Binirneiactuitceh ee ieee repaid meet i ; SaaS Cent rene ~ = te, SSS sales aC CENE Seats a eee eu onw bud doonien Ser eat peeen aA: a eens en Say od Laenacy Satataneny nes I. Soc. Biblphy nat. Fist. (1970) 5 (4): 288. Reeve, L. A. and G. B. Sowerby, Conchologia Iconica (1€43-78) : the original pattern set By RICHARD I. JOHNSON > This work was published by L. Reeve and Co. Ltd im 20 quarto volumes, consisting of letterpress and 2,727 lithograph plates illustrating some 27,000 mollusks. All but five of the plates were hand colored. In addition, volume 5 contains a plim porta of Hesh Cuming (1791-1865) on whose collection the work is largely based. Reeve (1814-45) died the same year that the Cuming collection was purchased by the Bosh Museom (Natural History). Sowerby (1812-84) edited the unfmished portion of volume 15 and part of the frst monograph, Unio, m volume 16. It is necessary to refer 20 the mdex to Se anes of Unionidac dace in it. The remainder of the work was written by Sowerby. L. Reeve and Co. Ltd remamed im business, and continued to sell parts of the Con- chologia Iconica from the Oast House, Brook, Kent, until 1958. Monographs were offen colored to order, and I do not think any plain ones were ever sold. The remainins stock, which was small, was sold to A. Asher and Co. of Amsterdam. The complete onemal pattern set, which had been used as the standard for coloring subsequent copiss, re- maimed in England. (It does not include the cancelled supplemenmry plete 4 t0 Comns or the text and plate to Polidpes which were also cancelled) Ic can not be determmed if this pattern set was used to prepare all sets down to 1958. Recently, & found is-away into the hands of a dealer and I was able to purchase it. Some of the plates show wear from continuous handling. Some figures have been cut ont and pasted to the plates Occasionally, there are annotations in penal and ink notine desired differences m colora- tion. A number of the plates have been sent through the mail and on the reverse sde have date and postal stamps of the 1850's on them. The set also incndes hundreds of duplicate plates, often in superior condition to the originals. This unigee set was pre- sented to the library of the Department of Mollusks, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., in 1968. REFERENCE Hamarron, W. J., 1866. Lovell Reeve. Q. Ji geol. Soc. Lond. 22>xxxi—-xxxiv. CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA: OR, LEE USAT EONS OF THE SHELLS OF MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS VOL. XV. CONTAINING MONOGRAPHS OF THE GENERA SOLARIUM. TORNATELLA. PYRAZUS. SIGARETUS. PYRAMIDELLA. LAMPANIA. MARGINELLA. CERITHIUM. TYMPANOTONOS. ANCILLARIA. BULIMA. LEIOSTRACA. OVULUM. VERTAGUS. NISO. ~ BRATO., TELESCOPIUM. POTAMIDES. CARINARIA. CERITHIDEA. BY LOVELL AUGUSTUS REEVE, F.L.S., F.G.S., CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF WURTEMBERG, OF THE LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK, OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, AND OF THE ZOOLOGICO-BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF VIENNA. “ Nothing in his life Became him like the leaving it; he died As one that had beea studied in his death ‘Lo throw away the dearest thing he ow'd As ’twere a careless trifle.” Shakspeare. LONDON: LOVELL REEVE & CO., HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1866. MONOGRAPH SOLARIUM. Solarium PLT. Vincent. Brooks [mp SOLARIUM. Pirate I. Genus SOLARIUM. Lamarck. Testa subdepresse conoidea, fulvescente-spadicea, fusco varie | maculata et zonata, spird subobtusd, anfractibus sex ad octo, angustis, porrecte concolutis, umbilico per- amplo, perspectico, columella nulla, apertura subquad- rangulari, parca. Shell somewhat depressly conoid, fulvous drab, variously spotted and zoned with brown, spire rather obtuse, whorls six to eight, narrow, convoluted in a wide- spread manner, umbilicus very large, perspective, no columella ; aperture nearly square, small. Genus Solarium is here restricted to the well-known Linnean Trochus perspecticus and its allies, including four small species, set apart by Dr. Gray as genus Phi- lippia, of which the Mediterranean S. luteum is the type. Dr. Gray’s genus Jorinia, embracing an interesting series | of small species hitherto referred to Solarium, will appear | as a separate monograph. They will be found to differ in several important particulars from Solarium proper, and | thus to form a natural group of themselves. Twenty-one species, four of which it will be seen in the course of our remarks are doubtful, are referred in this monograph to Solarium. They are characterized by a more than common uniformity of growth, and even of colour and marking. Composed of from six to eight | narrow obliquely quadrangular whorls, convoluted in an unusually wide-spread manner, a very large umbilicus is formed, penetrating to the inner wall of the apex, and — the innermost edge of the whorls being conspicuously cre- nulated throughout, a curiously deceptive spiral line of perspective is presented. The effect is best seen on look- ing into the umbilicus—the hollow axis of convolution — with the shell held close to a lamp or to the flame of a candle. The predominant colour of the shell of Solarium is a yellowish or creamy-drab, and the marking consists of bands, spots, and dots, of reddish-chestnut or brown. The animal of Solarium, which is furnished with a horny operculum, partakes of the character of Trochus and Turéo, and has the collar of the mantle reflected as in those genera, but the head, instead of being shaped like a proboscis, is prolonged into two elongated ten- tacles, somewhat after the manner of Buceinum and Pur- pura. The region of the Islands of the Eastern Archi- pelago is the principal seat of habitation of the species, — two, if not three of which range to Australia. It is doubt- — ful whether there is any Solarium peculiar to Australia. A small species, a very distinct one, S. orytropis, recorded from New Caledonia, does not appear to have been col- lected elsewhere. to the Philippine Islands, aud to the Society and Sand- wich Islands; and a small abnormal species, S. Juteum. inhabiting the Mediterranean, the only extratropical spe- cies, unless one or two extend southwards beyond that limit, is found, like Zizyphinus conuloides, in Australia also. The Solaria of the New World are limited to a characteristic type, represented in tropical America by S. granulatum, verrucosum, and quadriceps of Panama, Mexico. and the West Indies, and S. placentale of the Bay of Mag- S. cingulum and modestum are common | dalena, California. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) SoLakIUM PERDIX. Sol. testa depressé conoided, tenui, levigaté, pallidd, anfractibus subtumidis, superné cingulo unico dicisis, ad spiram minute plicato-stria- tis, ad peripheriam angulatd, tricarinatd, carina me- did prominente, majore crenulatd, cingulo et carinis maculis rufis subguadratis oruatis, umbilico modice patulo, crenulis parcis albis marginato. THE PARTRIDGE SoLagzium. Shell depressly conoid. thin, smooth, pale, whorls rather swollen, divided at the upper part by a single belt, minutely plicately striated at the spire, angled and three-keeled at the periphery, middle keel prominent, the larger crenu- lated, belt and keels ornamented with somewhat square red spots, umbilicus moderately open, mar- gined with small white crenules. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 22. Moll. Voy. Sulph. p. 50. pl. 14. f. 3, 4. Hab. Malacca, Ceylon, North-West Australia. A light and rather pale species, in which the red-brown spots are comparatively feeble and rather distant. The crenules of the periphery keel and of the margin of the umbilicus are conspicuous for their delicate pearl-like | character. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) SoLartum pictum. Sol. testd subdepresse conoided,-pur- April, 1864. SOLARIUM.—Ptate I. purascente-spadiced, anfractibus superne et inferne bi- cingulatis, cingulis rufo-castanco subremote articulatis, spire anfractibus conspicue oblique plicatis et crenatis, basi pallidd, maculis paucis, distantibus, subinconspi- cuis, umbilico valide crenulato, crenulis albis. Tun PArNTHD Sonartum. Shell rather depressly conoid, purple-fawn, whorls two-belted above and below, belts rather distantly articulated with reddish-chest- nut, whorls of the spire conspicuously obliquely pli- cated and crenated, base pale, spots few in number, distant, inconspicuous, unbilieus strongly crenulated, crenules white. Pninippr, Zeitschr. fiir Malak. 1848, p. 171; Kast. Conch. Cab. Sol. p. 15. pl. 3. f. 2. Solarium fragile ?, Winds. Hab. North coast of New Guinea (in seven fathoms, sand): Hinds. This comes near to S. purpuratum, but whereas the upper and lower parts of the whorls in that species are coloured with blotches inclined to form longitudinal streaks, here they take the form of unusually distant transverse articulations, and the corresponding difference is especially obvious on the base of the shell. My. Hinds’s Jragile, has priority, but it represents only a young and name, 8. doubtful state of the species, and the precise habitat is equally doubtful. Species 3. (AMLus. Cuming.) Sotartum Cuminert. Sol. testa modice conoided, livido- ludescente fulvo-castaneo fasciata, in anfractu ultimo oblique quadrato-strigata, anfractibus oblique plicatis et crenulatis, sulcis spiralibus decussatis, basi rufo exiliter articulatad, umbilico parviusculo, crenuilis rufo- Jusco marginatis. Cumine’s Souartum. Shell moderately conoid, livid yellowish, banded with fulvous chestnut, on the last whorl obliquely somewhat squarely streaked, whorls obliquely plicated and crenulated, decussated with spiral grooves, base lightly articulated with red, um- bilieus rather small, crenules edged with reddish brown. Haney, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 204. Hab. ——? This species, described by Mr. Hanley from a single speeimen in Mr. Cuming’s collection, I suspect to be an immature variety of S. fudiginosum. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) Sonartum Maximum. Sol. test@ modicé conoided, fulvo- spadiced, anfractibus spiraliter lineari-sulcatis, ad spiram oblique plicato-striutis, superné plicato-crenatis, castaneo-rufo maculatis, ad peripheriam bicingulatis et maculatis, umbilico amplo, margine crenulato parum colorato. Tre VERY LARGE Sovartum. Shell moderately conoid, fulvous-fawn, whorls spirally linearly grooved, ob- liquely plicately striated at the spire, plicately cre- nated and spotted with chestnut-red at the upper part, two-belted and spotted at the periphery, um- bilicus large, crenulated margin but little coloured. Puitrert, Zeitschr. fiir Malak. 1848, p. 170; Rust. Conch. Cab, Sol. p. 6. pl. 1. f. 2, 3. Solarium Taylori, Hanley. Hab. Java, Ceylon. Compared with its nearest ally, S. ¢érockleare, it will be found that this species differs amongst other characters in being spirally encircled with linear grooves, in being moze copiously obliquely plicately striated, and in not having any coloured belt below the spotted puckered margin next the suture. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) SoLarium purpuratuM. Sol. testa conoided, anfractibus subtumidis, ad spirain obligué plicatis, superné suleis duabus cinctis, maculis rufo-fuscis subgeminis ornatis, medio pallidé cinerea, ad peripheriam carinata, articu- lat® maculata, ad basin rufo radiatim strigatad, um- bilico subpatulo, crenulis fuscescentibus marginato. PURPLE-STAINED SoLartuM. Shell conoid, whorls rather swollen, obliquely plicated at the spire, en- circled round the upper part with two grooves, orna- mented with doubled red-brown spots, pale-ash in the middle, keeled, and articulaiely blotched at the periphery, radiately streaked with red-brown at the base. umbilicus rather open, margined with pale- THe fuscous crenules. SOLARIUM.—Ptare L Hrxps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 25. Moll. Voy. Sulph. p- 49. pl. 14. f. 1, 2. Solarium stellatum, Philippi. Hab. Moluccas. Marked in a characteristic manner next the suture with duplicated blotches of colour, and at the base with radiating streaks. Species 6. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) SoLARIUM FULIGINOSUM. Sol. testa laté conoided, livido- albidé, maculis oblongo-quadratis fuligineo-fuscis mar- | ginatd et conspicué obliqué tessellatd, anfractibus in- Jerioribus levigatis, ad spiram oblique plicatis, ad peripheriam carinatis et articulate cingulatis, ad basin | | | | | nitidé articulatis, umbilico subpatulo, crenulis validis | rufo-fuscis marginato. THE Dusky SoLarium. Shell broadly conoid, livid- white, margined and conspicuously obliquely tessel- lated with oblong-square dusky-brown blotches. lower whorls smooth, obliquely plicated at the spire, keeled and articulately belted at the periphery, neatly articulated at the base, umbilicus rather open, mar- gined with strong red-brown crenules. Hrnps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844; p. 158. Solarium maculatum, Reeve. Solarium Hanleyi, Sowerby. > Hab. Conspicuously distinguished by its ornamental painting of oblique oblong square blotches of colour. S. Hanleyi, described from the single specimen represented at Fig. 6 a, is a young shell in which the spire is abnormally de- pressed, and the base, by a correlation of growth, made convex. ae 7 i F (ne y — " Se es "a 1 Fier ae i Dy af a oe 41 TP @ : 7 7 : a Aah 1, a8 ‘tates Ma > i rm - ; - »f Dan. A re . , auf) Solarian FELL. Sewers ee 7 a. Sowerby, del. et lith Vincent Brooks, Imp SO rb ASK EWM Piate IT. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) SOLARIUM GRANULATUM. Sol. testd conoided, lutescente- carned, livido-purpureo tinctd, maculis punctisque cas- taneo-rufis distantibus sparsim cingulatd, anfractibus spiraliter sulcatis et granoso-verrucatis, basi multicre- natd, umbilico parviusculo. THE GRANULATED SoLaRruM. flesh-colour, stained with livid-purple, sparingly belted with distant chestnut-red spots and dots, whorls spi- rally grooved and granosely warted, base many-cre- nated, umbilicus rather small. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. ix. p. 98. Hab. Mexico. Shell conoid, yellowish It is much to be doubted whether this and the follow- ing are not varieties of one and the same species. The characters noted as distinctive characters are of very ques- tionable importance. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) SoLariuM vERRUCOSUM. Sol, testd depressé conoided, lutescente-lacted, subopacd, maculis parvis punctisque castaneo-rufis distantibus sparsim cingulatd, anfrac- tibus spiraliter excavato-sulcatis, versus apicem gra- noso-verrucatis, verrucis interdum duplicibus, basi mul- ticrenatda. THe warty Sotarium. Shell depressly conoid, yellow- ish cream-colour, rather opake, sparingly belted with distant small chestnut-red spots and dots, whorls spi- rally excavately grooved, granosely warted towards the apex, warts sometimes duplex, base many-crenated. Puitiert, Zeitschr. fir Malak. 1848, p. 172; Kuster, Conch. Cab. Sol. pl. 2. f. 5, 6. Solarium nobile, Hanley. Hab. West Indies. Compared with S. granulatum, the specimens assigned to which are conoid, more or less stained with livid purple, S. verrucosui is rather depressed and of an opake yellowish creain-colour. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) SoLaRIUM Lm@yicgatuM. Sol. testd conoided, cinereo- alba, rosaceo-purpurascente tincla, maculis punctisque aurantio-fuscis aspersd, anfractibus undique spiraliter lineari-sulcatis, levibus, ad peripheriam bicinctis, versus apicem oblique crenulatis, basi pallidé aurantio-fusco aspersa. SMOOTH SoLartum. Shell conoid, ash-white, stained with pinkish-purple, sprinkled with orange-brown spots and dots, whorls spirally linearly grooved throughout, smooth, two-belted at the periphery, ob- liquely crenulated towards the apex, base sprinkled THE with pale orange-brown. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. ix. p. 98. Hab. Kurrachee, mouth of the Indus. Readily distinguished by its comparatively smooth, li- nearly-grooved surface, and peculiar pinkish-purple colour- ing. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) SOLARIUM TROCHLEARE. Sol. test@ convexo-conoided, luteo-spadiced, anfractibus levibus, versus apicem ob- lique crenulatis, superné et inferné rufo-castaneo bi- cinctis, umbilico amplo, margine fusco tincto. THE PULLEY-LIKE SoLarium. Shell convexly conoid, yellowish-fawn, whorls smooth, obliquely crenulated towards the apex, two-belted above and below with reddish-chestnut, umbilicus large, margin stained with brown. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 25. Hab. Philippine Islands. From S. maximum, which this species so closely re- sembles in general aspect, S. trochleare may be distin- guished by its smoother and more convex form, and double belt of colour beneath the suture, with the absence of any spiral linear groove. Species 11. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming. ) So~ariumM PERsPECTIVUM. Sol. testd conoided, nunc ele- vatiusculd, nunc depress, albidd, livido-plumbeo plus minus tinctd, nigricante-castanco late zonatd et arti- culatd, anfractibus medio levihus, superne et inferne spiraliter lineari-sulcatis, undique oblique subremote impresso-striatis, basi eb margine umbilici nigricante- fusco articulatis. THE PERSPECTIVE SoLariuM. Shell conoid, sometimes April, 1864, SOLARIUM.—Ptare II. rather elevated, sometimes depressed, whitish, more or less stained with livid lead-colour, broadly zoned and articulated with dark chestnut, whorls smooth in the middle, spirally linearly grooved above and below, obliquely rather distantly impressly striated throughout, base and margin of the umbilicus arti- culated with dark-brown. Trochus perspectivus, Linnzeus, Syst. Nat. p. 1227. Solarium formosum, Hinds. Solarium zonatum, australe, and imcisum, Philippi. Hab. Amboyna; Australia. This species presents a darker, more decided spiral zone of colour than any other, and the ground-tint is of a inore sickly ash-white, passing into a livid lead hue. Mr. Hinds’ S. formosum is a more than usually conoid form of the species, richly banded and marked. Specics 12. (Mus. Cuming.) SoLarluM MopEsTUM. Sol. testa depresse conoided, ci- nerco-alba, livido-fulvescente tinctd, nigricante-caslaneo remote bizonatd, anfractibus levibus, superne et inferne lineari-sulcatis, versus apicem oblique impresso-striatis, bast pallida, vie immaculatd, margine umbilici opaco- eburneo. MopEST So“artuM. Shell depressly conoid, ash- white, stained with livid-fulvous, distantly two-zoned THE with dark chestnut, whorls smooth, linearly grooved above and below, obliquely impressly striated towards the apex, base pale. almost unspotted, margin of the umbilicus opake ivory-white. Puiirrt, Zeitschr. fiir Malak. 1848, p. 171. Hab. China; Society Islands. Probably a variety of the preceding species, in which the upper zone of colour is not so broad and the lower zone not articulated. The crenulated margin of the wn- bilicus is, moreover, opake ivory-white. Solarium PLItl. Sowerby, del.et hth Vincent Brooks, Imp. SOME Ashe UM, PLATE Species 13. (Mus. Taylor.) | SOLARIUM fuled, levigatd, spird valde depressd, anfractibus pla- PLACENTULA. Sol. testd discoided, pallidé nulatis, ordinate spiraliter striatis, ad peripheriam ob- tuse unicarinald, basi subtumidd, umbitico amplo, mar- gine subremote crenato. Tne LITLE CAKE So,arium. Shell discoid, pale ful- vous, smooth, spire very depressed, whorls flat, regu- larly spirally striated, obtusely one-keeled at the peri- phery, rather swollen at the base, umbilicus large, margin rather distantly crenated. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 22; p- 50. pl. 14. f 5, 6. Hab. Bay of Magdalena, California (in seven fathoms, sand) ; Belcher. Moll. Voy. Sulph. A small, very depressed species, encircled by a more than usually obtuse keel. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) SoLartuM LUTEUM. Sol. testd@ suboblusé conoided, luted, anfractibus declivi-convexis, levibus, decussatim mal- leatis, carinis duabus albis rufo-gemmatis ad periphe- riam cingulatis, umbilico parvo, parum crenato. THe YELLOW Souarium. Shell rather obtusely conoid, yellow, whorls slopingly convex, smooth, decussately malleated, encircled at the periphery with two white red-beaded keels, umbilicus small, but little crenated. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. ix. p. 100. Philippia lutea, Gray. ITab. Mediterranean; Australia. This well-known species, like the equally abundant Zizy- phinus conuloides, is common to the widely remote waters of the Mediterranean and Australia. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) SoLariuM oxyTropis. Sol. testd discoided, livido-albidd, nitente, rufescente pallidé promiscue variegatd et punc- lata, anfractibus levibus, obsoleté ordinate striatis, ad peripkeriam liratis et unicarinatis, umbilico subamplo, margine calloso-crenato. THE NARROW-KEELED SOLARIUM. Shell discoid, livid- MT. white, shining, promiscuously variegated and dotted with faint-red, whorls smooth, obsoletely regularly striated, ridged and one-keeled at the periphery, wn- bilicus rather large, callously crenated at the edge. Philippia oxytropis, Adams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 517. Solarium ovytropis, Hanley. flab. New Caledonia. Mr. Cuming’s specimen of S. oxytropis is an immature shell, but it is the young of a very different species with that to which it has been assigned, S. hybridum. It is a depressly discoid shell, of light structure, encircled at the periphery with a conspicuous keel, not beaded, but smooth, studded with faint red dots. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) SoLartum REGIUM. Sol. testd convexo-conoided, subde- pressa, purpurascente-carned, maculis punctisque cas- taneis duplicibus remote bicinetd, anfractibus superne et inferne lineari-sulcatis, ad peripheriam subacute carinatis, versus apicem granoso-verrucatis, basi pal- lidd, margine umbilici opaco-albo. Tue royau SoLartum. Shell convexly conoid, rather depressed, purple flesh-colour, distantly two-belted with duplex chestnut spots and dots, whorls linearly grooved above and below, rather sharply keeled at the periphery, granosely warted towards the apex, base pale, margin of the umbilicus opake-white. Han.ey, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 205. Hab. Qo This shell was selected by Mr. Hanley for publication in his recent monograph of this genus in Mr. Sowerby’s ‘Thesaurus Conchyliorum,’ but accidentally mislaid during The two belts of spots and dots are both characteristically cut its preparation, and not therefore included. through or duplicated by a spiral linear groove. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) SoLtartum DUNKERI. cente-spadiced, castaneo-rufo profuse articulate pune- Sol. testa convexo-conoided, fulves- tata et obscure oblique nebulald, anfractibus levibus, versus apicem oblique plicato-striatis, superne et uferne April, 1864. SOLARIUM.—Ptare III, bicarinalis, carinis crenulatis, umbilico parviusculo, margine opaco-albo. Dunxer’s Sonrartum. Shell convexly conoid, fulvous- drab, profusely articulately dotted and obscurely ob- liquely clouded with chestnut-red, whorls smooth, obliquely plicately striated towards the apex, two- keeled above and below, keels crenulated, umbilicus rather small, margin opake-white. Han ey, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 204. Hab. Indian Archipelago. Resembling S. perdix, but more conical and more pro- fusely spotted with chestnut-red. Species 18. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming. 5 ef) 5 SOLARIUM QUADRICEPS. Sulvescente, interdum lividé, anfractibus spiraliter Sol. testdé subdepressé conoided, lineari-sulcatis, ad spiram granoso-verrucatis, superne et inferné bizonatis, zonis castaneo-rufo grandimacu- latis, umbilico validé crenulato, crenulis rufescente- fusco tinclis. THE FoUR-ZONED Souarium. Shell rather depressly conoid, fulvous, sometimes livid, whorls spirally li- nearly grooved, granosely warted at the spire, two- zoned above and below, zones large-spotted with chestnut-red, umbilicus strongly erenulated, crenules tinged with reddish-brown. Winns, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 23. Hab. Bay of Panama (in five fathoms, among mud) ; Belcher. The young state of this shell is of the same wart-grained type as S. granulatum and verrucoswn, from the same loca- hty (Panama, Mexico, and the West Indies), but it grows to a much larger size, in which the grains gradually become obsolete. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) SoLartum cinauLtum. Sol. testd conoided, alba, fascia laté fulvo-rufescente cingulatd, colore hic illic in lineis obliquis descendente, anfractibus plano-declivibus, la- vibus, ad peripheriam biliratis, umbilico parvo, plicato- crenulato. Tur GIRDLE SoLartum. Shell conoid, white, encircled by a broad band of fulvous-red, which descends here and there in oblique lines, whorls flatly sloping, smooth, two-ridged at the periphery, umbilicus small, | plicately crenated. | Krener, Spec. Coq. Viv. Sol. p. 6. f. 6 a. Philippia cingulum, Gray. Hab. Sandwich Islands; Philippine Islands. The girdle of fulvous-red, with which this species is en- circled falls, in a very characteristic manner, into festoons | of oblique lines upon a shining ivory-white ground. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) Sotarium Reever. Sol. testd conoided, livido-carned, punctis subquadratis aurantio-fuscis profuse aspersd, anfractibus spiraliter lineari-sulcatis, ad spiram oblique impresso-striatis, ad peripheriam bicarinatis, umbilico parviusculo. Reeve’s SOLARIUM. fusely sprinkled with somewhat square orange-brown dots, whorls spirally lnearly grooved, obliquely im- | pressly striated at the spire, two-keeled at the peri- phery, umbilicus rather small. Haney, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 204. Hab. Sydney. Shell conoid, livid flesh-colour, pro- This, L suspect, is merely an Australian dwarf variety of S. levigatum, inhabiting the mouth of the Indus. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) Sonartum HyBripum. Sol. testd conoided, ad basin tu- midé, albidd, rufescente-aurantio profuse reticulato- nebulatd, anfractibus convexis, levibus, nitentibus, ad peripheriam obtuse tricarinatis, umbilico parvo. THE HYBRID SouartumM. Shell conoid, swollen at the base, whitish, profusely reticulately clouded with red- dish-orange, whorls convex, smooth, shining, obtusely three-keeled at the periphery, umbilicus small. Trochus hybridus, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. p. 1228. Trochus perspectiviunculus, Meuschen. Philippia hybrida and Layardi, Adams. Hab. Indian and Australian Seas. Compared with its nearest ally, 8. ciagudum, this common and widely-distributed species is of more swollen propor- | tions, quite convex at the base, more copiously coloured. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS SIGARETUS. * The merciful and gracious Lord hath so done his marvellous works that they ought to be had in remembrance.”’— David. Sigaretus PLT, SiG ACRE T-U.Si. PLATE I. Genus SIGARETUS, Adanson. Testa depresse orbicularis vel auriformis, nunquam umbili- cata, spird pared, brevi, interdum plano-immersd, an- fractibus plerumque quatuor, ultimo perampliter inflato, sepissime spiraliter inciso ; apertura inflata, columella tenue calloso-reflexd. Shell depressly orbicular or ear-shaped, never umbilicated, spire small, short, sometimes flatly immersed, whorls generally four, the last very largely inflated, mostly spirally incised; aperture inflated, columella thinly callously reflected. Sigaretus 1s a mollusk of comparatively large size, en- closing an ear-shaped shell over the branchial and visceral portion of the body, within the embrace of two capacious lobes of the mantle. The shells are therefore for the most part without colour. In one or two species, where the shell is large and less enveloped by the animal, it par- takes of an ash-brown colour, tinged with livid-violet towards the apex, and is covered by a thin, horny epi- dermis. The only kind of sculpture which the shell pre- sents is in the form of spiral, rdge-like strize, mostly incised in the interstices. Between thirty and forty species of Sigaretus have been described, but as far as my own observations go, I can- not define more than the following twenty-six, including Sigaretus papilla and its allies, contained in PI. IV. and V., an umbilicated form of the genus, of which a separate group has been constituted with the title Naticina. Of the sixteen Sigareti proper, the largest and most conspicuous species, S. corcavus, is a native of the shores of Peru; this, and four species of smaller size inhabit- ing the West Indies and southern shores of North America, being all that have been collected in the western hemi- sphere. eastern hemisphere, are distributed as follows. The remaining eleven species, inhabiting the Six are natives of the islands of the Eastern Archipelago, two are from Malacca, two from Australia and Tasmania, and one, the original Sigaret of Adanson, from West Africa, this last species being of the same solid, subglobose type as the Peruvian S. concavus. The Naticina species range from Japan to Australia and New Zealand. Species 1. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS LHVIGATUS. Sig. testd ovata, convexo-depressi, July, spira vie exsertd, anfractibus subventricosis, spiraliter undato-striatis, striis subprominentibus, concentricé ar- cuato-plicatis ; semipellucido-alba. THE SMOOTH SIGARETUS. pressed, spire scarcely exserted, whorls rather ventri- Shell ovate, convexly de- cose, spirally wave-striated, strie rather prominent, concentrically arcuately plicated; semitransparent- white. Rectvz, Illus. Conch. Sig. p. 16. pl. 3. f. 9, 10. | Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (in sandy mud, at a depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. A semitransparent, concavely depressed shell, in which the spiral striae have almost the force of ridges, and are | s prominently waved. | Species 2. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) | StGaReTUs MArTINIANUS. convexe curvatd, solidiusculd, spira pared, parum ex- Sig. testa ovato-auriformi, serta, anfractibus circa spiram concavo-impressis, spi- raliter undato-striatis, striis plus minus obsoletis, con- centrice irregulariter plicato-corrugatis ; rufescente- Sused. Martini’s Sraaretus. Shell ovately ear-shaped, con- vexly curved, rather solid, spire small, but little ex- serted, whorls concavely impressed round the spire, spirally wave-striated, strize more or less obsolete, concentrically irregularly plicately wrinkled, reddish- brown. | Puitrept, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. i. p. 144. Sig. | ply late 5: | Zab. Island of St. Thomas, West Indies. | Distinguished from all other species of the genus by M. Recluz regards it as a its peculiar red-brown colour. variety of S. maculatus, but the shell is different in form, concavely impressed around the spire, more ear-shaped and more strongly plicately wrinkled. | Specics 3. (Pig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS CONCAVUS. tuse conicd, spird parum exsertd, anfractibus declivi- Sig. testa globoso-auriforini, ob- ventricosis, spiraliter plano-liratis, liris latis, inter- stitiis angustis, incisis, epidermide plus minus indutis ; | cinereo-fuscescente, spird livido-violaced, intus nitente | rufescente-castaned. 1864. SIGARETUS.—Ptate I. THE CONCAVE SiGarerus. Shell globosely ear-shaped, | obtusely conical, spire but little exserted, whorls | slopingly ventricose, spirally flatly ridged, ridges broad, interstices narrow, incised, more or less co- vered with an epidermis; ash-brown, spire livid- violet, shining reddish-chestnut in the interior. | Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. 9, p. 10. Sigaretus Grayi, Deshayes. Sigaretus cymba, Menke. Sigaretus maximus, Philippi. Hab. Bay of Callao, Peru (on a sand-bank, and at a depth of five fathoms) ; Cuming. | I do not participate in the opinion of M. Recluz and M. Deshayes that this well-known species, the largest of the genus, was incorrectly figured by Mr. Sowerby in his ‘Genera of Shells’ as Lamarck’s S. concavus. It is the only species of the genus inhabiting the locality to which Lamarck assigns it. Species 4. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS HaLioTorpEUS. Sig. testd oblique subglobosd, spird obtuse conicd, modice exsertd, anfractibus declivi- ventricosis, circa spiram depressiusculis, spiraliter lineari-liratis, epidermide tenui indutis ; sordide fusces- cente. HALIOvis-LIKE SIGARDTUS. globose, spire obtusely conical, moderately exserted, whorls slopingly ventricose, rather depressed around the spire, spirally linearly ridged, covered with a thin epidermis; dull-brown. THE Shell obliquely sub- Helix haliotoidea, Linnieus, Syst. Nat. 10th edit. p. 775. Le Sigaret, Adauson. Bulla velutina, Miller. Sigaretus haliotoideus, Lamarck. Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, West Africa. Here again the habitat assists in confirming the cor- rectness of Mr. Sowerby’s views in figuring this species in his ‘ Genera of Shells’ as the Linnzean Helix haliotot- It is the It is less glo- bose than the preceding species, with the spire more ob- deus, Le Sigaret, from Senegal, of Adanson. only West African species of the genus. tusely conical. Species 5. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Sregaretus Nerirormeus. Sig. testa oblongo-auriform, solidiusculd, spird subterminal, parva, anfractu ulti- mo depressé ventricoso, spiraliter lirato-striato, concen- tricé constricté plicato ; albidd, epidermide lutescente induta. Tue NERITE-LIKE SiGargtus. Shell oblong ear-shaped, rather solid, spire nearly terminal, small, last whorl depressly ventricose, spirally ridge-striated, concen- trically constrictedly plicated; white, covered with a yellowish epidermis. Helix Neritoidea, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1250. Hab. Straits of Malacca. Of a much less globose form than either of the last two species, generally rather constricted in growth. Sigaretus PLL. Sowerby, del.et hth. Vincent Brooks, imp. SVG ARE TUS. Prater IT. ; Species 6. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS ZONALIS. Sig. testa depresse auriformi, tenui, subcorned, spird parva, anfractibus subventricosis, spi- raliter obsolete striatis, concentrice dense tenue corrn- gatis ; lutescente-albd, obsolete rufescente-zonatd. THE ZONED SIGARETUS. thin, rather horny, spire small, whorls rather ventri- cose, spirally obsoletely striated, concentrically densely finely wrinkled ; Shell depressly ear-shaped, yellowish - white, obsoletely red- zoned. Cryptostoma zonalis, Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. de lV Astro- labe, vol. 2. p. 221. pl. 66 dis, f. 1 to 3. Hab. South Australia and Tasmania. A light, transparent, horny shell, in which the zone of colour selected to characterize it is but faintly indicated. Species 7. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS PLANULATUS. Sig. testd plano-auriformz, spira immersd, anfractibus parum convexis, spiraliter tenuistriatis, concentrice dense exilissimée corrugatis ; alba, epidermide tenui flavescente induta. THE FLATTENED SiGaretus. Shell flatly ear-shaped, spire immersed, whorls but little convex, spirally finely striated, concentrically, densely, very delicately wrinkled; white, covered with a thin yellowish epi- dermis. Recuvz, Llus. Conch. Sig. p. 21. pl. 3. f. 4. Hab. Island of Luzon, Pinlippines (in sandy mud, at a depth of about ten fathoms); Cuming. Straits, North Australia. Torres The spire is in this species flatly immersed, the shell being altogether very depressed, white, delicately sculp- tured, covered with a thin yellowish epidermis. Species 8. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Stearetus Javanicus. Sig. testd depresse orbiculari, spird viv easertd, anfractibus regulariter conveais, concentrice plano-liratis, interstitiis incisis, concentrice modice plicatis ; alba, versus apicem livido-violaced. Tue Java Stearnrcs. Shell depressly orbicular, spire searcely exserted, whorls regularly convex, concentri- cally flatly ridged, with the interstices incised, con- centrically moderately plicated; white, Jivid-violet towards the apex. Gray, Griffith’s Cuv. Anim. King. pl. 41. f. 1. Sigaretus insculptus, Adams and Reeve. Hab. Java. Island of Burias, Philippines (in sandy mud. at the depth of four fathoms); Cuming. A. broad, orbicular species, spirally finely flatly ridged and incised, of a particularly pure white, coloured towards the apex with livid-violet. Species 9. (Pig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS LaTIFascraTus. Sig. destd oblique globosa, tenuiculd, spird parva, parum exsertd, anfractu ultimo ventricoso, spiraliter lirato-striato, striis irregularibus. confertis, interstitiis incisis ; eandidd. THE BROAD-BANDED SIGareEtvs. Shell obliquely globose. rather thin, spire small, but little exserted, last whorl ventricose, spirally ridge-striated, strive irregular, close-set, interstices incised ; white. Apams and Rerve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 25. pl. 18. fe Male Hab. Eastern Seas. This species, of which Mr. Cuming possesses two or three specimens, approaches nearest to the West African S. Neritoideus, but it is of a lighter whiter substance, and more ventricose in form. Species 10. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Sicaretus Detesserri. Sig. testa depresse auriforit, spird pared, subimmersd, anfractibus plano-converis, spiraliter plano-liratis, liris plus minusve obsoletis, concentrice rude plicato-corrugatis ; cinereo-albd, Li- vido-fuscescente obscure interrupte fasciald, apice livido- violaceo. DeELESSERT’S SIGARETUS. spire small, nearly immersed, whorls flatly convex, Shell depressly ear-shaped, spirally flatly ridged, ridges more or less obsolete, concentrically rudely plicately wrinkled ; ash-white, obscurely interruptedly banded with livid brown, apex livid-violet. RecLuz, Illus. Conch. p. 21. pl. 3. f. 8. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines (in sandy mud, at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. The colouring of this species is characteristic, though only faintly indicated. August, 1864. We Oo £TE Hey ey ee 7 : a. © CP: ty eee _ {et aM ETD i ' ‘ J = i ma F =o — 44° Bai Ho tah : zy Pe eke ob - wr ne Sigaretus PLIIL 13.0. 15. Sowerby, del et lith. Vincent Brooks, Imp. SG A hE Wess Puate III. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) S1GARETUS INCISUS. Sig. testd depressissimeé ovata, spirad plano-immersd, unfractibus spiraliter plano - liratis, liris numerosis, subirregularibus, interstitiis incisis ; alba. THE ENGRAVED SIGARETUS. Shell very depressly ovate, spire flatly immersed, whorls spirally flatly ridged, ridges numerous, rather irregular, interstices incised ; white. Hab. Malacca. This is even a more flatly depressed shell than S. pla- natus, from which it differs essentially in being elabo- rately sculptured with spiral ridges. Species 12. (Fig. w, 6, Mus. Cuming.) SiGARErUs Cuviertanus. Sig. testé concavo-ovata, spiré parce, subprominuid, anfractibus subventricosis, liris equidistantibus undique spiraiiter funiculatis ; alba, spird carned. Covier’s Ste@aretus. Shell concavely ovate, spire small, rather prominent, whorls somewhat ventricose, spi- rally corded throughout with equidistant ridges . white, spire flesh-coloured. Recwuwz, Illus. Conch. Sig. p. 18. pl. 2. f. 2. Hab. Isle of Panay, Philippines (in soft mud, at a depth of about ten fathoms); Cuming. Sculptured with more regularity than is usual in the genus, while the apex of the shell has a characteristic tinge of flesh-colour. Species 15. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Sigaretus Lracui. Sv. testd laté orbiculari, convexo- depress, spird subimmersd, anfractibus subdeclivibus, spiraliter subobsoleté liralis et incisis ; albd, epider- mide stramined indutd. Leacu’s Sicaretus. Shell broadly orbicular, convexly depressed, spire rather immersed, whorls slightly sloping, spirally rather obsoletely ridged and incised ; white, covered with a straw-coloured epidermis. Gray, Sowerby, Genera of Shells, No. 19. Cryptostoma Leachii, De Blainville. Hab. West Indies. A fine, broadly-orbicular species, delicately sculptured with clearly defined though somewhat obsolete flattened ridges. | | Species 14. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS MACULATUS. Sig. testé concavo-auriformi, spiré pared, partim immerst, anfractibus circa spiram declici-constrictis, deinde ventricosis, concentricé pli- catis, profuse spiraliter lirato-striatis, striis irregula- ribus, undulatis ; alba, ferrugineo-fusco plus minus obscure interrupte maculata. SPOTTED SIGARETUS. spire small, partially immersed, whorls slopingly THE Shell concavely ear-shaped, constricted round the spire, then ventricose, concen- trically plicated, profusely spirally ridge-striated, stri irregular, finely waved; white, more or less obscurely interruptedly spotted with rust-brown. Say, Amer. Conch. pl. 25. Hab. Florida. The shells of this genus being all more or less covered by the mantle of the animal, they have seldom any colour or marking. The row of interrupted spots in this species is therefore characteristic. Species 15. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Sicarprus austratis. Sig. testd oblongo-auriformi, spird subprominuld, anfractibus convexis, spiraliter subobsoleté tenuistriatis, concentricé subprofuse plicato- striatis ; albd, rufescente-fusco pallide tinctd. THE SOUTHERN SiGargrus. Shell oblong ear-shaped, spire rather prominent, whorls convex, spirally rather obsoletely finely striated, concentrically somewhat profusely plicately striated ; white, faintly tinged with red-brown. Han ey, ‘ Young Conchologist’s Book of Species,’ frontis- piece. Hab. South Australia aud Tasmania. This approaches very near to S. zonalis, but differs in form, chiefly in being more constricted around the spire. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) Sicarerus perspecrivus. Sig. testd suborbiculari- ovati, depressd, spird immersd, anfractibus plano-con- vewis, spiraliter plano-liratis e¢ incisis ; albd. THH PERSPECTIVE S1Garetus. Shell somewhat orbi- cularly ovate, depressed, spire immersed, whorls flatly couvex, spirally flatly ridged and incised ; white. Say, Amer. Conch. pl. 25 fab. South Carolina. Very closely allied to S. Leachit of the West Indies, but more coarsely sculptured. August, 1864. Sigaretus PLIV. Sowerby, delet lith. Vincent Brooks, imp SIGARETUS. BEATE: LVie Species 17. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS COARCTATUS. ovata, albidd, epidermide fulod indutd, spird pared, Sig. testd umbilicatd, depresse anfractibus superne declivi-coarctatis, versus basin tu- midiusculis, spiraliter lineari-incisis. THE PRESSED Sicarerus. Shell umbilicated, depressly ovate, whitish, covered with a fulvous epidermis, spire small, whorls slopingly contracted round the upper part, rather swollen towards the base, spirally linearly incised. Hab. Singapore. A rather flattened species, the whorls being slopingly contracted round the upper part, rather swollen towards the base. Species 18. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS TUMESCENS. Sig. testd umbilicata, suboblongo- ovati, tenuiculd, ventricosd, albidd, epidermide tenui fuled, spirad parviuscnla, anfractibus convero-tumidis, * soiraliter lineari-incisis. {HE SWELLING Sraarptus. Shell umbilicated, some- what oblong-ovate, rather thin, ventricose, whitish, with a light fulvous epidermis, spire rather small, whorls convexly swollen, spirally linearly incised. Hab. ? Of a more oblong form than the preceding species, light and ventricose. Species 19. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS PAPILLA. Sig. testd modice umbilicatd, ob- longo-ovatd, subuuriformi, albidd, epidermide fuled partim imdutd, spird brevi, subexserta, anfractibus declivi-convexis, spiraliter lineari-ineisis, concentrice subrude plicatis. ‘THE NIPPLE SrGaAReTus. Shell moderately umbilicated, oblong-ovate, somewhat ear-shaped, whitish, partially covered with a fulvous epidermis, spire short, rather exserted, whorls slopingly convex, spirally linearly incised, concentrically rather rudely plicated. Nerita papilla, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. pl. 189. f. 1939. Sigaretus papilla, Gray. Naticina papilla, Recluz. Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines (on the sands at low water); Cuming. The spire acquires a nipple-like appearance from being rather exserted, so as to leave a deep suture round it. Species 20. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS NitipUs. Sig. testd umbilicatd, semiglobosd, albidd, epidermide fulvd induld, spird brevi, subpro- minuld, anfractibus declivi-convexis, tumidiusculis, spiraliter lineari-incisis. Tue NEAT SiGarerus. Shell umbilicated, semiglobose, whitish, covered with a fulvous epidermis, spire short, rather prominent, whorls slopingly convex, rather swollen, spirally linearly incised. Island of Ticao, Philippines (on the reefs at low water); Cuming. Hab. A very neat and characteristic species, approaching S. coarctatus. Species 21. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS OBLONGUS. Sig. testa profundé winbilicatd, oblongo-ovata, fulvescente, spiré brevi, subacuminatd, anfractibus declivibus, deinde convexo-tumidis, concen- trice densé filo-striatis. THE OBLONG SIGARETUS. long-ovate, fulvous, spire short, rather acuminated, Shell deeply umbilicated, ob- whorls sloping, then convexly swollen, concentrically closely thread-striated. Hab. ? The sculpture of this species is quite distinet from that of the preceding. Instead of incised linear grooves, it con- sists of numerous raised threads. September, 1864. Strep featvi Wea Tee ete. U3.0. Sowerby, deLet ith. Ua. Sigaretus PL. Vv Vincent Brooks, imp. See Gen eee tn UES PLatTE V. Species 22. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS EXIMIUS. tenui, depressd, opaco-alba, spird purvd, anfractibus Sig. testd vie umbilicatd, ovatd, dense spiraliter funiculatis, interstitiis minute cancel- latis. THE DELICATE SIGARETUS. ovate, thin, depressed, opaque white, spire small, whorls densely spirally corded, interstices minutely cancellated. Hab. Malacca (in sandy mud at the depth of seven fa- | thoms); Cuming. Shell scarcely umbilicated. | Delicately sculptured throughout with fine cord-like ridges, the interstices between which are minutely can- cellated. Species 23. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS PELLUCIDUS. semiglobosd, pellucido-alba, spird subobtusd, anfracti- | Sig. testa profundé umbilicata, bus superne declivibus, deinde tumidiusculis, spiraliter lineari-incisis, suleis juxta suturas validioribus. THE TRANSPARENT SiGaretus. Shell deeply umbili- cated, semiglobose, transparent-white, spire rather obtuse, whorls sloping round the upper part, then rather swollen, spirally lnearly incised, stronger next the sutures. Hab. Malacea. grooves A very transparent shell, but yet of rather solid structure. Species 24. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS PicTus. Sig. testd profundé umbilicatd, glo- boso-ovata, nitente-alba, strigis fulvescentibus lenti- ginosd, spird parva, anfractibus declivi-ventricosis, levibus. THE PAINTED StGaretus. Shell deeply umbilicated, globosely ovate, shining-white, freckled with fulvous streaks, spire small, whorls slopingly ventricose, smooth. Hab, Adelaide, South Australia, Of quite a distinct type from any of the preceding species, smooth shining white, faintly painted with fulvons streaks. Species 25. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS ARGENTEUS. Sig. testd vie umbilicatd, de- presse ovatd, candidd, spird parva, parum exsertd, an- Sractibus undique spiraliter liratis et striatis. THE SILVER SIGARETUS. pressly ovate, white, spire small, but little exserted, Shell scarcely umbilicated, de- whorls spirally ridged and striated throughout. Hab. Australia; Jukes. Of the same characteristic form as the little S. eazmins just described, and sculptured in an almost similar manner. Species 26. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) SIGARETUS FIBULA. Sig. testd umbilicatd, semiglobosd, solidiusculd, alba, spird parva, obtusa, anfractibus superne declivibus, deinde gibbosiusculis, levibus, vel oblique minutissime striatis. THE BUTTON SiGaretus. Shell umbilicated, semiglo- bose, rather solid, white, spire small, obtuse, whorls sloping round the upper part, then rather gibbous, smooth, or obliquely very minutely striated. Hab. ——? This little species, it will be observed, has no spiral sculpture. It is ef solid growth, rather conspicuously umbilicated. September, 1864. aa a: ae oe * on ) pa ° = ia ae i ge: ney: a : 3 rae au) A ew & ra a ph oe = ra. asbenent » is bien’ Nile J snus CC ere oha Vte cents ious ANG 4 ~ = ae oa i 4 ie ‘ig : ah ig Si i ar SO Fee 4 Yqupd ‘ HRT af iia argenteus, Reeve . . australis, Hanley... .. . coarctatus, Reeve .... coneavus, Lamarck . Cuvierianus, Recluz . . cymba, Menke... Delessertii, Recluz.... eximius, Reeve ...... fibula, Reeve... 2... Grayi, Deshayes . es haliotoideus (Helia), Linneeus INCISUSs LCCC eae eens insculptus, Adams and Re seve . Javanicus, Gray... .. levigatus, Recluz .. Se Ga Aw he te EiUas: Plate. Species. | V. 25 Il. 15 IV. 17 Tl 3 II. 12 I. 3 Te 10 Wis 22 VE 26 It 3 Ts 4 ILL. ml IT. 8 Il. s Me 1 latifasciatus, 4dams and Reeve Leachii (Cryptostoma), Gray .. . maculatus, Say . . Martinianus, Philippi . maximus, Philippi.......... oblongus, Reeve...... Neritoideus (/Ze/ir), Tneened nitidus, Reeve . : papilla (Neritays ‘Chemnitn pellucidus, Reeve perspectivus, Say...... pictus, Reeve... . planulatus, Recluz . tumescens, Reeve . . zonalis (Cryptostoma), (afte: ; Species MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MARGINELLA. “ Great Builder of Mankind, canst thou propound All this to thy bright eyes, and not confound Thy handiwork ?”— Quarles. Marginella PLI. Sowerby, del et lith Vincent Brooks Imp NEAR GSEN EE LA: Prate I. Genus MARGINELLA, Lamarck. Testa oblongo-ovata vel pyriformis, polita, ad basin emargi- nata, spird brevi, interdum immersd, labro plerumque varicoso-reflexo, apertura subangustd, columella plicatd, plicis sepissime quatuor. Shell oblong-ovate or pear-shaped, polished, emarginated at the base, spire short, sometimes immersed, lip generally varicosely reflected, aperture rather narrow, columella plaited, plaits mostly four in number. The genus Marginella comprises a pretty numerous group of small Volutes, partaking of the characters of the Cowry. As in Voluta, the shell is of an oblong-ovate or pear shape, short in spire, with the columella plaited. As in Cyprea, the spire is sometimes wholly immersed, and the aperture is extended linearly to the summit, while the outer surface of the shell is highly polished from its contact with the animal. It was shown by Adanson, to- wards the close of the last century, in his ‘ Voyage en Sénégal,’ that the shell of Marginella is enveloped by the mantle of the animal; and M. Deshayes, from observations made on the shores of the Mediterranean, describes the animal as having a thin, capacious disk, reflected over the edge of the shell, with the mantle extending on either side, as in Cyprea, into a thin lobe, closing together chiefly behind, so as to leave a narrow opening on the back. In- teresting observations were also made on Marginella by Mr. Arthur Adams during the voyage of the ‘Samarang.’ M. diadochus was taken alive by him in the Straits of Sunda, and MW. undulata on the east coast of Africa. His exquisite drawings of the living forms of those species, published in the Zoology of that Voyage, exhibit the mantle partially retracted. It will be seen by these figures that the animal is characterized by a striking variety of marking and brilliancy of colouring, contrasting conspicu- ously in both instances with the shell. The small cylindrical species of Marginella, of which the shell is mostly of a delicate, transparent substance, and in some specimens quite of glassy tenuity, were sepa- rated by Lamarck to form his genus Volvaria. Mr. Hinds proposed to separate them as a subgenus, with the title Volvarina, using the trinomial form of nomenclature. Out of a hundred and fifty species, described in the following monograph, the habitats are known of about two-thirds. The great centre of habitation of the genus is West Africa, about Senegal and Cape Blanco. Here dwell five-and-twenty species, comprising all the more striking and beautiful of the genus. Goodalli, limbata, aurantia, bifasciata, Adansoni, pseudo- Saba, splendens, Belcheri, nodata, Cleryi, musica, and others, extremely diverse in painting and general typical character, are all natives of this locality. East Africa contributes eight species, among which are the beautiful I. pyrum aud mosaica. Four species, including the curiously cylindrical M. dactylus, are recorded from the Cape of Good Hope. No more than about a dozen species have been collected in the great area of the eastern archipelago, China, Bor- neo, and Malacca,—only a single small species, MZ. Philip- pinarum, being found by Mr. Cuming during his extended researches amongst the Philippine Islands. Tasmania furnishes two small species of a special type, I. formicaria and muscaria; and Australia eight species, among which are two of singular delicacy and beauty, JZ. puichella and De Burghie. Two small. species have been lately de- sciibed from the islands of the Pacific. Nearly as many species of Marginelia inhabit the West- erm as the Eastern Hemisphere, but they are mostly of small size, though the colossal J/. dudlata is among the number. This remarkable species, together with the equally characteristic I. Largillieri, fulminata, angustata, and three others are inhabitants of Brazil. As many as twenty-six are recorded from the West Indies, mostly small, but several of them are beautifully marked ; the most noticeable is perhaps JZ. muralis, from the circum- stance of its being of the same specific type as the J. M. glabella, Cumingiana, | pulchella and De Burghie of Australia. Two very beau- tiful species, M. dadiata and cincta, are from Mexico, and the latter of these is of the same specific type as the J/. marginata of Senegal. Two species are recorded from Venezuela, one being the very characteristic I. porcel- Jana, and three from Honduras. On the western coast of America a solitary species, M/. curéa, occurs at Peru, three at Panama, including the typical I. prunum and sapo- tella, and two at California. The northern limit of the genus in the Eastern Hemi- sphere is represented by one very small species in the Me- diterranean, the Linnean WM. miliaria, the range of which extends to Madeira. Montagu, as far back as 1803, de- scribed two species, MW. pallida and catenala, as British species, and they were included by subsequent writers, to the time of Forbes and Hanley, in the British fauna; they were shown however by these authors to be natives of the West Indies. January, 1865. MARGINELLA.—Ptate I. Species 1. (Pig. a, 6, c, Mus. Taylor; Fig. d, Mus. Cuming.) MaRGINELLA GLABELLA. Marg. testé ovato-turbinatd, subtrigond, carned vel livido-purpurascente, obscure bifasciatd, albo-floccatd, ad suturas flammulatd, spird conico-easertd, anfractibus superné declivi-gibbosis, la- bro calloso-reflexo, sepe aurantio, apertura subpatuld, columella quadriplicata. GLOssY MARGINELLA. THE Shell ovately turbinated, somewhat triangular, flesh-coloured or livid-purple, | obscurely two-banded, flaked with white, flamed at | the sutures, spire conically exserted, whorls slopingly gibbous round the upper part, lip callously reflected, often tinged with orange, aperture rather wide-open, columella four-plaited. Voluta glabella, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1189. Marginelia glabella, Lamarck. Hab. Senegal, West Africa. This species, in its finest state, is of a rich livid-purple colour, enamelled with orange. Species 2. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 6, Mus. Taylor.) MARGINELLA BULLATA. Marg. testd cylindraceo-ovatd, subpyriformi, fulvescente-spadiced, aurantio - tinctd, spird immersd, anfractibus superné contractis, deinde gibbosiusculis, versus basin attenuatis, labro crasseé re- Jlexo, intus obsolete crenulato, apertura curvatd, colu- mella quadriplicata. THE BUBBLE-SHAPED ManrGINELLa. Shell cylindrically ovate, somewhat pear-shaped, fulvous-drab, stained with orange, spire immersed, whorls contracted at the upper part, then rather gibbous, attenuated towards the base, lip thickly reflected, obsoletely crenulated within, aperture curved, columella four-plaited. | Voluta bullata, Born, Mus. Vindob. p. 218. Marginella bullata, Deshayes. Marginella Bellangeri, Kienev. Hab. Brazil. Lamarck curiously confounded this remarkable species with the little 2. angustata from the same locality. After describing the small species, and giving its dimensions as ten lines, he adds, “but it appears that it becomes very | much larger.” Marginella PLIL Sowerby, del et hth Vincent Brooks,Imp MARGINELLA. PATE lls Species 3. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ManrGIneELLA Burcnarpi. Marg. testa ventricoso-ovata, pallidé livido-cinerascente, immaculatd, spird parvd, anfractibus superneé tumidiusculis, labro calloso-reflexo, columella quingue-plicatd, plicis angustis, prominen- | tibus, constrictis. Burcuarp’s MarGINELLA. Shell ventricosely ovate, | pale livid ash, unspotted, spire small, whorls rather swollen round the upper part, lip callously reflected, columella five-plaited, plaits narrow, prominent, con- stricted. Dunker, Zeitschr. fiir Malac. 1852, p. 61. Hab. Kast Africa. Nicobar Islands. Ceylon. An almost colourless species, passing into JZ. wadulata. Species 4. (Fig. a, 6, e, 7, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA ELEGANS. Marg. testa subpyriforimi-ovatd vel oblonga, solidiusculd, cinerea, punctis lineisque brevibus griseis copiose fasciatd, labro et columellié vivide rufo-aurantiis, spird brevi, obtusé, interdum | | partim occulta, anfractibus superné tumidis, labro valde | calloso, columella quinque- vel sex-plicatd ELEGANT MarGINeLLa. Shell somewhat pyri- formly ovate or oblong, rather solid, ash-coloured, THe copiously banded with grey dots and short lines, lip and columella bright yreddish-orange, spire short, obtuse, sometimes partially concealed, whorls swollen round the upper part, lip very callous, columella five- or six-plaited. Foluta elegans, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3448. Meargineila elegans, Niener. Hab. East Indies. Nicobar Islands. Dra Trail! This very beautiful species is to be recognized by its Straits of Malacca ; solid growth and spirally banded colouring, as distin- | guished from the longitudinally waved colouring of JV. undulata. Species 5. (Fig. 5 a, 5 6, 6a, 6 6, Mus. Taylor.) MaRGINELLA UNDULATA. Marg. testd ventricoso-ovatd, cerulescente-cinered, griseo tenue longitudinaliter un- dulatié, labro et columelld rufo-aurantio tinctis, spird pared, subimmersa, anfractibus medio tumidiusculis, labro calloso-reflexo, columella quinqueplicata, plicis constrictis. THe WaveD MaARGINELLA. bluish-ash, thinly longitudinally waved with grey, lip and columella tinged with orange-red, spire small, a little immersed, whorls rather swollen in the middle, lip callously reflected, columella five-plaited, plaits Shell ventriecosely ovate, constricted. Foluta glabella undulata, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. 10. p. 166. pl. 150. f. 1423, 1424. Marginella undulata, Deshayes. Voluta strigata, Dillwyn. Marginella strigata, Wiener. Hab. East Africa. Distinguished from the preceding species by its longi- tudinally-waved pattern of colouring, and lighter, more ventricose growth. August, S64. Marginella PLM. Vincent Brooks Imp owerby, del.et Lith 2 IVE As ToGo Tl Ne EaslisA. Puate III. Species 6. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MarGinetita Perivir. Marg. testé subpyriformi-ovatd, solidd, nitente, albd, pallidé rubescente-carneo subobli- que promiscue late undatd, punctis fuscis irregularibus plus minus obscure undique fasciatim piperata, spird subprominuld, anfractibus superné declivi-angulatis, labro incrassato, columella quadriplicatd, apertura sub- patuld. Petits MarGIneiua. Shell somewhat pyriformly-ovate, solid, shining, broadly-waved with pale ruddy flesh-colour, more or less obscurely bandedly peppered throughout with irregular brown dots, spire rather prominent, whorls slopingly angled round the upper part, lip thickened, columella four-plaited, aperture rather open. Duvat, Revue Zool. Cuv. 1841. p. 278. Hah. 2 white, promiscuously rather obliquely A most traly delicate and beautiful species, of which there is a specimen in the collection of Mrs. De Burgh even larger than the specimen figured. Species 7. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MaRGINELLA HELMATINA. Marg. testd ovatd, carules- cente-cinered, punctis griseis umbratis copiosé aspersit, maculisque in fasciis duabus distantibus ad apicem lineata, spiré conicd, anfractibus supernée rotundatis et obscure plicatis, labro conspicué reflewo, columelld quadriplicatd. Grey ManrGineira. Shell ovate, bluish ash-colour, copiously sprinkled with grey-shaded dots, with spots in two distant bands, lineated at the apex, spire conical, whorls rounded and obscurely plicated at the upper part, lip conspicuously reflected, colu- mella four-plaited. Rana, Mag. de Zool. 1829, class 5. pl. 5. Hab, Senegal, and Mouth of the Gambia, West Africa. THE Distinguished by a copious and characteristic painting of numerous shaded or dashed dots of bluish-grey, passing at the apex into radiating lines, | MARGINELLA LIMBATA. Species 8. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA CUMINGIANA. cente-cinered, punctis griseis umbratis, sepe longitudi- Marg. testé ovata, cerules- naliter undatis, copiose aspersd, maculisque in fasciis duabus distantibus, ad apicem lineata, spird conicd, anfractibus superné rotundatis et obscure plicatis, labro conspicue refleco, columella quadriplicatd. CUMING’s MaRGINELLA. copiously sprinkled with grey-shaded dots, often lon- Shell ovate, bluish ash-colour, gitudinally waved, with spots in two distant bands, lineated at the apex, spire conical, whorls rounded and obscurely plaited at the upper part, lip conspi- cuously reflected, columella four-plaited. Perit, Revue Zool. Cuv. 1841. p. 185. Hab. Senegal, and Mouth of the Gambia, West Africa. I adopt this species with reluctance, suspecting it to be merely a large and fine state of the preceding species, M. helinatina. a, 6, Mus. Cumine.) to} Species 9. (Fig. MarGinetta Goopatir. Marg. testa obtuse pyriforini, rubescente-aurantid, maculis niveis rotundatis, subequi- distantibus aspersd, spird abbreviato-conicd, anfrac- tibus superne gibboso-anguiatis, inferne subrostratis, labro inxcrassatée refleco, intus crenulato, columella quadriplicata. GoopALL’s ManrGINELLA. ruddy orange, sprinkled with almost equidistant, Shell obtusely pear-shaped, round, snow-white spots, spire shortly conical, whorls gibbously angled round the upper part, somewhat beaked at the lower, lip thickly reflected, crenulated within, columella four-plaited. Sowersy, Tankerville Cat. app. p. 30. pl. 2. f. 2. Hab. Senegal, West Africa. This very beautiful, and now well-known species, is quite unapproached in character by any other. Species 10. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Marg. testé sublate ovatd, so- lida, callosd, cerulescente-alba, fulvo-fuscescente longi- August, 1864. MARGINELLA.—Ptiate III. tudinaliter lineari-strigatd, strigis distantibus, inter- gibbous round the upper part, lip callously thickened, dum undulatis, labro fusco-nigro conspicue vittato, spud columella four-plaited. parviusculd conicd, anfractibus superne gibbosis, labro | Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. 10. p. 438, Ene. Méth. calloso-incrassato, columella quadriplicaté. pl. 376. f. 2 a, 6. THE BORDERED MarGineLia. Shell rather broadly | Had. Mouth of the Gambia, West Africa. ovate, solid, callous, bluish - white, longitudinally | linearly streaked with fulvous-brown, streaks distant, sometimes a little waved, lip conspicuously filleted with fuseous-black, spire rather small, conical, whorls | Another very distinct species, especially characteristic in the dark filleted blotching on the reflected edge of the lip. Vincent Brooks, Imp Marginella PLIV. 11.6 Sowerby, del. et ith MEAG Gob IN Gis Ar Piate IV. Species 11. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA PIPERATA. flavescente-cinered, maculis parvis punctisque nigris Marg. testa subobtusé conicd, copiosé lentiginosd, lineis capillaribus cingulatd, an- fractibus superne gibboso-angulatis, labro incrassato, conspicue nigro maculato. THe PEPPERED MarGINneLua. Shell rather obtusely conical, yellowish ash-colour, copiously freckled with small black spots and dots, encircled with fine hair- lines, whorls gibbously-angled round the upper part, lip thickened, conspicuously spotted with black. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844. p. 72. Hab. Natal, East Africa. Allied to JZ. rosea, but of a more obtusely conical form, plentifully freckled throughout with black spots and dots, while there is a perceptible banding of fine hair-lines. Species 12. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming; Fig. c, Mus. Taylor.) MARGINELLA Mosatca. Marg. testé abbreviato-conicd, albd, olivaceo-viridi nebuloso-tessellatd aut vittata, spird subobtusd, anfractibus superne ventricoso-angu- latis, labro modice reflexo ; apertura subpatuld. THE MOSAIC MarGINeLLA. Shell shortly conical, white, cloudedly tessellated or filleted with olive-green, spire rather obtuse, whorls ventricosely angled round the upper part, lip moderately reflected ; aperture rather open. SoweErsy, Thes. Conch. Marg. p. 381. p. 75. f. 58, 59. Hab, Kast Africa. Though bearing a strong general resemblance to JZ. pyrum, this is really a very distinct species. It is of a shorter conical form, more ventricosely angled, with the painting tessellated or disposed in transverse fillets. Be- sides the two specimens here figured from Mr. Cuming’s and Mr. Taylor’s collections, there is a particularly fine specimen in the collection of Mrs. De Burgh. Species 13. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor; Fig. c, Mus. Cuming.) MarGinetta pyrum. Mary. testé pyriformi-ovatd, al- bidd, lineis griseis, ad latus umbratis, longitudinaliter mterrupte undatis, spird prominuld, anfractibus su- perne declivi-angulatis, labro modicé incrassato. Tue PEAR MarGINeLua. Shell pyriformly-ovate, whitish, longitudinally- irregularly interruptedly waved with grey lines, shaded at the side, spire rather prominent, whorls slopingly angled round the upper part, lip moderately thickened. Voluta pyrum, Gronovius, Zooph. tab. exp. p. 5. pl. 19. f..13, 14. Voluta picta, Gmelin. Marginella nubeculata, Lamarck. Marginella pyrum, Deshayes. Hab. Hast coast of Africa. This species, better known under Lamarck’s name of nubeculata, was clearly named pyrum half a century be- He did not use the binomial form of nomenclature in the body of his work, but adopted it in his explanation of the plates. fore by Gronovius. Species 14. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA ROSEA. rosed vel cinered, lineis brevibus nigricantibus, ad latus Marg. testa conico-oblonga, pallide albo-maculatis sparsim lentiginosd, spird subobtusd, anfractibus superné tumido-angulatis, labro modicé in- crassato, fusco-nigricante sparsim punctato ; apertura subpatuld. Tue rose Marcinenta. Shell conically oblong, pale- rose or ash-colour, sparsely freckled with short black lines, blotched with white at the side, spire rather obtuse, whorls tumidly angled round the upper part, lip moderately thickened, sparingly dotted with fus- cous-blank ; aperture rather open. Lamarcx, Anim. sans vert. vol. 10. p. 438. Hab. Senegal, West Africa. Cape of Good Hope and Natal, South Africa; Krauss. The rose-colouring of this species is always very deli- cate, and often partakes largely of a dull yellowish-ash tone. August, 1864. Marginella PLY. 17a 18.a@ Sowerby, del et lith Yncent Brooks, Imp MAG ROG: TN: Boi Lek: PuatTe V. Species 15. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MarGINELLA Newcomsr. Marg. testa ovatd, solidius- culd, callosd, flavescente-albd, rosaceo-cinereo tinctd et undatd, punctis nigris undique vittatd, spird subobtusd, anfractibus superné gibboso-rotundatis, inferné subcon- tractis, labro valde incrassato fusco-nigro sparsissime punctato. Newcoms’s MArGINELLA. Shell ovate, rather solid, callous, yellowish-white, tinged and waved with pink- ash colour, filleted throughout with black dots, spire rather obtuse, whorls gibbously rounded at the upper part, rather contracted at the lower part, lip much thickened, very sparingly dotted with fuscous-black. | Hab. Lagulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope. This shell, which I find in Mr. Cuming’s collection with the name Newcomdi in manuscript, may be said to differ from JZ. rosea chiefly by its more solid, callous growth ; it is, however, a doubtful species. Species 16. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA AURANTIA. vivide carneolo-aurantid, punctis albis sparsim lenti- ginosd, spird subobtuse conicd, anfractibus convexis, labro calloso-incrassato. THE ORANGE MarGIneLua. Shell rather narrowly ovate, bright carnelian-orange, sparingly freckled with white dots, spire rather obtusely conical, whorls con- vex, lip callously thickened. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. 10. p. 439. Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, West Africa. Cape de Verd Islands. Well distinguished by its peculiar deep carnelian- orange colour, sparsely freckled with white. Marg. testé subanguste ovata, | | rose. | coloured variety. Species 17. (Fig. a, 4, c, d, Mus. Taylor.) MaRrGINELLa vittata. arg. testé subpyriformi-ovatd, rosed vel cerulescente-grised, lineis brevibus irregula- ribus fusco-nigricantibus spiraliter vittatd, vittis sub- distantibus, spird prominuld, anfractibus superne de- clivi-angulatis, inferné attenuatis, labro attenuato Susco-nigricante punctato. THE FILLETED MAaRrGINELLA. Shell somewhat pyri- formly-ovate, rose-coloured or bluish-grey, spirally filleted with short, irregular, fuscous-black lines, fillets rather distant, spire prominent, whorls slop- ingly angled round the upper part, attenuated to- wards the lower, lip thickened, dotted with fuscous- black. ab. A fine new species, of which Mr, Taylor possesses the two well-marked varieties figured in the accompanying Plate, one a uniform bluish-grey colour, the other a deep Mr. Cuming possesses also a specimen of the rose- ? Species 18. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MarGINELLA rRRORATA. Marg. testd conico-ovatd, sub- oblonga, pallidé carned, punctis albis undique copiose lentiginosd, spiré subacuminatd, anfractibus superne declivi-gibbosis, labro calloso-incrassato. THE BEDEWED MarGinetia. Shell conically ovate rather oblong, pale flesh-colour, copiously freckled throughout with white dots, spire somewhat acumi- nated, whorls slopingly gibbous round the upper part, lip callously thickened. Menke, Jay, Cat. p. 93. Hab. Senegal, West Africa. Closely allied to JL glabella, but more elongated in form, and more profusely more regularly dotted. August, 1864. ” a5 +t . raed r n Marginella PLV. eee oe 22.6. 23.@. Sowerby, delet lith. Vincent Brooks Imp. MARGINELLA. Puate VI. Species 19. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA OLIVMFORMIS. longa, violaceo-carned, lacleo-albo strigatd et nebulatd, spird breviusculd, anfractibus supernée declivi-turgi- dis; labro late iucrassato, aurantio marginato, intus rosacco. THE OLIVE-SHAPED MaRGINELLA. Shell conically oblong, violet flesh-colour, streaked and clouded with milky-white, spire rather short, whorls slopingly turgid round the upper part; lip broadly thickened, edged with orange, pinkish within. Krener, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 12. pl. 8. f. 36. Hab. Senegal, West Africa. A neat delicately-coloured species, prettily tinted in the interior with a warm pink. Species 20. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MaRGINELLA NIVOSA. Marg. testé subobeso-conicd, violaceo-spadiced, opaco-albé longitudinaliter floccata, spird brevi, anfractibus superné gibbosiusculis ; labro incrassato, albo. THB SNOW-FLAKED MarGIneELua. Shell rather stoutly conical, violet-fawn, longitudinally flaked with opaque white, spire short, whorls rather gibbous round the upper part ; lip thickened, white. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 74. Hab. West Indies. A round-shouldered shell, longitudinally flaked with opake-white, upon a peculiar violet-fawn ground. Species 21. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MarGinecta LaBrara. larg. tesla obeso-pyriformi, albidd, livido-violaceo tincld et obscure late trifasciatd, spird pared, brevissimd, anfractibus superne tumido- rolundatis, nitentibus ; labro late incrassato, aurantio marginato. Tue Lippep MarGineiia. Shell stoutly pear-shaped, very short, whitish, tinged and obscurely broadly three-banded with livid-violet, spire small, whorls Marg. testa conico-ob- | tumidly rounded at the upper part, broadly thickened, edged with orange. VALENCIENNES, Kiener, Icon. Coq. viv. pl. 11. f. 2. Hab. Gulf of Mexico. shining ;_ lip Remarkable for the delicacy of its shining livid enamel, and characteristic orange-bordered lip. Species 22. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MaRGINELLA LarGinurert. Marg. testa ovata, pallidé violaceo-spadiced, medio plus minus obscure latifas- ciald, maculis albidis eximiée floccatd, spird immersd, anfractibus convexo-rotundatis ; labro incrassato, au- rantio, columella triplicata. LarGILLier’s MarGrnetua. Shell ovate, pale violet- fawn, more or less obscurely broad-banded in the middle, delicately flaked with whitish spots, spire immersed, whorls convexly rounded; lip thickened, orange, columella three-plaited. Kiener, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 43. pl. 11. f. 3. Hab, Bahia. Another very delicate and beautiful species in which the spire is quite immersed, and the columella only three- plaited. Species 23. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MarGIneLLa curta. Marg. testd obtuse conicd, livido- grisea, opaco-allo copiose tenue lentiginosd, spird parvd, acutd, anfractibus superne gibboso-angulatis ; labro incrassato, aurantio marginato. Tur snort Maraineia. Shell obtusely conical, livid grey, copiously finely freckled with opaque white, spire small, sharp, whorls gibbously angled round the upper part; lip thickened, edged with violet. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 105. Hab. Iquiqui and Payta, Peru, (dredged from a bed of fine black sand), Cuming. t=} The most characteristic feature of this species is its | obtusely conical form, the upper part of the whorls being vibbously angled. August, 186+. dene Radanyoaat a : 7 _ _ d Hilo, oa Eee phe T) tpi eee ene pan Yee ; Marginella Pl VIL. Sowerby, del.et lith Vincent Brooks, Imp. MARGINELLA. Puate VII. Species 24. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MarGinevta FaBa. Marg. testé subfusiformi-ovatd, cinereo-albd, punctis grandibus nigris aspersd, spird elevatd, anfractibus superne declivi-angulatis, ad an- gulum longitudinaliter plicato-nodatis ; labro incrassa- to, intus denticulato. THE BEAN MaRGINELLA. ovate, ash-white, sprinkled with large black dots, Shell somewhat fusiformly spire raised, whorls slopingly angled round the upper part, longitudinally plicately noduled on the angle; lip thickened, denticulated within. Voluta faba, Linnwus, Syst. Nat. p. 1189. Marginella faba, Lamarck. Hab. Senegal, West Africa. Of a round subfusiform growth, rarely clouded with colour, while the black dots are bold aud conspicuous. Species 25. (Fig. a, 4, c, d, Mus. Taylor.) MarGINetia BirasciatTa. Marg. testd late subfusiformi- ovata, nebulata et cinereo-albidd, violaceo-griseo obscure bifasciatd, punctis minutis copiosé aspersd, spiré elevatd, anfractibus superne declivi-angulatis, ad angulum longitudinaliter plicato-nodatis ; labro late incrassato, intus denticulato. THE TWO-BANDED MarGINELLA. Shell broadly some- what fusiformly ovate, ash-white, clouded and ob- securely two-banded with violet-grey, copiously sprinkled with fine dots, spire raised, whorls slopingly angled at the upper part, longitudinally plicately noduled at the angle; lip broadly thickened, denti- culated within. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. 10. p. 438. Hab. Senegal, West Africa. Broader, more harp-shaped, than the preceding species, with much more variety of colour and marking, while the dots are minute and very numerous. Species 26. (Fig. a, 2, Mus. Cuming.) MaRGINELLA psBUDO-FABA. Marg. testa subfusiformi- ovatd, ad basin recurvd, albida, olivaceo-griseo undu- lato-strigatd, punctis nigris oblongis undique fasciaté, spird elevatd, anfractibus superne declivi-angulatis ; labro late inerassato, intus denticulato. THE FALSE-BEAN MarGINELLa. Shell somewhat fusi- formly ovate, recurved at the base, whitish, undu- lately streaked with olive-grey, banded throughout with oblong black dots, spire raised, whorls slopingly angled round the upper part; lip broadly thickened, denticulated within. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 96. Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, West Africa. Of an elegantly curved form, the finest species of this type of the genus, with the black dots more oblong, and more regularly disposed in bands. Species 27. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MarGINELLA ADANSONT. testa subfusiformi ovatd, cinered, griseo nebulatd, lineis ceruleo-nigris Marg. hic illic punctatis, profuse oblique undulata, spira elevatd, anfractibus superne obtuse declivi-angulatis, ad angulum longitudinaliter plicato-nodatis ; labro late incrassato, intus denticulato. Apanson’s MarGineLLa. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, ash-colour, clouded with grey, profusely, ob- liquely waved with blue-black lines, here and there dotted, s ‘ve raised, whorls slopingly obtusely angled at the upper part, longitudinally plicately noduled at the angle; lip broadly thickened, denticulated within. Kiener, Icon. Coq. viv. pl. 7. f. 27. Hab. Isle of Goree, West Africa. The most obvious peculiarity of this species is its crowded, obliquely waved painting of blue-black lines, which are peculiar in being dotted at intervals. Angust, 1864. | ner al ee Marginella Pl. VUL Sowerby, del.et lith Vincent Brooks Imp MARGINELLA. PLATE Species 28. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MaRrGINELLA FoRMIcULA. Marg. testd subfusiformi- ovatd, fulvescente-albd, spird elevatd, anfractibus su- perne concavo-angulatis, ad angulum plicato-nodulatis ; labro rotundato-incrassato, nitente. THE LITTLE aNT MaRrGINELLA. formly ovate, fulvous-white, spire raised, whorls con- cavely angled round the upper part, plicately noduled Shell somewhat fusi- at the angle; lip rotundately thickened, shining. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 441. Hab. Tasmania (in sandy mud at the depth of three fathoms) ; H. Benson. A small colourless species of the harpiform type. Species 29. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MaRGINELLA Mary. testé subfusiformi- ovata, diaphano-albd, nitente, carneo tinctd, spird ele- MUSCARIA,. vatd, anfractibus superné gibbosis, subangulatis, ad angulum callosis, obscure plicatis ; labro rotundato- incrassato, eburneo. THE FLY-LIKE MARGINELLA. formly ovate, transparent-white, shining, tinged with Shell somewhat. fusi- flesh-colour, spire raised, whorls gibbous, and slightly angled at the upper part, callous, and obscurely pli- cated at the angle ; lip rotundately thickened, ivory- white. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 441. flab. Tasmania. Very like the preceding species, but of a more gibbous callous growth, phanous coating of flesh-coloured enamel, the lip retaining an ivory-whiteness. as though overlaid with a shining dia- Species 30. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA SPLENDENS. Marg. testd subfusiformi- ovatd, fulvescente-cinered, maculis olivaceis arcuatis trifasciatd, undique tenui-punctatd, spird elevatd, an- Sractibus superne gibboso-rotundatis, longitudinaliter undique crebricostatis ; labro late incrassato, intus denticulato, THE SPLENDID MARGINELLA. Shell somewhat fusi- formly-ovate, fulvous-ash, three-banded with arched olive spots, everywhere finely dotted, spire raised, whorls gibbously rounded at the upper part, longitu- dinally closely ribbed throughout ; lip broadly thick- ened, denticulated within. WANUE, Humprureys, MS., Reeve, Conch. Syst. vol. ii. f 2, 3. Marginella Reeveana, Petit. Hab. Guinea, West Africa. Distinguished from all other species of the genus by its pl. 277. well-defined crowded sculpture of close-set longitudinal | ribs. Species 31. (Hig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA HARPHFORMIS. Marg. testd subfusiformi- ovald, fulcescente-albd, cinerco fasciatd, punctis nigris seriatim cinctd, spird elevatd, anfractibus superne obtuse angulatis, ad angulum longitudinaliter plicato- costatis ; labro laté incrassato, intus denticulato. HARP-SHAPED MARGINELLA. formly ovate, fulvous-white, banded with ash, en- THE Shell somewhat fusi- circled with rows of black dots, spire raised, whorls obtusely angled round the upper part, longitudinally plicately ribbed at the angle ; lip broadly thickened, denticulated within. Beck, MS., Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Marg. p. 374. pl. 74. iis Mfaiasio Hab, Senegal, West Africa. Closely allied to IZ. faba and dbifasciata of the same lo- cality, and possibly only a dwarf form of one of those species. Species 32. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Bell.) Marornetta Beir. arg. testa subfusiformi-ovatd, Sulvescente-cinered, longitudinaliter confertim undatis, obscure bifasciata, lineis tenuibus ceruleo-griseis spird elevatd, anfractibus superne obtuse angulatis, ad angulum plicato-nodulatis, deinde costatis ; labro incrassato, intus denticulato. Bexy’s MarGinenva. Shell somewhat fusiformly-ovate, fulvous-ash, longitudinally closely waved with fine blue-grey lines, obscurely two-banded, spire raised, whorls obtusely angled round the upper part, plicately noduled at the angle, then ribbed; lip broadly thick- ened, denticulated within. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Marg. p. 375. pl. 74. f. 28, 29. Hab. ? This species appears to me to be distinct. At first sight it presents the idea of being a dwarf, strongly sculptured variety of JL. Adansoni, but it is not so. It may be noticed that in WZ, Adansoni the painted lines are invari- ably interrupted with dots, here they are smooth, of an undoubtedly distinct specific character. August, 1864. 7 ’ 7 = wi v i 4 ¥ . I - d ‘ . "i 7 = . ME Wen 7 LY At, ee ae Tm as. ms i eeeeett | bw i ior Te ae he oaiagt es") D, r Se ee re aT son PRE vet y > i a) 7% A . a ome i 7 — 7 ite ata? er ea ee oa ee, ee. 7 >Pa { : aes o Sa YY =e) z “ - rm 7 - om v4 “S gaer 7a mt ; wr ee <) ae t a As ty * ed Po Gull: wo. =“ emer tye 7.) ae yin frst 4p i, Seah ge . ie i R VAs i ia OMe: pte) le? ea ee a ee ; 3 7 yyieie —- Lea . ' OD . * a z cate i = Uae a ae a ee ORey a ; stp T bs yt ome HN _ ges. 7 i as ay ; sl é Se ied yal TP 7 ue 7 = He; - 4 ni a i r 7 7 ‘ 7 : 7, 4 7 = 7 + + 7 | nn ¢ t — ©. oF t 1 = a > a ¥ 7 a AI a P : ¥ Oe 7 = a Apes - 7 ' roe - oma _—s 7 Ls @ a 5 a P| oe - eee i Oe:, : ; aa 7 A A Ae O40 ir ad = oe ; ee | UE i) 0 fo Oot wwe. ; ; - : fi er (Ge fea ~ j | 14 Sos é. 7 i ae _ or Ae 5 a a_i : r ‘: a v Pte ; ‘ 37a Sowerby, del.et lith 38.6. Margiela Fl.ImM Vincent Brooks Im MARGINELLA. PLATE IX. Species 33. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MarGinetta Bercuert. Mary. testd fusiformi-conicd, Julvescente-albda, nitente, fumeo-purpureo, in lineis bre- vibus longitudinalibus medio nebulato-fasciatd, spird conicd, anfractibus superne declivi-tumidis ; labro in- crassato, eburneo. Bricuer’s MarGineLia. Shell fusiformly conical, ful- vous-white, shining, cloudedly banded about the middle with smoky-purple in short longitudinal lines, spire conical, whorls slopingly tumid round the upper part ; lip thickened, ivory-white. Hixps, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1844, p. 73. Moll. Voy. Sulphur, pleads. tf litol5: Hab. Cape Blanco, West Africa (dredged from a depth of from twelve to fifteen fathoms) ; Belcher. A smooth shining shell delicately pencilled throughout, but more especially in the middle with close-set bands of short smoky-purple or fuscous lines. Species 34. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA MUSICA. Julvescente-cinered, griseo nebulatd, lineis nigris con- spicuis equidistantibus undique cingulatd, spird brevi, anfractibus superne tunido-rotundatis ; labro modice incrassato. THe MUsIC MARGINELLA. fulvous-ash, clouded with grey, encircled throughout Shell rather shortly conical, with conspicuous equidistant black lines, spire short, whorls tumidly rounded at the upper part; lip mode- rately thickened. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 73. Moll. Voy. Sulphur, pl 13. £8; 9. Hab. Cape Blanco, West Africa (dredged from sand at the depth of thirty-five fathoms) ; Belcher. Of a peculiar shortiy-conical form, encircled throughout | with neatly-defined equidistant black lines. Species 35. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA DIADOCHUS. Marg. testd fusiformi-oblonga, tenuiculd, pallide cinered, aurantio tinctd, lineis nigris inequidistantibus updique cingulatd, spird subobtuse conicd, anfractibus superne declivibus ; labro parum incrassato. Tue Beryt Marernetia. Shell fusiformly oblong, rather thin, pale ash-colonr, tinged with orange, en- circled throughout at unequal distances with black Marg. testd subabbreviato-conicd, lines, spire rather obtusely conical, whorls sloping round the upper part ; lip but little thickened. Apams and Regve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 28. pl. 7. f. 4. a, 6, ¢. Hab. Straits of Sunda (froma sandy floor at a depth of about three fathoms); Belcher. The figure of this very characteristic species in the ‘Mollusca of the Voyage of the Samarang,’ is accom- panied by a beautiful drawing of the living animal made by Mr. Arthur Adams, at the time of its capture in the Straits of Sunda. Species 36. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) MaRGINELLA NopatTa. Marg. testa fusiformi-oblonga, Sulvescente-cinered, olivaceo tinctd, lineis nigris, hic illic punctatis, longitudinaliter undatd, spird elevatd, anfractibus superne obtuse subangulatis, ad angulum obscure plicato-nodatis ; labro incrassato. Tut KNotrEp MaRrGINELLA. fulvous-ash tinged with olive, longitudinally waved with black lines, dotted at intervals, spire raised, whorls slightly obtusely angled round the upper part, obscurely plicately noduled at the angle; lip Shell fusiformly oblong, thickened. Hinxps, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1844, p. 73. Moll. Voy. Sulphur, plete 6.07. Hab. Cape Blanco, West Africa (dredged from sand at a depth of from twelve to fifteen fathoms) ; Belcher. The black dots which appear at intervals on the longi- tudinally waved lines give them a knotted appearance. Species 37. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Maratnetta Cripryt. Marg. testd fusiformi-oblonga, subangusta, cinereo-albd, plumbeo-ceruleo nebulatd, lineis nigris conspicuis longitudinaliter strigatd, spird subacuminatd, anfractibus superne via tumidis, callosis, nitentibus, lakro incrassato. Cupry’s MarGineLbna. Shell fusiformly oblong, rather narrow, ash-white, clouded with leaden-blue, longitu- dinally streaked with conspicuous black lines, spire rather acuminated, whorls but little swollen round the upper part, callous, shining, lip thickened. Petit, Mag. de Zool. 1836, Moll. pl. 75. Hab. Senegal, West Africa. Distinguished by its unusually narrow fusiform growth, while the longitudinal lines are not intercepted by dots. August, 1864. Marginella PLX. 41.0. 42.6. Sowerby, del et lith Vincent Brooks, h MARGINELLA,. Puate X. Species 38. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA Bernarpit. Marg. testd cylindraceo-ob- longa, fulvescente-cinered, griseo lineari-strigatd, spird pared, immersd, anfractibus superne tuimido-rotundatis ; labro modicé incrassato, albo, columellé sea-plicatd. Bernarpi’s Maratnettia. Shell cylindrically oblong, fulvous-ash, linearly streaked with grey, spire small, immersed, whorls tumidly rounded at the upper part ; lip moderately thickened, white, columella six-plaited. | LarGriiier, Mag. de Zool. 1845; Moll. pl. 116. Marginella onychina, Adams and Reeve. Hab. China Sea. Of a characteristic cylindrical form, with the spire im- mersed, and the painting streaked, like the marking of an agate. The columella is six-plaited. Species 39. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA PULCHRA. tescente-lacted, fasciis duabus brunneis distantibus intus Marg. testa oblongo-ovata, lu- cingulatd, spird pared, exsertd ; labro modicé incras- sato, subflexuoso. Tue BuauTiFUL MarGINELLA. Shell oblong-ovate, yel- lowish cream-colour, encircled within with two dis- tant brown bands, spire small, exserted ; lip mode- rately thickened, somewhat flexuous. Gray, Zool. Beechey’s Voy. p. 135. pl. 36. f. 20. Hab. St. Domingo, West Indies. Encircled by two very characteristic distant brown bands, the colour of which is deposited in the interior of the shell, and is seen externally through its substance, of a soft milky hue. August Species 49. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA QUINQUEPLICATA. Marg. testa obeso-ovald, solidiusculd, cerulescente-albd, spird parum easertd, anfractibus superné tumido-convexis ; labro incrassato, columella quinque- ad sex-plicata. THE FIVE-PLAITED MARGINELLA. rather solid, bluish-white, spire but little exserted, Shell stoutly ovate, whorls tumidly convex round the upper part; lip thickened, columella five- to six-plaited. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p- 437. Hat. Malacca (dredged from coarse gravel at the depth of eight fathoms); Cuming. In some specimens of this well-known species there are indications of a sixth plait on the columella. Fig. 41, a, 6. This shell, Maryinella Hainesii, Petit, is nothing more than a callous thickened variety of the pre- certainly ceding species MZ. quingueplicata. Species 42. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MarGINELLa DactyLus. Marg. testa anguste oblonga, cylindraced, livido-cinered, spirad iminersd, occultd, anfractibus superne rotundatis, vie tumidis; labro in- crassato, columella quingue-plicata. Tue FINGER MarGrineLna. Shell narrowly oblong, eylindrical, livid ash-colour, spire immersed, hidden, whorls rounded at the upper part, scarcely swollen ; lip thickened, columella five-plaited. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 442. Hab. Hongkong ; Hinds. This species, with its concealed spire, has very much of the general aspect of a Moleuriu , 1864. 47. W. \ Sowerby, del. et. ith Marginella PLXI. 46. Vincent Broaks , li MARGINELLA. Pirate XI. Species 43. (Mig, a, 4, Mus. Taylor.) MakGINELLA amMyGpaLa. Marg. tesla subobeso-ovata, callosd, fulvescente-lacted, spird parcd, parum exsertd, anfractibus superne gibbosis; labro calloso-incrassato, ad apicem varicato, spadicco supra et infra marginato. THe ALMOND MarGineLua. Shell rather stoutly ovate, callous, fulvous-cream-colour, spire small, but little exserted, whorls gibbous round the upper part; lip callously thickened, variced to the apex, edged above and below with fawu-colour. Kiuner, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 11. f. 1. Hab, Senegal, West Africa. A solid enamelled species, having the lip edged above and below with fawn-colour. Species 44. (Pig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) ManrGIneELLa cincta. larg. testd conico-ovatd, subde- pressd, eburned, cingulo calloso aurantio, spird subex- serta, anfractibus superné gibbosis; labro late incras- sato, undique varicato. THE GIRDLED MarGInetua. Shell conically ovate, somewhat depressed, ivory-white, encircled with a callous belt of orange, spire rather exserted, whorls gibbous round the upper part; lip broadly thickened, variced throughout. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 8. f. 32. Hab. Mexico. The bright-orange callous varix which encircles this shell stands out in prominent and delicate contrast with the ivory whiteness of the body whorls. Species 45. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA PRUNUM. Marg. testé oblongo-ovald, oli- vacco-cinered, spird easertd, anfractibus superne declivi- conveuis ; labro incrassato, flecuoso, superne mucronato, imtus brunned. THe pLum MarerNnetta. Shell oblong-ovate, olive- white, spire exserted, whorls slopingly convex at the upper part; lip thickened, flexuous, pointed at the upper part, interior brown. Foluta prunum, Ginelin, Syst. Nat. p. 8446. Marginella cerulescens, Lamarck. Marginella prunum, Deshayes. Hab. Panama (dredged from saudy mud at the depth of ten fathoms); Cuming. A smooth-tinted shell, brown-stained in the interior, the chief peculiarity of which consists in the lip terminating suddenly at the base of the spire m a callous, angular point. Species 46. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MaRGINELLA MARGINATA. larg. lestd ovatd, solidis- simad, violascente-cinered, obsolete bifasciatd, spird pared, anfractibus modice convewis; labro valde in- crassato, undique callosé bivaricoso, varice spadiced. THE MARGINED MaRGINELLa. Shell ovate, very solid, violet-ash, obsoletely two-banded, spire small, whorls moderately convex; lp much thickened, callously doubly varicosed throughout, varix fawn-coloured. Foluta marginata, Born, Mus. Vindobon. p. 220. pl. 9. TpseGe Maryinella bivaricosa, Lamarck. Hab. Senegal, West Africa. Chiefly distinguished by the callous encircling varix being duplicated. Species 47. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) MarGInELLA sApoTILLa. larg. testa oblongo-vvata, pallide olivaceo-cinered, spird breviusculd, anfractibus modice convexis ; labro incrassato, albo, spadiceo mar- ginato, intus brunned. Tue soapwort MarGIneLLA. Shell oblong-oval, pale olive-ash, spire rather short, whorls moderately con- vex ; lip thickened, white, edged with fawn, interior brown. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 74. Hab. Panama (in sandy mud at depths of from five to thirteen fathoms); Cuming. This comes very near to MW. prunun. The lip is not, however, angularly pointed at the upper part, while it is edged throughout with fawn-colour. August, 1864. < at & a lag $F, 7 “be start ein ¢ a - led ew ky ; Uw ae ay), ss ia : fi : woe ok f a AA, ae, SPA unt ps r : io 4 oe PBMOINY i er as et he ee a ay! ' ¥ o . st \ cae 7 j - : : ms fi _— ars ay a fe. _ ; =A 7 ear oe ' Weer, ‘ vp th ie en.e OF _ y i ' 7 i ~~ my ae re ° Ty oe pn f nae a : 7 a ste i : ay iad | 78 Lip Savino «24 ae j vod ood er waht i ' fi Yom Ben i ee { ai! i & 5 iy o6@ ; , 5 : . ' vit ost ae a 52.0. Sowerby, delet lith Marginella PL.XI. Vincent Brooks, Im MARGINELLA, Puiate XII. Species 48. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Taylor.) MARGINELLA QUADRILINEATA. Marg. testa cylindraceo- oblonga, cinereo-grised, lineis quatuor saturatioribus distantibus cingulatd, spird immersd, occulta, anfrac- tibus modicée convevis ; labro incrassato. THE FOUR-LINED MarGINELLa. Sheil cylindrically ob- long, ash-grey, encircled with four distant darker lines, spire immersed, concealed, whorls moderately cotivex ; lip thickened. Hab. ——? Belonging to the same type as JZ. ¢ricincla, but spe- cifically distinct. The plaiting of the columella is dif- ferent, and the shell is of lighter and narrower structure. Species 49. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA TRICINCTA. arg. testd ovald, virescente- cinered, fasciis rufis subdistantibus cingulatd, spird immersd, oeculld, anfractibus superne tumidiusculis ; labro modice incrassato, columella quingue-plicata. THE THREE-GIRT MAnGINELLA. ash-colour, encircled with three rather distant red- Shell ovate, greenish- dish bands, spire immersed, concealed, whorls rather swollen towards the upper part; lip moderately thickened, columella five-plaited. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 76. phur, pl. 13. f. 12, 13. Hab. Straits of Macassar (in coarse sand at the depth of eleven fathoms); Belcher. Moll. Voy. Sul- The red bands which characterize this species are se- creted in the interior of the shell, and are somewhat ob- secured externally. Species 50. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) MarGINELLA Gurrata. Marg. testd subpyriformi-ob- longa, carned, obscure bifasciatd, guttis opaco-albis undique floccatd, spd pared, vie exsertd, callosd, anfractibus superne gibbosiusculis ; labro laté incras- sato, albo, rufescente-spadiceo remote maculato, THE SPOTTED MARGINELLA. Shell somewhat pyriformly oblong, flesh-coloured, obscurely two-banded, flaked throughout with opake-white spots, spire small, scareely exserted, callous, whorls rather gibbous round the upper part; lip broadly thickened, white, distantly spotted with reddish-fawn. Voluta guttata, Dillwyn, Cat. Shells, vol. i. p. 526. Marginella longivaricosa, Lamarck. Marginella guttata, Deshayes (not of Swainson). Hab. West Indies. An abundant species, characterized by a copious sprink- Honduras. ling of opake-white flakes. Species 51. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA OBLONGA. longd, curned, spadiceo tinctd et obscure trifasciata, Marg. testa subpyriformi-ob- supra et infra maculata, spird pared, vie eusertd, callosd, anfractibus superné declivibus, deinde gibbo- siusculis, versus basin plus minus attenuatis ; labro incrassato, albo, spadiceo-rufo remote bimaculato. THE OBLONG MARGINELLA. oblong, flesh-coloured, tinged and obscurely three- Shell somewhat pyriformly banded with fawn, spotted above and below, spire small, scarcely exserted, callous, whorls sloping at the upper part, then rather gibbous, more or less at- tenuated towards the base; lip thickened, white, dis- tantly two-spotted with fawn-red. Swaryson, Zool. Ilus. vol. ii. pl. 1. f. 1. Marginella carnea, Storer. Marginella amabilis, Redfield. Hab. West Indies. Gulf of Mexico. A very near ally of the preceding species, but con- stantly distinguished by its more attenuated growth to- wards the base. Species 52. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Taylor.) MARGINELLA CORNEA. Marg. testd ovatd, subarcuata, fulvescente-carned, pallide carneolo-rufescente quadri- fasciatd, spird fere occultd, anfractibus superne sub- tumido-convewvis ; labro parun incrassato, intus minute denticulato, columella multiplicatd. Tue HORNY MarGINELLA. Shell ovate, somewhat curved, fulvous flesh-colour, four-banded with pale carnelion red, spire almost concealed, whorls somewhat tu- midly convex at the upper part ; lip but little thiek- ened, minutely denticulated within, columella many- plaited. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 444. Hab. Senegal, West Africa. It will be seen by the plaiting of the columella of this well-known species, and by the minute denticulation of the lip, that it constitutes the type of a distinct section. August, 1864. 2 FFA AGEN wh or yen ; : L t ae eAceip Piety Sa | ES th. fats te J Tae oy, Ps 6) ee ee F] 4 nee ey = Pi baa, Se oe A en slit ott legen ie dé ne qiey | ert a Oras ee ; Keays ter | A ai 2 ie ie ee snr j 4 i ’ a 6 = 4 ni u 7 7 y : oe eae + i i = — ziretie | * —_ =) ae geee - —— a a oe . ey ; pm © cia = af fs ee eae may Bere bi Gegil (die ranonee BO Caco Sete ‘ay. wae rere ve i Oe a . | i : ee ee 3. at 2 es » ee J 7 i Ta) ead ' i 3 ae _ PR aa) " : ae lows So 26 ’ _ ‘ \ Dbe-F + 7 i _ baa : — a8 5 oe = te ee ol oy Ey a s ‘ 8 el inst sagaadt : - an whi HF ro 4 Ae =< 7 — @ saan ees. oe teh Rena Dyk 2 th Ea toe } 29 Hiei q a. ae ek <2) Al con cies Marginella PlXIIL Sowerby, del et lth Vincent Brooks, Imp MARGINELLA. PLaTE Species 53. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA PORCELLANA. albidd, maculis rubidis quadratis undique confertin seriatim pictd, spird immersd, fere occulta, anfractibus superne declivibus, deinde gibboso-tumidis ; labro modice incrassato, intus minute denticulato, columella valde callosd, callositate alba. THE PORCELAIN MarGInetta. Shell rather stoutly ovate, whitish, painted throughout with close-set rows of square ruddy spots, spire immersed, almost hidden, whorls sloping at the upper part, then gib- bously swollen; lip moderately thickened, minutely denticulated within, columella very callous, callosity white. Voluta porcellana, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x. p. 164. pl. 150. f. 1419, 1420. Marginella tessellata, Lamarck. Hab. Venezuela; Dyson. The tessellated spots which characterize this species are singularly constant in their form and distribution. Specics 54. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA FULMINATA. Marg. testd subpyriformi- ovatd, solidd, albidd, spadiceo longitudinaliter undata, spirad obtuse conicd, anfractibus superne gilboso-con- vexis; labro incrassato. THE LIGHTNING-MARKED MarGINELLA. Shell some- what pyriformly ovate, solid, whitish, longitudinally waved with fawn, spire obtusely conical, whorls gib- bously convex at the upper part; lip thickened. Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. pl. 12. f. 1. Hab. Brazil. A very striking species, neatly painted throughout with conspicuous longitudinal waves of fawn-colour. Species 55. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MarGINELLA ANGuUsTATA. Marg. testd oblongo-ovata, solidiusculd, cinereo-albd, cerulescente-griseo strigatd et fasciata, spird parvd, callosd, fere occulta, anfrac- tibus superneé declivi-tumidis ; labro latissimeé calloso, purpureo-fuscescente, medio inflexo. THE NARROWED MarGINELLA. Shell oblong-ovate, ra- ther solid, ash-white, streaked and banded with bluish-grey, spire small, callous, almost hidden, Mary. testa subobeso-ovata, | | XIII. whorls slopingly tumid round the upper part; lip very broadly callous, purplish-brown, inflected in the middle. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Marg. p. 399. pl. 77. f. 169, 170. Marginelia bullata, Kiener (not Voluta bullata, Born). Hab. Brazil. This belongs to a type of which there are very few species in the genus. Species 56. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) MaRGINELLA CINGULATA. Mary. testa abbreviato-pyri- formi, nitente-albd, lineis rufis conspicuis cingulata, spirad immersd, anfractibus superné gibboso-rotundatis ; labro incrassato, columella imultiplicata. THE BELTED MarGINELLA. Shell shortly pyriform, shining white, encircled with conspicuous red lines, spire immersed, whorls gibbously rounded at the upper part; lip thickened, columella many-plaited. Foluta cingulata, Dillwyn, Cat. Shells, vol. i. p. 525. Marginella lineata, Lamarck. Marginella Bobi, De Blainville. Marginella cingulata, Deshayes. Hab. Senegal, West Africa. The red lines, it may be observed, lose their parallelism below the middle of the shell. Species 57. (Fig. 2, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 4, Mus. Taylor.) MarGInewta PersicuLa. Marg. testd obeso-ovatd, sub- pyriformi, fulvescente-albd, purpurascente-rufo copiose gutlatd, spird immersd, fere occulta, anfractibus su- perne declivibus, deinde gibboso-tumidis ; labro incras- sato, columella multiplicatd. THE sported MarGINeLia. Shell stoutly ovate, slightly pyriform, fulvous-white, copiously spotted with ful- vous-red, spire immersed, almost hidden, whorls sloping at the upper part, then gibbously swollen; lip thickened, columella many-plaited. Foluta persicula, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1189. Persicula fasciata, Schumacher. Hab. Mouth of the Gambia, West Africa. This was formerly supposed to be a variety of the pre- ceding species, but it differs constantly in form as well as in painting. August, 1864. Bou! Fi teareey Mee » ¢ a76)'-th og - vtZ ia ie eno re cal pred - 1) i} , Tg OT va th tow yt sae aavehin PEL CE a .Aee ue Ahmet, releidaiate oy. poy lh ° Gitfumkedaqtuediyys yess ty > @ Moning vito 4 ey _ ot ittor: Yad’ .e atl . Pe 31 OM: eso cee “2 a Past ts letuter fan cern, i a CER “h, i | en © Re ee ee ee a | oe i ° = inv tet if wa) ee, Oe a? Set ~~ mS ae ey 9 . . i ! ; 4 elt ah t = J wa) £46 : SN Te < > a6 seeigir N>-<® --"s 90u - 1 heath MAA j= @ , } : <> hehe? —1 go ee @ 7 } 400) se Yo : af bari) 5 me (a , vo me Aly = ‘ Cat « § oe - i a » = 4-508 > 2 @ =) eo aes ™ ~ ae | * os n. =. 7 f e ° = & we ania On a ‘ 2 3 @Fa ee. wp Marg tnella PUATV. 67 606. “hei easat 63. Sowerby, del.et lith Vineent Brooks, mp MARGIN E LL A. PLATE Species 58. (Mus. Cuming.) MarGinetta scripta, Marg. testd retuse ovatd, cine- red, nitente, lineis nigris acute angulatis longitudina- liter fasciatd, anfractibus superne tumidiusculis, labro intus denticulato, columella quinqueplicata. THE WrittEN MarGineELLA. Shell bluntly ovate, ash- colour, shining, longitudinally banded with black zigzag lines, whorls rather tumid round the upper part, lip denticulated within, columella five-plaited. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 73; Moll. Voy. Sulph. pla lait. L6F 17: Hab, Straits of Macassar (in coarse sand, at a depth of from eleven to fifteen fathoms) ; Belcher. The longitudinal lines of this bright little species are mostly festooned at regular intervals with blotches. Species 59. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MaRGINELLA ImBRIcaTA. Marg. testd oblongo-ovatd, flavescente-albd, rufo-fusco transversim tessellatd, colu- melld callosd, plicis subobscuris ; aperturé angusta, labro calloso-incrassato. Tue IMBRICATED MARGINELLA. Shell oblong-ovate, yellowish-white, transversely tessellated with red- brown, columella callous, plaits rather obscure ; aper- ture narrow, lip callously thickened. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 76. Hab. Acapulco. Frequently encircled round the middle with a band of interrupted blotches. Species 60. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Bell.) MARGINELLA LILACINA. Marg. testd obtuse ovatd, solidius- cul, albidd, lilacino undique fasciatd et tinctd, spird immersd, labro late incrassato, intus denticulato, colu- melld quadriplicata. THE LILAC-TINGED MarGIneLia. Shell obtusely ovate, rather solid, whitish, banded and stained with pale- lilac, spire immersed, lip broadly thickened, denticu- lated within, columella four-plaited. January, XIV. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Marg. p. 402 Hab. ? mpl(SeteLiGs i 7. This shell, of which the specimen here figured from the collection of Professor Bell is the only one known, is cer- Resembling J. Largillieri in general aspect, it is of stouter proportions, with a different arrangement of columellar plaits, and a totally distinct plan of colouring. tainly distinct from any other species. Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.) MarGINELLA sImtuis. Marg. testd ovatd, solidiusculd, flavescente-albd, griseo profuse nebulatd et vittatd, spird fere obsoletd, anfractibus superné gibbosis, labro incrassato, haud reflexo. THe sIMILAR MARGINELLDA. yellowish-white, profusely clouded and filleted with Shell ovate, rather solid, grey, spire nearly obsolete, whorls gibbous round the upper part, lip thickened, not reflected. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 97. Hab. Brazil. Very closely allied to MW. interrupta, and probably only a variety of that species. Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.) MarGINELLA tInTERRUPTA. Marg. testa suboblongo- ovatd, albidd, griseo profuse interrupte vittatd, spud subobsoletd, anfractibus superne gibbosiuseuld, labro crasse reflexo. INTERRUPTED MARGINELLA. long-ovate, whitish, profusely interruptedly filleted with grey, spire somewhat obsolete, whorls rather eibbous round the upper part, lip thickly reflected. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. +46. Hab. West Indies ; Venezuela. THE Shell somewhat ob- Well distinguished by its characteristic filleting of in- terrupted grey lines. There are many varieties of the species, more or less over-clouded with grey. 1865. MARGINELLA.—Puare XIV. Species 63. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MaARGINELLA KIENERIANA. ovata, solidd, aurantio-spadiced, maculis albis nigro- Marg. testé pyriformi- umbratis conspicue quadrifasciatd, spird minutd, vie easerta, columella callosd, undique plicata. Kiener’s MarGineuua. Shell pyriformly-ovate, solid, orange-fawn, conspicuously four-banded with white black-shaded spots, spire minute, scarcely exserted, columella callous, plaited throughout. Perit, Guerin, Mag. de Zool. 1838, pl. 110. Hab. Venezuela. An extremely interesting species, having a strong ge- neral resemblance to the dark-clouded variety of Cyprea zlezac. Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.) MaRGINELLA MULTILINEATA. Jlavescente, lincis rufis confertis undique cingulata, Marg. testa obtuse ovata, spirad immersd, anfractibus superne gibbosis, columella tumida, opaco-albda. THE MANY-LINED MarGINELLA. Shell obtusely ovate, yellowish, encircled throughout with close-set red lines, spire immersed, whorls gibbous round the upper part, columella swollen, opake-white. | SowErBy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 96. Hab. Belize, Bay of Honduras; Dyson. Of the same typical form as the West India J. inxter- rupta, characterized by the neat regularity of its trans- verse red lines. Sowerby, del.et lith . 65a 68.2. 65.0. Marginella PLAY. 67 Vincent Brooks, Imp, MARGINELLA, PuLate XV. Species 65. (Fig. a, Mus. Taylor; Fig. 6, Mus. Cuming.) ManrGtnetta MacutLosa. Marg. testd obtuse ovata, so- lidiusculd, albidd, guttis rubidis anticé saturatis pecu- liariter nebulatd vel tessellatd, spird immersd, columella tumidd, opaco-alod. spoTreD Marainevia. Shell obtusely ovate, rather solid, whitish, peculiarly clouded or tessellated with ruddy spots, which are darker towards the front, spire immersed, columella swollen, opake- THE white. Marginella guttata, Swainson (uot of Lamarck), Zool. Illus. vol. ii. pl. 1. f. 2. Marginella maculosa, Kiener. Hab. Island of St. Vincent’s, West Indies. The spots in this very characteristic species are mostly intensified in colour towards the margin of the shell. Species 66. (Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA PULCHELLA. Marg. testd oblonyo-ovald, albidd, lineis carneis nebulatis longitudinaliter undatd, spird immersd, anfractibus superne constrictis, colu- melid quadriplicata. Tue prevry Marq@ineura. Shell oblong-ovate, whitish, longitudinally waved with clouded flesh-tinted lines, spire immersed, whorls constricted round the upper part, columella four-plaited. Kiener, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 27. pl. 9. f. 41. Hab. Sydney, New South Wales. Of a delicate, porcelain-like character. Species 67. (Mus. Cuming.) MArGINELLA PHRYGIA. Marg. testd obtuse ovata, fla- vescente, aunulis rufis interruptis nebulatd et fasciald, spird immersd, anfractibus superne gibbosiusculis, co- lumelld tumidd. THE EMBROIDERED MARGINELLA. Shell obtusely ovate, yellowish, clouded and banded with red interrupted rings, spire immersed, whorls rather gibbous round the upper part, columella swollen. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Marg. p. 394. pl. 78 f. 218, 219. Hab. Gulf of California. Allied to MZ. maculosa of the West Indies, but the painting only presents ringed outlines of the spots. Species 68. (Hig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MarGinetita Dr Bureure. oblonga, tenuiculd, pellucido-albd, maculis punctisque Marg. testa cylindiaceo- aurantio-rufis alternatim seriatim cineld, spird tin- mersd, columella conspicue quadriplicatd. Dre BureGu’s MarGrineuua. rather thin, transparent white, alternately encircled with rows of orange-red spots and dots, spire im- Shell cylindrically oblong, mersed, columella conspicuously four-plaited. Apams, MS. in Mus. Cuming. | Hab. Swan River. A very distinct species, of a bright, porcelain-like character, painted alternately with rows of orange-red spots and dots. Species 69. (Mus. Cuming.) MAaRGINELLA MURALIS. Mary. lestd elongato-ovate, al- bidd, nitente, maculis quadratis punctisque rufescentibus nebulato-fasciatd, spird immersd, anfractibus superne constrictis, columella triplicatd. Tue WALL MarGIneLia. Shell elongately-ovate, whitish, shining, cloudedly banded with square red spots and dots, spire immersed, whorls constricted at the upper part, columella three-plaited. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 76. Hab. West Indies. Named muralis from a fancied resemblance of the rows of spots to the courses of bricks in a wall. Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.) Marcinetta sacirrata. Marg. testd obtuse ovatd, albidd, maculis rufis sagittatis copiose cinctd, spird January, 1865. MARGINELLA.—Ptate XV. tmmersd, anfractibus superné gibbosiusculis, columella Species 71. (Mus. Taylor.) quadriplicata. | MARGINELLA FRUMENTUM. Marg. testd obtuse ovata, Tun anrow-Heapep Mancrne.ua. Shell obtusely | albidd, lineis ferrugineo-rufis longitudinaliter copiose ovate, whitish, copiously encircled with reddish undatd, spird immersd, anfraclibus superne gibbosis, arrow-headed spots, spire immersed, whorls rather columelld quadriplicald. gibbous round the upper part, columella four-plaited. Turp corn MarGINELLA. Shell obtusely ovate, whitish, Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1844, p. 76. copiously longitudinally waved with rust-red lines, Hab. Brazil. spire immersed, whorls gibbous round the upper part, columella four-plaited. Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 57. Hab. West Indies. The markings in this species, which are very profuse, have an arrow-headed character, but they are disposed to be ringed, running a little into one another. The marking, which has obscurely the form of bands of S carn ; y rings, runs into longitudinal waves. Sowerby,del.etlith Marginella PU. XVI. 77b gt fs 3 rg YZ 78. Vincent Brooks, Imp. MARGINELLA. PuatE XVI. Species 72. (Fig. 72, Mus. Taylor; and 73 a, 4, to) hae Mus. Cuming.) MarGINELLA caTEnatTa. Marg. testa obtuse ovata, fla- vescente-albd, rufo-fusco transversim catenatd et longi- tudinaliter lineata, spird immersd, columelld valide quadriplicata. THE CHAINED MARGINELLA. Shell obtusely ovate, yel- lowish-white, transversely chained and longitudinally lineated with red-brown, spire immersed, columella strongly four-plaited. Voluta catenata, Montagu, Test. Brit. vol. i. p. 236. pl. 6. Tees Volvaria catenata, Blainville. Marginella catenata, Brown. Hab. West Indies. This very beautifully-marked West India species has been for many years included erroneously in the British Fauna. Species 74. (Mus. Cuming.) ManrGINELLA ausTRaLis. Marg. testd subtrigono-ovaté, solidiusculd, livido-flavescente, nitente, spird conicd, anfractibus superne obtuse angulatis, labro incrassato, albido, columella calloso-quadriplicata. THE SOUTHERN MarGINELLA. Shell somewhat trian- gularly ovate, rather solid, livid yellowish, shining, spire conical, whorls obtusely angled round the upper part, lip thickened, whitish, columella callously four- plaited. lItnps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 75. Marginella oryza, Pease. Hab. North-west coast of Australia (in coral sand at low water); Dring. A glittering solid shell of simple character. Species 75. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA ORYZA. Marg. testdé obtuse ovata, albidd vel flavescente-aurantid, fascia fulvo-rufi lata medio conspicue cingulatd, spird minutd, anfractibus superné gibbosis, columella triplicata. THE RICE-GRAIN MARGINELLA. Shell obtusely ovate, January, whitish or yellowish-orange, conspicuously encircled round the middle with a broad fulvous-red band, spire minute, whorls gibbous round the upper part, columella three-plaited. Volvaria oryza, Lamarck (not AM. oryza, Pease), Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 460. Le Stipon, Adanson. Marginella oryza, Deshayes. Marginella miliaria, Sowerby (not Voluta miliaria, Linuneeus). Hab. Senegal. Remarkably characterized by its conspicuous broad ful- vous-brown band. Species 76. (Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA DIAPHANA. Marg. testa obtuse conicd, ful- vescente-aurantid, nitente, tenui, diaphand, spird parum easertd, anfractibus superné tumidis, labro inerassato, aurantio-rufo, columella quadriplicata. THE DIAPHANOUS MarGINELLA. Shell obtusely coni- cal, fulvous-orange, glittering, thin, transparent, spire but little exserted, whorls swollen round the upper part, lip thickened, orange-red, columella four- plaited. Krener, Icon. Cog. viv. p. 38. pl. 12. f. 3. Marginella pellucida, Pfeiffer. Hab. Cuba. A semitransparent glittering horny shell, partaking very much of the general form of a Melampus. Species 77. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MarGIneLtita zonata. Marg. testa cylindraceo-elongati, medio subcoarctatd, tenui, albidd, fulvo-aurantio lati- fasciatd vel bilineatd, spira vix ewsertd, labro flecuoso, columella quadriplicata. THe zONED MarerineLtua. Shell cylindrically elon- gated, somewhat contracted in the middle, thin, whitish, broadly banded or bilineated with fulvous- orange, spire scarcely exserted, lip Hexuous, columella four-plaited. Krenek, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 41. pl. 13. f. 4. Hab. West Indies. MARGINELLA.—Prare XVI. A delicate flexuously cylindrical shell, of semitranspa- | rent substance, delicately banded or lineated with fulvous- orange. Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.) MarGIneLLa MarGARITA. Marg. testd obtuse conicd, pellucido-albd, spird modicé exsertd, anfractibus superné gibbosiusculis, labro incrassato, intus denticulato, co- Jumella quadriplicuta. THE PEARL MarGINELLA. Shell obtusely conical, trans- parent white, spire moderately exserted, whorls rather gibbous round the upper part, lip thickened, denticulated within, columella four-plaited. Krener, Icon. Cog. viv. p. 15. pl. 9. f. 42. Hab. Island of St. Vincent, West Indies. The columellar plaits and the labral denticulations are rather prominently developed. Marginella PLXVI. dO. Sowerby, del. et lith. Vincent Brooks, Imp. MARGINELLA. PuatE XVII. Species 79. (Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA FUsIFoRMIS. Marg. testa fusiformi-ovatd, versus basin attenuata, lacted, nitente, aurantio-fusco interdum lineari-fasciatd, spird conicd, labro flexuoso, columella quadriplicata. THE FUSIFORM MarGINpLuA. Shell fusiformly ovate, attenuated towards the base, cream-colour, shining, sometimes linearly banded with orange-brown, spire conical, lip flexuous, columella four-plaited. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 75; Moll. Voy. Sulph. pl. 18. f. 20, 21. Hab. Straits of Malacca (in mud, at the depth of seven- teen fathoms) ; Belcher. A glittering fusiform shell, with a flexuous lip. Species 80. (Mus Cuming.) MarGIneLita nitTIDA. Marg. testd oblongo-cylindraced, pellucido-corned, nitente, spird obtuse conicd, labro subflexuoso, columella oblique quadriplicata. THE SHINING MarotneLia. Shell oblong-cylindrical, transparent horny, shining, spire obtusely conical, lip shghtly flexuous, columella obliquely four-plaited. Marginella (Volvarina) nitida, Hinds, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1844, p. 75. D Hab. A semitransparent brownish horny shell, bright and glossy throughout. Species 81. (Mus. Cuming.) MarGINELLA LactEa. Marg. testd cylindraceo-oblongd, subfusiformi, laced, nitente, spird obtuse conicd, labro flexuoso, columella triplicata. THE CREAM-COLOURED MarGINELLA. Shell cylindri- cally oblong, slightly fusiform, cream-coloured, shi- uing, spire obtusely conical, lip flexuous, columella three-plaited. Kigner, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 42. pl. 13. f. 3. Hab. West Indies. A shell of simple character; peculiar, however, in having only three plaits on the columella. ~MARGINELLA AVENA. Species 82. (Mus. Cuming.) MarGInectta Fusca. Marg. testa conico-oblongd, fus- cescente, nitente, fulvo-rufo trifasciatd, spird obtuse conicd, anfractibus superne tumidiusculis, labro flecu- oso, columella quadriplicatd. THE Fuscous Mareinetia. Shell conically oblong, fuscous, shining, three-banded with fulvous-red, spire obtusely conical, whorls rather swollen round the upper part; lip flexuous, columella four-plaited. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 95; Thes. Conch. Marg. p. 392. pl. 76. f. 122, 123. Hab. West Indies. Of somewhat horny substance, banded in rather an irre- gular manner. Species 83. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) Marg. testa fusiformi-cylindraced, albidd, nitente, roseo vel fuscescente varie interrupte latifasciatd, spird subexsertd ; labro flexuoso, versus medium compresso, columella quadriplicatd. Tue oat Maroainetta. Shell fusiformly cylindrical, whitish, shining, variously interruptedly broadly banded with pink or brown, spire somewhat ex- serted ; lip flexuous, compressed towards the middle, columella four-plaited. VaLenciennzs, Kiener, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 17. pl. 6. f. 24. Marginella varia, Sowerby. Marginella Beyerleana, Bernardi. Hab. West Indies. Honduras. An extremely pretty species, of a narrow flexuous growth, variously interruptedly banded with bright rose-pink or brown. Species 84. (Mus. Cuming.) MarGINELLA PHILIPPINARUM. cylindraced, cinerco-albidd, nitente, obscure livide tri- fusciatd, spird pared ; labro flexuoso, columella oblique Marg. testi oblongo- quadriplicata. Tue Puitippinp Marcinetta. Shell oblong cylin- drical, ash-white, shining, obscurely lividly three- banded, spire small, lip flexuous, columella obliquely four-plaited. January, 1865. MARGINELLA.—Prate XVII. Reprievp, Ann. New York Lye. Nat. Hist. 1848, p. 492. ole Weak ok Maryginella avena, Sowerby (not of Valenciennes). Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines (under stones at low water); Cuming. In this species, collected by Mr, Cuming at the Philip- pine Islands, the lip is not compressed towards the middle as in the preceding species. Species 85. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MarGinetta THNIATA. Marg. testa fusiformi-cylindra- ced, flavescente-albd, nitente, pallidé spadiceo varie fasciatd, spiré parva; labro modicé incrassato, sub- flexuoso, columella quadriplicata. Tue FILLETED MarGiIneLia. Shell fusiformly cylindri- cal, yellowish-white, shining, variously banded with light fawn-colour, spire small; lip moderately thick- ened, slightly flexuous, columella four-plaited. SowErBy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 95. Hab. P Allied to I/. avena, but distinguished by a much smaller spire. Species 86. (Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA PALLIDA. tenuiculd, sordidé lacted, nitente, spird parvd, labro Marg. testé oblongo-cylindraced, flexuoso, columella arcuatd, quadriplicata. Tue pate MarGineiia. Shell oblong rather thin, dull cream-colour, shining, spire small ; lip flexuous, columella arched, four-plaited. Bulla pallida, Linneus, Syst. Nat. 10th ed. p. 727. Voluta pallida, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. 12th ed. Volvaria pallida, Lamarck. Hyalina pallida, Schumacher. Marginella pallida, Wiener. Hab. West Indies. cylindrical, A light cylindrical shell of thin semitransparent sub- stance, though a little opake, with the columella more than usually arched. G0.a Sowerby, del.et lith. O7a. 89.8 Marginela Pl. XVI 906 Vincent Brooks,Imp Nee GeleNeh ialGeAre PLATE Species 87. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 4, Mus. Taylor.) MARGINELLA conompatis. Marg. testé conico-ovaté, Jlavescente-lacted, spiré modicé exsertd, anfractibus su- perne obtuse angulatis, labro crassé reflexo, sepissime rufo maculato, columella validé quadriplicata. THE conorp Mara@ineuia. Shell conically ovate, yel- lowish cream-colour, spire moderately exserted, whorls obtusely angled round the upper part, lip thickly re- flected, mostly dotted with red, columella strongly four-plaited. KreneEr, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 37. pl. 12. f. 2. Marginella apicina, Menke. Hab. West Indies. A rather solid, Volute-shaped species, sparingly but characteristically dotted behind the lip with red.* Species 88. (Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA PRUINOSA. Marg. testd conico-ovatd, fla- vescente vel livido-purpured, opaco-albo undique floc- cata, spird modice exsertd, anfractibus superne gibboso- angulatis, labro crassé reflexo, columelld valide quad- riplicata. THE FRosteD MaroIneuua. Shell conically ovate, yellowish or livid purple, flaked throughout with opake-white, spire moderately exserted, whorls gib- bously angled round the upper part, lip thickly re- flected, columella strongly four-plaited. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 74. Hab. West Indies. Copiously sprinkled throughout with opake-white flakes upon a yellowish or livid purple ground. Species 89. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MarGInELLa ovum. Marg. testa ovata, eburned, spird subprofunde immersd, anfractibus superné declivi-con- vevis, apertura angustd, labro crassé reflewo,’ colu- mella quadriplicatd, plicd penultimd continud, tu- midé. THE EGG MARGINELLA. Shell ovate, ivory-white, spire XVIII. rather deeply immersed, whorls slopingly convex round the upper part, aperture narrow, lip thickly reflected, columella four-plaited, the penultimate plait continuous, swollen. Hab. i? The penultimate plait of the columella is curiously swollen and made continuous with the thickened marginal lip. Species 90. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Mare@ineiua Sautcyana. Marg. testd subpyriformi- ovata, albidd, griseo tinctd, spird subacute conica, an- Sractibus superné gibbosis, labro tumido-incrassato, ad apicem producto, aurantio marginatd, columella tu- mido-callosé, validé quadriplicatda. Sautcy’s MarGinetia. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, whitish, tinged with grey, spire rather sharply conical, whorls gibbous round the upper part, lip tumidly thickened, produced to the apex, edged with orange, columella tumidly callous, strongly four- plaited. Perit, Journ. Conch. Marginella Loroisii, Bernardi. Hab. West Indies. Venezuela. Very closely allied to AZ. cincta, and possibly a variety of that species. Species 91. (Fig. 2, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MaRGINELLA sarDA. Marg. testd subgloboso-ovata, Ovu- leformi, albidd, violaceo-carneo pallide fusciald et tincld, spird immersd, anfractibus superne rotundatis, aperturd arcuatd, labro late incrassato, intus denticu- lato, columella quadriplicata. THE CARNELIAN MARGINELLA. bosely ovate, Ovu/um-shaped, whitish, faintly banded and stained with violet flesh-colour, spire immersed, whorls rounded at the upper part, aperture arched, lip broadly thickened, denticulated within, columella Shell somewhat glo- four-plaited. January, 1865. MARGINELLA.—Puate XVIII. Krensgr, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 30. pl. 4. f. 42. | incrassato, aurantio interdum imarginato, columella Hab. Ceylon. | calloso-incrassatd, quadriplicata. q THE THICK-LIPPED MaRGINELLA. Shell obtusely ovate, yellowish or ash-grey, spire small, lip callously thickened, sometimes edged with orange, columella = callously thickened, four-plaited. | Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 96. Hab. West Indies. A very characteristic Ovulum-like species of soli growth. Species 92. (Mus. Taylor.) MARGINELLA CRASSILABRUM. arg. testd obtuse ovatd, | A’ great variety of abnormal forms of the I. cincta flavescente vel cinereo-grised, spird parvd, labro calloso- | ‘YP come into this species. Sowerby, del et lith. 95.b. Marginella Pt. ATX. I6b, Vincent Brooks, Imp MARGINELLA. Prats XIX, Species 93. (Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA FESTIVA. arg. test@ conico-ovatd, roseo et griseo pulchré marmorata et fasciatd, spird subpro- ductd, labro incrassato, intus denticulato, columella quadriplicata, THE PLEASANT MARGINELLA. Shell conically ovate, prettily mottled and banded with rose-pink and grey, spire rather produced, lip thickened, denticu- lated within, columella four-plaited. KiENER, Icon. Coq. viv. p. 32. pl. 10. f. 4. Hab. Fast Africa. Mottled and banded in a conspicuous manner with deep rose-pink and grey. Fig. 94. (Mus. Cuming.) This shell, the type of Mr. Arthur Adams’ JL. gem- ma, proves to be a variety of the preceding species, 12. Jestiva. Species 95. (Mus. Taylor.) MARGINELLA aLpoctncta. Marg. testd conico-ovaté, cinereo-grised, copiosé nigro-punctatd, fascia alba su- perné cingulald, spiré subexsertd, anfractibus superné gibbosis, labro incrassato, columellé quadriplicatd. THE WHITE-BELTED MarGINELLA. Shell conically ovate, ash-grey, copiously dotted with black, encircled round the upper part with a white band, spire rather ex- serted, whorls gibbous round the upper part, lip thickened, columella four-plaited. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 96. Hab. ? I have no good opinion of this species. It appears to be a variety of Jf. piperita, in which a white band is formed by an accidental absence of colouring matter. Species 96. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA constricTa. Marg. testd subfusiformi- conicd, albidd, obscure fasciatd, spird acute conicd, an- Jractibus versus basin attenuatis, labro crassé reflexo, subflecuoso, columella quadriplicatd. THE CONSTRICTED MarGINELLA. Shell somewhat fu- siformly conical, white, obscurely banded, spire sharply conical, whorls attenuated towards the base, lip thickly reflected, slightly flexuous, columella four- plaited. Hinps, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 74. Hab, 5 Of a peculiar tapering form, but of very simple cha- racter in detail. Species 97. (Fig. a, J, Mus. Cuming.) MarGINELLA HonpDURASENSIS. inflata, flavescente-corned, nitente, livido-fusco trifas- ciatd, spird subacute conicd, apertura subpatuld, la- Marg. testé ovata, tenui, bro vie incrassato, columella quadriplicata. Toe Honpuras MarGINneELLa. Shell ovate, thin, inflated, yellowish horn-colour, shining, three-banded with livid-brown, spire rather sharply conical, aperture rather wide open, lip scarcely thickened, columella four-plaited. fab. Honduras. Distinguished by its light inflated growth and peculiar tone of colour. Species 98. (Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA VEXILLUM. arg. testd conico-ovaté, albidd, violaceo-fusco fasciatd et maculata, spird sub- prominuld, anfractibus superné tumido-gibbosis, inferné attenuatis, labro tumido-incrassato, undigue punctato, intus denticulato, columelld quadriplicata. THE FLAG MarGtneuia. Shell conically ovate, whitish, banded and blotched with violet-brown, spire rather prominent, whorls tumidly gibbous round the upper part, attenuated at the lower, lip tumidly thickened, dotted throughout, denticulated within, columella four-plaited. REDFIELD, MS. in Mus. Cuming. fab, Cape Palmas, Liberia. This appears to be a very characteristic species, but T have only a very indifferent specimen to judge by. January, 1865. “5 ‘ ne : ai BI ~ = » me & ' A i + ; r a [ate | >" a mat hae Z 3 ’ . “ Hab. There is only a faint indication of colour in this species. Species 133. (Mus. Taylor.) MARGINELLA PAXILLUS. Marg. testé elongato-conieé, NELLA. XXIV. pellucido-albd, nitente, spird subexsertd, anfractibus superne tumidiusculis, infernée attenuatis, labro opaco, Jlexuoso, columella quadriplicatd. THE PEG MarGInetua. Shell elongately conical, trans- parent-white, shining, spire rather exserted, whorls rather swollen round the upper part, attenuated to- wards the lower part, lip opake, flexuous, columella four-plaited. D) Lab. Of a distinct, elongately conical form, and transparent white substance. Species 134. (Mus. Taylor.) MARGINELLA CANDIDA. tente-albd, spird abbreviato-conicd, anfractibus superne gibboso-tumidis, labro varicoso-reflexo, intus denticulato, columella validé quadriplicatd. THE WHITE MARGINELLA. shining-white, spire shortly conical, whorls gibbously swollen round the upper part, lip varicosely reflected, toothed within, columella strongly four-plaited. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Marg. p. 382. pl. 75. f. 86, 87. Hab. ——? Marg. testé trigono-ovati, ni- Shell triangularly ovate, Of a characteristic Melampus-like form. Fig. 135. (Mus. Taylor.) The shell here represented proves to be a small speci- men of AZ. dactea, Kiener, described at Pl. XVII. Sp. 81. Species 136, (Mus. Cuming.) MaRGINELLA APFINIS. Marg. testd cylindraced. utrinque rotundatd, pellucido-alhd, solidiusculd, spird parva, la- bro flexuoso, columellé quadriplicatd. THE ALLIED MaRGINELLA. Shell cylindrical, rounded at each end, transparent-white, rather solid, spire small, lip flexuous, columella four-plaited. January, 1865. MARGINELLA.—Piarr XXIV. Hab. Island of Thomas, West Indies. Resembling the preceding West India species in general aspect, but quite distinct. It is more obtusely rounded at the extremities, and has an additional plait upon the colu- mella. Species 137. (Mus. Cuming.) MarGinELLa sorpipa. Marg. testd angusté oblonga, sordide albd, spira obtuse conied, labro varicoso-incras- sato, columella triplicata. Tue soRDID MarGINELLA. Shell narrowly oblong, dull- white, spire obtusely conical, lip varicosely thickened, columella three-plaited. 2 Hab. Of a simple character, but distinct from any other species. Marginella Pl. AXV- 143.6. 143.0. Sowerby, del.et ith Vincent Brooks, Imp. MARGIN E LA. Pirate XXV. Species 138. (Mus. Cuming.) MarGINELLA NEGLECTA. Marg. testd ovatd, pellucido- alba, spird turbinatd, lubro modicé turd versus basin latiusculd, columella quadriplicatda. THE NEGLECTED Manrctnetta. Shell ovate, transpa- rent-white, spire turbinated, lip moderately thickened, imcrassato, aper- aperture rather broad towards the base, columella four-plaited. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Marg. p. 390. pl. 76. f. 135, 136. Hab. P The spire of this species is more exserted than is usual in this group of the genus. Species 139. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA BULLULA. Marg. testa cylindraceo-oblongd, pellucido-albd, vitred, spird obtusé conicd, labro flecu- oso, columella quadriplicatd. THE LITTLE BUBBLE MarGINELLA. Shell cylindrically oblong, transparent-white, glassy, spire obtusely co- nical, lip flexuous, columella four-plaited. Hab. Borneo. A glassy shell, of very simple typical character. Species 140, (Pig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA OLIVELLA. Marg. testd oblongo-ovata, su- perne subinflatd, vitreo-albd, spird parva, labro modicé incrassato, opaco, apertura latiusculd, columella quad- riplicatd. THE LITTLE OLIVE MarGINELLA. Shell oblong-ovate, rather inflated towards the upper part, glassy-white, spire small, lip moderately thickened, opake, aperture rather wide, columella four-plaited. Hab. Australia; Strange. Distinguished by an inflated growth, which is more prominent round the base of the spire. Species 141. (Mus. Bell.) MARGINELLA INcoNspIcua. Marg. testé conico-ovaté, solidiusculd, nitente-albd, spird parvd, labro varicoso- incrassato, columella quadriplicatda. THe INconsPicuous Maratnetua. Shell conically ovate, rather solid, shining-white, spire small, lip varicosely thickened, columella four-plaited. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Marg. p. 387. pl. 75. f. 80. Hab, ——? Distinguished by a conical form, attenuately contracted at the base. Species 142. (Mus. Bell.) MARGINELLA EVANIDA. didé alba, pallidissimé bifasciatd, spird subobtusd, an- Marg. testé conico-ovald, sor- Sractibus superné gibbosis, labro tumido-incrassato, co- lumella quadriplicata. THE FADED MARGINELLA. white, very faintly two-banded, spire rather obtuse, Shell conically ovate, dull- whorls gibbous round the upper part, lip tumidly thickened, columella four-plaited. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Marg. p. 388. pl. 75 f. 69. Hab. iy A very unsatisfactory and doubtful species, the shell being in bad condition. Species 143. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) MarGineLua corusca. Marg. testd ovatd, versus basin " subatlenuatd, pellucido-corned, lividd, rufo pallidissimeé bifasciatd, spira obtusa, labro varicoso-incrassato, co- lumelld quadriplicata. THE GLISTENING MAaRGINELLA. attenuated towards the base, transparent horny, livid, Shell ovate, slightly very faintly two-banded with red, spire obtuse, lip varicosely thickened, columella four-plaited. Hab. Singapore. A very characteristic, livid horny shell, faintly banded in two places with dark-red. Species 144. (Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA BULBOSA. opaco-alba, spird minutd, partim immersd, anfractibus Marg. testa tumido-ovatd, superné solidé obtusis, labro modicé incrassato, colu- melia quadriplicatd. Tue BULBOUS MaRGINELLA. Shell tumidly ovate, opake- white, spire minute, partly immersed, whorls solidly obtuse round the upper part, lip moderately thick- ened, columella four-plaited. Hab. Borneo. A conical shell, particularly solid and obtuse round the | upper part. January, 1865. or ‘ ; tks a we rae'« Ane : ee a ae ' ’ ue Pa fea 1 o Sh i -— bf > 3 os 5 Pra = 3 rs a a i i - : 2 i aA >. [ f ; i ' , rat : : ‘ ee: pia : + « ow te : A By 498 ; f es ‘ i if Pay r , cS re — 7 a ee i , i - d Fi ; : z " , i Ke cee ee St oiere wy 7 OF; 5 . 5 , i 6 , , j : + So ee =A ’ iF i'pa as 7 7, : 7 ’ ‘ 7 or ; ° " . ey ° . a re ‘ : - : es neal a i : a, —-= _ & a ee a) ns - ies “yids { iw. 4 Bae hae - ’ e - a u Z 7 _ ¥ hte #8. pees A ais + = f b é hee | 4 f P } 2 , =_ ate pee bi Le. ae z 4) ifgar = ‘ - . : iF - ‘ i Pk ok em A Pe ees | 2 | 7 ; ; Mtieoe Pe ce) Yan : phen sitet,” 23 + + 7 i rf i : “eae — et ' zt - a , . er E : GOs Daas: § Wb hist bai j A. 2 = © WOO TP lise hi ere x cual ' 7 : ves re " c ss ij eee | eae - = Se eee = = Ey | eo Ce a sam = ro Marginella Pl. XXVL. U8.a. 149.0 151 Sowerby, del.et ith Vincent Brooks, Imp. MARGINELLA,. PuatE XXVI. Species 145, (Mus, Taylor.) MaRGINELLA SEMEN. Marg. testd subpyriformi-ovatd, sordidé alba, spird minutd, fere immersi, anfractibus superne tumido-rotundatis, labro incrassato, columella callosd, minuté quadriplicata. THe SEED MarGINELLA. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, dull white, spire minute, almost immersed, whorls tumidly rounded at the upper part, lip thick- ened, columella callous, minutely four-plaited. Hab, ? A rather swollen species, with the spire but little ap- parent. Species 146. (Mus. Cuming.) MarGIneLia Jewertit. Marg, testd obtuse conicd, pel- lucido-albd, spird partim immersd, anfractibus superné tumido-rotundatis, labro modicé incrassato, columella tumida minute quadriplicata. Jewerr’s MarGinetua. Shell obtusely conical, trans- parent-white, spire partly immersed, whorls tumidly rounded at the upper part, lip moderately thickened, columella tumid, minutely four-plaited. Carpenter, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Santa Barbara, New California; Col. Jewett. Somewhat like the preceding species, but rather more oblong, with the columellar plaits more defined, Species 147. (Mus. Taylor.) MarGineia ros. Marg. testd obtuse conicd, subpyri- Sori, spird partim immersd, vitreo-albd, labro modicé incrassato, columellé calloso-tumidd minutissimé pli- cata, THE DEW MarGrveLia. Shell obtusely conical, some- what pear-shaped, spire partly immersed, glassy-white, lip moderately thickened, columella callously swollen, very minutely plaited. Hab. ? A transparent, glassy shell, of a rather stout pear- shaped form. Species 148. (Fig. a, 46, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA ENCAUSTICA. solidd, nitente-albd, spird immersd, anfractibus superne Marg. testé subpyriformi, tumido-gibbosis, labro crassé reflexo, intus minute den- ticulato, columella calloso-tumidd, multiplicatd. THE ENAMELLED MarGiNeLia. Shell somewhat pear- shaped, solid, shining-white, spire immersed, whorls tumidly gibbous round the upper part, lip thickly reflected, minutely denticulated within, columella cal- lously swollen, many-plaited. Hab, Ceylon. A solid pear-shaped shell, rather rudely gibbous round the upper part. Species 149. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) MaRGINELLA RUFULA. Marg. testa ovato-turbinatd, pel- lucida, vitred, rufuld, fusco-rufo pallide trifasciatd, spira conico-exsertd, labro parum incrassato, superné emarginato, columella quadriplicata. THE RUFOUS MarerneLia. Shell ovately turbinated, transparent, glassy, reddish, faintly three-banded with brown-red, spire conically exserted, lip but little thickened, notched at the upper part, columella four- plaited. GaskoIN, MS. in Mus. Taylor. Hab. Green Point, Cape of Good Hope; Benson. A very characteristic Volute-shaped species, of a ru- fous, glassy substance, delicately pencilled with brown-red bands. Species 150. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) MARGINELLA INFANS. Marg. testa ovata, subconicd, pel- lucido-albd, pallidissimeé fusco-bilineata, spird obtusa, labro modicé incrassato, flecuoso, columella quadri- plicata. THE SMALL MarcGrine.ia. Shell ovate, slightly conical, transparent-white, encircled with two faint-brown lines, spire obtuse, lip moderately thickened, flexu- ous, columella, four-plaited. Hab, Singapore. Mostly encircled with two faint-brown lines. Species 151. (Mus. Cuming.) MarGINeLia ppicrus. Mary. testd subpyriformi-ovati, vitreo-albd, spird pared, labro viv incrassato, columella calloso-tumidd, quadriplicata THE PIN Marortnenia. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, glassy-white, spire small, lip scarcely thickened, columella callously swollen, four-plaited. | Hab. Mogadore, Marocco; M‘Andrew. A solid, pear-shaped shell, but delicately transpa- rent. January, 1865, F pate? 2 7 “au > : oul Bir pity 3 NAb agh birihiiepte 4 Aviddie Ly yh aunye, fs Te Jaycee ies NA. ti Balers alga te - donflir 3, Sy HY cab nae i ss Pn ee eee pane hy Paes > — : teed ie | ‘pacts an UlpeMircdna yc! oleanieetaiarat Salyge” : I ee Shine vind, -BOO' 169) Barat mehlig evr tyke Hise ingoe hire kh i | Cael oD eu) OSE vale | a 7 i y ‘9 Pan a . oe s : if sal a ae ! Pe eer) ae 1 : ee ae 7 7 - ¥ . or 7 : ne ~ pine -@is sole quar ae fies pune > a : ! au S* be) eon a Ek anaes dy i ah ct oaetiog hy ior bas rate aiid ba ely) Vee Se hush, sre bly denne. 7 & Soy CAM g aA Se Lentil” Ue cetiptaan { 7 _° ee PMMA, DAV Pipe age) lee re ARO AUD 35 2 RN : i f 0 See Alen hs Saree WF OPA ae | H ae ae Rao vibe iy Mi n4 ; { Patani high bout ae: ett tv 2 esos Pay Nae ugh . “TF ‘ aan i 4, g : ‘ee = ; } : 4 dtie a evel oe Vy Tata Un cies ENGR, r Y coll Te at ad ce eae at P ibs . a i L ee Es - : oa hol ip w ies ae 4 \ # an ibe by Sh 4 ; Mis 4 ats ‘ He feel SP a Afi Ode a & : ’ . ie v4 / 4 i oe +ue pitts yeh ee ia, Gat Pe Lid ot thee i ne, Boke sarees Chip wh Jit Yall wane Jestishe aa : 7 or i. all ont : - Perera’ hell 0 i Fea Saat ie Der * heb tabi ae jnat fi ; i “fe R j . 416 od 225 by tg 2 sy oh ) CFU as eel y yore st shee (PEE —) a i - = i qiiae © ; y aw 1 j z S 4 ri f, : ‘ ss i y a5 39 3.44 er ipeAs! \% Sbaiied yi aa ie 4 ‘foe H ert ye ’ i ay? 4 oe ated fg ie? dia olin chum wilinals® yay sa { palicetb a9 aienide Jematoniapruacs ar - 9 SOV nigh Coq ees - - H a on 7” as cabin Pin : ied a ont tae! hes ME iy) A) 02 ote 1 Vw at beg * nil Sno Me an Wis , 34241 WA iv : wi eae Dae herr _ ‘ = EL ae eee Meteo 4% a ia i) ppl eae) aa bad Dey (ae (64% s : pi tale r yi fo FD - iy dy Mw dig ah : en Bere rt ee ae a _ ‘ ee Sar! Veen oe : Anctllaria PLL. Vincent Brooks, Imp Sowerby, del.et lith. ANCILLARIA. Prate II. Species 3. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Taylor.) ANCILLARIA MAMILLATA. dae. testé subacuminato-fusi- Sormi, solidiusculd, rufescente-spadiced, supra et infra saturatiore, interdum subrosaced, anfractibus superio- ribus plus minus confertim spiraliter sulcatis, apice sepissime calloso. THE MAMILLATED ANCILLARIA. — Shell rather acumi- nately fusiform, rather solid, reddish-fawn, darker above and below, sometimes pinkish, upper whorls more or less closely spirally grooved, apex generally callous. Hrnps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, pl. 11. f. 7, 8. Hab. Straits of Malacca (at the depth of seventeen fa- thoms) ; Belcher. In this species the animal deposits an unusual quan- tity of callous enamel on the upper whorls, reaching often to the apex. Species 4. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. , Mus. Taylor.) - ANCILLARIA CINGULATA. Ane. testd subelongato-fusiformi, tenui, modicé ventricosé, pallidé purpurascente-cinna- momed, ad suturas opaco-albd, ad basin vivide ustulato- brunneo fasciatd, columellé arcuato-contortd, opaco- alba. THE GIRDLED ANcTILLARTA. Shell rather elongately fusiform, thin, moderately ventricose, pale purple cinnamon-colour, opaque-white at the sutures, banded with bright burnt-brown at the base, columella arcu- ately twisted, opaque-white. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Anc. p. 62. pl. 213. f. 54. Hab. Cape York and Torres Straits, North Australia. This beautiful species is girdled at the base with a con- spicuous burnt-brown band, of which the lower half is enamelled of a rich sienna colour. Species 5. (Mus, Cuming.) ANCILLARIA RUBIGINOSA. formi, solidé, cinnamomeo-fuscd, ad suturas callosa, Ane. testé subanguste fusi- spird acuminata, callosa. THE RUDDY ANCILLARTA. Shell somewhat narrowly fu- siform, solid, cinnamon-brown, callous at the sutures, spire acuminated, callous, Swanson, Zool. Illus. vol. ii. pl. 4. Hab. China; Madagascar. A fine, callous species of solid growth, characterized by a uniform colour of livid cinnamon-brown. November, 1864. Laer sespee lon = 06 ae Bi ay See av eee Sowerby, del ev ith Aneillaria PLLA. C—O ee Vancent Brocks Imp. — AGN Cilia ACK DAs. Prate III. Species 6. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Taylor.) ANCILLARIA OBTUSA. Ane. testd oblongo-ovatd, subpyri- formi, versus apicem crassé calloso-obtusd, apice inter- dum minute acuto, aurantiad vel cerulescente, callosi- tate castaneo tinctd, columelld arcuata, parum contorta. THE oBTuse ANCILLARIA. Shell oblong-ovate, some- what pear-shaped, thickly callously obtuse towards the apex, apex sometimes minutely sharp, orange or bluish, callosity tinged with chestnut, columella arched, but little twisted. Swatnson, Journ. Sci. Lit. and Arts, vol. xvii. p. 282. Hab. Albany, Cape of Good Hope. Distinguished by a remarkable superfluity of callous enamel around the spire, imparting an obtuse, round- shouldered forma to the shell. Species 7. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA AUSTRALIS. Ane. testa subfusiformi-ovata, versus apicem calloso-obtusd, apice subacuminato, plumbeo-ceruled, cailositate castaneo tinctié, columella constricto-contortd. SOUTHERN ANcCILLARIA. Shell somewhat fusi- formly ovate, callously obtuse towards the apex, apex rather acuminated, leaden-blue, callosity tinged with chestnut, columella constrictedly twisted. THE ANCILLARIA MARGINATA. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Anc. p. 63. pl. 211. f. 1, 2. Ancillaria depressa, Sowerby. Hab. New Zealand. This species resembles certain varieties of the 4. obtusa in its callous deposits and colouring, but the spire is more acuminated, and the columella has a peculiarly constricted growth. Species 8. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Ane. testa ovato-fusiformi, ven- tricosiusculd, spird acuminata, liratd, lutescente-auran- tid, anfractibus levibus, superné late calloso-margi- natis, callositate aurantio-fusco tinctd, columella ab- breviato-contorta. THE MarGINeD ANcrILLaRta. Shell ovately-fusiform. rather ventricose, spire acuminated, ridged, yellowish- orange, whorls smooth, broadly callously margined at the upper part, callosity stained with orange- brown, columella shortly twisted. | Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 591. Hab. Port Phillip, New South Wales. Of rather light substance, neatly margined at the su- tures, with a rather broad, callous band and spiral ridge, the ridge being gradually more defined as it reaches the apex. November, 1864. ys sylke nay, abs ‘- wan i j i | jOx22 ei Se - aeeiaates iat, a6! L eeenne @ S Fags | 48 seh (Eh a Pica Mell i Cue. Lawn Oe pnt ee jivtpemt sy (sy _ ’ rsp Fj = ee y ' a a 7 - Gren | Grr ipo ol a Sim S ae © Ven Genk. o ti . aa aR), Ok, DO el heey cir't ypegiiahy oat PM EURTCee ; Peng: > Qe OW ate borat ari iaye of yee i et > »o@e a Ee aN © Fel aed . aOk i | Sinha ‘ont? AP ae wi ibe, willl re ia jal Aart nt mes joe ae 7 icanaeh! oth Dy Nike: 2 bcos Aneallaria Fl. IF | Ge. V0.a Sowerby, del.et ith Vincent Brooks, Imp ANCILLARIA. Puate IY. Species 9. (Fig. a, Mus. Taylor; Fig. 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) AnciLtaria Monrrovuziert. Ane. testd subcylindraceo- oblonga, versus apicem valde callosd, pallidé rosaceo- spadiced, callositate subsaturatiore, apice parvo, acuto, columella arcuatd, parum contorta. Monrrovuzier’s ANcILLARTA. Shell somewhat cylin- drically-oblong, very callous towards the apex, pale pinkish-fawn colour, callosity slightly darker, apex small, sharp, columella arched, but little twisted. SowerBig£, Journ. Conch. vol. 8. p. 207. pl. 9 f. 3. Hab. Loyalty Island, New Caledonia. H A solid, eylindrically-oblong species, distinguished by a peculiarly delicate rose-tinted fawn colour, the callosity being very little darker in tone than the body-whorls. Species 10. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA MUCRONATA. oblonga, crassd, versus apicem valde callosd, apice parvo, mucronalo, rosaceo-spadiced, callositate fuscd, Ane. testa subcylindraceo- columella arcuato-contortd. THE POINTED ANCILLARIA. Shell somewhat cylindri- eally oblong, thick, very callous towards the apex, apex small, pointed, rose-tinted fawn-colour, callosity fuscous, columella arcuately twisted. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Ane. p. 63. pl. 211. f. 11, 12. Hab. Tasmania. Very like the preceding species, but of larger growth and more opaque colour; the columella is also more twisted. Species 11. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA PYRAMIDALIS. ventricosd, purpurascente-spadiced, callositate fuscd, Ane. testa ovatd, tenuicuid, spira pyramidali-acuminatd, undique callosd, columella arcuato-contorla. THE PYRAMIDAL ANCILLARIA. Shell ovate, rather thin, ventricose, purplish-fawn colour, callosity fuscous, spire pyramidally acuminated, callous throughout, columella arcuately twisted. Hab. New Zealand, The shells of this type of the genus are for the most | part of very solid substance, but this is rather light and ventricose, with its callous spire peculiarly pyramidally acuminated. November, 1864. or) 2.6. if Vincent Brooks Imy Sowerby, del. et lith AMNEC EEO LAG Kole AS. PuaTE V. Species 12. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANCTLLARIA SIMILIS. Aue. testé fusiformi-oblongd, tenui- culd, candida, spird acuminata, callositate latiusculd ; apertura angustd, columellé arcuald, parum contorta. Tue simizar Ancitnarta., Shell fusiformly-oblong, rather thin, white, spire acuminated, callosity rather broad: aperture narrow, columella arched, but little twisted. Sowerby, Thes. Conch, Ane. p. 64. pl. 211. f. 17. Hab. Torres Straits, North Australia. A colourless shell of light growth, distinguished by a characteristic acuminately-oblong form. Species 13. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA ELONGATA. Ane. testd acuminato-elongata, tenui, ventricosd, candida, spirdé acuminata, callositate | supra et infra levigatd, nitente-eburned ; aperturd an- gusta, columella subrecta. THE ELONGATED ANCILLARIA. Shell acuminately elon- gated, thin, ventricose, white, spire acuminated, cal- losity above and below smooth, shining ivory ; aper- ture narrow, columella nearly straight. Gray, Sow. Thes. Conch. Anc. p. 62. f. 52, 53. Hab. ? Unlike other species of this form, there are no spiral ridges at the base of the shell. The callosity, both above and below the whorls, is of ivory smoothness. Species 14. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA TOROSA. Ane. testd ovatd, tenuiculd, ven- tricosd, aurantio-lutescente vel cinnamomed, spird bre- vissimd, partim immersd, suturd calloso-canaliculaté ; apertura patuld, columella subcontorta, eburned. Tue MUSCULAR ANCTLLARIA. Shell ovate, rather thin, ventricose, orange-yellow or cinnamon colour, spire very short, partially immersed, suture eallously chan- nelled ; aperture widely opened, columella slightly twisted, ivory-white. MevuscHeEn, Sow. Thes. Conch. Ane. p. 58. f. 30-32. Ancillaria Mauritiana, Sowerby. Ancillaria volutella, Deshayes. Hab, Madagascar; Mauritius. This well-known species, of light, inflated growth, is always distinguished by a peculiarly shining-white co- lumella. November, 1864. a . Ancillarva Pl. VIO 15.C. 15.0. 16 w 76. b. 78. & Sowerby, delet lith Vincent. Brooks AS Ne Cr Delp il A Prats VI. Species 15. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA VENTRICOSA. Aue. testd ovatd, crassiusculd, ventricost, cinnamomed vel cinnamomeo-rufd, spird abbrevialo-acuminatd, anfractibus superne declivibus, columella truncato-contortd, eburned. THE VENTRICOSE ANCILLARIA. Shell ovate, rather thick, ventricose, cinnamon or cinnamon-red, spire shortly acuminated, whorls sloping round the upper part, columella truncately twisted, ivory-white. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 590. Hab. Red Sea. This well-known species varies in colour from a dark cinnamon to a cinnamon-red, but the red never approaches the peculiar orange-red of 4. aperta. Species 16. (Mig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) ANCILLARTA APERTA. Ane. tesld oblongo-ovuid, nari- Sormi, inflald, avrantio-rufa, spird brevi, subimmersd, suluris subcallosis, anfractibus superné obtuse angula- tis, columella subcontortd, eburned, opeEN ANcrLnaRria. Shel] oblong-ovate, boat- shaped, inflated, orange-red, spire short, partially THE immersed, sutures rather callous, whorls obtusely angled at the upper part, columella slightly twisted, ivory-white. Sowerby, Tankerville Cat. App. p. 32. tab, Lauzibar. An oblong boat-shaped species of great rarity, distin- guished by a peculiar orange-red colour. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) o So Species 17. (Fi ANCILUARIA CASTANEA. dnc. testa ovatd, crassinsculd, ventricosd, cinnamomeo-fuscd, spird abbreviato-acu- minald, anfractibus superne declivibus, deinde tumidis, ad basin sulcatis, columella truncato-contortd, ebur- ned ; apertura ad basin dentata. Tue CHESTNUT ANCILLARIA. Shell ovate, rather thick, ventricose, cinnamon-brown, spire shortly acumi- nated, whorls sloping at the upper part, then tumid, erooved at the base, columella truncately twisted, ivory-white ; aperture toothed at the base. SowErsy, Spec. Conch. p. 5. f. 20-23. Hab, Red Sea. Very like 4. ventricosa, but distinguished by the pre- sence of a constricted groove round the base, which deve- lopes a small tooth on the margin of the aperture. Species 18. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA FULVA. Aue. tesld ovatd, crassd, callosd, Sulvo-fuscescente, interdum carned, opaco-albo strigatd, spird brevi, anfractibus declivi-convewis, columella druncato-contorta, albd. Tur runvous AnciLtutania. Shell ovate, thick, callous, fulvous-brown, sometimes flesh-tinted, streaked with opaque-white, spire short, whorls slopingly convex, columella truncately twisted, white. Swarnson, Journ. Sci. Lit. and Arts, No. 36. Ancillaria variegata, Sowerby. Fab, Red Sea. Of a thicker and more callons growth than 4. ventricosa, muddy-fulvous in colour, passing to a bright flesh-tint streaked with opake-white. November, 1864. Ancillarta Pl. 79. & 20. aw. 22.4, Ve a] 1, - z \ a ooks, Sowerby, del.et hth fincent, Brooks] ACNGOel teh ASK Ay Prate VII. Species 19, (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming; Fig. c, Mus. Taylor.) ANCILLARIA CINNAMOMEA, cinnamomed vel cinnamomeo-aurantid, spird brevi, acu- Ane. testé acuminato-ovaté, minatd, callosd, obscuré albifasciatd, anfractibus su- perne declivi-contractis, inferné constrictis et sulcatis, columella truncato-contorta ; aperturé ad basin minute dentata, THE CINNAMON ANCILLARIA, Shell acuminately ovate, cinnamon or cinnamon-orange, spire short but acu- minated, callous, obscurely white-banded, whorls slo- piugly contracted at the upper part, constricted and grooved at the lower, columella truncately twisted ; aperture minutely toothed at the base. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 589. Bulla Cyprea ?, Linneus. Ancilla brunnea, Schumacher. Anaulax cinnamomea, Roissy. Ancillaria effusa, Swainson. Hab. Red Sea. Of a narrower, more acuminated form than any of the allied species in the preceding Plate, with colour of a cha- racteristie orange-cinnamon hue, inclined to be white- banded towards the apex. Species 20. (Fig. a, 46, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA ALBIFASCIATA. duce. testd ovatd, subven- tricosd, luteo-aurantid, ad suturas albifasciatd, spird brevi, anfractibus cylindraceis, infernt constrictis et sulcatis, columella truncato-contortd ; apertura ad basin minute dentata. THE WHITE-BANDED ANCILLARIA. Shell ovate, some- what ventricose, yellowish-orange, banded with white at the sutures, spire short, whorls cylindrical, con- stricted and grooved at the lower part, columella truncately twisted ; aperture minutely toothed at the base. Swanson, Journ. of Sci. Lit. and Arts, No. 36. Hab. Red Sea. This comes very near to the pale varieties of 4. cinna- momea, and must be regarded as a doubtful species. Species 21. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA ACUMINATA. dnc. testd acuminato-oblongé, fulvo-spadiced, ad basin saturatiore, spird elevatd, an- Sractibus superné declivibus, deinde tumidiusculis, in- ferné constrictis et sulcatis, sulco albo, columella con- tortd, eburned ; apertura ad basin minute dentata. THE ACUMINATED ANCILLARTA. Shell acuminately ob- long, fulvous-drab, darker at the base, spire raised, whorls sloping at the upper part, then a little tumid, constricted and grooved at the lower part, groove white, columella twisted, ivory-white; aperture mi- nutely toothed at the base, Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Ane. p. 59. pl. 214. f. 66, 67. Hab. Zanzibar. A very characteristic well-defined species. Species 22. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA ALBISULCATA. meo-spadiced, ad basin saturatiore, spird parva, an- Jractibus subventricosis, inferné suleatis, sulco albo, columella contorta, eburned; apertura ad basin dentatd. THE WHITE-GROOVED ANCILLARIA, Shell ovate, cin- * namon-drab, darker at the base, spire small, whorls slightly ventricose, grooved at the lower part, groove white, columella toothed at the base. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. p. 4. f. 14-19. Hab. Red Sea. The style of colouring, so far as regards the darker base, edged with a white groove, resembles that of 4, acuminata ; the form of the species is quite distinct. Ane. testé ovatd, cinnamo- twisted, ivory-white; aperture Species 23. (Mus, Cuming.) AncrILuarta DESHAYESII. Ane. testé ovatd, lutescente, spird subacuminatd, anfractibus superné constrictis, inferne sulcutis, columellé truncato-contortd ; apertura ad basin minute dentaté. DesHayes’ ANCILLARTA. Shell ovate, yellowish, spire rather acuminated, whorls constricted round the upper part, grooved at the lower part, columella trun- eately twisted; aperture minutely toothed at the base. Apams, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. p, 60. pl. 214. f. 68, 69. Hab. Moluccas. This is not a very satisfactory species, but I am still unable to refer it to any other. November, 1864. Ancillaria Pl. Vi Sowerby, del.et Lith Vincent Brooks,h Ae N Cals brAck lk: Puate VIII. Species 24. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA OBLONGA. Ane. testd subfusiformi-oblongd, purpurascente-spadiced, callositate lacted rufo-flam- mata ad suturas fasciatd, spird acuminata, columella tenuiculd, arcuatd, parum contortda. THE OBLONG ANCILLARIA. Shell somewhat fusiformly oblong, purplish-fawn, banded at the sutures with a red-flamed cream-coloured callosity, spire acuminated, columella rather slender, arched, but little twisted. Sowersy, Species Conch. p. 7. f. 38, 39. Hab. Australia. The sutural callosity of this pretty species is of an opake cream-colour, striped longitudinally throughout with red-brown flames. Species 25. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA LINEATA. ned, nitente, aurantio-fusco exiliter lineata, callositate suturali opaco-albda, aurantio-fusco subobscuré flamma- ta, spira elevatd, columellé arcuato-contortd. THE LINEATED ANCILLARIA. Shell acuminately ovate, ivory-white, shining, delicately lineated with orange- brown, sutural callosity opake-white, rather obscurely flamed with orange-brown, spire raised, columella arcuately twisted. Krener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 16. pl. 3. f. 2. Hab. Australia. Ane. testa acuminato-ovata, ebur- Of quite a different form from the preceding species, with the columella more arcuately twisted. Species 26. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA SCAPHELLA. Ane. testé ovaté, naviformi, tenui, inflata, albidd, fuscescente sparsim tinctd, spird minima, partim immersd, columella subrectd ; apertura patuld. THE LITTLE BOAT ANCIULARIA. Shell ovate, boat-shaped, thin, inflated, whitish, sparingly tinged with brown, spire very small, partially immersed, columella nearly straight; aperture wide open. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Ane. p. 58. pl. 212. pl. 37, 38. flab. > A light boat-shaped shell, with a very small, partially immersed spire. Species 27. (Fig. 2, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 6, Mus. Taylor.) ANCILLARIA AMPLA. Ane. testd cylindraceo-oblongd, sub- angustd, alba, rufo circa spiram interdum strigatd, spird pared, suturis obliqué constrictis, anfractibus sub- inflatis, columella parum contortd ; aperturd hiatuld. Tue amMPLE Ancrutarta. Shell cylindrically oblong, rather narrow, white, sometimes streaked with red about the spire, spire small, sutures obliquely con- stricted, whorls rather inflated, columella but little twisted ; aperture open. Voluta ampla, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3467. Bulla ampla, Wood. Anceillaria candida, Lamarck. Ancillaria umpla, Sowerby. Ancillaria cylindrica, Sowerby. Hab. Red Sea. The spire of this species is not unfrequently streaked, or rather smeared, in an unusual manner with blood-red. Species 28. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA OBESA. albidd, purpurascente-rufo fasciata et flammatd, spird Ane. testé ovatd, subobesd, sordideé conicd, anfractibus superné tumidiusculis, inferne bisul- catis, columellé conspicue arcuatda. THe srour ANcILLARIA. Shell ovate, rather stout, dull white, banded and flamed with purplish-red, spire conical, whorls rather swollen round the upper part, double-grooved at the lower, columella conspicu- ously arched. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Anc. p. 65. pl. 215. f. 44, 45. Hab. New Zealand. Peculiar in form, and of a dull livid purplish-red. November, 186+. uu 30a. 33.4 Sowerby,del.et hth | Aneillarin Pl Vincent Broo Ap Ne Cress Area Piate IX. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA STRIOLATA. Ane, testd ovald, albidd, spa- diceo tincld, spird parvd, conicd, anfractibus cylin- draceo-convevis, nitentibus, inferné bisulcatis, colu- mellé constricto-contorta. THE FINELY-STRIATED ANCILLARIA, Shell whitish, fawn-tinted, spire small, conical, whorls ovate, eylindrically convex, shining, double-grooved at the lower part, columella constrictedly twisted. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Anc. p. 60. pl. 212. f. 24, 25. Hab. ——? The enamel of this species has frequently a streaky appearance, scarcely amounting to the character of striz. Species 30. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA TRONSONT. Sormi, albidd, nitente, spird minuta, anfractibus subin- flatis, columella parum contortd. Tronson’s ANCILLARIA. Shell ovate, somewhat boat- shaped, whitish, shining, spire very small, whorls a little inflated, columella but little twisted. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Ane. p. 58. pl. 212. f. 20, 21. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. . Characterized by a slightly inflated, boat-like form, with a very small spire. Species 31. (Vig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA CONTUSA. Aue. tesld ovatd, obesd, crassis- sind, spadiced, castaneo-brunneo strigatd et maculata, spira obtusd, rudé callosd, anfractibus modicé convexis, ad basin castaneo-brunneis, columetld excavato-arcuati, abbreviato-lruncata, THE BRUISED ANCILLARTA. thick, fawn-colour, streaked and blotched with chest- nut-brown, spire obtuse, rudely callous, whorls mo- derately convex, chestnut-brown at the base, colu- mella excavately arched, shortly truncated. >) Shell ovate, stout, very Hab. This very striking shell approaches 4. of¢usa in general character, but it will be found on comparison to differ throughout, especially in the arched excavation of the columella. Ane. testd ovalié, subnaviculi- | Species 32. (Fig, a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) ANCILLARIA MARMORATA. Anc. testd ovatd, inflatd, albidd, fulvo-carneo pallidé strigaté et marmoratd, spird conicd, anfractibus declivi-convexis, columella subrectd, fulvo-brunned. MOTTLED ANCILLARIA. Shell ovate, inflated, whitish, faintly streaked and mottled with fulvous flesh-colour, spire conical, whorls slopingly convex, THE columella nearly straight, fulvous-brown. 2 Hab. Characterized by a peculiar mottling of light, fulvous flesh-colour and opake-white, while the columella is con- spicuously stained with fulvous-brown. Species 33. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA SARDA. Ane. testa obeso-ovatd, rufescente- luted, nitente, ad spiram obscure albifasciatd, spird conicd, anfructibus tumido-convexis, columella con- stricto-contortd, eburned. THE CORNELIAN ANCILLARIA. Shell stoutly ovate, reddish-yellow, shining, obscurely white-banded at the spire, spire conical, whorls tumidly convex, co- lumella constrictedly twisted, ivory-white. Hab. ——? A shining yellow-enamelled shell, with a constrictedly twisted, ivory-white columella. Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA CRASSA. Ane. testd obeso-ovatd, crassa, al- bidd, spird subampld, conicd, anfractibus tumido-con- vevis, inferne calloso-fasciatis et suleatis, columella constricto-contorta. Tue THIck ANCILLARIA. whitish, spire rather large, conical, whorls tumidly convex, callously banded and grooved round the lower part, columella constrictedly twisted. SowerBy, Thes. Conch. Ane. p. 60. f. 90, 91. Hab. Red Sea. Shell stoutly ovate, thick, A swollen, callous shel, with a rather prominent spire. November, 1864. KERR A LUA ‘Bo - >. (. Dette tice yo ss 7 oak 2 me , { ee cep Bo 3 : bsiees € : : a 4 en Wes REP UATE IR Sei nt % 27S aye es ae +3 Cama toet ¢ \ oe at Eee 4 eas ‘ 5 y 4 eed - ; pr Nios i eke Pee ed a OR ee Bre cee eat es inp rn ae . ed ah ees a ik * ‘ - SAAD hia hae SRE Be rn Lua ihr 2 ee) ate ey trie C 2M i Drak * Bi, o> Nag aks Ot eh ees 4) : Z ' : - a Rees cepa! Chale PERM int Slt ons, § ae 1 aula cin dbqOe eee eee att a ia t Win Le) ld _— 7 7 . r ; chi She be Ce ae 1, Se ee a — | ire .s. aa) - af 4, ‘fo ee ee i . re a Heri Sit UIi7. Nee eae a eee Coe = on q re » : . hire rae. tere ee Od ) peel t Babin. SP aes Ost ks ee a ee : 2 + = 2 ; 7 ait > he ims 3a Wee at nfl) ELAS aa pnyek ts eMist enh gy Inte tte Qty hulk ; es ae MRA AG DAR SINS Se NU a San, Oe Meron 7 ‘es oe shes tile ip ee a a . us ee res yeas, oe ots 8 . fepelecwa ey y: Th A pe sea ion a een y ie o [ee Cie toda is nthe VEN LV E'S, RY ee TT a ee Prats ees ees Aha DN Aa Gana! ~ ines a 5 x Srey 7 B sestaits righae te oe) epee Ee feo ee Anatlaria PLA 37a. Sowerby,del.et lith Vincent Brooks, imp Be NGCHD Ee Rules RYATER AS Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA LINEOLATA. Ane. testd ovata, édenuiculd, pallidé aurantio-carned, ad spiram albifasciata, deinde longitudinaliter lineolatd, anfractibus subinflatis, colu- mella constricto-contorta. FINELY - LINEATED ANCILLARIA. Shell ovate, rather thin, pale-orange flesh-colour, banded at the spire with white, then longitudinally, finely lineated, whorls rather inflated, columella constrictedly twisted. Apams, Sow. Thes. Conch. Ane. p. 60. pl. 212. f. 22, 23. Hab. Red Sea. THE A delicately-tinted, shining species, of rather inflated growth, pencilled with very fine, opake white lines. Species 36. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA MONILIFERA. Ane. lestd acuminato-fusi- Sormi, nitente albd, aurantio-fusco exilissime reticu- latd, suturis et basi maculis aurantio-fuscis nitide lae- niatis, spird elatd ; aperturd parca, columella calloso- coutorla. NECKLACE ANCILLARIA. Shell acuminately fusi- form, shining white, very delicately reticulated with orange-brown, sutures and base neatly filleted with THE orange-brown spots, spire raised; aperture small, columella callously twisted. Hab. Swan River. An acuminated shell of shining, pearly whiteness, mi- nutely delicately reticulated with orange-brown, the su- tures and base being conspicuously encircled with a neat, regularly-formed necklace of spots of the same colour. Species 37. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) ANCILLARIA BULLIOIDES. Aue. testd acuminata, versus basin inflata, pallide spadiced, callositate lata, opuco- | alba; apertura subabbreviatd, ad basin truncata, colu- melld excavato-arcuatd, parum contortd. THe BuLuta-Like ANcILLARIA. Shell acuminated, in- flated towards the base, delicate fawn-colour, cal- losity broad, opake white; aperture rather short, truncated at the base, columella excavately arched, but little twisted. P) Hab. A delicately-tinted species, partaking in a remarkable degree of the generic character of Budlia. Species 38. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Tayfor.) ANCILLARIA SINENSIS. Anc. testd angusle acuininatd, pellucido-albd, callositate opaco-albd, spird aciculari, constricle liratd et sulcatd, columella arcnato-con- torta. Tue Cuinese ANcrLLaRrta. Shell narrowly acuminated, transparent-white, eallosity opake-white, spire aci- cular, constrictedly ridged and grooved, columella arcuately twisted. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Ane. p. 65. pl. 213. f. 50, Hab. China. agile This species has very much the appearance of a small Mitra, especially about the spire, which is constrictedly ridged and grooved throughout. Species 39. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA DIMIDIaTa. Aue. testd cylindraceo-oblongid, tenuiculd, pellucido-albd, callositate opaco-albd, latissi- ma, spird parva, conicd ; apertura angustd, columella constricto-contortd. THE DIVIDED ANCILLARIA. rather thin, transparent-white, callosity opake- white, Shell cylindrically oblong, very broad, spire small, conical; aperture narrow, columella constrictedly twisted. Sowrrsy, Thes. Conch. Anc. pl. 62. pl. Hab. ? 213. Of a peculiar, narrowly oblong form, with an unusual breadth of callous enamel. This species represents quite a distinct type of the genus. Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA OVALIS. due. testd ovatd, crassd, nitente albd, spurd conted, anfractibus tumido-convevis ; aper- turd parviusculd, columella constricto-contortd. THE OVAL ANCILLARIA. Shell ovate, thick, shining white, spire comical, whorls twnidly convex ; aperture rather small, columella constrictedly twisted. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Anc. p. 60. pl. 214. f. 82, 83. Hfab. Red Sea. A solid, shining white species of simple character. November, 1864. 45a rN } Js Sowerby,del.et lith Ancillaria Pl AT. 41. 9 4 Vincent Brooks, Imp ANCILLARIA. Prate XI. Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) Ancintarta Novm-Zeranpie. Ane. testd subanguste acuminatd, nitente albd, ad suturas opaco-callosé ; apertura angustd, columella parum contortda. Tae New-Zeatranp Awnciutarra. Shell rather nar- rowly acuminated, shining white, opakely callous at the sutures; aperture narrow, columella but. little twisted. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Anc. p. 65. pl. 213. f. 48, 49. Hab, ——? This little shell, like 4. Sinensis, has very much the appearance of a small J/i¢ra, but the spire is not constrict- edly ridged, as in that species. Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCILEARIA EBURNEA. Ane. testd ovata, lutescente-albd, nitente, spird acute conicd, anfractibus superné declivi- tumidis, columelld constricto-contorta. THE Ivory ANCILLARIA. Shell ovate, yellowish-white, shining, spire sharply conical, whorls slopingly tu- mid round the upper part, columella constrictedly twisted. Desuayes, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Ane. p. 61. pl. 214. f. 84, 85. Hab, ? The whorls of this little glossy species are peculiarly swollen round the upper part. Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA ORYZA. cido-albd, fuscescente pallidissimé bifasciatd, spira subexsertd, anfractibus inferne subinflatis, columella constricto-contortd. THe Rice ANCILLARTA. transparent white, very faintly two - banded with brown, spire rather exserted, whorls somewhat in- flated towards the lower part, columella constrictedly twisted. ? Ane. testd subanguste ovatd, pellu- Shell rather narrowly ovate, Hab. A narrowly convoluted shell, rather inflated towards the base. Species 44. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) ANCILLARIA FASCIATA. bidd, rufescente-fusco inferné et ud suturas nitide Sas- ciatd, spird pared, conicd, columellé excavato-arcuata, Ane. testd ovatd, subinflata, al- deinde contortd. THE BANDED ANCILLARTA. Shell ovate, rather inflated, whitish, neatly banded round the lower part and at the sutures with reddish-brown, spire small, conical, columella exeavately arched, then twisted. By Hab. A very distinct form, encircled round the lower part and at the sutures with a characteristic coloured band. Species 45. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA ANGUSTATA. Anc. testd anguste cylindraced, pellucido-spadiced, callositate supra et infra nitente aurantio-fuscd, albo marginatd, spirdé crasse obtuse callosd, columella excavato-arcuatd, vix contortd. THe NARRowED ANcILEARTA. Shell narrowly cylin- drical, transparent fawn-colour, callosity above and below shining orange-brown, edged with white, spire thickly obtusely callous, columella excavately arched, scarcely twisted. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Ane, p. 63. pl. 211. f. 13. Hab, China. Distinguished by its narrow cylindrical form, and cu- riously obtuse, callous spire. Figure 46. (Mus. Cuming.) This little shell, the type of Mr. Sowerby’s 4. eylin- drica, proves on examination to be a small A. ampla, the variety with red-stained spire. Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA EXIGUA. tescente-albd, valde callosié, nitente, spird conicd ; Anc. lesté cylindraceo-ovaté, lu- aperturd parvd, ad basin truncata, ad anfractum cal- loso liratd, columella brevi, subrectd. November, 1864. ANCILLARIA.—Puate XI. The wirrLe ANncinLaria. Shell cylindrically ovate, yellowish-white, very callous, shining, spire conical, aperture small, truncated at the base, caliously ridged on the body-whorl, columella short, nearly straight. SoweErBy, Thes. Conch. Ane. p. 61. pl. 214. f. 80, $1. Hab. A very callous little shell, having a ridge upon the body-whorl within the aperture. 2) Species 51. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLABRIA TRICOLOR, Ane. testa ovald, nitente-spadi- ced, callositate supra et infra aurantio-fuscd, albo marginald, spird subelevato-conica, anfractibus ad basin bisulcatis, columella arcuato-contortda. THE THREE-COLOURED ANCILLARIA. Shell ovate, shin- ing fawn-colour, eallosity above and below orange- brown, edged with white, spire rather elevately co- nical, whorls double-grooved at the base, columella arcuately twisted. Gray, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Ane. p. 63. pl. 211. f. 9, 10. Hab. ——? The callous spire of this species is very prettily banded, and the band is also conspicuous at the base. 50a. Fg ‘ ‘thea een“ al Sowerby, delet lith Vincent Brooks, Imp AGN. Cee Aah ana. PLATE Species +9. (Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA BALTEATA. Aue. tesld subfusiformi-oblonga, nitente luted, crocato-tinctd, spird conicd, anfractibus superné angulato-balteatis, umbilico subangusto. THE BELTED ANCILLARIA. Shell somewhat fusiformly oblong, shining vellow, tinged with saffron, spire conical, whorls angularly belted round the upper part, umbilicus rather narrow. Swaryson, Sowb. Spec. Conch. f. 63, 64. Ancillaria nivea, Swainson. ) Hab. There is much reason to believe that this is only a form of A. glabrata, im which the upper part of the whorls is thickened into an angularly projecting belt. bably a native of the Gulf of Mexico. It is pro- Species 50. (Fig. a, 6, c, d, Mus. Cuming.) ANCILLARIA LIENARDI. Ane. testd subgloboso-turbinatd, vivide rufo-aurantid, spird breviusculd, anfractibus superne rotundato-convexis, umbilico subangusto, pro- Sundo. Lipnarp’s ANcILLARIA. Shell somewhat globosely tur- ANCILLARIA GLABRATA. binated, bright reddish-orange, spire rather short, XII. whorls rotundately convex round the upper part, um- bilicus rather narrow, deep. Bernarvi, Journ. Conch. vol. vii. p. 302. pl. 10. f. 4. Hab. Pernambuco, Brazil. This fine Brazilian species is well distinguished by its subglobose form and peculiar reddish-orange colouring. Species 51. (Fig. a, 6, Mus Cuming.) Ane. testa fusiformi-oblonga, aurantio-croced, spird subelatd, anfractibus ad suturas constrictis, deinde modicé converis, umbilico subamplo, profundo. THE POLISHED ANCILLARTIA. Shell fusiformly oblong, orange-saffron, spire rather elevated, whorls con- stricted at the sutures, then moderately convex, um- bilicus rather large, deep. Buccinum glabratum, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1203. Eburnea glabrata, Lamarck. Aneillaria glabrata, Sowerby. Hab. Gulf of Mexico. This well-kuown species is distinguished by its more fusiform growth, and constricted elevation of the spire. November, 1864. acuminata, Sowerby albifasciata, Sveainson ..... albisuleata, Sowerby ............ ampla (Voluta), Gmelin angustata, Sowerby aperta, Sowerby.......... australis, Sowerby ...... balteata, Swainson........ brunnea, Schumacher..... . Bullioides, Reeve candida, Lamarck . . castanea, Sowerby ...... cingulata, Sowerby........ cinnamomea, Lamarck .......... contusa, Reeve .... Crassa, SOE DY ne a. err soe wise cylindrica, Sowerby .. . depressa, Sowerby Deshayesii, Adams ........ dimidiata, Sowerby eburnea yy eshayesamae eeaaee es ee effusa, Swainson elongata Greyanetts ae Gullit Aan os oc ones oo ow OF fasciata, Reeve 2.05 25..4. 3% fulva, Swainson ............ RAS glabrata (Buceinum), Linneeus .. . . Lienardi, Bernardi Wie ACAGP Ke as aeeh aa ae goes lineolata, 4dains Am NRC Tr ieA Ry IA. Species. 21 20 27 45 16 mamillata, Hinds -............ marginata, Lamarck ...... marmorata, Reeve... . Mauritiana, Sowerby monilifera, Reeve Montrouzieri, Sowerby mucronata, Sowerby ORE, MON 5 ao ce boomed soos Novee-Zelandize, Sowerby .. obesa, Sowerby ...... oblonga; Sowerby! 2 yes ene. = obtusa, Swainson oryza, Reeve . . ‘ovalis, Sowerby ...... pyramidalis, Reeve.......... rubiginosa, Swainson,..........- Sarda ccucier atari seaphella, Sowerby........ similis, Sowerby Sinensis, Sowerby ...... striolata, Sowerby ........ Tankervillii, Swainson torosa, Meuschen tricolor, Gray Tronsoni, Sowerhy.... . variegata, Sowerby ventricosa, Lamarck . . Vernedei, Sowerby. . . . volutelia, Deshayes Species MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS OpaNie tT ewe vie “Yet, they say, we are almost as like as egys.”’ Shakspeare. | Oven BEE Sowerby, del.et lith, Vincent Brooks, mp. Oavauylee Veit: PeAtE Le Genus OVULUM, Bruguitre. Testa ovata vel lanceolata, spird plus minus inmersi, se- pissime occulld, extremitatibus productis, interdum elongato-canaliculatis, rostratis, dorso plerumgue po- lito, sepe transversim inciso-striato, columella inter- dum uniplicatd, nunc superne nunc inferne, apertura | subangusta, inferne sinualda. Shell ovate or lanceolate, spire more or less immersed, mostly concealed, extremities produced, sometimes elongately channelled, beaked, back generally polished. often transversely incisely striated, columella some- times one-plaited, now at the upper part, now onthe | lower, aperture rather narrow, sinuated at the lower part. Linnzeus is not to be complimented on his sagacity in having referred the typical species of this group to the The resemblance of the shell of Ovuluim to that of Cyprea is obvious enough, and there is a similar affinity between the animals of the two genera. The Ovu- Jum is in fact a Cowry, with the extremities more or less produced, in some instances to the extent of being tubu- But the Ovxla are characterized by genus Bulla. larly channelled. other not less striking peculiarities. A large proportion of the shells are of a uniform porcelain-white substance, and they are not diversified with marking like the Cowries. Where colour exists it is a uniform tint of rose, orange- red, or livid purple. cosum and O. volva were published in the ‘Mollusca of the Very interesting figures of O. verru- Voyage of the Samarang,’ from drawings made by Mr. Arthur Adams, from living specimens captured in the Sea of Mindoro. Touching the habits of the first, the author remarks, “It is a very slow-moving and sluggish mollusk, | with all the peculiarities of the Cowries, and exhibits a singularly beautiful and striking appearance under the calm, shallow water, as it glides tranquilly along the bright, sandy bottom ;” the mantle and foot being prettily spotted with black upon a white ground. The chief pe- culiarity in the animal of O. volea is that the mantle is margined with a row of nipples. The Ovula belong almost exclusively to the Eastern Hemisphere, and the species are very widely distributed. Out of fifteen species lately dredged by Mr. Arthur Adams in Japan, at a depth of from forty to fifty fathoms, only All the rest had been described | one proved to be new. from specimens previously obtained from the Philippine Islands, Singapore, Borneo, China Seas, and even New Caledonia; and there are about fifteen more from these localities that were not taken in Japan. There is a cha- racteristic European species, O. patula, inhabiting our shores, and there is a second species in the Mediterranean, O. carneum, not as yet found in British waters. ‘Two very striking species, O. dacteum and longirostratum, ave recorded from the Adriatic, one from Senegal, one from Bombay, four from the Pacific, five from New Caledonia, and three from Australia. ‘The Ocula of the Western Hemisphere are restricted to the striking O. gidbosum, which is a native of the shores of Brazil, O. wiplicatum, which is said to have been collected both at Rio Janeiro and South Carolina, and a few species of a small, livid- purple type, inhabiting the shores the of West Indies, Hon- duras, California, and Panama. Species 1. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLum LactEuM. Ov. festd ovatd, solidiusculd, alba, dorso obscure costellato, canalibus brevissimis, columella ad basin uniplicatd, labro subconspicue denticulato, apertura angustd. Tue miuky Ovuztum. Shell ovate, rather solid, white, back obscurely finely ribbed, canals very short, colu- mella one-plaited at the base, lip rather conspicuously deuticulated, aperture narrow. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 470. Calpurnus lacteus, Adams. Tab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Adams. Kino-O-Sima, Japan; Mr. Sowerby gives Pacific Ocean as the habitat of this species. Lamarck gives the island of Timor; and Mr. Cuming collected it at three or four of the Philippine Islands. Species 2. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cunning.) OvuLUM VERRUCOSUM. Ov. alld, solidissimd, dorso gibboso-angulato, ad extremila- tes profund? verrucosd, rosaced, ad latera callosa, colu- meld tumida, ad basin excavald, labro valideé denticu- testa ovatd, Cypreaformi, lato. May, 1865. OVULUM.—Piare I. THE WARTED OvuLuM. Shell ovate, Cowry-shaped, white, very thick, back gibbously angulated, deeply warted and pinkish at the extremities, callous at the sides, columella swollen, excavated at the base, lip strongly denticulated. Bulla verrucosa, Linnzus, Syst. Nat. p. 1182. Ovula verrucosa, Lamarck. Calpurnus verrucosus, De Montford. /Tab. Phitippine Islands ; Cuming. The characteristic feature of the warts in this species is similar to that in Cyprea Licallosa, scarcely sufficient to make it the type of a distinct genus. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) OvuLUM ovum. Ov. testa ovaté, alba, dorso rotundato- veutricoso, extremilatibus subcontorto-productis, colu- melld ad basin constricta, labro confertim serrato-cor- rugato, intus sanguineo-fuscd. Tug bee OvuLuM. Shell ovate, white, back rotundately ventricose, extremities somewhat twistedly produced, columella constricted at the base, lip closely serrately corrugated, blood-brown within. Bulla ovum, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1181. Ovula oviformis, Lamarck. Ovcula alba, Schumacher. | Hab. Eastern Seas; Pacific. This well-known species is found abundantly among the islands of the Eastern Archipelago. tant of the Society Islands. It is also an inhabi- Species 4+. (Tig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OVULUM TORTILE. solidissid, dorso gibboso, obtuse angulato, extremita- Ov. testa subpyriformi-ovatd, albd, tibus obtuse contortis, labro tumido-calloso, irrequlariter serrato-corrugato, columelld versus basin constrictd, intus rosaceo pallide tincta. Tite WINDING OvuLUM. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, white, very solid, back gibbous, obtusely angled, extremities obtusely twisted, lip tumidly cal- lous, irregularly serrately wrinkled, columella con- stricted towards the base, interior faintly tinged with pink. Cyprea tortilis, Martyn, Univ. Couch. pl. 60. Bulla imperialis, Dillwyn. Ovulu angulosa, Lamarck. Ovula columba, Schubert and Wagner. Hab. Friendly Islands; Martyn. This species may always be distinguished from small specimens of O. ovum, by the delicate pink colouring of its interior. Ovalurmn PUL. Sowerby, del.et lith. Vincent Broaks, Imp. OVULUM. Puate IL. Species 5. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OVULUM BREVE. cente-albd, dorso purpurascente, obscure costellato, ex- Ov. testa ovatd, subventricosd, flaves- tremitatibus rotundate emarginatis, labro modicé ser- rato, columella superné calloso-liratd, inferné excavaté uniplicatd, apertura patuld. THE SHORT OVULUM. yellowish-white, back purple, obscurely finely ribbed, extremities rotundately emarginated, lip moderately serrated, columella callously ridged at the upper part, excavated and one-plaited at the lower, aperture wide Shell ovate, somewhat ventricose, open. SOWERBY, Spes. Conch. pt. i. p. 5. f. 26, 27. Amphiperas brevis, Adams. Hab. Port Curtis, Australia. A species intermediate in character between O. lacteum and emarginatum. Species 6. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLumM PupicuM. Ov. testa ovata, rosaceo-albd, dorso levigato, extremitatibus rotundatis, vix emarginatis, labro crassé varicoso, columelld superne et inferne lirato-callos?, uniplicatd, Tue cuasre OvuLtum. Shell ovate, pinkish-white, back smooth, extremities rounded, scarcely emarginated, lip thickly varicose, columella callously ridged above and below, one-plaited. Amphiperas pudica, Adams, Pro. Zool, Soe, 1854, p. 131. tab. New Caledonia. An extremely delicate species, in which the columella is callously ridged below as well as above, the ridge being continuous with the outer lip. Species 7. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLum AprRiaticuM. Qv. testd elongato-ovatd, subpy- riformi, tenui, pellucidd, albd, dorso transversim ob- scuré costellato, longitudinaliter minute striato, ex- tremitatibus subcanaliculatis, labro opaco, tenuiserrato, columella via plicald. Tus Aprratic OvuLtum. Shell elongately ovate, some- what pear-shaped, thin, transparent, white, back transversely obscurely ribbed, longitudinally minutely striated, extremities somewhat channelled, lip opake, thinly serrated, columella scarcely plaited. Sowersy, Spes. Conch. pt. i. p. 4. f. 23, 24. Hab. Adriatic Sea. This very delicate transparent shell is distinguished by its elongately pyriform character. Species 8. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OVULUM MARGINATUM. pellucido-albd, dorso transversim obscuré costellato, Ov. testé subpyriformi-ovatd, longitudinaliter minute striato, labro opaco, crasso, irregulariter dentato-serrato, columella superne calloso- liratd, inferne excavatd et obtuse plicatda. THE MARGINED OvuLum. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, transparent white, back transversely obscurely finely ribbed, longitudinally minutely striated, lip opake, thick, uregularly dentately serrated, colu- mella callously ridged at the upper part, excavated and obtusely plicated at the lower. Sowerby, Spes. Conch. pt. i. p. 5. f. 15, 16. Hab. 2 The excavation at the base of the columella gives more than usual width to the aperture of this species. Species 9. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) OvULUM PYRIFORME. Ov. lestd pyriformi-ovatd, solidi- usculd, rosaceo-albd, dorso levigato, extremitatibus canaliculato-rostratis, labro crasso, columella superneé calloso-liratd, inferné subobscure plicatd. THE PEAR-SHAPED OvuLumM. Shell pyriformly ovate, rather solid, pinkish-white, baek smooth, extremities canaliculately beaked, lip thick, columella callously ridged at the wpper part, rather obscurely plicated at the lower. SoweErsy, Spes. Conch. pt. i. p. 5. f. 21, 22, 25. Amphiperas pyriformis, Adams. Hab. New South Wales; Sowerby. Satanomosaki, Japan (at the depth of fifty-five fathoms) ; Adams. The distinguishing peculiarity of this species consists in its extremities being canaliculately beaked. The shell is therefore more than usually constricted at the base, and more pear-shaped. March, 1862. Coch ke ot pal po Cg Th. Pointe ‘a 2 all Lis oie oS (jail? - Wee vat, pion 1.c@ tue ureena i : os oe z a — penn slay I ie: i Lad, aw co wri? ast ao - da iT UE ane Sowerby, del et lith. Ovulurn £0. LM. Vincent Brooks, Imp, OV UTM. Puate III. Species 10. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLUM MARGARITA. Ov, testd subventricoso-pyriformi, albd, extremitatibus subrostratis, columellé labroque tumidis, modice sculptis. Tue pEaRL OvuLum. Shell somewhat ventricosely py- riform, white, extremities somewhat beaked, columella and lip swollen, moderately sculptured. Sowerby, Spes. Conch. pt. i. f. 19, 20. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Chiefly distinguished by a ventricose pear-shape, not much unlike Cypreu margarita in general aspect. Species 11. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) OvULUM BIMACULATUM. tremitatibus constrictis et rostratis, dorso transversim Ov. testa ovatd, livido-albd, ex- striato-inciso, labro crasse varicoso, columella superne calloso-lirato, inferné late excavata, vix plicatd, extre- mitatibus intus rufo tinctis. THE Two-sporTtep OvuLuM. Shell ovate, livid-white, extremities constricted and beaked, back transversely striately engraved, lip thickly varicose, columella cal- lously ridged at the upper part, broadly excavated at the lower, scarcely plaited, extremities stained with red in the interior. Amphiperas bimaculata, Adams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 3: Hab. New Caledonia. An elegant, constrictedly beaked shell, characterized by the presence of a red-brown blotch within each of the extremities, Species 12. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) OVULUM NUBECULATUM. Ov, lestd pyriformi-ovatd, sub- ventricosd, rosaceo-carneo fasciato-nubeculatd, dorso obscure costellato et striato, labro parum incrassato, columellé superne et inferné calloso-liratd, tenuipli- catd, apertura patuld. Tum cLoupED OvuLum. Shell pyriformly ovate, some- what ventricose, bandedly clouded with pinkish flesh- colour, back obscurely finely ribbed and striated, lip but little thickened, columella callously ridged above | and below, thinly plaited, aperture wide open. Apams and Renve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 23. pl. 6. f. 12 a, 8, ec. Hab. Island of Basilan, Eastern Seas. A delicately-coloured shell, of very symmetrical, ventri- cosely pyriform growth. Species 13. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) OVULUM SEMISTRIATUM. alba, ad extremitates rostrata, dorso medio levigato, Ov. testd subanguste ovata, superne et inferné transversim striato-inciso, labro crassée varicoso, columellé calloso-liratd, inferne via plicatd. THE HALF-STRIATED OvuLuM. Shell rather narrowly ovate, white, beaked at the extremities, back smooth in the middle, transversely striately engraved above and below, lip thickly varicose, columella callously ribbed at the upper part, scarcely plaited at the lower. Pease, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 241. Hab. Sandwich Islands; Pease. There are several species of Ovulwm in which the back is transversely striately engraved above and below, while the middle is smooth, but the character is rather promi- nent in this species. Species 14. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) | OvuLuUM uMBILIcatuM. Ov. testd globoso-pyriformi, tenni, ventricosd, albd, labro parum incrassato, columella superne et inferne calloso-liratd, tenuiplicatd, aper- turd patuld. THE UMBILICATED OvuLuM. thin, ventricose, white, lip but little thickened, colu- mella callously ridged above and below, thinly plaited, Shell globosely pyriform, aperture wide open. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 135; Thes. Conch. pl. LOW fs 885589: Amphiperas umbilicata, Adams. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. Gotto Islands, Japan (at the depth of seventy-one fathoms); Adams. Remarkable for its short globosely-inflated pearl-like form. March, 1865. ‘ =a) 7 16.a 18a Sowerhy,del.etlith. Wa. 156 Ovulum PLIV. 78.6. Vincent Brooks, Imp. OLAV AU) Hiss 10) tui PLATE) IV. Species 15. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OVULUM TRITICEUM. rascente-carned, dorso medio gibbosiusculo, eatremita- tibus rostratis, subproductis, labro varicoso, flavescente, columelld superné calloso-liratd, inferné subcontortd, Ov. testa suboblongo-ovatd, purpu- plicd obsoleta. THE WHEAT OvuLum. Shell rather oblong-ovate, purple flesh-colour, back rather gibbous in the middle, extre- mities beaked and rather produced, lip varicose, yel- lowish, columella callously ridged at the upper part, slightly twisted at the lower, plait obsolete. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 470. Bulla lepida, Dillwyn. 2 Hab. Lamarck gives “ cdtes d’ Afrique” as the habitat of this species, but I have not been able to verify it. Species 16. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) OvULUM FRUTICUM. saceo-carnco latifasciatd, levigatd, labro crasso, vari- Ov. testi subpyriformi-ovatd, ro- coso, extremitatibus rotundato-emarginatis, columella superne et inferne calloso-liratd, valde uniplicata. THE corn OvuLum. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, broadly banded with pinkish flesh-colour, smooth, lip thick, varicose, extremities rotundately emarginated, columella callously ridged above and below, strongly one-plaited. Apams, MS. in Mus. Taylor. Hab. Malacca. A delicately-coloured shell of rather solid growth, neatly symmetrical in form. Species 17. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OvULUM CARNEUM. rufescente-carned, dorso medio lavigato, supra et infra Ov. testa anguste ovata, solidiusculd, transversim inciso-striato, extremitatibus attenuato- canaliculatis, labro opaco-incrassato, columella superne calloso-lirata, inferné plano-excavald, plicd fere obso- leta. Tub PLESH-coLOURED OvuLuM. Shell narrowly ovate, rather solid, reddish flesh-colour, back smooth in the iniddle, transversely groove-striated above and be- low, extremities attenuately channelled, lip opakely thickened, columella callously ribbed at the upper part, flatly excavated at the lower, plait almost obso- lete. Bulla carnea, Poiret, Voy. en Barbarie, vol. ii. p. 21. Ovula carnea, Lamarck. Calpurnus carneus, Adams. Hab. Mediterranean. Kino-O-Sima, Japan; Adams. The extremities of this very characteristic species are sometimes stained in the interior with bright reddish- orange. Species 18. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OVULUM RHODIA. extremitate superiort canaliculato-productd, inferiori Ov. testd elongato-ovatd, rufescente, late truncato-emarginatd, columella superné calloso- liratd, inferne plano-excavatd, plicd fere obsoleta. THE RUDDY OVULUM. upper extremity canaliculately produced, the lower broadly truncately emarginated, columella callously ridged at the upper part, slightly excavated at the lower, plait almost obsolete. Amphiperas rhodia, Adams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 130. "pl. 28. £. 8, Hab. Japan; Adams. Shell elongately ovate, reddish, A prettily-coloured species, closely allied to the Medi- terranean O, carneum. Species 19. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OVULUM PYRULINUM. tremitates constrictd et yrostratd, livido-albd, dorso Ov. testé ovato-pyriformi, ad ex- medio gibbosiusculo, extremitatibus canaliculato-emar- ginatis, columellé superné calloso-liratd, inferné atte- nuatd, modice plicatd. THE LITTLE PEAR-LIKE OVULUM. form, constricted and beaked at the extremities, livid- white, back rather gibbous in the middle, extremities eanaliculately emarginated, columella callously ridged Shell ovately pyri- at the upper part, attenuated at the lower, mode- rately plicated. Amphiperas pyrulina, Adams, Pro, Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 131. Hab, New Caledonia. An elegantly formed shell, of rather solid growth, beaked and canaliculately emarginated at the extremities. March, 1865. am o. eae Chane aha. Sowerby, del.et Lith. 20.0. Ovalum VfL. V. Vincent Brooks,Imp OVULUM. Puate V. Species 20. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Taylor.) OvuLUM BULLA. Ov. testd ovatd, rotundato-inflata, sor- didé alba, ad basin constrictd, labro incrassato, copiosé denticulato, eatremitatibus arcuato-productis, columella superne calloso-liratd, plici abbreviato-contorta. THE BUBBLE OvuLUM. Shell ovate, rotundately inflated, dull-white, constricted at the base, lip thickened, co- piously denticulated, extremities arcuately produced, columella callously ridged at the upper part, plait shortly twisted. Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 21. pl. 6. PDs aye Os Amphiperas bulla, Adams. Hab. China Seas; Belcher. Satanomosaki, Japan (at the depth of fifty-five fathoms) ; Adams. Chiefly distinguished by its rotundately inflated growth and curved aperture. Species 21. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OVULUM CONCINNUM. Ov. testd angulato-pyriformi, soli- diusculd, dorso conspicué gibboso, ad basin constricto, labro incrassato, eximié denticulato, columelld superne calloso-liratd, plied fere obsoleta. Tue NEAT OvoLum. Shell angularly pear-shaped, rather solid, back conspicuously gibbous, constricted at the base, lip thickened, faintly denticulated, columella eallously ridged at the upper part, plait nearly obso- lete. Apams and Resve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 22. pl. 6. Ni ust eb Oy 0 Calpurnus coceineus, Adams. Hab. Isle of Capul, Philippines. Mino-Sima, Japan (at the depth of sixty-three fathoms) ; Adams. A rather solid shell, very prominently angularly gibbous on the back. Species 22. (Fig. a, d, Mus. Cuming.) OVULUM PUNCTATUM. ld, ulbd, aurantio-fusco subdistanter grandimaculatd, Ov. testa pyriformi, solidiuscu- dorso copiosé inciso-striato, extremitatibus subproduc- tis, columellaé superné calloso-liratd, plicd fere obso- leta. THE DorrED OvuLuM. Shell pear-shaped, rather solid, white, somewhat distantly large-spotted with orange- brown, back copiously incisely striated, extremities rather produced, columella callously ridged at the upper part, plait nearly obsolete. Ductos, Guerin, Mag. de Zool. 1828. Amphiperas punctata, Adams. fab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. China Seas ; Belcher. Gotto Islands, Japan (at the depth of seventy-one fathoms) ; Adams. This species is distinguished from all others by its cha- racteristic orange-brown spots. Species 23. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OVULUM ALABASTER. lucido-albd, dorso transversim inciso-striato, exlremi- Ov. testa subpyriformi-ovata, pel- tatibus subproductis, apertura curvatd, columella su- perne calloso-lirald, inferné excavatd, vie plicatd. THE ALABASTER OVULUM. ovate, transparent white, back transversely incisely Shell somewhat pyriformly striated, extremities rather produced, aperture curved, columella callously ribbed at the upper part, exca- vated at the lower, scarcely plaited. Hab. Senegal. A colourless semitransparent species, approaching the preceding in general form. Species 24. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLum ADAMSII. medio elevatiusculo, transversim inciso-striato, exlremi- Ov. testé ovatd, inflata, albd, dorso tatibus subobtusis, labro modicé incrassato, apertura curvatd latiusculd, columella via plicata. ADAMS’s OVULUM. rather elevated in the middle, transversely incisely Shell ovate, inflated, white, back striated, extremities rather obtuse, lip moderately thickened, aperture curved, rather broad, columella scarcely plicated. Amphiperas marginata, Adams (not of Sowerby), Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 130. flab. New Caledonia; Cuming. A delicate rather inflated bubble-shaped shell, elabo- rately sculptured with engraved striz. March, 1865. Ovulum Pl. YT. 26.0. 25.6, Sowerby, del. et lith Vincent Brooks, Imp OVULUM. Puate VI. OvuLuM FRUMENTUM. Ov. testa angusté pyriformi, ro- saceo-albd, extremitatibus attenuate productis, dorso undique transversim inciso-striato, aperturd angusta, columella haud plicati. Tue Rye Ovutum. Shell narrowly pear-shaped, pivkish- white, extremities attenuately produced, back trans- versely incisely striated throughout, aperture narrow, columella not plaited. SoweERBY, Spes. Conch. pt. i. p. 7. f. 37. Hab. ? A very characteristic species, neatly sculptured through- out, with the extremities rather more than usual produced. Species 26. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) OvuLuM BULLATUM. Ov, testé oblongo-pyriformi, albidd, aurantio-fuscescente pallide tinctd, dorso undique trans- versim inciso-striato, superne gibboso, inferne attenuato, labro varicoso-reflexo, ad extremitates peculiariter sub- quadrato-producto, columella superne callosd, inferne excavatd, viv plicatda. THE BUBBLE-SHAPED OvuLuM. Shell oblong-pyriform, whitish, faintly tinged with reddish-brown, back trans- versely incisely striated throughout, gibbous at the upper part, attenuated at the lower, lip varicosely re- flected, peculiarly somewhat squarely produced at the extremities, columella callous at the upper part, exca- vated at the lower, scarcely plaited. Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 23. pl. 6. felidias (0: Calpurnus bullatus, Adams. Hab, Caramata Passage, near Singapore; Belcher. Gotto Islands, Japan (at the depth of seventy-one fathoms) ; Adams. A very striking and well-defined species, in which the lip is peculiarly squared and produced at the extremities. Species 27. (Fig. a, 46, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLuMm porsuosum. Ov. lestd anguste pyriformi, albidd, dorso superné gibboso, inferne attenuato, extremitatibus modicé canaliculato-productis, columella haud plicata. Tue BackEeD OvuLum. Shell narrowly pear-shaped, white, back gibbous at the upper part, attenuated at the lower, extremities moderately canaliculately pro- duced, columella not plaited. Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 47. pl. 16. f. 3, 4. Calpurnus dorsuosus, Adams. Hab. Straits of Malacca (in mud, at the depth of nine fathoms); Belcher. Gotto Islands, Japan (at the depth of forty-eight fathoms) ; Adams. Of a somewhat slenderly angled form, with the extre- nities produced into a short channel. Species 28. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) OVULUM STRIATULUM. saceo-albd, dorso undique transversim inciso-striato, Ov. testd anguste pyriformi, ro- inferne constricto-atltenuato, labro varicose, planato, ex- tremitatibus subcanaliculato-productis, columella exca- vald, vix plicatd. THE PINELY-STRIATED OVULUM. shaped, pinkish-white, back transversely incisely stri- Shell narrowly pear- ated throughout, constrictedly attenuated at the lower, lip varicose, flattened, extremities somewhat canaliculately produced, columella excavated, scarcely plaited. Sowersy, Spes. Conch. pt. i. p. 7. p. 38. Calpurnus striatulus, Adams. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. Loochoo Islands ; Belcher. Tsusaki, Japan (at the depth of fifty-five fathoms) ; Adams. Greatly resembling the preceding species in general form, but the back, instead of being smooth, is incisely striated throughout, while the extremities are not so obviously channelled. Species 29. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OVULUM SCITULUM. lucido-alba, dorso levigato, labro varicoso, planato, ad Ov. testa subpyriformi-oblongd, pel- extremitates quadrato, columelld superné callosd, haud plicatd. Tue prerry OvuLuM. long, transparent white, back smooth, lip varicose, Shell somewhat pyriformly-ob- flattened, squared at the extremities, columella callous at the upper part, not plaited. Amphiperas scitula, Adams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 131. Radius scitulus, Adams (Pro. Linn. Soc. 1863). Hab. New Caledonia. Tsu-Sima, Japan (at the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Adams. The squaring of the lip towards the extremities imparts a more than usually excavated character to the aperture. March, 1565. : Le 7 ; ol Vintage es a cn Ww ne Sa ize ey re een co al i vt rans Wate sss “Te Oy a0" 7 lly iy? wit! =(% Ovulum PL. VIL. G2.a 33.a. 33.b, 32.b. Sowerby, delet lith. Vincent Bracks, Imp. OVOULE UM. PLATE Species 30. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) | 2 zs : eal OvuLum patutum. Ov. testd ovata, utringue subalatd, tenui, pellucido-albd, extremitatibus canaliculato-ros- tratis, labro tenui, apertura patuld, columella utrinque contorto-producta, haud plicata. Tub opEN Ovutum. Shell ovate, slightly winged at each end, thin, transparent white, extremities canali- culately beaked, lip thin, aperture wide open, colu- mella slightly twistedly produced, not plaited. Bulla patula, Pennant, Brit. Zool. 4th edit. vol. iv. p. 117. pl. 70. f. 85 a. Volva patula, Fleming. Ovulum patulum, Sowerby. Hab. Mediterranean. Southern and western shores of England and Ireland. A very distinct form of the genus, in which the lip seems scarcely to have arrived at maturity. Species 31. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLuM oprusuM. Ov. testd elongato-ovatd, flavescente- alba, dorso modicée gibboso, extremitatibus calloso-atte- nuatis, apertura angustd, columelld haud plicatd. THE optuse OvuLuM. Shell elougately ovate, yellowish- white, back moderately gibbous, extremities callously attenuated, aperture narrow, columella not plaited. Sowensy, Spes. Conch. pt. 1. p. 1. f. 34. Radius obtusus, Adams. Hab. China Sea; Belcher. Mino-Sima, Japan (at the depth of sixty-three fathoms) ; Adams. Rather more narrowly compressed than its nearest allied species, O. emarginatum, with the characters more obscurely developed. Species 32. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLuM GipBosuM. Ov, testa oblonga, crassiusculd, pal- lidé stramined, ad latera spadiceo tincta, dorso con- spicue gibboso-costato, eaxtremitatibus obtusis, labro calloso-incrassato, columella haud plicata. Tur Gipsous Ovutum. Shell oblong, rather thick, pale straw-colour, stained at the sides with light fawn, | Hab. Brazil; Lamarck. NAME. back conspicuously gibbously ribbed, extremities ob- tuse, lip callously thickened, columella not plaited. Bulla gibbosa, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. p. 1183. Ovula gibbosa, Lamarck. Panama; Cuming. This well-known species is of a solid porcelain sub- stance. Species 33. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OVULUM INTERMEDIUM. Ov. tesld elonyato-ovatd, soli- diusculd, rufescente-flavd, dorso medio yibboso-lirato, extremitatibus canaliculato-attenuatis, labro incrassato, columelld superné contorto-callosd, haud plicata. THE INTERMEDIATE OvuLuM. Shell elongately ovate, rather solid, reddish-yellow, back moderately gib- bously ridged, extremities canaliculately attenuated, lip thickened, columella twistedly callous at the upper part, not plaited. Sowersy, Spes. Conch. pt. i. p. 9. f. 32, 33. Hab. Brazil. This species, as its name indicates, is intermediate in character between O. odtusum and O. birostre. Species 34. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OvULUM EMARGINATUM. Ov. testa oblonga, crassiusculd, Jlavescente-albd, interdum aurantio et pupurascente tinctd, dorso medio conspicué gibboso-costato, extremi- tatibus abbreviato-emarginatis, callosis, labro calloso incrassato, columella superne contorlo-callosd, haud plicata. THE EMARGINATED OvuLuM. Shell oblong, rather thick, yellowish-white, sometimes tinged with orange and purple, back conspicuously gibbously ribbed, extre- mities shortly emarginated, callous, lip callously thickened, columella twistedly callous at the upper part, not plaited. Sowerby, Spes. Conch. pt. i. p. 7. f. 54, 55. Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia; Cuming. The peculiarity of this species, as distinguished from 0. gibbosum, consists chiefly in the thickened callosities of the shell being everywhere so prominently developed. March, 1865. Ovulum PU. VHT. 36.b. 37.0. 38.6. 39.0. Sowerby, del et lith. Vincent Brooks,Imp. OVULUM. Pruate VIII. Species 35. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) OvULUM ACUMINATUM. Jlavescente-albd, extremitatibus subattenuato-productis, labro incrassato, columella gracili, superné contorto- liraté, hand plicata. ACUMINATED OvuLumM. Shell somewhat lanceo- lately ovate, yellowish-white, extremities somewhat attenuately produced, lip thickened, columella slender, twistedly ridged at the upper part, not plaited. ApaMs and Regvr, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 21. pl. 6. elas Radius acuminatus, Adams. Hab. Isle of Bilaton, Eastern Seas; Belcher. Kino-O- Sima, Japan (at the depth of thirty-five fathoms) ; Adams. THE This has somewhat the appearance of a minute slender form of O. intermedium, but it is quite a distinct species. Species 36. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) OVULUM DENTATUM. Ov. Jlavescente-albd, spadiceo obscure inquinatd, dorso un- testa lanceolato-pyriformi, dique transversim inciso-striato, eatremitatibus canali- culato-productis, labro varicoso-incrassato, dentato- serrato, columelld superne dentato-cullosd, inferneé minute plicata. THe TOOTHED OvuLuM. Shell lanceolately pear-shaped, yellowish-white, obscurely smeared with fawn-colour, back transversely incisely striated throughout, extre- mities canaliculately produced, lip varicosely thick- ened, dentately serrated, columella dentately callous at the upper part, minutely plicated at the lower. Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 21. pl. 6. f. 4 a, 6. Calpurnus dentatus, Adams. Hab, Caramata Passage, near Singapore; Belcher. Gotto Islands, Japan (at the depth of forty-eight fathoms) ; Adams. A very interesting species, of which the characters above detailed are very neatly and prominently developed. The two habitats here quoted show a tolerably wide distri- bution. Ov. testé sublanceolato-ovatd, | Species 37. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) OvuULUM HORDACEUM. purascente-flavd, vivide aurantio marginatd, dorso su- Ov. testa elongato-oblongd, pur- perne transversim inciso-striato, labro planato, profuse dentato-serrato, pone fimbriato, gibboso-angulato, extremitatibus conspicue canaliculato-productis, colu- mellé superne dentato-serratd, haud plicatd. THE BARLEY OvuLuM. Shell elongately oblong, pur- plish-yellow, edged with bright orange, back gib- bously angled at the upper part, transversely incisely striated, lip flattened, profusely dentately serrated, fimbriated behind, extremities conspicuously canalicu- lately produced, columella dentately serrated at the upper part, not plaited. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 471. Hab. ——? Another species typically allied to the preceding, in which the details both of colour and sculpture are conspi- cuous. Species 38. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Ovunum Tratuut. Ov. testd lanceolato-ovatd, albidd, rosacco-fuscescente tinctd, dorso medio gibboso, lavi- gato, extremitatibus subcanaliculatis, apertura angustd, columella calloso-levigatd. TraiLy’s Ovutum. Shell lanceolately ovate, whitish, tinged with pinkish-brown, back gibbous in the middle, smooth, extremities rather channelled, aper- ture narrow, columella callously smooth. Amphiperas Traillii, Adams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. Hab. Malacea; Dr. Traill. A very characteristic species, although the details of sculpture are somewhat obscurely developed. In form it is peculiarly slender and delicate. Species 39, (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLumM ForMostM. Ov. testd lanceolato-ovatd, purpu- rascente-aurantid, dorso undique transversim tnciso- striato, medio gibbosiusculo, extremitatibus canaliculato- productis, labro varicoso, conspicue dentato-serrato, March, 1865. OVULUM.—Puare VIII. columella superne callosd, inferné attenuata, haud pli- Adams and REEVE, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 22. pl. 6. eatd. f. 6 a, b. Tue BEAUTIFUL OvuLUM. Shell lanceolately ovate, | Calpurnus formosus, Adams. purplish-orange, back transversely incisely striated | Hab. Bast coast of Borneo; Belcher. Kino-O-Sima, canaliculately produced, lip varicose, conspicuously Conspicuously distinguished by its very neatly defined throughout, rather gibbous in the middle, extremities | Japan; Adams. | | sculpture and bright colour. dentately serrated, columella callous at the upper part, attenuated at the lower, not plaited. Ovualum PL. 4a. Sowerby, del.et lith. Vincent Brooks, Imp. ON UE EU; Me Puate IX. Species 40. (Fig. a, c, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 4, Mus. Species 41. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) aylor. zs A ; Taylor.) | OvuLuM voLtva. Ov. testé oblongo-ovatd, ventricoso- OVULUM LONGIROSTRATUM. Ov. testd elongato-angustd, inflata, rosaceo-carned, extremitatibus elongato-acumi- Sulvescente-albd, extremitatibus acuminato-rostratis, natis, rostratis, modicé recurvis, dorso transversin recurvis, dorso levigato, medio modice gibboso-ungulato, lirato-striato, et inciso, labro crassé reflexo, inferne labro calloso-reflexo, inferne subsinuato, columella la- subsinuato, columella levigatd. vigata. | Tue suurrLe Ovutum. Shell oblong-ovate, ventricosely THE LONG-BEAKED OvuLuM. Shell elongately narrow, inflated, pinkish flesh-colour, extremities elongately acuminated, beaked, moderately recurved, back trans- versely rib-striated and incised, lip thickly reflected, fulvous-white, extremities acuminately beaked, re- curved, back smooth, moderately gibbously angled in the middle, lip callously reflected, slightly sinuated at | slightly sinuated at the lower part, columella smooth. the lower part, columella sinooth. Bulla volva, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1182. SoweErsy, Spes. Conch. pt. 1. f. 46. t. 48. Ovula volva, Lamarck. Hab. Adriatic Sea. | Hab. China and the Philippine Islands. A very striking and remarkable species, if the locality Specimens of this well-known species vary considerably hitherto quoted as its habitat be really correct. | in being more or less smooth or ridge-striated. June, 1865. Ovulum PLX. 4A Wee Sowerby, del.et lith Vincent Brooks, imp. Oy UU IM: PHATE 3X. Species 42. (Fig. a, Mus. Taylor; Fig. 4, Mus. Cuming.) OvULUM spPELTA. Ov. testa oblongo-ovatd, subventricosa, carneo-rosaced, interdum fasciata, tenui, subpellucidd, ertremitatibus attenuato-rostratis, labro incrassato, inferné late sinuato et truncato, columella obscure con- torto-plicata, Tur sreLtr Ovutum. Shell oblong-ovate, somewhat ventricose, flesh-rose, sometimes banded, thin, some- what transparent, extremities attenuately beaked, lip thickened, broadly sinuated and truncated at the lower part, columella obscurely twistedly plaited. Bulla spelta, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. p. 1182. Ovula spelta, Lamarck. Hab. Pacitic Ocean. The shortest and most ventricose of the beaked species collected in this Plate. Species 43. (Fig g. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLUM ANGASI. pressd, eburned, nitente, extremitatibus retusis, labro et columella crassé callosis, inferné modicé sinuatis, apertura perangusta. ANGAS’s OVULUM. pressed, ivory-white, shining, extremities blunt, lip Shell lanceolately ovate, rather com- and columella thickly callous, moderately sinuated at the lower part, aperture very narrow. Apams, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Port Curtis, Australia. The aperture of this delicate species is much contracted | by the callous thickening of the lip and columella. Species 44. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming; Fig. 4, Mus. Taylor.) OVULUM ROSEUM. tente, aurantio-rosed, intus vivide coloratd, extremita- Ov. testa elongato-ovatd, laevigata, ni- tibus rectis, attenuato-rostratis, labro incrassato, in- Jferne sinuato, THE rose OvuLum. Shell elongately ovate, smooth, shining, orange-rose, brightly coloured within, extre- Ov. testa lanceolato-ovatd, subcom- | mities straight, attenuately beaked, lip thickened, sinuated towards the lower part. Avams, MS. in Mus. Taylor. | Hab. China Seas; Belcher. Remarkable for its bright orange-rose colour, but scarcely distinguishable in form from O. dirostre. Species 45. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OvULUM BIROSTRE. Ov. testa clongato-ovatd, rufescente- carned, interdum fasciatd, levigald, nitente, extremi- tatibus attenuato-rostratis, labro incrassato, inferne sinuato. THE TWO-BEAKED OvuLuM. Shell elongately ovate, reddish flesh-colour, sometimes banded, smooth, shining, extremities attenuately beaked, lip thickened, sinuated at the lower part. Bulla birostris, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. p. 1182. Ovula birostris, Lamarck. Radius brevirostris, Schumacher. Hab. Japan. Eastern Seas. ’ The lip is sometimes rudely denticulated within, but this can hardly be relied upon as a character. Species 46. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OyuLuM PHILIPPINARUM. Ov. livido-carned, tenut, extremitatibus attenuatis, retusis, testd elongato-ovatd, labro modice incrassato, inferné late sinuato, aperturd superne anguste coarctatd. Tub PuiLiepIne OvuLuM. Shell elongately ovate, livid flesh-colour, thin, extremities attenuated, blunted, lip moderately thickened, broadly sinuated at the lower part, aperture narrowly contracted towards the upper part. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 136. Hab. Isle of Capul, Philippines ; Cuming. A delicately-formed species, more than usually atte- nuated towards the upper part, while the extremities are blunted, not acuminately beaked, as in the preceding spe- cles. June, 1865. aon 70h 5 aye: Ths ee aS fa an vy: PEA iM A 8 a8, Mani Ay its oansiy,, f Ahm Les PIG. y i ee side bloke | yl peaks FA TH : ‘( ¢ add audi Ahan 3 iA? MPR 4 Mikio? Pe i | ae = 7 tnt Nee. \i oli Cy a Le mh ay iP; ue hut walt a gl Seer: “ie e. et Peat ae Reon = toga GAN ONY ede Bp me] ati! aneelP odtal A 7 4 “s pull! : weit ti on aD 7 a | if we S mips: 7 MWe 7 ie lade ees - i hui ahzie has heaped Ve Lane i eee ip oy ie, eeatie a “ “ es wee ay 2 ; ; hes ienoae taal ot tl Seer a iif hear rt = i : ei ie te con VRE) RA j } at Lew ef be Dae Wea —_ i, Nee Tepeshy ar ] 4 Bike Yates ae 13 02) V. Shes Goat: ¢ @) SiN ; oncat, Salk, ol ac; hh Ae Jat bity te sual ; cae euy Lick: a becg ploMe 7 A ‘ ‘ 7 - ni ae Wal § E ‘ ey ¥ i ee ee Ne - {\ Ssh) tea ae ; nn ; rs iz yy, re 7 1 q i" arb ; = bie ; onal " .B ,0y wk ~ ‘ rays f* ; 7 7 > 4 t _ dy gh i R0y Wr) ‘ge ; Lio! o ‘ row Ware bk) | eto | : Pe ; o" * vei 5 £ Lat | SA Oe et eye See. < == Kerra | ioey Aseria wily Son A ve nue ry om Fe ay oi domed 4a? ia ’ te ¢ \ nt pave! fo ri 4 { 4 "» A 7 a Hit IT GO), Pevay \ eS fe bs cea oll Teele ty 9a o> j et pedi TM Oy @ i ; ue CLOTS Sei ld i BE iv) i - Tu | ; : 4 nO erent T wrtl Wik aes . 7 Dele Ww ayes gf cis MAM eT 4 a y 7 7 7 y . oT S- - 7 iit = TT Se 1 aurea) ie Se ae ae { i = ! 7 A} : f i 1 ' ach aw % = A ae 8 i Oh aera wit ‘sp ete yosity ja)? A 1X6 Bad 2b. = gy petal dads 1 A a a - Sores tied | ae I Par Ippo? tise ~~ : We ml Aly (ONT. Apert) pee . 7 A re } > na = # Gl lar tue 4 > eo ae Sale 26 Wh ely BOY, 4 a ae ; Sietl ff 2 jy wy Ue BNO apatite i eee batt at 7 i: i 7 i a * a HiT; Orr sli dad esp ee nT a ry z a ifs. a tL rth ; 7 -. F i i : : : arn) i : Se Ovualum Pl. AT. = & @ 8 50a. SOB. Sowerby, del et lith Ancent Brooks, Imp. Ov Ute UEM: Puate XI. Species 47. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLum Inpicum. Ov. testéd angusté ovatd, subpyri- formi, eburned, nitente, dorso superné angulato-gibboso, extremitatibus brevibus, calloso-emarginatis, labro in- | crassato, columella subexcavatd. Tue Inpran OvuLum. Shell narrowly ovate, somewhat pyriform, ivory-white, shining, back angularly gib- bous round the upper part, extremities short, cal- lously emarginated, lip thickeued, columella slightly excavated. Hab. Bombay. A small, shining-white species, of which Mr. Cuming possesses two specimens from the coast of Bombay. Species 48. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) OVULUM SEMINULUM. carned, extremitatibus retusis, labro incrassato, inferne Ov. testd oblongo-ovatd, rosaceo- laté sinuato, columella supra et infra callosa. THE LITTLE-sEED OvuLuM. Shell oblong-ovate, pinkish flesh-colour, extremities blunt, lip thickened, broadly sinuated at the lower part, columella callous above and below. Sowersy, Spes. Conch. pt. i. f. 40. Hab. Friendly Islands. The back is slightly raised in this species, but not to say gibbous or angled. Species 49. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLUM SIMILE. Ov. testd oblongo-ovatd, purpureo- rosea, dorso undique inciso-striato, extremitatibus cal- | loso-retusis, labro incrassato, inferné late sinuato. THE LIkE OvULUM. back ineisely striated throughout, extremities cal- lously blunt, lip thickened, broadly sinuated at the lower part. SoweERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 156. hab. ? Shell oblong-ovate, purple-rose, Scarcely differing from O. secale, except in being trans- versely striated at the back. Species 50. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLum CaLirorniceM. Orv. tenuiculd, livido-purpured vel plumbed, dorso levigato, lesté elongato-oblongd, labro modicé incrassato, flexuoso, extremitatibus sub- acuminato-productis, apertura patuld, columella sub- excavatd, superne obtuse obsolete calloso-plicata. [THE CaLIFORNIAN OVULUM. livid-purple, or lead-colour, back smooth, lip mode- Shell elongately oblong, rately thickened, flexuous, extremities somewhat acu- minately produced, aperture wide open, columella slightly plaited at the upper part. Sowersy, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab, California. excavated, obtusely obsoletely callously Of a peculiar livid, leaden-purple colow ; the callous enamel of the lip and columella being of an orange blood- red, Species 51. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OVULUM UNIPLICATUM. culd, albidd vel aurantio-rosed, extremitatibus subpro- Ov. testdé angusté oblonga, tenui- ductis, retusis, dorso transversim minute striato, labro modice incrassato, flecuoso, inferné late sinuato, colu- melld superne uniplicata. Tue oNE-PLAIrED OvuLum. Shell narrowly-oblong, rather thin, whitish, or orange-rose, extremities rather produced, blunt, back transversely minutely striated, lip moderately thickened, flexuous, widely sinuated at the lower part, columella one-plaited at the upper part. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1848, p. 135. Hab. Rio Janeiro. South Carolina. A rather thin, flexuous shell, with a single winding plait at the upper extremity of the columella. May, 1865. Sowerby, del.et lth } Ww 52a 52D. Ovalan PLAT 55.6 Vincent Brooks, Imp OV U LUM. PLATE Species 52. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OVULUM FORMICARIUM. culd, rosaced, dorso transversim tenuistriato, extremi- Ov. testa oblongo-ovatd, tenui- tatibus subproductis, labro calloso-incrassato, columella superne uniplicald, apertura latiusculd. ANT OVULUM. rosy, back transversely finely striated, extremities THE Shell oblong-ovate, rather thin, somewhat produced, lip callously thickered, columella one-plaited at the upper part, aperture rather wide. Sowerby, Spes. Conch, pt. i. f. 39. Hab. Kastern Seas. A delicate, rose-coloured species, differing little from 5 O. secale. Species 53. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OvULUM ACICULARE. Ov. testdé lanceolato-ovatd, tenui, flexuosa, livido-cinered aut violaced, semipellucidd, ea- melld anguste involutd, aperturd latiusculd. THE ACICULAR OVULUM. flexuous, livid ash-colour, or violet, semitransparent, | tremitatibus retuse productis, labro tenué reflexo, colu- Shell lanceolately-ovate, thin, extremities bluntly produced, lip thinly reflected, | columella narrowly involuted, aperture rather wide. | Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol, x. p. 472. Hab. West Indies. This species is mostly found adhering to the stems of Gorgonia, and partakes more or less of the form of its place of attachment. Species 54. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) OVULUM RECURVUM. Ov. festa elongato-lanceolaté, re- cured, eburned, dorso transversim minute striato, medio gibboso-angulato, extremitatibus acuminato-rostratis, labro et columella calloso-tumidis, nitentibus, aperturd perangustd, inferné conspicue sinuatd. | THE RECURVED OvuLUM. Shell elongately-lanceolate, recurved, ivory-white, back transversely minutely striated, gibbously angled in the middle, extremities acuminately beaked, lip and columella callously swollen, shining, aperture very narrow, conspicuously sinuated at the lower part. XII. Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 21, pl. vi. f. a, 6,.¢. Hab. China Seas; Belcher. Satanomosaki, Japan (at the depth of fifty-five fathoms) ; Adams. A very characteristic species, elegantly acuminately beaked at the extremities, and distinguished by a very nar- row aperture owing to the callous swelling of the lip and columella, Species 55. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) OVULUM SUBREFLEXUM. Ov. testd lanceolato-ovatd, ebur- ned, dorso transversim minute striato, extremitatibus subrectis, breviusculis, retusis, labro et columella cal- loso-tumidis, apertura subangusta, inferne modice si- nuatd. THE SLIGHTLY-REFLECTED OVULUM. Shell lanceolately- ovate, ivory-white, back transversely minutely striated, extremities nearly straight, rather short, blunt, lip and columella callously swollen, aperture rather nar- row, moderately sinuated at the lower part. Avams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 22. pl. vi. f. VOra 6: TTab. Bilaton, Eastern Seas; Belcher. Shining-white, with callously-swollen lip and aperture, like the last species, but the extremities are neither acu- minately beaked nor recurved. Species 56. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) OVULUM DEFLEXUM. Ov. testa lanceolato-ovatd, candida, extremitatibus rectis, gradatim attenuatis, labro et co- lumelld tumidis, excavato-planatis, compressis, apertura perangustd, inferné sinuata. DEFLECTED OvuLuM. Shell lanceolately-ovate, white, extremities straight, gradually attenuated, lip THE and columella swollen, excavately flattened, com- pressed, aperture very narrow, sinuated at the lower part. Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 136. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines; Cuming. A peculiarly narrowly compressed species, with the lip and columella excavately flattened. May, 1865. 58. 59.b. 57.b. Sowerby, del.et lith. 59a. Ovulurm PL. ATLL. Vincent Brooks, imp. OVE U Ew ME. Puate XIII. Species 57. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) OVULUM COARCTATUM. tricosd, fulvd, dorso transversim minuleé striato, extre- Ov. testa elongata, medio ven- mitatibus coarctatis, columella depressiusculd. THE CONTRACTED OvULuM. cose in the middle, fulvous, back transversely mi- nutely striated, extremities contracted, columella ra- ther depressed. Apams and Renver, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 21. pt. 6. tis 45 Hab. Straits of Sunda, near Java; Belcher. A very small species of very simple character. Species 58. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLtUM arcuatTuM. Ov. testa angusté ovata, arcuaté, nitente-albd, dorso transversim striato, eatremitatibus subretusis, labro incrassato, columella superné obtuse uniplicata. THr ARCHED OvuLuM. Shell narrowly ovate, arched, shining white, back transversely striated, extremities rather blunt, lip thickened, columella obtusely one- plaited at the upper part. Hab. - iy A shining white species, arcuately bent, with the extre- mities but little produced. Species 59. (Fig. a, 2. Mus. Cuming.) OVULUM LANCEOLATUM. Ov. compressa, aurantio-rosed, testa elongato-lanceolatd, dorso dense transversim striato, extremitatibus subretusis, labro et columellé calloso-involutis, aperturd perangustd, inferné sinuatd. THE LANCEOLATE OvuLum. Shell elongately lanceolate, compressed, orange-pink, back densely transversely Shell elongated, ventri- | striated, extremities rather blunt, lip and columella callously involute, aperture very narrow, sinuated at the lower part. Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 135. fab. Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. Curiously distinguished by its narrowly compressed, lanceolate form. Species 60. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OVULUM VARIABILE. didé alba, extremitatibus subacuminatis, labro modice Ov. testd subelongato-ovald, sor- incrassato, apertura latiusculd. THE VARIABLE OvuLUM. ovate, dull white, extremities slightly acuminated, lip moderately thickened, aperture rather wide. C. B. Apams, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. ? Probably a West Indian species, straight, with the ex- tremities slightly acuminated. Shell somewhat eclongately Species 61. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Taylor.) OVULUM GRACILE. Ov. testd elongatd, fusiformi, pal- lidé fulvd, dorso rubro marginato, minutissime striato, extremitatibus acuminato-rostratis, recurvis, lubro sub- angulatim arcuato. THE SLENDER Ovutem. Shell elongated, fusiform, pale fulvous, back edged with red, very minutely striated, extremities acuminately beaked, recurved, lip some- what angularly arched. Apams and Rerve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 22. pl. 6. fea Oe oc: Hab, Kast coast of Borneo; Belcher. An extremely characteristic species, recurved and acu- minately beaked at the extremities. June, 1865. Ovulum PL ALV. | 62.a. 63 a 63.6 G4a 65.0 648. aA * © st) 66.0 62.5. Sowerby, del.et lith Vincent Broaks, mp. OVULUM. Puate XIV. Species 62. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLUM NEGLECTUM. Ov. testd subelongato-ovatd, livido- purpured, extremitatibus attenuatis, brevibus, labro tenue refleco, apertura subpatuld. THE NEG@LECTED OVULUM. ovate, livid-purple, extremities attenuated, short, lip thinly reflected, aperture rather wide open. C. B. Apams, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. ? Shell somewhat elongately Allied to O. aciculare, but of a regular ovate form, with the aperture wide open. Species 63. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLum Livipum. Ov. testd subangusté ovata, solidd, livido-purpured, extremitatibus breviter acuminatis, labro incrassato, columella superné obsolete uniplicatd, aperturd subpatuld. THE Livip OvuLuM. Shell rather narrowly ovate, solid, livid-purple, extremities shortly acuminated, lip thickened, columella obsoletely one-plaited at the top, aperture rather wide open. Hab. Panama. A more solid species than the preceding, with a nearly obsolete callous plait at the upper extremity of the co- lumella. Species 64. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) OvuLum ANTILLARUM. Ov. testa elongato-ovata, livido- purpured, nitente, extremitatibus acuminatis, labro calloso-incrassato, apertura subpatuld. Tue West Inpia Ovutum. Shell elongately ovate, livid-purple, glossy, extremities acuminated, lip cal- lously thickened, aperture rather wide open. OVULUM SUBROSTRATUM. Hab. West Indies. Of a much more glossy substance than either of the two preceding species, with the extremities more acumi- nated. Species 65. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Ov. testd elongato-ovatd, li- vido-purpured, nitente, extremitatibus acuminatis, la- bro calloso-incrassato, columella superné uniplicata, apertura subpatuld. SLIGHTLY-BEAKED OvuLum. Shell elongately ovate, livid-purple, shining, extremities acuminated, lip callously thickened, columella one-plaited at the upper part, aperture rather wide open. SoweErsy; Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 136. Hab. Bay of Honduras; Dyson. THE Very like the preceding’ species, with the extremities acuminated. Species 66. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) OvULUM SECALE. lidiusculd, extremitatibus retusis, labro calloso-incras- salo, columella superné uniplicatd, apertura subpatuld. RYE OvuLum. Shell ovate, livid-purple, rather solid, extremities blunt, lip callously thickened, co- lumella one-folded at the upper part, aperture rather wide open. SoweEnsy, Spes. Conch. pt. 1. f. 36. Hab. Kastern Seas; Belcher. Ov. testé ovatd, livido-purpured, so- THE The original type of the allied species grouped together in this Plate. June, 1865. aciculare, Lamarck : acuminatum, Adams and Reeve. . INGamSlige Reever is teres Adriaticum, Sowerby.......... alabaster Reeve: spare cieicrerc susie. alba, Schumacher ...........- Aingast, AAQMS 2.1). 616; .. 1 <0) 1s angulosa, Lamarck............ Antillarum, Reeve........-... AL CUAL AUCCUC sae el speteie esters iiste bimaculatum (Amphiperas), Adams birostre (Buda), Linneeus...... YGVe SO2GC7 0) 2 -ianaie s/o a) \efais brevirostris (Radius), Schumacher bulla, 4dams and Reeve bullatum, Addams and Reeve .... Californicum, Sowerby ........ carneum (Bulla), Poiret coarctatum, ddams and Reeve columba, Schubert and Wagner. . coucinnum, ddams and Reeve .. deflexwms)S0227 07m ov-tavars <2) 101 dentatum, Adams and Reeve... . dorsuosum, Hinds............ emarginatum, Sowerby ........ formicarium, Sowerby.......... formosum, Adams and Reeve.... frumentum, Sowerby .. - fruticum, Addams gibbosum (Bulla), Linneus .. . . gracile, Adams and Reeve ...... hordaceum, Lamarch.......... Iie ietns TITS bse paaao so ae intermedium, Sowerby lacteum, Lamarck............ lanceolatum, Sowerby Sasha: lepida (Bulla), Dillwyn ....... OV UL UM. Species. | me eH or or ot m oO oe oF nm we ooo ou ~“I Vivid umseReeres erste oe. oe longivostratum, Sowerby margarita, Sowerby .......... marginatum, Sowerby.......... marginata (Amphiperas), Adams neglectum, C. B. ddams ...... nubeculatum, Adams and Reeve. . obtusum, Sowerby ...........- oviformis, Lamarck ovum (Bulla), Linneus patulum (Bulla), Pennant...... Philippimarum, Sowerby........ pudicum (Amphiperas), Adams. . punctatum, Duclos pyriforme, Sowerby : pyrulinum (Amphiperas), eras recurvum, 4dams and Reeve .... rhodia (Amphiperas), Adams LOSE; Adaii8\a efeioeen ae scitulum (/adius), Adams...... secale; Sowerby). «weno. so 35 seminulum, Sowerby .......... semistriatum, Pease .........- simile, Sowerby . . as spelta (Bulla), anette striatulum, Sowerby .......... subreflexum, Adams and Reeve .. subrostratum, Sowerby ........ tortile (Cyprea), Martyn ...... Traillii (Amphiperas), Adams .. triticeum, Lamarck umbilicatum, Sowerby uniplicatum, Sowerby variabile, C. B. Adams ........ verrucosum (Buia), Linneus .. volva (Bulla), Linneus........ Species. 63 40) 10 or ww me Ow for) OC Mm OF Ot CO %® « ove rm He 60 as idiettentan MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS ERAT O. *O Nature! all-sufficient! over all! Enrich me with the knowledge of thy works.” Thomson. Sowerby,del.et lth Ja. 3B. Erato PL. Vincent. Brooks, Imp HR ATO. Pores Genus ERATO, Risso. Testa plus minus pyriformis, ad basin emarginata, spird brevi, anfractibus superné tumidiusculis, inferné ple- rumque constrictis, columelld labroque denticulatis, apertura angusta. Shell more or less pear-shaped, emarginated at the base, spire short, whorls rather swollen at the upper part, generally constricted at the lower, columella and lip denticulated, aperture narrow. Erato is a form of Marginella, in which the columella, like the lip, is not sculptured until it arrives at maturity. In Marginelia the columellar axis of the shell is plaited from an early stage of growth. In Zraéo the columella is smooth until a row of denticulations is formed upon it simultaneously with the denticulation and completion of the lip. The geographical distribution of Hrafo is also different from that of Marginella. Erato is not known at the prin- cipal station of the latter genus, West Africa; and at the next principal habitat of MJarginella, West Indies, only one Erato has been collected. ZH. levis, the most charac- teristic type of the genus, inhabits not only the Mediter- ranean, but is found, in more or less scarcity, on all the British shores. There are eleven more species in the Eastern Hemisphere, one at Japan, four at the Philippine Islands, one at Borneo, one China Sea, one Mauritius, one Sandwich Islands, and two East Indies, one being from the coast of Bombay. In the Western Hemisphere we have two from California, one from Panama, one from West | Columbia, and one from Porto Rico. None are recorded from Australia. Species 1. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) rato COLUMBELLA. rat. testd pyriformi, flavescente, livido-carneo tinctd, spird brevissind, anfractibus su- perne tumido-globosis, inferné constrictis, labro tumido, subvaricoso. THE coLUuMBELLA Erato. Shell pyriform, yellowish, stained with livid flesh-colour, spire very short, whorls | tumidly globose round the upper part, constricted at the lower, lip swollen, somewhat varicose. Menkg, Zeitschr. fiir Malac. 1847, p. 183. Lrato leucophea, Gould. March, Hab. California. Distinguished by its globosely swollen form and livid flesh-colour, the lip being of a pallid yellow. Species 2. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming. I to) to] Erato cattosa. Brat. testa conico-pyriformi, livido-albd, carneo interdum tinctd, callosd, nitente, spird exser- liusculd, anfractibus superne tuinidis, labro tumido. Tue caLLous Eraro. Shell conically pyriform, livid- white, sometimes tinged with flesh-colour, callous, shining, spire rather exserted, whorls swollen at the upper. part, lip swollen. Apams and Rexve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, pp. 10, 25. f. 32. a, 0. Hab. China Sea. Although the spire of this species is short and rather obtuse, it is more exserted than in the preceding species. The surface of the shell is rather thickly enamelled. Species 3. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) Brato viteLtina. rat. testé obtuse pyriformi, globo- siusculd, livido-albd, plus minus rufescente-carned aut vitellind, anfractibus subinflatis, apertura lata, colu- melld subconspicue corrugato-serrata. Tus yotk Erato. Shell obtusely pyriform, rather glo- bose, livid-white, more or less reddish-flesh or yolk- colour, whorls rather inflated, aperture broad, colu- mella rather conspicuously wrinkle-serrated. Hryps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, pl. 13. f. 2, 23. Hab. California. This is the largest species of the genus, and is especially characterized by its broad and Cowrey-like growth. Species 4. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Erato scaprruscuna. rat. testd subelongato-ovaté, vie pyriformi, violaceo-plumbed, spird conicd, anfrac- tibus parum tumidis, undique grano-punctatis, labro medio tumido, columelld subconspicue constricto-cor- rugata. Tue nova Erato. Shell rather elongately ovate, but 1865. ERATO.—Ptate I. little pyriform, violet-lead colour, spire conical, whorls but little swollen, grain-dotted throughout, lip swol- len in the middle, columella rather conspicuously con- stricted throughout. Gray, Sowerby, Conch. Illus. f. 46. Marginella cypreola, Sowerby. Marginella granum, Kiener. Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia; Cuming. Peculiarly distinguished from the rest of the genus by its granulated surface and violet-lead colour. Species 5. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Erato Levis. Lrat. testé obtuse pyriformi, sordide alba, spirdé modicée exsertd, anfractibus superne angulato-tu- midis, columelldé labroque parum serratis. SMOOTH Shell obtusely pyriform, dull white, spire moderately exserted, whorls angularly THE ERatTo. | | | swollen round the upper part, columella and lip but little serrated. Voluta levis, Donovan, Brit. Shells, vol. y. pl. 165. Bulla voluta, Montagu. Voluta fusiformis, Turton. Marginella Donovani, Payraudeau. Marginella voluta, Fleming. Volvaria Donovani, Blainville. Erato levis, Gray. Columbella levis, Brown. Marginella levis, Philippi. Hab. Mediterranean. British Seas. The serrated sculpture of this species, which is sparingly diffused at a depth of about fifty fathoms on all our British shores, is generally more or less obsolete. It was named Voluta levis by Donovan, in 1803, in the concluding vo- lume of his ‘ British Shells.’ Montagu’s name of Budla voluta, which has been thought by some to have priority, was not published until 1808, when it appeared in the Supplement to his ‘Testacea Britannica.’ Sowerby, delet lith 6a Erato Fl. 702. Vincent Brooks, Imp ee Pirie: OF Puate [I]. Species 6. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Eraro ancuiirera. Frat. testd ovato-pyriformi, sor- didé alba, spird obtuse conicd, anfractibus superne an- gulato-tumidis, inferné constriclis, labro et columella obeso-tumidis, supra spiram productis, apertura per- angusti. THe ANGLED Erato. Shell ovately pyriform, dull-white, spire obtusely conical, whorls angularly swollen round the upper part, constricted at the lower, lip and columella stoutly swollen, produced above the spire, aperture very narrow. Sowersy, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Borneo, This little species is distinguished by the prominent swollen extension of the lip and columella. Species 7. (Vig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Hraro GAuLINaAcEA. rat. lestd triyono-pyriformi, sor- didé alba, callosa, spird conicd, anfractibus superné angulatis, infernée constrictis, rostratis, labro obeso- tumido, superné conspicue producta. HEN Eravo. Shell triangulariy pyriform, dull- white, callous, spire conical, whorls angled at the upper part, constricted and beaked at the lower, lip stoutly swollen, conspicuously produced at the upper part. Hinps, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines (in sandy mud, at the depth of eight fathoms); Cuming. THE An angularly censtricted species, named from its fancied resemblance to a trussed hen. Species 8. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) Erato wamatina. rat. testd oblongo-pyriformi, versus basin subangulatd, hepaticd, spird subexsertd, labro incrassato, fleruoso, columellé validé quadriplicald, plicis transcersis. THE LIVER-cOLOURED Erato. Shell oblong-pyriform, somewhat angular towards the base, liver-coloured, spire rather exserted, lip thickened, flexuous, colu- mella strongly four-plaited, plaits transverse. Menke, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Porto Rico. Conspicuously distinguished by the strong transverse plaits of the columella. The colouring is also peculiar. Species 9. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Erato LacuryMa. rat. testa obeso-pyriformi, sordide alba, carneo-fuscescente vbscuré trifasciatd, spird bre- viusculd, anfractibus tumidis, ad basin subconstrictis, labro obtuse tumido. THE TEAR Eraro, Shell stoutly pyriform, dull-white, obscurely three-banded with flesh-brown, spire rather short, whorls swollen, rather constricted at the base, lip obtusely swollen. Gray, Sowerby, Conch. Illus. f. 48. Lachryma trifasciata, Humphreys. Hab. Japan; Dr. Siebold. The banded colouring of this species is only very faintly indicated. Species 10. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Erato Mavucertm. Lat. tesla subgloboso-pyriformi, sor- didé lividd, nitente, spird parva, anfractibus ad basin modice constriclis, labro tumido, apertura latiuseula. Maucer’s Erato. dull livid-colour, shining, spire small, whorls mode- Shell somewhat globosely pyriform, rately constricted at the base, lip swollen, aperture rather wide. Gray, Sowerby, Conch. Illus. f. 47. Hab. Panama. An elegantly-formed shell, of a peculiar dull livid-colour, but shining. March, 1865. di. Ad Sowerby, delet hth. Erato Pl LL Vincent Brooks Imp ERATO. Prats III. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) ERaTO MINUTA. spird parva, anfractibus rotundato-inflatis, labro tenui- culo, columella ad basin contractd. MINUTE Erato. Shell subglobose, transparent, glassy, spire small, whorls rotundately inflated, lip rather thin, columella contracted at the base. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines; Cuming. Erat. testé subglobosd, pellucida, vitred, THE A minute glassy shell, partaking very much of the cha- racter of Marginella. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) Erato corrueata. Lat. testd ovata, pyriformi, flaves- cente-albd, spird obtusa, anfractibus tumidiusculis, su- perné minute obscure corrugatis, columellé labroque valde tumidis, apertura perangustda. THE WRINKLED Erato, Shell ovately pyriform, yellow- ish-white, spire obtuse, whorls rather swollen, ob- scurely minutely wrinkled at the upper part, columella and lip much swollen, aperture very narrow. Hips, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines (in sandy mud, at a depth of eight fathoms); Cuming. There are but the faintest possible indications of wrinkles in this species. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) Erato aneistoma. rat. testd globoso-pyriformi, livido- albd, nitente, spird parva, anfractibus superne rotun- datis, minutissime corrugatis, inferné constrictis, labro tumido, subangulato-producto. THE NarRow-MouTH Erato, Shell globosely pyriform, livid-white, shining, spire small, whorls rounded, very minutely wrinkled at the upper part, constricted at the lower, lip swollen, somewhat angularly produced. Sowersy, Conch. Illus. f. 51. Hab. Yast Indies. Chiefly distinguished by its globose form, much con- stricted at the base. Species 14. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Erato suncirera. rat. testa subtrigono-pyriforimi, sor- didé alba, obscure fasciatd, spird exsertiusculd, anfrac- tibus superné subangulatis, labro tumido, apertura an- gusta. THE GROOVED Erato. riform, dull white, obscurely banded, spire rather ex- serted, whorls slightly angled round the upper part, lip swollen, aperture narrow. Gray, Sowerby, Conch. Illus. f. 46. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. Shell somewhat triangularly py- Of a somewhat triangular form, with the spire more than usually exserted. Fig. 15. (Mus. Cuming.) This specimen is named in Mr. Cuming’s collection L. guttata, but it is in such a bad state that I must refrain from describing it as a species. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) Erato peLLucipa. rat. testa subgloboso-pyriformi, pel- lucido-albd, nitente, spird conica, anfractibus superneé declivi-angulatis, labro tumido, varicoso, apertura an- gusta, THE TRANSPARENT Erato. Shell somewhat globosely pyriform, transparent white, shining, spire conical, whorls slopingly angled round the upper part, lip swollen, varicose, aperture narrow. Hab. Bombay. A small East Indian species, distinguished by the sloping angularity of the upper part of the whorls, and by the transparent substance of its shell, the internal columellar axis being visible throughout. Species 17. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Erato Sanpwicensts. Hrat. testd subelongato-pyriformi, sordidé albd, supra et infra fuscescente latifasciatd, spird conico-exsertd, anfractibus superné obtuse angu- latis, apertura angusta. Tuer Sanpwicu Erato. Shell somewhat elongately py- March, 1865. ERATO.—Ptate III. riform, dull white, broadly banded above and below | conicd, anfractibus superne longitudinaliter plicato- with pale-brown, spire conically exserted, whorls ob- | corrugatis, labro tumido. tusely angled round the upper part, aperture narrow. | Toe pwarr Erato. Shell obtusely pyriform, white, | Pease, Pro. Zool. Soc. p. spire conical, whorls longitudinally plicately wrinkled, Hab. Sandwich Islands. lip swollen. An elegantly-formed species, of rather elongated growth, | DUCLOs, a in Mus. Cuming. very characteristically banded. Hab. ; | : The specimens are much worn, but they undoubtedly | present the unusual character of being longitudinally pli- | | Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) cately wrinkled. Erato NANA. rat. testd obtuse pyriformi, alba, spird MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS Oey BIN AGAR alee “Great God, it is thy work, and therefore ¢ r gC vod.” Quarles. = BLD 8: PPh il = i n F i yt ; i il] i i j i f i fl 4 1 1 ea ee : fl . ! ‘ i Vincent Brooks, im Sowerby, del. et ith CARIN Uh Be Nes PVATEM le Genus CARINARIA, Lamarck. Testa pileiformis, tenuissima, pellucido-vitrea, concentrice corrugata, dorso laminato-carinato, apice spiraliter uncinato. | Shell cap-shaped, very thin, transparent glassy, concentri- eally wrinkled, back laminately keeled, apex spirally | hooked. | The very delicate, transparent, cap-shaped shell, long known to conchologists as the ‘ Glassy Nautilus,’ has no relation with the cephalopod of that name. It belongs | externally to a mollusk inany times larger than itself, of very curious structure and habit. The Carinaria is an oblong gelatinous mass, swollen and transparent, having | atone end a well-developed head, with tentacles and eyes, and a powerfully armed proboscis, while the viscera and branchive are gathered together in an external nucleus, situated almost at its other extremity. The only organ contained in this gelatinous mass is a gut of connection between these distant parts, the head and the external vis- ceral and branchial nucleus, and it is as a cap-like cover- ing to the latter that this wonderfully delicate and brittle shell is developed. The Carinaria is an oceanic swimmer, darting about with some rapidity, by means of a ventral fin, provided with a sucker for obtaining attachment to any foreign body when at rest. In the Indian Ocean, probably in the neighbourhood of the Moluccas, is a fine species, C. vitrea, of which the shell has been known for a century and more, but there is no record of the animal ever having been observed. Of the Mediterranean species, C. fragilis, the animal has been frequently captured, and a few specimens of a small species, C. Advantica, were taken in the trawl at twilight, by Capt. Sir E. Belcher, in the North Atlantic Ocean, in the ‘Samarang.’ M. D’Orbigny has described a species, C. punctata, in his ‘Voyage dans | Amérique méridionale,’ but it is unknown to me. Species 1. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) CARINARIA PRAGILIS. Car, testd subdepressa, apice con- spieue involuto. THE FRAGILE Carinaria. Shell rather depressed, apex conspicuously involute. Bory pp Sr. Vincent, Voy. aux Iles Afrique, vol. i. p. 143. pl. 6. f. 4. Carinaria Mediterranea, Deshayes. Hab. Mediterranean. Chiefly distinguished by its depressed form, and conse- quent involution of the apex. Species 2. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) CARINARIA VITREA. Car. festd suberectd, apice parui involuto, THE GLASSY CARINARIA. apex but little involute. Nautilus vitreus, Argenville, Conch. App. pl. 1. f. B. Patella cristata, Linneus. Argonauta vitrea, Gmelin. Patella vitrea, Schroeter. Carinaria vitrea, Lamarck. Shell rather erect, with the Carinaria gracilis, Reeve. Hab. Indian Ocean. Uniformly of large size, more attenuately erect, with the apex only moderately involute. Species 3. (Mus. B) CarINaRta ArLanTicA. Car. testa pared, modice de- pressd, apice subinvoluto, carina lala. Tue Artantrc Carinaria. Shell small, moderately depressed, with the apex rather involute, keel broad. Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 63. pl. 15. Tee PA Hab. North Atlantic Ocean. A small, broad-keeled species. June, 1865. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS eO) ok NS AN baslinea. © Launch then the skiff; ply well the seraping dredge ! Or, if it likes thee better, search the shore.’— Landsborough. Hi f Pht UO ar ar) Oe ee eae ie: se Tornatela PLT. A 2 Vincent Brooks, Imp Sowerby, del. et lith TORN AE Lela. Pirate I. Genus TORNATELLA, Lamarck. Testa cylindraceo-ovata, plerumque transversin lineari-sul- cata, spird pared, apertura oblonga, columella ad basin validé contorto-plicatd, interdum plicd secundéi plus minus obsoleta. Shell cylindrically ovate, generally transversely linearly grooved, spire small, aperture oblong, columella strongly twistedly plaited at the base, with sometimes a second plait, which is more or less obsolete. The genus Zornatella comprises a few characteristic species, distinguished by a cylindrically ovate short-spired form of shell, having a remarkably strongly-developed twisted plait at the base, which, unlike that of the great majority of gasteropodous mollusks, is not emarginated or channelled. For the sake of convenience, a few small species are added, constituting the genus Leucotina of Adams, in which the spire is more acuminately turbinated, and the columellar plait only very faintly developed. All, with one or two rather conspicuous exceptions, are trans- versely linearly grooved, and in most species the grooves are finely punctured throughout. The typical species of Tornatella are all inhabitants of the Eastern Seas, and we have a fine one, Z. ¢ornatilis, ranging throughout the Of the Leucotina species one is from the China Seas, one from Hongkong, aud one from the Bay of New York. seas of Europe. Species 1. (Tig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) TORNATELLA cocctnaTa. Torn, testa cylindraceo-ovati, subobesd, undique transversim punctato-sulcatd, albd, punctis coccineis aut cerulescentibus profuse aspersd, apice acuto, columella biplicatd, supericre subobscurd, inferiore validé prominente, duplicata. THE SCARLET ToRNATELLA. Shell cylindrically ovate, rather stout, transversely punctured-grooved through- out, white, profusely sprinkled with scarlet or bluish dots, apex sharp, columella two-plaited, the upper rather obscure, the lower very prominent, duplicate. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 60; Conch. Syst. vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 10. Hab. Cagayan, Province of Misamis, Island of Mindanao, Philippines (dredged from sandy mud, at the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. Singapore; Cuming. This very characteristic species is of a peculiarly swollen cylindrical form. The typical scarlet-coloured variety is from the Philippine Islands, the dark leaden-blue variety from Singapore. Species 2. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TORNATELLA FLAMMEA. Torn. testd obeso-ovatd, trans- versim undique dense punctato-sulcald, alba, maculis erescentiformibus aut flammis rufescentibus strigata, spird brevinsculd, columella validé uniplicata. THe rLaAMED ToRNATELEA. Shell stoutly ovate, closely densely punctured-grooved throughout, white, streaked with reddish flames, or crescent-shaped spots, spire rather short, columella strongly one-plaited. Foluta flammea, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3435. Bulimus variegatus, Bruguicre. Tornatella flammea, Lamarck. Hab. Java. Island of Ticao, and Correjidor, Philippines (dredged at a depth of about seven fathoms) ; Cu- ming. © The markings of this beautiful species consist normally of somewhat square crescent-shaped blotches, which in varicties run into one another and form confused longitu- dinal streaks. Species 3. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TORNATELLA SOLIDULA. cylindraced, transversim undique dense punctato-sul- Torn. testa oblongo-ovata, sub- catd, albd, maculis parvis quadratis ceruleo-nigrican- tibus profuse irregulariter aspersd, spird plus minus conico-elevatd, columella validé uniplicatd. SOLID TORNATELLA. THE Shell oblong-ovate, some- what cylindrical, transversely densely punctured- grooved throughout, white, profusely irregularly sprinkled with small square blue-black spots, spire more or less conically raised, columella strongly one- plaited. Voluta solidula, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1187. Bulla solidula, Linneeus. Helix nevia, Gmelin. Bulinus solidulus, Bruguicre. June, 1865. TORNATELLA.