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iJ^UIiLS

£^^02

JOHN BROOKS HENDERSON

GONCHOLOaiA ICONICA:

ILLIJSTEATIONS

SHELLS OF MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS.

PHILIXE.

BULLINA.

NUCULA.

UTRICULUS.

OSTR.EA.

LIXTERIA.

VOL. XVIII.

CONTAINING MONOGRAI'IIS OF TUE GENEHA

SC.VPHANDER.

PHOLAS.

YOLDIA.

L-EDA.

PL AC UNA.

ETHERIA.

]\IIILLERIA.

SOLENELLA.

NEILO.

•pholadomya.

succinea.

:magilus.

CLAVAGELLA.

LIMN.EA.

LIMA.

DENTALIUM.

CORBIS.

LOVELL AUGUSTUS KEEVE, F.L.S., F.G.S.,

CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF WURTEMBDEG, OF THE LYCEU]
NEW YORK, OP THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, ANI
ZOOLOGIOO-BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF VIENNA.

OF NATURAL HISTORY OF
OP THE

CONTINUED BY

G. B. SOWERBY, F.L S.

" Each shell, each crawling insect holds a rank
Important in the plan of Him who framed
This scale of beings ; holds a rank, which lost,
Would break the chain, and leave behind a gap
Which Nature's self would i-ue."

Stniinciflecl.

LONDON:

L. REEVE & CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

1873.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

P H I L I N E,

■ Oh ! what a happy life were mine
Under the hollow-hung ocean green." — Tennyson

^^;

PhihiuPi.l.

Sowerby, del el lith .

Vmceiit Brooks. Day* Soii.lmp

P H I L I N E.

Genus PIIILINE, Ascaimis.

Testa spiralis, pateliifonnis, ovata, vel suhquadrata, alba,

tenuis, spird ccetatd, anfractibus paucis, jmioribiis

parvis, magna, late aperto.
Shell spiz-al, patelliforin, ovate or subquadrate, white,

thin, spire concealed, whorls few, the earlier ones

small, the last large, widely open.
Besides the PUline aperta of our ovm coasts, we
possess several small and very interesting species, such
as Ph. Catena, Ph. pminosa, and others well known to
British naturalists. It is difficult to distinguish by the
shells alone the large Australian species from the Medi-
terranean and British Ph. qimdripartita and Ph. aperta,
for the variations in form are repeated in each species.
Although the fourteen species now enumerated ex-
haust the list of those that are now known, there can
be no doubt that the number of existing species must
in reaUty be much greater that have not been brought
to light, owing to the concealment of the shell by the
animal intetruments.

Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)

Philine Pl.\nci.\na. Ph. tet-td ohUmfjA, siibqitadratd,
Imvigatd, lateribus rectiiiscidis, labia externa postice
subtruncato, supra medium stibcontracto.
Planche's PniLiXE. Shell oblong, subquadrate, smooth,
sides rather straight, outer lip posteriorly sub-
truncated, slightly contracted above the centre.
Philippi. Euum. Moll. Sic. i. p. 91.
Philine quadripartita 1 A. Adams, not Ascanias.
Hah. British Isles. Mediterranean. Philippines.

The figure in Chemnitz referred to as the Philine
quadripartitn of Ascanias certainly represents the pre-
vailing form of the common British and Mediterranean
shell.

Species 2. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Sowerliy.)
Philine apeiita. Ph. testa orato-rotundatd, alba, leviter
undatd; lateribus rotundatis, labio externa postice
October

elevato, sahacuminato, suhcontracto, antice late sub-
emarginato, anfractu penultimo angustuto.
The open Philine. Shell ovately rounded, white,
lightly imdulated ; sides rounded, outer lip pos-
teriorly elevated, subacuminated, rather con-
tracted, anteriorly widely subemarginated, penul-
timate whorl narrow.
Bulla apeuta. Linnoeus. Systema Naturas.
Bidlcea quadripartita. Ascanias.
BulluBa Schro'tcri. Philippi.
Lobaria quadrilohata. Muller.

Hah. Great Britain. Mediterranean. Cape of Good
Hope ? Philippines ?
This being the prevailing form of British and Medi-
terranean Philine, the original name ought to be re-
tained, rather than the new one adopted by Philippi.

Species 3. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Philine coreanica. Ph. iestd oblongd, rectiusculd, stib-
complanatd, pallidissime fulvd, postice angastiusculd,
lateribus rectiusadis, apcrturd postice siibcontractd,
vtrinque rotundatA.

The Korean Philine. Shell oblong, rather straight,
rather flattened, very pale fawn, rather narrow
behind, sides rather straight, aperture contracted
posteriorly, rounded at both ends.

A. Adams. Sowerby's Thesaurus ; species 139. Bulla,
fig. IC6.

Hab. Korean Archipelago.

Specii

4. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby ; tig. c, Mus. Cum.
in Brit.)
Philine Angasii. Ph. testd magnd, ovato-suhquadratd
vel acuminatd, albd, spiraliter substriatd, concentr-ice
leviter undnlatd, aperturd laid, postice subquadratd,
elevatd ; anfractu penultimo elongato.
Angas's Philine. Shell large, ovately subquadrate,
or acuminated, white, spirally substriated, concen-
trically slightly undulated, aperture wide, poste-

1870.

PIIILINE.— Plate I.

riorly subquadrate, elevated ; penultimate whorl

elongated.
Adams. Pro. Zool. Sec.
Eab. Port Lincoln, &c., Australia.

It is difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish the
variable forms of this Australian species from Ph.
aperta, some of them taking the straighter character of
Philippi's Ph. Planciana. The specimens, however,
attain a larger size than either of the above mentioned
species, and it is probable, from the locality, that the
animal is different.

Species 5. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)
PniLiNE TEirNCATissiMA. Ph. tcstd Iri'vi, subquadrotd,
siihcompressd, tenui. diaphand, liiieis conceiitricis

opacis distantibiis, antice angidatis notatd ; aperturd
antice latissiind, late tmncatd ; labia extemo angii-
lato.
TuE \-EP,T THDNCATE PniLKE. Shell short, subquad-
rate, subcompressed, thin, diaphanous, marked
with distant concentric opaque lines which are
angular in front ; aperture very wide in front,
widely truncated ; outer lip angular.

SOWERBT.

Ilah.

This transparent little species is remarkable for the
truncated character of the widened anterior, producing
an angle on the lower part of the outer lip ; which is
beautifully indicated by the opaque white lines deli-
neating the edges of former outer lips.

li^

V

riillinr PI. II.

^i)

l§

^- \

SowerLydel et. lith

Vincent Brooks Diiv*

P H I L I N E.

Plate II.

Species G. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

PhILINK SCUTUI.UM. rii. I.sh'i (,i;it,'-siil„iii,i,lrnl'l,
tire lix tninnitn, (illi.'i, ^iih,,, ll,i,l<l,i. Jasrils I
Stlbincrassati.f, sin'is jiunrUitis. ah, mix .•nrp,- tci
US,... nn,.„„, ,/</,rr

oribus sculj/tii ; a/n

labro postice paritm prtii/iicto, i/,iii hriltr iiiiimf.^n,
subrecto ; margine coliim, llnri ni/ilr (irniafo ; aptr-
turd valde expnnm.

The shield Philine. Sliell ovately-subqiiadrate, an-
teriorly very slightly truncated, white, subpellucid,
sculptured with two thick bands and punctured
striae alternately, often thinner ; ape.x narrow,
bordered, depressed; outer lip a little produced
posteriorly, then slightly pressed inwards, nearly
straight ; cohiincllar margin arched, aperture mucli
expanded.

LovEN. Ind. Moll. Scand., p. 9.

Hah. Greenland.

More qiiadrate in form than I'hiliiir ralfiia, and
having the whorls bordered with twn thickened bands.

Species 7. (Fig. a, />, Mus. Jeffreys.)

Philine nitid.\. Ph. testa minutd, oblongo-subqnad-
ratA, politd, aperturd postice subcontractd, antice
rxpansd, subrotinidatd ; labia e.vtcrno postice depresso,
vix (ingnlato ; .<:pind hand ccelatd.

The shining Philine. Shell minute oblong-snb-
quadrate, smooth, aperture posteriorly subcon-
tracted, anteriorly expanded, a little rounded ;
outer lip posteriorly depressed, very little angu-
lated ; spire not hidden.

Jeffreys. British Conchology.

Hab. British Isles.

Specie

(Mus. Cum. ill Brit.)

Philine catena. Ph. tcstd paird, cdhd. ovato-sub-
pyraniidatd, spiraliter niimite catenifird, apertnrd
postice contractd, antice stibcipansd, labia externo
piostice rotunda, hand elevato ; anfractu pamltimo
subfusifonni.

October

The chain Philine. Shell small, white, ovate!y-sul)-
pyramidal, spirally minutely chain-marked, aper-
ture posteriorly contracted, anteriorly a little
expanded, outer lip posteriorly rounded, not ele-
vated ; penultimate whorl rather fusiform.

MiiXTAGUE. (BullKa). Testacea Britanuica, pi. 7, f. 7.

BiiUcm catcmdifera. MacgiUivray.

Hub. British Islands.

This little shell must not be confounded with the

Scaphander scabra, ov pectinata. wliich is ornamented

by a similar chain-like sculpture, but which is much

more Scaphander-like in form, and has protruding

denticles on the outer edge of the lip.

Species 9. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

Philine punctata. Ph. testa orato-oblongd, teindssimd,
alba, pellucidd, nitidd, lineis punctatis spiralibus
scidpfd, postice contractd, obtusd, vix timbilicatd, an-
tice expansd, rotundatd.

TiiK PUNCTURED Philine. Shell ovate-oblong, very
thin, white, pellucid, smooth, sculptured with
spiral lines, posteriorly contracted, obtuse, scarcely
umbilicated, anteriorly expanded, rounded.

A. Adams. Trans. Linn. Soc, pi. 1, f. 6-8.

Ilab. Great Britain.

Species 10. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

Philine pruinosa. Pb. pared, subglobosd, bifasciatim
subpruinosd, mimitissime reticulatd, supra medium,
subconslricta ; margine columellari valde arcuato
subreflexo.

The plum-coloured Philine. Shell small, subglobose,
plum-coloured in two bands, a little constricted
above the middle, very minutely reticulated, colu-
mellar margin much arched, subreflected.

Clark. (Bulla^a) Zoological Journal, 1827, p. 339.

Ilab. Great Britain.

Species 11. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)
Philine orientalis. Ph. iestd magna, albd, snbcom-
pi-essd, ociito-rotundatd, crassiuseuld, subopacd, con-

1870.

PHILINE.— Plate II.

centrice subliratd ; aperUrd latissimd, labio externa
postice subproducto, antice rotundato, margine colu-
mellari valde excavato.

The oriental Philine. Shell large, white, subcom-
pressed, ovately rounded, rather thick, somewhat
opaque, concentrically ridged ; aperture very \vide,
outer lip posteriorly slightly prodviced, anteriorly
rounded, columellar margin much excavated.

Adams. MS. Mus. Cum.

Hab. ?

Wider and of a more rounded oval form than I'h.
aperta, Anfjasii, &c.

Species 12. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Jeffreys.)

Philine angul.^ta. Ph. testa parvd, subquadratd, sub-
compressd, diapliand, jwstice fascid opacd rimatd ;
spind partim conspicud, truncatd ; labio externa pos-
tice depresso, cuneato, antice obliqub truncato.

The angular PuiLrNE. Shell small, subquadrato.

.subcompressed, diaphanous, posteriorly bordered
with an opaque band ; spire partly visible, trun-
cated ; outer lip posteriorly rather depressed,
cuneated, anteriorly obliquely truncated.

Jeffreys. British Conchology.

Ilab. Great Britain.

Species 13. (Mus. Jeffreys.)

Philine quadrata. Ph. testd parvd, albd, subquadratd,
postice contractd, truncatd, antice expansd, late
truncatd, subanijulatd ; anfractu tdtimo subventricoso,
mwijiue columi'llari subtortuo, excavato, tenuissimo.

The qqadr.we Philine. Shell small, white, subquad-
rate, posteriorly contracted, truncated, anteriorly
expanded, widely truncated, rather angular ; last
whorl rather ventricose, columellar margin slightly
tortuous, excavated, very thin.

Jeffreys. British Conchology.

Hah. Great Britain.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

B U L L I N A.

Like the long waves on a sea-beach,

Where the saud as silver shines,

With a soft monotonous eadence

Flows its unrliymed lyric Vines."— Lotigfellow.

BnUinaPlJ.

Vmcent -Brooks , Day <E; £

B U L L I N A.

Genus BULLINA, Ferussac.

Testa Bullcefarmis, plerumque solida, ovata, spiraliter
cicala, post columellam sulninibiUcala ; sjnrd ex-
sertd ; columella plus minusve tortud.
Shell BuUa-sliaped, generally solid, ovate, spirally sul-
cated, slightly umbilicated behind the columella;
spire produced ; columella more or less tortuous.
Three species of this genus were published in Mr.
A. Adams's Monograph, from Japan, Ceylon, and Aus-
tralia. The two species now added are from the Sand-
wich Islands. In the solidity of the grooved shell and
the exsertion of spire, the Bullinm differ from the gene-
rality of the family. The animal does not appear to be
yet known.

Species 1. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

BuLLK.\ scAiu!.\. Bvl. tesld ovatd, scabrd, spiraliter
tenuissimi Uratd, slriis longiludinallhus decussatd ;
albidd, lineis binis perdistantibus spiraliter cinctd,
lineis flammalis undatis roseis lomjitudinaliter
omatd ; spird parilm elevatd, obtusd ; columella
sinuosd reflexd.
The scabrous Bullina. Shell ovate, scabrous, spirally
very finely lirated, decussated with longitudinal
strife ; whitish, girt with two very distant spiral
lines, longitudinally ornamented with red flame-
like, undulated lines ; spire a little elevated, ob-
tuse ; columella sinuous, reflected.
Chemnitz. Conchology, tab. 14(J, f. 1352, 1353.
Ilah. Japan.

The scabrom Bidlina differs from the lineated one
in the minute decussation of the ribs and in being more
ovate in form. The longitudinal lines are also con-
tinuous, and more flame-like.

et alteris longitudinalibus, subundatis, distantibus,
disjuiictis omatd, spiraliter costatd, coslis Imvigatis,
interstitiis punctatis ; spird ohtusd, siibekratd, co-
himelld uniplicatd, tortud.

The lineated Bullina. Shell subovate, ventricose,
yellowish or rosy white, ornamented with two
"bright red lines and others longitudinal, slightly
waved distant, disjoined; spire obtuse, rather
elevated ; columella uniplicate, tortuous.

Wood (Bulla). Ind. Test., suppl. pi. 3.

Bidla undata, Bruguiere.

Hah. Australia.

Instead of the scabrous strioe of the last species, we
have here smooth ribs with punctured interstices.

Species 2. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)
Bullina lineata. Bui. testa stibovatd, ventHcosd, luteo-
vel roseo-albd, lineis rubris vividis duahis spiraliter

October,

Species 3. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Bullina BnuGuiEM. Bui. testd oblongo-ovatd, pallidd,
fasciis carmineis duabus lalis spiraliter cinctd,
inter fascias lineis arcuatis rubris distantibus
notald; spiraliter costald, costis scabris, planu-
latis, interstitiis lineis elevatis decussatd; spird
prominuld ; apice obtuso, anfractibus tribus
rotundis ; apeHurd antice prodmtd ; labio acuta
intUs sulcata, columelld reflexd elongatd, tortud.

Bruguiere's Bullina. Shell oblong-ovate, pale,
spirally girt with two broad bands of carmine,
marked between the bands with distant arched red
lines; spirally ribbed, ribs scabrous, flattened,
interstices decussated with elevated lines; spire
rather prominent; apex obtuse, with three
rounded whorls; aperture anteriorly produced;
outer lip acute, sulcated within, columella
reflected elongated, tortuous.

A. Adams. Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchylioruni.
Bulla, No. 3.

Hub. Ceylon.

Instead of the distant spiral red lines of Bidliini
lineata, this species presents two broad bands.

BULLINA.

8p.

(Mus. Brit.)

BuLLiNA viTR^A. Bul. testd, ovatd, tenui, pellucidd,
scahrA, spiraliter tenuiter costatd, albidd, non-
nunquam lineis duabus spirodihus distantibtis
griseis notatd ; coluraelld truncatd, spird brevius-
culd.

The glassy Bullina. Shell ovate, thin, pellucid,
scabrous, spirally finely ribbed, whitish, some-
times marked with two si)iral distant grey lines ;
columella truncated, spire ratlier short.

Pease. ?

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

There are two specimens ol' this very pellucid shell
in the case at the British Museum, one only of which
has the two spiral distant lines.

Species 5. (Mus. Brit.)

Bullina lauta. Bul. testd ovatd, obtiisd, spiraliter
bilineatd, longitudinaliter undato-lineatd, spira-
liter tenuiter costatd ; spird brevissimd, vbtusd,
columella tortud.

The neat bullina. Shell ovate, obtuse, spirally
bilineated, longitudinally wavily lineated, spirally
finely ribbed ; spire very short, obtuse, columella
tortuous.

Pease. ?

Ilah. Sandwich Islands.

The peculiar shortness and obtuseness of the spire,
aud the comparative closeness of the sculpture, may
be sufficient to distinguish this species from the pre-
ceding.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENU;

N U C U L A.

■Within the shadow of tlie ship
I wutch'd their rich attire —
lilue, iflossy <,'reen, mid velvet blacii." t'nicridge.

Nucula I'll

r'^:

%

^

^

V?--

Sowerbv,ilel et litli

Ymcerit Brook Day,? Son,

N U C U L A.

Genus NUCUTLA, Lamakits.
TesUx bivcdvis, biimcsculosa, plus miaiisve ovato-
trkjona, ulrinqiie plerumqae ela2isa, epidermule
imliUA; latere poatico breviore, upidhus versus
lateram podicum imlinalh ; inius margarikwed,
irtargine cardinali dentibus nwmrosis acutis ex-
stantibm seriatim depositis uirinqm arinatd ;
ligametitum externum nuUma. (JartiUigo elastica
infoveam medianum deposita.
Shell bivalve, bimuscular, more or loss ovately tri-
angular, generally closed at botli ends, covered
with an epidermis; posterior side shorter, with
apices turned towards the posterior side; pearly
within, the hinge margin armed with numerous
sharp out standing teeth plaee.l in a row on each
side; no external pit. An ela-^tir cartilage placed
in a central pit.
The thirty-three species included in tin' genus
restricted as above, form a very fairly cirrvunscribed
group. The shortness of the posterior side towards
which the apex turns in all the species, and the closed,
or nearly closed margins, together with the general
appearance, make every Nucula distinguishable at a
glance from Loedce, YokUa;, &c. The geographical range of
true Nuculce is perhaps wider than that of other genera
of the same family. Our own seas produce five, of
which several are also tenants of the Mediterranean
and iEgean Seas. One or two reach the Arctic circle,
while several others extend southwards to our anti-
podes. China and Japan in tlie east balance N. America
in the west : each contributes its quota to the little
group. ^

Species 1. (Mus. Ci

Brit.)

Nucula co.nve.xa. Nw:. iestd ohUqni ovatd, sohdd,
IfBvigatd, convexd, /,dvd, cmndeo palUdi fasciatd,
comentrice obsolete liratd ; latere postlco sub-
angulato, subproducto, rotundo ; latere antic,
oblique irroducto, mar.jine dorsali convexo, margme
ventraliantice convexo; apicibi's rotundi.^, epuler-
mide ignotd.

F.-bru;

The con-vex Nucula. Shell oblicjuely ovate, .solid,
smooth, convex, fulvous, lightly banded with blue,
concentrically obsoletely ridged ; posterior side
subangular, a little produced, rounded; anterior
side obliquely produced, dorsal margin convex,
ventral margin anteriorly convex ; apices rounded ;
epidermis unknown.

SowEUBY. Cone. lUust, f. 2, Thes. Cone. llanU-y on
Nucula, p. 28.

