdepresso-globosd, solidd, spird vix exsertd, anfractibus superne concavo-impressis, delude rofmidatis, Jlcxuoso-striatis, ared columellari ampld, callosd ; olivaceo-nigrd, lineis tmdaiis hileis undupie pallide notatd. The agate Neritina. Shell subdepressly globose, solid, spire scarcely exserted, whorls concavely impressed round the upper part, then rounded, flexuously stri- ated, columellar area large and callous; olive-black, marked throughout with faint yellowish zigzag lines. Lamarck, Aniiu. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 570. llab. Siuuatra (on stones) ; Cuming. A solid callous species, of very dark olive-colour, which, on close examination, appears to be marked throughout with close-set zigzag yellow lines. Species 4S. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita punctulata. N'er. tesld depresso-ovatd, subtus coiicavd, expansd, spird parvd, fere obsoletd, anfractibus late convexis, lavibus, ared columellari ampld, leviter conci'xd; nigricanie-olivaced, punctis luteis undique asprrsd, aperturd carulescente, ared columellari pal- lide sumjuineo-tinctd. The dotted Neritina. Shell depressly ovate, concave and expanded beneath, spir-e small, almost obsolete, whorls broadly convex, smooth, columellar area large, slightly convex ; blackish-olive, sprinkled throughout with yellow dots, aperture bluish, columellar area faintly blood-tinged. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 584. Euc. Metiio- dique, pi. 455. f. 2. Ilab. Jamaica, Guadaloupe. A rather depressly expanded species, charac'teristically sprinkled tiu-oughout with yellow dots upon an olive- black ground. October, 1855. Xnin/ia , //, XI. 0 ^ #: # NERITINA Plate XI. Species 19. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina sriNiFERA. iV«'. tedd suhglobosd, teuidcithi, spirit obtusd, anfractibus mperne concavis, delude aii- ffidaiis, ad aiignlnm spiniferis, area columellari anb- auffustd, /,///,' r .'': iii!d; oUcaceo-rufd, pHiictis viresceute-i ■ ; . The spined >>i,:iii\\. >\\r\\ subglobose, rather thin, spire obtuse, nlioi-ls cuucave round the upper part, then angled, spined at the angles, columellar area rather narrow, denticulated at the margin ; olive-red, freckled with greenish-white dots. Eecluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1843, p. 183. Hab. Philippine Islands (on stones in small streams) ; Cuming. Neatly freckled throughout with greenish-white dots iijiou a peculiar ruddy olive ground. Species 50. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritixa Bengalexsis. Ner. iesld ijlobund, splrd pUniij- obttisd, anfractibus concavo-decUvibus, deinde subun- ffidaiis, ad angnlmn obscure spiniferis, spinis brevibus, area coliimellari stibangustd ; Jlavescente-brunned, oli- vaceo-niijro palUde reticulata. The Bengal Neritisa. Shell globose, spire flatly ob- tuse, whorls concavely slanting round the upper part, then slightly angled, obscurely spined at the angle, spines short, columellar area rather narrow ; yellow- ish-brown, faintly reticulated with olive-black. Nerila Bengalensis, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. p. 176. pi. 197. f. 1911. Uab. Bengal. Of a peculiar dull yellowish-brown, faintly reticulated with olive-black, obtusely keeled at the angle, where the spines are short, blunt, and sometimes partially wanting. Species 51. (Fig. a, b, Itus. Cuming.) Neritina angulosa. Ner. testa globosd, spird plano- obtusd, anfractibus obtuse angulatis, rude plicato-cor- rugatis, basin versus lavigatis, area columellari e.cca- vatd, margine arcnatd ; fusco-atrd, intm carulescente. The angblose Neritina. Shell globose, spire flatly ob- tuse, whorls obtusely angled, rudely plicately wrinkled, smooth towards the base, columellar area excavated, arched at (he margin; brown-black, bluish within. Recluz, ]\IS. Mus. Cuming. ■' ''" Neritina corona, var., Sowerby. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. There is a spineless variety of N. corona, very closely resembling this species, but it nevertheless possesses a character iieculiar to itself. Species 52. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina spinosa. Ner. ti-sid snbglobosd, spird obtusd, anfractihm rulinuliiti.s, „/rdio.sjiini,sis, .spinis nninerosis, reguhtrihnx, ,u;;i r,,luui,U„ri pluno-drvlivi ,■ jhivicaule, perne sanguineo-tinctd. The spiny Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire obtuse, whorls rounded, spined in the middle, spines nume- rous, regular, columellar area flatly slanting ; yel- lowish, encircled with numerous black Hues, colu- mellar area blood-tinged at the upper part. SowERBV (Budgin MS.), Tankerville Catalogue, p. 45. no. 1103. Hah. Tahiti. The very pretty species is distinguished by the whorls not being angled, and the spines being unusually nume- rous and regular. The linear painting is characteristic, and also the blood-stain on the upper edge of the columellar area. Species 53. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Recluziana. Ner. testa sulglobusd, spird obtusd, anfractibus superne subangulatis, ad angulum spinosis, .yiiuis brevibus, urea columellari plano-decUvi, subarcuatd ; fusco-nigro, pnnctis luteis asj>ersd. Recluz's Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire obtuse, whorls slightly angled at the upper part, spined at the angle, spines short, columellar area flatly slant- ing, slightly arched ; brownish-black, sprinkled with yellow dots. Le Guillou, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 345. H(dj. New Ireland (on stones in rivulets) ; Hinds. Of a characteristic browu-blaek sprinkled throughout with yellow dots. November, 1855. y mill to, PI. XII. # # # NERITINA. Species 54. (Fig. a, I, Mus. Cuming.) Nekitina lineolata. Ner. teatCi conico-ylohom, fioUdd, spird obtusd, mifractibns plano-decUvibm, debule (jih- bosis, area colmtwllari subangndd, callosd ; oUvaceo- liited, Unek nigris conferlis midutk oblique strigatd. The li.veolate Neritina. Shell coiiically globose, solid, s]iire obtuse, whorls flatly slanting round the upper part, then gibbous, columellar area rather nar- row, callous; olive-yellow, obliquely streaked with close-set waves of black lines. Lamarck, Anini. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 57-t, //„/,. ? This shell answers to Lamarck's description of the above-named species, but not to the figures referred to by him in Chemnitz and in the ' Encyclope'die jMcthodiquc,' which, auain, difler materially from each other. Species 55. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nekitina sereulata. Ner. tedd depresso-globosd, spird parvd, pariiM exsertd, anfractibus cotwexU, lavibiis, area columeUari plano-decUvi, margine serrulatd ; oli- vaceo-nigrd, hikscente-albo promiscue punctata. The finely serrated Neritina. Shell depressly glo- bose, spire small, but little exserted, whorls convex, smooth, columellar area flatly slanting, finely seiTatcd at the edge ; olive-black, promiscuously dotted with yellowish-white. Eecluz, MS. Mas. Cuming, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch. part 10. p..") 18. ^ '* Jlab. Cape Palmas, Sumatra (on stones in a river); Cuming. A depressly ovate, somewhat tumid shell, dotted in a very promiscuous manner with yellowish-white upon a dark olive-black ground. Species 56. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina squamosa. Ner. testa glohom-ttirbinatd, eras- siusculd, spird obtuse exsertd, anfractibus convexis, ua- diqiie peculiariter verrucoso-sqitamosis, ared columel- lari plano-declivi ; fidvo et olivaceo obscure faseiatd. The scaly Neritina. Shell globosely turbinated, rather thick, spire obtusely exserted, whorls convex, eveiy- where peculiarly wart-scaled, columellar area flatly slanting, obscurely banded with fidvous-olive. Recluz, MS. Mus. Cuming, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch. part 10. p. 527. Ilab. Isle of Ncgros, Philippines (on stones in a mountain stream) ; Cumiug. Sculptured throughout with a peculiar wart-like sha- green coating. Species 57. (Fig. n, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nekitina auumbkata. Ner. tesid depresso-glotmsu, spird parM, aciimiiiaiti, anfractibus convexis, tmnidinsculk, Icecibns, ared columelluri plano-declici ; olivaced, pimclis minutis albis nigro-umbratk aspersd, ared co- Imnellari superne iniense sanguined. The shaded Neritina. Shell depressly globose, spin- small, acuminated, whorls convex, rather swollen, smooth, columellar area flatly slanting ; olive, sprin- kled with minute black-shaded white dots, columellar area deep blood-stained at the upper margin. nab. Solomon's Island. Distinguished by a profuse sprinkling of white dots, shaded on the anterior side with black, and by the upper margin of the columellar area being deeply blood-stained. Species 58. (Fig. a, b, JIus. Cuming.) Neritina Sandalina. Ner. testd globosd, solidd, spird fix exsertd, retusd, anfractibus supierne leviter concaois, flexuoso-pllcntis, deinde convexk, ared columellari sub- excacato-declivi, margine arcuatd; olioaceo-nigrd. The Sandal Bay Neritina. Shell globose, solid, spire scarcely exserted, blunt, whorls slightly concave round the upper part, flexuously pleated, then con- vex, columellar area slightly excavately slanting, arched at the margin ; olive-black. Eecluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1843, p. 76. Ilab. Sandal Bay. A blunt rudely pleated species, of a uniform olive-black colour. November, 1855. Xmliini.H.M. dH» ^^ # i»?^?' ^ NERITINA. Plate XIII. Species 59. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Oivexiana. Ner. tedCi cotwexo-depressd, (niid- ciilci, lad} exjjausci, spira pand, vie exsertd, aiifrnclihns convexis, lavihm, area columellari permupld, luhro ili- latato, suhauriculalo ; paUitJe fahd, oUmcco-ulr/ro re- ticulatd, area colmneUari carneUo-carided. Owen's Neritina. Shell convexly depressed, ratbcr thin, broadly expanded, spire small, scarcely exserted, whorls convex, smooth, colnmellar area very large. Up broadly dilated, subanriculated ; pale fulvous, reticu- lated with olive-black, columellar area carnelion-bluc. Gk.\y, Wood, Index Testaoeologicus, Supp. f. S. Hub. Fernando Po (on stones in small streams) ; F)-azer. A depressly convex species, with a fine expanded slightly auriculated lip. Species 60. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina cauiosa. Ner. testa angriste globosd, nlriiiqiif conspicue dilatatd, spird siibverticali, inlortd, aiifrac- tibita convexis, sulirnr/osis, area columeUarl perumpld, aperturd parvd, lahro expauso ; caruleo-nigrd, piniclis ulbidis aspersd. The worm-eaten Neritina. Shell narrowly globose, conspicuously dilated on each side, spire subvertical, turned in, whorls convex, subrugose, columellar area very large, aperture small, lip expanded ; blue-black, sprinkled with white dots. Gray, Wood, Index Testaceologicus, Supp. f. 0. Nerita NiittaUi, Recluz. Uab. Sandwich Islands (on stones in rivulets) ; Nuttall. Convoluted in an obliciucly vortical manner, with the sides prominently dilated. Species 61. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina vespertina. Ner. testd depressissimd, utriii- que late alatd, tenia, spird oblique verticali, obi/isd, radiatim striata, ared columellari perampld, aperturd parvd ; limdo-olicaeed, subcorned. The siJN-SET Neritina. Shell very depressed, broadly winged on each side, thiu, sjiire oblicpiely vertical, obtuse, radiately striated, columellar area very large, aperture small ; livid-obve, subearneous. Nuttal),, Jay's Catalogue of Shells, p. 66 Hab. Sandwich Is' (on stones in small Nuttall. A remarkably wi abstance. 1 species, of thin subcorneous Species ()2, (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita Taiiitensis. Ner. testd depresso-ovatd, siibniiri- cidatd, spird obliqiii verticali, obtusd, radiatim Minute striatd, ared columdlari perampld, leoiter concexd ; nlyrieante-olivarcd. The Tahiti Neritina. Shell depressly ovate, subauri- cidated, spire obliquely vertical, obtuse, radiately mi- nutely striated, columeUar area very large, slightly convex ; blackish-olive. Lesson, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. ."jii'.i. Hah. Sandwich Ishmds (on stones iu a small stnani) ; Nuttall. An oblong-ovatc species, sipiarely spire. jlatcd Species 63. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina cornuta. Ner. testa ovatd, spird ohliqni: in- tortd, anfraetibtts rotundatis, ad sutiiras pecidiariter coHcavo-carinatis, ared columellari lata, superne si- nuatd ; olicaceo-fulcesceute, nigro sparsim reticulata, intus Ucido-pluiiibed, carnelio marginatd. The horned Neritina. Shell ovate, spin- obliquely turned in, whorls rounded, peculiarly eoncavely keeled at the sutures, columellar area broad, sinuated at the upper part ; pale olive-fulvous, sparingly reti- culated with black, interior livid-lead, edged with carneliou. Hab. Philippine Islands. Distinguished by a peculiar eoncavely keeled appeudagi' next the suture. November, lS.5c W'fiiuia .viuy. > m '^m' N E R ITI N A. Plat:. XIV. Species 64. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina avellana. Ner. tesld globo-w, solidd, spird vix ex-tertd, obtiisd, atifradibits rotimdiito-aiigulatix, medio snbplanalis, area columellari marghie dense scr- ruhdd ; paUkle oUvaceo-cinered, ptmctis albidis nic/ro- umbratis profuse aspersd. The nut Neuitixa. Shell globose, solid, spire exsertcd, obtuse, whorls rotunilately angled, rather flattened rouud the middle, columella densely serrulated at the edge ; pale olive-horny, profusely sprinkled with whitish black-shaded dots. Recluz, Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 184i, p. 76. Ilab. Philippine Islands. Of a peculiarlv blunt solid structure, resembling a com- Spccies 65. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.) Neuitixa faba. Ner. testd globoso-couoklm, soVuld, spird uribjiromiiiitld, plus minus erosd, anfraclihus siiperni' concavis,Jkxuose pUcalo-striatis, deinde convex is, Uevi- bus, art'd columellari ahrupte declivi ; nif/ricunte-oli- vaced, lutescenfe-albo promiscue slrigatd et piiiiclald, inicnlum fasciatd, fascid vioide sanguiaeo tenue reii- culutd. The beax Neritixa. Shell globosely conoid, solid, spire rather prominent, more or less eroded, whorls convex, flexuously plicately striated, then convex, smooth, columella abruptly slanting; blackish-olive, promiscuously sti'eakcd and dotted with yellowish- white, sometimes banded, the band finely reticulated with bright blood-red. SowEURY, Conch. Illustrations, f. lU. J lab. ? Extremely variable in painting, but of a uniform solid globosely conoid form. Species 66. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina interrupta. Ner. testd globoso-couoided, so- lidd, spird snbobtmd, plerumipie erosd, anfractibiis coHcavo-declivibus, deinde co)ivexis, Jlexuoso-striatis, area columellari declici ; olivaceo-virescente, subtil iter oblique alho-lineatd, fascid luted latiusculd peculiari- ter obliqui' ciiigulatd. TiiE ixrEni:i-"TED Neiutixa. Shell globosely conoid, solid, spire rather nlMuse, generally eroded, whorls eoncavely slanting, then convex, flexuously striated, columellar area slanting; olive-green, finely oblin^uely white-lined, peculiarly obliquely encircled with a ra- ther broad yellow band. Recluz, MS. Sowerb}', Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 526. JIab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (on stones in a rapid river) ; Cuming. This species is remarkable for having the apex generally much eroded. Species 07. (Fig. a, b, :Mus. Cuming.) Neritixa c.elata. Ner. iestd ovato-globosd, solidd, spird pared, obtusd, noil exsertd, ai/fractibus superne plauo- drrlifib/is,/j('rutiariterJle.vHo.io-impresso-striatis, deinde rill II lid, I In, ai-i'd ciiluiiifllari e.vcavafo-declivi; carbo- iiariu-alrii, liueis Jlrxuosis pallide ferrugineis. The exguaved Neritixa. Shell ovately globose, solid, spire small, obtuse, not exserted, whorls flatly slant- ing, pceuliarJy flexuously impressly striated, then rouuderl, columellar area cxeavately slanting; coal- black, flexuous lines pale rust. PiECLUz, MS., Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. f. 538. IM. South Sea Islands. An obtusely conoid species, sculptured with impressed strife running flexuously from the apex. Species 68. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina tritonensis. Ner. testd globoso-conoided, so- lidd, -ipird 2>lits minus erosd, anfractibus superne con- caco-declivibus, deinde rotundatis, area columellari subangustd ; lutescente, nigro-oliraceo dense sabtiliter reliculatd. The TRITON Neritina. Shell globosely conoid, solid, spire more or less eroded, whoils eoncavely slanting round the upper part, then rounded, columellar area rather narrow ; yellowish, densely finely reticulated with black-olive." Le Guillou, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 345. Ilab. North Australia. Very densely reticulatrd ivith dai'k ol. around. a yellowish November, 1855. .\Wiiiiui, PL XV. 0 % # ¥ 0 0 S.r.-ra-Vy ie'.. etlit NERITINA. Species 09. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.) NeriTINa KUGATA. Nc'i-.te-ifd ohJique orafn, .vihglohnm, sphi'i ci.r exsn-tu.aiifmdUnts xiih,ni,i, ::,:,,., ,- ,v,'r ,.s„- riKjiilix, ml aiKiiihiiii oi.w/r sp,. declii fijn siiln intns candf'scente . The wrinkled NeritIxNa. Shell obliquely ovate, sub- globose, spire scarcely exserteil, whorls faintly an- gled, wart-wrinkled, obsoletely spinous at the angle, columellar area slanting, slightly sinuated next the apex ; coal-black, bluish-red within. Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1843, p. 7.5. Hob. Island of Negros, riiilippiues (in mountain streams) ; Cuming. Well characterized by a line wart-wrinkled sculpture. Species 70. (Fig. a, b, iVIus. Cuming.) Nekitina insculpta. Nit. testa ovatii, spird obUqni exsertd, aiifractibiis siiperiie leriter cot/cnvin, deiudc roiundatis, snlcis linmribus spiralibua iitscii/ptis, area columellari mibconcavd ; intense ccendeo-nifjrd. The engraven Neritina. Shell ovate, spire obliquely exserted, whorls slightly concave on the upper part, then rounded, engraved with s|)iral linear grooves, columellar area rather concave ; dark bluc-black. Hab. Sandwich Islands. A dark blue-black shell, engraved throughout with spiral linear grooves, partaking largely of the characters of Nerita. Species 71. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neeitina Listeri. Ker. testa oblique ovatd, spird sub- conoided, parum exsertd, anfractibus convexis, Itcvibus, area columellari decliri, callosd, aperturd parviasciild, tabro coiitructo ; nigricante-olivaced, punctis lineisque viinutis lutels aspersd. Lister's Neeitina. Shell obliquely ovate, spire sub- conoid, but little exserted, whorls convex, smooth, columellar area slanting, callous, aperture rather small, lip contracted ; blackish-olive, sprinkled witli yellow dots and minute lines. Pfeiffee, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. ~>Zi. Hab. Cuba, Nicara-jfua. Of a pel n, the columellar area being v usuallv attenuately contracted. Species H. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Macgillivrayi. Ner. testd ovato-globosd, spird sitbexsertd, anfractibus superue concavis, deinde rotitn- datis, dense elevalo-striatis, ared columellari excaoato- declioi ; sordide atrd. Macgillivray's Neritina. Shell ovately globose, spire slightly exserted ; whorls concave round the upper part, then rounded, closely elevatety striated, colu- mellar area excavately slanting ; dull black. Ilab. Solomon's Island ; JMacgillivray. Well characterized in form, while tlie surface has a finely-striated satiny hue. Species 73. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina aquatilis. Ner. testd conoideo-glolmd, so- lidd, spird subobtttsd, anfractibas stqiermt leviler con- cavis, deinde coiire.ris, IrPBibiis, ared columellari cal- losd; olivaceu-liited, liiieis iiiyrls acute undutis dense pietd. The eippled Neeitina. Shell conoidly globose, solid, spire rather obtuse, whorls slightly concave round the upper part, then convex, smooth, columellar area callous; olive-yellow, thickly nuu-ked with black zig- zag lines. Hah. ? Very densely painted throughout with fine black zigzag lines upon an olive-yellow ground. November, 1855. Xmlwa .Pl.m. %-^ 0 % ^ Vmren* Brorfc % NERITINA. Species T-t. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Turton'I. Ner. tmtd globoio-conoiilm, soUJil, spim suhproiii;,iiih1, ohtiisa, aiifnictihiis fnqjerne levUcr nmniris, ih-iiiile r<,t:i,i,h,l,s, l,rri/,i!.^, ami roliiwelhin ■HHlirnifjiiata, adlom, hianj'iur i.iiiiiil? daitiviihilil ; hrun- neo-ltitesceute, niyro lonijUiiiVinaliiL'r hdidr'ujnti'i, ami colamellari carneold. Tuiiton's Neritina. Shell globosi'ly conoid, solid, spire rather prominent, obtuse, wliorls slightly concave on tlie upper part, then rounded, smooth, columellar area rather narrow, callous, minutely toothed at the edge ; brownish-yellow, longitudinally broadly striped with black, columellar area carnelion. SowEEBY, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 530. Hah. New Ireland ; Hinds. A dark solid brownish-yellow conoid shell, longitudi- nally painted with broad waved black stripes. Species 75. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Nehitina Natalensis. Ner. testa (jloboso-conoided, spird .vdqjrominuld, obfnsd, anfractibus sitperiie coucavo-de- idivibiis, deinde coiivexis, Itevibus, area colnniellari siib- unfjmtd ; fnlvo-olwaced, nigra oblupii strigatd. The Natal Neritina. SheU globosely conoid, spire rather prominent, obtuse, whorls concavely slanting round the upper part, then convex, smooth, colu- mellar area rather narrow ; fulvous-olive, obliquely streaked with black. Hah. Natal. Of a more slantingly convoluted form than the preced- ing species, with the black stripes narrower and ranging obliquely in a contrary direction. Species 7(). (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.) Nekitina Powisiana. Ner. testa trausmrsi ovatd, de- pressd, spird oblique intortd, anfractibus subangustis, concentrice siriatis, area cobimellari lata, juxta apicem in sinu productd; oUvaceo-luted, purpurascente fas- ciatd, fasciis nigris iuterrvptis marmoratd. Powis's Neritina. Shell transversely ovate, depressed, spire obliquely turned in, whorls rather narrow, con- centrically striated, columellar area broad, produced into a sinus next the apex; olive-yellow, faintly banded with purple, and mottled with interrupted black bauds. Eecluz, Sowcrljy, Thesaurus Coneh. part 10. p. 511. Hah. New Ireland (on stones in a mountain stream) ; Hinds. An elevated involuted shell, with the edge of the last whorl next the apex produced into a sinuated horn. Species 77. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina solidissima. Ner. testd dejiresso-orbiculari, solidd, spird oblique ititortd, anfractihus subaiigustis, versus aperturam expansis, striis iinpressis spiraUbus sculptis, area columellari subcallosd ; carbonario-atrd, punctis minutis albis aspersd. The very solib Neritina. Shell depressly orbicular, solid, spire obliquely turned in, whorls rather narrow, expanded towards the aperture, engraved with spiral impressed strise, columellar area rather callous ; coal- black, sprinkled with minute white dots. SowERBY, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 511. IM. ? A very characteristic species, round and expanded in form, engraved with spiral impressed striae ; deep coal- black, sprinkled with minute white specks. Species 78. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina ateuiiima. Ner. testd globoso-conoided, spird siibiirdiiiiiiiilii, anfractibus superne concavis, dciude ro- tiindalis, lrcrihiis,ared columellari angustd ; atcrrimd, intus carulesceute-albd . The very black Neritina. Shell globosely conoid, spire rather prominent, whorls concave round i\u- upper part, then rounded, smooth, columellar area narrow ; deep black, bluish-white within. Kocii, Philippi, Abbild. und Bescli. Conch, pi. 1. f 11. Hab. ? Of a simple globosely conoid form, deep black, withoul indication of any pattern. November, 1855. ^Wanla . PL 'XVll. ft '^ V^L> ^^ «1 NERITINA. Species 79. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cumiug.) Neritina bicanaliculata. Ner. testa oi-ntd, siiliJe- pressd, ntrinque peculiar iter caiialic/i/ii/o-n/n/a, sjtirti obtique intortd, lamgatu, area cohimclhiri peraiiijilii, aperturd parvd ; pnUkJe. filivuceo-lidni, ii'ujro ivnuc reticulata. The double-channelled Neritina. Sliell ovate, ra- ther depressed, peculiarly canaliciilately winged on each side, spire ol)liquely turned in, smooth, colu- mellar area very Lnrge, aperture small ; pale olive- yellow, finely reticulated with black. Eecluz, MS., Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch., part 10. p. 50'.). Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (on stone^^ in small ponds) ; Cuming. Peculiarly distinguished by its channelled auricular wings. Species SO. (Pig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nekitina subauriculata. Ner. tentd ovafd, mlidiiis- ciilii, rpird oblique intortd, concentrire slriuld, nrrd colinneUari perampld, superiie subaitriciihihi ; imllide olioaceo-luted, nigro teiiue reticulata. The slightly-eared Neritina. Shell ovate, rather solid, spire obliquely turned in, concentrically stri- ated, columellar area very large, slightly auriculated at the upper part ; pale olive-yellow, finely reticulated with black. Reclvz, MS., Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch., part 10. p. .510. Hab. Island of Ncgros, Philippines (on the trunks of palms growing in brackish water) ; Cuming. Exactly like the preceding species in detail of painting, and very similar in form, the channelled auricles being simply indicated. Species 81. (Fig. «, i, Mus. Cumuig.) Neritina dilatata. Ner. testa .'ndjorbiciilnri-ovatd, iitriiiqne peridiariler dilalnld, xpird peeidiariter in- tortd, concentrice striata., ared coliim<-IIarl tatissiind, iipertiird parrd ; paltidi ollrnci'o-lnti'd, niijro aperti' prondscue reticulata, area columellari carneold. The dilated Nekitina. Shell suborbiculately ovate. peculiarly dilated on each side, spire obliquely turned inwards, coneontrieally striated, columellar area very liroad, aperture small; pale olive-yellow, openly pj-n- miscuously reticulated at the back, columellar aiva earnelion. Hroderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1833. Hub. Tahiti (on stones in rivers) ; Cuming. The reticulated painting of this species is more open and irregular than in the preceding, and the cohniiellai- area is dilated outwards on each side. Species 82. (Fig. iriccut "Brooks Imp NERITINA Plate XXIV, Species 105. (Figs. 101, 105, Mus. Cuming.) Nekitina Layardi. aw. icntd oiaUi, valde depressd, teii-iil, j)eUiiciJd, fipird ohliqiii intortd, deeussafim stri- ata, an'd colimii'Uari perampld, snperne quadrato- alntd; olkaceo-corned, niijro temii retiodaid. Layauu's Nekitina. Shell ovate, very depressed, thin, transparent, spire obliquely turned in, decussately striated, columeUar area very large, quadrately winged at the upper part; olive-horny, finely reticulated with black. Ilah. Cevloii; F. Layard, Thwaites. Ufa subtransparent horny texture, conspicuously square- winged at the upper part. Species 100. (Fig. «, h, Mus. Cuming.) Neritis'a Solomonensis. Xat. testa oljUquu ovatd, sub- di'prcsm, spird parvd, fere olsoletd, aiifractihus con- vexis, concentric!; lirato-striatis, apertiird sitbexpansd, area culnmeUari ainpld, callom, jiixla apicem sinuatd ; olirdceii-lirviiiivd, iiiijro oljucure reticidatd, area colu- Tiietluri xnmjiiliK'O-carneuln. The Solomon Island Nekitina. Shell obliquely ovate, rather depressed, spire small, almost obsolete, whorls convex, concentrically ridge-striated, aperture rather expanded, columellar area large, callous, sinuated ne.xt the apex ; olive-brown, obscurely reticulated with black, columellar area blood-stained carnelion. Hat). Solomon's Island. A very characteristic species in form, and also in sculp- ture and eolourins;. Species 107. (Fig. a, b, ;\Ius. Cuming.) Nekitina Novo-Caledonica. Nat. testd depresse ovatd, teiiaicnld, radiatiiii elevato-striatd, spird obliqiii: in- tortd, ared coliimellari ampld, subdilatatd ; .wrdide nigra, iutna cariite.xente, ared colnmellari pallide car- ncold. The New Caledonia Neritina. Shell depressly ovate, rather thin, radiately elevately striated, spire obliquely turned in, columellar area large, slightly dilated ; dull black, interior blue, columellar area jiale carnelion. Hab. New Caledonia. This species also presents a distinct typical character, thinly ovately expanded within, radiately striated witliout. Species 108. (Fig. a, b, JIus. Cuming.) Nekitina acigulata. Nat. testa depresse ovatd, tenui- ciild, spird pared, oblique laterali, arifractibus suban- gustis, dense radiatim striatis, aperturd dilatato-e.v- pansd, area cotumeUari decliei, margine denticutatd ; sordide nigra. The suakp-euged Nekitina. Shell depressly ovate, rather thin, spire small, obliquely lateral, whorls ratlier narrow, closely radiately striated, aperture di- lately expanded, columellar area slanting, denticu- lated at the margin ; dull black. MoRCH, MS. !Mus. Cuming. Hab. Island of Nicobar. Of light substance, chiefly characterized by an obliqui' convolution of the ^inre, and dilately expanded aperture. November, 1S55. yrritiiKi PL XXY. # % % TVoote Imp NERITINA. Species 109. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Ciiraiiig.) Neeitina MiCH.iUDl. Nff. tesfd siiljf/lolwm, sp'irii phino- ohtusd, siduris impresus, anfracdbus mperni pkino- concavis, deinde convi'xk, lavibns, poUtis, urea colu- mellari callosd ; luteo-oUvaced, lineis ttlgris ncii/c tratiseerse undatis ornata. Michaud's Neritina. Shell subg-lobose, spire llutly obtuse, sutures impressed, whorls flatly concave round the upper part, then convex, smooth, polished, colu- mellar area callous ; yellowish-olive, ornamented with sliarp transversely zigzag black lines. Recluz, I'ro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 31.5. Ilah. Panama. Of a polished glassy substance, neatly paiuted with sharp transversely zigzag black lines. Species 110. (Fig. «, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina lentiginosa. Ncr. testa, couoideo-r/lobosd, so- lidiiisculd, splrd ohtnad, aiifnictibiis siipcnie declivlbiia et subntde pli(;i/u-.slrui//i, ami cii/in,ie/!iii-i siibcallvm ; oVwacL'd, jiiiiivUs iiiniiilia alhix, iihjro nmbndk, pro- miscue leuthiinusd. The freckled Neritina. Shell couoidly globose, rather solid, spire obtuse, whorls slanting round the upper part, and rather rudely plicately striated, columellar area rather callous ; olive, promiscuously freckled with miuute black-shaded white dots. Hab. Pacific Islands. A dark olive Faludinu-Vika species, freckled with pro- miscuous black-shaded white dots. Species 111. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina pulchra. Ni/r. testa ovato-coiwided, solidd, spird siibe.csertd, avfractibm s/ipenie coiicavo-dect/ri- bus, ddnde conve.vis, taeibus, niteuttbus, area cohuiii'l- tari callosd ; intense fiilvd, macidis yrandibus niijris tessellatd aid fasciatd, interdum rnfo parti m tinctd. The pretty Neritina. Shell ovately conoid, solid, spire rather exserted, whorls concavely slanting round the upper part, then convex, smooth, shining, colu- mellar area callous ; dark fulvous, tessellated or banded with large black spots, sometimes partially tinged with red. SowERiiY, Couch. Illustrations, f 59. Hab. Panama. A dark shining fulvous species, prettily tessellated uidi black blotches, sometimes ranging in bauds. Species 113. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina meleagris. Ner. testa conoideo-ijlobosd, spird brevi, obtiisd, anfractibus convexis, Icevibus, area colu- mellari calloso-declivi ; albidd, yriseo rarie reticulata et Hieoso-punctatd. The guinea-fowl Neritina. Shell conoidly globose, spire short, obtuse, whorls convex, smooth, columellar area callously slanting ; whitish, variously reticulated with grey and snow-flaked. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 575. Hab. Honduras Bay ; Dyson. Distinguished by a characteristic pattern of grey net- work interspersed with small white flakes. Species 113. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Feaseri. Ner. testa depresso-subglobosd, spird pannii exsertd, anfractibus superne concavis, deinde convexis, concerdrice plicato-Uratis, ared colmneltari latiusculd, declivi ; nir/ricante-olivaced. Frasee's Neritina. Shell depressly subglobose, spire but little exserted, whorls concave round the upper part, concentrically plicately ridged, columellar area rather broad, slanting ; blackish-olive. Hab. West Africa ; Fraser. A dark olive species, with a characteristic sculpture of wrinkle-ridses. jber, 1855. Smlnu(.J'l\\yi- # # # ^ NERITINA, Plate XXVI. Species 114. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming-.) Neritina aspeksa. Ner. testa suhglohosd, teuuiciila, spird ubtiise jdanatd, anfractibus eorriiffato-lim/is, sujjenit' inn/iihilh, ciil (iiigiihiui loiii/i-sjiiiio.sis, area COluiin-lhin Jrrlir rbon alhd, piincth liiln\ uiinulk olisriire axpi'isd. The sprinkled Nekitina. Shell subglobose, rather thin, spire obtusely flattened, whorls wrinkle-ridged, angled round the upper part, long-spined at the an- gle, columellar area slanting, a little sinuated at the upper part ; coal-black, obscurely sprinkled with minute yellowish dots. Recluz, MS., Mus. Cuming ; Sowcrby Thesam'us Conch, part 10. p. 534. Hab. Sandwich Islands. Generally of small size, wrinkle-ridged throughout, and crowned with long spines. Species 115. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Souleyetana. Ner. tentd sithrilobosd, spird plano-obtmd, avfractibiis lavihiis, .snjimir cimjithifiis, ad angulum rude tuberctdatis ccl spiiinxh, xpii/is prr- paucis distantibiis, area colinnrllnri dfcliri, nmnjiiir subarcuatd ; virescenie-ollvaced, liiieis liUeis luiigitn- dinalibus mibjlexuosis uitide pictd. Souleyet's Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire flatly obtuse, whorls smooth, angled round the upper part, rudely tubercled or spined at the angle, spines few and distant, columellar area slanting, slightly arched at the margin ; greenish-olive, neatly painted with slightly flexuous longitudinal yellow lines. Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienue, 1843, p. 183. Hab. Marquesas Islands. The waved linear yellow painting of this species is per- haps the most striking characteristic. Species IIG. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina obtusa. Ner. testd siilKiiKidniln-nrdli, spird obtitsd, anfractibus siiperne subcunrtivii-ilfi-lirihns, de- inde plano-convexis, midique oblique rude plicafo- striatis, area colmnellari callosd, snjierne sinuatd, tnargine arcnatd et deiiticulatd ; sordide olivaced, judiclis miii/itis albidis traiisversis leiitiginosd. The obtuse Neritina. Shell somewhat squarely oval, spire obtuse, whorls rather concavely slanting round the upper part, then flatly convex, everywhere ob- liquely, rudely, plicately striated, columellar area cal- lous, sinuated at the upper part, arched and denticu- lated at the margin ; dull olive, freckled with small transverse white dots. Benson, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part. 10. p. 517. Ilab. Banks of the Ganges, Calcutta. A solid obtuse species, of a dark olive-colour, freckled throughout with small white dots, splashed transversely. Species 117. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Jovis. Ner. testa conoideo-globosd, spira bre- viiiscidd, anfractibus superue declivibus, deinde ro- tundatis, lambns, area, columellari declivi, margine arcuald et iiiiniite denticulatd ; nitenle-atrd, punctis lineisqiicfidgnratis albidis pallide uotatd. Jupiter's Neritina. Shell conoidly globose, spire ra- ther short, whorls slanting round the upper part, then rounded, smooth, columellar area slanting, arched and minutely toothed at the margin ; shining black, faintly marked with whitish dots and lightning marks. Recluz, MS., Mus. Cuming. Eab. ? A smooth, shining, black, conoidly globose shell, marked with faint white dots and zigzag lines. Species 118. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina cassiculum. Ner. testd obtuse conoided, sub- globosd, solidd, spird vix exsertd, anfractibus subplano- coinr.fis, iired columellari callosd, margine corrugato- striald; luleo-olimced, nigro tenue retictdatd, area columellari pallide curneold. The little helmet Neritina. Shell obtusely conoid, rather globose, solid, spire scarcely exserted, whorls rather flatly convex, columellar area callous, wrinkle- striated at the margin ; yellowish-olive, finely reticu- lated with black, columellar area pale flesh-tinged. Sowerby, Conch. Illustrations, f. 55. Hab. ? A solid bluntly conoid species, of a dark oUve-colour, covered with a fine lacing of black. November, 1855. Jendna.?lJmi. % 0 N E R I T I N A. Plate XXYIL Species 119. (Fig. a, h, Miis. Cuming.) Neuitina SiauiJORENSls. Ner. teUd oblonyo-ovald, spird intortd, mij'ractibus suhangusth, compressis, lavihns, area colnmeUari lata, wargine contliiuo ; sordide cor- ned, nit/ro obscure reticulata, Interdum roseo-radiutd. The Siquijor Neritina. Shell obloug-ovate, spire twisted inwards, whorls rather narrow, compressed, smooth, columellar area broad, with the margin con- tinuous ; dull horny, obscurely reticulated with black, sometimes pink-rayed. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 198. Hub. Island of Siquijor, Philippines (in a small stream) ; Cuming. A narrow compressed species, with a broad columellar area, having a raised edge continuous with the margin of the aperture. Species 120. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Guadianensis. Ner. testd obhnijo-conmded, solidd, spird snlprominuld, obtusd, aufractibm superne declivibus, iii/ertie gibbosis, avfractu ultimo antice de- Hcendenie, area colmnellari callosd ; sordid^ albd, griseo-uigro dense reticulata. The Guadiana Neritina. Shell oblong-conoid, solid, spire rather prominent, obtuse, whorls slanting round the upper part, gibbous round the lower part, last whorl descending in front, columellar ai-ea callous ; dull wliite, densely reticulated with greyish-black. JIoRELET, Moll, du Portugal, p. 97. pi. 9. f. 3. Hab. Guadiana, Portugal. A solid Natica-Yiks species, witli the last whorl un- usually descending in front, closely reticulated with grey- black.' Species 121. (Pig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina reticulata. Ner. te-itd ovatd, spird sub- exserid, anfractibus subangustis, radiatim sulco-striatis, area colmnellari declivi, subexcavatd ; lacteo-albd, in- tense nigro laxe reticulatd. The reticulated Neritina. Shell ovate, spire slightly exserted, whorls rather narrow, radiately groove- striated, columellar area slanting, slightly excavated ; cream-coloured, openly reticidated with jet-black. SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832, Couch. lUus. f. 2. Hab. Lord Hood's Island (on saud in brackish water) : Cuming. Distinguished by a loosely reticulated pattern of jet- black upon a cream-coloured ground. Species 122. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Danhbialis. Ner. testd ovatd, spird vix ex- nertd, anfractibus snbai/gustis, lavibus, ared columet- Inri excavato-declivi ; albidd, strigis nigricantibus Jtexuosis undique tramversim pictd. The Danubian Neuitina. Shell ovate, spire scarcely exserted, whorls rather narrow, smooth, columellar area excavately slanting ; whitish, painted through- out with transverse flexuous black streaks. Ziegler, Deshayes Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. .592. Neritina serratiliueata, Ziegler. Hab. The Danube. Painted transversely with Hexuous black lines, ranged throughout with 2;reat regularity. Species 133. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina violacea. Ner. testd ovatd, spird vix exsertd, anfractibus subangustis, lavibtis, area colmnellari plano- dnTn-ibus ; violacea, lineis griseis acute undatis dense nebulatis. The violet-tinged Neritina. Shell ovate, spire scarcely exserted, whorls rather narrow, smooth, columellar area flatly slanting; violet-tinged, thickly clouded with zigzag grey lines. Morelet, Moll, du Portugal, p. 92. pi. 9. f 1. HaL. Coimbra, Portugal. A rather narrow violet-tinged species, densely clouded throughout with sharply zigzag grey-black lines. January, 1856. 0 Qsidra'aiK .nlarged ) NERITINA. Plate XXYIII. Species 13-i. (Fig. «, b, iMus. Cuming.) Neritina Pekrotettiana. Ner. testa ovatd, suhdepressa, spird vix exsertd, obtusd, anfractibus superne coiwavo- impressis, deinde convexis, lavibm, ared colitmellarl htiuscnld ; carboHario-nigrd. Perkotett's Neritina. Shell ovate, somewhat de- pressed, spire scarcely exserted, obtuse, whorls cou- cavely impressed on the upper part, then convex, smooth, columellar area rather broad ; coal-black. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1S41, p. 3.37. Hab. Ceylon; Dr. Gardner. A smooth, coal-black, rather depressed species, but little smaller in size than the accompanying figure. Tlie inscription, " considerably enlarged," in the opposite Plate, should be " slightly enlarged." Species 125. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina fluviatilis. Ner. testa obloiigo-ovatd, spird parvd, perspicue convolutd, anfractibus subatujmtis, IcBvibus, nitentibtis, ared columellari latiusculd; nigri- cante-molaced, macuUs albis reticulate aspersd. The fluviatile Neritina. Shell oblong-ovate, spire small, perspicuously convoluted, whorls rather nar- row, smooth, shining, columellar area rather broad ; blackish-violet, sprinkled with a network of white spots. Nerilajliwiatilis, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1253. Neritina Balmatica, Partch. Hab. Elvers of France and England. A rather narrow oblong species, painted with pale blackish-violet, splashed ivith white subelongated spots. Species 126. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Listeri. Ner. testd suhglobosd, spird obtuse planatd, anfractibus convexis, lavibus, ared columellari callosd, tumidd ; lutescente-olivaced, lineis nigris Jlexu- osis confertis pictd. Lister's Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire obtusely llattened, wiiorls convex, smooth, colnmellar area callous, swollen ; yellowish-olive, painted with close- set flexuous black lines. Pfeiffer, Sowerby, Thesaurus Coneh. part 10. p. .534. Ilab. St. John's River, Nicaragua. A subglobose, rather callous species, very i ith close-set fle\uous black lines. ally painted Species 127. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina 1>aconi. Ner. testd .mboblongo-ovatd, spird subexserlii, ohliisil^ anfractihns convexis, concentrice stria/is, iii/('i////iin. (irrii i-uhiniellari subcallosd ; sor- dide ciiien/v, iiigni iint niiciilafd aut Jle.vuoso-Uneatd. Bacon's Neritina. Shell suboblong-ovate, spire slightly exserted, obtuse, whorls convex, concentrically stri- ated, shining, columellar area rather callous ; dull ash-colour, reticulated or ilexuously lineated with black. Ilab. Swan River ; Dr. Bacon. Somewhat resembling the preceding species in respect of its linear variety of painting, but of a more spirally co- noid form, and uarrouer. Species 138. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Guinerii. Ner. testd depresso-orbiculari, spird obtuse planatd, anfractibus angustis, versus aperturam lalioribus, spiraliter lineari-sulcatis, aperturd rotun- dato-expansd, ared columellari declivi ; carbonario- nigrd. GuiNEit's Neritina. Shell depressly orbicular, spire obtusely flattened, whorls narrow, broader towards the aperture, spirally linearly grooved, aperture ro- tundately expanded, columellar area slanting ; coal- black. Recluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 541. IM. Distinguished by its pinched compre; round expanded aperture. ed spire and January, 185G. ^Win■Na.Pl.^IX # ^ % # ^ 0 Vmcent broolis [mp ( SliRl.tK. r,J,-u-sed ) NETxITINA. Species 129. (Fig. n, h, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Jordani. 'Ner. testa obtuse conoided, ohesd, spird vix exaertd, anfractibus plano-decUvibm, lavibm, nitentibm, area coliimeUari callosd ; olivaceo-Jlavm- cente, slrujin fmc'ia flexuom deme pictd. The Jordan Nebitina. Shell obtusely conoid, stout, spire scarcely exserted, whorls flatly slanting, sniooth, shining, columellar area callous ; olive-yellow, densely painted with flexuous brown streaks. SowERBY, Conch. lUus. f. 49. Thesaurus Conch, part 1 0. p. 531. pi. 115. f. 213-215. N. Elleppenniiiin, Eccluz. Hab. River Jordan. A stout solid species, painted tliroughout with close-set red-brown flexuous streaks. Fig. 130. (Mus. Cuming.) The specimen here figured proves to be a characteris- tic variety of N. violacea, represented at Plate XXVII., Fig. 123. Species 131. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina tenebricosa. Ner. tedd depresne ylobo-vl, teuuiculd, spird parvd, parmn exsertd, anJ'riirlUnis subplano-comexh, ared columellari angustd, dirliri, ape/i/ira .•i/'fji>„//i/ci ; fumeo-oUvaced, lineis nigrk acute undid ut I V I niiisrri-hl'i p'lctd. The dakk-suaued Neritina. Shell depressly globose, rather thin, spire small, but little exserted, whorls rather flatly convex, columeUar area narrow, slanting, aperture rather large ; smoky-olive, painted with sharply zig/ag transverse black lines. C. B. Adams, Contributions to Conchology, p. 175. Hab. Jamaica. A light subglobose species, painted with close-set sharply zigzag black Hues upon a dull smoky-olive ground. Species 132. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Dringii. Ner. testd depresse oblongd, subcon- tortd, .ipird vix exsertd, plus minus erosd, anfractibms super He u/ijn dri,ldr ,l,rl l,l,Jl- 'dull. .ilrrdm, varie fasi-int pictd. Dring's Neritina. Shell depressly obloug, somewhat contorted, spire scarcely exserted, more or less eroded, whorls impressly concave round the upper part, pli- cately striated, then convex, columellar area nan-ow, slanting; black, variously banded with yellow, some- times painted with minute waved black lines. Recluz, MS., Mus. Cuming. '•''- Hub. North Australia. Very distinct in character, both with respect to I'orni and painting. Species 133. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina turbida. Ner. testd orbiculari, perdepressd, temd, spird parvd, vix exsertd, anfractibus corwexis, concentrice striatis, ared columellari mbampld, callosd, upcrturd expansd ; fumeo-oUvaced, nii/ro obscure re- lirnhiid. The disturbed Neritina. Shell orbicular, very de- pressed, thin, spire small, scarcely exserted, whorls convex, concentrically striated, columellar area rather large, callous, aperture expanded ; smoky-obve, ob- scurely reticulated with black. Morelet, Test. Nov. Americ;c Centralis, p. 27. Hab. River Machaquilan, Guatemala. k light, orbicularly depressed shell, peculiiuly thinly rotundately expanded. January, 1856. jcntiim , FLIU. # €> 0 [ MoJeialrly .-nlurgod .) ■fincent Bioaks Imp NERITINA. Plate XXX. Species lo-i. (Fig. 134' and 135, Mus. Cuiniug.) Neuitina glabeata. Ner. testa obliqtie ovatd, soUdd, ■ipird obtusd, anfractihus convexis, Itsvibiis, niteidihus, area columellari dense callosd, aperttird niimdd; hi- tescente-albd, nigro fasciatd vel varie lineatd. The smooth Neritina. Shell obliquely ovate, solid, spire obtuse, whorls convex, smooth, shiniug, colu- mellar area thickly callous, aperture very small ; yel- lowish-white, banded or variously lineated with black. SowERBY, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 535. pi. 116. f. 356-363. I lab. ? A beautifully polished, callous, pea-like shell, variously t'licii'cled with black bauds or lines. 136. (Fig. a, b, iVIus. Cuming.) Nebitina Desmoulinsii. Ner. testd depressi orbicit- lari, spird obtuse plamtd, jjliis minus erosd, anfracti- hus convexis, lavibiis, ared cotmuellari subangustd, de- dim, aperturd ampld, rotnndato-expamd ; carlonario- nigra. Desmoulins' Neritina. Shell depressly orbicular, spire obtusely flattened, more or less eroded, whorls convex, smooth, columellar area rather narrow, slanting, aper- ture large, rotundately expanded; coal-black. Recluz, MS., Mus. Cuming. Hab. Tahiti. Distinguished chiefly by its depressed rotundately ex- panded aperture. Species 137. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina lutesta. Ner. testd ovatd, tenuiculd, spird subexsertd, anfractihus convexis, concentrice -itriatis, ared columellari declivi, aperturd subexpansd ; sordide fulod, rufo-fiiscescente obscure tessellatd. The soiled Neritina. Shell ovate, rather thin, spire moderately cxsorted, whorls convex, concentrically striated, columellar area slanting, aperture slightly expanded ; dull fulvous, obscurely tessellated with red-browu. Mouelet, MS., Mus. Cuming. Hab. Portugal. A thin, dull-looking species, almost of the texture of a Lyiinuea, but nevertheless prettily variegated with rudily Species 138. (Pig. r^ b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Afbicana. Ner. testd sttborbicutari, spird parrd, vix exsertd, anfraclibiis plam-convexis, area columellari subangustd, declioi; sordide nlbd, liueis uigricantibus eximiisjlexuosis iuterrupiis nofafd. The African Neritina. Shell suborbicular, spire small, scarcely exserted, whorls flatly convex, columellar area rather narrow, slanting ; dull white, marked with delicate interrupted black flexuous lines. Ilah. Africa. A small, rather compressly convoluted species, markeil with characteristic faintly pencilled blackish flexuous lines, more or less interrupted. January, 1S56. ^Wltwa.^l.x.UI. 0 # NERITINA. Plate XXXI. Species 13y. (Fig. n, h, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Macri. Ner. testa ovatd, spird subexsertd, plus minus erosd, anfractibus superne leviter impressis, cleinde convexis, 1/svibns, area cohtmelluri decUvi ; ni- tente-atrd. The Macri Neritina. Shell ovate, spire slightly ex- serted, more or less eroded, whorls faiutly impressed round the upper part, then convex, smooth, columel- lar area slanting -, shining black. Recluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 531. pi. 116. f. 222. Hab. Asia Minor; Lieutenant Spratt, R.N. A small shining jet-black species, with the spii'e gene- rally more or less eroded. Species 140. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina carinata. Ner. testd subglobosd, spird pla- natd, plus muiiis erosd, anfractibus superne concam- angulatis, deinde rotutidato-carinatis, infra convexis, ared columelhiri decliri ; pallide virescenfe, lineis oll- caceo-nigrisjlexuosis confertim pictd. The keeled Neritina. Shell subglobose, spire flat- tened, more or less eroded, whorls concavely angled round the upper part, then rotundately keeled, con- vex beneath, columellar area slanting; pale green, painted with close-set flexuous, olive-black lines. Koch, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 516. pi. 114. f. 157, 15S. Hab. ■? Strongly characterized by a prominent rounded keel, which gives a concavely angled structure to the upper part of the whorls. Species lU. (Fig. «,/., c, r/, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Mertoniana. Ner. testd ovatd, suhjlobosd, solidd, spird parnm exsertd, obtusd, anfractibus con- vexis, lavibns, nitentibus, ared columellari plus miiias callosd ; fjriseo-albd, itigricante varic retictdutd et fasciatd. Merton's Neritina. Shell ovate, subglobose, solid, spire but little exserted, obtuse, whorls convex, smooth, shining, columellar area more or less callous ; greyish-white, variously reticulated and banded with black. Eeclcz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 71. Neritina nehulata, Recluz. Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines (on stones in a small stream) ; Cuming. A subglobose callous shining species, variously rcticu- lately banded and enlaced with black upon a greyish-white ground. Species 142. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Rangiana. Ner. testd oblongo-ovatd, depre.'ixd, Haliotidiformi, .^pird pared, iJj/iiw e.r.si'rid, anfractibus superne rude angulatis, dfiiiienUN,iJ'l.n\iy ^ ^ D ^ :m % %' y-.ucj.X. binok.s IlT NERITINA Plate XXXIV. Species 153. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cumiug.) Neritina vibidis. Nei\ testa, oblique civali, spird parvd, parmn exsertd, anfmctibm convexis, subcaiffustis, lavi- bus, Hiteutibus, area columellari callosd ; pellucido- virescente, pmictk albis Unmqite iM/ris cnpiMarlbi/s mrieijatd. The okeen Neeitina. Shell obliquely oval, spire small, but little e.xserted, whorls convex, rathei- narrow, smooth, shining, columellar area callous : transparent green, variegated with black hair lines and white dots. LiNN^us, Syst. Nat. (12th rdit.), p 12.54. Hab. West Indies. Chiefly distinguished by its narrow nbl form, and semitransparont substance. ivate and Wttn Figs. 154 and 156. (Mus. Cuming.) The specimens iiere figured represent the N. Michaudi , Mus. Cdimiiig.) Neritina Numidica. Ner. lestd omtd, sjiird parvd, iJu- ftucfd, mifractibtts comexis, tumidimculh, lavibiis, nred columellari subnmpid, excavato-planata ; nigra. The Numidian Neritina. Shell ovate, spire small, dis- tinct, whorls convex, slightly tumid, smootli, colu- mellar area rather large, excavately flattened ; black. Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. .3tfl. f. 179. llah. Numidia. A black ovate form of N . jlmnatUh. Species 170. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina arctilineata. Ner. testa subobUqiie ovatd, spird parvd, mifractibus convexis, lavibus, area colu- mellari siibangiistd ; lutencente, Vmeis nigris Jlexuosis dense pictd. Tfie close-lined Neritina. Shell rather obliquely ovate, spire small, whorls convex, smooth, columellnr area rather narrow ; yeUowish, densely painted with flexuous black lines. Recluz, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. ]>. .5.31. Hub. ■ — -? An obliquely ovate species, of rather light substance, painted with close-set flexuous lines upon a yellowish jrround. Species 171. (Mus. Chimmo.) Neritina Chimmoi. Ner. testa ovatd, spird quasi ex- sertfi, erosfi, anfractihus superne concavo-impressis, spirali/cr sulcatis, sulcis superficiariis, -vtbjlexuosis, irregularibus, juxta suturam confertioribus, ared co- lumellari subangustd, declivi, leevi ; carbonario-atrd, ared columellari tistnlato-sanguineo intense linctd. CiiiMMo's Neritina. Shell ovate, spii-e as though ex- serted, altogether eroded, whorls concavely impressetl round the upper part, spirally grooved, grooves su- perficial, rather flexuous, irregular, closer next the suture, columellar area rather narrow, slanting, smootli; cdal- with scorched irab. ? lack, columellar art xiod-rolour. deeply staine This fine species, in which the columellar area is cha- racterized by a peculiar burnt blood-stain, was collected liy Lieutenant Chimmo, we believe, in Australia or New Zealand. Owing to the absence of the collector abroad J .•iin unable to verify the locality. Species 173. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina Panayana. Ner. testd oblique ovatd, tenui, tiniudiusculd, spird atteniiatd, compressd, ared colu- mellari subampld, excavato-planata ; lutescente, Uriels iiigris tenuibm jlexuosm dense pictd. The Panay Neritina. ■ Shell obliquely ovate, thin, rather swollen, spire attenuated, compressed, colu- mellar area rather large, excavately flattened ; yel- lowish, densely painted with fine fiexuous black lines. Sowekby, Thesaurus Conch, part 10. p. 517. pi- 115. f. 191. Ilab. River Dingle, Island of Panay (on small stones) ; Cuming. A delicate shell, of light semitransparent substance, compressly attenuated towards the spire. Species 173. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neritina inuuinata. Ner. testd subquadrato-ovatu, spird parvd, anfractihus convexis, tumidiusculis, ared columellari subexcavaid ; olivaced, Uneis tenuibus ni- gris marmoratd et reticulatd. Th£ dyed Neritina. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, spire small, whorls convex, rather swollen, columellar area slightly excavated ; olive, mottled and reticu- lated with tine black lines. JIorelet, Mus. Cuming. Hub. ? C)f a rather square ovate form, closely mottled and re- ticulated with black lines upon an olive ground. NERITINA. Plate. Spfcics. aciculata, March XXIV. 108 aculeata, Gmelin XVIII. 84 Adansoniana, i?«cfej XXXIl. 14.5 adumbrata, Reece XII. 57 Africana, Reeve XXX. 138 amphibia, Lesson II. 7 Anatensis, Reclii: XXXVI. 166 Anatolica, Recluz XXXIII. 148 angulosa, Recluz XL 51 apiata, Recluz XXII. 98 aquatiUs, Reere XV. 73 arctilineata, Recluz XXXVII. 170 aspersa, Recluz XXVI. 114 asperulata, Recluz X. 45 aterrima, Koch XVI. 78 auriculata, Laniarck- XVII. 83 avellaiia, Recluz XIV. 64 Bacoui, iffwe XXVIH. 127 Beckii, i?(?cZ«.' in. 11 bella, Busch XX. 90 Bengalensis {Nerita), Cliemn. . . XL 50 bicanaliculata, Recluz XVII. 79 bicolor, Recluz I. 5 Bouvguignarti, Recluz XXXllI. 149 Brasiliana, Recluz XXL 92 brevispina, Lamarck VI. 28 Bruguieri, Recluz X. 46 calata, Recluz XIV. 67 Caffra, Grai/ VIII. 37 Californica, Rme IV. 20 canalis, Sowerby I. 1 c&nn&ta, Koch XXXI. 140 cariosa, Gray XIII. 60 cassiculum, Sowerby XXVI. 118 Chimmoi, Aw« XXXVII. 171 chlorostoma, Broderip XXII. 94 Christovaleusis, Reeve XXXIII. 15U cii'cumvoluta, Recluz VIII. 35 communis, Quoy XIX. 88 cornea (Nerita), Linn ... II. 7 cornuta. Reeve XIII. 63 corona (Nerita), Linn , . VI. 27 Crepidularia, ia/«a/rX' VIII. 38 Cumiugiana, Recluz IX. 41 euprina, Recluz XXII. 97 Cuvieriana, Recluz XVIII. 87 DaUalica, Partdi XXVIII. 125 Danubialis, Zieffler XXVII. 122 depressn, Benson XVIII. 86 Desmoulinsii, Recluz XXX. 136 diadema, Recluz V. 22 dilatata, Broderip XVII. 81 dolium. 7?fcfa.- III. 15 Douovani, Recluz VI. 25 Dringii, Recluz XXIX. 133 dubia, Ckemmlz XX. 90 Elleppenensis, Eecluz XXIX. 129 elouffalula, Morelet XXXVI, 165 faba, Sowerby XIV. 65 fasciata, Lamarck XX. 90 Floridana, Shuttleworth XVIII. 85 fliiviatilis, LinucBus XXVIII. 125 Fraseri, Reeve XX^ . 113 Mgetnnn, Reeve XXIII. 103 gagates, Lamarck X. 47 glabrata, Sowerby XXX. 134 granosa, Sowerby . IV. 18 Guadianensis, Morelet XXVII. 120 Guayaquilensis, D'Orbiijny . . XXIII. 104 Gninerii, Recluz XXVIII. 128 inquinata, Morelet XXXVII. 173 insculpta, Reeve XV. 70 intermedia, Broderip III. 14 inteiTupta, Recluz XLV. 66 Jordani, Sowerby XXIX. 129 iosii, Recluz XXVI. 117 Knorri, Recluz II. 6 labiosa, Sotcerby I. 3 latissima, Broderip III. 13 l-A^ax&i, Reeve XXIV. 105 Leachii, Eecluz XXI, 92 lentiginosa. Reeve XXV. 110 lineolata, Lamarck XII. 54 Listeri, P/('#r XV. 71 longispina, Recluz V. 21 luctuoza, Recluz XXXV. 162 lugubris, PhUippi XXXV. 160 Iwiesia, Morelet XXX. 137 Macgillivrayi, Reeve IV. 16 Macri, Recluz XXXI. 139 Marchionata, Reeve HL 12 melanostoma, Troschel ...... VIII. 38 raeleagris, Lamarck XXV. 113 meridionalis, PhUippi • XXXVI. 165 NERITINA.— INDEX. Mortoniana, Recht: Michaudi, Rcduz Michouii, Bourguignarli Mittrema, Recluz XXXI. XXV. XXXVI. XXXIV. VI. XXXVI. IX. XVI. XXIII. XXXI. XXXIV. XXIV. XXXV 11. V. XXVI. I. XXXVI. IV. XIII. XXXVII. IV. XXXV. XXVIII. II. XX. XXIII. IV. XXXIII. VII. XVI. XXXIV. XXV. II. X. XXI. XXXI. XXXII. VIII. XI. . XX. XXVII. XXXIII. VII. XV. XII. XVII. Ul 109 164 1.56 37 165 43 75 103 141 157 107 169 33 116 16S 17 59 173 18 159 134 90 101 19 152 30 76 155 Ul 9 48 93 142 146 34 53 90 131 151 31 69 58 83 sanguinea, Sowerhy .... .. X. ... VIII. 44 36 serratilineata, Ziegler . . .. serralata, Recluz siderea, Gould Siquijorensis, Recluz .. XXVII. . . . XII. . . XXXV. . . XXVII. .... IX. 122 55 161 MoreJeti, Eecluz 119 42 .... IX. 40 Navigatoria, Reeve nebulata, Recluz Nilotica, Reeve Novo-Caledonica, Reew Numidioa, Redu: solida, Eecluz .... I. .... XVI. 2 77 Solomonensis, Reeve Souleyetana, Recluz .... So\erbii, Recluz spinifera, Recluz spinosa, Sowerby spiralis. Reeve .... XXIV. .... XXVI. .... XX. .... XI. .... XI. .... XXllI. I. 106 115 89 49 obtusa, Bemon 52 99 Oualauensis, Recluz 4 squamosa, Recluz .... XII. VII. 56 Oweniana, Gray 31 striolata, Recluz .. XXlll. lOO papulosa, Jay subauriculata, Recluz ... subgranosa, Recluz ... XVII. V. 80 34 PeiTOtettiana, Recluz Petitii, Recluz PldUpphmmni, Sowerby . VI. 26 II. 10 Succinea, Recluz sulcata, Nyst ... XXXV. .... XVIII. 158 84 piperina [Nerila), Chemnitz . . . Taliitensis, Lesson tenebricosa, C. B. Adams. thermalis, Baubc Tourauensis, Souleyet . . . transversalis, Ziegler trifasciata Menke . . . ... XIII. .... XXIX. XXXVI. ... VIII. .... XXXII. . . XXXII. 63 131 167 Powisiana, Recluz Prevostiana, Sowerhy pulclira, Sowerby puUigera (Nerita), Liuna;iis . punctulata, Lamarck pupa, Limieeiis Rangiana, Recluz rarispina, Recluz 38 143 147 triserialis, Sowerby tristis, L)' Orh'ujny Tritonensis, Le Guillou. . . turbida, Morelet turrita {Nerila), Cherau. . Tiu-toni, Sowerhy vespertiiia, Nuttall . . ... . .... XXII. .... XXXII. .. . XIV. .... XXIX. .... VII. ... XVI. .... XIII. .... XXVII. 95 144 68 133 31 74 Recluziana, Le Guillou reticulata, Quoy reticulata, Sowerhy rostrata. Reeve 61 123 virginea, Lamarck viridis, ii«« .... XXI. .... XXXIV. IX 92 153 39 rugata, Recluz Sandalina, Recluz Sandwichensis, Deshaye-s zebrina, Recluz zebroides. Lesson zigzag, Lamarck .... XX.XVI. . . XX. VII. 163 90 29 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS N A T I C A It sees the oceau to its bosom clasp The rocks aad sea-sand with the kiss of peace ; It sees the wild winds lift it in their grasp, And hold it up, and shake it like a tleecc. The startled waves leap over it ; the storm Smites it with all the scourges of the rain, And steadily against its solid form Press the great shouUlcrs of the hurriiane." — Lunijfeliow. ]^(jUi(^ PL J. > # i SowEfiiy dfl *ith Vmrrat Broofe % NATICA. Plate I. Genus NATICA, Adcmson. Tenia globosa vd neritoidea, interdiim aperti bijlntii, ^pird irevi, scspisslme rix exsertu, aiifractibiis pa/tcia, iimhi- licum amplum formantUms, mine caUosUute dciiad hn- pleto, nunc callodtate colmnnari qjiraliter iidrantc, apertiird plerumqiie plus miwu^ lunari. Operculum interdum, testaceim, sapissinie corneum, spirale. Shell globose or neritoid, sometimes openly inflated, spive short, very often scarcely exserted, whorls few, form- ing a large umbilicus, which is sometimes filled with a dense callosity, sometimes with a columnar callosity entering spirally, aperture generally more or less lunar. Operculum sometimes testaceous, generally horny, spiral. The comparatively recent discovery that the soft parts of Natica are similar to tliose of Si(jaretm, requii-ed that these genera, which in Lamarck's time wore arranged at some distance from each other in the system, should be brought into more immediate relationship. By malacolo- gists, indifferent to the characters of the shell, the Natica have been removed to the Siffaivli ; but conchologists, un- willing to lose sight of their obvious and long-acknow- ledged affinity in this respect with the Nerites, have caused the Sigareii to be removed to the Neritacea. It was by the French navigators, MM. Quoy and Gaimard, during the voyage of the ' Astrolabe,' that the animal portion of Natica was first fully observed, though figm-ed a century before by Adanson. Dift'ering essentially from that of Nerita, it proved to be of very much larger dimensions in proportion to the size of the shell, distinguished by a broad mantle-like expansion of the foot, and characterized by a more or less thickened circular ridge, holding the shell, and sometimes almost concealing it from view. The Natica has, moreover, a retractile proboscis, which the Nerite has not, and it is of more predaeeous habits. The lobe which carries the operculum is also largely developed and reflected over the shell. The animal of Sigaretius is of similar structure ; and looking alone to its distinctive features of organization, there is little family relationship between it and the typical soft parts of Neritacea. The shells of Natica are not particularly variable in form. They are nearly all of the same peculiar semiglo- bose, lunar-apertured plan of convolution, which is cha- racteristic of the Nerites, mostly largely umbilicated, but having the umbilicus sometimes filled up with callous enamel, and sometimes partially filled with a peeidiar spiral columnar callosity. Little, however, as this varia- tion is, the Natica have been divided into seven genera : — Natica proper {N. canrena), Liouitin, Lamarck (iV. moidli- fera), Neverita, Kisso {N. alhiimeii), Ampullina, Lamarck {N.Jliwtuata), Ruma, Chemnitz {N. Maura), Mamma, Klein (iV. mamiiiiUa), and Naticiiia, Gray (iV. papilla). The chief conchological distinction between the genera Nerita and Natica is, that whilst the Nerites are mostly strongly grooved, and otherwise sculptured, and richly painted, the Natica are smooth and polished, as is almost invariably the ease with shells more or less enveloped by the soft parts of the animal, and painted, generally with light co- lours. The Nulira' live mostly in sandy and muddy beaches, at about low-water mark, and are strictly caruivorous. Speaking of a large species, N. /leros, inhabiting the shores of Massachusetts, Dr. Gould says, in his history of the Invcrtebrata of that State; — "This, in common with other species of Natica, is very voracious, and plays a conspicuous part in devouring the dead fish and other animals which are thrown up by the tide. Many of the shells thrown upon the shore are found to be perforated with a small round hole : this is done principally by the difi'erent species of Natica. They have the power of per- forating shells, it is generally supposed, by discharging an acid which decomposes the shell, and through the aper- ture they extract the juices, and destroy the lives of the otherwise secure inhabitants. Their foot is very large, so as to completely envelope the objects on which they prey. In moving, they burrow in the sand, so as to be almost entirely concealed by it, and their place is generally indi- cated by a small heap of sand. The singular nidus in which the animal of Natica deposits its eggs has been an object of much curiosity and speculation. It is a mass of sand glued together into the shape of a broad bowl, open at the bottom, and broken at one side. Its thickness is about that of an orange-peel, easily bent without breaking when damp, and when held up to the light will be found to be filled with little cells, arranged in quincunx order. Each of these cells contains a gelatinous egg, having a yellow nucleus, which is the embryo shell." Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) Natic.\ Ca.aipeachiensis.. N,iI. Icsld umliiticatd, de April, 185 NATICA.— Plate I. presso-globosd, crasm, suhtus cancavd, spird parvd, coHvexo-depressd, anfractihm ohliqiie striatic, superne coiicavo-declwibus, deiiide rotundafis, aperturd pyri- formi-ovatd, Iwrizontali, coltmidld teiiuicidd, ciillo- sitate ampld laid spirali mnblUciim fere impletitp ; pallide grised, callositate et aperturce fauce caataneo- spadiceis. The Campeachy Natica. Shell umbilicated, depressly globose, thick, concave beneath, spire small, coii- vexly depressed, whorls obliquely striated, concavely slanting at the upper part, then rounded, aperture pyi-iformly ovate, horizontal, columella rather thiu, with a large broad spiral callosity nearly filling the umbilicus; light grey, callosity and interior of the aperture chestnut-fawn. Eecluz, MS., Mus. Cuming. Hall. Campeachy Bay, Gulf of Mexico. This fine species is distinguished from its congeners of the same gigantic dimensions, by its more depressly glo- bose fonn and flattened spire. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica heros. Nat. testa profimde umbilicatd, globom- tiirbinatd, temdcidd, injlatd, spird subexsertd, a/ifrac- J'ractibus rotimdatis, liBvit/atis, superne subdepressis, juxta suturam obsolete plicato-margbudk, aperturd mboblongd; sordide c'mered, epidermide temii fidvidd indidd, intiis fmcescente. The hero Natica. Shell deeply umbilicated, globosely turbinated, rather thin, inflated, spire rather ex- serted, whorls rounded, smooth, slightly depressed at the upper part, obsoletely plicately margined nest the suture, aperture suboblong; dirty ash, covered with a thin fulvous epidermis, interior brownish. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 248. Hab. Bay of Massachusetts, United States (on sandy and muddy beaches) ; Gould. This fine species, distinguished by a rather light, glo- bose form, is very closely allied to iV. diipUcata, so near, indeed, that we have great doubt of its being actually distinct. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Recluziana. Nat. testd obtecte mnbUicatd, co- idco-tiirbinatd, cramssimd, snbtns excavato-depressd, xpird siihi'xsertd, obtusd, anfractibns Icsvibus, .vipeme dc'divihus, Infra convexis, aperturd oblique contractd, colmnelld callositate densissime super umMlicum crasse refle.vd ; sordidi cinered, juxta stduram obscure fmco- fasciutd, c(dlositate carueo-fnscescade. Recluz's Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus, co- nicaUy turbinated, very thick, excavately depressed beneath, spire rather exserted, obtuse, whorls smooth, slanting at the upper part, convex below, aperture obliquely contracted, columeOa with a very dense callosity thickly reflected back over the umbilicus; dirty ash, obscurely brown-banded next the sutm'e, callosity flesh-brown. Deshayes, Mag. de Zool. 1841. Moll. pi. 37. Hab. California; Plinds. This fine species is remarkably characterized by its heavy growth and monstrous callosity. The shell figured by Dr. Gould at No. 1G4 of his work on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts as a variety of iV. dupUcata appears to be an immatm-e N. Reclu:iaua. Salin::'riL .^^ ^ 0" NATICA, Species -1-. (Mus. Cuming.) NiTICA DUPLICATA. Nat. tl'dii SIlMll'Cli lUilbUicilId, siihoUongo-globosd, spird exsertd, anfractibus IcBvibus, rotimdalis, s/ipenie subdi'press'iK, ad mtnrnni obsolete liiartjbiatis, aperturd snboblongd, lahro coluhidlari mib- callom ; sordide cinered, epidermide tfiini fidrhh! in- diitd. The duplicate Natica. Shell with a slightly covered umbilicus, suboblong-globose, spire exserted, whorls smooth, rounded, a little depi-essed at the ujiper part, obsoletely margined at the suture, aperture rather oblong, columellar lip rather callous; dirty- ash, covered with a thin fulvous epidimnis. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphin, vol. ii. p. iM. Hob. Bay of Massachusetts, United States ; Newfoundland. This species scarcely differs from N. Iicros, inhabiting the same locality, except in being of a more oblong form, which is of doubtful importance. The shell iigured by Dr. Gould for this species, in his work on the Invertebrata of JIassachu.setts, at No. 164, appears to be N. R('dii:iana. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica glauca. Nat. testa snpcrjicialifcr iiinhilicald, Jc- pri'.'iso-orbicidari, .11114118 excavatd, tciui'iciild, spird brc- rmiind, plano-concavd, anfractiius dense arcnuto-slr'ia- tk, dedm-convexis, ad peripheriam. obsolete rot audit to- car'matis, aperturd depresso-obllqud, labia saperiie le- riter siniiato, columeUd callositate insigni spirali, e.v- tits ptanatd ; plus minus glaued, intus nitente-castancd, cnllositate intense custancd. The grey Natica. Shell superficially umbilicated, dc- pressly orbicular, excavated beneath, rather thin, spire very short, flatly concave, whorls densely ar- cuately striated, slantingly convex, obsoletely rotun- dately keeled at the periphery, aperture deprcssly oblique, lip slightly sinuated at the upper part, co- lumella with a peculiar spiral callosity, outwardly flattened ; more or less grey, interior shining chest- nut, callosity dark chestnut. Humboldt, Deshaj^es, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. ('>.)1. Natica patnla, Sowerby in Zool. Journ. vol. i. p. GO, pi. 5. Hah. West Columbia (in sandy mud, deep water) ; Cuming. A light, concavely depressed species, with an extremely characteristic, flatly-abraded, spiral callosity. Humboldt's name for this species not having been fairly published by the illustrious traveller, would seem to give Mr. Sowerby's some authority, but that there is a fossil Natica patnla.. Species G. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Lamakckiana. Nat. testa aperte umbllicaid, de- presso-globosd, spird convexd, vix elevatd, anfractibus lavigatis, minute dny/ssfitljii s/rialis, aperturd oblongu- ovatd, subawpld, cului.ii'lUl tfimiculd, callositate lata, sulcata, rccurrd, uuibiUco ainplili'r angulato-o'caxvito ; spadiceo-grised, obscure fa sci aid, callositate castaned. Lamakok's Natica. Shell openly umbilicated, depressly globose, spire convex, scarcely raised, whorls smooth, minutely decussately striated, aperture oblong-ovate, rather large, columella rather thin, with a broad, grooved, recurved callosity, umbilicus largely angu- larly excavated ; fawn-grey, obscurely banded, callo- sity chestnut. Recluz, MS., ]\Ius. Cuming. Ilab. ? Eesembling N. problematica in form and colour, but of larger size, and differing slightly at the suture and umbi- lical excavation. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Ciiejinitzii. Nut. testa anguste subobtecti um- bilicatu, globosd, spird conve.tu,parum elevatd, anfrac- tibus oblique .^triatis, superne depresso-concavis, deinde rotundulis, aperturd pyrifurmi-oratd, colunielUl tenui- culd, callositate latissinid, recurcd, .sulcata ; pluuibeo- grised, subtus albidd, callositate et apertures fa uce cas- taneis. Chemnitz's Natica. Shell with a narrow partially co- vered umbilicus, globose, spire convex, but little raised, whorls obliquely sti'iated, depressly concave round the upper part, then rounded, aperture pyri- formly ovate, columella rather thin, with a very Ijroad, recurved, grooved callosity ; lead-grey, whitish beneath, callosity and interior of the aperture chest- lUlt. Keclvz, J\IS., Mus. Cuming. Ilab. ? This species presents exactly the same typical charac- teristics as the preceding, more globose in form, with the umbilicus only slightly angularly excavated, and the cal- losity broader and entirely pressed back. April, ^ Xaiim.PlJU m ■*>\ ,*^>- ■-cat Tincent 'Irook Imp NATICA. Plate III. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica glaucina. Nat. testa, depresw-globosd, siiHus e.v- cuvatd, (uiipliter muhUicatS., callou'dute crami, spirali, spird obtiisd, anfmctibiis rotmidatia, pnrtim leeviliiis, nitentihus, partim oblique striatis, apcrtiird parviun- c/tld, semilunar i ; carneo-cinered, spadieed infra su- turam, callo et apertura fauce purpurascente iiiictis. The glaucine Natica. Shell depressly globose, exca- vated beneath, largely umbilicated, with a thick, spiral callosity, spire obtuse, whorls rounded, partly smooth and shiniug, partly obliquely striated, aper- ture rather small, semilunar; flesh-tiuged ash, bufl' beneath the suture, callosity and interior of the aper- ture tinged with purple. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 62.5. Nerita glancina, Linnaeus. Hab. Mediterranean. This shell, inhabiting the Mediterranean, is, M. Des- haycs thinks, the recent analogue of the fossil N. olhi of M. Marcel de Serres. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) Xatica spadicea. Nat. testd profundi urMUmld, (jlo- bosd, spird brevi, aufractibus rotundatis, juxta. sutu- ram concavo-depressis et pUcato-striatis, apertiird lu- nari-ovatd, ampld, suhiffusd, cohmieUd callositate spi- rali mediocri ; albidd, fasciis casta/ico-fuscis diluiis cingulatd, epidermide tenui indutd. The fawn Natica. Shell deeply umbilicated, globose, spire short, whorls rounded, concavely depressed and plicately striated next the suture, aperture lunar-ovate, large, somewhat eft'used, columella with a moderate spiral callosity ; whitish, encircled with chestnut-fawn dilated bands, covered with a thin epidermis. Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 13th ed. Hab. Singapore (iu sandy mud at a depth of six fathoms) ; Cuming. A fine, elegantly spiral species, encircled with broad, undefined, diluted chestnut-fawn bands. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica fllx'TUAta. Nal. testd iviperforatd, subrjlobosd, spird brevissimd, apice acutd, aufractibus teiiuissinti striatis, ultimo peramjdo, oblique effuso, aperturd am- pld, patidd, cohimclld dense encaustd; palUde spa- diced, striffis albidis fluctuatis nolatd, columella ebur- iied, intense castaneo marginatd. The waved Natica. Shell imperforated, subgiobose, spire very short, sharp at the apex, whorls very finely striated, the last very large, obliquely effused, aper- ture large, open, columella densely enamelled ; light fawn, marked with waved white streaks, columella ivory-white, edged with deep chestnut. SowERBY, Tankerville Catalogue, Appendix, p. 12. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming. This fine Natica is distinguished from all other species of the genus by its obliquely effused form, waved and chestnut-stained colouring, and absence of umbilicus. Species 11. (ilus. Cuming.) Xatica Panamaensis. Nat. testd subanguste umbilicatd, ovato-globosd, subventricosd, subponderosd, spird brevi, apice acutd, anfructibus superne conve.vis, medio declivi- depressis, ad basin snbexpansis, minntissime decttssatim striatis, apertiird oblongo-semilimari, columella callosd; eburued, epidermide temdssimd indutd. The Panama Natica. Shell rather narrowly umbili- cated, ovately-globose, slightly ventricose, rather heavy, spire short, sharp at the apex, whorls convex at the upper part, slantingly depressed in the middle, rather expanded round the base, very minutely de- cussately striated, aperture oblong-semilunar, colu- mella callous ; ivory-white, covered with a very thin epidermis. Pecluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 181.3, p. 208. llab. Bay of Panama (in fine sand at ten fathoms) ; Cuming. A rounded species, of very pure white substance, pecu- liarly slantingly depressed round the middle, and densely encircled with very minute stria;. April, 1855, Xatica.Fl.IV. 6r« ^^ ^^ \ ,^. ty W NATICA. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica prrspicua. Nat. testa compreme perspective nmliilicata, ohlongo-oriitii, spird fnihtiirhbiatd, olitnsd, anfractibus snperiie di-c/iri-roi/rr.r/s, dtiiiife rotiiinhilis, /■aviffatis, vel minutissiiue deciixsulim slriulis, nJtiiiiu conspicue descendeiite, aperturd limari, cohuiieUd cal- losd, prtccipiie ad partem superiorem; rosaceo-albd, nmbilico castaneo. The perspicuous Natica. Shell compressly perspec- tively umbilicated, oblong-ovate, spire slightly turbi- nated, obtuse, whorls slantingly convex, then rounded, smooth, or minutely decussately striated, last whorl conspicuously descending, aperture lunar, columella callous, especially at the upjier part ; pink-white, umbilicus chestnut. Recluz, Petit, Journ. Conch, vol. i. p. 370. pi. 14. f. 1, 3. Hab. Mouth of the Oregon Eiver, Upper California; Lieut. Baskerville. The chief characteristic of this species consists in its open, compressly perspective purple-chestnut umbilicus, arising from the last whorl being loosely convoluted, and more than usually descending below the other. Species 1.3. (^lus. Cuming.) Natica Cumingiana. Nat. testa prof/mdissime perspec- tive umbilicatd, ovato-veiitricosd, solidiuscidd, spird obttmo-conoided, apice acuta, anfractibus lavibus, ni- teutibus, vel miuutissime striatis, ad sjttiiras callosis, deinde declivi-convexis, aperturd semitutiari, columelld leviter calloso-rejlexd ; anrantid vel aiirantio-spadiced, fasciis duabus albis dilntis spiratibiis jiixta svtnras. Cuming's Natica. Shell very deeply perspectively umbi- licated, ovately ventricose, rathei; solid, spire obtusely conoid, sharp at the apex, whorls smooth, shining, or very minutely striated, callous at the sutures, then slantingly convex, aperture semilunar, columella slightly callously reflected ; orange, or orange-fawn, with two spiral infused white bauds next the suture. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1813, p. 310. Eadera, Natica paUiidii, Recluz. Hab. Island of Cuyo, Philippines (in sandy mud, deep water) ; Cuming. This fine species is chiefly characterized by its infused white double sutural band, and deep perspective umbili- cus, on the columellar side of which there is only a mode- rate callosity. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica canrena. Nat. testa sitbangiiste profunde miibi- licatd, siibglobosd, ventricosd, spird brevi, subprominula, aiifracfib/is lavibus, spiraliler rotimdatli, ultimo antice suhdescciidente, aperturd semilmiari, colimdld callosi- tate mediocri; rufesceiite-cnsfaneu, :oiiis pallidis cin- gulatd, zonis strigis nigricaute-fHScis uiidntis longitu- dinaliter pictis, basi alba. The flamed Natica. Shell rather narrowly deeply umbilicated, subglobose, ventricose, spire short, rather prominent, whorls smooth, spirally rounded, the last somewhat descending in front, aperture semi- lunar, columella with moderate callosity; reddish- chestnut, encircled with pale zones longitudinally painted with zigzag blackish-brown streaks, base white. LiNN.Eus, Mus. Ulr. p. 674. Hab. West Indies. The zigzag-marked bands of this well-known species are sometimes neatly articulated. The operculum is cu- rious in being of a solid testaceous substance circularly grooved. Species 15. (JIus. Cuming.) Natica effusa. Nat. iestd profundi nvMlicatd, ovato- ventricosi, spird brevissimd, mamiUari, anfractibus convexis, nitentibus, miuutissime decussatim striatis, ad siitiiras opaco-callosis, nltimo subeffuso, aperturd sewiluiiari, columelld callositate mediocri; subpellu- cido-albd. The EFFUSED Natica. Shell deeply umbilicated, ovately ventricose, spire very short, mamillary, whorls con- vex, shining, very minutely decussately striated, opakely callous at the sutures, last whorl rather ef- fused, aperture semilunar, columella with a moderate callosity ; subtranspareut-white. SwMiNSON, Zoological Illustrations, pi. 104. Ilab. Moluccas. A rather light subpellucid-white effuseil mamillary spe- cies, a Uttle opake in the sutures. April, 1855. ^\ Xalicd . PL V. mmm *r^v-v-' / ?^ Ti NATICA, Species 10. (^^Eus. Cuming.) Natica pyeifoumis. Nat. testa oUecte umbilkatd, oh- lougo-pyriformi, spird parvd, mamillari, atifractihns superiie coiicavo-declivibus, delude convexis, ultiiiio siibeffuso, aperturd semiltmari, colmnelld callosd, cal- toutate lata, mnbilicimi impleide ; nitente-ebiirned. The pear-shaped Natica. Shell with a covered um- bilicus, obloug pear-shaped, spire small, mamillary, whorls concavely slanting round the upper part, then convex, the last somewhat effused, apertm-e semi- lunar, columella callous, callosity broad, tilling np the umbilicus ; shining ivory-white. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 311. Hab. Ilo Ilo, Island of Panay, Phihppines (on the sand at low water); Cuming. Mouth of the Huan Iviver, Australia (in sandy mud, ten fathoms) ; Lieut. Collie. A polished ivoiy species, chiefly distinguished by its oblong-pyriform effused growth. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Petiveriana. Nat. testa aperti umbilkatd, de- presso-orbicidari, subtus concavd, spird brevi, parum exsertd, anfractibus convexis, lavlbtis, vel minute de- cussatim striafis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, Jwri:oufali, columella tenuicnld, caUositate proiuiuente spirali sul- cata, mnbilico subanrjidato-excavato ; cinereo-griscd, pal/ide carulesceide stricjatd, subtus alliidd, callosi- tate et aperturee fance castaneis. Petiver's Natica. Shell operdy umbilicated, depressly orbicular, concave beneath, spire short, but little ex- serted, whorls convex, smooth, or minutely decus- sately striated, aperture lunar-ovate, horizontal, colu- mella rather thin, with a prominent grooved spiral callosity, umbilicus slightly angularly excavated ; ash- grey, faintly blue-streaked, whitish beneath, callosity and interior of the aperture chestnut. Recluz, MS., Mus. Cuming. Hab. Catbalonga, Island of Samar, PhiKppiues (on sand banks at low water) ; Cuming. Distinguished from several allied species of the same type, by its compressly orbicular form. Species IS. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica maculata. Nat. testa umbilicafd, ijlolmd, tur- gidd, spird paululicm exsertd, aiifractibns lavibus, vel obsolete strialis, rotmtdatis, aperturd semilnnari, levi- ter effitsd, columelld callositate spirali umbiticiim ui- traute ; Uvido-albidd, fulvo-sanguineo viaciihtd, mu- cidis obscure trizonatis, iutus rubescente-violaced. The spotted Natica. Shell umbilicated, globose, tur- gid, spire a little exserted, whorls smooth, or obso- letely striated, rounded, aperture semilunar, sbghtly effused, columella with a spiral callosity entering the umbilicus; livid white, spotted with fulvous-red, spots obscurely three-zoned, interior reddish-violet. Desiiates, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 045. Natica dense maculata, Chemnitz. Natica adspersa, Menke. Natica millepuudata, var., Philippi. Ilab. Mediterranean. The spots of this well-known species are more or less promiscuously blotched, and gather obscurely into IIhtc bands. Species 19. (ilus. Cuming.) Natica columnaris. Nat. testd aperte perspectice um- bilicatd, ovato-globosd, venttkosd, spird mJuuUl, i-i.r elevatd, anfractibus conve.vis, lavigatis, ad suturiim corrugato-striatis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, subumpld, effusd, colmnelld callositate conspicud spirali, umbdicu late angulato-excavato ; eburned. The columnar Natica. Shell openly perspectively um- bilicated, ovately globose, ventricose, spire very small, scarcely raised, whorls convex, smooth, wrinkle-stri- ated at the suture, aperture lunar-ovate, rather large, efi'used, columella with a conspicuous spiral callosity, umbilicus broadly angularly excavated ; ivory-white. Recluz, Petit, Journ. Conch, vol. i. p. 391. Uab. Pasacao, Province of South Camarines, Island ul' Luzon, Philippines (iu sandy mud at six fathonjs) ; Cuming. A shining white neritoid species, ventricose and effused, with a peculiarly open spirally excavated umbilicus. Api-il, 1855. Natica ,P/. 17. '^^ .ciii Biooks Imp NATICA. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) N.\TICA AURANTiA. Nat. tedd obkcte miiliUcald, ohlottr/o- ovatd, crassissimd, ponderosd, spird parvd, subcallom, apice didincto, anfradibus -minutissime decusmtim driatk, mperne concavo-dedivibus, ieinde subplaii/i- luto-co/ifp.ri.':, apertiird parra^ semilnnari, cohuneJld callosd, call nail II 1 1' hild, tii^ihiViciim hiiplnnle ; vividi; fulvo-annii/lui, riillo.vfalf rhiiriied. The orange Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus, obloiig-ovate, very thick, ponderous, spire small, rather callous, apex distinct, whorls very minutely decussately striated, concavely slanting at the upper part, then somewhat flatly convex, aperture small, semilunar, columella callous, callosity broad, filling up the umbilicus ; briglit fulvous orange, callosity ivory-white. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Dcshayes' edit.), vol. viii. p. 633. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (on the reefs) ; Cuming. A shell of very solid ponderous growth, of a brilliant fulvous-orange colour, distinguished by the delicate con- trast of the bright ivory-white enamelled callosity, which fills up the umbilicus. Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica problematica. Kal. tedd laQ aperte lunbUicafd, depnsso-orbicidari, subtus planatd, spird vix elevntu anfradibus convexis, siiperno concavo-drpressis et sub- tiliter plicato-s/ria/ix, u per turd liniari-oriitd, lwri:oii- tali, columelld caltusitnlr parrd, iiuihijico hdisdmi cx- cavaio; fflaitco-ci/wreii, rcrs/rs apicmi cn-rnleiiccufe,ca/- lositate etfauce apertnra castanns. The problematic N.atica. Shell broadly openly um- bilicated, depressly orbicular, flattened beneath, spire scarcely raised, whorls convex, concavely depressed, and finely plicately striated at the upper part, aper- ture lunar-ovate, horizontal, columella with a small callosity, umbilicus very broadly excavated ; glaucous- ash, bluish towards the apex, callosity and interior of the aperture chestnut. Naticg intermedia, Eecluz (not of Philippi). Hab. China. A depressed glaucous species, bluish towards the apex, but tinged with bright yelk-yellow beneath the suture. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Powisiana. Nat. testa aperte oblique iirnbili- catd, ovato-vcnlricosd, spird brevi, siibcallosd, apice aciild, anfradibus hcribiis, nitentibus, snperne siibcal- losis, coiivexis, apertiird semilnnari, colitiiielld callosi- tale mediocri; vivide ridienie-spadiced, fascia vitellim distindd juxta suturam, callositate et columelld ebur- Powis's Natica. Shell openly obliquely umbilicated, ovately veutricose, spire short, rather callous, sliarp at the apex, whorls smooth, shining, rather callous at the tipper part, convex, aperture semilunar, co- lumella with a moderate callosity; bright reddish- fawn, with a distinct yelk-yellow band next the su- ture, callosity and columella ivory-white. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1SI.3, p. 210. Hab. Moluccas; Cuming. This fine species is well characterized by the light band which encircles the whorls next the suture, it being pecu- liarly distinctly defined. Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica albula. Nat. testa obtede timbilicatd, depresso- ijlobosd, siibventricosd, snbtus planatd, spird minutd, apice acuta, anfradibus subqiiadrato-convexis, politis, obsolete sulciito-sfrialis, aperiiird luuari-ovatd, sub- effiisd, coltiiiielld densii callosd, callositate mnbiUcimi inipleute ; iiiteiite-eburiied. The whitish Natica. Shell with a covered umbibcus, depressly globose, subventricose, flattened beneath, spire very small, sharp at the apex, whorls somewhat s(piarely convex, polished, obsoletely groove-striated, aperture lunar-ovate, somewhat eft'used, columella densely callous, callosity filling up the umbilicus ; shining ivory-white. Eecluz, Petit, Journ. Conch, vol. ii. p. 194-. Hab. Pasacao, Province of South Caraarines, Island of Luzon, Philippines (in sandy mud at a depth of ten fathoms) ; Cuming. A shining ivory-white species, of rather square, effused, inflated growth, with a very small spire, and the umbilicus tilled up with callous enamel. April, lS.5o. Kanm.n.yu. ^ §mms ^^^M w «^W^! w^ /^' 8owa-L)/ 'M «lit>i ftiicent Brooks N A TIC A. Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) Natic.4. link ATA. Nat. tesld umhiUcatd, ijlohoso-reutri- cusd, ieiudcidd, spird subexsertd, mifractibus Iceciga- tk, rotimdath, aperturd semilunari, columelld tenui, calloutale spirali umbillcum semiclaudetite ; livido- albii/d, liiieh riifis JovgilnJhialibiis, leciU-r uiidnlalis nndiqne pktd. The lineated Natica. Shell umbilicated, globosely veiitricose, rather thin, spire somewhat exserted, whorls smooth, rounded, aperture semilunar, colu- mella thiu, with a spiral callosity, half-closing the umbilicus ; livid white, paiuted throughout with longitudinal, slightly waved red lines. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshaycs' edit.), vol. viii. ]>. 640. Hab. Singapore (in sandy mud at six fathoms) ; Cuming. This elegantly formed species, which is painted through- out with close-set slightly waved red lines, has a particu- larly columnar spiral callosity. It has also a shelly oper- culum. Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Maura. Nat. testd anguste suhobtecte umbilicald, ovnto-centricosd, spird parvd, anfradibus deciissatim striaiis, siibquadrato-cotwexh, aperturd ohlonrjo-semi- lunari, subampld, basi sicbeffusd, coltonelld lamina en- caiuid super umbUicum reoolutd ; undiq%ie intense castaned. The Moor Natica. Shell with a narrow nearly covered umbilicus, ovately ventricose, spire small, whorls de- cussately striated, somewhat squarely convex, aper- ture oblong-semilunar, rather large, a little efl'used towards the base, columella with enamelled lamina roUed back over the umbilicus ; everywhere deep chestnut. Beuguiere, Encyclop. Methodique, pi. 453. f. 4 a, b. Natica melttuostoiiia, var. b, Lamarck. Hab. San Nicolas, Island of Zebu, Philippines (on the reefs) ; Cuniiiig. It may still be doubted whether this species is not a variety of N. melanostomu ; it is, however, generally of [ shorter and more square growth, and they arc from dif- ferent localities. ! Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica millepuxctata. Nat. tesld late aperte umbili- cahl. ijhjhf)so-i-i-ntricosd, spird suhe.csertd, mifractibus l/rrii/iili.i, rulinidalis, ultimo gradaiim descendente, a per I lira si'iiiUunari, columelld mediocri, callositate parviusculd spirali ; lutesceide-albd, pu/ictis rujis con- fertis undique pictd. The thousand-spotted Natica. Shell broadly openly umbilicated, globosely ventricose, spire rather ex- serted, whorls smooth, rounded, the last gradually descending, aperture semilunar, columella middling, with a rather small spiral callosity ; yellowish-white, everywhere paiuted with thick-set red dots. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. p. 636. Le Mille Points, Favanue. Natica sterci/s-MUScarum, Enc. Methodique. Hab. Mediterranean. Distinguished by its characteristic painting of red dots, which in N. maculata, of the same typical form, from the same locality, are represented by confused blotches. Species 37. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica jiamilla. Nat. testd obtccte mnbiUcatd, sub- pyriformi-ovatd, ventricosd, spird parvd, anfradibus IcBvigatis, nitentibus, superne declivibus, deinde con- vexis, anfraciu ■ultimo antiee descendenie, oblique ef- fuse, aperturd semilmiari, columelld dense callosd, callositate laid, mnbiUeum implente ; undique eburned. The nipple Natica. SheU with a covered umbilicus, somewhat pyriformly ovate, ventricose, spire small, whorls smooth, shining, slanting at the upper part, then convex, last whorl descending in front, ob- liquely effused, aperture semilunar, columella densely callous, callosity broad, filling the umbilicus ; every- where ivory-white. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. p. 630. Nerita mauiilla, LinucCus. Uab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (in sandy mud, seven fathoms); Cuming. This we take to be the original type of the old Liini;ean Nerita n/amilla. April, 1S55 Xanni.Pl.m. Swverbv dd , st iith ViTicent. Brook;; Imp N A T I C A. Plate Vllf. Species 28. (Mus. Cumiug.) Natica candidissima. Nat. testa, sidobtecte umhiUcaid, glohom, poiiderosd, spird mimttd, vix elevatd, apice distindd, aufractibus decUvi-convexis, deinde roimi- datis, miiiutissinw decussatim striatis, aperturd parvd, obliqiid, semibmari, colxmeUd dense ca/losd ; nifetite- albd. The very white Natica. Shell witli a nearly covered umbilicus, globose, ponderous, spire very small, scarcely raised, distinct at the apex, whorls slant- ingly convex, then rounded, very minutely decus- sately striated, aperture small, oblif[ue, semilunar ; columella densely callous, shell white. Le Guillou, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, IS 12, p. 10.5. llab. Moluccas. Of a peculiarly short globose form, the spire being only faintly indicated, although distinctly developed at the apex. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica mamillaris. Nat. testa suhamjmle profiinde vmbilicatd, conoideo-ovatd, crassd, spird siibclaeatd, anfractibiis superm depresso-declivibus, deinde con- vexis, minutissime decussatim .•striatis, aperturd semi- lunari, parviusculd, colmnelld callosilate imdiocri ; fulvo-rubescente, basi alba. The mamillary Natica. Shell rather narrowly deeply umbilicated, conoidly ovate, thick, spire somewhat raised, whorls depressly slanting at the upper part, then convex, very minutely decussately striated, aper- ture semilunar, rather small, columella with a mode- rate callosity ; fulvous-red, white at the base. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. j). 638. Hab. West Indies. M. Deshayes has shown, in an elaborate note on this species, that the Linnrean Natica mamiUaris must refer to a freshwater shell, probably a Lyinnea. The shell re- presented in the accompanying Plate, which Lamarck took for his type, is well figured by Chemnitz. uiiihilicntd, ublonijo-ovatd, subpyrijornii, inmidd, spird parvd, anfractibus obligtie rude striatis, striis minu- tissimis spiralibtts impi-es-ns, anfractn ultimo sub(ffuso, aperturd oblonyo-semiliniari, niihdiiiphi, vuliiniclld lu- viiud eucausld super iniibHicuHi rrrulnhi ; nlhidil. car- neo-fnscesceule pallide hitijn.scinld, ml mia-lhl i-t vircu umbiUcum. intense castaned. The black mouth Natica. Sliell with a narrow nearly covered umbilicus, oblong-ovate, somewhat pear- shaped, swollen, spire small, whorls obliquely rudely striated, impressed with very minute spiral strias, last whorl somewhat efl'used, aperture oblong-semi- lunar, rather large, columella with enamelled lamina, rolled back over the umbilicus ; whitish, faintly broad- ly banded with light flesh-brown, columella and round the umbilicus dark chestnut. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes edit.), vol. viii. p. 631. Nerita melanostoma, Gmelin. Natica opaca, llecluz. Ilab. Sechelle Islands. Of a swollen, effused, somewhat pear-shaped, ovate form, very faintly dusky flesh-banded, rich dark chestnut on the columellar lamina and region of the umbilicus. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica melanostoma. Nat. testa anijuste subobtecte Species 31. (Mus. Cu Natica albumen. Nat. tenUi iirrdmiilili-r n„ibiticatd, couve.ro-depre.ssd, subtus e.i'ciiriihj-ijIiiiKild. yiird )ui- nutd, anfractibus convexli, lirriyntn, ad iniinilin.sime decussatim striatis, aperturd subanguste semilunari, umbilico late canaliculato, callositate conspicud cen- trali ; aurantio-ruhescente, subtus albd. The albumen Natica. Shell very largely umbilicated, ' convexly depressed, excavately flattened beneath, spire i very small, whorls convex, smooth, or very minutely decussately striated, aperture rather narrowly semi- lunar, umbilicus broadly channelled, with a conspi- cuous central callosity; orange-red, white beneath. Lamarck, Anim. sans" vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. ji. 628. Hab. Catbalonga, Island of Samar, Philippines (in sandy mud at six fathoms) ; Cuming. Tlus well-known species is remarkably ciiaraeterized by its very depressed convex form. April, 18E NaUealhlX. >^ m "% ,;^ ^ Vincent Brooks biT' NATICA. Plate IX. Pig 33. (Mus. Cuming.) This very delicately coloured shell is the var. (i, Jidea sen slraminea, of N. auraiitla, noted by Rechiz in Pro. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 211. It is from Port Essiugton, north coast of New Holland. Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica ALABASTEli. Nat. tesfS pi'oftmde umbilicatd, ah- breviato-globosa, veiitricosn, spird parvd, siihcaUosd, anfracfibus lavihus, rotiindatis, columeUd caUoso-re- volutd ; eburned. The ALABASTER Natica. Shell deeply umbilicated, shortly globose, ventricose, spire smaD, rather callous, whorls smooth, rounded, columella callously rolled back ; ivory-white. Hah. Mazatlan. A pure white species, distinguished by an inflated shortly globose form, with a very small spii-e. Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica plumbea. Nat. testa atiffiiste prof nude nmbili- catd, obloiKjo-turljinatd, spird conoided, apice acuta, anfraciibus rude diagonaliter striatis, ad snturam. ob- solete pUcatis, deinde rotundatis, apertiird ovatd, colu- mella superne calloso-encaustd ; plicmbeo-ffrised, plic/s ad suturam rufescentibus, marghie umbiUci et encausti columellari vlvide sanguineo. The leaden Natica. Shell narrowly deeply umbili- cated, oblong-turbinated, spire conoid, sharp at the apex, whorls rudely diagonally striated, obsoletely puckered at the suture, then rounded, aperture ovate, columella callously enameDed at the upper part; leaden-grey, pleats at the suture reddish, edge of the umbilicus and columeUar enamel bright red. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. p. 632. Natica sordida, Swainsou. Hab. Brisbane Water, east coast of Australia ; Strange. This fine species may be readily distinguished by its oblong-turbinated form and leaden-grey colour, the colu- raellar enamel and umbilicus being edged with deep blood-red. Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica deiodosa. Nat. testa obtecte umbilicatd, de- presso-omtd, neritoided, spird inimitd, laterali, an- fraciibus tenuistriatis, nitentibus, couvexis, wltimo ob- lique proloiigato, sitbtus planato, aperturd semilunari, parviusculd, columeUd densissinm callosd, callositate umiilicmn implente ; pallide stramined, callositate eburned. The svLriiUK Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus, depressly ovate, ncritoid, spire minute, lateral, whorls finely striated, shining, convex, the last obliquely prolonged, flattened beneath, aperture semilunar, rather small, columella very thickly callous, callosity filling the umbilicus ; pale straw-colour, callosity ivoiy-white. Hab. Australia. This fine species agrees in its debcate tone of colouring with the straw-coloured variety of N. auraiitia represented at Fig. 33, but is of quite a distinct form, being distin- guished by a particularly contracted Nerite-bke growth. 36. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Priamus. Nat. testa compresse anguste umiili- catd, abbreviato-globosd, temdculd, injlatd, spird mi- nutd, laterali, anfractibus couvexis, tenuistriatis, ni- tentibus, aperturd ovatd, ampld, effusd, columella la- iiiind callosd super umbiUcum revolutd ; pallide livido- castaned, spiraliter zonatd, macnlis brumieis panels promiscue cingnlatd. The Priamus Natica. Shell compressly narrowly um- bilicated, shortly globose, rather thin, inflated, spire very small, lateral, whorls convex, finely striated, shining, aperture ovate, large, efi'used, columella with a callous lamina rolled back over the umbOicus ; pale livid chestnut, spii'aUy zoned, encircled with a few promiscuous brown spots. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 213. Ilab. Moluccas. A very distinct species, allied to N. Maura, distin- guished by a pattern of marking somewhat similar to that which is characteristic of the genus Priamus. April, 1855. Nalim.Pl.X. X u W\ \^ \ Sowerlv Id ct litli IWent ^ooks Jn.) NATICA. Species 37. (Mus. Cumiug.) Natica Baconi. Nat. testa obtecte mibillcatd, ahhre- viato-irocliiformi, crassd, spird brevi, obtusd, avfractl- iiis obliqite dense miimtissime striafis, s/ijicnit: ih'rliri- biis, ad sutiiram rudibus et callosis, ad baiui rutmiihttis, aperturd semilunaj-i, horiiontali, coliiiiiel/d sidiaciitd, callositate densd rudi mnbiUcum implente ; candes- cente-gj-ised, h-regulariler pallide strigatd, basi al- hidd. Bacon's Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus, ab- breviately trochus-shaped, thick, spire short, obtuse, whorls obliquely, densely, very minutely striated, slanting at the upper part, rude and callous at the suture, rounded at the base, aperture semilunar, ho- rizontal, columella rather shaqi, with a rude dense callosity filling the umbilicus ; bluish-grey, irregularly pale streaked, white at the base. Hub. Mouth of the Swau River, New Holland ; Dr. Bacon. A solid trochoid species, of rude structure, of a bluish- grey colour, irregularly interrupted with pale streaks nm- nins into the base, which is white. Species 38. (^Mus. Cuming.) Natica intermema. Nai. te.std obtecte nvibilicatd, ob- lo/igo-globosd, cras.sd, poiide?-osd, .ipird pared, mncro- natd, anfractibus lavigatis, nitentibus, superne decli- vibus, delude plano-convexis, aperturd semilimari, co- Imnetld callositate densis.wnd, umbilicnm implente ; al- bidd, riifo-ferrugiiieo tliictd. The intermediate Natica. Shell with a covered um- bilicus, oblong-globose, thick, ponderous, spire small, pointed, whorls smooth, shining, slanting round the .upper part, then flatly convex, aperture semilunar, columella with a very thick callosity, filling the um- bilicus ; whitish, stained with red rust. Philippi, Kuster Conch, pi. 18. f. 10. Hab. ? This species, of a rather flattened oblong-globose form, with a small pointed spire, is peculiarly stained with red Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica vitellus. Nat. jirofnnd'i subanyiisfe unibilicald, globosd, solidiuscidd, spird brevi, apice acuta, anfrac- tibus rotundatis, loevigatis, aperturd semilunari, co- lumelld callosd, eticausto super umbilicum partim re- voluto ; ustulato-aurantid, maculis albis perpaucis pro- miscuis interrupid, columelld et apertura: fauce albis. The egg-yolk Natica. Shell deeply, rather narrowly umbilioated, globose, rather solid, spire short, sharp at the apes, whorls rounded, smooth, aperture semi- lunar, columella callous, the enamel partially rolled back over the lunbilicus ; burnt orange, inten-upted with a few promiscuous white blotches, columella and interior of aperture white. Lamarck, Auim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 637. Nerita vitellus, Linnreus. Ilab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (on the reefs) ; Cuming. This well-known species is always distinctly charac- terized by its peculiar burnt-orange colouring, interrupted w-ith a few gaps wanting colour. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica bifasciata. Nat. testd anguste subobtecte umbi- licatd, oblongo-globosd, spird subcxsertd, anfractibus dense minute striatis, rotundatis, spadiceo-fuscescente, ad suluras albis, fasciis angustis albis subdistantibus medio cingulatis, aperturd oblongo-ovatd, columelld callosd, encausto super mnbilicum pai-tim revoluto ; en- causto coluniellari intense violaceo-ca-staneo. The two-banded Natica. Shell with a narrow nearly covered umbilicus, oblong-globose, spire rather e.\- serted, whorls densely minutely striated, rounded, light fawn brown, white next the suture, encircled round the middle with two narrow, rather distant, wliite bands, aperture oblong-ovate, columella cal- lous, enamel partially roUed back over the umbilicus ; columellar enamel deep violet-chestnut. Gray, Griffith's Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, pi. 1. f. 2. Hab. Guaymas, Gulf of California (on the sands at low water) ; Mr. Babb, R.N. An elegant species, of a characteristic oblong-globose form, distinguished by two linear white bauds upon a light fawu-brown ground, the columellar euamel being a deep chestnut. Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica dubia. Nat. testd obtecte wmbilicatd, globosd, cras-id, ponderosd, spird parvd, snturd callosd, indis- tincld, anfractibus rotmidatis, politis, aperturd semi- liinari, parvd, columelld den-ie callosd, callositate um- bilicum implente; stramineo-ebiirned. TnE doubtful Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus, globose, thick, ponderous, spire small, suture callous, indistinct, whorls rounded, polished, aperture semi- lunar, small, columella densely callous, callosity fill- ing the umbilicus ; straw-tinted ivory. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1S43, p. 209. Hab. ChUi ? A very solid globular shell, of polished surface, lik(; straw-tinted ivory. .\pril, 185S ,>^^^ NatjivJ'I.XI. #^3 .s. i ' ^* ^'/li^ «eEb\; dtl ft Mk Ifcncent Brooks Imp NATICA. Plate XI. Species 43. (Mus. Cumiug.) Natica phytelephas. Nat. testa peranyuste profunde umbllicatd, globosd, solidiusculd, spird parvd, apice distittcfo, anfractibus lievibus, vel mitmte decussatim striatis, snperne leviter concavis, deinde plano-rotun- datis, aperturd spmihinnri, coliimelld caUosd, callosi- tate umb'dkiuii paiiim huplfnte ; fiilvfSceHte-albd, tmh- opacd. The ivory-nut Natica. Shell very narrowly deeply umbilicated, globose, rather solid, spire small, apex distinct, whorls smooth, or minutely decussately stri- ated, slightly concave at the upper part, then flatly rounded, aperture semilunar, columella callous, cal- losity partially filling the umbilicus ; yellowish-white, rather opake. Hab. Australia. A solid, globose, dead-white shell, rather coiicavcly flat- tened round the upper part of the whorls. Species 43. (Mus. Cumiug.) Natica septentrionalis. Nat. tedd obtecte umbilicatd, globosd, tenui, injlatd, sjiird sube.rsei'td, anfractibus ro- tniidutis, inhuite di'ciis.satiii/ alridHs, cpiji'i-iiiidr triini fnlrd hidiild, aperturd subp,jnj<,,;.ii-un,l,:, o,hnnrll,i tciiukidd, callositute alba piin-iilii vuihilh-iiui i„i- plfitte. The northern Natica. Shell with a small covered umbilicus, globose, thin, inflated, spire subexscrted, whorls rounded, minutely decussately striated, co- vered with a thin fulvous epidermis, aperture siib- pyriformly ovate, columella rather thin, with a rather small white callosity filling up the umbilicus. Beck, Cat. Moll. Rob. Greenland. A light inflated species o( JwpidlarinAike form, covered with a very characteristic close, thin, horny-yellowish epi- dermis. Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Draparnaudi. Nat. testa spiraliter tmbUicatd, depresso-globosd, iieritoided, crassd, ponderosd, .spird parvd, callosd, laterali, anfractibus Ixcigatis, iiitciili- bus, snperne leviter coiicavo-impressii, aperturd semi- lunari, columella dense callosd, mnbilico spiraliter an- gulato, callositate intrante ; vivide viiellino-auranlid, mnbilico et callositate all/is. Draparnaud's Natica. Shell spirally umbilieated, de- pressly globose, neritoid, thick, heavy, spire small, callous, lateral, whorls smooth, shining, slightly con- cavely impressed round the upper part, aperture se- milunar, columella thickly callous, umbilicus spirally angled, with callosity entering; bright yellowisli- orange, umbilicus and callosity white. Recluz, Petit, Jouru. Conch, vol. ii. p. 198. pi. 5. f. 11. Ilab. Isle of Bacleon, Philippines. A brilliant yellowish-orange neritoid shell, with a pecu- liar white-angled umbilicus. Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Philippiana. Nat. testd obtecte umbilicatd, de- presso-globosd, spird pluHO-convexd, vix elevald, an- fractibus concexo-declicibus, deinde rotundatis, Iccri- gafi-1, puli/is, aperturd pyriformi-ovatd, Itorizunlali. coluiiii'lld callositate densd rotundutd ; fidco-cincrrit, spird aurunlio-nifd, callositate et aperlnra fauci- aia- taiieo-rujis. PniLippi's Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus, depressly globose, spire flatly convex, scarcely raised, whorls convexly slanting, then rounded, smooth, pu- lished, aperture pyriformly ovate, horizontal, eolii- mella with a thick rounded callosity ; fulvous-asli, spire orange-red, callosity and interior of the aperture chestnut-brown. PiECLUz, MS., jMus. Cuming. Hab. Alexandria, Mediterranean. A highly polished reddish-ash shell, distinguished fruni N. glaucina by its more solid umbilical callosity. Species 4G. (Mus. Cumiug.) Natica globosa. Nat. testd profundi; uuibilirald. glo- bosd, .^pird parvd, anfractibus Irccibiis, uut miuutissiuii decussatim striatis, supenie dcclivibus, driudc rourt.i-i\, aperturd semilunari, columelld parum culhrnl ; albii, apice lirido-nigricante, fasciis talk dilute lidcuci-i'; cingulatd. The globose Natica. Shell deeply umlnlicated, glo- bose, spire small, whorls smooth, or very minutely decussately striated, slanting at the upper part, then convex, aperture semilunar, columella but little cal- lous; white, apex livid black, encircled with broad diluted blood-red bands. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. :3(J7. pi. 1^^. pi- l^-"'- 1897. Natica helvacea, Lamarck. Natica spadicea, car., Dilhvyn. Hab. Singapore (in sandy mud at six fathoms) ; Cumiug. A globose shell, encircled with broad diluted lawn-red bands, leaving the white ground uiost distinct ur\t flit- suture. April, 185.-: Satin,, PI. Xn. 0 \ ^r £ ^^ € ^^ ^ Sowerb,' del d Ml Secret Brooks Inrp. NATICA. Plate XII. Species 47. (Mus. Cumiug.) K.VTICA RAPULUM. Nat. teslii mignste proftmde nmbili- ctttd, globosd, teuuiculd, veuiricosd, sjiird parvd, su6- exserfd, apice acuta, anfraciibus rolundalis, 7timuth- ■ume deciissaiim striatis, apertttrd lunari-ovatd, colii- melld fenuiculd, callosd ; opaco-albd, epidermide stru- mined partim indidd. The little turnip Natica. Shell narrowly dcei)ly iim- bilicated, globose, rather thin, ventricose, spire small, slightly exserted, sharp at the apex, whorls rounded, very minutely decussately striated, aperture linear- ovate, columella rather thin, callous ; opake-white, partially covered with a straw-coloured epidermis. Hab. Payta, Peru (on mud-banks) ; Cuming. A light, opake-white species, partially covered with a light straw-coloured epidermis, with somewhat the form of an AmpuUaria. Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.) Xatica conica. Xat. testd anguste partim obtecic nmbi- Ikatd, oblongo-conicd, so/idd, spird awpld, exicrtd, anfractibus oblique tenuistriatis, convexis, infra siitn- rarii depresso-concavis, aperturd Itmari-ovatd, columeUd rnllosd, encauslo solidiiisculo, super mubilicum revoluto; fidvo-cinered, columelld fmneo-caslaneo iincld. The conical Natica. Shell with a narrow partially covered umbilicus, oblong-conical, solid, spire large, exserted, whorls obliquely finely striated, convex, de- pressly concave beneath the suture, aperture luuar- ovate, columella callous, enamel rather solid, rolled back over the umbilicus ; fulvous-asli, culumella stained with smoky-chestnut. li.MlARCK, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. ji. G33. llnb. Australia. Characterized chiefly by its conically turbinated form, and by the smoky-chestnut tinge of the columellar enamel. Species 49. (Mus. Cumiug.) Natica unifasciata. Nat. testa umbilicald, vciitricoso- globosd, spird subexsertd, apice aciitd, anfractibus mi- nute deeussatim striatis, rotundatis, superne leviter de- pressis, aperturd lunai-i-ovatd, efusd, columeUd teuui- culd, callositate spirali mubilicum fere implente ; vio- lascente-cinered, fascia albidd liiieari supra medium ringulatd. The one-banded Natica. Shell urabilicated, ventri- cosely globose, spire rather exserted, sharp at the apex, whorls minutely decussately striated, rounded, slightly depressed at the upper part, aperture lunar- ovate, effused, columella rather thin, with a spiral callosity nearly filling the umbilicus ; violet-ash, en- circled with a whitish linear band above the middle. Lamauck, Auini. sans vert. (Dcshayes' edit.), vol. viii. p. (•.40. Hub. Eay of Panama (on mud-banks at low water) ; Cuming. This species has, particularly, the form and general as- pect of an JmpuUuria. It has a shelly operculum. Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica monilifeka. Nat. testd anguste prof mde umbili- catd, globosd, subventricosd, spird exsertd, apice acutd, suturd lineari-iiiipressd, anfractibus rotundatis, Icevi- gatis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, columeUd temie callosd; fuho-glnucescente, superne maculis spadiceis serie unicd cingulafd. The necklace-marked Natica. Shell narrowly deeply umbUicated, globose, subventricose, spire exserted, sharp at the apex, with the suture linearly impressed, whorls rounded, smooth, aperture lunar-ovate, co- lumella thiidy callous; pale yellowish-glaucous, en- circled at the upper part with a single row of pale fawn spots. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. p. 638. Nerila glaucina, Pennant (not of Linn;eus). Nerita catena. Da Costa. Natica castanea, Lamarck. Natica squalida, Macgillivray. Hub. Em-opean seas. Well characterized by the necklace of fawn-red spots wiuch encircles the whorls next the suture. Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.) Xatica lehcoph^a. Nat. testd subanguste pnfunde umbilicatd, globoso-ventricosd, spird breviusculd, ob- tufid, anfractibus rotundatis, ad suturam obsolete pli- ca/is, ojierfurd piiriformi-ovatd, columeUd callosd, en- Cdiislij ■■iiqirr niiibilicum remluto ; plumbeo-grised, infra snlnniiii rufu tincHi, labro et encauslo columellari .lan- guineo-rufis. The grey Natica. Shell rather narrowly deeply um- bilicatcd, globosely ventricose, spire rather short, ob- tuse, whorls rounded, faintly plicated at the suture, aperture pyriformly ovate, columella callous, enamel rolling back over the umbilicus ; leaden-grey, stained with i-ed beneath the sutme, lip and columellar enamel red. Ilab. Australia. A very characteristic leaden-grey shell, of light Amput- fo;-ia-like form, stained with blood-red along the edge of the lip and columellar enamel, and round the upper edge of the whorls next the suture. Aprd, 1855. Xalim.PL Xm . m\ ^Si? ^ M' 4 K. ^ 'V NATICA. Species 52. (Mus. Cumiug.) Natica Maeociiiensis. Nat. testa umlilicatd, glohosu- ventricosd, spird exsertiusculd, anfractibm lamgatis, rottttidatis, aperturd lunar i-ovatd, suieffusd, columeUd tenniculd, callositate columnari spirali mnbilicum fire implente ; griseo-cmrulescente vel squalide rufd, niac/dis trigonis spadiceo-fimcis plus minus indistincte qninque- seriatiiu cingulatd. The Morocco Natica. Shell umbilicated, globosely veutricose, spire rather exserted, wliorls smooth, rouiiiled, aperture hmar-ovate, subeffused, columella rather thin, with a columnar spiral callosity nearly filling the umbilicus ; greyish-blue or dirty red, en- circled more or less indistinctly with five rows of arrow-headed fawn-brown spots, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. f. G4.3. Nerita Marocldemis, Gmelin. Natica Ckemnitzii, Menke (not of llecluz). Hab. North Africa and West Indies. This species is always characterized by being encircled with bands of arrow-headed spots, but they are often much obscured. Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica zebra. Nat. testa umljiUcaid, glohoso-neritoided, subinjlatd, spird obtuse exsertd, anfractibus Immgalis, nitentibus, su-perne dedivibus, delude rotundatis, aper- turd lunato-orhiculari, columelld tenui, callositate co- lumnari spirali, mnbilicum fere implente ; albidd, stri- gis angustis rufis acute luidatis dense longitudinaliter pictd. The zebra Natica. Sliell und)ilicated, globosely neri- toid, rather inflated, spire obtusely exserted, whorls smooth, shining, slanting at the upper part, then rounded, aperture lunar-orbicular, columella thin, with a spiral columnar callosity nearly filling the um- bilicus ; white, densely longitudinally painted with narrow, sharply zigzag red streaks. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. p. 643. Hab. Cagayau, Province of Misamis, Island of Mindanao, Philippines (in sandy mud at twenty-five fathoms); Cimiiug. The longitudinal zigzag red streaks which distinguish April. this species are now narrow and close-set, now broader and more distant. Species 5-1. (Mus. Cumiug.) Natica UBER. Nat. testa subanguste umbiUcatd, oblongo- turbinatd, soUdinsculd, spird exsertd, anfractibtts mi- Hutissime decussafim striatis, superne dedivibus, delude coueexis, aperturd lunari-oblongd, columelld dense en- caustd, callositate parvd ; alba, epidermide tenuissinid induid. The teat Natica. Shell rather narrowly umbilicated, obloug-turbinated, rather soUd, spii-e exserted, whorls very minutely decussately striated, slanting round the upper part, then convex, aperture lunar-oblong, co- lumella densely enamelled, with a small callosity ; white, covered with a very thin epidermis. Valenciennes, in Obs. Gcol. Humboldt, 1833, vol. ii. p. 266. Hab. Casma, Peru (in muddy sand at four fathoms) ; Cumiug. This, I believe, is the true N. ubcr of Valenciennes col- lected by Humboldt, and the same species as that collected by D'Orbigny in the same locality, although the specimen figured by the latter is of rather ditt'ereut proportions. Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica pellis-tigrina. Nat. testa subampUter perspec- tive imibilicatd, globosd, spird exsertd, apice acuta, an- fractibus superne subdepressls, deinde convexis, laviga- tis, aperturd lunari-omtd, subeffusd, columelld superne eallosd, callositate parvd columnari spirali mnbilicum- iutrante; albidd, macuUs rnfo-pnrpureh interdum cuujlu.entibus dense pictd. The tiger's skin Natica. Shell rather largely per- spectively umbilicated, globose, spire exserted, sharp at the ajjex, whorls somewhat depressed at the upper part, then convex, smooth, aperture lunar-ovate, rather efi'used, columella callous at the upper part, with a small columnar spiral callosity entering the umbilicns ; whitish, densely painted with red-purple spots, sometimes flowing together. Chemnitz, Couch. Cab. vol. v. p. 265. pi. 187. f. 1892 and IS'JS. NATICA.— Plate XIII. Natica variolaria, Eecluz. Hab. Swan River (in sandy mud at ten fathoms) ; Dr ColKe, E.N. This pretty species is distinguished liy a pattern of dark purple-red spots, quite distinct in character from that of N. maculnsn. Species 5G. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Raynaudian a. Nat. testa, suholtccti tmbUkatd, globosd, crassimculd, spud parum exsertd, anfractibus IcBvigatis, superne decliviius, deinde rokmdatis, aper- turd lunari-ovatd, columella dense encaustd, eiwausto mnbilicum partim obtegente ; dilute atirantlo-fulvd, strigis rufo-castaims irregulariter reticulatis promis- cuefasciatim pictd. Raynaud's Natica. Shell with a nearly covered umbi- licus, globose, rather thick, spire but little exserted, whorls smooth, slanting at the upper part, then rounded, aperture lunar-ovate, columella thickly en- amelled, enamel partially covering the umbilicus; pale orange-fulvous, promiscuously painted with ii-regu- lai-ly netted streaks of reddish-chestnut bands. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 212. Uab. Zanzibar ; T. Thorn, Esq. A solid orange-tinted shell, banded with very character" istic chestnut net-streaked markings, first collected at Trin- comalee. Bay of Ceylon, by M. Raynaud. Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica maculosa. Nat. testd anguste nmbilicatd, glo- boso-turbmatd, spird conico-exsertd, anfractibus rotim- datis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, colmnelld teime encaustd, callositate parvd columnari spirali ; albd, pmictis piir- pureo-fuscis deme pictd, anfractibus superue et inferni immaculatis. The full-spotted Natica. Shell narrowly umbilica- ted, globosely turbinated, spire conically exserted, whorls rounded, aperture lunar-ovate, columella thinly enamelled with a small spiral callosity ; white, densely crowded with purple-brown dots, whorls at the upper and lower edge unspotted. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Peshayes' edit.), vol. viii. [i. 641. Hab. Singapore (in sandy mud at six fathoms) ; Cuming. M. Deshayes is wrong in assigning this species to the N. pelUs-tigrina of Ciiemnitz, which is that represented in the accompanying Plate at Fig. 55. X<(tim .PI. XJY. m f{\\\ v«^* ■a, SijwAy del ^< Jidi ^ttN ^^ • * ^ ^.T! NATICA. Plate XIV. Species 58. (Pig. a, b, c, Mus. Cuming.) Natica Maheense. Nat. testa. imbiUcatu, (jhhosCi, npird subexsertd, suturd impressd, mtfractihun rotinKlidia, laviffatis, jitxta snturam pecuUarUer uliliqiu; jilinilo- corriigatd, aperturd lunari-ovatd, cohiuidld sitpcnie callosd, callositate columnari spirali imibilicimi semi- claudeide ; albd, fasci'm dtiabns mactdis ferrugineo- spadicels iuterrnpth cbiyidatd. The Maue Natica. Shell umbilicated, globose, spire a little exsertcd, suture impressed, whorls rouuded, smooth, peculiarly obliquely plicately wrinkled next the suture, aperture lunar-ovate, columella callous at the upper part, with a columnar spiral callosity half filling the umbilicus ; white, encircled with two in- terrupted bands of rust-fawn blotches. Eecluz, MS., Mus. Cuming. Hab. Island of Mahe, Seychelles. A very characteristic species, encircled beneath the su- ture with obliquely plicated wrinkles. Species 59. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Forskalii. Nat. testa sitbaperte perspective nm- iilicatd, globosd, subveidricosd, spird breviter exsertd, anfractibim rotuniatis, lavibus, juxta sutiiram plicato- striatis, aperturd lunnn-nndd, ruhimelld svperue cal- loso-recurvd ; albu, slrigis frnn^/ii/m-spadlceis medio fascia albd interniptis inuJiipn: pield. Forskal's Natica. Shell rather openly perspectively umbilicated, globose, subventricose, spire shortly ex- sertcd, whorls rounded, smooth, plicately striated next the suture, aperture lunar-ovate, columella cal- lously recurved at the upper part ; white, marked throughout with longitudinal rust-fawu streaks, leav- ing a white band in the centre. Nvrita Forskalii, Chemn. Conch. Cab. vol. xi. pi. 197. f. 1901 and 1902. Hah. ? Resembling the preceding species, but distinct in all its detail of character. The suture of the spire is not simi- larly impressed, the plicated striae are very different from the wrinkles, and the umbilicus is not obscured by any winding columnar callosity. Species CO. (:\Ius, Cuming.) Natica ala-papilionis. Nat. testa ampliter umbUicutd, subylobosd, spird exsertd, sidurd impressd, aiifraclibiis Icevigatis, rotimdatis, superne depressis et pUcato-cor- rugatis, ultimo multo effuso, columelld superne callosd, callositate coltmmari spirali miibilicnm intrante ; spa- dicco-cunicd, :oiiis qiiidiior alhi.i hiariilis qniulratis pitrpiin'i^ ili^laiilihiis rilhiris riiiyiihitii, vatlu.vtate alhd. The bl:tteufly-wixg Natica. Shell largely umbili- cated, subglobose, spire exserted, suture impressed, whorls smooth, rounded, depressed and plicately wrinkled at the upper part, last whorl much effused, columella callous at the upper part, with a columnar spii-al callosity entering the umbilicus; fawn-flesh tinged, encircled with four white zones, fiUetcd with distant square purple spots, callosity white. Nerita ala-pcipilioiiis, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. 257. f. 1868 to 1871. Natica zouaria, Lamarck, I'o Blainvillc. Eadem, Natica crenata, llecluz. llab. San Nicolas, Island of Zebu, Philippines (in sandy mud at ten fathoms) ; Cuming. Well distinguished by its dark purple filleted zones and ell'used aperture. Species 02. (Pig. Gl and 02, Mus. Cuming.) Natica FULMINEA. Nat. tesld jirrsiH'din' n..ihi}icald, globosd, solidd, spird bred, Mifi/i,i/in'xsd, iiiifrnftilms rotiindatis, juxta suturaiii siibriide plicuto-slriatis, aperturd Imian-ovatd, columelld superne late callosd; alhd, strigis acute midatis nifo-fuscis irregidnribits dense loiigdudinaliter pictd. The lightning-marked Natica. Shell perspectively umbilicated, globose, solid, spire short, somewhat impressed, whorls rounded, rudely plicately striated next the suture, aperture limar-ovate, columella broadly callous at the upper part ; wlute, densely longitudinally painted with irregular zigzag red- brown streaks. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. v. p. 01- 1. NerilafiilMiiiea, GmeUn. Nerita araclmoidea, Gmelin. Nalica urucliHuideu, Lamarck. Natica criientatu, Lamarck. Ndlini piiHctitla, Swainson. Nidii-n bif(,.sci,il,i, llecluz. Niilini. Seitiyidoiiis, llecluz. Nalica Boiirgiiignali, Reduz. llah. Senegal. Of this species, from Senegal, varying more or less in its markings of dots, blotches, and zigzag flames, too many spm-ious species have been made. April, 185 XaUca.Pl. If. vn ;»>>» ^ ■^A ^»'-^**: ^j^ Sowerby dd f' ith Vimml Eroiib liny N A T I C A. Species G3. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica tinctuhata. Nat. tedd perspeetwe iimb'dicatd, globosd, neriioided, spird breviusculd, anfructibus lieoi- bits, politis, siiperne depresm, deinde subquadrato-ro- tundatis, aperlurd lunari-ovatd, columelld superne cal- losd; Uvescente-albd, pimctis palUde aurantiis wacnli" peramplis obliquis el faseiis angnstis vUtalis pictd. The stained Natica. Shell perspectively umbilicated, globose, iieritoid, spire rather short, whorls smooth, polished, rather depressed at the upper part, theu somewhat squarely rounded, aperture hniar-ovate, co- lumella callous at the upper part ; livid-white, painted with pale orange dots, large oblique blotches, and narrow filleted bands. Eab. ? A beautifully-painted porcelain shell, with a coloured umbilicus. Species (54. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Florida. Nat. testa imibilicatd, globasd, spird breviusculd, anfractibus lavibus, superne declivib/cs, deinde roluudalis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, effimt, co- lumelld superne leviter callosd, callositate parvd co- lumnari spirali umbilicicm intrante ; albidd, punctis palUde spadiceis confertis undalo-aggregatis undique pictd, umbilico spadiceo. The florid Natica. Shell umbilicated, globose, spire rather short, whorls smooth, slanting at the upper part, then rounded, aperture lunar-ovate, effused, columella slightly callous at the upper part, with a small spiral columnar callosity entering the umbili- cus ; whitish, paiiited thi-ougbout with close-set wavc- aggi-egated light fawn dots, umbilicus fawn. Hab. ? Allied to the preceding, but less globose, and furnished with a very characteristic columnar callosity. Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.) N'atic.4. violacea. Nut. testa subtecte imibilicatd, coiioi- deo-globosd, crussd, spird breviusculd, obtusd, anfrac- tibus lavibus, politis, supertie decUvibus, deinde rotun- datis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, subobliqud, columelld superne late encaustd, encausto umbilicum fere obte- gerite ; albd, maculis aurantio-fuscis qitadratis seria- tim tessellatd, maculis interdum promiscue interruptis, encausto columellari intense violaceo-roseo. The violet Natica. Shell with a nearly-covered um- bilicus, conoid-globose, thick, spire rather short, ob- tuse, whorls smooth, polished, slanting at the upper part, then rounded, aperture lunar-ovate, rather ob- lique, columella broadly enamelled at the upper part, enamel nearly covering the umbilicus ; white, tessel- lated with rows of square orange-brown spots, spots sometimes promiscuously interrupted, columellar ena- mel deep violet-rose. SoWERBY, Tankerville Catalogue, App. p. xi. Natica rhodosfoma, Philippi. Ilab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (in sandy mud at six fathoms) ; Cuming. This very beautiful species is distinguished from all others of the genua by the delicate violet-rose colouring of the columellar enamel. Species fi6. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Broderipiana. Nat. testa late umbilicatd, glo- boid, solidiicsculd, spird exsertd, anfractibus cmwexis, lo/igitudinaliter pUcato-sulcatis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, eff'iisd, columella tenuiculd, callositate depressd colum- nari spirali umbilicum intrante ; pallide aurantio-spa- diced, fa.iciis tribus distantihus castaneis interruptis. Broderip's Natica. Shell broadly tmabilicated, globose, rather solid, spire exserted, whorls convex, longitudi- nally pUcately grooved, aperture lunar-ovate, effused, columella rather thin, with a depressed columnar spiral callosity entering the umbilicus ; light orange-fawn, encu-cledwith three interrupteddistant chestnut bands. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 205. Eadem Natica Taslei, Eecluz. Wib. Xipixapi, West Colombia (in sandy uuid at sixteen fathoms) ; Cuming. The surface of this species is impressed longitudinally with grooves, which at the suture and base pucker it into fine ribs. Species 67. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica picta. Nat. testa umbilicatd, si/bglobosd, ntri- tuided, spird breviusculd, anfractibus lavigatis, rotun- dat'is, aperturd lunari-ovatd, subproductd, columelld superne callosd, callositate solidd columnari umbilicum fere iwplente ; albidd, linuis aurantio-spadiceis tenuis- siiiw umlatis in fasciis qnatuor plus minus aperte sa- gitiatis undiipue dense pictd. The painted Natica. Shell umbilicated, subglobose, ncritoid, spire rather short, whorls smooth, rounded, aperture lunar-ovate, rather produced, columella cal- lous at the upper part, with a solid columnar callosity nearly filling the umbilicus ; whitish, everywhere densely painted with very finely-waved orange-fawn lines, more or less openly arrow-headed in four bands. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 18-13, p. 204. Effidem Natica euzona and Natica elegaiis, Recluz. Hab. Basey, Isle of Samar, Philippines (on the reefs) ; Cuming. The linear painting of this species varies in being more or less opened out in pattern. .\pril, 1855. yntHu.Fi.m. .^. » A % Sowcrtry del cl litli Yiiicait Brooks Imj NATICA, Fig. fiS. (Mus. Cuming-.) Natica ravida. Nal. Irsfii profit iiJi' perspective nmbili- catd, ijlohosd, solid i. is in /if, .yiird piirtd, ohbtsd, anfrac- tiiiis Uemjaiis, svpcnii: iJeclicihiiH, dvinde convexis, co- lumella superne et wfeme densissinie callosd, aper- turd lunari-ovatd, parviusctdd ; alba, epiderrnide temd luted sidirufjosci corned iiidutd. The tawny Natica. Shell deeply perspectively umbili- cated, globose, very solid, spire smaU, obtuse, whorls smooth, slanting at the upper part, then convex, co- lumella very densely callous, above and below, aper- ture lunar-ovate, rather small ; white, covered with a thin, rough, horny, yellowish epidermis. SouLEYET, Voyage de la Bonite. Hah. St. Elena, West Columbia (in sandy mud at six fathoms) ; Cuming. A shell of pecidiar solid globose growth, marble- white, covered with a thin, rough, yellowish epidermis. Species 69. (Fig. a to d, Mus. Cuming.) Natica orientalis. Nat. testa late imihilicatd, sitbylo- bosd, peculiariter laxe convolutd, spird parvd, siibim- mersd, suturd imp-essd, anfractibns rotnndatis, lavi- ffntis, juxfa suturam radiatim corrugatis, rapid!} lon- tjitudinaliter dilatatis, aperturd oblongo-oeatd, am- pliter dilutato-effusd, colmiielld supra et infra callosd, callositate cohnnnari spirali mnljUicitm. iidraiile, fith-o- castaned vel elmrned. The oriental Natica. Shell broadly umbilicated, sub- globose, peculiarly loosely convoluted, spire small, somewhat immersed, suture impressed, whorls round- ed, smooth, radiately wrinkled next the suture, ra- pidly longitudinally dilated, aperture oblong-ovate, largely dilately eftused, columella callous above and below, with a columnar spiral callosity entering the umbilicus ; fulvous-chestnut, or white. Nerita orientalis, Gmclin, Syst. Nat. p. .3673. Natica ehnrnea, Deshayes. Ilab. Singapore (in sandy mud, at four to six fathoms) ; Cuming. The two varieties of this very characteristic, loosely convoluted, dilately effused species, arc respectively de- scribed ^by Chemnitz as snbfatoa and ehiiriieu, but not named. Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica rdfa. Nat. testa e.rcimilo-inubiricald, (jlol)oso- neritoided, soliditisculd, spird lireri, inifruciilius rolitii- datis, snpen/i declivib/ts et leiiiii p/icti/o-corrHgatis, iiperliird lunari-ovatd, colimelld superne callosd, cal- lusiliife colimiuari parvd spirali umhilicmn. intrauie ; fulco-castaned, fascia pallidd cimjalaid, infra et jnxta suturam albd. The red Natica. Shell excavately umbilicated, glo- bosely neritoid, rather solid, spire short, whorls rounded, slanting at the upper part, and finely pli- cately wrinkled, aperture lunar-ovate, columella cal- lous at the upper part, with a small spiral colunmar callosity entering the umbilicus ; fulvous-chestnut, encircled with a pale baud, white beneath and next the suture. Lamarck, Auira. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii. p. G39. Nerita rifn, Born. Uub. Singapore (in sandy mud, at six fathoms) ; Cuming. This and N. spadir.ea are probably varieties, yet the former is of larger ventricose growth, and is concavely impressed next the suture. Species 71. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica solida. Nat. testa suhohtecle umhUicatd, -_V>>=^ .^- ir'.^is Iti^ NATICA. Plate XVII. Spccirs 73. (Mus. Ciiming.) Natica filosa. Nat. tedd mhanymle umbiUcatd, cum- presso-ovatd, Siyaretoided, spird Irevi, acmninatd, un- fractihus dedki-corivexis, arcuatim longitudinalikr striata, slriis minutis impressis nndulatis spiralibm decussatd, aufractu, ultimo injlato, aperturd ampld, columella mblate rejlexd ; albidd, fasciis duabiis latis dilute ferrugineo-fuscis cingidatd, columella purpiireo- nigricante. The thread-marked Natica. Shell rather narrowly umbilicated, compressly ovate, inflated, Sigaretus- shaped, spii'e short, acuminated, whorls slantingly convex, arcuately longitudinally striated, decussated with minute, waved, spiral, impressed iintu, last whorl large, inflated, aperture large, columella rather broadly reflected ; whitish, encircled with two broad, diluted, rust-brown bands, columella purple-black. SowERBY, MS3., Mus. Cuming. Hab. ? This species, belonging to the group of Naticcs, par- taking mostly of the character of Sigandm, is distinguished by its decussated thread-like sculpture. Species 73. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Succineoides. Nat. tcdd angude obtecte um- biUcatd, compresse ovatd, spird brevi, acmninatd, an- fractibus oblique plicato-striatis, snperne concavo-de- clivibus, delude plano-conxexis, aufroxiu nUiiuo in- jlato, aperturd ampld, basi subeffntsd, cnh'uieUd phiiio- rcfie.xd, mubilicum tegente ; alba, qiidi:n,iide teuui induta, columelld et area umbilicali purpureo-nigris. The Succinea-like Natica. Shell with a narrow co- vered umbilicus, compressly ovate, spire short, acu- minated, whorls obliquely plicately striated, eoncavely slanting at the upper part, then flatly convex, last whorl inflated, aperture large, rather eft'used at the base, columella flatly reflected at the back, covering the umbilicus ; white, covered with a thin epidermis, columella and umbilical area purple-black. Hab. Pasacoa, Island of Luzon, Philippines (in sandy mud at ten fathoms) ; Cuming. A delicate white species, having the characteristic form of Succii/ea, with the rich purple-black stained columella broadly reileeted aud pressed down upon the umbilicus. Species 7k (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming ; Fig. b, Mus. Taylor.) Natica Seb.b. Nat. lestd anguste nmbilicatd, oblongo- ovatd, tenuiculd, spird parvd, acuminatd, anfractibus leviler convexis, temie plicato-striatis, slriis minutis- .umis .ipiralibus impressis decussntis, aufractu ultimo Mul/o tiijhdo, (iperlurd auipld, .^ithquudrulu-orntd, co- luiiirllu brcriiisntlii, aiipi-nie hile apprcmt ; pelhicido- iilhd, j'liam hilerdu,,, oljseiire fiisc'inld, epidermide fulm induta, columelld riohiceu-J'uscd. Seba's Natica. Shell narrowly umbilicated, oblong- ovate, rather thin, spire small, acuminated, whorls slightly convex, finely plicately striated, striae decus- sated with spiral, very minute, impressed stria;, last whorl much inflated, aperture large, somewhat square- ly ovate, columella rather short, broadly appressed at the upper part ; transparent white, sometimes ob- scurely banded with brown, covered with a fulvous epidermis, columella violet-brown. Souleyet, Voyage de la Bonite, pi. 3.5, f. 0, 7. Hab. San Nicolas, Island of Zebu, Philippines (under stones) ; Cuming. A fine bold species, the largest and most inflated of the Sigaretus-like group. Species 75. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Zanzibarica. Nat. testa subobtecte umbiUcatd, coiupi-esse quadrato-ovatd, spird minutd, aufractibus longitudinaliter plicato-striatis, striis mimUissimis im- pressis spiralibus decussatis, anfractu ultimo peramplo, injlato, aperturd qnndrato-ovatd, patnld, columelld late rcjh'xd, limhilimui frri: l.ycnle : ulhd,fiixc'id fused interrnpid ahsnu-r ninjulald. rjjidrruiidr fnlnl indutd, columelld el arrd iiiMllrali iiigrirunle-vaslauris. The Zanzibau N.viica. Shell with a nearly covered umbilicus, compressly quadrately ovate, spire very small, whorls longitudinally plicately striated, strioa decussated with very minute spiral impressed stria;, last whorl very large, inflated, aperture squarely ovate, open, columella broadly reflected back, nearly covering the umbibcus; white, obscurely encircled NATICA.— Plate XVII. with a brown inten-upted band, covered with a ful- vous epidermis, columella and umbilical area blackish - chestnut. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 213. Hah. Zanzibar; Thorn. Distinguished chiefly from the other species of the group by its square and more open form and minute spire. Species 76. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica SimI/E. Nat. testa obtecte umbilicatd, ovatd, spiril brevi, anfractibw declwi-convexis, minute plicato-stri- atis, sttbuitewtiius, apertvrd oblongo-ovatd, cohimelld late rejlexd, wmbilicum fere tegente; cxrulescente-albd, maculis undatis nifescente-castamis, bizonatim, iii- terdum trizonatim, chignl.atd, columella nigricante-cas- taned. The monkey Natica. Shell with a nearly covered um- bilicus, ovate, spire short, whorls slantingly convex, minutely plicately striated, rather shining, aperture oblong-ovate, columella broadly reflected, nearly co- vering the umbilicus ; bluish-white, encircled with two, sometimes thj-ee, zones of waved reddish chest- nut spots, columella blackish-chestnut. Deshayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 552. Ruma Simla, Chemnitz. Eadem, Natica Simioides, Recluz. Hub. Philippine Islands. Distinguished by its bands of waved reddish chestnut- streaked spots and shining sui-face. Xunra , /7, JUII. .P^*^ Sowalv dci t liri NATICA. Plate XVIII. Species 77. (Mus. Ciimiug.) N.VTICA IMPERFORATA. Nat. testd ohtecti umbiUcatd, ylo- bosd, solidd, spird suhexsertd, obtum, anfractihm sn- penie subcoiicavo-impressis, deinde convexis, aperturd semilimari, colunielld dense callom, callodlate late expansd, umbilicum implente ; Iwido-albd, Jlammis irevibus rufis infra suturani cimjulatd, deinde p/mciis rvfs UHihjne aspersd. The imperforated Natica. Shell with a covered umbi- licus, globose, solid, spire somewhat exscrted, obtuse, whorls somewhat eoncavely impressed round the upper part, then convex, aperture semilunar, colu- mella densely callous, callosity broadly spread, filling up the umbilicus ; livid-white, encircled beneath the suture with short red flames, then everywhere sprin- kled with red dots. SowEEBY, Zool. Beechey's Voyage, p. 135. pi. 37. f. 1. Hab. Buffalo, Cape of Good Hope. A very distinct solid species, encircled beneath the su- ture with a characteristic fringe of irregular red flames, the remainder of the shell being freckled with dots of the same colom-. The callosity thickly overspreads the um- liilicus. Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica melastoma. Nat. testd obtecte iimbi/imtd, ovatd, subtits plaiiimculd, spird obtusd, aufractibus sii- penie superJlciaUter concaco-excavatis, oblique striatis, striisfere obsoletis, aperiurd ovatd, colunielld late cal- losd, calhsitate nmbilicimi daudente ; limh-cinered, callositate sanguined. The black-modth Natica. Shell with a covered um- bilicus, ovate, rather flattened beneath, spire obtus e whorls faintly eoncavely excavated round the upper part, obliquely striated, strife almost obsolete, aper- ture ovate, columella broadly callous, callosity over- spreading the umbilicus; livid-ash, callosity blood-red. SwAiNSON, Zool. lUus. 1st Series, pi. 79. Natica sanyuinoleida, Deshayes. Hah. Mouth of the Brisbane Eiver, Australia. The umbilicus of this species is entirely overspread bv a delicate blood-stained callosity. Species 79. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica ianthostoma. Nat. testd sidjoblecte iimbilicatd, fflobosd, subii/flatd, spird subexsertd, apice acntd, uii- fractibus rotundatis, obsolete plicato-striatd, aperturd ovato-avriformi, columelld tenwi, uiMUco parvo, cal- lositate fere impleto ; fidvo-fusceseeute, aperturd vio- lascente tiuctd. The violet-mouthed Natica. Shell with a nearly covered umbilicus, globose, somewhat inflated, spire rather exserted, sharp at the apex, whorls rounded, obsoletely pHcately striated, aperture ovately ear- shaped, columella tliiu, umbilicus small, nearly filled with the callosity ; fulvous-brown, aperture stained with violet. Deshayes, Guerin's Mag. de Zool. pi. 45. Hab. Kamtschatka. There is but a faint tinge of violet in the specimen of this species here figured, but the colour is well shown in the original figure of M. Deshayes. Species SO. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Flemingiana. Nat. testd mnbilico parmuscido, pyrifurmi-ocatd, crassissimd, solidd, ■•spird subexsertd, obtusi callosd, a)ifractibus superne callosis, lavibus, aperturd si'iiiiJiiiiari, parviusculd, columelld s/iperue dense callosd ; omnino uitente-ebumed. Flejii.vg's Natica. Shell with a rather small umbili- cus, ]5_\Tiformly ovate, very thick, solid, spire rather exserted, obtusely callous, whorls slanting at the upper part, smooth, apertiu'c semilunar, rather small, columella densely callous at the upper part ; every- where shining ivory-white. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 209. Hab. Sorsogon, Isle of Luzon, Philippines (among sand and small stones) ; Cuming. A very solid, shining, ivory-white shell of peculiar form and character. Species 81. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Stkangei. Nat. testa subanguste perspective iim- bilicatd, globoso-ovatd, spird subexsertd, anfractibus ■wpcrne superficialiter coiwavo-excatmtis, et obliijui pticato-striatis, deinde rotundatis, kevibus, aperturd pi/riformi-lunari, columelld superne late callosd j li- cido-ciuered, fascia angnstd sanguined infra sutnram, apice cmrnleo-nigro, ared umbilicaU labia et murgine callositatis vivide sanguineis. Strange's Natica. Shell rather naiTowly perspectively umbilicated, globosely ovate, spire somewhat ex- serted, whorls faintly eoncavely excavated round the upper part, and obliquely pHoately striated, then rounded and smooth, aperture pyriformly lunar, co- lumella broadly callous at the upper part ; livid-ash, with a narrow blood-red band beneath the suture, apex blue-black, umbilical area, lip, and edge of the callosity bright blood-red. Hab. Port Jackson, South Australia (on mud bank^) ; Strange. A solid species, allied to .V. pln.nbea, of a delicate slate or livid-ash colour, stained with deep blood-red round tin- aperture and within the umbibcal area, wilh a lighter baud of the same colour beneath the suture. May. Xaiiru,PLJIX. .^^^ 'V -^^ '■'1 NATICA. Species 82. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica CniNENSls. Nat. testa, siihohtcde umhiltcald, semiglohoscl, sjiird brevi, stdiird imjn'essd, anguste ca- naUmlatd, npice acuta, afifraciibm mperne plicato- ■\lr'wtis, dfinde lavlhns, couce.rix, a/irrt/ira sciiiihiiiar/, xnhi'll'iixi! , luiihiUco amplo, cuUosituli' laid 'lld superne crasse callosd; fuscescentv-idhd, nitnile. The pyramid Natica. Shell with a nearly covered umbilicus, conoid, thick, soHd, spire much exserted, whorls slantingly convex, minutely decussately stri- ated, aperture rather small, lunar-ovate, columella thickly callous at the upper part; brownish-white, shining. Ilab. Mouth of the Swan Eiver, New Holland (in sandy mud, at the depth of ten fathoms); Lieut. Collie, E.N. Species 94. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Elen^. Nat. testd ampliter excavate umbilicatu, oblique depressd, inflatd, spird parvd, anfractibus con- vexis, supra et infra dense pUcaio-liraiis, aperturd subampld, lunari-ovatd, e/pisd, colunn-lht .wjicriii'- cal- losd, callositate laid cohiniiinri i'„il)iliriijii intmnte ; lutescente-albd, lineis fiiho-rujis iiitrrnipl'i' imdnlis dense longitudinaliter pictd. The Elena Natica. Shell largely excavately umbili- cated, obliquely depressed, inflated, spire small, whorls convex, closely plicately ridged above and below, aperture rather large, lunar-ovate, effused, columella callous at the upper part, with a broad columnar callosity entering the umbilicus ; yellowish- white, densely longitudinally painted with interrupt- edly waved fulvous-red lines. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 205. Eadem Natica Haneti, Eccluz. Eab. St. Elena, West Columbia (in sandy mud, at six fathoms) ; Cuming. Peculiarly characterized by the fulvous-red lines with which it is densely longitudinally painted, being here and there suddenly shaken or dislocated, so to speak, in their plan of waving. Species 95. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica sulcata. Nat. testd ampliter e.vcavatii nmbili- eatd, oblique depressd, crassiusculd, spird brevi, an- fractibus rottmdatis, juxta .mturas impressis, undique fortiier sulcatis et cancellatis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, effusd, columelld superne callosd, callositate laid co- lumnari umbilicum intrante ; alhidd, fulvo-aurantio interdum fasciatd et maculatd. The grooved Natica. Shell largely excavately umbi- licated, obliquely depressed, rather thick, spire short, whorls round, impressed next the sutures, strongly grooved and cancellated throughout, aperture lunar- ovate, effused, columella callous at the upper part, with a broad columnar callosity entering the umbi- licus ; white, sometimes banded and mottled with fulvous-orange. June, 1855. NATICA.— Plate XXI. Neriltt sulcata, Boru, Test. Mus. CiEs. Vindobonensis, pi. 17. f. 5, 6. Nerita cancellata, Graelin. Natica cancellata, Lamarck. Natica sulcata, Deshayes. Hab. West Indies. Tlie only species n^i Natica wliich is absolutely sculptured throughout . Species 96. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Grcenlandica. Nat. testa vix vmbilicatd, glo- liosd, spird snhampld, exsertd, anfractibvs rotmuhtis, laviljKS, ojiertiird lunarl-ovatd, colmnelld uiferne cal- loso-rffiexd ; opaco-albd, epidennide virescmte-cinered indutd, versus apicem plus minus erosd. The Greenland Natica. Shell scarcely umbilieated, globose, spire rather large, exserted, whorls rounded, smooth, aperture lunar-ovate, columella callously re- flected at the lower part ; opake-white, covered with a greenish - ash epidermis, more or less eroded to- wards the apex. Beck, Moller, Ind. Moll. Grccnlandia-, p. 7. Hah. Greenland and Norway- A light chalk-w'hite species, covered with a peculiar livid-ash smooth horny epidermis. yalira ,PI.XnL m.'M ^} 2k T&ieent Bioob Imp NATICA. Plate XXII. Species 97. (Fig. n, b, c, Mus. Cuming.) Natic.\ intricata. Na(. tenia subampUter excavate um- bilicatd, subobUque ylobosd, solidd, spird mediocri, au- fractibun superni concavo-ckpressis, deinde rotuudatis, IfBvibus, aperturd Itmari-ovatd, columella superne cal- lom-reflexd ; fuhescente-albd, flammu tentdbus nifes- cente-fusch, fasciisqne vittatis angustis. The entangled Natica. Shell rather largely exca- vately umbilicated, rather obliquely globose, solid, spire moderate, whorls concavely depressed round the upper part, then rounded, smooth, aperture lunar- ovate, columella callously reflected at the upper part ; fulvous-white, painted with fine reddish-brown flames and narrow filleted bands. Kerita intricata, Donovan, British Shells, vol. v. pi. \f\l. Natica Vulenciennesii, Payraudeau. Hab. Mediterranean. Though originally described as a British shell, this spe- cies is not indigenous to our coast. It is an inhabitant of the Mediterranean, belonging to the same type as N. Marochiemis. Pig. 98. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured proves to be the young of N. Simla, represented at Plate XVII. Fig. 76. Species 99. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Vavaosi. Nat. profundi perspective umbiUcatd, oblique ovatd, soUdissimd, spird obttcsd, stcbproducld, anfractibus superiw concavo-declivibus, deinde convexis, aperturd parvd, hmari-ovatd, colmnelld callositate la- tissimd reflexd ad partem superiorem, umbilicum par- tim tegente ; nitente eburned. The Vavao Natica. Shell deeply perspectively umbi- licated, obliquely ovate, very solid, spire obtuse, rather produced, whorls concavely slanting at the upper part, then convex, aperture small, lunar-ovate, columella with a very broad reflected callosity at the upper part, partially covering the umbilicus ; shining ivory-white. Le Guillou, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Island of Vavao, South Pacific. Distinguished from N. candidisuma of the same author, from the same locality, by its more obliquely oblong form. and more produced apex, and very broad recurved shelf of enamel bridged across the umbUicus. Species 100. (Mus. Taylor.) Natica fulgueans. Nat. testd nmhilicatd, oblique glo- bosd, subtus concavd, solidiusculd, spird mediocri, an- fractibus rotuudatis. Iambus vel temie striatis, aper- turd lunari-ovatd,columelld tenuiculd, callositate parvd columnari umbilicum intrante ; albd, flammis fulgn- raniibus spadiceo-nigris irregulariter confluentihus pictd. The LienTNiNG-MAEKED Natica. Shell umbilicated, obliquely globose, concave beneath, rather solid, spire moderate, whorls rounded, smooth or finely striated, aperture lunar-ovate, columella rather thin, with a small columnar callosity entering the umbi- licus ; white, marked with fawn - black lightning flames, irregularly flowing together. Eecluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. '206. llab. Senegal. A solid species, very characteristic in its bold irregular style of painting. Species 101. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica melanostomoides. Nat. testd imperforatd, tenui, auriformi, hiflatd, spird parvd, ohtusd, anfrac- tibus convexo - decUvibu^, striatis, ultimo permulto maxima, compresso, aperturd perampld, basi efi'usd, colmnelld tenue reflexd; peUucido-albd, maculisfuko- castaneis interruptis triseriatim zonatd, epidermide stramined partim indutd, encaustd columeUuri cas- taned. The melanostojioid Natica. Shell imperforated, thin, ear-shaped, inflated, spire small, obtuse, whorls convexly slanting, striated, the last very much the largest, compressed, aperture very large, effused at the base, columella thinly reflected; transparent white, encircled with three rows of interrupted ful- vous-chestnut spots, partially covered with a straw- coloured epidermis, columellar enamel chestnut. QuoY and Gaimard, Voy. de I'Astrolabe, vol. ii. p. 329. pi. 66. f. 4 to 8. Hah. New Guinea and New Ireland ; Quoy. This species is the extremest auriform type of the Si- garetoid group of Natica, having nearly the form of a Succinea. June, 1855. Fatira .J'J.IXm. ^ %m, ^-.cent Brooks -inp . NATICA. Plate XXIII. Species 103. (Mus. Cuming.) Natic.v porcellanea. Nat. tesid aiujiidi pfofmule um- lUicata, oblique glolosd, solida, qnrd brevi, obtiud, anfractibus mperne coricavo-indentaiis, delude convcxin. aperturd lunan-oi-atil caUosUate parvd ruliin coh,,„elld "'/"- /«/,} c,i//o.«, i,.,h'il'icnui.;iitrn,ilc nicdJU, ■ pari lescente-lacti'd, epidvrni 'uh- dtiid. The porcelain Natica. Shell iiaiTowly deeply umbi- licated, obliquely globose, solid, spire short, obtuse, whorls coiicavely indented round the upper part, then convex, aperture lunar-ovate, columella broadly cal- lous at the upper part, with a small columnar callo- sity entering the umbilicus ; bluish milk-white, par- tially covered with a yellowish-horny epidermis. D'Okbiony, MS. in JIus. Cuming. Hab. BaUia. A solid milk-white shell, partially covered with a yel- lowish epidermis, distinguished chiefly by a gently in- dented opake concavity round the upper portion of the whorls. nnfracUbws rotmdatis, lisvibus, nitentihts, aperturd j tidiuri-ovatd, colnmelld calloso-r^exd ; albidd, livido- j ceendfscente plus mimis tiuctd, fulvo-nifo nndiqne mi- j niite reticidatd et ad bami fasciatd, encaustd coln- 1 meUari fidvo-cristdiicd. j The variable Natica. Shell scarcely umbilicated, j rather obliquely globose, rather solid, spii-e moderate, rather sharp at the apes, whorls rounded, smooth, shining, aperture luuar-ovate, columella callously re- flected ; whitish, more or less stained with livid-blue, covered with a fine network of fulvous-red and banded at the base, columellar enamel fulvous-chestnut. IvECLfz, MS. in Mus. Cuming. JIab. ? This species belongs to the same type as N. ivtricnia, and is probaljly from the J\Iediterranean. Species 103. (]\Ius. Cuming.) Natica eufilabris. Nat. testd obtecte umbUicatd, sitb- fflobo-sd, teuiiicidd, spird mediocri, sube.vsertd, anfrac- tihns rotundatis, l/rvibits, aperturd ovafd, columettd superne callosd, callositate lata reflexd unibilicuvt te- gente ; livido-plumbed, obsolete fasciatd, tiitente, en- caustd columellari et callositate vivide castaneis. The red-lipped Natica. Shell with a covered umbi- licus, subglobose, rather thin, spire moderate, a little exserted, whorls rounded, smooth, aperture ovate, columella caUous at the upper part, with a broad re- flected callosity covering the umbilicus ; Uvid lead- colour, obsoletely banded, shining, columellar enamel and callosity bright chestnut. Hab. Bahia. A rather light shining livid lead-coloured species, with the columellar enamel and callosity deep bright chestnut. Species 104. (JIus. Cuming.) Natica variabilis. Nat. testd vix tcmbilicatd, siibob- lique gJobosd, soUdiusculd, spird mediocri, apice acuta. Species 105. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Gajibi.e. Nat. testd anguste mnhilicatd, oblique globosd, crassiu.Kuld, spird conico-depressd, apice acuta, niifractibns suj)erne oblique plicato-siilcatis, delude lacihus, rotundafis, aperturd lunari-ovatd, columelld callositate lata rejlexd, praclpue ad partem superiormi; alhd, liiterdum dilute carneo-linctd. The Gambia Natica. Shell narrowly umbilicated, obliquely globose, rather thick, spire conically de- pressed, sharp at the apex, whorls obliquely plicately grooved round the upper part, then smooth, rounded, aperture lunar-ovate, columella with a broad reflected callosity, particularly at the upper part ; white, some- times faintly flesh -tinged. liECLUZ, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 207. Hab. IMouth of the River Gambia, West Africa (found ou the sands) ; Mr. Beale, of Jersey. A solid shining flesh-wliite shell, well characterized by an oblique row of plicated grooves below the sutui-es. Species IOC). (Mus. Cumuig.) Natica nitida. Nat. testd anguste umbiUcatd, conico- glohosd, subveiitrlcosd, spird acute conoided, anfracti- bus .Huperne decUvi-convexis, delude rotundatls, aper- turd Imiari-oblongd, columelld teuuiter reflexd, ad basin arcuatd; carulesceHle-albd,maculisfulvo-rufescentibus June, 1855. NATICA.— Plate XXIII. obscure quinquefasciatd, encamtd coliimeUari fiilro- casianed. The shining Natica. Shell narrowly iimbilicated, co- iiically globose, subventricose, spire sharply couoid, whorls slantingly convex round the upper part, then rounded, aperture lunar-oblong, columella thinly re- flected, arched at the base; bluish-white, obscurely five -banded with fulvous -red blotches, columellar enamel fulvous-chestnut. Nerita nitida, Donovan, Brit. Shells, vol. iv. pi. Hi. Natica nitida, Fleming. Natica Alderi, Forbes. Natica Chdllemitti, Payraudeau. Hai. Seas of Europe. An elegantly formed species, mostly of a livid bluish coloui', obscurely painted with bands of fulvous-red lilotches, of which the uppermost is the most distinct. Species 107. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica plicatula. Nat. lestd a/iffuste umbiUcatd, tjlo- bosd, temdculd, sjjird subobiusd, aufractibus rotuudatis, sttbrugosis, rude tenuiplicatis, aperturd liinari-oblongd, columella tenuiter reflexd ; sordide fulim, ferrugiueo- riifo tinctd. The finely plicated Natica. Shell narrowly umbi- licated, globose, rather thin, spire rather obtuse, whorls rounded, rather rough, rudely finely plicated, aperture lunar-oblong, columella thinly reflected ; dirty fulvous, tinged with rust-red. Nuttall, Jay's Catalogue of Shells, p. 68. Hah. ? A light rough fulvous-red shell, ireegularly finely pli- cated. Xatim.PI.niY. 0 ,m m^ m w ■feicent Btool-s Imp NATICA. Species 108. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Natica umbtlicata. Nat. testa anqAltvr obliqui exca- oate umbilicatd, convexo-depresscl, Ealiotiformi, tenui, semipdluciild, qnrd hrevi-mmd, laterali, anfractihus coKWxis, temdter dwussaiim striatis, ultimo maximo, injlaio, aperturd ovatd, marg'mibus apjiroximrttis ; siib- pelliicido-albd, ferrugineo-rvfo promiscue stiigatu H macidatd. The umbilicated Natica. Shell largely obliquely ex- cavately umbilicated, convexly depressed, Haliotis- shaped, thin, semitransi5aront, spire very short, la- teral, whorls convex, finely decussately striated, last whorl much the largest, inflated, aperture ovate, with the margins approximated ; subtransparent white, promiscuously streaked and spotted with rust-red. QuoY, Voy. de I'Astrolabe, vol. ii. p. 234. pi. 6(5. f. 22 and 23. Hab. Van Diemen's Land ; Eonald C. Gunn. A light semitransparent Haliotis-shaped shell, with a veiy peculiar obliquely excavated umbilicus. Species 109. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica teisekiata. Nat. testa snbanguste mnbilicutd, glohosd, sptrd breviuscidd, sidurd leviter impreum, ai/- fractibiis rotundatls, obsolete plicato-striatls, aperturd ovatd, columelld super iie calloso-reflexd ; Imdo-grised, obscure triseriutd, hie illic ferrugineodinctd, callosi- tiite opaco-albd, apertures fauce castaned. The three-banded Natica. Shell rather narrowly umbilicated, globose, spire rather short, suture slightly impressed, whorls rounded, ftuntly plicately striated, aperture ovate, columella callously reflected at the upper part ; livid grey, obscurely three-banded, here and there rust-tinged, callously opake-white, in- terior of aperture chestnut. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. v. p. 209. Hab. Bay of Massachusetts, United States. The opake-white callosity and chestnut interior of this shell, contrast in a characteristic manner with its rust- tinged livid blue exterior. Species 110. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica flava. Nat. iestd imperforatd, globosd, tenui, tumidiusculd, spird brevissimd, depressd, anfractibns convexis, ultimo midtu niaximo, aperturd ovatd, sub- ampld, columelld temie refiexd, suhcontorto ; pelluciJo- albd, epidermide corned decidudflam indutd. The yellow Natica. Shell imperforated, globose, thin, rather swollen, spire very short, depressed, whorls convex, the last much the largest, aperture ovate. rather large, columella thinly reflected, slightly twisted ; transparent white, covered with a yellow deciduous horny epidermis. Gould, Silliman's Journ. vol. xxxviii. p, 19('>. Invert, of Massachusetts, p. 239. f. 162. Hab. Massachusetts Bay, United States. A light inflated globose transparent white shell, covered with a yellow horny deciduous epidermis, the spire being almost on a level with the upper margin of the aperture. Species 111. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Sagraina. Nat. testd subobtecti umbilicatd, ob- lique globosd, spird brevi, subobtusd, uufractibus su- perue declivibus, delude convexis, lavibus, politis, aper- turd lunari-ovatd, columelld callositate lata amptd inidjUicum fere iegente ; alhidd, lineis griseo-pnrpu- rasci'ulibus dense oblique undatd, callosilate fusces- ceute. The Sagua Natica. Shell with a nearly covered um- bilicus, obliquely globose, spire short, rather obtuse, whorls slanting round the upper part, then convex, smooth, polished, aperture lunar-ovate, columella with a large broad callosity nearly covering the um- bilicus; whitish, densely obliquely waved with grey- ish-purple lines, callosity brownish. D'Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, pi. IS. f. 20 and 22. Hab. Malaga. A smooth porclain-like species, closely painted through- out with obliquely waved greyish-purple lines ; the umbi- licus being nearly covered by a broad button-like callosity. Species 112. (ilus. Cuming.) Natica Colliei. Nut. l,:sl.i xutiiiuiiilitrr iiuihilicnld, glo- bosd, spird brevi, subr.r.^, rfd, luifnii-tihiin ruluiidaHs, superne obsolete plicato-liruHs, aperturd lunari-ovatd, columelld callositate solidd columnari umbilicum in- trante ; albidd, macidis subquadratis, aurantio-spadi- ceis, interdum conjlueutibus, seriatim pictd. Collie's Natica. Shell rather largely umbilicated, glo- bose, spire short, rather exserted, whorls rounded, obsoletely plicately ridged round the upper part, aperture lunar-ovate, columella with a solid columnar callosity entering the umbilicus; whitish, painted with rows of somewhat square orange-fawn spots sometimes flowing together. Eecluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 207. Hab. Swan River, Australia (on stones at low water); Lieut. Collie. Distinguished mainly by its large obliquely square orange-fawn spots, sometimes flowing longitudinally to- gether. AMiim.Pl.ID'. % s»«^:s: f«'*v« # # ^ Sowaiby lei *1it fecQit Brook tij NATICA. Plate XXV. Species 113. (Mus. Cuming.) N.iTic.v CLADSA. Nat . testa ohtecte iimbiUcaf.d,mhfjJobom, spird brevi, anfractibus rotuiulatis, lavigatis vel leciter erosis, apertiird seniilnnari, labro simplici, columelld temdculd, callositate parvd latd unibilicum implente ; palllde sordidefuscescente. The closed Natica. Shell with a closed umbilicus, subglobose, spire short, whorls rounded, smooth or slightly eroded, aperture semilunar, lip simple, colu- mella rather thin, with a small broad callosity fUliiig the umbilicus ; light dull brown. Bkoderip and Sowerby, Zool. Joui'n. vol. iv. p. 360. Natica consoluhta, Courthouy. Natica borealis. Beck. Natica inipenia, Philippi. Hab. Bay of Massachusetts, United States (taken alive in stomachs of iishes, plentifully) ; Gould. A duU pale brownish solid globose species, having the umbilicus closed by a small broad callosity, and the aper- ture by a shelly operculum. Species 114. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Gualteriana. Nat. testa subampliter mnbili- catd, subyhbosd, temdculd, spird brevi, subacutd, an- fractibus rotundatis, lavigatis, juxta siduram obsolete plicato-striatis, ultimo subeffuso, aperturd lunari- ovatd, columelld tetmicidd, callositate spirall colum- nari mnbiUcmn intrante ; stmipellucido-albd, strujis pallide aurantio-riifis quadrifasciatd. Gualter's Natica. Shell rather largely umbilicated, sub- globose, rather thin, spu-e short, rather shai-]!, whorls rounded, smooth, obsoletely plicately striated next the suture, last whorl rather effused, aperture lunar-ovate, columella rather thin, with a spiral columnar callo- sity entering the umbilicus ; semitransparent white, encircled with four bands of light orange-red streaks. Petit, Journ. Conch, vol. i. p. 396. Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines ; Cuming. A light subiniiated species, encircled with four bands of faint orange-red close-set streaks. Species 115. (ilus. Cuming.) Natica textilis. Nat. testa anguste profundii umbiU- catd, ffloboso-turbiiiatd, spird subexsertd, an/ractibiis rotundatis, Icevibus, aperturd lunari-ovatd, labro tenui, cohmielld parum callosd, ared nmhiUcali spiraliter ex- cavatd ; fuscescente, textile irreyulari rufo-fnsco pictd. The textile Natica. Shell narrowly and deeply um- bilicated, globosely turbinated, spire slightly exserted, whorls rounded, smooth, aperture lunar-ovate, lip thin, columella but little callous, umbilical area spi- rally excavated; brownish, painted with an irregular red-brown brocade. IM. ? A very characteristic species, painted with a red-brown brocade, inteiTuptcd promiscuously with large open spots, and having a smooth shelly operculum. Species 110. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica semisulcata. Nat. testdprofmuU ampUter um- biUcatd, ovatd, spird breviusculd, sutnrd canaliculatd et minute lineari-stdcatd, avfractihns superne declivi- coarctatis, glabris, politis, sidcis quinque ad sex line- aribus eequidistantibus infra suturam ciiigulatis, aper- turd lunari-ovatd, columelld partm callosd, snpernv effusd; eburned. The half-geooved Natica. Shell deeply largely um- bilicated, ovate, spire rather short, sutm-e channelled and minutely linearly grooved, whorls slantingly con- tracted at the upper part, smooth, polished, encircled beneath the suture with five to six equidistant linear grooves, aperture lunar-ovate, columella but little callous, effused at the upper part ; ivory-white. Gray, Zool. Beechey's Voyage, p. 137. Hab. Porto Rico. A subopake ivory-white species, readily distinguished by its channelled suture, and by the presence of five to six equidistant linear grooves round the upper contracted por- tion of the whorls. Species 117. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica pusilla. Nat. testa vix umbiUcatd, suhjlobosd, spird sube.vsertd, anfractibus rotundatis, aperturd lu- nari-ovatd, columelld inferue cuUoso-reflexd, callositate nmbilicum fere tegente ; sordide albd vel pallide oli- vaced, plus minus erosd. June, 1855. NATICA.— Plate XXV. The small Natica. Shell scarcely mnbilicated, sub- globose, spire rather exserted, whorls rounded, aper- ture lunar-ovate, columella callously reflected at the lower part, callosity nearly spread over the umbilicus; dull white or pale olive, more or less eroded. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhOadelphia, vol. ii. p. 257. Hab. Bay of Massachusetts, United States (taken from fishes) ; Gould. This little species, though so closely allied in character and habit to N. clmtm, ditfers in having a horny operculum. The whorls are more slanting round the upper part, and the umbilicus is only partially covered, the columeUar lip being more callously reflected towards the base. Species 118. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Caribb^a. Nat. testa anguste profundi utuhi- licatd, ovatd, crasslitscnld, solidd, spird brevi, subob- tusd, mifractibiis Itsvibus, decUvi-convexis, apertura, lunari-ovatd, colmnelld callodtate lata demd superni munitd, callodtate umbiUcum fere tegente ; sordide livido-albicante, fascia opaco-albd jiixta mduram cin- yulatd. The Caribbean Natica. Shell nan-owly deeply um- bilicated, ovate, rather thick, solid, spire short, rather obtuse, whorls smooth, slantingly convex, aperture lunar-ovate, columella with a broad dense callosity at the upper part, callosity almost covering the um- bilicus ; dull livid white, encircled with an opake- whitc band next the suture. Philippi, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Caribbacan Sea. A small solid white; shell, of a peculiar livid aspect, opake next the suture ; the columella being densely callous at the upper part. yatica,TI.im. 0 ■-* # %■' « litacerit Biocis In^ . NATICA. Plate XXVI. Species 119. (Mus. Cuming.) N.iTiCA BULBOSA. Nat. testa unymii icmbiUcatd, ijlo- bosu, tenia, mihhijlatd, sjiird panm, s/if/ird minute im- pressd, unfractihim rotumlntis, /avib/is, epidermide vi- rescente-cbiered corned indutd, aperturd ovatd, colu- mella teniie calloso-refkxd, verms apiceni plus Minus erosd. TuE BULBOUS Natica. Shell narrowly umbilicated, globose, thin, slightly inflated, spire small, suture minutely impressed, whorls rounded, smooth, covered with greenish-ash horny epidermis, aperture ovate, columella thinly callously reflected, more or less eroded towards the apex. //„/;. -i This has all the appearance of an Arctic species, thinner in substance and rounder than N. Grmtlaiidica, with a shorter spire. Species 120. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica borealis. Nat. testa angiiste mnlnlicatd, rjloljosd, spird brevl, sulurd minute impressd, anfractibus rotun- datis, leevibus, aperturd ovatd, columella undiqite sub- calloso-reflexd ; calcareo-albd, epidermide corned flari- cttute indutd, versus apicem leviter erosd. The northern Natica. Shell naiTowly umbilicated, globose, spire short, suture' minutely impressed, whorls rounded, smooth, aperture ovate, columella somewhat caUously reflected throughout ; chalk- white, covered with a yellowish-horny epidermis, a little eroded towards the apex. SowERBY, Zool. Beechey's Voyage, pi. 37. f. 3. Hab. North Seas. Allied to N. Grmilandica, but distinguished from that species by the spire being less exserted. Species 121. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica genuanus. Nat. testd imperforatd, subr/lobosd, spird breuiusculd, anfractibus convexis, Icevibus, aper- turd semilunari, columelld eallositate maximd reflexd ; lutescente-albd, fasci'is tribus angustis distautibus riifo- fusco vittatis cingulatd, iuterstitiis punctis rufo-fuscis aspersis, serie Jlammarum juxta suturam. The gartered Natica. Shell imperforated, subglobosc, spire rather short, whorls convex, smooth, aperture semilunar, columella with a very large reflected cal- losity ; yellowish-white, encircled with three distant, narrow, red - brown filleted bands, the interstices filled with red-brown dots, with a row of flames next the suture. Hab. South Africa. A very characteristic solid species, in which the seat of the umbUicus is entirely covered with callous matter, and the painting is pecuhar. Eound the upper part of the whorls is a row of red-brown flames as in N. coUaris, the remainder of the shell being painted with close-set dots of the same colom-, inteiTupted at rather distant intervals with three filleted bands. Species 123. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica cora. Nat. testd anguste profmide umbilicatd, oblongo-ovatd, crassd, solidd, spird breviusculd, co- noided, anfractibus plano-declivibus, lavibus, aperturd semilumri, parviusculd, columelld superne eallositate deusd lata mumfd; eburned, epidermide tem/i coned indutd, ferrugineo-rnfo interdum partim tinctd. The girl Natica. Shell narrowly deeply umbilicated, oblong-ovate, thick, solid, spii-e rather short, conoid, whorls flatly slanting, smooth, aperture semilunm-, rather small, columella with a thick broad callosity at the upper part ; ivory-white, covered with a thin horny epidermis, sometimes partially tinged with rust-red. D'Orbigny, Voyage dans I'Amer. merid. pi. 78. f. Id and 11. Hab. ? A solid ivory-white shell, of a peculiarly oblong-conoidal form, slightly concavely flattened round the middle, co- vered with a thin horny epidermis. Species 123. (ilus. Cuming.) Natica Foetunei. Nat. testd anguste umbilicatd, co- noideo-globosd, tenuiculd, .sjnrd exsertd, anfractibus couccvis, decussatim minutissime striata, aperturd ovatd, columelld tenui, subreflexd; limdo-eeeruled, carneo-fuscescente tinctd. Fortune's Natica. Shell narrowly umbilicated, co- noidly globose, rather thin, spire exserted, whoi-ls convex, decussately very minutely striated, aperture ovate, columella thin, slightly reflected; livid-blue, tinged with flesh-brown. Hab. Shanghi, China; Fortune. Of a light texture and livid blue colour, tinged with flesh-brown, collected at Shanghi by ik. Fortune. c Xa/ini.n.XWH. ^^. Vmcent Bioolss Imp NATICA. Species 124. (Mus. Cumiug.) Natica glabella. Nat. testa angnste -prof audi umbili- catd, subfmiformi-oblongd, solid iuscidu, spird brevius- culd, exsertd, anfractibus decUvi-co/wexls, lavigalu, politd, aperturd semilunari, parvd, colimelld sujtenie callositate lata, reflexd; pelhtcido-albd, cameo tiiictd, callositale earned. The smooth Natica. Shell narrowly deeply umbili- cated, subfusiformly oblong, rather solid, spire rather short, cxserted, whorls slantingly convex, smooth, polished, aperture semilunar, small, columella with a broad reflected callosity at the upper part ; trans- parent white, flesh-tinged, callosity flesh-coloured. Hab. ? An elegantly convoluted transpareut white polished shell, of rather solid structure, tinged with a violet flesh- colour, which is bright on the callosity. Species 125. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Montagui. Nat. testa prof nnde umbiUcutu, /ui, siiperne callosd ; alhidd, pimctis et mactdin aii- rantih eximie pictd. The bored Natica. Shell excavately perspectively umbilicated, depressly globose, spire rather obtuse, whorls a little depressed next the suture, then round- ed, last whorl descending iu front, apertm-e semilunar, columella thin, callous at the upper part ; whitish, prettily painted with orange dots and blotches. Hab. Buifalo, Cape of Good Hope. A prettily painted species, distinguishetl by a large pe- culiarly excavated perspective umbUicus. Species 130. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica fibula. Nat. testa ohtecte umbilicatd, orbicidarl- depiresm, subtus excavatd, spird minutd, arifractibiis ad sutiiras marginatis, plano-convexis, aperturd ob- lique lunari, columelld brevissimd, callositate per- ampld solidd rotmidd umbiVwum implenle ; fuhcs- cente-albd. The button Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus, orbicularly depressed, excavated beneath, spu-e very small, whorls margined at the suture, flatly convex, apertm-e obliquely lunar, columella very short, with a large round soUd callosity tilling the umbilicus ; fulvous-white. Hab. ? A small obliquely depressed fulvous-white shell, with a large round button-like callosity in the place of the um- bilicus. Species 131. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Jamaicensis. Nat. testd obtecte vmbiUcatd, ob- lique globosd, subdejiressd, spird parvd, anfraciibus juxta suturas plicato-sfriatis, eonvexis, aperturd ht- nari-ovatd, subeffusd, columelld tenui, rejlexd, callosi- tate lata rotunda umbilicum implente ; Uvido-griseu, 7iitenie, juxta suturas albd, i?iferne fascia fulcd lata interruptd cingulatd, callositate intense purpureo-cas- taned. Toe Jamaica Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus, obliquely globose, sbghtly depressed, spire small, whorls plioately striated next the suture, convex, aperture lunar -ovate, a little effused, columella thinly reflected, with a broad round callosity filling the umbilicus; livid grey, shining, white next the suture, encircled at the lower part with a broad in- terrupted fulvous band, callosity deep purple-chest- nut. C. B. Adams, Contributions to Conchology, p. 111. Ilab. Jamaica. Of a delicate livid grey, encircled with a broad inter- rupted pale flamed band round the lower part, and with white next the suture ; the callosity and columellar enamel being bright purple-chestnut. Species 133. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica pavimentum. Nat. testd obtecte umbilicatd, glo- bosd, solidiusculd, spird parvd, obtusd, siiturd lineari- impressd, anfraciibus obtuse rotimdatis, aperturd semi- lunari, parviusculd, columelld callosd, callositate ro- tundd, mnbilicum implente; albd, nitente, macidis aurantio-fuscis distantibus tessellafd. The pavement Natica. Shell mth a covered umbi- licus, globose, rather solid, spire small, obtuse, suture linearly impressed, whorls obtusely rounded, aperture semilunar, rather small, columella callous, with a rounded callosity filling the umbilicus ; white, shi- ning, tessellated with distant orange-brown square spots. Eecluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1813, p. 208. Eadem var. Natica Cailliaudi, Recluz. Eab. Island of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming. A rounded largely irregularly tessellated shell, shining like porcelain. Species 133. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica macilenta. Nat. testd excavate profundi umbi- licatd, globoso-ovatd, spird parvd, obtuse exsertd, an- fraciibus snperne declivibm, delude eonvexis, lavibus, upi'iiurd liiiinri-ornld, vuIiimMd calloso-reflexd ; ful- vesci'iilf-tilljii. iiili'iilr. rnnuri-fHscescente obscure tinctd et riltalii, I'licaioitd i'u/ii,,/i'//ari castaned. The lean Natica. Shell excavately deeply urabilicated, June, 1855. NATICA.— Plate XXVIII. globosely ovate, spire small, obtusely exserted, whorls slanting in the upper part, then convex, smooth, aperture lunar-ovate, columella callously reflected; fulvous-white, shining, obscurely stained and filleted tlesh-brown, columellar enamel chestnut. Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch, vol. ii. pi. 24. f. 14. Hub. ? The painting of this little species, which is of rather light structure, is very obscurely distributed. Species 134. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica locellus. Nat. testa minute zimbilicata. (jloljom, spird exsertd, apice acuta, anfractibus rotwn- datis, IcBviAus, aperturd Imiari-ovatd, colmnelld tenue callosd ; Iwido-canied, fidvo-aurantio obscure tinctd et vittatd. The little purse Natica. Shell minutely umbihcated, subglobose, spire exserted, sharp at the apex, whorls rouuded, smooth, aperture lunar-ovate, columella thinly callous ; Uvid flesh-tinged, fulvous-brown, ob- scurely fiDeted and stained. Eab. ? More globose than the preceding species, with the spire more turbinately raised. The filleted colouring is veiy in- distinct, and the ground-colour of a particular livid hue. yaiiai. //. ir/j. ^t^ ■€ # 0 N A T I C A. Plate XXIX. [Figures considerably ni:i5iiilie,l. Species 135. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica pisifokmis. Nat. testa oiigiiste profinidi iim- bUicatd, ylobosd, solidiuscidd, sjnrd miiintd, aiifrac- tibus siiperttH obtuse produclis, di'bide plaiio-coiiDi'xis, aperturd obloiitjo-OKatd, riitiiiin'Hd siipi'niP auhciillosd ; sordid^ albd. The pea-shaped Natica. Shell narrowly deeply umbili- catecl, globose, rather solid, spire very small, whorls obtusely produced round the upper part, then slightly convex, aperture oblong-ovate, columella slightly cal- lous at the upper part ; dull white. Uecluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 213. Huh. Valparaiso ; Cuming. .V small pea-like shell, obtusely gibbous round the upper ])art, with the umbilicus rather deeply excavated. Species 13G. (JIus. Cuming.) Natica asellus. Nat. testa obtecte nmbilirntd, Mique globosd, subtus depressd, spird brevissimd, anfractibus coiwexis, kevigatis, nUetitibus, prope snturum obscure plicato-striatis, aperturd semilunari-ovatd, cotumelld callositate latd umbiUcum tegente ; albd, fasciis dun- bus latiusadis caruJeo-uigricautibus cingnlatd, punc- torum serie minutd in iuterstitio. The little ass Natica. Shell with a covered umbili- cus, obliquely globose, depressed beneath, spire very sliort, whorls convex, smooth, shining, faintly pli- cately striated next the suture, aperture semilunar- ovate, columella with a broad callosity covering the umbilicus ; white, encircled with two rather broad blue-blaek bands, with a minute series of dots in the interstices. llnb. Australia. An interesting small species, in which the painting is iiut much unlike that of the Ci/prupa asettiis. Species 137. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica Traillii. Nat. ti-std MdjuM/i/if,;- i,„ihllicatd, co- iioideo-globosd, solidiuscn/ii, xpini purcd, anfractibus supernv declioibus, snbtiis jiendhintrr jdano-excaratis, aperturd omtd, columelld cal/u-sitate lata mtdiiliviun fere tegente ; aU/idd, lineis rufo-fuscis undatis irregii- taribus undique longiindinaliter pictd, callositate ruf'o- fused. Tuaill's Natica. Shell largely umbilicated, eonoidly globose, rather solid, spire small, whorls slanting round the upper part, peculiarly flatly excavated be- neath, aperture ovate, columella with a broad callo- sity nearly covering the umbilicus ; whitish, painted longitudinally throughout with waved irregular red- brown lines, callosity red-brown. Hah. Malacca. A characteristic solid species, curiously excavated and obtusely angled at the base, painted throughout with irre- gularly waved red-brown lines. Species 13S. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica venustula. Nat. te.'iid obtecte umbiUcaid, semi- globo.sd, ■'ipird obtuse conoided, anfractibus convexis, 1 Irpribus, nitentihus, aperturd lunari-ovatd, columelld ! late callosd, mnbilicuw inipleute ; albd, juxta suturam vpacd, delude lineis rufo-fuscis acute undali.i pictd. The phettily-marked Natica. Shell with a covered umbilicus, semiglobose, spire obtusely conoid, whorls convex, smooth, shining, aperture lunar-ovate, colu- I mella broadly callous, tilling the umbilicus; white, j opake next the suture, then marked with zigzag red- [ brown lines. Philippi, Zeitschrift fiir ;\Ialac. ISol. Hab. ? The chief peculiarity of this little species consists in its opake-vvhite zone round the upper portion of the whorls, from which the light red-brown zigzag lines suddenly de- pend. Species 130. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica suffusa. Nat. testd oblongo-ovatd, soUdd, spird obtuse conoided, aufractibus decUvi-convexm, lavibus, aperturd seii/il/o/ari-oratd, hasi productd, colnmelld callositate latd uhdnliru,.! l,yeute ; pellucido-albd, hie illic opacd, cersus nj/irei/i ciolaceo-tinctd, callositate violaced. June, 1855. NATICA.— Plate XXIX. The sl'ffused Natica. Shell oblong-ovate, solid, spire obtusely conoid, whoiis slantingly convex, smooth, aperture semilunar-ovate, produced at the base, colu- mella with a broad callosity covering tlie umbilicus ; transparent white, here and there opake, tinged with violet towards the apex, callosity violet. Huh. New Ireland. An obtusely conoid species, of solid growth, though subtransparent in character, delicately tinged with violet, the colour being most conspicuous on the callosity. Species 140. (Mus. Cuming.) Xatica nucula. 'Nat. leda obiecte tiubUkatd, subqua- drato-globosd, solidd, spird minuid, aiifractibus su- pei-ne obtuse rotundatis, deinde subplanatis, aperturd ^cmilunari-ovatd, colitmeUd callositate laid rotmulatd iiiMUcum tegente; sordide lutescente-albd, apice U- v'ldd. The little nut Natica. Shell with a covered umbi- licus, somewhat squarely globose, solid, spire very small, whorls obtusely rounded at the upper part, then rather flattened, aperture semilunar-ovate, colu- mella with a broad button-like callosity rovcring the umbilicus; dull yellowish-white, livid at the apex. liab. New Ireland. This little solid species, from the same locality as the preceding, is peculiarly squarely compressed round the periphery, and has a characteristic small livid spire. Species 141. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica immaculata. Nat. testd angudissime profundi umbilicatd, ovato-globosd, solidiusculd, spird minuid, subexsertd, anfractibus plano-convexis, aperturd ob- longo-ovatu, cohimeUd s/tperue subcallo-sd ; sordide alba. The spotless Natica. Shell very narrowly deeply um- bilicated, ovately globose, rather solid, spire minute, a little exserted, whorls flatly convex, aperture ob- long-ovate, columella rather callous at the upper part ; dull white. Totten, Silliman's Journal, vol. xxviii. p. 351. f. G. Hab. Bay of Massachusetts, United States (found plenti- fully in the stomachs of fishes) ; Gould. Very closely allied to the little N. pisiformis from Val- paraiso, but the spire is rather more exserted, and the nmbilieus more contracted. ^\aml.H.XXl. % T/inr.j.l biwfc imp NATICA. Plate XXX. Speries U2. (Fig-. U2, 144, 145, and 14G, Mus. Cumiug.) Natic.^ Helicoides. Nat. testa vix rimuto-umh'diciitd, ovatd, Ampullariaformi, spird exsertd, siiturd cov- splcue canaliculatd, anfractiius convexis, basin versus xuhnttenuatim productis, aperturd ovatd, Itasi effiisd, rrtliimeUd teuuite!' marginatd ; calcareo-nlhd , npider- atidf Iciiiii cormd decidud indtdd. The Helix-like Natica. Shell slightly edge-umbili- cated, ovate, AmpuUaria-like, spire exserted, suture conspicuously channelled, whorls convex, somewhat attenuately produced towards the l)ase, aperture ovate, effused at the base, columella thinly edged ; challc-white, covered with a thin yellowish horny deciduous epidermis. .loHNSTON, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. of Berwick-on-Tweed, for 1835. Natka canalicidata, Gould. Natica Islandica ? Gmelin. Hnh. North Seas. The accompanying figures, 142, 144, 145, and 146, se- lected to represent N. Helicoides, caualiculata, and Is- Inndicn, as so many distinct species, are without doubt one and the same. It has much the appearance of an Ampiillaria or Paludina, but may be readily distinguished by its more calcareous marine aspect and deciduous epi- dermis. Species 143. (Mus. Cuming.) Natica cornea. Nat. testa mimite rimato-uyiljiliratd, ovatd, teiini, subinjlatd, spird exsertd, suturd canalicu- latd, anfractibus convexis, ad basin rotundato-produc- tis, aperturd ovatd, columelld tenniter marginatd; calcareo-nlM, epidermide corned fused decidud indutd. The horny Natica. Shell minutely edge-umbilicated, ovate, thin, rather inflated, spire exserted, suture channelled, whorls convex, rotundately produced at the base, aperture ovate, columella thinly edged ; chalk-white, covered with a brown homy deciduous epidermis. MoLLER, Ind. Moll. Groenlandiae, p. 7- Hah. Greenland. Loven quotes this as a synonyme of the preceding spe- cies, but it is of a more broadly inflated form, and charac- terized by a darker epidermis. NATICA. Adaiisoni, Reere XIX. 83 ebuniea, Desliayes . . . XVI. 69 Adansoni, Philippi XIV. V. 61 18 effusa, Su-ait/soii IV. 15 adsperm, Jleiike elegans, Uecluz Eleiice, Reclu: XV. 67 affinis, Busch XX. tiu ... XXI. 94 albula, Reclu: VI. 23 euzoim, llecluz . . . XV. 67 albumen, Lamarck VIII. 31 Panel, llecluz . . . XIX. 83 ala-papilionis {Neriia), Clieran. XIV. 60 fibula, Reeve . . . XXVIII. 130 Alderl, Forbes XXIII. XIV. 106 61 filosa, Sotrerliy XVII. -q arachnoidea, Lamarck flava, Gould , , , XXIV. 110 asellus, Rene XXIX. 130 Flcmingiana, Reclu: .... .. XV in. 80 nrticulata, Pliilippi XIV. 00 florida, Rm-e . . XV. 04 aiirantia, Lamarck VI. 20 flucluata, Sowerhy forata, Reeve III. 10 Bacoiii, Reeve X. 37 . . . XXVIII. 129 bifasciata, G^ray X. 40 Forskalii {Neriia), Chemnit . . XIV. 59 bifasciata, Eecluz XIV. 61 Fortunei, Reere . . . XXVI. 123 iorealis, Beck XXV. 113 Pranrisca, Recluz ... XXVII. 127 borealis, Sowerby . . XXVI. 120 fulgurans, Reclu: . . . XXII. 100 Boiirguignati, Rechiz XIV. 61 fulminea {Nerita), Gmelin . XIV. 61 Broderipiana, Reclu: XV. 66 Gallapagosa, Reclu: . . . XIX. 86 bulbosa, Reeve XXVI. 119 Gambiae, Reclu: . . . XXIII. 105 Buriasensis, Reclaz XXVII. 128 genuanus, Reeve ... XXVI. 121 Cailliaudi, Kechiz xxvin. 132 glabella, Reeve XXVII. 124 Campeachiensis, Rn-lit: eanalicidata, Gould I. 1 glauca, Humholdt ... II. XXX. U2 glaucina, Lamarck . . . III. 8 cancellata, Lamarck XXI. 95 globosa, Chemnit: ... XL 40 candidissima, llecluz XIX. S-t Groenlandica, Beck . . . XXI. 90 candidissima, Le GiiUlon .... VIII. 28 Gualteriana, Petit . . . XXV. 114 canrena, Lhinaus IV. 14 Guillemiui, Payi'auJeau . . . . . XXIII. 100 Caribba3a, Pliilippi XXV. 118 ffaneti, Kechiz . . XXI. 94 cadanea, Lamarck XII. 50 Helicoides, Johnston ..... . . . XXX. 142 catenata, Philippi XXI. 92 helvacea, Lamarck ... XL 40 Chemnitzii, Reclic II. 7 beros, Say . . I. 0 Chemidhii, Menke XIII. 52 iantbostoma, Deshayes .... . . XVIII. 79 Cbinensis, Lamarck XIX. 82 Lslandica ? Gmelin . . . XXX. 142 clausa, Brod. and Son: XXV. 113 immaculata, Totten XXIX. 141 coUaria, Lamarck XX. 87 imperforata, Sowerby . . . XVIII. 77 Colliei, Reclu: XXIV. 112 iiiipervin, Philippi . . . XXV. 113 columnaris, Reclu: V. 19 Incii, Philippi intemeratn, Philippi . . . XX. 89 conica, Lamarck XII. 48 . . . IX. 33 consolidata, Courthouy XXV. 113 iuteniiediii, Piccluz . . . VI. 21 cornea, Mitller XXX 143 intricata {Kerita), Donovan XXII. 97 cora, D'Orhiyinj XXVI. 122 Jamaicensis, C. B. Adams . . ... XXVIII. 131 crenatn, Reoluz XIV. 00 Jukesii, R^-eve . . . XIX. 84 cruentata, Lamarck XIV. 01 Lamarckiana, Reclu: ... n. C, Cumingiana, Reclu: IV. 13 leucophffia, Reeve liueata, lAimarck XII. 51 deiodosa. Reeve IX. 35 . . . VII. 24 dense maculata, Chemnitz .... V. 18 locellus, Reeve ... XXVIII. 134 Draparnaudi, Reclti: XI. 44 macilenta, Philippi . . . X.WIII. 133 dubia, Reclu: X. 41 maculata, Dexhayes . . V. IS duplicata, Say II. 4 maculosa, Lamarck XIII. 57 NATICA.-INDEX. Maheense, Reclus XIV. mamilla, Lamarck VII. mamillaris, Lamarck VIII. Marochiensis, Lamarck XIII. Maura, Bruguiire VII. melanostoma, Lamarck VIII. melanostomoides, Qiioi/ XXII. melastoma, Swaiiison XVIII. millepunctata, Lamarck VII. moiiilifera, Lamarck XII. Montagui, Forbes XXVII. nitida (Nerita), Donovan .... XXIII. nucula, Rene XXIX. opaca, Recluz VIII. orientalis {Nerita), Gmelin .... XVI. pallium, Eecluz . IV. Panamaensis, Rcclaz III. patula, Sowerby II. pavimentum, Recluz XXVIII. pellis-tigrina, Chemnitz XIII. perspicua, Recluz IV. Petiveriana, Recluz V. Philippiana, Recluz XL phytelepbas, Reeve XI. picta, Recluz XV. pisiformis, Recluz XXIX. plicatula, iV«5 36 Falenciennesii, Pavraudeau . . XXII. 97 21 variabilis, Recluz . XXIII. 104 126 variolaria, Recluz . XIII. .-J 5 03 Vavaosi, Le Guillou XXII. 1)9 01 vennstula, PliUijtjii XXIX. 13S 117 vestalis, PhUippi X. 38 93 violacea, Sowerhy , . . XV. 65 16 vitellus, Lamarck . X. 39 47 Zanzibarica, Recluz XVII. 75 6S zebra, LAimarck . . XIII. 53 56 Zelandica, Q^uoy .. XX. 90 3 zunaria, Lamarck . . XIV. 60 65 Sp. 33 I'd ^ Sp 3s r,.i Sp. 60. Ad 1 Sp 61. Ail,l Sp. 63 For \ Sp lis .V C : ERR VfA ' t.ttemeiata, Philippi, Pio Zool. Soc. 1S51. ul iV lestalii, Pliilippi, Pio. Zool. Soc. \^:A. I'hihppi, and S. tieumla, Menke. I'hilippi. \ /ju/tcaris, Philippi. Kubter, Conch. Cab. AVi -tLience Pro Zool Sue. ISol. W. pi. 13 MONOGRAIM OF THE GENUS NAVICELLA "Thcmnii Whom Nature's works can charm, with Goil him'^i'll' Molds converse,"— raorwCo??. XavUrlh,,ri.I. < C) C'' pTotis Imp. NAVICELLA. Genus NAVICELLA, Lamarck. Ti'sia oblomjo-ovata, ckpressa, Patellcpformis, interdum coii- centrice striata, sapius lavigata, olivaceo-lutea vel vi- rescens, nigra plerumque reticulata, spird nulla, vertice ad marginem suboblique reflexo, interdum roslraio, labro simplici, area columellari tettui,pland, septiformi, aper- turd perampld, impressionibus musculariius duabus distinctis. Operculum testaceum, mbquadratum, pla- num, dente laterali aeuto. Shell oblong-ovate, depressed. Patella-shaped, sometimes concentrically striated, more frequently smooth, olive- yellow or greenish, generally reticulated with black, no spire, vertex rather obliquely inflected, sometimes beaked, lip simple, columellar area thin, flat, septum- like, aperture very largo, muscular impressions two, distinct. Operculum testaceous, nearly square, flat, with a sharp toolh at the side. The Nnvicella are a group of the very characteristic family of fresh-water Nerites, in wliich the shell assumes a more open Limpet-like form. The spire, which in Ne- rlta and Neritina is convoluted in a very simple manner, and is, in some species, so concealed as scarcely to show any convolution, is here transformed into the simple nu- cleus of a spire with the vertex inflected, as in some of the Limpets, into a beak. The callous expansion of the columella, typical of this family, which is often so broadly and thinly developed in Neritina, is in Navicella modified into a positive septum or shelf, forming, so to speak, the poop of the little boat. There is not much variation either of form or painting in the Navicelhs. They are mostly of an olive-yellow or gi-eenish colour, reticulated or blotched with black, but a few are semitransparent and tinged with rose. Only five species were known to Lamarck. The exploration of the rivers, during the last few years, in the islands of the Eastern and South-Eastern Seas have brought many more species to light, and the number is increased to upwards of thirty. The Navicella: are not found in Europe nor in any part of the Western Hemisphere. Their chief habitats are the Philippine and Australian Islands, the New Hebrides, New Ireland, and New Caledonia. dibus reticulata, interdum nigra concent rice maculntd ; intus carulescente, area columellari auratitio-tinctd. Janelle's Navicell.4.. Shell oblong-ovate, convexly depressed, olive-yellow, reticulated with obliqut- blaekish-green lines, sometimes concentrically blotch- ed with black ; interior bluish, columellar area tinged with orange. Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 376. Ilab. Guam (in the river Umata) ; Janelle. Philippine Islands (in mountain streams) ; Cuming. A fine large oval species, reticulated or blotched with blackish-green upon an olive-yellow ground. Species 2. (Pig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Navicella bimaculata. Nav. testd subquadrato-ovuin, convexo-depressd, lutescente, lineis nigris oblique m/i- culato-reticulatd ; intus carulescente, ared columellari angustd, aurantio-rufo marginatd, maculis duabus ni- gris notatu. The ttvo-spotted Navicella. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, convexly depressed, yellowish, obliquely blotch- reticulated with Iilack lines ; interior bluish, colu- mellar area narrow, edged with orange-red, marked with two black blotches. Hab. Mauritius. Characterized by two black blotches ou the columellar area, which is rather narrov/ and tipped with orange-red. and, externally, by a rather blotchy kind of network. Species 1. (Pig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Navicella Janelli. Nav. testd oblongo-ovutd, convex depressd, olwaceo-luted, lineis obliquis nigricaiite-vi) Species 3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Navicella depeessa. Nav. testd obovatd, depressd, sub- tus subexpansd, olivaceo-luted, nigra maculato-reticu- latd; intus crerulescente, ared columellari parviusculd, aurantio-rufo tinctd. The depressed Navicella. Shell oblong-ovate, de- pressed, rather expanded beneath, olive-yellow, blotch- reticulated with black; interior bluish, cohimcllar area rather small, tinged with orange-red. Lesson, Voy. de la Coquille, Zool. p. oCS. Eadem var. Navicella zebra, Lesson. Hab. Tahiti. Distinguished by a dcpressly expanded form, which n> duces the columellar area to a crescent sbn])e. NAVIC ELLA.— Plate L 4. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.) N.wiCELLA Preycineti. Nav. testa ovatd, ijibhom, api- cem versus subrostrata, co?tcen,trice nitide striata, sor- dide olivacen, lineis fiiscis concentrice dense undulatd ; intus cceridescente, area columellari latiusculd, medio peculiariter liiujidata, versus immjinem aurantio-rufo tinctd. Frkvcinet's Navicella. Shell ovate, gibbous, some- u'liat beaked towai-fls the apex, concentrically neatly striated, dull olive, densely concentrically waved with browu lines ; interior bluish, columellar area rather broad, peculiarly tongued in the midde, tinged to- wards the margin with orange-red. Eecluz, Kevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 37-5. Hab. New Hebrides. Well distinguished by its gibbous slightly beakeil form, and peculiar tongue-like process of the columellar area. -^-^^^ ■-t-^^i \nvirclla.J>/.II. NAVICELLA. Species 5. (Fig-, a, b, c, Mus. Cuming.) Navicella iii;;;ii I la Ms. Nav. testa snborMcidari,veH- tricosd,! 'rticeo-nigro promisciie reticulata vel Marr'.'i ■', ■,, i-iilescetite, area columellari sub- angmtd, miicavd. The slightly okbicclak Navicella. Shell suborbi- cular, veiitricose, fulvous, promiscuously reticulated or blotched with olive-black, interior bluish, columel- lar area rather narrow, concave. SowERBY, Tankerville Catalogue, App. p. 10. n. 1093. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Chiefly distinguished by its light gibiious form and loosely reticulated painting. Species G. (Mus. Cumiug.) Navicella porcellana. Nav. testa subtrigono-ovatii, solidimndd, olivaceo-nigro dense I'eticulatd, intus ch(ji(irui . /y.;. :i^*h ^^^ SIPHONARIA Genus SIPHONARIA, Soicerby. Testa oviita, nunc elevaio-conica, verticc iiiwinato, i/iiiic de- pressa, radiathn costata re/ liiri/a. ii/ari/ine iloiticii- lata. Impressio muscnianx niitiiv iiilerrupttt, Intci-f caimU phis minus distiiicli: iiiilnilu. Shell ovate, sometimes elevately conical, uncinate at the top, sometimes depressed, radiately ribbed or stri- ated, denticulated at the margin. Muscular impres- sion interrupted in front, more or less distinctly marked, with a canal leading to the side. The attention of Mr. Sowerby was first attracted to this group of Limpets, as distinguished from the ordinary PaMla, by the impressed mark, on one side of the in- terior, of an outlying siphon. The animal was succes- sively anatomized by De BlainvUle and M. Quoy, and a structure corresponding with this mark was found to exist iu the form of a caual, used for the conveyance of water to the branchial cavity, which proved to be situated iu the back of the neck. The first recognized species were described and figured by Mr. Sowerby, in his ' Genera of Shells.' The soft parts were figured by M. Quoy in the ' Voyage de TAstrolabe,' but several of the shells named iu that work as distinct species, and reproduced as such by M. Deshayes in his edition of Lamarck's ' Animau.K sans vertebres,' appear to be varieties of one and the same species in different states. With the aid of a numerous series of specimens of SlpJionaria, collected together by Mr. Cuming, I have been enabled to define many new species, and remove previous errors, the whole forming an exceedingly natural group, all readily distinguished by their variations of form, sculpture, and internal colouring. The Siphonar'uB, as will be seen on reference to the habitats, are widely distributed in both hemispheres. Species 1. (Fig. u, h, ^lus. Cuming.) SiPHON.\RiA DiEJiENENSis. Sipli. testd ovatd, convexd, vertice aeiito, radiaiim costatd, cosiis numerosis, rudi- iiis, irregulai-'ibus ; costis aliidis, intent itik versus mar- yinem cinefeo-nifesceiifibus, niuri/ini' iiitiis conspici'i castmieo albogue lineolato. The Van Diemen's Land Siphonaria. Shell ovate, convex, sharp at the top, radiately ribbed, ribs nume- rous, rude, irregular ; ribs white, interstices ash-red towards the margin, margin conspicuously lincated withiu with chestnut and white. Quoy and Gaimakd, Voy. de 1' Astrolabe, vol. ii. p. 337- pi. 25. f. 1-13. IM. Van Diemen's Land. Au acutely convex species, irregularly closely ribbed, with the interstices excavately grooved, and further dis- tinguished by the inner margin being conspicuously tes- sellated. Species 2. (Fig. ff, /a Mus. Cuming.) Siphonaria scabra. Sijili. testd ortjicidari, subdepresse convexd, i-ertiec obtuse acumiuatd, radiatim costatd, costis rudibus, scabris ; costis sordide albidis, inter- stitiis puipurco-fuscescentibus, intus purpureo-lineatd. The rough Siphonaria. Shell orbicular, rather de- pressly convex, obtusely pointed at the top, radiately ribbed, ribs rude and scabrous ; ribs dirty-white, in- terstices purple-brown, interior purple-liiieated. Jlab. Port Jackson, Australia. Of a more orbicular form than the preceding species, with the ribs more rough and irregular, and, the shell being of thinner substance, the purple linear painting is seen running up further in the interior. Species 3. (Fig. ite-fuscd. The crab Siphonaria. Shell somewhat oblong-ovate, couvexly depressed, very irregular, radiately ribbed, ribs strong, rude, subcorrugate, three next the siphon distant ; dull purple-brown. Hab. New Zealand. A rather depressly convex species, rayed with subcoiTU- gate rude ribs, three of which on the side of the siphon are widely separated. Species 8. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Siphonaria characteristica. Siph. testa rotmidatn, elecato-conicd, radiatim obscure liratd et striata; ci- nereo-iiigricaitte, prope verticem ferrugined, liris ul- The characteristic Siphonaria. Shell rounded, elevately conical, radiately obscurely ridged and stri- ated ; cinder-black, rusty-brown near the top, ridges whitish. Reeve, Conch. Systematica, vol. ii. pi. 138. f. 3. Hab. Galapagos Islands aud Panama. Of a very elevated conical form, merely sculptured with rather obscure ridges and striee. Species 9. (Fig. a, b, c, d, Mus. Cuming.) Siphonaria sipho. Siph. testa subacute conicd, Bala- niformi, varie radiatim costatd et liratd ; costis liris- que opaco-albis, interstitiis purpurascente-fnscis. The siphon Siphonaria. Shell somewhat acutely coni- cal, Balanus-shaped, variously radiately ribbed and ridged ; ribs and ridges opake white, interstices pur- ple-brown. SowERBY, Genera of Shells, Siphonaria. f 1 and 4. Siphonaria e.vigua, Sowerby. Siphonaria crebricostata, Nuttall. Siphonarice albicans, Zelandica, acuta, punctata, and pUcata; Quoy and Gaimard. Hab. Philippine Islands. This species, of which fine specimens, such as those figured, were collected in abundant variety by Mr. Cuming at the Philippine Islands, differs materially in the character of its sculpture, the ribs being sometimes numerous and close-set, as in Mr. Sowerby's typical specimen, sometimes distant, with small intervening ridges, as in S. exigua of the same author. , Sip/i ( >n <( rid . PI . Ill . / .jovrtrVy t.lel et liUi . SIPHONARIA, Species 10. (Pig. a,h, Mus. Cuming.) SipiioNAEiA VENOSA. Siph. testd ovatd, elevato-coniat, a-fi.musculd, rudiaiim dense nfriatd, stri'm nigris, e/c- vatiuseidin. The veined Siphon aria. Shell ovate, elevately conical, rather thick, radiately densely striated, stria? black, somewhat raised. Hfii. Cape Coast. A raised oblong conical species, of rather solid gTowth, characterized within and without with pencil-black raised lilies. Species 11. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.) SipiioNARiA LiNEOLATA. Sifh. testd depresm ovatd, teniii, radiatim obtuse costatd, costis lath, versus verticem obsoletis ; peUncido-fitscd, nir/ro tiuctd, costis pellii- cido-alhis. The uneolate Siphonaria. Shell depressly ovate, thin, radiately obtusely ribbed, ribs broad, obsolete towards the top; transparent brown, black-stained, ribs transparent white. SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 183.5, p. 6. Siphonaria plana, Quoy and Gaimard. Hah. Chili and Central America (on rocks in exposed si- tuations) ; Cuming. Chiefly distinguished by its broad sinuated transparent white superficial ribs. Species 12. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.) Siphonaria obliquata. Sipli. testa ova,to-oblon(jd, suh- depressd, radiatim ohliqmte liratd, vertiee uncinatd ; cinereo-fuscd. The crooked Siphonaria. Shell ovately oblong, rather depressed, radiately crookedly ridged, vertex unci- nate; ash-brown. SowERBY, Tankerville Catalogue, App. p. 7. n. SU9. Siphonaria scutellnm, Deshayes. Hah. New Zealand. This oblong species, quite unique in form and dimen- sions, has a sharp uncinate apex, and is crookedly distorted Species 13. (F'ig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) PHONARIA coNCiNNA. Siph. tesld subdcpresse ovatd, I acnte rude cosfafd, costis numerosis ; costis albidis, 1 interstiliisferrwjineo-nifjris. I The NEAT Siphonaria. Shell subdepressly ovate, sharply rudely ribbed ; ribs white, interstices rusty- black. SowERBY, Genera of Shells, f. 1 and 3. Hab. Gambia and Mauritius. Of a characteristic oval dish-shape, neatly coloured witli shining purple-black between the white ribs. Species 14.. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Siphonakia atka. Siph. testa depresse ovatd, temii, ra- diatim costatd, costis subacutis, irregularihus, inter- stitiis striatic ; pellucido-nigrd aitt riifo-fuscd, costix albidis. The black Siphonaria. Shell depressly ovate, thin, radiately ribbed, ribs rather sharp, irregular, with the interstices striated; transparent black or red-lirown, ribs whitish. Quoy and Gaimakd, Voy. de I'Astrolabe, vol. ii. p. 337. pi. 25. f. 41, 43. Siphonaria Coreensis, Adams and Reeve. Hab. Singapore, Corea, Island of Vanikoro. Closely allied to S. lineoMa, though sufficiently distin- guished by the ribs being more pronounced, with inter- veninn; striae. Sf/Jtr//r//m ,Fl.B. • • Vmcent BroclcE Imp- SIPHON ARIA. Species lo. (Fig. a, h, Mas. Cuniiii;;'.) SlPHONAllIA .EmULORATA. Siph. lesld ohtOH(JO-UVal(i, irregulari, conwxo-depressd, vertke micmatd, dense rude Urutd, nmrgine terme deniiculato ; nordide fused, iiiliis pitrpiirm-castuned. The fringei) Siphonakia. Shell oblong-ovate, irregu- lar, coiivexly depressed, uncinate at the top, densely rudely ridged, margin tinely denticulated ; dirty brown, purple-ciiestnnt within. Gkay, MS., Mus. Curaing. Hcd). Mazatlan. Closely allied to S. deidicidata, but uiieniate at the top and more iinely sculptured. Species 16. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Sll'llONAElA PICA. ShpJt. testa omtd, cu/irexd, certice siibacuminatd, radktim costatd, costisforllbics, dlstan- tihus, interstitiis striatis ; inius exlusgue aird, costis albis. The pied Siphonakia. Shell ovate, convex, rather acuminated at the top, radiately ribbed, ribs strong, distant, striated in the interstices ; black, ribs white, black within and without. SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 183.5, p. t;. Hah. Acapulco. Well characterized by its distant white ribs np(jn a black ground. Species 17. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Siphonakia Brasiliana. Sipk. testa omtd, depnssim- culd, dense cm'ritgato-costatd, vertice obtnso ; sordidi albicante, intiis fmco-uiyro eleynnler Hiimld. The Brazilian Siphonakia. Shell ovate, rather de- pressed, closely corrugately ribbed, top obtuse ; dirty white, within elegantly lineated with brown-black. llah. Rio Janeiro. ;V rather depressly close-ribbed shell, elegantly pencilled with brown-black in the interior. Species 18. (Fig. u, li, Mus. Cuming.) Sipli. testa ovatd, sabirreyn dens} striata, striis niyrit Mphonabia palpebrum. lari, convexd, radUdii e/n-atiiiscif/is. The eye-lid Siphonakia. Shell ovate, somewhat irre- gular, convex, radiately densely striated, strise black, slightly raised. Jfab. Lisbon. Sculptured black strife. d the margin with closely-set pencilled Species 1',). (Fig. a, li, Mus. Curaing.) Siphonakia costata. Siph. testa omtd, aciiminato-coH- ve.m, teniii, vertice uncinato, radlatim corriigato-cos- fatd, costis interdum partim obsoletis ; sordidi ciuered, iniiis purpureo-rnfd. The ribbed Siphonakia. Shell ovate, acuminately con- vex, thin, top uncinate, radiately wrinkle-ribbed, ribs sometimes partially obsolete ; dull ash, interior nur- ple-red. SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 0. Huh. Guacama, Central America. Of rather tin interior. i'th, dec lie-red in tin Siplioiiaria . PI . V. Wf ^:!!i V V x'^ "If 1 • • • • • So-werl"A' 0.4 et lith YiTv-'iTi.X Broo>.£ Iinp SIPIIONARIA I'late V. Species 30. (JIus. Cimiing.) SiPiiONAUiA KuRiiACUEENSis. fiiph. leMd ckprcsso- conicd, subacute coslatd, lira ceii/raU stnisqne in in- terstitiis, siplioue suhconspicuo ; alba, croceo phin minus tincta, prope verticem. niyro pallide radiatd. The Kureachee Siphonakia. Shell depvessly conical, rather sharply ribbed, with a central ridge and striio in the interstices, siphon rather conspicuous ; white, more or less tinged with yellow, faintly rayed with black near the top. Hub. Kurrachee, Scinde. Distinctly rayed with small equidistant ribs, faintly im- pressed towards the top with black hair-lines upon a white ground tinged with yellow. Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) SiPlioNARiA ZEBRA. Siph. lestd depresso-conicd, radia- tini coslatd et liratd, costis irregularibus, hie itlic conspicuis, sipJtone distineto ; alba, maculis uif/ris uud vel duabus. The zebra Siphonaria. Shell depressly conical, ra- diately ribbed and ridged, ribs irregular, here and there conspicuous, siphon distinct ; white, with one or two black blotches. Hab. Philippine Islands. Of more irregular uncouth growth than the preceding species, ribbed more on one side and blotched quite pro- miscuously with black. Species 33. (JIus. Cuming.) Siphonaria bipurcata. S'ipk. tcstd perdepresse conicd, tenuiculd, radialim coslatd, latis, obtusis, subsuperji- ciariis ; lutescente-albd, coslarum interstitiis nigra radiatis. The bipukcate Siphonaria. Shell very depressly co- nical, rather thin, radintely ribbed, ribs broad, ob- tuse, rather superficial ; yellowish-white, interstices between the ribs rayed with black. Hab. Port Jackson, Australia ; Strange. A rather flat thin species, rayed with obtuse supcrtioial ribs, the interstices between which are stainei black. Species 33. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.) Siphonaria Tristensis. Sijih. testa ovato-conicd, tenui- culd, rerlice suboblique acun/iunfo li inforto ; ■Horilide rirrsri'nlr, liiirii fii.scis irnyuftiri/i-r nidinlin, Jiln.sd, inliis nilenle autaiied. The Tristan Siphonaria. Shell ovatcly conical, rather thin, vertex somewhat obliquely acuminated and twisted in ; dull greenish, irregularly radiately threaded with bifurcate brown lines, interior shining chestnut. SowERBY, Genera of Shells, f. 3. Patella Tristensis, Leach. Siphonaria Lessoni, Blainville. Hab. Tristan D'Acunha, West Indies. Of the same obliquely intorted Capulus type as the pre- ceding species, but more erect. Species 34. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Siphonaria redi.micilum. Sijjh. testa tumidi conicd. Caput if arm i, rerlice conspicue oblique intortd, sub- obsolete radialim liratd, tenuiculd ; sordid e nigra. The BONNET Siphonaria. SheU tumidly conical, Ca- j(»//;(.s-shaped, with a vertex conspicuously obliquely twisted in, rather obsoletely radiately ridged, rather thin ; dirty black. Hob. ■ ? Curiously distinguished by its light Capulus-Wke form, with the vertex being prominently obliquely twisted in- wards. (Fi , Mus. Cuming.) Species 35 Siphonakia Macgilliveayi. Siph. testd ovatd, conicd, Capulifonni, vertice oblique intorto, oljsoletii coslatd, costis distanlibus, sordide fused, intus nitide ca.s- taned. Macgillivray"s Siphonaria. Shell ovate, conical, t'«y/«/««-shaped, with vertex obliquely twisted in- March, 1856. SIPHONAEIA.