—Puare I. Tornatella solidula, Lamarck. Hab. Philippine Islands (in sandy mud, at from six to twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. In this species the colouring is also very irregular, the | dots running into confused longitudinal streaks. Species 4. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) bra, nitente, transversim undique dense punctato-suleata, alba, maculis griseis umbratis profuse nebulatd, apice modicé conico, acuto, columella biplicatd, plicd supe- riore subobscurd, inferiore valde prominente, interdum duplicata. Tue smooru TorNaTELLA. Shell cylindrically ovate, smooth, shining, transversely densely punctured- grooved throughout, white, profusely clouded with grey-shaded spots, apex moderately conical, sharp, columella two-plaited, upper plait rather obscure, lower very prominent, sometimes duplicate. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 60; Conch. Syst. vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 12. | Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines; Cuming. TORNATELLA GLABRA. Torn. testd cylindraceo-ovata, gla- | This species bears a strong general resemblance to 7. solidula, but is in reality very distinct. The surface is uniformly smoother, more glossy, the colouring is not in solid dots, but in light dots shaded on one side, and the | columella has a second obscure plait. Sowerby, del et lith 6a. Tornatela Pt. Hl. Vincent Brooks, Im OCR NG AS E ln beAr Puate II. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) TTORNATELLA NITIDULA. Torn. testa subabbreviato-ovata, solidd, levigatd, nitente, ad basin lineari-sulcatd, ro- | saceo-carned, spird parva, acutd, columella biplicata, plicd superiore fere obsoletd, inferiore valde prominente. Tne SHINING ToRNATELLA. Shell rather shortly ovate, solid, smooth, shining, linearly grooved at the base, pinkish flesh-colour, spire small, sharp, columella two-plaited, upper plait nearly obsolete, lower very prominent. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. p. 42. Hab. Singapore; Island of Bohol, Philippines (in sandy mud, at the depth of eleven fathoms) ; Cuming. A very solid, callous shell, grooved at the base only. Species 6. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TORNATELLA TESSELLATA. Torn. testd subcylindraceo- ovata, transversim irregulariter punctato-sulcatd, alba, maculis carneis tessellatd, apice acuto, columella bipli- catd, plicd superiori feré obsoleta. THE TESSELLATED TORNATELLA. Shell somewhat cy- lindrically ovate, transversely irregularly punctured- grooved, white, tessellated with flesh-tinted spots, apex sharp, columella two-plaited, the upper plait nearly obsolete. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 60. Hab. Red Sea (on the sands at low water); Dr. Riippell. A small species, tessellated with spots of a pinkish flesh-colour. Species 7. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TORNATELLA TORNATILIS. transversim undique dense lirato-striatd, sordidé car- Torn. testi oblongo-ovatd, ned, fascuis albis nunc und nunc duabus cingulata, spird subexserti, columella uniplicatd. THE TURNED ToRNATELLA. Shell oblong-ovate, trans- versely closely rib-striated throughout, dull flesh- colour, encircled with one or two white bands, spire somewhat exserted, columella one-plaited. Voluta tornatilis, Linneeys, Syst. Nat. p. 1187. Auricula bifasciata, Martini. Turbo ovalis, Da Costa. Bulimus tornatilis, Bruguicre. Tornatella fusciata, Lamarck. June, Tornatella tornatilis, Fleming. Speo bifasciatus, Risso. Tornatella pellucida, Macgillivray. Tornatella pusilla, Macgillivray. Actaon tornatilis, Alder. Hab. European Seas, from the coasts of Norway to the Mediterranean (in sandy mud, from the verge of low water to the depth of sixty fathoms); Forbes and Hanley. This well-known species is encircled sometimes with two white bands, sometimes with only one. Species 8. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TORNATELLA VIRGATA. Torn. testdé obeso-ovatd, trans- versim undique tenué lineari-sulcatd, eburned, nigro conspicue oblique virgatd, spird brevi, subobtusd, apicv acuta, columella uniplicatd. THE STREAKED TORNATELLA. Shell stoutly ovate, trans- versely finely linearly grooved throughout, ivory- white, conspicuously obliquely streaked with black, spire short, rather obtuse, apex sharp, columella one- plaited. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, pl. 61; Conch. Syst. vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 8, 9. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (in sandy mud, at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. Singularly distinct from any other species of the genus. Species 9. (Fig. a, J, c, Mus. Cuming.) TORNATELLA suTURALIS. Torn. testd ovald, nunc abbre- viatd, obesd, nune angustd, transversim undique dense punctato- striata, albdé punctis nigris peculiariter pipe- ritd, apice acuto, columella uniplicata. THE suTURED TORNATELLA. Shell ovate, sometimes short, stout, sometimes narrow, transversely densely punctured-striated — throughout, peculiarly peppered with black dots, apex sharp, columella one-plaited. Apams, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Japan; Adams. Puerto Galero, Island of Mindoro, Philippines (dredged from the depth of six fathoms) ; Cuming. white, There is a very characteristic peculiarity about the dotted painting of this species, such as to distinguish it at once from that of 7. so/idula. 1865. Tornatela, PLL] 74.6. Sowerby, delet lith. Vincent Brooks TRO URINE Ane iy LiL Ae, Prate IIL. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) ToRNATELLA FUMATA,. versim undique dense lineari-sulcata, fulvescente-albd, Torn. testa angusté ovata, trans- nigro irregulariter inguinatd, spird subcusertd, colu- melld biplicatd, plied inferiore valid? duplicatda. THE sMOKED TORNATELLA. transversely densely linearly grooved throughout, ful- Shell narrowly ovate, vous white, irregularly smeared with black, spire ra- ther exserted, columella two-plaited, lower plait strongly duplicate. Hab. Australia. The disposition of the colouring-matter, which is not an unimportant feature in this genus, is in longitudinal smears, not arising, as in varieties of 7. solidula, from confusion in a normal pattern of dots. Species 11. (Fig, a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TORNATELLA SIEBALDIL. Zorn. testa ovato-conicd, trans- versim undique dense striata, livido-rubicundd, ad su- turas albo fasciatd, spird acute exsertd, columella uni- plicatd. Stepaup’s ToRNATELLA. Shell ovately conical, trans- versely densely striated throughout, livid ruddy colour, banded with white at the sutures, columella one- plaited. ReEvE, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 61. Hab. Japan: Dr. Siebald. Although twenty-three years have elapsed since I de- seribed this species, the value of it has not been confirmed by the discovery of other specimens, and I begin to fear it may be only a variety of the European 7. fornatilis. Species 12. (Pig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ToRNATELLA Cuminalt. Torn. testa subabbreviato-ovata, tumidiusculd, transversim undique densissime punc- tato-sulcatd, sordide fulvescente-rubidd, spiré parvd, acuta, columella uniplicatd. Cumine’s TorNnaTELLA. Shell rather shortly ovate, somewhat swollen, transversely very densely punc- tured-grooved throughout, dull fulvous ruddy colour, spire small, sharp, columella one-plaited. Acteon Cumingii, Adams, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Rio Janeiro; Capt. A. Martin. A rather swollen, closely-grooved species, of a dull fulvous ruddy colour, without marking of any kind. Species 13. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TORNATELLA PUDICA. dique densissime lirato-striatd, sordidé alba, spird sub- Torn. testa ovatd, transversin un- exsertd, columella uniplicata. THe cHaste TorNAreLLA. Shell ovate, transversely very densely ridge-striated throughout, dead-white, spire rather exserted, columella one-plaited. Acteon pudicus, Adams, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Cagayan, Island of Mindanao, Philippines (dredged from the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. The single specimen from which the species is described is in a dead, colourless state, but the form and sculpture show it to be distinct from any previously described. Species 14. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) ToRNATELLA SENEGALENSIS. Zorn. testa anguste ovata, subpyramidali, transversim undique lineariter punctato- suleatd, livido-albicante, spird subacute exserld, colu- mellad uniplicata. THe SENEGAL ‘TORNATELLA. somewhat pyramidal, transversely linearly punctured- Shell narrowly ovate, grooved throughout, livid white, spire rather sharply exserted, columella one-plaited. Petit, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Tab. Senegal. A very distinct species of light structure, linearly grooved throughout with great regularity. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) o to) TORNATELLA INSCULPTA. undique densissime punctato-sulcatd, aliidd, maculis Torn. testa ovald, transversimn June, 1865. TORNATELLA.—Prate III. vubido-roseis subobscure aspersit, suturis subindistinctis, columella biplicatd, plicd superiore subobsoleta, inferiori prominente, duplicata. THE ENGRAVED TORNATELLA. Shell ovate, transversely very densely punctured-grooved throughout, whitish, rather obscurely sprinkled with ruddy rose spots, sutures rather indistinct, columella two-plaited, upper plait rather obscure, lower prominent, duplicate. ReEve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 62. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found dead on the shore) ; Cuming. A strongly-sculptured species, with the sutures less developed than usual, prettily sprinkled with ruddy rose. Sowerby, delet lith ae. Tornatella Pt. W 78. Vincent Brooks! TORNATELLA. BrArEe Ve Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) TornaTeLLa Nipuonensts. Zorn. testd ovato-turbinatd, | minute umbilicatd, transversim undique confertim l- neari-sulcatd, alba, columella vix plicatd. Tue Nipwon Tornateia. Shell ovately turbinated, minutely umbilicated, transversely closely linearly- grooved throughout, white, columella scarcely plaited. Leucotina Niphonensis, Adams, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Niphon, Japan; A. Adams. A very small, turbinated shell, closely spirally nearly grooved throughout. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) TORNATELLA PUNCTATO-sTRIATA. Torn. testd subob- longo-ovatd, transversim minute lineariter punctato- striata, pellucido-albd, spird exsertd, columella tenui- plicatda. THE PUNCTURED-STRIATED TORNATELLA. Shell rather oblong-ovate, transversely minutely linearly punec- tured-striated, transparent white, spire exserted, co- lumella thinly plaited. Acteon punctato-striata, C. B. Adams, MS. in Mus. Cu- ming. Hab. New York Bay, United States (dredged from the depth of sixteen fathoms). A small, semitransparent shell, with the spire rather exserted, and the surface finely spirally punctured-striated throughout. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) | ToRNATELLA oRYZA. Torn. testd ovatd, solidiusculd, transversiin undique lineari-sulcatd, eburned, columella subprominenté uniplicatda. TH RICE-GRAIN TORNATELLA. Shell ovate, rather solid, | transversely linearly grooved throughout, ivory-white, | columella rather prominently one-plaited. | Rerve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 62. | Hab. Catbalonga, Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. Of more solid structure than the preceding species, par- taking more of the typical character of the genus. | Species 19. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) TORNATELLA Diana. Yorn. testé ovato-turbinatd, trans- cersun undique confertim liratd, opaco-albd, spira cou~ spieue pyramidali-exsertd, columella parum plicatd. Diana’s Tornaretta. Shell ovately turbinated, trans- versely closely ridged throughout, opake white, spire conspicuously pyramidally exserted, columella but little plicated. Leucotina Diane, Adams, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Japan; Dr. Siebald. It will be observed that this interesting shell is quite an abnormal form of Zornatelia. The columella-plait is only very moderately developed. Species 20. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TORNATELLA MODEs?tA. Torn. testa pyramidali-turbi- natd, transversim undique tenue lineari-sulcatd, nitente- albd, spird acute acuminata, columella vie plicatd, apertura pared. Tue Moves? TornateLta. Shell pyramidally turbinated, transversely finely linearly grooved throughout, shin- ing white, spire sharply acuminated, columella scarcely plaited, aperture small. Acteon modesta, Adams, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. (sland of Correjidor, Philippines (dredged from the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming. Chiefly distinguished by its narrow, pyramidally turbi- nated form, Species 21. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TORNATELLA LYRATA. transversim undique prominente liratd et sulcatd, alba, Torn. testa pyramidali-turbinata, spird acute acuminata, columella parun plicatd, aper- turd pared. THE sTRINGED TORNATELLA. nated, transversely prominently ridged and grooved throughout, white, spire sharply acuminated, colu- mella but little plaited, aperture small. Parthenia lyrata, Carpenter, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Hongkong. Shell pyramidally turbi- June, 1865. TORNATELLA.—Ptiate IV. Closely resembling the preceding species in form, but | pellucido-albda, griseo remote bifasciatd, spird parva, the surface, instead of being finely linearly grooved, is columella uniplicata. closely strongly grooved and ridged. Marta’s TorNatTeLLa. Shell cylindrically ovate, trans- versely linearly punctured-grooved throughout, semi- -- transparent white, distantly two-banded with grey, spire small, columella one-plaited. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) Acteon Mariv, Adams, MS. in Mus. Cuming. TornateLtA Martm. Lorn. testa cylindraceo-ovatd, A very finely grooved species, encireled with two dis- transversim undique lineariter punctato-striatd, semi- | tant dark-grey bands. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PYRAMIDELLA. “ Did not the great Creator's voice proclaim Whate’er he made, from the blue spangled frame, To the poor leaf that trembles, very good ?” Quarles. EAM U4 Hips a Pyramidella Pll Sowerby, del et lith Vincent Brooks Poh AG Ma Dah i i Ae. RrAtEw ls Genus PYRAMIDELLA, Lamarck. Testa subulato-turrita, multispirata, levis vel longitudina- liter plicata, spiré acuté apice sinistro, apertura integra, antice rotunda, columella plicatd, labro acuto ; operculum corneum, ovatum, margine interno sinuato. Shell subulately turreted, with many-whorled spire, smooth or longitudinally plicated, spire acute, with a sinistral apex, aperture entire, rounded in front, columella plaited, outer lip acute ; operculum horny, oval, with the inner margin sinuous. Of the 45 species now recorded in this interesting genus, 24 were described for the first time by Mr. Arthur Adams, in Mr. Sowerby’s ‘Thesaurus Conchyliorum,’ 11 in the ‘ Annals’ and ‘ Proceedings ’ recently, by the same author, and 3 by Mr. Gould; 8 only having been known to previous authors. While several of the earlier known forms, such as P. dolabratus and P. terebellum, are West Indian shells, many of those more recently discovered were contri- buted from the researches of the late lamented Mr. Cuming in the Philippine Islands. The islands of the Pacific have supplied several species, and the Japanese and Chinese seas have delivered their quota to the little collection. In the monograph by Mr. Adams, the less pyramidal forms, which are also characterized by the shells being plicated, are alone placed under the generic title of Pyra- midella, while the more tapering and smooth species are included under the term Oéeliscus. The differences named; however, do not seem sufficiently decided to warrant the division of this small group of shells. Species 1. PYRAMIDELLA BRUNNEA. levigatd, longitudinaliter leviter striata, brunned, an- Pyr. testé elongato-subulatd, fractibus planatis, numerosis, ad suturam subcrenulatis, ultimo rotundato, suturd profundd, apertura ovali, antice subeffusd, columella recta, anticé subreflexd, sub- expansi, postice uniplicata, labro simplict. THE BROWN PyraMIDELLA. Shell elongately subulate, smooth, longitudinally lightly striated, brown, whorls flattened, numerous, slightly crenulated at the suture, the last rounded, suture deep, aperture oval, rather expanded in front, columella straight, reflected in front, expanded, with a single plait placed backwards, outer lip simple. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 20. Hab. Japan; Dr. Sicbold. This brown, tapering smooth shell has slightly flattened whorls, deep suture, and only one plait on the columella. Species 2. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA ELEGANS. pyramidald, fulvd, levigatd, lined rubra pallida Pyr. testd subulatd, eleganter cinctd, anfractibus plano-subconcavis, ultimo angulato, suturd profundd, apertura subtrigond, columella tor- tuosd, uniplicatd, labro vix incrassato. THE ELEGANT PYRAMIDELLA. tapering, yellowish-brown, smooth, girt with a pale- Shell subulate, elegantly red line, whorls flattened, almost concave, the last angular, suture deep, aperture rather trigonal, co- lumella tortuous, one-plaited, outer lip very slightly thickened. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 14. Hab. Singapore ; Lieut. ‘Taylor. In this, as in some of the succeeding species, the angle of the whorls being formed above the suture, produces a deep depression or channel. The columella may be said almost to consist of one spiral plait. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA TURRITA. Pyr. testd pyramidatd, turritd, levigatd, pallidissime fulvd, anfractibus numerosis, planulatis, supra ad suturas albis, minute crenulatis, infra ad suturam excavatis, ultimo rotundo, lined im- pressd cincto, apertura angustd, ad basin canaliferd et subrostratd, columella recta, triplicatd, labro tenut. THE TURRETED PyRaMIDELLA. Shell tapering, tur- reted, smooth, very pale yellowish-brown, whorls numerous, flat, white and minutely crenulated above, excavated at the suture below, the last rounded, girt with an impressed line, aperture narrow, with a canal at the base, where it is slightly beaked, columella straight, with three folds, outer lip thin. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 9. Hah. Albrochos Island, North Australia (on stones, low water); J. E. Dring. This shell closely resembles, in most characters, DP. ¢eres: sp. 6, but in that species the whorls are not crenulated at the sutures. October, 1865. PYRAMIDELLA.—Piatz I. Species 4. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA TESSELLATA. Pyr. testd elongato-pyra- midata, levigatd, pallidissimé fulvad, anfractibus nu- merosis, maculis quadratis seriebus tribus cinctd, ulti- mo infra subrotundo, suturd excavatd, apertura ob- longa, ad basin canaliferd, columella recta, triplicatd, labro subsinuato, tenui. \ THE TESSELLATED PyramMIDELLA. Shell elongate, taper- ing, smooth, very pale-brown, whorls numerous, girt with three rows of rather square spots, last whorl rounded, suture impressed, aperture oblong, with a canal at the base, columella straight, three-plaited, outer lip rather sinuous, thin. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 12. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (in sandy mud). A much more slender shell than P. punctatus, sp. 5, with the last whorl and the canal much more produced. It is also very differently marked. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA PUNCTATA. Pyr, testd elongato-pyrami- data, longitudinaliter striata, levigata, albidd, griseo subulatd, moculis rufo-nigrescentibus magnis sparsin et rregulariter, atque alteris parvis subquadratis, in- aqualibus seriatim pictd, anfractibus numerosis, sub- rotundis, ultimo breviusculo in varice desinente, suturd excavatd, apertura subpyriformi, columella triplicatd, labro inerassato, ad basin subemarginato. THE sporrEeD PykaMIDELLA. Shell elongate, tapering, longitudinally striated, smooth, nearly white, clouded with grey, ornamented with a few large blackish-red spots irregularly placed, and others smaller, rather square, arranged in rows, whorls numerous, rather round, the last rather short, terminating in a varix, suture excavated, aperture pyriform, columella three- plaited, outer lip thickened, emarginated at the base. Cuemnirz, Conch. pl. 4. f. 1493, 1494. Pyramidella maculosa, Lam. Platia guttata, Link. Hab. Moluccas. A large solid species, finely clouded and spotted. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA TERES. LPyr. testd elongato-pyramidata, alba, anfractibus numerosis, subplanulatis, lined pal- lidd rufa spirali et fasciis undulatis longitudinalibus eimelis, suturd excacatd, ultimo anfractu lined im- pressd cinctd, apertura ovali, antice in canalem brevem producta, columella arcuata, triplicatda. THE PILLAR PyRAMIDELLA. Shell elongate, tapering, white, whorls numerous, rather flat, girt with a pale- reddish spiral line and undulating longitudinal bands, suture excavated, last whorl with an impressed line, aperture oval, anteriorly produced into a short canal, columella arched, three-plaited. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 10. Hab. Island of Panay (on the beach); Cuming. A shell of numerous whorls and very elongate form. Species 7. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA MONILIS. Pyr. testd subventricosd, pyra- midatd, longitudinaliter minutissime striatd, albd, le- vigatd, maculis fuscis pallidis in seriebus tribus picta, anfractibus subventricosis, ultimo inflato, rotundato, in varice desinente, apertura pyriformi, columella tripli- catd, plicd posticd maaimd, labro subewpanso, ad basin emarginato. BEADED PYRAMIDELLA. Shell rather ventricose, tapering, very finely longitudinally striated, white, smooth, painted with small brown spots in three rows, whorls rather ventricose, the last inflated> THE rounded, ending in a varix, aperture pyriform, colu- mella with three plaits, the hinder one very large, outer lip slightly expanded, emarginated at the base. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliseus sp. 5. Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines (seven fathoms, coarse sand) ; Cuming. A lighter and narrower shell than P. sudcata, although more ventricose than P. deres. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA TEREBELLOIDES. Pyr. testd subulatd, pyramidatd, angustiusculd, tenut, nitidd, albd, spirali- ter lineis rubris tribus ornatd, anfractibus subrotundis, sulurad impressd, apertura oblonga, antice subproductd, columellé recured, biplicata. THE AUGER-LIKE PyRaMIDELLA. Shell subulate, pyra- midal, rather narrow, thin, smooth, white, ornamented with three spiral red lines, whorls slightly rounded, suture impressed, aperture oblong, rather produced in front, columella recurved, with two plaits. c A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 11. Hab. > Much narrower than P. ¢erebellum, and having only two plaits on the columella. Pyramidellian PLL. 73a Sowerby, del.et lith Vincent Brooks,Imp. > PYRAMIDELLA. PEATE IT: Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA CINCTA. albi, anfractibus levibus, zond fuscd latd distinctad Pyr. testé subovali-acuminata, in medio cinctis, apertura subpyriformi, labro simplici, acuto. THE BELTED PyRAMIDELLA. Shell rather oval, but acuminated, white, with smooth whorls, girt in the middle with a broad, defined, chestnut band, aperture rather pyriform, outer lip simple, thin. Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842. Adams, in Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliseus sp. 6. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (in sandy mud, at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. More oval in form than most of the other species. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA PERFORATA. Pyr. testd conicd, brevi, late et profund® umbilicatd, alba, levissimd, anfracti- bus vir rotundatis, ultimo obtuse angulato, lined pul- lidissimd rufa in medio ornatis, suturt profundd, aper- turd pared, subquadratd, columella recta, plicis tribus, quarum und superiore maxima. THE PERFORATED PyRaMIDELLA. Shell conical, short, widely and deeply umbilicated, white, very smooth, whorls rather flat, the last obtusely angulated, eirt with an extremely pale reddish line, suture deep, aperture small, rather square, columella straight, with three plaits, the upper one of which is the largest. A. ADAms, in Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 19. fi 9% Hab. St. John’s, West Indies (on the sands); Dr. Horn- beck. Of a widely conical form, and more deeply perforated than other species of the group to which it belongs. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA PasTIGIuM. Pyr, testd ovali-subconicd, subventricosd, perforata, albd, nitidissimd, levi, anfrac- tibus planiusculis, ultimo via angulato, columella rectd, triplicatd, labro intus lirato. THE PoINtED-Roor PyramippLia. Shell ovately sub- | Tue axe PYRAMLDELLA. conical, subventricose, perforated, white, very smooth and shining, whorls rather flat, the last scarcely an- gulated, columella straight, with three plaits, outer lip with slightly raised internal ridges. A. Adams, in Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 18. fi 8% Mab. Loay, Island of Bohol, Philippines (in sandy mud, sixteen fathoms) ; Cuming. This white shell differs from the preceding in the greater rotundity of the last whorl and the narrowness of the per- foration. Species 12. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA suLcaTa. Pyr.testd subulato-turritd, longi- tudinaliter striis sinuatis leviter sulcatd, albidda, maculis longitudinalibus ceruleis nebulatd, maculis parvis seria- tim pictd, anfractibus quadrato-subrotundatis, ultimo ventricoso, apertura ovali, antice subquadratd, et cana- liculatd, columellé subarcuata, triplicatda, THE GROOVED PYRAMIDELLA. longitudinally grooved with sinuous striw, rather white, clouded with longitudinal bluish spots and ; painted with rows of small brown spots, whorls sub- Shell subulately turreted, quadrately rounded, the last ventricose, aperture oval, subquadrate and canaliculated at the base, columella rather arched, triplicate. A. Avams (Nuttall MS.), in Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 8. Hab. Tahiti (coral sand); Cuming. Species 13. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA DOLABRATA. ventricosd, conico-turritd, albd, lineis luteis et castaneis Pyr. testé politd, perforata, cincta, apertura pyriformi, columella recured, re- panda, labro tenui, simplicr. Shell polished, perforated, ventricose, conically turreted, white, with yellowish and chestnut transverse lines, aperture pyriform, co- lumella recurved and expanded, outer lip thin, simple. Liny ts, Syst. Nat. (Trochus). Pyramidella terebellum, Brug. Hab. Loanda, West Africa; Dr. Sams. This is a rather thick shell, with ventricose whorls. October, 1865. PYRAMIDELLA.—Puare II. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA TEREBELLUM. yr. testd eleganter pyra- midatd, perforata, levissimd, tenui, subceruled seu alba, anfractibus planulatis, lineis nigrescentibus cinctd, apertura pyriformi, columellé recurved, repandd, labro tenui, subsinuato, simplice. LITTLE AUGER PYRAMIDELLA. pyramidal, perforated, very smooth, thin, bluish or THE Shell elegantly white, whorls rather flat, girt with nearly black les, aperture pyriform, columella recurved, expanded, outer lip thin, rather sinuous, simple. OBELISCUS TEREBELLUM, Miiller. Trochus dolabratus, vay., Gmel. Hab. West Indian Islands (Mus. Cuming). Thinner and less ventricose than P. dolabrata, with the whorls considerably more flattened. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA VENTRICOSA. levi, alba, fusco-nigrescente maculata, griseo flammu- lata, anfractibus subplanulatis, ad suturam angulatis, Pyr. testé ovato-acuminata, umbilico parvo, varice circumscripto, labro levigato intus incrassato, columelld subarcuatd, triplicatd, plicd und superiore maxima. VENTRICOSE PyRAMIDELLA. Shell ovately acumi- nated, smooth, white, spotted with blackish-brown with small flames of grey, whorls rather flattened, with anangle at the suture, umbilicus small, circum- THE scribed by a varix, outer lip smooth, thickened within, columella rather arched, with three plaits, the upper plait very large. Guerin, Mag. de Zoologie. Hab. Island of ‘Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming. Of the same form as P. einctus, but thicker and more ventricose, with very different markings. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA scITuLa. Pyr. testd subovali, perforata, alba, spira acuta, anfractibus convexiusculis, ad sutu- ram angulatis, longitudinaliter et lransversim striatis, fasciis fuscis spiralibus et flammulis longitudinalibus ornatis, apertura subovali, umbilico varice circum- seripto, labro simplici. Tuo NEA? PyramipeLLa. Shell rather oval, perforate, white, spire acute, whorls convex, angulated at the suture, striated in both directions, ornamented with brown spiral bands and flame-like longitudinal mark- ings, aperture rather oval, umbilicus circumscribed by a varix, outer lip simple. A, Apams, in Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 21. Hab. (sland of Masbate (in sandy mud, at a depth of ten fathoms) ; Cuming. There is no very tangible character to distinguish this from P. ventricosus, but it is a less ventricose shell and differently coloured. Pyramidclla PLM Sowerby, del.et lith Vincent Brooks, Imp PAY RAG Mat DBs EeAc Priate IIT. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA NITIDA. longitudinaliter costellatd, costellis latis, rectis, plann- latis, levibus, interstitiis subdistantibus, punctatis, Pyr. testi ovatd, nitidd, albi, anfractu ultimo subelongato, apertura obliqua, parva, columella plicis tribus fere aqualibus instructd. THE SHINING PYRAMIDELLA. longitudinally ribbed, the ribs straight, wide, flat- tened, smooth, interstices rather distant, punctured, last whorl elongated, aperture oblique, small, colu- mella with three nearly equal teeth. A. Apams, in Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Pyr. 9. pl. 172. roel Hab. Philippines; Cuming. Shell oval, shining, white, In this pretty little shell the ribs are broad and flat, with narrow punctured interstices. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA GLANS. Pyr. testd ovali, ventricos@, brevi, obtusa, alba, fascid fused, ad dorsum repanda et lined suturali picld, longitudinaliter costellatd, inter costellas spiraliter liratd, apertura obliquad, labro crasso sim- plici. THE acoRN PYRAMIDELLA. short, obtuse, white, with a broad brown band at the lower part of the whorls and a narrow band at the suture, longitudinally ribbed, between the ribs spi- rally lirated, aperture oblique, outer lip thick, simple, Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines ; Cuming. The costelle are not flattened, as in P. nitida, but dis- tant and prominent. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA NODOCINCTA. albd, maculis rufis in seriebus transversis dispositis, Pyr. testa conico-subovali, anfractibus circa decem, supra angulatis, plicis in nodulis angulatis productis distanter ornatis, infra minute foveolatis, apertura elongata, pyriformi, colu- mela reflexd, incrassatd, labro crasso, postice sub- emarginato. Shell oval, ventricose, THE NODULOUS PYRAMIDELLA. ovate, white, with reddish spots in transverse rows, Shell conically sub- about ten whorls angulated above, with plaits pro- duced into angular nodules at the angles below, imi- nutely pitted, aperture lengthened, pyriform, colu- mella thickened and reflected backwards, outer lip thick, emarginate posteriorly. A. Apams, in Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Pyramidella sp. 6. Hab. Philippines ; Cuming. The lower part of the whorls is curiously punctured with little round pits, forming the surface into a sort of network between them, while the upper angle is orna- mented by pliciform nodules produced into angles. Species 20. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA MITRALIS. Pyr. testa ovali-elongatd, albd, infra pallide rufo-fasciatd, anfractibus convewiusculis , costellatis, ad suturam angulatis, costellis rotundis, rectis, angustis, subdislantibus, levibus, interstitiis spi- raliter liratis, anfractu ultimo arcuatim producto, apertura oblique pyrifarmi, antice subcanaliculatd, columella crassa, labro extus inerassato. MITRE PyraMIDELLA. Shell elongately oval, white, lightly banded with reddish-brown beneath, whorls THE rather convex, ribbed, angulated at the suture, ribs rounded, straight, narrow, rather distant, smooth, in- terstices spirally ridged, last whorl bent forwards and produced, aperture obliquely pyriform, subcanali- culated in front, columella thick, outer lip thickened without. A. Apams, in Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Pyramidella sp. 9. Hab. (sland of Luzon, Philippines (sand at low water) ; Cuming. A very mitriform species, in which the ribs, especially in the lower whorls, are rather distant and the interstices spirally ribbed. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA AURIS-CATI. naliter costatd, albd, maculis arcuatis fuscis grises- Pyr. testé ovata, longiludi- centibus seriatim cinctd, costis levibus, reclis, prope suturam nodulosis, interstitiis spiraliter striatis, au- October, 1865. PYRAMIDELLA.—Puate III. fractu ultimo subelongato, antice producto, apertura elongald, oblique pyriformi. THE CaAtT’s-RAR PYRAMIDELLA. ually ribbed, white, girt with rows of greyish-brown Shell ovate, longitudi- spots, ribs smooth, straight, thickened into nodules | at the suture, interstices spirally striated, last whorl rather long, bent forwards, aperture long, obliquely pyriform. Cuemnitz, Conch. Voluta t. 11. p. 20. pl. 117. f. 1711, 1712. Voluta spiralis, Wood. Pyramidelia plicata, Lamarck ; Kiener. Hab. Island of Vanikoro, Philippines ; Cuming. The ribs of this species are continuous, smooth, and distant ; the nodules at the angle are not very conspicu- ous. Itis the most regularly formed shell of the group to which it belongs. Species 22. (Pig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) to} PYRAMIDELLA PROPINQUA. Pyr. testd ovatd, brevi, ad spiram acuminata, albd, fusco-grisescente variegata, costis levibus, rectis, prope suluram vix nodulosis, in- fra subevanidis, subduplicatis, interstitis spiraliter striatis, apertura brevi, oblique pyriformi, labro in- crassato. THE APPROXIMATE PYRAMIDELLA. acuminated at the spire, white, variegated with Shell oval, short, greyish-brown, ribs smooth, straight, near the suture very slightly nodulous, tending to divide and disap- pear beneath, interstices spirally striated, aperture short, obliquely pyriform, outer lip thick. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Pyramidella sp. 6. Hub. Rheetea, Society Islands (on the reefs) ; Cuming. More short and oval in form than P. auris-cati, the nodules scarcely distinct, and a tendency in the ribs to divide and sink towards the lower part of the whorls. Species 23. (Mus, Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA VARIEGATA. alba, fusco-grisescente variegatd, costis crebris, levi- Pyr. testa ovali-oblonga, bus, rectis, infra subevanidis, subduplicatis, interstitiis spiraliter striatis, apertura brevi, oblique pyriformi, labro incrassato. THE VARIEGATED PYRAMIDELLA. Shell oval-oblong, ’ white, variegated with greyish-brown, ribs rather close, smooth, straight, rather thinning and dividing beneath, interstices spirally striated, aperture short, obliquely pyriform, outer lip thick. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Pyramidella sp. 8. Island of Masbate, Philippines (seven fathoms deep, in sandy mud) ; Cuming. Much more narrow and lengthened than P. propingua. It is marbled in the same way, but the ribs are closer. 05.W Sowerby, del. et lth Pyramidella PLLV, Vincent Brooks ir Eye Rao De eA: Puate IV. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA PULCHELLA. Pyr. testa subulatd, acumi- natd, levigatd, nitidd, alba, anfractibus circa decem, planulatis,-lined rubra in medio et alterd infra einctis, sutura lixeari, ultimo anfractu subangulato, apertura subovali, columella recta, labro tenui, simplict. THE BEAUTIFUL PYRAMIDELLA. Shell subulate, acumi- nate, smooth, shining, white, whorls about ten, flat, with a red line at the suture, showing in the centre of the last whorl, and another at the base, last whorl slightly angular, aperture rather oval, columella straight, outer lip thin, simple. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 13. Hab. Japan; Cuming. A beautifully-polished, pyramidal species, with a neat red line at the centre or suture of the whorls. Species 25. (Fig, a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA ACLIS. Pyr. testd elongato-subulata, acn- minatd, fulvo-aurantiacd, nitidd, anfractibus circa tre- decim, planis, sutura profunda, apertura parva, obliqua, oblonga, columella reflerd, uniplicatd, labro tenui. THe DART PyRAMIDELLA. Shell elongately subulate, acu- minate, orange-brown, shining, whorls about thirteen, flat, with deep suture, aperture small, oblique, oblong, columella reflected, with one strong plait, outer lip thin. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 26. Hab. Loay, Island of Bohol, Philippines; Cuming. A long, narrow, uniformly-coloured species, with nu- merous whorls divided by a deep suture. Species 26. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA HastTaTa. Pyr. testd subulatd, acuminata, levigatd, nitidd, pallidée fulva, seu alba, longitudina- liter leviter striata, anfractibus circa tredecim, pla- nulatis, ad suturas creberrimée crenulatis, suturad pro- funda, anfractu ultimo subangulato, medio sulcato. apertura subangulatd, columella recti, brevi, tripli- catd, umbilico parvo, varice spirali circumscripto, labro tenut. THE SPEAR PYRAMIDELLA. Shell subulate, sharp-pointed, smooth, shining, white or pale-brown, longitudinally lightly striated, whorls about thirteen, minutely crenulated at the suture, suture deep, last whorl slightly angular, with a groove in the centre, columella straight, short, triplicate, a small umbilicus defined by a spiral varix, outer lip thin. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 24. Hab. ? A groove in the centre of the whorls, which are mi- nutely crenulated on their upper edges, and forming a deep suture, distinguishes this elegant species from others similarly shaped. Species 27. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA ACICULATA. acuminata, nitente, pallidé fulvd, anfractibus nume- Pyr. testé elongato-subulata, rosis, subventricosis, suturad profundd, anfractu ultimo rotundato, apertura ovali, pared, columella subreflexd, uniplicatd, labro tenu?. POINTED PYRAMIDELLA. Shell elongate, subulate, sharp, shining, pale-fulvous, whorls numerous, rather THE ventricose, suture deep, last whorl rounded, aperture oval, small, columella reflected, with one strong plait, outer lip thin. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 15. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines; Cuming. Differing from P. aclis in the deeply-impressed suture and in the shape of the whorls, which, although slightly ventricose, are yet slightly compressed in the centre. Species 28. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA ATTENUATA. Pyr. testé angustd, subulatd, viv umbilicatd, albidd, tenui, spiraliter minutissime striata, anfractibus planis, suturad profundd, apice pa- pilloso, apertura parva, columella reflexd, uniplicatéa, labro tenut. THE ATTENUATED PyRAMIDELLA. Shell narrow, subu- late, scarcely umbilicated, whitish, thin, spirally very minutely striated, whorls flat, suture impressed, apex papillary, aperture small, columella reflected, unipli- cate, outer lip thin. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliseus sp. 23. Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines (under stones at low water) ; Cuming. October, 1865. PYRAMIDELLA.—Ptate IV. The striation is so light and minute as to escape obser- vation unless the lens be used, but the flattened whorls and impressed suture serve to distinguish this nearly white thin shell. It has a rounded or papillary spire. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA acHates. Pyr. testd oblongo-subcylindra- ced, levi, obtusa, pallide fuled, anfractibus circa octo, planulatis, ad suturam subelevatis, medio prope sutu- ram lined impressd cinctis, supra fascid albd, medio et infra flammulis fuscis seriatim variegatis, suturd profundd, apertura oblonga, columella subrectd, tri- plicatd, labro anticé viv expanso. Tur aGarTr PyramMipELuA. Shell oblong-cylindrical, smooth, obtuse, pale-brown, whorls about eight, flat, slightly raised at the suture, girt with an impressed line in the centre near the suture, variegated with a white band above, and rows of flame-like markings of brown in the centre and below, aperture oblong, columella nearly straight, triplicate, outer lip slightly expanded in front. GOULD. Cerithium clavulus, A. Adams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. sp. 25. Hab. Acapulco (on the sands) ; Col. Moffatt. A beautifully-painted Pupiform species. Pyramidella FLV. | 37. b. JS.W. Sowerby, delet lith Vincent Brooks Imp P OYE Re ASM DELLA. PLaTE V. Species 30. (Fig. a, 46, Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA ORNATA. Pyr. testa elongato-cylindraced, nitidd, pallida, anfractibus numerosis subventricosis, medio prope suturam lined rubra angustd cinctis, apertura subovali, columella uniplicatd, tenui, leviter reflexd, labro tent. ORNATE PyraMIDELLA. Shell long, cylindrical, | smooth, pale, whorls numerous, rather ventricose, girt with a narrow red line in the centre near the | suture, aperture rather oval, columella with one plait, thin, slightly reflected, outer lip thin. GOULD. Obeliscus columella, A. Adams. Hab. Coral Sea. THE Species 31. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA PuUSILLUS. yr. testd parva, obtuse co- nica, albd, nitidd, anfractibus planiusculis, suturis profundis, anfractu ultimo vie angulato, apertura subpyriformi, columella biplicata, labro intus lirato. THE LITTLE PyramMIpeELia. Shell small, obtusely coni- eal, white, smooth, whorls rather flat, suture deep, last whorl scarcely angulated, aperture rather pyri- form, columella with two plaits, outer lip internally ribbed. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 16. Hab. Island of Luzon; Cuming. Japan; A. Adams. In general appearance this little white shell resembles P. nitidula, but the plaits inside the inner lip distinguish it sufficiently. Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA STRIATULA. Pyr. testd turritd, subulatd, alba, tenui, subpellucida, spiraliter tenuissimé striata, anfractibus octo, subventricosis, suturad profunda, aper- | turd oblonga, columellé postice uniplicatd, labro tenui, | intus lirato. THE LITTLE-STRIATED PYRAMIDELLA. Shell turreted, subulate, white, thin, almost transparent, spirally very finely striated, whorls eight, slightly ventricose, suture | October, PYRAMIDELLA BALTEATA. deep, aperture oblong, columella with a single pos- terior plait, outer lip thin, lirated within. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 28. Hab. Feejee Islands. This small white species is very finely striated, and of a very thin and semitransparent texture. Species 33. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Pyr. testa parva, conied, acu- minatad, vie perforata, albidd, nitidd, fascia rubra pal- lida cinctd, anfractibus complanatis, sutura profunde impressa, anfractu ultimo subangulato, apertura ovata, columella tenui, reflecd, biplicatd, labro tenui intus lirato. THE BELTED PYRAMIDELLA. Shell small, conical, acu- minated, scarcely perforated, whitish, smooth, girt with a pale red line, whorls flattened, suture deeply impressed, last whorl rather angular, aperture ovate, columella thin, reflected, with two plaits, outer lip thin-ribbed within. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Obeliscus sp. 17. Hab. Island of Mindinao (twenty fathoms, sandy mud) ; Cuming. Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA CupMnitziana. Pyr. testa elongata, me- dio vix inflata, albd, levigatd, anfractibus numerosis, subplanulatis, ad suturam angulatis, apertura pared, columella biplicatd, labro tenut. CHEMNITZ’s PyRaMIDELLA. Shell elongate, very slightly swelled in the centre, white, smooth, whorls numer- ous, rather flattened, angular at the suture, aperture small, columella with two plaits, outer lip thin. A. ADAMS. Hab. Feejee Islands. A very lengthened species, with slightly flattened whorls, Species 35. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA NITIDULA. Pyr. testd parvd, albd, sub- 1865. PYRAMIDELLA.—Ptate V. ovali, levigatd, anfractibus paucis, subplanulatis, su- | A. Apams, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1860. urd impressd, anfractu ultimo ovali, aperturd parva, | Hab. Japan. ovatit, columelld biplicatd, labro tenus. . | Differing from P. pusilla in the absence of internal THE NEAT LITTLE PYRAMIDELLA. Shell small, white, | plaits. rather oval, smooth, whorls few, rather flat, suture | impressed, last whorl rather oval, aperture small, | oval, columella with two plaits, outer lip thin. Pyramidella FLV. BB. Vincent Brooks, Imp. Sowerby, delet hth Pai Ae Met Diy GGcA:. Puate VI. Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA cRocaTa. Pyr. testa solidd, parvd, fulvd, laevigata, elongato-conica, anfractibus planiusculis, su- turd impressd, ultimo anfractu rotundato, apertura brevi, columella uniplicatd, labro simplice. THE YELLOW PyRaMIDELLA. Shell solid, small, yellow- ish-brown, smooth, conical, long, whorls rather flat, suture impressed, last whorl rounded, aperture short, columella single-plaited, outer lip simple. A. ADAMS. Hab. Japan. A very smooth pyramidal species, with one plait on the columella. Species 37. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA CYLINDRELLA. Pyr. testd elongato-cylin- draced, alba, lined rubra tenui anfractuum medio cincla, anfractibus numerosis, planulatis, prope sutu- ram subtumidis, suturd profundi, apertura pared, columella uniplicata, labro simplici. THE CYLINDER PYRAMIDELLA. Shell elongately cylin- drical, white, girt with a thin red line in the middle of the whorls, whorls numerous, rather flat, a little swelled near the suture, suture impressed, aperture small, columella single-plaited, outer lip simple. A. Apams (Syrnola). Hab. Japan. The most decided characters of this little shell are its elongate-cylindrical form and the thin red line round the centre of the whorls. Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA SUBULINA. Pyr. testd pyramido-subulatd, levi, alba, lined rubra tenui anfractuum medio cinetd, anfractibus numerosis, subventricosis, aperturd obliqud, columella uniplicatd, labro tenui, anticé subexpanso. THE LITTLE-AWL PyRaMIpeLLa. Shell pyramidal, ta- pering to a point, smooth, white, girt with a thin red line in the centre of the whorls, whorls numerous, rather ventricose, aperture oblique, columella single- plaited, outer lip thin, rather expanded in front. A. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 234. Hab. Takano Simo, Japan. More tapering and less cylindrical in form than P. ey- lindrella, and having the whorls slightly swelled. Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.) PykAMIDELLA DENTICULATA. Pyr. lestd solidd, elon- gato-pyramidatd, albd, levi, anfractibus numerosis, superne ad suturam minule denticulatis, lateribus pla- nulatis, suturd profundd, anfractu ultimo medio sub- angulato, infra angulun subrotundo, apertura subquad- rata, columella uniplicatd, labro crasso, stinplict. TOOTHED PyRAMIDELLA. Shell solid, elongately pyramidal, white, smooth, whorls numerous, their Tuer upper edge at the suture minutely denticulated, sides rather flat, suture deep, last whorl slightly angular in the centre, rounded beneath the angle, aperture subquadrate, columella one-plaited, outer lip thick, simple. SoWERBY. Syrnola aciculata, A. Adams. Another species having been previously described under the name P. aciculata, it becomes necessary to give a new name to this one. Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.) PyRAMIDELLA PUPINA. Pyr. testd oblongd, laevigata, albd, spiraliter pallidé lineata, anfractibus novem, rec- tiusculis, medio subcompressis, suturd impressd, aper- turd oblonga, anticé paululum expanso, columella elon- gatd, rectiusculd, uniplicatd, labro tenui subsinuoso. THE cHRysaLis PyramipeLia. Shell oblong, smooth, white, spirally and faintly lineated, whorls nine, ra- ther straight, rather compressed in the centre, suture impressed, aperture oblong, a little expanded in front, columella long, rather straight, with a single plait, outer lip thin, slightly sinuous. A. Apams, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1860. Hab. Mino Sima, Japan. This little species is wider in proportion to its length than Nos. 37 and 38. distinguished by a long, straight columella, with a plait It is of a pyramidal form, and high up under the body-whorl. October, 1865. PYRAMIDELLA.—Prare VI. Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA MopICca. Pyr. testa angustd, cylindraced, obtusd, alba, pallidé fasciatd, supra suturam rubro unilineald, anfractibus novem, suturd impressd, aper- turd pared, subexpansd, columella arcuatda, uniplicatd. THE LITTLE PYRAMIDELLA. obtuse, white, with pale bands and one red line above the suture, whorls nine, suture impressed, Shell narrow, cylindrical, aperture small, slightly expanded, columella arched, with one plait. A. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1862. Hab. Japan. Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA FULVA. Pyr. testa solidd, elongata, fulvd, anfractibus quindecim, ventricosis, medio planulatis, apertura brevi, intus liratd, columella rectiusculd, medio uniplicata. THp BROWN PyraMIDELLA. Shell solid, long, yellowish- brown, whorls fifteen, veutricose, flattened in the centre, aperture short, ribbed within, columella rather straight, with a single plait in the centre. SOWERBY. Syrnola brunnea, A. Adams. Hab. Japan. A very plain, long, brown species, with numerous whorls. The change in specific nomenclature has been rendered necessary by the previous use of the one applied by Mr. Adams. See our first species. Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA SEROTINA. Pyr. testa parvd, angustd, sub- cylindraced, alba, prope suturam et medio ultimi an- Sractus lined rubra cinctd, anfractibus septem, ultimo oblongo, aperturad ovali, columellé arcuatd, posticé uniplicatd, labro tenuz, simplice. THE WREATHED PYRAMIDELLA. Shell small, narrow, subeylindrical, white, girt with a red line near the suture and at the middle of the last whorl, whorls seven, the last oblong, aperture oval, columella arched, with a single plait far back, outer lip thin, simple. A. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 234. Hab. Japan. This shell nearly resembles P. suéulina, sp. 38, but it is narrower and more cylindrical in shape. The last whorl is longer in proportion to the spire. Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA GRACILLIMA. Pyr, testa albd, parva, py- ramidatd, acuminata, levigata, anfractibus planatis, ultimo subangulato, apertura subtrigond, columellé arcuata, medio uniplicata, labro subeffuso. THE TAPERING PyrRaAMIDELLA. Shell white, small, py- ramidal, acuminated, whorls flat, last whorl rather angular, aperture rather trigonal, columella arched, with one plait in the middle, outer lip rather effuse. A. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 133. Hab. Japan. This little white species is delicately tapering in form. Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.) PYRAMIDELLA CINCTELLA. Pyr. testd elongata, levigati, alba, lined rubra cinetd, anfractibus novem, paulo in- flatis, ultimo subovali, apertura ovali, columellad ar- cuatd, postice uniplicatd, labro tenui, simplice. THE LITTLE-BELTED PyrRaMIDELLA. Shell elongate, smooth, white, girt with a red line, whorls nine, a little swelled, the last rather oval, aperture oval, co- lumella arched, with a single plait placed backwards, outer lip thin. A. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 231. Hab. Japan. In form rather resembling some of the larger species of Eulimella. PayYohe Ae vr DPE bie Ay Plate. Species Plate. Species achates, Gould .225.2.2 .s2.<< Le 29 mitralis, 4. Adams .......... IIL. 20 aciculata, 4. Adams.......... IV. 27 modicay-4. Adamse ects ee Ville 4] aciculata, A. Adams.......... VI. 39 nay 4h OS Son come ans Jb 7 acliseetaeAdamsunecetasm cs | LVE 25 Nitig ae Ase AIS a ee ee LL le 17 attenuata, 4. Adams.......... IV. 28 | nitidula, 4. ddams........... Vi 35 auris-cati, Chemnitz........... III. 21 nodocincta, 4. ddams ........ TTS 19 balteata, 4. ddams .......... V 33 Onn (HOG cous edeansaadn | Wo 30 brunnea, 4. Adams .......... ile 1 perforata, 4. ddams.......... II. 10 onunnedseN Adams) yeas v2) VL. 42 propinqua, 4. ddams......... IIL. 22 Chemnitziana, 4. ddams...... V. 34 pulchellas774dams est eee 24 CHIBI, Hees m acumen en eeee ul 9 punctata, Chemnitz........... 1. 5 cinctellas-4. Adams .2..5...... WI. 45 pupinay 4. 4dams. es aes IE 40 clavulus, A. Adams .......... IV. 29 UNE, AL ARK anobeseone We 3 columella, A. Adams.......... V. 30 scitula, 4. ddams............ IU. 16 crocata, 4. Adams ....... eae ae 36 serotima, 4. Adams ........36 Wi. 3 cylindrella, 4. Adams ........ VL. 3 striatula, 4. ddams . Nie 32 denticulata, Sowerby .......... VI. 39 subulina, 4--4dams sss sane Vile 38 dolabrata, Linneus ......... Te 13 suleata, 4. ddams.......+.. Me 12 elegans, 4. ddans . I. 2 terebelloides, 4. ddams ....... I. 8 fastigium, 4. Adams... . Tie il terebellum, Miiller............ I. 14 fulva, Sowerby . . VI. 42 teres;eAn Adams) ences Le 6 glans, Reeve ........ III. 18 tessellata, 4. Adams... .. IE 4 gracillima, 4. ddams .. . VI. 44 nthe wut Sean nanacana lle 3 guttata, Linklater ...... als 5 variegata, A. Adams....... ILI. 23 hastata, 4. ddams...... TV. 26 ventricosa, (Guerin. 1, 15 maculosa, amareck......... - 1G 5 ? r A} > i ' i a oe iF cp { . Z 4 : f " a 1 3 , ; f mihi ea ii ‘ ; i 7 = mT he A eet hy ' ee ate ; f nt 7 { ce -_ af ty 4 7 Fi , , 'S oa % = » _— : nal O tab : \ Y Fi Dwire he | i i D Pr ’ } q nm i ea r hed wit Sei 5 , Phi ( a i : - AY oy je : ; ot) y f af Per a 7 1 A ee i = A 1 i Te i i Py ae e: ah en | ee! 2 4 ‘a er ake 1a oy. Sa wri a6 Ligeitiee 2% reas 7 i¢ a ji > 1 \ AY j ‘ y i 5 5 ' : ‘ MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CERITHIUM. “T love the Sea; she is my fellow-creature, My careful purveyor; she provides me store She walls me round, she makes my diet greater She wafts my treasure from a foreign shore.” Quarles. 4 En _ j : ‘ a i 5 ni : 7 t 1 1 i " A y: - = i Y t 7 n - ~~ ! a= ine : fi fi ' ri " 7 se 1 vs » © ae i i 7 ) : i fy , bee ; 2 os - = : i , ’ 7 ' 7 i il ; it ‘| _ i - 7) Cerithium PL, Vincent Brooks. y, delet lith Sowerby CERITHIUM. Prats [. Genus CERITHIUM, Bruguicre. Testé marina, turritd, irregulariter varicosd, longitudina- liter plicatd seu tuberculatd, anfractibus numerosis, plerumque gradatin crescentibus ; apertura superne in canalem contracto, labio interno posticé plus minusve calloso, canali antico plus minusve producto. Shell marine, turreted, irregularly varicose, longitudinally | plaited or tuberculated, whorls numerous, for the most part gradually increasing; aperture above con- tracted into a canal, inner lip posteriorly more or less callous, anterior canal more or less produced. In the latest monograph of this genus of shells produced by Mr. Sowerby, with assistance from Mr. Arthur Adams, a large number of species are included which it may here be convenient to separate. The genus Vertagus, characterized by a reflected canaliferous tube, appears to form a natural, and almost definable group. Also, it may be advisable to treat as separate genera those groups which contain the shells of more fluviatile mollusca. Although the genus Cerithopsis is excluded on account of the structure of the animal, there does not appear to be any sufficient means to distinguish the subcylindrical group of little species, resembling the latter genus in form, to which some authors apply the name “ Bitéium,” of which C. reticulatum is the type. tinguished under the name “‘ Colina,” having the last whorl more or less contracted, are also included in the present genus. The genus Cerithium, as here constituted, contains 149 species, of which some few are described for the first time. Their geographical distribution is very extended, the genus being represented in North America as well as in South Australia, in Europe, Asia, and Africa. On the whole, south- ern climates seem most favourable to the development of the race. The few species composing the ‘‘ Colinu”’ group are from Port Natal. North America and Great Britain present a few species, the latter very few, and those of the « Bittium” group. But of the species whose localities are known, no less than thirty-eight were collected by the late Mr. Cuming in the Philippine Islands. The half-a-dozen species which have been dis- Species. 1. (Mus. Cuming.) CeRiTuiuM cirrInum. Cerith. testd pyramidatd, solida, spiraliter striata, citrind ; anfractibus longitudinaliter plicatis, medio ventricosis, superne planulatis, plicis distantibus, magnis, rotundis, ultimo anfractu uni- varicoso, infra rotundo ; apertura magna, posticé ca- naliferd, antice tubd canaliferd elongata, productd, re- curva, labro expanso, laqueato. Tue crrron Certruium. Shell pyramidal, solid, spi- rally striated, citron-coloured ; whorls longitudinally plaited, ventricose in the middle, flattened above, plaits distant, large, round, the last whorl with a single varix, rounded beneath ; aperture large, with a posterior canal, and an elongated, produced and re- curved anterior canaliferous tube, outer lip expanded, fluted. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol. ii. p. 855. pl. 179. f. 66. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines. Distinguished from most other species by the elongated and somewhat recurved canal. Species 2. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM COLUMNA. Cerith. testd rugosa, breviusculd, ventricosd, varicibus irregularibus magnis munitd, spi- raliter crebri-liratd, longitudinaliter angulatim plicatd, alba, inter plicas fusco-nigrescente lineaté ; anfractibus numerosis, medio angulatis, plicis distantibus, acutis armatis ; aperturd magna, posticé canaliferd, anticé tuba canaliferd elongata, sublortud, indutd, labro ex- panso, laqueato. Tur coLUMN CrrituruM. Shell rough, rather short, ven- tricose, strengthened by large irregular varices, spirally many-ridged, longitudinally angularly plaited, white, between the plaits marked with blackish-brown lines ; whorls numerous, angular in the middle, ars ed with distant, sharp plaits ; aperture large, with posterior canal, in front provided with a long, rather tortuous canal-tube, outer lip expanded, fluted. SoweErBy, Genera of Shells, No. 42. f. 7. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Specimens of this species vary, some of them having numerous irregular varices. The longitudinal plaits are produced into angular points at the centre of the whorls. December, 1865. CERITHIUM.—Puare I. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM NoDULOSUM. Cerith. testd magna, solidd, pyramidatd, longitudinaliter plicatd, spiraliter lineis incisis striatd, grised, maculis fusco-nigrescentibus va- riegatd ; anfractibus medio ventricosis, angulatis, plicis maximis rotundis; aperturd magna, canali postico va- lido, labio interno laminato, columellé uniplicatd, ca- nali oblongo, subrecurvo, labro radiatim expanso, su- perneé trilobato, supra medium angulato, anticé laqueato, trans canalem producto. THE NopULOUS CERITHIUM. midal, longitudinally plaited, spirally striated with Shell large, solid, pyra- incised lines, grey, variegated with blackish-brown spots; whorls ventricose in the middle, angulated, with very large round plaits; aperture large, poste- rior canal distinct, inner lip laminar, columella single- plaited, canal oblong, turned slightly backwards, outer lip radiately expanded, trilobed above, angular above the middle, fluted in front, and produced across the canal. BruGuikEreE, Dict. No. 8. Murex aluco, Born (not of Linneeus). Murex tuberosus, Dillwyn (not Buccinum tuberosum of Fabricius). Murex nodulosus, Wood. Hab. Molucca and Philippine Islands. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM sUBNODOsUM. Cerith. testd oblongo-subcylin- draced, solidd, pallidd, grisescente, castaneo late fus- ciatd, longitudinaliter plicatd, plicis subobliquis ad suturam nodulosis, ad angulum acuminatis infra me- dium evanidis ; anfractibus numerosis, supra medium angulatis ; apertura albd, canali brevi aperto. THE SUBNODOSE CERITHIUM. drical, solid, pale, greyish, widely banded with chest- nut, longitudinally plaited, plaits slightly oblique, nodose at the suture, sharp at the angle, disappear- Shell oblong-subeylin- ing below the centre, whorls numerous, angular above the centre; aperture white, canal open, short. Apams, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 864. pl. 178. f. 47, Hab. New Holland. The plaits in each whorl are partly interrupted between | the suture and the angle, they are prominent at the angle, and disappear below the middle. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM TUBEROSUM. Cerith. testd rugosd, pyrami- datd, solidd, albd-grisescente, maculis et strigis rubes- centibus pictd, longitudinaliter plicatd, irregulariter varicosa, spiraliter sulcatd ; anfractibus medio angu- latis, plicis distantibus, angustibus, medio angulatis ; aperturd magna, labro expanso, laqueato, trans canalem producto, canali postico valido, plicd prominente, colu- mellé arcuatd, canali oblongo, subtortuo. THE TUBEROSE CERITHIUM. Shell rugose, pyramidal, solid, greyish-white, painted with reddish spots and stripes, longitudinally plaited, irregularly. varicose, spirally grooved; whorls angulated in the centre, plaits distant, narrow, angular in the centre; aperture large, outer lip expanded, fluted, produced across the canal, posterior canal distinct, with a prominent plait, columella arched, anterior canal oblong, slightly tor- tuous. Buccinum tuberosum, Fabricius, Column. Obs. p. 53. f. 6. Strombus striatus, Schroter. Cerithium erythreonense, Lamark. Cerithium tuberosum, Sowerby. Hab. Near Suez. aquat. et terr. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) Cerirutum Ruppeiutt. Cerith. testa oblongo-cylindraced, alba, grisescente, castaneo, maculatd, longitudinaliter plicatd, plicis noduliferis, nodulis prominentibus, dis- tinctis, circularibus, anfractibus angulatis ; apertura ovatd, canali postico parvo, canali antico breviusculo, labro incrassato, subexpanso. Ruprewt’s Cerrrarum. Shell oblong-cylindrical, white, greyish, spotted with chestnut, longitudinally plaited, plaits noduliferous, nodules prominent, distinct, cir- cular; whorls angulated; aperture ovate, posterior canal small, anterior canal rather short, outer lip thick, rather expanded. Puitrert, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. Cerithium, pl.1. f.1. Hab. ? A yather cylindrical species, characterized by defined, rounded, prominent nodules. > ra 7 a + : <. i | es - SS a: + 7 7 ; a=. ce is ' = . r a 7 : : i i ‘ ~ tee eps . : a | - rt = as ; ~ - 7 : | 3 : ; - - - . | . 7 Pe | Certhium PLA. Vincent Brooks, Imy owerby, del. et lith re) CERITHIUM. Puate II. Species 7. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM NEBULOSUM. Cerith. testd ventricosd, albidd, obscure griseo-nebulosd, lineis interruptis et maculis magnis nigrescentibus variegatd, spiraliter striatd, an- Sractibus superné angulatis, ad angulum tuberculis an- gulatis coronatis, ad marginem crenulatis, ultimo an- Sractu tuberculorum seriebus tribus ornato, apertura | magna, postice coarctatd, columella postice callo magno instructd, anticée lamellatd et reflead, canali brevi, re- curvo, labro minute denticuluto et punctato. THE cLouUpED CrrritHium. Shell ventricose, whitish, obscurely clouded with grey, variegated with inter- rupted lines and large blackish spots, spirally striated, whorls angulated above, crowned with an- vulated tubercles at the angle, crenulated at the edge, the last ornamented with three rows of tubercles, aperture large, contracted at the back, columella with a large callus at the back, lamellated and reflected in front, canal short, recurved, outer lip denticulated and spotted at the edge. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 71. Cerithium maculosum, Kiener. Hab. Galapagos Island; Cuming. This species resembles C. adustum in general appear- ance, but the whorls are crenulated at the edge and have a row of produced angular tubercles on the angle ; the last The name maculatus, used by Keiner to designate this species, had been previously employed for another. whorl also has several rows of prominent tubercles. Species 8. CERITHIUM CHRULEUM. Cerith. testd solidd, ventricosé, ceruled, nigro maculata, tuberculis rotundis, ad sutu- ram partis, ad angulum anfractuum magnis, infra me- diocribus munitd, anfractibus paucis, ultimo magno, aperturd magna, callo postico haud magno, antice brevi, labro incrassato. THE SKY-BLUE CrERITHIUM. Shell solid, ventricose, ra- ther blue, spotted with black, having rounded tuber- cles, large at the arigle of the whorls, small at the margin, and of middle size below, whorls few, angu- lar, posterior callus not large, columella short at the base, outer lip expanded, thickened. SowrrBy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 72. | Hab. Red Sea. ‘This is not difficult to distinguish from any other species: | Species 9. | CERITHIUM vuLGATUM. Cerith. lestd oblonga, ventricosd, griseo fulvo et fusco variegatd, spiraliter striatd, an- Jractibus numerosis, medio angulatis, supra anguluin subexcavatis, tuberculis ad suluram mediocris rotundis, ad angulum magnis angulatis munitis, varicibus raris, albis, apertura breviusculd, ovatd, subexpansd, canalt brevissimo, cullo xiediocri. comMMON Ceriruium. Shell oblong, ventricose, variewated with ervey, light- and dark-brown, spirally striated, whorls numerous, angular in the centre, slightly hollowed above the angle, provided with middle-sized tubercles at the suture and large angu- THE lar ones at the angle, varices few, white, aperture ra- ther short, ovate, rather expanded, canal very short, callus on body-whorl middle-sized. | BruGuribre, Ene. Met. n. 13. Strombus nodosus, Schroeter. Cerithium thymetus, Meusch. Hab. Mediterranean Sea. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) CrERITHIUM ECHINATUM. Cerith. testd ventricosd, crassa, albd, lineis et punctis rubris aspersd, spiraliter sulcatd, anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum tuberculis aculeatis elevatis magnis armatis, supra angulum subexcavatis, ultinoa mayno, seriebus quingue papillarum magnarun obtusarum armato, apertura mediocri, postice courc- lala, antice in canalem brevem recurvum desinente, columella crassa, ab anfractu ultimo distinctd, callo magno postico munitd, labro laqueato. PRICKLY Cerrruium. Shell ventricose, thick, white, scattered with red lines and spots, spirally grooved , Tue whorls angular, armed with large elevated pointed tubercles on the angle, rather hollow above the angle, last whorl large, having five rows of large obtuse papille, aperture middle-sized, contracted at the back, ending in a short recurved canal, columella October, 1865. CERITHIUM.—P are II. thick, distinct from the last whorl, having callus, outer lip fluted. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. Cerithium sp. 12. Cerithium mutatum, Sowerby. Hab. Island of Annaa, Society Islands ; Cuming. a large Characterized by large tubercles pointing outwards and upwards. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) CrrirHium ApANson1. Cerith. testd irregulari, elongato- ventricosd, alba, rufo-punctatd, spiraliter striata, tu- berculis acutis extantibus armatd, anfractibus nume- rosis, medio angulatis, apertura parviusculd, callo pos- tico crasso, canali brevi, labro echinato. ApaNson’s CERITHIUM. ventricose, white, with reddish spots, spirally striated, armed with acute standing-out tubercles, whorls nu- Shell irregular, elongated, merous, angular in the centre, aperture rather small, posterior callus thick, canal short, outer lip spinous. Brucurbree, Enc. Méth. t. 1. p. 479. Hab. Island of Annaa; Cuming. Senegal; Adanson. In this species the spinous tubercles are more numerous, and the general surface of the shell more rugose, than in C. echinatum. It is also of a narrower form. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM ADUSTUM. nigrescente, lineis interruptis et nebulis variegatd, spi- Cerith. testé ventricosd, obscure raliter striata, anfractibus ad latera compressiusculis, medio et prope suturam nodulorum seriebus cinctis, apertura utringue canaliculatd, versus spiram elevata, columella postice callo magno instructd, anticé lamel- lata, refleed, canali brevi, labro minute denticulato et punctato. BURNT CERITHTUM. Shell ventricose, obscurely blackish, variegated with imterrupted lines and cloudy spots, spirally striated, whorls slightly compressed at the sides, in the centre and near the suture surrounded with rows of nodules, aperture with a canal at each end, elevated towards the spire, columella with a large callus at the back, lamellated in front and re- flected, canal short, outer lip minutely denticulated and punctured. KreneR, Sp. Conch. p. 37. pl. 13. f. 2. Hab. Galapagos Island ; Cuming. ‘THE A well-known ventricose, cloudily-marked species. Cerithium PA 16.a 18.6 /E ani Vincent Brooks CERITHIUM. Pruate III. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM UNCINATUM. Cerith. testa pyramidatd, acu- minatd, transversim striatd, ad basin nodulis in serie- bus duabus cinctd, albd, fusco marmorata et lineis punetatis ornatd, anfractibus angulatis, medio tuber- culis magnis atratis armatis, apertura parvd, labio interno via callosd, canali brevi, labro subquadrato. Tue HooKED Cerirurum. Shell tapering, acuminate, spirally striated, girt below with two series of ino- dules, white, mottled with brown and ornamented with punctured lines, whorls angular, armed with large black-tipped tubercles, aperture small, inner lip scarcely callous, canal short, outer lip rather square. GMELIN, Murex, n. 57. Cerithium famelicum, C. B. Adams. Hab. Guadaloupe. Species 14. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CeritHium aRMAtTUM. Cerith. testd elongata, acuminata, pallide fulvd, maculis rufo-nigrescentibus variegald, anfractibus numerosis, planis, nodulis magnis, paucis, extantibus prope suturam, et seriebus tribus papillarum parvarum infra cinctis, varicibus ad anfractum ulti- mum uno magno, aliis paucis parvis prope apicem dis- positis, apertura subquadratd, columella tenui, callo postico mediocri, labo crasso, aculeato, canali bre- viusculo, paulo recurvo. THe ARMED CeritHium. Shell elongate, acuminate, pale yellowish-brown, variegated with blackish-red spots, whorls numerous, flat, armed with few large nodules near the suture and three series of small papillee beneath, varices one large on the last whorl and a few others smaller near the apex, aperture ra- ther square, columella thin, with the posterior callus moderate in size, outer lip thick, aculeated, canal ra- ther short, a little recurved. Puiureet, Abbild. pl. 1. f. 9. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming. In this shell the whorls themselves are not angular, but the row of large angular tubercles near the suture give them the appearance of being so. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM UMBONATUM. Cerith. testa pyramidatd, acu- minatd, rubro-fuscescente minute interruptim lineata, anfractibus medio subexcavatis, ad suturam tuberculis magnis distantibus rotundis armatis, ultimo magno, nodulorum seriebus tribus medio et infra ornato, aper- turd magna, labio interno incrassato, callo postico 70- tundo, canali producto, recurvo, labro expanso, incras- sato, postice sinuato, Tun BuokLer Ceriruium. Shell pyramidal, acumi- nated, minutely striped with reddish-brown inter- rupted lines, whorls slightly exeavated in the middle, armed at the suture with large distant rounded tu- bereles, the last large, with three series of nodules in the centre and under, aperture large, inner lip thick, with a rounded posterior callus, canal produced, recurved, outer lip expanded, thickened, sinuated posteriorly. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. sp. 4:0. Hab. Jamaica. Characterized by the expansion of the lower whorls and aperture, and by the boss-like tubercles ranged in a pro- minent row near the suture, and three smaller rows on the lower parts of the whorls. Species 16. (Big. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM CAUDATUM. irregulari, spiraliter striatd, nigrescente, apice varici- Cerith. testd elongata, varicosa, bus et apertura albidis, anfractibus angulatis, superné subexcavatis, ad suturam et ad angulum tuberculis coronatis, infra nodulis parvis seriatim ornatis, aper- turd effusd, labio interno tenui, callo postico magno, canali producto, recurvo, labro subexpanso, ad margi- nem punctato, postice coarctato. TAILED CERITHIUM. irregular, spirally striated, rather black, with the apex THE Shell elongated, varicose, varices and aperture white, whorls angular, hollowed above, crowned with rows of tubercles on the angle and at the suture, and ornamented with three rows of very small nodules beneath, aperture effuse, inner lip thin, with large posterior callus, canal long, re- curved, outer lip rather expanded, spotted at the edge, rather narrowed behind. October, 1865. CERITHIUM.—P tate III. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. sp. 29. Hab. Guadaloupe. More irregular in form than the true C. atratum of | Born, the aperture more expanded, and the canal longer and more defined. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM POLYGONUM. Cerith. testé pyramidatd, al- bidd, grisescente, spiraliter profundé sulcatd, costis magnis rotundis regularibus sequentibus indutd, an- fractibus numerosis, ultimo costd magna infra cincto, apertura intus castaneo fasciatd, canali breviusculo, labro sinuato. THE MANY-sIDED CurtrHium. Shell pyramidal, whitish, tending to grey, spirally deeply grooved, provided with large regular ribs, following each other (from whorl to whorl), whorls numerous, the last girt with a large rib beneath, aperture within banded with chestnut, canal rather short, outer lip sinuated. SoweErsy, Thes. Conch. sp. 22. Hab. Port Essington; Jukes. This species was described by Mr. Sowerby from the incomplete but unique specimen in Mr. Cuming’s collec- tion. The large rounded ribs are continuous from whorl to whorl, so as to give a many-sided form to the shell. Species 18. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM DIALEUCUM. vel griseo et albo alternatim fasciatd, spiraliter costata, | Cerith. testa pyramidata, rubro longitudinaliter plicatd, plicis medio anfractuum an- gulatis, canali producto, subrecurvo. THE HALF-WHITE Cyrirutum. Shell pyramidal, banded with red or grey and white alternately, spirally grooved, longitudinally plicated, the plicee angulated in the centre of the whorls, canal produced, slightly recurved. Pwitiprr, Abbildungen, pl. 1. f. 5. Hab. \sland of 'Ticao, Philippines. This species presents some varieties of colour, but all preserving the general character of dark alternating with white stripes. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM SPLENDENS. Cerith. testa pyramidatd, medio viv ventricosd, grised, varicibus albis, anfructibus nu- merosis, costellis moniliformibus, alternatim nigro- punctatis, spiraliter cinctd, aperturaé ovata, canali brevi, labro subexpanso. SPLENDID CrERITHIUM. Shell pyramidal, very slightly ventricose in the middle, grey, varices white, whorls numerous, spirally girt with little beaded ribs, in which the beads are alternately black and white, aperture ovate, caual short, outer lip expanded. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 101. Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines ; Cuming. THE This shell is much more pyramidal and tapering than moniliferum, which it resembles in other respects. On most of the costella the bead-like tubercles are alternately black. Ld as a la) erithium é £6 , imp CHRIT PLatE Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM MONILIFERUM. Cerith. testd solidd, subovalt, breviusculd, versus apicem attenuata, grisea, varicibus albis, anfractibus paucis, breviusculis, tuberculis nigris ovatis elevatis in seriebus tribus ornatis, interstitis striatis, aperturd brevi, labro crasso crenulato, canali brevi, columella obtusa. BEADED CeEritHium. Shell solid, rather short, tending to oval, narrowing at the apex, grey, with THE white varices, whorls few, rather short, ornamented with black, oval, raised tubercles in three rows, in- terstices striated, aperture short, outer lip thick, cre- nulated, canal short, columella obtuse. Krenpr, Spec. Conch. pl. 16. f. 3. Hab. Island of Panay, Philippines ; Cuming. Shorter and more oval in form than C. splendens. Species 21. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM TUBERCULATUM. Cerith. testa solidd, bre- viusculd, ovatd, versus apicem attenuata, alba, nigro variegata, costis albis tuberculatis rugatis, aperturd | brevi, labro crasso crenulato, columella obtusa. TUBERCULATED CERITHIUM. Shell solid, rather short, oval, tapering towards the apex, white, varie- gated with black, roughened with white tuberculated ribs, aperture short, outer lip thick, crenulated, colu- mella obtuse. Linnavs, Syst. Nat. n. 544. Cerithium carbonarum, Philippi. Hab. Island of Panay, Philippines. THE The tnbercles are larger and closer than in C. monili- Serum. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM ALTERNATUM. Cerith. testa subventricosd, alternatim albo et fusco fasciata, anfractibus suban- gulatis, costis nodulosis acutis et interstitiis striatis fuscis alternatis, aperturd ovali, canali brevi, recurvo. THE ALTERNATED CERITHIUM. Shell ventricose, alter- nately banded with white and brown, whorls rather angular, alternated with sharp nodulous ribs and striated interstices, aperture oval, canal short, re- HIUM. IV. SowrrBy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 98. Hab. Island of Tieao, Philippines ; Cuming. The white, sharply tuberculated ribs, alternating with brown striated interstices, give a very pretty appearance to this species. Species 23. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM OCELLATUM. Cerith. testd pyramidatd, ni- gra, punctis albis depressis in striis sculpld, anfracti- bus rapide erescentibus, angulatis, ad angulum acute tuberculatis, ultimo anfractu subquadrato, mayno, apertura magna, columella brevissima, postice callosc, labro expanso, lirato. Tue EYED CeriTHiuM. Shell pyramidal, black, striated with rows of white punctures, whorls quickly in- creasing, angular, acutely tuberculated at the angle, last whoil rather square, large, aperture large, colu- mella short, with a posterior callus, outer lip ex- panded, lirated. Bruaurbre, Enc. Méth. Cerith. 43. Cerithium irroratum et °C. interruptum, Gould. Hab. Gulf of California. On minute examination, the spiral strie are found to be sculptured with little white lined pits. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) CeritHium TRAILLI. cosd, pallidé fulvd grisescente, varicibus albis, nodulis Cerith. testa pyramidatd, ventyi- parvis regularibus, nigrescentibus in seriebus cinctd, anfractibus rectiusculis, gyradatim crescentibus, ultimo rotundo, apertura rotunda, canali brevi, labro rotundo, expanso, crenulato. TraiLu’s Cerittutum. Shell pyramidal, ventricose, pale- fulvous, tending to grey, with white varices, girt with regular rows of blackish small tubercles, whorls ra- ther straight, gradually increasing, the last round, aperture round, canal short, outer lip round, expanded, crenulated. Sowprsy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 93. Hab. Singapore ; Traill. Of a more xegularly pyramidal form than C. monili- ferum, and much more robust and ventricose than C. curved. October. splendens. , 1865. CERITHIUM.—Ptare IV. Species 25. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM LITTERATUM. Cerith. testa breviusculd, co- | Ceriratum Bornit. Cerith. testa breviusculd, ventri- nico-ventricosd, granuloso-striatd, alba, maculis rubris cosd, nigra, anfractibus tuberculis magnis in seriebus vel nigris quadratis tessellaid, anfractibus paucis, duabus armatis, apertura parva, columella postice cal- prope suturam angulatis, ad angulum tuberculis acutis lost, antic? brevissimd, labro tenut. armatis, ultimo anfractu magno, apertura magnd, sub- | Born’s CerttH1um. Shell rather short, ventricose, black, quadrata, postice in canalem contracto, canali antico whorls armed with large tubercles in two series, aper- breviusculo, labro eapanso, antice producto. ture small, columella with a posterior callus, very Tne LerrereD CreriruiuM. Shell rather short, coni- short in front, outer lip thin. cally ventricose, with granular striae, white, tessel- = Sownrsy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 88. lated with red or black square spots, whorls few. an- Cerithium tuberculatum, Born. gular near the suture, armed with sharp tubercles, fab. Island of Seychelles. last whorl large, aperture large, rather square, pos- ; teriorly contracted into a canal, anterior canal rather short, outer lip expanded, produced in front. Bory, Ind. Mus. Ces. p. 323. t. xi. f. 14, 15. Hab. West Indies. Each whorl has two rows of very large tubercles. Cerithium PL V. oks, img Vincent CERITHIUM. Prate V. Species 27. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CrritHtuM albi, castaneo bifasciatd, anfractibus frequentibus, tri- LEMNISCATUM. Cerith. testd pyramidatd, seriatim acute tuberculatis, medio subangulatis tuber- culis majoribus, apertura breviusculd, canali brevi, rec- | tiusculo, labro incrassato, intus crenulato. THE DECORATED CERITHIUM. Shell pyramidal, white, with two bands of chestnut colour, whorls numerous, with three rows of tubercles, rather angular in the | centre with larger tubercles, aperture rather short, canal short, rather straight, outer lip thick, crenulated within. Quoy, Voyage de l’Astrolabe, pl. 54. f. 16-18. Hab. St. Nicholas, Island of Zebu, Philippines; Cuming. This beautiful shell has a band of dark-chestnut colour on the whorls, near the suture, and another showing only a little above the suture and entirely on the last whorl. It is sharply tuberculated in three rows. Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) CeritHiuM NitTipuM. Cerith. testa subventricosd, fulvd, tuberculis fuscis acutis in seriebus moniliformibus tribus dispositis, armatd, inter tubercula striatd, aper- turd breviusculd, subrotundd, canali mediocri, recurvo, labro crasso, crenulato. Tur NEAT CeritHiuM. Shell rather ventricose, light brown, armed with sharp small dark-brown tubercles, placed in three necklace-like rows, striated between the tubercles, aperture rather short, rounded, canal of middle size, bent backwards, outer lip thick, cre- nulated. Sowrrsy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 100. Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines. There is a peculiar neatness in the sculpture of this spe- The sharply-defined rows of little tubercles are of a darker colour than the groundwork on which they are placed. cies. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM CORALLINUM. elongata, fusco-nigrescente, anfractibus numerosis, sub- Cerith. testé pyramidatd, ventricosis, longitudinaliter plicatis, plicts solidis, ro- tundis, spiraliter tricostatis, et inter striatis, suturd excavatd, apertura ovali, pallidée fulvd, labio interno posticé calloso, labro crasso, intus crenulato. THE CoRALLINE CrritHitm. Shell tapering, long, brown, tending to black, whorls numerous, rather ventricose, longitudinally plicated (the plice solid, round), spirally crossed by three ribs and striated between, suture excavated, aperture oval, pale-brown, inner lip callous at the back, outer lip thick, crenu- lated within. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 59. Hab. Island of Panay, Philippines; Cuming. The whorls in this dark-brown species are characterized by three thick spiral ribs crossing thick longitudinal plaits. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) Cerituitum Novw-Houianpia. Cerith. testé turritd, pyramidati, elongata, angustd, striatd, albd, anfracti- bus numerosis, infra fusco variegatis, plicis longitudi- nalibus, subflecuosis, superne prope suturam tumidis munitis, ultimo anfractu costis tribus tuberculatis cincto, apertura albd, obliqud, canali brevi, subrecurvo, labro subexpanso, intus crenulato. Tue New Houtanp Cerrruium. Shell turreted, pyra- mnidal, elongated, narrow, striated, white, whorls nu- merous, variegated with brown at the lower part, provided with longitudinal rather flexuous_plaits, which are rather tumid above near the suture, the last whorl girt with three tuberculated ribs, aperture white, oblique, canal short, bent a little backwards, outer lip rather expanded, crenulated within. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 63. Hab. New Holland. The upper part of the whorls is banded with white, and the longitudinal plaits or ribs are swelled near the suture. Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM STRIATISSIMUM. Cerith. testd subelongatd, griseo-nigrescente, varicibus numerosis, albis, minute spiraliter striata, striis alternis noduliferis, anfracti- bus subangulotis, nodulis ad angulum et ad suturam paulo majoribus, apertura subovali, posticé contractd, October, 1865. CERITHIUM.—P ate V. canali antico breviusculo, labro incrassato, castaneo prope marginem fasciato. THE MUCH-STRIATED CrrtrHiuM. Shell rather long, blackish-grey, with numerous white varices, minutely striated spirally, the alternate strize beaded, whorls rather angular, the nodules at the angle and at the suture rather larger, aperture oval, contracted posteriorly, anterior canal rather short, outer lip thickened, banded with chestnut near the margin. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 30. Hab. ——? Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) CeriTHiuM aTRatTuM. Cerith. testd turritd, pyramidatd, nigra, varicibus albescentibus, spiraliter striata, striis subgranosis, anfractibus graduatis, angulatis, ad an- gulum tuberculis pliciformibus subacutis cinctis, su- perne subexcavatis, ad suturam tumidis crenulatis, apertura caruled, columella brevi, canali brevi, labro expanso, ad marginem crenulato. Tue BLack CerrrHium. Shell turreted, pyramidal, black, with whitish varices, spirally striated, striz granulated, whorls graduated, angular, circled with plait-like rather sharp tubercles, slightly excavated above the angle, swelled and crenulated at the suture, aperture blue, columella short, canal short, outer lip expanded, crenulated at the margin. Born, Mus. Ces. p. 324. t. 11. f. 17, 18. Had. Sicily. A stout, solid, pyramidal form, of very dark colour. The name has sometimes been applied to the more lightly and irregularly formed shell named C. cawdatus by Mr. Sowerby, but this is doubtless the true shell of Born. Species 33. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM PATULUM. Cerith. tesla brevi, ventricosd, ir- reyulariter varicosd, fuscd, anfractibus longitudinali- ter plicatis, costis duabus spiralibus validis tuberculi- feris cinctis, ultimo magno, distorto, varicoso, apertura expansd, canali rectiusculo, labro crasso, patulo, intus crenato. Tur paruLous CrrirHium. Shell short, ventricose, irregularly varicose, brown, whorls longitudinally pli- cated, encircled with two strong tuberculated spiral ribs, last whorl large, distorted, varicose, aperture ex- panded, canal rather straight, outer lip thickened, patulous, crenulated within. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 97. Hab. Island of Panay, Philippines ; Cuming. This species is remarkable for the expanded outer lip of the aperture. Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) CreritHitm pBieasctatum. Cerith. testd breviusculd, so- lida, striatd, albd, fasciis latis castaneis cinctd, an- fractibus paucis, in seriebus tribus tuberculatis, ultimo bifasciato, sericbus tuberculorum sex seulptd, apertura brevi, canali brevi, labro crasso, crenulato. THE DOUBLE-BANDED CERITHIUM. Shell rather short, solid, striated, white, encircled with broad chestnut bands, whorls few, tuberculated in three rows, the last with two bands and six rows of tubercles, aper- ture short, canal short, outer lip thick, crenulated. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 110. Hab. St. Nicholas, Island of Zebu, Philippines ; Cuming. Shorter and thicker than C. Zemniscatum, and having the tubercles rounded, instead of being sharply angular, as in that species. - - - a Cerithium Pt V1. 39 Sowerby, del. et lith Vincent Brooks, h CERITHIUM. Puate VI. Species 35. (Fig, a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM EBURNEUM. acuminata, albd, plerumque maculis rufo-fuscis seu Cerith. testé turritd, elongata, nigrescentibus irregulariter variegatd, varicibus irre- gularibus, albis, anfractibus medio angulatis, tubercu- lorum seriebus tribus cinctis, tuberculis ad angulum acutangulatis, ad suturam subrotundatis, apertura subrotundd, canali breviusculo, labro crasso, subexpanso. “THe ivory Cerituium. Shell turreted, elongated, acu- minated, white, generally variegated with irregular | spots (or patches) of reddish-brown or blackish, varices irregular, white, whorls angular in the mid- dle, encircled with three rows of tubercles, tubercles acute at the angle rather rounded at the suture, aper- ture rather rounded, canal rather short, outer lip thick, rather expanded. Bruaurbre, Ene. Méth. n. 41. Cerithium algicola, C. B. Adams. Hab. Jamaica. This pretty species is subject to great variations in co- louring. Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM PURPURASCENS. Cerith. testa brevi, ventri- cosd, conicd, pallidé purpured, tuberculis acutis rubro- maculatis seriatim cinctd, varicibus albis, anfractibus angulatis, apertura ovali, canali longiusculo, labro subexpanso, intus crenulato. PURPLISH CERITHIUM. conical, pale-purple, with sharp tubercles coloured THE Shell short, ventricose, with reddish-brown spots, varices white, whorls an- | gulated, aperture oval, canal rather long, outer lip rather expanded, crenulated within. SowprBy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 99. Hab. Philippines ; Cuming. The shell figured may be regarded as the type of a spe- cies which presents many varieties of colouring. Species 37. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CeRITHIUM SANDVICHENSE. ventricosd, alba, spiraliter tenuiter liratd, longitudina- liter plicis rotundis validis costatd, anfractibus novem Cerith. testa breviusculd, ovatd, canali brevi, labro recurvo. Tue Sanpwicu-Istanp Ceriruium. Shell rather short, | ventricose, white, spirally lirated, longitudinally | ribbed with strong rounded plaits, whorls nine, rather ventricose, the last rather oval, produced into a beak, aperture oval, canal short, outer lip turned inwards. | SoWERBY. | Hab. Sandwich Islands. | subventricosis, ultimo subovali, subrostrato, aperturd | } i} The only specimen we have of this ventricose white _ shell is not fully formed in the aperture, being incomplete. Species 38. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM SEMIFERRUGINEUM. Cerith. testa brevius- culd, ventricosd, alba, maculis magnis et punctis fer- | rugineis irregulariter pictd, spiraliter striata, anfrac- tibus paucis, superne angulatis, ad angulum tuberculis magnis, subacutis, et infra prope suturam tuberculis minoribus armatis, ultimo magno, seriatim tuberculato, apertura magna, superné contractd, canali mediocri, subrecurvo, labro expanso, subquadrato. IRON-PAINTED CrrtraiumM. Shell rather short, ventricose, white, irregularly painted with large spots THE and dots of a ferrugineous colour, spirally striated, whorls few, angular above, armed at the angle with large rather sharp tubercles and near the suture with | smaller ones, last whorl large, with rows of tubercles, | aperture large, narrowed above, canal middle-sized, slightly recurved, outer lip expanded, rather square. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. Cerithium tuberculatum, Sowerby. Hab. West Indies. Very similar in form to C. /itleratum, but it is smoother between the ridges, and the colouring is laid on in irregu- lar patches. Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM FENESTRATUM. Cerith. testd pyramidata, acuminata, albd, varicosd, anfractibus longitudinaliter plicatis, et costellis acutis spiralibus cancellatis, in- terstitiis castaneis, aperturd rotundd, labro crasso, intus crenato. October, 1865. CERITHIUM.—Puare VI. THe winpow CeritHtum. Shell tapering, acuminated, white, varicose, whorls longitudinally plaited and cancellated by the crossing of sharp spiral ribs, in- terstices chestnut-colour, aperture rounded, outer hip thick, crenulated within. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 46. Hab. P) The peculiarity of this shell consists in the square hol- lows formed between the longitudinal plaits and the raised spiral lines which cross them. Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM MUsIcUM. Cerith. testd brevi, subventricosd, albd, nigro-lineatéd et maculata, anfractibus paucis, | supra medium angulatis, inter angulum et suturam ex- | cavatis, ultimo anfractu magno, ovali, apertura effusa, | canali brevissimo, obliquo. | Tae mustc CERITHIUM. Shell short, rather ventricose, | white, with black lines and spots, whorls few, angu- lated above the centre, rather hollow between the angle and the suture, last whorl large, oval, aperture effuse, canal very short, oblique. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 68. | Hab. —— ? The proportions of this shell are very different from | those of C. vulgatum, the last whorl occupying more than _ half the length. In characteristic specimens the music- like lines are crossed by lines and spots. 7 : i ¢ m a i, ; 1 oe a c ' 1 i i 7 - i i - ‘ : : i i : ’ | " : ’ j i > + z i i f : , 7 n ' ry 1 . Sowerby, del et lith Cerithuum PL. V, Vincent Brooks, CERITHIUM. Puate VII. Species 41. (Fig. a, 4, ce, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM VARIEGATUM. apice acuminata, alba, fulvo et aurantio variegatd vel Cerith. testa brevi, ventricosd, JSusco-nigrescente, anfractibus irregularibus, duobus ulti- mis inflatis, nodulis parvis levigatis in seriebus dispo- sitis cinctis, apertura albd, subovali, canali brevi. THE VARIEGATED CrrrrHium. Shell short, ventricose, acuminate at the apex, white, varied with fawn and orange or blackish-brown, whorls irregular, the last | two inflated, girt with rows of small smooth tuber- | cles, aperture white, rather oval, canal short. Quoy, Voy. de l’Astrolabe, pl. 55. f. 17. Hab, Philippines; Cuming. Remarkable for the variations which occur in the co- | louring of different specimens, of which the three shells figured may be considered a sample; in all, the darker colours are upon the rows of nodules in interrupted lines. Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.) CeritHtum Morts. atratd, striata, anfractibus seriebus tribus tuberculo- Cerith. testa ovali, brevi, ventricosa, | rum cinctd, tuberculis rotundis levibus, apertura brevi, ovatd, canali brevi, labro crasso, intus ad marginem teniato. THE MULBERRY CerrrHtumM. Shell oval, short, ventricose, black, striated, whorls encireled with three rows of tubercles, tubercles rounded, smooth, aperture short, oval, canal short, outer lip thick, striped at the mar- gin within. | THe stout CERITHIUM. Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans vert. Hab. Red Sea. Madagascar. | Some varieties of this species are variegated with lighter | colours, similar to those of C. variegata; but the more | solid and regular rows of tubercles and more regular form | sufficiently distinguish this species from the latter. Species 43. (Fig. a, 46, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM PETROSUM. Cerith. testd brevi, ventricosd, irregulariter pupaformi, varicosd et tuberculatd, pal- lidé fulvd, tuberculis irregularibus seriatim sequenti- bus, varié albis et nigris, apertura ovatd, canali dis- tincto, brevi, labro tenut, intus crenulato. October, Tue stony Ceriraium. Shell short, ventricose, irre- gularly pupeeform, varicose and tuberculated, pale fulvous, tubercles in irregular rows, variously white and black, aperture ovate, canal distinct, short, outer lip thin, crenulated within. Woop, Ind. Test. Suppl. pl. 4. f. 9. Hab. Bast Indian Archipelago. Differing from C. variegatum in being more ventricose and irregular ; the tubercles are larger and coarser, giving the shell an appearance of being set with black and white pebbles of different sizes. Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.) Ceriruium ropustum. Cerith. testd pyramidali, solida, ventricosd, alba, spiraliter striatd, anfractibus grada- tim crescentibus, costis spiralibus tribus striatis cras- sis tuberculiferis cinctis, interstitiis ceruleis minute scabroso striatis, ultimo costis septem, varicibus nullis, apertura ovatd, intus nigro fasciatd, canali valido, labro subeapanso. Shell pyramidal, solid, ventri- cose, white, spirally striated, whorls gradually en- larged, with three spiral, tuberculated, striated, thick ribs, interstices blue, minutely and roughly striated, the last whorl with seven ribs, varices none, aperture ovate, black-banded within, canal strong, outer lip rather expanded. SOWERBY. Hab. Of this species only one specimen exists in Mr. Cu- ming’s collection; it is amore solid shell and more regu- The ribs are thicker ? larly pyramidal than C. adfernatum. The colour between the ribs is grey d and striated. Species 45. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) CrERITHIUM RUGOSUM. Cerith. testd crassa, ventricosd, grised, varicibus albis, irregularibus, anfractibus pan- cis, longitudinaliter plicatis, costis tribus (ultimo plu- rimis) rudé tuberculalis cinelis, inter tubercula macu- lis nigris pictis, apertura brevi, canali brevissimo, labro crasso, intus crenato. Tur roucH CeRItHIuM. Shell thick, ventricose, grey, 1865. CERITHIUM.—Purats VII. with white irregular varices, whorls few, longitudi- | nally plicated, encircled with three (the last with more) roughly tuberculated ribs, painted with black | spots between the tubercles, aperture short, canal very short, outer lip thick, erenulated within. Woop, Ind. Test. Suppl. pl. 4. f. 10. Cerithium breve, Quoy. Hab. Philippines; Cuming. The tubercles in this species are in longitudinal rows, so as to form plice, which are rendered more conspicuous by the black spots on the ribs between them. Species 46. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM BREVICULUM. Cerith. testd brevissimd, ven- tricosd, nigrescente, tuberculorum seriebus cinctd, an- fractibus paucis, apertura ovali, alba, canali brevissimo, labro intus crenato. Tue sort CEritHiuM. Shell very short, ventricose, nearly black, encircled with rows of tubercles, whorls few, aperture oval, white, canal very short, outer lip crenulated. Sowerby, Genera of Shells, Cerithium f. 1. | Hab. Philippines; Cuming. This short, stout little shell is not likely to be con- founded with any other species of the genus. - 7 a 7 . ; 7 - : 2 7 0 -_ oe Corithium = PLVT, 48.b. 50.6 OF Vincent, Brooks, Imp. Sowerby, delet ith CH ket tH hw M:. PLATE Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) CeritHium rustrorMr. Cerith. testa elongato-turritd, striata, longitudinaliter plicata, albd, inter plicas cas- taned, plicis tuberculiferis, anfractibus medio angula- tis, ultimo infra costis duabus moniliformibus cincto, apertura eapansd, postice angustatd, canali elongato, angustato, obliquo, labro expanso, acut? laqueato. FUSIFORM CrRITHLUM. striated, longitudinally plicated, white, between the THE Shell elongately turreted, plaits chestnut-painted, plaits tubereulated, whorls angular in the middle, the last girt with two beaded ribs below, aperture expanded, narrowed at the upper part, canal long, narrow, oblique, outer hp expanded, acutely fluted. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 52. Hab. Philippines ; Cuaing. This little shell is remarkable for the length of its nar- row canal and for the elegant sharp fluting of the expanded outer lip. Species 48. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM coRONATUM. Cerith. testa oblongo-turritd, minute scabrd, aurantid, anfractibus scalatis, superne ad suturam albis, tumidis, tuberculis puucis magnis scabrosis coronatis, infra rectiusculis, apertura sub- quadratd, expansd, canali producto, angusto, labro variciformi. THE CORONATED CERITHIUM. minutely scabrous, orange-coloured, whorls in steps, Shell oblong-turreted, above at the suture white, swelled, and coronated rather straight, aperture rather square, expanded, canal pro- with few large scabrous tubercles, below duced, narrow, outer lip in the form of a varix. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Cerithium sp. 57. Hab. Philippines; Cuming. The white band and row of large tubereles at the top of each whorl in this species, gives it a peculiarity of ap- pearance that distinguishes it from all others. Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM GRACILIFORMB. Cerith. testd angustd, elon- gata, minute seriatin tuberculiferd, alba, fulvo va- | riegatd, varicibus magnis, irregularibus, anfractibus October, VIll. numerosis, subangulatis, apertura ovali, canali brevi aperto. THe sLENDER CertrHioM. Shell narrow and long, minutely tuberculated in rows, white, variegated with light fawn, varices large, irregular, whorls numerous, slightly angulated, aperture oval, canal short, open. SOWERBY. Hab, ——? Much more elongated than C@. eburneum (sp. 35), and having much less angular whorls. Species 50. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM SPATHULIFERUM. Cerith. testd pyramidata, striatd, albidd, longitudinaliter plicatd, anfractibus rectiusculis, medio et infra seriebus duabus (ultimo tribus) tubercnlorum armatis, tuberculis productis, planulatis, aperturd obliqua, postice angustatd, canali producto, anguslo, labro subdigitato. THE SPADE CERITHIUM. whitish, longitudinally plaited, whorls rather straight, Shell pyramidal, striated, armed at the middle and below with two rows of large produced flattened tubercles (three in the last whorl), aperture oblique, narrowed behind, canal produced, narrow, outer lip rather digitated. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Cerithiu Hab. ? sp. 3%. The tubercles in this species are flattened into a spade- like shape. Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.) CeritHium Gurntacum. Cerith. testd breviusculd, ven- tricosd, leviter striatd, albd, epidermide fusco-virides- cente, in fasciam latam indutd, anfractibus longitudina- liter plicatis, plicis maynis, rotundis, supra ad suturas tumidis, apertura magna, canali brevet, labro simplict. THe Gurvea-coast Crerirutum, Shell rather short, ventricose, lightly striated, white, covered with a ereenish-brown epidermis in a broad band, whorls longitudinally plicated, plaits large, rounded, tumid at the upper part near the suture, aperture large, canal short, outer lip simple. Purtreer, Abbildungen, pl. 1. f. 13. Hab. Lord Hood’s Island, coast of Guinea; Cuming. 1865. CERITHIUM.—Ptate VIII. As in some one or two species of many other genera, the band of colouring matter resides in the epidermis and comes off with it, leaving the shell white. Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM scaBRIDUM. Cerith. lestd oblongo-turritd, spiraliter striata, scabra, alba, castaneo irregulariter strigato et maculato, anfractibus medio angulatis, ad angulum acute tuberculiferis, apertura ovali, canali mediocri, aperto, labro expanso. ROUGHENED CorttHtuM. Shell oblong-turreted, spirally striated, scabrous, white, irregularly striped and spotted with chestnut, whorls angular in the middle, with acute tubercles on the angle, aperture oval, canal middle-sized, open, outer lip expanded. PHILIPPI. Hab. ? THe A bright little species, with angular whorls and white angular plaits. Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.) CrritHiumM MerpirerraNngum. Cerith. testa oblongo- turritd, spiraliter lineis impressis striatd, albido-sub- | ceruled, castaneo-nigrescente maculata et strigatd, an- | Sractibus angulatis, ad suturam tuberculis numerosis | rotundis, ad angulum magnis, productis, cinctis, ultimo anfractu depresso, subcontracto, apertura parva, canali brevi, aperto, labro simplict. Tor MeprrerraNeEAN CeriruiuM. Shell oblong-tur- reted, spirally striated with impressed lines, whitish- grey, spotted and striped with very dark chestnut- colour, whorls angulated, circled at the suture with numerous rounded tubercles and at the angle with large prominent ones, last whorl depressed, rather contracted, aperture small, canal short, open, outer lip simple. Desuayes, ed. Lamarck, t. ix. p. 292. Cerithium fuscatum, Costa. Hab. Mediterranean. A well-known form, subject to considerable variation of colour. Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM SUTURALE. Cerith. testd breviusculd, scabroso- striata, alba, ad suturam et lined purpurea cinctd, apice purpureo, anfractibus numerosis, plicis tuberculi- feris magnis, medio angulatis munitis, aperturd pared, subrotunda, canali brevi, labro crenulato. THe sutuRED CerirHium. Shell rather short, with scabrous strize, white, with a purple hne at the su- ture, apex purple, whorls numerous, provided with large tuberculated plice, angular in the middle, aper- ture small, rather round, canal short, outer lip cre- nulated. Puruipri, Abbildungen, Cerith. t. i. f. 4. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines; Cuming. Distinguished by the purplish line girding the whorls at | their sriure. i nit wah | Poe v & ee i - oy . : : ; yo a 7 , ; ” i - 7 : 4 : fi i : en Lee 1a r ot 5 i y i) : i . ' i i i bs \ : \ | i f : neared x ‘ Species 90. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) | que) cinctis, interstitiis minute tuberculatis anfractu CerrrHium steHonatuM. Cerith. testd brevi, rugosa, ultimo subovali, apertura breviusculd, canali brevi, alba, voricosi, anfractibus subangulatis, spiraliter aperto. striatis, plicatis, ultimo brevi, infra spiraliter bicostato, | THB VARIABLE CeritHium. Shell small, rather short, apertura parva, canali longicaudato, recurvo. grey, with black tubercles, whorls rather ventricose, THE SIPHONED CrrirHium. Shell short, rough, white, | girt with three (the last with five) rows of black varicose, whorls rather angular, spirally striated, oval tubercles, interstices minutely tuberculated, last plaited, the last short spirally double-ribbed below, | whorl rather oval, aperturer ather short, canal short, aperture small, canal long, recurved. | open. SoWERBY. C. B. Apams. < Hab. ? | Hab. ——? This is a very curiously sculptured and shaped white species, with a very long upturned canal. Crrithium FEXW a2. Sowerby del.et ith Vincent Brooks, Imp. CERITHIUM. PLatTE XIV; Species 92. CERITHIUM FERRUGINEUM. culd, subpupeformi, fusca, longitudinaliter plicata ; Cerith. testa parva, brevius- anfractibus paucis, seriebus tribus tuberculorum cinctis, tuberculis ovalibus nigrescentibus ; aperturd subovali, . labro incrassato, intus crenalo, columella brevissimd, canali brevi, aperto. THE RUSTY CerttHIUM. Shell small, rather short, rather pupeform, brown, longitudinally plicated; whorls few, encircled by three rows of tubercles, tubercles oval, blackish; aperture rather oval, outer lip thick- ened, crenulated within, columella very short, canal short, open. Say, Amer. Conch. pl. 49. f. 9. Cerithium variabile, C. B. Adams? Cerithium versicolor, C, B. Adams ? Hab. Jamaica. This species includes many varieties in colouring, among which the dark-brown one figured is the most prevalent. Species 93. CERITHIUM INTERSTRIATUM. Cerith. testd oblonga, sub- cylindraced, albidd, fulvo pallide variegatd, alternatim costulis granosis, et lineis elevatis levibus, spiraliter cincld ; anfractibus rectiusculis ; apertura parvd, sub- quadratd, labro expanso, extus laqueato, columella rec- tiusculd, canali brevi. INTERSTRIATED CeRITHIUM. Shell oblong, rather eylindrical, whitish, variegated with pale yellowish- brown, spirally girt with small granular ribs, alter- nating with elevated smooth lines; whorls rather straight ; aperture small, rather square, outer lip ex- panded, fluted outside, columella rather straight, canal short. SoweErsy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium, sp. 122. f. 216. Hab. o This pretty little specimen is very remarkable in its sculpture, which consists of alternate rows of beads, and THE threadlike smooth lines. Species 94. CerRITHIUM CLAVIS., ced, albi, fulvo pallidissime fasciatim suffusd ; anfrac- tibus numerosis, rectiusculis, seriebus tribus tubercu- Cerith. testa elongata, subcylindra- lorum cinctis, tuberculis acutis, magnis; apertura pared, labro validé expanso, extus laqueato, columella elongatd, rectiusculd, THE KEY CrritHiuM. Shell long, subeylindrical, white, suffused with very plain brown; whorls numerous, rather straight, girt with three rows of sharp, large tubercles ; aperture small, outer lip much expanded, fluted outside, columella elongated, rather straight. SOWERBY. Hab. ——? At first sight this shell resembles the C. inderstriatum (Sp. 93), having a rather similar clavate form, result- ing from the expansion of the outer lip; but the sculpture consists of three rows of large, sharp tubercles. Species 95. CERITHIUM ROSTRATUM. data, tenui, alba, longitudinaliter plicatd, spiraliter Cerith. testa eleganter pyrami- costatd, inter costas lineatim punctatd, irregulariter varicosd ; anfractibus numerosis, plicis longitudinalibus subrotundis ; apertura subovali, labro expanso, extus laqueato, canali elongato, recurvo, angusto, plerumque nigrescente, BEAKED CERITHIUM. thin, white, longitudinally plicated, spirally mibbed, between the ribs spotted in lines, irregularly varicose ; whorls numerous, longitudinal, plaits rather round ; aperture rather oval, outer lip expanded, fluted with- out, canal elongated, recurved, narrow, generally tipped with black. Sowrrsy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium, sp. 50. f. 104. Cerithium gracile, Pease. Hab. Philippines, Cuming. ‘THE Shell elegantly pyramidal, Sandwich Islands, Pease. This elegantly-tapering shell is remarkable for the pro- duced, straight-truncated canal, which, in most specimens, is tipped with black. December, 1865. CERITHIUM.—Ptare XIV. Species 96. CERITHIUM ASPERUM. Cerith. testa pyramidatd, acu- minata, fuscd, longitudinaliter plicatd, lineis castaneis noduliferis regulariter cinctd, inter lineas minute stri- ata; anfractibus novem, ultimis subangulatis, nodulis acutis; aperturd breviusculd, labro crasso, crenulato, canali brevi, aperto. THE ROUGHENED CeEritHIuM. Shell pyramidal, acu- minated, brown, longitudinally plicated, regularly girt with chestnut noduliferous lines, between the lines minutely striated; whorls nine, the last rather angulated, nodules sharp; aperture rather short, outer lip thick, crenulated, canal short, open. Pease, Pro. Zool. Soe. Hab. Sandwich Islands. The colour of this pretty little species is pale-brown, and the lines of tubercles are defined by their dark-chest- nut colour. Species. 97. CERITHIUM MACULOSUM. Cerith. testd brevi, ovali, lon- gitudinaliter plicatd, alba, punctis fuscis minutis sparsd, ad suturam inter nodulos maculatd ; anfractibus quin- que ad suturam crenatis, supra medium angulatis, ad angulum plicatis, plicis magnis, distantibus ; anfractu ultimo striato; apertura subovali, labro imcrassato, lineatim maculato, canali brevissimo, lineari. Tue sporrep CreritrHi1uM. Shell short, oval, longitu- dinally plicated, white, sprinkled with minute brown spots, spotted at the suture between the nodules; whorls five, crenated at the suture, angulated above the middle, plicated at the angle, plaits large and distant, the last whorl striated ; aperture rather oval, outer lip thickened, linearly spotted, canal very short, linear. MIGHasLs. Hab. A narrower shell than C. nassoides, with a striated sur- face. ? Species 98. CHRITHIUM CRASSILABRUM. Cerith. testd parva, pyrami- data, scabra, alba, punctata ; anfractibus octo, costellatis, supra medium angulatis, ad suturam moniliferis, ad angulum et infra costellis tuberculiferis duabus cum lineis elevatis in- termediis cinctis ; apertura lata, subrotundd, columella castaneo, sparsim maculata et breviusculd, canali brevi, lineart labro subexpanso, erenulato, punctato. THE THICK-LIPPED CrrRtrHiuM. Shell small, pyra- midal, scabrous, white, sparingly spotted and dotted with chestnut ; whorls eight, ribbed, angulated above the middle, beaded at the suture, girt at and under the angle with two tuberculated ribs and interme- diate elevated lines; aperture wide, rather round, columella rather short, canal short, linear, outer lip slightly expanded, crenulated, spotted. Krauss, Ind. Moll. t. vi. f. 10. Hab. Port Natal. A small shell, with angular whorls, not unlike some varieties of C. mediterraneum, but more delicately sculp- tured and finely punctured. Cerithium F1. XV. 701. 104. WE. Sowerby, delet lith . Yincent Brooks Imp. CERITHIUM. Prats XV. Species 99. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM UNILINEATUM. Cerith. testd pared, albd, punctis pallidis aspersd, ad suturam lined unicd spiral rubro-fuscé cincld, longitudinaliter subcostatd, spira- liter striata, varicibus subfrequentibus; apertura parva, canali brevissimo. THE SINGLE-LINED CrrtrHtum. Shell small, white, sprinkled with pale spots, girt at the suture with a single, spiral, red-brown line, longitudinally slightly ribbed, spirally striated, varices rather frequent ; aperture small, canal very short. PEASE. Hab. Sandwich Islands. A pretty little white shell, with a dark reddish-brown oeaded line at the suture. Species 100. (Mus. Cuming.) CeritHium Ianrutnum. Cerith. testd parva, pyrami- data, alba, infra fammulis fuscis pictd, spiraliter no- duloso-striatd ; anfractibus numerosis, supra medium angulatis ; aperturé pared, canali brevi. Tue Tanrninum Cerituium. Shell small, tapering, white, painted beneath with flame-like dashes of brown, spirally girt with nodulous striee ; whorls nu- merous, angulated above the middle; aperture small, canal short. GouLp, Otia, p. 63. Hab. Clermont Tonnerre, U.S. From Mr. Cuming’s specimen of this species, which does not exhibit the stmallest trace of purple colour, it is difficult to divine the reason for the name Lanthinuin being given to it. Species 101. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM EGENUM. Cerith. testa pyramidatd, alli, spiraliter liratd, scabrd; anfractibus numerosis, rec- tiusculis, suturd excavatd ; aperturi paulo expansd, labro crasso, canali brevi, distincto. THE Pook CeritHiuM, Shell pyramidal, white, spirally ridged, scabrous; whorls numerous, rather straight, suture excavated; aperture a little expanded, outer lip thick, canal short, distant. GouLD, Otia, p. 62. Hab. Wilson’s Island. Resembling C. dactewm, but smaller, and more varicose. Species 102. (Mus. Cuming.) Crnituium Fucatum. Cerith. testé breviusculd, conied, pallide fulvd, anfractibus novem, costis tribus noduli- feris cinctis (ultimo quingue), inter nodulos rufo punc- tatis, suturd excavatd ; labro subexpanso, antice in- curvo, columella rectiusculd, canali subclauso. THE coLouRED CrritHium. Shell rather short, conical, pale-fawn ; whorls nine, encircled by three nodulous ribs, between the nodules spotted with red, suture excavated, outer lip rather expanded, curved in- wards in front, columella rather straight, canal partly closed. PrAsE. Hab. Sandwich Islands. The whorls are ornamented with beaded ridges, deli- cately spotted between the bends. Species 103. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM RARI-MACULATUM. vata, albd, maculis fuscis raris pictd, spiraliter striata ; anfractibus medio subangulatis, tuberculis rotundis magnis ornatis; apertura parvd, canali brevi, labro Cerith. testé pared, ele- simplici. THE rEW-sPoTTED CrRITHIUM. Shell small, elevated, white, painted with a few brown spots, spirally striated; whorls slightly angulated in the middle, ornamented with large rounded tubercles; aperture small, canal short, outer lip simple. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. sp. 113. fol. 183. f. 204. Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines. Species 104. (Mus, Cuming.) Cerituium CaLtrornim. Cerith. testd brevi, ovali, ob- tusd, alba, maculis quadratis fuscis, irregularibus picta, December, 1865. CERITHIUM.—Puate XV. spiraliter minute strialdé ; anfractibus brevibus, rec- tiusculis, triseriatim tuberculiferis ; apertura subquad- ratd, columella rectiusculd, canali brevi. Tue CaLirorNIAN Crritutum. Shell short, oval, ob- tuse, white, painted with dark, square, irregular spots, spirally minutely striated ; whorls short, rather straight, with tubercles in three rows; aperture rather square, columella rather straight, canal short. SOWERBY. Hab. California. Species 105. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM NivosuM. Cerith. testd brevi, subventricosd, alba, spiraliter striata ; anfractibus paucis, ventricosis, triseriatim noduliferis ; apertura expansd, labro intus subcrenulato, columella brevi, canali brevissimo. Tue snowy CrerirHium. Shell short, rather ventricose, white, spirally striated; whorls few, ventricose, with nodules in three rows; aperture expanded, outer lip slightly crenulated within, columella short, canal very short. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. sp. 115. f. 205. Hab, ——? Species 106. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM CHLATUM. pallida, anfractibus novem, rectiusculis, tuberculorum Cerith. testé conico-pyramidatéa, seriebus tribus armatis, tuberculis productis, longitudi- naliter oblongis, suturd excavatd ; anfractu ultimo in- Sra bicostato ; apertura subovali, canali brevi, aperto. THE EMBossED Crrtruium. Shell conically pyramidal, pale; whorls nine, rather straight, armed with three rows of tubercles, tubercles prominent, longitudinally oblong, suture excavated; last whorl with two ribs beneath ; aperture rather oval, canal short, open. GOULD, Otia, p. 62. Hab. Tierra del Fuego. The tubercles, in three spiral rows, are of a peculiar oblong form, and very prominent and regular. Species 107. (Mus. Cuming.) CreritHium RissorpE. Cerith. testd parva, subventri- cosa, acuminata, alba ; anfractibus paucis, spiraliter striatis, longitudinaliter plicatis, ad suturam supra et infra medium triseriatim tuberculiferis, sutura sub- excavatd, ultimo anfractu infra alternatim lirato ; apertura ovali, labro expanso, intus inerassato, validé plicato, columella brevi, canali brevissimo, aperto. THe Rrssoa-LIKE CeritHium. Shell small, rather ven- tricose, acuminated, white; whorls few, spirally stri- ated, longitudinally plaited, with three rows of tu- bercles at the suture, and above and below the centre, suture rather hollow; last whorl alternately ridged beneath; aperture oval, outer lip expanded, thick- ened within, columella short, canal very short, open. SoOWERBY. Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Indies. Species 108. (Mus. Cuming.) CeritHium THomastm. Cerith. testd subventricosd, albd, sparsim rubro-maculatd, longitudinaliter plicatd, plicis tuberculis rotundis, levibus quatuor armatis, interstitiis spiraliter striatis ; anfractu ultimo infra costato, inter costas minute lirato ; apertura subovali, labro expanso, intus inerassato, plicato, canali obliquo, brevi, semi- clauso. Sr. Tuomas’s Ceriruium. Shell rather ventricose, white, with a few reddish spots, longitudinally plaited, plaits armed with four round, smooth tubercles, in- terstices spirally striated; last whorl ribbed beneath, between the ribs minutely striated; aperture rather oval, outer lip expanded, thickened and plaited with- in, canal oblique, short, partly closed. SOWERBY. Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Indies. Ceortthiam Pl. AVT 17C. WZ2Ra Sowerby, del. et lith Vincent Brooks, Imp. Chi Eta PLATE Species 109. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM ALBO-LIRATUM. Cerith. test@ minutd, co- nicd, alba, longitudinaliter plicatd ; anfractibus paucis, subangulatis, supra minute liratis, infra prope suturam bicostatis, liris proximis, costis crenatis, subdistantibus, iuterstitiis foveolatis ; apertura fusiformi, canali bre- viusculo, valde aperto. WHITE-RIDGED CrritHivum. Shell minute, conical, white, longitudinally plaited ; whorls few, rather an- gular, above minutely ridged, beneath, near the su- ture, double-ribbed, ridges close, ribs crenated, rather distant, interstices hollow; aperture fusiform, cana! rather short, very open. CarPENnTER, Mazatlan Report, sp. 336. Hab. Mazatlan. THE No mature specimens have yet been found of this inter- esting little species. Species 110. CERITHIUM Sayi. anfractibus paucis, subventricosis, longiludinaliter pli- Cerith. lesté pared, ovali, nigrescente ; catis, spiraliter quadricostatis, costis super plicis tuber- culiferis, suturd excavatd ; ultimo anfractu infra cos- tato; apertura subquadratd, labro interno, expanso, columella sublortuosd, canali brevissimo, aperto. Say’s Crriruium. Shell small, oval, nearly black ; whorls few, subventricose, longitudinally plicated, spirally four-ribbed, ribs tuberculated on the plaits, suture hollow; last whorl ribbed beneath ; aperture rather square, inner lip expanded, columella rather | twisted, canal very short, open. MENKE. Cerithium nigrum, Totten. Hab. North America. A very small, darkly-coloured shell, with four tubercu- lated ribs on each whorl. Species 111. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM MUVABILE. Cerith. testd parvd, nigrescente, solidd, spiraliter sulcatd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis | XVI. distantibus, interstitiis planis ; anfractibus rectiusculis, ad suturam unicostatis ; apertura subtrigond, columella brevi, obtusa, labro subincrassato, canali brevi. THE CHANGEABLE CerriTHiumM. Shell small, nearly black, solid, spirally suleated, longitudinally ribbed, ribs distant, interstices flat; whorls rather straight, with a rib at the suture; aperture rather triangular, columella short, obtuse, outer lip rather thickened, canal short. C. B. ADAMs. Hab. West Indies. Only one variety of this shell appears in Mr. Cuming’s collection. Species 112. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM DELECTUM. nute seriatim granulatd, violaced seu rosed, seu albé Cerith. testd parva, gracili, mi- minute puactatd, varicibus validis, albis ; anfractibus medianis paulo inflatis, apice numerato; apertura parvd, columella oblusd, brevi, canali aperto. THE CHOSEN CrrirHiuM. Shell small, thin, minutely granulated in rows, violet or pink, or white with mi- nute dots, varices thick, white; middle whorls slightly inflated, apex sharp; aperture small, columella ob- tuse, short, canal open. A. ADAMS. Hab. Gallapagos Islands. Species 113. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM LUTOSUM, longitudinaliter plicatd ; anfractibus paucis, subventri- cosis, sertebus tribus tuberculorum armatis, inter tu- bercula liris elevatis cinctis; ultimo anfractu infra alternalim costato et lirato; apertura subquadrata, Cerith. testa brevi, nigrescente, columella lata, laminata, labro intus incrassato, sub- crenulato, canali obliquo, brevi. pirty CERiTHIuM. Shell short, rather black, lon- gitudinally plaited; whorls few, rather ventricose, armed with three rows of tubercles, with ridges be- tween the tubercles; last whorl alternately ribbed THE and ridged beneath ; aperture rather square, columella December, 1865. CERITHIUM.—Puare XVI. broad laminated, outer lip thickened and crenulated within, canal oblique, short. MENKE, Synopsis. Hab, West Indies. Species 114. (Mus. Cuming.) CerITHIUM BaHTICUM. Cerith. testd angustd, subcylin- draced, varicosd, fulvd ; anfractibus vix inflatis, costis fuscis, planatis, angustis, et lineis elevatis, crenatis punctatis, alternatim cinctis ; apertura pared, canali brevi. THE DARK-BROWN CeRITHIUM. Shell narrow, rather cylindrical, varicose, fawn-coloured; the whorls slightly inflated, encircled with dark-brown, flat, narrow ribs, and elevated, crenulated, punctured lines alternately; aperture small, canal short. PEASE. Hab. Sandwich Islands. The general dark-brown appearance of this pretty little shell is produced by the flattened ribs, which are very dark and distinct; between these are crenulated ridges with spots between the nodules, Species 115. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM PaXILLUM. Cerith. testa parva, ovali, ventri- cosa, fusca, longitudinaliter plicatd, super plicas spira- liter tuberculatd, inter tubercula spiraliter striatis ; anfractibus paucis, subventricosis, ultimo magno, tuber- culis minoribus ; apertura ovali; labro crasso, canali breviusculd, rectiusculd. THE LITTLE-POST CeriITHIUM. Shell small, oval, ventri- cose, brown, longitudinally plaited, spirally tuber- culated upon the plaits, spirally striated between the tubercles; whorls few, rather ventricose, the last large, with small tubercles ; aperture oval, outer lip thick, canal rather short, rather straight. PEASE. Hab. Sandwich Islands. Species 116. (Mus. Cuming.) CeritHiuM GREENII. Cerith. testé minutd, pupeformi, nigrescente ; anfractibus ventricosis, longitudinaliter plicatis, triseriatim spiraliter tuberculatis, sutura ex- cavatd, ultimo infractu infra costato ; apertura parvé, columella breviusculd, crassa, canali brevissimo, aperto. Green’s Certtatum. Shell minute, chrysalis-shaped, rather black; whorls ventricose, longitudinally plaited, spirally tuberculated in three rows, suture hollow; last whorl ribbed beneath ; aperture small, columella rather short, thick, canal very short, open. GouLD. Hab. North America. : cS = a D t =. ai U vad : 7 a ‘ ae - 4 — : be : f j . ft = = i me e mis , : t a HS - ‘ ; a ; a tf - A . 1 : r 7 an Sowerby, del. et lith. = Cerithium PLAVH. Vincent Brooks, imp. CERITHIUM. Puate XVII. Species 117. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM CosTIFERUM. Cerith. testd angustatd, tenui, elongata, fulvd, spiraliter costaté; anfractibus nu- merosis, apicalibus angustissimis, medianis inflatis, an- gulatis, longitudinaliter costiferis, ultimo contracto, infra costa spirali cincto; apertura pared, varice co- | lumellari crasso subreflexo, canali fere clauso, labro expanso, fasciatim picto. THE RIBBED CERITHIUM. pale-brown, spirally ribbed; whorls numerous, those Shell narrow, thin, long, near the apex narrow, those in the centre inflated, angular, longitudinally ribbed, the last contracted, encircled beneath with a spiral rib; aperture small, columellar varix thick, rather reflected, canal nearly closed, outer lip expanded, banded. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Cerith.f. 220. Cerithium costatum, Sowerby (by error). Hab. ——? , Rather more solid, more ventricose, and more strongly ribbed than C. macrostoma. Species 118. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CrRITHIUM MACROsTOMA. Cerith. testd gracili, elongata, pallide fulvd, tenui, spiraliter striata, longitudinaliter creberrimé costaté ; anfractibus numerosis, medianis subinflatis, ullimis duobus contractis ; apertura ovali, varice columellari crasso, canali fere clauso, labro valde expanso, fasciato. THE LARGE-MoUTHED CrrirHiuM. Shell narrow, long, pale-fulvous, thin; spirally striated, longitudinally and closely ribbed; whorls numerous, the central ones slightly inflated, the last two contracted ; aper- ture oval, columellar varix thick, canal nearly closed, outer lip much expanded, banded. Hips, Voy. Sulph. pl. xvi. f. 12. Hab. Borneo. A very thin and slender species. Species 119. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM THNIATUM. Cerith. testd ventricosd, pyrami- data, spiraliter striata, pallide fulvd, ad anfractum ultimum et aperturam spiraliter fusco-rubescente ta- nata ; anfractibus numerosis, apicalibus angulatis angustissimis, inedianis inflatis, infrd prope suturam angulatis, pliciferis, ultimo subcontracto, supra pli- cato ; apertura ovata, columella brevi, albd, canali brevi, aperto, labro tenui, paululum reflexo. THE RIBANDED CERITHIUM. ing, spirally striated, pale-fulvous, ribanded with reddish-brown on the last whorl, and in the aperture ; whorls numerous, those of the apex angular and very Shell ventricose, taper- narrow, those in the centre ventricose, angular and plicated beneath, near the suture, the last rather contracted, plaited above ; aperture oval, columella short, white, canal short, open, outer lip thin, a little reflected. SowErsy. Hab. Cape Natal. Resembling Cerithium pingue, but much narrower, with the plaits on the last whorl much smaller and more nu- merous. Species 120. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM CONTRACTUM. Cerith. testd solidd, ventri- cosé, spiraliter creberrime striatd, longitudinaliter plicatd ; anfractibus apicalibus angustatis, medianis inflatis, infra medium angulatis, costis tubercularibus subobliquis armatis, ultimo valide contracto ; apertura obliqud, columella brevi, aperto, labro tenui, lineis ru- bris picto, infra expanso. Tue conTRacteD CrErtTHium. Shell solid, ventricose, spirally closely striated, longitudinally plaited; api- cal whorls narrow, central inflated, angular below the middle, armed with tubercular, rather oblique ribs, the last much contracted; aperture oblique, columella short, canal short, open, outer lip thin, marked with red lines, expanded beneath. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Cerithium, no. 124. f. 218. Hab. Cape Natal. A much narrower and more solid shell than Cerithium pingue. December, 1865. CERITHIUM.—Puare XVII. Species 121. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM PINGUE. Cerith. lestd ventricosd, brevi, fuscd, spiraliter tenuiter striatd ; anfractibus apicalibus quin- que angustatis, angulatis, pliciferis, medianis quatuor gradatim crescentibus, inflatis, infra tuberculatis, ulti- mo infra contracto, supra tuberculato ; apertura sub- quadratd, columella brevi, subtortuosd, canali brevis- simad apertd, labro anticé subproducto, liners rubris picta. Tue paInteD Crriruium. Shell ventricose, short, brown, spirally finely striated; five apical whorls narrow, angular, plicated, four middle whorls gradually en- larging, ventricose, tuberculated beneath; last whorl contracted beneath, tuberculated above; aperture rather square, rather produced in front, pated with reddish lines. A. Apams (Colina), Thes. Sowerby’s Conch. Cerith., no. 123. f. 217. Hab. Cape Natal; Cuming. included by Mr. Adams in his genus “ Colina,” ized by a contraction in the last whorl. character- Species 122. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM PUPHFORME. Cerith. testd angustatd, pu- peformi, spiraliter sulcatd, albidd, longitudinaliter plicatd ; anfractibus numerosis, angulatis, medianis ventricosis, ultimis contractis; aperturd oblonga, colu- mella obliqud, truncata, canali angusto, rectiusculo, labro tenui, contracto, infra subangulato. THE CHRYSALIS-SHAPED CrERITHIUM. Shell narrow, chrysalis-shaped, spirally grooved, whitish, longitu- dinally plicated; whorls numerous, angulated, those in the centre ventricose, the last contracted ; aperture oblong, columella oblique, truncated, canal narrow, rather straight, outer lip thin, contracted, slightly an- gular beneath. | A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Cerith., no. 127. f. 221. This may be considered as the type of the little group | | Hab. Philippines ; Cuming. 7 x = x ; = i ‘ . j : i] f ah h 7 on a ; - 4 a 7 : 7 = 7 to ay - + a - r a = - | EE 124 Sowerby, del.et lith 134. Cerithium Pl. XVI 128. Vincent Brooks Imp. CHERETHTUM. Puate XVIII. Species 128. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM GIBBERULUM. Cerith. testd minutd, ovali, gibbosd, fuscd, leviter longitudinaliter plicatd, lineis elevatis fusco-nigrescentibus crenulatis cinctd ; an- Sractibus novem, subventricosis ; aperturd ovata, colu- melld brevi, canali brevissimo, labro incrassato, rotundo, intus crenulato. THE LITTLE-GIBBOUS CrRItHIUM. Shell minute, oval, gibbous, brown, lightly longitudinally plaited, girt with elevated, blackish-brown, crenulated lines ; whorls nine, rather ventricose ; aperture ovate, colu- mella short, canal very short, outer lip thickened, round, erenulated within. C. B. Apams. Hab. North America. A very small shell, with thickened outer lip and varices. Species 124. (Mus. Cuming.) CeritHium toTa. Cerith. testd minutissimad, conicd, nigrescente, infra subcomplanatd ; anfractibus paucis, spiraliter triseriatim tuberculatis, longitudinaliter le- viter plicatis ; apertura subtrigond, columella brevi, canalt aperto, brevissimo, labro vix incrassato. Tue Dot CERiTHIvM. Shell very minute, conical, blackish, rather flat beneath ; whorls few, tuberculated in three spiral rows, slightly plaited lengthwise; aperture rather trigonal, columella short, canal open, very short, outer lip very slightly thickened. C. B. Apams. Hab. Jamaica. Species 125. (Mus. Cuming.) Ceritutum parcum. Cerith. testd parvd, albi, pyrami- data, longitudinaliter plicatd, plicis rotundis, spiraliter costatd, costis ad plicas tuberculiferis; anfractibus paucis, leviter ventricosis, ultimo subfusiformi ; aper- turd ovata, columella rectiusculd, elongata. [THE MODERATE CERITHIUM. Shell small, white, tapering, longitudinally plaited, plaits round, spirally ribbed, ribs tuberculated on the plaits ; whorls few, slightly ventricose, the last rather fusiform, aperture oval, columella rather straight, elongated. GouLp. Hab. Mazatlan. Species 126. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM ALTUM. pallidé fulvd, spiraliter castaneo fasciatd, minutissime decussata, varicibus albis; anfractibus rectiusculis > Cerith. testé elongata, angustd, ultimo subrotundato ; aperturd ovata, columella recta, labro subincrassato. THe TALL CeritHium. Shell long, narrow, pale-fawn, spirally banded with chestnut, minutely decussated, varices white, whorls rather straight, the last slightly rounded; aperture ovate, columella straight, outer lip thick. SOWERBY. Hab. ? Differing from C. /acertinum, C. elongatum, etc., in fine- ness of sculpture. It is delicately banded with light-chest- nut. Species 127. (Mus. Cuming.) OCERITHIUM TRICARINATUM. Cerith. testa elevatd, an- gusta, fulod; anfractibus turritis, rotundis, spiraliter validé tricarinatis, longitudinaliter plicatis, suturd ex- cavatd ; aperturd subquadratd, columella subtortuosa, canali brevissimo. THE THREE-KEELED CERITHIUM. Shell elevated, nar- row, light-brown; whorls turreted, rounded, with three strong spiral keels, longitudinally plaited, suture hollow ; aperture rather square, columella rather tor- tuous, canal very short. PEASE. Hab. Sandwich Islands. The keels in each whorl of this shell are strong and prominent, and are crossed at regular intervals by longi- tudinal plaits, the interstices forming rather square hol- lows. December, 1865. CERITHIUM.—Puate XVIII. Species 128. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM INSCULPTUM. Cerith. testé clevatd, sub- acuminata, ceruled ; anfractibus rectiusculis, ad su- turam rotundis, albo-fasciatis, spiraliter distanter sul- catis, ultimo rotundo; aperturd rotunda, castaned, columella brevissimad, canali brevissimo, aperto. THE UNSCULPTURED CrrtrHium. Shell elevated, slightly acuminated, blue; whorls rather straight, rounded at the suture, white-banded, spirally distantly sulcated, the last round; aperture round, chestnut colour, columella very short, canal very short, open. SOWERBY. Hab. South Australia. Species 129. Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM LACERTINUM. Cerith. testa elongatd, sub- ventricosd, fuscd; anfractibus numerosis, ad marginem crenulatis, costis tuberculiferis quatuor cinctis, costis duabus superioribus approximatis, alteris magis distan- tibus, interlineatis; apertura subrotundd, columella alba, rectiusculd, canali brevissimo, aperto, labro tenut. THE LizaRp CrertruiuM. Shell long, rather ventricose, brown; whorls numerous, crenulated at the edge, girt with four tubercled ribs, the two upper ribs near, the others more distant, with an interstitial line ; aperture rather round, columella white, rather straight, canal very short, open, outer lip thin. GouLp, Otia, p. 141. Hab. Sydney Harbour, U.S. This shell differs from C. Lima materially in sculpture. Species 129. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM TENUE. Cerith. testa parva, angustd, tenui, longitudinaliter plicatd, spiraliter crebricostatd, albd, Susco variegatd ; apertura subrotundd, columella brevi, canali brevissimo, labro intus crenulato. THe THIN CreritHiuM. Shell small, narrow, thin, lon- gitudinally plaited, spirally closely ribbed, white, varied with brown; aperture rather round, columella short, canal very short, outer lip crenulated within. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium, sp. 119. f. 212. Hab, Port Lincoln. This little species is usually dark-banded at the sutures and at the lower part of the last whorl. Our Figure 130 represents a variety, with only a small chestnut spot on the last whorl. Species 131. (Mus, Cuming.) CERITHIUM GLARIOSUM. Cerith. testd elongata, angustd, nigrescente ; anfractibus numerosis, rectiusculis, tu- berculorum seriebus quatuor cinctis, longitudinaliter plicatis, suturad excavatd, apertura parva, canali bre- vissimo. THE GRAVELLY CeriTHIuM. Shell long, narrow, blackish; whorls numerous, rather straight, girt with four rows of tubercles, longitudinally plicated, suture excavated ; aperture small, canal very short. GouLp, Otia (Bittium). Hab. Loochoo Islands and Bonin Islands. 138, Sowerby, del. etlith 132, Corithturm LL ALL. 136b Vincent Brooks, Imp. CEREAL M. Puate XIX. Species 132. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM TROCHIFORME. Cerith. testa minutd, fusco- nigrescente, trochiformi, longitudinaliter plicata ; an- Sractibus paucis, subventricosis, plicis quadrituber- culatis, anfractu ultimo subtus subplanulato, leviter costato ; apertura subtrigond, columelld angustd, elon- gata, acuta. THE TOP-SHAPED CERITHIUM. Shell minute, blackish- brown, trochiform, longitudinally plaited ; whorls few, rather ventricose, plaits four-tubercled, last whorl rather flat beneath, lightly ribbed; aperture rather trigonal, columella narrow, long, pointed. SoweERBY. Hab. California. In form this minute species resembles C. iofa, but, whereas in the latter the sculpture is most prominent in a spiral direction, in the present species the vertical plaits are the most distinct. Species 133. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM Lima. Cerith. testd oblongo-cylindraceé, fulvd, longitudinaliter leviter plicatd, spiraliter liris nume- rosis rubris, minute crenulatis, albo-punctatis cinctd ; anfractibus numerosis, subventricosis, superné ad su- turam acute crenulatis, suturd excavatda; subexpansd, canali brevissimo, aperto. THE FILE CeritHiuM. Shell oblong-cylindrical, pale- brown, longitudinally lightly plaited, spirally girt with numerous red, minutely crenulated, white-spotted lines; whorls numerous, slightly ventricose, acutely crenulated above at the suture, suture hollow ; aper- ture rather expanded, canal very short, open. . BruGurikre, Enc. Méth.; Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. Hab. Mediterranean. apertura A well-known shell, distinguished from others of the same form by the sharp crenulations on the upper edge of the whorl. Species 134. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM RETICULATUM. Cerith. testa oblongo-cylin- draced, fulvd, plicis longitudinalibus et costis spiralibus ad angula nodosis cancellatéd ; anfractibus numerosis, rectiusculis, suturad profundé ; apertura subquadrata, columella recta, brevi, canali brevissimo, aperto. THE RETICULATED CEeRITHIuM. Shell oblong-cylindri- cal, light-brown, cancellated with longitudinal plaits and spiral ribs, with nodules at the angles; whorls numerous, rather straight, suture deep; aperture rather square, columella straight, short, canal very short, open. i Costa. Hab. British Coasts and Mediterranean. Species 135. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM GRANARIUM. Cerith. testa oblongo-cylindraced, solidd, fulvo-rufescente, leviter longitudinaliter plicatd, spiraliter costis rubris moniliformibus distantibus cinc- tad; anfractibus brevibus, rectis ; apertura ovatd, ca- nali brevi, aperto. THE GRANARY CERITHIUM. Shell oblong-cylindrical, solid, reddish-brown, lightly plaited, longitudinally spirally girt with distant, beaded, red ribs; whorls short, straight ; aperture oval; canal short, open. Krener, Cog. viv. pl. xix. f. 3. Hab. Swan River. The whorls are straight, and not crenulated at the edges as in C. lima. Species 136. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CrrItHIUM ZEBRUM. Cerith. testa oblonga, alba seu Suled, fusco-rubescente bifusciatd, minuté serialim gra- nulata ; anfractibus subventricosis ; aperturd ovatd, co- lumella crassa, brevi, subtortuosd, canali brevi, aperto. THE ZEBRA CERITHIUM. Shell oblong, white or fulvous, with brown-reddish bands, minutely and regularly granulated ; whorls rather ventricose, aperture ovate, columella thick, short, somewhat twisted, canal short, open. KipNER, Sp. Coq. viv. Hab. Gallapagos Islands. A pretty little dark shell, with dark spiral bands. December, 1865. CERITHIUM.—Ptare XIX. Species 137. (Mus. Cuming.) Cerirutum ELoncatum. Cerith. testd attenuatd, fusco- nigrescente, longitudinaliter oblique plicatd, plicis va- lidis tuberculosis; anfractibus obliquis, ventricosis, sutura excavatd ; apertura ovata, canali brevi, aperto, THE ELONGATED Crerrruium. Shell attenuated, blackish- brown, longitudinally obliquely plicated, plaits strong, tuberculated ; whorls oblique, ventricose, suture ex- cavated ; aperture oval, canal short, open. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium, sp. 132. f, 233; 234. Hab. Australia; Strange. Species 138. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM GRACILLIMUM. Cerith. testa attenuatd, fusco- nigrescente, longitudinaliter leviter plicatd, spiraliter tuberculiferé ; anfractibus obliquis, subventricosis, su- turd subexcavatd ; apertura pared, canali brevi, aperto. THE VERY SLENDER Crriturum. Shell attenuated, blackish-brown, longitudinally lightly plicated, spi- rally tubereulated ; whorls oblique, rather ventricose, suture slightly excavated ; aperture small, canal short, open. SOWERBY. Hab. ? The shell is narrower than C. elongatum, the whorls less oblique, the longitudinal plaits less prominent, and the tubercles smaller. Species 139. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM QUADRIFILATUM. Cerith. testd oblongo-sub- cylindraced, pallidé, longitudinaliter plicatd, plicis numerosis, validis, tuberculiferis ; anfractibus rectius- culis, subquadratis, liris quatuor undulatis cinctis, ultimo subtus bicostato, subtruncato, sutura valde ex- cavata ; apertura subquadratd, canali brevissimo. THE FOUR-THREADED CerttHtuM. Shell oblong-cylin- drical, pale, longitudinally plaited, plaits numerous, strong, tuberculated; whorls rather straight, rather square, girt with four undulating ridges, the last with two ribs beneath, somewhat truncated, suture deeply excavated ; aperture nearly square, canal very short. CarPENTER (Bittium). Hab. Mazatlan. Species 140. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM RUGATUM. Cerith. testd oblongo-cylindraced, pallidd, longitudinaliter plicatd, plicis numerosis, sub- obliquis, tuberculiferis ; anfractibus numerosis, sub- obliquis, liris tribus undulatis cinctis, ultima subtus bicostatd, subfusiformi, suturd excavatd; apertura ovata, canali brevi, columella rectiusculd, acutd. Tue RvGose Ceritaium. Shell oblong - cylindrical, pale, longitudinally plaited, plaits numerous, rather oblique, tuberculated ; whorls numerous, rather ob- lique, girt with three undulated ribs, the last double- ribbed, subfusiform beneath, suture excavated ; aper- ture ovate, canal short, columella rather straight, pointed. CARPENTER. Hab. Santa Barbara. Sowerby, del. et lith Certthium PLAY. 12.6 Vincent Brooks, Imp CERITHIUM. PLATE XX. Species 141. (Mus. Cuming.) CeRITHIUM PLACIDUM. Cerith. testa parvd, conicd, alba, liris spiralibus scabris cinctd, interstitiis profundis, seabris ; anfractibus rectis, suturad excavatd ; apertura subtrigond, labro angulato, columellé angustd, sub- tortuosa, acutd, canali brevissimo. THE PLACID CERITHIUM. girt with rough spiral ridges, interstices deep, rough ; whorls straight, suture excavated; aperture subtri- gonal, outer lip angular, columella narrow, slightly turned, pointed, canal very short. GouLp, Otia, p. 141. Hab. China Seas. Shell small, conical, white, Species 142. (Tig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM ALUTACEUM. Cerith. testd parva, fulvd, sub- ovatd, acuminata, longitudinaliter plicatd, plicis va- lidis, trituberculatis, tuberculis magnis, interstitiis profundé foveatis, sutura profundd ; ultimo anfractu liris moniliformibus, rubro-punctatis cincto ; apertura oval, canali brevi, columella tortuosi. THE LEATHERN CeritHtuM. Shell small, brown, rather oval, pointed, longitudinally plaited, plaits strong, three-tubercled, tubercles large, interstices deeply pitted, suture deep ; last whorl girt with beaded, red- spotted ridges ; aperture ovate, canal short, columella tortuous. GOouLD, Otia (Bittium). Hab. China Seas. Species 143. (Mus. Cuming.) CrRITHIUM RHODOSTOMA. Cerith. testa solidd, pyrami- datd, pallide fulod, ad aperturam et apicem roseo tincto ; anfractibus octo, longitudinaliter plicatis, spiraliter triseriatim super plicas noduliferis, ad interstitia li- ratis, infra ventricosis, ultimo paululum contracto ; apertura subquadratd, columella laminatd, crass, truncata, canali reflexo, labro crenulato, fasciato. THE SQUARE-MOUTHED CprritHiuM. Shell solid, pyra- midal, pale-brown, tinged with pink at the tip and aperture; whorls eight, longitudinally plaited, with three spiral rows of nodules upon the plaits and ridges in the interstices, ventricose below, the last a little contracted; aperture rather square, columella laminar, thick, truncated, canal reflected, outer lip crenulated, banded. A. Apams, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Cerithium, sp. 49.f.103. Hab. Van Diemen’s Land. This little shell rather resembles an elongated Nassa in form. It is solid, plicated, and the whorls rather bulge at the lower part, the last being somewhat contracted in proportion to the last but one. Species 144. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM PAUXILLUM. Cerith. testé parvd, pyramidatd, subcylindricd, pallide. fulvd, longitudinaliter plicata ; anfractibus brevibus, prominentibus, spiraliter costatis, super plicas noduliferis, suturd ewcavatd ; apertura lateraliter productd, labro valde expanso, columella tortuosd, canali valido, truncato. Tue puny Cerirutum. Shell small, pyramidal, subey- lindrical, pale-fulvous, longitudinally plaited ; whorls short, prominent, spirally ribbed, noduliferous upon the ribs, suture hollow; aperture produced laterally, outer lip expanded, columella tortuous, canal distinct, truncated. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Cerithium, sp. 178, f. 294. Hab. Island of Bureas, Philippines; Cuming. Species 145. (Mus. Cuming.) Crriruium ALcrriaNnum. Cerith. testd oblongd, albd, turritd ; anfractibus numerosis, triseriatim tubercu- latis, subventricosis ; apertura subovali, labro producto, tenui, columella brevi, canali brevissimo. Tue AtGeRIAN CeritHium. Shell oblong, white, tur- reted; whorls numerous, tubercled in three rows, ventricose ; aperture rather oval, outer lip produced, thin, columella short, canal very short. Sowprsy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium, sp. 120. f, 230, 231. Hab. Algeria. December, 1865. CERITHIUM.—Puate XX. A small, delicate-white species, with the whorls tuber- culated in three rows. Species 146. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM SEROTINUM. Cerith. testd solidd, oblongo- cylindraced, pallide fulvd ; anfractibus brevibus, nu- merosis, longitudinaliter crebri-plicatis, spiraliter stri- atis, medianis subventricosis, ultimo subcontracto, truncato ; apertura subquadratd, lateraliter productéd, columella laminatda, margine extante, canali oblongo, truncato. THE EVENING CERITHIUM. Shell solid, oblong-cylin- drical, pale-fulvous; whorls short, numerous, longi- tudinally closely plicated, spirally striated, those of the centre rather ventricose, the last slightly con- tracted, truncated; aperture rather square, laterally produced, columella laminated, with margin standing out, canal oblong, truncated. A. ApDams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Cerithium, sp. 48, f. 102. Hah, Van Diemen’s Land. There are peculiarities in this species and C. rhodostoma of almost generic value, among which the free lamina composing the columella, the constricted canal-tube, and the contraction and truncation of the last whorl may be mentioned, Species 147. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM CLATHRATUM. data, scalatéd ; anfractibus novem, ventricosis, spira- liter bicostatis, longitudinaliter plicatis, costis promi- nentibus, plicis frequentibus, lamelliformibus, monili- Seris ; ultimo anfractu subtus angulato, ad angulum costd duplicatd cincto; aperturd subquadratd, colu- mella brevi, canali brevi, aperto. THE CROSS-BARRED CERITHIUM. Shell white, tapering, rising in steps; whorls nine, ventricose, spirally two- ribbed, longitudinally plaited, ribs prominent, plaits numerous, lamellated, beaded; last whorl angular beneath, girt at the angle with a double rib ; aperture rather square, columella short, canal short, open. Cerith. testé albd, pyrami- A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. sp. 152. f. 258. Hab. Baclayon, Island of Bohol, Philippines. Species 148, (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM EXCAvaTUM. Cerith. testa pyramidatd, spi- raliter striata, albé; anfractibus numerosis, superné ad suturam costa minute tuberculatd ornatis, infra medium angulatis, ad angulum tuberculis validis ar- matis, infra ad suturam uniliratis, supra angulum ex- cavatis ; apertura rhomboided, columella tenui, canali vix emarginato. THE EXCAVATED CrritHium. Shell pyramidal, spirally striated, white; whorls numerous, ornamented above at the suture with a minutely tuberculated rib, below the middle, angular, at the angle armed with strong tubercles, beneath, at the suture, one-ridged, the last double-ridged, above the angle hollowed; aperture rhomboidal, columella thin, canal scarcely emargi- nated. SowERsBy. Hab. North Australia. Species 149. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIUM OBESULUM. Cerith. testa brevissimd, ventricoséa, solida, nigrescente; anfractibus paucis, supra medium ad dorsum angulatim subelevatis, spiraliter costis monili- Jeris cinctis, ultimo magno; apertura albidd, magna, columella brevissimd, canali brevi, subcontracto, labro intus crenato. THE LITTLE FAT CeRtTHIUM. Shell very short, ventri- cose, solid, blackish; whorls few, above the middle at the back angularly slightly elevated, spirally girt with beaded ribs, the last large; aperture whitish, large, columella very short, canal short, slightly con- tracted, outer lip crenated within. | SOWERBY. Hab. ——? In form resembling C. odesum, being slightly raised and bossed at the back, in the same manner as is seen in that species and in C. dorsuosum. It is however distinguished by beaded ribs, and is of a dark, almost black, brown colour. Adansoni, Bruguiére.. .. Adenense, Sowerby aduncum=iGould sree ere adustum, Avener ...... alboliratum, Carpenter . . Algerianum, Sowerby.......... algicola, C. B. Adams ........ alternatum, Sowerby .......... altum, Sowerby ........ alucom Born) As 2/4 selec alutaceum, Gould ............ armatum, Philippi asperum, Pease...... UREN, BAO sono anaes ance balteatum, Philippi ......... Bermudee, Sowerby bifasciatum, Sowerby.......... beeticum, Pease........ Bornii, Sowerby........ Grevey Quoyeee vache thease breviculum, Sowerby... . ceelatunts Gould: ...:- 1s toe Californiz, Sowerby ......... earbonarium, Philippi .. caudatum, Sowerby circinatum, 4. Adams citrinum;» Sovwerby/i\t.. ce eleers clathratum, 4. ddams ........ Claviss SOWE/OY ies lata oes ceeruleum, Sowerby .... columna, Sowerby .... contractum, Sowerby......... corallinum, Sowerby .......... coronatum, Sowerby .... costiferum, 4. Adams ........ crassilabrum, Avauss.... dialeucum, Philippi .... dilectum, 4. Adams .... dorsuosum, A. Adams .. dubium, Sowerby ............ eburneum, Bruguiére.......... echinatum, Zamarch.... erenum) (Gould, <6 s0.-s.e) ss- elongatum, Sowerby .......... Eriense, Valenciennes.......... erythraonense, Lamarck ...... excavatum, Sowerby .......... CERITHIUM. Species ll 89 57 12 109 145 eximium, Sowerby .......... famelicum, C. B. Addams ...... fenestratum, Sowerby.......... ferruginenm, Say) v.00. cee. filosum, Sowerby ............ TULCALUIN, LACASE as «ae ave toro sere (oleals Juscatum, Costa...........- fusiforme, Sowerby gemma, Sowerby .......... gemmulatum, Bruguiere ...... gibberulum, C. B. Adams...... glareosum, Gould .......... gracile, Pease graciliforme, Sowerby........ gracillimum, Sowerby........ granarium, Avener........-..- granosum, Kiener ............ Greens Gould iranrs.iotai-1= 1-16 Guiniacum, Philippi.......... Tanthinum, Gowld.......... ANHALIN S| QUOY, 2 01. aheierei= olavele insculptum, Sowerby......-.-. interruptum, Gould ........ interstriatum, Sowerby .......- invaginatum, Gould ........+.. Ota Oe Bae ans aes eterna irroratum, Gould ........-- lacertinum, Gould.......... lacteum, Kiener...........- lemniscatum, Quoy lentiginoswm, Sowerby ...... lima, Bruguteret. 0.0.2 642 n litteratum, Born... ......--.. lutosum, Menke .......... macrostoma, Hinds ........ maculosum, Migh@ls.........- maculosum, Kiener .......- Mediterraneum, Deshayes ...... mitraeforme, Sowerby........-- moniliferum, Avener .......- morus, Lamarck ......+++. munitum, Philippi muscarum, Say......--++ +e musicum, Sowerby.......+++-- mutabile, C. B. Adams .....- nassoide, Sowerby .....----- nebulosum, Sowerby ......-- X XVIII. IV XVIII. XIII. Species. 76 13 39 92 82 102 53 AT 70 23 123 131 Psy AMNION 65 oo ntmoodgeanc nigro-fasciatum, Sowerby ...... nitidum, Sowerby ........--5 mivosum, Sowerby ..........-- nodosus, Schroeter ..........-- nodulosum, Bruguiere .......- Novee-Hiberniz, 4. Adams .... Novee-Hollandiz, 4. Adams.... obesulum, Sowerby obesum, Sowerby .........--- ocellatum, Bruguicre.......... ALCUING GLOUIC, Salo ayeter- tree Peace patulum, Sowerby .........+-- pauxillum, 4. Adams pasallum, Pease. = 2. 26 6c petrosum, Wood pingue, 4. dAdams............ piperitum, Sowerby placidum, Gould ...........-. planum, Anion ............-. polygonum, Sowerby .........- punctatum, Bruguicre pupa, Sowerby ........ 225.5 pupeforme, 4. Adams ........ purpurascens, Sowerby ........ quadrifilatum, Carpenter ...... yari-maculatum, Sowerby ...... reticulatum, Costa.........--- rhodostoma, A. Adams........ Rissoide, Sowerby ..........-- robustum, Sowerby rostratum, Sowerby 5008 mubus, Marty teen 6 he ee ae rugatum, Carpenter .......... MUS OSU; 00s 022 «ole everel- ole Ruppellii, Philippe CERITHIUM.—INDEX. Il. XII. XII. XVII. AAL XIX. Species. 116 58 28 105 salebrosum, Sowerby .......... Sandvichense, Sowerby ........ Shit, WME socdccp0cb0pe5ce Scabridum, Li2l0ppui ere ereiei el semiferrugineum, Lamarck serotinum, 4. Adams siphonatum, Sowerby.......... sordidulum, Gould spathuliferum, Sowerdy........ splendens, Sowerby striatissimum, Sowerby ........ striatus, Schroeter...........- subnodosum, Adams.......... suturale, Philippi .....-...... teeniatum, Sowerby tenellum, Sowerby............ tenue, Sowerby ©. .........-:- tessellatum, Sowerby .......... Thomasii, Sowerby..........-. thymetus, Menseh...........- Mirai Sowerby ier. = -beieletellel= tricanimatum,: Pease)... 4-2- - -- trocheeforme, Sowerby ........ tuberculatum, Linneus........ tuberculatum, Born .......... tuberosum, Fabricius.......... tuberosus, Dillwiyner spies oe turritum, Sowerby............ uncinatum, Gmelin .......00% umbonatum, Sowerby unilineatum, Pease AAS variabile, C’. B. Adams........ variegatum, Quoy............ versicolor, C. B. Adams vulgatum, Bruguiere.......... ZebTUM, ACenermere eee eee Species. 65 37 110 52 38 146 90 87 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS EULIMA. **O sacred Providence, who, from end to end, Strongly and sweetly moveth! Shall I write, And not of thee, through whom my fingers bend To hold my quill?”—George Herbert. = a a # oh. a aba eae - : = = ey a ry ie 7 * - i ut 1 - ‘ ; im 7, Cis s) Ml ed | | ar oo j tdene') loa. tee PPD GW Whose? 4 en ehauin [ek PO GAR Viz y = ut LP tis bead i ; ene ra hi ave Et e., S Vincent Brooks, Imp. Sowerby, del.et Lith, EULIMA. Prats I. Genus EULIMA, Risso. Testa elongata, multispiralis, polita; varicibus impressis, fre- quenter lateralibus, continuis ; apice acuto, plerumque | torluo; apertura ovata, superne acuminata, labio in- | terno reflewo, avi imperforato, labro incrassato ; oper- culo corneo, ovato, subspirali. Shell elongate, many-whorled, polished, with impressed varices, frequently lateral, continuous, apex acute, generally tortuous; aperture ovate, acuminated above, inner lip reflected, axis imperforate; operculum horny, oval, subspiral. A monograph of Hudima and other allied genera of turreted shells, by Mr. Arthur Adams, in Mr. Sowerby’s ‘Thesaurus,’ in the year 1854. A few interesting species have been added to the list, several of which we are en- abled to figure through the kindness of Mr. G. F. Angas. The species appear to a bound most in the groups of the Pa- cific. The Indian Seas, China, and the Philippines present a considerable number of species. ZH. polita and £. distorta are the British representatives of the genus. The genus Hulima, as described above, is distinguished from Nisso in being imperforate, and from Leiostraca in characters to be described in the monograph of that genus. Species 1. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Evunimma articunata. Lu/. testa acuminato-pyramidatd, alba, fusco articulatd el marmorata ; anfractibus sub- rotundatis, varicibus subprominulis, labio externo cras- siusculo. THE ARTICULATED Eunima. Shell acuminately-pyra- midal, white, articulated and marbled with brown; whorls rather rounded, varices slightly prominent, outer lip rather thick. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834. Hab. Australia. The only species of true Lulima with variegated colour- ing yet known. Species 2. Eutmma tactea. ul. testa alba, opacd, solidd, polita, subulatd ; anfractibus planiusculis, varicibus continuis March, impressis ad latus dextrum instructis ; apertura ellip- ticd, anticé subproductd, labio interno reflexiusculo, labro incrassato. Tue mMiLky Evuxrma. Shell white, opake, solid, polished, subulate; whorls rather flat, varices continuous, im- pressed on the right side; aperture elliptical, slightly produced in front, inner lip slightly reflected, outer hp thickened. A. Adams, Sowerby’s Thesaurus, Eulima, sp. 25. Hab. Philippines. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) Eutima ternostoma. Lu/. testa alld, pupeformi, recta, subpellucidd; anfractibus duodecim planiusculis, lined impressad infra suturam, anfractu ultimo rotundato ; apertura oblongo-ovali, antice productd, labio interno rectiusculo, anticé reflexo, labro margine in medio dila- tato. THE NARROW-MOUTHED EutiMa. Shell white, pupiform, straight, rather pellucid; whorls twelve, rather flat, with an impressed line beneath the suture, last whorl rounded; aperture oblong-oval, produced in front, inner lip rather straight, reflected in front, outer lip with the margin dilated in front. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thesaurus, Hulima, sp. 14. Hab. Fiji Islands, on coral reefs ; H. Cuming. This species is unusually straight, with the central whorls slightly inflated, so as to give the shell a rather more pupi- form appearance than most of the genus. Species 4. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Evtima Granpis. ul. testd subulato-pyramidali, alba, solidd, opacd, flexuosa ; anfractibus quindecin, plani- usculis, varicibus lateralibus continuis, anfractu ultimo angulato ; apertura oblongo-ovali, columelld callosd, labro margine flexuoso, antice subreflexo. Tue LarGE Hunima. Shell subulate-pyramidal, white, solid, opake, flexuous ; whorls fifteen, rather flat, with lateral, continuous varices, the last whorl angulated; aperture oblong-oval, columella callous, outer lip with the margin flexuous, slightly reflected in front. 1866. EULIMA.—Puate I. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thesaurus, Eulima, sp. 19. Hab, Island of Bureas, Philippines. This magnificent shell was dredged by Mr. Cuming in coral sand. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) Houtima mason. ul. testd subulatd, solidd, opacd ; an- fractibus conveviusculis, varicibus oblique continuis ; apertura pyriformi, basi subdilatatd, labro medio arcu- atim paulo producto. THE LARGER Evuiima. Shell subulate, solid, opake ; whorls rather convex, the varices obliquely continu- ous; aperture pyriform, rather dilated at the base, the outer lip slightly arched and produced in the middle. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834. Hab. Tahiti. The whorls in this large species are rather convex. It The arched shell, figured as a va- riety in the ‘ Conchological Illustrations,’ is there described as a new species, H. arcuata, sp. 14. is not very tortuous. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) Burima Martinit. alba, solidd, politd, apice flexuosa ; anfractibus nume- Bul. testa pyramidal, acuminata, rosis, planulatis, varicibus impressis, oblique ad upicem continuis, anfractu ultimo subangulato; apertura ovali, columella incrassatd, anticé refleed, labro in medto producto. Marrin’s EuLia. solid, polished, with flexuous apex ; whorls numerous, Shell pyramidal, acuminate, white, Hat, varices impressed, obliquely continuous to the | apex, last whorl rather angular; aperture oval, colu- mella thickened, reflected im front, outer lip produced in the centre. A. Avams, Sowerby’s Thesaurus, Eulima, sp. 8. Hab. St. Helena. More broadly pyramidal than most of the other species. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) Evuima Fiexuosa. ul. testa subulatd, flewuosd, sub- opacd, solidd; anfractibus quindecim, planulatis, lined impressd subpellucidd ad suturam, anfractu ultimo ro- tundato ; apertura oblonga, labro margine flexuoso, in medio producto. Tue FLEXvuoUs EuLima. Shell subulate, flexuous, sub- opake, solid; whorls fifteen, flat, with an impressed, half-transparent line at the suture, last whorl rounded; aperture oblong, outer lip with a flexuous margin, produced in the centre. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thesaurus, Eulima, sp. 13. Hab. ? The outer lip is more flexuous in form than in the pre- ceding species. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) Evita Cuminer. ul. testdé subventricosd, rectiusculd, alba, opacd ; anfractibus tredecim, convewiusculis, vari- cibus irregularibus, impressis, anfractu ultimo rotun- dato; apertura oblonga, ovali, columellé crassa, vir arcuatd, labro rectiusculo. Cumine’s Eutmma. Shell subventricose, rather straight, white, opake; whorls thirteen, slightly convex, va- rices irregular, impressed, last whorl rounded; aper- tnre oblong, oval, columella thick, scarcely arched, outer lip rather straight. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thesaurus, Eulima, sp. 21. Hab. Lord Hood’s Island, South Seas. This beautiful shell was taken on the pearl-oyster. kualinmahhl. 70, Sowerby, del.et th. Vinecnt Brooks imp. EULIMA. Puate I. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) EULIMA HASTATA. pyramidatd, ad basin laté, pallidissimée rosed, supra medium fuled ; anfractibus apicalibus paulo ventricosis, Eul. testd breviusculd, rectiusculd, alteris rectis, ultimo angulatim rotundato ; apertura subovatd, labro ad medium paulo producto, apice vir contortd, varicibus conspicuis. THE SPEAR-SHAPED EuLima. Shell rather short, rather straight, pyramidal, broad at the base, very pale pink, brown above the centre; apical whorls slightly ven- tricose, the others straight, the last angularly rounded; aperture rather oval, outer lip a little produced in the middle. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834; Thes. Conch. f. 7, 8. Hab. St. Hlena. Pyramidal, with a broader base than most of the other species. Species 10. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) EULIMA LABIOSA. latiusculd; anfractibus convexiusculis, ultimo rotundo, apice validé contorto; apertura ovata, labro sinuato, Bul. testd acuminato-pyramidali, basi supra medium producto, incurvo. Tue Laprose Evia. Shell acuminated, pyramidal, rather wide at the base; whorls slightly convex, the last rounded, apex much contorted; aperture ovate, outer lip sinuous, produced and incurved above the centre. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834. Hah. sland of Annaa, Pacific. A short, hyaline, tortuous little species. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) Evtmma porcetiana. ul. testdé albd, opacd, solidd, elongata, rectiusculd, apice subflewuoso; anfractibus planulatis, varicibus irregularibus, conspicuis ; apertura ovali-oblongd, labro superné subemarginato, infra me- dium paulo producto. Tue porceLaIn Evirma. Shell white, opake, solid, long, rather straight, apex rather reflected; whorls flat, varices irregular, conspicuous; aperture oval- oblong, outer lip emarginated above, produced below the middle. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Eulima, sp. 18. Hab. ? This shell is remarkable for its solid, porcelain-like structure. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) EvLima TORTUOSA. medio et ad apicem tortuosa ; anfractibus planiusculis, Eul. testé solidd, albd, angustatéa, oblique varicosis ; apertura parvd, ovali. Tue tortuous Eunmma. Shell solid, white, narrow, tortuous in the middle and at the apex; whorls rather flat, obliquely varicose ; aperture small, oval. Apams and Regve, Zoology of the Samarang, p. 53. pl. xi. f. 26. Hab. China Seas. Similar to #. porcellana in structure, but a much nar- rower shell, with flattened whorls. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) BuLtma suBaNnGuLata. ul. testd pyramidali, acumi- natd, tenui, in parlibus pallide fulvo fasciatd ; anfrac- tibus planatis, ultimo subangulate ; apertura ovali, oblonga, labro ad angulum paulo producto. THE SUBANGULATED Hunrma. Shell pyramidal, acumi- nated, thin, in parts banded with pale-fawn; whorls flat, the last slightly angulated; aperture oval, ob- long, outer lip a little produced at the angle. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, Thes. Conch. f. 11, 12. Hab, Indian Ocean. Like £. hastata, pyramidal, but not so wide at the base. Species 14, (Mus. Cuming.) EULIMA ARCUATA. arcuaté ; anfractibus convevis ; apertura ovali, labro Lul. testd subdiaphand, alba, medio crasso, ad suturam emarginato, medio producto, December, 1865. EULIMA.—Puatt II. Tue arcuep Eunrma. Shell subdiaphanous, white, arched in the middle; whorls convex ; aperture oval, outer lip thick, emarginated at the suture, produced in the middle. SOWERBY. Hab. Sandwich Islands. Figured in Mr. Sowerby’s ‘ Thesaurus’ as a variety of BE. major, but it is much more arched in form than seems natural for that species. Species 15. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Euitrma acuta. Eul. testdé mitreformi, angustd, elongata, albida, recta, subopacd ; anfractibus planiusculis, ul- timo rotundato ; apertura oblonga, anticé subreflead, labro margine tenui rectiusculo. Tue acure Evutrma. Shell mitreform, narrow, long, white, straight, rather opake; whorls rather flat, the last rounded; aperture oblong, rather turned back- wards in front, outer lip thin, rather straight. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) Euutima pourra. Lul. testa pyramidatd, acuminatd, soli- da, subopacd, nitidissimd ; anfractibus angustis, planis ; apertura pared, ovali, labro crasso, rectiusculo. THe PottsHeD Huta. Shell pyramidal, acuminated, solid, rather opake, very shining; whorls narrow, flat; aperture small, oval, outer lip thick, rather straight. Liynavs (Heliz). Turbo albus, Donovan. Rissoa Boscii, Payraudeau. Eulima Anglica, Sowerby, Conch. Must. Hab. British Islands. Lulymna ltl. Vincent Brooks,Imp. Sowerby, del et lith. ie Loc A Pratz) IT. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) EULIMA CUSPIDATA. breviusculd ; anfractibus paulo convewis, ultimo ovali ; apertura ovata, labro rectiusculo, tenui, apice recto, acuminato, varicibus inconspicuis. Tue spiked Eutima. Shell oblong, subventricose, rather short; whorls a little convex, the last oval; aperture ovate, outer lip nearly straight, thin, apex straight, acuminated, varices inconspicuous. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Eulima, sp. 16. f. 33. Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines, on loose coral, under stones, at low water. Lul. testd oblonga, subventricosa, Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) Eutrma souipa. ul. testé parva, rectiusculd, ovato- subventricosd, solidd, albé; anfractibus viz conveais, ultimo rotundato-angulato; aperturdé parva, ovali, labro crasso, medio paulo producto. Tue sotip Evtima. Shell small, rather straight, ovately subyentricose, solid, white; whorls scarcely convex, the last with a rounded angle; aperture small, oval, outer lip thick, a little produced in the middle. SOWERBY. Hab. Sandwich Islands. A very solid little shell, with the aperture contracted by the thickness of the outer lip, Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) Evia vitrea. Sul. testa tenui, subtranslucidd, brevi, recta, medio subventricosd, pallide fulvd ; anfractibus rectis, ultimo ovato ; apertura ovatd, labro medio pro- ducto, tenui. Tue GLassy Eunma. Shell thin, rather transparent, short, straight, rather ventricose in the middle, pale- fawn; whorls straight, the last oval; aperture oval, outer lip produced in the middle, thin. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Couch. Eulima, sp. 23. f. 35. Hab. Feejee Islands; Cuming. A light, transparent, straight species, found in the stomach of a Holothuria. Species 20. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) EuLima suspeLitucipa. ul. testd brevi, ventricosd, tenui, alba, anfractu ultimo supra opacd, infra semi- pellucidé ; anfractibus paucis, rectiusculis, ultimo ob- scure angulato ; aperturd ovata, labro tenui, rectius- culo, varicibus paucis, indistinetis. THE SEMI-TRANSPARENT EuLima. Shell short, ventri- cose, thin, white, the last whorl opake above, half- transparent beneath; whorls few, rather straight, the last obscurely angulated; aperture oval, outer lip thin, rather straight, varices few, indistinct. PEASE. Hab. Sandwich Islands. The upper part of the last whorl, as well as the spire, is opake, the lower part nearly transparent. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) Evita SAaNDVICHENSIS. cosa, tenui, alba, opacd; anfractibus paucis, convenis, Jul. testa brevissimd, ventri- ultimo rotundo, infra opaco; apertura ovaté, labro sinuato, crassiusculo, supra medium producto. Tue Sanpwicu-Isuanp Eutrma. Shell very short, ven- tricose, thin, white, opake; whorls few, convex, the last round, opake beneath ; aperture oval, outer lip sinuous, rather thick, produced above the centre. SowERBY. Hab. Sandwich Islands. Shorter than £. subpellucida (sp. 20), with rounded whorls. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) Evia conorpatts. ul. testd pyramidatd, ad basin latiusculd, solidd, albd, opacd; anfractibus planatis, ultimo subangulato ; apertura subangulatd, anticé pro- ducta, varicibus irregularibus. Tue conicat Eunima. Shell pyramidal, rather broad at base, solid, white, opake; whorls flat, the last rather angulated ; aperture slightly angular, produced in front, varices irregular. Sowerby. Hab. Sandwich Islands. A very conical, solid species. December, 1865. EULIMA.—Piate III. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) EuLIma pyraMIDALis. Lui. testd parvd, brevi, pyrami- data, contortd, nitidd, alba, subpellucida ; anfractibus decem, vix convexis, ultimo rotundo ; aperturaé parva, subrotundatd, lateraliter productd, labro tenur, infra medium producto. THE PYRAMIDAL Eutima. Shell small, short, pyra- midal, tortuous, shining, white, subpellucid; whorls ten, scarcely convex, the last rounded; aperture small, rather rounded, laterally produced, outer lip thin, produced below the centre. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Eulima, sp. 11. f. 16. Hab. Island of Capul (on the reefs at low water); Cu- ming. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) Eurma potyeyra. Lul. testd pyramidatd, rectd, an- gustd, ad basin angulatd, albé, opacd ; anfractibus nu- merosis, brevibus, planulatis, ultimo angulato ; aper- turd subrhomboided, parva, ad basin acute productd, labro tenui, supra medium sinuatim emarginato, infra producto. THE MANY-wHORLED Euxima. Shell pyramidal, straight, narrow, angular at the base, white, opake; whorls numerous, short, flat, the last angular; aperture ob- liquely four-sided, small, acutely produced at the base, outer lip thin, sinuously emarginated above the middle, produced below. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Eulima, sp. 24. f. 36. Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines (in sandy mud, fifty fathoms) ; Cuming. A neat little shell, with short, straight whorls. Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) Evuiima pusttta. Lul. testa solidd, subcylindricd, acu- minatd, angusta, medio paulo ventricosd ; anfractibus planiusculis, ultimo oblongo; apertura ovali-oblongd, margine recto. Tar pwarr Evra. Shell solid, subcylindrical, acu- minated, narrow, a little swelled in the middle ; whorls rather flat, the last oblong; aperture ovate- oblong, with straight edge. Sownrby, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1834; Thes. Conch. Eulima, f. 19, 20, 21. Hab. St. Elena; Cuming. In form resembling Z. vitrea, but quite opake. Sowerby, del.st lth. Fatima PLY. Vincent Brooks,Imp. EULIMA. Piate IV. Species 26. Eutima nitipa. ul. testdé subulatad, pyramidatd, rec- tiusculd ; anfractibus decem, subplanulatis, ultimo sub- ventricoso, obscure purpureo; aperturd ovali, labro tenui, rectiusculo. THE SHINING Hutima. Shell subulate, pyramidal, rather straight; whorls ten, nearly flat, the last slightly ventricose, obscurely purple; aperture oval, outer lip thin, rather straight. Lamarck (Melania), Hist. Nat. Anim. sans vert. Hab. Mediterranean. Species 27. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Evutima Brevis. ul. testé brevissimd, ventricosd, acu- minatd, apice contortd, hyalind, partim pallidé fulva ; anfractibus brevibus, ultimo rotundo; apertura late- raliter productd, labro sinuato. THe sHort Hutima. Shell very short, ventricose, acu- minated, with twisted apex, hyaline, partly pale- fawn; whorls short, the last rounded; ‘aperture laterally produced, outer lip sinuated. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 18384; Thes. Conch. Eulima, sp. 27. f. 32. Hab. Pacific Ocean. On shells of the Pearl Oyster. A bright little glassy shell. Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) Evurima opesuta. Lul. testa ovali, brevi, subpellucidd, pallidé roseo-tinctad ; anfractibus paucis, convexis, ulti- mo rotundo ; apertura subrotundd, labro sinuato, supra medium producto. Tue tirtLe FAT EBurima. Shell oval, short, rather transparent, tinged with pale-rose; whorls few, con- vex, the last round ; aperture rather round, outer lip sinuated, produced above the middle. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thes. Conch. Eulima, no. 15. f. 34. Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines, in soft mud, eight fathoms ; Cuming. Shorter than Z. Sandvichensis, with still more rounded whorls. Species 29. (Pig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) EULIMA DISTORTA. pyramidatd, rregulariter arcuatd; anfractibus planu- Hul. testa parva, solidé, opaca, alba, latis, ultimo oblongo, obscuré angulato ; apertura ob- longa, subangulatd, labro crasso, recto. THE DISTORTED EULIMA. Shell small, solid, opake, white, pyramidal, irregularly arched; whorls flat, the last oblong, obscurely angulated; aperture oblong, slightly angulated, outer lip thick, straight. Desuayzs, Coq. Foss. de Paris. Melania distorta, Philippi. Hab, Sicily, Britain, ete. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) Eutima opaca. ful. testé rectiusculd, subulatd, subovali, alba, opacd, solidd ; anfractibus paulo convexis, ultimo ovali ; apertura ovata, labro crasso, rectiusculo, THE opake Evirma. Shell rather straight, subulate, slightly oval, white, opake, sold; whorls a little convex, the last oval; aperture ovate, outer lip thick, nearly straight. SOWERBY. Hab. Sandwich Islands. Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) Evita rerrorsa. ul. testé solidd, superné pallidé fulvd, pared, angustd, apice retrorso ; anfractibus pla- nulatis, rectiusculis ; aperturd parva, ovali-oblonga, labro subincrassato, rectiusculo. Ture recuRvED Eutima. Shell solid, pale-fawn above, small, narrow, with apex bent backwards; whorls flat, rather straight; aperture small, oval-oblong ; outer lip rather thickened, nearly straight. SoOWERBY. Hab. Tahiti. December, 1865. EULIMA.— Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) Eutma GraciLuima. ul. testd solidd, opacd, nitente, angustissimd, tortuosé ; anfractibus numerosis, ultino oblongo ; aperturd parvd, ovatd, lateraliter productd, labro crassiusculo, recto. THE VERY SLENDER Evuntma. Shell solid, opake, shining, very narrow, tortuous; whorls numerous, the last oblong ; aperture small, ovate, laterally pro- duced, outer lip rather thick, straight. SOWERBY. TTab, Guatemala. PuLatE IV. Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.) Eunima micans. ul. testé recta, albd, semipellucidd, nitens ; anfractibus rectiusculis, planatis, ultimo ob- longo-ovali; apertura ovatd, angustd, labro rectius- culo, vir incrassato. Tur BRILLIANT Evunima. Shell straight, white, semi- pellucid, shining; whorls rather straight, flat, the last oblong-oval; aperture oval, narrow, outer lip rather straight, scarcely thickened. CARPENTER. Hab. St. Diego. Sowerby, del.et lith. 35 Wu. Vincent Brooks, Imp. EULIMA. Puate V. Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) Euuma r0Ta. ul. testd minutissimd, conicd, alba, lata; anfractibus paucis, planulatis, apice acuminato, tortuo; | apertura subrhomboided, columella rectiusculd, infra | acuminata, labro tenui. Tar por Evuima. Shell very small, conical, white, broad ; | whorls few, flat, apex acuminated, twisted; aperture somewhat rhomboidal, columella rather straight, point- ed beneath, outer lip thin. C. B. Apams, ‘Shells of Jamaica.’ Hab. Jamaica; Panama. A very minute, white, sharp shell, pointed at the end of the mouth, and broad at the base of the conical spire. Species 35. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) EuLIMA NITIDULA. Hud. testd parvd, ovatd, nitidd, solidd, subventricosd ; anfractibus rotundis, centralibus fulves- centibus, apice albo, mucronato ; apertura pared, colu- mellad brevi, subtortud. Tue smMootH LITTLE EuLrMa. ing, solid, rather ventricose; whorls round, the cen- Shell small, ovate, shin- tral ones brownish, apex white, mucronate; aperture small, columella short, rather twisted. Pease, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1860. Hab. Sandwich Islands. A rather thick, /¢ssoa-shaped shell. Species 36. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) EuULIMA ACICULATA. pallide fulvo fasciatd, subdiaphand ; anfractibus nu- Eul. testé subcylindraced, albd, merosis, planatis, apice albo, tortuo, ultimo anfractu ovali; apertura ovali, columella crassd. SHARP-POINTED Euiima. Shell subeylindrical, white banded with pale-fawn, rather transparent ; THE whorls numerous, flat, apex white, twisted, the last whorl oval; aperture oval, columella thick. Pras, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1860. Hab. Sandwich Islands. Of a rather cylindrical form, and slightly banded on the | upper whorls. Species 37. (Mus. Cuming.) EuLIMa RUTILA. apice attenuato ; anfractibus decem, rufo pallidé fas- Eul. testé tenui, vitred, pyramidata, ciatis ; apertura oblonga, ovatd. : THE REFULGENT Evuiima. Shell thin, glassy, pyramidal, apex attenuated; whorls ten, banded with pale-red ; aperture oblong-ovate. CARPENTER. Hab, Monterey. Resembling Z. vitrea, but peculiarly attenuated at the upper end. Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.) Kutima Apamsit. Zul. testd albd, opacd, breviusculd, subventricosd; anfractibus paucis, paululum convevis, ultimo subovali, apertura ovali, labro superne sub- CUTVO. Apams’s Evtima. Shell white, opake, rather short, rather ventricose ; whorls few, rather convex, the last rather oval; aperture oval, outer lip slightly curved inwards above. SoWERBY. E. nitida, A. Adams. Hab. Singapore. The latter name was previously applied to another species by Lamarck. Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.) Eutima rosea. ul. testa conicd, solidd, roseo-fulves- cente; anfractibus septem, rotundatis ; apertura sub- rotunda. THe rosy Euuima. whorls seven, rounded; aperture rather round. Prase, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1860. Hab. Saudwich Islands. This species differs from ZH. nitidula in being decidedly more conical in shape. Shell conical, solid, rosy-brown ; Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.) Eutima FULVEscrNs. ul. testd pared, fuled, hyalina, March, 1866. EULIMA.—Ptrate V. brevi, ventricosd ; anfractibus paucis, rotundis, apice mucronato ; apertura ovatd, lateraliter productd, co- lumellaé et labro viv incrassatis. Tue BRowNIsH Evra. Shell small, light-brown, hya- line, short, ventricose; whorls few, rounded, apex mucronate ; aperture ovate, laterally produced, colu- mella and outer lip scarcely thickened. A. ADAMs. Hab. Isle of Labuan; Dr. Trail. The aperture of this short, ventricose little shell, is late- rally produced. Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) Evutrma parva. Eul. testd minutissimd, alba, subpellu- cidd, medio areuatd, apice distorta, anfractu ultimo ovato ; apertura ovali. Tur Litre Evia. Shell very minute, white, rather pellucid, arched in the centre, apex distorted, last whorl ovate; aperture oval. SOWERBY. Hab. Mazatlan. A very minute, distorted, white species. Sowerby, delet lith a Vincent Brooks, h Reels VM Ac: Pirate VI. Species 42. (Mus. Angas.) Evtima mucronata. ul. testd cylindrica, pellucida, angustatd ; anfractibus sepltem, planis, et tribus apica- libus subito contractis, mucronatis, ultimo oblongo; aper- turd subpyriformi, infra rotundo, columella obliqua, subtortud, labro tenui. THE MUCRONATE EULIMA. narrow; whorls seven, flat, and three apical ones suddenly contracted, mucronate, the last oblong ; aperture subpyriform, rounded below, columella ob- lique, slightly tortuous, outer lip thin. SOWERBY. Hab. Port Jackson, New South Wales; J. F. Angas. Shell cylindrical, pellucid, Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) EULIMA SUBROSTRATA. pyramidatd, prope apicem attenuata, arcuata; anfrac- Eul. testé parva, alba, angusta, tibus paucis, ultimo oblongo, subangulato ; apertura ob- longa, infra acuminata, columella rectiusculd, labro tenui. THE suBROosTRATE EuLima. Shell small, white, nar- row, tapering, near the apex arched and attenuated ; whorls few, the last oblong, slightly angular; aper- ture oblong, acuminated beneath, columella rather straight, outer lip thin. SOWERBY. Hab. ? The aperture of this little species is produced and pointed at the end. Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.) Euurma conica. ul. testé parvd, albd, solidd, pyra- midd, rectiusculd ; anfractibus brevibus, planatis, ul- timo angulato, apice acuto, vie arcuato, suturd dis- tincta ; apertura parvd, subquadratd, infra acuminata, labro crasso, columella subtortud. THE conicaL HuLIMa. rather straight; whorls short, flat, the last Shell small, white, solid, pyra- midal, angulated, apex sharp, scarcely arched, suture dis- tinet ; aperture small, rather square, acuminated be- ueath, outer lip thick, columella rather tortuous. March, SOWERBY. Hab. ? This little shell differs from /. polygyra in the lower part of the aperture being acuminated. It is also more solid, and the whorls are not quite so short. Species 45. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Angas.) EULmMa Prova. dali; anfractibus undecim, convexiusculis, apicalibus Eul. testé solidd, pallide fuled, pyraini- albis, rotundis, ultimo obtusissimé angulato, supra an- gulum fascid rosed interruptd picla ; apertura pyri- form. THE PAINTED Kura. midal; whorls eleven, rather convex, those near the Shell solid, pale-fawn, pyra- apex white, round, the last very obtusely angular, above the angle painted with a rose-coloured, inter- rupted band; aperture pyriform. SOWERBY. Hab. ? - A beautiful species distinguished by a pale band of pink on the last whorl, which is condensed into a spot near the central varix on the back and front. Species 46. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Angas.) EULIMA ATTENUATA. angusta, semipellucidd, albd, pallidé fasciata ; anfrac- ul. testa elongata, subcylindricd, tibus tredecim, planis, ultimo oblongo, apice mucrona- to; aperturd angustd, labro medio producto, infra subemarginato, columella obliqud, angustissund. Tue aTreNuatTeD EvLima. drical, narrow, semipellucid, white, faintly banded ; whorls thirteen, flat, the last oblong, apex mucronate ; aperture narrow, outer lip produced in the middle, Shell elongated, subeylin- subemarginated beneath; columella oblique, very narrow. SOWERBY.. Hab. Fiji Islands. ‘More attenuated than &. aciculata, Pease. 1866. EULIMA.—Ptrare VI. Species 47. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Angas.) Eutrma aucur. ul. testd albd, opacd, solida, obtusd, oblongd, prope apicem via tortud ; anfractibus decem, subventricosis, ultimo rotundo ; apertura ovali, labro medio producto, columella rectiusculd. aucur Burma. Shell white, opake, solid, obtuse, oblong, very slightly tortuous near the apex ; whorls ten, subventricose, the last rounded; aperture oval, outer lip produced in the centre, columella rather straight. Anaas, Zool. Proc. 1865, p. 56. Hab. St. Vincent’s Gulf, South Australia. THE Species 48. (Mus. Angas.) Eurtimma proxima. ul. testa solidd, albd, opaca, nitidd, pyramidali, retrorsum arcuatd ; anfractibus undecim, planis, ultimo obscuré angulato, suturd distinctd ; aper- turd ovali, labro medio producto, columella rectiusculd, crassa. THe proximate Eunima. Shell solid, white, opake, shining, pyramidal, arched backwards; whorls eleven, flat, the last obscurely angular, suture distinct, aper- ture oval, outer lip produced in the centre, columella rather straight, thick. SOWERBY. Hab. Port Jackson, New South Wales. Less solid than Z. polita, with the suture more distinct, and the body-whorl more angular. aciculata, Pease... .. ACULAMVSOWENOY 2a ae acl ach eet Adamsii, Sowerby .......... albus, Donovan........ anglica, Sowerby arcuata, Sowerby articulata, Sowerby... . attenuata, Sowerby . augur, dugas....... ‘Boscit, Payraudeaw .......0-- brevis, Sowerby ...... conica, Sowerby ..... conoidalis, Sowerby Cumingii, 4. ddams . . cuspidata, 4. Adams . distorta, Deshayes............ flexuosa, A. Adams fulvescens, 4. Adums.......... eracillima, Sowerby erandis, 4. Adams hastata, Sowerby iota, C. B. Adams labiosa, Sowerby lactea, A. Addams major, Sowerby ........ Martinit, 4. Adams 2s oe se. Ea MAS. Species. 36 15 38 16 16 14 I 46 47 micans, Carpenter........ nitida, Lamarck nitida, A. Adams ...... nitidula, Pease....... mucronata, Sowerby ...... obesula, 4. Adams opaca, Sowerby ..... PALV A; OWEN OYD ners = -Mehene ents. > PLCtas SOWETO em ea sete eee polite, Zinneus. ose see hee polygyra, 4. ddams.......... porcellana, Sowerby .......... proxima, Sowerby .... pusilla, Sowerby... . pyramidalis, 4. ddams . retrorsa, Sowerby MOL JER Oa depen aged 8 aise rutila, Carpenter .... Sandvichensis, Sowerby Solids S07067:07) -ciarsecesae tien eee subangulata, Sowerby subrostrata, Sowerby . . subpellucida, Pease teinostoma, 4. ddams tortuosa, ddams and Reeve vitrea, 4. ddams .... II. Species 33 26 38 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS VERTAGU “ Are not they Fed by the Almighty’s hand? and every day Fill’d with his blessings too? do they not see God in his creatures, as directors we? Do they not taste thee? hear thee? nay, what sense Is not partaker of thine excellence ?”— Quarles. LD Ashe Y oy] a ee Vertagus PLL. Sowerby, del.et lith. Vincent Brooks, In VERTAGUS. PuateE I. Genus VERTAGUS, Klein. Testa marina, turrita, irregulariter varicosa, longitudinali- ter plicata, seu tuberculata; anfractibus numerosis, gradatim crescentibus, apertura superné in canalen contractd, columelld nonnunquam intus plicatd, mar- gine tumido, posticée calloso, canali retrorso ; operculo corneo, ovali, paucispiralt. Shell marine, turreted, irregularly varicose, longitudinally plicated or tuberculated ; whorls numerous, gradu- ally increasing; aperture contracted above into a canal, columella sometimes plaited within, margin tumid, callous at the back, canal bent backwards ; operculum horny, oval, with few whorls. The shells of this genus are not essentially different from true Cerithia, the plait on the inner part of the columella appearing only in some of the species. The canaliferous tube being bent over the back is the principal distinguish- ing character. four or five only are new since the monograph by Sowerby. Of the twenty-six species here described, Like the Cerithia, their geographical distribution is very wide,—China, Australia, Sandwich Islands, Borneo, the Philippines, Panama, and other places, being represented by shells included in this small number of species. Species 1. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) VERTAGUS CEDO-NULLI. ventricosi, albidd vel grised, fusco seu nigro maculata, spiraliter striata et nodulis moniliformibus seriatim ceinctd ; anfractibus subventricosis, prope angulum tu- berculis magnis, valid? extantibus coronatis ; aperturd Ver. testé breviusculd, medio breviusculd, columella crassa, obliqud, intus biplicatd, canali validé recurvo, labro crenulato. THE INVINCIBLE VERTAGUS. Shell rather short, ven- tricose in the middle, white or grey, spotted with brown or black, spirally striated and girt with bead- like nodules in rows; whorls rather ventricose, coro- nated near the suture with large, prominent tubercles ; | aperture rather short, columella thick, oblique, with two inner plaits, canal strongly recurved, outer lip crenulated. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. Cerithium, sp. 14. f. 38, 39, 40. Hab. Borneo; Lieut. Tayler, R.N. Besides the proportionate shortness of the shells of this species, and their less pyramidal form as compared with V’, obeliscus, they differ in the peculiar sharpness of their sculpture. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) VERTAGUS MACULOSUS. muculis et strigis fuscis variegatd, spiraliter sulcis du- Ver. testd, magna, solidd, alba, plicatis subdistantibus cinctd ; anfractibus superioribus distanter valide plicatis, inferioribus inter sulcos nodu- losis; aperturd magna, subquadratd, labro expanso, elevato, laqueato, antice subdenticulato, canali elongato, labio columellari expanso. Tue sporrep VertaGus. Shell large, solid, white, va- riegated with brown spots and stripes, spirally girt with rather distaut ribs in pairs; the upper whorls distantly and strongly plaited, the lower ones with nodules between the sulci; aperture large, rather square, outer lip expanded, raised, fluted, rather den- ticulated in front, canal long, outer lip expanded. Martyn (Clava maculosa), Univ. Conch. p. 57. Cerithium clava, Bruguicre. Cerithium marmoreum, Wiener. Hab. Galapagos Islands. With the exception of Zelescopium lave, this is the largest of the recent Cerithiade. The upper whorls are characterized by rather distant, solid ribs, and in the lower ones these ribs are broken up into nodules on the interstices of the sulci. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) Vertacus atuco. Ver. testa solidd, medio ventricosi, sublevigatd, rubescenti maculis castaneis vel nigrescen- tibus, aliis parvis aliis magnis, variegatd ; anfractibus supremis angulatis cancellatis, medianis superne sub- angulatis, ad angulum tuberculis magnis, distantibus, subarcuatis, elevatis, armatis, ultimo subcomplanato, lateraliter tumido; apertura subovali, producta, ex- pansd, labro arcuato, super columellam producto, ca- nali elongato. Tur owL Vertracus. Shell solid, ventricose in the middle, rather smooth, reddish, varied with chestnut March, 1866. VERTAGUS.