Hah. China (Straits of Malacca).

A smooth, full shell, only known by specimen.^ tr...ni

which the epidermis has been removed.

Species 2. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Nucula nucleus. Nuc. tedd trigond, subetevatd, sub-
Icevigatd, obscure teiiaissime striata et ad margines
laterales concentrice liratd, subventricosd, solidd ;
latere 2}ostico brevi, subp^pendiculari, angulato ;
latere antico acuminatim producto, margine dor-
sali declivi. Intas margine veutrali crenato.

The nut Nucul.\. Shell trigonal, subelevated, rather
smooth, obscurely very finely striated and concen-
trically lirated at the lateral margins, rather
ventricose, solid; posterior side short, rather
perpendicular, angulated ; anterior side acumi-
nately produced, dorsal margin sloped. Ventral
margin crenulated within.

LiNN^us (Area), Systema Naturae.

Glycimeris argeiUcea, Da Costa.

Nucula Margaritacea,, Lamarck.

Hab. British and European Seas.

Species 3. (Mus. Sowerby, &c.)
Nucula decussata. Nuc. tesid, solidd, ti-igond, elevatd,
subcompressd, rugis concentricis et sfriis radian-
tihis decussatd ; margine ventrali crasse crenato ;
lumdd -niagnd, convexd, medix) Icevigatd, margme
corrugato ; apicibus elevatis, subacuminatis, lateri-
bus declivis.

NUCULA.— Plate I.

The decussated Nucula. Shell solid, trigonal, elevated,
rather compressed, decussated with concentric
ridges and radiating stria; ; ventral margin
tliickly crenated ; lunule large, convex, smooth in
the middle, corrugated at the margin ; apices
elevated, subacuminated, sides sloped.

SowEEBY. Cone. lUust., f. 18. Thes. Cone. Hanley,
Sp. 1.

Nucula sulcata, Philippi.

Hal. British and Mediterranean Seas.

Species 4. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Nucula mirabihs. Nuc. testd oblique trigond, suh-
compressd, solidd ; divaricatim costellatd, costellis
angidos acutos in medio testes formatUihus ; latere
postico brevi, obscure biangulatd ; latere antico
oblique acuminatim producto.

The wonderful Nucula. Shell obliquely trigonal, sub-
compressed, solid ; divergently ribbed ; riblets
forming acute angles in the middle of the shell ;
posterior side short, obscurely biangular ; anterior
side obliquely acuminately produced.

Adams and Eeeve. Zool. Samarang, 75, pi. 21, f. 8.

Hab. Japan.

The sculpture of this shell is very beautiful. It is

one of the largest species.

(Mus. Cuming

rit.)

bpecies 0.

Nucula Cumingii. Nuc. testd ovatd, utrinque subacu-
minatd, subcompressd, lavigatd ; latere postico
acuminatim jjroducto, lunidd parvd lanceolatd,
idanulatd ; apice acuminata ; margine ventrali
semicircidari ; latere antico producto, ad termiaum
subacuminato, margine dorsali subcremdato, ared
impressd ad marginem convexd.

Cuming's Nucula. Shell ovate, subacuminated at each
end, subcompressed, smooth ; posterior side
acuminately produced, lunule small, lanceolate,
flattened ; apex acuminated ; ventral margin
semicircular; anterior side produced, a little
acuminated at the end ; dorsal margin slightly
crenulated ; with an impressed margin convex at
the margin.

Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 97.
Ilab. Indian Archipelago.

A very smooth shell, in which the posterior side is a
little more produced than usual, and in which both ends
are acuminated.

Species 6. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Nucula infl.\ta. Nuc. testd ovato-suhrotundd, Icevi-
gatd, injlatd, obtusd ; latere postico brevlhsculo,
lunuld indistinctd, panulatd, apice ohtuso, mar-
gine ventrali conveoco ; latere jwstico oblique tumido,
vix angulato, margine dorsali valde convexd.

The inflated Nucula. Shell ovatelysubrotund, smooth,
inflated, obtuse; posterior side rather short,
lunule indistinct, flattened, apex obtuse, ventral
margin convex ; posterior side obliquely tumid ;
scarcely angular ; dorsal margin very convex.

H.VNDCOCK. Ann. of Nat. Hist., 1846, p. 333, pi. 5,
f. 13, 14.

Nucula obliquata. Beck.

Hab. Arctic Seas.

More swollen, obtuse, and tumid than Nucula tenuis,
which it otherwise resembles.

Species 7. (Mus. D'Orbigny in Brit.)

Nucula Puelcha. Nuc. testd oblique donaciformi,
solidd, injlatd ; Icevigatd, albidd, versils mar-
ginem ventralem et ad latera concentrice rugatd ;
latere postico brevissimo, truncate ; apice obtuso ;
latere antico oblique producto; margine ventrali
antice oblique convexo.

The Puelcha Nucula. Shell obliquely donaciform,
solid, inflated ; smooth, whitish, concentrically
wrinkled towards the ventral margin and at the
sides ; posterior side very short, truncated ; apex
obtuse ; anterior side obliquely produced ; ventral,
margin anteriorly obliquely convex.

D'Orbigny. Amer. Merid., G24, pi. 84, i\ 24-G.

Hab. San Bias, Puelcha, &c., N. Patagonia, Central
America

An oblique donaciform shell, much inflated towards
the anterior side.

Nwif/a P/.If.

1^

^

^

^

SowerW.del et lith

Vincent Brooks, Pay ,i Son. Imp

N U C U L A.

Species 8. (Fig./ a, h, Mus. Sowerby.)

NucuLA MiTBALis. Nuc. testd oblique donaciformi,
ventricosd, nitidissimd ; latere postico elonga'.o,
margtne dorsali denticulato, convexo-declivi, de-
preasd ; termino acuminata, margine ventrali sursum
acclivi, wnbonibus elevatis, tenninalihus, latere
antico brevissimo, truncato.

The mitke Nucula. Shell obliquely wedge-shaped,
ventricose, very smooth ; posterior side elongated,
dorsal margin denticulated, convexly sloped,
depressed ; end acuminated, ventral margin sloped
upwards, umboes elevated, terminal, anterior side
very short, truncated.

Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843.

Nucula gibba, A. Adams.

Ilab. Straits of Malacca, Hinds. Australia, Strange.

Species 9. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Nucula striolata. Nuc. testd planiweuld, inditrigond,
])allide olivaced, obliqnA, ininutissime radiatim stri-
ata, latere postico producto, margine dorsali declivi,
termino subacuminato, margine ventrali convexius-
culo; latere antico brevi, ared lunulari prominuhl.

The striolated Nucula. Shell rather flattened, sub-
trigonal, pale olive, oblique, very minutely
radiately striated ; posterior side produced, dorsal
margin sloped, end subacuminated ; ventral margin
rather convex ; anterior side short, lunular area
prominent.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 185G, p. 53.

Ilab. New Zealand.

The sulcated Nucula. Shell oblique, subovate, thick,
ventricose, sculptured concentrically with flexuous,
undated sidci, posterior side subtrigonal, dorsal
margin sloped ; anterior side rather short ; lunule
small ; umboes prominent, oblique, full.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1856, p. 53.

Hab. New Zealand.

Species 10. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Nucula sulcata. Nuc. testdobliqud, subovatd, crassd,
ventricosd, sulcis Jlexuosis undafis concentrice
aculptd ; latere postico subtrigono, margine dorsali
declivi ; latere antico brrvinsctilo ; liinuld parvd ;
umbonibus prominentibui:, obliquis, amplis.

October

Species 11. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Nucula Belottii. Nuc. testd inflatd, tenui, brevi, ele-
vatd, nitidissimd, olivaceo-virescenti, ad umbones
Icevigatis, medio et injra temnter concentrice rugatd ;
latere postico lata, margins dorsali declivi, angulato,
termino rotundo, obtuse ; latere antico hrevi, trun-
cato ; lunuld elongatd convexd ; margine ventrali
postice valde convexo, umbonibus elecatis, obliquis,
subterminalibus.

Belott's Nucula. Shell inflated, thin, short, elevated,
very shining, olive-green, smooth at the umboes,
finely concentrically wrinkled in and below the
middle ; posterior side wide, dorsal margin sloped,
angular, end rounded, obtuse ; anterior side short,
truncated ; lunule elongated, convex ; ventral
margin posteriorly very convex; umboes elevated,
oblique, subterminal.

A. Adams. Proc Zool. Soc, 1856.

Ilab. Arctic Ocean.

Species 12. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Nucula radiata. Nuc. testd oblique donacifonni, solidd,
concentrice ad latera tenuissime liratd, radiatim
roseo fasciatd ; latere postico obliqtie producto, infrd
medium ad terminum subacuminato, margine dorsali
usque ad terminum conveoco-declivi, margine ventrali
acclivi, medio convexo, umbonibus subterminalibus,
elevatis, latere antico truncato, lunuld vix convexd.

The rated Nucula. Shell obli([ueIy wedge-shaped,
solid, concentrically very finely ridged at the sides,
rayed with pink ; posterior side obliquely pro-
duced, subacuminated at the end lower than die

1870.

NUCULA.— Plate II.

centre, dorsal margin eonvexly sloped as far as the
termination, ventral margin sloped upwards, con-
vex in the middle ; umboes subterminal, elevated,
anterior side truncated, lunule scarcely convex.

Hanlet. Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Nucula,
sp. 4, f. 123, 124.

Area nucleus, Turton.

Nvcula Mar/aritacea, Sowerby.

ffab. Britain ; S. Europe.

More compressed and more obliquely produced than
Nucleus. Some specimens occur in which the cuticle
is very dark, totally obscuring the rays.

Species 13. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Nucula GrtAYi. Nuc. testd ovatd, valde iransversd,
utrinque suhacuminata, tenui, subinflatd, niti-
dissimd, olivaced, latere jyoslico producto, ared
dorsali compressd, elevatd, subaliBformi, termino
acuminato ; latere antico suhproducto, cuneato,
lunuld brevi, circwmscriptd.

Grat's Nucleus. Shell ovate, very transverse, slightly
acuminated at both ends, thin, rather inflated,
very smooth, olive ; posterior side produced,
dorsal area compressed, elevated, subaliform, end
acuminated ; anterior side a little produced,
cuneated ; lunule short, defined.

D'Orbignv. Amerique Jleridionale, p. 53.

Hah. New Zealand.

Species 14. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

Nucula obliqua. Nuc. testd solidd, magnd, oblique
ovatd, subcompressd, sublcevigatd, hand radiatd,
intiis argented ; latere posiico ovato ; latere antico
truncato, umbonibus terminalihus.

The oblique Nucula. Shell solid, large, obliquely
ovate, subcompressed, rather smooth, not rayed,
silvery within; posterior side produced, ovate,
anterior side truncated, umboes terminal.

Lamarck. Animaux sans vertebras.
Ilab. Australia.

A larger and more solid shell than Nuctda radiata,
and more ovate in general form. It is not at all
rayed.

Species 15. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Nucula Stkasgel Nuc. testd obliqud, tenui, ohlongd,
aureo-subolivaced, nitidd, vix concentrice striatd ;
latere postico producto, margine dorsali compressd,
subulatd, margine ventrali post medium convexd ;
latere antico angustiusculo, brevi, cuneato, lunuld
parvd.

Steange's Nucula. Shell oblique, thin, oblong,
golden-olivaceous, smooth, scarcely concentrically
striated; posterior side produced, dorsal margin
compressed, subulate, ventral margin convex past
the middle, anterior side rather narrow, short,
cuneated, lunule small.

A. Adams. Proc. ZooL Soc, 1856, p. 52.

Ilab. New Zealand.

Species 16. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Nucula nitida. N'uc. testd oblique subtrigond, sub-
compressd, luted, griseo fasciatd, obsolelissime con-
centrice el radiatim striatd, latere postico subacu-
minato, margine dorsali vix arcualo, declivi,
margine ventrali leviter convexo; umbonibus
elevatis ; latere antico in/rd, cuneato, lunuld
indistinctd.

The shining Nucula. Shell obliquely subtrigonal,
subcompressed, yellowish, banded with grey very
obsoletely concentrically and radiately striated,
posterior side subacuminated, dorsal margin
scarcely arched, sloped, ventral margin slightly
convex, lunule indistinct.

SowEiiBY. Conchologicd Elustrations, Nucula, No. 29.

Ilab. Britain, ttc.

^^p

NurulaPl.IIl.

Sowerty . del «i liuh

Vim-ei.l Brooks, Doiyi'SoiUinp

N U C U L A.

Plate III.

Species 17. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)

NucuLA PROXIMA. Kuc. tcstd parviusculd, crassd, snh-^
tngond, elevatd, ventricosd, oUvaceo-cinered, minute
concenirice liraid; latere postico oblique subacu-
minato, angidato, post aream subplanato, umhonibus
tumidis, elevatis, subterminalibus ; latere antico
angusto, brevisdmo, lunuld prominenti, brevi, sulco
circtcmscriptd.
The NEiGiinouiUNC. Nl-cvla. 8h<-ll ratlicr small, thick,
rather trigonal, elevated, ventricose, ashy-olive,
minutely concentrically lyrated; posterior side
obliquely subacuminated, angular, rather flattened
behind the angle ; lunboes tumid, elevated, sub-
termiual; anterior side narrow, very short, lunule
prominent, short, circumscribed by a groove.
Say. Journal of Natural History Society, Philadelphia,

vol. ii. p. 270.
Hub. N. America.

The chestnut Nucula. Shell very oblique, short,
elev.ated, compressed, smooth, chestnut-coloured :
posterior side much sloped, subacuminated below ;
umboes smaU, terminal ; anterior side sloped up-
wards at the ventral margin, lunule small.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 185G, p. 53.

Hub. New Zealand.

Species 18. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Nucula delphinodenta. Xuc. tesld minuld, subobliqud,
gubtrigmid, brevi, altd, ventricosd, la-vigatd, concen-
irice minute striatd; umbonibus prominentibus ;
latere postico subrotundo ; latere antico bremsimo,
hiMuld ampM, elongata.

The Dolphin-toothed Nucula. Shell minute, sub-
oblique, subtrigonal, short, elevated, ventricose,
smooth, concentrically minutely striated; umboes
prominent; posterior side somewhat rounded;
anterior side very short, lunule full, elongated.

Mighels. Boston Journd of Natural History, iv. p. 40.

Hab. N. America.

Species 20. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Nucula tenuis. Nuc. testd ovatd, inflatd, tenui, niti-
dusimd; latere postico oblique ihclivi, margine
dorsnli subangulato, subarcuato, termino subacumi-
naio ; latere antico brevissimo, lumdd haud pro-
minenti, elongatd.

The thin Nucula. Shell ovate, inflated, thin, very
shining; posterior side obliquely sloped, dorsal
margin angular, slightly arched, end subacumi-
nated; anterior side very short, luniUe not pro-
minent, elongated.

Montagu. Testacea Britannica, sup. p. 5G, pi. 29, f. 1.

Hah. Britain, Europe.

Species 19. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)
Nucula castanea. Nuc. testd perobliqud, brevi, ele-
vatd, compressd, laevigata, castanea; latere postico
valde declivi, infra subacuminatd ; umbonibus
pa^vis, terminalihus; latere antico ad margmem
ventralem acclivi, lunuld parvd.

Octolier

Species 21. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)
Nucula simplex. Nuc. testd ovatd, lavigatd, pallidd,
fenuissimd, injlatd ; latere postico producto ; mar-
gine dorsali declivi, convexa ; latere antico brevts-
simo, truncato, umbonibus parvis, terminalibus ;
lunuld parvd, brevi

The simple Nucula. Shell ovate, smooth, pale, very
thin, inflated, posterior side produced, dorsal mar-
.^in 'sloped, convex, anterior side rather short,
truncated, umboes small, terminal, lunule small,
short.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 185G, p. 52.

Hub. Sidney, Australia.

Species 22. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)
Nucula paulula. Nuc. testd minutd, elevatd, oblique
subtrigond, Icsvigatd, tenuissimd, mbcinered ; latere
postico valde declivi, prope marginem dorsalem an-

. 1870.

NUCULA.— Plate III.

yulato, ad terminuin stibacummatum, latere anlico
suhrecedente, umbonibus terminalibun, elevatis,
lunula jjarvd.

The little Nucula. Shell minute, elevated, obliquely
subtrigonal, smooth, very thin, of a rather ashy
colour ; posterior side much sloped, angular near
the dorsal margin, subacuminated at the end;
anterior side rather receding, umboes terminal,
elevated, lunule small.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1856, p. 52.

Hab. Japan.

This very minute Nucula is of a pale ashy colour,

and semi-peUucid.

Species 23. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)
Nucula Paytensis. Nuc. testa oblique oblongd, subtri-
(/ond, comprcssd, solidd, minute liris concentricis

crenulatis et striis rudiantibus decussaid ; later
postico declivi, vix convexo, terniino infrob subacu-
minato, inargine ventrali leviter convfxd ; umbo-
nibus terminalibus elevatis; latere antico truncato.

TuE Payti Nucula. Shell obliquely oblong, subtri-
gonal, compressed, solid, minutely decussated with
concentric crenulated ridges and radiating stris ;
posterior side sloped, scarcely convex, the end
subacuminated below, ventral margin slightly
convex ; umboes terminal, elevated ; anterior
side truncated.

A. Adajis. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1856, p. 51.

Hab. Payti, Peru.

More oblong, compressed, and distinctly decussated
than Nucula crenulata, with which M. Hanley at first
associated it.

Nil ruin PI IV

^

Sowerby, del et lith

VnK«nt Brooks Day ilSoii.ln

N U C U L A.

Plate IV.

Species 24. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

NuccLA risuM. Nuc. lesld minulissinut, veniricosti,
brevi, subohlique ovatd, pallide olivaced vix nitidd,
rugis elevatis, crenulatin, concentricis et striis
radiantihus decussald ; latere aiitico mbtruncato,
lunuld amplA.

The PE-^v Nucula. Shell very minute, ventricose,
short, subobliquely ovute, pale olive, scarcely
shining, decussated with elevated concentric, cre-
nulated wrinkles and radiating stria; ; anterior
side subtruncated, lunule full.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool. See, 1832.

Nucula semi-oriMla, D'Orbigny.

Hub. Valparaiso, Chili.

Decies 25. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Ci

Brit.)

Nucula chenulata. Nuc. ledd ininutd, oblique sub-
trigond, rugis elevatis numerosis concentricis et
striis radiantibus decmsatd ; latere postico valde
declivi, margine dorsali convexo, crenvlato ; latere
antico brevissimo, nmbonibus amplis, elevatis,
tumidis ; lunuld ampld. crenulatd.

The crenulated Nucula. Shell minute, obliquely
subtrigonal, decussated with numerous ele-
vated concentric wrinkles and radiating stria? ;
posterior side much sloped, dorsal margin convex,
crenulated ; anterior side very short, umboes full,
elevated, tumid ; lunule full, crenulated.

A. Adams. Proc. ZooL Soc, 18G0.

Hab. Guadaloup.

Species 26. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Nucula e.xigua. Niic. testd minutd, brevi. altd, sub-
trigond, minutissimS decussatd; latere postico
in/rct. acuminata ; latere antico truncato.

The narrow Nucula. Shell minute, short, elevated,
subtrigonal, very miiuitely decussated ; posterior
side acuminated below ; anterior side truncated.

Sowerbt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 108.

Hab. "West Columbia.

October

Species 27. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Nucula nitipula. Nuc. testd parvd, obliqui trigond,
altd, brevi, lavigatd, olivaceo-cinered ; latere pos-
tico valde declivi, ad terminum inferiarem sub-
acuminatd ; latere antico truncatd. recedenti, lu-
nuld convexd, angulatim circamscriptd, elongatd.

The bright little Nucula. Shell small, obliquely
trigonal, elevated, short, smooth, olive-ash coloured ;
posterior side much sloped, subacuminated at the
lower termination ; anterior side truncated, re-
ceding ; lunule very little convex, elongated,
angularly defined, circumscribed, elongated.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 185G, p. 51.

