Vyspteataye Aa SxS c coped Waa » Rtas 3 Greater ee hiy ary Aral see irk pares WetLE a, SAA. bag tess ee riat ese aris a Vytiy iy) Hreteachy patlayaly ' i ater if) uN st oe p be Met AGL HMR SMe ; iene. i i ity at jeteation fe Jew bageay ' weeded Saat ey Ved de } bi ALI, hepeh 3p dd nipnay Sewer oere peeet saa: CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA: OR, Division of Mollusks Sectional Library ILLUSTRATIONS SHELLS OF MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS. VOL. XII. CONTAINING MONOGRAPHS OF THE GENERA ARGONAUTA. MELANITA. PIRENA. NAUTILUS. HEMISINUS. MELANOPSIS. TEREBRA, ANCULOTUS. SCARABUS. ASPERGILLUM. MELATOMA. TRIGONTA. THRACIA. 10. MYOCHAMA. BY LOVELL AUGUSTUS REEVE, F.L.S., F.G.S., CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF WURTEMBERG, AND OF THE LYCEUM OF NATURAI HISTORY OF NEW YORK, “Ne vons bornez done pas an seul plaisir des yeux, En le connoissant plus vous en jouirez mieux.” —De Lille. LONDON: LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1860. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS A RGONAUT A. “The Ocean- Mab, the fairy of the sea.’ Byron Aryonada PLL sowanhy, del ab Lith Jinan Yirools, tiny ARGONAUTA. Puate I. Genus ARGONAUTA, Linneus. Testa navicularis, bicarinata, unilocularis, tenuis, papyra- cea, minute granulata, spird discoided, in aperturam involute immersd, alba, fusco-flavescente sepe tincta, carina versus spiram plus minus fumeo-nigricante; la- teribus radiatim rugatis, rugis vel continuis vel noda- tis, ad carinam in tuberculis plus minus conspicue mu- ricato-squamatis desinentibus. Shell ship-shaped, double-keeled, one-chambered, thin, papyraceous, minutely granulated, spire discoid, in- volutely immersed in the aperture, white, often tinged with fuscous-yellow, keel smoky-black towards the spire; sides radiately wrinkled, wrinkles either con- tinuous or noduled, terminating at the edges of the keel in more or less conspicuously prickly-scaled tu- bercles. The shells of this genus being merely the egg-cradles of a Cuttle-fish, constructed only by the female for the purposes of oviposition, great inconvenience has arisen through naming them in the absence of the animal. Up to the present century the octopod or eight-legged Cuttle, one of the Polyps of Aristotle, usually found in these shells, was thought to be a parasite. But no one had determined the question. The shell was simply called by the early conchologists Ovum Polypi and Domuncula Po- lypi. Linneus established the genus Argonauta for its reception, and it became known generally by the appella- tion of the Paper Nautilus. In 1817 some young speci- mens of the animal and shell, captured in the Gulf of Guinea by Mr. John Cranch, zoologist of the unfortunate Congo Expedition, were placed in the hands of Dr. Leach, of the British Museum. Convinced that the animal was no parasite, he described it in the ‘ Philosophical Transac- tions of the Royal Society’ of that year as a new genus, Ocythoé, and his paper was accompanied by an engraving of a specimen in six different positions. The author was, however, mistaken in supposing that the parasitic nature attributed to the animal usually found in the Paper Nau- tilus had not been disproved. The calcifying functions of the hinder pair of legs, which become modified in the fe- male into a pair of membranous webs, secreting the shell, had been well established by Cuvier in the ‘ Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles’ of Paris, thirteen years before. The observations of Dr. Leach served, however, to revive an interest in the subject, and they have been followed by a series of most interesting experiments and researches on the part of M. Rang, MM. Férussac and D’Orbigny, M. Rafinesque, Madame Power, Professor Owen, and Mr. Arthur Adams. About twenty years since I had myself above a thousand specimens of 4. Argo, many with their animals in spirits, placed in my hands by the Rey. L. B. Larking, who collected them during a temporary residence at Messina; and the specimens collected by Sir Edward Belcher and Mr. Arthur Adams during the voyage of the Samarang, afforded me further means of examination. «On our passage home across the South Atlantic,” writes Mr. Arthur Adams, “I enjoyed numerous opportunities of observing the animals of 4. 4rgo and gondola in the living state, specimens having been captured by us in large numbers by means of a trawl, as they came to the surface of the water at the decline of day in calm weather. Numbers of male Argonauts were taken by us, at the same time, without any shells; and this being the season of oviposition, may account for the females, in such a num- ber of instances, being found embracing their calcareous shell-nests.”” One of the most conspicuous features in the natural his- tory of the Argonauts is their wide geographical distribu- tion. 4. Argo appears to range within an area of forty degrees on either side of the Equator in both hemispheres. The Mediterranean and the Indian, South Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans, are all recorded as habitats under our de- scription of this species; and 4. ¢uderculosa is recorded from the Moluccas, from Tasmania, and from Brazil. Se- veral more species have been described than can, I think, on further research, be admitted. by De Férussae and De Blainville are reducible to four ; and six are the most that can even now be satisfactorily determined. The seven enumerated Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) ARGONAUTA TUBERCULOSA. Arg. testd orbiculari-invo- lutd, ventricosiusculd, lateribus convexis, rugis undique nodoso-tuberculatis ; carind lata, tuberculis prominen- tibus, subdistantibus ; auriculis contractis, interdum calloso-prolongatis. THE TUBERCLED Argonaut. Shell orbicularly involute, rather ventricose, sides convex, with the wrinkles no- dosely tubercled throughout; keel broad, with the April, 1861. ARGONAUTA.—Ptate I. tubercles prominent and rather distant; auricles con- tracted, sometimes callously prolonged. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. xi. p. 857. Argonauta Argo (pars), Linneus. Argonauta nodosa, Solander, MS, Argonauta tuberculata, Shaw. Hab. Moluceas, Tasmania, Brazil. The characters of this species are well-defined, and ex- hibit little or no variation. Whether from the Moluceas, Tasmania, or Brazil, from each of which localities Mr. Cu- ming possesses specimens,—and it may have a still wider range of habitation,—the shell is of the same elegant orbi- cularly involuted form, with the sides ventricosely convex, contracted about the auricles, of which the callous margin is sometimes sinuously prolonged. ‘The fine specimen fi- gured in our Plate, in an uncleaned state, enveloped with a filmy yellowish tissue of animal matter, is from Tas- mania. ‘ r ty) i fi i “a Fe _ 1 - 0 tr i i ry Ser a ‘ A : \ ‘ i : i r 1 : . A ‘ C ! . i , , ‘ t ' \ 1 . : " ' . ‘ 7 8 ‘ = ' i ’ 1 : i ‘ : ~ * ; P ‘ : i n ‘ ~ : . ' ry fins ' 0 y ) i = i 1 ; ft i ! : i 4 i ‘ t ' ' r j ; 7 : ' a - ‘ ( ’ ’ \ “ ery ‘ ' fl sm i t : " . Se i Bias bate Myf van. ACK GON AUT Ac Puate II, Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) ARGONAUTA ARGO. ribus modicé convexis, versus carinam anguste contrac- tis, rugis gracilibus, levibus, continuis ; carind angustd, tuberculis parvis, numerosis, approximatis ; auriculis contractis. Tue Arco Arconavt. Shell transversely involute, with the sides moderately convex, narrowly contracted to- wards the keel, wrinkles slender, smooth, continuous ; keel narrow, tubercles small, numerous, approximate ; auricles contracted. Linnzvs, Syst. Nat. (Gmel. edit.) p. 336. Cymbium maximum, Gualtierri. Argonauta maxima, De Bainville. Testa juvenis. 4rgonauta haustrum, Dillwyn. Hab. Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans. Mediterra- nean. Arg. testa transverse involutd, late- It will be seen by the foregoing synonymy that the colossal Indian Ocean Argonauta Argo, figured in the ac- companying Plate, has been described as a species distinct from the original type of smaller dimensions inhabiting the Mediterranean. But this opinion has not been gene- rally received. The truth appears to be that the animal to which this shell belongs is almost ubiquitous in its distri- bution, at least within forty degrees of either side of the Equator ; and the shell, varying in size and general out- line, retains all its specific characters in detail. The large specimen here represented was collected by Mr. Cuming, at the Philippine Islands, the specimen given in Plate [11. Fig. 2c, was taken at Venezuela, Central America, and that at Fig. 2d, at Tahiti, both of which varieties come very near indeed to the well-known Mediterranean form of the species. April, 1861. Argonauta PL HL ARGONAUTA. Prate III. Species 6. (Fig. 2 4, Mus, Cuming.) ARGONAUTA GRUNERI. rg. testa transversissimé invo- lutd, conspicué yranulatd, lateribus subventricosis, rugis tumidiusculis, cito evanidis; carind latd, medio regula- riter nodosd, marginibus viv tuberculatis ; auriculis contractis. Gruner’s ArGconaut. Shell very transversely invo- lute, conspicuously granuled, sides rather ventricose, wrinkles somewhat swollen and soon fading; keel broad, regularly nodose in the middle, edges scarcely tubercled; auricles contracted. Duyker, Nov. Conch. Second Series, p. 29. pl. 9. f. 1, 2. Hab. Marquesas. I had numbered the figure of this species 2 4, to indi- cate a variety of Argonauta Argo, but I incline to think, upon a more careful examination of several specimens in the collection of Mr. Cuming, that it is distinct. There is one very important difference between this and all the varieties of 4. Argo. Instead of the keel being narrow and smooth on the area between the tubercles, it is broad, convexly swollen, and covered throughout with moderately developed wart-like nodules. Species 2. (Fig. 2 c, Mus. Cuming.) Argonauta Argo. A trausversely involute form of the species, of which Mr. Cuming has three specimens from Venezuela. The shell has nothing to distinguish it from the Mediterranean form, of which specimens may be found involuted in an equally transverse manner. Species 2. (Fig. 2 d, Mus. Cuming.) Argonauto Argo. A more rounded form of the species, of which specimens have been received by Mr. Cuming, from Mr. W. H. Pease, of the Sandwich Islands, collected by him at Tahiti. April, 1861. . + Argenaita [1 Vincent, Brooks, [mp Sowerby; del.et hith 3d . AK G:O N AU TA. Puate IV. Species 3. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ARGONAUTA GONDOLA. Arg. testd semiorbiculart-invo- lutd, late inflata, lateribus convexis, rugis validis, ob- liquis, pauciusculis, levibus, alternis brevioribus ; ca- rind latiusculd, tuberculis amplis, distantibus ; auri- culis exterius prolongatis. THE GONDOLA ARGONAUT. Shell semiorbicularly invo- lute, broadly inflated, sides convex, wrinkles strong, oblique, rather few, smooth, the alternate ones shorter; keel rather broad, tubercles large, distant ; auricles prolonged outwardly. Diiiwyn, Desc. Cat. of Shells, vol. i. p. 335, Argonauta Kochianus, Dunker. Hab. South Atlantic Ocean; Belcher. Philippines ; Cu- ming. This largely tubercled widely gaping species is fre- quently taken for 4. hians, but the species are distinct, and this is the more gaping of the two. The auricles are sometimes expanded and twisted outwardly into lateral horns, but, as may be seen by the specimens of 4, gondola figured, no reliance can be placed on this as a specific cha- racter. In that given at Fig. 3a, the auricles are not homed at all, whilst in that given at Fig. 3 4, they are horned conspicuously. The same differences may be ob- served in specimens of 4. fuberculosa. The auricles of the Argonaut shell are the most variable part of its structure, depending, doubtless, very much in their formation and growth on the overlapping of the ten- tacles of the animal. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) ARGONAUTA HIANS. nitente-fulvd, lateribus modicé convewis, rugis tumidius- Arg. testi semiorbiculari-involuta, culis, viv undulatis, alternatim brevioribus ; carind lata, tuberculis amplis, distantibus ; auriculis simplicibus. THE Gapinc Araonaut, Shell semiorbicularly invo- lute, shining fulvous, sides moderately convex, wrin- kles rather swollen, scarcely waved, alternately shorter ; keel broad, tubercles large, distant ; auricles simple. Drutwyn, Dese. Cat. of Shells, vol. i. p. 334. Argonauta nitida, Lamarck. Argonauta raricosta, De Blainville. Ocythoé Cranchii, Leach. Hab. South Atlantic Ocean; Belcher. The wrinkles are more faintly developed in this species than in the preceding, the keel is not so broad, and the tubercles are less prominent. The shell has, moreover, a fulyous, glazy appearance, which probably suggested the name of xitida, given to it by Lamarck. animal and shell, described and figured under the name of Ocythoé Cranchii by Dr. Leach, in the ‘ Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society’ for 1817, from speci- mens collected by Mr. Cranch, in the Gulf of Guinea, is so immature in growth that it is not possible to decide with certainty whether it is the young of this or of the preceding species, The Argonaut, Species 5, (Mus. Cuming.) ArGonauta Owentl. Arg, testd semiorbiculari-involuta, nilente-fulvd, lateribus convexo-compressis, rugis pro- minentibus, undulatis, alternatim brevioribus ; carind mediocri, conspicué tuberculatis, tuberculis numerosis ; auriculis simplicibus. Owen’s Arconaur. Shell semiorbicularly involute, shining fulvous, sides convexly compressed, wrinkles prominent, waved, alternately shorter ; keel middling, conspicuously tubercled, tubercles numerous ; auricles simple, Apams and Renve, Moll, Voy. Samarang, p. 4. pl. 3. f. 2.4 to d. Hab, South Atlantic Oceau; Belcher. Australia; Strange. Moreton Bay, Philippines ; Cuming. The differences between adult specimens of this and the preceding species are not very perceptible, excepting that in 4. Owenii the sides are more flatly compressed, and the aperture is consequently less gaping. But in an earlier stage of growth, as represented by the suite of specimens figured in the ‘ Mollusca of the Voyage of the Samarang,’ it will be seen that the wrinkles are closer and more con- spicuously developed, and the tubercles in which they ter- minate on the edges of the keel are consequently stronger and more numerous. “Mr. Cuming possesses specimens in this state collected by Mr. Strange, at Moreton Bay, | Australia, and by himself at the Philippine Islands. April, 1861. aé MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS N ASU! “The Nautilus and the Ammonite Were launched in storm and strife ; Each sent to float, in its tiny boat, On the wild, wild sea of life. “© And each could swim, on the ocean’s brim, And anon, its sails could furl; And sink to sleep in the great sea deep, In a palace all of pearl.” —Richardson. U S. . Nautilus PL ' la Sowerby, del et hth Vincerit Brooks, Imp NA-OTILU 8: Puate I. Genus NAUTILUS, Aristotle. Testa discoidea, interdum umbilicata, intus margaritacea, eatus opaco-lactea, postice ferrugineo tincta et trans- versim flammata ; polythalamia, septis concavis, me- dio tubo siphonali perforatis ; anfractibus tribus, con- tiguis, spiraliter involutis, ultimo alios obtegente. Shell discoid, sometimes umbilicated, pearly within, opake cream-colour without, stained and transversely flamed posteriorly with rust-colour, many-chambered, septa concave, perforated in the middle by a siphonic tube ; whorls three, contiguous, spirally involuted, the last covering the others. Two thousand two hundred years ago, during the glo- rious reign of Alexander, when Plato was lecturing at Athens, and the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum were flourishing with the refinements of art, natural history was beginning to be studied as a science of observation by Aristotle. His area of research, so far as regarded ma- rine animals, had been restricted to the basin of the Me- diterranean, when the ambitious conqueror of Persia and India resolved to enlarge it. Alexander, we are told, wished to encourage his learned preceptor to write a His- tory of Animals; ‘and the more effectually to assist him, he supplied him with eight hundred talents, and in his Asiatic expedition employed above a thousand men to collect animals either in fishing, hunting, or hawking, that were carefully transmitted to the philosopher.” May it not have been on this occasion that Aristotle was fur- nished with the Nautilus of the southern Asiatic Islands ? With the Argonaut of the Mediterranean he must have been already acquainted; and having the animals of both before him, he describes them with an accuracy that was not surpassed, until in 1828 a Nautilus was captured in Marekini Bay, at the island of Erromango, New Hebri- des, by Mr. George Bennett, and was dissected by Pro- fessor Owen. ‘There are two kinds of Polypes (Cuttles) which are in shells,” says Aristotle in his ‘ Historia Ani- malium ;’ ‘fone has a shell (47gonauta) which is not na- turally adherent to it, it feeds very frequently near the land, and being cast by the waves on the sand, the shell slips, and it dies; but the other (Nauéilus) is in a shell in which it exists after the manner of a snail, and outwardly extends its arms.” The only discovery of aliving Nautilus during this long intervening period was made in the eigh- teenth century by Rumphius, a Dutch merchant and na- turalist resident at Amboyna. Now, thanks to the exer- tions of Mr. Bennett, of Australia, and to the anatomical labours of Professors Owen and Valenciennes, and M. Van der Hoeven, the animal is not so uncommon, and both its organization and habits are fully known. The Nautilus is the sole living representative, with a contiguously whorled shell, of the great extinct tribe of Ammonites. The animal is a Cuttle, fitting into the aper- ture of the shell; the outer portion encloses a well-deve- loped head and pair of horny mandibles, some fifty or sixty labial tentacles, and upwards of thirty brachial ten- tacles, a pair of large eyes, and a number of delivate structures, comprising organs of smelling, hearing, etc., and over all is a capacious leathery hood or lid. The lower part of the body, enclosing the viscera in connec- tion with the funnel or vent-tube, is enveloped by a man- tle which secretes the shell, and is produced at the back into a fold overlapping the black convexity of the shell. Round the circumference of the abdominal portion of the animal is a muscular girdle attached to the shell, and con- nected to it at the bottom is a flexible cord, which passes into the siphonic tube of the chambers of the shell, reach- ing throughout its entire convolution. Considerable light has been thrown on the habits and geographical distribution of the Naw#ili within the last “The N. Pom- pilius, macromphalus, and umbilicatus,” he says, “are the best-known species. The first species is the most com- mon, and has the widest range; the second species is more limited in its range, and rarer; the third, although found in collections, is scarcer than the two preceding, and has a range peculiar to itself. ‘The range of NV. Pom- pilius embraces the islands of the Eastern Archipelago, Erromango, Aneitum, and other islands of the New He- brides, and also the Feejee group. N. macromphalus is found about the Isle of Pines and New Caledonia; and the rare N. wnbilicatus in the Solomon Archipelago, New Georgia, New Britain, New Ireland, and probably to the eastward of these groups of islands.” No Nazéilus, adds that assiduous observer, has been found at the Navigator few years by Dr. Bennett, of Australia. group of islands. The animal of Nawtilus, hitherto so rare, is now found to be an article of food among the natives of the New He- brides, New Caledonia, and Feejees. Dr. Bennett relates (Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 227), that when at Erromango he observed about the fires of the natives the remains of June, 1861. NAUTILUS.—Puate I. Nautilus shells, and of horny mandibles, as if the animals had been used at a recent meal; and a lady residing at the island of Aneitum, of whom he requested a specimen of the animal, wrote: “I have been fortunate in procu- ring one so soon after I received your letter; it was cast on shore during a heavy gale, and found by one of our native servants. He was just in the act of putting it upon the fire for a meal, when one of the native girls from the Isle of Pines, knowing the value we set on them, stopped him. This will be an answer to your inquiry. The natives sometimes take them in their fish-falls, in from three to five fathoms water; the bait they use is the Sea-egg (Hchinus). They are very fond of them. In some of the islands they make a kind of soup of them. These animals are very plentiful at Ware, an island about thirty miles from New Caledonia; and I have noticed at that place some difference in the shell” (NV. macromphalus being found about that coast) “from the one we have at this place. I am acquainted with a person who was wrecked at that island, and used to have them curried fre- quently : he says they taste like whelks when roasted. I once saw one floating past our residence near the beach at the Isle of Pines.” A further communication from Dr. Macdonald, who vi- sited the western Polynesian islands in H.M.S. ‘ Herald,’ is also curiously illustrative of a mollusk, the history of which has so long remained in obscurity. ‘The Feejeans esteem the Pearly Nautilus highly as an agreeable viand, and their mode of capturing it, for the embers or for the pot, is not a little interesting. When the water is smooth, so that the bottom at several fathoms of depth, near the border of the reef, may be distinctly seen, the fisherman in his little frail canoe serutinizes the sands and the coral masses below to discover the animal in its favourite haunts. The experienced eye of the native may probably encounter it in its usual position, clinging to some prominent ledge, with the shell turned downwards, and preparations are accordingly made for its capture. The tackle consists, first, of a large round wicker-work basket, shaped very much like a cage rat-trap, having an opening above, with a cirelet of points directed inwards, so as to permit of en- try, but preclude escape; secondly, a rough piece of na- tive rope of sufficient length to reach the bottom; and, thirdly, a small piece of branched wood, with the branches sharpened to form a sort of grapnel, to which a perforated stone is attached, answering the purpose of a sinker. The basket is now weighted with stones, well baited with boiled cray-fish (Palinurus), suggested no doubt by the large quantity of the fragments of Crustacea usually to be found in the crop of the Nautilus, and then dropped gently down near the victim. The trap is now either closely watched, or a mark is placed upon the spot, and the fish- erman pursues his avocations on other parts of the reef, until a certain period has elapsed, when he returns, and in all probability finds the Nautilus in his cage feeding upon the bait. The grapnel is now carefully let down, and having entered the basket through the opening on top, a dexterous movement of the hand fixes one or more of the points or hooks, and the prize is safely hoisted into the canoe. Thus we observe that, although it has been a matter of doubt if the animal could be so silly as to run into the nets of the fishermen, as related by Rumphius, whose account was supposed to be exaggerated, yet it is now found that the Nawéili are in reality stupid enough to run into the well-baited baskets of the Feejeean and Aneitum fishermen.” Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) Navtitus Pompitius. Nauwt. testdé suborbiculari, levi, imperforatd, albidd, posticé transversim flavescente- ferrugineo strigatd, strigis latiusculis, distantibus. Tue Pomprtius Navutitus. Shell nearly orbicular, smooth, imperforated, whitish, posteriorly transverse- ly streaked with yellowish-rust, streaks rather broad, distant. Linnxvs, Syst. Nat. p. 1161. Nautilus ambiguus, Sowerby. Hab. Eastern Archipelago, New Hebrides, Feejees, ete. This species, the oldest, most abundant, and most widely distributed, differs from the rest in not being um- bilicated, the place of the umbilicus being overlaid with a deposit of callous pearl-matter. tiliis [7. [1 ‘au ma NACU TLL S:. Puate II. Fig. 1 6. (Mus. nostr.) Nauritus Pompruius. A section showing the cham- bered interior and siphonie tube. The Nautilus shell, it may be observed, is composed of three contiguous, ra- pidly enlarging whorls, convoluted in a discoid manner round a nucleus, which leaves an umbilical orifice per- forating the centre. In N. Pompilius the umbilicus is concealed from view when the shell arrives at maturity, by an overlaying of callous pearly matter; but in the other species it is exposed in the adult. When the shell is held before the light, the observer may clearly see through the umbilicus. The interior of the shell is par- titioned into from thirty to five-and-thirty chambers, and the partitions or septa are concave, perforated in the mid- dle by a narrow siphonic tube. What, then, are the uses of these chambers, and of this siphonic tube? The tube en- closes a ligament, the dried remains of which may often be seen in sections, especially in the small central cham- bers, passing through the entire spiral, and attached to the body of the animal. Some writers are of opinion that the septa being formed periodically, the animal slips its muscular attachment at such intervals, and lowers itself, as it were, to the distance required for the formation of another chamber by a dilation of the ligament. The im- pression of the muscular girdle may be seen in the ac- companying figure at the bottom of the outer porch of the shell, and traces of the attachment from whence it has periodically slipped are visible in the previously formed Other writers incline to the belief that the muscle of attachment grows only in front, and wastes be- hind, and is always moving forward during the period of growth, except at the intervals of the formation of the septum. The use of the chambers is also a matter of specuta- tion. One thing is certain; they can have no hydro- static function for the purpose of enabling the animal to dive into the depths of the sea or rise to its surface. They are most probably air-chambers destined to assist the specific gravity of the animal. The natural position of the Nautilus, when crawling on the bed of the ocean, at a depth, probably, of from twenty to thirty fathoms, is, as in other Cuttles, with the head downwards, the shell is accordingly uppermost, and the chambers containing ni- trogen gas serve, doubtless, to buoy it up. If the animal enlarges the growth of its shell while in this position, pe- riodically slipping its muscular belt, the shell would natu- rally have a tendency to coil in the form of a disk; and the air-chambers would increase in size to meet the in- creasing pressure of the surrounding element, arising from the animal’s increase of bulk. It should be noticed that the siphonic tubes of the last four chambers are not seeu in the specimen figured, owing to a defect in the cutting. Being cut a little obliquely, they have been carried away in the opposite half. chambers, June, 186). Nautilus Pt. [11 Sowerby, del et, Lith Vincent Brooks, Imp NAUTILUS. Puate IIT. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) NavTILus scropicuLatus. Naut. testd suborbiculari, levi, ad latera concentrice plicato-corrugatd, peram- pliter spiraliter wnbilicatd, albidd, posticé transversim Serrugineo strigatd, strigis latiusculis, subremotis. THe ExcavATeD Navurritus. Shell nearly orbicular, smooth, concentrically plicately wrinkled at the sides, very largely spirally umbilicated, whitish, posteriorly transversely streaked with rust, streaks rather broad and somewhat distant. SoLaNnpER, MS. Portland Cat. n. 3653. vol. i. p. 339. Nautilus crassus umbilicatus, Chemnitz. Hab, New Ireland. Dillwyn, Cat. It has been shown by Dr. Gould, of Boston, United States (Pro. Zool. Soc. 1857, p. 20), that under the old name, WV. umbilicatus, two species have been confounded. “In looking over the shells of a dealer in Boston, U.S. A.,” says that accomplished naturalist, “I ob- served three specimens of an umbilicated Nautilus which struck me as differing essentially from the shell commonly known as N. wmbilicatus. A more careful examination satisfied me that they were quite distinct; and I made out a comparative description of them, intending to de- signate the newly-observed one by the name ¢exturatus,, But on re- ferring to the several figures of N. wmbilicatus, 1 found that the figure of Lister, whick represents the shell origi- nally named wimbilicatus, presented all the characteristies of the reticulated shell, while all other figures represented the smooth shining shell ordinarily bearing that name. From both the descriptions and figures of authors [ am led to believe that the shell originally observed by Lister has not been recognized by conchologists since his day. Every writer except Favanne expressly speaks of his shell as smooth (Jevis, glatte), and his figure clearly refers to the common shell. On the supposition, then, that these are two distinct species, it is proper to restrict the term applied by Lister to the shell represented by him, 4nd to substitute another for the shell ordinarily named wmdzli- catus. by Solander, and adopted by Dillwyn, and which has been placed by others as a synonym, may be appropriately re- stored to this species.” The well-known WN. scrobiculatus differs from the rarer N. uwmbilicatus, the figure of which, in the next Plate, is drawn from one of Dr. Gould’s Boston dealer’s specimens, chiefly in being smooth, in being more or less plicately wrinkled concentrically, and in having the painted streaks larger, more distant, and of a paler rust-colour. , on account of its finely reticulated surface. The term scrodiculatus, indicated in manuscript June, 1861. Nautilus Pl. IV. ° J Vincent. Brooks, lrg NASU EAS; Piate IV. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) NavutiLus umpriicatus. Naut. testd suborbiculari, ven- tricosd, striis confertis spiralibus et concentricis mi- nute flecuosis, undique granoso-reticulatd, ad latera subplanulatd, perampliter spiraliter umbilicatd, mar- ginibus umbilicorum subangulatis ; albidd, rufescente- ferrugineo postice transversim strigatd, strigis suban- gustis, numerosis, confertis. THe umBiLicatepD Nautintus. Shell nearly orbicular, ventricose, granosely reticulated throughout with minutely flexuous spiral and concentric strize, rather flat at the sides, very largely spirally umbilicated, edges of the umbilicus rather angled; whitish, pos- | riorly transversely streaked with reddish-rust, streaks rather narrow, numerous, close-set. Lister, Conch. pl. 552. f. 4. Hab. Solomon Islands, New Ireland, ete. The shell here figured is that described by Dr. Gould in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1857, p. 21, as being the best of three observed by him in look- ing over the stores of a dealer in Boston, U.S. A., differing from the shell commonly known as N. wnbili- catus. Having identified it with the original N. wmbili- catus of Lister, Dr. Gould proceeds to show that it is more ventricose, that is to say, broader across than the ordinary form represented in the preceding Plate, with the sides flattened towards the umbilicus, so as to give a more angular character to the inner excavation and edges of it, whilst the surface is sculptured throughout with a minutely flexuous reticulation of granulated spiral and concentric strie. The painted streaks are, moreover, nar- rower, closer, and of a darker red rust-colour. Dr. Macdonald, of H.M.S. Herald, on his return from an expedition among the islands of Western Polynesia, remarked, in a letter to Dr. Bennett, the eminent Aus- | tralian naturalist (Pro. Zool. Soc., 1859, p. 226), “The sculpturing on NV. wmbilicatus is very distinctly marked on the external surface of the shell, differently from what is observed either in NV. Pompilius or N. macromphalus, and forming one of its distinctive characters.” June, 1861. Nautilus Pl V NAUELL US: PLATE V. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) NauTILUS STENOMPHALUS. WNaut. testd suborbiculari, levi, peranguste umbilicatd, albidd, posticé transver- sim flavescente-ferrugineo strigatd, strigis latiusculis, distantibus. THE NARROWLY UMBILICATED Navtitus. Shell nearly orbicular, smooth, very narrowly umbilicated, whitish, posteriorly transversely streaked with yellowish rust, streaks rather broad, distant. Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch. vol. i. p. 469. pl. 97. f. 3. Hab. Eastern Archipelago. I adopt this species of Mr. Sowerby, as it is very gene- rally acknowledged, but feel rather inclined to doubt whether it is anything more than a N. Pompilius, in which the deposit of callous pearly matter has been insufficient to cover the place of the umbilicus. In all other respects the species are identical. The umbilicus is of the sim- plest. kind, without any characteristic excavation, and if the pearly deposit, which is formed on either side of the involute spire, were a little more spread, it would be con- cealed from view. June, 1861. ing oa 1YLB GY i a 7 r M = i 7 cs a 7 i Lie Pid val A ef Giedhe sé nl we a) ‘ a - ) Fj 7 v vw a . i a § o@ a IUD ¢ =>: Peel oe re oe oe o v 7 - » . iF : 7 - pa ar - aan - an = , 7 - = en = - Ss 2 _ = is - zs - 7 -) = _ — Ge a - 7 o i) e - a : ae 7 : F = De a - ois. : = ie = a : my — i un 2 = i} 7 a - a 7 * . os 7 oa : 7 if . an 7 x . : iy | : - m6 UY 4 a ‘ a , A ; , te - - Hi - ‘ oe = ° os - 7 Sy a : fl eS ca - - - : i = J 7 z - - . J = 7 ae -_ at a) - : = 7 - 7 a ’ = - a - : 7 a - o i = - a0 e : : 7 7 i 4 » 7 _— ny Nautilus Pl. V7 NAUTILUS. Puate VI. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) Navutitus MacrompHatus. Naud. testé suborbiculari, levi, subampliter excavato-umbilicatd, albidd, castaneo- ferrugined, profuse transversim strigatd, strigis latius- culis. THE DEEPLY UMBILICATED Navuritus. Shell nearly or- bicular, smooth, rather largely excavately umbili- cated, whitish, profusely transversely streaked with chestnut-rust, streaks rather broad. Hab. Isle of Pines and New Caledoni¢ ; Bennett. A well-marked species, of uniformly smaller size than the rest. The umbilicus is largely excavated, but not spi- rally angulated, as in N. scrodiculatus and umbilicatus. The painted rays are invariably more numerous, and of a darker chestnut hue. Dr. Bennett mentions that a lady residing at the Isle of Pines sent him to Sydney, at his request, a fine specimen, with the animal. She informed him that the natives readily procured them by diving; and soon after sent him a second specimen, both of which he placed in the Australian Museum. June, 1861. i aan 1p | “ AS} : MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS Tate hi Be hee “Hie therefore, Robin, overcast the night ; The starry welkin cover thou anon With drooping fog as black as Acheron ; And lead these testy rivals so astray, That one come not within another's way.’ Shakspeare. Terebra PLL e] A a ia Sowerby, del et lith Vincent Brookes, Inyp TEREBRA. Prarn I: Genus TEREBRA, Bruguiére. Testa elongato-subulata, plerumgue acutissime turrita, pro- fuse colorata, sepissime dense exsculpta, ad basin sinu- ata, anfractibus angustis, numerosissimis, plano-con- vexis. Apertura parva, labro simplici, nunquam re- jlexo. Shell elongately subulate, mostly very sharply turreted, profusely coloured, and often very elaborately sculp- tured, sinuated at the base, whorls narrow, very numerous, flatly convex. Aperture small, lip simple, Operculum small, horny. Operculum parvum, corneum. never reflected. The genus Zerebra is one of those well-defined groups of mollusks that cannot easily be confounded with any other. The shell, which has always had great attractions for the collector, is of along, tapering, needle-like growth, like that of Turritedla, but it is conspicuously sinuated at the base, and has a well developed tortuous columella. Whilst Zurritella may be likened to a long drawn out Turbo, Terebra may be regarded as a similarly elongated Buccinum, and it has a more highly decorated and a more elaborately sculptured shell. The animal of Zerebra, as may be gathered from the very restricted proportions of the shell, is limited in size, the head and tentacles are small, and the entire mass, so far as it is exserted from the aperture, rarely extends beyond a tenth of the length of the shell. But although the animal is cumbered with a shell ten times the length of its exserted body, it is not of the same sluggish cha- racter as another turreted genus, Mitra. The shell of Terebra is not of such overbalancing proportions; it is not so heavily weighted in the middle as in Mitra; it is more symmetrically acuminated; the weight is chiefly at the base, and the animal obtains a facility of locomotion which enables it to move, and yet sustain its shell in a sloping or comparatively erect position. The species of the genus were ably monographed by Mr. Hinds, in 1846, but many new ones having been ac- cumulated since that period, the genus was again mono- graphed, at Mr. Cuming’s suggestion, by M. Deshayes, in 1857-9. vestigation of the genus under circumstances hardly favourable to the proper discrimination of the species. Specimens were transmitted to him in Paris, from the Cumingian collection, and his means of comparison with the types of Mr. Hinds’ species being necessarily limited, many that were already named were described by him as new, and many were described by him as new, that a more extended series of specimens would have shown to be merely varieties. Out of ninety-three new species added to M. Deshayes was induced to undertake the in- the genus on this occasion by M. Deshayes, I reject forty- one; though in doing so I find myself in a position of rivalry with a naturalist whose opinions I hold to be, of all conchologists living, the most entitled to respect. I reject also nine of Mr. Hinds’ species, as well as some of Dr. Gray’s and all of Mr. Carpenter’s and M. Lorois’. My own means of comparison have been favoured, through the liberality of my colleagues both at home and Out of 221 species cited by M. Deshayes in his recent memoir, en- titled ‘A General Review of the Genus Terebra’ (Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 270), I have before me the original types and series of types of 214. They are from the collections of Mr. Cuming, M. Deshayes, Dr. Gray, Mr. Taylor, Mr. Metcalfe, M. Crosse, and M. Lorois. Of two species, Z. tessellata, Gray, and 7. pulchra, Hinds, the types are in the British Museum. These 214 species I reduce in the manner shown in the following monograph to 149, rejecting 65 as synonyms; and | bring the number up to 155 by describing 6 as new. The 7 species of which I have not been able to obtain specimens are four abroad, in a manner more advantageous. —T eburnea, Belcheri, decussata, and subdivisa—described by Dr. Philippi in the ‘Zeitschrift, and three—TZ. di- cincta, tuberosa, and amanda—described by Hinds, of which the types are either lost or have been transferred to other species. Un-illustrated monographs, in which the species of previous authors are cited without an ac- tual comparison of the original types, are valuable aids to research; but the real test of a critical investigation of species, is to produce a drawing of the object. All the figures of this monograph are drawn from the types them- selves, and no previously described species is quoted as a synonym except as resulting from an actual comparison with the types. The Zerebre inhabit chiefly the eastern world, though many species of great interest abound on the shores of California and Central America: they are confined to tro- pical and subtropical waters. There is no Zerebra so remote from the Equator as the Mediterranean, excepting a small buccinoid species, 7. Cosentini, reported on some- what doubtful evidence to have been collected in the Bay of Naples, and one or two even smaller species, collected in about the same latitude of the southern hemisphere, at ‘Tasmania. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA NEBULOSA. er. testd acuté turritd, awrantio- rufé, albo ampliter tessellato-nebulosd, anfractibus longitudinaliter plicatis, plicis obtusis, approximatis, June, 1860. TEREBRA.— corrugato-arcuatis, transverse striato-sulcatis, sulco unico conspicuo pertuso infra suturas ; apertura elon- gato-ovatd, columella contracto-contorta. THE CLOUDED TrreBra. Shell sharply turreted, orange- red, largely tessellately clouded with white, whorls longitudinally plicated, plaits obtuse, approximated, corrugately arched, transversely striately grooved, with a single conspicuous pricked groove below the suture, aperture elongately ovate, columella contractedly twisted. Sowersy (not of Kiener), Tankerville Catalogue, App. p. 25. Hab. Zanzibar, East Africa (in sandy mud, in deep water) ; Thorne. This species may be readily distinguished by its tessel- lated clouding of milk-white upon a uniform orange-red ground, which very little varies. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) TrreBRA Consors. Ter. testd modice subulatd, albida, flammis fulvo-spadiciis latis pallidé colorata, anfracti- bus subplanulatis, superne obsolete plicato-crenulatis, deinde sulco impresso cingulatis ; apertura breviusculd, ad basin subefiusd, columella brevi, subrecta. Tur consort Trrespra. Shell moderately subulate, white, faintly coloured with broad fulvous-drab flames, whorls rather flattened, obsoletely plicately crenulated round the upper part, then encircled by an impressed groove; aperture rather short, a little effused at the base, columella short, nearly straight. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 150. Terebra virginea, Deshayes. Terebra glabra, Deshayes. Hab. Tahiti, Society Islands. M. Deshayes’ 7. virginea and glabra, described from single specimens in the Cumingian collection, are worn, discoloured 7. consors. There are traces in both of the plicated crenules and of the fulvous-dark spots of 7. consors, neither of which indications of character are de- picted in the figures of the ‘ Journal de Conchyliologie.’ Species 3. (Fig. 3 a and 3 4, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA DuUPLIcaTAa. Ter. testd acute subulatd, fulvo- grised, nune pallida, nune castaneo tinctd, fascia an- gusta albidé cinctd, maculis purpureis supra fasciam vittatd, anfractibus planatis, supra sulco conspicuo di- visis, longitudinaliter acute sulcatis, plicis intermediis Puate I. confertis et planatis; aperturd subanguste oblonga, columelld crassé contort. Tor pupLicaté Tprrespra. Shell sharply subulate, fulvous-grey, sometimes pale, sometimes chestnut- stained, encircled with a narrow white band, filleted over the band with purple spots, whorls flattened, lon- gitudinally sharply grooved, the intermediate plaits close set and flattened, whorls flattened, divided round the upper part by a conspicuous groove ; aper- ture rather narrowly oblong, columella thickly twisted. | Buccinum duplicatum, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1206. Terebra chalybeus, Martini. Terebra Lamarchii, Kiener. Terebra Reevei, Deshayes. Hab. Zanzibar, China, Moluccas, Madagascar, etc. Of this species there are many varieties, according to the extent and peculiarity of its geographical range; and, as in many other species of the genus, the shell is not always composed of the same number of whorls. It varies also in being stouter or more acicular, according to circum- stances. 1. Lamarckii is the spotted variety represented at Fic. 34; and Z. Reevei is a delicate transparent co- lourless variety from the Moluccas. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA MACULATA. Ter. tesld obeso-subulata, solida, ponderost, fulvescente, spadiceo fasciatim tincta, maculis purpureo-fuscis sublacteis bifasciatd, quarum superio- ribus majoribus, anfractibus planatis, levibus, nitenti- bus, primis ad dimidium inferiorem oblique crebricos- tutis ; apertura oblonga, columella parum contortd. Tue sporreD TrrpsprRa. Shell stoutly subulate, solid, heavy, yellowish, stained in a banded manner with fawn-colour, encircled with two bands of milky pur- ple-brown spots, of which the upper are the larger, whorls flattened, smooth, shining, the first obliquely closely ribbed on the lower half; aperture oblong, columella but little twisted. Buccinum maculatum, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. p. 1205. Acus columna Trajana, Humphreys. Terebra maculata, Lamarck. Subula maculata, Blainville. Hab. Society Islands, Molucea, and Philippine Islands. Port Essington, Australia, ete. This well-known species, the largest of the genus, is also one of considerable geographical range, but has little variation withal. In the earlier whorls the lower half of the whorl is closely obliquely ribbed, and the second row of painting shows only in fine dots. c~'s Terebra PUI. Vincent Brooks, imp Sowerby, delet hth TEREBRA. Prats II. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA svRIGATA. Ter. testd subobeso-subulatd, pon- derosd, versus basin robusta, spadiceo-lacted, rufo-brun- neo conspicue ampliter strigatd, anfractibus convexo- planatis, primis dense plicato-costatis, ceteris subru- gosis, costis evanidis, sulco subobsoleto medio divisis ; apertura ovata, columelld crassa subconstricta. THE STREAKED TpREBRA. Shell rather stoutly subulate, heavy, robust towards the base, fawn-cream-colour, conspicuously largely streaked with red-brown, whorls convexly flattened, the first closely plicately ribbed, the rest somewhat rough, with the ribs faded away, divided round the middle with a rather obsolete groove; aperture ovate, columella thick, somewhat constricted. Sowersy, Tankerville Catalogue, App. p. 25. Terebra elongata, Wood. Terebra flammea, Lesson. Terebra zebra, Kiener. Hah. Panama, Galapagos and Philippine Islands; Cum- ing. Moluccas, ete. With a widely extended and somewhat peculiar range of geographical distribution, this species is quite an iso- lated one in the genus; and its differences of habitat are not marked by any corresponding differences in the shell. Species 6. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA CRENULATA. Ter. testd acuté turritd, spadiceo- lacted, livido-fuscescente plus minus tinctd, lineis cas- taneis infra suturas fimbriatd, et sparsim castaneo punctato-fasciatd, anfractibus planatis, levibus, versus apicem confertim plicato-liratis, tuberculis undique co- ronatis ; aperturd breviusculd, columellé vix contorta. THE CRENULATED TrEREBRA. Shell sharply turreted, fawn-cream-colour, more or less faintly stained with livid-brown, frilled with chestnut lines below the sutures, and sparsely dot-banded with chestnut, whorls flattened, closely plicately ridged towards the apex, coronated throughout with tubercles, smooth ; aperture rather short, columella scarcely twisted. Buecinum crenulatum, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1205. Terebra crenulata, Lamarck. Terebra fimbriata, Deshayes. Hab, Molucea and Pacifie Islands. This species is also an isolated one in the genus, in- cluding M. Deshayes’s M. fimériata, represented at Fig. 6a, in which I see no difference beyond a richer display of colour. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA DussumigERI. er. testd elongate subulatd, sub- angustd, grised, fulvo-fuscescente late fasciatd, anfrac- tibus dense longitudinaliter plicato-liratis, liris superné obsoletis, suleo divisis; aperturé oblonga, columellé subrectda. Dussumrer’s TeREBRA. Shell elongately subulate, ra- ther narrow, grey, broadly banded with fulvous- brown, whorls closely longitudinally plicately ridged, ridges obsolete on the upper part of the whorls, di- vided off by a groove; aperture oblong, columella ra- ther straight. Krener, Icon. Coq. vivantes, p. 31. pl. 8. f. 17. Hab. Island of Haynan, China; Humphreys. Allied to 7. duplicata, but distinguished from that species by a peculiar rubbed appearance in places, more es- pecially round the upper part of the whorls; and there is no indication of the encircling fillet of purple spots. February, 1860. Terebra PL IH. Vincent Brooks, imp Sowerby, delet hth TEREBRA. Puate III. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA TIGRINA. Ter. testa conico-subulatd, solidius- culd, carneo-albd, maculis rufis supra suturas uniseria- tim cinctd, ad basin biseriatd, anfractibus levibus, sulco divisis ; apertura breviusculd, columella subcon- tortd. THE TIGER-SPOTTED TEREBRA. Shell conically subulate, rather solid, flesh-tinted, white, encircled above the sutures with a single row of red spots, at the base two rows, whorls smooth, divided by a groove ; aper- ture rather short, columella somewhat. twisted. Buceinum tigrinum, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 2602. Terebra tigrina, Deshayes. Buceinum felinum, Dillwyn. Terebra felina, Sowerby. Hab. West Indies. Of very simple character, encircled throughout imme- diately above the sutures with a neat necklace of rust-red spots. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA MUSCARIA. flavescente, maculis rufo-fuscis quadratis triseriatim Ter. testd acute elongato-subulata, cinctd, anfractibus convexo-planatis, primis plicato- crenulatis, ceteris levibus, sulco subsuperficiario su- perne divisis ; aperturd ovata, columella recta. THE FLY-MARKED TrreBra. Shell sharply elongately subulate, yellowish, encircled with three rows of square red-brown blotches, whorls convexly flattened, the first plicately crenulated, the rest smooth, divided at the upper part bya rather superficial groove ; aper- ture ovate, columella straight. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 241. Terebra subulata, Enc. Méth. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (in sand, on the reefs at low-water); Cuming. Compared with 7. swdxlata, with which this species has a very natural resemblance, it may be remarked that the shell is less narrowly elongated, and it is encircled by three, instead of two, rows of spots. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA ROBUSTA. Ter. testd acute elongald, versus ba- sin globoso-obesd, fulvescente-lacted, maculis castaneo- rufis irregulariter biseriatim tinctd, anfractibus con- veriusculis subrugosis, versus apicem confertim plicato- crenulatis, sulco centrali obsoleti cingulatis, suturis rude impressis ; apertura subangustd, columelld subex- cavatd et constrictd, deinde contortd et recurved. THE ROBUST TEREBRA. Shell sharply elongated, glo- bosely stout towards the base, fulvous cream-colour, very irregularly splashed with a double row of chest- nut-red blotches, whorls rather convex, somewhat rough, closely plicately crenulated towards the apex, and encircled with a central obsolete groove, sutures rudely impressed ; aperture rather narrow, columella slightly excavated and constricted, then twisted and recurved. Hips, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 149. Hab. Panama, Gulf of Nicoya, Gulf of Papagayo, and San Blas (in sandy mud, at the depths of from four to eighteen fathoms); Cuming, Belcher. It is a notable distinguishing feature of this species that the last whorl assumes a subglobose bulbous growth, so constricted below as to give the columellaa recurved twist. The painting is extremely irregularly splashed. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA CHLORATA. er. festa subobeso-subulatd, albidd, macnlis luteo-rufis venosis lacteis biseriatim cinctd, anfractibus convexo-planatis, sulco superficiario su- perne late divisis, prope apicem subtilé plicato-crenula- tis ; apertura suboblongd, columella parum contortd. THE YELLOWISH TrREBRA. Shell rather stoutly sub- ulate, whitish, encircled with two rows of veined, milky, yellowish-red spots, whorls convexly flattened, broadly divided at the upper part with a superficial groove, finely plicately crenulated near the apex; aper- ture somewhat oblong, columella but little twisted. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 246. Terebra Knorri, Gray. Hab. Seychelle Islands ; Dufour. Malacca (in sandy mud, at a depth of about ten fathoms) ; Cuming. There is a marked peculiarity in the painting of this species; the spots, which have a milky appearance, are rather promiscuously splashed, and the red colouring- matter drains from them, as it were, in irregular veins. February, 1860. 7 vy 3 a 4 : .= i a. i a “a a vo — 7 ; — “iy , , Wy 5 é “ : ? 4 - bl : rf - yew e —_ a 7 ; oy dle 10 feniy a , yap 7 rr @ ral 7 _ : me aoe 7 hn ae =e 7 : = : e- : . _ : a ig? : She -_ —— a if a? - 7 a ‘ q 2 : 7 les 1 7 ; a ] ' I : : ay a ae 7 orn! oe - oe may ere? : : mt ne ’ en‘ii = wy le - 7 » a - tao One 7 es - 7 ee c ao ‘ > . _ _ : . PT’ - —. 1 -¥ 7 2 er ys”, o> ee SS j : . > = ont in - : : : ve - - - vs we 7 . of me id y ; — > ~ ‘ — ae ec if ” ol ye 7 - : \ aes 9 Uw» 7 o> 4 : ned ' M 2 7 . a Phe as 7 es — 4 7 Ja = : >a a= bei rol we - 5 ae 7 a q - : : DP Nite - _ - he _ . ier id >On @ | a = —_, _ 7 _ —_ i, Ui | 7 Cas ve 7 : 7 w UA 7 _ ' o ® iu "Y" 7 7 ahh fi > - ¥ ” ore i oe i ol : - - - a 7 war it : ~~. : wt as, om : > oe bs = 7 7 ahd jag : pe : ne ° : : > - { H ‘ _ 1 ore ’ = ; - ; ‘ ——~ ’ : ‘ 5 ase 7 - 7 ~ ¥ ge —_ : a0 want, 104 [ e° ana : _ bes ~ 2 ll 7 as - me Mf an a* . _ le by OD 7 7 eo @ af A wre © 7 gi . > a 7. = AA 7 7 2 - os 7 , y : yr are ; _ i a & SS t@ @#a ‘eens _ ¥ - - < - os | aS 7] -3) os Ae eee a) - : - 7) 7 ea a7 7 le r - i e' i. 7 a 1 . ad 7 t oY ae oF iy i as : fan 7 7 1 a > 7 + hi zz lets jedi - 4 i. a a : ‘ ne : : 7 a yj vs 7 - : oi j . - 7 _ : , Terebra PLIV Vincent Brooks, Imp TEREBRA. Prete: DV. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA VARIEGATA. er. testd subobeso-subulatd, gri- seo-ceruled, purpureo-fusco strigatd et maculata, an- Jractibus convewis, spiraliter lineari-sulcatis, superne | callosis et creno-tuberculatis ; apertura parviusculd, columella valdé constrictd et contortda. | THE VARIEGATED TEREBRA. Shell rather stoutly subu- late, greyish-blue, streaked and spotted with purple- brown, whorls convex, spirally linearly grooved, cal- | lous and crenulately tubercled round the upper part ; | aperture rather small, columella very much constricted and tubereled. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1834, p. 61. Hab. Guaymas, Gulf of California (in sandy mud, in deep water); Babb. A shell of very conspicuous colouring. The. nearest allied to it is a West African species 7. intertincta, from the mouth of the Gambia. Species 13. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA FLAMMEA. Ter. testd elongato-turritd, auran- | tio-lacted, rufo-fusco promiscue flammald, anfractibus | convexis, rugosis, sulco divisis, versus apicem crenula- tis, interdum concavo-sulcatis, undique dense concen- tricé crenulatis ; apertura subangustd, columella cou- stricta et prominente contorto-recurva. THE FLAMED TeEreEBRA. Shell elongately turreted, orange-cream-colour, promiscuously flamed with red- brown, whorls convex, rough, divided by a groove, erenulated towards the apex, sometimes concavely | grooved, closely concentrically crenulated throughout; aperture rather narrow, columella constricted, and prominently twistedly recurved. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 239. Terebra incomparabilis, Deshayes. Hab. China; Japan; Moreton Bay, Australia; Panama. Like many other species of the genus, 7’. flammea has a wide range of habitation. The Panama variety, collected by Mr. Bridges, is M. Deshayes’s 7. incomparabilis. Some specimens are concentrically crenulated much more than others. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA ORNATA. Ter. testé obeso-subulatd, carneo-lac- ted, maculis quadratis purpureis subdistantibus trise- riatim cincta, anfractibus convexo-planatis, sulco prope mediun divisis, versus apicem margine obsolete crenu- latis ; apertura ovata, columellé valdé constricta et contorto-recurvd. Tue ornate Treresra. Shell stoutly subulate, fleshy cream-colour, encircled throughout with three rows of. rather distant square purple spots, whorls con- ~ vexly flattened, divided near the middle by a groove, obsoletely crenulated at the margin towards the apex; aperture ovate, columella very much constricted and twistedly recurved. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 62. Hab. Galapagos Islands (in coral sand, at a depth of from five to seven fathoms); Cuming. A stoutly subulate shell, distinguished by the regula- rity and neatness of its painting of purple spots, of which the upper row is of a paler and more foxy hue than the others. February, 1860. sealini Su f) Af sdenga ; ra ce eee Vi ee te 06 ; : nt onjt- es Vi ee er: : . : ia} ae | ek Oe tro» . | $ Ripur A Gig, A= aie rs 1 (erap * Pe & oil fay : —_ 0S mw o> Sera S Japapen Ps ~ Den re _ re? 7 . rs ALS cour — ‘ 2 Apt: Wii rt Pt iu w Pew i “Et “Hy, Vibe _ @ = 8 bh Dds fi as oe ah en Se oe a Td re) a 2 a Wigs yes wees irs C oa yh ereora Pi, J Vincent. Brooks, Imp rby, delet Lith ower TEREBRA. PLATE V. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA LINGUALIS. gustd, aurantio-albidd, flammis castaneo-fuscis conspi- Ter. testé subulato-turritd, suban- cuis ornatd, anfractibus plano-concavis, lineis duabus impressis divisis, superne tumidiusculis, biseriatim tu- berculato-crenatis ; columella contorto-recurva. Tue TONGUED TreReBRA. Shell subulately turreted, ra- ther narrow, orange-white, ornamented with conspi- cuous chestnut-brown flames, whorls flatly concave, divided by two impressed lines, rather swollen round the upper part, doubly tubercularly crenated; colu- mella twistedly recurved. Hrnps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 153. Terebra insignis, Deshayes. Hab. Gulf of Papagayo and Bay of Moutija, west coast of America (at a depth of from ten to seventeen fa- thoms) ; Hinds, Cuming. A well-marked species, distinguished from its nearest allies, 7. flammea and formosa, by the more roughly cre- nated sculpture of the whorls, and by the two impressed lines by which they are divided. is a large-spotted variety. M. Deshayes’ 7. insignis Species 16. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA SENEGALENSIS. Ter. testa acute subulatd, fer- rugineo-spadiced, purpureo-castaneo strigatd et macu- lata, anfractibus convexo-planis, primis densé valide acute plicatis, ceteris nune striatis, nunc levibus, ver- sus purtem superiorem lined impressd cingulatis ; co- lumelld obesd, recta. Yue Seneca Terespra. Shell sharply subulate, rusty fawn-colour, streaked and blotched with purple-chest- nut, whorls convexly flattened, the first densely strongly sharply plaited, the rest sometimes striated, sometimes smooth, encircled towards the upper part with an impressed line; columella stout, straight. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 244. Le Faval, Adanson. Terebra striatula, Lamarck. Terebra fusco-maculata, Sowerby. Terebra cingula, Kiener. Terebra speciosa, Deshayes. Terebra festiva, Deshayes. Hab, Senegal and mouth of the Gambia, West Africa (in sandy mud in deep water). T. speciosa and festiva, described by M. Deshayes in the ‘Journal de Conchyliologie’ for 1857, are different | forms of this well-known species in an early stage of growth; and M. Kiener’s 7. cinguda is a variety in which “TEREBRA OCULATA. the later whorls are smooth and shining. The blunt straightness of the columella and the plan of colouring are characteristic in all. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA SUCCINEA. cined, minute sparsim biseriatim rufo-punctatd, anfrac- Ter. testa pyramidali-turritd, sue- tibus plano-concavis, superné tumidiusculis, sulco di- visis, infra irregulariter densé arcuato-corrugatis, ul- timo ad basin subangulato, deinde contracto ; colu- mella contorto-recurvd. Tue aMBpR Trresra. Shell pyramidally turreted, am- ber-coloured, minutely sparsely red-dotted in two rows, whorls flatly concave, rather swollen, and di- vided by a groove at the upper part, below irregu- larly closely arcuately wrinkled, last whorl slightly angled at the base, then contracted, with the colu- mella twistedly recurved. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 149. Hab. Matnog, province of Albay, Island of Luzon, Phi- lippines (found on a coral bank, thrown up in a gale of wind); Cuming. There are three specimens of this species in the Cumin- gian collection, and one in that of Mr. T. Lombe Taylor. They are of a uniform semitransparent amber-colour, en- circled by two distant rows of minute red dots, the whorls being concave and sculptured towards the lower part with an irregular gathering of arched shrivelled wrinkles. Species 18, (Mus. Cuming.) Ter. testé elongato-turritd, solidius- culd, fulvescente-spadiced, maculis grandibus albis uni- seriatim, ad basin biseriatim, cinctd, anfractibus primis crenulatis, deinde levibus, infra planis, supra tumidis ; columella subcontorta. Tur pyep Trresra. Shell elongately turreted, rather solid, fulvous-fawn, encircled with a row, at the base with two rows, of large white spots, whorls, the first crevulated, then smooth, flat below, swollen above ; columella slightly twisted. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 242. Terebra levis, Gray. Hab. Isle of Annaa, Society Islands (in sand, on coral reefs, at low water); Cuming. There is no species of the genus in which there is so little variation either of form or colouring as in this. In dwarf specimens the white spots are often obscure. March, 1860. ‘ 7 i A : W ee 1 han ~ 7 pines " a i _ ee) Payee he ~ F ¥ - i) 7 eo), uve ¥ a 2, Be - i * ? : a : i 7 ry i i oe yi! ix mun ?- o =! bee! eee a Coan oe : ' aa Pr eGo 1 ‘ 2 : : ia » — — DE Dai . : a : ; : - : a = ‘ Th : 7 : a he i) 1 ad 7 } eras a ; i es mw * we FT ae, oy inde we ‘wns ¢ : To : i : wie t £ a. | i al a 7 - ie aa Le | 7 ee Pe gp TS eee Ieee ac Di. ; a =— 7 é - - a 7 - ; a wv i : € : 7 ie 9 pe ne - a 2 otal - ro Se os : aD “8 9 7 3 he 1/ i p a et a 7 a 7 - : ay 7 a - ne it ar ; os i a i ' a : A Yie J v as 7 _ : = ol ’ / ff a, P : 7 1 7 " c ae a * 1 ut : 7 § So A ' > iy a i - 7 — a 1 @5 q4 - ‘i ’ re ; Swe ; ° = iw i oy a pee Tip ce ~~ 7 \ ee Be: Voit a ae i ’ ie © i De 17 « wt ’ £ ~~ om dows i " 7 ; 5 ah" at 7 y .Y _ ry K - 7 i : , 7 ¥ f 1 7 i a ie % 7 a a 7 : 7 - a t . i if - = ee) ae . oe rie = : : : 9 ti > 3 ; 7 7 &G Bs 7 ; 7 ‘wee : | y “4 ad bd Pe : Wh et Nes a i HG cBs a? du ’ ; _ ’ | ; eS ne id - . Ue 2 e- < _ 1 S — 7 va “e ; 7 7 - f 7 7 ia * bare wp) we ; A al 7 a on ' : P ioe Lees 7 .*.a 7 —— | ae * . j lge Vile a show! , “ve ave ifs ee ” ios ae a \ ’ 7 7 a Be ee ’ _. - rae —— ; : ra ie 7 - J ‘ a af a - 5 : 1 250 Oh) a $- ys —. 7 woe @ . 7 rs * pe 7 wa ty Terebra Pt. V1. Sowerby, del et hth Vincent Brooks, Inap TEREBRA. Pirate VI. Species 19. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA CORRUGATA. Ter, testé elongato-turritd, per- angustd, fulvo-lacted, maculis purpureis triseriatin pictd, anfractibus convexo-planatis, superné tumidius- culis et nodoso-crenulatis, crenulis sulco divisis ; colu- mellad valide contorto-recurva. THE WRINKLED TEresRa. Shell elongately turreted, very narrow, fulvous cream-colour, painted with three rows of purple spots, whorls convexly flattened, rather swollen, and nodosely crenulated round the upper part, the crenules divided by a groove; columella strongly twistedly recurved. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 244. Terebra punctata, Gray. Terebra regina, Deshayes. Terebra bitorquata, Deshayes. Hab. Loanda, west coast of Guinea (found on the sands) ; Dr. Tams. M. Deshayes’s 7. regina, of which the original type is represented at Fig. 19 4, is a smooth, obese variety of Lamarck’s 7’. corrugata; and his 7. bitorguata, of which the original type, belonging to M. Crosse, of Paris, has reached me too late to be figured, is a fine symmetrical example of the noduled variety, of smaller dimensions, from Mr. Cuming’s collection, represented at Fig. 19 a. T agree with M. Kiener in considering these to be varie- ties, The uppermost row of purple spots appears in the interstices between the nodules ; and the nodules, divided by a spiral impressed line, are in the lower row frequently more or less obsolete. M. Crosse’s very elegant specimen is at least an inch longer than the Cumingian specimen. In both the columella is unnaturally exposed to view from the lip being broken away. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA PERTUSA. Ter. testd anguste subulatd, auran- tio-succined, albo interdum tessellatd, prope suturam rufo-purpureo dense strigato-maculata, anfractibus pla- no-convewis, longitudinaliter tenué plicato-liratis, inter- stitiis undique pertusis ; columella recta. THE PRICKED TEREBRA. Shell narrowly subulate, orange- amber, sometimes tessellated with white, closely streak-spotted with reddish-purple next the suture, whorls flatly convex, longitudinally finely plicately ridged, the interstices pricked throughout ; columella straight. Buceinum pertusum, Born, Mus. p. 267. pl. 10. f. 13. Hab. Darnley Island, Australia; Jukes. Of a delicate orange-amber colour, painted next the su- ture in a very characteristic manner in the interstices be- tween the folds with reddish-purple. Though figured nearly a century ago by Born in his ‘ Vienna Museum,’ the species was not known to Lamarck, and it is only very recently that its habitat has been discovered. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA ARGUS. cente, maculis subquadratis pallidissimé spadiceis tri- Ter. testa subelongato-subulatd, albes- seriatin, in anfractu ultimo quadriseriatim, cinctd, an- fractibus planulatis, superné tumidiusculis, primis ad marginem tenue crenulatis et sulco divisis ; columella subrectd. Tue Arcus Trrepra. Shell somewhat elongately subu- late, whitish, encircled with three rows, in the last whorl with four rows, of somewhat square, very pale, fawn spots, whorls flattened, rather swollen round the upper part, the first whorls finely crenulated at the margin, and divided by a groove; columella rather straight. Hrnps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 160. Terebra nebulosa, Kiener (not of Sowerby). Hab. Tahiti, Society Islands (in coral sand, on the reefs) ; Cuming. Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands; Hinds. The spots are peculiarly faintly stained, and very regular and characteristic. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) I $s TEREBRA suBULATA. Ter. testd elongate subulatd, ful- vescente-albd, maculis purpureo-fuscis subquadratis bi- seriatim, in anfractu ultimo triseriatim, cinctd, an- fractibus convexo-planatis, superné tumidiusculis, pri- mis perpaucis tenuicrenulatis, sulco divisis ; columella brevi, subcontorta. THE suBuLATE TrREBRA. Shell elongately subulate, fulvous-white, encircled with two rows, in the last whorl with three rows of somewhat square purple- brown spots, whorls convexly flattened, rather swollen towards the upper part, the first few finely crenulated March, 1860. TEREBRA.—Puate VI. and divided by a groove; columella short, slightly twisted. Buccinum subulatum, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1205. Hab. Society and Philippine Islands (in sand, on coral | reefs, at low water); Cuming. Chiefly distinguished from 7. muscaria by its more slen- der proportions, and in being encircled by only two rows of spots, while the early whorls are not plicated longitudi- nally, as in that species. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA CONSOBRINA. rulescente-albd, maculis quadratis spadiceo-fuscis bise- riatim, in anfractu ultimo triseriatim, cinctd, anfrac- tibus planulatis, spiraliter pertuso-striatis, primis sulco Ter. testa elongato-subulata, ca- | divisis et nodoso-crenulatis ; columellé brevi, sub- recta. Tur cousin Trrepra. Shell elongately subulate, blu- ish-white, encircled with two rows, in the Jast whorl with three rows of fawn-brown square spots, whorls flattened, spiraily pricked-striated, the first divided by a groove, and nodosely crenuled ; columella short, nearly straight. | Dusuayss, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1859, p. 308. | Hab. Red Sea. Well distinguished by M. Deshayes from 7. swdudata, with which species it had been previously confounded. It is of a more conically subulate form, with the spots more delicately stained, whilst the surface of the whorls is en- circled at regular intervals with pricked striz. Terebra Pl. Vil. Vincent Brooks, Imp TEREBRA. Puate VII. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) TereBRa GouLpr. er. testa abbreviato-subulatd, versus basin subventricosd, lacted, fuscescente-spadiceo bifas- ciatd, anfractibus declivi-planulatis, undique valide ir- regulariter densé plicato-liratis, superné sulco conspi- cuo divisis, ad marginem rude obsolete nodulosis ; co- lumella subrectd. Goutp’s Trresra. Shell shortly subulate, somewhat ventricose towards the base, cream-coloured, two- banded with brownish-fawn, whorls slopingly flat- tened, strongly irregularly closely plicately ridged throughout, divided by a conspicuous groove at the upper part, rudely obsoletely noduled at the margin ; columella nearly straight. Desnayss, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 278. Hab. Sandwich Islands; Dr. Newcomb. An elaborately sculptured shell, though the sculpture is somewhat irregular in development, while the nodules next the sutures are rather obsolete. The banded colouring is of a uniform light-brown fawn throughout. Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA LIGNEOLA. er. testa abbreviato-subulatd, ver- sus basin ventricosd, intus extusque sordidé castaned, anfractibus declivi-conveais, longitudinaliter plicatim undato-liratis, depressione superné divisis, ultimo circa basin nodoso-striato ; columella contracté et contortd. THR woopEN Trrppra. Shell shortly subulate, ven- tricose towards the base, dull-chestnut within and without, whorls slopingly convex, longitudinally pli- cately wave-ridged, divided towards the upper part by a depression, last whorl nodosely striated round the base; columella contracted, twisted. Terebra castanea, Hinds (not of Kiener), Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 161. pl. 43. f. 59. Hab. China; Fortune. This shell, a very rare and characteristic new species, was described and figured by Mr. Hinds for M. Kiener’s T. castanea. TT. castanea is a ved-stained specimen of the common 7. cinerea, named by Mr. Hinds, in different states, 7’ laurina, stylata, and luctuosa, and by Mr. C. B. Adams 7’. Jamaicensis. Species 26. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA C#RULESCENS. crassa, subponderosd, cawrulescente-cinered vel alba, vel albd infra suturam cerulescente-cinereo fasciatd, an- Sractibus declivi-planulatis, levibus, longitudinaliter subtilissime undato-striatis ; columella obesd, rectd, subtruncata. THE BLUISH TEREBRA. Shell shortly subulate, thick, rather ponderous, bluish-ash, or white, or white banded beneath the suture with bluish-ash, whorls slopingly flattened, smooth, longitudinally very finely wave-striated ; columella stout, straight, somewhat truncated. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 245. Bullia cerulescens, Gray. Hab. Society and Philippine Islands (in sandy mud, at low Feejee Islands; Hinds. A smooth, solid species, varying in colour principally as represented by the three specimens figured. Ter. testé abbreviato-subulatd, water); Cuming. Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA DIMIDIATA. Ter. testd elongato-subulatd, acu- tissimd, rufo-aurantid, interdum pallidd, albo varié strigatd et fasciatd, anfractibus declivi-planatis, primis perpaucis plicato-crenulatis, ceteris levibus, sulco con- spicuo superné divisis ; columelld recta, vix contorta. THE DivipED TereBra. Shell elongately subulate, very sharp, reddish-orange, sometimes pale, variously streaked and banded with white, whorls slopingly flattened, the first few plicately crenulated, the rest smooth, divided towards the upper part with a con- spicuous groove ; columella straight, scarcely twisted. Buccinum dimidiatum, Linnzus, Syst. Nat. p. 1206. Buccinum hecticum, Chemnitz (not of Linneens). Terebra dimidiata, Lamarck. Terebra splendens, Deshayes. Hab. Society and Philippine Islands; Cuming. A pale variety of this species, in which the colouring is broken up into square spots, has been separated by M. Deshayes under the title of 7. splendens. A careful examination of his type, for the loan of which I am greatly indebted, has satisfied me that he has over-estimated its peculiarities. March, 1860. C =r} ae 2 7 is oy i ie few ie Ue yh hae jee! | > Dali Vin die AyE TE "he ihe ; Aad re ty en jis, meV Ailend LA ht, nay Li ‘| ee ) rine tug a ) &: oie aff mt mae te Athy, wipers |e A pail “eaailh dl yyy rie = tems a) a oo if om) 2 >. a 7c: = = Terebra Pl. Vul. 30b S owerby, del ethth Vincent Brooks, imp TEREBRA. Puate VIII. Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA PRELONGA. Ter. testa perelongato-turritd, gra- cillimd, fulvo-aurantia, anfractibus angustis, plano-con- cavis, decussatim granulatis, superné biseriatim nodu- losis, serie suprema majore ; apertura parva, columella brevi, contorto-recurva. THE VERY LONG Trrepra. Shell very elongately tur- reted, very slender, fulvous-orange, whorls narrow, flatly concave, decussately granuled, encircled with two rows of nodules at the upper part, the upper row the larger; aperture small, columella short, twistedly recurved. Desuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 315. Hab. Port Curtis, Australia; Stuchbury. This species and 7. ¢riseriata, to which it is very closely allied, are the most slenderly elongated forms of tne genus, each being composed of from thirty-five to forty narrow whorls, sculptured throughout with a multiplicity of no- dules in spiral necklaces of beads. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) TpreBra Cuminert. er. testa elongato-turritd, gracili, semipellucido-albd, anfractibus concavo-planatis, undi- que exquisite granoso-cancellatis, gemmis clathratis su- perne biseriatim cinctis; aperturad parvd, columellé gracili, contorto-recurva. Cumine’s TerEBRA. Shell elongately turreted, slender, semitransparent-white, whorls concavely flattened, ex- quisitely granosely cancellated throughout, encircled round the upper part with two rows of latticed beads ; aperture small, columella slender, twistedly recurved. Desuaygs, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 311. Hab, China. Although a solid shell, 7. Cumingii has a delicate semi- transparent-white aspect, the surface being most elabo- rately latticed throughout with fine beads. Species 80. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA PRETIOSA. er. testé elongato-turritd, fulves- cente-albd, maculis aurantio-fuscis promiscuis fasciatd, anfractibus convexo-planatis, concentrice dense arcuato- liratis, interstitis clathratis, superné suleatis, versus aperturam bisuleatis, suleis liris arcuatis interruptis ; columella contorto-recurva. THE PREcIOUS TEREBRA. Shell elongately turreted, ful- vous-white, banded with promiscuous blotches of orange-brown, whorls convexly flattened, concentri- cally closely arcuately ridged, the interstices being latticed, grooved, towards the aperture double grooved round the upper part, the grooves being interrupted by the arched ridges; columella twistedly recurved. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 200. Hab. China. This very elegant species is distinguished by a peculiar sculpturing of concentric shrivelled ridges, the interstices between which are latticed. The growth of the shell con- tinues with the most symmetrical regularity, and there is little or no variation of the colouring. Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA MyuROS. Ter. testd perelongato-turritd, ceru- lescente-albd, maculis amplis rufo-fuscis tessellatd, an- Sractibus planatis, striis confertim scabroso-clathratis, superne biseriatim granuloso-liratis, liris versus aper- turam evanidis, granulis plus minus obsoletis ; aper- turd parva, columella contorto-recurva. THE Ratv’s-ratL TEREBRA. Shell very elongately tur- reted, bluish-white, tessellated with large blotches of red-brown, whorls flattened, closely scabrously lat- ticed with striae, encircled round the upper part with two rows of granuled ridges, ridges blended towards the aperture, with the granules more or less obsolete ; aperture small, columella twistedly recurved. Lamaxck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 247. Terebra scabrella, Lamarck. Terebra commaculata, Pfeiffer. Hab. Moluccas. New Ireland. There is no doubt of Lamarck’s 7. myuros and scabrella being varieties of one and the same species. What Gme- lin’s Buccinum commaculatum was, like many other of his very ambiguous species, it is impossible to say. March, 1860. Aa Ae 7 4 WU? gaxet = a Fie ve ten? gs ¥ © 2y Ub Oceeget se + =o eae h : ag oud -lunrecie oe (qheeet, —! (ia ner -_ pp we Gee tht P= bedime an noe 8 = yr ony G\\peatele @& a Toe on onalt ‘ye, —e rere) : } > *-ic 2¢ FS 4 4a Mo @ P te: eee ial o> - 2 eA) 1)) eet noe DOd,t | Jie amet) g iy ae ede et A, Ol ae ' ) doe rhea ee er Fe® | PSG: 1 SOQ) od > Be hee ey Ns inl be iS OP Te oun | ol sy) Leva ie 2 Peg o gee ; oF hl Bials Th fT ee ed { 7) I faa ff a V/ Meaty, aa! < U-9.75 tls ad = Geom = i@ @ Ia VE wi aay} niiges Pee ‘ ‘Wiad? oN ie ish ies Ghiemr i op) co.) a eee 1 ¥ = ig ¢ A AGN thn oe 2 O\ _ 7 : os ay . ba i mye teat ea ae aly & a a iam: er - 1 v A fr _ - 5 aly : Wa Gavan 9 inal AN Min eat utd eatin ap >! : i" : ehavh Duel dat fs DED Prey nia je Pies lhe Th lod WY raen Jig HOLS jit a uf G8 Dey Cr Se a eh Te OR oo jee Pe rs HO, loud piles eons a)° Fore 7 Hele ad FD pial ave Ff ~ “y, a: a ws borer tye ly yehy ay Alu ? a muha Sh . , a oa) colt art ‘ 7 O Veet. J path ae iron ‘iow ee ee ~} ‘ ote = pete “Kah 49 i i - 7 Port oy, Wek “i — ia eons ceases on (seen te -iu 77 ju ii: inthe A> wieltdy ua'o Terabe pig Vinee - ae = . weer eee ba) eS OE ee ee es x ie Be less 7 Pachens <9 tale TiC a ie fide Hise iylatae “Ati! ey haee anata) HOLA ite te telah oe wi Hiiggte4e if e Tee aay =e jt a uM ¥: a u Y — iy < 7 ‘ . ‘a in: ' ' 0.7% jo ; 5 fo Fa i ie! & Oi nese ar Swiss oti nie In Oo cone adh gen ee 7 > ict 7 pe teu? as”, eile vrbied in yt ey! owe he i Toke : 7 . : Ley : : a al if or perehih Vee wth rey hp, Lae ce Beesley 0 int f : a 7 7 ay : 4 a oat ;% ie t ' ! cecal cee a) % beh = : 7 _ 4 7 . , 7 ee by OF waa: a : s r) a i : PATS: ADAT NG 4, yi } ba Silo latigr A ' ql LJ fy eC Mth Pathe . 42b Terebra Pt. XT. heb TEREBRA. ! Piate XI. Species 42. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA MONILIS. Ter. testd acuminato-turritd, fulvo- aurantid aut ferrugined, anfractibus planulatis, suleo superne divisis, ad marginem crenatis, interstitiis tu- berculis obtusis albidis yemmatis ; apertura parvd, co- lumelld reflexd et contorto-recured, ‘THE NECKLACE TeREBRA. Shell acuminately turreted, fulvous-orange or rust-tinged, whorls flattened, di- vided at the upper part by a groove, crenated at the margin, gemmed in the interstices with whitish ob- tuse tubercles; aperture small, columella reflected and twistedly recurved. Quoy and Gaimarp, Voy. de PAstrol. vol. ii. p. 467, pl. 36, f. 21, 22. ITab. Marquesas and Society Islands. An interesting species, characterized by a coronation of white tubercles on a fulvous-orange ground. As the tu- bercles become indistinct the species passes through the variety Fig. 426 into 7. cingulifera. Species 43. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TrreEBRA Bapytonta. Ter. testd acuminato-turritd, Julvo-rufescente, aurantio tinctd, opaco-albo partim encausticd, anfractibus plano-convexis, varie decussa- tim sulcato-striatis ; apertura pared, columella reflexd et contorto-recurvd. THE BaByLONIAN TEREBRA. reted, fulvous-red, orange-tinged, partially enamelled with opaque-white, whorls flatly convex, variously de- cussately groove-striated ; aperture small, columella reflected and twistedly recurved. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 243. Terebra striata, Gray. Hab. China; Dr. Cantor. reefs) ; Cuming. Shell acuminately tur- Tahiti (in coral sand on the The ground colour of this species is a bright fulvous orange-red, and it is covered, to where one whorl rests upon the other, with a coating of pinkish opaque-white, which is scratched through by the decussating striae. ‘The striae are more open in some specimens than in others. Species 44. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA CINGULIFERA. Ter. interdum gracili, sordidé alba vel lutescente-ferrugined, | anfractibus levibus, spiraliter superficialiter sulcato- striatis, striis minute punctatis, margine suturali dense oblique crenulato ; apertura parvd, columella recta, ad testa acuminato-turritd, basim subrecurvd. THE GirpLED Trrepra. Shell acuminately turreted, sometimes slender, dead-white or yellowish-rust, whorls smooth, spirally superficially groove-striated, stria finely punctured, sutural margin closely ob- liquely crenulated ; aperture small, columella straight, a little recurved at the base. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 247. Terebra punctulata, Sowerby. Terebra punctatostriata, Gray. Terebra crenifera, Deshayes, Terebra pallida, Deshayes. Terebra columnaris, Deshayes. Terebra Chinensis, Deshayes. Hab. Philippine and Marquesas Islands, China, ete. A plain, yellowish-white shell, encircled with minutely punctured grooved stria, and finely densely crenulated at the sutural margin in an oblique manner. The species has no marking. The shell represented at Fig. 444 is the type of M. Deshayes’ 7. pallida. Species 45. (Mus. Deshayes.) “ Terepra Desuayestt. er. testd tereti, aurantio-rufa, maculis oblique quadratis albis subobscure biseriatim tessellatd, anfractibus subplanatis, sulcis conspicue per- tusis tribus spiraliter cingulatis, rugis tenuibus nume- -rosis dense concentricé decussatis, margine crenulato ; apertura subangustd, columella recta, reflexd, ad basin contorto-reflexd. Desuayes’ Trrepra. Shell terete, orange-red, some- what obscurely tessellated with obliquely square white spots, whorls rather flat, encircled with three conspicuously pricked grooves, closely concentrically decussated with numerous fine wrinkles; aperture rather narrow, columella straight, reflected, twistedly recurved at the base. 9 Hab. Among the specimens of Zerebra kindly forwarded to me by M. Deshayes, I have been rejoiced to find two of a very characteristic new species, which I have the pleasure of distinguishing by his name. It approaches nearest to L. Babylonia in general resemblance, but in detail it is altogether different. The ground colour is a warm orange- red, and it is tessellated next the suture with obliquely Each whorl is encircled with three distinct linear grooves, which are pricked throughout, and they are decussated with fine close-set concentric wrinkles flowing from the crenules of the su- square spots of pinkish-white. tural margin. May, 1860. = > ea -gaaeael ainsi ant TT wi 0, abi? Wadler Nal may Davy fom vt (-o y oN Va Cae a be gis srs Gagye due (sy 2 Nilo us Cees Reni. Widiton . gheeiansieny Foe o's . vie Beate saaceape 6 ho OP wad {ern . iw wis 1 * ae ; cee te a oY ih i he 4 ll Be nh it pao ie prpihate er , a wa ; ¢ Ve a ea eo # — ip ewes o i Oo sei wien hi hava Bote ed a wet . ee eT Meta a a ae, ey) aay + ee Ti iw foonnhe P nuk j a ; ; en Wh © eae ie. e729 B erin t ri ite DP Pile, 9 a ‘-; 7® rrihae ty et - Sowerby, del et hth 37 Terebra Pl. 4H. Vincent Bre TEREBRA. Puate XII. Species 46. (Mus. Deshayes.) ‘TEREBRA HISTRIO. lutescente, maculis longitudinalibus castaneo-purpureis Ter. testa subobeso-subulata, albo- undatis pictd, jucta suturam lineis purpureo-rujis fim- briatd, maculis in anfractu ultimo ad peripheriam in- terruptis, anfractibus subplunulatis, sulco divisis, ad marginem crenato-granatis, granis etate producenti- bus; aperturd pared, columella brevi, abrupte valde contorti. THE HARLEQUIN TEREBRA. Shell rather stoutly subu- late, whitish yellow, painted with longitudinal waved chestnut-purple spots, next the suture filled with purple-red lines, spots in the last whorl interrupted at the periphery, whorls rather flat, divided by a groove, crenately grained at the margin, grains lengthening with age; aperture small, columella short, abruptly much twisted. Desuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 308. Hab. ? This species, from the collection of M. Deshayes, and of which Mr. Cuming also possesses an example, belongs «to the same type as 7. corrugata, from which it differs in being more obtuse and smooth, and in being composed of much fewer whorls. Species 47. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA STRAMINEA. Ter. testd acuminato-turritd, gra- cili, fulvescente aut livido-cinered, anfractibus spira- liter tenuiliratis, interstitiis subeacavatis, sulco superne divisis, supra et partim infra suleum dense oblique crenatis ; aperturd subangustd, columella reflead, ad basin subcontorto-recurvi. STRAW-COLOURED TEREBRA. Shell acuminately turreted, slender, fulvous or livid-ash, whorls spirally finely ridged, interstices rather excavated, divided round the upper part by a groove, densely obliquely erenated above the groove and partially below it; aperture rather narrow, columella reflected, some- THE what twistedly recurved at the base. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 62. Terebra circinata, Deshayes. Terebra acuta, Deshayes. Hab. Philippine Islands (dredged from a depth of from twenty-five to thirty fathoms), Cuming; and China. This species varies from the fulvous straw-colour of the original type to a deep livid-ash, and the specimens of the latter colour are smaller. M. Deshayes’ 7. circinata is the livid variety, represented at Fig. 47a, and his 7. cir- cinata is a variety in which the encircling collar of oblique crenations is partially obsolete. faintly brown-banded, and_ the crenations have frequently a milky appearance. The shell is sometimes Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA FUNICULATA. Ter. testa acuté turritd, ful- vescente-albd, costis pallidioribus, anfractibus spiraliter costatis, interstitiis subprofundé excavatis, pertusis, costa supremd latiore, suleo divisd ; apertura parva, columella brevi, contorta. THE CORDED TEREBRA. Shell sharply turreted, fulvous- white, ribs paler, whorls spirally ribbed, interstices rather deeply excavated, pricked, uppermost rib broader, divided by a groove; aperture small, colu- mella short, twisted. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 153. Terebra Archimedis, Deshayes. Hab. Marquesas Islands. Chiefly characterized by its screw-like succession of strong encircling ribs, the interstices between which are finely pricked. The ribs are frequently smooth and shin- ing, standing out in conspicuous relief. Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.) Trerepra ForMOsSA. Ter. testd subulato-turritd, solidd, albd, maculis quadratis rufo-castaneis biseriatim picta, quarum superioribus multo minoribus, anfractibus pla- nulatis, indivisis, oblique longitudinaliter corrugato- plicatis, plicis biseriatim granatis, anfractu ultimo et penultimo convexioribus, plicis evanidis; apertura sub- angusta, columella crassa, contorto-recurvd. THE BEAUTIFUL TeREBRA. Shell subulately turreted, solid, white, painted with two rows of square reddish- chestnut spots, of which the upper ones are much the smaller, whorls flat, undivided, obliquely longi- tudinally wrinkle-plaited, plaits marked by two rows of grains, last and penultimate whorls more convex, the plaits faded away; aperture rather narrow, colu- mella thick, twistedly recurved. May, 1860. TEREBRA.—Prate XII. DusuHayes, Journ. de Conch. 1837. Hab. Panama, This shell, known only by the single specimen here figured, partakes very much of the characters of 7. flam- mea and lingualis. It would, however, be premature to pronounce it a variety of either species. It is not in the best condition, and further specimens are needed before offering any very critical comment upon its specific value. Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA Lima. er. testd elongato-turritd, flavicante- alba, flammis pallidissime ferrugineis tinctd, circa co- lumellam fasciata ; anfractibus numerosis, subangustis, undique decussatim granoso-liratis, superné sulco di- visis, margine crenulatis ; apertura pared, columella brevi, contorto-recurvia. THE FILE Tprepra. Shell elongately turreted, yellowish- white, painted with very pale rust flames, banded around the columella, whorls numerous, rather nar- row, decussately grain-ridged throughout, divided at the upper part by a groove, crenulated at the margin ; aperture small, columella short, twistedly recurved. DEsHAYES, Journ. de Conch. 1837. Hab. China Seas. An excellent species, elaborately rasped throughout with a decussation of granular ridges, and painted with faint rust flames, which become rather darker towards the aperture. Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA INTERLINEATA. basim obesiusculd, flavicante-alba, sanguineo-roseo pal- lidissime flammatd, punctis rufis biseriatim, in an- Sractu ultimo conspicue triseriatim, pictd, lineis rufis internodosis marginalibus, anfractibus convexis, con- centrice densé corrugato-plicatis, superné sulco late divisis, ad marginem tuberculato-nodatis ; apertura oblonga, effust, columelid obesd, brevi, subrectd. THE INTERLINED TEREBRA. Shell subulate, rather stout towards the base, yellowish-white, very faintly flamed with blood-rose, and painted with two, in the last whorl conspicuously three, rows of red dots, and red lines between the marginal nodules, whorls convex, concentrically closely wrinkle-plaited, broadly divided by a groove at the upper part, tubercularly noduled at the margin; aperture oblong, effused, columella stunt, short, nearly straight. Desuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 277. Hab. Sandwich Islands. Of this species the shell represented is the only speci- men known, but it is a very characteristic and well-marked one. The marking a little resembles that of the larger T. crenulata, but in form and detail of sculpture it belongs” almost to another sectional type. Ter. testi subulatd, versus Terebra PL. XU. FOG ee a me Weise CSFII Vincent Brooks, Imp Sowerby, del.et ith TEREBRA. Puate XIII. Species 52. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA TRISERIATA. fulvo-albidd vel stramined, anfractibus numerosissimis, plano-concavis, spiraliter liratis, interdum concentricé Ter. testa prelongd, gracillimi, granoso-decussatis, superné granis amplis biseriatim gemmatis, infernée serié unicd minore, anfractu ultimo ad basin plus minus angulato ; apertura pared, colu- mella contorto-recurvd. THE THREE-GIRT TEREBRA. Shell very long, very slen- der, fulvous-white or straw-colour, whorls very nu- merous, flatly concave, spirally ridged, sometimes concentrically granosely decussated, beaded round the upper part with two rows of large grains, round the lower with a single smaller row, last whorl more or less angled at the base; aperture small, columella twistedly recurved. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 61. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippine Islands (in coral sand at a depth of six fathoms) ; Cuming. We have adopted M. Deshayes’ 7. prelonga from Port Curtis, Australia, but have much reason to suspect that it is a local variety of the 7. ¢riseriata. types side by side it is impossible to draw a line between them. Those of larger size and darker colour, from Australia, in which the sculpture is more developed, are assigned to 7. prelonga; while the Philippine forms, of more delicate and slender growth, more concavely flattened, with the granulated sculpture more obscure, agree with the originally described 7. triseriata. In arranging the Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.) TeREBRA Fortunnt. er. testa elongato-turritd, gracili- pyramidali, candidd, anfractibus subconvevis, superne sulco pertuso divisis, concentrice validé costatis, inter- stitiis liris spiralibus clathratis, suturis profundis ; apertura parvd, columella subproducté et contorto- recurvd. Fortune’s Teresra. Shell elongately turreted, some- what slenderly pyramidal, white, whorls slightly con- vex, divided at the upper part by a pricked groove, concentrically strongly ribbed, interstices latticed with spiral ridges, sutures deep; aperture small, co- lumella somewhat produced and twistedly recurved. Desuayes, Journ. de Conch. 1857. Hab. China Seas; Fortune. This shell, collected by the well-known traveller after whom M. Deshayes has named it, is unique in the collec- tion of Mr. Cuming. Its slender pyramidal form and varicose plan of sculpture render it a very characteristic species. Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA TROCHLEA. Ter. testd subulato-turritd, ad ba- sin subventricosd, albidd, spadiceo multo tinctd et marmoratd, ad marginem punctulatd, anfractibus latis, planiusculis, superne sulco lato impresso divisis, deinde angulato-plicatis ; aperturd ovatd, subeffusi, columella arcuatd, obesd, parum contorta. THE PULLEY TeREBRA. Shell subulately turreted, some- what ventricose at the base, whitish, much stained and mottled with fawn, faintly dotted at the margin, whorls broad, rather flat, divided at the upper part by a broad impressed groove, then angularly plicated ; aperture ovate, somewhat effused, columella arched, stout, but little twisted. Desnayes, Journ. de Conch. 1857. Hab. Zanzibar. Another very characteristic species, marbled with fawn upon a white ground, leaving the white in a double row of faint spots. The groove encircling the upper part of the whorls is unusually broadly impressed. Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.) TpeREBRA EvoLUTA. Ter. testa subulato-turrita, livido- cinered, costis granisque albidis, ad marginem fusco- rufo punctati, anfractibus plano-convexis, ad marginem granatis, deinde concavo-sulcatis, deinde angulate pli- cato-costatis ; apertura oblonga, columella subrecta. THE UNFoLDED TEREBRA. Shell subulately turreted, livid-ash, ribs and grains whitish, dotted at the mar- gin with fuscous-red, whorls flatly convex, grained at + the margin, then coneavely grooved, then angularly plicately ribbed; aperture oblong, columella nearly straight. Desnayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 292. Hab. Japan. A much less satisfactory species than either of the last May, 1860. TEREBRA.—Ptate XIII. two. It is described from a single specimen in Mr, Cuming’s collection which seems to pass through a state, well illustrated by another single specimen in the Cumin- gian collection, into 7. Dussumieri. Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.) Teresra BERNARDI. Ter. testd subulatd, griseo-plumbed, obscure albifasciatd, anfractibus convexis, subventri- cosis, tenue plicato-costatis, costis valdé coarctatis, su- perné late impressis ; apertura ovatd, fauce castaned, columella obesd, brevi, castaned. Bernarpr’s THREBRA. Shell subulate, greyish lead-colour, obscurely white-banded, whorls convex, slightly ven- tricose, thinly plicately ribbed, ribs very crowded, broadly impressed round the upper part; aperture ovate, interior chestnut, columella rather stout, short, chestnut. Desuayes, Journ. de Conch. 1857. Hab. Moreton Bay, east coast of Australia. This shell belongs to the same type as 7. duplicata, and is very closely allied to that species. Its most promi- nent characteristic is the delicate ventricose form of the whorls, Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA TRICOLOR. er. testa gracili-turritd, aurantio- spadiced, interdum albo-marginatd, lineis tribus rufis distantibus cingulatd, anfractibus plano-convexis, pri- mis subcrenulatis, ceteris levibus ; apertura pared, columelld contorto-recurvd. THE TRICOLOURED TerEBRA. Shell slenderly turreted, orange-fawn, sometimes edged with white, encircled with three distant red lines, whorls flatly convex, the first slightly crenulated, the rest smooth; aperture smal], columella twistedly recurved. SoweErsy, Tankerville Cat. App. p. 24. Terebra teniolata, Quoy. Hab. Tongataboo, Friendly Islands. This species, which is very characteristic in its typical state, encircled with three distant orange-red lines, differs very little from some varieties of 7. cingulifera. “ Terebra Pl. XIV. TEREBRA. Puate XIV. Species 58. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA CANCELLATA. Ter. testd acute tereti, fulvd vel livido-grised, vel cinered, anfractibus plano-convexis, superne sulco divisis, costis oblique concentricis, ad marginem crenatis, confertim regulariter exsculptis, interstitiis lineis tenuibus elevatis cancellatis ; aper- turd parvd, columella subrecta. THE CANCELLATED TEREBRA. Shell sharply terete, ful- vous or livid-grey or ash, whorls flatly convex, di- vided by a groove at the upper part, closely regularly sculptured with obliquely crenated ribs, crenated at the margin, interstices cancellated with fine raised lines ; aperture small, columella nearly straight. Quoy and Gatmarp, Voy. de l’Astrolabe, Moll. vol. ii. p- 471. pl. 36. f. 27, 28. Hab. Philippine Islands (in sandy mud, at depths of from six to twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. In the livid-grey variety of this species the columella and aperture are of a bright shining chestnut-colour. Species 59. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA FLAVESCENS. Ter. festd acute tereti, flavescente, anfractibus plano-convevis, superne sulco divisis, con- centricé densé costatd, costis ad marginem crenatis, in- terstitiis sulcis tenuibus linearibus cancellatis ; aper- turd parva, columella contorto-recurvd. THE YELLOWISH TEREBRA. Shell sharply terete, yellow- ish, whorls flatly convex, divided by a groove at the upper part, concentrically closely ribbed, ribs cre- nated at the margin, interstices cancellated with fine linear grooves; aperture small, columella twistedly recurved. DesuaYes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 299. Hab. Sandwich Islands ; Pease. This species is remarkably like the preceding, but it will be observed on comparing them that in 7. cancellata the columella is straight, while in Z. flavescens it is con- tracted and twistedly recurved. Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA CINGULA. Ter. ¢estd obeso-subulatd, crassd, spadiced, fulvo-castaneo maculata, interruple fasciatd, anfractibus convexo-planis, primis sulco divisis et con- fertim plicato-liratis, ceteris levibus ; apertura sub- oblonga, columella crassa, recta. Tue GirTH TpReBRA. Shell stoutly subulaie, thick, fawn-colour, encircled with blotches and interrupted bands of fulvous-chestnut, whorls convexly flattened, the first divided by a groove, and closely plicately ridged, the rest smooth; aperture somewhat oblong, columella thick, straight. KiENER, Icon. spes. viv. p. 28. pl. 8. f. 16. Terebra fatua, Winds. Hab. Island of St. Christopher, West Indies (on the sand); Miller. The shell here figured is the type of Mr. Hinds’ 7. fatua. On further examination and comparison, | find it to be a large discoloured specimen of M. Kiener’s 7. cingula, which has been quoted in Plate V. as a smooth variety of TL. Senegalensis. The question arises,—Is 7. cingula, now that we know its habitat to be the West Indies, a species really distinct from 7. Senegalensis? The habitat furnishes no evidence of its clistinctness, because, as we have remarked in Plate IV., under 7. variegata, “it is well known to those who have studied the geographical distribution of animal life, that the Fauna of the West African seas north of Sierra Leone, is in part identical with the Fauna of the seas of California and the West Indies.” In the absence of further observation, however, we venture to describe 7. cingula under the present head, as a species, and withdraw it from the list of synonyms of T. Senegalensis, which is of a somewhat lighter structure and more ventricose; but the question remains open to doubt. Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.) | TEREBRA- TUBERCULOSA. er. testd pyramidali-subulatd, lenuiculd, pellucido-cinered, versus apicem livido-pur- purascente, jucla suturam obscure rufo-punctatd, an- fractibus declivo-planatis, superne sulco divisis, ad marginem conspicue funiculatis et tuberculato-granatis, infra sulcum levigatd, nitente, deinde longitudinaliter seriatim granatis ; aperturd arcuatim oblonga, colu- melld contorto-recurvd et liratd. THE TUBERCLED TEREBRA. rather thin, transparent-ash, livid-purple towards the Shell pyramidally subulate, apex, obscurely red-spotted next the suture, whorls slopingly flattened, divided at the upper part by a May, 1860. ‘ TEREBRA.—Puate XIV. groove, conspicuously corded and tubercularly grained at the margin, beneath the groove smooth, shining, then grained in longitudinal rows ; aperture arcuately oblong, columella twistedly recurved and ridged. Hrinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 154. Thes. Couch. pl. 43. f. 48. Hab. Panama (in sandy mud, at a depth of from four to eleven fathoms); Cuming. San Blas, California ; Hinds. Well distinguished by its spiral collar of tubercles, and smoothness beneath, followed by delicate rows of granules extending longitudinally to the base. Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA BIFRONS. er. testd subulatd, spadiceo-fused, obscure rufescente-fasciatd, anfractibus convewis, indi- visis, granulis pallidis quadriseriatim cinctis, anfractu ultimo multigranato ; apertura ovata, fauce castaneo tincta, columella brevi, recta. THE TWO-FACED TEREBRA. Shell subulate, fawn-brown, obscurely rufous-banded, whorls convex, undivided, encircled with four rows of pale granules, last whorl many-grained; aperture ovate, chestnut-tinged within, columella short, straight. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 155. Hab. Japan (in sandy mud in deep water); Dr. Siebold. A rather dull fawn-brown shell, faintly stained with a reddish band, and encircled with granules, which appear in pale relief. In place of the usual groove encircling the upper part of the whorls, there is only the merest con- cavity. Species 63. (Mus. Cuming.) TreREBRA SowrErRByANaA. Ter. testa subulato-turrita, versus basin subventricosd, eburned, carneo pallide fas- ciatd, anfractibus declivi-convewis, superné sulco im- presso late divisis, longitudinaliter undato-plicatis, pli- cis distantibus, interstitiis sulcis tenuibus linearibus clathratis ; aperturd arcuato-oblongd, columella pro- ductd, valde contorta. Sowersy’s TereBra. Shell subulately turreted, rather ventricose towards the base, ivory-white, encircled with pale flesh tint, whorls slopingly convex, broadly divided round the upper part by an impressed groove, longitudinally wave-plicated, plaits distant, interstices latticed with fine linear grooves; aperture arcuately oblong, columella produced, very much twisted. Desuayes, Journ. de Conch. 1857. Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, West Africa (in sandy mud at low water); Mr. Deal. A delicate Cerithium-like shell, chiefly distinguished by the widely separated arrangement of the longitudinal plaits. aa Terebra PLXI Vincent Broaks, del. et th powerby TEREBRA. Prate XV. Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA CHLATA. Ter. testd acute tereti, pellucido- albd, anfractibus plano-convevis, superne sulco divisis, utringue suleum oblique granatis, undique profunde clathrato-celatis ; apertura parva, columella contorto- recurvd. cARvED TEREBRA. Shell sharply terete, transpa- rent-white, whorls flatly convex, divided by a groove at the upper part, obliquely grained on each side the groove, deeply lattice-carved throughout ; aperture small, columella twistedly recurved. Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 30. pl. 10. f. 22. Hab. China; Belcher. Remarkable for the high relief in which the elaborate lattice-work of this species is carved throughout. THE Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA ALBO-MARGINATA. . Ter. testd acute turritd, vivide aurantid, albo-marginald, anfractibus planis, superne sulco divisis, utrinque sulcum oblique crenatis, deinde spiraliter liratis, interstitiis pertusis ; apertura parva, columella contorto-recurvd. THE WHITE-EDGED TEREBRA. Shell sharply turreted, bright-orange, edged with white, whorls flat, divided at the upper part by a groove, obliquely crenated on each side the groove, then spirally ridged, the inter- stices pricked ; aperture small, columella twistedly recurved. Desuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 314. Hab. Australia; Cuming. Very conspicuous in respect of colour, the shell being bright-orange, except round the margin of the whorls, where it is edged with white, and encircled throughout with ridges, the interstices between which are pricked. Species 66. (Mus. Cuming.) TereBrRa sprotina. er. testd acute turritd, fulves- cente-albi, subpellucidd, anfractibus planis, subventri- cosis, spiraliter striato-liratis, superne biseriatim grano- gemmatis; aperturd parvd, columella subproductd, contorto-recurva. THE WREATHED TEREBRA. Shell sharply terete, fulvous- white, somewhat transparent, whorls flat and rather ventricose, spirally striately ridged, gemmed round the upper part with two rows of granules; aperture small, columella rather produced and twistedly re- curved. Apams and Regve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 30. pl. 10. f, 20. Hab. Japan; Belcher. This little Japanese species, collected by Captain Sir Edward Belcher during the voyage of the ‘Samarang,’ belongs to the same delicately carved type as 7. straminea and ¢riseriata. The shell is composed of fewer whorls than either of those species. Species 67. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA PURA. er. testd elongato-subulatd, nitente-albd, anfractibus latis, convewiusculis, superné sulco impresso obsolete divisis, oblique concentricé plicatis, plicis sub- distantibus, tenuibus, versus aperturam gradatim eva- nidis ; aperturd oblongo-ovatd, columella subrecta. Tue pure TereBrRa. Shell elongately subulate, shining white, whorls broad, rather convex, obsoletely divided at the upper part by an impressed groove, obliquely concentrically plaited, plaits rather distant, thin, gra- dually fading towards the aperture ; aperture oblong- ovate, columella nearly straight. DesHayes, Journ. de Conch. 1857. Hab. Zanzibar. Of the same type as 7’. Senegalensis, from the opposite side of the African continent, the characteristics of the species being all very feebly developed. Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA RADULA. er. testa subulato-turritd, castaneo- rufescente, subindistinctd albo-marginatd, anfractibus subrotundatis, undique validissime granoso-clathratis, superne sulco divisis ; apertura ovata, columella vir recta. Tue rasp TeREBRA. Shell subulately turreted, chestnut- red, rather indistinctly white-margined, whorls some- what rounded, very strongly grain-latticed through- out, divided at the upper part by a groove; aperture ovate, columella nearly straight. Hrnps, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1843, p. 155. May, 1860. TEREBRA.—Prate XV. Heb. Puerto Portrero, west coast of Central America (dredged from coral sand, at the depth of thirteen fathoms) ; Cuming. This species, described from a unique specimen in the collection of Mr. Cuming, has a remarkably strongly- grained surface throughout. Species 69. (Mus. Cuming.) TrreBra TorQuATA. er. testd acuminato-turritd, spa- diced, fuscescente late interrupte fasciata, anfractibus plano-concavis, validé crebré clathratis, superne bise- riatim tuberculato-granatis ; aperturd pared, columella contorto-recurvd. THE COLLAR-BOUND TEREBRA. reted, fawn-coloured, broadly interruptedly banded with light-brown, whorls concavely flattened, strongly closely latticed, encircled round the upper part with two rows of tubereular grains; aperture small, colu- mella twistedly recurved. Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 30. pl. 10. 1b 1B}. Hab. Nagasaki Bay, Japan; Belcher. A very characteristic species, very strongly latticed Shell acuminately tur- throughout, while the whorls are surmounted by a conspi- cuous double collar of tubercular grains. Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA CIRCUMCINCTA. ritd, solidiuscula, alba, strigis nonnullis raris flavi- Ter. testa subcylindraceo-tur- dulis irregulariter sparsd, anfractibus plano-convexis, indivisis, sulcis linearibus pertusis, quatuor ad sex, equi- distantibus cingulatis ; aperturd parva, columellé brevi, rect. THE CINCTURED TEREBRA. Shell somewhat cylindrically turreted, rather solid, white, irregularly sprinkled with a few, scarce, yellowish streaks, whorls flatly convex, undivided, encircled with four to six equidis- tant pricked linear grooves ; aperture small, columella short, straight. Desuayes, Journ. de Conch. 1857. Hab. Red Sea. Port Curtis, Australia; Stutchbury. A very distinct species, with somewhat the aspect of a Mitre. The whorls, which are not divided at the upper part, are encircled throughout at regular distances with narrow, deeply excavated, linear, pricked grooves. Terebra Pl. XV. ie Vincent Brooks Imp TEREBRA. Pirate XVI. Species 12. (Fig. b, ce, Mus. Cuming ; Fig. d, e, Mus. Deshayes.) TEREBRA VARIEGATA. Plate IV. its growth, and quoted as synonyms as many as seven other species of different authors. I now give figures of four of the most striking forms. Tig. 12 4 represents a variety from the mouth of the Gambia, West Africa, named intertincta by Mr. Hinds and marginata by M. Deshayes; and the shell Fig. 12c¢ is a lighter variety of the same form from the same locality. These pass by al- most insensible gradations into the noduled variety of 7. armillata, Fig. 72 6, which is a native of Panama, and are In describing this species at I have remarked on the variable character of scarcely distinguishable from a variety inhabiting California, named by Mr. Carpenter MWyurella albocincta. The varieties of 7. variegata, represented at Fig. 12d and 12 e, from the collection of M. Deshayes, illustrate the form of this species which has the nearest relationship with 7. aspera, and are identical with specimens marked by Mr. Hinds in Mr. Cuming’s collection “7. aspera, var.,” collected by him at Monte Christi, West Columbia, Species 71. (Mus. Cumming.) TEREBRA PULCHELLA. vescente-spadiced, ferrugineo sparsim tinctd, basi albo cinctd, anfractibus concavo-planatis, longitudinaliter arcuatim tenuiplicatis, sulco superné divisis, sulco utrogue latere crenato, margine prominente, tumido ; apertura oblongd, columella subrectd, ad basin paulu- lum recurvo. THe pRerry TereBra. Shell subulately turreted, yel- lowish-fawn, sparingly stained with rust, base banded with white, whorls concavely flattened longitudinally arcuately finely plicated, divided at the upper part by Ter. test subulato-turrita, fla- | a groove, crenated on each side of the groove, mar- gin prominent, swollen; aperture oblong, columella nearly straight, a little recurved at the base. Drsuayes, Journ. de Conch. 1857. Hab, China Seas. The whorls of this species are peculiarly concave and arcuately plaited, and the margin, which is divided off by the encircling groove, has a swollen appearance. Species 72. (Fig. a, Mus. Deshayes ; Fig. 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA ARMILLATA. Ter. testd subulato-turritd, fusca aut lividd, ferrugineo et albo obscure fasciatd et macu- lata, anfractibus declivi-concavis, longitudinaliter irre- gulariter plicatis, spiraliter liratis et sulcatis, sulco superne divisis, margine prominulo, interdum valide ob- lique nodulatis ; aperturd oblonga, columella contorto- recured. BRACELET-ENCIRCLED TEREBRA. Shell subulately turreted, brown or livid, obscurely banded and spotted with rust and white, whorls slopingly concave, lon- gitudinally irregularly plicated, spirally ridged and grooved, divided by a groove at the upper part, mar- gin prominent, sometimes strongly obliquely noduled ; aperture oblong, columella twistedly recurved. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 154. Terebra ulbicostata, Adams and Reeve. Hab. Panama and Galapagos Islands (in sandy mud, at a depth of from five to twelve fathoms); Cuming. It is somewhat doubtful whether this is not a variety of 7. variegata. The specimen from M. Deshayes’ collec- tion is identical with specimens collected by Mr. Cuming at the Galapagos Islands. The strongly noduled dark variety is from Panama. THE June, 1860. whe oust wih 1 a Abe yi slne Aphjiin : a. wil on Ve \ Aer iw, OE Voie he, 4 Hi Sighs, 4 1s ag gs a falls i w P re ‘ ; wep ae soe 1 Ceigels o iW ee Hey oat ay) y's a, t fall fel il wine is LF yen ons edit © ane He. itis 7 Jynls ; : i} rity) el ee alr pete Gtaihy) eed De es RL un te Safir be! 4} Terebra Pl. XH. Vince ViTicent TEREBRA. Prats XVII. Species 73. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA USTULATA. castaned, vel albidé ad basin pallidé castaned, an- Ter. testé conico-subulatd, pallide fractibus convexis, longitudinaliter confertin plicatis, superne late profunde impressis ; apertura ovata, colu- mella subcontortd. Tue scorcHep Terepra. Shell conically subulate, pale chestnut, or white stained with pale chestnut at the base, whorls convex, longitudinally closely plaited, broadly deeply impressed round the upper part ; aperture ovate, columella slightly twisted. Desuayes, Journ. de Conch. 1857. Hab. Tasmania. The upper portion of the whorls of this species are characterized by an unusually broad excavated depression. Species 74. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA Dituwyni. Ter. ceylindraced, fulvescente-carned, infra suturam purpureo testd conico-subulata, sub- maculata, anfractibus declivi-convexis, undique longi- tudinaliter tenuiplicatis, sulco superné divisis, plicis albidis ; apertura quadrato-ovatd, columella brevi, con- tortd. Dittwyn’s TerEBRA. Shell conically subulate, some- what cylindrical, yellowish flesh-tint, purple-spotted beneath the suture, whorls slopingly convex, longi- tudinally finely plicated throughout, divided at the upper part by a groove, plaits whitish; aperture squarely ovate, columella short, twisted. DesHayes, Journ. de Conch. 1857. Hab, Japan. A delicately sculptured and delicately painted species, partaking, however, somewhat of the character and general aspect of P. Senegalensis. Species 75. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA SPECILLATA. er. testd gracile turritd, valde acuminata, albidd, livido-carneo sparsim ampliter tessel- latd, margine suturali rufo irregulariter maculato, an- fractibus convexo-planis, liris undique clathratis, sulco superné divisis ; apertura parviusculd, columella recta. Tue prope TrEReBrRa. Shell slenderly turreted, very acuminated, whitish, sparingly largely tessellated with livid flesh-colour, sutural margin irregularly spotted with red, whorls convexly flattened, everywhere |at- ticed with ridges, divided at the upper part by an impressed groove ; aperture rather small, columella straight. Hips, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 155. Hab. San Blas, Mexico (in seven fathoms, sandy mud) ; Hinds. A somewhat roughly carved species, sparingly and more or less obscurely tessellated with large livid-flesh blotches, and spotted at the sutural margin with dark red. Species 76. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA PLICATA. siusculd, lutescente-albd, pellucido-carneo pallidé fas- ciatd, anfractibus declivi-planatis, Ter. testa subulatd, versus basin obe- ultimo tumido, longitudinaliter flexuose tenuiplicatis, spiraliter sub- tilissime pertuso-sulcatis, supernée sulco late divisis ; apertura suboblongd, columella constricté, contorto- recurvd. THE PLAITED TEREBRA. Shell subulate, rather stout at the base, yellowish-white, faintly banded with trans- parent flesh-tint, whorls slopingly flattened, the last swollen, longitudinally flexuously thinly plicated, spirally very finely prick-grooved, broadly divided by a groove round the upper part; aperture rather ob- long, columella constricted, twistedly recurved. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 61. Hab. Guayaquil (in seven fathoms, sady mud) ; Cuming. There is a transparent delicacy in this shell which can- not be conveyed by a figure; the plaits are whitish, upon a livid-flesh ground. Species 77. (Mus. Cuming.) TPEREBRA RAPHANULA. Ter. testd subcylindraceo-tereti, albidd, maculis aurantiis longitudinaliter quadratis tessellatd, margine suturali rufo punctato, nitente, anfractibus plano-convevis, superne sulco acuto divisis, longitudinaliter dense plicatis, plicis in anfractu ultimo evanidis ; apertura subangustd, columella recta. Tun LITTLE RADISH TEREBRA. Shell somewhat cylin- June, 1860. TEREBRA.—Prate XVII. drically terete, whitish, tessellated with longitudinally square orange spots, red-dotted at the sutural mar- gin, shining, whorls flatly convex, divided at the upper part by a sharp groove, longitudinally closely puckered, the folds disappearing on the last whorl ; aperture rather narrow, columella straight. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 246. Hab, Amboyna. Partaking of the character of 7’. cingula and Senegalensis, but more slender and shining, and more distinctly tessel- lated with colour. Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.) TeREBRA Soueyeri. Ter. rufescente-grised, immaculatd, anfractibus declivi-con- testd elongato-acuminatd, vexis, angustis, sulco pertuso superne divisis, longitudi- naliter dense flexuoso-costatis, interstitits spiraliter elevato-striatis ; apertura parva, columella brevissimd, cylindraceo-contortd. Souneyer’s TEREBRA. Shell elongately acuminated, reddish-grey, unspotted, whorls slopingly convex, narrow, divided at the upper part by a pricked groove, longitudinally closely flexuously ribbed, interstices spirally elevately striated; aperture small, columella very short, cylindrically twisted. Desuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 303. Hab, Gulf of Mexico. A well-marked species, known only by a single speci- men in the collection of M. Deshayes. It is crowded with flowing ribs, somewhat after the manner of 7. larve- formis, and the encircling groove is represented by a row of deep pricks in the interstices. 7’. difficilis is very simi- lar, with a Jess twisted columella. Species 79. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA ALBIDA. Ter. testdé subulatd, ad basin ventri- cosa, eburned, ferrugineo interdum pallidissime tincta, anfractibus concavo-planatis, levibus, ultimo rotundato, sutura subacutd ; apertura ovata, subeffusd, columella brevi, contortd. THE WHITISH TEREBRA. Shell subulate, ventricose at the base, ivory-white, sometimes very faintly stained with rust, whorls concavely flattened, smooth, last whorl rounded, suture rather sharp ; aperture ovate, rather effused, columella short, twisted. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 63. Hab. Australia. The encireling groove of this species is a mere concave depression, ‘The last whorl has a peculiar rounded form. Terebra Pl. XVI. 323. TEREBRA. PLate XVIII. Species 80. (Mus, Cuming.) TEREBRA AM@NA. ad suturas albo rubroque alternatim maculata et fas- Ter. testd turritd, subangusta, fulvd, ciatd, anfractibus convexo-planatis, longitudinaliter plicato-liratis, spiratiter lineari-sulcatis, sulco pertuso superne divisis ; aperturd parviusculd, columellé parum contorta. THE PLEASANT TEREBRA. Shell turreted, rather narrow, yellowish, banded and alternately spotted at the su- tures with white and red, whorls convexly flattened, ridged, spirally grooved, divided at the upper part by a pricked groove; aperture rather small, columella but little longitudinally _ plicately linearly twisted. Desnayrs, Journ. de Conch, 1857. Hab. China Seas. Described from a single specimen in Mr. Cuming’s col- lection, in good condition, and apparently very distinct. Species 81. (Fig. a, 6, Mus, Cuming.) TEREBRA HASTATA. Ter. testd elongato-cylindraced, basi carinatd, interdum gracile exserta, alba, subporcellaned, fulvo-aurantio varie fasciatd aut tessellate strigatd, anfractibus planatis, indivisis, superné dense plicatis, plicis ad suturas productis, interdum in costis descen- dentibus ; apertura parviusculd, columella breviusculd, appresse arcuata. THE SPEAR-LIKE TrereBRA. Shell elongately eylindri- cal, keeled at the base, sometimes slenderly exserted, white, somewhat porcellaneous, variously banded or tessellately streaked with fulvous-orange, whorls flat- tened, undivided, closely plicated round the upper part, plaits produced at the sutures, sometimes de- scending in ribs; aperture rather small, columella rather short, appressly arched. Buccinum hastatum, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3502. Terebra hastata, Kiener. Terebra costata, Menke. Terebra albula, Menke. Terebra casta, Hinds. Terebra mera, Hinds. Terebra incolor, Deshayes. Terebra bipartita, Deshayes. Terebra crassula, Deshayes. Hab. Honduras. West Indies. Sandwich and Philippine Islands. Australia. This widely-distributed species, varying in slenderness and definition of sculpture according to habitat, has been described seven times over. that has no encircling groove. It is one of the few species Species 82. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA Brucuiert. Ter. testd pyramidali-turritd, candida, ad apicem basinque rosea, maculis grandibus aurantiis obscure tessellatd, anfractibus declivi-con- vewis, densissime clathratis, superne sulco late divisis, ultimo subventricoso ; aperturd ovata, columella bre- viusculd, contortd. Brucurere’s Terepra, Shell pyramidally turreted, white, pink at the base and apex, obscurely tessellated with large orange blotches, whorls slopingly convex, very densely latticed, broadly divided at the upper part by a groove, last whorl rather ventricose ; aper- ture ovate, columella rather short, twisted. Desuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 297. Terebra Hindsi, Deshayes (not of Carpenter). Hab, China. Very closely allied to 7. Peasei, from the Sandwich Is- lands; indeed, it is not improbable that they may prove to be varieties of the same species. Species 83. (Fig. 83 and 84, Mus. Deshayes.) TEREBRA UNDULATA. apice acuminata, flavicante vel aurantid, ad suturam Ter. testa cylindraceo-elongatd, albinodosd, anfractibus dense undato-costatis, superne sulco pertuso divisis, costis tumidis, interstitiis an- gustis, pertuso-sulcatis ; aperturd parviusculd, colu- melld subrectd. Tue waved Teresra. Shell cylindrically elongated, acuminated at the apex, yellowish or orange, white- noduled at the sutures, whorls densely wave-ribbed, divided at the upper part by a pricked groove, ribs swollen, interstices narrow, prick-grooved ; aperture rather small, columella nearly straight. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 60. Terebra approximata, Deshayes. Hab. Philippine Islands (in four fathoms, sandy mud); Cuming. June, 1860. TEREBRA.—P.iate XVIII. The shell represented at Fig. 83 is the type of M. Deshayes, 7. approximata, and I had intended to adopt it. T cannot, however, bring my mind to think that it is dis- tinct from Z. wndulata, of which a more typical example is given at Fig. 84. Species 85. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA SYRIGILATA. Ter, livido-cinered vel lutescente, infra suturas fascid alba purpureo-punctata cingulatd, ad basin albifasciatd, anfractibus planatis, indivisis, longitudinaliter dense plicatis ; apertura parva, columella breviusculd, parum testd aciculari-subulata, contortd. THE COMBED TrEREBRA. Shell acicularly subulate, livid- ash or yellowish, encircled with a white purple-dotted band below the sutures, white-banded at the base, whorls flaitened, undivided, longitudinally densely plicated ; aperture small, columella rather short, but little twisted. Buecinum strigilatum, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1206. Terebra strigilata, Lamarck. Terchra Verreauxi, Deshayes. Terebra Matheroniana, Deshayes. Terebra modesta, Deshayes. Terebra acumen, Deshayes. Terebra Argenvillei, Deshayes. Lerebra concinna, Deshayes. Hab. Philippine Islands, Sandwich Islands, New Guinea. A careful examination and comparison of the actual types of the species quoted above as synonyms has satis- fied me, without occasion of doubt, that they are all differ- ent states, not very greatly varying, of the well-known T’. strigilata, Species 86. (Mus. Deshayes.) TEREBRA DIFFICILIS. Ter. testd elongato-turritd, curneo- albd, anfractibus convexo-planis, subangustis, densis- sime costellatis, sulco superné divisis ; apertura pared, columella subcontorta. Tun pirricutr Trrepra. Shell elongately turreted, flesh-white, whorls convexly flattened, rather narrow, very densely finely ribbed, divided at the upper part by a groove; aperture small, columella slightly twisted. Desuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 304. Hab. % A shell of solid growth, partaking somewhat of the cha- racter of 7. larveformis, in which the fine ribs are so crowded as almost to lap one upon the other. It comes nearer even to 7. Souleyeti. Species 87. (Mus. Deshayes.) TEREBRA SUBANGULATA. Ter. flavidd, anfractibus superne rudé angulatis, sulco line- ari divisis, longitudinaliter costatis, interstitiis elevuto- striatis ; aperturd parvd, subangustd, columella sub- testa anguste subulatd, contortd, basi recurva. THE SLIGHTLY ANGLED Trerepra. Shell narrowly su- bulate, yellowish, whorls rudely angled round the upper part, divided by a linear groove, longitudinally ribbed, interstices elevately striated; aperture small, rather narrow, columella slightly twisted, recurved at the base. Desuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 300. Hab. ? Described from a single specimen in M. Deshayes’s col- lection, not in a very good state, the shell being more or less incrusted with reddish matter. Terebra Pl XIX. I3 a ted bat ue wd TEREBRA. Puate XIX. Species 88. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA TESSELLATA. vr. testd acuminato-turritd, ni- tente-alba, rufo-castaneo biseriatim maculaté, anfrac- tibus concavo-planis, levibus, superne sulco divisis, margine tumido, crenato; aperturd pared, columella rect, carinata. THE TESSELLATED TEREBRA. Shell acuminated, turreted, shining-white, encircled with two rows of reddish- chestnut spots, whorls concavely flattened, smooth, divided at the upper part by a groove, margin swollen, crenated; aperture small, columella straight, keeled. Gray, Pro. Zool Soe. 1834. Terebra decorata, Deshaves. Hab. Vidang, Sumatra. Couspicuously characterized by a double row of reddish- chestnut spots, while the swollen sutural margin is of a more opaque white than the rest of the shell. Species 89. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA ALVEOLATA. Ter, testd attenuate turritd, pel- lucido-carned, aurantio-fuscescente tinctd, maculis par- vis rufo-castaneis ad suturas et ad basin cingulatd, anfractibus plano-convewis, in interstitiis pertusis, su- perné sulco divisis, margine tumidiusculo, crenato ; apertura parvd, columella recta, ad basin carinatd et recurevd. THE GUITERED TEREBRA. Shell attenuately turreted, transparent flesh-colour, stained with orange-brown, encircled at the sutures and at the base with small reddish-chestnut spots, whorls flatly convex, pricked in the interstices, divided by a groove at the upper part, margin rather swollen, crenated ; aperture small, columella straight, keeled and recurved at the base. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 151. Hab. Straits of Malacca; Cuming. A delicately tinted, attenuately acuminated shell, en- circled with two distant red-spotted whitish bands, one of which, on the sutural collar, covers the lower band of the preceding whorl as the shell advances in growth. Species 90. (Mus. Taylor.) TEREBRA LIGATa. Ter. testé acuminato-turritd, albidd, maculis rufo-castaneis transverse oblongis biseriatim cincta, anfractibus concavo-planatis, liris tenuibus clathratis, sulco superne divisis, margine supra et infra tumidis et tuberculato-crenatis ; aperturé par- viusculd, columellé recta, ad basin contorlo-recurva. TIED TereBRA. Shell acuminately turreted, whitish, encircled with two rows of transversely oblong red- dish-chestnut spots, whorls concavely flattened, lat- ticed with fine ridges, divided at the upper part by a groove, margin on both sides swollen and tubercu- lately crenated; aperture rather small, columella THE straight, twistedly recurved at the base. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 153. Hab. Marquesas Islands (in sandy mud, at seven fathoms) ; Hinds. An elegantly formed and conspicuously painted species, the upper part of the whorls being encircled by a double crenated collar, on the marginal one of which is the upper- most row of transversely obloug spots. Species 91. (Fig. a, Mus. Taylor, Fig. 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA MARMORATA. Ter. testd pyramidali-turritd, albd, maculis quadratis grandibus fusco-ferrugineis tessellata, ad marginem suturalem saturate maculata, ad basin fasciatd, anfractibus declivi-converis, longi- tudinaliter plicato-costatis, in interstitiis pertusis ; aperturdé oblongo-ovatd, columella contorto-recurvd. THE MARBLED TEREBRA. white, tessellated with large fuscous-fawn square blotches, darker spotted at the sutural margin, banded at the base, whorls slopingly convex, longitudinally plicately ribbed, pricked in the interstices; aperture oblong-ovate, columella twistedly recurved. DesuaYes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1849. Hab. Port Curtis, Australia; Stutchbury. Shell pyramidally turreted, A shining pyramidally acuminated shell, tessellated throughout with large square blotches of fuseous fawn- colour, which on the sutural margin are stained with spots of chestnut-red. The usual encircling groove is repre- sented only by a more prominent depression of the punc- tures. Species 92. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA COPULA. er. testa acuminato-turritd, olivaceo- brunned, nitente, ad marginem suturalem maculis cas- June, 1860. . TEREBRA.—Prate XIX. taneis obliquis cingulata, anfractibus declivi-convexis, arcuatim tenuiplicatis, sulco superne divisis, plicis pallidioribus ; apertura parviusculd, columella recta, breviusculd. THE DoG’s coLLAR TerEBRA. Shell acuminately tur- reted, olive-brown, shining, encircled at the sutural margin with oblique. chestnut spots, whorls slopingly convex, arcuately finely plicated, divided by a groove at the upper part, plaits paler; aperture rather small, columella straight, rather short. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 151. Hab. Guinea (on the sands); Humphreys. An extremely beautiful and characteristic species, of an olive or bright shining brown, encircled throughout be- neath the suture with a collar of obliquely square chestnut spots. Species 93. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA SPECTABILIS. Tey. testa elongato-turritd, plum- beo-ceruled aut purpureo-fuscd, fascia alba cingulata, anfractibus convexis, longitudinaliter plicatis, superne sulco et depressione latiusculd divisis, plicis supra et infra graniformibus ; apertura oblonga, parviusculd, fauce castaneo-fuscd, columellé recta, ad basin carinata “et leviter recurvd. The GRacEFUL TrErEBRA. Shell elongately turreted, leaden-blue or purple-brown, encircled by a white band, whorls convex, longitudinally plicated, divided at the upper part by a groove and by a rather broad depression, plaits above and below grain-like; aper- ture oblong, rather small, interior chestnut-brown, columella straight, keeled and slightly recurved at the base. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 150. Terebra geminata, Deshayes. Hab. Guinea (on the sands) ; Humphreys. the sands) ; Cuming. Sumatra (on A gracefully convoluted species, encircled by a marked depression, next which the plaits, both above and below, are as it were grain-tipped. M Deshayes’ 7. geminata is a purple-brown variety of smaller size, from Natal. Species 94. (Mus. Cuming.) Treresra appita. Ter. testa subcylindraceo-turrita, ai- bido-grised, obscure fasciatd, anfractibus convexo-pla- natis, longitudinaliter dense plicatis, superne sulco de- presso divisis; apertura oblongo-ovatd, parviusculd. columella recta. Tue appED TrrEBRra. Shell somewhat cylindrically turreted, whitish-grey, obscurely banded, whorls con- vexly flattened, longitudinally densely plicated, di- vided at the upper part by a depressed groove ; aper- ture oblong-ovate, rather small, columella straight. Desuayes, Journ. de Conch. 1857. Hab. Tasmania. This comes very near the preceding species, but the whorls are flatter and fewer, and the spiral depression is less defined. Terebra Pl. XX. 96a TEREBRA. Puate XX. Species 95. (Fig. a, Mus. Crosse, Fig. 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA VENOSA. Ter. test gracili-subulatd, albd, sepis- sume ceruleo-fasciatd, rufo maculata et promiscue ve- nosd, anfractibus plano-convevis, interdum undique pli- cato-costatis, interdum primis plicato-costatis, ceteris levibus, punctis superné divisis ; aperturd parva, colu- mella brevi, appresse arcuatd. THE VEINED TEREBRA. Shell slenderly subulate, white, banded with blue, spotted and promiseuously veined with red, whorls slightly convex, sometimes plicately ribbed throughout, sometimes the first whorls pli- cately ribbed, the rest smooth, divided at the upper part with a row of punctures; aperture smali, colu- wella short, appressly arched. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1848, p. 157. Terebra Crossei, Deshayes. Hab. \udian Ocean ; Deshayes. This very interesting species M. Kiener confounded with 7. danceata. M. Deshayes on the other hand has deseribed a small richly-coloured plicately-ribbed speci- men in the collection of M. Crosse, Fig. 954, as a new All the varieties are plicately ribbed on the first few whorls. When plicately ribbed through- out, the shell, like the granulated varieties of Cones, is smaller than when it is smooth. species, 7. Crossei. Species 96. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA LEPIDA. cili, fulvo-spadiced, obscure fasciatd, infra suturas con- spicue purpureo-rufo maculata, interdum omuino pel- lucido-alba, anfractibus convexo-planatis, indivisis, longitudinaliter varicoso-plicatis ; apertura parvd, ap- Ter. testa cylindraceo-subulatd, gra- presse arcuatd, deinde recta. Tue prerry Teresra. Shell cylindrically subulate, slender, fulvous-fawn, obscurely banded, conspicuously spotted with purple-red beneath the sutures, some- times altogether transparent-white, whorls convexly flattened, undivided, longitudinally varicosely pli- cated; aperture small, appressly arched, theu straight. Hinps, Pro, Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 158. Hab. Guinea (on the sands) ; Humphreys. In this very delicate species the whorls have no en- circling groove, and the longitudinal plaits have therefore a continuous varix-hke development. Species 97. (Mus. Cuming.) TerReBRA JUKESII. Ter. testd subobeso-subulata, livido- cinered vel plumbed, immaculatd, anfractu ultimo pal- lide albifasciato, anfractibus latiusculis, convexis, lon- gitudinaliter tenuiplicatis, superne sulco divisis ; aper- turd pared, subangustd, columella recta, carinatd. Jukgs’s Trrepra. Shell rather stoutly subulate, livid- ash, or lead colour, unspotted, last whorl encircled with a faint whitish band, whorls rather broad, convex, longitudinally thinly plicated, divided at the upper part by a groove; aperture small, rather nar- row, columella straight, keeled. Desuayes, Journ. de Conch. 1857. Hab. Port Essington, Australia ; Jukes. Chiefly distinguished by a delicately plaited veined sculpture on a livid ground. Species 98. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA PENICILLATA. Ter. testd subulatd, subcylin- draced, solidiusculd, albidd, lineis rufis longitudinaliter venosd, anfractibus plano-convexis, indivisis, primis plicato-costatis, ceteris levibus ; apertura parvd, colu- melld appresse arcuald, recta. THE PENCILLED TEREBRA. Shell subulate, somewhat cylindrical, rather solid, white, longitudinally veined with red lines, whorls flatly convex, undivided, the first plicately ribbed, the rest smooth; aperture small, columella appressly arched, straight. Huinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 157. Hab. Seychelle Islands. This species may prove to be a variety of 7. venosa, in which the encircling blue band is wanting. Species 99. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA PUNCTICULATA. Ter. testé conico-subulata, crassiusculd, luteo-albd, aurantio tinctd vel tessellaté, anfractibus declivi-convexis, longitudinaliter dens? pli- cato-costatis, in interstiliis pertusis, superné sulco di- June, 1860. TEREBRA.—Puate XX. visis, margine suturali tumidiusculo, plicis obliquis ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, columella vix recta, carinata. PUNCTURED TuREBRA. Shell conically subulate, rather thick, yellowish-white, stained or tessellated with orange, whorls slopingly convex, longitudinally closely plicately ribbed, pricked in the interstices, divided at the upper part by a groove, sutural mar- gin rather swollen, plaits oblique ; aperture oblong- ovate, columella nearly straight, keeled. DesuayeEs, Pro Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 280. Terebra Peasii, Deshayes. Hab. Sandwich Islands ; Pease. THE A solid closely-sculptured shell, in which the sutural margin has rather a swollen appearance. Species 100. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA CALIGINOSA. Ter. testa gracili-subulatd, sa- turate livido-purpured, anfractibus declivi-planatis, indivisis, longitudinaliter varicoso-costatis ; apertura | pared, columella ad basin subrecurvda. THe DAkK TreREBRA. Shell slenderly subulate, dark livid-purple, whorls slopingly flattened, undivided, longitudinally varicosely ribbed; aperture small, colu- mella slightly recurved at the base. Desnayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 287. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. This species is founded on a single specimen in Mr Cuming’s collection, of a dark livid-olive or lead-colour Species 101. (Fig. a, Mus. Taylor, Fig. 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA BuccinuLuM. Ter. testé subulatd, ad basin ven- tricosd, albida vel pallide castaned, anfractibus declivi- convexis, levibus, indivisis ; apertura ovata, columellé appresse arcuatd. THe BucctinuM-LIKE TEREBRA. Shell subulate, ventri- cose at the base, white or pale chestnut, whorls slopingly convex, smooth, undivided ; aperture ovate columella appressly arched. Dersuayes, Journ. de Conch. 1857. Hab. Kast coast of Australia. A smooth species, intermediate in its character betwee: Terebra and Buccinun. Terebra Pl. UL. M09 b 1/0 Vincent Brooks, Jp Sowerby, del.et Lith TEREBRA. Piate XXI. Species 102. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA TRISTIS. Ter. testd conico-turritd, flavescente- albd, livido-purpurascente late bifasciatd, anfractibus convewis, indivisis, concentrice plicato-costatis, costis in anfractu ultimo evanidis ; apertura ovatd, columella contorto-recurvd. THE saD TereBrRa. Shell conically turreted, yellowish- white, encircled with two broad livid-purple bands, whorls convex, undivided, concentrically plicately ribbed, ribs fading on the last whorl; aperture ovate, columella twistedly recurved. Desuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 306. Hab. Japan. The lower of the two broad purple bands of this species is covered in all but the last whorl. Species 103. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA LONGISCATA. Ter. testd aciculari subulatd, livide fusco-grised, anfractibus declivi-convexis, sulco superne divisis, oblique validé plicato-costatis, costis subangulatis, interstitiis elevato-striatis ; apertura ovatd, columella ad basin productd et recurvd. THE LENGTHENED TEReEBRA. Shell acicularly subulate, livid fuscous-grey, whorls slopingly convex, divided at the upper part by a groove, obliquely strongly plicately ribbed, ribs rather angular, interstices ele- vately striated; aperture ovate, columella produced and recurved at the base. Drsuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 294. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. This species, described from a single small specimen collected by Mr. Cuming at the Philippine Islands, ap- proaches very nearly to the larger shell, Pl. XXII. Sp. 116, which I have named JZ. livida. There is, however, a difference of form as well as of outline, the ribs are closer, and the striz in the interstices are not excavated, as in that species, but raised. Species 104. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA ROSEATA. Ter. testa obeso-aciculari, subcylin- draced, eximie rosea, anfractibus convexis, sulco pertuso superne divisis, undique dense plicato-costatis, inter- stitiis lineari-sulcatis ; apertura pared, subobliqué con- tractd, columella laminatd carinatd, contorto-recurva. THE ROSEATE TEREBRA. Shell stoutly acicular, some- what cylindrical, delicate rose-colour, whorls convex, divided at the upper part by a pricked groove, closely plicately ribbed throughout, interstices linearly grooved, aperture small, somewhat obliquely con- tracted, columella laminated, keeled, twistedly re- curved. Apams and Rexve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 30. pl. 10. f, 24. Hab. Sooloo Islands; Belcher. Elaborately sculptured and uniformly tinted throughout with a pure soft rose-colour. = = Species 105. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA NODULARIS. er. testd acuminato-turritd, fla- vescente-albd, anfractibus plano-convexis, longitudina- liter undato-plicatis, sulco profundo lineari superné divisis, supra et infra sulcum tumidis, deinde transver- sim impresso-striatis ; apertura parva, columella con- stricté et contorto-recurva. NODULAR TerEBRA. Shell acuminately turreted, yellowish-white, whorls flatly convex, longitudinally wave-plicated, divided round the upper part by a deep linear groove, swollen above and below the groove, then transversely impressly striated ; aperture small, columella constricted and twistedly recurved. Desuayes, Pro, Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 296. Hab. Sandwich Islands; Pease. THE Though nearly resembling several other species of Tere- bra, an examination of the foregoing description will show that the sculpture of 7. nodularis varies materially in de- tail. Species 106. (Mus. Deshayes.) TEREBRA EXIMIA. midali, candida, ad marginem aurantio-rufo punctatd, Ter. testa elongato-turritd, subpyra- anfractibus numerosis, angustis, planis, supra latinar- ginatis, margine tumidiusculo, oblique crenulato, infra nitide triseriatim granuloso-liratis, interstitiis pertusis, columella carinata, contorto-recurvd. THE DELICATE TEREBRA. somewhat pyramidal, white, dotted at the margin Shell elongately turreted, June, 1860. TEREBRA.—Puate XXI. with orange-red, whorls numerous, narrow, flat, broadly margined above, the margin being rather swollen and obliquely crenulated, encircled below with three granular ridges, the interstices between which are pricked; columella keeled and twistedly recurved. Desnayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 314. Hab. ? A most distinct and elegantly sculptured species, unique in the collection of M. Deshayes. Species 107. (Mus. Deshayes.) TEREBRA OBSOLETA. er. testdé acuminato-subulata, soli- diusculd, sordidé flavidd, ad basin obscure fusco fas- ciata, anfractibus declivi-planatis, ad marginem cal- losis et oblique crenulatis, deinde spiraliter tenuiliratis ; apertura parva, columellé brevi, laminata, ad basin carinaté et contorta. THE OBSOLETE TEREBRA. Shell acuminately subulate, rather solid, dull yellowish, obscurely brown-banded at the base, whorls slopingly flattened, callous and obliquely crenulated at the margin, then spirally finely ridged ; aperture small, columella short, lami- nated, keeled and twisted at the base. DrsHayes, Pro, Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 310. Hab. iy Closely allied to 7’. cingulifera, but of a more acicularly acuminated growth, with the columella shorter at the base. The shell has indications of a brown band at the base, and the sutural margin has a light enamelled ap- pearance. Species 108. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA LHVIGATA. Ter. testé elongato-turritd, gracili, flavida, anfractibus concavo-planis, levigatis, sulco su- perne divisis, deinde spiraliter punctato-striatis, mar- gine suturali tumidiusculo ; apertura ovatd, columella contorto-recurvd. ’ Tue sMoorn TerEBRA. Shell elongately turreted, slen- der, yellowish, whorls concavely flattened, smooth, divided at the upper part by a groove, then spirally puncture-striated, sutural margin rather swollen ; aperture ovate, columella twistedly recurved. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 61. Hab. Ceylon; Dr. Sibbald. This is, I fear, only a slender variety of 7. cingulifera. Species 109. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA TIARELLA. Ter. testd subulatd, purpured vel Sulvescente-spadiced, anfractibus declivi-planulatis, pri- mis paucis longitudinaliter plicato-liratis, ceteris levi- bus, spiraliter impresso-striatis, ad marginem sutura- lem conspicue tuberculato-nodatis ; apertura oblonga, subeffusd, ad basin carinatd et contorto-recurvd. THE LITTLE TIARA TEREBRA. Shell subulate, purple or fulvous fawn, whorls slopingly flattened, the first few longitudinally plicately ridged, the rest smooth, spirally impressly striated, conspicuously tubercularly noduled at the sutural margin; aperture oblong, rather effused, keeled and twistedly recurved at the base. DrsHayes, Journ. de Conch. 1857. Hab. Cape Natal. A comparatively smooth species, neatly coronated with distinct tubercular nodules. Species 110. (Mus Cuming.) TEREBRA KIENDERI. castaned, immaculatd, anfractibus undique concentrice dense plicatis, sulco superné divisis, anfractu ultimo rotundato ; apertura ovatd, collumella brevi, contorto- recurva. Kipnur’s Trresra. Shell conically subulate, pale chest- nut, unspotted, whorls concentrically closely plicated throughout, divided at the upper part by a groove, last whorl rounded ; aperture ovate, columella short, twistedly recurved. Dersnayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 294. Hab. Tasmania. Ter. testa conico-subulatd, pallide A closely plicated shell of a uniform pale chestnut colour throughout. Terebra Pl. Xa. Vincent Brooks, imp Sowerby, del et lith Te EB RAS: PuatE XXII. Species 111. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA PLUMBEA. scente-plumbed, albo marginatd, anfractibus convexo- planatis, longitudinaliter plicato-costatis, levigatis, tnterstitis transversim lineari-sulcatis ; apertura parvd, Ter. testé aciculari-turritd, cerule- subeffusd, columella recta, bicarinatd. THE LEADEN TereBra. Shell acicularly turreted, bluish lead-colour, edged with white, whorls convexly flat- tened, longitudinally plicately ribbed, smooth, inter- stices transversely linearly grooved; aperture small, a little effused, columella straight, double-keeled. Quoy and Garmarp, Moll. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, p. 470. pl. 36. f. 29, 30. Terebra Bourguignati, Deshayes. Hab, Moluccas; Quoy andGaimard. Philippines; Cuming. China; Fortune. The whorls of this species are not divided round the upper part by any groove or change of sculpture, but by a difference of colour. Species 112. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TereBRA picta. Ter. testa elongato-turritd, subcylin- draced, flavescente, ceruleo fasciatd, purpureo-fusco longitudinaliter maculataé aut nebulosd, anfractibus convexis, sulco superné divisis, concentrice plicato-cos- tatis, interstitiis transverse lineari-sulcatis ; apertura parviusculd, oblonga, columelld parum contortd, cari- nata. THE PAINTED TEREBRA. Shell elongately turreted, some- what cylindrical, yellowish, blue-banded, spotted or clouded longitudinally with purple-brown, whorls convex, divided by a groove at the upper part, con- centrically plicately ribbed, interstices transversely linearly grooved; aperture rather small, oblong, columella but little twisted, keeled. Hips, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 156. Terebra cinctella, Deshayes. Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines (in sandy mud, at four fathoms); Cuming. Mouth of the Indus. A prettily blue-banded purple-blotched shell, elongately turreted, but of the same cylindrical outline and sculpture as T. larveformis. Species 113. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA COLUMELLARIS. Ter. testé elongato-subulatd, subpyramidali, albo et rufo-aurantio tessellate macu- latd, anfractibus declivi-convewis, sulco superné divisis, densé undulatim plicato-costatis, interstitiis pertusis, margine suturalt crenato; apertura parva, columellé carinatd, subcontortd et recurvd. THE PILLAR TEREBRA. Shell elongately subulate, some- what pyramidal, tessellately mottled with white and reddish-orange, whorls slopingly convex, divided round the upper part by a groove, closely undulately plicately ribbed, interstices pricked, sutural margin crenated ; aperture small, columella keeled slightly, twisted and recurved. Hips, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 151. Terebra areolata, Adams and Reeve. Hab. Tahiti; Cuming. Very closely allied to 7. undulata, and greatly resem- bling that species in colour; it is of a more slenderly elongated form, the last whorl being thinly ventricose, and the sculpture is finer and closer. Species 114. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA FENESTRATA. Ter. testd acuminato-turritd, pel- lucido-fulvé aut fulvo-fuscd, anfractibus concavo-planis, sulco superné divisis, undique validé clathratis, mar- gine suturali crenato ; aperturd parva, columelld con- stricta, carinatd, contorto-recurva. THE WINDOWED TrEREBRA. Shell acuminately turreted, transparent-fulvous or fulvous-brown, whorls con- cavely flattened, divided round the upper part by a groove, strongly latticed throughout, sutural margin crenated ; aperture small, keeled, twistedly recurved. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 153. Hab. ~—? columella constricted, A very elaborately latticed shell, of semitransparent yellow or fulvous-purple substance, elegantly turreted | throughout. Species 115. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA NITIDA. er. testd subobeso-aciculari, subcylin- draced, pellucido-alba, lividd, anfractibus declivi-pla- June, 1860. TEREBRA.—Puate XXII. natis, varicoso-costatis, superné pertusis, interstitiis ob- solete lineari-sulcatis ; aperturad minimd, oblique con- tractd, columella laminatd, contorto-recurvd. THE SHINING TerEBRA. Shell rather stoutly acicular, somewhat cylindrical, transparent-white, livid, whorls slopingly flattened, varicosely ribbed, pricked round the upper part, interstices obsoletely linearly grooved ; aperture very small, obliquely contracted, columella laminated, twistedly recurved. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 152. Terebra plicatella, Deshayes. Hab. Marquesas (in sandy mud, at seven fathoms) ; Hinds. Tasmania. An extremely delicate, transparent, livid-white shell, with a small obliquely contracted aperture. The whorls are divided round the upper part simply by a row of punctures. Species 116. (Mus. Taylor.) TEREBRA LIvipa. Ter. testd acuminato-subulatd, livido- purpurascente aut plumbed, anfractibus declivi-plana- tis, suleo superné divisis, dense plicato-costatis, costis plano-angulatis, interstitiis striato-sulcatis ; aperturd oblongo-ovatd, intus castaned, columella contorto-re- curvd, carinata. Tue Livip TrREBRA. Shell acuminately subulate, livid- purple or Jead-colour, whorls slopingly flattened, divided by a groove round the upper part, closely plicately ribbed, ribs flatly angled, interstices striately grooved ; aperture oblong-ovate, chestnut in the in- terior, columella twistedly recurved, keeled. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. A well marked species, of which specimens have been confounded in Mr. Cuming’s collection with M. Quoy’s T. cancellata. tis of a different form, more flatly and straightly sculptured, less corded at the sutural margin, and of a peculiar livid lead-colour. Species 117. (Mus. Cuming.) ‘TEREBRA BLANDA. Ter. tesld subulato-turritd, ad basin angulato-fusiformi, pellucido-albd, ad marginem sutu- ralem opacd, aurantio-rufo maculata, apice purpuras- cente, anfractibus declivi-convexis, tenue concentrice plicatis, superné sulco divisis, margine tumido ; aper- turd oblonga, subangustd, columellé ad basin productaé et recurvd. THE CHARMING TEREBRA. Shell subulately turreted, angularly fusiform at the base, transparent-white, opaque, spotted with orange-red at the sutural mar- gin, purple at the apex, whorls slopingly convex, finely concentrically plicated, divided at the upper part by a groove, margin swollen; aperture oblong, rather narrow, columella produced and recurved at the base. Dusuayss, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 298. Hab. Japan. Very distinct from any other species of Zeredra, and more than usually produced in a fusiform manner at the base. Species 118. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA SWAINSONI. lindraced, rosaceo-carneo suffusi, anfractibus convexis, subangustis, longitudinaliter plicato-costatis, superne Ter. testé obeso-aciculari, subcy- pertusis, interstitiis obscuré lineari-sulcatis ; apertura minima, oblique contractd, columella laminatd, cari- natd, contorto-recurvd. Swarnson’s Tpresra. Shell stoutly acicular, some- what cylindrical, suffused with pinkish flesh-colour, whorls convex, rather narrow, longitudinally plicately ribbed, pricked round the upper part, interstices obscurely linearly grooved; aperture very small, ob- liquely contracted, columella laminated, keeled, twist- edly recurved. DrsuHayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 299. Hab. Sandwich Islands; Pease. Of a characteristic cylindrical form, with a remarkably small obliquely contracted aperture, the shell being suf- fused throughout with a delicate blush-colour. Species 119. (Mus. Taylor.) TEREBRA BREVICULA. Ter. olivaceo-plumbed, purpureo vittatd, medio albifasciatd. testd abbreviato-subulaté, anfractibus declivi-convexis, inferné subangulatis, ad angulum plicato-tuberculatis, tuberculis distantibus, margine suturali tumido, vix crenato ; apertura ovato- effusd, columella carinatd et contorto-recurvd. sHorT TerEBRA. Shell shortly subulate, olive lead-colour, filleted with purple-white, banded in the middle, whorls slopingly convex, somewhat angled at the lower part, plicately tubercled on the angle, tubercles distant, sutural margin swollen, scarcely erenated ; aperture ovately effused, columella keeled and twistedly recurved. Desuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 296. Hab. Tasmania. THE A very distinct typical form, in which the encircling groove is replaced by a broad concave depression, the | sculpture below it having the appearance of tubercles. Terebra Pl. XXHL TEREBRA. Puate XXIII. Species 120. (Mus. Metcalfe.) TEREBRA VARICOSA. Ter. testd conico-subulatd, acu- minatd, solidd, varié purpureo fasciatd, anfractibus declivi-conveais, subangustis, superné concavo-divisis, varicoso-costatis, coslis obliquis, concentricis, subdis- tantibus, interstitiis striato-sulcatis ; apertura parvd, columella constrictd, ad basin contortd et recurva. THE VARICOSE TEREBRA. Shell conically subulate, acu- minated, solid, variously purple-banded, whorls slop- ingly convex, rather narrow, concavely divided round the upper part, varicosely ribbed, ribs oblique, con- centric, rather distant, interstices striately grooved ; aperture small, columella constricted, twisted, and recurved at the base. Hips, Pro, Zool. Soe. 1843, p. 152. Hab. Gulf of Papagayo, west coast of Central America (in mud, at twenty-three fathoms) ; Hinds. The ribs of this species have a peculiar obliquely con- centric character, and do not appear in the form of cre- nules on the sutural margin, which is depressly exca- vated. Species 121. (Fig. 4, Mus. Taylor; Fig. a, c, d, &, f, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA ACICULINA. Ter. testdé aciculari-subulatd, ad basin ventricoso-effusd, spadiceo-albd vel cinered, ni- tente, versus basin pallidé fasciatd, suturis albis, deinde punetis fuscis elongatis cinctd, anfractibus declivi-pla- natis, indivisis, superné plus minus elongate plicatis ; apertura brevi, ad basin late effusd, columelld brevis- simd, callosd, rectaé, ad basin carinatd. THE NEEDLE-LIKH TEREBRA. Shell acicularly subulate, ventricosely effused at the base, fawn-white or ash- colour, shining, pale-banded towards the base, su- tures white, then encircled with elongated brown dots, whorls slopingly flattened, undivided, more or less elongately plicated round the upper part; aperture short, broadly effused at the base, columella very short, callous, straight, keeled at the base. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 250. Terebra anomala, Gray. Terebra cinerea, Basterot (not of Born). Terebra inconstans, Hinds. Terebra Matheroniana, Deshayes. Hab. Manilla, Singapore, Sandwich Islands. This species varies little in form, except in having the plicated sculpture more or less strongly developed. In colour it is more variable, and has been described tliree The shells represented at Fig. 121 ¢ and 121 f, ash and ash-grey, and comparatively smooth, pass- ing into 7. nimbosa, have been mistaken for Born’s Buc- times over. cinum cinereum; those at Fig. 121 @ and 121 e, equally smooth, but of a fawn-white or fulvous-drab, are Dr. Gray’s 7. anomala ; and those at Fig. 121 6 and 121.¢, states of the species in both colours, with the plicated sculpture stronger, are Mr. Hinds’s 7. inconstans. Species 122. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA CONTINUA. Ter. testa acuminato-oblonyd, sub- pyranmidali, lacted, carneold, ad basin patlide fasciata, anfractibus declivi-planatis, indivisis, longitudinaliter tenuiplicatis, levigatis; apertura parvd, subangustd, columellé arcuatd, brevi. THE continuous TrReBRA. Shell acuminately oblong, somewhat pyramidal, cream-coloured, flesh-tinted, faintly banded at the base, whorls slopingly flattened, undivided, longitudinally thinly plicated, smooth ; aperture small, rather narrow, columella arched, short. Dersuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 286. Hab. Japan ? A flesh-tinted cream-coloured shell, of a straight pyra- midal form, veined throughout with thin plications. Species 123. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA SoLipDa. Ter. testd cylindraceo-oblongd, solida, obesuld, spadiceo-lacted, maculis quadratis opaco-albis tessellato-encausticd, anfractibus plano-convexis, indi- visis, levibus ; apertura parvd, oblonga, columella recta, brevi, ad basin carinata. THE so“tip TerEBRA. Shell cylindrically oblong, solid, rather stout, fawn cream-colour, tessellately enamelled throughout with square opaque white blotches, whorls flatly convex, undivided, smooth ; aperture small, ob- long, columella straight, short, keeled at the base. Desnayes, Journ. de Conch. 1857. Hab, Japan. June, 1860. TEREBRA.—Ptate XXIII. A very distinct type of Zerebra, with a strong Mitra- ke aspect, tessellately enamelled throughout with square opaque white spots upon a fawn cream-coloured ground. Species 124. (Mus. Taylor.) TEREBRA TAYLORI. versus obesuld, purpureo-cinered, lividd, obscure fas- ciatd, anfractibus convexis, medio concavis, supra et infra plicato-crenulatis ; aperturd ovatd, subeffusd, columella brevi, recta. Taytor’s TrrEBRa. Shell conically subulate, rather stout Ter. testd conico-subulata, basin towards the base, purple-ash, livid, obscurely banded, whorls convex, concave in the middle, plicately cre- nuled above and below; aperture ovate, a little effused, columella short, straight. Hab. Torres Straits, Australia. A characteristic new species from Torres Straits, in the possession of Mr. T. Lombe Taylor, who, after Mr. Cu- ming, has probably the completest collection of shells in Europe, not excepting even the collection of the Baron Delessert or of any public museum. Mr. Metcalfe also possesses specimens. Terebra Pl. XUV 129. Sowerby del.ct Ath TEREBRA. PLatE XXIV. Species 125. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA VIOLASCENS. Ter. testé gracili-turritd, albidé aut lutescente, ad marginem suturalem fusco tinctd, anfractibus plano-convexis, indivisis, oblique flexuosé plicatis, liris spiralibus in interstitiis clathratis, su- turd subprofunda ; apertura parva, columella ad basin producta et recurva. THE VIOLET TEREBRA. Shell slenderly turreted, whitish or yellowish, stained with brown at the sutural mar- gin, whorls flatly convex, undivided, obliquely flexu- ously plicated, latticed in the interstices with spiral ridges, suture rather deep; aperture small, columella produced and recurved at the base. Hips, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 154. Hab. Philippine Islands (in sandy mud at twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. The shell here described and figured is one of the Phi- lippine specimens to which Mr. Hinds refers in the ‘ The- saurus’ as being a different colour from his specimens, and disposed to be banded. They have an extremely delicate Scalaria-like look, with the whorls undivided, and do not agree in this respect with Mr. Hinds’ figure. Species 126. (Mus. Gray.) TEREBRA FLAVA. alba, anfractibus plano-convewis, sulco pertuso superne divisis, longitudinaliter plicato-liratis, interstitiis li- neis spiralibus impressis decussatis ; apertura parva, columella ad basin productd et paululum recurva. THE YELLow TerEBRA. Shell conically subulate, yel- lowish-white, whorls flatly convex, divided by a punctured groove at the upper part, longitudinally plicately ridged, interstices decussated by impressed spiral lines; aperture small, columella produced at the base, and a little recurved. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 60. Hab. ? Ter. testa conico-subulata, flavescente- A yellowish conoid shell, longitudinally ridged, with the interstices closely linearly grooved. It is scarcely mature, and not in very good condition. The species must be regarded as doubtful. Species 127. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA CONSPERSA. lescente-albd, ad marginem suturalem rufo sparsim Ter. testé acute subulatd, ceru- promiscue punctatd, ad basin rufo-fasciatd, anfracti- bus declivi-convexis, longitudinaliter plicato-costis, in- terstiliis leviter pertusis; apertura parca, columella ad basin producta et contorto-recurvd. THE SPRINKLED TrerEBRA. Shell sharply subulate, bluish-white, sparingly promiscuously dotted on the sutural margin with red, red-banded at the base, whorls slopingly convex, longitudinally _plicately ribbed, interstices slightly pricked; aperture small, columella produced at the base, and twistedly re- curved. Hiyps, Pro. Zool. Soc. p. 153. Hab. Catbalonga, Isle of Samar, Philippines (in sandy mud at eight fathoms); Cuming. Well distinguished by a promiscuous sprinkling of red dots about the sutural margin, and by a band of the same colour, more diluted, at the base. The sutural groove is represented by a row of enlarged punctures. Species 128. (Mus. Cuming.) TeREBRA BLATA. Ter. testd elongato-turritd, rufescente- alld, ad basin conspicué rufo-fasciatd, anfractibus pluno-convexis, longitudinaliter plicato-costatis, spira- liter lineari-sulcatis ; aperturd pared, columella ad basin subproductd et recurvd. THE RAISED TEREBRA. Shell elongately turreted, red- dish-white, conspicuously red-banded at the base, whorls flatly convex, longitudinally plicately ridged, spirally linearly grooved; aperture small, columella rather produced at the base, and recurved. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 156. Hab. Bay of Montijo, west coast of America (in coarse sand at fifteen fathoms); Cuming. The basal band of this more slenderly elongated species is of a deeper red, edged with milky-white, while there are no red dots. Species 129. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA SALLEANA. er. testd aciculari, livido-viridi, purpureo-tinctd, anfractu ultimo anguste albifasciata, June, 1860. TEREBRA.—P ate XXIV. erenulis albidis, anfractibus declivi-planatis, levibus, nitentibus, superné plicato-crenulatis, crenulis longius- culis, distantibus; apertura brevi, columella recta, abbreviato-truncatd. SaLie’s Thresra. Shell acicular, livid-green, purple- stained, last whorl encircled with a narrow pale band, crenules white, whorls slopingly flattened, smooth, shining, plicately crenuled round the upper part, erenules rather long, distant; aperture small, colu- mella straight, shortly truncated. Desuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 287. Hab. Mexico; Salle. This most interesting Mexican species is of a dark purple-stained livid-green, coronated with peculiarly elon- gated distant whitish crenules. Species 130. (Mus. Taylor.) TEREBRA THXTILIS. Ter. testd acuminato-subulatd, lu- tescente-albd, anfractibus convexo-planatis, puncturis superne divisis, oblique arcuate liratis, spiraliter dense lineari-sulcatis ; aperturaé parva, columella ad basin producta et contorto-recurva. Tur TEXTILE TpREBRA. Shell acuminately subulate, yellowish-white, whorls convexly flattened, divided by punctures round the upper part, obliquely areu- ately ridged, spirally densely linearly grooved ; aper- ture small, columella produced at the base, and twistedly recurved. Hrnps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 156. Hab. Straits of Macassar, Hinds. Bay of Manila (in coarse sand and gravel, at from six to thirteen fathoms) ; Cuming. A most elaborately sculptured species, of sharply acu- minated growth, twistedly recurved in a marked degree at the base. Species 131. (Mus. Gray.) TEREBRA GRACILIS. Ter. testd subulatd, solidiusculd, violaceo-cinered, carneo-purpureo fasciatd, anfractibus plano-convexis, sulco superné late divisis, longitudi- naliler plicato-liratis, liris complanatis, subobsoletis ; apertura pared, columella brevi, contortd et carinatd. THE SLENDER TEREBRA. Shell subulate, rather solid, violet-ash, banded with flesh-purple, whorls flatly convex, broadly divided round the upper part by a groove, longitudinally plicately ridged, ridges smooth, rather obsolete; aperture small, columella short, twisted and keeled. Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 61. Hab. Africa. The whorls of this species are divided rather broadly round the upper part, and the columella is peculiar in being short and keeled. Mr. Hinds accidentally con- founded this species with the following, and M. Deshayes, not having had access to Dr. Gray’s type, continued the error. They are quite different shells, from quite diffe- rent habitats, Species 132. (Mus. Taylor.) TEREBRA FRIGATA. anfractibus concavo-planatis, divisis, longitudinaliter plicato-costatis, in interstitics Ter. testd subulatd, nitente-alba, sulco pertuso superne lineari-sulcatis, costis ad marginem suturalem gemma- tis ; apertura oblonga, parva, columella ad basin pro- ducta et paululum recurva. THE cop TereBra. Shell subulate, shining-white, whorls concavely flattened, divided round the upper part by a pricked groove, longitudinally plicately ribbed, linearly grooved in the interstices, ribs beaded at the sutural margin; aperture oblong, small, co- lumella produced at the base, and a little recurved. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 162. Hab. Galapagos Islands (in coral sand); Cuming. A strongly but delicately sculptured shell, in which the ribs swell at the sutural margin into an encircling cord of soft opake white beads. Species 133. (Mus. Taylor.) TEREBRA MORBIDA. Ter. testa cylindraceo-conicé, soli- diusculd, purpurascente-carned, maculis rufescentibus cingulatd, anfractibus declivi-convexis, suleo superneé laté divisis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis lutis, con- Jertis; aperturé ovatd, columellé brevi, carinataé et contorta. THE DISEASED TEREBRA. Shell cylindrically conical, rather solid, purple flesh-colour, encircled with faint red spots, whorls slopingly convex, broadly divided by a groove at the upper part, longitudinally ribbed, ribs broad, close-set ; aperture ovate, columella short, keeled and twisted. Hab. ? A short cylindrically conoid shell, solidly ribbed, and faintly red-spotted upon a purple-flesh ground. Terebra PL. XV. Vincent Brooks, imp TERE BRA. Puate XXV. Species 134. (Fig. a, 4, ec, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA BACILLUS. Ter. testd aciculari, albd, cinereo- plumbeo plus minus fasciatd, nitente, infra suturas in- terdum maculata, apice plumbed, anfractibus declivi- planatis, indivisis, superne elongate plicato-crenulatis ; apertura parvd, columella arcuata, brevi. ‘THE LITTLE STAFF TEREBRA. Shell acicular, white, more or less banded with leaden ash-colour, shining, some- times spotted beneath the sutures, apex lead-colour, whorls slopingly flattened, undivided, elongately pli- cately crenated round the upper part ; aperture small, columella arched, short. Desunayes, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1859, p. 285. Terebra lactea, Deshayes. Hab. Sandwich Isiands. A shining solid shell, of transparent-white, variously M. Deshayes’ banded with a peculiar leaden ash-colour. 7. lactea is the species in a colourless state. Species 135. (Fig. a, 4, c, d, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA MICANS. Ter. testd aciculari-subulatd, nitente- alba, interdum lutescente, purpureo-brunneo fasciatd, an- Sractibus declivi-planatis, indivisis, superné dense elon- gate plicato-crenulatis ; apertura parva, columella ap- presse arcuatd, brevi. THE GLITTERING TeREBRA. Shell acicularly subulate, shining-white, sometimes yellowish, banded with rich- brown, whorls slopingly flattened, undivided, densely elongately plicately crenuled round the uppér part ; aperture small, columella appressly arched, short. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 181. Terebra Adansoni, Deshayes. Hab. Senegal. The typical peculiarity of this and the preceding species consists in the whorls not being divided by any spiral grooves, but densely puckered from the suture with fine elongated crenules. Species 136. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA APICINA. Ter. testd aciculari, nitente-albd, infra suturas maculis rufis super fasciam livido-carneam cingulatd, anfractibus declivi-planatis, indivisis, su- perne elongate plicato-crenulatis ; apertura parva, colu- melld appresse arcuatd, brevi. THE SHARP-POINTED TEREBRA. white, encircled below the sutures with red spots upon a livid-flesh band, whorls slopingly flattened, undivided, elongately plicately crenuled round the upper part; aperture small, columella appressly arched, short. Desnayes, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1859, p. 284. Hab. Singapore. Shell acicular, shining- In this example of the same type the elongated crenules are larger, over a livid-flesh band, and a necklace of bright- red spots. Species 137. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA DISPAR. Ter. testdé aciculari-subulatd, nitente- albd, semipellucidd, anfractibus declivi-planatis, indi- visis, superne dense plicato-crenulatis ; apertura ob- longo-ovatd, columella appressé arcuatd, breviusculd. THE UNLIKE TeREBRA. Shell acicularly subulate, shin- ing-white, semitransparent, whorls slopingly flat- tened, undivided, densely plicately crenuled round the upper part; aperture oblong-ovate, columella ap- pressly arched, rather short. Desuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 284. Hab. ? This species bears very closely on 7’. micans. It is more slenderly convoluted, and the crenules are stronger and shorter. June, 1 860. + al? that aye re a ‘el oe a enn RO Pay awh. andy a0 ep eat sibs ‘oA, Pe bean, caer 7 vives Leary | aly fo bo , Oe hie Sbeils Sali, elie PaaS ak SU cae gine TN, La rn an ere ah Per aya i bias Me tf & ye wen af es ions ony | oe iis win ah 0p Hides ay hid if CoseAgyiy p wnt Leviar jc oahOe ek: na ¥ x df Nae Rabin IPS ¢ otis ig Saad th Heed 13584 SaMmeVE ME TE LAAN e's 5 She Gets 20: o ‘ey of Terebra Pl. XXVT. ry iA TEREBRA. Puate XXVI. Species 138. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA NANA. Ter. testd subfusiformi-turritd, flaves- cente-alba, maculis pallidée fulvis bifasciatd, anfracti- bus subplanulatis, primis costatis, costis gradutim evanidis ; apertura parvd, columella arcuatd, brevi et contortd. THE DWARF TrREBRA. Shell somewhat fusiformly tur- reted, yellowish-white, encircled with two rows of pale fulvous spots, whorls rather flattened, the first ribbed, ribs gradually disappearing; aperture small, columella arched, short and twisted. Desuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 291. Hab. Mouth of the Indus. A minute, yellowish shell, encircled with two rows of pale red spots, strongly but rather distantly ribbed to- wards the apex. Species 139. (Mus. Metcalfe.) TerEBRA Mercauril. Ter. testdé cylindraceo-oblongd, albidaé, flammulis aurantiis albi-punctatis pallidissimeé tinctd, ad marginem suturalem rufo-punctatd, anfrac- tibus convewxis, indivisis, primis costatis, costis cito evanidis ; apertura oblonga, columella callosd, brevius- culd. Mercatre’s Teresra. Shell cylindrically oblong, whitish, faintly tmged with pale white-dotted orange flames, red-dotted at the sutural margin, whorls convex, un- divided, the first ribbed, ribs soon fading; aperture oblong, columella callous, rather short. Hab. West Indies ? An interesting species, of which the specimen figured, from the collection of Mr. Metcalfe, is the only one I have seen. It was collected originally by the Rey. Lansdowne Guilding. Species 140. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA OBESA. Ter. testa cylindraceo-subulata, nitente- albd, maculis aurantiis amplis sparsim pictd, anfracti- bus primis costatis, costis cito evanidis ; apertura ob- longa, columella appressé arcuatd, brevi. THE stout TEREBRA. Shell cylindrically subulate, shin- ing-white, painted with a few large orange spots, whorls convex, the first ribbed, ribs soon disappear- ing; aperture oblong, columella appressly arched, short. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 158. Hab. ? Resembling the preceding species in general form aud character, but painted with large blotches of pale-oranye. Species 84. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA EXIGUA. Ter. testé aciculari-turritd, castaneo- Suscéd aut lividd, anfractibus convexo-planis, sulco superne divisis, costellis concentricis sulcisque trans- versis undique clathratis ; apertura pared, columella contorto-recurvd. Tae Lirrte Trrepra. Shell acicularly turreted, chest- nut-brown or livid, whorls convexly flattened, divided at the upper part by a groove, latticed throughout, with concentric ribs and transverse ridges; aperture small, columella twistedly recurved. Drsuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 301. Hab. Bast coast of Australia. A small livid-brown or chestnut shell of very regular crowth, closely latticed throughout. Species 141. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA CUSPIDATA. subvitred, fascid angustad conspicud purpureo-rufa super fasciam latam lutescentem undique cingulatd, anfractibus declivi-planatis, indivisis, superné tenue Ter. testé elongato-subulata, alba, elongato-crenulatis ; aperturd parva, columella late appressd, brevi. THE poINTED TEREBRA. Shell elongately subulate, white, somewhat glassy, encircled throughout with a conspicuous narrow red band upon a broad yellow band, whorls slopingly flattened, undivided, finely elongately crenuled round the upper part; aperture small, columella broadly appressed, short. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1843, p. 157. Hab. Cape Coast, Africa; Dr. Tams. An elegant glassy shell, encircled throughout with a conspicuous narrow red-brown band, which in all but the last whorls obtains a violet hue from passing over a broad ribbon of yellow. June, 1860. TEREBRA.—Ptuate XXVI. Species 142. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA TRAILLII. Ter. testd aciculari-subulatd, auran- tio-luted, fascid angustd violaced cingulatd, ad basin lati-fasciatd, anfractibus declivi-planatis, superné elon- ‘gate plicato-crenulatis ; apertura parvg, columella arcuatd et carinata. TrartLt’s TeREBRA. Shell acicularly subulate, orange- yellow, encircled with a narrow violet band, broadly banded at the base, whorls slopingly flattened, elon- gately plicately crenuled round the upper part ; aper- ture small, columella arched, keeled. DEsHaYEs, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 285. Hab. Vasigapatam, Indian Ocean. Very like the preceding species, but smaller and dif- ferently coloured, with a distinct keel at the base of the columella. Species 143. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA ACUMINATA. Ter. testd aciculari-subulatd, tenui- culd, livido-purpurascente, plumbeo sinctd, infra sutu- ras saturate maculata, ad basin latifasciv‘«', anfracti- bus declivi-planatis, superne elongate plicato-crenulatis ; apertura parva, columella appressée arcuatd, brevi. THE ACUMINATED TEREBRA. Shell acicularly subulate, rather thin, livid-purple, tinged with lead-colour, dark-spotted beneath the sutures, broadly banded at the base, whorls slopingly flattened, elongately pli- eately crenuled at the upper part; aperture small, columella appressly arched, short. Bullia acuminata, Gray, MS. in Mus. Brit. Hab. --—? Of the same type as the two preceding species. The ground colour of the shell is a sombre leaden-purplish hue, with a row of dark spots beneath the suture, in the place of the band. Species 144. (Mus. Cuming.) Trerepra Nassores. Ter. testd obeso-subulaid, levigatd, roseo-cinered, albo-marginatd, plumbeo-fasciatd, an- Jractibus declivi-convexis, indivisis, varicoso-costatis, spiraliter minute striatis ; aperturd parvd, columellé brevi, carinatd et paululum recurvd. Tue Nassa-LikE Terepra. Shell stoutly subulate, smooth, pinkish-ash, white-edged, banded with lead- colour, whorls slopingly convex, undivided, varicosely ribbed, spirally minutely striated; aperture small, columella short, keeled and a little recurved. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1843, p. 158. Hab. Red Sea; Lord Mountnorris. A rather stout, varicosely ribbed species, of a pinkish- ash colour, white at the sutural margin, thin, encircled with a narrow band of dull lead-colour, and also at the base. Species 145. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA FICTILIS. albida, inferné violaceo-caruleo cingulatd, anfractibus Ter. testd obeso-subulatd, acumin a é, > declivi-convexis, sulco impresso superné divisis, longi- tudinaliter plicato-costatis ; apertura ovata, columella brevi, subcontortd. THE EARTHEN TEREBRA. minated, whitish, encircled at the lower part with violet-blue, whorls slopingly convex, divided at the upper part by an impressed groove, longitudinally plicately ribbed; aperture ovate, columella short, a little twisted. Hinps, Thesaurus Conch. p. 183. pl. 45. f. 109, 110. Hab. Australia. The colouring of this species is characteristic; the upper half of the whorls is white, the lower half is violet-blue, and a portion of the violet-blue is left exposed in each whorl at the suture. Shell stoutly subulate, acu- Species 146. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA POLYGYRATA. Ter, testd gracili-turritd, subpy- ramidali, fulvo-aurantid, albo-marginata, anfractibus angustis, rotundatis, superne sulco pertuso divisis, concentrice crebricostatis, interstitiis lineari-sulcatis ; apertura minima, columella constrictd et contortda. THE MANY-WHORLED TEREBRA. Shell slenderly turreted, subpyramidal, fulvous-orange, edged with white, whorls narrow, rounded, divided at the upper part by a pricked groove, concentrically closely ribbed, inter- stices linearly grooved; aperture very small, columella constricted and twisted. Drsuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 301. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. An elegantly convoluted species, in which the whorls are numerous and rounded, and their upper and lower divisions are marked by a striking contrast of fulvous- orange and white. del, cb litt iyla. Terebra Pl. XVI 154 t Brooks, bmp TEREBRA. PLATE Species 147. (Fig. a, Mus. Metcalfe, Fig. 6, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA RUSTICA. Ter. testd fusiformi-oblongd, acumi- natd, aurantio-rufa vel cinered, infra suturas albo et purpureo obscure fasciati, anfractibus declivi-convexis, indivisis, varicoso-costatis, costis subdistantibus, inter- stitiis lineari-sulcatis ; apertura oblonga, columella ca- rinatd, viz contorta. Tue RustIc TEREBRA. Shell fusiformly oblong, acumi- nated, orange-red or ash-colour, obscurely banded be- neath the sutures with white and purple, whorls slop- ingly convex, undivided, varicosely ribbed, ribs rather distant, interstices linearly grooved ; aperture oblong, columella keeled, scarcely twisted. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 158. Hab. ? There is a very near relationship between this species and some abnormal varieties of 7. fulgwrata and aciculata. The basal columellar keel is often conspicuously coloured in all three. Species 148. (Mus. Taylor.) TEREBRA TENERA. Ter. testa cylindraceo-oblongd, sub- turritd, lutescente, rufo infra suturas fasciatad, anfrac- tibus plano-convexis, indivisis, validé varicoso-costatis, costis distantibus, nitentibus ; apertura oblonga, columellé subcontorta. Tue panty Ternsra. Shell cylindrically oblong, some- what turreted, yellowish, banded beneath the sutures with red, whorls flatly convex, undivided, strongly varicosely ribbed, ribs distant, interstices concave, shining ; aperture oblong, columella a little twisted. Arps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 158. Lab. Ceylon. Straits of Malacca ; Hinds. This little species, with its distant varicose ribs, has son ewhat the appearance of a Mangelia. interstitiis concavis, Species 149. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREERA PYGMM@A. Ter. testd cylindraceo-oblongé, solidi- usculd, lutescente, ad suturas lined purpureo-castaned coaspicue cingulatd, anfractibus convexis, indivisis, oblique crebricostatis ; apertura minimd, columella tenue laminatda. XXVII. Tue pyemy TeREBRA. Shell cylindrically oblong, rather solid, yellowish, encircled with a conspicuous purple- chestnut line at the sutures, whorls convex, undivided, obliquely closely ribbed; aperture very small, colu- mella thinly laminated. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 158. Hab. Straits of Malacca (in seventeen fathoms, mud) ; Hinds. A varicosely angled shell, considerably removed from the typical form of the genus. Species 150. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA acicuLata. Ter. testa fusiformi-ovatd, acumi- natd, pallidé fulvd, fusco infra suturas plumbeo fas- ciatd, nodulis albidis, anfractibus convexis, superne sul- catis et angulatis, ad angulum crenulato-nodulatis ; apertura oblonga, subampla, columella recta, carinatia. THE NEEDLE-POINTED TpREBRA. Shell fusiformly ovate, acuminated, pale-fulvous, minutely freckled with brown, banded beneath the sutures with lead-colonr, nodules whitish, whorls convex, grooved and angled round the upper part, crenulately noduled at the angle; aperture oblong, rather large, columella straight, keeled. Buccinum aciculatum, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 175. Terebra aciculata, Hinds. Hab. Acapulco, Xipixapi, Mexico (on the sands); Cuming. A strong, crenulately shouldered species ; the crenules sometimes amounting almost to tubercles. Species 151. (Mus. Cuming.) TEREBRA FULGURATA. er. testd fusiformi-oblongd, acu- minatd, albidd aut fulvescente, castaneo fulguratd, infra suturas plumbeo fasciatd, anfractibus plicato-costatis, indivisis, in interstitiis lineari-sulcatis, sulcis interdum obsoletis ; aperturd oblonga, columella conspicué cari- natd, ad basin subrecurvd. THE LIGHTNING-MARKED TEREBRA. Shell fusiformly oblong, acuminated, whitish or fulvous, lightning- marked with chestnut, encircled with a lead-coloured band beneath the sutures, whorls plicately ribbed, undivided, linearly grooved in the interstices, grooves June, 1860. TEREBRA.—Ptiate XXVII. sometimes obsolete ; aperture oblong, columella con- spicuously keeled, and a little recurved at the base. Priwrert, Zeitschrift fiir Malac. 1846, p. 53; and 1847, p. 181. Terebra arguta, Gould. Hob. California, Mazatlan, Acapulco, Mexico. The species may be at once recognized by its profuse linear brown waves. Species 152. (Mus. Cuming.) Terepra Cospntini. er. testd obeso-fusiformi, acumi- natd, alba, fulvo-fusco latifasciatd, anfractibus superne declivi-angulatis, ad angulum muricato-tuberculatis ; apertura oblonga, subamplda, columella recta, carinata. THe Cosenza Turesra. Shell stoutly fusiform, acu- minated, white, broadly banded with fulvous-brown, whorls slopingly angled round the upper part, thickly tubercled at the angle; aperture oblong, rather large, columella straight, keeled. Purirpri, Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. i. p. 227. pl. 11. f. 29. Terebra nodosoplicata, Dunker. Hab. Naples, West Africa, West Indies. The evidence of this species inhabiting the Bay of Naples appears to be of very doubtful character. Species 153. (Mus. Cuming.) Teresra Puinipprana. Ter. testd elonyato-turrita, an- gusta, fusco-rubescente et albo equaliter bipartitd, an- fractibus plano-conveais, indivisis, elongate plicato- crenulatis ; aperturd parvd, ovatd, columella brevius- culd. Purtippr’s TeREBRA. Shell elongately turreted, narrow, banded in equal proportions with fuscous-red and white, whorls flatly convex, undivided, elongately pli- cately crenuled; aperture small, ovate, columella rather short. Dusuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 289. Hab. Marquesas Islands ? A slenderly acuminated glittering shell, in which the upper half of the whorls is transparent-white, the lower bright fuscous-red. Species 154. (Mus. Taylor.) TEREBRA POLYGONIA. midali, fulvo-brunned, anfractibus declivi-planatis, sulco superne divisis, validé varicoso-costatis, costis subdistan- tibus, interstitiis concavis, lineari-sulcatis ; apertura parvid, columella ad basin producté et paululum re- curva. THE MANY-CORNERED TeREBRA. Shell slenderly tur- reted, somewhat pyramidal, fulvous-brown, whorls slopingly flattened, divided at the upper part by a groove, strongly varicosely ribbed, ribs rather distant, interstices concave, linearly grooved; aperture small, columella produced at the base, and a little recurved. ? Ter. testa gracili-turritd, subpyra- Hab. A minute fulvous-brown species, angled throughout with strong rather distant varicose ribs. Species 155. (Mus. Brit.) TEREBRA PULCHRA. Ter. testé turritd, conico-subulata, acuminata, nitidd, pallidé, anfractibus subplanulatis, longitrorsum recté plicato-costatis, superné lined im- pressa divisis, interstitiis levigatis, anfractu ultimo pallidé lineato. THE BEAUTIFUL TEREBRA. Shell turreted, conically su- bulate, acuminated, shining, pale, whorls rather flat- tened, longitudinally straightly plicately ribbed, di- vided at the upper part by an impressed line, inter- stices smooth, last whorl faintly lineated. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 151. Hab. Marquesas (in seven fathoms); Hinds. This shell, of which there is no other specimen than the original in the British Museum, I had overlooked until it was too late to figure it. It is a small, rather swollen shell, colourless, but characteristic. aciculata (Buc.), Lam........ ACICULINASELAMe cers cierto acumen. Deshsaa je.ccre sires AcUMINatas, G70) salsa atelsi ele ATR ADEN, ons eo o4 don nee Adansoni,sesht ~nts aiteres oe BGOliiy IAT skobopoodcdon ac PNAC) aeons osaboc aoe Africana, (Grays sr Ne steess 4 albicostata, Adams and Reeve. . allbidaysG7igyinw se = <1cteterietes sets albocincta, Carp: 2. so «2 22 -- albomarginata, Desh, ........ albula, Menkes. 0002s os alveolata, Hinds ............ AMON Ase WeSbars.t cs cnioka ee cee ee anomala, Gray ............- ApICIMAPDCSh tecnica epee approwimata, Desh........... Archimedis, Desh. .......... areolata, Adams and Reeve.. .. PAT GENUINE, ESN salajeseia)s\se == INT US MELLINGS) 1s ispe tei nicie armillatayHinds\<.cecec.. oad Ete JAW eck cen oeneaAs Babylonia, Zam. ...-......4. Ibacillustes fer stn. certs i342) badiaweDestam pte oct te. < chs ack Bermonti, Lorois............ IBernardieDeshaeins sivciee 2 te Diitons Hinds. menace) Se erie lingua. IES Go eneeaoeeace bitorquata, Desh... .......+ 5+ blandaseDesharceiccu. = sie oe ere Bourguignata, Desh. .......- brevicula, Desh. ............ IBrugIerl) Desihemvetee ae cic fi Buccinulum, Desh. .........- celata, Adams and Reeve...... cerulescens, Lam. .......... caliginosa, Desh............. XVIII. XXMI. XXV. XVIII. XI. XXII. XVIII. VI. XI. XXV. UE ANAT XIII. XIV. XVIII. vile XXII. XXII. XXIL. XVIII. Species. 150 121 85 143 47 135 94 39 12 72 79 12 65 81 89 80 121 136 83 48 113 85 21 72 40 43 134 25 20 56 62 81 19 117 lll 119 82 101 64 26 100 TER EBA. cancellata, Quoy............ COSta LING Sacceayctes ened Castanea sHindsieey ase ieee castanea, Kiener ............ Cerithina, Kiener ........... chalybeus, Martini........... ChinensissDesh aac: aoe Chilensis) Deshi, “sarc. eee a: chlorata, Lamarck .......... cinctellas Weshancsm cients cinerea, Basterot............ cinerea (Buc.), Born. ..... cingula, Kiener ............. cinguliferayy Lannie et curcinata, Desh...........+«.- circumcincta, Desh. .......... columnaris, Desh. ..........- columellaris, Hinds.... commaculata, Pfeiffer ........ concinna, Desh. .. consobrina, Desh............ CONSOTS Hinds eet eee conspersa, Hinds...... continua, Desh. . copula, Hinds........ corrugata, Zam. .......... Cosentinivehilene eerie costata, Menke.............. crassula, Desh. ............. CRDGR DEANS. 5605.60 00080 crenulata (Buc.), Linn. ...... Crosscom eshte eee Cuming eDesheereteenceies cuspidata, Hinds. 2.2... 0. decojatasDesiivnp erie Weshayestiwwcere ee tee difficiliss Deshey- es ae see Dillwynty Desks... ose dimidiata (Buc.), Linn....... dislocata (Cerith.) Say ....... disparsel cals serene sete tere IX. Il. XXII. XXIII. IX. XIV. XI. XI. XV. XI. XXII. VIII. XVIII. VI. Te XXIV. XXIII. XIX. VI XXVII. XVIII. XVIUI. XI. VIII. XXVI, XIX. XI. XVIII. OVE Wate IX. XXV, Species. 58 81 25 35 38 32 137 duplicata (Buc.), Linn........ Dussumieri, Kiener.......... eburnea, Hinds . . . Peo clatayHindst-e- ence ene elongata, Wood.......... evoluta, Desh... .. CHRUEY JIB Shao os snob deun eximia, Desh. jitiins ahi Geo ooae seco sede Wi Elina ye SOW REA NeN ays o-oo Henestravaniindena ns seen 6 Sestiva, Desh. .... NctilisswAviaswee aa ence WnUFIGTO. aD) CShis Wate ceiei-e1s a) flamnimn Cas a. pie... sete e oe jlammea, Lesson ...........- NENG CARD) 6 > og eS ecsecoan At flavescens, Desh............. fonmosale)cs toe ee eee Fortunei, Desh. ............ HMI, JED ss oc aec co oo fulgurata, Phil. ... funiculata, Hinds. . Jusco-maculata, Sow.......... TEAR Hh WER ae a6 Go a6 2866 gemmulata, Kiener.......... (Pliny WEES one ab oaneso5c GQ LGUC, LING S sapere erate Gouldi, Desh. ...... eracilishG ay) emer steel hastata (Buc.), Gmelin ....... Eindsy,1Gatpoyqee es se ee 22s: dindsi Deshs seem aenien histrio, Deshiz1).2....-. Hupei, Lorois ...... qncolor Weshs wanna incomparabilis, Desh. ........ inconstans, Hinds......... ansignis, Wesh-sneve cys sci e interlmeata: esheets ener intertincta, Hinds. ...... Jamaicensis, Adams.......... Jukesiin Desh eee eee KMieneriy Desiwa ac ca. eee KRORPO NOVA) Vvepara eee eee tacicomsD eShiey an yeieens leavigatas (Graal minaret ea DEVISNGTAY! Sey eiebisiele ays -qacee oe Lamarckii, Kiener .......... Janceata (Buc.), Linn......... Plate. I. I. xX XXIV. Il. XIII. XXVI. XXI. XIV. IIT. XXII. V XXVI. Il. IV. ile XXIV. XIV. XII. XIII. XXIV. XVII. XII. Vv. XIX. X. VII. XXIV. XVIII. IV. XVIII. XII. IV. XVIII. IV. XXIII. TEREBRA.—INDEX. Species. 3 7 39 121 larveeformis, Hinds ........ laurina, Hinds’............. Ieyoky Jee 65 50cecceacnar liga taye/2 07005) eee eee eee ligneola;Reevexae isle ee ee imal Ocsh ee eerie lingualis;270nds ea. eee livida, Reeve lonpiscata; Deshi. se - a> ibaa WEN Gonna baeoe Loroisii, Guerin . . luctuosa, Hinds .... maculata (Buc.), Linn........ margmata, Weshy ......-25-- marmorata, Desh. ... Matheroniana, Desh. ........ (tan leh. s5 cana anencane Metcalfei, Reeve ............ IVIICANS pHUNAS enreeteie iene (aMrbeiies WE Gob po noo a0 66 MonilisnQvoypepeey eae cee morbida, Reeve........... MUS CATIA eC eerie erence NAV Wee 5 aoa soheaso 5a NANA IESE ee wan esclemr e Nassoides, Hinds............ nebulosa, Kiener..........-- mebulosa. WOYOiS ee ee eee nN Selec. og hobo. Go bone nimbosa, Hinds........... Mah, JEHUED ooo codec aS nodosoplicata, Dunk. nodularis, Desh; .........- ObesastHindsiemeanaia= erereieciere Obsoletaseshseserieeet- ce oculatas Lamarck: . 2.) eee ornata Gray ee sje Wty WES e550 50506 Patagonica, D’Orbigny ‘Peasit. Deshi, Aap eas soccer penicillata, Hinds ........- pertusa (Buc.), Born .....-.- Petitii, Kiener:.......-..- Petiveriana, Desh. .......... Philippiana, Desh. ....... pleta, Hinds jem. -- =. --- plicata;nG7cy Meier letra) 1 plicatella, Desh. .......... plumbea, Quoy..........-.- polygonia, Reeve ........-. XIX. XXIIT. XVIII. XXVI. XXV. XVIII. XI. XXIV. TIT. VIII. XXVI. XXVI. VI. X XXVII. XXII. XVII. XXII. XXII. XXVII. Species. 41 35 96 90 25 50 15 116 103 98 153 112 76 115 lll 154 TEREBRA.—INDEX. Plate. Species. | Plate. Species, polygyrata, Desh............. XXVI. 146 striatula, Lam. Vi: 16 preclonsasDeshiei. ncn mv L LL, 28 Stricatas N07 a. cette itep eal 5 pretiosa, Reeve ....... rice NGUUE 30 strigillata (Bue.), Linn........ XVII. 85 pulchellas Deshei2 - 2 ean PROWL 71 stylata, Hinds...... IX. 3 pulchra;, Hindses feet, iene reer ee LL 155 subangulata, Desh. XVIII. 89 punctata, Grayn.. 2. .2.c. ase. WL 19 subnodosa, Carp. citer: Sage lis 12 punctatostriata, Gray ........ XI. 44 subulata (Bue.), Linn... ..... VI. 22 puncticulata, Desh. .. XX. 99 succinea, Hinds ..... V. a punctulata, Sow. XL. 44 Swainsoni, Desh... ...... XXII. 118 pura, Desh... .. cain Gee ate OE 67 teniolata, Quoy ........ XIII. 57 pygmea, Hinds ............ XXVII. 149 Taylori, Leeve XXII. 124 EVO E Wate pao memo oroe 2k\%e 68 Weeeiy alike oe oe XXVIII. 148 raphanula, Zam............. XVII. 77 tessella tan Grayiectwkaeraae eer ee NU EXG 8S REGINGW DESI. cy sin cree eee ot. DVL 19 LEX CLS SOELU Css eee eee XXIV. 130 Reevei, Desh............ ips 3: tiarellansDesharyy.v0s asa XXI. 109 TODUStaN I#dSs ss. sce cise) SLE lu tigrina (Bue.), Gmel....... Ii. 8 roseata, 4dams and Reeve..... XXII. 104. torquata, ddams and Reeve.... XV. 69 EUGIS MGT Otis 2 eles ose IX. 34 EWEN DOE Acaaeacees, SONAL 142 rufo-cinerea, Carp. .......... IX. 34 OLS Meith aadanacopegesc QGNBL 5 rustica, Hinds......... XXVIII. 147 triseriata, Gray ........... XIII. 52 Salleana, Desh. ..... XXIV. 129 UTISCIS; 99 )28/ Saag ener eat ee XOX 102 Seabrelia, Wa. ...ecss.eses- . WUT 31 trochleaw esi meen se) NUL LIe 54. Senegalensis, Zam........... VE 16 tuberculosa, Hinds .......... XIV. 61 serotina, Adams and Reeve.... XV. 66 undatella; Desh. ....:2.:.... XLV: 58 solida, Desh. Peveiiclesis) > MNO NIM 123 undulata Gyayiere enters XVIII. 83 Souleyeti; Deshnsececteeccs OVE 78 ustulatan/)c3/j-seree ea rer XVII. 73 Sowerbyana, Desh. .......... XIV. 63 VEO sananasaonen DOANE 120 specillatay Minds 21. qsieticle > « XVII. 75 variegata, Gray IV. 12 SpeciusaM Desh ornets, alesis ee tie) ee 16 Veh Jo eae eecnoonees | 20:6 95 spectabilis, Hinds ........... XIX. 93 KerreaucisDeshtaas tee XLT 85 splendens, Desh. ............ VII. 27 violascens, Hinds........... XXIV. 125 straminea, Gray .. XII. 47 virgined, Deshi vaecen cee I 2 SEV LOLO MALAY Wiehe 2.510) 01 5) 4.0) 6/eu0(s XI. 43 Pts . sapeooacdcune alll 5 SUTLGLGs) LUO, rsiccie see cs oe walt 39 ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. Sp. 10. 7. robusta—Add as synonym 7’, Loroisii, Guerin-Méneville. Sp. 16. 7. Senegalensis.—Dele from list of synonyms 1. cingula, Kiener. Sp. 18. 2. oculata.—Add as synonym 7. nebulosa, Lorois (7. Loroisii, Deshayes). Sp. 20. 2. pertusa.—Add as synonyms 7. Bermonti, Lorois. At the moment of completing my monograph I have received from M. Lorois his original types of the two foregoing species. His 7. nebulosa is a young 7. oculata, and his L. Bermonti is a richly-coloured T. pertusa. The figure of the latter in Journ. de Conch. is incorrectly drawn. Sp. 25. For Z. ligneola, Reeve, read 7. badia, Deshayes. When correcting the error made by Mr. Hinds in taking this shell for M. Kiener’s 7. castanea, I did not perceive that the error had been already discovered and corrected by M. Deshayes. Sp. 58. 7. cancellata.—Add as synonym 7. undatella, Deshayes. Sp. 85. Z. strigillata.—Dele from list of synonyms 7. Matheroniana, Desh. apt pee en Sy ; a m ove, We ran FF pndiin i? Ate ven een # unity ' a yANiS ; i ee wn i cae | nig Tart Bi o] : ay a ; : - Gat nies | r = wil ; i i : il ail ssc Py oe i Ae F Da 72 a Oy i ny ae ey of mT 7 ai Pay ¢ - ‘ ' es, . Ve P 1) Py | 4 _ ri a ; . ments ip re roe ne af Ve @ a rir ea fil eo pene Havas sient PELE. NAY ap, BT ne? wor pys “hy i iw : an y | at ee mt | D. \ by aly Me uae PNG ay re eth a ie ae iar we ; Pe a aranied ‘i a) a ee eer yn itd. 7 oe woah’ i‘ ald, 9 ss eae " . eiaeagne ke | Cy M MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS LAN EF A: “Give me the heart that can enjoyment find In brooks and streams.” Burhidge. HIARVDOLOM AUD WE 1 = _ zy ‘ me oie ong ir oe ae =, RA Nr at nn nnn NAT Ranma aS Uelania PLT. Vincent Brooks, Imp Sowerby, del. et ith MELANIA. Prats I. Genus MELANTA, Lamarck. Testa plus minusve turrita, plerumque plicata vel carinata, olivacea, sepe fusco-virente fasciata, spird nunc brevi, nunc elongata, versus apicem plerumque erosd ; colu- mellé levi, arcuaté; aperturad ovata, interdum in- tegra, interdum ad basin sinuato-effusa. Shell more or less turreted, generally plicated or keeled, olive, often banded with fuscous green, spire some- times short, sometimes elongated, generally eroded towards the apex, columella smooth, arched; aper- ture ovate, sometimes entire, sometimes sinuously ef- fused at the base. The shells of the great family of Me/aniade, inhabiting rapids and tidal rivers within an area of about forty de- grees on either side of the Equator, in both hemispheres, have been little collected and little studied in England. Excepting four small species thinly distributed in the rivers of Dalmatia, Spain, and Portugal, they are unknown in Europe, and I have had to work out the monograph with comparatively limited series of specimens, and, in some instances, with rather doubtful or misnamed types. Mr. Cuming’s specimens, greatly enriched by those col- lected by him in the Philippine Islands, had, however, been sent for examination and description to Mr. Lea, of Philadelphia ; and Mr. Anthony, of Cincinnati, most kindly forwarded to me his types of the principal species of the Southern United States. The types of the species col- lected by Mr. Hinds, in the Feejee and adjacent islands, together with several collected in India, Guiana, and Per- nambuco, have been placed at my service ; and I have to thank M. Morelet, of Dijon, for the loan of the very in- teresting specimens collected by him in Central America, as well as Dr. von dem Busch, of Bremen, for the loan of an extensive series, including several species described by Continental authors, which would not have been other- wise known to me. After laying aside the Melaniad@ already published in the monographs of the genera Jo, Hemisinus, Anculotus, Melatoma, Pirena, Melanopsis, and Paludomus, about 470 species remain to the genus Melania. More have been described, but these are all of which I have succeeded in procuring the shell. Advantage might have been taken of the labours of systematists to have distributed them into lanella—but more materials are needed for their elucida- tion than we at present possess. The largest species of Melania are those collected by Mr. Cuming in the rivers of the Philippine Islands, chiefly the island of Luzon, and by M. Morelet, in Central America; the most abundant, both in individuals and in species, but of uniformly smaller size, are those of the great rivers of the Southern United States. A few of large size, including the very charac- teristic W/. tuberculosa, are natives of West Africa ; and the rivers Branca, Essequibo, and Marafion, in Guiana and North Brazil, contribute a few fine species. Out of the 470 species described in the present mono- graph, we have authority for the habitats of 410, as fol- lows :— EasTeRN HEMISPHERE. Southern Europe Egypt and Abyssinia . West Africa and Cape de Verd Tela South Africa Mauritius and Madaraceat Japan China . He wo ooo ek eS ee ww Ceylon : Java, and adjacent salads Philippine Islands . Ae eo. 6 n Borneo and Celebes . . . 10 Feejee and adjacent islands, eciadte New Caledonia... ATS qo Cll Sandwich and advecent islands 5 North Australia New Zealand ew vw WEsTERN HEMISPHERE. North Brazil, Guiana, Pernambuco . . 10 Oregon, California, Cuba. . . . . . 10 C@entraluAmericag® 4. “cats can cee Southern United States 210 255 410 The animal of the MJelaniade@ is a pectinate-gilled mol- lusk, breathing only in water, witha short slight disk and a truncated subconical proboscis-shaped head, with the tentacles distant and subulate, having the eyes on the | outer side sometimes at the base, sometimes more ad- further genera—Tiara, Pachychilus, Ceriphasia, Clea, Me- | vanced ; the mantle is fringed ; operculum horny. June, 1861. MELANIA.—Prate I. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) Mevanra Henrtetre. Mel. testa ovato-turritd, solidius- culd, luteo-olivaced, anfractibus octo, plano-convexis, ad suturas impressis, costis subdistantibus undique regu- lariter clathratis ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, columella arcuatd, ad basin expanso-effusd. Henriprra’s Metanra. Shell ovately turreted, rather solid, yellowish-olive, whorls eight, flatly convex, im- pressed at the sutures, regularly latticed throughout, with rather distant ribs; aperture oblong-ovate, columella arched, expandedly effused at the base. Gray, in Griffith’s Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom, pl. 13. f. 2. Melania reticulata, Lea. Hab. China. A shell of solid growth, latticed throughout, with rather distant ribs, in which the columella and aperture are more expandedly effused than is usual in this type of the genus. Species 2. (Fig. a, 8, ¢, d, e, Mus. Cuming.) MuLanra AspERATA. Mel. testa pyramidali-turritd, elon- gata, fulvo-olivaced, anfractibus duodecim aut pluribus, convexis, longitudinaliter plicato-costatis, transversim liratis, liris super costas varié muricatortuberculatis ; apertura suborbiculari, labro utringue sinuato-reflexo, columelld arcuata. Tue roucH Meuanta. Shell pyramidally turreted, elon- gated, fulvous-olive, whorls twelve or more, convex, longitudinally plicately ribbed, transversely ridged, ridges variously prickly tubercled upon the ribs; aperture nearly orbicular, lip sinuously reflected on either side, columella arched. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 429. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. The largest species of the genus, extremely variable in sculpture, but it may be remarked, as a general rule, that in the earlier whorls the longitudinal sculpture pre- dominates, whilst in the latter whorls the transverse sculp- ture is the most conspicuous. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) Meanta PERNAMBUCENSIS. Mel. lestd subpyramidali- turritd, solidiusculd, olivaceo-brunned, anfractibus declivi-tumidis, longitudinaliter usque ad peripheriam arcuatim plicatis, transversim crebricostatis, costs super plicas elevatiusculis, interstitiis crispato-granu- latis, suluris excavato-impressis ; apertura ovata, co- lumella arcuata. Tue PernamBuco Metania. Shell somewhat pyra- midally turreted, rather solid, olive-brown, whorls slopingly tumid, longitudinally arcuately plicated as far as the periphery, transversely closely ribbed, ribs a little raised on the folds, interstices crispately granuled, sutures excavately impressed; aperture ovate, columella arched. Hab. Pernambuco. A very characteristic richly-coloured shell, densely seulp- tured with narrow transverse ribs, passing over concentri¢ folds, which reach only to the periphery in each whorl. Melania Pt. I mncent DrookKs, Long MELANTIA. Puate II. Species 4. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Meranta HERcuLea. vaced, anfractibus novem ad decem, superné excavatis, Mel. testa turritd, virescente-oli- deinde concentricé plicato-costatis, costis confertis, tu- berculatis, anfractu ultimo subangulato, infra spirali- ter lirato; apertura ovata, ad basin productd. THe Hercurpan Menanta. Shell turreted, greenish- olive, whorls nine to ten, excavately sloping round the upper part, then concentrically plicately ribbed, ribs close-set, tubercled, last whorl slightly angled, spirally ridged below; aperture ovate, produced at the base. GouLp, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Ceylon; Thwaites. Of this very characteristic species I have not met with any specimen in such perfect condition as one figured some years ago, without a name, in Sowerby’s ‘Genera,’ in a plate which appeared more recently in my ‘ Conchologia Systematica,’ pl. 194. f. 2, with the name, erroneously given, of I. variabilis, Benson, and quoted in error by M. Souleyet in Zool. Voy. de la Bonite. Species 5. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) Merania tacustris. Mel. subulato-turritd, pervaria- bili, luted, aut rufo-fuscescente, aut nigra, anfractibus septem ad octo, spiraliter liratis, ultimo longitudina- liter plicato ; apertura ovatd, fauce cerulescente-albd. THE LacusTRINE MeLaniA. Shell subulately turreted, very variable, yellow, or reddish-brown, or black, whorls seven to eight, spirally ridged, the last longi- tudinally plicated; aperture ovate, interior bluish- white. Moretet, Test. Nov. Amer. Cent. part 1. p. 25. Hab. Vicinity of Yzabel, Guatemala. Of more solid growth, and less effused at the base than | M. glaphyra, but I doubt if they are distinct species. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA INquINATA. Mel. testa turritd, olivaced, an- fractibus octo ad novem, rotundatis, spiraliter liratis, liris irregularibus, subacutis, hie illic obsolete nodosis ; apertura rotundato-ovatd, parviusculd. Tue pYED MELANIA. Shell turreted, olive, whorls eight to nine, rounded, spirally ridged, ridges iregular, rather sharp, here and there obsoletely noduled ; aperture rotundately ovate, rather small. P Derrance#, Dict. Sei. Nat. p. 469. f. 291. Melania Reirvardii, De Haan. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. Belonging to the Philippine type represented by J. as- perata, into which this and the following species may clearly be traced by a sufficient collocation of individual specimens. Species 7. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Metanta pactytus. Mel. testd subulato-turritd, luteo- fusca aut ferrugined, anfractibus decem ad duodecin, convexis, spiraliter dens? elevato-striatis, longitudina- liter confertim plicato-liratis, liris versus aperturan obsoletis, anfractibus ultimis duobus vel tribus inter- dum biseriatim tuberculatis ; apertura rotundato-ovata. Tue rincer Mezanta. Shell subulately turreted, yel- lowish-brown or rust-colour, whorls ten to twelve, convex, spirally densely elevately striated, longitudi- nally closely plicately ridged, ridges obsolete towards the aperture, last two or three whorls sometimes en- circled with two rows of tubercles; aperture rotun- dately ovate. Lua, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 191. Hab. Islands Guimaras, Mindanao, Luzon, and Leyte, Philippines (in small streams) ; Cuming. M. dactylus is of the same Protean character as AV. as- perata from the same locality, and is, perhaps, a variety of that species. It may, however, be observed that the longitudinal sculpture, be it ribs or plaits, is uniformly more crowded in the earlier whorls. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) Metania GuapHyra. Mel. testa pyramidali, olivaceo- Serrugined, anfractibus octo ad novem, superne planu- lato-declivibus, liris nigris nodulatis interruplis cingu- latis, anfractis ultimi parte inferiori liris integris levibus cingulatd ; aperturé oblongo-ovatd, ad basin subproducta. Tue carved Meanzta. Shell pyramidal, olive-rust, flatly sloping round the upper part, encircled with black interrupted noduled ridges, lower part of the last whorl encircled with entire smooth ridges ; aper- ture oblong-ovate, slightly produced at the base. More tet, Test. Nov. Amer. Cent. part 1. p. 24. Hab. River Usumasinta, Central America; Morelet. This species has more of a pyramidal than a subulate form, with the base somewhat produced. The whorls are encircled with characteristic black ridges on an olive-rust | ground, which upon the upper part of the last whorl are broken up into beads, raised upon obscure concentric folds. Towards the apex the sculpture is obsolete. November, 1859. = er Orta Te a Pest wal i: fe peels Jf Samar ARATE ee a! ee ee Dig @ yr te alait he A me | i : ore anh ree Ril ns ang : iow an Mn Sem Aer Tr a ae eat Ya Oye E degia ) pa egi ti a4 all jy ve” os hyd Ges, pe owths TA Nye 7 ‘ stop tn eld a me A Ok VE SG ae F enn eahp Tall Wah ee ge ar oF ais inw | all a Bel my ° 7 my, ; ee jag | ah by bel of, 5 ] j ‘tt V] - Meh Waker ound Bast? ane pray i Ha a) ik 7 rh Muti ee ee ee | apo by a i _ unse? pier hi ¢* a? ~e Ni a as = ag ee | aS SS ES aa —— . : me uh ta) ee ans ae : - : - ue ; + Hee wok? \ Ne page = iden eee Reels yal wrt My » a ci ance tc hae cays iy Tee bs 6 a: Citar “a ns oN Ge it : u 2) 1 a pee Me | me a jai} ae Pri! _ © a ; fF Whe i ies -" Gio’) pay, Ay wT ad e & ei tte | Hi - a td yg ae i @t AA iewl.4 ae : - ‘vad ¥ myrel, ; te pp : t F i ; of _ aa " o fintresw) a eit Fe eens ys ' a a : a 8 de lun 7 ee ar ' ; i i r liad LL - iv a wary ( eis tel) oy See Coe eel i "" ne . n : —— n : | la are be wa ‘ae —) ite ' > : ; - ' » : a) eo r . = . 1 i ¢ ba ‘ é a ¥ co a 7 7 + fides? sig ae ee Wes! 7) f ite fo ~_ : mH , : 1% Ky AG - ; i oy i i yy i a Lestat eal) a y i) ve t : : i ayy: ae “ai a~ _ yes , 24 7 a ope uti ie ae 7 P . i. ti os Pom A a { htt F 1 Lee 5 ae a i a ole a £ “| oan SAL ; i Pe ek? a © » @ La Fj . oa tp avi al Me Ps , : i 8,1 ii? MN gol ieee |) Laermer ¥ ah © i = re lay Te Pe ek has re £ ie) Oot ; a ton mis eo aw ¥ . | = ¥ ' it va, Sie ree 1 i ‘ ye _ ; j rs - : ” Metania Pt. Hf. 100. Vincent Broaks, Imp werby,del et hth 1) i De aes We Puate III. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA FERREA. Mel. testd angusta, fusco-nigra, ad suturas fuscescente, anfractibus conveais, superne sub- excavatis, undique tenué decussatim striatis, suturis submarginatis ; apertura oblongo-ovata. TRON Mewanra. Shell narrow, fuscous-black, brownish at the sutures, whorls convex, moderately excavated round the upper part, finely decussately striated throughout, sutures slightly margined ; aper- ture oblong-ovate. Hab. Borneo; Grand Bassam, West Africa. THE A smooth, decussately striated, fuscous shell, characte- ristically blending into a lighter brown at the sutural mar- gin of the whorls, below which there is a slight excavation. Mr. Cuming’s specimens from the two localities above named are unquestionably the same species. Species 10. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; 4, Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANIA corruGaTa. Jel. testé acute turritd, vires- cente-olivaced, fascia castaneé supra suturas, anfracti- bus novem ad decem, superné excavatis, deinde acute plicato-nodosis et concentricé corrugatis, anfractis ultimt parte inferiori spiraliter costatd; apertura ovatd, ad basin producta. THE WRINKLED Mopranta. Shell sharply turreted, greenish-olive, with a chestnut band above the su- tures, whorls nine to ten, excavated round the upper part, then sharply plicately noduled and concentri- eally wrinkled, lower part of last whorl spirally ridged ; aperture ovate, produced at the base. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vill. p. 430. Melania varicosa, Troschel. Hab. \ndia, Java. Tt is not often that more importance can be attached to colour than to sculpture, but in this species there is con- stantly an olive-chestnut band above the suture, whilst the ribs and tubercles are much more prominently and thickly developed in some specimens than in others, and some- times they almost disappear. The shell is rather more nar- rowly and sharply convoluted than is usual with species of this type, and hence the ribs have a more crowded appear- ance towards the apex. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA POLYGONATA. Mel. testa conico-turritd, soli- diusculd, luteo-olivaced, anfractibus octo ad novem, su- perne excavato-declivibus, juxta suturas spiraliter te- nuiliratis, medio angulatis et validé tuberculatis, tu- berculis subdistantibus, anfractis ultimi parte infe- riori spiraliter liratd ; apertura oblongo-ovata ad ba- sin producté et effusa. THE MANY-ANGLED Mbpuania. Shell conically turreted, rather solid, yellowish-olive, whorls eight to nine, ex- cavately slanting round the upper part, spirally finely ridged next the sutures, angled and strongly plicately tubercled in the middle, tubercles somewhat distant, lower part of the last whorl spirally ridged ; aperture oblong-ovate, produced and effused at the base. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 195. Hab. Copan, Central America. A fine conically turreted species, with the whorls pecu- liarly sloping round the upper half to a bold prominently tubercled periphery. This pent-like sloping of the whorls gives to the shell, which is of very solid growth, a rather sharply conical form. The epidermis has a characteristic yellowish hue. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) MeELANIA EPISCOPALIS. Mel. testa turrita, solidiusculd, luteo-olivaced, anfractibus convewis, superne subexcava- tis, deinde conspicue angulato-plicatis, plicis subdistan- tibus peculiariter oblique appressis, versus aperturam subobsoletis ; aperturd ovatd, ad basin subproducta. Tur EprscopaL Metanta. Shell turreted, rather solid, yellowish-olive, whorls convex, slightly excavated round the upper part, then conspicuously angularly plicated, plaits rather distant, peculiarly obliquely appressed, somewhat obsolete towards the aperture ; aperture ovate, slightly produced at the base. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 184. Hab. Malacca (in a sluggish river); Cuming. The shell here figured is not one of the four specimens mentioned by Mr. Lea as having been sent to him by Mr. Cuming, but one of larger and bolder growth, of which the actual habitat is not known. All the specimens are charac- terized by a peculiar pressing down of the ribs on one side. November, 1859. MELANIA.—Puate III. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA PLIcaTa. Mel. testé turritd, olivaceo-castaned, anfractibus superné declivi-angulatis, deinde longitudi- naliter plicatis, plicis ad angulum muricatis, anfractis ultimi parte inferiori remote spiraliter liratad ; aper- turd ovata, ad basin subproducta. THE PLAITED Mexanta. Shell turreted, olive-chestnut, whorls slopingly angled round the upper part, then longitudinally plicated, plaits prickly on the angle, | lower part of the last whorl distantly spirally ridged ; aperture ovate, slightly produced at the base. Lua, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. p. 26. pl. 23. f. 95. Hab. New Granada; Funck. This fine species approaches some varieties of WM. cor- rugata, but the longitudinal plaits are more distant from each other in the region of the apex, in consequence of the shell being formed on a less sharply attenuated plan of convolution. Species 14. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) Meianta Inpracostata. Mel. testd subulato-pyrami- dali, nigricante-olivaced, versus apicem fusco obscure flammulata, anfractibus primis convexo-planatis, cete- ris superné gradatim excavatis, deinde plicato-costatis, costis ad angulum abrupte tuberculatis ; apertura ob- longo-ovatd, ad basin producta et subeffusa. THE UNDER-RIBBED Meuanta. Shell subulately pyra- midal, blackish-olive, obseurely flamed with brown towards the apex, the first whorls convexly flattened, the rest gradually excavated round the upper part, then plicately ribbed, ribs abruptly tubercled at the angles ; aperture oblong-ovate, produced and slightly effused at the base. Mousson, Land und Siissw. Moll. Java, p. 65. pl. 10. f. 3. Melania pontificalis, V. d. Busch. Hab. River Tjiringhin, Java. The shell here figured is an authentic specimen of this species, from the cabinet of Dr. Von dem Busch, and, I venture to think, more correctly illustrates the characters deseribed by M. Mousson than his own figure, in which the ribs are not sufficiently abruptly tubercled, and the faint transverse strize have too much the appearance of corded ridges, such as appear in the Borneo WM. cireumstriata. The first few whorls of M. infracostata are flat, and with- out sculpture, and present a very characteristic though obscure painting of brown flames. Velania PLIV. Mei AG NGA. Prats IV. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) Menania MauruLa. Mel. testd turriculatd, nigricante- fusca, anfractibus convexis, superne anguste excavatis, deinde liratis, liris subobscuris ; aperturd parvd, ru- Sescente. Tue trrrLe Moor Metanra. Shell turriculated, black- ish-brown, rather solid, whorls convex, narrowly ex- eavated round the upper part, then ridged, ridges somewhat obscure; aperture small, tinged with red. Hab. South-east coast of Guinea. A rather narrowly turriculated shell, of solid growth, obscurely spirally ridged throughout, the upper margin of the whorls being lightly narrowly excavated. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) Mebanta BLaTTA. Mel. testé subulaté, ad basin sub- truncaté et clavatd, solidiusculd, levigatd, olivaceo- nigra, anfractibus novem ad decem, planatis, ad sutu- ras marginatis, anfractibus paucis, primis longitudina- liter plicato-costatis, costis confertis, de suturis decur- rentibus ; apertura ovata, ad basin latiusculd, mar- gine columellari laté calloso-planato. THE BEETLE Mevantra. Shell subulate, somewhat trun- cated and club-shaped at the base, rather solid, smooth, olive-black, whorls nine to ten, flat, mar- gined at the sutures, the first few whorls longitudi- nally plicately ribbed, ribs close-set, running from the sutures ; aperture ovate, rather broad at the base, columellar edge broadly callously flattened. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1850, p. 184. Hab. \bu, province of Zambales, Island of Luzon, Philip- pines (in a rapid river, and in rivulets) ; Cuming. In this species we have a distinct type of Melania, broadly truncate at the base, with the columellar margin of the aperture pressed inwardly to a broad flattened callosity. The whorls are not excavated round the upper part; the ribs run down from the extreme margin of the sutures. Species 17. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANIA ANTHRACINA. Mel. testd subulatd, subacicu- lari, solidiusculd, nigra, ad basin subclavatd, anfrac- tibus plano-convexis, spiraliter inciso-striatis, dense plicato-liratis, liris de suturis decurrentibus, versus aperturam gradatim obsoletis ; apertura ovata, parvi- usculd, ad basin subproducta, margine columellari cal- loso-planata. THE COAL-BLACK MenLAnta. Shell subulate, somewhat acicular, rather solid, black, somewhat club-shaped, whorls flatly convex, spirally incisely striated, densely plicately ridged, ridges running down from the su- tures, becoming obsolete towards the aperture ; aper- ture ovate, rather small, a little produced at the base, columellar margin callously flattened. Von prem Buscu, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. i. p. 160. pl. 3. f. 3. ? Hab. Of the same type as the preceding species, but quite distinct in its specific characters. is less callous, and the aperture is slightly produced at the The columellar margin | base; the longitudinal sculpture is finer, and of a different kind, whilst the whorls are encircled with engraved strie. M. funiculus of MM. Quoy and Gaimard, in Zool. Voy. de l Astrolabe, might be this or the preceding species ac- cording to the figure, but the description does not agree with either. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA crrcumstRiaTa. Mel. testd turritd, solidd, luteo-olivaced aut fusca, anfractibus convexis, superne paululum constrictis, stris elevatis undique spiraliter funiculatis, longitudinaliter valide costatis, costis sub- distantibus, versus aperturam obsoletis ; apertura ova- td, ad basin vie productd. THE STRIEZ-ENCIRCLED MeLanta. Shell turreted, solid, yellowish-olive or brown, whorls convex, a little con- tracted at the upper part, spirally corded throughout with raised strize, longitudinally strongly ribbed, ribs somewhat distant, obsolete towards the aperture; aperture ovate, scarcely produced at the base. Mertcatre, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 73. Hab. Borneo. Taking a rather broad view of the modifications of a species known to be of the most variable character, con- sequent on its wide geographical distribution, this might be pronounced to be the Borneo representative of the A. asperata of the Philippines. November, 1859. MELANIA.—Ptate IV. Species 19. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANIA PuLcHRA. Mel. testd elongato-turritd, nigra, anfractibus novem ad decem, rotundatis, liris distanti- bus cingulatis, quarum duabus centralibus tuberculatis ; apertura ovata. Tube BEAUTIFUL MELANtA. Shell elongately turreted, black, whorls nine to ten, rounded, encircled with distant ridges, of which the two middle ones are tu- berculated ; aperture ovate. Von prem Buscu, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. iii. p. 55. pl. 5. f. 1. Hab. ? I adopt this species with reluctance. It appears to me to be an unusually fine example of the variety of AZ. aspe- rata, figured at Plate I. Fig. 2a and 28. If MW. pulchra be allowed to stand, these two shells may be referred to it. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) Meant opgtiscus. Met. testé pyramidali, solida, ni- gr, anfractibus octo ad novem, primis planis, levibus, cateris excavato-declivibus, deinde conspicué tubercu- lato-angulatis, anfractis ultimi parte inferiori spira- liter liratd ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, subproducta. Tur OBELISK Metanta. Shell pyramidal, solid, black, whorls eight to nine, the first flat and smooth, the rest excavately sloping, then conspicuously tubercu- lately angled, lower portion of the last whorl spirally ridged beneath ; aperture oblong-ovate, slightly pro- duced. Hab, Honduras; Dyson. A fine, solid species, partaking of the typical characte- ristics of WZ. polygonata. It is remarkable for the com- pressed tubercular prominence of the periphery of the last and penultimate whorls. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) Metania rustica. Jel. oblongo-subulata, fusco-nigra, anfractibus subangustis, levibus, superné sublaté super- ficialiter excavatis ; aperturaé parviusculd, margine columellari calloso-planato. Tue rustic Mepania. Shell oblong-subulate, fuscous- black, whorls rather narrow, smooth, rather broadly superficially excavated at the upper part; aperture rather small, columellar margin callously flattened. Mousson, MS. Mus. Cuming. Hab. ? The whorls of this species are smooth, and rather nar- rowly drawn out, and the sutural excavation is propor- tionably broader, and superficial. Nelania Pl. V. Ra MELANITA. Pate V. Species 22. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming. V.d. Busch.) Meranta coarctTata. Mel. testd turriculatd, ad basin subclavatd, intense olivaced, anfractibus octo ad novem, Fig. 4, Mus. convexis, superne subexcavatis, striis incisis spiraliler cingulatis, striis superioribus in anfractibus duobus ultimis obsoletis, longitudinaliter superficialiter plicato- corrugatis ; apertura parvd, rotundato-ovatd. CONTRACTED MeLania. Shell turriculated, some- what club-shaped at the base, dark-olive, whorls eight to nine, convex, slightly excavated round the upper part, spirally encircled with engraved striae, upper striz on the last two whorls obsolete, longi- tudinally superficially plicately wrinkled; aperture small, rotundately ovate. LaMAnck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vill. p. 430. Hab. Java, Philippine Islands; Cuming. THE A dark, greenish-olive shell, encircled with conspicu- ously cut, engraved striw, which in the last two whorls appear only on the lower half. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta CUMINGII. anfractibus octo ad novem, costa tumidaé angulari spi- Mel. testa subulato-turritd, nigra, raliter coronatis, deinde concavo-planatis, longitudina- liter minute crispato-rugatis, striis spiralibus incisis decussatis ; apertura parviusculd, ad basin latd, mar- gine columellari calloso-appresso. Cumina’s Metanra. Shell subulately turreted, black, whorls eight to nine, coronated with a spiral swollen angular rib, then concavely flattened, longitudinally minutely crisply wrinkled, decussated with spiral en- egraved striz; aperture rather small, broad at the base, columellar margin callously appressed. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 191. Hab. Island of Siquijor, Philippines (in very small streams) ; Cuming. A strikingly characteristic species of the JZ. d/atla type, distinguished by having the whorls spirally surmounted by a stout, cord-like marginal rib. Species 24. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA FULGIDA. Mel. testé aciculari, ad basin tumi- diusculd, tenui, semipellucidd, virescente vel olivaced, punctis perpaucis rufis obscuré maculata, suturis albi- dis, anfractibus tredecim ad quatuordecim, primis pau- cis dense longitudinaliter costatis ; apertura parvius- culd, ad basin lati, margine columellari calloso-ap- pressit. THE GLITTERING MELANIA. Shell acicular, somewhat swollen at the base, thin, semitransparent, pale-green or olive, obscurely sparingly red-dotted, sutures whit- ish, whorls thirteen to fourteen, the first few closely longitudinally ribbed; aperture rather small, broad at the base, columellar margin callously appressed. Hab. Islands of Guimaras and Siquijor; Cuming. These two shells, submitted by Mr. Cuming to Mr. Lea, and pronounced by him to be a variety of his JV. aculeus (M. crenuluta, Chemn.), appear to me to have a specific assemblage of characters of their own. I cannot bring them into any of the numerous varieties of that species. clavate towards the base, and have no transverse sculpture whatever. The first few whorls are closely, minutely, longitudinally ribbed. The sutures are whitish, and there is a characteristic though obscure sprinkling of red spots. They are of light semitransparent substance, Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA PYRAMIDALIS. Wel. testd elonyato-pyramidali, solidd, ponderosa, sordide olivaced, versus apicem ru- bello flammulatd, anfractibus duodecim ad tredecin, convewo-planis, interdum obscuré spiraliter liratis : apertura ovata, ad basin producté et subeffusd. THE PYRAMIDAL Muanta. Shell clongately pyramidal, solid, heavy, dull-olive, painted towards the apex with reddish flames, whorls twelve to thirteen, con- vexly flattened, sometimes obscurely spirally ridged ; aperture ovate, produced and a little effused at the base. More.et, Test. Nov. Amer. Cent. part 1. p. 25. Hab. Upper Tabasco, Mexico. This bold solid species presents a characteristic step to Mr. Lea’s genus Pachycheilus, and should have been figured along with that group. November, 1859. MELANIA.—Puate V. Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA CRENULATA. Mel. testa subulatd, intensé olivaced, THe anfractibus decem ad undecim, convexis, superne sub- contractis, spiraliter late planiliratis et sulcatis, liris superioribus quadrato-granatis ; aperturdoblongo-ovata, margine columellari calloso-appressa. CRENULATED MeELANIA. Shell subulate, dark-olive, whorls ten to eleven, convex, a little contracted at the upper part, spirally broadly flatly ridged and grooved, uppermost ridges square-grained ; aperture oblong-ovate, columellar margin callously appressed. for) ot | Helix turrita-crenulata, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. xi. p. 1 | Melania crenulata, Deshayes. | Melania Tirouri, Férussac. | Melanie Tirouri and Celebensis, Quoy. | Melania aculeus, Lea. Hab. Philippine Islands. An extremely variable species, though presenting in all its varieties few or more transverse grooves, with the | intermediate ridges crenulated through being cut into | flattened quadrate warts or grains by longitudinal en- graved striz. + Melania Pl. VT. UA a vob Ub Vena ANE A. Puate VI. Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA cocHuIptIum. Mel. testdé acute subulatd, ad basin angulato-clavatd, solidiusculd, virente-olivaced vel rufescente, anfractibus undecim ad duodecim, pri- mis paucis oblique minute costatis, ceteris planis, levi- bus, oblique striatis, anfractu ultimo carind obtusd prominente superné funiculato ; aperturaé parviusculd, margine columellari calloso-incurvo. THE WINDING-sTAIR MeLanta. Shell sharply subulate, angularly club-shaped at the base, rather solid, green- ish-olive or reddish, whorls eleven to twelve, the first few obliquely minutely ribbed, the rest flat, smooth, obliquely striated, last whorl corded round the upper part with a prominent minute keel; aper- ture rather small, columellar margin callously in- curved. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 183. Hab. Islands of Siquijor and Guimaras, Philippines (in very small streams) ; Cuming. This is, I fear, a variety, if not a monstrosity, of AZ. so- bria of the same author, with the last whorl bulging round the upper part into a prominent shelf. Both are from the same locality. Species 28. (Fig. 28 a, 6, and 29a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA COSTATA. vaceo vel nigricante, anfractibus tredecim ad quatuor- Mel. testé aciculari, angusta, oli- decim, superné contractis, deinde plicato-costatis, striis incisis spiraliter sulcatis ; aperturd parviusculd, mar- gine columellari incurva. THE RIBBED Mexanta. Shell acicular, narrow, olive or blackish, whorls thirteen to fourteen, contracted round the upper part, then plicately ribbed, grooved throughout with spiral engraved strize; aperture ra- ther small, columellar margin callously incurved. Quoy and Garmarp, Zool. Voy. de lAstrolabe, vol. iii. p- 155. pl. 56. f. 34-37. Melania hastula, Lea. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. This species is of the same Protean character as JM. as- perata. In its typical state, as represented by M. Quoy, and in the accompanying Plate, at Fig. 28 a, it is of very slender acicular form, encircled throughout with strongly grooved striz, crossing over prominent longitudinally pli- cated ribs. The ribs and grooves in some specimens, as at Fig. 29a, are much less apparent, and in others, as at Fig. 294, they are not developed at all; and the shell re- lieved of this crumpled sculpture is always larger and thinner, just as in the Cones the shell is smaller when gra- nulated, and larger when the calcifying functions of the animal are not absorbed in the work of elaboration. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) Meant opstricta. Mel. testd acute subulatd, te- nuiculd, ad basin constrictd et truncatd, luteo-oliva- cea, corned, castaneo irregulariter longitudinaliter punctato-flammatd, anfractibus decem ad duodecim, superne peculiariter constrictis, levibus, ad suturas subplicatis ; apertura breviusculd, labro effuso. Tue trep Mezanta. Shell elongately subulate, rather thin, constricted and truncated at the base, yellowish- olive, horny, irregularly longitudinally dot-flamed with chestnut, whorls ten to twelve, peculiarly con- stricted round the upper part, smooth, a little puck- ered at the suture ; aperture rather short, lip effused. Hab. P A very distinct, smooth species, of which Mr. Cuming has specimens with and without flamed painting, of a cha- racteristic sombre olive-colour, peculiarly constricted both on the upper and lower parts of the whorls. Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA CANALICULATA. Mel. testd turriculatd, in- tense castaned, anfractibus subangustis, rotundatis, levibus vel obscuré spiraliter striatis, superné con- spicue late concavo-canaliculatis ; aperturé parva, ovata, ad basin subproducta. THE CHANNELLED Mepanta. Shell twriculated, dark- chestnut, whorls rather narrow, rounded, smooth, or obscurely spirally striated, conspicuously broadly concavely channelled round the upper part ; aperture small, ovate, slightly produced at the base. Hab. Sooloo Islands. A rather narrow turriculated shell, of solid growth, and dark-chestnut colour, encircled throughout beneath the suture with a broad, neatly excavated channel. It re- sembles in some respects the figure of IZ. Towrannensis, a species unknown to me, described by M. Souleyet in the Zool. Voy. de la Bonite, but it is more slender, and has not the produced extension of the lip, of which he gives an enlarged outline. November, 1859. DAK a One wo ah oy We a si fae Cn On oer PAMPER Pale: i" wha & 4). tals ; i. 7 a Vu , Y ‘ Daal? \y " areas = = tat 7 a ee : a i Melania Pl. VHT. MELANTA. Prats VII. Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) Mexanta sopria. Mel. testd acuté subulatd, ad basin subangulatd, solidiusculd, virente-olivaced aut rufes- cente, prope suturas obscure rufo-maculatd, anfractibus undecim ad duodecim, planatis, tenue oblique striatis, anfractibus perpaucis primis minute costatis ; aperturd parviusculd, margine columellari calloso-incurvo. THe soBER Me.anra. Shell sharply subulate, slightly angled at the base, rather solid, greenish-olive or reddish, obscurely red-spotted near the sutures, whorls eleven to twelve, flattened, finely obliquely striated, the first few whorls minutely ribbed; aperture rather small, columellar margin callously incurved. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 181. Hab, Island of Siquijor, Philippines (in very small streams); Cuming. A shell of solid growth, with a shining olive epidermis, obscurely red-spotted beneath the sutures. ‘The first few whorls are minutely ribbed. Mr. Lea’s M. cochlidium appears to me, from a careful comparison of his types, to be a variety of this species in which the last whorl is produced round the upper part into a prominent thickened shelf. Species 33. (Pig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA JUNCEA. pallescente-olivaced, pellucida, rufo-flammulata, inter- Mel. testd elongato-subulatd, tenui, dum purpureo-fuscd aut nigricante, suturis albidis, anfractibus duodecim, convexis, supernée subdeclivi-in- curvo, spiraliter sulcato-striatis, striis plus minus dis- tantibus ; apertura parva. THE BULRUSH MewLania. Shell elongately subulate, thin, pale-olive, transparent, flamed with red, some- times purple-brown or blackish, sutures whitish, whorls twelve, convex, somewhat slopingly incurved round the upper part, spirally groove-striated, strize more or less distant; aperture small. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 189. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (in Lake of Taal, and in small streams); Cuming. A slender, gracefully subulate species, of light sub- stance, marked with red flames in its typical state, but varying in colour to a dark chocolate-brown, or black. Species 34. (Fig. 34a, Mus. Cuming. V.d. Busch.) Metanra Mrnportensts. Mel. testdé conico-subulata, tenui, tumiduld, virente-olivaced, anfractibus undecim ad duodecim, plano-convervis, striis elevatis lirisque planatis, quarum interstitiis excavatis, wndique cingu- latis; aperturd oblongo-ovatd, margine columellari Fig. 344, Mus. calloso-incurvo. Tue Minporo Mexanta. Shell conically subulate, thin, rather swollen, greenish-olive, whorls eleven to twelve, flatly convex, encircled throughout with raised strice and flattened ridges, the interstices between which are excavated; aperture oblong-ovate, columellar margin callously incurved. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 187. Hab. Puerto Galero, Island of Mindoro, Philippines (in small streams); Cuming. Of a characteristic conically subulate form, encircled throughout with more or less regularity by flattened ridges or striz, between which the interstices are often excavated with particular distinctness. Another character to be noted is that the shell is painted with a profusion of red dots, which appear only on the ridges, never in the in- terstices. Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.) Meuanra crncta. Mel. testd subulatd, tenuicula, rufo- castaned, ad basin fascia angusta luteold cingulata, an- fractibus duodecim, plano-convexis, ad suturas submar- ginatis, prints paucis spiraliter sulcato-striatis et con- spicue oblique corrugato-plicatis ; apertura parvius- culd, margine columellari calloso-incurvo. THE GIRDLED MeuLanra. Shell subulate, rather thin, reddish-chestnut, encircled at the base with a narrow yellowish band, whorls twelve, flatly convex, slightly margincd at the sutures, the first few spirally groove- striated, and conspicuously obliquely wrinkle-plaited ; aperture rather small, columellar margin callously in- curved. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 183. Hab. India. The narrow yellow band which is seen at the base of this species is a very characteristic feature. In the con- voluted portion of the shell it is concealed by the over- November, 1859. MELANIA.—Piate VII. coiling of the whorls. The wrinkle-like plaits at the apex | Puuro’s Meuanta. Shell pyramidally subulate, shining- are unusually strongly developed and distant, and they black, whorls convexly flattened, longitudinally crisply cease rather abruptly. | striated, striz a little plicated near the sutures, su- | tures impressed ; aperture ovate, columellar margin callously incurved. Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.) | Hryps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 55. pl. 15. f. 14. Mezanta Pruronis. Mel. testd pyramidato-subulatd, | Hab. Feejee Islands (in the rivers) ; Hinds. nitente-atra, anfractibus convexo-planatis, longitudi- A solid black shell, apparently smooth, but on exami- naliter crispato-striatis, striis prope suturas subplica- | nation with the lens it will be seen that the surface is tis, suturis impressis ; aperturaé ovata, margine colu- , covered with crisp wrinkle-like striz, which at the sutures mellari calloso-incurvo. | take the form of concentric folds. - . a - 7 . i!) ware 7 " - 7 “ és A ¥f = 7 : i Vr aN : ny yz “7 Catt : ae , : = , - _— vi) bh - .? - = f] : 7 7 Oy mo - = yt Ve A : = oft aa n ie ¥ > 7 e “\e " - Z a ; ' ~~ , ene) dk oe. a > — aes 7 7 > > io ra. a 4 an ‘a _ 9 = a 4 _ ' nf rot” : 7 a - a : 7 ean ae > a 1 : A — _ + en FF _ ‘ ; ae . AL ¥ 7 >e : 4 a) a oe a - : a wm So >» i] - _ : = : - . er) ’ Via : ; . i - “wa a AS a -_ iy _ - ; - ” 7? » a 7 _ — 7 a | a 7 Oe i - Py ! 7k _ - _ ¥ ; » _ 7 > - : ' i - a o , a « * «= _ - 7 a | F ‘ - 7 ae a eed 7 . ae oa . > C7 ai _ i rs Sa “= Ms 7 7 a oS j = n . Lap 7 - . _ - 7 a - } = é _ _ a - i > - T ’ we 7 - 7 ; ' - ae 7 > — - 7 . : a 4 a 7 7 ; 7 7.) . 7-> ie : 4 » 7 = >" 7 . Dose oe 4 > - 7 a oa > can Se 7 — - - i « , * ee a a 7 ~¥ : @ “he pe — ro NS aed ts Ve a nal - : 7 ' mS pk. : vo 7 . ome 7 “§ : ed ire ~* i i Ja 7 7 - Jo ot - 4 - = = oe - 4 - _ - : a ay i a . : a ‘ al . : io _ . . ; pee. reat - : : a) . 7 - i - > = 7, 7 _ 7 7 7 a) 7. a 7 —_ =_ y= 7 Lew. : ae <— 2 J a ~~ ? . 4 : 2 7 ae a - - a ak 7 a )- ae : _ is -_ 7. - - - > i] ) - : , e 7 : Me -_ a ¢ 7 Pe : ~; , 7 - . * 7 7 i, on har . ; : . 2 ye «© : > 2 oo : a oe Jao : } ~ %, a + — = oe a a : ii 7 —_ 7 7 > @. ’ A | r : : - / - n oe -_ P) 7 y . i ae NI Ld 5 ay | rae r- 2.” >> 4 oe oe ri oS! 7 os ae = eo 7 : : > A 7 = i 4 £39 => a a‘. eo , a> > ae -_ _ . 7 a - 7 (a a 7 a | 7 oA — a . 7 a ¥ a : a . 7 . - 7 ] : - - _ = ia 7< a” - i? a : - - ae c* _ 2 . . nl - 1? ecaae : ' ; 7 , AS _ 7 ata 7 Nes ad . . : . a) s ' * ‘ey : iL Wy J : . Vero q ys: ‘wl ’ ese > ~ ied : 7 ~e rn wads ne yi 7 . x ao 7 - ie 7 _ _— er Go ae - : _ q = - > - wa - _ : => 7, ho > 7 al - i . » 7 vk 7 : 7 a = * 7 > d i La ra ‘ —~ Melanta Pl. Vil. verby, del.ethth MELANT A: Prate VIII. Species 37. (Fig. 37a, Mus. Cuming. Fig. 374, Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANIA SEMICANCELLATA. Mel. testd subulatd, versus basin obesé et clavatd, nigricante-olivaced, anfractibus novem, primis paucis plicis longitudinalibus sulcisque spiralibus cancellatis, plicis sulcisque gradatim evani- dis, spire suturd impressd ; apertura ovatd, margine columellari subcalloso. THE HALF-CANCELLATED MeuLAnta. Shell subulate, stout and club-shaped towards the base, dark-olive, whorls nine, the first few cancellated with longitudi- nal plaits and spiral grooves, plaits and grooves gra- dually vanishing, suture of the spire impressed ; aper- ture ovate, columellar margin rather callous. Von pem Buscu, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. i. p. 189. pl. 3. f. 2. Hab. Java? The shell represented at Fig. 374 is the type of the species, from the collection of Dr. Von dem Busch. The upper portion is cancellated by longitudinal folds crossed with spiral grooves, which soon become indistinct, and disappear. Species 38. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANIA PANTHERINA. Mel. testd subulatd, solidius- culd, virescente-albd, flammis rufis breviusculis biseria- tim cingulatd, anfractibus decem ad duodecim, plano- convexis, undique lineari-sulcatis ; apertura parvius- culd. THE PANTHER Mepianra. Shell subulate, rather solid, greenish-white, encircled with rows of short red flames, whorls ten to twelve, flatly convex, linearly grooved throughout ; aperture rather small. Von vem Buscu, Malak. Blitt. 1858, vol. v. p. 33. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. A rather solid, finely grooved shell, painted in a charac- teristic manner throughout with rows of short, promiscu- ously waved, red flames. Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA LANCEA. WMel. testé subulato-turriculatd, livi- do-olivaced, anfractibus decem ad duodecim, convexis, levibus, inferné spiraliter lineari-sulcatis ; apertura parviusculd, margine columellari calloso-ineurvo. THe tance Menanra. Shell subulately turriculated, livid-olive, whorls ten to twelve, convex, smooth, spirally linearly grooved round the lower part ; aper- ture rather small, columellar margin callously in- curved. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 183. Hab. Oheataroa, Society Islands. A dull, livid-olive shell, with the whorls linearly grooved round the lower part of each. Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA Lmvis. Mel. testd pyramidali-clavatd, solidi- usculd, nigricante-castaned, anfractibus septem ad octo, planatis, longitudinaliter crispato-striatis, spiraliter superficialiter sulcatis, spire suturd impressd, anfrac- tu ultimo ventricoso, obtuse angulato ; apertura ovata, margine columellart calloso. Tue smoorH Mewanta. Shell pyramidally club-shaped, rather solid, blackish-olive, whorls seven to eight, flattened, longitudinally crisply striated, and spirally superficially grooved, suture of the spire impressed, last whorl ventricose, obtusely angled ; aperture ovate, columellar margin callous. Gray, Griff. Cuv. Animal Kingdom, pl. 14. f. 8. Fab. ? A stout, crisply-striated shell. Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) Metania recTA. Mel. testa elongato-turriculatd, solidd, Sumeo-olivaced, anfractibus duodecim ad tredecim, la- vibus, undique oblique valide plicatis, spire suturd minute canaliculatd ; apertura parvd, margine colu- mellari calloso. Tue sTraicHT Mevanta. Shell elongately turriculated, solid, smoky-olive, whorls twelve to thirteen, smooth, obliquely strongly plaited throughout, suture of the spire minutely channelled ; aperture small, columellar margin callous. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 185. Hab. Islands of Siquijor and Negros, Philippines; Cuming. The strong, oblique plaits of this species are rather un- usual in the genus. November, 1859. MELANIA.—Prate VIII. Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA ALBESCENS. Wel. testa conico-subulatd, solidi- usculd, ulbidd, virescente-tinctd, lineis interruptis rufis interruptd, infra suturas in maculis interdum aggre- gatis, anfractibus decem ad undecim, concavo-planatis, levibus ; apertura parviusculd. THe wuitisH Menanta. Shell conically subulate, ra- ther solid, whitish, tinged with green, encircled with interrupted red lines, sometimes collected in blotches beneath the sutures, whorls ten to eleven, concavely flattened, smooth; aperture rather small. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 188. Hab. Islands of Guimaras, Negros and Siquijor, Philip- pines (in small streams); Cuming. This species may be readily distinguished by its encir- cling network of interrupted red lines, which incline to congregate into blotches beneath the suture. Melania Pl. 1X. MELANIA, Prats IX. Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) Metania picta. Mel. testé abbreviato-subulatd, luteo- olivaced, flammis castaneo-rufis longitudinalibus undi- que picti, anfractibus novem ad decem, concentrice validée plicatis, prope suturas spiraliter lineari-sulca- tis ; apertura pared. THE PAINTED Metanta. Shell shortly subulate, yel- lowish-olive, painted throughout with longitudinal chestnut-red flames, whorls nine to ten, strongly con- centrically plaited, spirally linearly grooved next the sutures ; aperture small. Hips, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 56. pl. 15. f. 3. Hab. Feejee Islands; Macgillivray. The striped painting is very conspicuous in this species, extending even to the callous columellar margin, and the whorls are for the most part strongly plicated. Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA UntIsuLcCATA. Wel. testd acute tereti, solidius- culd, virente-olivaced, prope apicem obscure rufo-punc- tata, anfractibus quindecim ad seadecim, planulatis, undique dense spiraliter inciso-striatis, sulco unico in- fra suturas ; apertura anguste ovatd, margine colu- mellari plano-calloso. THE ONE-GROOVED Meant. Shell sharply tapering, rather solid, greenish-olive, obscurely red-dotted near the apex, whorls fifteen to sixteen, flattened, closely encircled throughout with engraved strie, with a single groove below the sutures; aperture narrowly ovate, columellar margin flatly callous. Hab. ie I cannot bring this shell to agree with any known va- riety of its Protean congeners. It is of rather solid Tere- éra-like growth, chiefly distinguished by a single linear groove running throughout the upper part of the whorls. Species 45. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANIA FLAMMULATA. solidiusculd, rufescente-albd, flamimis rufis subdistan- tibus undique pictd, anfractibus undecim ad duodecin, convexo-planatis, striis incisis dense cingulatis, sub lente minute longitudinaliter crispato-striatis ; apertura pared, margine columellari calloso-incur'vo. Mel. testa anguste subulata, | THE FLAMED Mexanta. Shell narrowly subulate, rather solid, reddish-white, painted throughout with rather distant red flames, whorls eleven to twelve, convexly flattened, encircled with close-set engraved strie, beneath the lens minutely longitudinally crisply stri- ated ; aperture small, columellar margin callously in- curved. e Von prem Busca, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. WOlsns paelley plewdlin fe Ssy Se Hab. Java. The flamed painting of this species has a character of its own, and the structure and contour of the whorls is also peculiar. Species 46. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA TEREBRA. Mel. testd angusté tereti, virente- olivaced, infra suturas rufo flammatd, suturis albis, anfractibus duodecim ad quatuordecim, convevo-planis, striis spiralibus tenuibus striisque longitudinalibus erispatis undique confertim decussatis ; apertura par- viusculd, margine columellari calloso-incurvo. THE AUGER MELANIA. Shell narrowly tapering, green- ish-olive, flamed with red beneath the sutures, sutures white, whorls twelve to fourteen, convexly flattened, closely decussated throughout with fine, spiral, and longitudinal crisped striz ; aperture rather small, co- lumellar margin callously incurved. Von pem Buscu, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. VOlods ps 4s plo five Hab. Java. The original type of this species, figured by Dr. Philippi. is an extremely young shell. A more mature specimen, received from Dr. V. d. Busch, has enabled me to identify it with the still finer specimen in Mr. Cuming’s collection, | represented in the accompanying Plate. Species 47. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) Metanita Petitr. Mel. testé subulatd, subventricosd, sordidé olivaced, anfractibus decem ad duodecim, sul- cis paucis superficiariis linearibus irregularibus cin- gulatis, longitudinaliter irregulariter corrugato-stria- fis ; apertura ovatd, margine columellari calloso. Petir’s Mexanra. Shell subulate, slightly ventricose, November, 1859. MELANIA.—P ate IX. dingy-olive, whorls ten to twelve, encircled with a few superficial irregular linear grooves, longitudinally irregularly wrinkle-striated ; aperture ovate, columel- lar margin callous. Pururers, MS. in Mus. V. d. Busch. Hab. ——? A very distinct and well-defined species, though of simple character. The superficial grooving and striation would appear from its irregularity and wrinkled character to exist only in the shining dingy-olive epidermis, Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.) Mevania acuta. Wel. testa tereti, fusco-nigra, anfrac- tibus undecim ad duodecim, levibus, convexis, superné superficialiter constrictis; apertura ovatd, margine columellari calloso-incurvo. THe sHARP Mrzania. Shell tapering, fuscous-black, whorls eleven to twelve, smooth, convex, superficially constricted at the upper part; aperture ovate, colu- mellar margin callously incurved. Lea, Obs. vol. iv. p. 70. Hab. Arroo Isles. A light, smooth shell, of shining fuscous-black, having the whorls delicately superficially constricted round the upper part. Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.) MeLania FicuratTa. Mel. testé angusté subulatd, oliva- ced, flammis brevibus purpureo-rufis infra suturas cin- gulata, deinde lineis purpureo-rufis interruptis, an- Sractibus duodecim ad tredecim, convexo-planatis, le- vibus ; apertura parva. THE FIGURED Mexanta. Shell narrowly subulate, olive, encircled below the sutures with short purple-red flames, then with interrupted purple-red lines, whorls twelve to thirteen, convexly flattened, smooth; aper- ture small. Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 56. pl. 15. f. 13. Hab. New Hebrides; Hinds. An excellent species, not figured, I regret to say, in the accompanying Plate, with Mr. Sowerby’s usual suc- cess. The coloured flames appear only on the upper part of the whorls, not on the lower part as well, as depicted in the penultimate whorl of our figure; and the lower portion of each whorl is delicately painted with interrupted transverse lines of colour. Melania PU. X. 53 a 16 MELANIA. Puate X. Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanra Buscutana. Mel. testd aciculari, spird pera- cutd, intense olivaced, flammis nigris longitudinaliter copiose pictd, anfractibus superne constrictis, ad margi- nem funiculatis, undique transversim punctato-striatis ; apertura parviusculd, margine columellari calloso-in- cured. Buscu’s Metanta. Shell acicular, spire very sharp, dark-olive, copiously painted longitudinally with black flames, whorls constricted round the upper part, corded at the margin, transversely puncture-striated throughout ; aperture rather small, columellar margin callously incurved. Hab. California. In naming this very interesting Californian species after Dr. Von dem Busch, of Bremen, I am glad to avail my- self of the opportunity of thanking him for the prompt liberality with which he has sent me all the typical speci- mens of this family from his collection for examination. Without his aid there are several species described by German writers, which it is more than probable I should not have succeeded in identifying. Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA PYRAMIS. Mel. testd aciculari-turritd, pallidé olivaced, rufo-fusco copiose flammatd, fascid latiusculd ad basin, anfractibus tredecim ad quatuordecim, subro- tundatis, primis decem ad undecim spiraliter punctato- sulcatis, ceteris levibus; apertura parviusculd, late ovata, margine columellari ad basin calloso-effusa. Tue PYRAMID Mexanta. Shell acicularly turreted, pale- olive, copiously flamed with red-brown, with a rather broad band at the base, whorls thirteen to fourteen, somewhat rounded, the first ten or eleven spirally puncture-grooved, the rest smooth, aperture rather small, broadly ovate, columellar margin callously ef- fused at the base. Benson (not of V. d. Busch). Hab. Borneo. A rather light shell, with the whorls somewhat rounded, conspicuously painted throughout with very irregularly waved rust-brown flames, and encircled with ‘a rather broad band of the same colour at the base. Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.) MeLANIA ciMELIUM. Mel. testd acuminatd, solidiusculd, basin versus subangustd, olivaced, castaneo undique copiose flammulatd, lammulis gracilibus, acute undatis, confertis, anfractibus ad decem, planulatis, strits inci- sis perpaucis superficiariis cingulatis ; apertura parva. Tue seweL Mpuanta. Shell acuminated, rather solid, rather narrow towards the base, olive, everywhere copiously flamed with chestnut, flames slender, sharply waved, close-set, whorls about ten, rather flat, en- circled with a few superficial grooved striz ; aperture small. Hab. Solomon’s Island. A rather solid, shining, narrowly convoluted shell, prettily painted throughout with chestnut flames, which are unusually sharply zigzag and close-set. Species 53. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Meranra aspirans. Mel. testd angusté subulatd, olivaced vel fusco-nigra, anfractibus decem ad duodecim, pla- nulatis, latis, superne constrictis, ad marginem funi- culatis, interdum subplicatis, ultimo ad basin multisul- cato; aperturd parva, margine columelluri calloso- excavato. Tu asprrinG Metanta. Shell narrowly subulate, olive or brown-black, whorls ten to twelve, rather flat, broad, constricted at the upper part, corded at the margin, sometimes a little puckered, last whorl many-grooved at the base; aperture small, columellar margin cal- lously excavated. Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 56. pl. 15. Hab. Feejee \slands; Hinds. West Africa. This species is well distinguished by the pinched, drawn, out character of the whorls. The specimen Fig. 53 a, is one of Mr. Hinds’s original types, collected at the Feejee Islands, and that Fig. 53 4, undoubtedly the same species, was received by Mr. Cuming from West Africa. Species 54. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) Metanta Nicoparica. Mel. testa turriculatd, solidius- culd, nigra, anfractibus decem ad duodecim, subrotun- datis, primis undique spiraliter sulcatis, ceteris sulcis superioribus mediisque evanidis ; apertura parviusculd. December, 1859. MELANIA.—Ptate X. Tue Nicopar Meanta. Shell turriculated, rather solid, black, whorls ten to twelve, somewhat rounded, the first spirally grooved throughout, the rest with the upper and lower grooves fading away; aperture ra- ther small. Morcu, MS. in Mus. V. d. Busch. Hab. Nicobar. A rather solid shell, impressed at the suture, spirally grooved throughout in the earlier whorls, but in the later whorls only grooved at the lower part. Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.) MeELaNiIA FULGURANS. Mel. testa anguste tereti, solidi- usculd, pallidé olivaced, rufo-fusco longitudinaliter in- terrupte flammata, anfractibus decem ad duodecim, planulatis, primis longitudinaliter tenuicostatis, ceteris longitudinaliter striatis ; apertura parva, margine co- lumellari late callosa. THE LIGHTNING MELanta. Shell narrowly terete, rather solid, pale-olive, longitudinally interruptedly flamed with red-brown, whorls ten to twelve, rather flat, the first longitudinally finely ribbed, the rest longitudi- nally striated; aperture small, columellar margin broadly callous. Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 57. pl. 15. f. 6. Hab. New Hebrides. One of the most obvious peculiarities of this species consists in the coloured flames being interrupted through- out with transverse linear breaks. Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA INDEFINITA. Jel. testa turriculatd, virente- olivaced, suturis lutescentibus, anfractibus decem ad duodecim, spiraliter striato-sulcatis, superné oblique plicatis, ultimo subventricoso ; apertura ovata. Tue INDEFINITE Metanta. Shell turriculated, green- olive, sutures yellowish, whorls ten to twelve, spirally striately grooved, obliquely puckered round the upper part, last whorl rather ventricose; aperture ovate. Lra, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 187. Hab. Naga, Island of Luzon, Philippine Islands; Cuming. Sandwich Islands (sud nomine M. Newcombi); Pease. I see no difference between the Sandwich and Philip- pine Islands’ specimens excepting that the first are rather more puckered at the sutures. Species 57 (Fig. 57 and 58, Mus. V. d. Busch.) Meania acutisstma. Mel, testd acute subulata, nigri- cante-olivaced, flammis fuscis brevibus infra suturas in- terdum pictd, anfractibus decem ad duodecim, plano- conveuis, decussatim striatis, ad marginem funiculatis ; apertura ovata, margine columellari calloso-excavatis. THE VERY SHARP Meanta. Shell sharply subulate, blackish-olive, sometimes painted beneath the sutures with short brown flames, whorls ten to twelve, flatly convex, decussately striated, corded at the margin; aperture ovate, columellar margin callously excavated. Von pem Buscu, Malak. Bhitt. vol. v. p. 33. Hab. ? The spire of this species is rather more attenuately drawn out than usual. Melania PUAL werby, del et fith Vincent Brooks Imp MELANIA. Prats XI. Species 59. (Mus. Benson.) MELANIA TEREBRA. JSusco-olivacea, immaculata, anfractibus octo ad decem, Mel. testé turriculatd, solidiusculd, rotundatis, levibus, superné declivi-impressis ; aper- turd parva, margine columellari calloso-reflexo. THE auUGER MemLANTIA. Shell turriculated, rather solid, brownish-olive, unspotted, whorls eight to ten, rounded, smooth, slopingly impressed round the upper part; aperture small, columellar margin cal- lously reflected. Benson, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Calcutta, 1836, vol. v. p. 747. Melania torquata, V. d. Busch. Hab. North-east frontier of Bengal; Benson. A rather solid, smooth shell, of slender growth, with the whorls rounded and rather flatly sloping from the sutures. Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.) Mebania Samoensis. Mel. testd tereti, tenuiculd, luteo- olivaced, nigricante-cinerco latifasciatd, infra suturas rufo-fusco breviflammata, anfractibus octo ad decem, latis, spiraliter densé striato-sulcatis, ad marginem fu- niculatis ; apertura subangusta, margine columellari calloso-incurvo. THe Samoe Metanta. Shell terete, rather thin, yel- lowish-olive, encircled by a broad blackish-ash band, with short red-brown flames beneath the sutures, whorls eight to ten, broad, spirally densely groove- striated, corded at the margin; aperture rather nar- row, columellar margin callousiy incurved. Hab. Isle of Samoe, Pacific ; Cuming. A well-defined species, of light substance, and rather slender growth, closely finely grooved throughout. The whorls are encireled round the middle with a dark-ash band, and above it is a fringe of red-brown flames upon a yellowish-olive ground. Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA LUCTUOSA. diusculd, olivaced, obscure rufo-fusco oblique breviflam- Mel. testé pyramidali-tereti, soli- matd, anfractibus decem ad undecim, medio concavius- culis, margine funiculatis, spiraliter sulcatis, liris in- termediis planatis ; apertura parva, subtrigono-ovata. THe mournruL Mezanta. Shell pyramidally terete, rather solid, olive, obscurely obliquely short-flamed with red-brown, whorls ten to eleven, rather concave round the middle, corded at the margin, spirally grooved, intermediate ridges flattened ; small, somewhat triangularly ovate. Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 56. pl. 15. f. 1. Hab. Feejee Islands; Hinds. aperture Of the same general typical character as the preceding Pacifie species, but quite distinct in detail. The shell is of a solid growth, with the whorls concavely contracted round the middle, and more prominently spirally grooved throughout. Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA SUBULA. vaced, cinereo-fusco tinctd, suturis luteolis, flamimis Mel. testa acute subulata, livido-oli- rufis brevibus descendentibus, anfractis ultimi bast lu- teold, anfractibus duodecim ad tredecim, primis spira- liter punctato-sulcatis, suleis versus aperturam grada- tim evanidis ; apertura parviusculd, margine columel- lari calloso-incurvo. THe awit Mepanta. Shell sharply subulate, livid-olive, stained with ash-brown, sutures yellowish, with short red flames descending, base of the last whorl yellow- ish, whorls twelve to thirteen, the first spirally punc- ture-grooved, grooves gradually disappearing towards the aperture; aperture rather small, columellar mar gin callously incurved. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 181. Hab. Mo-Ho, Isle of Panay, Philippines (in a small river) ; Cuming. The basal extremity of this sharply subulate shell and the upper margin of each whorl at the suture are of a light-yellowish colour, almost white, while the rest is of a livid smoky-olive. Species 63. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA CANALIS. virescente-luted, obscure rufo-fusco punctatd et brevi- flammata, anfractu ultimo prope basin fusco latifas- ciato, anfractibus decem ad duodecim, convevis, longi- Mel. testé subulatd, subventricosa, tudinaliter rudé subplicatis, spiraliter sulcatis, sulcis versus aperturam subevanidis, suturis impressis ; aper- turd ovata, basi subeffusa. THE canal MrLanta. greenish-yellow, obscurely dotted and short-flamed with red-brown, last whorl encircled near the base Shell subulate, rather ventricose, December, 1859. MELANIA.—P ate XI. with a broad brown band, whorls ten to twelve, convex, longitudinally rudely subplicated, spirally grooved, the grooves becoming fainter towards the aperture, sutures impressed; aperture ovate, effused at the base. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1850, p. 180. Hab. Island of Guimaras, Philippines (in small streams) ; Cuming. Very closely allied to the preceding species, and not improbably a variety of more ventricose and less subulate growth of ruder development. Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.) Mepanra rea. Mel. testd subulatd, olivaceo-virente, rufo-fusco infra suturas punctata et brevi-flammatd, anfractibus undecim ad duodecim, rotundatis, superne declivi-concavis, levibus, deinde convexis spiraliter lineari-sulcatis ; apertura parviusculd, basi subeffusa. THE Brass MetantA. Shell subulate, olive-green, dotted and short-flamed beneath the sutures with red-brown, whorls eleven to twelve, rounded, slopingly concave at the upper part, smooth, then convex, spirally li- nearly grooved; aperture rather small, slightly ef- fused at the base. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. Of the same typical form as the two preceding species from the same locality ; but, irrespective of a difference in the contour of the whorls, the light colouring of the sutures is wanting, and the linear grooves do not become obsolete. Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta Butiiorpes. Wel. testd acute subulatd, livido- Suscescente, olivaceo tinctd, immaculatd, anfractibus undecim ad duodecim, primis fortiter plicato-costatis, ceteris ad suturas tantum plicatis, medio levibus, su- pra et infra spiraliter lineari-sulcatis ; apertura par- viusculd, margine columellari calloso-incurvo. Tue Buiira-trke Metanta. Shell sharply subulate, hvid-brown, tinged with olive, unspotted, whorls eleven to twelve, the first strongly plicately ribbed, the rest plaited only at the sutures, smooth in the middle, spirally linearly grooved above and below ; aperture rather small, columellar margin callously in- curved. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. Chiefly distinguished from its allies of the same habitat by the strongly plicated growth, and remarkable for its re- semblance to a Bullia. Species 66. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta WALLACE. usculd, intense olivaced, anfractibus decem, minute cris- patis, infra suturas lineari-sulcatis, declivi-planatis, in- Mel. testé conico-subulatd, solidi- ferné abrupte angulatis et constrictis, versus apertu- ram rotundatis ; apertura parva, basi subeffusd. Wauuace’s Menanta. Shell conically subulate, rather solid, dark-olive, whorls ten, minutely crisped, linearly grooved beneath the sutures, slopingly flattened, abruptly angled and constricted at the lower part, rounded towards the aperture; aperture small, ef- fused at the base. Hab. Macassayr. A very characteristic species, collected by that most as- siduous traveller and naturalist Mr. Wallace, at Macassar. Its chief peculiarity consists in the conically pyramidal form of the earlier whorls, and their sudden angular con- striction at the lower part. Fig. 67. (Mus. Cuming). The shell here figured is a specimen from India, of im- mature growth, presenting characters which seem to pass into M. corrugata. Although smooth, there are indica- tions of the corrugate ribs of that species, as well as of the very characteristic dark sutural band. Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.) MeELANIA corporosa. Mel. testdé ovato-subulatd, livido- castaned, prope suturas lutescente, anfractibus paucis, subconvexis, levibus, minutissime decussatim striatis, versus apicem lineari-sulcatis, superne subimpressis, margine funiculatis ; aperturad parviusculd, margine columellari calloso-incurvo. stour Mxnanta. Shell ovately subulate, livid- chestnut, yellowish next the sutures, whorls few, slightly convex, smooth, minutely decussately striated, linearly grooved towards the apex, slightly impressed at the upper part, corded at the margin; aperture . rather small, columellar margin callously incurved. GouLp, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab, ——? THE Mr. Cuming possesses no information of the habitat of this shell. It very much resembles the JZ. ferrea, from Borneo, but I cannot find any trace of spiral linear grooves in the early whorls of that species, which is a character of importance. Melania Pl MIL. ~ MELANIA. Puate XII. Fig. 69. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) This little shell, received from Dr. Von dem Busch, proves on examination to be the young of MW. aspera, the variety represented in Plate I. Fig. 2 a. Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA Srinensts. Mel. testé ovato-subulatd, subven- tricosd, virescente-olivaced, anfractibus novem ad decem, convexis, undique spiraliter liratis, liris subsuperficia- ris ; aperturd ovata, basi subeffusa. Tue Cuina Mexanta. Shell ovately subulate, somewhat ventricose, greenish-olive, whorls nine to ten, convex, spirally ridged throughout, ridges somewhat super- ficial ; aperture ovate, slightly effused at the base. Hab. China. A shell of very simple character, superficially ridged throughout. Species 71. (Mus. Cuming.) Meania arcticava. Mel. testd subulatd, solidiusculd, intense olivaced, purpureo copiose punctatd, anfracti- bus octo ad decem, declivi-planulatis, longitudinaliter plicato-sulcatis, sulcis linearibus spiralibus decussatis ; apertura subanguste ovata. Tur GRoovep Menanta. Shell subulate, rather solid, dark-olive, copiously dotted with purple, whorls eight to ten, slopingly flattened, longitudinally plicately grooved, crossed with spiral linear grooves ; aperture rather narrowly ovate. Mousson, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. ? A very characteristic species, of solid growth, boldly pli- cately grooved longitudinally, and densely lnearly grooved transversely, dark-olive in colour, plentifully sprinkled with purple dots. Species 72. (Mus. Cuming.) MeELANIA PaGopuLUs. Mel. testa turritd, fuscescente- nigra, anfractibus sex ad septem, superne declivi-angu- latis, undique spiraliter liratis, liris plicis longitudina- libus hie illic decussatis ; apertura rotundato-ovata, parva. THE LITTLE PAGODA. Shell turreted, brownish-black, whorls six to seven, slopingly angled round the upper part, spirally ridged throughout, ridges crossed here and there with longitudinal folds ; aperture rotun- dately ovate, small. Hab. ? Nothing is known of the habitat of this well-marked species. Species 73. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANIA AQUATILIS. gra, anfractibus novem ad decem, convexis, concentrice erenatim plicatis, liris spiraliter funiculatis, anfractu Mel. testa subturritd, solida, ni- ultimo ad aperturam adscendente ; apertura lineari- ovatd, supra et infra effusd, columella excavatd. THE RIPPLED Mevanta. Shell somewhat turreted, solid, black, whorls nine to ten, convex, concentrically arcu- ately plicated, spirally corded with ridges, last whorl ascending at the aperture; apertnre lunar-ovate, ef- fused above and below, columella excavated. Hab. Tio Branca, Guiana. This shell has been taken for a variety of MW. ater, but it will be found to differ in its detail of sculpture, while it is uniformly of smaller size. Species 74. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta pxusta. Mel. testd pyramidali-subulatd, solida, exusto-olivaced, anfractibus octo ad novem, subplanu- latis, spiraliter lineari-sulcatis, versus apicem longitu- dinaliter oblique plicatis, suturis profundé impressis ; aperturd subanguste ovata. Tue scorcHeD Meanta. Shell pyramidally subulate, solid, burnt-olive, whorls eight to nine, rather flat- tened, spirally linearly grooved, longitudinally ob- liquely plicated towards the apex, sutures deeply im- pressed ; aperture rather narrowly ovate. Hab. Solomon's Island. Of avery distant type, having somewhat the aspect of a Quoyia. Species 75. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) Mezanra Eresus. Mel. testa oblonga, fusco-nigra, an- fractibus paucis, latis, subrotundatis, obsolete decussa- tim-liratis, levibus, superné lineari-sulcatis ; aperturd pared, basi subeffusd. December, 1859. MELANIA.—Piare XII. Tue Erepus Metanta. Shell oblong, brown-black, whorls few, broad, somewhat rounded, obsoletely de- cussately ridged, smooth, linearly grooved at the upper part; aperture small, slightly effused at the base. ?) Hab. Very simply characterized, but not agreeing with either of the Borneo and Western African species to which it is nearly allied. Species 76. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANIA CHARPENTIERI. subobesd, intense nigra, nitente, anfractibus octo ad Mel. testé pyramidali-conicd, novem, longitudinaliter plicato-costatis, spiraliter dense liratis, liris inter costas plus minus obsoletis, suturis subcanaliculatis ; apertura ovatd, basi subeffusi, co- lumellaé subeacavata. CHARPENTIER’s Metanta. Shell pyramidally conical, rather stout, deep-black, shining, whorls eight to nine, longitudinally plicately ribbed, spirally densely ridged, the ridges being more or less obsolete between the ribs, sutures rather channelled ; aperture ovate, sub- effused at the base, columella slightly excavated. Dunker, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Rio Branca, Guiana. Well characterized by its pyramidally conical form, and by the peculiarity of the spiral corded ridges being more or less obsolete on crossing the interstices between the lon- gitudinal ribs. Species 77. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) Metania Boykintana. Mel. testd ovatd, solidiuseu a, nigra, anfractibus paucis, pyramidali-declivibus, deinde abrupte angulatis, spiraliter nodoso-liratis, liris ad an- gulum tuberculatis ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, ad basin subeffusa. Boykin’s Meuanta. Shell ovate, rather solid, black, whorls few, pyramidally sloping, then abruptly angled, spirally nodosely ridged, ridges on the angle tubercled ; aperture oblong-ovate, somewhat effused at the base. Lea, Observations, vol. ii. pl. 66. f. 59. Hab. 2 Distinguished by a pyramidally sloping form and beaded necklace sculpture. Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.) MeLantia DECOLLATA. Mel. testé subtereti-ovatd, nigrd, anfractibus paucis, declivi-convevis, levibus ; aperturd oblongo-ovatd, basi subeffusa. THE DECOLLATED Metanta. Shell somewhat teretely ovate, black, whorls few, slopingly convex, smooth; aperture oblong-ovate, rather effused at the base. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vill. p. 431. Hab. Guinea. It is by no means certain that this shell is truly La- marck’s WM. decollata, but as it has been so named with some authority in Mr. Cuming’s collection, I give it as such. se = ish = = : a — - . 7 > 2s ; 7 - — a = a i -_ = : a ae : a. sue ‘ ae _ ° = & a rf « - a % é a - _ Melania PL AM. MELANTIA. Puisate XIII. Species 79. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta Trmorensts. Wel. testa acuté subulatd, tenui, pellucido-olivaced, rufo flammulatéd et punctatd, an- Sractibus nocem ad decem, spiraliter lineari-sulcatis, ultimo superne plicato ; apertura subangusté ovata. Tue Timor Metanta. Shell sharply subulate, thin, transparent-olive, flamed and dotted with red, whorls nine to ten, spirally linearly grooved, the last plicated round the upper part ; aperture rather narrowly ovate. Hab. Timor. As in the larger M. Mindoroensis, the red dots are not in the linear grooves, but on the intermediate ridges. Fig. 80. (Mus. Cuming.) A careful comparison of this shell with IZ. sobria proves it to be the young of that species. Species 81. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA VENEZUELENSIS. Mel. testd subulatd, oliva- ceo-viridi, anfractibus septem ad octo, subrotundatis, levibus, spiraliter lineari-sulcatis, sulcis subdistanti- bus ; apertura parvd, basi recurvo-effusa. THE VENEZUELA MeEvania. Shell subulate, olive-green, whorls seven to eight, somewhat rounded, smooth, spirally linearly grooved, grooves somewhat distant ; aperture small, recuryedly effused at the base. Dunxer, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Porto Cabello, Venezuela. A well-marked, spirally grooved shell, recurvedly effused at the base, approaching to the local typical character of the species constituting Mr. Swainson’s genus Hemisinus. Species 82. (Mus. Cuming.) MeLaAnta AUSTRALIS. lutescente-olivaced, anfractibus sex ad septem, longi- tudinaliter arcuato-plicatis, plicis varicosis, distanti- Mel. testé ovata, subventricosa, bus ; apertura ovata, labro superné subsinuato. Tue Soutuern Mepanra. Shell ovate, somewhat ven- tricose, yellowish-olive, whorls six to seven, longitu- dinally arcuately plicated, plaits varicose, distaut ; aperture ovate, lip slightly sinuated at the upper part. Hab. Victoria River, North Australia. Plicated longitudinally in a concentric, arched manner, while the plaits are so distant as to have the appearance of varices. Species 83. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANIA ARACHNOIDEA. Wel. testa turritdé, olivaceo- viridi, anfractibus decem ad undecim, rotundatis, spi- raliter validé crebriliratis, primis paucis longitudina- liter subplicatis, lird centrali in carinam conspicue ele- cata, suturis profunde impressis ; apertura parva. Tue spiperR Mezanta. Shell turreted, olive-green, whorls ten to eleven, rounded, spirally strongly closely ridged throughout, the first few longitudinally faintly plicated, with the central ridge prominently developed into the keel, sutures deeply impressed ; aperture small. AntHONY, Annals Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 95. Hab. Tennessee, United States (in a small stream empty- ing itself into the Tennessee river); Anthony. A slender, deeply-sutured, turriculated shell, encircled throughout with ridges like prominent close-set rings, and in the earlier whorls the central ridge is developed into a conspicuous keel, with slight longitudinal plications show- ing a curious change of sculpture. Species 84. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) Merania PerFecTA. Mel. testa subturriculatd, nigra, anfractibus octo ad novem, primis paucis plano-con- vexis, levibus, cateris rotundatis, spiraliter noduloso- liratis, et obsoleté longitudinaliter plicatis ; apertura parca, basi effusd. THE FINISHED Metanta. Shell somewhat turriculated, black, whorls eight to nine, the first few flatly convex and smooth, the rest rounded, spirally nodulously ridged, and obsoletely longitudinally plicated ; aper- ture small, effused at the base. Movsson, Land und Suss. Moll. von Java, p. 116. pl. 22. Buble Hab. Java. The specimen here figured is smaller and less conspicu- ously sculptured than that figured by M. Mousson, but it was received from him, and its authenticity may be re- lied on. December, 1859. MELANIA.—Prate XIII. Species 85. (Mus. Cuming.) Menania tnctsa. Mel. testd tereti, solidiusculd, vires- cente-olivaced, rufo undique breviflammatd, anfractibus novem ad decem, subplanulatis, spiraliter tenue lineari- sulcatis ; apertura oblongo-ovatda. THE ENGRAVED Mewanra. Shell terete, rather solid, greenish-olive, short-flamed with red throughout, whorls nine to ten, rather flat, spirally finely linearly grooved ; aperture oblong-ovate. Hab. Solomon’s Island. A shell of rather more solid growth than the terete Philippine species to which it has some resemblance, and the whorls are spirally engraved with very regular, rather distant linear grooves. Species 86. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANIA GEMMULATA. Mel. testd subulato-turritd, nigra, anfractibus decem ad undecim, convexis, undique se- riatim granatis, ultimo ad basin tenuilirato ; apertura pared. THE BEADED Mezania. Shell subulately turreted, black, whorls ten to eleven, convex, serially grained throughout, last whorl finely ridged at the base ; aperture small. Melania pyramis, Busch (not of Benson), Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. ii. p. 172. pl. 4. f. 16. ? Hab. The spiral ridge of this species is cut up into conspi- cuous grains throughout by an uninterrupted succession of longitudinal grooves. Species 87. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA TUBERCULATA. Mel. testd subulato-turritd, oli- vaced, rufo-punctatd, anfractibus novem ad decem, con- vevis, undique tuberculato-liratis, liris subdistantibus, anfractibus primis longitudinaliter plicatis ; apertura parva, ovata. Tue TUBERCLED Metanta. Shell subulately turreted, olive, red-dotted, whorls nine to ten, convex, tuber- cularly ridged throughout, ridges rather distant, the early whorls longitudinally plicated; aperture small, ovate. Nerita tuberculata, Miller, Verm. p. 191. Melanoides fasciolata, Olivier. Melania fasciolata, Lamayck. Hab. Egypt. An extremely variable species, of which it will be neces- sary to give some varieties. Species 88. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA CARBONATA. sub epidermide castaneo-nigra obscure rufo-flammata, Mel. testé subulatd, solidiusculd, anfractibus decem ad undecim, primis decussatim pli- catis, ceteris minuté decussatim striatis ; apertura ovata, ad basin latiuscula. THE cHARCOAL MexantA. Shell subulate, rather solid, faintly red-flamed beneath a chestnut-black epidermis, whorls ten to eleven, the first decussately plicated, the rest minutely decussately striated ; aperture ovate, rather broad at the base. Hab. ? Apparently a smooth black shell, but on closer inspec- tion it will be found to be obscurely red-flamed beneath the epidermis, whilst the early whorls are finely latticed. Melania PL XIV. MELANIA. Prate XIV. Species 89. (Mus. Cuming.) MeLanta Fuorata. Mel. testd subpyramidali-oblongd, flavidd, punctis rufo-fuscis quadratis, prope suturas majoribus, nitide vittatd, anfractibus quingue ad sex, convero-planis, levibus; apertura subanguste ovatd, margine columellari basi subcalloso. THe FLowery Mevanta. Shell somewhat pyramidally oblong, yellowish, neatly filleted with square red- brown spots, the largest of which are next the su- tures, whorls five to six, convexly flattened, smooth ; aperture rather narrowly ovate, columellar margin rather callous at the base. Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 57. pl. 15. f. 22. Hab. New Hebrides. An interesting small species, encireled with necklace bands of red-brown dots, the largest of which are next the sutures. Species 90. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA ScARABUS. Mel. testdé pyramidato-conicd, so- Uidiusculd, intus extusque intense purpureo-nigra, an- Sractibus decem ad undecim, conveaxo-planatis, levibus ; apertura parviusculd. THE BEETLE Mexanra. Shell pyramidally conical, ra- ther solid, dark purple-black within and without, whorls ten to eleven, convexly flattened, smooth; aperture rather small. p Hab. A shining-black species, very like JZ. gemelia, figured opposite to it, but there is no indication of a concave de- pression below the sutures, which affects the contour of the whorls. Species 91. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA GEMELLA. Mel. testd pyramidali-conied, soli- diusculd, intus extusque intense purpureo-nigra, an- fractibus decem ad undecim, infra suturas impresso- concavis et minute plicato-striatis, deinde convewxis, levibus ; apertura parviusculd. Tue TWIN Meanta. Shell pyramidally conical, rather solid, dark purple-black within and without, whorls ten to eleven, impressly concave beneath the sutures, and minutely plicately striated, then convex, smooth ; aperture rather small. Melania conica, D’Orbigny (not of Say). Hab. Cuba; Poey. Distinguished from the preceding species by a concave depression beneath the sutures, but of the same bright purple-black colour within and without. Species 92. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta acus. Mel. testd abbreviato-subulatd, versus apicem acute acuminata, corned, tenuiculd, livido-pur- purascente, ad suturas alba, anfractibus duodecim ad tredecim, subplanulatis, primis longitudinaliter costa- tis, ceteris levibus ; apertura ovatd, margine columel- lari calloso, albo. THE NEEDLE Mexanta. Shell shortly subulate, spire sharply acuminate towards the apex, horny, rather thin, livid-purple, white at the sutures, whorls twelve to thirteen, rather flat, the first longitudinally ribbed, the rest smooth; aperture ovate, columellar margin callous, white. LgA, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 181. Hab. Island of Guimaras, Philippines (in small streams) ; Cuming. A sharply acuminated shell, of light, somewhat horny substance, and livid colouring, longitudinally mbbed to- wards the apex. Species 93. (Mus. Cuming.) Mozanra Scuompurcki. Mel. testd pyramidali-subu- lata, solidiusculd, olivaceo-viridi, anfractuum parte in- feriori castaneo-rufo flammata, anfractibus decem ad duodecim, declivi-planulatis, inferné angulatis ; aper- turd ovata, basi effusd, columella calloso-incurvd. ScHompurck’s Mezanta. Shell pyramidally subulate, rather solid, olive-green, flamed with chestnut-brown on the lower part of the whorls, whorls ten to twelve, slopingly flattened, angled at the lower part; aper- ture ovate, effused at the base, columella callously incurved. Hantey, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. ? A very distinct type, of which it is to be regretted the habitat is not known. The whorls slope down te an December, 1859. MELANIA.—Puate XIV. angle, and the flamed painting, which is generally on the upper part of the whorls, is in this species at the lower. Species 94. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA UNIsuLcaTA. Mel. testd acute subulatd, pal- hide olivaced, rufo-fusco versus apicem minute punctata et undulata, anfractibus duodecim, planulatis, levi- bus, ad suturas uni-sulcatis ; apertura subangusta. THE ONE-GROOVED Metanta. Shell sharply subulate, pale-olive, dotted and minutely waved towards the apex with red-brown, whorls twelve, flattened, smooth, one-grooved at the sutures; aperture rather narrow. Hab. ? A slenderly acuminated shell, with one striking charac- teristic. A single linear groove is formed on the body of each whorl, in the place of the suture. Species 95. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA UNIFORMIS. Mel. testé acuté aciculari, oliva- ced, purpureo-castaneo obscure flammatda et vittatd, an- Sractibus tredecim ad quatuordecim, declivi-planulatis, longitudinaliter validé plicatis, spiraliter lineari-sul- catis ; apertura ovata, calloso-incurvd. THE UNIFORM Mexanta. Shell sharply acicular, olive, obscurely flamed and filleted with purple-chestnut, whorls thirteen to fourteen, slopingly flattened, longi- tudinally strongly plicated, spirally linearly grooved ; aperture ovate, callously incurved. Quoy and Gaimarp, Zool. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, vol. iii. p. 154. pl. 56. f. 30-33. Hab. Celebes. A slenderly acicular shell, strongly longitudinally plaited, the plaits being cut through at regular intervals by spiral linear grooves. The painting is peculiar in consisting of numerous interrupted fillets, as well as longitudinal flames. Species 96. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta Brnsont. ld, olivaceo-fuscd, anfractibus quinque ad sex, rotun- Mel. testé ovato-turritd, solidiuscu- datis, concentricé plicato-costatis, spiraliter lineari-li- ratis, liris versus basin plus minusve obsoletis ; aper- turd ovatd, subeffusd. Brnson’s Menanta. Shell ovately turreted, rather solid, olive-brown, whorls five to six, rounded, concentri- cally plicately ribbed, spirally linearly ridged, ridges more or less obsolete towards the base ; aperture ovate, a little effused. Melania cancellata, Benson (not of Say). Hab. India. A rather short stout species, encircled throughout with fine, corded ridges, but characterized chiefly by a succession of concentrically arched, rib-like folds. Species 97. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanra Fortunet. Mel. testé turriculatd, olivaceo- virente, anfractibus novem ad decem, subangustis, con- * vexis, spiraliter lineari-sulcatis, concentricé valide pli- catis, anfractu ultimo ad basin tricarinato, interstitiis excavatis ; apertura pared, subrotundatda. Fortunn’s Meranta. Shell turriculated, olive-green, whorls nine to ten, rather narrow, convex, spirally li- nearly ridged, concentrically strongly plicated, last whorl three-keeled at the base, interstices excavated ; aperture small, somewhat rounded. Hab. Shanghai, China; Fortune. Of the same type as the preceding species, with the whorls narrower and more numerous, forming a shell of more slender convolution. The chief distinguishing fea- ture is at the base of the last whorl, which is strongly three-keeled, the interstices between them being quite concave. Species 98. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA COSTELLARIS. Mel. testd pyramidali-turritd, solidd, tenebroso-olivaced, versus apicem castaneo ob- secure flammata, anfractibus decem, plano-convevis, pri- mis spiraliter lineari-sulcatis, ceteris gradatim levi- bus, superne concavo-angulatis, deinde validé plicato- costatis ; apertura ovata. THE COSTELLATED Mexania. Shell pyramidally tur- reted, solid, dark-olive, obscurely flamed towards the apex with chestnut, whorls ten, flatly convex, the first spirally linearly grooved, the rest gradually smooth, concavely angled at the upper part, then strongly plicately ribbed ; aperture ovate. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 184. Hab. Islands of Negros, Tanhay, and Siquijor, Philippines (in small streams); Cuming. Remarkable for the change which the shell undergoes in form and sculpture as it advances in growth. The earlier whorls are simply spirally grooved, these gradually become obsolete, and the whorls push out at the upper part into an angular shelf, and are strongly plicately ribbed. Melania Pu XV . ‘ \ } 107 106 108. MELANIA. Puate XV. Species 99. (Mus. Cuming.) Mevanta riroricoma. Mel. testa subulatd, tenui, sub- pellucida, flavicante, castanco-rufo undique fulgurata, anfractibus decem ad undecim, plano-convesis, spira- liter sulcato-striatis ct crispatis ; apertura oblongo- ovata. Tue FLowERED Mexants. Shell subulate, thin, semi- transparent, yellowish, lightning-marked throughout with chestnut-red, whorls ten to eleven, flatly convex, spirally groove-striated, and crisped, aperture oblong- ovate. Hab. ? A transparent yellowish shell, flamed throughout with zigzag red-brown streaks, and encircled with fine linear grooves, the interstices between which are minutely puckered or crisped. Fig. 100. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured is the Melania punctulata of Grateloup, collected in the neighbourhood of Alexandria, but there is every reason to believe that it is a variety of MM. tuberculata. All the varieties of this species are black- dotted, but the dots are chiefly conspicuous in the smooth varieties. In the more strongly tubercled varieties the ‘dots are nearly obsolete. Species 101. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) Mevania ScuiepEana. Mel. testd subulato-turrita, fla- cido-olicacea, rufo-fusco flammata, anfractibus decem, subrotundatis, lavibus, obscure spiraliter liratis ; aper- turd ovata. Scurepe’s Mevanta. Shell subulately turreted, yellow- ish-olive, flamed with red-brown, whorls ten, some- what rounded, smooth, obscurely spirally ridged, aper- ture ovate. Pariert, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. i. p. 64. pl. 2. ren hie Hah. Suburbs of the city of Mexico (in streams and ditches) ; Schiede. A semitransparent smooth shell, of light substance, bedaubed longitudinally with reddish streaks. Fig. 102. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) A variety of M. pyramis, described and figured at PI. 10, Fig. 51, in which the whorls are rounded and the shell less elongately convoluted. Species 103. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) Mevanta Jupaica. Mel. testa subulati, solida, aubangusta. castunco-fusca, onfractibus concexis, undique dense ir- requloriter liratis ; apertura parca, margine columel- lari calloso-incuroo. Tue JewisHh Mevants. Shell subulate, solid, rather narrow, chestnut-brown, whorls convex, closely irre- gularly ridged throughout, aperture small, columellar margin callously incurved. Rortn, Malak. Blitt. vol. ii. f. 53. pl. 2. f. 1-3. Hab. ——? A narrow shell, of solid growth, said to be, when in fine condition, of a rich brown colour throughout. Species 104. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta Layvarpi. WMel. testa elongato-turrita, solidi- usculd, intense olivaced, purpurco-fusco spursim pune- tata, anfractibus decem ad undecim, rotundatis, lonyi- tudinaliter plicatis, spiraliter densé liratis, suturis subcundliculatis ; apertura parca. Layarp’s Mexanrs. Shell elongately turreted, rather solid, dark-olive, sparingly dotted with purple-brown, whorls ten to eleven, rounded, longitudinally plicated, spirally closely ridged, sutures somewhat channelled. aperture small. Douen, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 135. Hab. Ceylon; E. L. Layard. This species very much resembles Mr. Lea’s M. turri- culus, of the Philippine Islands, in colouring, but is of a more slenderly turreted form. Species 105. (Mus. Cuming.) Mevanis PHLEBOTOMUM. Mel. testa aciculari-zubulata, apice perattenuata, nigricante-olicaced, anfractibus decem ad duodecim, longitudinaliter plicatis, spiraliter validé liratis, interstitiis subexcavatis, anfractu ultimo December, 1859. MELANIA.—Piate XV. ventricoso ; apertura ovata, margine columellari cal- loso-incurvo. Tur Lancet Meanta. Shell acicularly subulate, very attenuated at the apex, blackish-olive, whorls ten to twelve, longitudinally plicated, spirally strongly ridged, interstices somewhat excavated, last whorl ventricose; aperture ovate, columellar margin callously incurved. Hab. West Africa. Chiefly distinguished by the ventricose inflation of the last whorl, and remarkable attenuation of the early ones. Species 106. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta Tamsit. Mel. testé subulato-turritd, livido- olivaced, rufo-fusco interdum strigatd, suturis et colu- mellé albis, anfractibus octo ad novem, subrotundatis, longitudinaliter plicatis et spiraliter tenuiliratis ; aper- turd parva. Tams’ Mexanra. Shell subulately turreted, livid-olive, sometimes streaked with red-brown, sutures and colu- mella white, whorls eight to nine, somewhat rounded, longitudinally plicated, and spirally finely ridged ; aperture small. Dunxer, Zeitschrift fiir Malak. 1845, p. 165. Guin. p. 9. pl. 2. f. 9, 10. Hab. Island of St. Anthon, Cape de Verds. Ind. Moll. Very closely allied to the Egyptian M/. tuderculata, of the same local type, if not a variety of that species. -Mextanta Morcuait. Species 107. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) Meuantia comma. Jfel. testa subturriculata, olivaced, ad suturas flavidd, nitente, anfractibus octo ad novem, primis longitudinaliter plicato-costatis, costis subdis- tantibus, ceteris levibus ; apertura parva, basi effusd. THE comMA Menania. Shell somewhat turriculated, olive, yellowish at the sutures, glossy, whorls eight to nine, the first longitudinally plicately ribbed, ribs rather distant, the rest smooth, aperture small, ef- fused at the base. Conrap, New Fresh-water Shells, p. 53. pl. 8. f. 7. Hab. Alabama, United States. The early whorls of this species, as in many others, are longitudinally ribbed, but the ribs are stronger and more distant from each other than usual. Species 108. (Mus. Cuming.) Mel. testa ovatd, solidiusculd, ustu- lato-fused, anfractibus perpaucis, declivi-convexis, undi- que dense spiraliter grano-striatis ; aperturd ovata, ad basin subeffusa. Morcu’s Metanta. Shell ovate, rather solid, burnt- brown, whorls very few, slopingly convex, closely spirally grain-striated throughout; aperture ovate, a little effused at the base. Brcx, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. > A short stout species, finely granulated throughout. Melania PL. XV. 1096 5 MELANIA. Piate XVI. Species 109. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MepLania vineunata. Mel. turritd, apice acuta, luteo- rubente, flammis castaneis longitudinalibus vivide pictd, anfractibus decem ad undecim, rotundatis, concentrice nodoso-plicatis, spiraliter tenuiliratis ; aperturd parva. Tub stRirpeD Meant. Shell turreted, sharp at the apex, yellowish-red, vividly painted with longitudinal chestnut flames, whorls ten to eleven, rounded, con- ceutrically nodosely plicated, spirally finely ridged ; aperture small. Frrussac, Deshayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 437. Quoy and Gaimard, Zool. Voy. del’ Astrolabe, vol. iii. p- 141. pl. 56. f. 1 to 4. Hab. Ceylon; E. L. Layard. de Verds. Notwithstanding the difference of habitat, it is not im- probable that this species may prove to be a variety of the Island of St. Anthon, Cape Egyptian A. tuberculata. Fig. 110. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) We figure this shell from the colleetion of Dr. Von dem Busch, as the most typical form of the old Egyptian JZ. tu- berculata, Miller (AZ. fasciolata, Olivier). Species 111. (Mus. Cuming.) Menania pALimpsestos. Jel. testd acute subulatd, ni- grad, anfractibus duodecim ad tredecim, plano-convexis, superne impressis, margine funiculatis, anfractibus pri- mis paucis longitudinaliter costatis, costis rectis, in- terstitiis excavatis ; aperturd ovata, margine columel- lari late calloso-incur'vo. THE SLATE-PENCIL MELANIA. black, whorls twelve to thirteen, flatly convex, im- pressed ‘at the upper part, corded at the edge, the first few whorls longitudinally ribbed, ribs straight, in- terstices excavated ; aperture ovate, columellar margin Shell sharply subulate, broadly callously incurved. P} Hab. A small, sharply acuminated shell, belonging to the same type as MW. blatta and anthracina. Species 112. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANIA MONILIFERA. Wel. testa subulald, solidiusculd, olavaced, anfractibus novem ad decem, declivi-planatis, granis tubercularibus amplis undique seriatim cinctis, anfractis ultimi liris basalibus haud granatis ; aper- turd ovatd, margine columellari calloso-incurvo. THE NECKLACE Menanta. Shell subulate, rather solid, olive, whorls nine to ten, slopingly flattened, encir- cled throughout with rows of large tubercular grains, basal ridges of the last whorl not grained; aperture ovate, columellar margin callously ineurved. Von pem Buscu, Malae. Blitt. 1858, vol. v. p. 34. Hab. Solomon’s Island. Encircled throughout with necklaces of large bead-like grains, except towards the base of the last whorl where the ridges are beadless. Species 113. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA PERPINGUIS. Mel. testd turriculatd, solidius- culd, olivaced, purpurco-fusco promiscue breviflammata et punctatd, anfractibus novem, convexis, spiraliter lineari-sulcatis ; apertura ovata. Tue stout MeLanta. Shell turriculated, rather solid, olive, promiscuously short-flamed and dotted with purple-brown, whorls nine, convex, spirally linearly grooved ; aperture ovate. Hrnps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 56. pl. 15. f. 2. Melania turriculus, Lea. * Hab. Caltanang, Province of Baie, Island of Luzon, Phi- lippines (in small rivers); Cuming. A comparison of the actual types of Mr. Hinds’ VW. per- pinguis and Mr. Lea’s MW. turriculus has satistied me that they are the same species. Species 114. (Mus. Cuming.) Meanta perrimosa. Mel. testd subulatd, olivaced, al- bidd, rufo sparsim punctatd, anfractibus decem ad undecim, primis oblique tenuicostatis, ceteris lavibus ; apertura ovatd, margine columellari calloso. Tur crackED MeLanta. Shell subulate, olive, towards the apex white, sparsely dotted with red, whorls ten to eleven, the first obliquely finely ribbed, the rest smooth ; aperture ovate, columellar margin callous. 9 Hab. The middle portion of this shell has a peculiar cracked December, 1859. MELANIA.—Prate XVI. appearance, from the superficial ribs being denuded of their epidermis. Species 115. (Mus. Cuming.) MeLANIA GOULDIANA. culd, intensé olivaced, infra suturas nigro-purpureo ob- secure maculata, anfractibus novem ad decem, primis longitudinaliter plicatis et spiraliter Uineari-sulcatis, ceteris levibus, sulcis gradatim obsoletis ; apertura parviusculd. Gounp’s Mrtanta. Shell turriculated, rather solid, dark- olive, obscurely spotted beneath the sutures with blackish-purple, whorls nine to ten, the first longitu- dinally plicated and spirally linearly grooved, the rest smooth, with the grooves gradually obsolete; aper- ture rather small. Hab. New Caledonia. Mel. testa turriculata, solidius- A solid turriculated species, very closely allied in detail of character, though not in form, to MZ. perpinguis. Species 116. (Mus. Cuming.) Meania ImpuRA. Mel. testa ovata, subcylindraced, so- lida, olivaceo-viridi, anfractibus paucis, declivi-planu- latis, levibus, superné angulatis, suturis valde impres- sis; apertura ovatd, basi subeffusd. THE rmpuRE Meranra. Shell ovate, subcylindrical, solid, olive-green, whorls few, slopingly flattened, smooth, angular in the upper part, sutures very much impressed ; aperture ovate, a little effused at the base. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 182. Hab. Naza, Province of South Camarines, Island of Lu- zon, Philippines ; Cuming. A rather short, solid species, chiefly distinguished by a strongly-marked spiral angular shelf on the sutural mar- gins of the whorls. WMelanta Pl. XV. MELANTA. Puate XVII. Species 117. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MeELANIA caLcutus. Mel. testd turriculatd, solidiusculd, Jflavido-olivaced, anfractibus paucis, convexis, undique superficialiter sulcatis, superne interdum sparsim mi- nute plicatis ; apertura parviusculd, ad basin subca- naliculato-effusd. THE PEBBLE MELANTA. yellowish-olive, Shell turriculated, rather solid, whorls few, convex, superficially grooved throughout, sometimes sparsely minutely puckered at the upper part; aperture rather small, somewhat channel-effused at the base. Hab. North China. A shell of yellowish-olive colour, finely superficially grooved throughout with sometimes a few small puckers on the sutural margin. The figures of this and the two following species are a little enlarged. Species 118. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA INCISA. vido-olivaced, fascid castaned angusté circa basin, an- Mel. testd turricuiatd, tenuiculd, fla- Sractibus septem ad octo, convevis, spiraliter lineari- incisis, lineis in anfractu ultimo interdum gradatin obsoletis ; aperturd parviusculd, ovata. Tue cur Mexania. Shell turriculated, rather thin, yel- lowish-olive, with a narrow chestnut band around the base, whorls seven to eight, convex, spirally line- arly engraved, the engraved lines sometimes becom- ing gradually obsolete on the last whorl; aperture rather small, ovate. Hab. Taheite. A smail species, enlarged to twice the natural size in our figure, encircled throughout with fine linear grooves, and having a characteristic dark band at the base. Species 119. (Mus. Cuming.) MeLanta FonTINALIS. Mel. testé turriculatd, tenebroso- olivaced, purpureo-fusco interrupte flammata, fascia purpureo-fuscd circa basin, anfractibus paucis, spira- liter dense lineari-sulcatis, superne declivi-impressis et obscure minute plicatis ; apertura parva. Tuer WELL Meanta. Shell turriculated, dingy-olive, in- terruptedly flamed with purple-brown, with a band of the same colour round the base, whorls few, spi- rally, closely linearly grooved, slopingly impressed and obscurely minutely puckered round the upper part ; aperture small. Puixrepi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. iii. p. 58. pl. 5. I te Hab. Pulo Penang. New Caledonia. A small species, magnified in our figure to twice the natural size, well distinguished by its sparsely flamed painting of purple-brown. Species 120. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA CREPIDINATA. Mel. testd subulaté, solidius- culd, virente-olivaced, rufo-fusco sparsim flammulatd, anfractibus octo ad novem, convexis, spiraliter lineari- incisis, interstitiis crispatis, superné ad marginem obe- so-funiculatis, suturis subprofundé impressis ; aper- turd ovata, basi subeffusd, margine columellari calloso- replexo. EDGED MeLanta. Shell subulate, rather solid, greenish-olive, sparsely flamed with red-brown, whorls eight to nine, convex, spirally linearly engraved, in- terstices crisped, stoutly corded round the upper edge, sutures rather deeply impressed; aperture ovate, a little effused at the base, columellar margin callously reflected. Hab. Java? THE A well-marked species, supposed to be from Java, but partaking rather of the Brazilian Hemisinus type. Species 121. (Mus. Cuming.) Metania Tristis. Wel. testd subulatd, basin versus sub- ventricosd, olivaced, anfractibus octo ad novem, plano- convexis, levibus ; apertura abbreviato-ovald, margine columellari calloso-incurvo. Tue sap Menanra. Shell subulate, rather ventricose towards the base, olive, whorls eight to nine, flatly convex, smooth, aperture shortly ovate, columellar margin callously incurved. Hab. Java. A shell of extremely simple character, neither striated nor plicately ribbed in any part. December, 1859. MELANIA.—Prate XVII. Species 122. (Mus. Cuming.) Meuanta ForuLATA. Jel. testd subulatd, ventricosius- culd, virente-olivaced, subpellucidd, rufo-fusco sparsin flammatd, anfractibus novem ad decem, spiraliter re- mote lineari-sulcatis, primis obscure plicatis, ceteris levibus ; apertura abbreviato-ovatd, margine columel- lari calloso-incurvo. Tur ruRRowrp Meranta. Shell subulate, rather ven- tricose, greenish-olive, somewhat transparent, sparsely flamed with red-brown, whorls nine to ten, spirally distantly linearly grooved, the first whorls obscurely plicated, the rest smooth; aperture shortly ovate, columellar margin callously incurved. Hab. ? Characterized by a mode of spiral grooving in which the grooves are unusually distant from each other, and the painting consists only of a few peculiarly straggling dark- red flames. Species 123. (Mus. Van Heukelom.) Metanta HbvukELOMIANA. ta, solidiusculd, olivaceo-fuscd, anfractibus plano-con- Mel. testa subanguste turri- vewis, longitudinaliter validé costatis, costis superneé nodulatis, suturis impressis, costis versus apertura gradatim evanidis, liris spiralibus obesis decussatim nodatis ; apertura ovata, margine columellari calloso- imeurvo. Hevketom’s Merania. Shell somewhat narrowly tur- reted, rather solid, olive-brown, whorls flatly convex, longitudinally strongly ribbed, ribs noduled at the upper extremity, with the sutures impressed, ribs gradually fading towards the aperture, where they are decussately noduled with stout spiral ridges ; aperture ovate, columellar margin callously incurved. 2) Hab. Neither Mr. Cuming’s nor Dr. Von dem Busch’s collec- tion has any Melania in it with which the above interest- ing species can be identified. It has been kindly contri- buted by M. Van Heukelom, an assiduous collector, of Amsterdam, after whom I avail myself of the pleasure of naming it. Species 124. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Mepania BirtaMmMata. JMel. test@ subulatd, virente- olivaced, rufo-fusco biseriatim flammatd, anfractibus plano-convexis, levibus, spiraliter subconfertim line- ari-incisis ; apertura ovata. THE DOUBLE-FLAMED Me.anta. Shell subulate, green- ish-olive, encircled with two rows of red-brown flames, whorls flatly convex, smooth, spirally rather closely linearly engraved ; aperture ovate. Hab. ——? Of somewhat transparent substance, encircled through- out with two neat rows of red-brown flames. Species 125. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA JAPONICA. vaced, cinereo-purpureo pallidé bifasciatd, anfractibus sex ad septem, declivi-conveuis, spiraliter dense elevato- Mel. testa ovaté, solidiusculd, oli- striatis ; apertura subangustd, ad basin subproducta. Tue Japan Mpranta. encircled with two faint ash-purple bands, whorls six to seven, slopingly convex, spirally densely elevately striated ; aperture rather narrow, slightly produced at the base. Hab. Japan. Shell ovate, rather solid, olive, A solid, fusiformly conical shell, closely ridge-striated throughout, and encircled with two ash-purple bands, which are rather conspicuous in the interior. Melania Pl. XVII. 126 b, 130 Vincent Brooks, imp MELANITIA. Prate XVIII. Species 126. (Fig. @ and 4, Mus. Cuming.) MeLania Lavisstma. Mel. testa pyramidali-oblongd, so- lidissimd, crassd, levi, ad basin oblique ventricosd, ceru- lescente-cinered, purpureo varie strigatd, epidermide tenui olivaced partim indutd, anfractibus novem ad decem, declivi-convexis ; apertura ovata, columella su- perne callosd, inferne calloso-reflead. THE VERY smMootH Metanra. Shell pyramidally ob- long, very solid, thick, smooth, obliquely ventricose at the base, bluish-ash, variously streaked with purple, partially covered with a thin olive epidermis, whorls nine to ten, slopingly convex; aperture ovate, colu- mella callous at the upper part, callously reflected at the lower. Sowersy, Zool. Journ. vol. i. p. 60. pl. 5. f. 5. Pachychilus levissimus, Lea. Hab. Chiapa, Mexico. A species of solid growth, thick, and somewhat ob- liquely ventricose or gibbous at the base, well characte- rized by a diffuse painting of purple streaks on a bluish- ash ground. It may be regarded as the type of a good sectional division, forming Mr. Lea’s genus Pachychilus. Species 127. (Mus. Cuming.) Mexanta Larariurertr. Mel. testd subulato-turritd, solidd, levigatd, olivaced, purpureco-fusco obscure stri- gata, anfractibus novem ad decem, subrotundatis, sub lente minutissimeé decussatim striatis ; apertura ovata, parviusculd, columella inferné calloso-reflexd. LareiLurert’s Metanra. Shell subulately turreted, solid, smooth, olive, obscurely streaked with purple-brown, whorls nine to ten, somewhat rounded, beneath the lens very minutely decussately striated; aperture ovate, rather small, columella callously reflected at the lower part. Puitrerr, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. i. p. 62. pl. 2. i JO), Hab. Guatemala; Skinner. Chiefly distinguished by the roundness of the whorls, and by their more turreted plan of convolution. Species 128. (Mus. Cuming.) Metania Pirenoipes. Mel. testd pyramidali-subulaté, acutd, levigatd, solidd, fusco-olivaced, anfractibus duo- decim ad tredecim, declivi-planatis, suturis subimpressis; apertura parva, columellé callosd, subeacavatd, ad basin sublacunata. Tue Prrena-trke Munanra. Shell pyramidally subu- late, sharp, smooth, solid, brownish-olive, whorls twelve to thirteen, slopingly flattened, sutures rather impressed ; aperture small, columella callous, some- what excavated, slightly channelled at the base. fab. Fernando Po; Fraser. A species partaking curiously of the characteristics of the Pirena, Pachychilus, and Vibex divisions of the family. With the compact pyramidal coiling of the first, it has the smoothness and colouring of the second, and the colu- mellar basal channelling of the third. Species 129. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta Mexicana. Mel. testd ovatd, ad basin subgib- bosd et oblique productd, solidiusculd, olivacco-nigré, aufractibus paucis, longitudinaliter subirregulariter pli- cato-striatis, suturis subimpressis ; apertura oblongo- ovatd, columelld excavatd, labro columellari calloso- reflexo. THe Mexican Menanra. Shell ovate, somewhat gib- bous and obliquely produced at the base, rather solid, olive-black, whorls few, longitudinally somewhat ir- regularly plicately striated, sutures rather impressed ; aperture oblong-ovate, columella excavated, columel- lar lip callously reflected. Hab. Mexico. A short, bold species, produced at the hase, but not pos- sessing the characteristic features of the Pachychilus divi- sion exemplified by MZ. levissima. Species 130. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta Bacutus. Mel. testd subulatd, versus basin obesd, laevigata, olivaceo-nigra, anfractibus septem ad octo, superne late concavo-impressis, deinde convexis ; apertura ovatd, ad basin subtruncatd, columellé callo- so-excavati. Tue ciusp Meanta. Shell subulate, stout towards the base, smooth, olive-black, whorls seven to eight, broadly concavely impressed round the upper part, January, 1860. MELANIA.—Puate XVIII. then convex ; aperture ovate, somewhat truncated at sub lente minutissimé decussatim striatis, declivi-con- the base, columella callously excavated. vevis ; apertura ovata, columellé calloso-excavaté. Wak 2 Tur woor Meant. Shell oblong-conical, subcylin- drieal, solid, smooth, whorls six to seven, beneath the lens very minutely decussately striated, slopingly con- | vex; aperture ovate, columella callously excavated. Moretet, Test. Nov. Amer. Cent. part 2. p. 23. | Hab, Guatemala. This fine species has the same typical truncated base as | M. blatta, but there is no indication of the plicated longi- tudinal ribs of that species. Species 181. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) “ + | MELANIA PaNUcULa. Del. testa oblongo-conicd, subcy- | . } lindraced, solidd, levigatd, anfractibus sex ad septem, Of a more oblong, cylindrical form than IZ. levissima, and darker olive-colour. Melania Pl. XIX. MELANTA. PLATE Species 132. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA spapicna. Mel. testa fusiformi-conicd, solidi- usculd, spadiced, anfractibus sex ad septem, declivi-con- vevis, undique regulariter densé liratis ; apertura ob- longo-ovatd, ad basin effusd, labro columellari tenué reflexo. Tue Bay Mnpzanta. Shell fusiformly conical, rather solid, bay-coloured, whorls six to seven, slopingly convex, regularly closely ridged throughout ; aperture oblong-ovate, effused at the base, columellar lip thinly reflected. 2 Hab. Of a light-bay colour, strongly characterized throughout by a regular sculpture of fine encircling ridges. Species 133. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA SALLEI. ced, versus basin gibbosd, solidd, olivaced, purpureo Mel. testa oblongo-conicd, subcylindra- profuse strigatd et maculata, anfractibus sex ad sep- tem, declivi-conveais ; apertura ovatd, ad basin effusié, columella superne callosd, inferne calloso-reflexd. SALLé’s Menanta. Shell oblong-conical, somewhat cylin- drical, gibbous towards the base, solid, olive, pro- fusely streaked and spotted with purple, whorls six to seven, slopingly convex; aperture ovate, somewhat effused at the base, columella callous at the upper part, callously reflected at the lower. Hab. Central America. A prettily painted species of the Pachychilus type, closely allied to IZ. levissima, but uniformly smaller. Of the three specimens figured in owr Plate, the first is from Mexico, the second from Florida, and the third was col- lected by the enterprising traveller and naturalist M. Sallé, at La Guayra, Venezuela. Species 134. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA FOENARIA. solidd, luteo-olivaced, rufo-ferrugineo unizonatd, an- Mel. testé subpyramidali-oblonga, fractibus septem ad octo, declivi-planatis, sub lente un- dique dense minutissime granulatis, anfractu ultimo medio obsolete angulato ; apertura ovatd, parviusculd, ad basin effusd, labro fusco-marginato. Tue Hay-coLourED Mptanta. Shell somewhat pyra- midally oblong, solid, yellowish-olive, encircled with a zone of reddish-rust, whorls seven to eight, slopingly flattened, beneath the lens everywhere densely very minutely granuled, last whorl obsoletely angled in the middle; aperture ovate, rather small, effused at the base, lip brown-edged. XIX. Hab. Nothing is known of the habitat of this well-defined species. The surface is densely shagreened throughout, and the lip is characteristically edged with brown. ? Species 135. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA CORVINA. vaced aut purpureo-castaned, interdum obsolete macu- Mel. testé ovata, subventricosa, oli- latd, suturis albidis ; aperturd vivide purpureo-casta- ned; anfractibus septem, rapide accrescentibus, converts, sub lente minute striatis, anfractu ultimo antice ascen- dente; columella superné callosd, inferné calloso-in- cured. THe crow MetLanta. olive or purplish-chestnut, sometimes mottled, sutures Shell ovate, rather ventricose, whitish; aperture bright purple-chestnut; whorls seven, increasing rapidly, convex, beneath the lens minutely striated, last whorl ascending in front; columella cal- lous at the upper part, callously incurved at the lower. More et, Test. Nov. Amer. Cent. part 1. p. 26. Hab. Vera Paz, Central America. A species of short, ventricose growth, well distinguished by the rich purple-chestnut colouring of the aperture, which is conspicuous also along the edge of the columellar callosity. Species 136. (Mus. Cuming.) Mevanta LAcunata. Mel. testd tereti-subulatd, solidd, nigricante-olivaced, obsolete strigatd, anfractibus novem ad decem, convexis, spiraliter lirato-striatis, hic illic obscure plicato-varicosis ; apertura parviusculd, colu- melid calloso-incurvd, ad basin lacunata. Tur spourep Menania. Shell teretely subulate, solid, blackish-olive, obsoletely streaked, whorls nine to ten, convex, spirally ridge-striated, here and there ob- scurely plicately varicose; aperture rather small, co- lumella callously incurved, slightly spouted at the base. iB Hab. Resembling Af. Largillierti, but more terete, and ridge- striated, whilst the aperture is more spouted at the base. Fig. 137. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) This very interesting species belongs more properly to the Viber division of the genus, and is described, along with its allies, from a more characteristic example in Mr. Cuming’s collection, at Plate XXX. January, 1860. Pg - a ve “eh alt ‘Metat : eas yin eae 9a cin sinitl Ww hn oh RE tea 7 ek hy vy, ed mi ae! rt ie Dn a i ‘ cpp: vvial » lls ‘y ‘sie a etn ad Ra ioe - s ra eae ng hws gira hs ie te rai Mn at ; coiaap ae Gunite ¥ ty als i yee . Abe 7 Sag Pe yeabontd taal “ae oats re earner vee es ir hh baie js m ibs ene 4. ae ar este es ee i i Tle | a aris 5 7 ae a ise a mm de 7 \ rT ia A re 8 le shen hag ony Bee faim * 3) ; pa fa? - a _ in 7 - re nibs @ ror » i nl a ‘ 4 i : aad - ss = Tins. . di no ee a ta - wih % naa iPpuuaen) €) gal = ha Tio 7 van i — 7 ; a _ i ne ag, ut ly, : ened : hliitt, re im - a a” ma a wy betes ifm, ees Nail Od) oe 7 econ cit | ie 9 = ‘ . — e 7 = : - q : - ; 9 A =e . T = : é a + a | - Melania Pl. XXV. (1/44 diba 17.3 ¢ M764 MELANTIA. PuaTtE XXV. Species 174. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) MeELANIA prapEMA. fel. testd ovatd, tenui, inflata, Susco-olivaced, epidermide molli induta, spird brevius- culd, acute turritd, anfractibus octo, levibus, versus apicem lirato-striatis, superné concavo-angulatis, ad angulum muricato-spinosis, spinis subeatrusis ; aper- turd ovata, columella calloso-effusd. DIADEM MeELANTA. Shell ovate, thin, inflated, brownish-olive, covered with a soft epidermis, spire THE rather sharp, sharply turreted, whorls eight, smooth, ridge-striated towards the apex, sharply concavely angled at the upper part, prickly spined at the angle, spines somewhat turned outwards; aperture ovate, columella callousiy effused. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 194. Hab. Island of Guimaras, Philippines (in small streams) ; Cuming. Chiefly distinguished from its more ancient allies by its lighter structure and by the smaller prickly and extruding character of the spines. Species 175. (Fig. a, 4, c, d, Mus. Cuming.) Metania miTRA. fel. testd ovatd, ventricosd, nigro- fusca, epidermide molli interdum indutd, anfractibus paucis, levibus, superne concavo-angulatis, ad angulum muricato-tuberculatis ; apertura oblique ovata, colu- mella calloso-effusd, fauce interdum sanguinolento. THE MITRE MeELaNrIA. Shell ovate, ventricose, black- brown, sometimes covered with a soft epidermis, whorls few, smooth, sharply concavely angled at the upper part, prickly-tubercled at the angle; aperture obliquely ovate, columella callously effused, interior sometimes blood-stained. Helix mitra, Meuschen, Mus. Gronov. p. 128. n. 1363. Melania thiarella, Lamarck. Hab. Point Palmas, Sumatra (in a small river) ; Cuming. In this species, which is the largest of the group, the prickly tubercles are more regular, and can hardly be said to be prolonged into spines. Species 176. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA cornuta. Mel. testd late ovatd, inflatd, fusco- nigra, anfractibus paucis, levibus, superné late concavo- angulatis, ad angulum tuberculato-spinosis, spinis dis- tantibus, cornutis ; apertura subquadrato-ovatd, colu- mellié calloso-reflexa. THE HORNED Metanta. Shell broadly ovate, inflated, brown-black, whorls few, smooth, broadly concavely angled at the upper part, tubercularly spined at the angle, spines distant, horned; aperture somewhat squarely ovate, columella callously reflected. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 194. Hab. Madagascar. Of broader, inflated growth, with the tubercular spines fewer and more distant, and of more horn-like character. Species 177. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA AMARULA. Jel. tesld ovata, subventricosd, nigra, anfractibus sex, obsolete spiraliter striatis, su- perne concavo-angulatis, ad angulum conspicue spino- sis; apertura parviusculd, columella calloso-reflexd. Tue trara Menanra. Shell ovate, somewhat ventri- cose, black, whorls six, obsoletely spirally striated, concavely angled at the upper part, prominently spined at the angle; aperture rather small, columella callously reflected. Helix amarula, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1249. Buccinum amarula, Miiller. Bulimus amarula, Bruguicre. Melania amarula, Gamarck. Tiara amarula, Swainson. Hab. Mauritius. Of smaller size than the preceding species, less inflated, with the spines more produced. January, 1860. Wida 182 ax 179 ¢ 184. 153 Melania PL_XXVI. 1306 MELANIA. Prats XXVI. Species 178. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA ELEGANS. cente, rufo minute punctatd et lineari-undatd, anfrac- tibus septem ad octo, spiraliter densé tenuiliratis, su- perne declivi-angulatis, ad angulum nunc spinulosis | nunc muticis ; aperturd parviusculd, ovatd, superne subsinuata. THE ELEGANT MELANTA. ish-green, minutely dotted and linearly waved with red, whorls seven to eight, spirally densely finely ridged, slopingly angled at the upper part, sometimes spined, sometimes smooth at the angle; aperture Mel. testé ovato-turritd, flavo-vires- Shell ovately turreted, yellow- | rather small, ovate, slightly sinuated at the upper | : nee ; | Hab. Manilla and Island of Negros, Philippines ; Cuming. part. Benson, MS. Mus. Cuming. Hab. Afghanistan, India. A rather light shell, of a pale yellowish-green colour, prettily painted with red dots, and waved linear streaks. Species 179. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) Menania Fersnrensis. fel. testé ovato-turritd, oliva- ceo-viridi, purpureo varie punctatd et lineari-strigatd, anfractibus octo ad novem, spiraliter funiculato-liratis, superne declivi-angulatis, longitudinaliter irregulariter plicatis, plicis ad angulum nune denticulatis nune acu- leato-spinosis ; aperturd ovata. Tue Frersee Merania. Shell ovately turreted, olive- green, variously dotted and linearly streaked with purple, whorls eight to nine, spirally cord-ridged, slopingly angled round the upper part, longitudinally irregularly plicated, plaits sometimes denticulated, sometimes prickly spined on the angle; aperture ovate. Hab. Feejee Islands. This species is of a darker green colour than others of the type, and the encircling ridges have a more defined cord-like character. Species 180. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA PUGILIS. culd, fuscd aut virescente, rufo sparsim punctatd, an- Sractibus octo ad decem, spiraliter tenuiliratis, superné Mel. testé pyramidali-turritd, tenui- declivi-angulatis, ad angulum tubuloso-spinosis, spinis valde conspicuis, in varicibus subdistortis inferné pro- ductis ; apertura ovata. Toe armMeD Meanta. Shell pyramidally turreted, ra- ther thin, brown or greenish, sparingly dotted with red, whorls eight to ten, spirally finely ridged, slo- pingly angled round the upper part, tubularly spined at the angle, spines very conspicuous, produced to- wards the lower part into somewhat distorted va- rices ; aperture ovate. Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 58. f. 15, 16. Melania bellicosa, Hinds. Melania acanthica, Lea. In both the examples given of this species, one a swollen ventricose form, the other an acuminated, the spined varices have a peculiar pinched growth, differing in | this respect from the two very closely allied species which follow. Species 181. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA ORIENTALIS. Mel. testd pyramidali-turritd, levigatd, nigerrimd, anfractibus septem ad octo, su- perne declivi-angulatis, primis longitudinaliter costu- latis, ceteris validé plicato-spinosis ; apertura ovaté, columella versus busin calloso-excavata. THE ORIENTAL Mevania. Shell pyramidally turreted, smooth, very black, whorls seven to eight, slopingly angled round the upper part, the first few whorls lon- gitudinally finely ribbed, the rest strongly plicately spined ; aperture ovate, columella callously excavated towards the base. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853, p. 99. Hab. Kastern Archipelago ; Cuming. The spines of this species are remarkably strongly de- veloped, being raised as it were on buttresses. Species 182. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Meant paGopa. Mel. testé pyramidali-turritd, tenui, corned, purpureo-fusco punctatd, anfractibus novem ad decem, spiraliter tenuiliratis. superne declivi-angulatis, ad angulum subprofuse denticulato-spinosis ; aperturé ovata. Tue paGopa Mrxanra. Shell pyramidally turreted, February, 1860. MELANIA.—PuartE XXVI. thin, horny, dotted with purple-brown, whorls nine to ten, spirally finely ridged, slopingly angled round the upper part, rather profusely denticulately spined ; aperture ovate. Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 197. Hab. Island of Guimaras, Philippines. This elegant species, described by Mr. Lea, froma small specimen, runs clearly into the following. Species 183. (Mus. Cuming.) Me.anta scapra. Mel. testd ovatd, interdum subelon- gata, tenuiculd, fuscescente-olivaced, purpureo-ferru- gineo punctata et interdum strigatd, anfractibus sep- tem ad novem, spiraliter inequaliter striato-liratis, superne declivi-angulatis, ad angulum aculeato-spino- sis, spinis in varicibus paulo descendentibus ; apertura ovata. THE scaprous Menania. Shell ovate, sometimes a little elongated, rather thin, brownish-olive, dotted, and sometimes streaked with purple-rust, whorls seven to nine, spirally unequally striately ridged, slopingly angled round the upper part, prickly spined at the | angle, spines a little descending in varices ; aperture | ovate. | Buccinum scabrum, Miller, verm. p. 136. | Bulimus scaber, Bruguicre. | Melania scabra, Férussac. | Helix aspera, Dillwyn. Hab. Mauritius and Seychelles. | A shell of very light substance, and of rather broader | proportions than the rest of this type. Melania Pl. XXVU. ISLC 1S 5a 1S C6 6 IS 6 1/88 MOE ANGI EAY: Pirate XXVII. Species 184. (Fig. a, 4, ec, Mus. Cuming.) MoeLanta speciosa. Mel. testd ovato-oblongd, nigra, sub- villosd, anfractibus paucis, convexo-planis, spiraliter striatis, superne angusté acute angulatis, ad angulum squamato-spinosis, spinis parvis, confertis, subsetosis ; apertura oblongo-ovata. THE GoopLy Metania. Shell ovately oblong, black, a little hairy, whorls few, convexly flattened, ‘spirally striated, sharply narrowly angled round the upper part, squamately spined at the angle, spines small, close-set, slightly bristly ; aperture oblong-ovate. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853, p. 99. Hab. New Caledonia; Cuming. In this very interesting species there is a curious link with MV. setosa. The whorls are similarly coronated with fine spines, each emitting a bristle, but the spines are much smaller and closer together. Species 185. (Fig. 185 a, , and 186, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Metanta setosa. Mel. testd ovato-ventricosd, subglobosa, solidiusculd, nigrescente-olivaced, anfractibus octo ad novem, spiraliter liratis, longitudinaliter interdum tu- mido-plicatis, superne concavo-angulatis, ad angulum minute squamato-spinosis, spinis conspicue setigeris ; apertura subampla, columella late callosd, subincurvd. THE BRISTLY MeLaNtIa. globose, rather solid, blackish-olive, whorls eight to nine, spirally ridged, longitudinally sometimes swol- len-plicated, concavely angled round the upper part, minutely squamately spined at the angle, each spine bearing a conspicuous bristle; aperture rather large, columella broadly callous, a little incurved. Swarnson, Zool. Illus. vol. i. Melania, f. 6, 7, 8. Buccinum aculeatum, Lister. Hab. Islands of Guimaras and Negros, Philippines (in rocky streams), and Point Palmas, Sumatra (in slug- Shell ovately ventricose, sub- gish streams); Cuming. The two varieties of this interesting species, Fig. 185 a, 4, and Fig. 186 a, 4, collected by Mr. Cuming respectively at the Philippine Islands and at Sumatra, T had taken at 4 { first sight to be different species. The first is perfectly globose, plicated only at the angle, with the spire but little raised, and the columella much incurved. In the latter the shell is turbinated ovately, and wrinkled with strong concentric folds, and the columella is straighter. In both the upper angle of the whorls is coronated with minute spine-scales, out of each of which protrudes a strong, erect bristle. The species was known to the older French writers as “The ventricose spiny river Thiara.” Species 187. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA DURA. Mel. testé conico-turritd, crassa, intense castaned, anfractibus seplem ad octo, superne rude fu- niculatis, deinde subangulatis et validé oblique plicato- tuberculatis ; apertura ovatd. THe ward Menantra. Shell conically turreted, thick, dark-chestnut, whorls seven to eight, rudely corded round the upper part, then slightly angled, and strongly obliquely plicately tubercled ; aperture ovate. ? Hab. A well-defined species, of stout substance and dark- chestnut colour. Species 188. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA HIPPOCASTANUM. Mel. testa ovata, subventri- cost, castanco-nigra, anfractibus paucis, converis, cos- tis distantibus conspicue spinoso-squamatis cinctis, sutu- ris subexcavatis ; apertura ovatd, fauce cerulescente, columella late callosd. THE HORSE-CHESTNUT MeELANIA. Shell ovate, rather ventricose, chestnut-black, whorls few, convex, en- circled with distant, prominently spine-sealed ribs, sutures rather exeavated; aperture ovate, interior bluish, columella broadly callous. /Tab. Borneo. This interesting species, from Borneo, stands quite alone in the genus. Its encircling armature of spur-like ribs of ae spine-scales represents a type altogether new. February, 1860. +. 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Mel. testd acutissime pyramidali- turritd, lutescente-fuscd, anfractibus duodecim ad tre- decim, primis spiraliter liratis et longitudinaliter ob- lique costatis, ceteris medio angulato-carinatis, ad ca- rinam squanato-tuberculatis ; apertura pared, late ovata, columella calloso-effusd et truncata. THE MINARET Meanta. Shell very sharply pyramidally turreted, yellowish-brown, whorls twelve to thirteen, the first spirally ridged and longitudinally obliquely ribbed, the rest angularly keeled round the middle, squamately tubercled on the keel; aperture small, broadly ovate, columella callously effused and trun- cated. Hab. 9 Very distinct in its detail of sculpture from the better- known species which follow. The shell is much more slenderly convoluted, and the sculpture of the early whorls consists of close-set, oblique ribs. On the last three whorls the periphery becomes tubercled, and the tubercles are sheathed in a distinct scale. Species 190. (Hig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) Metanta aurita. el. testd acute pyramidali-turritd, solidd, fulvd aut luted, fascia nigro-castaned conspicud cingulatd, anfractibus decem ad duodecim, spiraliter liratis et striatis, tuberculis compressis obtusis ad peri- pheriam prominente armatis; apertura parviusculd, ovatd, ad basin subeffusd, labro superné cemarginato, columella calloso-reflexd. THE EARED Muanta. Shell sharply pyramidally tur- reted, solid, fulvous or yellow, encircled with a con- spicuous blackish-chestnut band, whorls ten to twelve, spirally ridged and striated, armed at the periphery with prominent, compressed, obtuse tubercles ; aper- ture rather small, ovate, a little effused at the base, lip notched at the upper part, columella callously re- flected. Nerita aurita, Miller, Verm. p. 192. n. 379. Strombus tympanorum, Chemnitz. Bulimus auritus, Bruguicre. Strombus auritus, Gmelin. Pirena aurita, Lamarck. Melania tympanotus, Deshayes. Melania aurita, Ferussac. Hab. West Africa. Of this well-known, prettily painted, and prettily sculp- tured species, an admirable figure, with the living animal, was published by M. Rang, in 1832, in Guerin’s ‘ Magasin de Zoologie.’ Species 191. (Pig. a, 4, ce, Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA TUBERCULOSA. Mel. lesté pyramidali-turrita, crassa, obesd, olivaceo-brunned, anfractibus duodecim ad quatuordecim aut pluribus, spiraliter liratis et in- terdum granatis, medio creberrimeé tuberculatis, tuber- culis subcompressis, obtusis, valdé irregularibus, inter- dum autem raro bifurcatis, anfractis ultimi parte in- feriori conspicué muricato-granatd ; apertura ovatd, labro emarginato, columella calloso-reflerd. THE TUBERCLED MrLanra. Shell pyramidally turreted, thick, stout, olive-brown, whorls twelve to fourteen or more, spirally ridged and sometimes grained, very crowdedly tubercled in the middle, tubercles sub- compressed, obtuse, very irregular, sometimes, but rarely, bifurcated, lower part of the last whorl con- spicuously prickly-grained ; aperture notched, columella callously reflected. Rane, Guerin’s Mag. de Zool. 1832, Moll. pl. 13. Melania Owenti, nonnul. Hab. West Africa (in company with Galathea); Rang. ovate, lip A much stouter and more densely tubercled species than the preceding, with an animal, according to M. Rang’s interesting figure, of a different colour. January, 1860. “ a ae Melania Pl. XXIL. (ISD MELANIA. PLate XXIX. Species 192. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA HistRIONICA. Mel. testdé turriculata, solidius- culd, fusco-nigro et roseo alternatim fasciatd, anfrac- tibus septem ad octo, declivi-planatis, wndique dense grano-liratis, granis longitudinaliter concentricé pli- catis ; aperturd pared, ad basin subcanaliculatd, labro superne sinuato, columella calloso-reflexd. THE HARLEQUIN Meranta. Shell turriculated, rather solid, alternately banded with fuscous-black and rose, whorls seven to eight, slopingly flattened, densely grain-ridged throughout, the grains forming longitu- dinally concentric plaits; aperture small, slightly channelled at the base, lip sinuated at the upper part, columella callously reflected. Hab. Cape Colony. It may be noticed by the foregoing description that there is a great deal of character in this little shell; and the alternating contrast of black and delicate rose-colour- ing is remarkable. Species 193. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA Branca. clawatd, crassa, ceruleo-nigrd, anfractibus novem, con- Mel. testa elongato-turritd, ad basin vewis, longitudinaliter concentricé plicatis, spiraliter liris regularibus undique validé funiculatis, suturis impressis ; aperturd lunari-ovatd, superne ascendente, ad basin subemarginata, columelld arcuata. Tue Branca Menania. Shell elongately turreted, club- shaped at the base, thick, blue-black, whorls nine, convex, lougitudinally concentrically plicated, spirally strongly corded throughout with regular ridges, su- tures impressed; aperture lunar-ovate, ascending at the upper part, slightly notched at the base, colu- mella arched. Hab. Rio Branca, Brazil. This species is of the true dea type, neatly closely corded throughout over concentric folds. Species 194. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta Macapa. Mel. testd elongato-turritd, crassa, ceruleo-nigri, anfractibus novem ad decem, convexis, concent) plicatis, plicis subdistantibus, spiraliter liratis, liris confertis, subobtusis, suturis tmpressis ; aperturd lunari-ovatd, superne ascendente, ad basin subemarginatd, columella arcuata. Tue Macapa Mexanta. Shell elongately turreted, thick, blue-black, whorls nine to ten, convex, concentrically plicated, folds rather distant, spirally ridged, ridges close-set, rather obtuse, sutures impressed ; aperture lunar-ovate, ascending at the upper part, slightly notched at the base, columella arched. MortcanpD, Journ. Conch. vol. 5. p. 176. pl. 6. f. 7. Hab. Macapa, Guiana. Very similar to the preceding species, but of stouter growth, with the concentric folds more distant from each other. The spiral corded ridges are, moreover, more ob- tuse, and even flattened in the interstices between the con- centric folds. Species 195. (Fig. a, 4, ce, Mus. Cuming.) Meranta atra. Mel. testd oblongo-turritd, crassa, nigra vel nigro-olivaced, versus apicem sparsim nigro-punc- tatd, anfractibus novem ad decem, convewis, liris spi- ralibus undique dense funiculatis, longitudinaliter con- centricé plicatis, plicis in anfractu ultimo evanidis ; aperturd lunari-ovatd, supra sinuatd, infra emargi- nata. Tue spiack Mexania. Shell oblong-turreted, thick, black or blackish-olive, sparingly black-dotted to- wards the apex, whorls nine to ten, convex, closely corded throughout with spiral ridges, longitudinally concentrically plicated, plaits fading away in the last whorl; aperture lunar-ovate, sinuated above, notched below. Bulimus ater, Richard, Act. Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, p- 126. n. 18. Melania semiplicata, Férussac. Melania truncata, Lamarck. Melania atra, Deshayes. Hab. Essequibo River, Guiana. Burmah. It is important to remark the geographical range of this species. The specimen Fig. 195 a, 4, is from Guiana, and the specimen Fig. 195 c, is from Burmah, and I have in vain endeavoured to trace any specific difference in them, January, 1860. MELANIA.—Piate XXIX. Species 196. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) vex, longitudinally concentrically plicated, folds MBLANIA TRANSVERSA. Mel. testd oblongo-turritd, crassa, stout, rather distant, spirally ridged, ridges close- luteo-olivaced, anfractibus septem Bi octo, converis, | coe and rather obtuse; aperture transversely ovate, longitudinaliter concentricé plicatis, plicis obesis, sub- | obliquely notched at the base, columella callously distantibus, spiraliter liratis, liris confertis, subobtu- | arched. zs S A ; nis | Hab. ? sis; apertura transverse ovatd, ad basin oblique mar- | . a a | ginaté, columella calloso-arcuata. Very closely allied in form and detail to the preceding THE TRANSVERSE MuxLanta. Shell oblong-turreted, | species, and doubtless from the same locality, but much thick, yellowish-olive, whorls seven to eight, con- smaller, and of a more uncouth dwarfed growth. Melanta Pl. XXX. MELANIA. PuateE XXX. Species 197. (Mus. Cuming.) Meania Brevior. Jel. testd obeso-conicd, crassa, oli- vaceo-nigré, intus cerulescente, anfractibus paucis, con- vewis, undique dense profundé sulcatis, versus apicem concentrice subplicatis, suturis subimpressis ; apertura subquadrato-ovatd, utringue sinuata. THe sHorTER Metanta. Shell stoutly conical, thick, olive-black, bluish within, whorls few, convex, closely deeply grooved throughout, faintly concentrically pli- cated towards the apex, sutures rather impressed ; aperture somewhat squarely ovate, sinuated at each end. TroscHEt, in Schomburek’s ‘ Travels in British Guiana,’ vol. ii. p. 550. Hab. Rio Branca, Guiana; Yates. A shortly convoluted shell, of solid growth, encircled throughout with deep close-set grooves, the upper whorls being faintly concentrically plicated. Species 198. (Mus. Cuming.) Meant Loricata. Mel. testdé elongato-turritd, solidi- usculd, nigra, intus cerulescente, anfractibus subnume- rosis, declivi-planatis, undique plicatim tuberculato- granatis, suturis tenuicarinati®, anfractu ultimo inferne dense spiraliter carinato ; aperturd ovatd, parva, utrin- que sinuata. THE ARMOUR-CLAD Metanta. Shell elongately turreted, rather solid, black, blue in the interior, whorls rather numerous, slopingly flattened, plicately tubercularly grained throughout, sutures finely keeled, last whorl densely spirally keeled at the lower part ; aperture ovate, small, sinuated at both ends. Hab. 2 This elongately turreted species is of rather solid growth, covered with a strongly sculptured armour of tubercular grains. Although its habitat is not known, there can be little doubt of its being fram Brazil. Species 199. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA SUBIMBRICATA. tenuiculd, olivaceo-nigra, anfractibus subnumerosis, de- Mel. testé elongato-turrité, clivi-planatis, partim concavis, longitudinaliter con- centrice costulatis, costulis angustis, interstitiis liris tenuibus spiralibus nitide cancellatis ; apertura parvd, rotundatd, utringue sinuatd. THE FINELY-IMBRICATED MELANIA. Shell elongately turreted, rather thin, olive-black, whorls rather nu- merous, slopingly flattened, concave in part, longitu- dinally concentrically ribbed, ribs narrow, interstices neatly cancellated with fine spiral ridges; aperture small, rounded, sinuated at each end. Puriprt, Abbild. und Besch. Conch, vol. iii. p. 56. pl. 5. £3: Hab. Brazil. One of the most narrowly elongated of the Brazilian species, very neatly sculptured throughout with curved longitudinal fine ribs, following in regular concentric order, neatly cancellated in the interstices. Species 200. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA FUSCA. sima, fulvo-castaned, anfractibus novem ad decem, Mel. testé pyramidali-turrita, solidis- primis paucis obliqué granoso-plicatis, ceteris spira- liter liratis, et conspicué acute bicarinatis, carinis dis- tantibus ; apertura ovata, utrinque sinuatd. THe Brown Metanta. Shell pyramidally turreted, very solid, fulvous-chestnut, whorls nine to ten, the first few obliquely granosely plicated, the rest spirally ridged, and conspicuously sharply two-keeled, keels distant; aperture ovate, sinuated at each end. Murex fuscus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3561. Hab. Senegal. A solid, pyramidally turreted shell, remarkably charac- terized by the prominence of winding keels, which are not present in the early whorls, their place being occupied by oblique folds of well-defined granules. Species 201. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA SCARABUS. sin obeso-gibbosd, crassissimd, intense nigra, anfracti- Mel. testd ovato-conicd, versus ba- bus perpaucis, declivi-convexis, undique creberrime sul- catis, liris obsolete striato-crenulatis, anfractu ultimo ad aperturam crassé ascendente ; aperturd ovata, utrin- que late sinuata. THe BEETLE Metanta. Shell ovately conical, stoutly February, 1860. MELANIA.—Piate XXX. gibbous towards the base, very thick, intense-black, | Had. Brazil, whorls very few, slopingly convex, very closely grooved throughout, ridges obsoletely striately cre- nulated, last whorl thickly ascending at the aperture; | aperture ovate, broadly sinuated at each end. Hab. River Maranon, North Brazil. A very characteristic new species, peculiarly distin- guished by the bold, stoutly gibbous growth of the last whorl, and very close spiral grooving. Species 202. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA NICOTIANA. diusculd, fulvo-olivaced, anfractibus subnumerosis, de- clivi-planatis, undique spiraliter crebri-sulcatis, con- centricé tenuiplicatis, plicis subobsoletis, versus apicen distinctis ; aperturé parviusculd, parum sinuata. Tur cigar Meianra. Shell elongately turreted, rather solid, fulvous-olive, whorls rather numerous, slopingly flattened, closely spirally grooved throughout, con- centrically finely plicated, plaits rather obsolete, dis- tinct towards the apex; aperture rather small, but little sinuated, Mel. testé elongato-turritd, soli- | The sculpture of this species is quite distinct from the other two in this Plate of similar form. ‘The surface is closely spirally grooved throughout, and the concentric plaits are very irregular, becoming less defined as they are more removed from the apex. Species 203. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Menanta Baresit. Mel. testd obeso-ovatd vel elongata, crassiusculd, anfractibus declivi-conveais, levigatis, obscuré superficialiter spiraliter sulcatis; apertura ovata. Bates’s Mexranta. Shell stoutly ovate or elongated, rather thick, whorls slopingly convex, smooth, ob- scurely superficially spirally grooved ; aperture ovate. Hab. Mouth of the Amazon; Bates. Distinguished chiefly by the simplicity of its characters. The grooving presents a curious contrast with that of the species figured above it, being quite superficial. Melania Pl. XXAT. 206 MELANIA. Puate XXXI. Species 204. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA VARIABILIS. Mel. testd subulato-turritd, vires- cente-olivaced, anfractibus spiraliter subobsolete funi- culatis, superné concavo-angulatis, deinde plicato-cos- tatis, costis in anfractibus ultimo et penultimo ad an- gulum subacute tuberculatis, versus aperturam grada- tim evanidis ; aperturd ovatd, columella calloso-effusd. THE VARIABLE Metanta. Shell subulately turreted, greenish-olive, whorls spirally obsoletely corded, con- cavely angled round the upper part, then plicately ribbed, ribs of the penultimate and ultimate whorls rather sharply tubercled on the angle, gradually fading towards the aperture; aperture ovate, columella cal- lously effused. Benson, Journ. Asiatic Soc. 1835. Melania Indica, Kydoux and Souleyet. Hab. India. The plicated ribs of this species do not commence to be sharply tubercled until the penultimate whorl. Species 205. (Mus. Hamilton.) MeErania crrcumstriata. Mel. testd pyramidali-turritd, polyyond, fusco-nigra, anfractibus declivi-angulatis, oblique varicoso-costatis, striis elevatis equidistantibus undique spiraliter funiculatis ; aperturd ovatd, calloso- effusa. THE STRIM-ENCIRCLED Metanta. Shell pyramidally turreted, many-angled, brownish-black, whorls slant- ingly flattened, obliquely varicosely ribbed, spirally corded throughout with equidistant raised stric ; aperture ovate, callously effused. MetcatrE, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1851, p. 73. Hab. Borneo. At Plate IV. I described and figured for this species a shell which Mr. Cuming had assigned to it in his collec- tion, with the remark that it might be pronounced to be the Borneo representative of the Philippine J/. asperata. Since then I have been fortunate enough to obtain the original types in the collection of Mr. Hamilton; and I have little doubt that Mr. Cuming’s specimen is really a Philippine J. asperata. companying figures of the true MW. cireumeincta in different It will be perceived by the ac- stages of growth, that it is a very distinct and excellent | species. polygonal form, owing to the oblique varix-like ribs which The shell is more sharply pyramidal, and of a emerge from the sutures (not from the angle of a contracted concavity), and the encircling cords are more defined. Species 206. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA RUBICUNDA. Mel. testd turriculatd, solidius- culd, rufescente-olivaced, anfractibus septem ad octo, rotundatis, levibus, vel sub lente minutissime striatis ; apertura ovata, parviusculd, columella subcallosd. Tur ruppy Mexanta. Shell turriculate, rather solid, rufous-olive, whorls seven to eight, rounded, smooth or very minutely striated beneath the lens; aperture ovate, rather small, columella slightly callous. By Hab. A small species of the Pachycheilus section, which can- not be referred to any of those previously described. Species 207. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta BRooKkEl. nigricante, anfractibus levibus vel obscure spiraliter Mel. testd obeso-turritd, brunneo- striatis, superne concavis, deinde obtuse angulatis, ad angulum. plicato-tuberculatis, tuberculis distantibus ; apertura ovatd, columella calloso-effusa. Brooke’s Metanta. Shell stoutly turreted, brown- black, whorls smooth or obscurely spirally striated, concave round the upper part, then obtusely angled, plicately tubercled on the angle, tubercles distant ; aperture ovate, columella callously effused. Hab. Borneo; Lieut. Taylor. This fine species, which I dedicate to Sir James Brooke, the Jate Rajah of Sarawak, is characterized by a remark- ably bold design of form and sculpture. Species 208. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANIA SPARSINODOSA. ritd, fusco-nigra, anfractibus declivi-convexis, spiraliter Mel. testé subpyramidali-tur- striato-funiculatis, superne concaviusculis, deinde hic illic obsoleté tuberculato-nodosis ; apertura ovata, co- lumelld calloso-effusd, lutescente. THE SPARINGLY-KNOTTED MELANIA. pyramidally turreted, brown-black, whorls slopingly Shell somewhat convex, spirally striately corded, rather concave round the upper part, then here and there obsoletely tuber- cularly noduled; aperture ovate, columella callously effused, yellowish. Von vem Busca, Malak. Blitter, 1858, vol. v. p. 36. | Hab. Borneo. Of a more slender pyramidal form than the preceding species, less concave round the upper part of the whorls, and only obscurely noduled here and there. It remains for future research to determine whether these two appa- rently distinct forms may not be connected by intermediate varieties. May, 1860. ry eee Peer: — ah pies aid “an i Gigeeyy Wily alert ia nF pied it » ie URE Sa Soe Ae ‘4 rind 7 ‘ 7 a ' ver Vez ") ; _ ann eae _— a te | 7 ane : Se ae (dvi Bonet, UT? sree: ie ae ‘ i Vn 2 Ge i << ho RS. fae *alite F uy? Pale eet vou’ hge th itd Mae a 1 As, 40 . y ip VA ~ A delicately-formed well-marked species, in which the earlier whorls are closely thinly plicated. Species 223. (Mus. Cuming.) Meranta AMABILIS. Mel. testa acute subulatd, flavicante, rufo-fusco tenue flammatd et punctatd, anfractibus plano-declivibus, levigatis, nitentibus; apertura ob- longo-ovatd, ad basin subsinuatd, columella appresse arcuatd, nigro-punctata. Tue LovELY Mevania. Shell sharply subulate, yellow- ish, delicately flamed and dotted with red-brown, whorls flatly sloping, smooth, shining; aperture oblong-ovate, a little sinuated at the base, columella appressly arched, black-spotted. Von prem Buscn, Malak. Blitt. vol. v. p. 55 (sub no- mine, errore typographico, pulchra). Hab. Celebes. The aperture of this species is of an oblong diamond- shape, partaking a little of the sinuated character of He- MISLNUS. Species 224, (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA RUDENS. didé olivaced, anfractibus rotundatis, ad suturas con- Mel. testa angusté turriculatd, sor- strictis, spiraliter lirato-striatis, primis validé concen- tricé plicatis ; aperturd pared, rotundatd. Tue caBLE MELANIA. Shell narrowly turriculated, dull-olive, whorls rounded, constricted at the sutures, May, 1860. MELANIA.—Piatr XXXIII. spirally ridge-striated, the first strongly concentrically plicated ; aperture small, rounded. Hab. i Strongly characterized by the constricted sutures and by the rib-like plications of the earlier whorls. Species 225. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANIA GRANIFERA. Mel. test@ acute conoided, oli- vaced, fusco interdum pallidé fasciatd, anfractibus sex ad septem, undique spiraliter liratis, liris valide ver- rucoso-granatis ; apertura ovatd, columella ad basin calloso-effusd. THE GRAINED Menanra. Shell sharply conoid, olive, sometimes faintly banded with brown, whorls six to seven, spirally ridged throughout, ridges strongly wart-grained; aperture ovate, columella callously effused at the base. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vill. p. 433. Hab. Timor; Lamarck. The granulated sculpture of this species is of rather a large character, amounting almost to warts. | Species 226. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANIA INHONESTA. Mel. acuminato-turritd, virescente olivaced, infra suturas rufo-maculata, anfractibus octo ad novem, nitentibus, primis spiraliter lirato-striatis et concentricé plicatis, ceteris gradatim levioribus ; apertura parva, pyriformi-ovatd. Tue pirty Meuania. Shell acuminately turreted, green- ish-olive, red-spotted beneath the sutures, whorls eight to nine, shining, the first spirally ridge-stri- ated, and concentrically plicated, the rest gradually smoother; aperture small, pyriformly ovate. Von prem Buscu, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. i. p. 170. pl. 4. f. 5. Hab. Sava. Distinguished by a transparent-olive aspect. The ear- lier whorls are sculptured both spirally and concentrically, but the sculpture gradually disappears. Fig. 227. (Mus. Cuming.) This shell is, I fear, only a rubbed, discoloured MW. seaéra. For Species 227, see next Plate. Melania Pl. XXXIV. MELANIA. PuatE XXXIV. Species 227. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MeLanta Aayprraca. Mel. testd ovata, Paludineformi, luteo-olivaced, sublivescente, lined rufa unicd, interdum duabus, medio cinctd, anfractibus quinque, rotundatis, longitudinaliter minute crispato-striatis ; apertura ro- tundato-ovata, fauce rufo-fasciatd. Tre Eayprtan Munanta. Shell ovate, Paludina-shaped, yellowish-olive, somewhat livid, encircled round the middle with one, sometimes two, red lines, whorls five, rounded, longitudinally crisp-striated ; aperture rotundately ovate, interior red-banded. Benson, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Egypt. A small, olive-yellow, red-banded shell, with somewhat of the aspect of a Paludina. Fig. 228. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured is M7. coronata, Kiister, M. nodosa and macilenta, Parreyss, but at the suggestion of Dr. Von dem Busch, and with the aid of a series of specimens from his cabinet in different stages of growth, I have no hesita- tion in quoting it as the young of MZ. Hollandri, ¥érussac, of which an adult type is represented below, at Fig. 234 4. Species 229. (Mus. Cuming.) MeELANIA LIVESCENS. Jel. testd ovato-turritd, olivaceo- luted, plus minus livido-plumbeo tinctd, anfractibus quingue ad sex, levibus, ad suturis subdeclivibus, deinde plano-rotundatis ; apertura ovatd, ad basin paululum effusd, fauce partim castaneo-rufd, labro columellart calloso. Tue Livip Mexania. Shell ovately turreted, olive-yellow, stained more or less with livid lead-colour, whorls five to six, smooth, rather sloping at the sutures, then flatly rounded; aperture ovate, a little effused at the base, interior partially chestnut-red, columellar lip callous. Menke, Synopsis, second edit. p. 135. Meiania Niagarensis, Lea. Hab. Lake Erie, Niagara Falls. A smooth livid-lead or blue-green shell, yellowish next the sutures, partially stained with chestnut-red in the in- terior and on the callous columellar lip. Species 230. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA SICCATA. cost, olivaceo-viridi, spird brevi, acuta, anfractibus Mel. testa subfusiformi-ovatd, ventri- quingue ad sex, levibus, ultimo multo majore, inflato, ad suturam, in juniore, nigro maculatis, in atate in- terdum lineari-suicatis ; apertura ovali, ampla, ad basin late effusa. Tue pr1ED Meranta. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, ventricose, olive-green, spire short, sharp, whorls five to six, smooth, the last much the larger, inflated, in younger specimens spotted with black at the suture, in age linearly grooved at the suture; aperture oval, large, broadly effused at the base. Von prem Buscu, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. i, p. 62. pl. 2. f. 9. Hab. Java and the Philippine Islands. M. siccata and glans represent a form of the genus of which they are the only species. Species 231. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Menania nigricans. Mel. testa fusiformi-turbinatd, ad basin subampliter emarginatd et recurvd, crassiusculd, olivaced, circa columellam nigricante, spird aperturam aquante, anfractibus quingue ad sex, transversim per- tuso-striatis, superne subimpressis, deinde convewis ; aperturaé ovatd, columella subcontortd, ad marginem plicatd, truncata. Tue Dark Menanta. Shell fusiformly turbinated, rather largely notched and recurved at the base, rather thick, olive, blackish about the columella, spire equalling the aperture, whorls five to six, transversely pricked- striated, slightly impressed round the upper part, then convex; aperture ovate, rather twisted, plicated at the edge, truncated. Clea nigricans, Adams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 119. Hab. Sarawak, Borneo; Brooke. An interesting Buccinum-like form of Melania, deeply notched and recurved at the base, collected by Sir James Brooke in the river at Sarawak. Species 232. (Mus. Cuming.) Metania Guans. Mel. testd subfusiformi-ovatd, ventri- cosd, crassiusculd, olivaceo-viridi, transversim obscure September, 1860. MELANIA.—Prate XXXIV. nigro-lineatd, interdum fuliginosd, spird brevi, subim- mers, anfractibus quingue, levibus, superne subcon- tractis, ultimo multo majore, inflato ; apertura ovall, ampla, ad basin late effusd. Tue acorn Menanta. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, ventricose, rather thick, olive-green, transversely ob- securely black-lined, sometimes dark, spire short, a little immersed, whorls five, smooth, slightly con- tracted at the upper part, last whorl much the larger, inflated ; aperture oval, large, broadly effused at the base. Von prem Buscu, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. i. p. 3. pl. 1. f. 8, 9. Hab. Java, Sumatra, Philippine Islands. Of rather stouter growth than I. siecata, more broadly effused at the base. Species 233. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) Muuania corNEA. Wel. testd suborbiculari, sordidé lu- tescente, livido-plumbeo tinctd, spird brevissimd, an- fractibus quatuor, levigatis, convewis, ultimo multo majore, subinflato ; apertura rotundato-ovata, columella arcuatd, calloso-effusa. Tur worRNY Meuanra. Shell nearly orbicular, dull yel- lowish, stained with livid lead-colour, spire very short, whorls four, smooth, convex, the last much the larger, rather inflated ; aperture rotundately ovate, columella arched, callously effused. Kuster, MS. in Mus. V. d. Busch. Melania crassa, Parreyss. Hab. Dalmatia. A smooth, periwinkle-like shell, of livid-horny aspect, but rather thick in substance. Species 234. (Fig. a, Mus. V. d. Busch, Fig. 4, Mus. Cuming.) Metanta Hontanpri. Mel. testé ovato-turbinatd, cine- red, ceruleo-nigricante aut griseo fasciatd, interdum om- nino brunned, ad columellam nitente-castaned, anfrac- tibus quingue ad sex, superné plerumque declivi-angula- tis, ad angulum obscuré nodulatis ; apertura ovata. Hottanper’s Metanta. Shell ovately turbinated, ash- colour, banded with blue-black or slate, sometimes entirely brown, shining chestnut at the columella, whorls five to six, generally slopingly angled round the upper part, obscurely noduled at the angle ; aper- ture ovate. Férussac, Villa Cat. 1841, p. 36. Melania coronata, Kiister. Melania nodosa, Parreyss. Melania macilenta, Parreyss. Melania afra, Ziegler. Melania enodes, Ziegler. Hab. Illyria. An extremely variable species, of which our two figures represent the extreme states. ' * 4° in he . » = a Lie fi. ae q = a - ¢ = , aa } Melania PI. XXX a) Mn ae NGL Prats XXXV. Species 235. (Mus. Morelet.) MELANIA CINEREA. Mel. conico-turriculatd, crassiusculd, violaceo-cinered, infra suturas rufo et plumbeo fasciatd, suturis albidis, epidermide tenui olivaced indutd, spird acuminatd, anfractibus novem ad decem, convexis, lon- gitudinaliter malleatis, transverse dense minutissime undato-striatis ; apertura rotunduto-pyriformi, colu- mella superne callosd. THe AsH-coLourED Mextanra, Shell conically turricu- lated, rather thick, violet-ash beneath the sutures, banded with red and lead-colour, sutures white, co- vered with a thin olive epidermis, spire acuminated, whorls nine to ten, convex, longitudinally malleated, transversely densely very minutely wave-striated ; aper- ture rotundately pear-shaped, columella callous at the upper part. Morecet, Test. Nov. Amer. Cent. part i. p. 26. n. 68. Hab. Yuvirons of Coban, Vera-Paz ; Morelet. An interesting species of the Pachychilus section of the genus, allied to P. Cumingii, Lea, described at Plate XXI. Sp. 149. This, and all the species of Plate XXXV. ex- cepting Sp. 236, are described and figured from the ori- ginal types kindly sent to me by M. Morelet. Species 236. (Mus. Cuming.) Mevania Gassipstt. Mel. testd subelongato-turritd, fulvo-olivaced, anfractibus subangustis, superné declivi- concavis, deinde plano-convewis, levigatis, sub lente mi- nutissime undato-striatis ; apertura parviusculd, ovata, ad basin effuso-productd, columella tenue contortd. Gasstes’ Metanta. Shell rather elongately turreted, fulvous-olive, whorls rather narrow, slopingly concave round the upper part, then flatly convex, smooth, very minutely wave-striated beneath the lens ; aper- ture rather small, ovate, effusely produced at the base, columella thinly contorted. Hab. Central America. This shell, collected by M. Sallé, is certainly distinct from the few allied species already figured. Species 237. (Mus. Morelet.) Metanta Commersont. Mel. testd gracili-turriculata, olivaceo-viridi, subpellucidd, anfractibus novem ad de- cem aut pluribus, rotundatis, ad suturas declivi-im- pressis, spiraliter irregulariter liratis, longitudinaliter tenuiplicatis e¢ dense minutissime crispato-striatis ; aperturd ovata, parviusculd, columella ad basin intorto- effusd. CommeErson’s MELANIA. olive-green, somewhat transparent, whorls nine to ten, or more, rounded, slopingly impressed at the su- tures, spirally irregularly ridged, longitudinally finely plicated, and densely very minutely crisp-striated ; aperture ovate, rather small, columella twistedly ef- fused at the base. More tet, MS. in Mus. Morelet. Hab. Madagascar. Shell slenderly turriculated, In general resemblance this shell approaches 42, New- combii, coarctata, and indefinita, but they all differ from one another in detail of sculpture. Species 238. (Mus. Morelet.) Metania imMants. Mel. testd@ conico-pyramidali, solid, fulvo-olivaced, anfractibus novem ad decem, declivibus, oblique concentrice costatis, liris subdistantibus undique spiraliter funiculatis, anfractu medio gibboso, superné concavo, costis gradatim evanidis, sed liris tubercula- tis ; apertura ovata, ad basin subeffuso-producta. THE WONDERFUL Menanta. Shell conically pyramidal, solid, fulvous-olive, whorls nine to ten, sloping, ob- liquely concentrically ribbed, spirally corded through- out with rather distant ridges, last whorl gibbous in the middle, concave round the upper part, the ribs gradually disappearing but tubercled by the ridges ; aperture ovate, somewhat effusely produced at the base. More.er, Test. Nov. Amer. Cent. part i. p. 22. n. 139. Hab. Central America; Morelet. In this truly fine species the whorls are ribbed longitu- tinally and strongly corded tranversely, the cords passing over the ribs. The last whorl increases materially in con- vexity, and the ribs partially disappear, but the transverse cords are stronger, and on crossing the fading ribs they rise into tubercles. Species 239. (Mus. Morelet.) Mevania Moreveri. Alel. testdé acuminato-turrild, fulvo- September 1860. MELANIA.—Ptate XXXV. brunned, strigis parvis undatis nigricantibus obscure pictd, anfractibus novem ad decem, spiraliter lineari- sulcatis, & suturis dense plicatis, sulcis plicisque in an- fractibus ultimo et penultimo, quibus obscure liratis gra- datim evanidis ; apertura ovatd, columella intorto-ef- Sus. Moretpr’s Meianta. Shell acuminately turreted, ful- yous-brown, obscurely painted with small waved black streaks, whorls nine to ten, spirally linearly grooved, densely plicated from the sutures, grooves and plaits gradually disappearing in the last and penultimate whorls, which are obscurely ridged ; aperture ovate, columella twistedly effused. Hab. New Caledonia. An interesting species from New Caledonia, partaking curiously of the general typical character of those in- habiting the Rio Branca and other rivers of Guiana. The earlier whorls are encircled with equidistant linear grooves crossed by a dense puckering of folds descending concen- trically from the suture; but in the penultimate whorl they commence to disappear, and instead of linear grooves, faintly raised ridges begin to be developed. I have much pleasure in naming this species after its distinguished owner, so favourably known to naturalists by his researches in Central America. Fig. 240. (Mus. Morelet.) This shell, received from M. Morelet with the manuscript name of WM. macrospira, from New Caledonia, proves to be identical with Mr. Hinds’ MW. aspirans, from the Feejee Islands, described at Plate X. Sp. 53. Species 241. (Mus. Morelet.) Metania opiparts. Mel. testa pyramidali, solidiusculd, fulvo-olivaced, brunneo strigatd et variegatd, anfrac- tibus octo ad novem aut pluribus, declivi-planulatis, levigatis, ultimo ad basin liris brunneis funiculato ; apertura ovata, superne attenuata, inferné effusd, co- lumella calloso-reflexd. Tue sumptuous Mexania. Shell pyramidal, rather solid, fulvous-olive, stained and variegated with brown, whorls eight to nine or more, slopingly flat- tened, smooth, the last corded with brown ridges at the base ; aperture ovate, attenuated at the upper part, effused at the lower, columella callously reflected. More tet, Test. Nov. Amer. Cent. part ii. p. 238. n. 140. Hab. Guatemala. The chief characteristic of this specimen is its want of sculpture. The species may possibly exist with some de- velopment of corded ridges in the earlier whorls. Melania Pl XXXVI. ent Brooks, [my MOE AGN TA’. Puate XXXVI. Species 242. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANIA SUBANGULATA. Mel. testé abbreviato-turritd, fulvo-brunned, interdum fulvd, brunneo-fasciatd, levi- gatd, nitente, anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, superne declivi-impressis, deinde rotundatis, longitudinaliter striatis, transversim obsolete liratis ; apertura parvius- culd, ovatd, ad basin tenue effuso-productd. THE SLIGHTLY-ANGLED Mb tanta. Shell shortly tur- reted, fulvous-brown, sometimes fulvous, banded with brown, smooth, shining, whorls four to five, slopingly impressed at the upper part, then rounded, longitudi- nally striated, transversely obsoletely ridged ; aperture rather smali, ovate, thinly effusely produced at the base. Antuony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 91. pla2euta9. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A small, shining, fulvous-brown shell, of four or five rounded whorls, copiously striated longitudinally with lines of growth, crossed transversely with very faint ridges. Species 243. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA VIRIDULA. do-viridi, ad suturas flavescente, anfractibus septem ad Mel. testa pyramidali-turritd, livi- octo, declivi-planatis, levigatis ; apertura pared, labro late sinuato, ad basin effuso-producto. THE GREEN Meuantia. Shell pyramidally turreted, livid- green, yellowish at the sutures, whorls seven to eight, slopingly flattened, smooth ; aperture small, lip broadly sinuated, effusely produced at the base. Antuony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 54. pl. 2. f. 2. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A smooth, narrowly turriculated shell, of a peculiarly deep green colour, conspicuously effusely produced at the base of the aperture. Species 244. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA GRACILIOR. grescente-fuscd, fascia latd flavescente cinctd, suturis Mel. testé conico-turriculatad ni- albidis, anfractibus octo, plano-convewis, levibus, ulti- mo rotundato, superné constricto; aperturd parva, ovatd, labro ad basin effuso-producto. THE MORE SLENDER MELANtA. Shell conically turricu- lated, blackish-brown, encircled with a broad yellow band, sutures white, whorls eight, flatly convex, smooth, last whorl rounded, constricted at the upper part; aperture small, ovate, lip effusely produced at the base. Antnony, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 129. Hab. Congress and Springfield Lakes, Ohio, United States. The yellow band, which is a characteristic feature of this species, is nearly covered in all but the last whovrl. Species 245. (Mus. Cuming.) MeELania cmHiatura. el. testd abbreviato-ovatd, cras- slusculd, vivide olivaced, anfractibus quatuor ad quin- que, spiraliter valide irregulariter liratis, superné sub- angulato-incrassatis, ad angulum oblique plicatis; aper- turd ovata, parviusculd, columella ad basin calloso- effusd. THE EMBOSSED Mexania. Shell shortly ovate, rather thick, bright olive, whorls four to five, spirally strongly irregularly ridged, slightly angularly thickened round the upper part, obliquely plicated at the angle; aper- ture ovate, rather small, columella callously effused at the base. Conran, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Georgia, United States. A strongly marked species, approximating in form and general character to the Anculotus type. Species 246. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta Bicostata. el. testd pyramidali-turrita, fus- co-olivaced, crassiusculd, anfractibus novem ad undecim, superne declivi-concavis, deinde validissime bicarinatis, caring superiore versus aperturam gradatin evanidé, carind inferiore ad basin subobsoletd ; aperturd parva, labro sinuato et effuso-producto. THE DOUBLE-RIBBED MbLanta. Shell pyramidally tur- reted, fuscous-olive, rather thick, whorls nine to eleven, slopingly concave round the upper part, then very strongly double-keeled, upper keel gradually dis- appearing towards the aperture, the lower keel rather obsolete at the base; aperture small, lip sinuated and effusely produced. September, 1860. MELANIA.—Puiate XXXVI. AntHony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 56. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Especially characterized by its very strong screw-like double keel. Each keel grows fainter towards the aper- ture, but the upper one disappears the sooner. Species 247. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA NEGLECTA. Mel. testd conico-subulatd, tenui- culd, fusco-stramined, interdum medio fascid nigricante- olivaced cingulata, anfractibus decem ad undecim, de- clivi-convexis, levibus ; apertura ovata, labro ad basin effuso-producto, columella calloso-reflexa. THE NEGLECTED Menanta. Shell conically subulate, rather thin, fuscous straw-colour, sometimes encircled round the middle with a dark-olive band, whorls ten to eleven, slopingly convex, smooth; aperture ovate, lip effusely produced at the base, columella cal- lously reflected. Aytuony, Anu. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1854, p. 128. pl. 3. f. 29. Hab. Great Miami River, Ohio, United States. A fine conically subulate species, of rather light sub- stance, frequently conspicuously dark-banded throughout upon a fuscous-yellow ground. Species 248. (Mus. Cuming.) Mexanta Hypet. olivaceo-brunned, anfractibus paucis, biseriatim tuber- Mel. testa conico-ovatd, crassiusculd, culato-liratis ; aperturd angusté ovatd, parva, colu- melld contorto-effusd, subacuminatd. Hypr’s Mranta. Shell conically ovate, rather thick, olive-brown, whorls few, encircled with two rows of tubercular ridges; aperture narrowly ovate, small, columella twistedly effused, somewhat acuminated. Conrab, New Freshwater Shells, p: 50s ply St lr Hab. Alabama, United States. A solid shell, encircled by two rather distant tubereular ridges, with the columella twistedly and rather acuminately effused. Species 249. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA PUPOIDEA. Mel. testd cylindraceo-oblongd, fla- vescente, olivaceo-virente varie fasciatd, spird obtuse elevatd, anfractibus quingue ad septem, longitudinaliter densé striatis ; apertura angusté ovata, ad basin rotun- dato-effusa. Tue puporD MenantaA. Shell cylindrically oblong, yel- lowish, variously banded with olive-green, spire ob- tusely raised, whorls five to seven, longitudinally densely striated; aperture narrowly ovate, rotun- dately effused at the base. AntHony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1854, p. 104. Hab. Alabama, United States. A cylindrical Zornatel/a-shaped shell, variously banded with olive-green upon a yellowish ground. Species 250. (Mus. Cuming.) Mertania pensa. Mel. testd ovatd, crassi, ponderosa, olivaced, anfractibus quinque ad sex, levibus, superné tumido-incrassatis, obsolete tuberculatis ; aperturd ova- td, ad basin paululum effusd. Tue tHIck MeLania. Shell ovate, thick, ponderous, olive, whorls five to six, smooth, tumidly thickened round the upper part, obsoletely tubercled ; aperture ovate, a little effused at the base. ; Antnony, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab, Tennessee, United States. A stout ovate shell, tumidly thickened beneath the su- tures, where there are faint indications of tubercles or no- dules. Species 251. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA DECORATA. fulvd, lineis olivaceo-brunneis cingulatd, anfractibus Mel. testa abbreviato-ovatd, crassa, quingue, declivi-conveais, liris nodulosis undique funi- culatis ; aperturd ovatd, ad basin paululum effusa. Tue pecorateD Mexanta. Shell shortly ovate, thick, fulvous, encircled with olive-brown lines, whorls five, slopingly convex, corded throughout with noduled ridges; aperture ovate, a little effused at the base. Antony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 55. Hab, Oostanulla River, Georgia, United States. Mr. Anthony describes having collected two hundred specimens of this species in the above-named locality seven years before describing it, thinking it to be the young of M. celatura. — Melania P!. XXXVI. 260. ME TA NAS. Pratt XXXVII. Species 252. (Mus. Cuming.) Meanta contca. Mel. testd fusiformi-conica, medio gib- bosd, spird acute attenuatd, luteo-olivaced, interdum rufo-fasciald, anfractibus octo ad novem, perangustis, convexis, medio interdum concavis ; apertura parva, lubro sinuato et effuso-producto. Tue conrcaL Mrxania. Shell fusiformly conic, gibbous in the middle, spire sharply attenuated, yellowish- olive, sometimes banded with red, whorls eight to to nine, very narrow, convex, sometimes concave in the middle ; aperture small, lip sinuated and effusely produced. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 176. Hab. Wabash River, Missouri, United States. Chiefly distinguished by its gibbous bulbous base and sharply conically tapering spire. Species 253. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) Mezania Tecta. Mel. testa subulato-conicd, nigro-fuscd, infra suturas luteo-marginatd, anfractiius septem ad acto, planis, inferné declivi-carinatis ; apertura parva, ovatd, labro subeffuso, collumella purpureo-fuscd, tenue reflexd. Tue covereD Meranta, Shell subulately conical, dark- brown, yellow-edged beneath the sutures, whorls seven to eight, flat, sloping, keeled round the lower part ; aperture small, ovate, lip slightly effused, columella purple-brown, thinly reflected. Antuony, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 105. pl. 3. f. 4. Hab. Ohio. Of a peculiar dark-brown colour, sometimes obscurely red-banded, yellow-edged beneath the sutures, the whorls sloping to a more or less indistinct keel. Species 254. (Mus. Cuming.) Metansa occuta. Mel. testd conico-ovata, fuscescente- fulvd, fusco tinctdé aut varie fasciatd, anfractibus sex ad septem, convexis, levibus, suturis subimpressis ; apertura ovata, ad basin subattenuato-effusd, columella tenue reflexd. THe HIDDEN Mexania. Shell conically ovate, brownish- fulvous, stained or variously banded with brown, whorls six to seven, convex, smooth, sutures rather impressed ; aperture ovate, somewhat attenuately ef- fused at the base, columella thinly reflected. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 57. Hab. Wisconsin, United States. Of a simple Budimus-form, ovate, without keel or sculp- ture. Species 255. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA PAUCICOSTA. rescente, fusco-olivaceo late tinctd, spird obtuse elevatd, Mel. testd acuminato-ovatd, vi- anfractibus septem ad octo, fortiter varicoso-costatis, costis in anfractibus ultimo et penultimo evanidis ; apertura ovatd, parum effusd, columella tenuissime re- lead, purpurascente. THE FEW-RIBBED MeLanra. Shell acuminately ovate, greenish, broadly stained with fuscous-olive, spire ob- tusely raised, whorls seven to eight, strongly varicosely ribbed, ribs disappearing on the last and penultimate whorls ; aperture ovate, but little effused, columella very thinly reflected, purplish. Anvruony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 57. Hab. Tennessee, United States. The spire of this species has a peculiar, pinched, pupoid growth. Species 256. (Mus. Cuming. I g Mrnania INORNATA. Mel. testd acuminato-oblongd, tenut, pellucido-viridi, lividd, ad suturas luteo-marginatd, an- fractibus octo, primis perpaucis carinatis, ceteris con- vevis, levibus ; apertura ovatd, parum effusd, colu- melld tenuissime reflexd. THE UNADORNED Meantia. Shell acuminately oblong, thin, transparent-green, livid, yellow-edged at the su- tures, whorls eight, the first few keeled, the rest con- vex, smooth ; aperture ovate, but little effused, colu- mella very thinly reflected. Anrnony, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. United States. A simple, semitransparent, olive-green shell, encircled near the apex with a keel, which speedily disappears. Species 257. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA PULCHELLA. Mel. testd acuminato-ovatd, luteo- September, 1860. MELANIA.—Puate XXXVII. albidd, purpureo-rufo late bifasciatd, anfractibus sep- tem, convexis, levibus; apertiurd ovatd, columella tenue reflexd. THE PRETTY MBELANIA. lowish-white, encircled by two broad purple-red Shell acuminately ovate, yel- bands, whorls seven, convex, smooth ; aperture ovate, columella thinly reflected. Antony, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. United States. Conspicuously encircled by two broad rich purple-red bands. Species 258. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA ATHLETA. brunned, infra suturas pallida, anfractibus decem, plano-convexis, primis perpaucis varicoso-costatis, ca- teris levibus ; aperturd ovata, columellé tenué reflexd, ad basin subattenuato-effusa. THE ATHLETE MELaNtaA. Mel. testa acuminato-turrita, fulvo- Shell acuminately turreted, fulvous-brown, pale beneath the sutures, whorls ten, flatly convex, the rest smooth; aperture ovate, colu- mella thinly reflected, rather attenuately effused at the base. Antony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 83. job Ware als Hab. Tennessee, United States. An acuminately turreted fulvous-brown shell, varicosely ribbed near the apex. The ribs disappear at about the fifth or sixth whorl. Species 259. (Mus. Cuming.) Mervanta ImBricata. Mel. testé acuminato-conicd, fla- vescente-olivaced, anfractibus septem ad octo, plano-de- clivibus, inferne subobsolete bicarinatis, anfractu ultimo convexiore, carinis evanidis ; apertura ovatd, columellé ad basin tenué effusd. THE TMBRIcCATED Mexanta. Shell acuminately conical, yellowish-olive, whorls seven to eight, flatly sloping, encircled round the lower part with two rather obso- lete keels, last whorl more convex, the keels disap- pearing ; aperture ovate, columella thinly effused at the hase. Antuony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1854, p. 105. Hab. Alabama, United States. Of a characteristic yellowish-olive colour, the earlier whorls being conspicuously sloped, the slope encircled at the base by two rather obsolete keels. Species 260. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) Menanta pAGopirormis. Mel. testd abbreviato-turritd, olivaced, anfractibus sex ad septem, plano-declivibus, inferne peracute unicarinatis ; apertura ovata, colu- mella tenue reflewd, ad basin atlenuato-effusd . THE PAGODA-SHAPED Mgxanra. Shell shortly turreted, olive, whorls six to seven, flatly sloping, very sharply keeled round the lower part; aperture ovate, colu- mella thinly reflected, attenuately effused at the base. Antuony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 106. pl. 3. f. 6. Hab. Battle Creek, Tennessee, United States. The whorls of this species have a very strongly defined slope throughout, ending in a prominent keel. Species 261. (Mus. Cuming.) Meranta GRapata. Mel. testd fusiformi-pyramidali, solidd, flavicante-olivaced aut virente, anfractibus sep- tem ad octo, superné marginatis, deinde late concavis, levibus, suturis immersis, anfractu ultimo ad basin conspicue spiraliter lirato ; apertura oblonga, colu- melld subelongatd, canaliculato-effusd. THp FLIGHT OF steps MeLanra. Shell fusiformly py- ramidal, solid, yellowish-olive, or green, whorls seven to eight, margined round the upper part, then broadly concave, smooth, sutures immersed, last whorl con- spicuously spirally ridged at the base ; aperture ob- long, columella rather elongated, canaliculately ef- fused. Antuony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1854, p. 112. Hab, Alabama. The form of this species is that of a fusiform pyramid of which the sides are concave on each whorl, and the whorls are so margined round the upper part as to form a flight of steps to the apex. + a 7 4 266. Melania PL. XXXVU. 264 MELANIA. Pirate XXXVIII. Species 262. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA VITTATA. bratd, virente-olivaced, anfractibus octo ad novem, liris Mel. testd acuminato-conicd, subgla- brunneis tribus, quarum mediand in angulum producta, cingulatis, suturis subimpressis ; aperturd parviusculd, JSauce fusco-fasciata, columella ad basin tenue effusd. THE FILLETED MeLania. Shell acuminately conical, ra- ther smooth, yreenish-olive, whorls eight to nine, en- circled with three brown ridges, the middle of which is produced into an angle, sutures somewhat im- pressed ; aperture rather small, brown-banded with- in, columella thinly effused at the base. Antuony, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 89. Pleicerte te Hab. Alabama, United States. There are four revolving brown ridges in this species, but the lowest is covered in all but the last whorl by the overlapping of one whorl upon the other. The uppermost ridge is in some species slightly plicately beaded. Their elevation diminishes towards the aperture, until they be- come lines simply. Species 263. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA BREVISPIRA. vaced, subpellucidd, anfractibus quinque ad sex, declivi- Mel. testa acuminato-ovatd, oli- converis, levibus ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, columellé tenue reflead, ad basin subacuminato-effusd. THE SHORT-SPIRE MELANIA. Shell acuminately ovate, olive, rather transparent, whorls five to six, slopingly convex, smooth; aperture oblong-ovate, columella thinly reflected, rather acuminately effused at the base. AntHony, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A simple keel-less species, of few whorls. Species 264. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA NIGROCINCTA, subventricosd, fulvo-olivaced, fasciis duabus nigro-fus- Mel. testa ovato-conicd, medio cis, in anfractu ultimo quatuor, cinctd, anfractibus quingue ad sex, levibus, declivi-angulatis, angulo ver- sus aperturam gradatim evanido; apertura oblongo- ovatd, columella tenué reflerd, ad basin effusd. THE BLACK-BANDED MELANIA. Shell ovately conical, rather ventricose in the middle, fulvous-olive, encir- cled with two black-brown bands, in the last whorl with four, whorls five to six, smooth, slopingly angled, angle gradually fading towards the aperture; aper- ture oblong-ovate, columella thinly reflected, effused at the base, Antuony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 90. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A short ventricose species, encircled with four black bands, of which the two middle ones rather approximate, but the whorls yet overlap between them, hiding the two lower from the two upper bands in all but the last whorl. Species 265. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) Mexanta Bicotor. Mel. testd turriculatd, subangustd, fulvo-olivaced, infra suturas pallidiore, anfractibus sex ad octo, declivi-convexis, undique concentricé plicato- striatis ; apertura parviuseuld, labro sinuato et effuso. Tur two-coroureD Mnuanra. Shell turriculated, ra- ther narrow, fulvous-olive, paler beneath the sutures, whorls six to eight, slopingly convex, concentrically plicately striated throughout ; aperture rather small, lip sinuated and effused. Antuony, MS. in Mus. V. d. Busch. Hab. United States. The shell here figured was received by Dr. Von dem Busch from Mr. Anthony with the above name attached to it in manuscript. The only variation of colour in the spe- cimen consists in its being paler next the sutures. Species 266. (Mus. Cuming.) Meuania apis. Mel. testa conico-ovatd, solidiusculd, oli- vaceo-brunned, anfractibus quinque ad septem, convexis, liris obtusis subdistantibus quatuor cingulatis ; aper- turd ovatd, margine rufo-nigricante. THe BEE MeLania. Shell conically ovate, rather solid, olive-brown, whorls five to seven, convex, encircled with four rather distant obtuse ridges ; aperture ovate, margin reddish-black. Hab. Vera Cruz, Mexico. Although resembling the Tennessee Melanie, there is a characteristic typical difference in the colouring of IZ. apis. September, 1860. MELANIA.—Ptate XXXVIII. Species 267. (Mus. Cuming.) MeEtanra occatTa. Mel. testd ovatd, virente-olivaced, an- fractibus quinque ad septem, superné concavo-declivibus, deinde convexis, liris tuberculatis perangustis undique carinatis ; apertura ovata, ad basin sinuato-effusd, colu- mella tenué reflerd, cerulescente. THE HaRROWED MeEranra. Shell ovate, greenish-olive, whorls five to seven, concavely sloping round the up- per part, then convex, keeled throughout with very narrow tubercled ridges; aperture ovate, sinuately effused at the base, columella thinly reflected, bluish. Hrxps, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xiv. p. 8. Melania Shastaensis, Lea. Hab. River Sacramento, California. Chiefly distinguished by its sharply defined sculpture of narrow tubercularly festooned ridges. Species 268. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANTA RARINODOSA. Mel. testd ovato-turbinatd, oli- vaced, obscure latifasciata, anfractibus quingue ad sex, plano-converis, superné tumidis et obsolete nodosis ; apertura ovata, columella intorto-effusa. THE RARE-NODULED Mexania. Shell ovately turbinated, olive, obscurely broad-banded, whorls five to six, flatly convex, obtusely swollen and obsoletely noduled round the upper part; aperture ovate, columella twistedly effused. Antuony, MS. in Mus. Von dem Busch. Had. United States. Rather a doubtful species, received by Dr. Busch from Mr. Anthony with the above name in manuscript. Species 269. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANTA BELLA. Mel. testa conico-turritd, brunnescente- olivaced, anfractibus septem ad octo, convexis, tricari- | natis, carind mediand angulato-productd, supera nitidé gemmata, carinis versus aperturam gradatim evanidis ; apertura ovata, ad basin tenué effusa. Tue PRETTY Metania. Shell conically turreted, brown- ish-olive, whorls seven to eight, convex, encircled with three keels, the middle one angularly produced, the upper neatly beaded, keels gradually fading to- wards the aperture; aperture ovate, columella thinly effused at the base. Conrap, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Georgia, United States. An interesting species, to which our figure scarcely does justice. Its principal characteristic consists in the whorls being encircled above the prominent central keel by an in- terrupted keel, or rather necklace of fine beads. It ap- proaches rather near to Lamarck’s MV. carinifera. Species 270. (Mus. Cuming.) Metania RicIpa. Mel. testa acute turritd, fulvo-olives- cente, nigro varie fasciata, anfractibus octo ad novem, acuté tricarinatis, carina mediand multo prominente ; apertura ovata, parviusculd, columella tenué reflexd, ad basin canaliculato-effusa. THe RIGID Metanra. Shell sharply turreted, fulvous- olive, variously banded with black, whorls eight to nine, sharply three-keeled, the middle keel much the most prominent; aperture ovate, rather small, colu- mella thinly reflected, canaliculately effused at the base. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 62. Hab. Tennesse, United States. A sharply keeled, prettily banded species, more rigid and acuminated in growth than J. del/a, while the uppermost keel is not broken into beads as in that species. Species 271. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA TENEBROCINCTA. Mel. testa conico-ovati, ful- vescente, olivacco-nigro latifasciatd, anfractibus sex ad sey tem, levibus, plano-declivibus, parum convexis; aper- turd parviusculd, ovata, columella tenué reflerd, ad basin sinuato-effusa. THE DARK-BANDED MELANIA. Shell conically ovate, yellowish, encircled with a broad black band, whorls six to seven, smooth, flatly sloping, but little convex ; aperture rather small, ovate, columella thinly reflected, sinuately effused at the base. Anxtuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 58. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A rather obtusely conical shell, encircled with an un- usually broad black band. rl lel ct Lith Melania Pt. XXXIX. 2736 “ o Mo Bel CAVINGIAS. PuatE XXXIX. Species 272. (Mus. Cuming.) MeLania costutata. Mel. testd acuminato-conicd, fla- vescente-olivaced, anfractibus octo, primis perpaucis carinatis, ceteris rotundatis, superné longitudinaliter plicato-costatis ; apertura ovata, columella ad basin tenue canaliculato-effusda. THE FINELY RIBBED Mexanta. Shell acuminately co- nical, yellowish-olive, whorls eight, the first few keeled, the rest rounded, longitudinally plicately ribbed round the upper part; aperture ovate, colu- mella thinly canaliculately effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. viii. pl. 6. f. 39. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Characteristically sculptured with somewhat irregular wrinkle-like ribs ranning down from the suture over the upper half of each whorl. Species 273. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA CARINIFERA. Jel. turriculatd, virescente-oli- vaced aut fulvd, fasciis purpureo-rufis interdum cingu- lati, anfractibus septem ad octo, declivi-convevis, in- ferne carinis duabus cingulatis, carind gemmatd inter- dum supra ; apertura ovata, columella ad basin tenue effusa. THE KEELED MELANIA. olive, or yellowish, sometimes encircled with purple- red bands, whorls seven to eight, slopingly convex, encircled round the lower part with two keels, with sometimes a beaded keel above tliem ; aperture ovate, columella thinly effused at the base. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vill. p. 433. Hab. Georgia, United States. Encircled above the suture with two rather prominent keels, and beneath the suture with, sometimes, a keel of fine beads, Shell turriculated, greenish- Species 274. (Mus. Cuming.) Merania acuta. Mel. testdé acuminato-turritd, solidius- culd, fulvo-olivaced, anfractibus octo ad decem, plano- declivibus, dense concentrice striatis, sulco unico lineari inferne cinctis ; apertura ovata, parviusculd, columella tenue reflexd, ad basin sinuato-effusd. Tue acute Meuanta. Shell acuminately turreted, rather solid, fulvous-olive, whorls eight to ten, flatly sloping, densely concentrically striated, encircled round the lower part with a linear groove ; aperture ovate, ra- ther small, columella thinly reflected, sinuately effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. vol. iv. pl. 15. f. 32. Hab. Georgia, United States. A rather solid Zerebra-like shell, carved throughout with close-set concentric strize, and sculptured above the suture with a single linear groove. Species 275. (Mus. Cuming.) Mriania Proxima. Mel. testd elongato-turbinatd, vi- rescente-olivaced, purpureo-fusco sparse fasciatd, an- Sractibus octo ad novem, plano-convexis, levibus, su- perne tumidiusculis ; aperturd ovatd, columella ad basin tenue effusd. THE ALiinp Menanta. Shell elongately turbinated, greenish-olive, sparingly banded with purple-brown, whorls eight to nine, flatly convex, smooth, slightly swollen round the upper part; aperture ovate, colu- mella thinly effused at the base. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. v. p. 126. Hab. Alabama. Approaching to the Hemisinus type of the group. Species 276. (Mus. Cuming.) Metania NopuLosa. Mel. testd obtuse subulatd, brun- nescente-olivaced, anfractibus septem ad octo, declivi- converis, superne decussatim plicato-nodulosis ; aper- turd ovata, columella ad basin tenueé effusd. Tur NopULED Me.ania. Shell obtusely subulate, brown- ish-olive, whorls seven to eight, slopingly convex, decussately plicately noduled round the upper part ; aperture ovate, columella thinly effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. viii. pl. 6. f. 57. Hab. Tennessee, United States. There is an approximation to the Guiana type of dZe- Jania in this species, exemplified in the nodular decussation of transverse ridges over folds running down from the su- ture. Species 277. (Mus, Cuming.) Mevanta BrumsByt. Mel. testa pyramidali, crassiusculd, September, 1860. MELANIA.—Puate XXXIX. ustulato-olivaced, ad suturas fulvescente, anfractibus octo ad decem, carinis tenuibus undique funiculatis, ad suturas canaliculatis, interstitiis crispato-striatis ; apertura subanguste ovatd, columella rufo-purpured, contorto-appressd, ad basin acuminato-sinnatd. Brumpy’s Mexania. Shell pyramidal, rather thick, burnt-olive, fulvous at the sutures, whorls eight to ten, corded with fine keels throughout, channelled at the sutures, interstices crisp-striated ; aperture rather narrowly ovate, columella reddish-purple, twistedly appressed, acuminately sinuated at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. x. pl. 30. f. 5. Hab. Alabama, United States. This fine species presents almost a new type of Me- lania. It is a closely keeled pyramidal shell, of a peculiar burnt-olive colour, tinged with reddish-purple about the columella, which is curiously twistedly appressed. Species 278. (Mus. Cuming.) Mevania DesHaYyEsIANa. Jel. testa acuminato-ovatd, ad apicem elevata, sordide olivaced, anfractibus declivi- tumidis, primis paucis longitudinaliter plicatis, plicis cito evanidis, transversim liratis, liris versus apertu- ram obsoletis ; apertura ovatd, superné subcontractd, columella ad basin tenueé effusd. Desuayes’ Meuania, Shell acuminately ovate, raised at the apex, dull-olive, whorls slopingly tumid, the first few longitudinally plicated, plaits soon disap- pearing, transversely ridged, ridges obsolete towards the aperture ; aperture ovate, rather contracted, at the upper part, columella thinly effused at the base. Hab. Tennessee, United States. The whorls of this species are swollen in a sloping manner towards the upper part, and the spire is acumi- nately raised at the apex. The first few whorls are de- cussately sculptured, but the sculpture soon becomes ob- solete. Species 279. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA RUFESCENS. Mel. testd ovatd, rufescente-oliva- ced, anfractibus sex, plicis longitudinalibus striisque transversis plus minus obsolete decussatis ; apertura oblongo-ovata, columella ad basin effusd. THe RUFOUS MeLanta. Shell ovate, reddish-olive, whorls six, more or less obsoletely decussated with trans- verse ridges and longitudinal plaits; aperture ob- long-ovate, columella effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. viii. pl. 5. f. 8. Hab. Tennessee, United States, There is a decussated sculpture in this species, but it is almost obliterated. Species 280. (Mus. Cuming.) Meania ALtTiIrera, Mel. testa subfusiformi-acuminatd, flavescente-olivaced, glabra, anfractibus novem ad de- cem, declivi-convexis, tenue spiraliter liratis, liris versus aperturam obsoletis ; aperturd anguste ovatd, columella tenue reflead, ad basin effuso-productd. THE SLENDER MepaniaA. Shell somewhat fusiformly acuminated, yellowish-olive, smooth, whorls nine to ten, slopingly convex, finely spirally ridged, ridges ob- solete towards the aperture ; aperture narrowly ovate, columella thinly reflected, effusely produced at the base. Antuony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 87. Hab. Ohio, United States. Of a pale yellowish-olive colour and rather fusiformly acuminated growth, encircled towards the apex with fine ridges. MELANIA. Prite XL. ' Species 281. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA LAQUEATA. Mel. testd conico-ovatd, olivaceo- virente, fasciis duabus vel tribus purpureo-fuscis cingu- lata, anfractibus septem, oblique plicato-costatis, inter- stitiis spiraliter liratis, costis lirisque versus aperturam evanidis ; apertura ovatd, columella ad basin canalicu- lato-effusa. Tue FLurED Metanta. Shell conically ovate, olive- green, encircled with two or three purple-brown bands, whorls seven, obliquely plicately ribbed, in- terstices spirally ridged, ribs and ridges fading towards the aperture ; aperture ovate, columella canaliculately effused at the base. Say, Amer. Conch. pl. 47. f. 1. Hab. United States. Strongly obliquely plaited with ribs, the interstices be- tween which are finely spirally ridged, especially towards the apex. Species 282. (Mus. Cuming.) MeLanta suBcariNata. Mel. testa pyramidali-conied, olivaced, anfractibus septem ad octo, declivi-conveuis, primis perpaucis bicarinatis, carind inferiori valde pro- minente; apertura ovatd, parviusculd, columella ad basin tenué effusd. THE PARTIALLY-KEELED Mpuanta. Shell pyramidally conical, olive, whorls seven to eight, slopingly convex, the first few double-keeled, the lower keel very pro- minent ; aperture ovate, rather small, columella thinly effused at the base. Antuony, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. United States. Very strongly pyramidally keeled, but the keels soon disappear. Species 283. (Mus. Cuming.) Mevania cuspipata. Mel. testéd acute conicd, livido- olivaced, pellucidd, ad suturas albidd, spirdé mucronata, anfractibus septem, convexo-planis, ad suturas subim- mersis ; aperturd ovatd, columella tenué reflexd, ad basin effusd. Tue SPEAR-POINTED MeLaNta. Shell sharply conical, livid-olive, transparent, whitish at the sutures, spire sharp-pointed, whorls seven, convexly flattened, slightly immersed at the sutures; aperture ovate, co- lumella thinly reflected, effused at the base. Antnony, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Ohio, United States. Chiefly distinguished by its sharply pointed spire, and by the apparent immersion of the whorls at the sutures. Species 284. (Mus. Cuming.) Meuanra pLicrrERa. Mel. testd cylindraceo-elongatd, olivaced, anfractibus octo ad novem, angustis, valide concentrice plicato-costatis, costis in anfractu ultimo evanidis ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, parviusculd, colu- melld incurvd, parum effusd. Tue PLAITeD Metanta. Shell cylindrically elongated, olive, whorls eight to nine, narrow, strongly concen- trically plicately ribbed, ribs disappearing on the last whorl ; aperture oblong-ovate, rather small, columella incurved, but little effused. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. vi. pl. 23. f. 10. Hab. Columbia River, Oregon. Distinctly characterized by its cylindrically drawn-out form, and very strong plicated ribs, which cease rather ab- ruptly on the penultimate whorl. Species 285. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA PERANGULATA. Jel. testd acute turritd, fla- vescente-olivaced, anfractibus octo, declivi-convexis, tri- carinatis, carini mediand valde prominente, superd gemmatd, carinis in anfractu ultimo subobsoletis ; aper- turd ovatd, columella ad basin sinuato-effusd. THE STRONGLY-aANGLED Mb Lanta. Shell sharply tur- reted, yellowish-olive, whorls eight, slopingly convex, encircled with three keels, the middle keel very pro- minent, the uppermost beaded, keels nearly obsolete on the last whorl ; aperture ovate, columella sinuately effused at the base. Conrapb, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. United States. The sculpture of this species is similar to that of IZ. del/a, more sharply and prominently developed. Species 286. (Mus. Cuming.) Mezanra Curreyana. Mel. testa cylindraceo-oblongd, September, 1860. ee latter MELANIA.—Ptate XL. flavescente-olivaced, anfractibus septem ad octo, oblique valide varicoso-costatis, costis distantibus ; aperturd ovatd, columella tenue reflexd, effust. Currey’s Menanta. Shell cylindrically oblong, yellow- ish-olive, whorls seven to eight, obliquely strongly varicosely ribbed, ribs distant ; aperture ovate, colu- mella thinly reflected, effused. Lwa, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. viti. pl. 6. f. 36. Hab. Kentucky, United States. Of the same type as W. plicifera, but the shell is less cylindrically elongated, and the ribs are more distant, and have more the character of varices. Species 287. (Mus. Cuming.) Mexania Mouuccensts. Mel. testd elongato-turritd, pal- lidé olivaced, anfractibus septem ad novem, plano-con- vewis, longitudinaliter densé rugoso-striatis, superne de- clivi-angulatis, ad angulum et ad suturam lira tenui funiculatis ; apertura ovatd, columella tenué effusd. Motucca Metanta. Shell elongately turreted, pale-olive, whorls seven to nine, flatly convex, longi- tudinally densely roughly striated, slopingly angled round the upper part, corded with a fine ridge on the angle and at the suture; aperture ovate, columella thinly effused. Quoy, Zool. Voy. de l’Astrol. vol. iii. pl. 56. f. 22-25. Hab. Moluccas. THE A shell of light turreted growth, corded throughout at the upper and lower parts of each whorl by a neat ridge. Fig. 288. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured is ticketed in Mr. Cuming’s ca- binet I/. Proteus, Lea, but it does not agree with Mr. Lea’s description or figure of that species, and may be a variety of MW. laqgueata, Say. Species 289. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA CIRCINCTA. diusculd, virescente-olivaced, fascia purpureo-nigra cin- gulata, anfractibus septem, declivi-convexis, minute con- centricé striatis ; apertura ovata, parva, labro sinuato et effuso, columella subcalloso-reflexd. THE ENCIRCLED Mexanta. Shell cylindrically ovate, rather solid, greenish-olive, encircled with a purple- black band, whorls seven, slopingly convex, minutely Mel. testa cylindraceo-ovatd, soli- concentrically striated; aperture ovate, small, lip si- nnous and effused, columella rather callously reflected. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. viii. pl. 6. f. 51. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A conspicuously banded species, of rather solid growth, with a more than usually sinuous lip. Species 290. (Mus. Cuming.) Metania picta. Mel. testd subfusiformi-ovatd, medio ventricosd, fulvescente, purpureo-nigro varie fasciatd, anfractibus sex, declivi-convexis, levibus ; apertura ob- longo-ovatd, columella reflexd, ad basin subeffusd. THe parntED MeLania. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, ventricose in the middle, yellowish, variously banded with purple-black, whorls six, slopingly con- vex, smooth; aperture oblong-ovate, columella re- flected, slightly effused at the base. Lea, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. United States. Distinguished by a fusiformly ovate shape, neatly banded throughout upon a warm yellowish ground. Melanta Pl. XL. MELAN TA: PLATE Species 291. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA victNa. Mel. testa conico-ovatd, subventricosd, olivaced, anfractious quingue ad sex, declivi-convexis, su- pra infraque obsolete tumido-angulatis, oblique striatis ; apertura ovatd, columella ad basin tenue effusd. THE NEIGHBOURING MELANIA. Shell conically ovate, rather ventricose, olive, whorls five to six, slopingly convex, obsoletely tumidly angled above and below, obliquely striated ; aperture ovate, columella thinly effused at the base. AntHony, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 1854, p. 114. Hab. Alabama, United States. There is an obscure tumid angulation about the upper and lower parts of the whorls of this species which is cha- racteristic. Species 292. (Mus. Cuming.) Mevanta peEcorA.. Mel. testd acuminato-turritd, fus- cescente-olivaced, ad suturas pallida, anfractibus no- vem ad decem, convewis, rudé plicato-costatis, primis paucis medio carinatis ; apertura ovatd, parva, colu- mellé ad basin tenue effusd. THE GRACEFUL MeLania. Shell acuminately turreted, brownish-olive, pale at the sutures, whorls nine to ten, convex, rudely plicately ribbed, the first few keeled in the middle; aperture ovate, small, columella thinly effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. viii. pl. 6. f. 38. Hab. Niagara, United States. Ribbed longitudinally in rather a rude tubercular man- ner, the ribs disappearing on the last whorl. Species 293. (Mus. Cuming. I g MELANIA CALIGINOSA. gricanie-olivaced, anfractibus novem ad decem, declivi- Mel. testa pyramidali-conicd, ni- bus, longitudinaliter varicoso-costatis, transversim li- ratis et sulcatis, suturis impressis ; apertura ovatd, parviuscula, fauce violaceo-purpured, columella subin- curvd, ad basin appresse effusd. THe Dark Mevanta. Shell pyramidally conical, blackish- olive, whorls nine to ten, sloping, longitudinally varicosely ribbed, transversely ridged and grooved, sutures impressed ; aperture ovate, rather small, in- XLI. terior violet-purple, columella rather incurved, ap- pressly effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. viii. pl. 6. f. 56. Hab, United States. A dark greenish-olive, varicosely ribbed shell, distin- guished by a dark violet-purple interior. Fig. 294. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured proves to be a faintly-marked va- riety of the Mexican JZ. Schiedeana, described at Plate XV. Sp. 101. Species 295. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta Porosiensis. Mel. testd acuminato-conicd, ustulato-olivaced, spird elevatd, anfractibus decem, de- clivi-convexis, undique levibus ; apertura ovata, fauce purpurascente, columella tenue reflead. Tue Porost Munania. Shell burnt-olive, raised, acuminately conical, whorls ten, slopingly convex, smooth throughout ; aperture ovate, purplish within, columella thinly reflected. Lua, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. viii. pl. 6. f. 47. Hab, Potosi, Missouri, United States. spire There is no sculpture whatever in this species, and the | aperture and columella are coloured a delicate reddish- | purple. Species 296. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA INTERTEXTA. Mel. testé acuminato-turritd, virente-olivaced, ad suturas flavicante, anfractibus no- vem ad decem, declivi-convexis, longitudinaliter brevi- plicatis, spiraliter multiliratis, lird mediand prominen- tiore ; apertura ovatd, columella ad basin tenue effusd. THE WOVEN Meranra. Shell acuminately turreted, vreen- ish-olive, yellowish at the sutures, whorls nine to ten, slopingly convex, longitudinally shortly plicated, spi- rally many-ridged, the middle ridge more prominent ; aperture ovate, columella thinly effused at the base. AnTHONY, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 62. Hab. Tennessee, United States. The longitudinally plicated sculpture of this species is short and somewhat rude; the spiral ridges or keels vary much in strength of development. September, 1860. MELANIA.—Puate XLI. Species 297. (Mus. Cuming.) MeLanta Mopusta. Mel. testd conico-turbinatd, crassius- culd, olivaced, ad suturas pallida, anfractibus sex ad septem, declivibus, inferne gibboso-angulatis, ad angu- lum subobsolete plicato-tuberculatis ; aperturd pyrifor- mi-ovatd, fauce fusca, columella ad basin appresse ef- Susi. Tue Mopest Metanta. Shell conically turbinated, rather thick, olive, pale at the sutures, whorls six to seven, sloping, gibbously angled round the lower part, rather obsoletely plicately tubercled at the angle; aperture pyriformly ovate, brown within, columella appressly effused at the base. Lua, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. x. pl. 9. f. 34. Hab. Georgia, United States. A somewhat stout shell, with the whorls sloping towards the lower part to an obtuse angle, on which they are ra- ther obsoletely rudely tubercled. The specimens here fi- cured from Mr. Cuming’s cabinet, though received from America as types of this species, agree very indifferently with Mr. Lea’s figure and description. Species 298. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA CATENOIDES. cente-fuscd, liris nigricantibus, linearibus equidistan- Mel. testé conico-ovata, flaves- tihus undique cingulatd, anfractibus sex ad septem, plano-declivibus, ultimo inflato, medio obtuse angulato, liris undique granoso-interruptis ; apertura oblongo- ovata, columella ad basin tenue effusd. ‘Tur CHAINED Mexanta. Shell conically ovate, yellowish- brown, encircled throughout with equidistant, dark, linear ridges, whorls six to seven, flatly sloping, the last inflated, obtusely angled in the middle, ridges eranosely interrupted throughout ; aperture oblong- ovate, columella thinly effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. viii. pl. 6. f. 60. Hab. Georgia, United States. A somewhat semitransparent yellowish-brown shell, en- circled throughout at regular intervals with dark linear ridges, which are rather obsoletely granosely interrupted. Species 299. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA suBsoLIDA. Mei. testa fusiformi-conicd, subab- breviatd, solidd, olivaceo-virente, anfractibus sex, decli- vi-converis, levibus ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, subampla, fauce cerulescente, purpureo-tinctd, columella reflexd, ad basin appressé effusd. Tue sonrp MELANTA. short, solid, olive-green, whorls six, slopingly convex, smooth ; aperture oblong-ovate, rather large, interior bluish, purple-tinged, columella reflected, appressly effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. vin. pl. 5. f. 12. Hab. United States. Shell fusiformly conical, rather A rather solid, smooth, fusiformly ovate shortly convo- luted shell, with an aperture somewhat large in proportion, which in dark olive-green specimens is blue, tinged with purple. Species 300. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA INCURTA. vescente-olivaced, anfractibus levibus, superne declivi- Mel. testa subpyramidali-conicd, fla- contractis, deinde rotundatis ; aperturd ovatd, colu- mella reflecd, ad basin leviter sinuatd. Tue contractep MELaNIA. Shell somewhat pyramidally conical, yellowish-olive, whorls smooth, slopingly con- tracted round the upper part, then rounded ; aperture ovate, columella reflected, slightly sinuated at the base. Antuony, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. United States. All L can say of this shell is that it is in Mr. Cuming’s cabinet with the above name in manuscript, alleged to have been received from Mr. Anthony. Melania PL. XLL. \ MELANTIA. Puate XLII. Species 301. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA INFRAFASCIATA. choided, virente-olivaced aut fusca, ad basin fascia unica nigricante cinctd, anfractibus octo ad novem, de- clivi-concavis, arcuatim tenuistriatis, ultimo inferne acute angulato ; apertura ovata, subangustd, columella contorto-incurvd, ad basin effusd. THE UNDER-BANDED Meant. Shell pyramidally tro- choid, greenish-olive or brown, encireled with a dark band at the base, whorls eight to nine, slopingly con- eave, finely arcuately striated, the last sharply angled round the lower part; aperture ovate, rather narrow, columella twistedly incurved, effused at the base. Antony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 57. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A smooth, shining, trochoid shell, encircled with a con- spicuous band below the angle of the last whorl. Species 302. (Mus. Cuming.) MeLania Pasticiata. Mel. testd fusiformi-pyramidali, flavido-virente, fasciis duabus rufo-fuscis distantibus cingulata, anfractibus novem ad decem, declivi-planis, primis paucis validé carinatis, ceteris levibus ; aper- turd subanguste ovaté, columella reflead, ad basin in- curva et canaliculato-effusa. THe potnreD Mexania. Shell fusiformly pyramidal, yellowish-green, encircled with two distant red-brown bands, whorls nine to ten, slopingly flattened, the first few strongly carinated, the rest smooth; aperture ra- ther narrowly ovate, columella reflected, incurved, and canaliculately effused at the base. Antony, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 113. Fab. Tennessee, United States. A shell of rather delicate substance, encircled through- out with two distant red-brown bands. Species 303. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA PYRENELLA. Mel. testd gracili-pyramidali, castanco-olivaced, ad suturas pallida, anfractibus decem ad undecim, declivi-planatis aut concavis, levibus, in- ferné angulatis et carinatis; apertura ovata, fauce purpured, columellé contorto-incurvd, ad basin appressé effusa. Mel. testé pyramidali-tro- THE OLIVE-STONE MELANTA. Shell slenderly pyramidal, chestnut-olive, pale at the sutures, whorls ten to eleven, slopingly flattened or concave, smooth, angled and keeled round the lower parts; aperture ovate, purplish within, columella twistedly incurved, ap- pressly effused at the base. Conran, New Freshwater Shells, p. 52. pl. 8. f. 5. Hab. Alabama. A very sharply pyramidal shell, smooth and shining, corded throughout above the sutures with a fine keel. Species 304. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA CANALICULATA. subtrochoided, crassa, ponderosa, olivaced, Mel. testé obeso-pyramidali, anfractibus novem ad undecim, declivi-convexis, costd und, inter- dum duabus, medio cingulatis; apertura subanguste ovatd, columelld contorto-incurvd, callosa, ad basin ef- fuso-canaliculata. THE CHANNELLED Meant. Shell stoutly pyramidal, somewhat trochoid, thick, heavy, olive, whorls nine to eleven, slopingly convex, encircled round the middle sometimes with one rib, sometimes with two; aperture rather narrowly ovate, columella twistedly incurved, callous, effusely channelled at the base. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 175. Hab. Alabama, United States. A stout, pyramidally trochoid shell, encircled sometimes with one revolving rib, sometimes with two, in which latter case the whorls appear to be broadly channelled throughout at the sutures. Species 305. (Mus. Cuming.) MBELANIA ELONGATA. Mel. test@ pyramidali-trochoided, crassa, sordide olivaced, fasciis distantibus nigris inter- dum cincta, anfractibus novem ad decem, concavo-planis, interdum validé tri-quadricarinatis, ultimo ad basin semper carinato ; aperturd abbreviato-ovatd, columella callosé, contorto-incurvd, ad basin effuso-canaliculatd. THE ELONGATED MeLantA. Shell pyramidally trochoid, thick, dark-olive, sometimes encircled with two dis- tant black bands, whorls nine to ten, concavely flat- tened, sometimes strongly three- to four-keeled, last whorl always keeled at the base; aperture shortly September, 1860. MELANIA.—Puate XLII. ovate, columella callous, twistedly incurved, effusely channelled at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. iv. pl. 15. f. 29. Hab. Alabama, United States. An obtusely angled, pyramidally trochoid shell, rather obscurely banded upon a dark-olive ground. Species 306. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA RORATA. Mel. testd pyramidali-conica, fusco- olivaced, spira elevatd, anfractibus decem ad undecin, declivi-conveuis, liris confertiusculis, quarum nonnullis gemmatis, undique cingulatis ; apertura ovatd, colu- mellé callosd, contorta, effuso-canaliculata. THE BEDEWED Mexanta. Shell pyramidally conical, brownish-olive, spire raised, whoris ten to eleven, slopingly convex, corded throughout with rather close-set ridges, some of which are beaded; aper- ture ovate, columella callous, twisted, effusely chan- nelled. Hab. Alabama, United States. Although closely allied to the preceding species, 1 have no specimens with which to connect it. The form, as well | as the sculpture, in Mr. Cuming’s specimens, differs mate- rially. Species 307. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA UNDULATA. Mel. testa obeso-pyramidali, tro- choided, crassa, ponderosa, olivaced, anfractibus octo ad novem, declivi-convexis, costis duabus rude tuberculatis distantibus cingulatis ; apertura subabbreviato-ovatd, columella callosd, incurvd, ad basin effuso-canaliculata. Tuer waveD Mexantra. Shell stoutly pyramidal, trochoid, thick, ponderous, olive, whorls eight to nine, slo- pingly convex, encircled with two distant, rudely tu- bercled ribs ; aperture rather shortly ovate, columella callous, incurved, effusely channelled at the base. Say, New Harm. Diss. vol. ii. p. 261. Hab. Ohio, United States. This species differs from Jf. canaliculata only in having the distant revolving ribs strongly tubercled, and in the columella ending in a deeper, effused channel. Species 308. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA ANNULIFERA. crassa, fulvo-olivaced, anfractibus declivi-convevis, cos- tis validibus undique regulariter annulaté ; apertura ovata, parva, columella reflead, ad basin appresse effusa. THE RINGED Mpiania. Shell subulately pyramidal, thick, fulvous-olive, whorls slopingly convex, regu- larly ringed throughout with strong ribs; aperture ovate, small, columella reflected, appressly effused at the base. Conrap, New Freshwater Shells, p. 51. pl. 4. f. 5. Hab. Alabama, United States. Mel. testa subulato-pyramidali, This is of a more subulate form than the three preceding species, ribbed and grooved with the regularity of a screw. = Melanita Pt ALL Sia BIG MELANIA. Prate XLII. Species 309. (Mus. Cuming.) MetaniA onivuta. Mel. testa cylindraceo-ovata, fulvo- olivaced, fasciis quatuor fusco-nigricantibus cingulata, spird obtusa, anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexis, un- dique transversim liratis ; apertura oblongo-ovatda, an- gusta, columella reflexd, ad basin paululum effusd. THE LITTLE OLIVE Meuania. Shell cylindrically ovate, fulvous-olive, encircled with four brown-black bands, spire obtuse, whorls five to six, convex, transversely ridged throughout ; aperture oblong-ovate, narrow, columella reflected, a little effused at the base. Conrap, Amer. Journ. Sci. p. 25. pl. 1. f. 13. Hab. United States. Of a cylindrically oval Tornatel/a-like form, neatly ridged and banded across throughout. Species 310. (Mus. Cuming.) Meranta Haystana. Mel. testa cylindraceo-ovatd, spira obtuse elevatd, fulvo-olivaced aut brunned, nigricante- fusco interdum fasciatd, anfractibus quingue ad sex, obscure transversim liratis, liris irregularibus subno- dosis ; apertura angustd, ovatd, columella reflexd, ad basin effusa. Hay’s Mexanta. Shell cylindrically ovate, spire obtusely raised, fulvous-olive or brown, sometimes transversely banded with blackish-brown, whorls five to six, ob- scurely transversely ridged, ridges irregular, slightly noduled ; aperture narrowly ovate, columella reflected, effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. ix. p. 25. Hab. United States. If the shell here figured is really an authentic specimen, I doubt if the species is anything more than a variety of the preceding. Species 311. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA CYLINDRACEA. Mel. testé cylindraceo-oblongd, medio subcontractd, fulvo-virente, fasciis nigro-fuscis plus minus distincte pictd, spird brevi, subimmersd, an- Sractibus quingue ud sex, levigatis ; apertura elongato- oblonga, superné perangustd, columella incurvd, tenue reflexd, parum effusa. THE CYLINDRICAL Mexania. Shell cylindrically-oblong, slightly contracted in the middle, fulvous-green, more or less distinctly painted with brown-black bands, spire short, rather immersed, whorls five to six, smooth ; aperture elongately oblong, the upper part, columella incurved, thinly reflected, but little effused. Conrab, New Freshwater Shells, p. 55. pl. 8. f. 10. Hab. Alabama, United States. very narrow at A smooth, greenish-olive species, somewhat irregularly banded, well characterized by its contracted oblong form, short immersed spire and elongated aperture owing to the slight descent of the whorls. Species 312. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Meuania AMPLA. Mel. testé conico-ovoidei, obesd, ven- tricosd, fulvo-olivaced, fusco-nigro varie fasciatd, an- fractibus quingue ad sex, convewis, obsolete obtuse tu- berculatis ; apertura ovata, columellé ad basin ap- presse effusa. THe aMPLE MELANIA. Shell conically ovoid, stout, ven- tricose, fulvous-olive, variously banded with black- brown, whorls five to six, convex, obsoletely obtusely tubercled ; aperture ovate, columella appressly effused at the base. Antuony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 93. Hab. Alabama, United States. A bulky conically ovoid shell, more or less obscurely banded, and showing faint indications of tubercles. Species 313. (Mus. Cuming.) Mepania HaRPa. Mel. testd conico-ovatd, crassa, fulvo- brunned, anfractibus quinque ad sex, costis distantibus undique cingulatis, costis interdum obscuré gemmatis ; apertura ovatd, columella sublate reflerd, ad basin ef- Susi. Tur Harp Mezantza. Shell conically ovate, thick, ful- vous-brown, whorls five to six, encircled throughout with distant ribs, ribs sometimes obscurely keeled ; aperture ovate, columella rather broadly reflected, effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. x. pl. 9. f. 45. Hab. Alabama, United States. A solid conical shell, boldly ribbed throughout, the ribs September, 1860. MELANIA.—Puate XLII. being rather distant, and inclined towards the upper part of the whorls to break up into beads. i Fig. 314. (Mus. Cuming.) Mr. Cuming has the name J. /ateralis with this shell, but it appears to be only a variety of the preceding spe- cies. Species 315. (Mus. Cuming.) Meanra venusta. Mel. testd conico-ovatd, subobesd, fulvo-olivaced, anfractibus quingue ad sew, superné de- clivibus, interdum seriatim gemmatis, deinde gibbosis ; aperturd ovald, fauce purpureo-fused, columella su- perne callositate munitd, inferné contorto-reflead, ad basin subcanaliculatd. PRETTY Metanta. Shell conically ovate, rather stout, fulvous-olive, whorls five to six, sloping at the upper part, sometimes encircled with rows of beads, then gibbous ; aperture ovate, purple-brown within, columella furnished at the upper part with a callosity, twistedly reflected at the lower, slightly channelled at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. vii. pl. 6. f. 52. Hab. Alabama. The specimen figured in our Plate is a smooth variety of the species ; sometimes it is encircled round the upper part with one or two rows of beads. THE Species 316. (Mus. Cuming.) ‘ Mebanra ImpreEssA. Mel. testd ovata, subquadratéa, fulvo-olivaced, nigricante-fusco obscure fasciatd, anfrac- tibus quinque ad sex, ad marginem tumidiusculis, un- dique creberrimé lineari-liratis et sulcatis ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, columella subcallosd, arcuatd, ad basin sinuato-effusa. THE IMPRESSED Metanta. Shell ovate, rather stout, fulvous-olive, obscurely banded with black-brown, "whorls five to six, rather swollen at the margin, very closely linearly ridged and grooved throughout ; aper- ture oblong-ovate, columella rather callous, arched, sinuately effused at the base. Lea, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Alabama, United States. An extremely characteristic species, the surface being engraved throughout with close-set linear grooves and ridges. Species 317. (Mus. Cuming.) MeLania vatipa. Mel. testd elongato-conicd, olivaced, anfractibus septem ad novem, declivi-planis, inferné angulatis ; aperturd pared, ovata, utrinque attenuata, columelld contorto-incurvd, ad basin canaliculata. THe stronG MELANIA. Shell elongately conical, olive, whorls seven to nine, slopingly flat, angled round the lower part ; aperture small, ovate, attenuated at each end, columella twistedly incurved, channelled at at the base. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 59. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Of rather elongated growth, each whorl being slightly angled and impressed at the lower part next the suture. Melania Pl. XLIV. Vincent Brooks, mp MELANIA, PuateE XLIV. Fig. 318. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured, an authentic specimen of Mr. Lea’s A. Shastaensis, appears to be identical with Mr. Hinds’ M. occata from the same locality, described at Plate XXXVIII. Fig. 267. Species 319. (Mus. Cuming.) MeExLanta suGintatTa. Mel. testa acuminato-turritd, li- vido-grised, anfractibus decem ad undecim, primis paucis acutissimé unicarinatis, ceteris levibus ; aper- turd rotundato-ovatd, columella contortd, ad basin si- nuato-reflexa. THE BRUISED MeLanta. Shell acuminately turreted, livid-grey, whorls ten to eleven, the first few encir- cled with a very sharp keel, the rest smooth ; aper- ture rotundately ovate, columella twisted, sinuately reflected at the base. Hab. Alabama. Of a smooth livid bruised aspect, encircled towards the apex with a particularly prominent fine keel, which soon disappears. Species 320. (Mus. Cuming.) MeELaAnta stricosa. Mel. testé acuminato-subulatda, fulvo- olivaced, anfractibus undecim ad duodecim, declivibus, ad suturas subangulato-impressis, longitudinaliler con- fertim striato-strigosis ; apertura ovata, columella ad basin tenue effusd. THE STREAKED MELANIA. fulvous-olive, whorls eleven to twelve, sloping, rather angularly impressed at the sutures, longitudinally closely streaked with strize ; aperture ovate, columella thinly effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. viii. pl. 5. f. 24. Hab. Virginia, United States. Shell acuminately subulate, The specific appellation of ‘streaked’ given to this spe- cies appears to refer to a dense sculpture of concentrically curved longitudinal strie. Species 321. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) . Mexuanra Virainica. Mel. testa subclongato-turritd, fulvo-olivaced, fasciis duabus angustis nigricante-fus- cis distantibus cingulata, anfractibus octo ad novem, subrotundatis, nunc laevibus, nune spiraliter liralis : apertura ovata, columellaé arcuatd, ad basin appresse éffusa. Tur VirGInIAN Metanta. Shell somewhat elongately turreted, fulvous-olive, encircled with two distant narrow black-brown bands, whorls eight to nine, somewhat rounded, now smooth, now spirally ridged ; aperture ovate, columella arched, appressly effused at the base. Buccinum Virginicum, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3505. Paludina Virginica, Say. Melania Virginica, Say. Melania multilineata, Say. Melania fasciata, Menke. Hab. Virginia, United States. The bands appear to be a more characteristic feature in this species than the sculpture, which is most inconstant. Species 322. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Mexania vestita. Mel. testd subulato-turritd, solidius- culd, fulvd, nigricante-castaneo varie fasciatd, anfrac- tibus undecim ad duodecim, plano-declivibus, levibus, primis perpaucis carinatis ; apertura oblique ovata, columellé contortd, ad basin canaliculato-recurvd. Tue cLtotueD Me.anta. Shell subulately turreted, ra- ther solid, fulvous, variously banded with blackish- chestnut, whorls eleven to twelve, flatly sloping, smooth, the first few keeled ; aperture obliquely ovate, columella twisted, canaliculately recurved at the base. Conrap, New Freshwater Shells, p. 57. pl. 8. f. 12. Hab, Alabama. A more solid shell than the preceding, more irregularly banded, with a faint keel encireling the earlier whorls. Fig. 323. (Mus. Cuming.) This shell is, I fear, a specimen of Hemisinus bicinctus convoluted by accidental stricture in a more acuminate manner than naturally belongs to that species. Species 324. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta Buppu. Mel. testd turritd, fulvescente, anfrac- fractibus octo ad novem, superne rotundatis, liris tenui- September, 1860. MELANIA.—Ptate XLIV. bus cingulatis, deinde planis, ad suturas carinatis et impressis ; apertura ovatd, columella ad basin appresse sinuata. Bupp’s Mexanta. Shell turreted, yellowish, whorls eight to nine, somewhat rounded at the upper part, encir- cled with fine ridges, then flat, keeled and impressed at the sutures; aperture ovate, columella appressly sinuated at the base. Lua, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. x. pl. 9. f. 44. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Rather impressed at the sutures, above which the whorls are variously encircled with fine ridges and keels. Species 325. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta aspersa. Mel. testdé ovato-turritd, subcylin- draced, olivaced, nigro promiscue aspersd, anfractibus paucis, conveais, spiraliter costatis, costis superioribus nodulatis, suturis plano-impressis ; apertura ovata, parviusculd, columella tenui, parum reflead. THE SPRINKLED Mexania. Shell ovately turreted, somewhat cylindrical, olive, promiscuously sprinkled with black, whorls few, convex, upper ribs noduled, sutures flatly impressed ; aperture ovate, rather small, columella thin, but little reflected. Hab. Pernambuco. A very characteristic species partaking of the local ty- pical characters of MZ. ¢ransversa from the same habitat. 2 330 Melania PL_XLV. ME LA Ne A: Puate XLV. Species 236. (Mus. Cuming.) MeELantia CATENARIA. Mel. testa oblique ovata, fulvo- olivaced, nigro-viridi obscure fasciatd, anfractibus pau- cis, superné declivibus, longitudinaliter plicatis, liris linearibus distantibus funiculatis ; apertura ovata, co- lumella arcuato-reflexd. THE LINKED Mexanta. Shell obliquely ovate, fulvous- olive, obscurely banded with dark-green, whorls few, sloping at the upper part, longitudinally plicated, corded with distant linear ridges ; aperture ovate, co- lumella arcuately reflected. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. i. p. 379. Hab. South Carolina. Allied to M. Boykiniana, and still more closely allied to M. Hallenbecki. Species 327. (Mus. Cuming.) Meuania BictncTa. Mel. testd conico-turritd, olivaced, nitente, anfractibus septem, superne declivi-concavis, de- inde conspicue bicarinatis, carinis in anfractu ultimo evanidis ; apertura ovata, subeffusd. Tue Two-errt Meranra. Shell conically turreted, olive, shining, whorls seven, slopingly concave round the upper part, then conspicuously two-keeled, the keels disappearing on the last whorl; aperture ovate, a little effused. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 56. Distinguished by a rather more than usually sloping concavity round the upper part of the whorls. Species 328. (Mus. Cuming.) MBLANIA SYMMBTRICA. olivaced, anfractibus decem, superné declivibus, primis Mel. testa conico-turritd, fulvo- paucis unicarinatis, ceteris obscure triliratis ; apertura ovati, columella rubicundd, ad basin reflexo-effusd. THE syMMETRICAL Metanta. Shell conically turreted, fulvous-olive, whorls ten, sloping round the upper part, the first few keeled, the rest faintly three-ridged ; aperture ovate, columella ruddy, reflectedly effused at the base. Haupeman, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. United States. The lower whorls of this species present indications of three faint ridges in place of the keel, and the columella has a purplish-ruddy hue. Species 329. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta Troosttana. Mel. testd conico-turritd, tenui- culd, sordide olivaced, anfractibus octo ad novem, ro- tundatis, primis paucis unicarinatis, ceteris liris tenui- bus undique spiraliter funiculatis ; apertura ovata, ad basin appresse effusd, labro crenulato. Troost’s Mpianta. Shell conically turreted, rather thin, dull-olive, whorls eight to nine, rounded, the first few keeled, the rest spirally corded throughout with fine ridges ; aperture ovate, appressly effused at the base, lip crenulated. Lua, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. vi. pl. 23. f. 86. Hab. United States. Chiefly distinguished by its encircling sculpture of fine thread-like ridges. Species 330. (Mus. Cuming.) Motanta Dusuaynsit. Mel. testd ovato-turritd, olivaced, anfractibus octo ad novem, convexis, superne transver- sim liratis, longitudinaliter concentrice plicatis, liris plicisque gradatim evanidis ; apertura ovatd, parum effusa. Desuayes’s Mexanta. Shell ovately turreted, olive, whorls eight to nine, convex, transversely ridged round the upper part, longitudinally concentrically plicated, ridges and plaits gradually fading ; aperture ovate, but little effused. Lea, MS. in Mus. Cuming. i Hab. -—? Of this specimen, received with the above name from Mr. Lea, Mr. Cuming has no habitat; it is probably a United States shell, but it partakes a little of the Guiana type of the genus. Species 331. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA ELATA. Mel. testd conico-subulatd, olivaced, anfractibus septem ad novem, levibus, ad suturas sub- contractis ; apertura avatd, utrinque subattenuata. September, 1860. MELANIA.—Puats XLV. THE RAIsED MeELania. Shell conically subulate, olive, whorls seven to nine, smooth, rather contracted at the sutures; aperture ovate, a little attenuated at each end. Antuony, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. United States. Another species of very simple character, received by Mr. Cuming from Mr. Anthony with the above name in manuscript. Species 332. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta Hatuensecnit. Mel. testa ovato-turrita, ful- vo-olivaced, viridi-nigricante trifasciatd, anfractibus sex ad septem, supernée subacute declivibus, concentricé tenuiplicatis, plicis ad angulum nodosis ; apertura ova- td, ad basin effuso-producta. HALLENBECK’s Meuanta. Shell ovately turreted, ful- vous-olive, encircled with three greenish-black bands, whorls six to seven, rather sharply sloping round the upper part, concentrically finely plicated, plaits no- duled on the angle ; aperture ovate, effusely produced at the base. Lea, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. United States. A rather striking species, with the whorls sloping round the upper part, and plaited on the slope, the plaits being noduled upon the angle at the end. {/ Species 333, (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA CARINO-cosTATA. Mel. testd ovatd, abbreviato- turritd, olivaced, anfractibus paucis, declivi-convewis, inferne carinatis, supra carinam longitudinaliter con- centrice carino-costatis ; apertura ovatd, ad basin ap- presse effusd. THE KEEL-RIBBED MeLantia. Shell ovate, shortly tur- reted, olive, whorls few, slopingly convex, keeled round the lower part, longitudinally concentrically keel-ribbed above the keel; aperture ovate, appressly effused at the base. Lua, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. x. p. 62. pl. 9. f. 40. Hab. Alabama, United States. The peculiarity of this species consists in the whorls be- ing longitudinally finely ribbed in concentric order, the ribs not extending to the suture, but terminating suddenly upon a transverse keel. Species 334. (Mus. Cuming.) Mevania Fioripensts. Mel. testd subpyramidali-tur- rita, nigricante-olivaced, anfractibus septem ad novem, late declivibus, deinde subangulatis, longitudinaliter indistincte plicatis, liris tenuibus nodulatis undique fu- niculatis ; apertura ovata, parviusculd, ad basin sub- effusa. Tur Froripa Meranta. Shell somewhat pyramidally turreted, blackish-olive, whorls seven to nine, broadly sloping, then slightly angled, longitudinally indis- tinctly plaited, corded throughout with fine noduled ridges; aperture ovate, a little effused at the base. Hab. Florida. Sculptured throughout with fine corded ridges, which are noduled on crossing the rather obscure longitudinal plaits. Species 335. (Mus. Cuming.) Metanta Ocozgnsis. Mel. testd cylindraceo-subulatd, plerumgque decollatd, solidiusculd, olivaced, anfractibus convexis, levibus, superne rudé marginatis ; apertura ovatd, parviusculd. Tue Ocore Merania. Shell cylindrically subulate, ge- nerally decollated, rather solid, olive, whorls convex, smooth, rudely margined round the upper part ; aper- ture ovate, rather small. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. viii. pl. 5. f. 18. Hab. Ocoee, Tennessee, United States. A smooth, solid shell, somewhat rudely margined next the suture. \ rn 7 By 340. Melartal?l, ALI. BIE 33S MELANIA. Pirate XLVI. Species 336. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA PULCHERRIMA. Mel. testd acuminato-turritd, Jlavescente-olivaced, fusco angusté trifasciatd, anfrac- tibus septem ad octo, superné declivi-convexis, deinde acute carinatis, carind gradatim evanidd ; apertura ovata, labro columellari subeffuso. THE BEAUTIFUL MeLanta. Shell acuminately turreted, yellowish-olive, narrowly three-banded with brown, whorls seven to right, slopingly convex round the upper part, then sharply keeled, keel gradually dis- appearing ; aperture ovate, columellar lip slightly effused. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 58. Hab. North Carolina, United States. The centre band appears on the keel; the lower band is almost lost inthe suture. In the last whorl a fourth band is seen. Species 337. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA CASTANEA. basin tumidiusculd, olivaceo-castaned, ad suturas pal- lidd, anfractibus septem ad octo, declivi-planatis, levibus ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, ad basin effusd. THe cuestNur Mexania. Shell sharply subulate, "rather swollen towards the base, olive-chestnut, pale at the sutures, whorls seven to eight, slopingly flat- tened, smooth; aperture oblong-ovate, effused at the base. Lea, Trans, Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. viii. pl. 5. f. 2. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Mel. testa acute subulatd, versus A smooth olive-chestnut shell, pale at the sutures, with the spire more than usually acuminately subulate. Species 338. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA aDusta. Mel. testa acute conicd, levigatd, nitente, adusio-olivaced, ad suturas pallidd, anfrac- | tibus septem ad octo, declivi-planatis, ultimo subgib- boso, suturis distinctis ; apertura ovata, parum effusd, intus purpurascente, columella subincurva. THE BURNED Metanta. Shell sharply conical, smooth, shining, dusky-olive, pale at the sutures, whorls seven to eight, slopingly flattened, last whorl some- what gibbous, sutures distinct; aperture ovate, but » little effused, purplish within, columella rather in- curved. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 55. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A more solid, less subulate shell than the preceding species, with the aperture shorter and columella more incurved. Species 339. (Mus, Cuming.) MELANIA SUBLIRATA. Mel. testd obeso-conicd, flavescente- olivaced, fusco remote bifasciatd, anfractibus quinque ad sex, longitudinaliter plicatis, superné gemmatis, inferne carinatis, ultimo quadrifasciato ; apertura ovata, ad basin attenuato-effusd. SLIGHTLY-RIDGED MBLANIA. Shell stoutly conical, yellowish-olive, distantly two-banded with brown, whorls five to six, longitudinally plicated, beaded round the upper part, keeled round the lower, last whorl four-banded ; aperture ovate, alternately effused at the base. Conrab, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. United States. THE A very characteristic globosely conical shell, longitudi- nally radiately plicated, and encircled with four distant brown bands, only two of which appear above the suture. Species 340, (Mus. Cuming.) Mezanra spurca. Mel. testd ovato-conicd, sordidé oli- vaced, ad suturas pallida, anfractibus sex, levibus, tumidiusculis ; apertura ovata, via effusd, Tue pirty Menanta. Shell ovately conical, dull-olive, pale at the sutures, whorls six, smooth, rather swollen; aperture ovate, scarcely effused. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. x. pl. 9. f. 31. Hab. Alabama. A well-defined species, but of rather simple character. Species 341. (Mus. Cuming.) Mevanta aspsecta. Mel. testa turriculatd, olivaced, tenuiculd, anfractibus numerosis, subangustis, spira- liter subsulcatis, ad suturas impressis ; apertura par- viusculd, subrotundata, ad marginem effusd. Tue cast-orrF Menanta. Shell turriculated, olive, November, 1860. MELANIA.—Puarte XLVI. rather thin, whorls numerous, rather narrow, spirally faintly grooved, impressed at the sutures; aperture rather small, somewhat rounded, effused at the margin. Harpeman, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Fab. > A somewhat slender turriculated shell, rather constricted at the sutures. Species 342. (Mus. Cuming.) Mexania proscissa. Mel. testd globoso-ovatd, intense olivaced, spird brevi, anfractibus paucis, rotundatis, tricarinatis, carinis distantibus, interstitiis concavo- excavatis ; apertura ovata, subampla. Tue pLougHep Mexanta. Shell globosely ovate, dark- olive, spire short, whorls few, rounded, three-keeled, keels distant, interstices concavely excavated ; aper- ture ovate, rather large. Antony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 109. pl. 3. f. 9. Hab. Alabama, United States. Well distinguished by its broadly ovate form and widely spread bold keeling. Species 343. (Mus. Cuming.) Menanra compacta. Mel. testd obtuse conied, subcylin- draced, flavescente, fusco conspicue bifasciatd, an- fractibus quinque, plano-convexis, levibus ; apertura parvd, ad basin subattenuato-effusd. Tue compact Mrania. Shell obtusely conical, some- what cylindrical, yellowish, encircled with two con- spicuous brown bands, whorls five, flatly convex, smooth ; aperture small, somewhat attenuately ef- fused at the base. Antuony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 122. pl. 3. f. 22. Hab. Alabama. A compactly convoluted shell, approaching the Ancu- lotus form of the group. Species 344. (Mus. Cuming.) Mexania BREVIS. Mel. testé cylindraceo-oblongd, cras- siusculd, pallidé castaned, spirdi obtusd, anfractibus paucis, plano-convewis, transversim rude liratis ; aper- turd subangusté ovatd, superné subsinuatd, inferne ef- Susi. Tue snort Menania. Shell cylindrically oblong, rather thick, pale-chestnut, spire obtuse, whorls few, flatly convex, transversely rudely ridged; aperture rather narrowly ovate, a little sinuated at the upper part, effused at the lower. Lea, MS, in Mus, Cuming. Hab. ? Of somewhat the form of the preceding species, but distinguished by a roughly ridged surface and more ob- long aperture. Species 345. (Mus. Cuming.) Meuania curta, Mel. testdé abbreviato-pyramidali, plus minus conspicue decollatd, flavescente-castaned, ad su- turas fascia fuscd unica cingulatd, anfractibus angustis, convexo-planatis ; apertura minutd, contractd, colu- mellé reflexd, angulato-effusa. THe BROKEN Mevanta. Shell shortly pyramidal, more or less conspicuously decollated, yellowish-chestnut, encircled at the sutures with a single brown band, whorls narrow, convexly flattened; aperture very small, contracted, columella reflected, angularly ef- fused. Hatpeman, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. P A very characteristic form of Melania, in which the whorls are unusually narrow, and the aperture corre- spondingly small and angularly contracted. Melaria Pt. IVT. MELANIA. Puate XLVII. Species 346. (Mus. Cuming.) Mel. testé subfusiformi-ovata, virescente-olivaced, levigatd, anfractibus quinque ad MELANIA ELEGANTULA. sex, superne tumidis, obtuse angulatis, deinde convexo- planatis ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, ad basin effuso-pro- ducta. THE ELUGANT MeLANIA. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, greenish-olive, smooth, whorls five to six, swollen round the upper part, obtusely angled, then convexly flattened; aperture oblong-ovate, effusely produced at the base. Antnony, Ann. Lye, Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 103. pl. 3. f. 2. Hab, Kentucky, United States. Chiefly distinguished by an obtusely angled shoulder round the upper part of the whorls. Species 347. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA RHOMBICA. gibboso-carinatd, livido-olivaced, ad suturas pallida, Mel. testé acute conicd, medio anfractibus quinque ad sex, versus apicem quadricari- | natis, carinis cito evanidis; apertura ovatd, ad basin effusi. Tue rHomBIC Mpranta. Shell sharply conical, gib- bously keeled round the middle, livid-olive, pale at the sutures, whorls five to six, encircled towards the apex with four keels, which soon disappear ; aperture ovate, effused at the base. Antony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 116. pl. 3. f. 16. Hab. Alabama, United States. In this very characteristic species the keel which en- compasses the swollen periphery of the whorls remains, while the rest quickly disappear. Species 348. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA NUCLEOLA. el. testa obeso-ovatd, flavescente- olivaced, fusco bifasciatd, anfractibus perpaucis, lavi- bus, superne obtuse tumidis ; aperturd rotundato-ovatd, parum obtust. THE LITTLE KERNEL Metanta, Shell stoutly ovate, yellowish-olive, encircled with two brown bands, whorls very few, smooth, obtusely swollen round the upper part; aperture rotundately ovate, but little effused. Antuony, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab, United States. A compactly convoluted round-shouldered shell, com- posed of only three to four whorls. Fig. 349. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured proves to be an eroded immature specimen of MZ, impressa, given at Pl. XLIII. Sp. 316. Species 350. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA EBENUM. Mel. testd ovatd, nigricante-castaned, anfractibus quatuor, levibus vel obscure striatis, su- pernée declivibus, deinde rotundatis ; apertura ovata, parviusculd, ad basin subeffusd, fauce fuscescente. Tue EBONY Metania. Shell ovate, whorls four, smooth or obscurely striated, sloping round the upper part, then rounded; aperture ovate, rather small, a little effused at the base, brownish within, Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. viii. pl. 5. f. 7. Hab. Tennessee, United States. dark-chestnut, A dark chestnut-stained shell, of very simple character, composed of only four whorls. Species 351. (Mus. Cuming.) Meanta 1ostoma. Mel. testd obeso-conicd, violaceo-ni- gricante, ad suturas adustis, anfractibus sex, levibus, longitudinaliter densé undato-striatis, ultimo obtuse angulato ; apertura oblongo-ovata, ad labrum sinuatd, ad basin effusd, fauce intense violaceo-fuscd. THe vioLEt-MouTH Mbp.antia. violet-black, adust at the sutures, whorls six, smooth, longitudinally densely wave-striated, last whorl ob- tusely angled; aperture oblong-ovate, sinuated at the Shell stoutly conical, lip, effused at the base, interior dark violet-brown. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 62. Hab. Tennessee, United States. An excellent species, distinguished by its conspicuously developed strive of growth and uniform violet black-brown | colouring. November, 1860. MELANIA.—Ptate XLVII. Species 352. (Mus. Cuming.) MeELANIA AMBUsTA. Mel. testd ovatd, subinflatd, livido- olivaced, interdum obscure fasciatd, anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexis, longitudinaliter dense tenuistriatis ; aperturd ovatd, fauce purpureo-fusca. THE scorcHED Mpanta. Shell ovate, slightly inflated, livid-olive, sometimes obscurely banded, whorls five to six, convex, longitudinally densely finely striated ; aperture ovate, purple-brown within. Anrnony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 94. pl. 2. f. 13. Hab, Alabama, United States. A smooth ovate shell, of regular growth, stained with purple-brown in the interior. Species 353. (Mus. Cuming.) MeLANIA WaARDERIANA. Mel. testd subulato-conicd, sor- didé olivaced, spira elevatiuseuld, anfractibus septem aut pluribus, primis paucis inferné carinatis, carina cits evanidd; apertura ovata, parviusculd, ad basin paululum effusd. Warper’s Mpnanta. Shell subulately conical, dull-olive, spire rather raised, whorls seven or more, the first few keeled at the lower part, keels soon disappear- ing; aperture ovate, rather small, a little effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. viii. pl. 6. f. 47. Hab. Virginia, United States. A shell of uniform dark-olive colouring, without sculp- ture, distinguished by a rather elevately subulate spire. Species 354. (Mus. Cuming.) Mewania pERFUSCA. Wel. testdé ovato-turritd, olivaceo- fuscd, anfractibus declivi-convexis, dense oblique longi- tudinaliter striatis ; apertura parviusculd, rotundato- ovata, vin effusd. THE DARK-BROWN Metanra. Shell ovately turreted, olive-brown, whorls slopingly convex, densely ob- liquely longitudinally striated ; aperture rather small, rotundately ovate, scarcely effused. Lea, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Fab. ? The chief characteristic of this species is, perhaps, its close-set longitudinal strize, which pass somewhat oblique- ly over the whorls. Species 355. (Mus. Cuming.) Meanta pineutis. Mel. testd ovato-conicd, subobeso-in- plata, virescente-olivaced, anfractibus quinque, superne declivibus, densé oblique longitudinaliter striatis ; apertura rotundato-ovatd, columella calloso-incurvd. Tue pruMe Mevania. Shell ovately conical, rather stoutly inflated, greenish-olive, whorls five, sloping round the upper part, densely obliquely longitudinally striated; aperture rotundately ovate, columella cal- lously incurved. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. x. pl. 30. f. 11. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A greenish-olive tumidly conical shell, finely longitudi- nally striated throughout in a somewhat oblique direction. — Melania Ll. SLIM. Vancent Brooks,Imp MELANIA. PuatE XLVIII. Species 356. (Mus. Cuming.) Meuania Crarker. Mel. testd subacute subulatd, oli- vaced, anfractibus undecim ad duodecim, primis paucis spiraliter liratis, suturis undique canaliculatis ; aper- turd parviusculd, oblonga, ad basin paululum effusd. Ciarke’s Meanta. Shell rather sharply subulate, olive, whorls eleven to twelve, the first few spirally ridged, sutures throughout channelled ; aperture rather small, oblong, a little effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. x. pl. 30. f. 4. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A narrow subulate shell, of which the earlier whorls are spirally ridged and even slightly keeled, whilst the sutures are excavately channelled throughout. Species 357. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA LARVEFORMIS. Mel. testd conico-ovatd, oli- vaced, anfractibus sex ad septem, levibus, primis per- paucis minute carinatis ; aperturd ovatda. THE LARVA-SHAPED MELANIA. Shell conically ovate, olive, whorls six to seven, smooth, the first few minutely keeled ; aperture ovate. Lea, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. United States. Of few whorls, convex and smooth, but yet minutely keeled near the apex. Species 358. (Mus. Cuming.) MeLanta CuBantana. Jel. testd conico-ovatd, solidius- culd, flavescente-olivaced, anfractibus sex ad septem, declivi-convewis, levibus; apertura ovata, ad basin paululum effusd. Tue Cusa Mezanta. Shell conically ovate, rather solid, yellowish-olive, whorls six to seven, slopingly convex, smooth ; aperture ovate, a little effused at the base. D’Orsieny, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Cuba. Of a paler yellowish hue, more slopingly convex in form, without any indication of the early keeled growth so characteristic of the United States species. Species 359. (Mus. Cuming.) Meranta ancusta. Mel. testd acuminatd, livido-olivaced, ad suturas flavescente, anfractibus novem ad decem, levibus, primis paucis declivi-planatis et carinatis ; apertura parviusculd, rotundato-ovatd, fauce pallide violaceo-purpurascente, subcallosa. THE Narrow Meuanta. Shell acuminated, livid-olive, yellowish at the sutures, whorls nine to ten, smooth, the first few slopingly flattened and keeled; aperture rather small, rotundately ovate, interior pale violet- purple, rather callous. Antuony, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. United States. This species, although it has the early keeled growth, partakes in maturer age of the character of the Pachychei- dus form of the genus. Species 360. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA COSTULATA. virescente, tenuiculd, anfractibus septem, longitudina- Mel. testa subcylindraceo-oblonga, liter arcuatim plicato-costatis, primis perpaucis cari- natis, deinde cancellatis, exinde levigatis ; apertura ovata, ad basin paululum effusd. THE FINELY-RIBBED MeLanta. Shell somewhat cylin- drically oblong, pale-green, rather thin, whorls seven, longitudinally arcuately plicately ribbed, the first few whorls keeled, then cancellated, afterwards smooth ; aperture ovate, a little effused at the base. Lua, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. viii. p. 19. pl. 6. f. 39, Hab. Tennessee, United States. Longitudinally the whorls of this species are plicately ribbed throughout in an arched concentric manner; traus- versely they are first keeled, then cancellated, and lastly smooth. Species 361. (Mus. Cuming.) Mevania Kirtianpiana. Mel. testd obtuse subulatd, olivaced, anfractibus septem ad octo, longitudinaliter undique plicato-striatis, primis perpaucis carinatis ; apertura ovatd, ad basin paululum effusd. KirtLaNnb’s MELANIA. Shell obtusely subulate, olive, whorls seven to eight, longitudinally plicately stri- December, 1860. MELANIA.—Ptate XLVIII. ated throughout, the first few keeled ; aperture ovate, a little effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. viii. pl. 5. f. 4. Hat. Ohio, United States. Of simple character, rather closely plicately striated throughout. Species 362. (Mus. Cuming.) This shell is the I. nigrita, Poey, from Cuba, and the sae species as that named by me, in error, M. Scarabus, at Pl. XIV. Sp. 90. Species 363. (Mus. Cuming.) Mexanra ExILis. Mel. testa acuminato-ovatd, flavescente, fusco-purpureo intens? latifasciatd, anfractibus sea ad septem, convewis, levibus, primis perpaucis supra su- turas subtilissimé carinatis; apertura ovatd, labro columellari tenue reflexo. THe sLeNDER Meptania. Shell acuminately ovate, yel- lowish, broadly banded with dark fuscous purple. whorls six to seven, convex, smooth, the first few very finely keeled above the sntures; aperture ovate, columellar lip thinly reflected. Hatpeman, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. > A delicate conspicuously banded shell, with very much the aspect of a Bulimus. | THE TRIPARTITE MELANIA. Species 364. (Mus. Cuming.) MeLanta TriparTITA. Mel. testa acuminata, olivaced, anfractibus octo ad novem, subrotundatis, spiraliter re- mote liratis, primis paucis validé carinatis, deinde lon- gitudinaliter plicato-costatis, exinde levibus ; aperturd pared, semilunari. Shell acuminated, olive, whorls eight to nine, somewhat rounded, spirally dis- tantly ridged, the first few strongly keeled, then lon- gitudinally plicately ribbed, afterwards smooth ; aper- ture small, semilunar. Hab. ? This is, without doubt, a United States species, but I know of none with which it can be satisfactorily identified. ‘Species 365. (Mus. Cuming.) Mexania Sarrorpit. Mel. testé conicd, subobesd, vi- rente-olivaced, anfractibus sex ad septem, levibus, ul- timo multo majore ; apertura subampla, ovaté. SarrorD’s Metania. Shell conical, rather stout, green- ish-olive, whorls six to seven, smooth, last whorl much the larger; aperture rather large, ovate. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. x. p. 56. pl. 30. f. 10. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A smooth, conical species, rather stoutly inflated in the last whorl, and of a bright greenish-olive colour. MELANIA. Pirate XLIX. Species 366. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA COROLLA. pallidé olivaced, anfractibus quinque ad sex, superne Mel. testé ovata, tenui, pellucida, late angulatis, ad angulum spinosis; aperturd sub- quadrato-ovata. THE cornoLtta MELANTA. pale olive, whorls five to six, broadly angled round Shell ovate, thin, transparent, the upper part, spined at the angle; aperture some- what squarely ovate. GouLp, Pro. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, U.S., vol. ii. p. 223. Hab. A minute semitransparent broadly angled shell, finely spined at the angle. P) Species 367. (Mus. Cuming.) MeLania NIGRINA. Mel. testa subulato-conicd, ustulato- nigra, nitente, anfraclibus paucis, levibus, rotundatis ; apertura parva, semilunari, purpureo-nigra. THe piNGY Menanta. Shell subulately conical, burnt- black, whorls few, smooth, rounded ; aper- ture small, semilunar, purple-black. Lea, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Shasta, California. shining, A small shining purple-black shell of few whorls. Species 368. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA SEMICARINATA. Mel. testd subulato-conicd, olivaced, anfractibus septem ad octo, rotundatis, longi- tudinaliter plicato-striatis, primis perpaucis tenué cari- natis ; apertura rotundato-ovatd. THE HALF-KEBLED Merxanra. Shell subulately conical, olive, whorls seven to eight, rounded, longitudinally plicately striated, first few finely keeled; aperture rotundately ovate. Say, Amer. Conch., pl. 47. f. 4. Hab. United States. A small shell of very simple character. Species 369. (Mus. Cuming.) Meania GraciLis. Mel. testa cylindraceo-acuminata, solidiuseuld, livido-olivaced, ad suturas lutescente, an- fractibus septem, plano-declivibus ; apertura parvius- culd, subcallosé, violaceo-purpured. THE GRACEFUL Metanta. Shell cylindrically acumi- nated, rather solid, livid-olive, yellowish at the su- tures, whorls seven, flatly sloping; aperture rather small, rather callous, violet-purple. Lua, Trans. Amer. Soc., vol. viii. pl. 5. f. 11. Hab. Tennessee, United States. The peculiar colouring of this species is like that of AV. angusta, but the shell is composed of fewer whorls and is of a more compactly sloping cylindrical form. Species 370. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA TORULOSA. turritd, olivaced, anfractibus septem ad octo, superné Mel. testa ovata, spird acuminato- concavis, deinde validissimeé carinatis ; apertura ovata, fauce purpurascente. THE CORDED MELANIA. turreted, olive, whorls seven to eight, concave round the upper part, then very strongly keeled ; aperture ovate, purplish in the interior. Antuony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1854, p. 110. pl. 3. f. 10. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Shell ovate, spire acuminately The keel of this species, though fading on the last whorl, is developed with remarkable force upwards to the apex. Species 371. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA INTENSA. nigra, anfractibus decem, plano-convevis, supra suturas Mel. testé acuminata, purpureo- unicarinatis, ultimo ad basin subangulatis et liratis ; apertura parviusculd, purpureo-nigra. Tue park Mexanta. Shell acuminated, purple-black, whorls ten, flatly convex, encircled with a keel above the sutures, last whorl slightly angled and ridged at the base; aperture rather small, purple-black. Antuony, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. United States. A very characteristic purple-black shell, encircled by a keel so near to the suture as to give them an appearance of being more than usually excavated. December, 1860. MELANIA.—Ptiate XLIX. Species 372. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA FUNEBRALIS. Mel. testa@ obeso-conicd, atra, anfractibus sex ad septem, primis perpaucis longitudi- naliter subplicatis ; apertura ovata, fauce ceruled. THE MOURNING Metania. Shell stoutly conical, deep black, whorls six to seven, the first few faintly lon- gitudinally plicated ; aperture ovate, interior bluish. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 56. Hab. Tennessee, United States. An intensely black shell, with the last whorl rather stoutly inflated. Species 373. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA DEpyGIs. Mel. testd conico-ovald, flavescente- olivaced, purpureo-fusco remote fasciatd, anfractibus septem, levibus, convexis, ad apicem minute carinatis ; apertura ovatd. Tue stout Metanta. Shell conically ovate, yellowish- olive, distantly banded with purple-brown, whorls seven, smooth, convex, minutely keeled at the apex ; aperture ovate. Say, Amer. Conch., pl. 8. f. 4, 5. Hab. United States. A simple species, with only a very faint indication of keel sculpture at the apex. Species 374. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA CREBRICOSTATA. fulvo-olivaced, anfractibus septem ad octo, longitudi- naliter confertim plicato-costatis, prope suturas lineari- Mel. testa ovato-turritd, impressis ; apertura ovata. THE CLOSE-RIBBED Me ania. Shell ovately turreted, fulvous-olive, whorls seven to eight, longitudinally closely plicately ribbed, linearly impressed next the sutures ; aperture ovate. Lra, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. United Staies. A well-defined species, in which the ribs are unusually close-set and are notched round the upper part by a spiral impressed line. > tf Species 375. (Mus. Cuming.) MetaniaA NICKLINIANA. obeso-inflatd, olivaced, anfractibus quinque, convewis, levibus ; apertura ovata, subampld, fauce purpuras- cente. Nickirty’s Menanta. Shell shortly conical, stoutly in- flated, olive, whorls five, convex, smooth; aperture Mel. testa abbreviato-conicd, ovate, rather large, purplish within. Lua, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. viii. pl. 5. f, 18. Hab. Bath County, United States. A dark green stoutly inflated shell of very few whorls, tinged about the columella with flesh-purple. 377 380 Sowerby del et lith 376 Melania Pl. L. 378 387 384 Vincent Broaks Imp MELANTIA. Piate L. Species 376. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIAINTERSITA. Mel. testd ovato-conoided, livescente- olivaced, ad suturas pallidd, anfractibus quinque, con- vexo-declivibus, levigatis, anfractu ultimo medio obso- leté carinato ; aperturd ovatd, columella tenud reflewd. THE INTERVENING Mevanta. Shell ovately conoid, livid- olive, pale at the sutures, whorls five, convexly slo- ping, smooth, last whorl obsoletely keeled in the mid- dle ; aperture ovate, columella thinly reflected. Hatpemay, MS. in Mus. Anthony. Hab. Indiana, United States. A smooth conoid livid-olive shell, obsoletely keeled round the last whorl, with the faintest possible indication of keels on the second and third whorls. Species 377. (Mus. Anthony.) Metanta Torta. Mel. testd subulatd, ad basin ventricosd, fulvescente-olivaced, spird acuminata, anfractibus octo ad novem,primis paucis tenue gemmato-carinatis, cete- ris levibus ; apertura ovata, mediocri, columellé tenue reflerd, carneo-tinctd. THE TWIsTED MELANIA. Shell subulate, ventricose at the base, fulvous-olive, spire acuminated, whorls eight to nine, the first few finely gemmately keeled, the rest » smooth; aperture ovate, moderate, columella thickly reflected, flesh-tinged. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. x. pl. 9. f. 30. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A sharply acuminated shell, peculiarly rotundately ventricose at the base, encircled towards the apex with fine gemmate keels. Species 378. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA curviLABRIS. Mel. testd ovato-turrild, sub- obesi, pallidé olivaced, anfractibus sea, superne rudé tumidis, medio concaviusculis, undique concentrice arcu- ato-striatis ; apertura subquadrato-ovatd, columella ea- curvato-incurvd, brevi, labro medio conspicue sinuato. Tue curvep-Lip Metania. Shell ovately turreted, rather stout, pale-olive, whorls six, rudely swollen round the upper part, rather concave in the mid- dle, concentrically arcuately striated throughout ; aperture somewhat squarely ovate, columella exea- | | vately incurved, short, lip conspicuously sinuated in the middle. AntHony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p.102. pl. 3. f. 1 a, 4. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A rather solid, shortly turreted shell, in which the lines of growth appear throughout in the form of concentric arched striz ; the lip at the margin of the aperture follow- ing the same direction. Species 379. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA CINNAMOMEA. Jel. testé ovato-conoided, cin- namomeo-fuscd, zond angusté castaned ad suturas, anfractibus sex ad septem, declivi-ventricosis, longitu- dinaliter corrugato-striatis, anfractu ultimo irregu- lariter transversim rugato ; aperturd ovata, ad basin effusa. THE cinnamon Metanta. Shell ovately conoid, cin- namon-brown, with a narrow chestnut zone at the sutures, whorls six to seven, slopingly ventricose, longitudinally wrinkle-striated, last whorl irregu- larly transversely wrinkled ; aperture ovate, effused at the base. AntHony, MS. Hab. Alabama, United States. An obese cinnamon-coloured shell, encircled by a nar- row chestnut band at the sutures. The surface is sculp- tured with longitudinal close-set striae and transverse in- terrupted keel-like wrinkles. Species 380. (Mus. Anthony.) Meuania pisLocata. Mel. testd ovato-turritd, flaves- cente, anfractibus convexis, longitudinaliter plicato- costatis, costis versus basin obsoletis ; aperturd ovatd, parviusculd, ad basin via effusd. THE DIsPLAcED MeLania. Shell ovately turreted, yel- Jowish, whorls convex, longitudinally plicately ribbed, ribs obsolete towards the base; aperture ovate, ra- ther small, a little effused at the base. RaveneL, MS. in Mus. Anthony. Hab. Dan River, North Carolina, United States. The shell here figured is Ravenel’s original type of this species, from the collection of Mr. Anthony. It is of a March, 1861. MELANIA.—Piate L. pale-yellowish colour, with the whorls longitudinally pli- cately ribbed. Species 881. (Mus. Anthony.) Mexanra casta. Mel. testd subpyramidali-ovatd, pallide olivaced vel stramined, unfractibus plano-declivibus, ultimo infra medium carinis cingulato ; aperturd ob- longo-ovatd, ad basin subanguste effusd. Tur cuasts Meiania. Shell somewhat pyramidally ovate, pale-olive or straw-colour, whorls flatly sloping, last whorl encircled with keels below the middle ; aperture oblong-ovate, rather narrowly effused at the base. Antuony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 100. pl. 2. f. 10. Hab. Alabama, United States. Of a rather narrow pyramidally-conoid growth, with the whorls flatly sloping and smooth above the middle, but encircled with equidistant keels below it. Species 382. (Mus. Anthony.) Menanra pLANoGyra. Mel. testd pyramidali-turrité, fSulvo-olivaced, fascid castaned angustd prope suturas cingulatd, anfractibus octo ad novem, levigatis, con- cavis, deinde carinatis ; apertura trapezoided, brevi, labro sinuato, columella contorto-reflexd. THe FLATLY-cortpp Me tanta. Shell pyramidally tur- reted, fulvous-olive, encircled near the sutures with a narrow chestnut band, whorls eight to nine, smooth, concave, then keeled; aperture trapezoid, short, lip sinuated, columella twistedly reflected. Antuony, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 111. plagets 1: Hab, Alabama, United States. A fine strongly turreted shell, with the whorls concavely excavated in the middle, then keeled. fulvous olive-colour, encircled just above the keel with a faint narrow chestnut band. Species 383. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA GERMANA. Mel. testd obeso-conoided, subventri- cosd, livido-olivaced, intus purpurascente, anfractibus quingue, longitudinaliter corrugato-striatis, levibus ; aperturd ovatd, subampla, ad basin parum effusa. THE ALLIED Mutanta. Shell stoutly conoid, somewhat It is of a delicate | ventricose, livid-olive, purplish within, whorls five, longitudinally wrinkle-striated, smooth; aperture ovate, rather large, but little effused at the base. Antnony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 61. Hab. Catawba River, Alabama, United States. A short swollen shell, the last whorl being much larger in proportion to the others than usual. Externally it is of a dark ‘livid-olive; internally the aperture is stained with a characteristic purple-red. Species 384. (Mus. Anthony.) Meanta opaca. Mel. testd ovato-conoided, subventricosd, ustulato-olivaced, ad suturas pallida, ad basin viridi, anfractibus quinque, declivi-convexis, ultimo ad peri- pheriam obtuse angulato ; apertura ovata, subamplé, columella conspicueé livido-purpured, tenue reflexd. Tur opaque Mrzanta. Shell ovately conoid, somewhat ventricose, burnt-olive, pale at the sutures, green at the base, whorls five, slopingly convex, last whorl ob- tusely angled at the periphery; aperture ovate, rather large, columella conspicuously livid-purple, thinly reflected. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci, Philadelphia, 1860, p. 58. Hab. Alabama, United States. The colour of this species is very characteristic. The whorls are burnt-brown above, pale at the sutures, and they are green below, whilst the columella is richly stained with livid-purple. Species 385. (Mus. Anthony.) Meranta pExcavata. Mel. testa obeso-turritd, fusco- olivaced, anfractibus rudé excavatis, deinde tumido- carinatis ; apertura parviusculd, columella calloséa, livido-purpureo tincta. Tur ExcAVATED MeELANIA. Shell stoutly turreted, fus- cous-olive, whorls rudely excavated, then tumidly keeled; aperture rather smalJ, columella callous, stained with livid-purple. AntHony, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 99. pl. 2.8. 18: Hab. Alabama, United States. The columella of this species is stained with deep livid- purple, like the preceding, but the shell is thick and closely turreted, with the whorls rudely excavated. : I a > : = ‘ 1 ; . == ; : rae Melania Pl. [1 386 / 394 Vincent Brooks imp MELANIA. Puate LI. Species 386. (Mus. Anthony.) Mel. testa fusiformi-conoided, fus- cescente, anfractibus sex, primis perpaucis carinatis, ceteris declivi-convexis, levibus, malleatis, deinde acu- tangulis ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, ad basin prolongatd et dilatato-effusd, columelld tenué reflerd. THE ANGLED Mexanta. Shell fusiformly conoid, brown- ish, whorls six, the first few keeled, the rest slopingly convex, smooth, malleated, then sharply angled; aper- ture oblong-ovate, prolonged and dilately effused at the base, columella thinly reflected. Antuony, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 117. pleat. Li. Hab. Tennessee, United States. MELANIA ANGUIATA. This little sharply angled species has very much the appearance of a shell in an immature stage of growth. The base is rather prolonged and effused. Species 387. (Mus. Anthony.) MeELANrIA ForMosA. Mel. testa turritd, fulvescente, fasciis duabus angustis elevatis rufo-fuscis cingulatd, anfracti- bus sex, convexis, longitudinaliter plicato-costatis, cos- tis distantibus, anfractu ultimo ad basin spiraliter lirato ; aperturé ovata, parviusculd. THE BEAUTIFUL Mexanta, Shell turreted, fulvous, en- circled with two narrow raised red-brown bands, whorls six, convex, longitudinally plicately ribbed, ribs distant, last whorl spirally ridged at the base ; aperture ovate, rather small. AntHony, MS. Hab. Alabama, United States. A delicately tinted fulvous shell, encircled by narrow cord-like raised red-brown bands. Species 388. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA SCABRELLA. Mel. testa subfusiformi-conoided, sordidé castaned, anfractibus quingue ad sex, declivi- | convexis, concentricé dense plicato-liratis, supra et infra carinatis, suturis impressis ; aperturd oblongo-ovatd, ad basin canaliculato-productia. THE RouGH Menanra. Shell somewhat fusiformly co- noid, dull-chestnut, whorls five to six, slopingly con- vex, concentrically closely plicately ridged, keeled above and below, sutures impressed ; aperture oblong, ovate, canaliculately produced at the base. Antony, MS. Hab. Georgia, United States. Distinguished by a characteristic sculpture of arched concentric ridges, interrupted by a keel, which gives a peculiarly impressed aspect to the sutures. Species 389. (Mus. Anthony.) Meranta GLauca. Mel. testd subulato-turritd, glauco- olivaced, ad suturas pallida, anfractibus octo ad novem, undique oblique arcuatim costatis, anfractibus primis paucis liris tenuibus transversis clathratis ; apertura ovatd, ad basin subcanaliculato-effusd, intus purpuras- cente tinctd, labro sinuato, nigro-marginato. THE GLaucous MELANIA. Shell subulately turreted, glaucous-olive, pale at the sutures, whorls eight to nine, obliquely arcuately ribbed throughout, the first few whorls latticed with fine transverse ridges ; aperture ovate, somewhat canaliculately effused at the base, slightly purple-stained within, lip sinuous, black-edged. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 57. Hab. Tennessee, United States. An excellent species, in which the whorls are sculptured throughout with curved ribs, while the upper ones are latticed with fine transverse cords. Species 390. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA GRISEA. Mel. testdé subobeso-ovatd, solidd, vires- cente-olivaced obscure fasciatd, anfractibus quinque ad sex, convexis, levibus ; aperturd ovata, columella tenue reflexa. Tue Grey Mevania. Shell rather stoutly ovate, solid, greenish-olive, obscurely banded, whorls five to six, convex, smooth; aperture ovate, columella thinly re- flected. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 61. Hab. Tennessee River, North Alabama, United States. A shell of very simple character, of which Mr. Anthony has only the single specimen here figured. March, 1861. MELANIA.—Prate LI. Species 391. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA TEXTILOSA. Mel. testd obeso-conoided, stramined, spird acuminatd, anfractibus septem, declivi-conveais, corrugato-liratis et malleatis, hic illic nodulatis ; aper- turd ovatd, ad basin subanguste effusd, columella cal- losa. Tub EMBROIDERED Metanta. Shell stoutly conoid, straw-coloured, spire acuminated, whorls seven, slo- pingly convex, corrugately ridged and malleated, here and there noduled; aperture ovate, rather narrowly effused at the base, columella callous. Antuony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 101. pl. 2. f. 20. Hab. Georgia, United States. A solid straw-coloured shell, stout in the middle, sharply acuminated towards the apex, obscurely sculptured with noduled ridges, the interstices between which are malleated. Species 392. (Mus. Anthony.) Meranta Ttantotata. Mel. testd pyramidali-conoided, solidiusculd, fulvescente, nigro-viridi funiculatd, an- fractibus sex ad septem, undique spiraliter costatis et liratis; apertura pared, columelld reflexd, ad basin ca- naliculato-eff usa. Tue Fruverep Metanra. Shell pyramidally conoid, rather solid, fulvous, corded with blackish-green, whorls six to seven, spirally ribbed and ridged through- out; aperture small, columella reflected and canalicu- lately effused at the base. Anrnony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 59. Hab. Alabama, United States. Of a solid pyramidal form, conspicuously encircled with sharply defined blackish-green cords upon a subtrans- parent yellowish ground. Species 393. (Mus. Anthony.) MeLanta GLANDULA. Mel. testd globoso-conoided, nigro- olivaced, ad suturas pallida, spird attenuato-acuminatié, anfractibus septem ad octo, angustis, levibus ; apertura anguste ovata, ad basin contorto-canaliculatd. Tue acorn MeLania. Shell globosely conoid, blackish- olive, pale at the sutures, spire attenuately acumi- nated, whorls seven to eight, narrow, smooth ; aper- ture narrowly ovate, twistedly channelled at the base. Antuony, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 123. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A dark globose bulbous-looking shell, with an attenu- ately acuminated spire and twistedly channelled base. Species 394. (Mus. Anthony.) Menanta HasTata. Mel. testa cylindraceo-subulatd, ni- gro-castaned, ad suturas pallida, anfractibus octo ad novem, plano-tumidis, levibus ; apertura parviusculd, intus purpurascente, labro sinuato, columelld tenué reflerd, ad basin emarginato-effusd. THE SPBAR-LIKE Mpuanta. Shell cylindrically subulate, blackish-chestnut, pale at the sutures, whorls eight to nine, flatly swollen, smooth ; aperture rather small, purplish within, lip sinuated, columella thinly re- flected, emarginately effused at the base. _ Antuony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 85. Hab. Alabama, United States. A dark flatly swollen shell, with a dilately produced sinuated lip, purplish in the interior. Species 395. (Mus. Anthony.) MeELANIA apBscipa. Mel. crassa, levigatd, anfractibus plano-convevis, basin testa ovatd, olivaced-fusca, versus transversim liratis; apertura subangustd, ad basin calloso-canaliculatd. THE pEcAPITATED Mexanra. Shell ovate, olive-brown, thick, smooth, whorls flatly convex, transversely ridged towards the base; aperture rather narrow, callously channelled at the base. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 56. Hab. Alabama, United States. A. short stout square-built shell, with all but the last whorl and a half entirely eroded. Melanta PU Lil. ") / 396 397 Sowerby del. et ith Vincent Brooks Inrp MELANTIA. Prats LIT. Species 396. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA CLAVFORMIS. Mel. testa acuminato-subulari, semipellucido-olivaced, rufescente, anfractibus octo ad novem, levibus, declivi-convexis ; apertura ovatd, colu- melld tenuissime reflexd. THE CLUB-SHAPED Metania. Shell acuminately subu- late, semitransparent-olive, reddish, whorls eight to nine, smooth, slopingly convex ; aperture ovate, colu- mella very thinly reflected. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. viii. pl. 5. f. 10. Hab. Southern United States. A sharply acuminated shell of from eight to nine, rather narrow, smooth whorls of a semitransparent reddish-olive colour. Species 397. (Mus. Anthony.) MeELania ABRUPTA. Mel. testd ovatd, medio ventricosd, flavescente-olivaced, ad suturas pallida, spird brevi, an- fractibus quatuor ad quinque, declivi-convexis, ultimo subinflato, medio obtuse angulato ; apertura ovatd, sub- ampld, columella late appressd. THe aBrupt MELANIA. Shell ovate, ventricose in the middle, yellowish-olive, pale at the sutures, spire short, whorls four to five, slopingly convex, the last rather inflated, obtusely angled in the middle; aper- ture ovate, rather large, columella broadly appressed. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. x. pl. 9. f. 32. Hab. Alabama, United States. A species of only four to five whorls, of which the last is rather inflated. Species 398. (Mus. Anthony.) MeELaNta INTERRUPTA. Wel. testd ovato-turritd, vires- cente, subpellucidd, fasciis angustis olivaceo-fuscis cin- gulatd, anfractibus paucis, rotundatis, oblique plicato- noduiatis ; apertura orbiculari-ovatd, columella via re- | lead. THE INTERRUPTED Mptanta. Shell ovately turreted, greenish, somewhat transparent, encircled with nar- row olive-brown bands, whorls few, rounded, ob- liquely plicately noduled ; aperture orbicularly ovate, columella scarcely reflected. Hautpemay, MS. in Mus. Anthony. Hab. Southern United States. A prettily variegated plicately noduled species, of rather transparent substance, encircled with narrow bands, which have a brown rusty appearance internally, but on the out- side are a dark olive-green. Species 399. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA SUBCYLINDRACEA. ritd, glaucescente-olivaced, anfractibus plano-convexis, Mel. testa cylindraceo-tur- rude arcuatin plicato-striatis ; apertura ovatd, parvius- culd, labro sinuato, ad basin effuso. Tue CYLINDRICAL MeLanta. Shell cylindrically tur- reted, glaucous-olive, whorls flatly convex, rudely ar- cuately plicately striated ; aperture ovate, rather small, lip sinuated, effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. viii. pl. 5. f. 14. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A simple elongately convoluted shell, rudely sculptured throughout with arched strie of growth, corresponding with the sinuation of the lip. Species 400. (Mus. Anthony.) Mewania stycia. Mel. testd subpyramidali-ovatd, rude ventricosd, olivaced, obscure fasciatd, apice subobtuso, anfractibus quinque, convevis, subcorrugatis ; apertura ovata, ad basin angulato-effusd. THE INFERNAL MeLania. Shell somewhat pyramidally ovate, rudely ventricose, olive, obscurely banded, apex rather obtuse, whorls five, convex, rather wrinkled ; aperture ovate, angularly effused at the base. Say, MS. in Mus. Anthony. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A rather short rudely ventricose shell, effusedly angled at the base of the aperture. Species 401. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA FULIGINOSA. Mel. testd ovato-ventricosd, fulvi, rufo-fusco obscuré latifasciatd, apice obtuso, anfracti- bus quingue, oblique plicato-corrugatis ; apertura ovata, ampld, columella ad basin contorto-reflexd. THE sMOKY MeLantA. Shell ovately ventricose, fulvous, obscurely broadly banded with red-brown, apex ob- tuse, whorls five, obliquely plicately wrinkled ; aper- April, 1861. MELANIA.—Piate LIT. ture ovate, large, columella twistedly reflected at the base. Lua, Trans. Amer, Phil. Soe. vol. viii. pl. 5. f. 7. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Of a more ventricosely ovate from than the preceding species, the last whorl being more than usually large in proportion. Species 402. (Mus. Anthony.) Metanta Frtum. Mel. testd pyramidali-turritd, solidd, fulvo-olivaced, apice cylindraceo-obtuso, anfractibus sex ad septem, plano-concavis, densé arcuato-striatis, deinde carina rudi valida cingulatis ; apertura parvi- usculd, columella brevi, calloso-contortd, ad basin cana- liculato-effusa. THE THREAD Menania. Shell pyramidally turreted, solid, fulvous-olive, apex cylindrically obtuse, whorls six to seven, flatly concave, closely arcuately striated, then encircled with a strong rude keel; aperture rather small, columella short, callously twisted, canalicu- lately effused at the base. Lea, Trans, Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. x. pl. 9. f. 41. Hab. Alabama, United States. This shell partakes very closely of the characters of J. canaliculata and undulata, Say, and does not agree very precisely with Mr. Lea’s figure of WM. filum, it has how- ever been sent to me by Mr. Anthony, as an undoubted type of that species. Species 403. (Mus. Anthony.) MeELANIA PRAsINaTA, Mel. testé subulato-turritd, ful- vescente-olivaced aut virente, fascid unica fuscd ad basin cingulatd, anfractibus septem ad octo, plano- converis, ultimo obtuse angulato; apertura parvius- culd, columelld contorto-reflexd, subeffusa. THE GREENISH Metanta. Shell subulately turreted, yellowish-olive or greenish, encircled round the base with a single brown band, whorls seven to eight, flatly convex, the last obtusely angled; aperture rather small, columella twistedly reflected, a little effused. ConraD, Silliman’s Journ. vol. xxv. pl. 1. f. 14. Hab. Southern United States. A rather solid subulately turreted shell, twistedly ap- pressed at the base, Species 404. (Mus. Anthony.) Mexania Lecontiana. Mel. testd pyramidali-conoided, ad basin subrotundatd, ustulato-olivacedé aut virente, anfractibus paucis, declivibus, plicato-nodulosis ; aper- turd ovata, columella vix rejlexd. Le Contn’s Mrtanta. Shell pyramidally conoid, some- what rounded at the base, scorched olive, or greenish, whorls few, sloping, plicately noduled; aperture ovate, columella scarcely reflected. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. viii. pl. 5. f. 29. Hab. Georgia, United States. The nodules are chiefly conspicuous round the sutu- ral edge and periphery of the whorls. Species 405. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA OVoIDEA. Mel. testd subquadrato-ovatd, solidi- usculd, fusco-olivaced, obscuré bifasciatd, anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, plano-gibbosis, suturis impressis ; apertura ovata, columella appressé reflead, purpureo tinctd. THE ovoriD Metanta. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, rather solid, fuscous-olive, obscurely two-banded, whorls four to five, flatly gibbous, sutures impressed ; aperture ovate, columella appressly reflected, tinged with purple. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. x. pl. 9. f. 38. Hab, Louisiana, United States. A rather solid shell with the whorls flatly gibbously bulging, and the columella purple-stained. Melania Pl. LUI 4d Vincent Brooks in E MELANIA. Piate LILI. Species 406. (Mus. Anthony.) Mexanta Hatprana. Mel. testd acuminato-turritd, pel- lucido-olivaced, anfractibus octo ad novem, declivi-pla- natis, deinde bicarinatis, ultimo tricarinato ; apertura ovata, parviusculd, ad basin paululum effusa. Hates’ Metanza. Shell acuminately turreted, transpa- rent-olive, whorls eight to nine, slopingly flattened, then encircled with two keels, last whorl three-keeled ; aperture ovate, rather small, a little effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. x. pl. 9. f. 35. Hab. Alexandria, Louisiana, United States. This specimen does not agree very well with Mr. Lea’s description and figure, but it may be a keeled variety of the species. Species 407. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA THNERA, draced, flavescente-olivaced, fasciis angustis distantibus Mel. testé elongato-ovata, subcylin- rufo-fuscis cingulatd, anfractibus declivi-convexis, pri- mis paucis prope suturam carinatis ; apertura ovata, ad basin angusté effusd, columelld tenué reflend, sub- producta. Tue peticaTE Megranta. Shell elongately ovate, sub- cylindrical, yellowish-olive, encircled with narrow distant red-brown bands, whorls slopingly convex, the first few keeled next the suture ; aperture ovate, narrowly effused at the base, columella thinly re- flected, rather produced. Antuony, MS. Hab, Alabama, United States, Chiefly distinguished by its encircling pattern of red- brown linear bands upon a pale yellowish-olive ground. Species 408. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA EXIMIA. Mel. testd pyramidali-conoided, sub- obesd, livido-virente, prope suturas flavescente, spird acutissimd, anfractibus septem ad octo, concavo-decli- vibus, deinde acutissimée carinatis, ultimo quadricari- nato; apertura ovata, fauce fasciis duabus fuscis dis- tantibus pictd, columella ad basin reflexo-effusd. Tue cuotce MeLANIA. Shell pyramidally conoid, rather stout, livid-green, yellowish next the sutures, spire very sharp, whorls seven to eight, concavely sloping, then very sharply keeled, last whorl four-keeled aperture ovate, interior marked with two distant brown bands, columella reflectedly effused at the base. Antony, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 107. ples atade Hab. Tennessee, United States. A strongly-marked livid-olive shell, encircled with fine wiry keels of a paler hue. Species 409. (Mus. Anthony.) Metanta AvuricuLmrormis. Mel. testa cylindraceo- ovata, fuscescente-olivaced, anfractibus paucis, ultimo multo majore, levibus vel tongitudinaliter plicato-stria- tis ; aperluré oblongo-ovatd, columella subcallosd, ad basin arcuato-rotundata. THE AURICULA-SHAPED Mpxanta. Shell cylindrically ovate, fuscous-olive, whorls few, the last much the larger, smooth, or longitudinally plicately striated ; aperture oblong-ovate, columella rather callous, arcu- ately rounded at the base. Lua, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. x. pl. 9. f. 39. Hab. Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States. A simple ovate shell, of few whorls, the last being largely oblong in proportion. Species 410. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA INFLATA. Mel. testd ovata, in medio ventricosa et obtuse carinata, flavescente-olivaced, anfractibus pau- cis, declivi-convexis ; apertura subampla, columellaé tenue reflerd, ad basin attenuato-producta. Tue tNrLateD Metanta. Shell ovate, ventricose and obtusely keeled in the middle, yellowish-olive, whorls few, slopingly convex; aperture rather large, colu- mella thinly reflected, attenuately produced at the base. Hatpreman, MS. in Mus. Anthony. Hab. Southern United States. A shell of apparently few whorls, of which the last is rather large and ventricose, faintly keeled at the periphery. Species 411. (Mus. Anthony.) Metanta Grossa. Mel. testd obeso-fusiformi, crassa, fla- vescente-olivaced, spird acuta, anfractibus septem, pri- April, 1861. MELANIA.—Prare LIT. mis angustis, arcuato-plicatis, ultimo levigato, rotun- dato ; aperturd oblongo-ovatd, columella ad basin con- torto-effusi. Tue stout Mezanta. Shell stoutly fusiform, thick, yel- lowish-olive, spire sharp, whorls seven, the first nar- row, arcuately plicated, the last smooth, rounded ; aperture oblong-ovate, columella twistedly effused at the base. Antony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 59. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A shell of stout growth, curiously arcuately plicated round the upper edge of the whorls. Species 4]2. (Mus. Anthony.) Mexania NassuLa. Mel. testa acuminato-turritd, fulvo- olivaced, anfractibus octo ad novem, convexis, liris spi- ralibus costisque plicatis arcuatis undique clathratis ; apertura ovata, ad basin parum effusé. Tuer Nassa-LIkE Mevanta. Shell acuminately turreted, fulvous-olive, whorls eight to nine, convex, latticed throughout with spiral ridges and arched _plicate ribs; aperture ovate, but little effused at the base. ConraD, Freshwater Shells, pl. 8. f. 9. Hab. Alabama, United States. Latticed throughout with well-sculptured ribs and ridges. Species 413. (Mus. Anthony.) Meania cristata. Mel. testd abbreviato-turritd, cris- tata, fulvo-olivaced, spird brevi, subimmersd, anfracti- bus quatuor ad quingue, superne marginatis, medio ca- rinatis, suturis canaliculatis ; apertura subampla, co- lumelld tenue reflead, ad basin paululum effusa. THE CRESTED Meuantra. Shell shortly turreted, thick, fulvous-olive, spire short, rather immersed, whorls four to five, edged round the upper part, keeled round the middle, sutures channelled ; aperture rather large, columella thinly reflected, a little effused at the base. Antnony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 108. Plas tease Hab. Alabama, United States. A curious, shortly turreted shell, with the spire so far immersed as to make the sutures narrowly channelled. Species 414. (Mus. Anthony.) MeLania PLEBEJUS. Mel. testd ovato-conoided, fusco- olivaced, anfractibus paucis, declivi-planis, levibus, ultimo medio obtuse carinato ; apertura trigono-ovatd, ad basin rotundatd, columella appressé incurvd. THE PLEBEIAN Meztania. Shell ovately conoid, fuscous- olive, whorls few, slopingly flattened, smooth, the last obtusely keeled round the middle; aperture tri- angularly ovate, rounded at the base, columella ap- pressly incurved. Antuony, Pro. Boston, Soc. Nat. Hist. 1851. Hab. Arkansas, United States. A smooth conical shell, obtusely keeled round the mid- dle, rotundately appressed at the base. Species 415. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA FUSCOCINCTA. obest, fulvo-olivaced, fascia latd purpureo-fuscd cingu- lata, spird brevi, anfractibus quatuor, convexo-declivi- bus, levigatis ; apertura ovatd, columella brevi, tenue reflexd. THE BROWN-BELTED MELANTA. Shell shortly conical, stout, fulvous-olive, encircled with a broad purple- brown band, spire short, whorls four, convexly slo- ping, smooth ; aperture ovate, columella short, thinly reflected. Antuony, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 120. pl. 3. f. 20. Hab. Alabama, United States. A short, stout, somewhat Trochiform shell, encircled with a very characteristic broad brown band upon a yellowish ground. Mel. testé abbreviato-conica, Madania Pl. LIV / } 6 = MELANIA. Puate LIV. Species 416. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA PALLESCENS. Mel. testd fusiformi-ovatd, medio obsolete angulato-carinatd, olivaceo-virente, levigatd, anfractibus quingue ad sex, superné declivi-planulatis ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, ad basin subattenuato-effusd, labro medio sinuato. THe paLE Mpanta. Shell fusiformly ovate, obsoletely angularly keeled in the middle, olive-green, smooth, whorls five to six, slopingly flattened round the up- per part ; aperture oblong-ovate, rather attenuately effused at the base, lip sinuated in the middle. Lwa, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. x. pl. 9. f. 43. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Of a somewhat fusiform shape, the aperture being at- tenuately effused at the base, smooth olive-green, obscurely angled round the periphery of the last whorl. Species 417. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA PALLIDULA. Mel. testa ovatd, medio angulato- carinatd, fulvo-olivaced, fascia angustd unica fulves- cente cingulatd, anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, su- perne declivi-convewis, levibus ; aperturd ovata, co- lumella ad basin tenué reflexd. THe PALE MetantA. Shell ovate, angularly keeled round the middle, fulvous olive, encircled with a single | narrow brown band, whorls four to five, slopingly | convex round the upper part, smooth; aperture ovate, columella thinly reflected at the base. AntHony, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 115. pl. 3. f. 15. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Of a shorter ovate form than the preceding species, and of a paler fulvous colour, encircled by a single narrow fuscous band. Species 418. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA CORONILLA. Mel. testd ovatd, livido-olivaced, anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, superné solidiusculd, oblique plicato-tuberculatis ; apertura ovatd, parvius- culd, columelld ad basin tenue effusi. THE LITTLE CROWN MELAnNta. Shell ovate, rather solid, | livid-olive, whorls four to five, obliquely plicately tubercled at the upper part ; aperture ovate, rather small, columella thinly effused at the base. Anruony, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 126. pl. 3. f. 27. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Well distinguished by its stunted obliquely tubercled spire. Species 419. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA BRUNNEA. Mel. testd conico-ovatd, subfusiformi, sordidé olivaced, anfractibus quingue, cito dilatantibus, declivibus, ultimo ventricoso, obscure interrupte trans- versim lirato ; apertura ovata, columella ad basin re- flexo-effusa. Tue BRowN Meranta. Shell conically ovate, slightly fusiform, dark-olive, whorls five, quickly enlarging, sloping, last whorl ventricose, obscurely interruptedly transversely ridged; aperture ovate, columella re- flectedly effused at the base. Antuony, Aun. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 92. pl. 2. f. 10. Had. Alabama, United States. The last whorl of this species presents indications of spiral ridges, obscure and irregularly interrupted, Species 420. (Mus. Anthony.) Mexania Trivirrata. Mel. testd oblongo-ovata, rude lurritd, olivaceo-virente, fusco trifasciatd, anfractibus paucis, superne obsolete plicato-tuberculatis, deinde sub- compressis, levibus, ultimo conspicue descendente ; aper- turd pared, anguste ovata, ad basin attenuate effusd. THE THREE-FILLETED Metanta. Shell oblong-ovate, rudely turreted, olive-green, encircled with three fuscous bands, whorls few, obsoletely plicately tu- bercled round the upper part, then somewhat com- pressed, smooth, last whorl conspicuously descending : aperture small, narrowly ovate, attenuately effused at the base. Lithasia solida, Lea. Hab. Alabama, United States. The tubercled growth of this shell, although very 1m- May, 1861. perfectly and rudely developed, appears to be a character of the species. Species 421. (Mus. Anthony.) Menanta SuHowattert. Wel. testd obeso-ovaté, solidd, fulvescente-olivaced, fusco trifasciaté, spird brevi, anfractibus superné obsolete rude plicato-tuberculatis, deinde convexis ; apertura ovata, columellé callosd, ad basin parum effusd. Snowatrer’s Mpranta. Shell stoutly ovate, solid, ful- vous-olive, encircled with three fuscous bands, spire short, whorls obsoletely rudely plicately tubereled at the upper part, then convex; aperture ovate, co- lumella callous, but little effused at the base. Lithasia Showalteri, Lea. Hab. Alabama, United States. Of a more obtuse and rounder growth than the prece- ding species, with a shorter spire. Species 422. (Mus. Anthony.) Metanta Nopata. Mel. testa conico-ovatd, livido-olivaced, anfractibus paucis, declivibus, ultimo ventricoso, ad peripheriam obtus? angulato et tuberculato; apertura late ovatd, fauce purpureo tincté, columella recta, tenué expansa. THE KNOBBED Metanta. Shell conically ovate, livid- olive, whorls few, sloping, the last ventricose, ob- tusely angled and tubercled at the periphery ; aper- ture broadly ovate, stained with purple within, co- lumella straight, thinly expanded. Melania tuberculata, Lea (not of Miiller). Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. iv. pl. 15. f. 81 a, 4. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Chiefly distinguished by its tuberculated structure, the tubercles not being at the upper part of the whorls, but round the periphery. Species 423. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA NUCLEA. Mel. testd obtuse ovatd, subglobosd, solida, fulvo-olivaced, fusco trifasciatd, spird subim- mersd, anfractibus quatuor, rudé convexis; apertura late ovata, parvid, columellé ad basin calloso-reflexd. THE KERNEL Metanta. Shell obtusely ovate, some- what globose, solid, fulvous-olive, encircled with three brown bands, spire slightly immersed, whorls four, rudely convex; aperture broadly ovate, small, columella callously reflected at the base. Lithasia nuclea, Lea. Hab. Alabama, United States. This little species seems to be rather variable in growth, the spire being more immersed in some specimens than in others. Species 424. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA ABBREVIATA. Mel. testd subacuminato-ovata, olivaced, spird acutd, anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, modicé convexis, levibus; aperturaé ovata, ad basin parum effusa. Tue sHort Metanta. Shell somewhat acuminately ovate, olive, spire sharp, whorls four to five, mode- rately convex, smooth; aperture ovate, but little effused at the base. AntHony, Pro. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, 1851. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A simple well-formed shell, devoid of sculpture, with a sharper apex than usual. Species 425. (Mus. Anthony.) Menanta pxpaNnsa. Wel. testdé conico-ovatd, olivaced, brunneo obscuré fasciatd et tinctd, suturis pallidis, anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, superné contracto- declivibus, longitudinaliter rudé plicato-striatis ; aper- turd ovatd, subamplé, ad basin attenuato-effusd, co- lumellé excavato-appressd, purpurea. THE EXPANDED Metantra. Shell conically ovate, olive, obscurely banded and tinged with brown, sutures pale, whorls four to five, contractedly sloping round the upper part, longitudinally rudely plicately striated ; aperture ovate, rather large, attenuately effused at the base, columella excavately appressed, purple. Lea, MS. in Mus. Anthony. Hab. Tennessee, United States. as Distinguished, it may be observed, by a range of cha- racters peculiarly its own. NMelania Pl. LV. Vincent Brooks, Inp MELANIA. PuatEe LV. Species 426. (Mus. Anthony.) Mexania Erowanensts. Mel. testé acuminato-turritd, fulvo-olivaced, fusco longitudinaliter oblique strigatd, anfractibus sepiem ad octo, superné concavo-constrictis, _ oblique longitudinaliter plicatis, spiraliter acute nodu- loso-liratis ; aperturé laté ovatd, parviusculd, colu- mellaé arcuato-contorta. Tur Erowan Metania. Shell acuminately turreted, fulvous-olive, longitudinally obliquely streaked with brown, whorls seven to eight, concavely constricted at the upper part, obliquely longitudinally plicated, spirally sharply nodosely ridged; aperture broadly ovate, rather small, columella arcuately twisted. Lea, MS. in Mus. Anthony. Hab. Georgia, United States. An elegantly convoluted species, very constricted at the sutures, sculptured throughout with fine spiral edges pass- ing over oblique longitudinal plications. Species 427. (Mus. Anthony.) Menanra Porteiii. Mel. testa acuminato-subulatd, vi- rescente-olivaced, ad suturas late pallidis, anfractibus septem ad octo, longitudinaliter subplicatis, spiraliter acute liratis, liris in interstitiis plicarum interruptis ; apertura ovata, parviusculd, columellé ad basin rotun- dato-effusd. PorveLL’s Muuania. Shell acuminately subulate, green- ish-olive, broadly pale at the sutures, whorls seven to eight, longitudinally faintly plicated, spirally sharply ridged, ridges interrupted in the interstices of the folds; aperture ovate, rather small, columella rotun- dately effused at the base. Lea, MS. in Mus. Anthony. Had. South Carolina, United States. 2 There is a somewhat characteristic resemblance between this species and certain varieties of the North African MZ. tuberculata. Species 428. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA SUBULARIS. Mel. testé acuté subulari, livido- olivaced, anfractibus novem ad decem, undique spira- liter liratd, liris subirregularibus, supremdé maximé conspicud ; apertura ovatd, parva, columellé ad basin contorto-effusd, sordidé purpured. Tue suBULAR Mexanta. Shell sharply subulate, livid- olive, whorls nine to ten, spirally ridged throughout, ridges rather irregular, the uppermost the most con- spicuous ; aperture ovate, small, columella twistedly effused at the base, dark purple. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. iv. pl. 15. f. 30. Hab. Niagara Falls, United States. The uppermost of the spiral ridges of this species is larger than the rest and of a more livid-blue aspect. Species 429. (Mus. Anthony.) Mevanta Tracta. Mel. testé acuminato-turritd, sordide olivaced, anfractibus undecim ad duodecim, plano-con- cavis, carina unicé vérsus partem inferiorem cingu- latis, carina prope apicem prominente, versus apertu- ram gradatim evanidd, anfractu ultimo obscure multi- lirato ; apertura laté ovatd, parva, ad basin subeffusd, columella purpured. THE ELONGATED Merania. Shell acuminately turreted, dull-olive, whorls eleven to twelve, flatly concave, encircled towards the lower part by a single keel, keel prominent near the apex, gradually fading to- wards the aperture, last whorl obscurely many-ridged ; aperture broadly ovate, small, a little effused at the base, columella purple. AntTHony, Pro. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, 1851. Hab. Southern United States. Characterized by an unusual number of whorls, encircled near the apex with a sharp keel, which gradually fades towards the aperture, and more ridges make their appear- ance. Species 430. (Mus. Anthony.) Meuanta EpeGartana. Mel. testd acuminato-turritd, olivaced, anfractibus novem ad decem, liris tenuibus numerosis undique funiculatis, anfractibus primis paucis oblique arcuato-plicatis, plicis distantibus, gradatim evanidis ; aperturd ovatd, parviusculd, labro sinuato, columella contorto-appressa. Epq@ar’s Mexanta. Shell acuminately turreted, olive, whorls nine to ten, corded throughout with numerous fine ridges, the first few whorls obliquely arcuately plicated, folds distant, gradually fading away; aper- ture ovate, rather small, lip sinuated, columella twist- edly appressed. May, 1861. MELANIA.—Puate LV. Lua, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. viii, pl. 6. f. 37. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Sculptured throughout with rather close-set spiral ridges, crossed with rather distant oblique arched folds, which gradually fade away towards the aperture. Species 431. (Mus. Anthony.) MeLanra BacuLuM. Mel. testd turritd, fulvescente- olivaced, anfractibus octo ad novem, convexo-planatis, obscurd liratis e¢ arcuato-plicatis ; apertura parva, columella tenue reflend. Tue starr Menanra. Shell turreted, fulvous-olive, whorls eight to nine, convexly flattened, obscurely ridged and arcuately plicated ; aperture small, colu- mella thinly reflected. Antuony, MS. Hab. Tennessee, United States. The characters of this species are not unlike those of the preceding, except that they are very obscure and irre- vular. Species 432. (Mus. Anthony.) Metanta Foremani. Mel. testd obeso-subulata solidius- culé, fulvo-olivaced, anfractibus octo, superné concavis, deinde nitide gemmato-carinatis ; apertura subanguste ovatd, labro sinuato, columelld contorto-appressa et recurved. Forpman’s Mezanra. Shell stoutly subulate, rather solid, fulvous-olive, whorls eight, concave round the upper part, then neatly gemmately keeled; aperture rather narrowly ovate, lip sinuated, columella twis- tedly appressed and recurved. Lea, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Alabama, United States. A very characteristic species, both as regards form and sculpture. Species 433. (Mus. Anthony.) Menania Grata. Mel. testd ovato-subulari, flavescente- olivaced, fasciis fusco-virentibus undique cingulatd, an- fractibus octo ad novem, convewis, levibus ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, parviusculd, ad basin subeffusd. ‘THE WELCOME MeE.aniIA. Shell ovately subular, yel- lowish-olive, encircled throughout with fuscous-green bands, whorls eight to nine, convex, smooth; aper- ture oblong-oyate, rather small, a little effused at the base. Awtnony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 61. Hab. Alabama, United States. “Ts it not pretty ?” writes Mr. Anthony on the ticket enclosed in his box of nearly a dozen specimens of this charming species, all of which are gaily green-banded throughout upon a bright golden-olive ground. Species 434. (Mus. Anthony.) MeLania Livipa. Mel. testé pyramidali-subulari, sor- didé livido-olivaced, ad suturas albidd, anfractibus decem, concavo-declivibus, primis perpaucis carinatis, ultimo ad basin angulato et carinato ; aperturd rhom- boided, columella contorto-appressa et recurvda. Tue tivip Meranta. Shell pyramidally subular, dark livid-olive, whitish at the sutures, whorls ten, con- eavely sloping, first few whorls keeled, last whorl angled and keeled at the base; aperture rhomboid, columella twistedly appressed and recurved. Melania varicosa, Ward (not of Troschel). Hab. Ohio, United States. Very closely allied to AZ, elevata, Say. Species 435. (Mus. Anthony.) Metanta uncralis. Mel. testd acuminato-turritd, flaves- cente-olivaced, fasciis duabus fusco-virentibus latis distantibus cingulatd, anfractibus octo ad novem, plano- convexis, interdum levibus, interdum obscuré liratis, anfractibus primis validissimé bicarinatis ; apertura ovatd, subeffusd. THe 1ncH Merxanta. Shell acuminately turreted, vel- lowish-olive, encircled with two broad distant fuscous- green bands, whorls eight to nine, flatly convex, sometimes smooth, sometimes obscurely ridged, the first whorls very strongly two-keeled ; aperture ovate, a little effused. Hatprman, MS. in Mus. Anthony. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Curiously distinguished by the very prominent screw- like structure of the keels on the earlier whorls, although | they are sometimes but little developed. 443 Melania Pl LWT. Add MELANTIA. Pirate LVI. Species 436. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA VERSIPELLIS. Jel. testé acute conico-ovatd, fla- vescente-olivaced, virente-fusco varie fasciatd, anfrac- tibus sex, primis paucis tuberculato-plicatis, ultimo levigato, rotundato ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, columella arcuato-contortd. THE CHANGEABLE MeLaAnta. Shell sharply conically ovate, yellow-olive, variously banded with greenish- brown, whorls six, the first few tubercularly plicated, the last smooth, rounded; aperture oblong-ovate, columella arcuately twisted. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 60. | Hab. Tennessee, United States. Curiously tubereularly plicated on the first few whorls. Species 437. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANTA GRACILLIMA. culd, livido-olivaced, anfractibus octo ad novem, un- Mel. testa gracili-turritd, tenui- dique tricarinatis, carinis versus aperturam gradatin evanidis ; apertura ovatd, minutd, columella tenue re- Seva. THE VERY SLENDER Meranta. Shell slenderly turreted, rather thin, livid-olive, whorls eight to nine, en- circled throughout with three keels, keels gradually fading towards the aperture; aperture ovate, very small, columella thinly reflected. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 62. Hab. South Carolina, United States. A slenderly turreted semitransparent species, more or less faintly three-keeled throughout. Species 438. (Mus. Anthony.) MeELANIA ATTENUATA. fel. testa subulatd, intus extusque purpureo-castaned, spird acuminata, anfractibus novem, plano-convevis, levibus ; apertura parva, rotundato- ovata, columella tenue refled. THE ATTENUATED Metanra. Shell subulate, burnt- chestnut within and without, spire acuminated, whorls nine, flatly convex, smooth; aperture small, rotundately ovate, columella thinly reflected. AntuHony, MS. Hab. Cuba. A smooth straightly acuminated shell, of a deep purple- chestnut colour within and without, of a quite distinct type from any of the United States species. Species 439. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA GLABRA. Mel. testa conico-ovatd, fulvo-brunned, ad suturas pallidd, anfractibus sex ad septem, primis perpaucis tenuicarinatis, deinde rotundatis, levibus vel obsolete liratis ; apertura ovata, ad basin subeffusd. Tue smoorH Mexanta. Shell conically ovate, fulvous- brown, pale at the sutures, whorls six to seven, the first few finely keeled, then rounded, smooth, or ob- soletely ridged ; aperture ovate, a little effused at the base. Lea, MS. in Mus. Anthony. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Gof | Of a peculiar fulvous-brown colour, yellowish at the sutures, obscurely spirally ridged. Species 440. (Mus. Anthony.) Meania cosrirera. Mel. testa subulato-turritd, fulvo- oliwaced, semipellucidd, anfractibus septem ad octo, convexis, longitudinaliter obsolete plicatis et minutissime striatis, spiraliter obseuré liratis; apertura ovata, parca, ad basin subeffusa. THE RIBBED Metanra. Shell subulately turreted, ful- vous-olive, semitransparent, whorls seven to eight, convex, lougitudinally obsoletely plicated, and very minutely striated, spirally obscurely ridged ; aperture ovate, small, a little effused at the base. Hatpeman, MS. in Mus. Anthony. Hab. Minois, United States. A semitransparent fulvous-olive shell, very minutely longitudinally striated, the strie in the interstices be- tween the spiral ridges having somewhat the appearance of punctures. Species 441. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA COLUMELLA. Mel. testa subulato-turritd, fulvo- olivaced, anfractibus numerosis, plano-convewis, oblique plicato-costatis, costis in anfractu ultimo evanidis ; aper- turd ovata, parvd, ad basin subeffusd. May, 1861. MELANIA.—Ptate LVI. THE LITTLE PILLAR Menanra. Shell subulately tur- reted, fulvous-olive, whorls numerous, flatly convex, obliquely plicately ribbed, ribs fading in the last whorl; aperture ovate, small, a little effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. viii. pl. 6. f. 33. Hab. Tennessee, United States. The plaited sculpture of this species consists of ribs ter- minating abruptly on the penultimate whorls. Species 442. (Mus. Anthony.) MpLanta ELEVATA. Mel. testd acute pyramidali, pallide fulvd, interdum obscuré fasciatd, anfractibus decem, primis paucis acute carinatis, ceteris concavo-declivibus, levigatis, ultimo inferne carinato ; apertura rhomboided, labro sinuato, columelld contorto-effusé superne pur- pureo-tincta. Tur pLEvATED Menanta. Shell sharply pyramidal, pale- fulvous, sometimes obscurely banded, whorls ten, the first few sharply keeled, the rest concavely sloping, smooth, last whorl keeled round the lower part; aperture rhomboid, lip sinuated, columeila twistedly effused, stained with purple at the upper part. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. il. p. 176. Hab. Southern United States. This species has a very characteristic blotch of purple on the upper part of the columella, but there are varie- ties in which it is absent. Species 443. (Mus. Anthony.) MBELANIA TENEBROSA. Mel. testd ovatd, acute conicé, fulvo-brunned, ad suturis flavescente ; anfractibus quin- que ad sex, declivibus, longitudinaliter plicatis, ultimo medio angulato, inferne levi; aperturd ovata, ad basin subattenuatd, columella tenue reflexd, purpured. Tue DARK Metanta. Shell ovate, sharply conical, ful- vous-brown, yellowish at the sutures, whorls five to | six, sloping, longitudinally rudely plicated, last whorl angled in the middle, smooth below ; aperture ovate, rather attenuated at the base, columella thinly re- flected, purple. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. viii. pl. 5. f. 26. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Distinguished by a peculiar fulvous and greenish-brown hue, with a purplish columella, the whorls being rudely plicated at the upper part. Species 444. (Mus. Anthony.) Mezanta Tartrana. Mel. testd attenuato-turritd, fus- cescente-olivaced, bifasciatd, anfractibus sex ad septem, primis paucis carinatis, ceteris levibus ; apertura ovatd, ad basin subeffusd. Tarr’s Mexanta. Shell attenuately turreted, brownish, olive, two-banded, whorls six to seven, the first few keeled, the rest smooth; aperture ovate, a little ef- fused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. viii. pl. 5. f. 5. Hab, Alabama, United States. A dark, obscurely banded shell, rather attenuately tur- reted. Species 44.5. (Mus. Anthony.) Metania cupicorpEs. Mel. testd acute pyramidali- conicd, olivaced, anfractibus quingue, plano-declivibus, ultimo medio acute angulato-conico ; apertura ovatd, parum effusd. THE DIg-LIKE Metantra. Shell sharply pyramidally conical, olive, whorls five, flatly sloping, last whorl sharply angularly keeled in the middle; aperture ovate, but little effused. Antuony, Pro, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 60. Hab. Indiana, United States. Chiefly distinguished by the sharp-pyramidal cone which characterizes the spire. Melania Pl. LVIT. MELANTA. Puate LVII. Species 446. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA PUMILA. Mel. testd obtuse ovatd, flavescente- olivaced, virente-fusco bifasciatd, anfractibus quingue, convexis, levibus ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, labro si- nuato, columella ad basin contorto-canaliculaté. THE DWARFISH MELANIA. Shell obtusely ovate, yellow- ish-olive, encircled with two greenish-brown bands, whorls five, convex, smooth; aperture oblong-ovate, lip sinuated, columella twistedly channelled at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. x. pl. 9. f. 36. Hab. Alabama, United States. A short, obtusely ovate, banded shell, rather more than usually twistedly channelled at the base. Species 447. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA UNDOSA. Mel. testé obtuse ovata, fulvo-oliva- ced, spira brevi, subimmersd, anfractibus quatuor, su- perne rotundatis et rudé undatis ; apertura ovata, sub- ampld, columellé subcallosd. Tue waved Meuanta. Shell obtusely ovate, fulvous- olive, spire short, a little immersed, whorls four, rounded and rudely waved round the upper part; aperture ovate, rather large, columella rather callous. Antuony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, p. 124. pl. 3. 51 5 Hab. Kentucky, United States. An obtuse, rudely-waved, round-shouldered shell, with a very small spire. Species 448. (Mus. Anthony.) Metanta ovatis. Mel. testd cylindraceo-ovatd, solidius- culd, fulvo-olivaced, interdum virente fasciatd, spird parvd, obtusd, anfractibus quinque, convevis, undique valide spiraliter liratis ; apertura subanguste ovatd, ad basin attenuato-effusd. Tue ovaL Mezanta. Shell cylindrically ovate, rather solid, fulvous-olive, sometimes green-banded, spire small, obtuse, whorls five, convex, strongly spirally ridged throughout ; aperture rather narrowly ovate, attenuately effused at the base. Lea, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Alabama, United States. 1GHe Of an obtuse, cylindrically-ovate form, very regularly encircled throughout with equidistant ridges. Species 449. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA sorDIDA. Mel. testd fusiformi-ovatd, solidius- culd, virente-olivaced, anfractibus paucis, declivi-con- vevis, levibus, ultimo obtuse angulato; apertura ovata, labro sinuato, columella ad basin contorto-effusa. MEAN Metanta. Shell fusiformly ovate, rather solid, greenish-olive, whorls few, slopingly convex, smooth, last whorl obtusely angled; aperture ovate, lip sinuated, columella twistedly effused at the base. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. viii. pl. 5. f. 15. THE | Hab. Alabama, United States. A smooth, greenish-olive, somewhat fusiformly ovate shell. Species 450. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA PLENA. Jel. testd conico-ovatd, solidd, virente- olivaced, varie fasciatd, spird obtusa, anfractibus pau- cis, declivi-convewis, hic illie rudé varicosis ; apertura rhomboided, ad basin attenuato-canaliculatd, columella recta. pLtuMe Mevanta. Shell conically ovate, solid, ereenish-olive, variously banded, spire obtuse, whorls few, slopingly convex, here and there rudely vari- cose; aperture rhomboid, attenuately channelled at the base, columella straight. Antuony, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, p. 121. pl. 3. fee Hab. Alabama, United States. Tue Distinguished by the recurrence of a few obscure va- rices, and by an atteuuately channelled base. Species 451. (Mus. Anthony.) MpLaNIA GRaviIDA. Mel. testd conico-ovatd, solidd, fla- vescente-olivaced, anfractibus quinque ad sea, ad su- turas subimpressis, deinde plano-convexis, levibus ; apertura ovatd, columellé tenue reflexd. Tue HEAVY Mexanta. Shell conically ovate, solid, yel- lowish-olive, whorls five to six, slightly appressed at the sutures, then flatly convex, smooth; aperture ovate, columella thinly reflected. May, 1861. MELANIA.—P tate LVII. Awnruony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 59. Hab. Alabama, United States. A smooth, bright yellowish-olive shell, of somewhat rude growth. Species 452. (Mus. Anthony.) Meranra Vanuxemrana. Mel. testd subcylindraceo- ovata, virente-olivaced, undique plus minus fasciatd, anfractibus quatuor ad quingue, spiraliter liratis, lon- gitudinaliter eximié plicato-nodulatis ; apertura ob- longo-ovatd, ad basin effusd. Vanuxem’s Merania. Shell somewhat cylindrically ovate, greenish-olive, more or less banded through- out, whorls four to five, spirally ridged, longitudi- nally faintly plicately noduled; aperture oblong- ovate, effused at the base. Lea, MS. in Mus. Cuming. peli Hab. Alabama, United States. A solid, eylindrically-ovate shell, brightly banded and ridged across, the ridges being faintly noduled by obscure longitudinal folds. Fig. 543. (Mus. Anthony.) Mr. Anthony suggests that this might be published as a new species, with the name MZ. fragosa ; but I incline to think, on further consideration, that it is a variety of the preceding, in which the central keels are more strongly developed, imparting a more angular outline to the shell. Species 454. (Mus. Anthony.) Metanta soLipa. Mel. testé obtuse pyramidali, solidé, flavescente-olivaced, anfractibus septem ad octo, an- gustis, convexis, arcuato-striatis ; apertura angusté ovatd, labro sinuato, columella brevi, ad basin con- spicue contorto-canaliculatd. Tue sonrp Metanta. Shell obtusely pyramidal, solid, yellowish-olive, whorls seven to eight, narrow, con- vex, arcuately striated; aperture narrowly ovate, lip sinuated, columella short, conspicuously twistedly channelled at the base. Lua, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. x. pl. 9. f. 27. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A pyramidally conoid shell, with the whorls unusually closely convoluted, conspicuously twisted at the base into a short channel. Species 455. (Mus. Anthony.) MeELANIA OLIvULA. Mel. testa conico-ovatd, solidiusculd. olivaceo-brunned, pallidissime fasciatd, anfractibus paucis, cylindraceo-convexis, levibus vel obscure spi- raliter liratis ; apertura ovata, parviusculd, ad basin viv effusa. THE LITTLE OLIVE Mexanta. Shell conically ovate, ra- ther solid, olive-brown, very faintly banded, whorls few, cylindrically convex, smooth or obscurely spirally ridged; aperture ovate, rather small, scarcely effused at the base. ‘ Conran, Amer. Journ. Sci. p. 25. pl. 1. f. 13. Hab. Alabama, United States. This, and not the shell represented at Plate XLIII., Fig. 309, is the true M. olivula of Conrad. much eroded towards the apex. It is usually Melania Pl. LVI 4O4 MEG IGEN Nae. Prate LVIII. Species 456. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA CORNEOLA. Mel. testd conico-ovatd, subfusi- formi, flavescente, olivaceo-virente pallide fasciatd, an- fractibus quatuor ad quingue, declivi-convexis, obsolete oblique nodoso-plicatis, deinde tumidiusculis ; apertura ovata, columella appressd, parum reflead. Tue HORNY Meuanta. Shell conically ovate, some- what fusiform, yellowish, faintly banded with olive- green, whorls four to five, slopingly convex, obso- letely obliquely nodosely plicated, then rather swollen ; aperture ovate, columella appressed, but little re- flected. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 61. Hab. Alabama, United States. A bright little fusiformly-ovate shell, faintly obliquely plicated. Species 457. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA CRENATELLA. Mel. testa vvato-turritd, oliva- ceo-nigrd, anfractibus paucis, liris prominentibus, in- terstitiis subexcavatis, undique spiraliter funiculatis, anfractibus primis oblique nodoso-plicatis ; aperturd parva, ovata, ad basin minutissime sinuatd. THE CRENATED MELANIA. Shell ovately turreted, olive- black, whorls few, spirally corded throughout with prominent ridges, the interstices between which are excavated, the first whorls obliquely nodosely pli- | cated ; aperture small, ovate, very minutely sinuated at the base. Lea, MS. in Mus. Anthony. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Chiefly distinguished by its strongly defined sculpture of transverse grooves and ridges. Species 458. (Mus. Anthony.) Mezania coanava. Mel. testa veald, tumidiusculd, vi- rente-olivaced, nigricante trizonata, anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, declivi-convewis, levibus, ultimo multo ma- jore; apertura ovatd, subampli. Tue coGNaTte Me.anta. Shell ovate, rather swollen, greenish-olive, encircled with three blackish zones, whorls four to five, slopingly convex, smooth, the last much the larger; aperture ovate, rather large. Antony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 60. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Though a moderately thick shell, the last whorl is much inflated in proportion to the others. Species 459. (Mus. Anthony.) Menania L&evicata. Mel. testd subulatd, pellucido-vli- vaced, lined rufo-fuscad cingulata, anfractibus octo ad novem, plano-convexis, levibus vel arcuato-striatis, ul- timo mediv angulato; apertura parviusculd, labro sinuato, columella contorto-producta et effusd. sMooTH Mrzanta. Shell subulate, transparent- olive, encircled with a red-brown line, whorls cight to THE nine, flatly convex, smooth or arcuately striated, the last angled round the middle; aperture rather small, lip sinuated, columella twistedly produced and effused. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. viii. pl. 5. f. 3. Hab. Alabama, United States. A rather sharply subulate transparent-olive shell, en- circled throughout with a red-brown line. Species 460. (Mus. Morelet.) Metania pxiGua. Mel. testd ovato-turritd, Scalariformi, anfractibus sex, subrotundatis, longitudinaliter plicato- costatis, costis juxta suturas evanidis ; apertura parca, rotundato-ovata, labro columellari tenue reflexo. Tue LirrLe Mevania. Shell ovately turreted, Scalaria- like, whorls six, somewhat rounded, longitudinally plicately ribbed, ribs disappearing next the sutures ; aperture small, rotundately ovate, columellar lip thinly reflected. More et, Test. Nov. Amer. Cent. p. 2. Hab. Lac de Flores, Peten, Guatemala; Morelet. Tam unable to describe the colour of this pretty little Scalaria-like species, as all the specimens collected by M. Morelet in the above lake are dead and bleached. Species 461. (Mus. Morelet.) Mepania Cuarreyt. Mel. testé ucuminato-conicd, solidi, minute umbilicatd, luteo-virescente, ad suturas albidd, anfractibus septem ad octo, levibus, ultimo ventricosi- usculo, versus aperturam contracto ; apertura parva, rotundato-ovatd, margine integro, réflexo, utringue sub- sinuato, livido-purpurascente pallidissime tincto. May, 1861. MELANIA.—Puate LVIII. Cuarrey’s Mevanta. Shell acuminately conical, solid, minutely umbilicated, yellowish-green, whitish at the sutures, whorls seven to eight, smooth, rather ven- tricose, contracted towards the aperture; aperture small, rotundately ovate, with the margin entire, re- flected, slightly sinuated above and below, faintly tinged with livid-purple. More ev, Moll. Terr. et Fluv. du Portugal, p. 97. pl. 7. 16 by Hab. Portugal (in the lagunes of Villa Reale and brackish swamps of the Tagus); Morelet. A characteristic solid shell, with a rather contracted aperture, partaking of the forms of Bithinia and Assiminea. The animal, M. Morelet says, affects brackish rather than fresh water, in company with Auricule and certain Palu- dine. Species 462. (Mus. Cuming.) Merania curvicostata. Mel. testd ovato-turritd, livido- olivaced, versus apicem lined rufescente cingulatd, an- Sractibus convexis, longitudinaliter plicato-costatis, cos- tis curvatis, versus aperturam gradatim evanidis ; apertura ovatd, ad basin subeffusi, fauce purpuras- cente. THE CURVED-RIBBED MeLanta. Shell ovately turreted, livid-olive, encircled towards the apex with a reddish line, whorls convex, longitudinally plicately ribbed, ribs curved, gradually fading towards the aperture ; aperture ovate, slightly effused at the base, interior tingea with purple. Antuony, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Florida, United States. “This species,” says Mr. Anthony, to whom it was sent for examination, “is, I think, entirely new, and a beauti- ful one it is, too; call it cwrvicostata.” Species 463. (Mus. Anthony.) MELANIA NIGROSTOMA. Mel. testd conico-ovatd, intus extusque intense purpureo-nigra, anfractibus quingue, plano-declivibus, levibus, ultimo subobeso, medio obtuse angulato ; aperturd ovata. THE BLACK-MouTH Mertania. Shell conically ovate, deep purple-black within and without, whorls five, flatly sloping, smooth, the last rather stout, obtusely angled in the middle; aperture ovate. Antuony, MS. Hab. ? A dense purple-black species, received from Mr. Anthony with the above name, without habitat. Species 464. (Mus. Anthony.) Menania asstmitis. Mel. testé ovata, luteo-olivaced, spira pyramidali-turritd, anfructibus sea, concavo-de- clivibus, levibus, deinde acuté carinatis; apertura ovata, ad basin subeffusd. THE ALLIED Metantia. Shell ovate, yellowish-olive, spire pyramidally turreted, whorls six, concavely slanting, smooth, then sharply keeled ; aperture ovate, slightly effused at the base. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 60. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A delicate yellowish-olive shell, characteristically pyra- midally keeled throughout. Species 465. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA DENSIcostaTa. Mel. testé subulato-turrité, ustulato-olivaced, anfractibus octo ad novem, subpla- nulatis, longitudinaliter dense plicato-costatis, ultimo obtus® angulato; aperturd parviusculd, ovatd, fauce pallidissimé purpurascente. THE THICK-RIBBED MuLaAnta. Shell subulately turreted, burnt-olive, whorls eight to nine, rather flat, longitu- dinally densely plicately ribbed, the last obtusely angled; aperture rather small, ovate, interior very faintly tinged with purple. Hab. Florida, United States. This interesting little species is of the same type as AZ. curvicostata, just described, but the ribs are stout and com- paratively straight, ending abruptly on an obtuse angle of the last whorl. or Melania Pl. L1X. 467 409 b Vincent Brooks, Inxp MELANIA. Puate LIX. Species 466. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA STRIATULA. Mel. testd turritd, livido-olivaced, anfractibus septem, plano-convexis, transversim striatis, longitudinaliter plicato-costatis ; apertura ovatd, colu- mella subcontorto-producta. THE FINELY STRIATED Menania. Shell turreted, livid- olive, whorls seven, flatly convex, transversely striated, longitudinally plicately ribbed; aperture ovate, co- lumella rather twistedly produced. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. viii. pl. 6. f, 49. Hab. United States. A conspicuously plicately-ribbed species, crossed by fine | linear striz. Species 467. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA PAPILLOSA. fulvo-olivaced, anfractibus quinque, declivi-convewis, deinde carinatis, longitudinaliter subplicatis, trans- Mel. testé subpyramidali-ovata, versim noduloso-liratis ; aperturd ovatd, subampla, ad basin subeffusa. Tue pApILLose Meranta. Shell somewhat pyramidally ovate, fulvous-olive, whorls five, slopingly convex, then keeled, longitudinally faintly plicated, trans- versely nodulosely ridged; aperture ovate, rather large, slightly effused at the base. Antony, MS. Hab. Florida, United States. Distinguished by a papillose sculpture through being crossed with transverse ridges, passing over oblique longi- tudinal folds. Species 468. (Mus. Cuming.) Meanta CamBostensis. Mel. testa fusiformi-turritd, fulvo-stramined, anfractibus sex, superne concavo-angu- latis, deinde inflatis, ad angulum conspicue tuberculatis ; apertura ovatd, ad basin subcanaliculatd, columella contorto-recurvd. Tur Camposta Merranta. Shell fusiformly turreted, fulyous straw-colour, whorls six, concavely angled round the upper part, then inflated, conspicuously tubercled at the angle; aperture ovate, slightly chanelled at the base, columella twistedly recurved. Hab. Cambojia; Mouhot. This interesting new species, collected by the French naturalist and traveller, M. Mouhot, belongs probably to the genus Jo. Species 469. (Mus. Cuming.) Meranta opesa. Mel. testd globoso-ovatd, solidd, fulves- cente, olivaceo-virente obscure fasciatd, spird brevi, subimmersi, anfractibus quingue, declivi-rotundatis, longitudinaliter obsolet® rudé plicatis, ultimo inferné spiraliter liratis et striatis ; aperturd ovatd, ad basin subeffusa. Tue stour Meant. Shell globosely ovate, solid, ful- vous, obscurely banded with olive-green, spire short, rather immersed, whorls five, slopingly rounded, longi- tudinally obsoletely rudely plicated, last whorl spirally ridged and striated round the lower part ; aperture ovate, a little effused at the base. AntHony, MS. Hab. Alabama, United States. A shell of solid growth, which Mr. Anthony returns with the remark, “ This is new to me; it is a fine shell.” Species 470. (Mus. nostr.) MeLanta RETUSA. Mel. lestd suborbiculari, crassiusculd, nigricante-brunned, spird brevi, anfractibus tribus ad guatuor, ultimo peramplo, superné latiangulatis, ad angulum muricato-tuberculatis ; apertura rotundato- ovatd, columella appresse reflexd. THE BLUNT Metania. Shell nearly orbicular, rather thick, black-brown, spire short, whorls three to four, the last very large, broadly angled at the upper part, prickly tubercled at the angle ; aperture rotundately ovate, columella appressly reflected. Hemimitra retusa, Swainson. Hab. Silhet, Bengal. A short globosely inflated shell, of only three to four whorls, coronated with a row of prickly tubercles. Species 471. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA BASALIS. Mel. testa ovald, subventricosa, fulvo- olivaced, fasciis tribus fusco-virentibus interdum cincta, spird brevi, obtuse conicd, anfractibus quatuor, convexo- May, 1861. MELANIA.—Puate LIX. declivibus ; apertura ovat, subampli, ad basin sub- sinuatd, columelld appresse reflexd. Tur BASAL MELANIA. Shell ovate, somewhat ventricose, fulvous-olive, sometimes encircled with three fuscous- green bands, spire short, obtusely conical, whorls four, convexly sloping; aperture ovate, rather large, slightly sinuated at the base, columella appressly re- flected. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. x. pl. 9. f 33. Hab. Alabama, United States. An ovately conical shell, of four slopingly convex in- flated whorls. Species 472. (Mus. Cuming.) MpLANIA SEMIGRADATA. Mel. testd pyramidali-conica, fulvo-olivaced, fascid virente cingulatd, anfractibus guingue ad sex, plano-declivibus, inferné acute cari- natis, primis paucis longitudinaliter plicatis, anfractu ultimo bicarinato ; apertura ovatd, ad basin subeffusd. THE SEMIGRADATE MELANIA. Shell pyramidally conical, | fulvous-olive, encircled with a green band, whorls five to six, flatly sloping, sharply keeled round the lower part, first few whorls longitudinally plicated, last whorl double-keeled ; aperture ovate, a little effused at the base. Hab. Alabama, United States. A striking new species, in which the whorls are double- keeled at the periphery, the lower keel being hid in all but the last whorl by the overlapping of one whorl upon another. Species 473. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANIA LACHRYMA. Mel. testa@ conico-ovatd, crassi, fulvo-olivaced, nigro multilineatd, anfractibus quingue, superne declivi-convexis, deinde gibbosis et obtuse tuber- culatis, longitudinaliter undique plicato-striatis ; aper- turé angusté ovatd, parviusculd, ad basin sinuato- effusda. Tue TEAR Mexanta. Shell conically ovate, thick, ful- vous-olive, encircled with numerous black whorls five, slopingly convex round the upper part, then gibbous, and obtusely tubercled, longitudinally plicately striated throughout; aperture narrowly ovate, rather small, sinuately effused at the base. Antuony, MS. Hab. United States. lines, A prettily painted species, of a rude obtusely tubercled form. MELANTA. Plate. Species. Plate. Species abbreviatay -Anthe ec cn ease: dole 4.24. baculus; Reeve. .....-...<..-. XVID 130 abruptay led sn sc.c verses mes Oulde 397 baculum; 4nths J... .206-. Ne 431 ANSCLU MEA Niecy y= cists cei ee oe 395 balteata, Reeve ............ XX. 144 lyachah, JEU eins ap eeeiok aera XLVI. 341 basalisse/ica sia eer eer LIX. 471 ACANUNICH Les tos scare otic cie, o DOLE 180 Batesils Peeve! amano rer tater stc rai SOONG 203 ACICULAMIS wep CH fiee cr sycysssyaae c/a crej te SONU 209 bella Conner cere eee XXXVIII. 269 Ca ni: VCR ele near Ni: 26 bellicosa; Hands ....-25 226-14 XXVI. 180 ACUS LCD are. deve cisaneisieratie onic | RAMUS 92 [ONG IHT! Gooaasnancou Whe 96 ACUULAMPHCR Wetyey, aicusis dna oeleay ONOUING 274 bicinctaye47tierraie ssc eee Vic 327 ACULISSIMAWOUSCH xc... ac 20 oe 0X 57 bicolor; Antha 5.22 eee) XXXVI 9265 GACUStAs ANUieamss es wicks ore. NNO 338 bicolor: YO a ceseaehe ete eee y gyptiaca, Benson .......... XXXIV. 227 bicostatas Acie rr oreee toe NON VLe 246 SYCAMACEDE Merrie sh 6cs) a ae, Ne 64 biflammata, Reeve .......... XVIL. 124 Op AGA Bae ane oe ONG 234 WE wi Shine ndakaanooee Is 16 ACTESUIS) HCCUE ta vraag ss. e AA 140 Boykanianas: Bea risers eerie et-) Nelle Ti al beSCens wuedne os. ciaca cancae | WILE 42 Branca, RECVes a: ea-eiole Seiasc) MeN 193 GlGOOUtALG A BNOb <.:c)4.c ns «44 « VIL. 35 brevior, Zroschel............ XXX. 197 altipetan Atifin. scsi scuss.2 MS OXTX. 280 Wat) J2N ee Saeddondnoucoe MI\AL 344 amabilis, Busch ...:........ XXXIIT. 223 brevispiras Anthen cesses cts) SOOM 8263 amarula (Helix), Linn. ...... XXYV. 177 IBrOOKel renew act naeieei aie XXXI. 207 ambusta, 2th. .oe6.00h0 0c os XLVII. 352 Brotin Dokrne seat OXI 160 AMPA Aes wie sie) cc cies as XLII. 312 Brum bysyelsea aes eveyete tay ev eeee om MONON EN 277 ANOUAtA ANTM cciree cea ul. 386 yuan eis sandsaoone as LIV. 419 angustispira, dnth........... XLVIII. 359 Budd lea a eet ee ee LAV 324 annulifera, Conr............. XLII. 308 Bullioides, Reeve............ XI. 65 ANGHVACINAwAUSCHiew. cia she «0-0 TAVi 17 Buschiana, Reeve............ X. 50 APIS CEUs oe facie NROVINT 1266 Lyronensis, nounul........... XXVIII. 191 aquatilis, Reeve ......3..... XII. 73 celaturas, Conrad emnnic ociea: XXXVI. 245 arachnoidea, ‘Anth........... XIII. 83 calculus; Peete eyacicie ae cien DOW LUE ual arcticava, Mousson .......... XII. {pi caliginosas Lea, fay: ee ccicte XLI. 293 Arroensis, Reeve ............ IX. 48 Cambojiensis (Jo), Reeve...... LIX. 468 peal, ALS 66 oaeemene CoA UNE, 464 canaliculata,, Sayeciccaeee NUIT: 304 asperata, Manresa. sess ve 1 Le 2 (Gaimike IPS h Ac sonsonoodn uh 63 ASPCISAMBNCCUC PE eeiciscs es. NUTVE 325 cancellata, Benson .......... XIV. 96 QSPIANS; IAG! eels isi nos sais) Dee 53 carbonata, Reeve............ XIII. 88 athletaweA tine ts cj ictigcrars ? . OM LL, 258 Canimiterass ama aaer etre XXXIX. 273 attenuata, dnth............. LVI. 438 carino-costata, Zea.......... XLV. 333 Auriculeformis, Zea ........ LILI. 409 Casta wantin eraser ree a Lie 381 atral(Bule)eRIchs, eiceece se XXL. 195 Gastaneas Anthea rete iat: XLVI. 337 aurita (Wer.), Miill........... XXVIII. 190 Calenariay Sayer rtrercleveirraers XLV. 326 AnistralisseAceoGucr: ci, < suekieie oe NULIETE 82 catenoides; Lea” 3c.s.6...-.. MD. 298 Celebensis, Quoy..........--- Charpentieri, Dunk... Charreyi, Morelet .......... chocolatum, Brot CimeliumseAeevenae nei teres CINCHASRUCZ een tos ete ie cinnamomea, Anth.. . cireumstriata, Wetec. circumsuleata, Busch... . cinerea, Morelet .... circincta, Lea ...... Clarkei, Lea claveeformis, Anth. COarchatasUaiiamerer eicciciee ce cochlidium, Zea ............ cognata, Anth. collistricta, Reeve... . columellaveieaneapesier stores Commersoni, Morelet ........ comma; Conmad 00) 2. ewe a COMpactay Antes aa aye ae sete CONICA, SAY eae aa eer diide, WOW 5 a ba bb odes ac CONFUSE MOLES pyre ete !-sers, cies. 2 CONDECAAGISLe7 =e ey je iseh- ae corneola, Anth. ............ cornuta, Lea ....... coronata, Kiister..... coronilla, Anti, oe..ceac sens corolla, Gould. corporosa, Gould..... comugatas an) 620.2 see a0 corvina, Morelet ..... COSTE, QHUP ob ooaeasdeaeos costellaris, Zea ..... costifera, Hald. ..... Cosuulatase/comnines 6 ene cosfulata, Zea ....... CT ASSO, MEAYLCVSS Utes slate) oe silos crassilabrum, Reeve.......... Crebras ledires ee =< + erebricostata, Lea crenatella, Lea crenifera, Lea ...... 2.250000 erenulata, Chemn. crepidinata, Reeve .. cristata, Anth....... Cubaniana, D’O7d... 2.2.0... cubicoides, Anth..... Cumingil, Lea.......... MELANIA.—INDEX. XII. LVIIL. XXII. xe VIL. L. XXXI. XXX. XXXV. XL. XLVIII. LI. Vv. Vale IAAL, XXII. LVI. XXXYV. XV. XLVI. XXXVII. XIV. V. XXXIV. LVIII. XXV. XXXIV. LIV. XLIX. XI. III. XIX. WAL XIV. LVI. XXXIX. XLVIII. XXXIV. XXXIII. XXIII. XLIX. LVIII. XXIV. Vi XVII. LI. XLVIIL. LVI. We Species. 26 76 461 160 52 35 379 205 201 235 289 356 396 22 27 458 158 441 237 107 343 252 91 26 233 456 176 234 418 366 68 10 135 28 98 440 272 360 233 221 162 374 457 169 26 120 413 358 445 23 Cumingii (Pachychilus), Lea .. Curreyana, Lea ..... Git Meldhh asoonscobuos curvicostata, Anth......... curvilabris, Anth. cuspidata, Auth........... cylindracea, Conrad dactylus, Zea ....... scoters daturayeoh771 seein decollata, Zam. decorataye47thae ee ee A decora, Hea kee ss ccs Dembea, Riippell......... Glatt, AHis Sa baaunocaad densicostata, Reeve.......... denticulata, Lea ......... depyeiss Say) nuiarstete sey: Deshayesiana, Reeve Weshavesiine cereale diadema, Lea .........-. dislocata, Ravenel obbbu, JAAS soo bonodonoo ebenum, Lea .. Edgariana, Lea ............ elatawAntit acre acters ae elegans; :BEUSO/a marie secre is elegantula;4nthis a... see 6 6 «ele elevataySayier -rtemy acme rsync elongata, fea 5... ......- COURS VAGAGE ssa ooeccooaae episcopalis, Zea ......... HrebuswwAcenem amen cee Etowahensis, Lea excavata, Anth. exiouay Vor elerapaer rites el Galt, Jett Socodeusuce GIineL, AL souonsacoud expansa, Wea iy- rte leis CXUStOWERCEDE aan tes erento fasciolata, Lamarck ...... fasctata, Menke ......... ; fastipiabayed t/a ss lecrscaieleles fastigiella, Reeve ......... Feejeensis, Reeve......... Wma JWT” aheononaces ferruginea, Lea figurata, Hinds ......... iit, JEG ch sc oso cnoode flammulata, Busch ....... NA JE0U ann onocnoo6 Plate. XXI. XL. XLVI. LVILM. XLIIT. 10. XXXII. XII. XXXVI. XLI. XXII. XXXVI. LVIII. XXXII. XLIX. XXXIX. XLV. XXY. by, XXVILI. XLVII. IVE XLV. XXVI. XLVII, LVI. XLII. XXXIV. Il. XII. L. LVIII. XLVIII. LI. LIV. XXVIII. XXVI. IT. XXI. Species. 149 286 345 462 378 283 311 7 213 78 251 292 161 250 465 211 373 278 330 174 380 187 350 430 331 178 346 442 305 234 12 75 426 385 460 363 408 425 74 floricoma, Reeve Floridensis, Reeve foenaria, Reeve. . fontinalis, Philippi .......... Horemani ea a eee LOLINOSAS PANEL Haney eres Horiuneieeeere: wc < onte aerate forulatasy Weeveln 6. oc n+ ncccek fuloidary Reeve) fic taee a « fuleurans, Hinds... 5.0.02. fuliginosa, Lea funebralis, Anth Fuscay GCMs foc 5.6 a ove.as PermManas eA ihe «sie yeray-151- Gassiesii, Reeve ............ pemella,pMecves 5+ oo .ai5 gemmulata, Reeve ....... glans, Busch lara pedeny ape mere sb aieyesas, 15) glandulay Anths {2 0-<....6 a8 glaphyra, Morelet ....... PlAUCA WANG M rerscis a-cfry ses os Gouldiana, Reeve............ oracillimayrAnthnenns <<. c.e »- gracilior, Auth. BUACINIS Hedonist sinclar « pradatia, Anthicrne sits sles 3 = s- eranifera,, Buschi 2c os. 2 5. granum, Busch graphium, Morelet .......... (Athi v2 Oro De AO Ae I Bravida, Anthe ac... 2s es BUISEA ANU ee wel ayciaye sale) sora) » grossa, Anth: ose 05s +s « Guineensis, Reeve hippocastanum, Brot histrionica, Reeve............ Hollandri, Férussac........-- hybridasednthyaee ee. sss 5 ac fusco-cincta, Anth........... iRlaletanasHea eta. ery ales 3, 12. Plena ANihemae eee = polygonata, Lea .... pontificalis, Busch porracea, Reeve ....... porcata, Jonas...... . Rontellinelea. acti 2 aehe rene IPOFOSIENSIS$WLCG is) = eeeiete onto te prasinata, Conrad ........... proscissa, duth... .. proxima, Say pulcherrima, Anth. ... jours JER. 6 CS oe oben oboe pulchellay Anthea aeeie pulchraleB Use) veer renee a1) pumila, Zea......... punctulata, Grateloup . Plate. XXVI. XXI. LVI. LI. XXVIII. XXVI. XXXVII. XII. XVI. XXI. LIV. XXXIII. TLV). XVIII. VIII. LIX. XXXVITI. ne XI. XLVIL. if XVI. XVI 1 XV. IX. XL, XLVII. XVIII. 1p LUI. IL. Ki VII. LVI. Ill. TI. LOGUE, V. LV. KLE Toi SOnVIle XXXIX, XXVL XXXVILI. XLVI. IY, LVIL. XV. Species 181 146 448 405 191 182 260 72 iL 153 416 220 417 131 38 467 255 285 pupoides>: dnthers- re-set es pyramidalis, Morelet pyramis, Benson .... DYramis, BUschile,. asters pyrenella, Conrad ... Rangii, Deshayes rarinodosa, Anth. ... RECLAME athe ate ies = Reirvardii, De Haan ........ reticulata, Lea...... retusa (Hemimitra), Swainson. . MHOMbICASEANEMs «02.25. 05 shee TIGI A ANE vere. c cstcsa cic « op-18)s rimata, Reeve ...... Riquetiy Grats. .... MOVALAWPACEUE ceils wre ac ene rubicunda, Reeve... . rudens, Reeve ...... MUCISHeLCO ese e ss rufescens, Lea...... rustica, Mousson .... rusticola, Busch... . . Saffordii, Zea ...... Sallei, Reeve ....... Samoensis, Reeve... . steheleneieecs SCAT AN EPUSS tele io cc = «+ <0 seabrella, Anth...... scopulus, Reeve... .. Schiedeana, Phil. ... Schomburgki, Han’. sculptilis, Reeve sculpta, Souleyet.... semicancellata, Busch semicarinata, Say ... semigranosa, Busch. .......++ semigradata, Reeve . . soy a semiplicata, Feéruss.. . setosa, Swainson .........+4. Shastaensis, Lea... . Showalteri (Lithasia) siccata, Busch...... simplex, Say....... SGA a. «3 SIMENSISs LeCeUCuae ee artelere..) ays1si2 siphonata, Reeve .... sobria, Lea solida, Lea solida (Lithasia), Lea Sooloensis, Reeve... . SOLGIG ase CQ ares aca aus) otc lore) one spadicea, Reeve . MELANIA.—INDEX. X. XII. XL. XXVIII. XXXVIII. VIII. 1M i LIX. XLVI. XXXVITII. XIV. XXIV. XLII. XXXI. XXXIII. XXIV. XXXIX. IV. XVIII. XLVIIT. XIX. XI. XXVI. LL. XXII. XV. XIV. XXI. XXIV. NDE XLIX. XXIV. LIX. XXIX. XXVII. XLIV. LIV. XXXIV. XXI. XII. XX. Ayal LVI. LIV. Wid: LVII. XIX, Species, 249 25 51 86 sparsinodosa, Busch speciosa, AdQmsina aniealsie 4 - spinulosa, Lamarch.......... spurea, Lea...... striatula, Lea strigosa, Zea..... Strobilusn-eevesi.c eels stygia, Say subangulata, Anth. subcarinata, Anth. .......... subeylindracea, Lea..... subimbricata, Phil. sublirata, Conrad. . subsolidas Hea acneeciee eerie subsuturalis, Metc........... RHUER WEA oo ca du chine neo subularis, Zea.... sugillata, Reeve ............ symmetrica, Hald. teeniolata, Anth. .. Taitiana, Lea Tamsii, Dunker... CECLA LANL etary eee cette tenebrocincta, Anth.......... tenebrosa, Lea. ... tenera, Anth. .... terebra, Benson ...........4- tencoras Buschiner ers cree testudinaria, Busch tessellata, Lea.... textilosay Antion me aecieeeeiae thiarella, Lamarck .......... Timorensis, Reeve . Tirouri, Férus3............- Pornatella, Gen... .+....+. 06 TOP GuaL A, BUSCH eterna tortaear rere Torulosane4n7ie see ere eee ee NA Z LT ng alan aela pep aot transversa, Reeve............ tiipartita, Reeve 2... J. ...5.- tristis, Reeve... .. trivittata, Reeve .. Troostiana, Lea. ..s-5+. sen. truncata, Lamarck tuberculata, A7iller tuberculata, Lea ............ tuberculosa, Raug ........ turriculus, Lea tympanotus, Desh, ...:..22.4- Plate. XXXI. XXVIT. XXII. XLVI. LIX. XLIV. XXXII. LIT. XXXVI. XL. LIL. XXX. XLVI. XLI. XXXII. XI. LIV. XLIV. XLV. LI. LVI. XV. XXXVII. XXXVILI. LVI. LIL. XI. IX. XXI. XXIV. LI. XXV. XIU. Vv. XXIV. XI. L. XLIX. LY. XXIX. XLVIIL. XVII. LIV. XLV. XXIX. XIII. LIV. XXVIII. XVI. XXVIII. Species. 208 1S4 156 340 466 320 214 4.00 242 282 399 199 339 299 212 62 4.28 319 328 392 444 106 253 271 443 407 59 45 154 172 391 175 79 26 173 59 377 370 429 196 364 121 420 329 195 87 4.22 191 113 190 MELANIA.—INDEX, Plate. Species. Plate. Species. WAGE JHAGE Gogeeccccenes IN 435 versipellis, Anth....... LVI. 436 undosas Antibes. 2 -cee ee Liviu 447 VEStitas COM GOs ie teunetee rate XLIV. 322 UNMULELA, SAY % hele) «jo. 12/= 4212 XLII. 307 WAGE 10s no apsdoasasncs Nihil 291 umitormis; Quo. ..--.. >= XIV. 95 Virginica (Bucc.), Gmelin... .. XLIV. 321 unisulcata, Reeve..........-- IDG, 44 virgulata; Méruss! 32. asc... 2. , NOV: 109 WEIGEL, Alas po geet ond aC XLITI. 317 WuiGhibyezi7s Soogdeccnoana LO. 243 Vanuxemiana, Dea .........- LVII. 452 Vibtatas eAntie sole ee eel le niciee) ) OXONO VU 262, vaniabilis, Bensow .......---- OO 204 undulata, Say....... PEI, Nee XLII. 307 varicosa, Troschel..........- IIL. 10 Wrallaceteiteeves) csiisccioe ce atl 66 varicosa, Ward .......- LY. 436 WWarderiana, “eae ses ceee ae XLVII. 353 Venezuelensis, Dunk. ........ XIT. 81 Winteri, Busch. ........ XXII. 157 TAMIA, UAH ono onoeesepoas. |» NIDIMNE 315 ZONALADENSOT ere tereiesretneeiere XXXII. 217 verrucosa, Hinds............ XXIV. 168 ERRATA. Pl. III. Sp. 9. M. ferrea, Reeve—add as synonym M. Pl. XXVI. Sp. 181. M. orientalis, Adams—add as sy- 12, — 1p a Pl. — Pl Pl. = Pi. — 1b — 12 = Pl. — Pl. a) Pi. a 1k PL. Pi. bicolor, Brot (not of Anthony). V. Sp. 26. M. crenulata, Chemn.—add as synonyms M. porcata, Jonas, and M. confusa, Dohrn. . VI. Sp. 31. For MW. canaliculata, Reeve—read M. Soo- loensis, Reeve, the name being already used by Say. VIL. Sp. 34. I. Mindoriensis, Lea—add as synonyms M. obscura, Brot, and M. litigiosa, Brot. VII. Sp. 35. M. cincta, Lea—add as synonym J. albo-vittata, Brot. TX. Sp. 46. The shell here figured under the name of M. terebra, Busch (not of Benson), has yery much the appearance of being asmooth state of JZ. costata, Quoy, which is Mr. Lea’s I. hastula. IX. Sp. 48. For 1. acuta, Lea (for which species see Pl. XXXTV. Sp. 274)—read 7. Arroensis, Reeve. XIII. Sp. 85. For MW. ineisa, Reeve—read M. biflam- mata, Reeve, described at Pl. XVII. Sp. 124. . XIII. Sp. 87. I. tuberculata, Miiller—add as synonym M. punctulata, Grateloup. XIV. Sp. 90. For M. searabus, Reeve—read M. nigrita, Poey. XIV. Sp. 94. For WM. wnisuleata, Reeve (already used for Sp. 44)—read WM. rimata, Reeve. XVIII. Sp. 127. MW. Largillierti, Philippi—add as sy- nonym M. rusticola, Busch. XXI. Sp. 153. For MW. pallidula, Reeve—read MW, pal- lens, Reeve. XXII. Sp. 160. IZ. Broti, Dohrn—add as synonym M. chocolatum, Brot. XXIV. Sp. 170. For M. lyrata, Menke—read M. lirata, Benson, and add as synonym M. vineata, Troschel. Pl. XXIV. Sp. 172. I. rudis, Lea—add as synonyms MZ. 16 tessellata, Lea, and M. microstoma, Lea. XXIV. Sp. 173. For M. Tornatella, Lea—read M. Ri- quetii, Grateloup, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bordeaux, vol. xi. pl. 5. f. 28; and add as synonyms M. Tornatella, Lea, M. nana, Lea, M. harpula, Dunker, and M. sculpta, Souleyet. Pi. Pi. Pl. TAL Pl. Pl. 1b ae PI Pl. ea PL PE faa PL. 1215 nonym MM. hippocastanum, Brot. XXVIII. Sp. 191. M. tuberculosa—add as synonyms M. Rangii, Desh., and M. Byronensis, nonnul. XXIX. Sp.193. For M. Branca, Reeve—read M. aqua- tilis, Reeve, described at Pl. XIT. Sp. 73. XXX. Sp. 200, M. fusca, Gmelin—add as synonym M. Matoni, Gray. XXX. Sp. 201. For M. searabus, Reeve—read M. cir- cumsuleata, Busch, Malak. Blitter, 1858, p. 16. XXXII. Sp. 213. M.datwra, Dohrn. For the “oiven” Melania—read the Thorn-Apple Melania. XXXIX. Sp. 275 and 279. Mr. Anthony informs me that the shells here described and figured for M. ~ proxima, Say, and M. rufescens, Lea, from specimens so labelled in Mr. Cuming’s collection, are not the true species. XL. Sp. 282. For M. subearinata Anth.—read I. hy- brida, Anth., and add M. subcarinata, Anth. (not of Gray), as synonym. XL. Sp. 290. For WM. picta, Lea (not of Hinds)—read M. picturata, Reeve. XLITI. Sp. 309. The shell here described and figured is a variety of Sp. 448, JZ. ovalis, Lea. For the true WM. olivula, Conrad, see Pl. LVIT. Sp. 455. XLII. Sp. 311. I. eylindracea, Conrad—add as sy- nonym MM. oppugnata, Lea. XLVIII. Sp. 359. For I. angusta, Anth.—read M. angustispira, Anth. XLIX. Sp. 367. For M. nigrina, Lea—read M. ni- grostoma, Anth. ; LIX. Sp. 470. For IL. retusa, Swain—read M. Stepha- nus, Benson, Journ. Asiat. Soe. Calcutta, vol. v. p. 747, and add as synonyms Melania coronata, Busch, and Paludomus Stephanus, Reeve. Erratum in genus Anculotus. Anculotus nuperus, Say, is described and figured for Ancu- lotus lima, Conrad, and vice versa. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS HE Noe Sel SNS: “As a stranger give it welcome.” Shakspeare . | He £ Pe ROP AI ob Hemisinus PL I. 5b Vincent Brooks, har Sowerby, del et ith HEMISINUS. IPTAT ET: Genus HEMISINUS, Sveainson. Testa nunc globosa nune elongata, plerumque solidiuscula, olivacea, sep? spiraliter rufo-punctata, anfractibus vel levibus vel liratis, Apertura ad basin emarginata, columella plus minus calloso-contorta et truncata. Shell sometimes globose, sometimes elongated, generally rather solid, olive, often spirally red-dotted, whorls smooth or ridged. Aperture notched at the base, columella more or less callously twisted and trun- cated. It is chiefly to the assiduity of Professor Behn, of Kiel, during the voyage of the Danish man-of-war ‘ Galatea,’ that we are indebted for the discovery of an assemblage of Melaniade, presenting a speciality of character which had been indicated by Mr. Swainson some years ago in a single odd species. In searching about the district of Per- nambuco, among the tributaries of the Amazon, he found the Melaniade to be all more or less distinguished by a notched base and callously twisted columella; and we have availed ourselves of the specimens communicated by him to Mr. Cuming, to raise the genus Hemisinus to a rank of more importance in the family. Of the twenty-six species comprised in this genus, a few have been described, by Lea, Moricand, Gray, and Poey, as Melanie, but more than half of them are new. All the Hemisini are from Brazil or Venezuela, except- ing a few species partaking little of the typical characte- ristics of the genus. Two small species inhabiting the Seychelle Islands come into the group and three from Illyria, Java, and Borneo. Species 1, (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HEMISINUS PUNCTATUS. Hem. testé ovato-turbinatd, subventricosd, luteo-olivaced, rufo sparsim transverse punctatd, anfractibus septem ad octo, levibus, spirali- ter lineari-sulcatis, sulcis medianis plus minus obso- letis ; aperturd ovata, columelldé calloso-excavata et contortd. THE porrep Hemistnus. Shell ovately turbinated, some- what ventricose, yellowish-olive, sparsely transversely dotted with red, whorls seven to eight, smooth, spi- rally linearly grooved, middle grooves more or less obsolete ; aperture ovate, columella callously exca- vated and twisted. Hab. Pernambuco. A rather ventricose shell, covered with a shining, obso- letely-grooved, yellowish-olive epidermis, and sprinkled promiscuously at rather distant intervals with transversely- dashed red dots. Species 2. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hemisinus sprcinctus. Hem. testd turriculatd, solidi- usculd, olivaced, fasciis duabus castaneis angustis dis- tantibus cingulatd, anfractibus octo, superne concavo- declivibus, deinde convexo-planis, liris spiraliter un- dique funiculatis, interstitiis excavatis ; apertura par- viusculd, labro superné sinuato, columellad rigidé cur- vata. TH TWO-BANDED Hemtsinus. Shell turriculated, rather solid, olive, encircled with two narrow, distant chest- nut bands, whorls eight, coneavely sloping round the upper part, then convexly flattened, spirally corded throughout with ridges, the interstices between which are excavated ; aperture rather small, lip sinuated at the upper part, columella rigidly curved. Hab, Brazil. It is somewhat doubtful whether this is distinct from HT. Brasiliensis, represented at Fig. 5a, 6. It is of rather solid growth, very regularly corded throughout, and en- circled with two characteristic chestuut bands, little seen externally through the epidermis, but plainly shown in the interior. Species 3. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hemisinus Buccinoipes. Hem. testa fusiformi-turbi- natd, versus basin ventricosd, luteo-fuscd, rufo spirali- ter interrupte lineata, anfractibus septem ad octo, le- vibus, superne declivi-impressis, ultimo medio gibboso ; apertura ovatd, columella superné callosd, inferné cal- loso-contorta. Tue BuccrNuM-LIkE HEmIsINus. binated, ventricose towards the base, yellowish-brown, Shell fusiformly tur- whorls seven to eight, smooth, slopingly impressed round the upper part, last whorl gibbous round the middle; aperture ovate, columella callous at the upper part, callously twisted below. Hab. Jamaica ? January, 1860, HEMISINUS.