—Puare I. or blackish spots, some large and others small; highest whorls angular and cancellated, middle whorls slightly angulated above, armed with large, distant, rather arched, upturned tubercles; the last rather flat, with a lateral swelling ; aperture rather oval, produced, ex- panded, outer lip arched, produced over the columella, canal long. Linnaus (Murer). Murex coronatus, Born. Hab. Philippines; Cuming. The upper whorls of this well-known shell are angular and ecancellated, and the large, distant tubercles on the upper part of the middle whorl are pointed upward in a peculiar manner. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) VERTAGUS SOWERBII. Ver. subventricosd, levigatd, rubescenti, lineis albis spirali- testa solidd, pyramidali, bus inter maculas parvas lineares et quadratis tessel- latd, maculis magnis nigris raris picta ; anfractibus su- premis angulatis, cancellatis, medianis superné suban- gulatis, ultimis inermibus ; apertura subrotundd, labro expanso, crenulato, super columellam producto, colu- melld brevi, laminatd, canali elongato, valde recurvo. Sowersy’s VertaGus. Shell solid, pyramidal, rather ventricose, smooth, reddish, tessellated with spiral white lines between linear and square small spots, painted with few large black patches; upper whorls angulated, cancellated, the middle ones slightly an- gulated above, the last plain; aperture rather round, outer hp expanded, crenulated, produced over the columella, columella short, laminated, canal elon- gated, much recurved. Kigener, Sp. Coq. Viv. pl. vii. f. 2. Cerithium clava, Sowerby. Hab. Philippines. A more solid and pyramidal shell than VY. aluco. From its form it was believed by the late Mr. Sowerby to repre- sent the Cerithium clava, which had been previously named C. maculosum. The latter shell being now iden- tified, M. Kiener found it necessary to adopt the present name for our shell. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) | VERTAGUS GEMMATUS. Suled, spiraliter impresso-lineatd ; unfractibus inter Ver. testd acute pyramidali, lineas tuberculatis, superné prope suturam angulatis, tuberculis majoribus, inter-maculatis cinctis, ultimo anfractu magno, subcompresso, lutere sinistro tumido ; apertura subquadratd, labro tumido, superné ad spiram elevato, margine crenato, columella supra tumidd, infra laminosd, canali brevi, rectiusculo, aperto. GEMMED Verracus. Shell acutely pyramidal, brown, spirally girt with impressed lines ; whorls tu- berculated between the lines, angulated above near the suture, and girt with larger tubercles, spotted between, the last whorl] rather flattened, tumid on the left side; aperture rather square, outer lip tumid, elevated towards the spire, its margin crenated, colu- mella tumid above, laminar beneath; canal short, THE | rather straight, open. | Hinps, Voyage of Sulphur, pl. xi. f. 5, 6. | Hab. Panama. Vertagus PLL, Sowerby, del.et lith Vincent Brooks, Imp VERTAGUS. Puate II. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) VERTAGUS GRANIFERUS. fusiformi, irregulariter varicosd, longitudinaliter pli- catd, spiraliter striata, plicis tuberculiferis ; anfrac- tibus ventricosis, ultimo fusiformi; apertura ovali, canali postico parvo, tubo canalifero antico, elongato, Ver. testa fulod, pyramidatd, paulo recurvo, labro inflexo, tuberculifero. THE GRatNeED VertaGus. Shell fulvous, pyramidal, sub- fusiform, irregularly varicose, longitudinally plicated, spirally striated, plaits tuberculated ; whorls ventri- cose, the last fusiform; aperture ovate, posterior ca- nal small, canal-tube long, a little recurved, outer lip inflected, tuberculated. PEASE. Hab. Sandwich Islands. This small, fox-brown shell is scarcely characteristic of the genus, the canal-tube being only slightly recurved. Species 7. (Pig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) VERTAGUS OBELISCUS. latd, turritd, ventricosd, grised vel fulvd, castaneo ne- Ver. testé pyramidata, ad basin bulatd, rubro vel nigro maculata et punctatd ; anfrac- tibus rectis, prope suturam angulatis, tuberculatis, cos- tellis tribus moniliferis infra angulum cinctis, ultimo lateraliter univaricoso ; apertura subquadraté, postice callo maguo, columelld anticé laminatd, intus obscure biplicato, tubo canalifero valde retrorso, labro punc- tato rotundo, versus canalem producto. oppLisk VerraGus. Shell pyramidal, wide at the base, turreted, ventricose, grey or brown, clouded with chestnut, spotted and dotted with red or black; whorls straight, angular near the suture, tubercu- lated, girt with three beaded ribs below the angle, the last with a single lateral varix ; aperture rather square, THE with a large posterior callus, columella laminated in front, within obscurely two-plaited, canal-tube strongly recurved, outer lip spotted, round, produced towards the canal. Brueuiber, Enc. Méth. pl. 443. f. 4a, b. Murex sinensis, Gmelin. Hab. East Indies. This well-known species is subject to several marked variations in seulpturing and colouring. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) Vertacus nosis. Ver. testd solidd, elongata, pallida, lonyitudinaliter fasciis obscure fulvis, undatis strigatd, spiraliter lineis elevatis cinctd ; anfractibus NUMETOSLS, superioribus angulatis, cancellatis, medianis et infert- oribus levibus, planatis, ad suturam subtumidis ; aper- turd subquadratd, albd, canali postico magno, callo magno, columella tortuosd, tubo canalifero producto, labro crasso, anticé rotundo, trans canalem producta. Tur NopLE Vertacus. Shell solid, elongated, pale, longitudinally striped with obscurely-fulvous, waved bands, spirally girt with elevated lines; whorls nu- merous, the upper ones angular, cancellated, central and lower, smooth, flat, tumid at the suture; aper- ture rather square, white, with the posterior canal large, callus large, columella tortuous, canal-tube produced ; outer lip thick, rounded in front, produced across the canal. Reeve, Conch. System. Hab. Mindanao, Philippines; Cuming. , A magnificent example of this truly noble Vertagus, defective only on the back of some of the whorls, was pur- chased by Mr. Sowerby at the recent sale of Mr. Cuming’s stock. Species 9. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Verracus rasctatus. Ver. testd elongatd, subpyranida- td, levi, alba, nonnunquam fusco fasciatd, plus minusve spiraliter sulcatd ; anfractibus paulo convexis, superne plicatis ; aperturé obliqud, columella biplicatd, tubo ca- nalifero tortuoso, obliquo, leviter retrorso, labro crasso. Tus BANDED VervTAGUS. Shell elongate, subpyramidal, smooth, white, sometimes banded with brown, more or less spirally suleated ; whorls a little convex, plaited above; aperture oblique, columella two-plaited, canal-tube tortuous, oblique, slightly turned back- wards, outer lip thick. Brucurmre, Enc. Meth, p. 474. C. procerum, Kiener. December, 1865. VERTAGUS.—Ptate II. Hab. \ndian Seas and Philippines. The difference between this species and V’. Martinianus is in the colouring, which in the former is disposed in bands, and in the latter in spots and flame-like markings. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) VERTAGUS SEMIGRANOSUS. Ver, testa subeylindricd, tur- rita, spiraliter striata, alba, fusco maculata, varicibus | albis ; anfractibus rectiusculis, ad suturam supra dis- tanter nodulosis, infra seriebus duabus nodulorum cine- tis, ultimo seriebus nodulorum tribus, inter nodulos | castaneo punctatis ; apertura obliqud, canali postico parvo, columella obscure biplicatd, tubo canalifero | valde retrorso. THE HALF-GRAINED VeErRTaGuUS. Shell subeylindrical, turreted, spirally striated, white, brown-spotted, va- rices white; whorls rather straight, with distant nodules above at the suture, below girt with two series of nodules, the last with three series, spotted | with chestnut between the nodules ; aperture oblique, the posterior canal small, columella obscurely bipli- eate, canal-tube strongly recurved. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. Cerithium, no. 18. Hab. New Holland. Vertagus Pl LIL. Sowerby, delet lith Vincent Brooks limp Vern ArGHUiss Pras wie Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) VERTAGUS GRANIFERUS. Ver. testd pallid? fulvd, fusco pallido diffusa et inter nodulos maculata, subcylindricd, angusté ; anfractibus numerosis, subinflatis, superne prope suturam costd tuberculatd spiraliter marginatd, tum costis duabus graniferis distantibus et infra und proximd cinctis, interstitiis striatis, ultimo anfractu in- fra subrotundo granifero ; apertura obliqua, columella laminatd, intus uniplicata, canali brevi. THE GRAINED VeErtaGus. Shell pale-fawn, suffused with pale-brown, and spotted between the nodules, cylindrical, narrow; whorls numerous, slightly in- flated, above near the suture bordered with a tuber- culated rib, then surrounded with two distant, gra- nulated ribs, one approximate beneath, interstices striated, the last whorl rounded and granulated be- neath; aperture oblique, columella laminated, uni- plicate within, canal short. PEASE. Hab. Sandwich Islands. This pretty little shell resembles VY. Kochii, but it is more finely and uniformly granulated throughout. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) VERTAGUS ATTENUATUS. Ver. testa elongato-turritd, albida, rufo maculata ; anfractibus planiusculis, liris granosis majoribus et levibus minoribus alternatim cinctis ; aperturd obliqud, labro crenato, columella la- minatd, superne plicatd, canali angustd, elongata, ob- hiqua. Tue arrenuatep Vertacus. Shell lengthened, tur- reted, whitish, spotted with reddish-brown; whorls rather flat, girt with large, granulated, and with small, smooth ribs alternately ; aperture oblique, outer lip erenated, columella laminated, plicated above, canal narrow, elongated, oblique. PHILIPPI, Abbildungen, Garin ene Cerithium longicaudatum, Reeve and Adams. Hab. Philippines. The canal of this species is only slightly bent back- wards. March, Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) Vertacus PHaros. albidd, fusco spiraliter teniatd, spiraliter distanter Ver. testa elongata, angustd, levi, sulcatd ; anfractibus longitudinaliter superné costatis, ad marginem superiorem crenulatis ; apertura obliqud, labro laqueato, canali obliquo, tortuo, elongalo, retror- so, columella crassé, prope marginem unituberculata, intus uniplicatd. Tue PHaros Vertacus. Shell elongate, narrow, smooth, whitish, spirally ribanded with brown, spirally dis- tantly sulcated; whorls longitudinally ribbed above, crenulated at the upper margin; aperture oblique, outer lip fluted, canal oblique, tortuous, elongated, curved backwards, columella thick, with one tubercle near the margin, and one plait within. Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 27. pl. xi. f. 3, 4. Hab. Bast Coast of Africa. Narrower and smaller than /. fasciatus, the ribs and marginal crenulations sharper and deeper. Species 14. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cunning.) VertaGts MARTINIANUs. draced, levi, alba, fusco seriatim maculata vel longitu- Ver. testa oblonga, subcylin- dinaliter fasciatd, spiraliter sulcatd ; anfractibus paulo convevis, superne plicatis ; apertura obliqud, columella un'plicatd, medio tumido,canali tortuo obliquo, retrorso, labro crasso. Martin’s Vervacus. Shell oblong, subcylindrical, smooth, white, spotted in rows or longitudinal bands of brown, spirally suleated; whorls slightly convex, plicated above; aperture oblique, columella with one fold, tumid in the middle, canal tortuous, oblique, bent backwards, outer lip thick. Preirrer, Register. Hab. ——? The character of the markings in this species differs from that of /. fasciatus in being vertical instead of spiral in direction, and this difference being constant, may be useful as a special distinction for conventional purposes. 1866. VERTAGUS.—Ptate III. Species 15. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) spirally, distantly ridged, and longitudinally ribbed, VertTaGus Linpatus. Ver. testa oblonga, subventricosd, ridges produced into sharp tubercles upon the ribs; albd, rubro spiraliter lineata ; anfractibus spiraliter ERS oval, oblique, outer lip erenated, acutely distanter liratis et longitudinaliter costatis, liris super eR OSes columella thick, laminated in the centre costas in tuberculis acutis productis ; apertura ovali, within single-plaited, canal obliquely recurved. obliqud, labro crenato, acute spinoso, columella crassa, BRUGUIERE. laminatd, intus medio uniplicato ; canali oblique re- Hab. Pacific Ocean. curvo. Tae trngeaTep Vertacus. Shell oblong, rather ven- tricose, white, spirally lineated with red; whorls The shell represented by Fig. 4 is very characteristic of the species, but Fig. a is not so easy to identify, its seulp- ture putting one a little more in mind of V. Pharos. Vertagus Ll 1]: Sowerby, del.etlith Vincent Brooks,Imp, VOR ear GW s. Puate IV. Species 16. (Fig. a, 4.) VERTAGUS ARTICULATUS. fulvd, fusco maculata ; anfractibus numerosis, planu- Ver. testa pyramidali, turritd, latis, superné subangulatis, ad suturam tuberculatis, medio costis inequalibus moniliferis angulatis cinctis, ultimo dorso ad medium elevato; aperturd obliqud, labro ad spiram elevato, columella anticé laminatd, canali valde retrorso. ARTICULATED VERTAGUS. reted, light-brown, spotted with dark; whorls nume- THE Shell pyramidal, tur- rous, rather flat, slightly angulated above, tubercu- lated at the suture, girt in the middle with beaded angular ribs, the back of the last elevated in the centre ; aperture oblique, outer lip raised at the spire, columella laminated in front, canal bent strongly back- | wards. A. Apams and REEVE. Hab. Kast Indian Archipelago. Species 17. (Fig. a, 0.) VERTAGUS BITUBERCULATUS. Ver. lestd pupeformi, al- bidd, tenuissime striata ; anfractibus superné tuberculis magnis duplicatis armatis, infra costa moniliferd cinclts (ultimo tribus); apertura obliqud, columella obscure uni- plicald, ad marginem laminatd, canali valde retrorso. THE BITUBERCULATED VERTAGUS. whitish, very finely striated; whorls armed above Shell pupiform, with large doubled tubercles, girt beneath with a beaded rib; aperture oblique, columella obscurely uniplicate, laminated at the margin, canal strongly recurved. SOWERBY. Hab. Australia. The large double tubercles on the upper part of the whorls in this shell serve to distinguish it from all others of the group to which it belongs. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) Vertacus CUMINGIL. albidd, maculis strigisque inequalibus rubro nigrescen- Ver. testd ventricosd, levi, solidi, tidus pictd; anfractibus paulo convevis, superioribus tuberculatis et cancellatis ; apertura ovali, columellé postice uniplicatd, labro expanso, arcuato, margine crenulato, canali valde retrorso. Cumine’s Verracus. white, painted with unequal blackish-red spots and Shell ventricose, smooth, solid, VERTAGUS PULCHER. | THE stripes; whorls slightly convex, the upper one tuber- culated and cancellated ; aperture oval, columella with one plait at the back, outer lip expanded, curved, with crenulated margin, canal strongly recurved. A. ADAMS. Hab. Torres Straits. Although this species belongs to the same group with V. aluco and V.. Sowerbii, the differences will be perceived at a glance. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) VERTAGUS VULGARIS. lide fulod ; anfractibus longitudinaliter plicatis, plicis Ver. testa ventricosd, solida, pal- validis, magnis, incisis, infra subevanidis, ultimo an- Sractu subdepresso ; apertura obliqud, angustd, labio interno crasso, calloso, columella uniplicato, canali breviusculo, leviter retrorso. Tur common Vertacus. Shell ventricose, solid, pale- fawn; whorls longitudinally plaited, plaits strong, large, incised, partly disappearing beneath, last whorl rather depressed ; aperture oblique, narrow, inner lip thick, callous, columella with a plait, canal rather short, slightly recurved. SCHUMACHER. erithium Vertagus, Linneeus. | Hab. Moluccas and Philippines. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) Ver. testa pyramidali, solidd, pal- lidd, ad suturam perelevatim nodulosd, inter nodulos nigro maculata, omnino minute granosd et cancellata ; apertura brevi, labio interno uniplicato, antice lami- nato, labro arcuato, canali abrupte ad dorsum reflexo. BEAUTIFUL VERTAGUS. pale, with strongly raised nodules at the suture, Shell pyramidal, solid, spotted with black between the nodules, all over mi- nutely granulated and cancellated ; aperture short, inner lip one-plaited, laminated in front, outer lip arched, canal abruptly turned up to the back. A. ADAMS. fab. N. Australia. It is minutely cancellated in every part, and a black spot be- A very beautiful shell, resembling /’. obeliscus. tween each of the nodules. March, 1865. a a) a Ty Ae TT LE Conte me aT Te)! bury iv NENA TOTEM, datelg Yd bie A an. 4 we ts eA ariel TAN HOR UR Serie AL vino tbat P “Wind re ate Wa ae atte Ova ie ; Siw hy mer tO ay Sa be wale WEAR aie jAull A ay Aor eae 2 it 4h hell ma ; bh Hy alle ee Te Seer hice 2 bndevené tl eit, By ald se ines) oe » CER, Ri th ua Gai ud gl ive PPids snr jalan i | a ee | ' i | 1 oh ARP eel oh ang rye A] LL ee es 4 were T lh flak pa Oe See eV aA Le |, oat “i a? Wt A af 7TH ¥ "ya niw * i Aj. lone cin —— ay BN rc (Pre ALAS 9. 4 i = i? fy Vertagus £1)" Sowerby, del.etlith. Vincent Brooks,[mp. VERTAGUS. PuatTE V. Species 21. | VeRTAGUS ASPER. Ver. testd oblongd, alba, longitudina- liter plicatd, plicis numerosis, acute serratis ; apertura ovali, obliqua, labio interno postice uniplicato, in medio intus oblique biplicato, labro serrato, canali recurvo. Tue roucH Vertacus. Shell oblong, white, longitu- tudinally plaited, plaits numerous, acutely serrated ; aperture oval, oblique, inner hp with a fold at the back, and two oblique plaits in the centre within, outer lip serrated, canal recurved. Linn xus (Murer). Clava rugata, Martyn. Strombus viber, Gmelin. Murex granulatus, Linneus. Hab. Isle of France; Pacific. The several varieties of this characteristic species are narrower than V/V’. ineatus, and their sculpture is much closer. Species 22. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) VERTAGUS TENUI-ScuLPTUS. Ver. testa pyramidali, acu- minatd, turritd ; anfractibus numerosis, superné prope suturam angulatis et tuberculis magnis coronatis, infra triseriatim moniliferis ; apertura ovali, superne elevatda, canaliferd, labro crenulato, canali brevi. THE FINE-SCULPTURED VeErtTaGus. Shell pyramidal, acuminated, turreted; whorls numerous, above, near the suture, angulated and crowned with large tu- bercles, below beaded in three rows; aperture oval, raised above, with a canal ; outer lip crenulated, canal short. SOWERBY. Hab. Australia. Resembling V. gemmatus, but the sculpture much finer. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) VERTAGUS RECURVUS. Ver. testd acuminata, alba, fulvo vel rufo inter nodulis punctato ; anfractibus duodecin, triseriatim granosis, ultimo costellis seplem granosis ornato ; apertura postice canaliferd, labo interno antice incrassato, vie plicato, canali breviusculo recurvo. March, THE KECURVED VeRTaGus. Shell acumined, white, spotted with brown and red between the tubercles; whorls twelve, grained in. three rows, the last ornamented with seven granulated ribs ; aperture with a canal at the back, inner lip thickened in front, scarcely plaited, canal rather short, recurved. SOWERBY. Hab. Red Sea. The fine specimen now figured has been acquired since the original specimen was described from a specimen whose locality was then unknown. Species 24, a, 6. VERTAGUS SEMINUDUS. Ver. tesid albd, pyramidali, spi- raliter sulcata ; anfractibus supra medium angulatis, tuberculis magnis acutis triseriatim armatis, ultimo infra inermi; apertura subquadratd, ad spiram ele- vald, labro intus crenulato, labio interno laminatd, co- lumelld intus obscuré biplicato, canali valide ad dorsurm recurvo. THE HALF-BARE VERTAGUS. spirally suleated; whorls angulated above the centre, armed with three series of large, sharp tubercles, the last without tubercles below; aperture subquadrate, elevated towards the spire, outer lip crenulated within, inner lip laminated, columella obscurely biplicated within, canal strongly recurved over the back. SOWERBY. Hab. New Caledonia. Shell white, pyramidal, This white shell is remarkable for its sculpture, having three rows of sharp, large tubercles on each whorl, the lower part of the last whorl being plain. Species 25. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Vertacus toruLosus. Ver. testa albidd, ad apicem li- vida, costis noduliferis ornatd ; anfractibus ad suturam moniliferis, tumidis, spiraliter costatis ; apertura sub- rotunda, superne canaliferd ; labro expanso, digitato, canali brevi. TuE corpep VerraGcus. Shell whitish, livid at the 1866. VERTAGUS.—Ptare V. apex, ornamented with noduliferous ribs; whorls beaded and tumid at the suture, spirally ribbed; aperture rather round, with a canal above, outer lip expanded, digitated, canal short. Linnaus (Murex). Murex annulatus, Martyn. Murex annularis, Gmelin. Hab. Society Islands. Variety Fig. 250 is a frequently-occurring, irregular growth, peculiar to this species; it may be identified with the more regularly formed shell by the apex, which is cha- racterized by broad ribs with livid-blue between them. Species 26. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Vertacus Kocuit. Ver. testd angustd, pallidd, fusco vel rufo interlineata ; anfractibus spiraliter costellatis, costellis alternatim granosis el planis ; apertura sub- obliqué, labro paulo incrassato, labio interno unipli- calo, canali brevi, recurvo. Kocu’s Vervracus. Shell narrow, pale, interlined with brown or red; whorls spirally ribbed, ribs alternately granulated and plain; aperture rather oblique, outer lip a little thickened, inner lip with a single plait, canal short, recurved. Puriprr, Abbild. pl. i. f. 3. Hab. Kast coasts of Africa. VERTAGUS. Speeics. Plate Plate. Species. ANU COM RN CUS es saeco. se) Le 3 | longicandatum, Adams and Reeve IIL. 12 MUM OF IS AAMEMMN se selec | Ne 25) | maculosus, Martyn ..s..0-8-. 2 annulatus, Martyn............ V. 25 | marmoreum, Kiener .......... I. 2 articulatus, Adams and Reeve .. IV. 16 Martinianus, Pfeifer ........ III. 14 asper, Linn@us.......... hoe NE AP nODIissRncerea eae wey yen Le 8 attenuatus, Philippe ........ 5. UT 12 | obeliscus, BRUGUICN EP ns seers) LL 7 bituberculatus, Sowerby........ IV. \7 INO JU ee cao eo oaeoen. UNE 13 cedo-nulli, Sowerby .......... 4 A apulcherst5 Adamsm cic. PLN 20 Clava BYU UIENe ha: 4-2 eels 2 EAPO IA amd enepoes pall. 6 ClAUas SOWEIDY: 2256 1502-208 es le Ali} MVECUIVSSOE70Y) cc etcialo | Nie 23) CONONATUS BOUIN -2.fe08 be oct ays ee 3 | seminudus, Sowerby .......... V. 24 Comingiuy aS Adams: «a... 2.. ae LN 18 * semigranosus, Lamarck... ...... Die 10 fasciatus, Bruguiere .......... “II. i) sinensis, Gmelin’ \...ass2e2a0 LI. 7 COMMAS 218i. 0. aicca0 eet we 5 WOWERDING AGE? cn aaheectere sere able 1 graniferus, Pease*,........5-- IT. 6 tenuisculptus, Sowerby ........ Vz 22 oyaniterss 46ase: acess eneener) we Ll NS |) torulosuss2enncusta a. 2. asian We 25 Kochi e2hilipnt. 2. ttt Vic 26 | Vertagus, Winneus: cee oct-. LV. 19 lineatus, Bruguiérve .......... III. 15 vulgaris, Schumacher.......... IV. 19 * Errarum.—Plate IL. Species 6, for Verracus Granirervs, Pease, read Vertacus ravipem, Phil. ‘ga PN neal tian an iat oh ny eft, fe if 2¥ AS = “4a =p : ne 1 - 3 i 4 ml NG geen ay eR Milas. 4 we 7 7 = 5 Chae var? \tdameiay mo a ais » (MIR Sip 7 ae hy sc rengidvien pet a y , ag pha 7 > ee eee aint Wh ee it ae Pola 7 i My i ay pt > oo =e ~~ Se ee ee _ 4, a6 > i DD. 3)0>> 4. ii. , SE» a nav . Cine Tempe © Sie 1 ser a ole a Pi ete hd a iy, ee iy = rena ty ok,’ 4 ¢ ee : A amaalitreh a Cele vel fhe Fae ah, 7 _ i = j u j yen hay n . =) ain sing re 2 Aen . v ll ; ; cuhy ea RA) 979 an esate r. ai) c toe 1 ou'e 7 "iterate ” siakinniy. bo ART a ae > A a Shag ibibvettvn ne t 1 i small ies oth 1h a ieabos 4 - ou =e” pride re - i Wiiyitiesili 1. ie. taal ener Oh iran : i ai ‘ i ' o mae Kipasr >i nn oa aint, wi w yh ai i ue ai ae , el Al roa MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS i ties OF lew Me. “ Nature’s beauties, ever new, In another glass I view ; Now I know their Maker too.” George Daniel. POE lt) “OEE Telescopium. Vincent Brooks, Imp. iE baks © O'R wM Genus TELESCOPIUM, Schumacher. Testa conica, turrita ; anfractibus numerosis, ultimo angu- lato; apertura brevi, in canalem brevem desinente, co- lumellé lortud, labro infra valde producto ; operculo corneo, rotundo, multispiralt. Shell conical, turreted; whorls numerous, the last angu- lated; aperture short, ending in a short canal, colu- mella tortuous, outer lip much produced in front ; operculum horny, rounded, multispiral. The type of this genus is the 7. fusewm, which, in com- mon with shells of the genera Cerithidea, Potamides, ete., have rounded, multispiral opercula; and, instead of being marine, like Cerithiwmn proper and Vertagus, are frequenters The second species, 7’. /eve, lias been associated with the first from the of mouths of rivers and marshy grounds. very similar form of the shell, the opereulum being un- known. Mr. Hanley, however, possesses a specimen with an operculum, which, if authenticated as really belonging to it, would restore the species to Cerithium proper, being oval and pauci-spiral. Species 1. (Mus. Sowerby.) TELESCOPIUM FuscuM. Tel. testd conicd, latd, fusco- nigricante, spiraliter profundé sulcatd, inter sulcis planulatim costata ; anfractibus numerosis,-nltimo an- gulato, infra planulato, prope aperturam spiraliter bi- costato, columella oblique tortuosd, rubra, canali late emarginato, labro superné recedente, emarginato infra valide producto. THE BROWN TrLEscopPiuM. Shell conical, wide, blackish- brown, spirally deeply ribbed; whorls numerous, the last angular, flattened beneath, spirally bicostated near the aperture, columella obliquely tortuous, red, canal largely emarginated, outer lip receding, emar- ginated, above, much produced below. SCHUMACHER, Trochus telescopium, Linnzeus. Hab. Kast Indian Islands, near Calcutta, Borneo, etc. This well-known trochiform shell has a rounded, many- whorled operculum. The animal inhabits swamps near the mouths of rivers. Species 2. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Backhouse.) TELESCOPIUM L&VE. Tel, testa alba, ventricosd, spiraliter striata, pyramidali; anfractibus numerosis, superne tuberculiferis, ultimo rotundatim angulato, infra an- gulum subinflato ; apertura obliqua, canali valido, co- lumelld tortud, labro arcuato, infra producto. Tue smooth TELESCOPIUM. spirally striated, pyramidal; whorls numerous, tuber- culated above, the last roundly angulated, rather in- flated beneath the angle; aperture oblique, canal dis- tinct, columella tortuous, outer lip arched, produced Shell white, ventricose, beneath. Quoy, Voy. Astrolabe, pl. liv. f. 1-3. Hab. Austvalia. Although bearing a general resemblance to the fossil Cerithium gigas, this species differs essentially from that shell. It is observable that the whorls of the young shell Increase in size much less rapidly than the later whorls, and the tubercles are more distinetly marked. March, 1865. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CERITHIDEA. “ By the greatness and beauty of the creatures, proportionably the Maker of them is seen.” Book of Wisdom. Certthidea PLL. Sowerby, de] et lith. Vincent, Brooks, Imp CERITHIDEA. PEATE els Genus CERITHIDEA, Swainson. Testa pyramidalis, turrita, longitudinaliter plicata, spira- liter suleata, irregulariter varicosa ; anfractibus plus minusve rotundis ; apertura rotunda, columella tor- tud, brevi, canali circulari, brevissimo, labro expanso, sinuoso, ante canalem producto, rotundo ; operculo ro- tundo, corneo, multispirali. Shell pyramidal, turreted, longitudinally plaited, spirally suleated, irregularly varicose; whorls more or less rounded ; aperture round, columella tortuous, short, canal circular, very short, outer lip expanded, sinu- ous, produced in front of the canal, rounded ; oper- culum round, horny, multispiral. The mollusea belonging to this genus are amphibious in their habits. They frequent the mouths of rivers and the neighbourhoods of brackish water in mangrove swamps, crawling on stones and leaves, in various localities in dis- tant parts of the world. Australia, and the Philippines, with other places, are tri- butaries to this group. The shells of the various species, when placed together, have a generally conformable ap- Panama, Natal, China, Borneo, pearance, although it is difficult in this, as in other cases among these small generic divisions, to fix upon any one constant definable term of distinction. The columella is, however, always short and tortuous, the canal forms a semicircular sinus, with the expanded outer lip produced in front. Species 1. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA ALBO-NODOSA. Cer. tesld pyramidatd, crassa, distanter et validé varicosd, subglauca, cancellatd; an- Sractibus numerosis subrotundis, varicibus crassis, al- bis; apertura subquadratd, labro crasso. THE WHITE-VARICED CrERITHIDEA. Shell pyramidal, thick, distantly and strongly varicose, somewhat glaucous, cancellated; whorls numerous, rounded, varices thick, white; aperture rather square, outer lip thick. CaRPENTER. Hab. ? Although much narrower than Cerithidea varicosa, with white varices, this may be only a variety of the latter. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) CEritTHIDEA Laronpit. led, levi, brevi; anfractibus rotundatis, undatim longi- Cer. testa tenui, pallidé ceru- tudinaliter costatis, ad suturam et infra sulcatis ; aper- turé rotunda, fusco teniatd, labro planulatim expanso, antice sinuoso, producto. Laronp’s CerirTHipEa. Shell thin, pale-bluish, smooth, short; whorls rounded, with waved longitudinal ribs, suleated at the suture and beneath; aperture round, banded with brown, outer lip flatly expanded, sinu- ous, produced in front. Micnaup, Kiener, Sp. Gen. Coq. pl. 24. f. 3. Hab. Jamaica. A smooth shell, with larger whorls than C. costaéa, with which it is associated in Mr. Sowerby’s monograph. Species 3. Cer. anfractibus rotundis, numerosis, longitudinaliter leviter CERITHIDEA TENUIS. testa tenui, turritd, fused ; plicatis, spiraliter ad suturam et infra costatis, superne striatis, costis nodosis ; apertura rotunda, margine re- Jlexa. THe THINCERITHIDEA. Shell thin, turreted, brown; whorls round, numerous, longitudinally lightly plaited, spi- rally ribbed at and beneath the suture, and striated above, ribs nodose; aperture round, margin re- flected. PFEIFFER. Hab. ——? Differing from C. Lafondii in being striated, and in the thin ribs being nodose. Species 4. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA oBTUSA. Cer. testa ventricosd, spiraliter suleatd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis noduliferis, si- nuosis; anfractibus rotundis, inflatis, ultimo infra angulato, striato, labro valde expanso subplanulato, ante canalem producto, apice frequenter deciduo, THE OBTUSE CERITHIDEA. grooved, longitudinally ribbed, ribs noduliferous, si- Shell ventricose, spirally nuous; whorls round, inflated, the last angular and May, 1866. CERITHIDEA.—Ptarte I. . striated beneath, outer lip much expanded, some- what flattened, produced im front of the canal. Woop, Supp. 4. pl. 4. f. 8. Hab. Malacca. This well-known shell frequently loses its apex. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA QUADRATA. Cer, testa pyramidali, fused, spiraliter sulcatd, longitudinaliter crebri-costatd ; an- Sractibus rectiusculis, ultimo infra quadrato, labro ex- panso, anticé producto. THE SQUARE CreriITHipEA. Shell pyramidal, brown, spi- rally grooved, longitudinally closely ribbed; whorls rather straight, the last square beneath, outer lip ex- panded, produced in front. SOWERBY. Hab. Malacca. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA KIENERI. raliter sulcata, longitudinaliter costatd, costis distan- Cer. testa pyramidata, fused, spi- tibus nodulosis ; anfractibus numerosis, rotundis, labro valde expanso, ante canalem producto. KIENER’S CERITHIDEA. rally grooved, longitudinally ribbed, ribs distant, no- Shell pyramidal, brown, spi- dulose; whorls numerous, rounded, outer lip much expanded, produced in front of the canal. HomBron. Hab. Philippines and Borneo. | This is a much narrower shell than C. od¢usa, and the | ribs are more distant. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA SACRATA. Cer. testd fusco-nigrescenti, tenut, levi, elongata; anfractibus numerosis, subrotundis, longitudinaliter costatis, spiraliter subsulcatis, medio albo-teniatis, costis nodiferis, varice uno, laterali ; apertura subquadrata, labro erasso. THE DEDICATED CERITHIDEA. Shell blackish-brown, thin, smooth, long ; whorls numerous, rather rounded, longitudinally ribbed, spirally sulcated, with a white band in the middle, ribs nodulose, a single lateral varix ; aperture subquadrate, outer lp thick. GouLD. Hab. California. This shell approximates nearly to C. varicosa, but it is not, like that species, strongly reticulated. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) CreriItHIDEA MaZATLANIca. Cer. festa nigrescenti, crassa, liris spiralibus et costis nodulosis cancellata, univari- cosa; anfractibus subrotundis, medio fusco-teniatis ; apertura subpurpured, labro crasso, sinuato. THe MazatLan CeritHipEA. Shell rather black, thick, cancellated with nodulose ribs and spiral ridges, with a single varix; whorls rather round, with a brown band in the middle; aperture rather purple, outer lip thick, sinuous. CARPENTER. Hab. Mazatlan. Small, and darkly coloured, with only one varix, but in general characters rather closely resembling C. varicosa, of which it is perhaps only a variety. 713.a. Sowerby, del et lith 72.6, Certthidea FLA 13.6. Vincent Brooks, Imp. CER TET Din: A. Puate II. Species 9, (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA AMBIGUA. Cer, testa pyramidali, acumina- td, fused, costis subnodosis arcuatis longitudinalibus ornata ; anfractibus numerosis, rotundis, sutura pro- funda, ultimo anfractu infra carinato ; apertura parvd, columella laminatd, labro subexpanso, infra producto. THE AMBIGUOUS CERITHIDEA. minated, brown, with slightly nodose, arched, longi- tudinal ribs; whorls numerous, round, suture deep, Shell pyramidal, acu- last whorl keeled beneath ; aperture small, columella laminar, outer ip somewhat expanded, produced be- neath. C. B. Apams, ‘Shells of Jamaiea.’ Hab. Jamaica. Differmg from C. costata in the ribs being nodulose. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA CosTaTa. Cer. testé pyramidali, acumina- ta, nigrescente, costis levibus arcuatis longitudinalibus ornatd ; anfractibus numerosis, rotundis, suturd pro- funda, ultimo anfractu infra unicarinato ; apertura parvd, columella laminatd, labro subexpanso, infra producto. Tue RIBBED CerirHipea. Shell pyramidal, acuminate, rather black, ornamented with smooth, arched, longi- tudinal ribs; whorls numerous, round, suture deep, last whorl keeled beneath ; aperture small, columella laminar, outer ip somewhat expanded, produced be- neath. Woop, Ind. Test. Strombus, sp. 43. Hab. Jamaica. The ribs in this species are plain, and ot nodose, as in C. ambigua. Species 11. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA RiIssoIpEa. costis subceruleis longitudinalibus obliquis, eleganter Cer. testa pyramidali, fused, arcuatis, infra noduliferis, ornatd ; anfractibus convexis, infra spiraliter costatis, suturd profundd ; apertura ro- tundd, fasciatd,columelld arcuald,labro crasso, expanso, ad basin producto, canali inconspicuo . Tue Rissoa-sHaPpEpD CeritHipna. Shell pyramidal, brown, ornamented with bluish, longitudinal, ele- gantly-curved, oblique ribs, which are noduliferous beneath; whorls convex, spirally ribbed beneath, suture decp; aperture rounded, banded, columella arched, outer lip thick, expanded, produced at the base, canal not conspicuous. Sowersy, Thesaurus, f. 289. Cerithium crassilabrum, Krauss. Hab. Port Natal. The light-blue ribs are elegantly curved and regular. Species 12. (Fig. a, Mus. Sowerby; Fig.d, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA CHARBONNIERI. Cer. testd tenui, corned, JSuscd, pyramidali, levi, longitudinaliter costatd, costis levibus, subdistantibus ; anfractibus subplanatis, ulti- mo angulato-carinato, infra spiraliler striato; apertura subquadratd, infra emarginatd, columella brevi tenui, labro expanso, refleco, infra producto. CHARBONNIER’S CERITHIDEA. Shell thin, horny, brown, pyramidal, smooth, longitudinally ribbed, ribs smooth, rather distant; whorls rather flat, the last angulated, earinated, spirally striated beneath; aperture nearly square, emarginated beneath, columella short, thin, outer lip expanded, reflected, produced beneath. Petit, Journ. Conch. 1851. Cerithium unicarinatum, Metcalfe. Hab. Borneo. A very distinct, light, horny species, with carinated whorls and square mouth. Species 13. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA RHIZOPERARUM. Cer. lestd cylindrica, so- lidinseuld, costis tuberculatis longitudinalibus, paulo arcuatis et liris spiralibus cancellatd ; anfractijus uni- fasciatis, brevibus, ultimo angulato, subcarinato ; aper- turd rotunda, ad basin columelle validé emarginatd, labro expanso, infra producto. March, 1866. CERITHIDEA.—Ptare II. THe CERITHIDEA OF THE MANGROVES. Shell cylin- lindrical, rather solid, cancellated with longitudinal, tuberculated, slightly-arched ribs and spiral ridges ; whorls short, single-banded, the last angular, shghtly keeled ; aperture rounded, strongly emarginated at the base of the columella, outer lip expanded, pro- duced beneath. A. ADAMS. Hab. Borneo and Philippines, at the root of mangroves. More cylindrical in form, with shorter whorls and: closer sculpture than C. decollata, C. obtusa, ete. Species 14. (Mig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA DECOLLATA. Cer. testa pyramidata, fusca, | nonnunguam rubro fasciatd, longitudinaliter costatd, inter costis spiraliter striatd; anfractibus brevibus, apicalibus deciduis, ultimo rotundo; apertura rotunda, labro tenui, expanso. THE DECOLLATED CERITHIDEA. Shell pyramidal, brown, sometimes banded with red, longitudinally ribbed, spirally striated between the ribs; whorls short, the upper ones deciduous, the last rounded; aperture round, outer lip thin, expanded. | Linnzus (Murex), Syst. Nat. ed. 12. Turbo pulcher, Dilwyn. Hab. > Variety Fig. a is of a light colour with two reddish bands on each whorl; Fig. 4 is dark-brown, with a lighter band towards the suture, in both the last whorl has the ribs obsolete. Cerithidea PLT. 78. lith: Vincent Brooks, lamp CERITHIDEA. PLATE Species 15. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Cerrruipea Fortuner. Cer. testd levigatd, subventri- cosa, subceruled, fusco fasciata, vel omnino fusca ; an- fractibus paucis, rotundis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis sinuatis, suturd profundd, ultimo anfractu le- vissimo, infra sulcato, labro vix incrassato, sinuato, infra producto. Fortune’s CERITHIDEA, Shell smooth, subventricose, bluish, banded with brown, or all brown; whorls few, round, longitudinally ribbed, ribs sinuated, su- ture deep, last whorl very smooth, grooved beneath, outer lip not much thickened, sinuous, produced be- neath. ADAMS. Cerithium Montagnei, var., Sowerby’s Thesaurus. Hab. Shanghai. Much narrower than C. Montagnei, the ribs smoother, and the aperture much less expanded. Species 16. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Hanley.) CrerrrHipEA Hanupyana. Cer. testa pared, alba, tur- rita, solidd ; anfractibus novem, longitudinaliter cos- tatis, sutura excavatd, costis numerosis biangulatis, medio depressis, arcuatis, interstitiis medio foveolatis, anfractu ultimo infra unicarinato ; apertura rotunda, columella brevi, recta, canalt inconspicuo, labro crasso, rotundo, sinuato, infra medium producto. HANLEY’s CERITHIDEA. Shell small, white, turreted, | solid; whorls nine, longitudinally ribbed, suture ex- cavated, ribs numerous, biangulated, depressed in the middle, arched, interstices with a pit in the middle, last whorl with a keel at the lower part; aperture round, columella short, straight, canal inconspicuous, outer lip thick, round, sinuous, produced below the middle. | SOWERBY. Hab. A very curious little white shell, which appears to be- long to this group, although the operculum is not known. ? Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA SINENSIS. Cer. testd levi, tenui, pyrami- -CerirtHipEa Morcutt. Il. dali, elongatd, subglaucd, superne ad suturam fascid alba, supra medium et infra lineis rubris duabus cincta ; anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis, sulurad unilirata, ultimo anfractu infra subangulatd, ad angulum ob- secure unicarinato, costis vie arcualis, levibus ; aper- turd subquadratd, labro tenui, infra producto, canalt INCONSPiCuo « CHiInEsé CertrHipgea. Shell smooth, thin, pyra- midal, elongate, subglaucous, spirally girt with a THE white band above at the suture, and with two red lines above and beneath; whorls longitudinally ribbed, suture with a single ridge, last whorl slightly angular beneath, and with a single obscure keel at the angle, ribs slightly arched, smooth ; aperture rather square, outer lip thin, produced beneath, canal inconspicuous. Puruierr, Abbildungen, t. 1. Hab. China. A narrower shell than @. cornewm, more neatly banded, and of a less horny structure. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) Cer. testd subpyramidali, tenut, subcaruled, rubro spiraliter teniatd, suleatd, longitu- dinaliter costatd, costis crassis, subarcuatis, nodiferis, interstiliis subplanulatis ; anfractibus brevibus, subro- tundis, ad marginem crenulatis ; apertura parva, intus fusca, labro tenui paulo expanso, sinuato. Moéxcu’s CertrHipea. Shell subpyramidal, thin, bluish, spirally ribboned with red, grooved, longitudinally ribbed, ribs thick, slightly arched, nodiferous, inter- stices rather flat; whorls short, rather round, crenu- lated at the margin; aperture small, brown within, outer lip thin, a little expanded, sinuous. A. ADAMS. Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines. A narrow shell, with shorter and more rounded whorls than C. rhizoporarum, and having fewer nodules on the ribs. Species 19. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA VARICOSA. Cer. testd solidd, pyramidata, Suscd, albo teniatd, liris spiralibus moniliferis, subdis- tantibus, et costis subarcuatis, validis, cancellatd ; an- May, 1866. CERITHIDEA.—Puate III. fractibus subrotundis, ultimo infra angulato, striato, subcarinato, varicibus crassis, nodiferis ; apertura sub- quadratd, columella retiusculd, canali inconspicuo, la- bro crasso, subreflexo, sinuato. varicose CrrirHipea. Shell solid, pyramidal, brown, white-banded, cancellated by spiral, beaded, rather distant ridges and slightly arched ribs ; whorls rather rounded, the last angular, striated, and subca- rinated beneath, varices thick, nodose; aperture rather square, columella rather straight, canal ob- secure, outer lip thick, somewhat reflected, sinuous. Sowersy, Genera of Shells. C. Hegwischii, C. B. Adams. C. Helicoide, C. B. Adams. C. validum, C. B. Adams. Hab. Real Llejos, Central America, at roots of mangroves ; Jamaica; C. B. Adams. THE H. Cuming. The above do not appear to be sufficiently distinct from the well-known form to be regarded otherwise than as varieties. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA IostoMa. Cer. testa solida, brevi, pyrami- dali, fuscd, longitudinaliter costata, spiraliter liratd, costis subnodosis ; anfractibus subrotundis, ultimo in- fra angulato, striato; apertura subquadratd, labro crasso, antice subproducto. THE PURPLE - MOUTHED CERITHIDEA. Shell solid, short, pyramidal, brown, longitudinally ribbed, spi- rally ridged, ribs subnodose; whorls rather round, the last angulated beneath and striated; aperture rather square, outer lip thick, rather produced in front. PPEIFFER. Hab. Cuba. Much shorter than C. varicosa, with the ribs less dis- tinetly nodose, so that it has much less of a cancellated and beaded appearance. Species 21. CERITHIDEA CORNEA. Cer. testd tenui, corned, obscure Suscd, spiraliter tenuistriata, longitudinaliter subdis- tanter costatd, costis levigatis, subobliquis ; anfracti- bus rectiusculis, suturd excavatd, ultimo angulato, infra angulum striato, labro tenui expanso. THE HORNY CERITHIDEA. Shell thin, horny, obscurely brown, spirally finely striated, longitudinally rather distantly ribbed, ribs smooth, rather oblique ; whorls rather straight, suture excavated, the last angular, striated below the angle, outer lip thin, expanded. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thesaurus, Cerithium, sp. 168. fe ios | ° Hab. Borneo, mouths of rivers. Cerithidea PSV 99 CLL 25 49.0. 20. 97 27. Sowerby, del et lith Vincent. Brooks, inp CHR eH Ew heA. PuateE IV. Species 22. (Vig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDBA ORNATA. Cer. tesld turritd, tenui, levigata, Juscd, albo et rubro fasciatd, spiraliter obscure sulcatd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis subnodosis, subarcuatis ; anfractibus rotundis, ultimo infra subcarinato, striato ; aperturd subrotundd, labro expanso, extus incrassato. THE ORNAMENTED CPRITHIDEA. Shell turreted, thin, smooth, brown, banded with white and red, spirally obscurely grooved, longitudinally ribbed, ribs rather nodose, rather arched ; whorls round, the last slightly keeled beneath, striated ; aperture rounded, outer lip expanded, thickened without. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thesaurus, Cerithium, sp. 167, f. 277, 278. Hab. Isle of Negroes, Philippines; H. Cuming.” Species 23. CERITHIDEA SALMACIDA. ritd, fused, longitudinaliter tenuicostatd, costis nume- rosis, sinuatis ; anfractibus rotundis, ultimo infra bi- carinato; apertura productd, labro sinuato, subexpanso, Cer. testa angustd, tenui, tur- tenui. THE SALT-MARSH CERITHIDEA. Shell narrow, thin, tur- reted, brown, longitudinally thin-ribbed, ribs nume- yous, sinuous; whorls rounded, the last bicarinated beneath; aperture produced, outer lip sinuated, slightly expanded, thin. MORELET. Hab. ——? More cylindrical in form than C. cosfaéa, with more nu- merous whorls and closer ribs. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) CuritarpEea Bombayana. Cer. lesld pared, brevi, levigatd, tenut, fuscd, prope suturam alba; anfractibus rotundis, obscuré costatis, ad suturam moniliferis, ultimo infra tricarinato; apertura subtrigond, labro infra producto, Tue Bombay Cerirnipea. Shell small, short, smooth, thin, brown, white near the suture; whorls round, obscurely ribbed, beaded at the suture, the last three- keeled below; aperture subtrigonal, outer lip produced. ! SOWERBY. Hab. Bombay. A pretty little shell, with a row of bead-like, white no- dules on the sutural margin of the whorls. Species 25. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA MAMILLATA. Cer. testa pyramidali, glaued, fusco fasciatd, solidd, longitudinaliter costatd, spira- liter suleatd, costis quadrituberculatis, tuberculis ro- tundis, ultimo anfractu infra tricarinato ; apertura intus fusca, columelld obscure uniplicatd, canali lato, lahro sinuato. MAMILLATED CERITHIDEA. Shell pyramidal, glau- ecus, banded with brown, solid, longitudinally ribbed, spirally grooved, ribs with four tubercles, tubercles THE rounded, the last whorl tricarinated beneath; aper- ture brown within, columella obscurely single-plaited, canal broad, outer lip sinuated. Risso, Enum. Moll. Sicil. i. p. 194. Hab. Sicily. Species 26, (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA MONTAGNEIL. cosd, levigatd, longitudinaliter costatd, fused, albo et Cer. testa pyramidali, ventri- fusco-nigrescente fasciatd, costis levibus, arcuatis ; an- Jractibus rotundis, ultimo infra carinato, infra carinam striato ; apertura magna, rotundd, columella subpla- nulatd, canali angusto, labro late expanso, antice pro- duclo. MontaGne’s CERITHIDEA. smooth, longitudinally ribbed, brown, banded with Shell pyramidal, ventricose, white and blackish- brown, ribs smooth, arched ; whorls round, the Jast carinated beneath, and. stri- ated under the keel; aperture large, round, columella rather flat, canal narrow, outer lip widely expanded, produced in front. D’Orpiany, Voy. dans Amér. Mér. Moll. C. Reevianum, C. B. Adams. C. Largillierti, Philippi. May, 1866. CERITHIDEA.—Puare IV. Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) CERITHIDEA BICARINATA. Cer. testd pyramidali, fusco- nigricante, ad suturam albo-lineata, longitudinaliter costatd, infra spiraliter acute bicarinatad ; apertura | subquadratd, canali subproducto. THE BICARINATED CERITHIDEA. Shell pyramidal, brown- ish-black, with a white line at the suture, longitudi- nally ribbed, spirally sharply two-keeled beneath ; aperture rather square, canal slightly produced. Gray, Fauna of New Zealand. Cerithium lutulentum, Kiener. Hab. New Zealand. Species 28. CERITHIDEA SUBCARINATA. Cer. festa parva, levi, fusco- nigricante, longitudinaliter costatd, infra spiraliter tricarinatd ; apertura parvd, subrotundd, labro paulo | producto, canali brevi, profundo. THE SUBCARINATED CERITHIDEA. Shell small, smooth, blackish-brown, longitudinally ribbed, spirally trica- rinate beneath; aperture small, rather round, outer lip a little produced, canal short, deep. SOWERBY. Hab. New Zealand. A curious little brown shell, showing three rather ob- | scure ribs at the lower part of the last whorl. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) CrRITHIDEA PULCHRA. Cer. testd pyramidali, solidd, ventricosd, spiraliter liratd, longitudinaliter costatd, fused, albo et fuscd-nigricante fasciatd, costis nodosis, arcuatis ; anfractibus rotundis, ultimo infra carina- to, infra carinam striato ; apertura magna, rotunda, columella subplanulatd, canali angusto, labro late expanso, Nigro. THE BEAUTIFUL CEeERITHIDEA. Shell pyramidal, solid, ventricose, spirally ridged, longitudinally ribbed, brown, banded with white and blackish-brown, ribs nodose, curved; whorls round, the last keeled below, striated under the keel; aperture large, round, colu- mella rather flat, canal narrow, outer lip widely ex- panded, black. | C. B. Apams. | Hab. Panama. | More solid than @. Montagnei, the whorls crossed by striae, and the ribs consequently nodose. | The outer lip | is black. sill), ocioo esomeoandade ambigua IDICATIN ALA teettere acute certo oer Bombay an ages -iiseisoioe 1016 ee COStAtAL Ayer tes ewsyis, steve ssuevenee eve @harbonmiert:« «<.scrdece eas ORIEN on orotic caroto ers decollata Fortune Hanleyan are ae stotasvelcarssteers a VOSCOMAlsre pa ceteiarsneve rey IRSLEN OL) seers vaveve cents o, sete Rend coke oe Lafondii Mon tagielscwerstays (= eisi vez sveta\ casi Mazatlanicavyn jt 1. /srcersi-iei cious CER DERI DEA. Plate. Species. 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Leustraca Lt Ll | Sars + = Sowerhy, delet lith. Vincent Brooks, imp LETPOSTRA.C A. Puate III. Species 13. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) LEIOSTRACA PYRAMIDALIS. Lei. testd breviusculd, pyra- midali, subpellucidd, albidd, in medio anfractuwn pal- hide fusco-purpurascente ; anfractibus septem, curtis, rectis, ultimo subangulato ; aperturd ovali. Tue pyramipat Lerosrraca. Shell rather short, py- ramidal, subpellucid, whitish, pale purplish-brown in the middle of the whorls; whorls seven, short, straight, the last slightly angular; aperture oval. SoWERBY. Hab. ? This species rather resembles Leiostraca aciculata, but is shorter and more angular. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) LEIOSTRACA STENOSTOMA. Lei. testd tenui, semipellucidd, subfusiformi ; anfractibus vix inflatis, ultimo oblongo, in medio subangulato; apertura angustatd, columella elongata, labro subangulato, THE NAaRROW-MOUTHED Letosrraca. Shell thin, white, semipellucid, subfusiform ; whorls extremely little in-, flated, the last oblong, subangulated in the middle ; aperture narrow, columella long, outer lip angular. JEFFREYS. Hab. Norway. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) Lerostraca pistorta. Lei. testa parva, albd, pellucida, curtd, medio subarcuatd, depressd, apice incurvo ; an- fractibus paucis; apertura subtrigond, infra subex- pansa. Tue pistortep Lutosrraca. Shell small, white, pel- lucid, short, somewhat arched and depressed in the middle, apex bent forward; whorls few; aperture somewhat trigonal, rather expanded at the lower part. PrASE. Hab, Sandwich Islands. The depression of the centre of the body-whorl, which | is characteristic of several species of this genus, is in this case exaggerated, and extends to one or two whorls above, so that the apex is bent forward, as if some pressure had been placed on the centre of the shell when in a soft state. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) LerostRaca NIVEA. Lei. testd curtd, alba, semipellucidd, subpyramidata ; anfractibus curtis, paulo inflatis, su- turd distineld ; apertura ovali, columella subtortud, tenni, labro Lenuissimo. Tue sNowy LeErosTraca. pellucid, subpyramidal ; whorls short, a little swelled, suture distinct ; aperture oval, columella subtortuous, Shell short, white, semi- thin, outer lip very thin. A. ADAMS. Hab. Japan. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) Lerostraca PuRA. Lei. testd pyramidal, albd, pellucida ; anfractibus numerosis, curtis, rectis ; aperturd angustd, columella subtortud. THE PURE LEIOSTRACA. lucid; whorls numerous, short, straight; aperture Shell pyramidal, white, pel- narrow, columella rather tortuous. A. ADAMS. Hab. Japan. A narrower shell than Zecostraca nivea, with the sides much more straight. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) LHIOSTRACA SUBVENTRICOSA. Lei. testa albd, brevi, sub- solidd, subovali ; anfractibus paucis, inflatis ; apertura ovali, brevi, labro tenut. Tur suBvenrRicosE Leiostraca. Shell white, short, rather solid, rather oval ; whorls few, inflated ; aper- ture oval, short, outer lip thin. SOWERBY. Hab. a May, 1866. LEIOSTRACA.—Prare III. Another species of the more oval form, and differing from Leiostraca Mindoroensis in the whorls being shorter and less inflated. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) Le1ostRaca pauxtLLus. Lei. testé parvd, albd, pellu- cidé, pyramidali, apice acuto; anfractibus brevibus, rectiusculis ; apertura curtd, columelld tortua, labro tenui, infra subexpanso. THE smALL Lerosrraca. Shell small, white, pellucid, pyramidal, apex acute; whorls short, rather straight, aperture short, columella tortuous, outer lip thin, slightly expanded beneath. A, ADAMs. Leiostraca clava, A, Adams. Hab. Japan. As compared with Leiostraca pura this shell has the | apex more pointed, and the aperture more expanded at the base. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) Lerosrraca vincTa. Lei. testd parva, subfusiformi, te- nui, pallida, lineis rubris duabus prope medium an- Sractuum cinctd ; anfractibus subinflatis, ultimo ovali, apice acuto ; apertura ovali. Tuer BoUND Letosrraca. Shell small, subfusiform, thin, pale, girt with two red lines near the middle of the whorls; whorls slightly inflated, the last oval, open, apex acute; aperture oval. 2 Hab. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) Letostraca Marim. Lei. testa albidd, opacd, subcylin- dricd ; anfractibus brevibus, rectiusculis, suturaé dis- tinctd, apice obtuso ; apertura subovali, columella elon- gata, rectiusculd. Mary’s Lerostraca. Shell whitish, opake, subcylin- drical; whorls short, rather straight, suture distinct, apex obtuse ; aperture suboval, columella long, rather straight. A. ADAMS. Hab. Japan. A very cylindrical species, with obtuse apex. el CUD UA eyo Mets arise a) shee? afer kh shrenneaeuis ules AGUEISSIM Ase ee se aeyencnouerens ayn are aciculata bivittata bilineata ... distorta.... fulvo-cincta Metcalfei Mindoroensis.........--- NIA cee ep once ccua) veecesdensy cas! oes HILV GGL arte cman EE ROrS LT TIL. Species 6 / 10 aut — i meweoem ut em 89 RACA. pyramidalis [UN eestereteee= pauxillus TO Ca, stan genenceeke. se ekolateneueaspsikerenecs SILOM ate seenees a hace oneme terest tae SEEMOSLOMA..< caves wise eece te scenes (mailnincHilt eres Se cantando = Sub Venti COSdasteeis oieuersensienene © oe VATITIS oe enchaeive teases euenstsuemeaeire s) sce vincta mI AAT AZOT SI alae Aine tele dirk natal: Hiepsellide _ site ute erla fe 9 Waar - nae iced 9 : Paar : earn. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS Ne 2S -O:. “The Almighty Maker has throughout Discriminated each from each by strokes And touches of His hand.” Cowper. aie Usd. wf sa) * eh ‘Vincent: Brooks, imp rerby, delet ith Sow INGE S 0). Genus NISO, Risso. Testa subulata, pyramidalis, multispiralis, varicibus lineari- bus; avi perforato, aperturd angulatd; labro simplice, acuto; umbilico ad apicem extenso ; operculo pauci- spirali. Shell subulate, pyramidal, many-whorled, with linear va- rices; axis perforated, aperture angular; outer lip simple, acute; umbilicus reaching to the apex; eper- culum paucispiral. The nine species composing this genus are distinguished from the shells of Zulima by the umbilical perforation of the axis and the acuminated lower termination of the aperture. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) Nrso Sanpvicuensts. Nis. testd parvd, alba, brevi, so- lidé ; anfractu ultimo lato, angulato ; umbilico parvo, rotundo, apertura infra acutissimd. Tue Sanpwicu Istanp Niso. Shell small, white, short, solid; the last whorl broad, angular; umbilicus small, round, aperture very acute at the base. SOWERBY. Hab. Sandwich Islands. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) Niso Gonrostoma. is. testa solidd, pyramidali, ob- longa, pallide fulvd, late fusco fasciatd ; anfractibus numerosis, brevibus ; umbilico mediocri, apertura rhom- boided. THE ANGLE-MoUTHED Niso. Shell solid, pyramidal, oblong, pale-fawn, with a wide brown band; whorls numerous, short; umbilicus middle-sized, aperture rhomboidal. A. Adams, Sowerby’s Thesaurus, Niso, sp. 6. pl. 170. f. 1. Hab. Island of Bureas, Philippines; H. Cuming. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) Niso impricata. Nis. testé acuminatd, pyramidali, al- bidd, longitudinaliter rubro lineata ; anfractibus medio subexcavatis, infra angulatis, prominentibus ; wmbilico parco, apertura antice angulatd. THE IMBRICATED NIso. whitish, longitudinally lineated with red; whorls ex- Shell acuminated, pyramidal, cavated in the middle, angular and prominent be- neath; umbilicus small, aperture angular in front. Sowerby, Eulima, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834. Hab. St. Elena; in sandy mud, from six to eight fathoms. The whorls in this pretty little shell are elegantly taper- ing upwards, and swelled near the suture. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) Niso TEREBELLA. Nis. testd solidd, fused ; anfractibus numerosis, brevibus, paulo convevis, ultimo subrotundo ; umbilico carinato, apertura acuminata. Tue LITTLE AuGER Niso. Shell solid, brown; whorls numerous, short, a little convex, the last rather round; umbilicus keeled, aperture acuminated. Cuemnitz, Turbo, Conch. 10. t. 165. f. 1592, 3. Helix terebellata, Broch. Hab. Nicobar Island. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) Niso MARMOoRATA. Wis. testa solidd, ventricosd, allidd, brunneo marmoratd ; anfractibus convewiusculis, ultimo rotundo, apertura breviusculd. Tue MARBLED NIso. ish, marbled with brown; whorls rather convex, the Shell solid, very ventricose, whit- last rounded, umbilicus wide, aperture rather short. Sownrrsy (Eulima), Conchological Illustrations. Hab. Philippine Islands; H. Cuming. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) Niso CANDIDULA. lida; anfractibus brevibus, convewiusculis, ultimo ro tundo; umbilico mediocri, columella arcuatd, acu- Nis. testa late pyramidcti, albd, so- minatd. Tne waite Nrso. Shell widely pyramidal, white, solid ; May, 1866. NISO. whorls short, rather convex, the last round; umbi- licus middle-sized, columella arched, acuminate. A. Apams, Sowerby’s Thesaurus, Niso, sp. 7. pl. 170. f. 4, 5. Hab. Philippmes; H. Cuming. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) Niso spLeNDIDULA. Nis. testd lat? pyramidali, solidd, albido-purpurascente, medio anfractuum interruptim fulvo fasciatd, supra et infra suturam rubro marmo- rata; anfractibus, numerosis, rectis, suturd et varicibus impressis rubro marginatis ; umbilico mayno, ad mar- yinem marmorato. SPLENDID Niso. Shell widely pyramidal, solid, whitish-purple, interruptedly brown-banded in the middle of the whorls, marbled with red above and below the suture; whorls numerous, straight, the suture and varices impressed, edged with red; um- bilicus large, marbled at the margin. Sowersy (Eulima), Pro. Zool. Soc. January, 1834. Hab. St. Elena; H. Cuming. THE An exquisitely beautiful shell. Species 8. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Nrso interrurta. Wis. testd pyramidali, acuminata, ni- tente, albidd, ad varices maculis linearibus brunneis truncatis pictd; anfractibus numerosis, rectis, ultimo angulato, subcarinato ; wmbilico parvo. THE INTERRUPTED Niso. Shell pyramidal, acuminated, shining, whitish, painted with linear-brown truncated spots at the varices; whorls numerous, straight, the last angular, subcarinate ; umbilicus small. Sowerby, Eulima, Pro. Zool. Soc. January, 1834; Conch. Illustr. f. 11. Hab. Central America, dredged in coarse sand at 1] to 13 fathoms; H. Cuming. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) NisoO BRUNNEA. Wis. testa breviusculd, solida, fused ; anfractibus convexis, ultimo angulato, subcarinato ; umbilico parvo, apertura brevi. THE BRowNn Niso. Shell rather short, solid, brown; whorls convex, the last angular, slightly keeled ; um- bilicus small, aperture short. SowrrBy (Kulma), Pro. Zool. Illustr. f. 9. Hab. \sland of Hanau, China Seas. Soe. 1834; Conch. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS POOP =A M | DES. ‘What is His creation less Than a capacious reservoir of means Form’d for His use, and ready at His will?” Cowper. Potarnidles Sowerby, del et litl E Vincent Drooks, im POTAMIDES. Genus POTAMIDES, Brongniart. Testa subfluviatilis, claviformis, pyramidalis, turrita ; an- Sractibus numerosis, angulatis ; apertura subquadratd, canali brevi, labio interno medio arcuato, supra incras- sato et canaliculato, infra in columellam latam in- crassatam desinente ; operculo corneo, multispirali. Shell subfluviatile, club-shaped, pyramidal, turreted; whorls numerous, angular; aperture subquadrate, canal short, inner lip arched in the middle, thickened and cana- licnlated above, ending beneath in a broad thick- ened columella; operculum horny, multispiral. But for the very distinct, broad canal in which the mouth terminates in the two species composing this genus, they might have been very well included in the genus Lampania. Species 1. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Potamipes Pactrricus. grescente ; anfractibus acuté elevatis, levibus, ad an- Pot. testé pyramidali, fusco-ni- gulum nodosis, ultimo prope latus subcarinato ; aper- turd subquadrata, labio interno calloso, columella tor- q 2 tud, labro angulato, sinuato, canali lato. , Ly ’ 3 Tue Pactric PoramipEs. brown; whorls acutely elevated, smooth, nodose at 2 A, > Shell pyramidal, blackish- the angle, the last slightly carinated at the side; aperture subquadrate, inner lip callous, columella tortuous, outer lip angular, sinuous, canal broad. SoweErsy, Genera of Shells. Hab, Tombey, Peru, on mud banks; H. Cuming. Species 2. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PoraMIDES EBENINUS. Pot. testé pyramidali, turritd, Jusco-nigrescenti, angulatd, ad angulum nodosa, spird= liter liratdé; aufractibus angulatis, ultimo ad latus univaricoso ; aperturaé albd, prope marginem fusco tinctd, magna, versus spivam elevatd, labro exlerno expanso, sinuato, labio interno foliaceo, medio arcuato, supra et infra incrassato, canali brevi, lato. THe EBONY PoraMIDEs. blackish-brown, angulated, nodose at the angle, spi- Shell pyramidal, turreted, rally ridged; whorls angular, the last with a varix at the side; aperture white, tinged with brown near the margin, large, raised towards the spire, outer lip expanded, sinuous, inner lip foliated, arched in the centre, thickened above and beneath, canal short, wide. Brueurirg, Dict., Cerithium, n. 26. Hab. \ustralia. This well-known shell is characterized by a remarkably expanded aperture. May, 1866, “ye4e | ered Oe Speen eee : apne a - prem akne te MAPS sneer, < . ee boone Aah the ? Bris nie sheer Seen ae fatty cn sng aetna PE Rea Ra =r ee rabate trite ey