Hab. New Zealand.

Species 28. (Mus. Macandrew.)

Nucula INIacandrei. Nuc. testd ovatd, Iwvigatd, tenui,
utrinque subacuminatd, omninb olivaced ; latere
postico producto latiuscido, margine dorsali sub-
cuneato, ared marginali dejiresso, subalato ; latere
antico acuminatim jio-ulo producto, angusto ; um-
bonibv^ acuminatis.

Macandrew's Nucula. Shell ovate, smooth, thin,
subacuminated at both ends, olive in every part ;
posterior side produced rather wide, dorsal margin
a little cuneate, marginal area depressed, subalate ;
anterior side acuminately a little produced, narrow :
umboes acuminated.

IIanley. Proc. Zool. Soc, 185(), p. 52.

Hab. Straits of Malacca. Australia.

A much less oblique shell than Nuctda tennis, witli
the anterior side a little produced.

Species 29. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Nucula divaricata. Nuc. testd ellipticd,

liris a medio divergentibus sculptd ; latere postico
oblongo, ared dorsali compressd, termino rotundo :
latere antico acuminalo, paulo producto, margine
luuulari excavatiin dcpresso.

1870.

NUCULA.— Plate IV.

/

Thk divergent Nucula. Shell elliptical, compressed,
sculptured with ridges diverging from the centre;
posterior side oblong, dorsal area compressed, end
rounded ; anterior side acuminated, a little pro-
duced, lunular margin excavately depressed.

Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 97.

Hah. Chinese Seas.

In sculptm-e resembling Nucula mirabilis, but more
cuneate, with the anterior end more produced and

Species 30. (Mus. Belcher.)

Nucula marmorea. Nuc. testd elliplicd, soliduld,
albidd, sidcatd, marmoratd ; liris ad angulum pla-
nulatis ; latere post ico brevi, subacuminato,margine
ventrali mimite crenulato.

The marble Nucula. Shell elliptical, rather solid,
whitish, sulcated, marbled ; ridges flattened at the
angles ; posterior side short, subacuminated, ven-
tral margin minutely crenulated.

Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 98.

Hah. Straits of Malacca.

The description of this species as given by the late
Mr. Hinds is so short, that in the absence of the specimen
the precise characters cannot be stated with certainty.

Species 31. (Mus. Belcher.)

Nucula declivis. Nuc. testd parvd, oblique subtri-
gond, soliduld, ejndermide tenui indutd ; latere
2}Ostico valde declivi, ad terminum rotundo ; latere
antico brevi, obtuso ; umbonibus elevatis, rotundis.

The sloping Nucula. Shell small, obhquely subtri-
gonal, solid, covered with a thin epidermis ; pos-
terior side much sloped, rounded at the end,
anterior side short, obtuse, umboes elevated,
rounded.

Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 98.

Hah. ?

Species 32. (Mus. Belcher.)

Nucula castrensis. Nuc. testd parvd, elevatd, sub-
trigond, lineis elevatis a medio divergentibus scidptd,
pallide stramined fusco rubescente fasciatd ; latere
'postico declivi, antico subconvexo.

The camp Nucula. Shell small, elevated, subtrigonal,
sculptured with raised lines diverging from the
centre, pale straw banded with reddish brown;
posterior side sloped, anterior side rather convex.

Hinds. Proc Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 98.

Hab. North- West America.

With the subtrigonal form of many of the smaller
species, this pretty little shell has the sculpture of
Nucula mirabilis and N. divaricata.

NucidaPlV.

^

Sowerby cbl et kth

Vincent Broofa Da.yASon.lmp

N U C U L A.

Species 33. (Miis. Sowerby.)

NucULA NASA. Xur. lestd parvd, nitenti, olivaced,
oblique trigond, elevatd, prnpe umbones tumidd, medio
subcomplanatd, intHs subaured ; latere postico
hrcrissitno, perpendiculai-i, apice ohtnso ; latere
autico obliquo, obtuse nnrjulato, convexo.

The uwakf Nucula. Shell small, shining, olivaceous,
obliquely trigonal, elevated, tumid near the um-
boes, rather flattened in the middle, slightly
golden tinted within; posterior side very short,
perpendicular, apex obtuse ; anterior side oblique,
obtusely angular, convex.

Hinds. Voyage of the Sulphur.

Nucula Delphinodonta, var. Hanley.

The little shell figured in Thesaurus certainly ap-
pears different from .V. Delphinodonta, and much more
like the specimens figured in this plate, although I
cannot be quite certain as to the identity.

Species 34. (Mus. Brit.)

Nucula Malabaiiica. Nuc. testa parvd, triyond, sub-
(squilaierali, pallidd, temii, concentrice tenuiter
liratd, elevatd; latere postico breviusado, infrd
rotvndato-aubangulato ; apice elevato, aaiminato,
margine ventrali subpvducto, infrd, acuminata,
latevibns declivibus ; margine cardintdi tato, deniibvs
panels.

The Malahak Nicula. Shell sraaU, trigonal, subequi-
lateral, pale, thin, concentrically finely lirated,
elevated ; posterior side rather the shorter, roundly
angular below ; apex elevated, acuminated, ventral
margin slightly produced, acuminated below, sides
sloped ; hinge margin broad, teeth few.

Hanley. Proc. Zooh Soc, 1860.

Hah. Cochin, Malabar.

A very small elevated shell, more nearly equilateral
than most of the species.

Febru:

Species. 35. (Mus. Hanley.)

Nucula ^Egeensis. Nuc. testd ovatd, subcompressd, hum,
tenui, pallidd, politd ; latere postico suhproducto,
suhrotundo, lumdd brevi, convexo, distincto ; apice
prominenti, margine ventrali eequaliter convexo,;
latere autico producto, acuminata, margine dorsali
recto.
The ^Egean Nucula. Shell ovate, subcompressed,
smooth, thin, pale, polished ; posterior side a little
produced, a little rounded, lunule short, convex,
distinct ; apex prominent, ventral margin equally
convex; anterior side produced, acuminated,
dorsal margin straight.
FoKBES. Report to British Association, 1843, p. 1892.
Hab. Maori and Crete, yEgean. In deep sea.

The reverse of the preceding in its lateral and per-
pendicular proportions.

Species 3G. (Mus. Brit.)

Nucula Layardi. Nuc. teM ovatd, subcompressd^
vtriiique acuminatd, tenui, epidermide politissiiiid
suhviridi indutd ; latere postico jyroducto, acu-
minata, lunulA brevi, circumscriptd, apice acuminata,
margine ventrali mqualiter convexd ; latere antico
elongato, acuminata, ared dorsali cotmexo, ad un-
guium depresso.

Layard's Nucula. Shell ovate, subcompressed, acu-
minated at both ends, thin, covered with a very
polished greenish epidermis; posterior side pro-
duced, acuminated, lunule short, circumscribed ;
apex acuminated, ventral margin equally convex ;
anterior side elongated, acuminated, dorsal area
convex, depressed at the angle.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1856, p. 51.

Hab. Ceylon.

It is scarcely with Nucula convexa that this shell

need be compared, as is done by its describer. It is

much more closely allied to the larger species named

Nucula Cumiugii.
ary, 1871.

NUCULA.— Plate V.

Species 37. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

NucuLA CORTICATA. Nuc. iestd hreviter subovatil,
tumidd, crassd, fulvd ; latere postico brevi, subro-
tundato, lumda indisiinctd, apice obtuso, manjine
ventrali convexo ; latere antico oblique injlato, ob-
tusissime angulato, margine dorsali cmivexo, ad
terminum vix acuminato.

The corticated Nucula. Shell shortly subovate,
tumid, thick, fiilvous ; posterior side short, a little
rounded, lunule indistinct, apex obtuse, ventral
margin convex ; anterior side obliquely inflated,
very obtusely angulated, dorsal margin convex,
very slightly acuminated at the end.

MoLLER. Fauna Groenlandica. Mijll., p. 17.

Hob. Greenland.

Species 38. (Mus. ? figure copied.)

Nucula pulchra. Nuc. testd ovatd, solidd, vald'e
incequilaterali, concentrice liratd, epidermide fused
indutd ; latere postico brevissimo, ^ubperpendiculari,
lunuld parvd, convexd, circMmscriptd ; apice obtuso ;
margine ventrali oblique convexo ; latere antico
oblique injlato, producto, margine dorsali convexo
declivi ; ared Icevigatd.

The beautiful Nucula. Shell ovate, solid, very
inequilateral, concentrically lirated, covered with
a brown epidermis; posterior side very short.

nearly perpendicular, lunule small, convex, cir-
cumscribed ; apex obtuse, ventral margin ob-
liquely convex ; anterior side obliquely inflated,
produced, dorsal margin convexly sloped, area
smooth.

Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 97. Voy. Sulphur,
p. 63, pi. 18, f. 7.

Hab. L'Agulhas Bank. Cape of Good Hope.

This pretty species was taken at a depth of 70

fathoms.

Species 39. (Mus. Hanley.)

Nucula antipodum. Nuc. testd perobliqud, clongato-
subovatd, tenui, politissimd, subcompressd ; latere
postico brevissimo, perpendiculai-iter truncato ;
latere antico attenuato, infrd ad terminum acu-
minato, margine dorsali aiigulato, declivi.

The antipodean Nucula. Shell very oblique, elon-
gated, subovate, thin, very shining, subcompressed ;
posterior side very short, perpendicularly trun-
cated, anterior side attenuated, acuminated at the
end below.

Hanlet. Proc. Zool. Soc, I860.

Hab. Australia.

This species does not seem to differ materially from
Nicidamitralis, also an Australian shell, excepting that
it is more acuminated at the anterior end and more
compressed throughout.

N U C U L A.

Plate.

jEgeensis, i^or/)cs V.

antipodum, Hani V.

(irgentcea, Costa I.

Belottii, A. 4rf 11.

castanea, A. Ad HI.

castrensis, Hinds IV.

convexa, /Soio«% I.

corticata, Moller V.

crenulata, A. Ad IV.

Gumingii, Hinds I-

declivis, Hinds IV.

decussata, Soiverby I-

delphinodonta, Mighels HI-

divaricata, Hinds IV-

exigua, Sowerhy IV.

gibba, A. Ad. '. II.

Grayi, HOvb H.

inflata, Handel: ^•

Layardi, A . Ad ' •

Macandrei, Hani rV'-

Malabarica, Hani ^^•

margaritacea, Lamk I-

maigaritacea, Sovi-erhy H-

I marmorea, i/mrfs IV.

m\va.h\\ia, Ad. a)id Reeve I-

mitralia, Hinds H-

nana, Hinds ^■

n'ltida, Soicerbi/ H-

nitidula, 4. Ad IV.

nucleus, Linn I-

obliqua, Lamk II

obliqiiata, Beck I-

paulula, 4. ^(/ Ill-
Pay tensis, 4. ylr/ Ill

jyianm, Sowerbi/ IV.

Tproxima., Say IH-

Puelcha, D'Oib I-

pulchra, Hinds V-

radiata, Hani H-

semioniata, D'Orb IV-

simplex, A. Ad. HI-

Strangei, A. Ad H-

striolata, A. Ail H-

sulcata, FhW I-

sulcata, A. Ad II-

tenuis, Mont IH-

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENU.S

UTRICULUS.

' Ever drifting, drifting, drifting

On llie shifting
Currents of the restless main."— Zow^/t'/

VtncuiiusFl.l.

a

Sowei'liy,del et lilh

Tuicent BrooLs. Day & Son.Imp

U T R I C U L U S.

Genus Utricui.is. Broini.

Testa BullcBformis, tenuis, mbcyliiidracea, spird con-
spicud, hrevissiind, anfractibus proviinentibus,
aperiiird elongatd, lahio externa suprd, medium
producto, columelld tenui, mblortud.

Shell Bulla-shaped, thin, subcylindrical, spire con-
spicuous, short, whorls prominent, aperture
elongated, outer lip produced above the centre,
columella subtortuous.

The difference between this genus and Tornatina is
to be sought, not in the shell but in the animal, or rather
in the relation of one to the other. In the former
case the animal is enclosed within the shell. Of the
six species, three are British, one Mexican, one
Bornean, and the last of the United States.

Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)

Utricuh-s I'ELLUCiDus. Utr. testd oblique ovato-siib-
globosd, minutd, pellucidd, ventricosd, lavi, post
columellam s^lb^cmbilicatd, lateribus suprd medium
recliusculis, spird subquadrata, brevissinid, anfrac-
tibus, apice vmrnmillato : aperturd ampld, postice
coarctatd, antice dilatata.

The pellucid Utriculus. Shell obliquely ovate-
subglobose, minute, pellucid, ventricose, smooth,
subumbilicated behind the columella, sides rather
straight above the middle ; spire subquadrate,
very short, with three whorls; apex mammil-
lated, aperture large, narrowed at the back, ex-
panded in front.

Brown.

Amphispira hyalina, Liiven,

Bulla canda, Macgillivray.

Hob. British Islands.

Species 2. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Jeffreys.)

Utriculus globosus. Utr. testd parvd, candidd, Icevi-

gatd, pellucidd, oblique ovatd, ventricosd, versils

spiram subattenuatd, post columellam s^ibum-

bilicaid; spird umbilicald, anfractibus ccelatis ;

October

aperturd pyriformi, lahio externa suprd spiram
elevato.

The globose Utriculus. Shell small, white, smooth,
pellucid, obUquely ovate, ventricose, slightly at-
tenuated towards the spire, subumbilicated
behind the columella ; .spire umbilicated, whorls
concealed ; apertui'e pyriform ; outer lip raised
above the spire.

LiiVEN. Ind. Moll. Scandinavia;, p. 11.

Uah. North Britain. Scandinavia.

The only species of the genus which does not show
the whorls of the spire.

Species 3. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Utriculus CECiLi.ff:. Utr. testd cylindricd, lavi, tenui,
epidermide olivaced indutd, lonffituditialiter sub-
striatd, spird distinctd, parhm elevatd ; anfrac-
tibus quinque, suturd corrugatd ; aperturd angustd,
antice dilatatd ; columella arcuatd.

Cecilia's Utriculus. Shell cylindrical, smooth, thin,
covered with an olive epidermis, longitudinally
slightly striated, spire distinct, a little elevated ;
whorls five, suture corrugated ; apertr.re narrow,
dilated in front, columella arched.

Philippi. Enum. Moll. Sicilios.

Hah. Mediterranean. Mexico.

The most narrowly cylindrical of all the species.

Species 4. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Utriculus pertenuis. Utr. minutd cylindraced, al-
bidd, temiissimd, hyalind, spird discoided, anfrac-
tibus quatuor rotundatis, suturd distinctd ; labro
ad terminum spiralem recto, infra rotundato ;
aperturd postice angustato ; columelld rectius-
culd.

The very thin Utriculus. Shell miuute, cylin-
draceous, whitish, very thin, hyaline ; spire dis-
coidal with four rounded whorls; suture dis-
tinct ; outer lip quadrate at the spiral end,

1870.

UTRICULUS.

rounded in front ; aperture posteriorly narrowed ;

columella rather straight.
MiGHELS. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. ii.

p. 346.
Hah. Casco Bay, United States.

A very minute glassy shell, of a cylindrical form_
truncated at the spire.

Species 5. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

I'triculus obtusa. Utr. minutd, cylindraced, latius-
cidd, postice subattenuatd, longitudina liter rugoso-
striatd, opacd, albd, spird elevatiusculd, aperturd
angustd, medio coarctatd, antice dilatatd ; colu-
melld subincrassaid, arcuatd.

The obtuse Utriculus. Shell minute, cylindrical,
rather broad, posteriorly subattenuated, longitu-
dinally rugosely striated, opaque white ; spire a
little elevated, aperture narrow, contracted in the
middle, dilated anteriorly ; columella a little
thickened, arched

TuRTON. Walker's Testacese Minuta;, f. 61.
Ilah. British Islands.

Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.)

Utriculus borneensis. Utr. testd ])arvd, redd, cylin-
dricd, albd, pellucidd, epidermide ferrugined, testd
longitudinaliter striatd ; spird distinctd, com-
planatd, anfractibus quatuor, apice mammiUato ;
aperturd angustissimd, antice dilatatd, columelld
arcuatd.

The boenean Utriculus. Shell small, straight, cylin-
drical, white, pellucid, epidermis ferruginous, shell
longitudinally striated ; spire distinct, flattened,
with four whorls, apex mammillated, aperture very
narrow, dilated in front, columella arched.

A. Adams. Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchyliorum.
Bullids, f. 23.

Sab. Borneo.

This shell is smaller than Utriculus Cecilim, trun-
cated at the spire, and the straightest of the group.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

0 S T R ii A,

' Rich honesty dwells like a miser, sir, in a poor house: as your pearl in your foul oyster."— Shahspeare.

Osfnca PI. 1.

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Vmcenl Brooks . Pay & Soji 1 m]i

0 S T R ^ A.

Genus OSTR.EA, Linntem.
Tesia hivalris, unimmatlnsa, foliacea, ad .titxart, rniicli<i.'',
radicesque per valvam inferiorem adhmrens, valde
irregularis ; cardine edentulo, marij'me lineari; li'ja-
mento suhextemo fiiper tirmm triijdnam utrilque
valvd Inminato.
Shell bivalve, unimustnilar, toliiiceous, iullioriiig to
stones, shells, and roots by the lower valve, very
irregular ; hinge toothless, with linear margin ;
ligament partly external, laminated upon a trigo-
nal area in each valve.
East, west, in the tro])it'al, temperate, arctie, and
antarctic zones, -wherever there are sea-coasts, and
even in deep seas, oysters are to bo found. And while
the genus is widely diffused, individual species seem to
be spread over very large areas. If some forms existing
in Austraha, America, Chiloe, &c., variously named,
be not really varieties of our native Oatrcea edulis,
certainly many forms, distributed from the Adriatic
to the Mediterranean sea, are clearly referable to that
very variable species. As must be the case with
attached bivalves, the difficulty of distinguisliing species
is very considerable, owing to the form of each indivi-
dual depending so largely upon the object and mode of
attachment. Our figures of Ostraa ohdis present a
striking example of this, and to the divergent forms
given many others might be added, such as the pon-
derous 0. Iiippoptis, 0. cristata, and very probably,
O. lamellosa, which are forms of the same. Among
the most interesting of new species are some described
towards the latter part of the mon^Jtrraph. from the

NoveiJil

collection of Sir Davi(
pally in the Mauritius,
Barclay — the latter of

1 Barclay — shells taken princi-
aml the islets Diego Garcia and
quite recent formation.

Species 1. (Mus. Sowerby.)
OsTR.EA PRisMATiCA. Ost. testd lonfjitudinaliter elon-
ijatu-ovdtd, crassd, sijuamiferd,fu.tcd, squamis irlaU
jiiniori divaricatim sfriatis ; intuK iridesceuti, propS
mdn/iiiciii fusco-pvrpurascenti unifasdato mit
nibvhitn : eiratvice nia.rimo ; cardine lata, niffres-
ceiiti, l('iiijiliii!iiii(/iti r tiltcnuatd, profunde siilcato,
sidris iJi riilriiiii iiifcriinrin and ccntrali, in oalvam
siipei-iori'in diiahns talcralibus : valvd in/erivri
concavd, fuliaced.
The pnissiATic Ostk^ea. Shell longitudinally elongato-
ovate, thick, squamiferous, brown, scales in the
young state divergently striated ; iridescent
within, near the margin single-banded or clouded
with purple-brown ; scar very large ; hinge
blackish, longitudinally attenuated, deeply
grooved, grooves in the lower valve one central,
and in the tipper valve two lateral ; lower valve
concave, foliaceous.
Gkay. Annals of Philosophy. 1825.
Ostrava iridcscens. Gray, Conch. Misc. Ost. f 6, 7.
Hab. Centrid America.

A young specimen of this shell, in the collection of
Mr. Taylor, is invested with dark -purplish scales whicli
are divergently striated. The older sjiecimens retain
no traces of this, their surface being worn away as
they attain any thickness.