—Ptate I. The bulging out of the last whorl of this species gives it a Buccinum-like outline, while the columella is more callous and twisted than usual. It is interruptedly fil- leted throughout with unevenly faint reddish lines. Species 4. (Fig. a, Mus. V. d. Busch. Cuming.) Fig. 6, Mus. Hemisinus Lingonatus. Hem. testd subulato-turbinatd, solidiusculd, luteo-olivaced, cinereo-ceruleo latifas- ciatd, lineis rufipunctatis undique cingulatd, anfracti- bus octo, plano-conveuis, ultimo gibboso-rotundato ; aperturé ovata, fauce rufo-castaned, columella calloso- arcuatd. FINELY-LINEATED Hemisinus. Shell subulately tur- binated, rather solid, yellowish-olive, broadly banded with ash-blue, and encircled throughout with red- dotted lines, whorls eight, flatly convex, the last gib- bously rounded; aperture ovate, reddish-chestnut within, columella callously arched. Melania lineolata, Gray, Griffith’s Cuvier’s Anim. King. pl. 13. f. 4. Hab. Venezuela. THE | Hemisinus BrasILiEnsts. | Tue Brazitran HemisInus. Closely typically allied to the preceding species, though of very different specific character. It has the same en- circling painting of red-dotted lines. Species 5. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hem. testa turriculatd, soli- diusculd, olivaced, fasciis tribus castaneis punctisque rufis linearibus transversis cingulatd, anfractibus octo, undique confertim spiraliter lineari-sulcatis ; apertura subangusté ovata, columella rigidé arcuatd. Shell turriculated, rather solid, olive, encircled with three chestnut bands, and with transverse, linear, red dots, whorls eight, closely spirally linearly grooved throughout ; aperture rather narrowly ovate, columella rigidly arched. Melanopsis Brasiliensis, Moricand, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. de Genéve, vol. vii. p. 38. pl. 3. f. 12, 13. Hab. Brazil. Rather solid and erect, grooved and banded throughout, and freely encircled with the transverse red dots which are typical of most of the species of the locality. aan Lane r sn Uy yn Hones 0 mn ihe ft ea Hemistrus PLL. dd HEMISINUS. Puate II. Species 6. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HEMISINUS TENELLUS. Hem. testd subulato-turbinatd, tenuiculd, olivaceo-luted, anfractibus octo, convexis, undique lineari-sulcatis ; apertura ovata, columella te- nue calloso-contorta. THE DELICATE HEMISINUS. Shell subulately turbinated, rather thin, olive-yellow, whorls eight, convex, linearly grooved throughout ; aperture ovate, columella thinly callously twisted. Hab. Pernambuco. A shell of slight substance, finely linearly grooved throughout, with the appearance of being scarcely mature. Species 7. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hemisinus Epwarpsit. Hem. testdé angusteé turriculata, olivaceo-luted, anfractibus novem ad octo, superné ob- tusé angulatis, deinde planatis, liris confertis undique funiculatis, suturis subcanaliculatis ; apertura parvd, subquadrato-ovatd, labro superné conspicue sinuato et emarginato, columelld incurva, basi subtruncatda. Epwarps’s Hemrisinus. Shell narrowly turriculated, olive-yellow, whorls nine to ten, obtusely angled round the upper part, then flattened, corded with close-set ridges throughout, sutures slightly chan- nelled ; aperture small, somewhat squarely ovate, lip conspicuously sinuated and notched at the upper part, columella incurved, slightly truncated at the base. Basistoma Edwardsii, Lea, Obs. vol. v. p. 52. pl. 30. f. 1. Hab. Pernambuco. This is the species of which an uncoloured copy of Mr. Lea’s figure was given at Fig. 8, in the second Plate of Pirena, wnder an impression that it belonged to the Mela- natria division of the Melaniade. Its place is clearly with Hemisinus. There are several fine specimens in the col- lection of the British Museum. Species 8. (Fig. @ to f, Mus. Cuming.) Hemisinus Beunit. Hem. testa elongato-turritd, solidi- usculd, luteo-olivaced, interdum tenebrosd, punctis rufis linearibus aspersa, anfractibus octo ad decem, declivi- planatis, levibus, versus aperturam spiraliter sulcatis, ultimo interdum superné concavo-angulato ; apertura subanguste ovatd, columella calloso-contorta. Benn’s Hemisinus. Shell elongately turreted, rather solid, yellowish-olive, sometimes darker, sprinkled with linear red dots, whorls eight to ten, slopingly flattened, smooth, spirally grooved towards the aper- ture, last whorl sometimes concavely angled round the upper part ; aperture rather narrowly ovate, colu- mella callously twisted. Hab. Pernambuco. The specimens figured of this interesting species were collected by Professor Behn, of Kiel, together with most of the Hemisini figured in this Monograph, during the voyage of the Danish man-of-war ‘ Galatea; and I have great pleasure in naming it after him. January, 1860. | a i r be i it cf 7 | 7 a ; ot wi f - ‘. Aus. ts ati errs wee: ‘ * >) a ae oi chnee et miata +/ Theat meaner att A py | dhe oni nie Gree ner pid heh eG - moet sini. Suid < @e aa 4 =a seautes Airy > ; ¥ al —? bons _ ~ ieee ie = . + goa me Dine =f a sy oun m+ oat 7 ow ae A 7 a ee a hele farsi ® La rah are on wea apt ae ton be pa > aber ay see a ah an We Ve ase i ees te oi, — / oe ee . chan 7 LA hp oe 2 a V0 a rerby, dél.et lith Hernistnus Pl. HL. 106 HEMiLS DPNUS. Pruate III. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) HeEMIsINUS DERMESTOIDEA. Jem. testd oblongo-cylin- dracea, levigatd, tenebroso-castaned, ad suturas luteold anfractibus sex, plano-convexis ; apertura ovata, colu- mellaé arcuato-contorta. Tue DerMestes-Like Hemistnus. Shell oblong eylin- drical, smooth, dark-chestnut, yellowish at the su- tures, whorls six, flatly convex; aperture ovate, co- lumella arcuately twisted. Melania dermestoidea, Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 181. Hab. Seychelle Islands. Mr. Lea observes of this little cylindrical species, ‘“ the most marked character is the notched channel of the base.” It is this which gives it a claim to a place in the genus Hemisinus. Species 10. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hemisinus asprersus. Hem. testa ovatd, subventricosa, semipellucido-olivaced, castaneo trifasciatd, punctis rufis linearibus undique teniald, anfractibus quinque, obsolete sulco-striatis, ultimo subinflato; apertura ovatd, via canaliculata. THE SPRINKLED Humtsinus. Shell ovate, slightly ven- tricose, semi-transparent, olive, encircled with three chestnut bands, filleted throughout with linear red dots, whorls five, obsoletely groove-striated, the last somewhat inflated; aperture ovate, scarcely chan- nelled. TTab. Brazil. This little species possesses the generic basal channelling of Hemisinus, but only in a very slight degree. Species 11. (Hig. a, Mus. Cuming, Fig. 6, Mus. V. d. Busch.) Hemisinus strietuatus. Lem. testa elongato-turritd, tenebroso-olivaced, anfractibus octo ad decem, declivi- planatis, iaevibus, obscure crispato-striatis, ultimo convexo ; apertura lunari-ovald, ad basin truncatd, columellé tenué contorta. THE CHANNELLED HemIsINUs. reted, dark-olive, whorls eight to ten, slopingly flat- tened, smooth, obscurely crisp-striated, last whorl Shell elongately tur- January, convex ; aperture lunar-ovate, truncated at the base, columella thinly twisted. Melania strigilata, Dunker, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. pl. 2. f. 14. Hab. Brazil. The aperture is more than usually truncated at the base, and the columella is peculiar in not showing any callous contortion except at the basal extremity. Species 12. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HEMISINUS OLIVACEUS. subobtusi, solidd, luteo-olivaced, fasciis duabus latis Hem. testd ovato-turriculatd, tenebroso-castaneis cingulatd, anfractibus paucis, sub- planulatis, undique rudé tuberculato-granatis ; aper- turd anguste ovatd, columella tenue contortd. THe oLive Hemisinus. Shell ovately turriculated, ra- ther obtuse, solid, yellowish-olive, encircled with two broad dark-chestnut bands, whorls few, somewhat flattened, rudely tubercularly grained throughout ; aperture narrowly ovate, columella thinly twisted. Brun, MS. in Mus. Cuming. TTab. Pernambuco. The only species of the genus which has so rough an armature of tubercular grains. Species 13. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HEMISINUS RUGINOSA. olivaced, semipellucidd, liris purpureo-fuscis opacis Hem. testé turriculatd, cinereo- undique cingulatd, anfractibus septem ad octo, con- vexis ; apertura ovata, columella tenue reflead. THE WRINKLED Hemrsinus. Shell turriculated, ash- olive, semi-transparent, encircled throughout with opaque purple-brown ridges, whorls seven to eight, convex ; aperture ovate, columella thinly reflected. Benn, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Tab. Brazil. In this species the transverse red colouring is not in dots, but in decided ridges, giving the shell an appearance of being encireled with rings. Species 14. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) Hemisinus Espert. Hem. testa ovato-conicd, Suscescente, 1860. Puate II1.—HEMISINUS. punetis rufis tessellato-aspersd, anfractibus sex, levibus, declivi-convexis, ultimo oblique subventricosd ; aper- turd oblongo-ovatda, columella tenue reflexd, rufo- purpured. Esprr’s Hemisines. Shell ovately conical, light-brown, tessellately sprinkled with red dots, whorls six, smooth, slopingly convex, the last obliquely subven- tricose ; aperture oblong-ovate, columella thinly re- flected, reddish-purple. Melanopsis Esperi, Férussac, Mém. Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. i. p. 160. n. 10. Hab. Laybach, Illyria. The red dots which characterize this little European species, after the same manner as the Brazilian Hemisini, are not often so apparent as in the specimen figured. yee: Orig ee _ me i y i : an i, ~ ae: 2 Hemisinus £1. IV. HEMISINUS. PriatE IV. Species 15. (Fig. a, 46, Mus. Cuming.) HeEMISINUs PULCHER. em. test@ globoso-turbinatd, ustulato-olivaced, subpellucidd, nigro oblique strigatd, anfractibus paucis, undique confertim spiraliter liratis, | superne marginatis, suturis angusté canaliculatis, an- fractu ultimo ventricoso ; apertura laté ovata, colu- melld late calloso-contortda. Tub BeautiruL Hemisinus. Shell globosely turbina- ted, brownish-olive, somewhat transparent, obliquely streaked with black, whorls few, closely spirally ridged throughout, margin at the upper part with the sutures narrowly channelled, last whorl ventri- cose; aperture broadly ovate, columella broadly cal- lously twisted. Hab. Pernambuco. A bright-coloured, swarthy, yellowish-olive shell, ob- liquely streaked with black, but chiefly characterized by its elegant, shortly turbinated convolution, and close spirally ridged sculpture. Fig. 16. (Fig. 16 a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HEMISINUS CRENO-CARINA. Lem. testd globoso-conoided, solida, nigrescente-castaned, anfractibus quinque, longi- tudinaliter plicato-undatis, ultimo ventricoso-inflato, superne late angulatis, undique spiraliter liratis, lird ad angulum creno-carinatd ; apertura subquadrato- oblongd, ampla, fauce fusca, columellé calloso-con- torta. THE CRENATED-KEEL Hemrsinus. Shell globosely co- noid, solid, blackish-chestnut, whorls five, longitudi- nally plicately waved, the last ventricosely inflated, broadly angled at the upper part, spirally ridged throughout, ridge on the angle crenately keeled; aper- ture somewhat squarely oblong, large, fuscous in the interior, columella callously twisted. Melanopsis creno-carina, Moricand, Mém. Soe. d’Hist. Nat. Geneve, vol. ix. p. 61. Melania cingulata, Jonas. Melania creno-carina, Philippi. Hab. Brazil. This very striking globosely turbinated species differs remarkably in general aspect from any other species of the genus. Species 17. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hemistnus ospesus. Hem. testa ovato-turbinatd, obesd, solidd, ustulato-brunned, immaculatd, anfractibus pau- cis, rotundatis, obsolete spiraliter liratis, suturis cana- liculatis ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, columellé calloso- contorta. Tue stout Hemrsinus. Shell ovately turbinated, stout, solid, burnt brown, unspotted, whorls few, rounded obsoletely spirally ridged, sutures channelled ; aper- ture oblong-ovate, columella callously twisted. Hab. Brazil. A shell of stout solid growth covered with a rich swarthy epidermis, only very obsoletely ridged, and devoid of any marking. Species 18. (Fig. 15, ec, d, Mus. Cuming.) HEMISINUS ZEBRA. Lem. testd subgloboso-ovatd, solidius- cula, obesd, ustulato-luted, castaneo-nigro conspicue longitudinaliter strigatd, anfractibus paucis, levigatis, superne obtuse angulatis, deinde plano-convexis, ultimo ad basin suleato; apertura oblongo-ovatd, labro superneé sinuato, columella calloso-contortd. zpBRA HeEmIsiINuS. Shell subglobosely ovate, rather solid, stout, swarthy yellow, conspicuously longitudi- nally striped with chestnut-black, whorls few, smooth, obtusely angled round the upper part, then flatly convex, last whorl grooved at the base; aperture oblong-ovate, lip sinuated at the upper part, columella callously twisted. Hab. Brazil. The species here described is the very characteristic zebra-striped shell represented at Fig. 15 ¢, d, which it will be seen is quite distinct from that at Fig. 15 a, 4. The shell represented at Fig. 18 a, 4, proves not to be a Hemisinus, but a specimen of Melania siphonata described at Plate XX. Fig. 143. THE January, 1860. Hemisinus Pl. Ve La 206 27a HEMISINUS. PuaTE V. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) HEMIsINUS contractus. Hem. testd subulatd, tenuiculd, pallidé olivaced, anfractibus novem, levibus, declivi- planatis, ultimo rotundato ; apertura parva, columella tenué calloso-contorta. THE CONTRACTED Hemisinus. Shell subulate, rather thin, pale-olive, whorls nine, smooth, slopingly flat- tened, last whorl rounded; aperture small, columella thinly callously twisted. Melania contracta, Lea, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 182. Hab. Seychelle Islands. The columella in this little Seychelle Island species, like H. dermestoidea from the same locality, has quite the twisted columella and notched channel of the larger Bra- zilian species. Species 20. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HEMISINUS ORNATUS. luteo-fuscd, lineis rufis punctato-interruptis undique Hem. testdé subfusiformi-turbinatd, cinctd, anfractibus septem, levibus, conveviusculis, ul- timo subventricoso ; apertura ovata, columella calloso- reflexd. Toe ornate Hemrsinus. Sheli subfusiformly turbi- nated, yellowish-brown, spirally encircled throughout with dot-interrupted red lines, whorls seven, smooth, slightly convex, the last somewhat ventricose ; aper- ture ovate, columella callously reflected. Melania ornata, Poey, Moll. Cuba. Hab. Brazil. The columellar extremity of this species presents a link intermediate between this genus and Medania, being scarcely sufficiently twisted to leave a notch. Species 21. (Fig. 21 a, 4, c, d, Mus. Cuming.) Hemisinus Kocuir. Hem. testd fusiformi-turbinatd, ad basin productd et recurvd, olivaced, fusco plus minus tinctd vel strigatd et punctis rufis aspersd, spird pro- ductd, anfractibus septem ad octo, spiraliter lineari- sulcatis, superné rotundato-gibbosis, inferné contractis, suturis laté canaliculatis ; aperturd ovata, columella calloso-contorta. Kocn’s Hemistnus. Shell fusiformly turbinated, pro- duced and recurved at the base, olive, more or less stained and striped with brown, and sprinkled with red dots, spire produced, whorls seven to eight, spi- rally linearly grooved, rotundately gibbous round the upper part, contracted at the lower, sutures broadly channelled; aperture ovate, columella callously twisted, Melania Kochii, Bernardi, Journ. Conch. vol. v. p. 83. pl. 3. f. 6. Hab. Brazil. Distinguished by a peculiar gibbously fusiform growth, with the extremity produced and slightly reflected. The colouring, it will be seen by the two specimens figured, varies in being either striped with brown upon a yellowish- olive ground, or uniformly stained. Species 22. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) HEMISINUS TENUILABRIS. Hem. testd fusiformi-oblongd, ustulato-olivaced, nigro longitudinaliter strigatd, an- fractibus paucis, levigatis, declivi-planatis, ultimo ad basin contracto et spiraliter sulcato ; aperturd anguste oblongo-ovatd, columella tenue calloso-contorta. Tue THIN-LIP Hxmisinus. Shell fusiformly oblong, swarthy-olive, longitudinally striped with black, whorls few, smooth, slopingly flattened, last whorl contracted and spirally grooved at the base; aper- ture narrowly oblong-ovate, columella thinly callously twisted. Beun, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Brazil. A richly-coloured dark-striped shell, readily distinguish- able by its narrow fusiformly oblong growth. January, 1860. a te) ee rs 7 - Se) AES me AY! ius pees CUA es cae , Ie. fea) © ore ged beeen, 6 P + : t a Mares pene, 6S ae ae f fl } Byes. . i Bien ma lh bint bon ginia) ean rd A aa ost f ‘_¥ ose bf tees oe is | Wigs t 7 > on Be) —) (aya ay a ek ae ets a ees. - : Oa Rae: y ties) cal ? ae , 7 ‘ 1 : y i] - = a Timed pe 7 Preah: Git hibee if COT nye CemGgh 5 e ol ed | a ‘ y¢ ed : a @ % we’) a} _ =" 5 te , e , 1 4 =) * _ 4 . 1 t on , j D,, ; . i P Ve oat ‘ a : 7 rT ¥ -—_ ‘ ( 4, Cas 6 t - ba ¥ ‘ - = ‘ Ai fe iy ity ry ‘ = ni i ‘WE at A get — : u \ f 3 4¥ a > é 2 ary TS o ee. ried Oe , “ + _ ge fs, | 1? 7 - fi — se YyALs tila b - > Hemistnras PL YT. a5 LIM . 26 6b HEMISINUS. Prats VI. Species 23. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hemtsints GuayaguriLensis. Hem. testd abbreviato- ovata, tenebroso-olivaced, nigro transverse maculata, anfractibus perpaucis, levibus, declivi-convevis, ultimo oblique ventricoso ; aperturd ovatd, subampld, colu- mellé late calloso-arcuata. THe Guayvaquint Hemisinus. Shell shortly ovate, dark- olive, transversely spotted with black, whorls very few, smooth, slopingly convex, the last obliquely ven- tricose; aperture ovate, rather large, columella broadly callously arched. Melania Guayaquilensis, Petit, Journ. Conch. vol. iv. p. Sie ple 5. t.6: Hab. Guayaquil. A short, broadly-ovate shell, with a rather open aper- ture, of a dark-olive colour, marked with numerous trans- verse black spots. Species 24. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. V. d. Busch.) HemIsiNus HELENA. nuatd, luteo-viridi, fasciis duabus castaneis cingulata, Hem. testa ovata, utrinque atte- anfractibus quingue ad sea, convexis, concentrice tenui- costatis, costis versus aperturam evanidis, suturis an- guste impressis; aperturd oblongo-ovatd, columella tenue reflexd. Tue Hetena Hemistnus. Shell ovate, attenuated at each end, yellowish-green, encircled with two chest- nut bands, whorls five to six, convex, concentrically finely ribbed, ribs fading towards the aperture, su- tures narrowly impressed ; aperture oblong-ovate, co- lumella thinly reflected. Melanopsis Helena, Meder, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. ii. p. 170. pl. 4. f. 4. Hab. Java. A neatly sculptured species, with a somewhat marine aspect, very distinct in typical character from the rest of the genus. Species 25. (Fig. a to d, Mus. Cuming.) HeMIstnus NiGRIcANS. Hem. testd ovatd, crassa, oli- vaced vel nigricante, anfractibus quingue ad sex, con- vexis, sub lente malleatis et minute crispato-striatis ; aperturd oblongo-ovatd, ad basin profunde emarginata, columella laté incurvd, nigra, ad basin calloso-contorta et truncata. Tue sBiLack Hemisinus. Shell ovate, thick, olive or blackish, whorls five to six, convex, beneath the lens malleated and minutely crisply striated; aperture oblong-ovate, deeply notched at the base, columella broadly incurved, black, callously twisted and trun- cated at the base. Clea nigricans, Adams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 119. Hab. Sarawak, Borneo. A stout open-mouthed shell, in which the generic cha- racters of Hemisinus are exaggerated into an abnormal form, which the Messrs. Adams have considered sufficient to characterize as a separate genus. Species 26. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hemistnus Guioposus. Hem. testd globosd, solidd, fusco- nigricante, anfractibus perpaucis, declivi-rotundatis, undique dense sulcato-striatis ; apertura late ovatd, columella excavatd et calloso-contortd. Tue GLoBosE Hemtsinus. Shell globose, solid, brown- black, whorls very few, slopingly rounded, closely groove-striated throughout ; aperture broadly ovate, columella excavated and callously twisted. Hab. Pernambuco. A solid, globose shell, of rather stout growth, closely groove-striated throughout, in which the columella is un- usually short and excavately callously twisted. January, 1860. ear vein 7 ee ,D of a * | yt @e, x atre Lh. es an] m gLite a ee oa bgt ope sear voor Mow bie tai tie ad hh Ke 5 cep eid © any =! Pe * poh MG ving - ee aide - > ead } ah. ae mi page ant a i — - «= @ 6 io Pies “Whe. a =i) wy aed has 7 re : “a a | iol aad _) 7 S Ge he te Maes, ies i ay AN @ View il ova a url BN. tedhd Ase * eer ws SVE spel i Woke ee ee eo v= a ee 1 pba rly ae Gaim 50 Ges ath. otew lode Dp iy (nt DRY GU tet Diteway9 a . fa GA.) I ett ae 1 oP 7 eg nt sy. st) 5 ae « jie bs = yell rasp) stan 1 600 tet pe err) Ps eo | ae / Sy ae ae aa —- eR w¥ 4 6 ah Clap ipa Lena: eam ae ve _s — tom we ty ; See . Coes a ae | pa ayy =e Anes - a6, ae Pe ~aolp te ah. at of he w B ak _ gotles | Saar + : a oe 7 <9 1 == _ > ieee ey, Ally s » reap: * v= 1 ~~ Coat ra a2 haan bed bg anal 2 ” : eo. >a + ital a iy - —_: # a ied ihe @ 4d ‘oe ie anf «%. ov mies evil wdgg eres) a) Oe 2 aa a . ASPETSUSsRACCUC! aa cvtatstayscictelcie Behnii, Reeve ........ bicinctus, Reeve ............ Brasiliensis (Melanopsis), Moric. Buceinoides, Reeve .......... contractus (Melania), Lea .... creno-carina (J/elanop.), Moric. dermestoidea (Melania), Lea .. Edwardsii (Basistoma), Lea . Esperi (A/elanopsis), Férus... .. Plobosus pAZe0 ein. << ice vials.s Guayaquilensis (Me/ania), Petit Helena (Jelanopsis), Meder. .. Plate. HI. Il. HEMISINUS. 10. | Kochii (Melenia), Bernardi . .. 8 lineolatus (Melania), Gray .... 2 nigricans (Clea), Adams 5 Obesuss eves sae oeea cite Olivaceus, Behn. ..........-. 19 ornatus (Melania), Poey.. .... 16 pulcher, Leeve 9 punctatus, Reeve 7 ruginosus, Behn......... 14 strigilatus (Melania), Dunk 26 tenellus, Reeve . 23 tenuilabris, Behn...........- 24 zebra, Reeve... er... Species. 21 4 25 17 12 20 15 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS AN €C1U3E Ola: “Get you gone, you dwarf, You minimus, of hind’ring knot-grass made; You bead, you acorn.’—Shakspeare. powerby, del, et ith Anenlotus Pl, T. Vincent Brooks, mp AN OUHO RUS: Puate I, Genus ANCULOTUS, Say. Testa subglobosa, interdum conico-turbinata, solida, interdum tenuicula, anfractibus paucis, sepissime levigatis, sepe granatis aut carinatis, columella plus minus callosd, apertura oblongo-ovatd, ad basin plerumque sinuatda. Shell rather globose, sometimes conically turbinated, solid, sometimes rather thin, whorls few, mostly smooth, often grained or keeled, columella more or less cal- lous, aperture oblong-ovate, generally sinuated at the base. The genus Anculotus is little better than a receptacle for the dwarf species of Melaniada, not hitherto separated, as in the case of Melatoma, by any very obvious pecu- liarity. The first twenty-six species of our monograph, forming Plates I. to IIT., are a very natural group, of solid, globose form, sometimes tubercularly grained, but mostly smooth, in which the base of the aperture is either sinuated, or has, at least, some indication of a sinus. The re- | mainder are of a thinner substance, and partake more of the character of Paludina; yet there is still an indication of the sinuated aperture, but it varies, and the species vary much among themselves. The Anculoti are all from the United States, principall y Tennessee, Alabama, Ohio, and Virginia. | Species 1. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) ANCULOTUS NUPERUS. Ane. testd obeso-ovatd, flavescente- | Susci, anfractibus declivibus, medio gibbosis, transversim | verrucoso-tuberculatis, columella basi attenuata, aper- turd trapeziformi. Tae New AncutLorus. Shell stoutly ovate, yellowish- brown, whorls sloping, gibbous in the middle, trans- versely wart-tubercled, columella attenuated at the base, aperture diamond-shaped. Melania nupera, Say, American Conch. pl. 8. f. 1 to 3. Melanopsis semi-granulosa, Deshayes. Hab. Ohio, United States. This shell partakes in a measure of the characters of Melania and Hemisinus as well as of Aneulotus. The nodules have a peculiar transversely stretched wart-like appearance. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCULOTUS CONSANGUINEUS. Aue. testa subgloboso- ovatd, flavescente-olivaced, spird brevi, acuté acumi- natd, anfractibus convexis, levibus, superne tumide ro- tundatis, apertura ovatd, columelld incurvd, basi ar- cuata. Tur reLateD AncuLotus. Shell somewhat globosely ovate, yellowish-olive, spire short, sharply acuminated, whorls convex, smooth, tumidly rounded at the upper part, aperture ovate, columella incurved, arched at the base. Melania consanguinea, Anthony, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 125. pl. 3. f. 26. Hab. Indiana, United States. A globosely ovate shell, with a short but sharply acu- minated spire, and having very much the appearance of a Chilina. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) AncuLotus Gipposus. Aunc, testd globoso-turbinatd, rufo-olivaced, spird pared, anfractibus quatuor, ultimo multo majore, declivi-rotundatis, ad suturas minute plicato-striatis, apertura suborbiculart, appresse in- curvata. THE GipBous AncuLotus. Shell globosely turbinated, rufous-olive, spire small, whorls four, the last much the larger, slopingly rounded, minutely plicately striated at the sutures, aperture nearly orbicular, co- lumella appressly incurved. La, Trans. American Phil. Soc. vol. ix. p. 15. Hab. Tennessee, United States. A small obliquely rounded species, resembling a small variety of the common Periwinkle in general aspect. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) ANncULOTUS FLORENTIANUS. Ane. testd globoso-ovatd, so- lidiusculd, olivaced, obscure fasciatd, anfractibus qua- tuor ad quinque, convewis, levibus, superné obtuse an- gulatis, ad angulum rude nodatis, apertura ovata, co- lumelld appressé attenuata. Tue Fiorentine Ancuxotus. Shell globosely ovate, rather solid, olive, obscurely banded, whorls four to five, convex, smooth, obtusely angled at the upper part, rudely noduled at the angle, aperture ovate, co- lumella appressly attenuated. Melania Florentiana, Lea, Trans. American Phil. Soc. vol. viii. pl. 6. f. 53. Hab. Tennessee River at Florence, Alabama. Coronated with a rude sculpture of blunt nodules, be- low which there is sometimes a faint indication of a second row. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) AncuLotus Lima. Anc. testdé globoso-ovatd, crassa, sub- ponderosa, olivaced, interdum viridi-fasciatd, intus pur- pureo tinctd, spird breviusculd, anfractibus convexis, medio et superné seriatim verrucoso-nodulatis, aper- turd ovata, utringue sinuatd, columella contorta. May, 1860. ANCULOTUS.—Ptare I. Tue Fite Ancunotus. Shell globosely ovate, thick, rather ponderous, olive, sometimes green-banded, purple-stained within, spire rather short, whorls con- vex, encircled round the middle and upper part with rows of wart-like nodules, aperture ovate, sinuated at both ends, columella twisted. Melania lima, Conrad, Freshwater Shells, p. 54. pl. 8. f. 8. Hab. Alabama, United States. A neat globose wart-noduled species, with a purple- stained aperture, strikingly sinuately effused both above and below. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCULOTUS SALEBROSUS. Ane. testa ovatd, crassa, fla- vescente-olivaced, viridi-fasciatd, anfractibus convewis, superne rude angulatis, ad angulum valide irregulariter tuberculatis, apertura ovatd, supra sinuatd, infra ro- tundatd, columella calloso-arcuatd. THE RUGGED ANCULOTUS. Shell ovate, thick, yellowish- olive, banded with green, whorls convex, rudely angled at the upper part, strongly irregularly tuber- cled on the angle, aperture ovate, sinuated above, rounded below, columella callously arched. Melania salebrosa, Conrad, Freshwater Shells, pl. 4. f. 5. Hab. Alabama, United States. Very rudely tubercled and encircled with bright green bands, one of which is conspicuous in the place of the su- ture. ~ Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCULOTUS GENICULATUS. Anc. testa bosd, crassd, ponderosa, flavescente-olivaced, obscure viridi-fasciatd, spird brevissimad, anfractibus convexis, superné laté angulatis, ad angulum perampliter tuber- culatis, columelld callosd, excavatd, appresse attenuata, subquadrato-glo- apertura ovata, ad basin subcanaliculatd. KNoTTyY ANCULOTUS. bose, thick, ponderous, yellowish-olive, obscurely oreen-banded, spire very short, whorls convex, broadly angled round the upper part, very largely tubercled at the angle, columella callous, excavated, appressly attenuated, aperture ovate, slightly channelled at the THE Shell somewhat squarely glo- base. Lithasia geniculata, Haldeman, Mon. Supp. p. 1. Has. Tennessee, United States. A remarkably solidly tubercled shell, canaliculately at- tenuated at the base. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCULOTUS GRIFFITHSIANUS. Ane, testa conico-ovatd, subobtusd, crassa, fuscescente-olivaced, viridi obscure maculatd, columella purpureo tinctd, anfractibus oblique declivibus, undique validé liratis et sulcatis, apertura effusd, ad basin rotundata. Grirritus’s AncuLotus. Shell conically ovate, rather obtuse, thick, brownish-olive, obscurely spotted with green, columella purple-stained, whorls obliquely sloping, strongly ridged and grooved throughout, aperture effused, rounded at the base. Lea, Proceedings American Phil. Soe. vol. ti. p. 83. Melania compacta, Authony. Hab. Alabama, United States. Chiefly distinguished by its slopingly oblique growth, strongly ridged and grooved sculpture, and purple-stained columella, behind which there is sometimes a distinct um- bilical depression. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCULOTUS CORPULENTUS. Anc. testd ovata, fulvo-vi- rente, nitente, olivaced, purpureo-fasciatd, spira co- nicd, anfractibus oblique declivibus, levibus, ad margi- nem rotundatis, suturis impressis, apertura rotundato - ovatd, oblique effusd, superné subsinuatd, columella appresse arcuatd. BULKY ANcuLOoTUS. Shell ovate, fulvous-green, shining, purple-banded, spire conical, whorls ob- liquely sloping, smooth, rounded at the margin, su- tures impressed, aperture rotundately ovate, obliquely effused, slightly sinuated at the upper part, columella appressly arched. _ Melania corpulenta, Ann, Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p. 127. pl. 3. f. 28. Hab. Dan River, North Carolina, United States. THE Characterized by an obliquely effused growth and shin- ing fulvous-green epidermis, through which may be seen the purple bands passing through to the interior. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCULOTUS SUBGLOBOSUS. Ane. testd conico-globosd, fla- vescente-olivaced, viridi bifasciatd, spird brevissimd, anfractibus declivi-convexis, superné oblusis, levibus, apertura suborbiculari, columella brevi, arcuatd. Tue supaLorosp AncuLotus. Shell coniecally globose, yellowish-olive, encircled with two green bands, spire very short, whorls slopingly convex, obtuse round the upper part, smooth, aperture suborbicular, columella short, arched. Melania subglobosa, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel- phia, vol. v. p. 128. Has. Tennessee, United States. An obtuse obliquely sloping subglobose shell, with a nearly rounded aperture, impressed behind the columella as though umbilicated. Aneulotus PLT IF a. ANCULOTUS. Prate II. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCULOTUS PLANOSPIRA. Aunc. testd globosd, subobesd, luteo-olivaced, viridi bifasciatd, spird retusa, via ex- sertd, anfractibus superné tumido-rotundatis, apertura subampla, infra rotundata. THE FLAT SPIRE ANcULOTUs. Shell globose, rather stout, yellowish-olive, encircled with two green bands, spire blunt, scarcely exserted, whorls tumidly rounded at the upper part, aperture rather large, rounded below. Antuony, MS. Mus. Cuming. Hab. Kentucky, United States. An obtusely rounded shell, with little or no indication of a sinus at the base of the aperture. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCULOTUS RUBIGINOSUS. Ane. testd globoso-conoided, Jlavescente-olivaced, viridi quadrifasciatd, spird retusa, via exsertd, anfractibus convexo-declivibus, inferne ob- tuse angulatis, apertura oblique ovatd, infra rotundatd, columella calloso-appressd, vivide purpureo-tincta. THE rusty ANCULOTUS. Shell globosely conoid, yellow- ish-olive, encircled with four green bands, spire blunt, but little exserted, whorls convexly sloping, obtusely angled round the lower part, aperture ob- liquely ovate, rounded below, columella callously ap- pressed, brightly purple-stained. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. ix. p. 20. Anculotus amplus, Anthony. Hab. Alabama. Distinguished by a sloping conoid form, encircled with four green bands, which are very conspicuous in the in- terior, while the columella is umbilicately appressed and purple-stained. Species 13. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANCULOTUS TINTINNABULUM. dlivaced, purpureo-viridi varie fusciatd, spird retusa, Ane. testé globosd, luteo- anfractibus superne tumido-rotundatis, deinde planu- lato-declivibus, apertura subampla, supra et infra sub- sinuatd, columella appresso-incured. THE LITTLE BELL ANcuLoTUs. Shell globose, yellow- April, ish-olive, variously banded with purple-green, spire blunt, whorls tumidly rounded at the upper part, then somewhat flatly sloping, aperture large, slightly sinuated above and below, columella appressly in- curved. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. x. pl. 9. f. 51. Hab. Tennessee, Alabama, United States. A solid, globose species, but inclined in all its varieties to a sloping campanulate form. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCULOTUS CRASSUS. olivaced, spird rude depressd, anfractibus superné tu- midis et obsolete nodulatis, deinde declivi-conveais, apertura subampld, supra et infra subsinuatd, colu- mella valde callosd, incurva. Tue tHick AncuLotus. Shell globose, thick, fulvous- olive, spire rudely depressed, whorls tumid and ob- soletely noduled round the upper part, then slopingly convex, aperture rather large, slightly sinuated above and below, columella very callous, incurved. Leptowis crassa, Haldeman, Hlus. Conch. Mon. p. 2. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Ane. testd globosd, crassi, fulvo- Of rude solid growth, having an inclination to become noduled round the upper part. Species 15. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) ANcULOTUS THNIATUS. Ane. testd globosd, fulvo-olivaced, purpureo-viridi quadrifasciatd, spird obtuse depressa, anfractibus declivi-convexis, apertura ampla, infra si- nuatd, columellé calloso-incurva. Tun PILLETED ANcuLorts. Shell globose, fulvous-olive, encircled with four purple-green bands, spire ob- tusely depressed, whorls slopingly convex, aperture large, sinuated below, columella callously ineurved. Conrap, New Freshwater Shells, p. 63. Hab. Alabama, United States. It is somewhat doubtful whether this and 4. ¢intinna- bulum are not varieties of the same species. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCULOTUS PRHROSUS. Ane. testa subconoideo-globosi, 1860. ANCULOTUS.—Ptate II. solidissima, fulvo-aurantid, purpureo obscure bifas- ciaté, spird obtuse depressd, anfractibus superné tu- mido-declivibus, inferne subventricosis, apertura sub- amplé, supra et infra sinuatd, columella valde cal- los. THE GNawNn Ancuxotus. Shell subconoidly globose, very solid, fulvous-olive, obscurely two-banded with purple, spire obtusely depressed, whorls tumidly sloping round the upper part, rather ventricose to- wards the lower, aperture rather large, sinuated above and below, columella very callous. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 2a yay MALTS Hab. Tennessee, United States. The most solid of the group, sloping from the spire with more ventricose proportions. Species 17. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming. c, Mus. V. d. Busch.) AncuLotus ANTHONYI. Ane. testa oblongo-globosd, soli- dissimd, fulvo-olivaced, interdum viridi-fasciata, spird paululum exsertd, anfractibus superné rudé nodulatis, inferne attenuatis, apertura oblonga, infra sinuaté. AntHony’s Ancutotus. Shell oblong-globose, very solid, fulvous-olive, sometimes green-banded, spire a little exserted, whorls rudely noduled on the upper part, attenuated towards the lower, aperture oblong, sinuated below. Bupp, Redfield, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1854, p- 131. pl. 1. f. 6. Hab. Tennessee, United States. Well distinguished from the preceding species by the rudely noduled angle of the spire and more attenuated growth towards the base. Aneulotas Pl. Ll ANCULOTUS.: Prats III. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCULOTUS FLAMMATUS. vescente, semipellucidd, flammis undatis purpureo-fuscis Ane. testaé ovato-globosd, fla- interruptis strigatd, spird parvd, depressd, anfractibus superne coarctatis et obtuse rotundatis, inferné ventri- cosis, apertura quadrato-ovatd, columella late ap- pressa. THE FLAMED ANcuLotus. Shell ovately globose, yel- lowish, semitransparent, striped with waved inter- rupted flames of purple-brown, spire small, depressed, whorls contracted and obtusely rounded at the upper part, rather ventricose towards the lower, aperture squarely ovate, columella broadly appressed. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. xi. p. 30. Hab. Alabama. Distinguished by a somewhat blunt, contracted growth round the upper part, and longitudinally interruptedly wave-striped with purple-brown. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCULOTUS LIGATUS. ced, viridi quadrifasciata, spird subexserta, anfractibus Ane. testé conoideo-globosa, oliva- superne obtuse rotundatis, medio concavo-coarctatis, apertura oblique ovata, columella purpureo maculata. Tue treD ANncuLotus. Shell conoidly globose, olive, encircled with four green bands, spire rather exserted, whorls obtusely rounded at the upper part, concavely contracted in the middle, aperture obliquely ovate, columella purple-spotted. Antuony, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Alabama, United States. A compact conoidly globose bright-coloured species, concavely contracted in the middle. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCULOTUS PICTUS. te te ar , one . ‘ . fi , y » x is oe i 5 : ‘ 7 Sowerby, del. ct lith 10a Melanopsis MM. Vincent Brooks, bmp MELANOPSIS. Puate III. Species 6. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANOPSIS VARIABILIS. Adel. testd fusiformi-turrita, modice solidd, fulvescente, livido-purpureo plus minus | Sasciatd, anfractibus quinque ad sea, declivi-gibbosius- culis, interdum longitudinaliter rude striatis ; apertura | ovata, columella excavata, superne subcallosd, inferne | tenue contortd. THE VARIABLE MniaNopsis. Shell fusiformly turreted, moderately solid, fulvous, more or less banded with | livid-purple, whorls five to six, slopingly gibbous, sometimes longitudinally rudely striated; aperture ovate, columella excavated, slightly callous at the upper part, thinly twisted at the lower. Von prem Buscu, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch, vol. li. p. 175. pl. 4. f. 7. n. 10 (not f. 8). Hab. Schiraz and Persepolis, Persia. Very closely allied to some varieties of MW. prerosa, but Dr. Busch’s specimens have a characteristic lightness of structure and livid-banded colouring. Species 7. (Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANopsis Korscouyi. lidiusculd, olivaceo-corned, anfractibus quingue ad sex, superné concavo-declivibus, deinde rotundatis, undique Mel. testé oblongo-conica, so- tongitudinaliter corrugato-liratis ; apertura parvius- culd, columella calloso-excavatd. Korscuy’s Meianopsts. Shell oblong-conical, rather solid, olive-horny, whorls five to six, concavely slop- ing at the upper part, then rounded, longitudinally wrinkle-ridged throughout; aperture rather small, columella callously excavated. Von vem Buscu, Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. ii. p. 175. pl. 4. f. 11. Hab. Persepolis, Persia; Kotschy. This is apparently the Persian representative of the Spanish J/. cariosa, in the same manner as the preceding species is the Persian representative of the Spanish J/. Both the Asiatic types are smaller than the European, and the genus is not found any further south on this side of the equator. More observations are needed on the fresh-water conchology of this district before very definite opinions can be formed of the value either of J. variabilis or Kotschyi. prevosa. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) MELANOPSIS SAULCYI. diusculd, purpureo-nigrd, anfractibus quingue ad sex, Mel. testa oblongo-turritd, soli- superne oblique brevicostatis, costis obsolete nodulatis ; aperturd subanguste ovata, columellad superné callosé, deinde excavatd, inferne tenué contorta. Sautcy’s Meuanorsis. Shell oblong, turreted, rather solid, purple-black, whorls five to six, obliquely shortly ribbed at the upper part, ribs obsoletely no- duled ; aperture rather narrowly ovate, columella slightly callous at the upper part, then excavated, thinly twisted at the lower. | Boureurenat, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Syria. A slenderly turreted species, of a dark purple-black colour, obliquely ribbed round the upper part of the whorls, smooth round the lower; and the columella is more thinly twisted at the base than in the European forms. Species 9. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MELANOPSIS LENTIGINOSA. Mel. testd ovata, utrinque at- tenuatd, solidd, nigrescente-olivaceo fasciatd, punctis lu- tescente-albidis profuse lentiginosd, anfractibus quinque, , superné concavo-declivibus, deinde tumidis, inferne con- tractis ; apertura oblongo-ovatd, superne anguste si- nuatd, columella supra crassé callosd, infra curvatda. FRECKLED Metanopsts. Shell ovate, attenuated at each end, solid, banded with blackish-olive, pro- fusely freckled with yellowish-white dots, whorls five, concavely sloping round the upper part, then swollen, contracted at the lower; aperture oblong-ovate, nar- rowly sinuated at the upper part, columella thickly callous above, curved below. Hab. New Caledonia. Of a different type from any of the preceding species, with a somewhat Melampus-like aspect, banded with blackish- olive on a yellowish ground, the bands being profusely freckled with the ground colour. It is quite unlike the other southern species, M/Z. Zelandica and Strangei. THE Species 10. (Fig. a, c, d, Mus. Cuming, Fig. 6, Mus. V. d. Busch.) MELANOPSIS PRHROSA. Mel. lestd ovato-conicad, solidd, March, 1860. MELANOPSIS.—Ptate III. levigatd, castaneo-fuscd, suturis aibidis, anfractibus sex, declivi-convewis, deinde gibbosiusculis ; apertura subanguste ovatd, superné sinuatd, columella supra densé callosd, infra curvata. THe GNawn Meuanopsis. Shell ovately conical, solid, smooth, chestnut-brown, sutures whitish, whorls six, slopingly convex, then rather gibbous ; aperture rather narrowly ovate, sinuated at the upper part, columella thickly callous above, curved below. Buccinum prerosum, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1203. Melan‘a buccinoidea, Olivier. Melanopsis buecinoidea, Férussac. Melanopsis laevigata, Lamarck. Melanopsis fusiformis, Sowerby. Hab. Turkey, Asia Minor, Algeria. The only noticeable variation in this species occurs in a form represented at Fig. 10 6, in which the whorls are contracted, and swell into an obtuse ridge round the upper part, and the shell is generally of a darker olive- colour. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS S C A R A B “ Bog and marsh and fen Are ouly poor to undiscerning men. Here may the nice and curious eye explore How Nature’s hand adorns the rushy moor ; Beauties are these that from the view retire, But will repay the attention they require.” Crabbe. U S. Scarabus PLT. ‘incent Brooks, Imp SCARABUS. Puate I. Genus SCARABUS, De Montford. Testa ovata, solidiuscula, fulvescente-alba, castaneo aut pur- pureo-castaneo nebuloso-maculata aut fasciata, spird plus minus obtuse pyramidali, anfractibus septem ad decem, convexis, superne plicato-rugatis, utrinque ap- presso-varicosis, varicibus plerumque albis, anfractu ultimo interdum late abrupte angulato ; aperturd nunc rotundato- nune subquadrato-ovata, utringue validis- simé dentatd, dentibus columellaribus tribus, rudibus, sepe contortis, dentibus oppositis tribus, minus irre- gularibus, minoribus intervenientibus, labro conspicue concavo-eff uso. Shell ovate, rather solid, fulvous-white, nebulously spotted or banded with chestnut or purple-chestnut, spire more or less obtusely pyramidal, whorls seven to ten, convex, plicately wrinkled round the upper part, ap- pressly varicose on each side, varices mostly white, last whorl sometimes broadly abruptly angled ; aper- ture now rotundately, now somewhat squarely ovate, very strongly toothed on both sides, columellar teeth three, rude, often twisted, opposite teeth three, less irregular, with smaller teeth intervening, lip conspi- cuously concavely effused. The genus Scarabus is founded on the well-known Helix scarabeus of Linnzeus, a characteristic form of land snail, of which nearly thirty species have been now collected. They are peculiar to the islands of the Eastern and Aus- tralian Archipelagoes, and inhabit dense woods in damp places, the animal partaking more of the nature of Auri- cula than of Helix. The generic peculiarities of Scarabus are remarkably uniform. The shell is formed on the plan of a compact closely convoluted oval, of from seven to ten whorls, rising into a more or less obtuse pyramid, and it is distinguished by two rather conspicuously developed features ; one is, that a row of flattened varices is formed down each side of the shell, and the other consists in the aperture being almost closed in with strong wart-like teeth. The Scaradi are also distinguished by a great uni- formity of colour, fulvous-white, mottled with chestnut, which passes, in some instances, into purple bands. They have no representative types in the new world, unless it be in the Brazilian Helices and Bulimi with toothed aper- tures, but in the shells of those there are no varices. The Scarabi leave the upper extremity of the marginal lip rest- ing on the body-whorl at every half turn, like the Ranedle, but it is only a flattened deposit. None of the species show any rudiments of fronds or spines. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaraBus CELEBENSIS. Scar. testd subpyramidali-ovatd, fulvo-castaned, varicibus fulvo-luteis, anfractibus no- vem ad decem, leviusculis; apertura ovatd, livido- fulva. Tue CreLeBes Scarasus. Shell somewhat pyramidally ovate, fulvous-chestnut, varices fulvous-yellow, whorls nine to ten, rather smooth; aperture ovate, livid- fulvous. Pythia Celebensis, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 299. Hab. Celebes. . Comparatively smooth, and of a uniform fulvous-chest- nut colour, with the aperture peculiarly livid. Species 2. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ScaRABUS LEKITHOSTOMA. Scar. testd subabbreviato- ovatd, albidd, castaneo maculatd et nebulatd, interdum omnino fulvo-castaned, varicibus albis, anfractibus sep- tem ad octo, levibus ; apertura ovata, conspicue luteo- rufa. THE YOLK-MoUTH ScaraBus. Shell rather shortly ovate, whitish, blotched and clouded with chestnut, some- times altogether fulvous-chestnut, varices white, whorls seven to eight, smooth; aperture ovate, con- spicuously yellow-ribbed. Reeve, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1842, vol. ix. p. 220. Hab. 2 Conspicuously distinguished by the aperture being stained with yellow-red, resembling the yolk of an egg in colour. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) ScARABUS CASTANEUS. Scar. testé ovata, supra intense castaned, infra albidd, castaneo promiscue marmorata, varicibus parvis, albis, anfractibus octo ad novem, le- vibus ; apertura ovata, sordide alba. THE CHESTNUT ScaraBus. Shell ovate, dark chestnut at the upper part, whitish below, promiscuously mar- bled with chestnut, varices small, white, whorls eight to nine, smooth ; aperture ovate, dull-white. Lesson, Zool. Voy. de la Coquille, p. 336. pl. 10. f. 7. November, 1860. SCARABUS.—Ptate I. Hab. Sibonga, Island of Zebu, Philippines (in the woods) ; Cuming. Peculiarly marbled with chestnut upon a white ground round the body-whorl, while the spire is altogether chest- nut. Species 4. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) SCARABUS ALBovARICOSA. Scar. testd oblongo-ovatd, li- vido-castaned, fusco obscure lentiginosd, varicibus con- spicué albis, anfractibus novem ad decem, leviusculis ; apertura ovata, subcompressa. THE WHITE-VARICOSE ScaraBus. Shell oblong-ovate, livid-chestnut, obscurely freckled with brown, varices conspicuously white, whorls nine to ten, rather smooth ; aperture ovate, rather compressed. Pythia albovaricosa, Pfeiffer, Zeits. fiir Malac. 1853, p. 190. Hab. Celebes. A bold species, obscurely brown-freckled, with the va- rices conspicuously white, shaded with dark chestnut. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) SCARABUS SCARAB&HUS. Scar. testé ovatd, undique cas- taneo marmoratd et nebulatd, varicibus subindistinctis, anfractibus novem ad decem, obscure plicato-striatis ; apertura ovata, castaneo-lineata. THE BEETLE Scarapus. Shell ovate, marbled and clouded throughout with chestnut-brown, varices somewhat indistinct, whorls nine to ten, obscurely plicately striated; aperture ovate, lineated with chestnut. Helix scarabeus, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. p. 768. Helix pythia, Miiller. Auricula scarabeus, Lamarck. Searabus imbrium, Férussac. Hab. Moluccas. This is supposed to be the Linnzean type of the genus. It is of a less oblong form than the preceding species, and has the aperture stained with linear chestnut blotches, while the varices are somewhat obscure. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaraBus Repveanus. Scar. testd sublate ovata, albidd, nigricante-castaneo sparsim marmoratd, varicibus al- bis, anfractibus novem ad decem, undique validé pli- cato-striatis ; apertura subobliqué ovaté, castaneo punctata. Reeve’s ScaraBus. Shell rather broadly ovate, white, sparingly marbled with blackish-chestnut, varices white, whorls nine to ten, strongly plicately striated throughout; aperture rather obliquely ovate, dotted with chestnut. Pythia Reeveana, Pfeiffer, Zeits. fiir Malac. 1853, p. 190. Hab. Distinguished chiefly by its more sparse marbling and strongly developed plicated striz. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaRaBus POLLEX. Scar. test@ sublate ovatd, purpureo- castaned, obscuré multifasciatd, varicibus indistinctis, anfractibus octo ad novem, leviusculis ; apertura ovatd, purpureo-castaneo intense maculata. Tue THUMB ScaraBus. Shell rather broadly ovate, purple-chestnut, obscurely many-banded, varices in- distinct, whorls eight to nine, nearly smooth; aper- ture ovate, darkly blotched with purple-chestuut. Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur. pl. 16. f. 9, 10. Scarabus zonata, Hombron and Jacquinot. Hab. Feejee Islands. A bold, well-marked species, of a dull purplish-brown hue, obscurely banded throughout. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaRaBus cHALCostoMa. Scar. testd elongato-ovatd, subpyramidali, rufo-castaneo pallidé nebulatd, varici- bus albidis, latis, anfractibus decem ad duodecim, sub- compressis, levibus; apertura subanguste ovatd, ni- tente-fulvd. THE BRAZEN-MOUTH ScaraBus. Shell elongately ovate, somewhat pyramidal, faintly clouded with reddish chestnut, varices whitish, broad, whorls ten to twelve, rather compressed, smooth ; aperture rather narrowly ovate, shining-fulvous. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 152. Hab. Solomon’s Islands. Of a distinct pyramidal form, and pale foxy-red colour. 70. Sowerby, del et lith 72 Scarabus LL LL Fincent Brooks Imp SCARABUS. Puate II. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaRABUS SEMISULCATUS. Scar. testa subabbreviato- pyramidali, purpurascente-castaned, varicibus albidis, anfractibus octo, levigatis ; eperturd rotundato-ovatd, parviusculd, subochraced ; marginibus approximatis. THE HALF-GROOVED ScaraBus. Shell rather shortly pyramidal, purple-chestnut, varices whitish, whorls eight, smooth; aperture rotundately ovate, rather small, yellowish, with the margins approximating. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 151. Hab. p A smooth purplish-chestnut shell, of rather shortly pyramidal form, semi-grooved below the suture, but not more so than other species. The plicated grooving round the shoulder of the whorls is a generic rather than a spe- cifie character. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) SCARABUS IMPERFORATA. fulvescente, rufo-castaneo marmoratd, spird brevius- Scar. testa ovatd, compressa, culd, acuminata, anfractibus octo, levigatis ; apertura oblique ovata, ochraced. THE IMPERFORATE ScARABUS. Shell ovate, compressed, fulvous, marbled with reddish-chestnut, spire rather short, acuminated, whorls eight, smooth ; aperture obliquely ovate, yellowish. Avams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 151. Hab. Borneo. The specific name of this species appears to me to be scarcely more appropriate than the last. The umbilicus in Scarabus has little, if any, specific value. In all closely convoluted shells having, generically, an appressly ex- panded columellar lip, the axis of convolution so far varies as that the umbilicus may be more covered in some spe- cimens than in others. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaraBus BORNEENSIS. tenuiculd, fulvescente, castaneo fasciata et maculata, Scar. testd subquadrato-ovatd, spird brevi, obtusiusculd, anfractibus septem ad octo, superné via plicato-striatis ; apertura oblongo-ovata ; margine fulvd, superné subemarginatda. THe Borneo Scarasus. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, rather thin, spire short, somewhat obtuse, fulvous, banded and blotched with chestnut, whorls seven to eight, scarcely plicately striated round the upper part; aperture oblong-ovate, fulvous at the edge, slightly notched at the upper part. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 152. Hab. Borneo. A shell of rather light structure, in which the painting inclines to be disposed in transverse bands. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) Scarabus Cuminatanus. Scar. testd obeso-ovatd, crassa, sordidé livido-fuscescente, spirdé breviusculd, varicibus validis sed indistinctis, anfractibus octo ad novem, subrugatis ; apertura quadrato-ovatd, labro calloso- producto, superne emarginato. Cumine’s Scarasus. Shell stoutly ovate, thick, dull livid-brown, spire rather short, varices strong but indistinct, whorls eight to nine, rather wrinkled ; aper- ture squarely ovate, lip callously produced, notched at the upper part. Perit, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 3. Hab. Boljoon, Island of Zebu, and Tanhay, Island of Negros, Philippines; Cuming. . A dull livid-brown species, of rather stout callous growth, the varices being much absorbed. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaraBus ovatus. Scar. testd ovatd, subobesd, albidd, rufo-castaneo plus minus marmoratd, anfractibus no- vem ad decem, striis plicatis corrugato-descendentibus ; aperturd subquadrato-ovatd, parviusculd, margine sub- producto. THE OVATE ScaraBus. Shell ovate, rather stout, whi- tish, more or less marbled with reddish-chestnut, whorls nine to ten, with the plicated striae descending in wrinkles ; aperture somewhat squarely ovate, with the margin rather small, rather produced. Pythia ovata, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 299. Hab. ? Chiefly distinguished by a more than usually ovate stoutness of the body-whorl, with smaller aperture, as op- posed to the more pyramidal growth of the species near- est allied to it. November, 1860. SCARABUS.—Ptate II. Species 14, (Mus. Cuming.) ScCARABUS LEOPARDUS. Scar. testd late ovata, compres- siusculd, fulvescente, castaneo sparsim marmoratd, spird abbreviato-acuminatd, varicibus subindistinctis, anfractibus novem ad decem, subcorrugatis ; apertura subanguste ovatd, curvatd, labro columellari late ap- presse contorto. Tub LeoparD Scarapus. Shell broadly ovate, rather compressed, fulvous, sparingly marbled with chest- nut, spire shortly acuminated, varices rather indistinct, whorls nine to ten, slightly wrinkled ; aperture rather narrowly ovate, curved, columellar lip broadly ap- pressly contorted. Hab. ? This species, which Mr. Cuming has for some time separated in his cabinet from the rest, is distinguished by a peculiar curvature of the aperture, arising from the columellar lip being more than usually broadly appressly reflected, giving a kind of angular contortion to this corner of the aperture. The varices are less distinctly developed, and the colouring is more sparingly distributed. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaraBus Putrvertanus. Scar. testd subrotundato- ovatd, albidd, castaneo densé nebulatd, anfractibus no- vem, levigatis ; apertura ovata, castaneo lineari-macu- lata. Periver’s Scarasus. Shell somewhat rotundately ovate, whitish, densely clouded with chestnut, whorls nine, smooth ; aperture ovate, linearly spotted with chest- nut. Firussac, Prodrome, p. 101. tf. 110; Auricula Petiveriana, Deshayes. Scarabus pantherinus, Adams. Hab. Island of Siquijor, Philippines (in the woods and stones); Cuming. Petiver, Gaz. Nat. pl. 4. A species of well-marked but simple character, rather rotundate in form. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) Scarapus Maceruivrayt. Scar. testé pyramidali- ovata, sordidé purpured, immaculatd, varicibus albidis, anfractibus octo, levigatis ; aperturd ovata. Maceaiiiivray’s Scarapus. Shell pyramidally ovate dull purple, unspotted, varices white, whorls eight, smooth ; aperture ovate. Pythia Macgillivrayi, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 298. Hab. Isle of Aneiteum, New Hebrides ; Macgillivray. It appears to me somewhat doubtful whether this is not a variety of S. semisulcatus. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaRaBUS UNDATUS. Scar. testd subquadrato-ovaté, sor- didé fusca, castaneo obscure lentiginosd, spird brevi, an- Jractibus octo ad novem, longitudinaliter undato-corru- gatis ; apertura quadrato-ovata, superné obscure angu- lato-emarginatd, dentibus prominentibus. THE WAVED ScaraBus. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, dull-brown, obscurely freckled with chestnut, spire short, whorls eight to nine, longitudinally wave- wrinkled; aperture squarely ovate, faintly angularly notched at the upper part, teeth prominent. Lesson, Zool. Voy. de la Coquille, vol. ii. p. 336. pl. 10. i Bs Hab. ——? A dull, short, squarely ovate species, sculptured with waved wrinkle-like striae, in which the teeth of the body- whorl are rather prominently developed. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaraBus NUX. Scar. testd subabbreviato-ovatd, obesius- culd, purpureo-fuscd, castaneo obscure maculata, an- fractibus octo, partim corrugato-striatis ; apertura curvatd, superné subemarginatd, dentibus prominente distortis, labro columellart angulato-reflexo. Tue Nur Scarasus. Shell rather shortly ovate, some- what stout, purple-brown, obscurely spotted with chestnut, whorls eight, partially wrinkle-striated ; aperture curved, slightly notched at the upper part, with the teeth prominently twisted, columellar lip angularly reflected. 2 Hab. A purple-brown chestnut mottled species, of a shortly ovate form, with rather narrow curved aperture, angularly reflected below the columella, while the teeth of the body- whorl are rather conspicuously twisted. Scarabus Lt. Lil tw) no Sowerby,del et Litt f B werby,del.et Lith Vincent Brooks, Imp SCARABUS. Puate III. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaraBus Crynantcus. Scar. testd abbreviato-trigond, purpurea, castaneo sparse tinetd, anfractidus octo ad novem, dense minute corrugato-striatis, ultimo perab- rupte angulato; aperturd ovatd, parvd, aurantio- fuloa. THE CEYLON Scarasus. Shell shortly triangular, purple, sparingly stained with chestnut, whorls eight to nine, densely minutely wrinkle-striated, last whorl very ab- ruptly angled; aperture ovate, small, orange-fulvous. Pythia Ceylanica, Pfeiffer, Zeitschrift fiir Malak. 18538, p- 192. Hab. Ceylon. Of a peculiar abruptly angled triangular form, with the aperture comparatively small. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaraBus Cxortier. Scar. testd oblongo-ovatd, subcy- lindraced, compressiusculd, sordidé fulvo-fuscd, obscure purpureo-fasciatd, spird brevi, subobtusd, anfractibus septem, longitudinaliter rugoso-striatis ; apertura sub- quadrato-oblongd, superné angulato-emarginata. CrcitLe’s Scarasus. _ Shell oblong-ovate, somewhat cylindrical, rather compressed, dull fulvous-brown, obscurely purple-banded, spire short, rather obtuse, whorls seven, longitudinally roughly striated; aper- ture somewhat squarely oblong, angularly notched at the upper part. Putiprt, Zeitschrift fix Malac. 1847. Hab. China. A very characteristic species, collected in China by the distinguished French admiral after whom it is named. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaRaBus stnuosus. Scar. testd ovatd, compressiusculd, albidd, castaneo sparsim maculata, varicibus albis, spird parvd, anfractibus octo ad novem, longitudina- liter corrugato-striatis, interdum levibus, striis plica- tis feré obsoletis; aperturd quadrato-ovatd, superneé angulato-emarginatd, labro columellari callosé angu- lato-reflexo. THE stNuous ScaraBus. Shell ovate, rather compressed, whitish, sparingly spotted with chestnut, varices white, spire small, whorls eight to nine, longitudi- nally wrinkle-striated, sometimes smooth, with the plicated strive almost obsolete; aperture squarely ovate, angularly notched at the upper part, columel- lar lip ecallously angularly reflected. Apams, Pro. Zoo]. Soc. 1850, p. 151. Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines; Cuming. A simple ovate species, with an unusually small spire, painted rather sparingly with chestnut spots. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) SCARABUS TRIGONUS. bidd, punctis castaneis densé lentiginosd, spird parvd, Scar. testd rotundato-trigond, al- anfractibus octo ad novem, subtiliter corrugato-striatis, striis granulatis, anfractu ultimo latissimée perabrupte angulato ; apertura parviusculd, prominente effusd. THE TRIANGULAR ScaraBus. Shell rotundately trian- gular, whitish, densely freckled with chestnut dots, spire small, whorls eight to nine, finely wrinkle-stri- ated, striae granular, last whorl broadly very abruptly angled; aperture rather small, prominently effused. TroscuEL, Wiegmann’s Archives, 1840. Hab. Sorsogon, Island of Luzon, Philippines (dense woods, in damp places); Cuming. The very abrupt triangular development of the last whorl of some of the Scaradi has its maximum in this species. In other respects it is distinguished chiefly by the small freckled character of the painting. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) ScARABUS PYRAMIDATUS. Scar. testé pyramidali-ovatd, albidd vel purpurascente, rufo-castanco nebulata, spird eusertd, anfractibus septem ad octo, levibus, striis pli- catis subobsoletis; apertura parviusculd, rotundatd, vivide aureo-sanguined. THE PYRAMIDAL ScaRaBus. Shell pyramidally ovate, white or purplish, clouded with reddish-chestnut, spire exserted, whorls seven to eight, smooth, pli- cated, striae almost obsolete; aperture rather small, rounded, bright golden-red. Reeve, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1842, p. 221. Hab. New lreland; Hinds. Island of Guam; Captain Masters. November, 1860. SCARABUS.—Ptate III. Pyramidal in form, but chiefly distinguished by its rounded golden-red aperture. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaRaBus ARGENVILLEI. Scar. testd pyramidali-oblonga, angustd, compressiusculd, albidd, rubido-castaneo len- tiginosd, anfractibus novem ad decem, longitudinaliter corrugato-striatis ; aperturd ovatd, superné moderate angulato-emarginatd. ARGENVILLE’S ScaraBus. Shell pyramidally oblong, narrow, rather compressed, whitish, freckled with reddish-chestnut, whorls nie to ten, longitudinally wrinkle-striated ; aperture ovate, moderately angu- larly notched at the upper part. Hab. ? Of a narrower and more oblong pyramidal form than the preceding species, while the aperture, it will be seen, is altogether different. Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaRABUS INFLATUS. Scar. testd globoso-trigond, subin- flatd, fuivd, livido-purpured, obscure fasciatd, spird brevi, anfractibus octo, densé minute corrugato-stria- tis, ultimo abrupte angulato ; apertura oblique ovatd, margine conspicue effusd. THE INFLATED ScaraBus. Shell globosely triangular, rather inflated, fulvous, obscurely banded with livid- purple, spire short, whorls eight, densely minutely cor- rugately striated, last whorl abruptly angled ; aperture obliquely ovate, conspicuously effused at the margin. Pythia inflata, Pfeiffer, Zeitschrift fiir Malak. 1853, p. 192. Hab, Borneo. A fine bold example of the abruptly-angled type of the genus. Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaRaBUS sTRIATUS. Scar. testé ovatd, Sulvescente, rufo- castaneo nebulatd, anfractibus octo ad novem, longitu- dinaliter rugato-striatis ; apertura subquadrato-ovata, subprominente effusd. THE sTRIATED ScaraBus. Shell ovate, fulvons, clouded with reddish-chestnut, whorls eight to nine, longitu- dinally wrinkle-striated ; aperture somewhat squarely ovate, rather prominently effused. Reeve, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1842, p. 220. Hab. San Nicholas, Island of Zebu, Philippines ; Cuming. This is not a satisfactory example of the species. For a figure of the original type see Conch. Syst. vol. ii. pl. 188. f. 9. Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) ScARABUS AVELLANA. Scar. testd subquadrato-ovaté, compressiusculd, livido-castaned, vix maculatd, spird brevissimd, anfractibus septem ad octo, longitudinaliter tenue rugato-striatis ; aperturaé quadrato-oblonga, su- perne subangulato-emarginatd, inferné effusd. THE FILBERT SCARABUS. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, rather compressed, livid-chestnut, scarcely blotched, whorls seven to eight, longitudinally finely wrinkle- striated ; aperture squarely oblong, slightly angularly notched at the upper part, effused at the lower. Hab. Island of Madura, near Java. The accompanying figure of this species, which is a very characteristic one, fully illustrates it peculiarities. Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) ScaraBus PLicatus. Scar. testd oblique trigond, fulves- cente, livido-purpureo tincté et fasciatd, spird brevi, anfractibus septem ad octo, minutissimé corrugato- striatis, ultimo subabrupte angulato ; apertura obliqué quadratd, conspicue effusd. THE FOLDED ScaraBus. Shell obliquely triangular, ful- vous, stained and banded with livid-purple, spire short, whorls seven to eight, very minutely wrinkle- striated, last whorl rather abruptly angled; aperture obliquely square, conspicuously effused. Férussac, Prodrome, p. 101. Auricula plicata, Deshayes. Scarabus triangularis, Benson. Hab. India; Benson. Jaffna, Jaffnapatam, Ceylon (in saline marshes); Gardner. This and S. Ceylanicus, inhabiting Ceylon, belong to a very characteristic type of the genus represented in Borneo by 8. inflatus. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS TRE hoG (0. Nees ‘7 will be bright, and shine in pearl and gold.” Shakspeare cr uy Ps y=. J +3 ee) a mia ll. [ Tift 7} Lia 'G- ONT A: Puate I. Genus TRIGONIA, Bruguiére. Testa equivalvis, oblique trigono-ovata, intus vivide irides- cente-margaritacea, roseo-purpurascens vel argentea vel aurea, extus radiatim nodoso-costata, violaceo-pur- purea, epidermide fusca induta. Cardo dentibus oblon- gis, lamelliformibus, divaricatis, in valvd deatra duobus, utrogue latere transversim sulcatis, in valvd sinistra quatuor, uno latere tantum sulcato. Ligamentum ex- ternum, marginale. Shell equivalve, obliquely triangularly ovate, bright irides- cent-pearl within, rose-purple, silvery or golden, ex- ternally radiately nodosely ribbed, violet-purple, co- vered with a brown epidermis. Hinge composed of two divaricate, oblong, lamelliform teeth, transversely grooved on both sides in the right valve, interlocking between four similar teeth, transversely grooved only on the inner side, in the left valve. Ligament exter- nal, marginal. Of the genus Zrigonia more than a hundred fossil species are known from different parts of Europe, Asia, South Africa, and even south-western America; but it only appears in a living state on the shores of Australia and Tasmania. Six recent species have been described, and they may be reduced to the four represented in our Plate. The shell of Zrivonia has of all bivalves the most bril- liantly iridescent nacre in the interior; and it has the most closely interlocking hinge. The shell-collector prides himself largely on the display which the pearly lining of the valves, exquisitely rose-purple or orange-tinted, with the addition of a silvery or golden hue, makes in his cabinet ; and when separated it requires uo little ingenuity and neatness of handling to close them again. In the right valve are two large, oblong, divaricate teeth, transversely grooved on each side, and these fit closely between two divaricate pairs of similarly grooved teeth in the left valve, grooved only on the inner side where the teeth of the cor- responding valve are received. The animal of Zrigonia, described originally by MM. Quoy and Gaimard, and afterwards by Professor Huxley, has the edge of the mantle crimped to fill the hollows of the ribs of the shell, and the foot is sharply angled and crenated, possessing considerable muscular action. Mr. Samuel Stutchbury, while dredging in Sydney Harbour, placed a Trigonia on the gunwale of his boat, and it leaped overboard, clearing a ledge of four inches. Species 1. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) Trigonta Lamarck. Trig. testd subventricosd, solidd, antice subobtuso-angulatd, costis confertiusculis, muri- cato-nodatis. Lamarck’s Triconta. Shell somewhat ventricose, solid, anteriorly somewhat obtusely angled, ribs rather close-set, prickly-noduled. Trigonia Jukesii, Adams. Hab. Australia. In this species, which is the most abundant of the genus, the shell is stouter and more quadrately ventricose than the rest. The ribs are narrower and closer, and the nodules incline more to the form of prickly scales. Fig. 1a represents a specimen in which the pearly nacre of the interior is of a golden or salmon-colour, and Fig. 1 4 and Fig. 1c varieties of coarser and finer varieties of sculp- ture. 7. Jukesii appears to me to be a specimen of the coarser variety. Species 2. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TRIGONIA UNIOPHORA. Tirig. testa conpressiusculd, pos- tice angulatim compresse expansd, costis subdistantibus, nodis rotundatis, obtusis. THE PLOUGH-SHARE TRIGONTA. Shell rather compressed, angularly compressly expanded posteriorly, ribs ra- ther distant, nodules rounded, obtuse. Gray, App. to Jukes’ Narr. Voy. Fly, p. 361. pl. 2. f. 5. Hab. Cape York, Australia (in six fathoms); Jukes. Of this species Mr. Cuming possesses only the spe- cimens Fig. 2 4 and the odd valve Fig. 2 @ which is the more characteristic of the two. It is of a marked ob- liquely expanded, compressed growth, with fewer, more distant ribs, on which the nodules are rounded and ob- tuse. Species 3. (Fig. a, 4, c, d, Mus. Cuming.) TRIGONIA MARGARITACEA. Tig. testd oblique suborbi- culari, modicé convead, postice parum angulatd, costis minus prominentibus, distantibus, nodis parviusculis. THE PEARLY TrIGoNntIa. Shell obliquely suborbicular, September, 1860. TRIGONIA.—Ptate I. moderately convex, but little angled posteriorly, ribs less prominent, distant, nodules rather small. Lamarck, Ann. du Mus. vol. iv. p. 355. pl. 67. f. 2. Trigonia pectinata, Lamarck. Hab. Tasmania. This is the largest of the recent Zrigonia, a native of the shores of Tasmania, and it is distinguished by a more or- bicular form, while the ribs are not so strongly developed. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) TRIGONIA STRANGE. Trig. testd subobtusé rotundata, posticée subabbreviato-angulatd, costis amplis, confertis, nodis numerosissimis, conspicue verrucatis. StranGe’s TrrGonra. Shell somewhat obtusely rounded, posteriorly rather shortly angled, ribs large, close- set, with the nodules very numerous and conspicu- ously warty. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 91. Hab. Sydney, New South Wales (in deep water); Strange. A very characteristic species, distinguished at once from all the rest by its crowded wart-like nodules. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MYOCH AM A. “Tis a burthen Which I am proud to bear.” Shakspeare. Mycchama PLL MYOCHAMA. Prare 1; Genus MYOCHAMA, Stutchdury. Testa inequivalvis, adherens, valde irregularis, valvé dextra affind, sinistra liberd, ventricosd, ambabus dentibus duo- bus marginalibus divergentibus, foveold trigond inter- media ligamentum, appendice testaced converum, acci- piente. Shell inequivalve, adhering, very irregular, right valve af- fixed, left valve free, ventricose, both valves with two marginal divergent teeth, having an intermediate pit receiving the ligament, in connection with a shelly appendage. Myochama is a parasitic ossicle-hinged bivalve peculiar to Australia, and it is mostly found adhering to other bi- valves. The specimens selected for illustration are at- tached to shells of Pectunculus, Crassatella, and Trigonia, and on two of them are two different species of Myochama, the same two species on each. The hinge of Myochama is composed of two divergent marginal teeth, of somewhat rude construction, enclosing between them a pit for the re- ception of an internal ligament, which, like the Anatina tribe, has a small testaceous appendage or ossicle in con- nection with it. The right valve is the adhering valve, the left is more or less ventricose ; and according to the irregu- larity of the surface of its place of attachment, so does it more or less participate in that irregularity, apart from its natural sculpture. The specimens of Myochama Anomio- ides on the Pectunculus at Fig. 46, and on the Trigonia at Fig. 4c, are finely ridged alike in radiations from the umbo ; but the diagonal ribs vary, it will be seen, in bulk, accord- ing to the bulk of the ribs of the shell on which each spe- cimen has grown. Species 1. (Fig. a, Mus. Sowerby ; Fig. 4, Mus. Cuming.) MyocnaMA Srrancer. AMyoc. testa ovatd vel transverse oblonga, tumide dichotome corrugato-liratd, plerumque plus minus malleatd ; sordide luted vel carned. SrranGce’s Myocnama. Shell ovate or transversely ob- long, tumidly dichotomously wrinkle-ridged, generally more or less malleated ; dull yellow or flesh. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 23. pl. 8. f. 2. Myochama transversa, Adams. Hab. Port Jackson, Australia; Strange. Australia ; Jukes. Cape Upstart, This species varies in form from ovate to transversely oblong, and it is extremely irregular in its growth. It is of a dull colour, compared with the other species of the genus, and is generally more or less decussately mal- leated. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) Myocuama Kepprttana. Myoc. testd subquadrato- ovata, ventricosd, circa umbones tumide productd, pos- tice angulato-truncatd, radiatim costatd, costis planu- latis confertis irregularibus, nonnullis dichotomis, su- perficialiter arcuatim squamulatis ; carned. Kepprt’s Myocuama. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, ventricose, tumidly produced about the umboes, pos- teriorly angularly truncated, radiately ribbed, ribs flattened, close-set, irregular, some dichotomous, su- perficially arcuately scaled; flesh-colour. AvAms, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 90. pl. 15. f. 1. Hab. Bass’s Straits, Australia (in deep water) ; Keppel. The specimen figured of this species attached to a Pec- tunculus, collected at Bass’s Straits, Australia, by the Hon. Captain Keppel, is, I believe, the only one known; but it appears to be well distinguished in form and sculpture from its nearest ally IZ. Anomioides. Species 3. (Fig. 3, left specimen; Fig. 44, upper specimen.) MyocuaMa TABIDA. Myoc. testd trigond, posticé sub- truncata, radiatim liratd, liris tenuibus, numerosis, confertis, nonnullis dichotomis ; sordide albd. THE consumptive Myocnama. Shell triangular, pos- teriorly a little truncated, radiately ridged, ridges fine, numerous, close-set, some dichotomous; dull-white. Hab. Australia; Strange. This appears to me to be a well-marked species. Mr. Cuming possesses several specimens, all characterized alike by a triangular outline of form, by a more numerous radi- ation of fine close-set ridges, and by a uniform dull-white, though perfectly fresh, appearance. On the specimens of Crassatella and Pectunculus, represented at Fig. 3 and Fig. 44, M. tabidus occurs in company with M. Anomio- ides. September, 1860. MYOCHAMA.—Piarz I. Species 4. (Fig. 4a, 44, lower specimen, and 4c.) Myocuama AnomioipEs. Myoc. testé ovatd, ventri- cosd, umbonibus subrostratis, lateribus rotundatis, ra- diatim Uiratd, liris irregularibus, tumidiusculis, plus minus obscure dichotomis ; carneo-rosed. THp ANOMIA-LIKE MyocuaMa. Shell ovate, ventricose, umboes rather beaked, sides rounded, radiately ridged, ridges irregular, somewhat swollen, more or less ob- scurely dichotomous ; flesh-rose. Srurcusury, Zool. Journ. vol. v. pl. 42. f. 1-4. Myochama Stutchburyi, Adams. Hab. Australia; Stutchbury, Strange. This species never has the triangular development of the preceding species; it is more ventricose and ovate, with the umboes distinctly inclined to become beaked. It is moreover always of a flesh-rose colour. The diagonally waved ribs on the specimens figured are caused by the ribbed surface of the shell on which the Myochama grows. Hence the specimen attached to the Trigonia has broader and larger diagonal ribs than those attached to the Pec- tuncult. . 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