— Plate V. wards, obsoletely ribbed, rib? distant ; dirty brown, interior shining chestnut. Hah. Island of St. Paul's. Of the same Capulus type as the two previous species small and faintly distantly ribbed. Species 26. (Mns. Cuming.) SiPHONARiA FEEEUGINEA. Siplt. testcl subdcfvessd, ra- diatim costatis, costis acidis, rudibm, irregnlarihus. iiplione conspicuo ; sordide lugrescente, mtvs niyro- castaneo varie tinetd. The RrsT\ Siphonaria. Shell rather depressed, ra- diately ribbed, ribs sharp, rude, irregular, sipliou conspicuous ; dirty blackish, variously stained within with blackish-chestnut. Hah.- ? A depressed rudely ribbed species, promiscuously stained within with blackish-chestnut, the margin being prettily denticulated and edged with the same colour. SawtrlTv dd et ntli ^' :' . iiiVdms late divergeHtihus ; albd, pal- Ji,lrj„.r. ,.-„;■' inictd. The puckered Siphonaria. Shell somewhat oblong- ovate, depressed, radiately ribbed, interstices neatly striated, the anterior lateral ribs broadly diverging ; white, tinged with pale brown. Hab. Puteao, Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. Distinguished chiefly by its more oblong form : rainently developed ribs. pro- May, 18.5G. Stphmaria PL VIL c^^V. Wm t t SIPHONARIA Species 32. (Fig. a, b. Mils. Cuming.) SiPiiONAKiA SPINOSA. S'qtli. testd ovatd, mbdepresm, (I [dee lateraliter unciuato, radiatim coalatd, costis siih- (iii^Hntis, jirofiise squamato-sphtosis ; lutesceiite-albd. The spined Siphonama. Shell ovate, rather depressed, apes laterally uncinate, radiately ribbed, ribs rather narrow, profusely squamately spined; yellowish- white. Ilfib. New Zealand. Distinguished in a characteristic manner from all other sjK'cics by its squaniate spines. Species 33. (Fig. <(, h, Mus. Cuming.) Si phonama amaka. S'qih. lestd ovaid, dqirfsm-conoidcd, apice antke unciuato, radiatim dense cosiatd et linitd ; iiifjrd, albo fasciatim radiatd. The liLACKisn Siphonaria. Shell ovate, depressly co- noid, apes anteriorly uncinate, radiately closely rilibcd and ridged ; black, rayed with white bands. Nuttall, MS., Mus. Cuming. Hab. California. Chiefly to be recognized cinder-black ground. upon Species 34. (Fig. a, b, JIus. Cuming.) SiPHONAttiA FULiGiNATA. Siji/i. fedd orbiciiiari, ovatd, mbdepressd, obscure radiatim fimbriato-costatd, costis versus apicem obsoletis ; sordide albd, ferrngineo-nii/n sjmrsim macidatd. The sooted Siphonaeia. Shell orbicularly ovate, rather depressed, obscurely radiately fimbriatcly ribbed, ribs obsolete towards the apex ; dull white, spar blotched with rusty-black. The ribs of this species have a furbelowed appearance ear the margin, and arc obsolete towards the apes. Species 35. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Cuming.) Siphonaria FUNICUL.4.TA. Siph. testd omtd, depresso- coiwided, apice aiitice unciuato, radiatim dense elevato- striatd ; ctpndescente-nigrd, striis liindis. The cokded Siphonaria. Shell ovate, depressly co- noid, apes anteriorly uncinate, radiately densely cle- vately striated ; blue-black, strisc livid. JPab. ? A somewhat conoid species, densely rayed with raised livid stria! upon a lilack ground, the apex being slightly hooked anteriorly. Species 36. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) SiPHONARl.A MATJEA. SipA. testd ovatd, subdepressd, apice lateraliter unciuato, radiathn liratd, liris snbdistanti- bns, iulerstitiis striatis ; sordidH fuscescente, fascia nigra JKxta marginem, intus nitente atrd. The moor Siphonaria. Shell ovate, rather depressed, apex laterally uncinate, radiately ridged, ridges rather distant, with the interstices striated; dull brown, with a black band nest the margin, interior shining black. SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 7. Ilab. Panama. A little shining black species, rusty-brown exteriorly escept nest the margin. SIPHON A H lA acuta, Quoy H- ajquilorata, Reeve IV. alljicans, Quoy II. amara, NaUnll VII. atra, Quoy III. Eaconi, Reeve VI. bifiircata. Reeve V. Brasiliana, Reeve I\^ cancer, Reeve II. characteristica, Reeve II. cochleariformis, Reeve VI. coiicinna, Sowerby III. Coreensis, Adams and Reeve ... III. coiTugata, Reeve VI. costata, Soicerby IV. crehriconlata, Nuttall II. clentieulata, Quoij I. Diemenensis, Quoy I. exiyua, Sovverby II. fen-uginea, Reeve V. fuligiuata. Reeve VII. funieulata, Reeve II. lirata. Reeve VII. gigas, Sowerliy I. Kurracheensis, Reeve V. Leuom, Blainville V. kL'viuscula, Blainville I. liueolata, Sowerhy III. Luzonica, Reeve VI. Macgillivrayi, Reeve V. maura, Sowerby . VI]. obliquata, Sowerby III. palpebnim, Reeve IV. pica, Sowerby IV. plana, Quoy III. plicatu, Quoy II. punctata, Quoy II. redimiculum, Reeve V. scabra. Reeve I. scutelliim, Deshayes III. siplio, Sowerby II. Siquijorensis, Reeve VI. spinosa. Reeve VII. Tristensis, Sowerby V. venosa, Reeve HI. zebra. Reeve V. Zelandica, Quoy II. ERK.ATUM. S.f„.,in,l„l„, MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS N E R I T A. NmtaJI.I. ,>rf£^fct 0i dry eld ft, \Ai N E R I T A. Plate 1. Genus NEHITA, Linndna. Testa globoso-ovaia, spird raru exserlu, aiifractibus siibcovi- presse couvolutis, interdum lamgaiis, plerumqne spira- Uler costatis vel liratis, aperturd semioriicidari, labro intus crenaio-lirato, interdmn ad latirra dcnticulato, area colimiellari subampld, sape granulatd aid corrii- gatd, ad marginem plernmqne dentatd ; colore raria, sapissime vivide picta ; operculo iedaceo. Shell globosely ovate, spire rarely exserted, whorls rather compressly convoluted, sometimes smooth, generally spirally ribbed or ridged, aperture semiorbicular, lip crenately ridged within, sometimes toothed at the sides, coIumcUar area rather large, often granulated or wrinkled, generally toothed at the margin ; colour various, mostly brightly painted ; operculum testa- ceous. The Sea Nerites liave always been a favourite tribe of sheOs among eoUeetors, on account of their pretty varie- ties of painting. The animal of the Freshwater Nerites, which I propose, contrary to the opinion of some con- chologists, to associate still under the head of Neritbia, is the same, but the shell is of lighter structure and of more sombre hue. From Natica the shell of Nerifa dill'ers in being more sculptured and more brilliantly coloured, and the columellar area is, with few exceptions, toothed, and either grained or wrinkled. The genus has been well ex- amined by M. Eecluz, but severa' of his species I have been unable to identify for want );ures. Fortunately the types of most of this French concliologist's species are in the collection of Mr. Cuming, who confided his 'speci- mens to him about fifteen years since for description. The species which are named for the first time in the following Monograph have accumulated since that period. The Nerilte are most abundant in the ^Molucca and Philippine Islands, and New Zealand and Australia con- tribute some fine species. A few species inhabit the shores of Central America and the West Indies, but the genus is not represented generally in the New World. The species are less numerous than those of Neritiiia, and there are few of small size. Species 1. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) ITA EXUVIA. Ner. testa ovald, crussd, subfm plano- excavatd, spird minuld, laterali, superjiciariu, apice acuta, nnfract.ibus sviatigusie roiimdaiis, spiralUcr costatis, codis aiigirstis, elevatis, sidcis intermediis latis, conspicue excavatis, lird pared centrali percnr- rente, aperturm fauce liratd, columella latissime coii- caod, granulatd, ad marginem medio minute denticii- latd ; costis caruleo-nigris, sparsim albo-Uneatis,mlcis albidis caruleo-nigro macidatis, area colmnellari fnho tinctd. The snake-skin Nerite. Shell ovate, thick, flatly ex- cavated beueath, spire minute, lateral, superficial, sharp at the apex, whorls rather narrowly rounded, spirally ribbed, ribs narrow, raised, intermediate grooves broad, conspicuously excavated, with a small central ridge running through them, interior of the aperture ridged, columella very broadly concave, gra- nulated, and minutely toothed in the middle at the edge ; ribs blue-black, sparingly marked with white lines, grooves whitish, spotted with blue-black, colu- mellar area fulvous-tinged. LiNX.EDS (not of Lamarck), Mus. reg. Ulricte, p. 682. Ncrita Malaccensis, Lamarck. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Much confusion has arisen through confounding the well-known N. plexa of Chemnitz with the Linna'an 'N. exuvia; but the description " nigricans lineis transversis albidis " in the careful diagnose above referred to, does not apply to that species. Species 3. (Fig. a to d, Mus. Cuming.) Xerita polita. Ner. tesid oblif/iie ovatd, subtus plano- convexd, crassd, spird minutd, obtuse plunatd, anfrav- tibiis angusle rotnndatis, spiram versiis lateraliter com- prcssis, livvigaiis vel corriiffalo-striatis, apertura fauce tix obsolete liratd, area coliimellari ad marginem rude tetme dentatd ; varie iniiide eoloratd, subtus alba, po- lita. The polished Nerite. Shell obliquely ovate, flatly convex beneath, thick, spire minute, obtusely flat- tened, whorls narrowly rounded, laterally compressed towards the spire, smooth or wrinkle-striated, in- terior of the aperture scarcely obsoletely ridged, co- lumellar area rudely finely toothed at the edge ; va- riously brightly coloured, wliite and polished beueatli. LiNN.n;s,'Syst. Nat. (lOlh edit.) p. 778. August, l!i NEEITA.— Plate I. Neritm nigra, favescens, and kkroglyphka, Chemnitz. Ner'dcB bidens and bifaselata, Gmelin. Ea/i. Philippine Islands, Mauritius, etc. Extremely variable in colouring and marking, but al- ways characterized by its peculiar pinched form next the spire. Species 3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nekita ornata. Xer. testa globoso-turbinatd, soliiUs- sima, sptrd exsertd, promirmld, anfraclibus superne decUvibus, deinde roimidatis, undique dense spiralUer cosfatis, eostis regidariiits, subplanatk, aperturd intm i/icrassatd et serraid, area columellari corrngatd et rude dentatd; albidd, eostis plus minus interrwpte cmrnleo-mgricantibm. The adorned Nekite. Shell globosely turbinated, very solid, spire exserted, rather prominent, whorls slant- ing at the upper part, then rounded, everywhere closely spirally ribbed, ribs regular, rather flat, aper- ture inwardly thickened and serrated, columellar area wrinkled and rudely toothed ; whitish, ribs more or less interruptedly blue-black. SowERBY, Genera of Shells, No. 10. Hab. Panama and Gallapagos Islands (on the rocks at low water) ; Cuming. The largest and most solid species of the genus, spi- rally ilatly ribbed throughout ; the ribs being of moderate width, regular, and close-set, and coloured with blue-black promiscuously interrupted with white. Species 4. (ilus. Cuming.) Neetta quadricolor. Ner. testd siihglobosd, solidius- culd, spird subexsertd, anfraclibus superne decUvibus, deinde convexis, spiraliter costatis, eostis parviusciilis, mcmerosis, suhirregularibus, aperturm fauce tenuiter serratd, ared columellari sparsim granulatd et corrn- gatd, ad marginem conspicue dentatd ; pallide roseo- violaced, eostis irregulariter nigro maculatis, apice lutescente. The four-coloured Nerite. Shell subglobose, rather solid, spire somewhat exserted, whorls slanting round the upper part, then convex, spirally ribbed, ribs rather small, numerous, somewhat irregular, interior of the aperture finely serrated, columellar area; spar- ingly granulated and wrinkled, conspicuously toothed at the edge; pale pinkish-violet, ribs irregularly spotted with black, apex yellowish. Gmelin, Syst. Nat. (I3th edit.) p. 3684. Nerita maris rubri, Chemnitz. Hab. Eed Sea. Colour, which in the preceding species is too variable to be of any specific value, is in this species very charac- teristic, the specimens being always of the same pinkish- violet hue with yellow apex. Nenta,F/.[I. ^^ ti -^x '-^ ".dsf^ / Scwa:l!V dr] ft. lilh ^eeni- &ioaks Imp. NERITA. Plate II. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) Nerita antiquata. Ner. testa globosd, soUdd, compactd, spird plano-depressd, anfractUnis rotundatis, coiicen- trice dense lirato-striatis, aperturd intus iucrassatd, obsok'te serratd, ared colmnellari leviter comgatd, bideiidatd ; griseo-albd, palllde nigricantc varie nebu- losd et lenfiginosd, colmnelld viteUind. The antiquated Nerite. Shell globose, solid, compact, spii-e flatly depressed, whorls rounded, concentrically closely ridge-striated, aperture thickened inwardly, obsoletely serrated, columellar area faintly wrinkled, two-toothed ; greyish-white, variously clouded and freckled with pale black, columella yelk-yellow. Eecluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 18H, p. 106. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. A particularly rounded solid shell, compressed towards the spire, sculptured throughout with close-set concentric ridge-like striae, with a characteristic yelk -yellow stain across the toothed edge of the columella. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) Nerita costata. Ner. testd globosd, solidd, spird ob- tuse planatd, spiraliter costatd, costis rotundatis, re- gularibus, interstitiis nitide excavatis, aperturd iu- crassatd, fortiter serratd et dentatd, ared colmnellari convexd, corrugatd, fortiter dentatd; costis conspicne carbonario-nigris, interstitiis fulvis, ared coluntellari miperne luteo tinctd. The ribbed Nerite. Shell globose, solid, spire ob- tusely flattened, spirally ribbed, ribs rounded, re- gular, the interstices neatly excavated, aperture thick- ened, strongly serrated and toothed, columellar area convex, wrinkled, strongly toothed ; ribs conspicu- ously coal-black, interstices yellowish, columellar area stained with yellow at the upper part. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. 299. pi. 191. f. 1906, 1967. Hab. Island of Nicobar. A compressly rounded solid shell, conspicuously dis- tinguished by its bold symmetrical coal-black ribs, yel- lowish in the interstices. [ Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) I Nerita Deshayesii. Ner. testa globoso - turbinata, cra.'isd, spird subexsertd, anfractibus superne subde- clivibiis, deihde rotundatis, spiraliter costatis, costis t.eHuibus, Humerosis, valde irregularibns, siibserratis, aperturd incrassatd, obscure serratd, dentatd, ared cohnni-Uari promiscue corriigutd, rudissime fortiter lU'ittaid : hiii'Hccute-alhd, ccenileo-nigro sparsim im- diitd, cohiiuelld inter denies viieUind. Deshayes' Nerite. Shell globosely turbinated, thick, spii-e rather exserted, whorls rather slanting at the upper part, then rounded, spirally ribbed, ribs thin, numerous, very irregular, subserrated, aperture thick- ened, faintly serrated, toothed, columellar area pro- I miscuously wrinkled, very rudely strongly toothed ; I yellowish -white, sparingly waved with blue-black, columella yelk-yellow between the teeth. I Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 101-. i Ilab. Panama. Closely allied to N. ornata, from the same locality, but distinguished slightly and characteristically from that spe- cies in all particulars. It is turbinated, with the spire less exserted ; the ribs are narrower and more irregular, and serrated ; the colouring is waved, and the teeth are much more rudely developed. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) Nerita peloronta. Ner. testa oblongo-globosd, spird subexsertd, anfractibus superne coucavo-declivibus, (1,'inde rotiindis, spiraliter costatis, costis mediocribus, conferlis, aperturd intus incrassatd, vix serratd, ared colmnellari concavo-excamtd, subirregulariter dentatd; Intescente-albd, nigra et roseo varie flexuose maciilatd, ared colmnellari et inter denies sanguineo tinctd. The bleeding-tooth Nerite. Shell oblong-globose, spire somewhat exserted, whorls concavely slanting at the upper part, then rounded, spirally ribbed, ribs middling, close-set, aperture thickened inwardly, scarcely serrated, columellar area concavely exca- vated, somewhat iiTegularly toothed; yellowish- white, variously flexuously spotted with black and crimson, columellar area and between the teeth blood- stained. LiNN.EUs, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.), p. 778. NERITA.— Plate II. Hnlj. West Indies. This well-known species is distinguished from all others by the remarkable blood-stain on the columellar area. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) Nerita funiculata. Ner. testa ovatd, solidd, spird sub- exsei-td, anfractibus rotmidatis, liris tenuibus confertis spiraliter funiculat'is, aperturd subincrassatd, vix ser- ratd, subampliter expansd, ared columellari promises rorrngatd, dentatd ; purpiirascente-nigrd, inter liras pallida. The coeded Nerite. Shell ovate, solid, spire slightly exserted, whorls rounded, spirally corded with fine close-set ridges, aperture rather thickened, scarcely serrated, rather largely expanded, columellar area ])romiscuously wrinkled ; purple-black, pale between the ridges. Hah. ? The sculpture of this species resembles that of N. U- iieata, except that the ridges are closer set. In the broad expanded aperture and wrinkled columellar area, it differ.* from that species materially. x.Tihi.pi.m. /'* N " Sowcrb^ dd * tti Yjmrnt Broofo Imp NERITA Plate III. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) Nerita grossa. Ner. testa ohliqne ovatd, solidd, spl)-d parvd, vix exsertd, spiraliter costatd, costis rotundatis, elevatis, interstitiis suhprofande excavatis, lira inter- media prope aperturam, aperturd iutiis incrassatd et serratd, ared columellari corrugatd et rude dentatd j citiereo-grised, nigricante-olivaceo irregulariter articii- latd, iipice lutescente. The stout Nerite. Shell obliquely ovate, solid, spire small, scarcely exserted, spirally ribbed, ribs round, elevated, interstices rather deeply excavated, with an intermediate ridge next the apertm-e, aperture thick- ened and serrated inwardly, columellar area wrinkled and rudely toothed ; ash-grey, irregularly articulated with blackish-olive, apex yellowish. LiNNiEUs, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.), p. 778. Deshayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 61 1. Hab. Island of Burias, Philippiucs (on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. Distinguished by its raised rounded ribs and excavateil interstices, articulated with a characteristic olive-brown tone of colouring. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) Nerita nigekuima. Nir. testa ovato-globosd, crassd, spird parvd, subexsertd, anfraetibm supente concavo- planatis, deinde conveys, lavibus, spiraliter sulcato- striatis, striis versus aperturam gradatim obsoletis, aperturd intus incrassatd, tenue serratd, peculiariter expansd, ared columellari subobscure corrugatd, leviter denticulatd ; intense caruleo-nigrd, interdum albipunc- tatd, ad aperturam lutescente. The very black Nerite. Shell ovately globose, thick, spire small, rather exserted, whorls concavely flat- tened at the upper part, then convex, smooth, spirally groove-striated, strife gradually obsolete towards the aperture, aperture thickened inwardly, finely ser- rated, jjeculiarly expanded, columellar area obscurely wrinkled, slightly toothed; deep blue-black, some- times white-dotted, yellowish at the aperture. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. 309, pi. 193. f. 1985. 1986. Nerita atcrrimu, Gmelin. A solid blue-black species, spirally groove-striated, the strife becoming gradually fainter as they approach the aperture, which is peculiarly rotundately expanded. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) Nerita plexa. Ner. testd ovato-glohosd, spird plano- compressd, anfraetibm spiraliter costatd, costis alter- t/ritim latis et angtistis, subirregularibiis, undique ru- goso-serratis, aperturd intus sub incrassatd, liratd, ared columelhiri plano-excavatd, granuhitd, vix dentata ; albd, macuUs carnleo-nigris subremote tessellatd, (tpice et ared columelhiri luteo tinctis,fauce luted. The platted Nerite. Shell ovately globose, flatly com- pressed at the spire, whorls spirally ribbed, ribs al- ternately broad and narrow, rather irregular, rugosely serrated throughout, aperture slightly thickened with- in, ridged, columellar area flatly excavated, granu- lated, scarcely toothed; white, rather distantly tes- sellated with blue-black spots, apex and columellar area tinged with yellow, interior yellow. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. 190. f. 19-14, 1945. Nerita textiUs, Gmelin. Nerita exuvia, Lamarck (not of Liuna?us). Hub. Philippine Islands; Cuming. In this well-known species the dark spots are blue- shaded and rather distant, on white ribs, which are alter- nately broader and narrower, wliile the apex is impressly flattened and yellowish. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) Nerita lineat\. Ner. testa oblongo-oraid, siibglohosd, apice Idlcrali. piinim exsertd, anfractibus rotiindutis, .■iiibiiiiyii^Ha, iiiliili dense spiraliter tenuiliratis, aper- turd subinerassatd, serratd, ared columellari pland, Icevigatd, rude minute denticulatd ; roseo-cinered, liris piirpureo-nigris, ared columellari luteo tinctd. The lineated Nerite. Shell oblong-ovate, subglobose, apex lateral, but little exserted, whoris rounded, rather narrow, neatly closely finely spirally ridged, aperture slightly thickened, serrated, columellar area flat, smooth, rudely minutely toothed ; pink-ash, ridges purple-black, columellar area stained with yellow. June, 1855. NERITA.— Plate III. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. pi. 191. f. 1958, 1959. Hah. Port Essington, North Australia. Philippine Is- lands. Of an elegant oblong narrowly globose form, closely sculptured throughout with neat puiijle-black linear ridges upon a pink-ash ground, the columellar area being con- spicuously stained with yellow. Species l-l. (Mus. Cuming.) Nerita Ascensionis. Ner. testa ovato-turbinatd, spird subexsertd, mifractilms mperm concavo-impresm, spi- raliter cosfatis, costis rotundatis, subelevatis, undique tenuiserratis, interstitiis excavatis, aperturd vix in- crassatd, area columdlari obsolete corriujatd, biden- tatd; lutescente-albd, costis maculis griseo-nigricaitli- bus dense tessellatis, area columellari lutesceute. Tub Ascension Nerite. Shell ovately turbinated, spire rather exserted, whorls concavely impressed at the upper part, spirally ribbed, ribs rounded, rather ele- vated, finely serrated throughout, interstices exca- vated, aperture scarcely thickened, columellar area obsoletely wrinkled, two-toothed ; yellowish-white, ribs thickly tessellated with grey-black s])ots, colu- mellar area yellowish. Hab. Island of Ascension. Of rather light growth, speckled throughout on the ribs with clouded blue-black or grey spots, the interstices being of a yellowish or pinkish hue. Kmhi.l'I.K K, fb N l] K I r A I'l.A Species 15. (Mas. Cuming.) Nerita Le Guillouan.\. Ner. testa mbovnto-globosd, crassd, spird subuxsertd, anfracti/iii-i declivi-cnnvexis, spiraliter costatis, costis coiifer/ix, /jam's, ,,/n/io H juxta suturam majoribws, ttpniiurd i.imi.ssnlil ,7 si-r- ratd, area columellari incrnsmtd d jiromiM-ih- cor- rugntd, dentatd; cinereo-albd, ynseo-olwaceu macn- latd et variegatd, apice luteo. Le GuiLLOu's Nerite. Shell subovately globose, lliick, spire a little exserted, wbovls slantingly convex, spi- rally ribbed, ribs close-set, small, larger in the middle and next the suture, aperture thickened and serrated, columellar area thickened and promiscuously wrinkled, toothed ; ash-white, mottled and variegated with grey olive, apex yellow. Uechjz, Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuvierienue, 18-t2, p. 17S. Ihib. Philippine Islands. A solid finely-ribbed species, ricidy mottled and \ nric- gated throughout with greyish-olive, the apex being yel- low, and the columellar area much swollen and wrinkled. compressed towards the spire, spire seai'cely exserted, whorls spirally grooved, grooves linear, rather close- set, aperture thickened and slightly serrated, largely expanded, columellar area obsoletely wart-wrinkled, toothed; grey-black, sparingly interrupted with ash- white, columella faintly yellowish. Eecli;/,, Eev. Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1843, p. 170. H(d}. Australia. An nliloiig solid shell, ratlier compressed near the spire, and lioUllv exiianded at the aijcrture. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) Nerita atrata. Ner. teaf/i semif/lobond, crassd, spird viv exscrld, (iiifriiclihus rolntidnl'ix^ jiixia spi.ram com- pressis, spiniViler i'I,'nilo-\lriiilis, nperturd vaUle iii- crassald, levilrr si'rruh!, rol u iidnto-expansd, ared co- Inmellari coitrard, iniitiiti denluld; carboiiarlo-atrd, inter slr'ws jmllidd. The rlack Nerite. Shell .semiglobosc, thick, spire scarcely exserted, whoris rounded, compressed next the spire, spirally elevately striated, aperture much thickened, slightly serrated, rotundately expanded, columellar area concave, minutely toothed ; coal- black, pale between the stride. Chemnitz, Couch. Cab. vol. v. pi. 19i». p. 296, f. i:).-jt, 1955. Hab. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. The surface of this species is not dcprcssly grooved, as described by Lamarck, but merely finely linearly impressed, or, as Chemnitz characterizes it, " lineis obsoletis vi\ nia- nifestis in fundo nijierrimo circumdata." Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) Nerita Madra. Ner. tesld oblonyo-ovald, crassd, solidd, spiram versus compressd, spird vix exsertd, anfractl- biis spiraliter suJcatis, sulcis linearibus, sicbcot/fertis, nperturd incrassaid et leviler serratd, amplitir cr- pausd, ared columellari obsolete verrucoso-corriujnld, dentatd ; grlsm-iiiijrivinilf, ciin'rco-allio uparsiui inter- riiptd, Cohtwelhl lialVnli- 1,,1,'srriilr. The Moor Nerite. Shell obloii'^-ovate, thick, solid, Species IS. (Mus. Cuming.) Nerita ciirysostoma. Ner. lesld orutd, Tnrhiuifonni, siilciitil, s/i/cis liiimriiiii.K, siihirnyiilarihiix, iiprrliird iiicra.sxdtd I'l xi'rrnld, siiliexpaiisd, ared culnvirlliin proiiiixriii^ corritgntd, di'iilald ; sordide httescente-albd, iiiiiriciiiite-oliriu'eojh'xiinso-variegatd, ared columellari et aperturd rHelUuis. The oolden-mouthed Nerite. Shell ovate, Turbo- shaped, thick, spire exserted, whorls convex, spirally grooved, grooves linear, rather irregular, aperture thickened and serrated, rather expanded, columellar areapromiseuniisly wrinkled, toothed ; dull yellowish- white, flexnnu-l\ \;irie'j:iii (1 with blackish-olive, aper- ture and columellar are.i tinged with yclk-ycllow. Recluz, Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, ]). 10-t. Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. This species when laid upon the aperture has, moi-e than any other, the aspect of a Tnrhn, having externally the typical form, sculpture, and marking of that genus. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) Nerita semikigosa. Ner. testa oblougn-globosd, solidd. spird phiiin-rniiciiri!, apice r.rserld, inifnirl'dius liris coiijcrlis iiilidi' yiiraliirr fiiiiiriditlis. iiprrlnrd iii- crassntd id srrrald, ared cohimidUiri xvuiiriKjiisd, d,-n- tatd; olivaceo-ciiiered, Jlammis ut/datis ro.iaceis el ui- gris oblique iiebulatis, apice Inteo. The half-wrinkled Nerite. Shell oblong-globose, solid, spire flatly concave, with the apex exserted, whorls neatly spirally corded witli close-set ridges, aperture thickened and serrated, columellar area half- wrinkled, toothed; olive-ash, obliquely clouded with waved pink and black flames, apex yellow. Reclu/,, Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuviei ieiiui'. IsH, ]). 102. Eadem var. Nerita Ql,e.n,i!:,i . IJ.vlnz. Hab. Island of Tcrnate, Moluccas. Distinguished by the neat regularity of its corded ridges and oblifjuc flame-clouded colouring. Nmra,?/. V. 0 ^. NEIUTA Species 30. (Pig. IG, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita Arabica. Ner. testa compresse glohosa, soUdd, spird vix exsertd, anfractibus rotundatis, spiraliter Uneari-sulcatis, siilcis superficiariis, aperturd incras- said et tenuiserratd, area columellari verrucoso-rugosd et dentatd ; olkaceo-mridi, rosea tinctd, pimctis et ma- c/ilis nigris undique tesseUatd. The Arabic Nekite. Shell compressly globose, solid, spire scarcely exserted, whorls rounded, spirally li- nearly grooved, grooves rather superficial, aperture thickened and finely sen-ated, columellar area wart- wrinkled and toothed ; olive-green, tinged with rose, tessellated throughout with black dots and spots. Hab. Aden, Arabia. A compressly globose species, superficially linearly grooved, of a rose-stained olivc-grcen hue, tessellated in a characteristic manner with black dots and spots. Species 21. (Fig. 17, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita Neritinoides. Ner. testa ovaid, siibangustd, solidd, sjjird leviter obtuse exsertd, anfractibus superne concavo-declivibus, lavigatis, aperturd simplici, ared columellari concavo-planatd, obsolete minute denticu- latd ; intense nitente-atrd, ared columellari pallide aurantid. The Neritina-like Nerite. Shell ovate, rather nar- row, solid, spire slightly obtusely exserted, whorls concavcly slanting at the upper part, smooth, aper- ture simple, columellar area concavcly flattened, ob- solotely minutely toothed; intense shining black, columellar area pale orange. llab. ? A smooth shining black species, partaking in a striking manner of the characters of Neritimi. Species 32. (Fig. 18, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita maxima. Ner. testd oblongd, couijjm.sil xnlidi!, subcontcrtd, spird vix exsertd, anfruclilms sHji,riir concavo-planatis, deinde rotmidatis, obsolcl!- xpinilili-r lineari-sulcatd, lesvigntd, nitente, aperturd mcrassald et tenuiserratd, ared columellari politd, dentatd ; nigro et albo undato-nebulatd, nigro preevalente. The very large Nerite. Shell oblong, compressed, solid, somewhat twisted, spire scarcely exserted, whorls concavcly flattened at the upper part, tlicn rounded, obsoletely linearly spirally grooved, smootli, shining, aperture thickened and finely serrated, colu- mellar area polished, toothed; wave-clouded black and white, the black predominating. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. 287. pi 190. f. 1942, 194.3. This fine species, though faintly linearly grooved, is smootli and shining througiiout, clouded profusely with waved black, so as almost to obscure tlie white. Species 23. (Fig. 19, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita grisea. Ner. testd oblongo-ovatd, spird sube.v- sertd, anfractibus superne concavo-impressis, deinde ro- tundatis, dense spiraliter sulcatis, aperturd partim in- crassatd, subserratd, ared columellari subobsolete cor- rugato-Uratd, denticulatd ; albidd, griseo maculatd et obscure trifascintd, apice pallide lutescente. The grey Nerite. Shell oblong-ovate, spire slightly exserted, whorls concavcly impressed round the upper part, then rounded, closely spirally grooved, aperture but little thickened, faintly serrated, columellar area rather obsoletely wrinkle-ridged, toothed; whitish, spotted and obscurely three-banded with grey, apex pale yellow. Hab. Island of Samar, Philippines ; Cuming. The surface of this species, having a more or less eroded appearance, is promiscuously spottctl and three-ljanded with grey. Species 24. (Fig. 20, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita picea. Ner. tesin ovalii, mliiliiisnihl, Nrritinrp- formi, spird sube.rscrld, i lateral ilii's ,1m,. hu.s, rolai.irlhl l,-r'iler cnrnn,ala, uianjine uciili' ,lr„l,- culatd ; ciiu-reo-ynscd, iiigricaute obscure fascuild it cariegatd, punctis albidis aspersd. The Port Essington Nerite. Shell oblong-globose, spire rather exserted, whorls concavely impressed at the upper part, then convex, everywhere spirally ridge-corded, lip but little thickened inwardly, with two lateral teeth, columella faintly wrinkled, sharply toothed at the edge ; ash-gTey, obscurely banded and variegated with pale black, sprinkled with white dots. Recluz, Petit, Journ. Conch, vol. i. pi. 11. f 9. Hab. Port Essington, Australia. Of a grey ground-tint, s]n-inkled throughout with mi- nute whitish dots, and obscurely banded with pale black. August, 1855. Nmui.VJM. 0 NERITA. Species 30. ("Fig. «, h, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita rE.EcoGNiTA. Ner. testa mihglobosd, spird vix exsertd, anfractibtis dense spiralller costatk, coslis crenulatu, labro iiitits subinerassato, lirato, columella suiexcavatd, gramiUs perpauck, margine deiitatd ; al- hidd,fiilco et nigra prof use maculatd, apice lii/esccu/e. Tut. known Neeite. Shell subglobose, spire scarcely cxserted, whorls closely spirally ribbed, ribs creiiu- Inted, lip a little thickened inwardly, ridged, colu- mella rather excavated, with a few granules, toothed at the edge ; whitish, profusely spotted with black and fulvous, apex yellowish. (.'. B. Adams, MS. JIus. Cuming. //„/,. ? A very characteristic species, densely sculptured with spiral crenulated ribs, mottled throughout with black and fulvous-rust, the apex being of a yellowish tinge. Species 31. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita scalpta. Ner. testd globosd, solidiusciild, spird mbexsertd, anfractibtis lavibus, lineis impressis subdis- tnniibns spiraliter incisis, labro intus lirato, columelld granulatd, margine teniie denlatd ; nigra, lineis im- pressis albidis, area columellari pallidissime lutes- rente. TuK SCEATCHED Nerite. Shell globose, rather solid, spire somewhat exserted, whorls smooth, spirally en- graved with rather distant impressed lines, lip ridged within, columella granulated, finely toothed at the edge ; black, impressed lines whitish, coluraellar area faintly yellowish. I[„l,, ? .\ coal-black shell, well distinguished by its rather dis- iant impressed whitish lines. Species 33. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) .Vf.rita chloeostoma. Ner. testa subtrigono-globosd, crassiusculd, spird concavo-impressd, anfractibus for- titer spiraliter costatis, costis rotundatis, interstitiis excavatis, interdum lira parvd intercurrente, labro in- tus fortiter lirato, columelld concavd, profuse granu- latd, margine tenue bidentatd ; fulm-alhidd, coslis nigro tessellatis, ared columellari lufescente. The yellow-modtu Nerite. Shell somewhat trian- gularly globose, rather thick, spire concavely im- pressed, whorls strongly spirally ribbed, ribs rounded, interstices excavated, sometimes with a small ridge running between, lip strongly ridged within, colu- mella concave, profusely granuled, finely two-toothed at the edge ; fulvous-white, ribs tessellated with white, columellar area yellowish. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 603. Ilab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Distinguished by the roundness of the ribs and hollowed interstices, and by the thickly-set granules of the columella. Species 33. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita Geayana. Ner. testa ocato-globosd, spird snh- exserld, anfractibus subangustis, spiraliter finiinilato- liratis, liris suhtiliter crenulatis, labro intus subcre- nulato, colmnelld tenue corrugatd, margine denticu- latd; cinereo-grised, liris nigricantibus hie illic albi- punctatis. Gray's Nerite. Shell ovately globose, spire a little ex- serted, whorls rather naiTow, spirally corded with ridges, ridges finely crenulated, lip faintly crenulated within, columella finely wrinkled, finely toothed at the ridge ; ash-grey, ridges black, here and there white-dotted. Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1843, p. 200. Hub. Province of Ilocos, Island of Luzon, Philippines ; A dark grey species, spirally sculptured with black cord-like ridges articulated here and there with white dots. Species 34. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita haustkum. Ner. testd ovato-globosd, spird vix e.vsertd, anfractibus lemter liueari-sulcatis, labro intus lirato, colunielld concavo-planatd, margine obsolete denticulatd ; olivaceo-nigrd, lutescente-aJbo hie illic iuterruptd, columelld pallidissime roseo-tiucid. The scoop Nerite. Shell ovately globose, spire scarcely exserted, whorls faintly linearly grooved, lip in- wardly ridged, coliuuella concavely flattened, obso- letely toothed at the edge; olive-black, here and there interrupted with yeUowish-whitc, columella faintly tinged with rose. Hab. Eed Sea. Distinguished by a rather contracted hollowed aperture, the outer surface of the shell being olive-black, opening out here and there on a yellowish-white ground. AuKUst, 1855. .yaila. PI. Yin. 0 M m ^Sm NERITA. Plate YIII. Species 35. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita Senegalensis. Ner. iesfd semiglobosd, solidiiis- culd, spird stihexsertd, anfractibtm spiraliter Uneari- sulcaiis, suhcompresso-expanm, lahro inb(s leviter Vi- rato, columelldplano-excavatd, ijrmmlatd et Indent atd ; olivaced, interdmn faiciatd et varieijald, area columel- lari medio aurantio tinetd. The Senegal Nekite. Shell semiglobose, rather solid, spire a little exserted, whorls spirally linearly grooved, rather compressly expanded, lip faintly ridged with- in, colnmella flatly exeavated, granulated and two- toothed ; olive, sometimes banded and variegated, columellar area orange-stained in the middle. (iMELix, Syst. Nat. p. 3686. Hab. Senegal. This shell, distinguished among other characters by a granulated orange stain on the columellar area, is not N. alrata, as indicated by !M. Deshayes, but N. Seneguleum of Gmelin, and Le Bunar of Adauson. Species 36. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) NEraTA Listeki. Ner. tedd semiglobosd, spird siihex- serld, anfractibus spiraliter liratis et costatis, aper- tvrd mtblate expansd, labro iutii-s incrassato, teiiue cre- nulato, columelld plano-excavatd, bidentatd ; intense crtruleo-nigrd, costis punctis parvis albis Iiic illic no- tatis. Lister's Nerite. Shell semiglobose, spire rather ex- serted, whorls spirally grooved and ribbed, aperture rather broadly expanded, lip thickened inwardly, finely crenulated, columella flatly excavated, two- toothed ; deep blue-black, ribs here and there marked with small white dots. Eecluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 277. Bab. West Indies. A shilling bhie-black ribbed shell, sprinkled in a ver\' characteristic manner on the ribs with a few white dots. Species 37. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita Savieana. Ner. testd globosd, crassissimd, spird c'xsertd, anfractibus convexis, latiusculis, spiraliter ele- vaio-striatis et liratis, labro intns valde incrassato, dvntato et crenulato, columelld tumidimculd, granato- corrugatd, et dentatd; cceruleo-Higrd, interdnm fulvo obscure variegatd, intusfluvicante. The Saviean Nerite. Shell globose, very thick, spire exserted, whorls convex, rather broad, spirally cle- vately striated and ridged, lip inwardly much thick- ened, toothed and crenulated, columella somewhat swollen, grauulately wrinkled and toothed ; blue- black, sometimes faintly ftdvous-varicgated, interior yellowish. Eecluz, MS. Mus. Cuming. Hah. New Ireland. A swollen and very solid globular shell, grain-wrinkled across the columellar area. Species 38. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita ateo-pdrpueea. Ner. testd trigouo-semiglobosd, spird minutd, plano-impres-id, anfractibus attgustis, ad spiram compressis, ad aperturam late expansis, spira- liter dense costatis et liratis, labro incrassato et late effiiso, columelld plana, medio granatd, dentatd, su- perne sinuatd ; atro-purpured, purpurascente-albo un- dulatd, aperturdfulvd. The dark purple Nekite. Shell angularly semiglo- bose, spire very small, flatly impressed, whorls nar- row, compressed at the spire, broadly expanded at the aperture, spirally densely ribbed and ridged, lip thickened and broadly effused, columella fiat, gra- mded in the middle, toothed, sinuated at the upper part ; dark purple, waved with purple-white, aper- ture fulvous. Eecluz, Eev. Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, ISll, p. 107. Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines ; Cuming. A very characteristic pinched shell, stained with intense purple, broken up over the spire into pale wave streaks. Species 39. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita bisecta. Ner. testa snbglobosd, snbexpansn, spird non exsertd, anfractibus convexis, spiraliter costatis, costis regularibus, subdistantibus, sulco undique bi- sectis, labro intus effuso, minute crenulato, columelld pland, vix denticulatd ; caruleo-nigrd, area colutnel- lari vitellind, nitente. The divided Nerite. Shell subglobose, rather ex- panded, spu-e not exserted, whorls convex, spirally ribbed, ribs regular, rather distant, divided through- out by a groove, lip effused within, minutely crenu- lated, columella fiat, scarcely toothed ; blue-black, columellar area yelk-yellow, shining. Hab. West Africa ; Fraser. Curiously spirally sculptured with a regular series of ribs, each of which is divided by a linear groove. The columellar area is of a shining yelk-yellow. August, 1855. # -^. ■A i Xrrila n.a "Sm^^ ^A <■:>■ IrJi '■'incent Brooks Imp NERITA. Plate IX. Species 40. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming.) Xeiuta gemml'lata. Ner. testa ovato-semiglobosd, teinii- culd, spird subexsertd, apice mucronatd, anfractibus convexis, spiraliter Ihieari-Urntis, Uris creuidato-gi'M- matis, coliwielld piano - excavatd, margiiif iiitegro ; griseo-albidd, Uris c A solid shell, stained with pale bright red or sprinkled with pinkish dots, having somewhat the appearance of a LUtoriiia. Fig. 55. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured proves to be an immature speci- men of N. bi-secia, described at Plate VIII. Sp. 39, but it is important to note that the ribs are more prominently developed and more distinctly bisected. Species 5G. (Fig. a, b, c, d, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita versicolor. Ner. testd ovato-globom, crassd, ■ipird subexsertd, anfractibits superne declivi-depressis, deinde cotivexk, spiraliter costatis, interstitiis inter- dum sitperficiariis, interdum excavatis, colunielld tu- midd et corrugatd, fortiter dentatd; albidd, macdk nigrk et rosek plus mimis fasciatd et tessellatd, hiter- diim oinnino interrnpte grkm-nigrd. The vaki-coloured Nerite. Shell ovately globose, thick, spire rather exserted, whorls slantingly de- pressed round the upper part, then convex, spirally ribbed, interstices sometimes superficial, sometime.-; excavated, columella swollen and wrinkled, strongly toothed ; whitish, more or less banded and tessel- lated with black and pink spots, ^sometimes alto- gether interrupted grey-black. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vii. p. 006. Hub. West Indies. This species varies in being more banded with piiik spots than in the specimens here represented. Species 57. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita Bernharui. JSier. testd seiuiglobosd, subdepres-id, spird obtuse planatd, anfractibus couvexk, subcuin- pressk, versus aperturam expansk, spiraliter dense lirntis, liris obscure cremdatis, labro efftiso, forlitrr crenato et dentato, columelld plano-excavoM, grunu- latd, vix denticnlatd ; nigra, virescente aut pimclix httescentibus variegatd. Bernhard's Nerite. Shell semiglobose, rather de- pressed, spire obtusely flattened, whorls convex, sub- compressed, expanded towards the aperture, spirally closely ridged, ridges obscurely crenulated, lip i-l- fused, strongly crenated and toothed, columella flatly excavated, granulated, scarcely toothed ; black, varie- gated with pale green, or yellowish dots. Recluz, Petit, Journ. Conch, vol. i. p. 385. Hai. Peru. A small depressly globose shell, with expanded aper- ture and granulated columella, strongly toothed williiii the lip. August, 1855. 0 ^) Xmia .ri.m. w Y;ncerit &ooks iTnp N E R I T A. Species 58. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuiniu;;.) Nr.RiTA Orbignyana. Ner. testa ohlongo-ovaid, spird obtuse plmiatd, anfractibim siibangustis, concentrice striatis, labro tenuiculo, cojumclld pla)in-oxcavatd, medio obsolete corrngatd; semiiiiAliinitft-iilhd, pnnclis ctBruleo-nigris, in strigis aciile uiiiiulix, ujiuco-nlljo margiiiatis, dispositis, promiscite iiota/d. Orisigny's Neeite. Shell oblong-ovate, spire obtusely flattened, whorls rather narrow, concentrically stri- ated, lip rather thin, columella flatly excavated, ob- soletely wrinkled in the middle ; semitransparent- white, promiscuously marked with blue-black dots, disposed in zigzag waves, edged with opake-white. Recluz, Ecvue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 18-11, p. 108. Ifab. ? A shell of rather light and narrow structure, marked with characteristic zigzag waves of opakc-white, promis- cuously charged with blue-black dots. Species 59. (Tig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita Nov.E-GuiNEiE. Ner. testa semiglobosd, de- pix'ssa, spird parum exsertd, mucronatd, anfractibus convexis, versus aperturaw, expansis, spiraliter confcr- tim Jiloso-liratis, columella late corrugatd, dentatd ; caruleo-niyrd, Urarum interstitiis pallidioribus. The New Guinea Neeite. Shell semiglobose, depressed, spire but little exserted, pointed, whorls convex, ex- panded towards the aperture, spirally closely thread- ribbed, columella broadly wi-inkled, toothed; blue- black, interstices between the ridges lighter. Lesson, Petit, Journ. Conch, vol. i. p. 383. Hnb. New Guinea. Of a dark unspotted blue-black colour, encircled with regular thread-like ridges. Species CO. (Fig. a, //, c, d, Mus. Cuming.) Neeita STELLA. Ner. testa subglobosd, crassd, spird pa- rmn e.vsertd, obtusd, anfractibus convexis, .spiraliter costatis, costis irregiilnriliKs, intcrduui obtuse angiilatis, labro inlits fnrtiler rreiiain, a,Im,,vlld .jra.iulata, ,M- UHte ob.solele de,tl„;,l,ild ■ alhnld, nifo id cireseeiite variegatd, olivaceo-nigro radiatd et reticulata. The STAR Neeite. Shell subglobose, thick, spire but little exserted, obtuse, whorls convex, spirally ribbed, ribs irregular, sometimes obtusely angled, lip strongly crenated within, columella granulated, minutely ob- soletely toothed ; whitish, variegated with green and red, rayed and reticulated with olive-black. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. pi. 197. f. 1907, 1908. Ilab. Philippines. A beautifully painted species, named after the star-like pattern which is sometimes formed on the spire by the dark radiating blotches. Species Gl. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Neeita albipunctata. Ner. testa ovato-semiglobosd, spird .mbexsertd, obtusd, anfractibus augmtis, superne concavo-depre.ms, spiraliter liratis, liris rude crenu- latis, iuters/i/iis piiiicldlis. cohi„i(dld pinno-excavatd, spar.um (jnuiiihild. olimdrle hiiniilissiiiie deuticulatd ; crcruleo-iiigrd, Ururuni iiilerstilds albipnitctutis. The white-pun ctueed Neeite. SheD ovately semi- globose, spire rather exserted, obtuse, whorls narrow, concavely depressed at the upper part, spirally ridged, ridges rudely crenulated, interstices punctured, colu- mella flatly excavated, sparingly granidated, obso- letely very minutely toothed ; blue-black, interstices between the ridges white dotted. Unb. ? A dark blue-black spirally ridged shell, marked be- tween the ridges with white-eroded punctures. August, 1855. Nmta.PI. UV. -•c^- 0 YmcCTt Brooks Tmp lly id «. lit NERITA. Plate XIV. Species 62. (Fig. a to /■, Mus. Cuming.) Neuita Rumphii. Ner. testa oblongo-globosd, crasdus- culli, politd, spird oltiise impressd, aiifmctibus siihan- gristis, convexis, concentrice striatis, labro intus in- crassato, vix cremdato, columella concavo-pland, in- terdmn paucis gramdis, minute denticulatd, dentibus interdmn obsoletis ; colore varid. lluMPHius' Nerite. Shell oblong-globose, rather thick, polished, spii'e obtusely impressed, whorls rather narrow, convex, concentrically striated, lip thickened inwardly, scarcely crenulated, columella concavely flattened, sometimes with a few granules, minutely toothed, teeth sometimes obsolete ; colour various. Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, 1841, p. 147. Neriia poUta pars, Chemnitz. Hah. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. So extremely variable is this species in its painting, that it has been thought necessary to devote a plate to a selec- tion of its most characteristic states. Fig. a, a uniform bright orange ; fig. i, ivory-white, with a broad band of interrupted dark ash-black blotches ; fig. c, encircled with three rose bands upon a greyish-white ground, sprinkled with minute black and white dots ; fig. d, sprinkled with Ijlack white-splashed dots upon an olive-grey ground ; fig. (', encircled with four bright orange bands, sprinkled with black dots upon a bright green ground ; fig./i clouded with crimson bauds and blotches upon a dark oliv^-gi-ey ground, freckled in the interstices with black dots, here and there splashed with white; fig. ^, grey and white, freckled with broad interrupted bands of light orange- fawn blotches ; fig. h, flesh-pink, encircled with yeUowish- white stripes ; fig. /', dark grey, freckled with black and white-splashed dots, encircled round the middle with a light band ; fig. k, regularly encircled with broad equal clearly defined l)ands of black and white. AuOTst, 1855. Xrrilu.l'L XW '-'J -■■-# ^ ^^^**1*^ owlv Id d \A V;yi>.e:it. Srooks Imp NERITA. Plate XV. Species 63. (Fig. a to/, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita sauAMULATA. Nat. tedd mborbicnlari, late dc- pressd, spird obtiixe pJatiatd, avfractihiis convexis, ver- sm aperturam lafi expands, dense spiraliter liratd, liris irregnlarihus, plus mimis squamulatis, labro am- pliter effiiso, iritus crenato, colnmelld concavd, medio tenue granulatd, minute denticulatd; colore varid. The SCALY Nekite. Shell suborbicular, broadly de- pressed, spire obtusely flattened, whorls convex, broadly expanded towards the aperture, densely spi- rally ridged, ridges in-egular, more or less scaly, lip largely eff'used, crenated within, columella concave, finely granulated in the middle, miiuitely toothed ; colour various. l^E GriLLOU, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvicrienne. Hah. Philippine Islands and Singapore ; Cuming. An interesting species, well characterized by its broadly eft'used aperture and pinched spire, and scaly sculpture. In colour it is almost as variable as the species of the pre- ceding plate. Fig. a, a bright uniform crimson-orange ; fig. i, c, an orange-yellow, broadly splashed and wave- clouded with black ; fig. d, e, opakc-white, very delicately obliquely wave-sprinkled with minute grey dots; fig./, pink, with the ridges conspicuously picked out in white, encircled with three bands of open black network. Species 64. (Fig. a to d, Mus. Cuming.) Nekita albicilla. Ner. testa subtrigono-ovatd, depres- sissimd, spird obtuse pland, fere obsoktd, anfractibus angustis, versus aperturam- gradathn expansis, spira- liter costatis, costis confertis, plus minus obtusis, in- terdum obsoletis, labro late effuso, ititus multo incras- sato, vix erenulato, ared colnmellari ampld, undique granulatd, mimitissime denticulatd ; colore varid. The ox-palate Nekite. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, very depressed, spire obtusely flattened, almost obsolete, whorls narrow, gradually expanded towards the aperture, spirally ribbed, ribs close-set, more or less obtuse, and sometimes obsolete, Up broadly ef- fused, much thickened inwardly, scarcely erenidated, columellar area large, granulated throughout, very minutely toothed ; colour various. LiNNiEUs, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.) p. 778. Ilah. Philippine Islands and Mauritius ; Cuming. This species is well distinguished from all others by its very depressed oblong-ovate form, and narrow pinched spire, the columellar area being unusually large and pro- fusely granulated. In colour it is extremely variable ; fig. a, d, a dark purple-black, freckled and clouded with greyish-white ; fig. b, c, a brilliant crimson-orange, banded with a light sprinkling of irregular grey-black dots. August, 1855. .V< /•//./ .PI.MJ. 0 ^'^f^'^^i^ * ■^m^ Vraoent Eroots Imp NERITA. Plate XYI. Species 65. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita vesillum. Ner. testa ovatd, spird suiexsertd, anfradiLiis rotundatis, jvxta siituram impressis, spi- raliter regtdariter liratis, columelld concavo-pland, acute denticulatd ; fascik latis nigris et luieis ciugii- latd, nigra luteo-pimctato. The flag Neeite. Shell ovate, spire rather exserted, whorls rounded, impressed next the suture, spirally regularly ridged, columella concavely flattened, sharply toothed; encircled with broad black and yellow bands, the black yellow-dotted. Ha/j. ? Encircled in a very characteristic niamier with broad black and yellow bands, the black bauds Ijeiug interriiptctl with yellow dots. Species 66. (Fig. a, It, Mus. Cuming.) Nerit.a NivosA. Ner. testa ovatd, spird subexsertd, an- fractibus jttxta spiram decUvi&us, deinde convexis, spi- raliter impressis et lineari-sulcaiis, siilcis valde irre- gularibtis, labro intns suhincrassato, dente miico la- terali, columelld declivi, obsolete corrugatd, denfafd ; hitense caruleo-viridi, albo sparsim nebulatd. The sxowy Neeite. Shell ovate, spire rather exsertcd, whorls slanting next the spii'e, then convex, spirally ridged and linearly grooved, grooves very irregular, lip slightly thickened inwardly, with a single lateral tooth, columella slanting, obsoletely wrinkled, toothed ; dark blue-green, sparingly clouded with white. Ilab. ? A very dark green shell, sparingly and somewhat ob- scurely clouded with white spots or small blotches. Species G7. (Fig. (?, A, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita marmorata. Ner. testa orbiculari-depressd, crassiusculd, spird obtuse impressd, anfractibus con- vexis, versus aperturam latis, irregulariter spiraliter liratis et Uneari-sulcatis, aperlnrd e.rpansd, labro ef- fuso, columelld decliri, iiitrr^'r..i i./iii/ite denticulatd; carulesceiite-albd, ccpndeo-nigro sparsim. marmorata. The marbled Nebite. Shell orbicularly depressed, rather thick, spu'e obtusely impressed, whorls con- vex, broad towards the aperture, irregularly spirally ridged, and linearly grooved, aperture expanded, lip effused, columella slanting, sometimes minutely toothed ; bluish-white, sparingly mottled with blue- black. Hab. ? A veiy characteristic broadly expanded species, with the spire impressly flattened, mottled here and there in obscure bands with blue-blaek upon a bluish-white gi'ound. Species 68. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita acuatina. Ner. testa ovatd, spird subexsertd, anfractibus angustis, convexis, versus aperturam- lati- oribus. iiiipmse lineari-sulcatis, sidcis valde irregula- rib/is. hihro iiiliis lirato, cohmdld declivi, obsolete gniiinhilti, ih'iitutd; carbonario-ttigrd, nitente, -mlcis liiwaribii-i pallidis. The agate Nerite. Shell ovate, spire slightly exserted, whorls narrow, convex, broader towards the aperture, impressly linearly grooved, grooves very inegular, lip ridged within, columella slanting, obsoletely gi-anuled, toothed ; coal-black, shining, with the linear grooves pale. Hab. ? A characteristic shining coal-black shell, encircled at very irregular intervals with pale impressed linear grooves. Species 69. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita Neritopsoides. Ner. testa ovatu-liirhinuta. spird exsertd, mncronatd, anfractibus rotundatis, con- spicue dense spiraliter liratis, labro intiis iiicrussuto, minute crenulato, dente minute laterali, columelld tu- midiusculd, oblique corrugatd, fortiter dentatd; pallide stramincd. The Neritopsis-like Nerite. Shell ovately turbinated, spire exserted, pointed, whorls rounded, conspicu- ously closely spirally ridged, lip thickened within, minutely crenulated, with a minute lateral tooth, co- lumella rather swollen, obliquely wrinkled, strongly toothed ; pale straw-colour. Hab. ? A solid turbinated species, very closely spii-ally ridged, of a pale straw-colour, reminding one somewhat of a Neri- topsis. yvTiia.ri.m. ^■'^%-BS^ Vmoffll Broob imp NERITA. Plate XVII. Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.) Neeita electrina. Ner. fedd suborhicidari, (Jt']iremi!, spird siibexsertd, uucronaid, anfracfibiin coiiccxis, deiiii: spiraliter liratis, interstitvis obsolete pvnduratis, colu- melld temie clenticnlatd ; lutesceHte-aurmitia, imma- culatd. The amber Nekite. Shell suborbicular, depressed, spire slightly exserted, pointed, whorls couvex, densely spirally ridged, interstices obsoletely punctured, co- lumella finely toothed ; yellowish-orange, unspotted. Hab. Isle of Panay, Philippines ; Cuming. A delicate clear orange-yellow shell, closely spirally ridged throughout, the interstices between the ridges being obsoletely punctured. Species 71. (Pig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita Dombeyi. Ner. testa suborbieulari, spird obfnsii planatd, arifractibus angustis, deinde laiioribns, dense spiraliter liratis, liris Unearibus, valde irregnlarihus, apertitrd effusd, colmnelld concavo-excavatd, medio grannlatd, edentidatd ; ccerulescenfe-plmnbed. Dombey's Nerite. Shell somewhat orbicular, spire ob- tusely flattened, whorls narrow, then broader, densely spirally ridged, ridges linear, very in-egular, aperture effused, columella concavely excavated, granulated in the middle, edentulate ; bluish lead-colour. Kecluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1841, p. 1 1'J. Hab. Bombay. A dull slate-coloured species, witli a rather broad ef- fused aperture, having the columellar area gently excavated and granulated in the middle. Species 72. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita co>rMA-NOTATA. Ner. testa ovatd, spird obtuse exsertd, aiij'ractibns subaiigustis, superiie declicibi/s, spiraliter dense liratis et sidcatis, colnmelld lievigatd, leviter denticulatd ; Cferuleo-nigrd, punctis albis coin- maformibus aspersd. The comma-marked Nerite. Shell ovate, spire ob- tusely exserted, whorls rather narrow, slanting at the upper part, spirally closely ridged and grooved, colu- mella smooth, slightly toothed ; blue-black, spriukled witli white comma-shaped marks. Hab. ? An extremely characteristic species, of dark bkie-black colour, sprinkled throughout with opake-white comma- shaped dots. Species 73. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita Spexgleriana. Ner. testa orbicidari-ovutd, crassiiiscidd, spird siibexsertd, mticronatd, anfractibns cotirexis, spiraliter obsolete liratis, decitssatim striatis, aperiv.rd efj'usd, colmnelld callosd, edentidatd ; liites- cente-albd, nigro ititerrupte fasciatd. Spexgler's Nerite. Shell orbicularly ovate, rather thick, spire slightly exserted, pointed, whorls convex, spirally obsoletely ridged, decussately striated, aper- ture effused, columella callous, edentulate ; yellowish- white, interruptedly banded with black. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 301. Hab. Isle of Panay, Philippines (under stones at low water); Cuming. Nearly smooth, with a callous effused eiientulate aper- ture, stained in a very interrupted manner with a smeary black band. Species 74. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerit.a Georgina. Ner. iestd ovatd, depressiusmdd, spird plimo-iiiipressd, pand, miicronatd, avfractibus suban- giistis, .Hpiralilcr coxlnlix, co.sl/s tenidbus, subdistanti- biis, iiiter.di/ii'< >:lriis cinicnilricis dense cancellatis, area cohiiiiclhiri iii,iplii, hrrigidd, edentidatd ; sordide rosc'o-lutesvente, nigro tessellatd. The George Nerite. Shell ovate, rather depressed, spire flatly impressed, small, pointed, whorls rather narrow, spirally ribbed, ribs thin, rather distant, in- terstices densely cancellated with concentric striae, co- lumellar area large, smooth, edentulate ; dull pinkish- yellow, tessellated with black. Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1841, p. 180. llab. King George's Island. A light rather depressed shell, sculptured with thin rather distant ribs, having the interstices densely latticed witli crossed stria;. NEKITA.— Plate XVII, Species 75. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cumiug.) Nerita eingens. Ner. testa glohosd, parvd, solidd, spird leviter exsei'td, anfractibus rotundatis, spiraliter regu- lariter cosiatis, labro et columella fortudnie denta- tis, area columellari tumidd et corrugatd ; intense plumbed. The grinning Nerite. Shell globose, small, solid, spire slightly exserted, whorls rouuded, spii-ally regularly ribbed, lip and columella very strongly toothed, co- lumeUar area swoUeu and wrinkled ; dark lead- colour. Tlab. ? A small globose pea-Uke shell, distinguished by the strongly developed teeth of the lip and columella. Smid ,P{.JU1I. # Zc-.-.'vssj del el lith NERITA, Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.) Nerit.\ BiiLLULA. Ner. testa, ovatd, spird obtiisd, vtj- exsertd, anfmctibns suhangttstU, lavibus vel spiraUter striafis, columella excmato-pland, subnngiistd, tcnnis- sime obsolete dentieulatd ; carbonario-nigrd. The bubble Nekite. Shell ovate, spire obtuse, scarcely exserted, whorls rather narrow, smooth or spirally striated, columella excavately flattened, rather nar- row, finely obsoletely toothed ; coal-black. Hah. ? .\ small .shining black species, with the whorls rather nan'ow, and the spire slightly slantingly exserted. Species 77. (Fig- ", 4, Mns. Cuming.) Nekita genuana. Ner. testa orbiculari-ovatd, icpres- siusciiJu, spird impresso-pland, anfractiius subangustis, versus aperturam lat'wribus, spiraliter temdliratis, labro iiitus fortiter crenato, columelld declim-excavatu, profuse grawulatd, edentulatd; intense nigra, soiiis duabits latis luleis atd roseis ciugulatd. The gartered Nerite. Shell orbicidarly ovate, rather depressed, spire impressly flattened, whorls rather narrow, broader towards the aperture, spirally finely ridged, lip strongly crenated within, columella slant- ingly excavated, profusely granuled, edentulatc ; in- tense black, encircled with broad reddish or yellow bands. Ilah. ? A jet-black species, encircled below and around the suture with a very characteristic broad yellow or rose liand. Species 7S. (Fig. a, b, iMus. Cuming.) Nerita aknulata. Ner. testa suborbicidari, depressiiis- ciild, crassd, spird leviter exsertd, mncronatd, anfrac- tibus superiie depressis, deinde obsolete aiigulatis, con- vexis, spirdlilur annul ato-costatis, aperturd expansd, labro effum, in/us crciiiilato, columelld superne obscure corngatd, snbdeatatd ; nigra, punctis paucis luteis variegatd, inferne fasciis duaJms albis latis cinctd. The ringed Nebite. Shell somewhat orbicular, rather depressed, thick, spire slightly exserted, pointed. whorls depressed at the upper part, then obsoletely angled, convex, spirally annulately ribbed, aperture expanded, lip effused, crenulated within, columella obscurely wrinkled at the upper part, faintly toothed ; black, variegated with a few yellow dots, encircled round the upper part with two broad white bands. TTab. •? A soliil orbicularly expanded shell, encircled throughout with ring-like ribs. Species 79. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita granolata. Ner. testd depresso-globosd, solidi- uscnhl, spird plam-impressd, anfractibus spiraliter li- ratis, aperturd expansd, labro intus crenato, columelld ■profuse grauiilatd; caruleo-nigrd, columelld pallidis- sime anruntio-tinctd. The granulated Nekite. Shell depressly globose, rather solid, spire flatly impressed, whorls spirally ridged, aperture expanded, lip crenulated within, co- lumella profusely grandated; blue-black, columella fiiintly tinged with orange. IM. ? An orbicularly solid blue-black shell, distinguished in having the columellar area more than usually grauidated. Species 80. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita Helicinoides. Ner. testd omto-turbinatd, spird siibainpld, exsertd, anfractibus juxta spiram depres- sinsculis, rotundatis, subangustis, versus aperturam contractis, spiraliter tenuicostatis, aperturd parvd, labro (ffuso, columelld declivi, obscure dentieulatd; lu- tescenle, waculis nigris et roseis alternatim fasciatd. The Helicina-like Nerite. Shell ovately turbinated, spire rather large, exserted, whorls somewhat de- pressed next the spire, rounded, rather narrow, con- tracted, spirally finely ribbed towards the aperture, aperture small, lip ett'used, columella slanting, ob- scurely toothed ; yellowish, encircled with alternate bands of black and red spots. llah. ? Of a peculiar contracted ovately turbinated form, be- '■einracd with alternate bands of black spots and rose August, 185 NEKITA.— Plate XVIII. spots, reminding one of the IleVwl cherrinw. Tanliervilii or 2>"l- !:?pecies 81. (Mus. Cuming.) Nerita affinis. Ner. tesid ovato-turl'maid, spim valdi exiertd, anfractibus siiperne coucavis, deinde rotun- datis, mhangudk, versus aperturam contractu, spira- liter subobsolete liratis, aperturd parvd, columella de- clivi, edentulatd ; grheo-albd, candeo-nigro obscure drigatd. The allied Nekite. Sliell ovately turbinated, spire much exserted, whorls concave round the upper part, then rounded, rather narrow, contracted to- wards the aperture, spirally rather obsoletely ridged, aperture small, columella slanting, edentulate ; grey- ish-white, faintly streaked with blue-black. IM. •? Of the same peculiar contracted turbinated type as the preceding species, fiiiutly ridged, and grey-mottled. jcrita.n. m. J^^ w ^ .F A'mcen'.. ixodks Imp NERITA. Species 82. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita Yoldii. Ner. testa, sendglobom, depresdusadd, cTMsd, spird obtuse pland, anfractibiis juxta splrani deelivibus, obtuse obscure liratis, apertiird expansd, labro effuso, intus incrassato, columella obsolete corru- ffutd et granulatd, minute denticulatd ; nigra, macuUs flammisqtie angulato-flexnosis notatd. YoLDi's Nerite. Shell semiglobose, rather depressed, thick, spire obtusely flattened, whorls slanting next the spire, obtusely faintly ridged, aperture expanded, lip effused, thickened within, columeUa obsoletely wrinkled and granulated, minutely toothed ; black, marked with zigzag spots and flames. Recluz, Revue Zool. Soc. Cuvierienue, 1841, p. 1.51. Hab. Red Sea. A thickened obtusely expanded species, distinguished !)y a characteristic zigzag style of marking on an intensely Species 83. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nekita pellis-sekpentis. Ner. testa ovato-tarhhiatd, spird exsertd, rmicronatd, anfractibus rotundatis, uii- dique dense liratis, aperturd pared, columelld obscure dentatd ; albidd, pnnctis ntfis dense promiscue tessel- lata. The snake-skin Nerite. Shell ovately turbinated, spire cxserted, pointed, whorls rounded, closely ridged throughout, apertm-e small, columella ob- scurely toothed ; whitish, thickly promiscuously tes- sellated with red dots. Hab. ? A small contractedly turbinated species, densely pro- miscuously tessellated with red dots. spiraUtcr liiieari-lira/is, angustis, gradatim latioribus, aperturd niiiiililrr i-.i-pmisd, columelld plano-excavatd, medio graniiliifo-c(irriig(itd, edentuld ; purpurascente- rosed, lineis fasciisque nigris albipunctatis cingulatd, columelld dilute aurantid, rugis nigrescentibus. The open Nerite. Shell depressly semiglobose, more or less hlated, spire minute, impressed, whorls spi- rally linearly ridged, naiTow, gradually broader, aper- ture largely expanded, columella flatly excavated, granularly wrinkled in the middle, edentulate; pur- ple-rose, encircled with black lines and bands white- dotted, columella faintly tinged with orauge, wrinkles black. Recluz, Eevue Zool. Soc. Cuvierieune, 1841, p. 148. Uub. Dumaguete, Island of Negros, Philippines; Cuming. \. Light CVe/)/V«/a-shaped species, prettily painted with white-dotted lines and bands upon a purple-rose gi-ound. Species 84. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) Nerita patula. Ner. testa depresso-semiglobosd, plus minus dilatatd, spird minutd, impressd, anfractibus Species 85. (Fig. a, b, c, d, JIus. Cuming.) Nerita Beaniana. Ner. testa depresso-ovatd, spird im- presso-planatd, anfractibus augusiis, lavibus vel spira- liter lineari-liratis, aperturd expansd, columelld con- cavo-excavatd, tenue corrugatd ; cmruleo-'nigrd,fasciis roseis punctisque albis cingulatd, interdunt lineis albis, rugis colmnellaribus nigrescentibus. Bean's Nerite. Shell depressly ovate, spire impressly flattened, whorls narrow, smooth or spirally linearly ridged, aperture expanded, columella concavely ex- cavated, finely wrinkled ; blue-black, sometimes en- circled with rose bands and white dots, sometimes with white lines, columellar wrinkles black. Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 200. Hab. Island of Comgidor, Philippines (under stones at low water) ; Cuming. Allied to the preceding species, but narrower, and with the aperture less dilated. The fine black wrinkles on the columellar area are particularly characteristic. August, 1835. N E II T T \ ncliatina, Reeve . nffiiiis. Reeve . . . all)icilla, Linnmus albipuiictata, Ree-i annulata, Reeve . aiitiquata, Recluz Arabioa, Reeve . . Argils, Recluz . . Asceiisionis, Chemnit. aterrima, Gnielin atramentosa, Reeve atrata, Ckemnitz . . atro-piirpurea, Recluz aurantia, Recluz . balteata, Reeve . . . Beaniana, Recluz . l?ernhavfli, Recluz biilens, Gmelin . . . hifasciata, Gmelin bisecta, Reeve .... bullula, Reeve .... Chemnitzii, Recluz clilorostoma, Lamarck chrysostoma, Reclu. comma-notata, Reeve costata, ClienmUz . Deshayesii, Recluz Dombeyi, Recluz . electrina, Reeve . . erubescens, Reeve . Essiiigtoni, Recluz exuvia, Liiinmis . . ej-uvia, Lamarck . tilosa, Reeve flavescem, Chemnitz fi'agum, Reeve . . . ftilgurans, Gtnelin fuliginata, Reeve. funioulata, Reeve gemmulata, Reeve geiuiaua, Reeve . Gcorgina, Recluz granulata, Reeve Grayana, Recluz grisea, Reeve . . . grossa, Liutueus . Iiniistnim, Reere . XVI. XVIII. XV. XIII. XVIII. II. V. XI. . III. III. VI. IV. VIII. XI. VI, XIX. XII. I. I. VIII. XVIII. IV. VII. IV. XVII. II. II. XVII. XVII. XIII. VI. I. III. X. I. IX. XI. XI. II. IX. XVIII. XVII. XVIII. VII. V. hiervylyjihica, ('liomiiity, I. Heliciuoides, Reeve XVI II Hindsii, Recluz VI. liistrio, LirmfPus VI. Le Guillouana, Recluz IV. lineata, CkemnUz III. Listen, Recluz VIII. Longii, Recluz .XL Malaccensis, Lamarck I. marmorata. Reeve XVI. Maura, Recluz IV. maxima, Chemnitz V. Neritinoides, Reeve V. Neritopsoides, Reeve. XVI. nigei-rima, CJmmtUz III. nii/ra, Chemnitz I. nivosa, Rveve XVI. Novae-Guinese, Lesson XIII. oleagina, Rwve X. Orbignyana, Recluz XIII. ornata, Sowerby I. oryzarum, Recluz X. patula, Recluz XIX. pellis'SeriJentis, Reeve XIX. peloronta, Linnmis II. picea, Recluz V. plexa, Chemnitz III. plicata, Llnuaus IX. polita, Lhinmis T. pra'cognita, C. B. Adams ...... VII. quadricolor, Gmelin I. riugens, Reeve XVII. Rumphii, Recluz XIV. Savieana, Recluz VIII. scalpta, Reeve VII. semirugosa, Recluz IV. Senegalensis, Chnelin VIII. signata, Macleay X. Spengleriana, Recluz XVII. squamulata, Le Guillou ... . . XV. Stella, Chemnitz .VII. tcssellata, Gmelin IX. textilis, Gmelin HI. versicolor, Lamarck .KU. vexillum, iJmv XVI. \^\A\\, Recluz MX. -^^.^-,6) I68i