Ostma Pl.U.

Sov.'ST'by, de'.et. lit

VinceiX Brooks .Day t oos: hy.p

0 S T R ^ A.

Species 2. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Maillard.)

OsTR^A cucuLLiNA. Ost. testd jMrvA, irregulari, multi-
formi, gryphoided, tenui, fragili, valde inmqxd-
mlvi,pallide ru/d; valvd sitpen'ori plano-cmicavd,
tmuissimd, sublamellnsd, valvd infenon profimdA,
ad apicein arcmitd ; ared cardinali an(/ustd,
acutd.

TuE HOODED OsTR^A. Shell small, irregular, multiform,
gryplioid, thin, fragile, very iiiequivalve, pale
reddish ; upper valve plano-concave, very thin,
sublamellar, lower valve deep, arched at the apex ;
cardinal area narrow, acute.

Deshayes. Conchyliologie di- I'lslc de la licunion, p. 2,
36, pi. xxxii., f. 78.

Hab. Bourbon.

This peculiarly formed little oyster has a prima

facie appearance of being young and unformed, and

possibly belonging to some larger species. M. jMail-

lard, its discoverer, however, declares that it never

attains a larger size.

Species .3. (Mus. Sowerby.)

OsTRiEA MTTiLoiDES. Osl. tesld parositlcd, solidd, ob-
longd, versus cardtnem attemuitd, ad latera plicaio-
crenatd,profu7ide violaced, obscure radiatd, omnino
undulatim-squamosA, margine ventrali subquad-
rato; valvuld superiori convexA ; ared cardinali
acuiiiinatd.

The inTiLoiD Ostr^a. Shell parasitic, solid, oblong,
attenuated towards the hinge, plicato-crenated at
the sides, deep violet, obscurely rayed, wavily

sqiiamose ; ventral margin subquadrate ; upper
valve convex ; cardinal area acuminated.

Lamarck. Animaux sans vertebres. Ostrava, No. 21.

Ilidi. Australia.

Species 4. (Mus. Sowerby.)

OstRjEA parasitica. Ost. testd ovaio-subrotundatd, ad
radices Ehi^ophorarum adhcerenti, pallide fulvd,
fusco-purpureo radiatim/asciatdetvariegatd; val-
vuld inferiori profundiord, irregulariter squamosd,
obscure eostatd; valvuld superiori subcomplanatd,
versils margines undulato-squamiferd ; marginibus
intiis subpurpureis, haud crenulatis.
The parasitic Oyster. Shell somewhat rounded
ovate, adhering to Mangrove roots, pale fulvous,
radiately banded and variegated with bro\vnish
purple ; lower valve deeper, irregularly squamosa,
obscurely ribbed; upper valve rather flattened,
undulately squamose towards the margins; margins
rather purple within, not crenulated.
Gmelin. LinntEUs, Systema Natiu'se, p. 295.
Hab. Eiver Gambia in Africa.

The figure is taken from a portion of a forked root of
Jlangrove, both limbs of which are completely covered
with specimens of various sizes and shapes. These agree
in all particulars with those of a magnificent specimen in
the British Museum, marked as from the above locality,
and with the figure cited in Chemnitz. The South
African 0. RhizoplwrcB of Guilding, if not identical mth
this species, differs from it in the prevailing form of
the shells being more elongated, and of thinner sub-
stance.

October, 1870.

(hUuva PL m

.^~4-

"°*^'"'^**«i&
^-~'i^^"

OB Soweiiy.delellith

MuceutBiooks Day & Sou Imp

0 S T R tE A.

Plate III.

Species 5. (Mus. Brit.)

OsTR.E.^ SINENSIS. Ost. lestA solidd, suborbiculari,
/usco-subpurjjured, C07icentrice undulatim lameU
laid, ad regionem umbonalem mediumque convexo-
subjdanulatd, ad inargines laleraks et ventrales an-
gvlatim plicatd; valvd inferior i ad marguiem
dorsalein utrinque aurild, lanielliferd, albidd, intiis
fusco latimarginato, medio fulvo partini nebulato ;
impressione musctdari vivide eastaned.

The Chinese Ostr.ea. Shell solid, suborbicular and
brownish purple, concentrically wavUy lameUated,
a little convexly flattened at the middle and um-
bonal regions, angularly plicated at the lateral and

ventral margins; lower valve aurited and lami-
nated on both sides of the dorsal margin, within
broadly bordered with brown, and partly clouded
with light brown in the middle ; muscular im-
pression bright chestnut.

Gmelin. Systema Naturae Linnjci. No. 3335. Chem.
Conch, f. C68.

Ostrcea praadamitica, Bolten.

Hub. Chinese Seas.

The magnificent specimen from which our illustra-
tion is taken is more widely flattened than is generiilly
the case.

October, 1870.

)^4>

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/^"-y

%^'

^^-^^-..^f^

G-B.Sowerby.dde.tlitli

\iiicenl Brooks I)ay& Suu Imy^

0 S T R ^ A.

Plate IV.

Species 6. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

OsTRfiA CALLOCHROA. Ost. tesfd suhorhiculo/ri, com-
pressd, solidd, valvis mbceqiialibus ; valvd supe-
riori vix convexd, purpurea alboque-luteo radiatd,
eoncentrice depresso - lamellatd ; valvd injeriori
moderate convexd, plus rainusve jnirpureo tinctd,
costis obtusis radiantibus armatd, intiis albd, mar-
gine squaniifero subpurpureo ; maryinibus latera-
libus prope umbones distincte deniiculates..

The fine-coloured Ostii^a. Shell suborbicular com-
pressed, solid, valves nearly equal, upper valve
very little conve.x; rayed with purple and yellow-
ish white, concentrically flatly laminated; lower
valve moderately convex, more or less tinted
with purple, armed with obtuse radiating ribs ;
white within, margin scaly purplish ; lateral
margins distinctly denticulated near the umboes.

Hanlet. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845.

Hah. Chili.

Species 7. (Mus. brit. •

OstRjBa hyotis. Ost. testd irregulariter mbquadratd,
solidd, spinis tuhiformibus, super angulos plicarum
magnarum septem circa extanlibus armatd, fusco-
viridi; auriculis svhcompressis, foliaceis pliciferis ;
intus lalefusco marginatd.

The htodoid Ostr^l\. Shell irregularly subquadrate,
solid, armed wth tube-shaped spines standing out
iipon the angles of about seven large folds;
greenish brown ; auricles rather compressed,
foUaceous plicated ; widely bordered with brown
inside.

LINN.EUS. Systema Naturje.

Hab. Indian Ocean.

The colouring of this shell is rather peculiar, being
of a imiform greenish brown, and the deep angular
plaits are surmounted generally with tubular spines.

October, 1870.

Ostrmi PI. V.

SowerLy, del et lith

Vinc«m Brooks. DaySSon Imp

0 S T R ^ A.

Plate V.

Species 8. (Fig. as, 6, c, d, e,f, Mus. Jeffreys.)

OsTRiE.\ EDULis. Ost. tcstd ovato-suUrigotid, soUdd,
intils plerumque nived, ad latera jyrope cardinein
plm minusve deniiculatd, viargine ventrali sub-
rotundo et expanso ; margine dorsali subauricu-
lato ; valvd inferiori plerumque concavd, obtvse
radiatim costata, lamellis undulatim plicatis, laxe
hnbricatd, purpurea irregulariter strigatd ; valvd
superiori rrdiiori, plerumque valde complanatd
fusco - viridescenti, purpurea obscure radiatd,
squumis compresds, laxis, subquadratis, mullilo-
baiis, radiatim di!'2)osilis laniinatd.

The edible Ostr^\. Shell ovately subti-igonal, solid,
generally snow-white within, near the hinge at the
sides more or less denticulated, ventral margin
rather rounded and expanded ; dorsal margin
subauriculated ; lower valve generally concave,
obtusely radiately ribbed, loosely imbricated with
wavily plicated lamellae, irregularly striped with
purple ; upper valve smaller, mostly very flat,
greenish brown, obscurely rayed with purple,
laminated with flattened, loose, many-lobcd,
radiately-disposed scales.

LiNN^us. Systema Naturte, No. 1148.

Ostrcea parasitica, Turton.

Ostroea hippopus, Lamarck.

Hab. Europe.

The common eatable European oyster may be consi-
dered as presenting a fair specimen of one characteristic

of its tribe, namely, extreme variabihty of form. The
principal varieties are arranged as follows by Mr.
Jefifreys, premising that the tjqie is of a dull greenish-
brown and a little inclined to a trigonal form.

Var. \. pardsitica (fig./), which adhering by a large
part of its undersurface to various shells and other
substances, modifies its form by them. In the beauti-
fully leafy and variegated specimen here figured may be
seen the traces of the ribs of Fccten opercularis to
which it is attached, showing through both valves.

Var. 2. OsfrcB(zAip^qp»;s, Lamarck, is not gregarious,
like the ordinary forms, but solitary, and living in
deep water ; is very rough and ponderous, not at all
flaky or scaly ; very deep in the lower valve and
thick in the upper.

Var. 3. defomiis, Lam. (a term which might apply
to irregularly growing shells of any of the species).
Two examples are given (/, r, d,) one elongated per-
pendicularly, and the other laterally, the latter being
formed upon the operculum of a living whelk and con-
fined in its growth to the shape of the aperture.

Var. 4. nitupina, Jefir. A small, regiilarly formed,
not very flaky variety, to which our '• Natives"
belong.

Var. 5. tinrfa, Jeffr. Like var. rutiipina, rather
regularly formed and flat, but having the inside coloured
with purplish brown. (Fig. o.)

October, 1870.

Ostrce^Pl. VI.

#1

\V

r4

Sawerby, del eL litli

TmcentBroote .Day &Son,Imp ,

0 S T R M A.

Species y. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Brit.)

OsTn^A ROSTrrATA. Ost. testd elongato-sukriffond, valde
foliaced, plermnque arcuatd, albidd ; valvuld mpe-
rioii breviusndd, compregsd, inferiori crassd, ex-
cavatd ; cardine ekmgato, in rah-uld inferiori medio
profundi excavato, mpei-inri medio tmmdo; im-
pressione musculuri utnh/iir valvuld phrumque attc-
nuatd, castaned.

The rostrated Cstk^a. Shell elongate-subtrigonal,
very foliaceous, generally arched, whitish ; upper
valve rather short compressed, lower thick, exca-
vated, hinge elongated, in the lower valve deeply
excavated in the middle, in the upper tumid in
the middle; muscular impression in each valve
generally attenuated, chestnut.

CiiEMN-iTZ. Conch. 8. t. 73. f. 677. "0. rostrata,
parva et maxima.'"

Oiftiwa Virginiana, Gmelin.
Ostrcea Virgintca, Lamarck.
Ostrcea Canadensis, Lamarck.
Ostrwa hm-ealis, Lamarck.
Hah. New York. Virginia. Canada.

The shell of early growth represented at fig. e, being
attached by a small part of its surface to a smooth
substance has a form very similar to our edible oy.ster.
The elongated laterally compressed boat form, fig. a, b,
represents 0. Virginica, Lamarck. We have not
thought it necessary to give a figure of the form
Canadensis, Lamarck, which is shorter, more curved,
and thicker, very foliaceous in the lower valve. In
the Virginica form, the attenuated beak with central
ridge, and groove and side ridges, presents a curious
feature. The largest specimen in the British Museum
is more than a foot long.

January, 1.S71.

,4

OstrceaPl.YII.

Sowerby. dd et lith

Vincent Brooks J,'ay»Sori. I mp

0 S T R yE A.

Plate VII.

Species 10. (Fig. a, i, Mus. Brit.)

OstrjEa Columbiensls. Oft. testd compressd, Icevigatd,
invgulwiter subovatd, albidd, nonnunquam radiis
pinpureis dvplicatis ornaid, tenui ; valvuld inferiori
fnliaced ; cardine parvo, apice aciito ; iniiis albd,
mm-ginihus hitcralikis hmul dentinilatis.

The Columbian Ostr^a. Shell compressed, smooth,
irregularly subovate, whitish, sometimes orna-
mented with duplicate purple rays, thin ; lower
valve foliaceous, hinge small, apes acute ; white
within, with the lateral margins not denticu-
lated.

Hanlev. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845.

Hah. St. Helena, Cuming. iMazatlan. Lower California.

It is difficult to distinguish shells of this variable
species from young specimens of Ostrwa rostrata. They
are, however, believed to be different by those who
have studied every series of both species in various
stages, and when tolerably free in their growth their
tendency seems to be rather towards an oval than a
triangular form.

January

Species 11. (Mus. Ilanley.)

OsTRJ2A Belcheri. Ost. testd 7na.nmd, compressd, spa-
thulatd, elongato-suhtrigond, crassmsculd, foliaced,
squamis maximis, quadratis, purpureo-subviridis ar-
matd ; valvuld inferiori planidatd, superiori con-
vexd ; cardine lata ; margine ventrali expan^o.

Belcher's Ostr^a. Shell very large, compressed,
spathulate, elongate-subtrigonal, rather thick,
foliaceous, armed with very large, square, rather
purplish green scales ; lower valve flattened,
upper convex ; hinge broad ; ventral margin ex-
panded.

Sowerbt.

Hub. Eastern Seas ? — Captain Belcher.

It is to be regretted that this magnificent shell, now
in the collection of Mr. Hanley, has had no specific
locality assigned to it by Captain Belcher, who brought
it home among the fruits of his expedition. It is re-
markable for its large flat scales. The specimen is
attached to a broad flattened stem of mangrove.

, 1871.

O.slrmiFLVUl

Sowerby del et litl-i

VmcenLHroolw.Day SlSou. Imp

0 S T R ^ A.

Species 12. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

OsTE^EA ANGULAT.4.. Ost. tcstd tngoiid, hrevi, temtius-
culd, albidd, strigis jnirpureis paucis invgnlaribus
radiatd ; apicilms incvrvis, mbspiralibus ; valvuld
superiori depressd, parvd, ad marginem ventralem
leviter plicatd ; inferiori profundd ad apiceni arcua-
tim productd, ad marginem ventralem leviter plicatd,
expansd, valvam inferiorem longe siiperante ; car-
dine tenui.

Thk angular Ostr^a. Shell trigonal, short, rather
thin, whitish, rayed with few, irregular, purple
streaks ; apices incurved, subspinal ; upper valve
depressed, small, slightly plicated at the ventral
margin ; lower valve deep, produced in an arch at
the apex, slightly plicated at the venti-al maririn,
expanded, far exceeding the lower valve ; hinge
thin.

Lamarck {Gnjphmi arujulata). Anim. s. vert. Grypha^a,
sp. 1.

n„b. ?

The great peculiarity of this shell is the depth of the
lower valve under the hinge, above wliich the apex
curves upwards and sjiirally.

Species 13. (Mus. Brit.)

OsTR^A sp.WHULATA. Ost. testd magnd, compressd, sub-
quadratd, solidd, valvuld inferiori planulatd, mar-

ginibus albis perfoliaceis ; margine dorsali lato ■
valvuld sujjerioii aureo-fulvescenti, concentrice lineis
i-vbescentibus pictd, prope margines laxe squamatd,
late, expansd; cardine lato subplanulato ; intuf
partim subviolaced, marginibus denticulatis.

The si'ATiiULATE OsTR^A. Shell large, compressed,
subquadrate, solid, lower valve flattened, with
white very foliaceous borders ; dorsal margin
wide ; upper valve golden-brown, painted concen-
trically with reddish lines, loosely scaly towards
the margins ; a little violet in parts within, with
denticulate borders.

Lamarck. Anim. s. vert. Ost., No. 16.

Bab. Guacomayo, Co. of America.

It is not possible to speak with certainty respecting
this species, which may quite possibly be a very aber-
rant variety of 0. prismatica. I am led to assign
Lamarck's name and description, however vague, to the
shell, because that author remarks that his species
approaches the preceding one, the 0. denticulata of
Born, which our shell unquestionably does, differing,
however, in the flat and spathulate form. It might,
perhaps, be feasible to link together 0. denticulata,
0. spathiilata, and 0. iridescens, under the first of the
three names ; but the worn state of the ponderous and
richly coloured specimens of the third which we have
hitherto met with, prevents a decisive conclusion on the
subject.

January, 1871.

Ostrmi'Pl.a.

:^

'^^'^^-^^ J

■/"

nm^'

Si)werby,del etlitb

VincttiilBrooks.Da-yfcSun.lmp

0 S T R ^ A.

Plate
Species 14. (Mus. Brit.)

OsTP.,EA DENTicuLATA. Ost. testd subrotuiidd, cTassd,
glahrd, submargaritaced ; intus parlim fusco-
purpureo subiridescenti ; valindd inferiori magnd,
planatd, niarginibus albidis viridescentibus, late
foliaceis ; valvuld superiori convexd, obscure tidier-
culatd, aureo-fulvd Jusco rubescenle concentrice
strigatd; cardine planulato ; margine intemo valide
denticulato.

The denticulated OsTRiEA. Shell subrotund, thk-k,
glabrous, a little margaritaocous ; within, in parts
brownish purple, rather iridescent; lower valve
large, flattened, with greenish-white borders,
widely foliaceous ; upper valve convex, obscurely
tuberculated, golden-brown, concentrically striped
with reddish-brown ; hinge flattened, internal
margin strongly denticidated.

Born. Mus. tab. C, f. 910.

Hob. America ?

The figure of Chemnitz fairly enough represents the

species in a very worn state ; while that copied in the

Encyclopaedia might almost have been drawn from our

shell.

Species 15. (Mus Brit.)
OsTR.ffiA LURIDA. Ost. tesld tenidusculd, luride, glaucd,
sublcevigatd, prope marginem veniralem leviter
plicatd ; postice plerumque productd, valvuld
inferiori profundd, margine dorsali angusto ;
valvuld superiori subcequali, leviter convexd.
The lurid Ostr.«;a. Shell rather thin, darkly glaucous,
rather smooth, lightly plicated near the ventral
margin; mostly produced posteriorly; lower valve
deep, dorsal margin narrow ; upper valve nearly
equal in extent to the under, slightly conve.x.

Carpenter. ? MS. Mus. Brit.

Hab. Mazatlan.

The chief characteristic of this species is the pecu-
liarly lurid glaucous tint pervading the inner and
outer surface of both valves.

Species 16. (Mus. Brit.)
Ostr^a fyxidata. Ost, testd orbiculari, inxquivalvi,

January

IX.

pallide fulva ; valvuld inferiori convexissimd
radiatim costatd, costis nodulosis, scepe duplicatis ;
valvuld superiori pland, divaricatim costatd, costis
nodidosis ; marginibus ventralibus crenulatis.

The box-shaped Ostr^a. Shell orbicular, inaqui-
valve, pale fulvous; lower valve very convex,
radiately ribbed, ribs nodulose frequently dupli-
cate ; upper valve flat, divergently ribbed, ribs
nodulose ; ventral margins crenulated.

Adams .wid Keeve. Zool. Voy. Samarang. p. 72,
PI. xxi. f 19.

Hah. Philippine Islands.

A very characteristic little species, sculptured with
finely beaded diverging ribs, with very deep under, and
flat opercular upper valve.

Species 17. (Fig. a, Mus. Brit, b, Sowerby.)

Osti:.i:a rhizophorje. Ost. testd elongato-subtrigond,
tenuiuaculd, lax issime foliaced ; sordide J'ulvd,
prope marginem ventralem squamatd, suhpUcatd,
compressd, expansd, strigis purpureis inierruptis
vershs apicem medio divisis pictd ; intus albidd ;
valvuld inferiori profundd cardine producto ;
valvuld superiori planulafd.

The Mangrove Ostr^a. Shell elongated-subtrigonal,
rather thin, very loosely foliaceous ; dull fulvous,
squamose, slightly plicated, compressed, expanded
near the ventral margin, painted with purple
interrupted stripes divided in the middle towards
the apices ; whitish within ; lower valve deep,
hinge produced ; upper valve flattened.

GuiLDiNG. Zool. Journal, vol. 3. p. 512.

HcdL Caribbean Islands. West Indies.

The species is not found exclusively attached to the
roots of mangrove, although that may possibly be
regarded as its normal habit. From the South African
species of the same general habit, 0. parasitica, it may
be distinguished by its less solid and less elongated
form. The large specimen, fig. b, represents the
appearance of the shell when attached by a small por-
tion of its surface to rocks.
, 1871.

Ostrce/iPl.X.

^.

^,

'^A

#■

^1^.

Sowerby. del , et lith .

VmcentBrooks.I'ay<S,So

0 S T R vE A.

species 18. (Mus. Sowerby.)

OsTR^A PERMOLLis. Ost. testd qwiilrato-suhtrigond,
cotnprefsd, subcequivalvi, inlus subaured vel albd-
ccerulescente, ad latera leevigatd, margine submridi,
cardine producio, angusto, acnminato ; valvvld
inferiori purpurea suffusd, Icevir/atd ; valvuld
superiori paulo convexd epidermide permolli sub-
aureo-fusco indutd, prope mai-ginem ventralem
Iceviter squamosd.

The soft Ostr^a. Shell quadr.ite-subtrigonal, com-
pressed, subfequivalve, slightly golden-tinted or
bluish-white within, smooth at the sides, greenish
at the borders, hinge produced, narrow, acumi-
nate ; lower valve suffused purple, smooth ; upper
valve a little convex, covered with a very soft
slightly golden-tinted brown, a little sijuamose
near the ventral margin.

Sowerby.

Hab. ?

There is a kind of velvety softness in the outer

covering of the upper valve in this shell which se-oms

to distinguish it.

Species 19. (Mus. Brit.)

CsTRiEA OCHRACEA. Ost. irregulariter elongato-siibtri-
gond, inmquivalvi, solidmsculA hwigald, ochraced,
albo, purpurea, etfusco slrigatd aid variegaid, in-
tus ad marginem pU7pureo ; valndd inferiori pro-
fundd, superiorem superanti, cardine acuminatim
producio ; valvuld superiori sub-planvlatd.

The ochraceous Ostr.e.\. Shell irregularly elongate-
sub trigonal, inffiquivalve, rather solid, smooth,
ochraceous, striped and variegated with white,
purple, and brown ; lower valve deep, overlapping
the upper, hinge produced in a point; upper
valve rather flattened.

Sowerbt.

Hab. Mazatlan.

Some Sfiecimens of this are in the Mazatlan collec-
tion of the Britisli Museum, assigned by M. Carpenter
to the American species 0. virginiana, included in
this monograph among the varieties of 0. rostraia,
Chemn., with which, however, it is not easy to connect
the present species.

Species 20. (Mus. Brit.)

OsTR.«A rostralis. Ost. testd elongatd, irregulariter
undatd, laxe foUaced, albidd, purpurea fuscoque
slrigatd et variegatd, incequivalvi ; cardine acu-
minata, angusto, producio; valvuld inferiori intus
albd, ad margines superiares superanti.

The beaked OsxRiEA. Shell elongated, irregularly
undated, loosely foliated, whitish, striped and
variegated with brown and purple, inajquivalve :
hinge acuminated; narrow, produced ; lower valve
white within, overlapping the upper at the mar-
gins.

Lamarck. Anim. s. vert. Ostr»a, No. 13.

Hab. River Tagus near Lisbon. Sir C. Trevelyan.

In the label with this specimen at the Britisli Museum.
0. longirostris, Lam. (No. 17 in the Especes fossiles),
is referred to by Sir C. Trevelyan ; but as that species
is described as having in the lower valve a beak larger
than all the rest of the valve, the identification is con-
tradicted.

Species 21. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

OsTR^A Talienwahnensis. Ost. testd elongatd, tri-
gond, albd, purpurea fuscoque slrigatd et maculatd ;
perfoliaced; valvuld inferiori coniiexiusculd ;
foliaced, IcBviter plicatd, cardine producio attenuaJLo.
acuminata; valvuld superiori concentrice lami-
natd, laminis laqueatis, versus marginem ventralem
valide plicatd, expansd.

The Talienwah Ostr^a. Shell elongated, trigonal,
white, spotted and striped with purple and white,
very foliaceous ; lower valve rather convex, folia-
ceous, slightly plicated, hinge produced, attenuated,
acuminated ; upper valve concentrically laminated,
the lamina; fluted, towards the ventral margin
strongly plicated, expanded.

Crosse. Journal de Conchyliolagie.

Ilah. Talienwah.

This beautiful oyster is remarkable for its concentric-
fluted frills, and for the richness of the purple strijies
and spots set off by their white surface.

January, 1871.

OstrcmPLXI.

'4>M>^^''^^ "^"fiTi-rt^*

^J

Sowerby, del et liLh

Vince.iilhi-ook:;,l)ay)iSun.l

0 S T R .E A.

Species 22. (Fig. a, Mus. Brit. Fig. b, c, Sowerby.)

()sTR«A CRiSTA-GALLi. Ost. testd plerumque subqua-
dratd, valklissime plicatd, plicis angulatis profun-
dis, divaricatim granoso-striatd jmrpweo-fuscA
vel fulvA vel albidd, versiis marginem pallide
violaced ; iniils pallidiori, ad marginem granu-
hiid ; cardine lato, complanalo ; valvuld inferiori
per lobis foliaceis productis ad niadreporas mpes-
que adhmrenti.

The cock's-comb OsTr.^.\. Shell generally subqua-
drate, strongly plicated, folds angular and deep,
divergently granularly striated, purple brown, or
fulvous, or whitish, pale violet towards the
margin ; paler within, granulated at the margin ;
hinge wide, flattened ; lower valve adhering to
madrepores and rocks by produced leafy lobes.

LinnjEus (Mytilus) Systema Naturaj.

Hah. Indian Ocean.

Oysters of this species occur in fine groups, attached

to each other by a portion of their surface, and to
madrepores by lobelike projections.

Species 23. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

OsTR^A viitESCENS. Ost. tesld suboibiculari, solidd,
intits viridi ; valvuld inferiori profwndd, margine
laqueato ; valvidd superiori planulatd, divaricatim
costatd, costis crebris, rotundis, crassis lineis rube-
scentibus notatis ; cardine lato, medio excavato.

The virescent Ostr^ea. Shell suborbicular, solid, green,
within ; lower valve deep with fluted margin ;
upper valve flattened, divergently ribbed, ribs
close, rounded, thick, marked with reddish lines ;
hinge wide, excavated in the middle.

Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868.

Uab. Port Jackson, Australia.

In some respects resembling Ostrcea pyxidata, but
the ribs are thick and close tosrether.

January, 1871.

'■/

OstnmPlJIL

Sowerby, delet lith.

Vincent BrooksJ)ay(£Soii.Inip

0 S T R ^ A.

Plate XII.

Species 24. (Mus. Brit.J

OsTR^A MEGODON. Ost. testd solidd subcequivalvi,
obscure 2mr2nired vel viiidi fulvescenti, transverse
elmgatd, arcuatd, reniformi, margine ventrali
qumque ad sexplicatd, pHcis viaximis, rotimdts, ad
marginem externum perfoliaceis ; intus alhd, partim
subviridi; impressione /nuscutari magnd, reniformi.

The large-toothed Ostr^ea. Shell solid, nearly
equivalve, dull purple or greenish fulvous, trans-
versely elongated, arched, reniform, ventral
margin with five or six plaits, very large, rounded,
foliated at the outer margin ; white within, partly
greenish ; muscular impression large, reniform.

Hanlev. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845.

Ostrcea galliis, Valenciennes.

Hab. Peru.

t5pecies 25. (Mus. Brit.)

OsTR^A RUFA. Ost. testd trigond, solidd, rugoso-sqm-
mosd, riifd, aut fusco-purpured ; ijit-ds medio fusco-
suipurpiired, ad marginem albidd ; valmdd inferiori
profundd, ad marginem vahain superiorem supei-anti ;
valvuld superiori subplamdatd, versics margine?!?
squamis brevibus crassis armatd.

The rufous Ostr^a. Shell trigonal, solid, roughly-
squamose, rufous or brownish purple; within,
brownish purple in the middle, whitish at the
margin ; lower valve deep, overlapping the upper
at the margin ; upper valve rather flattened, armed
with short thick scales near the margin.

Lamarck. Anim. sans vert. Ostrsa, No. 25.

Ostreea tubercidata, Lamarck; Ostrcea Australis, Lamarck.

Ilab. America,

January, 1S71.

OstrmtPiXin.

^"^m.

/

Sowewby , del.et lith .

Vinceiu Brooks. iJav &Son.in

0 S T R .E A.

(Fig. 4. a, h, Mus. D'Orb. in Brit.)

In figuring tliese two shells it was intended to repre-
sent as a distinct species the OstrcBa Puelcha7iaoi D'Or-
bigny, who has so named the specimens. I cannot,
however, on further consideration, regard them in
any other light than as intere.'^ting varieties of the
South American Ostrcea parasitica.

Sp,

•20. (iMus. Brit.)

0sTR.4;.\ DiscoiDEA. Ost. leslA rolundA, complanatA,
tenuiter striatd, albo-fulvescenti, pallide pur-
purea radiatd, subcequivalvi ; carding parvo ;
valvidd in/eriori convexd, ii)i]»-essioiie muscu-
lari maximd ; valvidd superiori valde compressd.

The discoid Ovsteu. Shell rounded, ilattened, finely
striated, whitish brown, rayed with pale purple, I
subaeqiiivalve ; hinge small ; lower valve convex,
muscular impression very large ; upper valve
miich compressed. ;

Gould.

Hab. Fijee Islands and New Zealand. j

A rounded species with a flat upper valve and very
contracted hinge. '

Januarv

Species 27.

OsiK^A Ano.\ssi. Ost. testd magna, compressd ro-
tundo-suhtrigond, cinered, vershs margines vix
purpured, incequivalvi ; intus albd ; valvvld in-
feriori crassd, costatd, margine expanso, laqueato
limbo cceruleo ; valvuld superiori depressd, squamis
latis, tenidbus, Icevigatis, versus margines laqtieatis
armatd ; cardine lato, complanafo ; imjiressione
musculari utrdque valvd magnd.

Axgas's Ostr^a. Shell large, compressed roundly
subtrigonal, cinereous, a little purple towards the
margins, insquivalve, white within ; lower valve
thick, ribbed, its margin expanded, fluted, with
bluish border ; upper valve depressed, armed
with broad, thin, smooth scales fluted towards the
margin ; muscular impression large in both valves.

SoWEIiBY.

Eab. Port Jackson. 3Ir. G. F. Angas.

The sculpture of this large species is much less
coarse than in equally large specimens of 0. edulis,
and the upper valve is more convex than in that
species.

OstrmvPlXN.

VmceniBrooks.Day&Soti.lmp

Soworby. delet lith

0 S T R vE A.

Species 28. (Miis. Brit.)

OsTK^A SOLIDA. Ost. testd crai>!!d, ohlongo-suhovatd,
swprh subaUe7iuatd, versus marginem venirahm
expansd, plicis numerosis, suhrotundif, radiantibus
laqueatd ; valvuld inffriori hand profunda, cras-
sissimd, intiis medio juseo nigricanti s^tbulatd turn
subaureo-fuscd, margine ventrali /usco-piirjmred :
marginibiislateralibuscrenulatis;marginecardinali
angusto, subelongato, complanato ; valvuld snpe-
riori irregulariter tiiberculald, alhidii, puUtdissinie
purpurea svhulald.

The solid Osth^a. Shell thick, oblong-subovate, rather
attenuated above, expanded towards the ventral
margin, fluted with numerous rounded radiating
ribs; lower valve not deep, very thick, clouded
within by blackish brown in the centre, then golden
brown, ventral margin pvirplish brown, lateral
margins crenulated ; hinge margin narrow, rather
long, flattened ; upper valve irregularly tuber-
culated, whitish, very lightly clouded with purple.

SOWERBT.

Hob. Gulf of Panama.

There is a second specimen in the British Museum col-
lection, which is straighter, and less distinctly wrinkled
than the one figured, with considerably less colour
within.

Species 20. (Mus. Brit.)

OSTR.EA TURBiN.\TA. Ost. testd fuscd, muximd, crassd
medio complanatd, versiis marginem plicis paucis,
maximis, acute angulatis, armatd; valwJd infer iori
crassissimd. ad marginem alteram jyaiilo superanti;
intiis medio albidd, limbo deme fmcato, ma/rgine
cardinali elongato, angusto; valmdd superior!,
medio albido, planulato, impressione musculari

The turbinated Ostr^a. Shell brown, very large,
thick, flattened in the middle, armed towards the
border with few very large acutely angular plaits ;
lower valve very thick, a little exceeding the other
at the margin ; within whitish in the middle, deep
brown at the border, hinge margin elongated,
narrow ; upper valve whitish in the middle, flat-
tened ; muscular impression very large.

Lamarck. Animaux sans vertebres. Ostrsce, No. 44.
HaJj. ?

No locality is assigned to the specimen in the British
Museum of this large oyster, which differs from Ostrwa
Sinensis chiefly in the magnitude and angularity of
the plaits.

February, 1871.

(\slnvaPI\y.

J^^

'5.'^

ri^M

Wk

Sowci-bv. do. et litl;

\';:>.VJi'.Hroofe.l);.vi;;.>n,lmp

0 S T R iE A.

Species M. (Fig. <i, li, Mus. Rrit.)
OsTR^EA RADIX. Od. tcstd mbcortipressd, tmuiusculd,
irregulari, oblongd, radialim plicatd, plicis laxis.
rotundatis, cdhido-svhpurpured, vel omnino fused,
purpureo vel fiisco lineatim g/rigatd ; valvnlA in-
feriori foliaced, foKis exsCanlihus adiuprentibus ar-
matd ; valmdd superiori alteram (rquanti.
Till-: KOOT OsTRiE.\. Shell siibooinpresseil, rather thin,
irregular, oblong, radiately plicated, plaits loo.se,
rounded ; purplish white, or brown all over,
linearly striped with jmrjjle or brown ; lower valve
foliaceous, armed with outstanding adhering folia-
tions ; upper valve equalling the other.

SOWERBY.

IM>. .'

I do not find that any author has yet named this
species, which appears fairly to merit distinction. Pig.
It, however, is not very cliaracteristic, the plaits being
nearly obsolete.

Species :V2. (Mus. D'Orbigny in Brit.)

OsTR.«!A SPRETA. Ost. testd. sfi,bquadratd, antic'e sub-
productd, cuneatd ; margine cardinali anguxto,
apicibus acuminatw ; valvidd in/eriori subpro/undd,
intils vai-iegatd; valvuld superiori purpureo strigatd,
rugosd, versils marginem irregulariter plicatd.

The .slighted Ostr^a. Shell subquadrate, rather pro-
duced and cuneated anteriorly ; hinge margin

Species SI. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Urit.)

!.«A MOUDAX. Ost. testd pei-pendicularitcr oblongd,
compres.-)d, ad marginem profundi; lohntd, intvs
inter lobas acute denticulaiil : valruld inferiori
crassd, medio albidd. Umbo inter denticulas dense
fuico-purpureo; margine cardinali recto, ad terminos
quaJrato ; valmdd guperiori subcinnamoned, pnr-
pureo variegntd, valde planulatd.
BITING Ostr^a. Shell perpendicularly oblong,
compressed, deeply lobed at the margin, acutely
denticulated within between the lobes ; lower-
valve thick, whitish within, the border between
the denticles deep purple-brown ; hinge margin
straight, squared at the ends ; upper valve slightly
cinnamon-tinted, variegated with purple, very flat.
LD. Wilson's Expedition.
», California ?

narrow, apices acunnn
deep, variegated witl
striped, rough, irregul
margin.
D'Orbigny. Voy. .Vnu'r. "SU
llnh. Kio de .buieirn, P,r;izil

lowiT v.ilve rathe
upper valve ])urpl
[ilicated tow.'irds tl:

A very gi-

IS species of irregular growth.

(Mus. Brit.)

Ostr.-ea Ciiii.okx^is. (>!it. tisfd valde foliaced, elongato-
subtrigonA, albidd, iidhs partim viridesccnti, mar-
ginibus haud denticulatis, valvuld inferiori alteram,
ad margineni superanti, vix profnndd ; valvuld
superiori planulatd, sublctvigatd, taxi sqv/imatd

The Chiloe O.str/ea. Shell very foliaceous, elongated,
subtrigonal, whitish, partly greenish within, mar-
gins not denticulated ; lower valve exceeding the
other at the margin, not very deep; upper valve
flattened, rather sinodth. loosely scaled.

Hub. Chiloe.

There is truly very little to distinguish this sjieci
from the " Xative" variety of our edible oyster. It :
however, of thinner growth and more tapering towar
the hinge.
February, \X~i\-

()s/frn< tIJVI.

Sawerby, (IbI et ktVi.

Vincont -Broote.DayASon.Imp

0 S T R iE A.

Species 34. (Mus. Brit.)

OsTR^A CUCULLATA. Ost. testd subtrigmiA solidisdmd,
pUccUd, plicis angtdaribus, pJenunqve magnis prope
apicem cdbidd, versits itiarginem purpured fasciis
den»ioribus strigatd ; vahnild inferiori crassd, al-
teram ad marginem, giiperanti, sublus margmem
cardinalem cucidlafd cardine elongato, frequenter ad
umbonem valde prodnctd, plicis elcmgatis, nonnun-
quam rotundatis et imbricalis ; valvuld superiori
medio planulatd versus marginem piicatd.

The hooded O.str^a. Shell subtrigonal, very solid,
plaited, plaits angiilar, generally large, whitish
near the apex, jnirple toward.s the margin, striped
with deeper bands; lower valve thick, overlapping
the other at the margin, hooded under the hinge
margin, hinge elongated, frequently nuich pro-
duced at the apex; plaits elongated, sometimes
rounded and imbricated ; upper valve fiat in the
middle, plaited towards the margin.

Born. Mus. Ind. Cses. Tab. G, f. 11, 12.

Osticea cornucopia. Chemnitz, f. 679.

Ostrcea Forskali. Chemnitz, f. 671 bis 6.

Considering the great variation observable in this
species, particularly in the elongation of the hinge, I
think Mr. Hanley right in referring to it the Ostnea
comucopiw and the Ostrcea Forshali of Chemnitz. The
latter is represented by our fig. a, from a specimen in
the collection of the British Museum, which has the

hinge elongated to an enormous extent, the result of
the specimen having been attached only by a small part
of its surface.

Species 35. (Mus. Sowerby.)
Ostr.«;a Mexicana. Ost. testd ad lapides adhcerenti,
ovatd, tenui, subcompressd, ad marginem laxe pii-
catd ; valvuld inferiori cos'atd, haud profunda,
albidd, purpurea pictd, alteram ad marginem su-
peranti ; valvuld superiori medio convexo, versus
marginem plicate, albido, velfulvo, lineis strigisque
fuscis vel purpureis, et versiis apicem fascid mediand
siibpurpured, fasciis albis duabus marginald,
rudlatd ; apicibus incurvis, cardine tenui, angusto.
The Me.xican OstrjEa. Shell adhering to pebbles,
ovate, thin, subcompressed, loosely plaited at the
margin ; lower valve ribbed, not deep, whitish,
painted with purple, overlapping the other ; upper
valve convex in the middle, plaited towards the
margin, whitish, or fulvous, rayed with brown or
purple lines and stripes, and towards the apex a
central purplish band edged with two white bands;
apices curved inwards ; hinge thin, narrow.
Sowerby.
Hab. Tehuantepec, Mexico.

A rather variable shell, having some relations with
the preceding. It is a much thinner shell, witli no
tendency to a trigonal form, to a prolongation of the
hinge, or to any depth of hollow under the hinge.

February, 1871.

Osircro PJ.XMI.

Sowerby.del etlilli

Vmceiit,Bvook",.DayJi;Son,Ii]ip

0 S T R .E A..

Species :

(Fig. n, Mus. Brit.; Ii, Mus. Taylor.)

OsTii^A IMBRICATA. Os^t. testi'i foliuad, teiiiii, lii.r<'
radiatim plicatd, 7-osea, uiamlis jmrpureis imym's
irreqularibus ornatd, vel pallide ftdvA super plicas
nibrnfusco tinctd : plifin mediank marjuis, bifurcntii',
angulatim mtuwldli.'', ml •uii/n/ns iiiihriratiin tiihu-
losis ; valvA iiijirifri /'f i/m ul, r/d/inrcii.

The imbuiCATED Ovsti.u. Shell t'oliace«ms, thin, loosely
radiately plicated, pink, ornuiiu'iited with large
purple irregular spots, or ]>ale fawn tinted with
reddish brown ; middle folds large, bifurcated,
angularly rounded, with inibrii-ated tuhes at the
angles ; lower valve often foliaeeotis.

Lamarck. Anini. sans vert. (Jstra^a, No. 4(1.

Bab. China.

Like Ostrcea f/i/otis, but of looser and less solid tex-
ture, variegated in colours, and the dee]i central plicse
less angular.

R])ccics ."7. (Mus. Ilanley.)

OsTR^A Ctrnl'sii. OsI. tratd nb/onr/o-subtrlgond,
pallide rorncil, phtiinhitim Kijiiiinnhitd, pondmm ;
vdlvii .•'iiii.':trd '■ra>'si^siind, exttis landmitiin. fulinced:
rurdiii, ,l<i>n/iili,, lato, in mediuin pi-njaiidn :
imj)ii^.<iirii,i' iiiiisfHiiiri rimximd, subrcinfunnl.
TiiK CoRsiCAN O.stRjEA. Shell oblong subtrigonal, pale
horny, flatly squamose, ponderous ; left valve very
thick, with leafy lainiiue outside ; hinge elongated,
wide, deep in the middle ; muscular impression
very large, somewhat reniform.
Payradau. MoUusques de I'lsle de Corse.
TIab. Island of Corsica.

One of the numerous forms which may be ultimately
resolved into the Ostnra Edulis, but which, on account
of its very laminated structure and heavy substance,
taken in conjtmction with the development of the ex-
traordinarily broad hinge, may usefully have a specitic
designation applied to it.

September, 187.

OstraaFl.mil

«erLy,del et litli

\'::-.'-oiU. Bi D;>te,Dav* Soii.i

0 S T R .E A.

Species 38. (Fig. a, b. Mus. Taylor).

OsTii^.v suBTHKiONA. Ost. testd subtrigotid, obtimgd
vel mbquadratd, ponderosd, versus umbones sub-
angustaid, ad marginem ventralem lata, qvadratd ;
margine valide plicato ; valvA inferiori profundd,
albido-subviridi, pu/-piireo marginatd, extits nidia-
Hm plicatd, fulvo et purpiireo concentrke fusciatd;
cardine acuminato, latcribtts prope cardinem crenu-
latis.

The .suBTniGONAL 0.sTn.i';A. Shell subtrigoiuil, oblong
or subquadrate, ponderous, rather narrowed
toward the umboes, broad at the ventral margin,
quadrate; margin strongly plicated, lower valve
deep, greenish white, edged with purple, without
radiately plicated, concentrically banded witli
fawn and purjjlc ; hinge acuminated, sides crenu-
lated near the hinge.

SoWEliBV.

Hah. Australia.

The sculpture of this shell is bold and large ; and
the square character of the ventral margin is striking.

Species 31). (:\Ius. Ilanley.)
OsTR^A TCLU'A. Ost. tistd tctiiii, ilougato-subovatd,
Icevigatd, purpurea, versus margincs pallidd, pi-ope
umbonem fascid albd mediand radiatd ; valvuld in-
feriori profundd, margine tenvissimo ; intus albi<lo,
purpureo tincto ; imprefsione muscvlari parvo,
purpurea.

The tulip OsTP.yEA. Shell thin, elongately-subovate,
smooth, purple, pale towards the margins, rayed
near the umbo, with a white medial band ; lower
valve deep, with very thin margin ; inside whitish
tinted with purple ; muscular impression small,
purple.

Lamarck. Anim. sans vert. Ostraia, No. 10.

OMrcea ^quatorialis, D'Orbigny ?

Hub. Central America, on Mangroves.

Allied to Ostrcea Rhizophorm and 0. p(mtsitica, of

which it may possibly be a variety.

Species 40. (Fig. ,i, Mus. Taylor ; b, r, Mus. Ilanley.)

OsTR,EA I'OLiUM. 0.<t. tc.'itd teiiuiusculd, fused aut
fusco-purpurcBd, ad Ehizophoras adham-enti per lobis
elongalis valimlce inferioris ; valvuld superiori
in medio in costd tubceformi elevatd, ad latera
divaricatim plicatd ; plicis rotiindis, Imvigatis.

The leaf Ostr^a. Shell rather thin, brown or
browni.sh purple, adhering to mangroves by
elongated lobes of the lower valve ; upper valve
in the middle elevated into a tube-shaped rib,
at the sides divergently ribbed ; ribs rounded,
smooth.

G.MEHN. Syst. Nat. Linn.

OMrcea sabrella. (test, jun.) Lamarck.

Ilab. Central America, on roots of mangroves.

This oyster throws out lobes of its shell to reach

points of attachment.

■September, 187L

Chlriiii 11 XIX

0 S T R yE A.

Species 41. (Fig. a, Mus. Hrit.; A,

Ml

llaniey.)

OsTR.EA FROSS. O^t. leM jUiwcd, tc iiui uscnld, pleriim-
que laid, per lohas testaceas ad radices adhwrenti,
suhpwjmreo-fitscd^ divwicatim plicatd, plicis ad
marginem magnis, acutangnlai-ihus ; intus pallida
snhaureo-fidrd, cardlne valves sinistrce parvA.

The leaflet Osti:.*:a. Shell I'oliiicoous, rather thin,
mostly broad, adhering to routs liy sliclly lobes,
purplish brown, divergently plicated; plications
large, sharply angtilar at the margins ; inside pale
golden fawn; hinge of the loft valve small.

LiNNiEUS. Syst. Nat.

Ostrma limacella, Lamarck.

Ostrcea iiiMla, Lamarck.

Ostrcsa EniceUa, Lamarck.

Hab. West Indies.

Differing from Ot^trmi fidiinn in the acutely angular
plaits ; and whereas it is the prevailing habit of the
0. Jhli urn to be attached lengthwise to the roots and
stems of seaweeds, the present species is generally
attached crosswise.

Species 42. (Mus. Ilanlcy.)

OsTr.^\ RETD.SA. Ost. testd elonyalA, tiiiijiiwformi,
tortuoso-wcuatd, solidd,coni:entrii'i lamimitd, alhidd,
pvrpureo tincto, intus albd, jivr/nirvn-iii/n.^'nit,
vei-sus marginevi ventralem sv/i/.-ni : nniriiiiiiliiiK
lateralibuslevitev crenulatis ; inijm .<sioii, imixi-iilari
elongatd ; cardine lata, ntrdipie valcd produdo ;
valvd inferiori perfoliaced.

The obsolete O.str.ea. Shell elongated, tongue-
shaped, tortuously arched, solid, concentrically
laminated, whitish tinted with purple, white within,
suffused with reddish purple near the ventral
margin ; lateral margins slightly crenulated ;
muscidar impression elongated ; hinge wide, pro-
duced in each valve ; lower valve very foliaceous.

Pease. ?

Il,d,. Sandwich Islands.

ind only in a half- fossil state.

This shi

Species 43. (Fi

OSTE.EA CJUERCINfS. Ost.

nigatd,

a, h. Mus. Hanley.)

■rqfidanhr
d margin,,, pl>n,ld, con>,>n's,,l, obsrure
pitrpured ; valcd inferiori sidicnni/ilniKitd. supcrurri
ivnrt'jdlisculd ; intus querriimx, m, in/in,' albido,
striijato, findiriatn : iinjircssiuiii' iiiiisri(/<iri maxima,
cuncentrice utriijaln.
The oak Oystkk. Sliell suborliicular, irregularly
rugged, plaited at the margin, compressed, dull
purple ; lower valve rather flattened, upper rather
convex; within oak-coloured, margin whitish,
striped, fimbriated ; muscular impression very
large, concentrically striped.

Hab. ?

A remarkable shell in Mr. llanley's collection, which
I can assign to no known species. The oak-wood
colouring of the interior and the large size of the
muscular impression, are the distinguishing charac-
teristics.

September. 1871.

(hi, a a n.XX.

Vnlwul.Broote Day.S Sou, Imp

0 S T R JE A.

specie

(Fiir. (1, h, Mus. Ilanley.)

OsTR^A COCHLEAR. Ost. lentd tenuisiimd, ovatd vel
suborhicidari, foliaced ; valvd inferiori profiin-
disstmd, alb& vel piirpureo strigatd, intus serpe
prope cardinem et medio vivide fused ; cardine
trigono ; valvd supenori compressA, margine rejkxo,
purjntred, prope marginem radiatiin strigatd.

The spoon Ostu^.a. Shell very thin, ovate or sub-
orbicular, foliaceous ; lower valve very deep,
white or stripeil with purple, often a bright brown
within near the hinge and in the middle ; hinge
trigonal; upper valve compressed, with the
margin reflected, jmrplo, near the margin radiateiy
striated.

Poll Utriusquo Sicila;, vol. ii. tab. 28, f. 28.

Hah. Mediterranean.

Remarkable for its thinness and diiith.

Species 4G. (Mus. Ilanley.)

! OsTU.KA rosacea. Ost. testd iiregulariter pUcatd, rugosd,

\ subtiigond, roseo-purpurascenti, intils albd, margine

nihro limatd ; valvd inferiori pirofundd., siiperiori

j compressd ; cardine parvo ; impressione musculari

mbrottindd, 2>(trvd.
The rosy O.STRiEA. Shell irregularly plicated, rough,
subtrigonal, purplish pink, interior white, with
margin red-bordered ; lower valve deep, upper
compressed ; "hinge small ; muscular iiufiressiou
rather round, small.

I CuKMNiTZ (Parasitica var.). Conch, f. 997.

' O.-itrwa pticatula var., Lamarck.

1 Hah. Lord Hood's Island.

I

Species 45. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Ilanley.)

OsTRA\ lima. OsI. testd pared, fused, longitridinaliter
subovatd, subceqiuvalvi, tenui, valvd iifiTiuri pro-
fumld, mimite striatd ; valvd superion subcomprcsi^d,
tubercidis parvis aaitimarginatis trigonis nigatd ;
cardine parro.

The file Ostr.ea. Shell small, bro-wn, longitudinally
subovate, subequivalve, thin ; lower valve deep,
minutely striated ; upper valve subcompressed,
roughened with small .sharp- edged trigonal
tubercles ; hinge small.

Sowerby.

Mab. Sandwich Islands.

The pecuUar rasp-like sculpture which roughens the

upper valve in this interesting little species does not

appear, as might at first be suspected, to be the resultof

any structure in the substances to which it is attached.

Species 47. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Hanley.)

OstRvEA Chemxitzii. Ost. testd tcnvi, comphmatd, de-
pressd, plicatim et xmdulatim rugosd, pkrumque
sinistrorsd, ad margincs lobatd ; valvd superiori
sicbviridi, prope umbones obscuri purpureo ; margine
dorsali post umbones e.rpanso : vmbmiibus jJ'irvis ;
cardine lineari.
Chemnitz's 0.str.ea. Shell thin, flattened, depressed,
roughened with plaits and undulations, generally
sinistral, lobed at the margins; upper valve
greenish, dull purple near the umboes ; dorsal
margin expanded behind the umboes ; umbues
small ; hinge linear.
n.\NLEY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845.
Ilab. China.

I understand by Mr. Hanley's expression "shell
generally sinistral," that whereas in most species the
ape.x is turned towards the posterior side as indicated
by the position of the adductor muscle, in this species
it is generally turned away from that side.

September, 1871.

Oslriiu ri.XKI.

~'^i^iM^%>^

SoweTiiy, delel,liih

Vinr.cni Brooks DayA Son, Imp

0 S T R .E A.

Species 48. (Fig. n, b, Uus. Taylor.)

OsTR.EA L.\CTE.\. Ost. testd ad Rhizoporas adJucrenti,
radialim plicatd transverse subovatd, solidd, lactea-
roseo fulvoqiie lincfd, subtils ccendced, inths cas-
taneo auroque subviridipicld, margiaibus cairuleis ;
impressione musculari utraque valvd dense cas-
taned ; marginibus lateralibus versus umbones den-
ticulatis ; valva superioris costis rotundis depres-
smsculis, valvcB inferioris subangulath, profimdis
rugatis, ad triargiuem ratcam .superiorem stiper-
antibtcs.

The milk Ostu.e.^. Shell adlieriug to numgrovcs,
radiately plicate, transversely subovate, solid,
milk-white, tinted with rose and fawn, bluish
underneath, inside jiaintcd chestnut and greenish
gold with blue margins ; muscular impression in
each valve deep chestnut ; lateral margins den-
ticulated towards the umbocs ; ribs of the upper
valve rounded, rather depressed, of the lower
valve slightly angular, deep wrinkled, overreaching
the upper valve at the margin.

SowEunT.

//„/,. ?

The blue tinted and rather regular ribs of the under
valve, and the golden tinted chestnut painting of the
interior, render this rather a pretty species.

Species 49. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Taylor.)

OsTRiEA ATTENDATA. Osi. testd !i>tl,Jl/>/Ji il.lli/, r (itteUU-

atd, angustissimd solidd, lateral ili r ari imln. jmllu/d
superne fusco concentrice drigald, iul'us ■marjiue
crenato, nigrescenti, impressionibus muscularibus
nigris, cuneatis ; cardiue lato, producto, quad7'ato,
valvw inferioris elongato.
The attenuated Ostr^a. Shell longitudinally attenu-
ated, very narrow, solid, laterally arched, pale,
concentrically striped with brown, margin within

crenulated, blacki.sh, muscular impressions black,
cuneate ; hinge wide, produced, square, that of the
lower valve elongated.

SoWEIUiV.

Hab. .'

The long narrow tbrm of this species, and the den-
ticulations of its darkly coloured inner border, mark it
as very distinct. The concentric stripes described
would not probably appear if the outer surface of the
upper valve were not worn.

Species 50. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Hanley.)

OstRjEa tuberculahis. Ost. testa ovato-subtrigond,
valde ina'.quivah'i, foliaced, subobliqud ; valvd
superiori parvd, cowplanatd, rugoso-squamosd,
pallide subvindo-fuscatd, apice sid>spirali ; valvd
i7iferioriprofundd,utrinque uuriculatd, ad inargines
expansd, intils versus margines radiis violaceis
pictd, exttis fere oiauiiw /mrpai-ed, Icevigatd, plicis
divergentibus, liifi'n'ii/i/nrinibi(s, distantibus ar-
matd; margine ]i/ii atu, cndiue parvo.

The tubercular Ostr^a. Shell ovally subtrigonal,
very inequivalve, foliaceous, suboblique ; upper
valve small, flattened, roughly squamose, pale
greenish brown, with subspiral apex ; lower valve
deep, auriculated on both sides, expanded at the
margins, painted towards the margins inside with
violet rays ; outside nearly all over purple, smooth,
armed with divergent tuborculiform distant plaits ;
margin plaited ; hinge small.

Lamarck.

Hab. Island of Timor.

This shell is supposed by I\Ir. Hauley to be the

Ostrcea plicatida of Philippi, but not of the earlier

authors. It appears to me very fairly to represent the

LamarcJcia7i species to which I have ventm-ed to

September, 1871.

(Mrna PiXXn.

-BTOck,-. D.oyiSon.Iinl

0 S T R yE A.

Plate XXII.

Species 51. (Mus. Taylor.)

OsTR^A LACERANS. Oft. tcstA elongato-suhtrigond,
longitudinaliter attemiatd, tenui, foliaced, pallida,
inlus purjiureo tinctd ; ad marginem veidralem
lobatd, cardine trigono, producto ; valvd supenori
depressd, suhconcavd ; valvd inferiori costis acutt's,
imbricatis, subspini/eris, distantibiis sculptd.

The torn Oyster. Shell elongate subtrigonal, longi-
tudinally attenuated, thin, foliaceous, pale, tinted
inside with purple, lobed 'at the ventral margin ;
hinge trigonal, produced ; upper valve depressed,
rather concave ; under valve sculptured with
sharp, imliricated, and rather spiniferous distant
ribs.

Hanlev. Proc. Zuol. Soc. 1845.

Ilab. Senegal.

Species 52. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
OsTRiEA. glomerata. Ost. testd crassd, irregulari, acuti-
costatd, margine dentaio vel lobato, valde inoiqui-

valvi, valvd superiori opercidari compressd, laminis
eraitsis concentricis fugatA ; valvd inferiori cucul-
latd, purpured, intils albidd, purpurea aut nigra
marginatd ; mnrginibus l(deralibun denticulatis,
cardine plemmque attenuato, producto, acuminata.
The conglomerated Ostr^a. Shell thick, irregu-
lar, sharp-ribbed, with the margin dentated or
lobed, very inequivalve ; upper valve opercular,
compressed, wrinkled with thick concentric
lamina; ; lower valve cucullated, purple, while
witliin edged with purple or black ; latera mar-
gins denticulated ; hinge generally attenuated,
produced, pointed.
GdULD. AVilkes' Expedition.

Hab. ?

It is ditScuIt to distinguish this species from Ostriea
cucullata, if indeed they be not identical. The ribs of
0. glomerata are more numerous and strong, not
broadly angular as in Fig. o4, a, b. The young are
often spinose as in Fig. 52, b. Never, perhaps, so much
so as in the true 0. spinosa.

September, 1871.

OstrfxaFLJKIIl.

Vinceni Brooks T)av* '.

0 S T 11 /E A.

Plati: XXIII.

Sjiecies :,?,. (Fig. a, l>, ^[lls. Taylor.)

Osrn-EA BiCOLOiv. Ost. tedA ocato-suhtrujottil , soliili),
compressd, albidd, purpurea latissimi biradiatd,
vix lamellosd, margine simplici, nonnunquani un-
dulato ; umhonibus acyiiminatis : valvulls intuis
alhis, marginihus lateralibus Iccvigatis.
The two-coloui!EI) Ostr^.v. Shell ovate-subtrigonal,
solid, compressed, whitish, with two very broad
purj)le rays, scarcely lamellar, margin simple,
sometimes undulated, umboes acuminated ; valves
white within, the lateral margins smooth.
Hanley. Conchological Miscellany. Ost. fig. 2.
Hab. Senegal (?).

The original specimen described by Mr. Ilauley
was attached by its entire surface to the bottom of a
ship. One of Mr. Taylor's specimens has portions of
wood adhering to it, which have been pierced by speci-
mens of a Teredo.

Species 54. (Mus. Hanley.)
OsTR.EA LAMELLOSA. Ost. tcsld utrdquc valvA valdc
foliaced et squamiferd, albidd, purpurea leviter
variegatd, ovaid, crassd ; valcd superiori subde-
pressd, versus umbonem Iceviv^culd, concentrice
strigald squamis purpureis, extantibus laminatd ;
valvd inferiori profuride excavatd, laminibus ex-
tantibus lobatis ornatd.
The LAMELLAR OsTR^EA. Shell very foliaceous and
squamil'erous in both valves, whitish, slightly
variegated with purple, ovate, thick ; upper valve
subdepressed, rather smooth and concentrically
striped towards the umbo, laminated with purple
outstanding scales ; lower valve deeply excavated,
ornamented with outstanding lobed lamina;.

Biioccui, as in Philippi. Moll. Sic.
Ilab. Lake Fusaro, near Naples.

It may bo considered an open question whether this
form, like Ostnra Cyruusii, should be regarded as a
distinct species, or merely a variety of Ostrcea edulis.
The specimen in Mr. Hanley 's collection was identified
by Philippi himself.

Species 55. (I\Ius. Hanley.)
O.STi;.EA DKiMiESSA. Ost. testd suborbicidariter svhtri-
gond, complanatd, deprensd, nlbida, radiis tribun

SlljH

viht

jmrpvi-iis hills iiirl,} : valciih'i
concfiitrici.'i ,-.</ii(i nninnii iiidlit,}
laceratis, ,l<riiiiilii'iitihiis : iuii/>oiiiliii^ p<iri:'is : mar-
gine domali ulrinque declivi.
The depressed O.str^a. Shell suborbicularly sub-
trigonal, llattened, depressed, whitish, painted
with three broad purple rays ; upper valve
covered with layers of scales ; scales smootli,
lacerated, decumbent; umboes small, dorsal mar-
gin sloped on each side.
Philiiti. MoUusca SiciUa;.
Ilab. Adriatic.

This is usually regarded as a form of Ostrwci t
assuming a flattened orbicular form on account i
Hat surface to which the shell is attached.
ai>pearance of this specimen is, however, remarkable
for the broad purple rays, which are not seen in
Ostrma edulis., except in very yoimg specimens, such as
represented in our Plate v. fig. 8 d. Andin that case
there are not, as here, three distinct rays with broad
intervals, but the young shell is nearly covered with
purple divided by a light ray in the centre. Ostrcea
depressa may possibly be a species hereditarily dis-
tinct.

'.dulis,

af the

The

September, 1871.

Ostne^iFl.XXIV.

SoT."»:-by, del etJitli.

0 S T R .E A.

Species 5('>. (Fig. a, b, c, Mils. Ilanley.)
OsTi'.^A PAL5IIPES. Ost. tesid compressUsimd suhquad-
ratd, tenui, valdc incequivalvi, in(equilaterali,fulvd,
purjmreo vel nigro radiatd ; latere ant ico b rev is-
dmo declivi, margine dorsali recto, margine ven-
trali suhrotundo, lobalo ; uvibonibus parvis,
acuminatis; valvuld superiori hevigatd, parvd ;
valvuld inferiori majits expant-d, extus radiatim
striata et distanter costatd ; costis septem, tubercu-
latis, ad margiiiem produclis, inlerstitii^ conipla-
natis.
The P.\lm-footed Osti!JE.\. iSliell much compressed
subquadrate, thin, very inequivalve, inequilateral,
fulvous, rayed with purple or black ; anterior side
very sliort, sloped ; dorsal margin sti-aight, ventral
magin rounded, lobed ; uniboes small, acuminated ;
upper valve smooth, small, lower valve more ex-
panded, radiately striated and distantly ribbed
without ; ribs 7, tuberculated, produced at the
margin, interstices flattoned.

SOWERBT.

Hah. Philippines.

The peculiar characteristic of tliis rather pretty
oyster is found in the outer surface of the lnwcr valve,
which from the radiating ribs endiiij,' in l(;ln's and the
flattened surfaces between, [ireseiits ilic appearance of
the webbed foot of a bird.

Species 57. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Ilanley.)
OsTRJiA KENiFORMis. Ost. testd cvassd, cloiigntd, an-
gustd, lateraliter amiKl,!, tilbidil, incequivalvi;
valvuld superiori ami/'nss.i. tumpUmatd, prpio
margines sub/uliaced, inli/s /mf/mrt'o marginald ;
valvuld inferiori profiuide cxcaratd ; margine
ventrali utrdque valvd acuminata, margine cardi-

nuli recto ; impressioiiilms innscidarihus purpurco-
nigrescenlibus.
The i;eniform Ostu.ea. Shell thick, elongated, narrow,
laterally arched, whitish, inequivalve ; upper
valve compressed, flattened, a little leafy towards
the uuirgins, edged within with purple ; lower
valve deeply excavated, ventral margin in each
valve acuminated, hinge margin straight, mus-
cular impressions blackish purple.

SOWERIIV.

Hab. ?

The specimen is peculiarly arched inwards on the
posterior, and outwards on the anterior side.

Species 58. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Ilanley.)

OsTRjEA LENTiGiNosA. Ost. lestd obUque ovato-subor-
hiculari, subleiUicu/ari ; albidd, subrugosd, intus
luteo ■punctatd, marginibus radiathn striatis, ex-
2)ansis, sublaqueatis ; impressio/nibus inuscularihus
rolundis ; cardine elongato, angusto, recto ; latere
antico brevi, rotunda ; latere postlco producto,
valvd inferiori foliaced.

The freckled Ostr^ea. Shell obliquely ovate-subor-
l:)icular, sublenticular; whitish, rather rough, inside
spotted with yellow, margins radiately striated,
expanded, a little fluted ; muscular impressions
rounded; hinge elongated, narrow, straight; an-
terior side short, rounded ; posterior side pro-
duced ; lower valve leafy.

SoWERBV.

Hab. ?

The interior surface of this species is distinguished
by a sprinkle of yellowish or purplish spots. The shell
is otherwise of a dull stone-coloured white.

September, 1871.

Ostra'.a PL IXl'

iiosvferby.rlelcu iiUi

Vi:_ce;\.t.8TookEl)ayi.Son,lmp.

0 S T U .E A.

Pi.vri.:

Species 59. (Mus. Taylor.)
OsTnj!A MULTiiiADiATA. Ost. tcstd vugosd, comprcssd,
tenui, ftilvd, strigis numerosis puvpureis radiatd ;
marginibus expansis, laqueatis,foliaceis; latere an-
tico superne expanso, alato ; latere postico infrSt
expan.<o, valiicid inferiori irregularitcr costatd et
interstriatd ; cardine parvo, trigono.
The many-rayed Ostr^a. Shell rugose, com])re.ssecl,
thin, fulvous, rayed with numerous purple strite,
margins expanded, fluted, leafy; anterior side ex-
panded and winged above ; posterior side expand-
ed below, lower valve irregularly ribbed and iu-
terstriated ; hinge small, trigonal.

SOWERBY.

Hah. ?

The outer surface of the lower valve is peculiarly
sculptured, with short ribs and striaj between and upon
them.

Species GO. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Taylor.)
OsTRiE.*. AURicuLATA. Ost. testd solidd, squaiutferd,
suborhiculari, subfuscd, intus alhidd viridi vane-
gatd ; marginibus lateral ibus et ventralibus dense
plicatis, margine dorsali utrinque auriculatd ; niar-
gine postico ad latus excavate, ad marginem ventra-
lem acute producto ; valvd superiori comjihmatd,
dense squamosd et costellatd, valvd inferiori valde
convexd, infrd, auriculas dense divancatim cos-
tellatd, medio et ad marginem ventralem costis majori-
bus, incequalibus, nonnullis prominente tuberculaio-
spinosis ornatd.
The auriculated Ostr.ea. Shell solid, sqiiamiferous,
suborbicular, brownish, whitish within variegated
with green ; lateral and ventral margins closely
ribbed, dorsal margin auriculated on each side,

XXV.

posterior margin excavated at the side, acutely
produced at the ventral margin ; upper valve
flattened, closely scaly and ribbed ; lower valve
convex, closely divergently ribbed ; in the middle
and towards the ventral margin ornamented with
larger, unequal ribs, some of them prominently
tubercularly spinoso.

SOWEUBY.

II ab. Japan.

The specimens of tlic following species are seen
growing upon a large luider valve of this species, which
does not show the auricles so clearly as in fig. 60, a, b,
but in which the excavated margin and the diverg-
ing side ribs under the auricles are seen still more
plainly.

Species CI. (Mus. Taylor.)

OSTR.EA jiulticostata. Ost. tcstd ovato-oblongd,/usco-
purpureo, medio concentrice strigato, versus mar-
gines dense squamosd et costellatd,, intiis alhidd,
versus margines ptirpureo radiatd ; vcdvuld. supe-
riori tvmidiusculd; valvuldinferion extiis piirpured,
radiatim costellatd, coslellis rotundatis, ad latera
divaricatis.

The MANY-RIBBED OsTRjEA. Shell ovately oblong, pur-
plish brown, concentrically striped in the middle,
densely squamose towards the margins, purple
rayed ; upper valve rather tumid ; lower valve
purple without, radiately ribbed ; ribs rounded,
divergent at the sides ; margins closely crenulated.

Sowerby.

Hob. Japan.

The only specimens I have met widi are attached

to the lower valve of a s]iecimen of tlie preceding

species.

September, 1.S71.

OstnmFiXXVI.

■^

'ml

F f

Sowerhy deleLiti?.

Yincei\t. BrooV.s P.ry X SoTi.l

O S T R /E A.

Pi„Mi; XXVI.

Species Ki. (Fig. <i, l>, c, Mils. Ilatilcy.)

OsTRiE.v GuiNEENsis. Onl. tculd mulci/oriid, vavie tov-
tuosd, j)leramqiie oblonyd, soltdiusculd, soixlide
alba, suhlamellosd ; inlics viridi, margine inliis
denlicuiato et indentato; impressiune musculari rcni-
formi ; cardine parvo, trigono ; apice acuminato.
The Guinea Osti!.«;a. Shell multiform, variously
tortuous, generally oblong, rather solid, dull
white, rather lamellose; green within, margin den-
ticulated and indented within, muscular impression
renilbrm ; hinge small, ti-igonal, apex acuminated.
DuNKEU. PL 43. f. 12-18.
Uab. Guinea.

This little species assumes various t'ornis, e.xhibits no
external painting, and is always tinted with green in-
side.

Species 63. (Mus. Hanley.)

OsTH.SA LUGumus. Ost. testd teiwi, oblique subtrigond,
leviter aunculatd, griseo-purpured, obscure radiatd,
siiblcevigatd, nitenti, intus albidd ; latere antico ad
marginem ventralem producto ; valvuld superiori
complanatd, suboperculari, valvuld inferiori con-
vexd obscure costellatd ; ad marginem alteram
valvam xuperantc, cardine angusto dongato acu-
minato ; impressione musculari nni/ornii nigreti-
centi.

The luguhrious Ostr.sa. Shell thin, obliquely subtri-
gonal, sliglitly auriculated, greyish purple, ob-
scurely rayed, rather smooth, .shining, whitish
within; anterior side produced at the ventral mar-
gin; upper valve flattened, subopercidar, lower
valve convex, obscurely ribbed ; at the margin ex-
panded beyond the iipper valve ; muscular im-
pression reniform, nearly black.

SoWERBY.

Uab. North America?

.Species i; I. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Ilanley.)

OsTi:/EA ciiicii.MSUTtTS. Osl. tcstd ovato-obloiigd, ple-
rumque augustd, ad rhizoporas adhceraiti, ad mar-
ginem jjlicatd, albidd vel pwpured ; intixs albd,
purpurea aut viridi tiiwtd, margijie valvules supe-
rioris omnino denticulato, valvidm inferior is inden-
tato.

The stitched Ostr.jea. Slu'll ovately oblong, generally
narrow, adhering to mangroves, plicated at the
margin, whitish or purplish ; within white tinted
with purple or green ; margin of the upper valve
denticulated in every part, and that of the lower
valve indented.

Gould. United States Expedition.

llab. Massachusetts ?

This species is named from the stitch-like appear-
ance of the denticles and corresponding indentations in
the inner margin of the valves.

Species Oo. (Mus. Hanley.)

Ostr^ea Algoensis. Ost. testd, suborbicidari, ventri-
cosd, subauriculatd ; valvuld superiori convexd,
superne nitenti, versus marginem dense squamosd,
valvuld inferiori extus subconcavd, irregulariter
tubefrculatd, albd ; valvulis intus albidis, impres-
sionibiis muscularibus maximis, reniformibus, con-
cenlrice viridi strigatis.

The AL(i0A Ostr.ea. Shell suborbicular, ventricose,
subauriculated; upper valve convex, shining above,
closely squamiferous towards the margin ; lower
valve rather concave outside, irregularly tuber-
culated, white; valves whitish within, muscular
impressions very large, kidney-sliaped, concen-
trically striiicd with green.

The spocinun is si regularly jjrodi
side.

the anterior llah. Ala

September, \>^~ \ ■

OstirraFl XXVll.

X:

11^^

Sowerby, del et. hlh

Vniceril Brook "Day <t-Son,]inp

0 S T R /E A.

Plati; XXV U.

Species 66. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Hanley.)
OsTR^A S.VNDVICHENSIS. Ost. UstA oblonyo-trigond,
divaricatim, plicald, rugosd, albd, jwstice productd,
purpurea pictd ; plicis centralibixs magnis, latera-
libxis parvis ; cardine parvo, angvMo, valvidw
in/erioris producto.
The Sandwich Islands Ostp.^a. Shell ublong-trigoual,
divergently plicated, rugose, wliite, produced pos-
teriorly, painted with purple ; central plaits large,
the lateral ones small; liinge small, narrow, that
of the lower valve produced.

SOWERBY.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

This pretty small species has entirely the external
appearance of a Plicatula, and it is only on opening
the specimen and examining the hinge, that its con-
nexion with the genus Ostraea becomes ajiparent.

Species 67. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Taylor.)
OsTR«A CRENULIFERA. Ost. tesld mulli/ormi, parvd,
subcovipressd, plerumquc oblongd, versus apicem
angustatd marginibus plicatis ; exltis albidd, intiis
subviridi, cardine parvo, trigono, valvuUe, in/erioris
plerumque acuminatim producto ; iinpr<:.'~sionibns
mMscularibus inagnis.
The CRENULIFERODS OsTRA\. Shell multiform, small,
subcompressed, generally oblong, narrow towards
the apex, with plicated margins ; whitish without,
greenish within ; hinge small, trigonal, that of

the lower valve generally acuminately [iroduced ;
muscular impressions large.

SOWEKUY.

Hab. Red Sea.

The latero-marginal plications are constant in all
the varied forms of this interesting little species, which
in other respects, particularly in the green tinted
interior, resembles Ostrcca Guineensis.

S[iecies 68. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Hanley.)

OsTRiEA PLICATA. Osl. testd compressd, solidd, ple-
rumque oblongd, purpurea slrigatd vel maculatd,
rugosd, ad marginem plicatd ; margine intiis
prope cardinem utrinque leviter crenatd ; impres-
sionibus muscularibus magnis ; cardine laio, val-
vidw in/erioris producto ; apicibus acuminatis.

TuE PLAITED OSTR.E.V. Shell compressed, solid, gene-
rally oblong, striped or spotted with purple,
rough, plaited at the margin, slightly crenated
within near the hinge on both sides; muscular
impressions large ; hinge wide, that of the lower
valve produced ; apices acuminated.

Chemnitz. Conch, f. 232.

Ostrrea plicatula, Gmelin.

Ilab. China, East Indies.

The various forms which may be referred to this

species are all plaited round the margin of both valves,

but closely so, in the manner of the smaller Ostrcea

aeni/era.

September, 1S7

()<<lmn I'i.XXVUJ.

"ml

69'^

€\

9 ^' 'K ^ '^

■?~^^'

^

f;^(

U,^ ,i.^^'</

.-v.-sib\i,rlelel lit

0 S T R .€ A.

I'lATK XXVIII.

Mus. ni-it. ; ,-, Mus. Ilanloy.)
Ost. Uvtit jKirvA, ad cuncluis

Species GO. (Fig.

)sri;.t:.\ concii.m-hi

(idhcerenli, formd varianti, depressit, albidi, piir-
pureo stngatd aut viactilvtd, ttibercu/is parvis dlver-
ffentibtis lemter armald, intus alba aut pur/nurd,
cicatrice subccei-uled, margine versus cardinem
crenulato ; cardine tenui, vahtdd iiiferiuri nun-
quam profundd.

The SiiK.LL-LoviNG OsTii^EA. Shell small, aiUnTing
to shells, various in form, depre.sseJ, whitish,
striped or spotted with puri)Ie, slightly armed
with small diverging tubercles, white or )iuri)lc
within, cicatrix ash-grey, margin erennluted
towards the hinge ; liinge thin ; lower valve
never deep.

CAUrKNTEU. Mazatlan Shells in the British Museum,
p. IGl.

llab. Mazatlan. Mexico. I'anama.

Our figure a is a magnified view of a very small

sliell found adhering to an A\

i-ery sii

iinjinem
riiinibiis

Species 70. (Mus. Ilanlcy.)
Osnt.KA INEKMIS. Od. testd irreguldri siibro'itndd,
subcompressd, ritgosd plicis 7n(igjiis, imbriaUis, di-
vergeniibus, angukitis, lumd tubercidijeris scidptd,
purpured, hitug subiridesceidi, vt
fused, cicatrice magnd, subrotundd, iivn-i
prope cardinem crenulatis ; umhonibus rcl
valvulA in/eriori tubiferd.
The UN.\rmeu Osti:.«a. Shell irregular mi
subcotnpressed, rugose, sculptured with lar
bricated, diverging, angular, not tubifV-rous
purple, subiridescent within, brown towat
margin, cicatri.x large, roundi.sh ; margin
lated near the hinge; uniboes turning Iiaek
lower valve tubiferous.

lis shell has an atHnity with O. imbricata on tlie
hand, and with 0. Chemnilzii on the other. Its
g plications, which are imbricated but without

tube-shaped tubercles, dit-tinguish

first by

aractcr,
.■lopment

and from the second by their size

Species 71. (Mus. Barclay.)
OsTH.v.A OEiiA'tA. Ost. legfd teiiHt, tiived, rvgosd, de-
presnd, obliiiigo-ovatd, (/((/■(puvalvi, margine crenu-
liilii : inli'is nived, opacd, cicatrice utrdque valvd
viviili caataiieo, cardine rectiilaculo ; valvd inf'eriori
hititudine alteram superanti, margine ventrali
foliaceo.
The wa.xed ostii.ea. Shell thin, snow-white, rough,
dejiressed, inecjuivalve, margin crenulated, snow-
white, within opaque, cicatrix in each valve
bright chestnut ; hinge rather straight, the lower
valve exceeding the other in width, ventral mar-
gin foliaceous.

SoWEHliY.

llab. Diego Garcia, Mauritius.

One of the very beautifid oysters ol>tained by Sir
David Barclay from the interesting neighbourliood of
the Mauritius.

OSTP^A

pin
fen

Species 72. (Mus. Ilanley.)
IIani.eyana. 0.-/. testd tenui, fused, pur-
> pallido subrnaciilatd, subreniforrtii, valvd in-
•i complanatd, foliaced, alteram longitudine et
ad kitera siiperanti, prope cardinem subauricu-
latd, maryiue superne crenulato ; cicatrice incon-
sjiicuo, eloiigato, cardine hrevi, valvd superiori
tiiberculis inconspicnis divariratis i-ugatd.
I Ian ley's OstI(^;a. Shell thin, brown, slightly
spotted with pale purple, nearly" reniform, lower
valve flattened, foliaceous, exceeding the other
in length and at the sides, subauriculated near
the hingr, margin crenulated at the upper
part, cicatrix inconspicuous, elongated, hinge
short ; upper valve roughened with inconspicuous
diverging tubercles.

SOWERBY.

llab. Sandwich Islands.

An interesting shell in the collection of Mr. Ilacley
which I can reti.T to no other species.

Xovember, 1871

Ostra'U P/.XKIX.

Vinccnt..B]ooks.Day& Soil bap

OST H/EA.

I'l-vii: XXIX.

The
iservt

Fig. 64, <•, Mus. Ta)-
inner denticulations of tlii?
.1, provH it to be a variety ol'

not at first

Ostrci-(.

Species 7;>. (Fig. «. i, Mus. Taylor.)

OsTU.K.l CY.MB^FOU.MIS. Ost. tCStd tCVUi, l'n/i(ir< d. <l lliii/.i.

hic-illic purpurea fiiffusd, i-alde ina-ipiil'itrni!/.
lomiituiUnuliter attemiatd; rated inferiori pmj'irn-
f/issiiiid, cijmhiformi, cardine alleiiiiato, acute vunei-
fornii, apice acumhiato ; ralvd siipeiiori di'preffid,
aiinplanatd, vel excaratd, marijine (/or.-'dli rertiuscvlo.
tipire parvo, aciito.
'Vm iVMBlFORM OstHjEA. Shell thin, foliaccou.s, whitish,
here and there suffused with purpk', very inequi-
lateral, longitudinally attenuated ; lower valve very
deep, boat-shaped, hinge attenuated, acutely cunei-
form, ape.x acuminated ; upper valve depressed
llatteiied or e.xcavated, dorsal margin rather
straidit, ape.x small, acute.

■lab. Florid

a.

The form

of this sj-ec

exture rem

urkably liglit.

Species 74. (Mns. Ilanley.)

R.T:.\ Ml-LTIST1!I.\TA. Ost. listd n„i,/,ns.-^,>, (/,'.<roid(V,
irrcyiilaritcr sxihrvtiinda ; riiira sii/iirion' fiisrd,
paulv conrexil. .v7r»> 7-a,/ia,itihiis ,1 ,/ir, r</,nti/>it.'^
densis sculptd, /irajii uiiilmni's hrit, r t'di, icululd.
margine dor.'<ali i.rjxiiii:^, r, nlnili .-idii-i I'linlnUt ;
vxnbuiiibiis (iriiiiiiniitin, pain\< , rulrd infrrinri itlbd,
complanatd.

MULTisTi;iATEr> OsTU.EA. Shell comj>ressed, dis-
coidal, irregidarly rather rounded ; upper valve
brown, a little convex. seul].tured with close
radiating and diverging stria-, slightly tubercular
near the umboes, dorsal margin expanded, ventral
.slightly crenulated ; undioos acuminated, small ;
lower valve white, flattened.

l.KY. Pro. Zool. Soc, 1M4(J.

A highly characteristic .shell, different in sculpl
)ni any other.

Species 7.-). (Mus. Barclay.)
■i;.i:a aifixis. O.v/. tc.<td Kolidd, 7-uf/oyd, purpurea,
/niiisci r.-«^ iiUi,iii/d. lid iiiartjinnit plicis mmjnis,(KUte
aihjiiliUis iniilatd ; tutus medio aureo-subfusrd.
iu<ir<jhie late purpurea, riratrice postice laterali,
luagud, cinered, cardine parvo, trigono, anfice Kub-
tenninaii : mari/ine iutenio 7itrdi/ue vaird, grami-
lato.
\: ALLIKI) OsTi;^A. Shell solid, rough, purple,
transversely oblong, undulated at tlie margin with
large acutely angular plica;; within golden
brownish, with the margin broadly purple, cicatrix
posteriorly lateral, large, ash-coloui'ed, hinge small,
trigonal, nearly terminal in front; internal mar-
gin granulated in each valve.

.■KllliV.

b. Diego (iarcia, near the Mauritiu.*.

ient by .M. Uobilliart to Sir David Bai-clay, I>art.

Species. 7C. (Mus. Taylor.)

OsTR.KA FniRlliENSls. Osl. tcstd subarcuold, lowiitudi-
natiier svbatteuuatd, xolidd, i-alde incrquilatirali.
valrdinferiari ad marginrmplinitd. purjm rco siiffusta,
pradiirld, ad r/,;:.n/,h„r<iy adia'nuli, iiitiis ad mar-

• 2"" J""

, I ulhd .

vaird

.<ujieri(iri paulo ronvcro, o/icrriili/w-iui, subiwrii/ata.
Till-: Florida Osthjea. Shell somewhat arched, longi-
tudinally rather attenuated, solid, very inequi-
lateral, lower valve plicated at the margin,
suffused with purple, produced, cicatrix chestnut
or white ; upper valve a little convex, opcrculifonii,
rather smooth.

SoWEIHiV.

Ilab. Coast of Florida.

This is one of the Mangrove oysters, who.se form >o
much depends upon the position in which they are
attached. In both our specimens the lower valve rises
considerably beyond the upper.

1871.

OKtnca n .\X\.

Mm

\^icai!. Biooks DxViSon.lrap

0 S T R /E A.

Fig. r.5. h, Mus. Taylor.

A beautiful group of young .sp(.'cimcn.s of Ostnm
Alyiinnsis, .'^owerby, growing on :i mangrove root.

Species 77. (Fig. a. h, Mus. 15an-lay.)

OsTP..E.\ Barclaya.va. Cm. Ifintd siiUxli'i. urcuald, reni-
formi, lonf/itudiitaliter prodactd, ininquilalerali,
valvA superiori palliile fnlvA, ml maryinein ven-
tralem postire aciiminatd, prop'e et ad marginem
costetlU parvis divaricallm duplicalis sndplA ;
valvd in/erioii. prope vianjinem ptirpured, ad
marginem albd, plicatd, Jenlaid, uUrd valvam
superiorem longe productd ; cicatrice utraque valvd
reniformi, caslanea : postic? mblateraU, marglne
interna valvm supcrioris dcuiiculato. inferiuris in-
dentato.

Barclay's Ostu.ea. SIigII solid, arched, reniforni,
longitudinally produced, inequilateral, U[)pcr valve
pale brownish, acuminated posteriorly at the ven-
tral margin, near to and at the margin sculptured
with little divergently duplicated riblets ; lower
valve near the margin jjurple, at the margin
white, pHcated, toothed, produced far beyond the
upper valve; cicatrix in e.-ich valve ronilbrm,

of upi>cr valve dentirulate.l, .,f the under in-
dented.

SowEltisY.

Hah. Point de Fhui, Mauritius.

iJy specimen
attached to a

eautilul
1. The

Species 78. (Fig. a. h, Mus. Ilanley.)

CsTli.EA i'KS-Tii-,ins. Ost. tr^ld ti'unj, compressd, longi-
tadlndlltrr <,/if,i,iij.l. an-iuihi, sii/i<'nir siih:ilt''iiiintd,
vershii nmnjinrm vndralrm nhli,,nr c.,-/nni.s,i. j>a/-
lidejulfd, jiiir/Jiin',i rndiKtiiib nl dwariailiiti stri-
gatd ct liii'iili'i , viilrd inforiorl divaricatini
plicald, alhi-iiia iihu/iiiliuliiie sii.pcranli, plici.<
tubercidis nigri.)-/iiir/iiirri.s uniiatis, (id h'riniiKis
marginales prodm-fis, iiiigi//,i/ls : lutlcis inlus
all/is ; cardiiie pnrro.

Thi: lAi's-Kdor (),sTi:,EA. Shi-U thin, compressed,
longitudinally oblong, arched, attenuated above,
oldiquely expanded towards the ventral margin,
jiale brown, divergently radlately striped and
lineated, lower valve divergently plicated, ex-
ceeding the other in size ; plica3 armed with
blackish jiurple tubercles which are produced and
talon-like at the ends; valves white within; hinge
snuill.

Hanlky. Proc. Zool. Soc. l.Sl.'j.

Hab. .'

wliich our tigure is taken does
slightest allinity with 0. folium
vnbed.

■;i>ecies 70. (.Mus. Hanley.)
i^A. i)st. /('sId compresxd, teniii, versus
(iriiiiiiiialii, (iijrk sub-otundd, rugatd ,
,,.;■„.,■, si,;„i, hd,if,rniis nigro-pnypurei^

oysti

sculpture consisting of divirgent riblets near the
outer margin of the ujipcr valve, which may have
been characteristic of the whole surface if it liad been
preserved, is sufficient to distinguish the species, lie-
sides its semilunar form and the beautifully fluted and
toothed raised margin. I linvc ]ileasure in dedi-
cating this species to Sir L):Lvid lianlay, Bart., to
whom I am indebted for much valuable inlbrmation,
and whose indefatigable researches in the Mauritius
and its neighbouring i-slets. have led to the accumula-
tion of a magnificent collection.

Nov

upjper valve armi'il with tube-sluqied blackish-
purple outstanding spines.
QuoY. Voy. Astrolabe, v. ;!, j.l. 7(i, f l-'l, 14.

This may possibly be a young speciiuen of Oslrwa
cucullata, or gJoinerntti : but it has none of tlie usu;il
characteristics of either of those species when tiilly
develoiied. The only indication of a connexion is
the fact that a few spines are occasionally developed on
some very young specimens of 0. cucullata. See
]ilate xxii. f .jl', h.

r. 1S71.

Ostrwrf f/.XSXl.

Vmoem.BiookDiyiSon.lmp

0 S T W /E A.

I'LATK XXXI,

(Fig. 2, c, ,1, Mus. JJ;i
Ostrcea cucullina, Deshayes. A

ay.)

this interesting little species was found on the now
island that has within the last few years appeared olF
the Mauritius, Barclay Island. .See Plate 11.,/. 2, a, b,
copied from Deshayes, lie de la Reunion.

Species 80. (Fig. </, h, r, Mus. Barclay.)
OsTi;.«A viTRKF,\CT.\. O.-it. tcstd .s'((//(/(/, siibcomprcssd,
siilireni/iiniii nl siibm-l>iriiliin ; valvA injen'on
siij)irioiriu superanii, <id lapiiks late adhceroiti ;
valrd siipciurrij'ulvd, piirpnreo strii/atd, iiitidissimd ;
mnnjiiH' intcrno valvce in/en'oris indenUi, superioris
deiiticulato, cicatrice utrdgiic ralvd snbccntrali,
mcujnd, purpurea strigatA.

'J'liK vrn:irii:i) 0.stk/E.\. Shell solid, subcomprossed,
rather roniforin, or suborbicular ; lower valve
exceeding the upper, widely adhering to stones ;
upper valve fulvous, striped with purple, very
shining, inner edge of the lower valve indented,
of the upper denticulated, cicatrix in each valve
subcentral, large, striped with purple.

SowEnBY.

Hah. Riviere de la rempart, Mauritiu.s.

The species is commonly eaten in its locality. 1 have

named it from the peculiar glassy appearance of the

upper valve. The two specimens are in Sir David

Barclay' s collection.

Nc

iber, 1871.

0 si ran Pl^^ll.

Sawerljy delellitli

Ymixiit,Bio.)ks;)iyiSoii,

0 S T \l M A.

Species 81. (Mus. Barclay.)

OsTU.EA NOBiLis. Ost. testd magttd, ponderosd, com-
pressd, discoided, subcequilaterali, suborbicutari,
siipeme expansd, prope umhones albidd, infrd ufqiic
admarginem cinereo-purpureA, plicis viagnis divari-
catis Icevigatis, snbjbi-nicatis radiatd ; valvd in-
feriori ad marginem superiorem svperanti, foliaceo
margine subccendeo, angulalimundato. Marginc
dorsali utriusqiie valvce ad latcra, prope cardinem
recti striata.

The noble Ostu^a. Shell largo, pomlerous, com-
pressed, discoidal, subequilateral, suborbicular,
expanded above, whitish near the uniboes, thence
to the margin ashy-purple, rayed with lixrge
diverging, somewhat vaulted smooth plaits ;
lower valve exceeding the upper at the margin,
foliaceous, margin bluish, angularly waved; dorsal
margin of each valve near the binge at the sides,
straightly striated.

SOWERBY.

Hah. Barclay Island, Mauritius.

Another of the rare products of the above wonderiiil
little islet

Species iS^. (Mtis. Barclay.)

OsTij.F.A iN-.wjL-iVAi.vis. OxI . ti'sld irvcijuluri, mb-
solidd, rugnsd, valilu iiurqiiihilfrnli, sublrigond,
cxtus sordide albd, iiit!'.< /Dirpurco maculato, ad
margines strigato, valnl iiij'rriori ad marginem
superiorem superanti, temdler expansd et extanti,
e.vtus subcostatd, cardine trigono, producto ;
cicatrice laterali, nigrescenti vel castaned ; ralvd
sxiperiori cmnpressd, sttbplanulatd.

The inequivalve OsTKiEA. Shell irregular, rather
solid, rough, very inequilateral, subtrigonal, out-
wardly dirty white, within spotted with purple
and striped at the margin, lower valve extending
beyond the upper, thinly expanded and standing
up, externally slightly ribbed; hinge trigonal,
produced; scar lateral, blackish or chestnut;
upper valve compressed, a little flattened.

Sowerbt.

Ifab. Madagascar. Mauritius.

The specimen with the lighter internal colour is
from Madagascar. The darker one is from the Mauri-
tius. In the two specimens the apex turns in opposite

November, lb71.

O.slraa /y.WXlfl

^ y

0 S T \l M A.

Pi.ATi; X.WllI.

Species S3. (Fig. a, i, Mu-. llanley.)
OsTit.-EA Ai:.\K.\N'KX.sis. Oi^l. ledd comjire^nd, suhtrit/oiul,
versua cardinem attcnmUA, pallide J'ulvd, ad
apicein purpiired, ad latera purpnreo strigntd,
tuherculis panis kvittr rwjald ; valvd ^Hperiorl.
ad latera versus cardinem denlicuhilA, medio alba
suhviridi-fasco circultiriter nehulato : apice sub-
spirali, retrorso.
The Ar.\kan- OstR/EA. Shell eomprfssed, sul.trig.mal,
attenuated towards tlic hinge, |)alc fulvons, pnr[)le
at the apex, stri[)e(l with purple at the sides,
slightly roughened with small tubercle.s, upper
valve denticulated at the sides towards the hinge,
middle white circularly clouded with greenish
brown ; apex subspiral, turning backwards.

SOWKKP.V.

Hab. -Vrakan.

The curious circular clouding observable in the
larger specimen of the upper valve may possibly be
the result of some peculiar condition. The apex is very
peculiar, showing externally a strong s])iral turn, and
ending within in a point at the posterior terminus of
the hinge.

Species 84. (>Ius. Ilanley.)

OsTii^EA (inKSA. Ost. testd snborbindari, crns.fd, pal-
lide fiilvd, 7iigro-purpurasceHti late hiradiald,
squamosd, subspiraliter rufjosd, arcuatd, tumidd,
margine pliealo ; inlus incequaliter subviridi, cica-
trice majusculd, subreaiformi ; cardine parvo,
margine inlus prope umbones utrinque crenu-
lato.

TuK obe.se OsTnjJA. Shell suliorbicular, thick, jiale
fulvous, widely biradiated with purplish black,
squamose, rugose, arched, tumid, plicated at the
edge ; unequally greenish within ; scar rather
large, rather reiiiform ; hinge small, margin with-
in crenulated on both side.- near the umbcies.

SowEnBV.

Hah. ?

The group in the collection of Mr. Ilanley consists

of two specimens attached to each other. The ui)[)er

is evidently the younger of th
mn to exhibit plications du the n:

Species 85. (Mus. Ilanley.)

Osxn.EA ni(m;omai:i;in'ata. O.v/. tesfd ralud suptriori
(■'//»/>;•(•,«(?, siibqiiadrald, iiiijrcsi'i'iitl, undnlo-
!<<iiiniuosd, iiilits albd, mctn/iiie lulixsiinii v/i/ro .
airdiiii' Kubobliquo ; marginihiis hitii-itlihns- iilriu-
que prope cnrdinem, dcnticulia rutuntlix siihili.'tliiiiAi-
bus parris armatis ; vnlrd infeviori igiwtd.

Tnic iu.ACK-l!ol!i>Ki:t:i) OsTli.'EA. Shell with upper valve
compres.sed, sulxpiadrate, blackish, undato-squa-
mose, white within, with a very wide black mar-
gin ; hinge rather oblique, lateral margins armeil
on each side near the hinge with rounded, rather
distant, small teeth ; lower valve unknown.

SoWEUHY.

Uab. Arakan.

The large single valve figured is the only specimen
known, and as it e.xhibits none of the peculiarities of
the species which I have named Ost. Arakanensis, with
which it is locally associated, it appears worth a
provisional designation.

Species 8G. (Mus. Taylor.)
OsTRiEA DUBIA. Ost. tcstd suborbicuhiri, tenvi, sub-
compressd, fuitco-purpurascenti, vel castaned, liiieis
niijresceiitihus irregulariius sparsim radiatd, verms
umhune.-i temiiter tiiberculatd, verms margines
undalo-pUcdtd, cardine parvo, valvd iriferiori lobis
tesiaceis armatis.
The dubious OsTUJiA. Shell suborbicular, tliin,
slightly compressed, purplish or chestnut-brown,
sparsely rayed with irregular blackish lines; hinge
small, lower valve armed with testaceous lobes.

SOWERBV.

Ihib. Island of Formosa?

The orbicular form, the tuberculated surface near
the umbocs, and the dark linear rays distinguish this
species from Ostrcea folium, which it otherwise nearly
resembles.

November, 1871.

OSTR/EA.— Platk XXXIII.

Species 87. (Mus. Trevost.)
O.STRJEA Peevostii. Ost. tcstd soliild, Tugosd, tmnsrerse
oblorujd, arcuatd, subcompre.^sd, intiis versus mar-
ginem viridi ; valvd superiori versus marginem
viridi, purpurea str-igatd, margine ventrali convexn,
plicis majusculis angulatis, imbricatis, ad termi-
num viaximis undato, margine dorsali concavo,
crenatu ; valvd inferiori albidd, medw-angulatim
tumido, plids utrinque dioaricatis acute angulatis.
Pi'.i:vost's Ostr^a. Shell solid, rough, transversely
oblong, arched, slightly compressed, greenish
within towards the margin ; upper valve green

towards the margin striped with purple, ventral
margin convex, undulated with rather large
angular, imbricated plaits, very large at the end ;
lower valve whitish, angularly tumid in the
middle, with divergent, acutely angular plaits on
eacli side.

SOWEIIBY.

Uab. .'

Interesting as a second example
represented by Oslrtra wcgoddv,
known only as a fossil. The specii
tion of Dr. Prevost.

he peculiar form
form otherwise
is in the collec-

OSTR.^, A.

cp.quatoriali.% D'Orh XVIII.

affinis, Sowerhi/ XXIX.

Algoensis, Sowerhy X X A' I .

Angasii, Sowerhi/ XIII.

angulata, Lamarck \'l\\.

Arakanensis, Soioerbi/ X X X 1 1 1 .

ariorsa, Chein. (parasitica) II.

attennata,, Soicerbi/ XXI.

auriculata, Sowerby XXV.

Australis, Lamarck XII.

Barclayana, Sowerhy XXX.

Belcheri, /Sojcerfty VII.

bicolor, //rtji/e?/ XXIII.

Boreali.% GoiM \"I.

callochroa, lianlcy IV.

Canadensis, Lamarck \'l.

cerata, Sowerhy XXVIII.

circumsHta, Gou/rf XX.

Chemnitzii, Hanky XX.

Chiloensis, Ms. B. M XV.

cochlear, Poll XX.

Columbiensis, Hanley \'II.

conchapliila, Carpenter XXVIII.

coi-nucopia, Chenin XVI.

crenulifora, Sowerhy XXVI I.

cra«su, Cliem. (rostralis) X.

cristii-galli, Z/«H(PHS XI.

cucwWmn, Deshayes II., XXXI.

cuculluta, .fforra XVI.

cymhxioTmis, Sowerhy XXIX.

Cyrnusii, Payradan XVII.

denticulata, Bo7-n IX.

depressa, Philippi XXI 1 1.

discoidea, Gould XIII.

c?onV/c/i'a, Lamarck (frons) XIX.

dubia, Sowerhy XXXIII.

eduli.s, ZtnMccifS V.

erucella, Lamk. (frons) XIX.

exalhida, Gmel. edulis, Yoiunj ■'.. V.

Floridensis, Soii'c;% XXIX.

folium, Gviel XVII I.

Forskali, Chem X \' I.

frons, Zinnreus XIX.

/itsca, Lamk. (sinensis) III.

gallMia, Lamk. (Rhizophora) ... IX.

jr(iZ^«.«, Valenciennes XII.

glomerata, Gould XXII.

Guiueensis, i)««for XXVI.

/"'/'/'"/""■'t Lamarck V.

hyotis, Linnaeus IV.

imbricata, Liinik XVII.

inajqiiivalvis, .S'(((c,'r/»/ X.XXII.

iuermis, Sowerhy XXVIII.

iridescens, CxTa.y |.

//«//crt, Desli. (coclih-ar) XX.

lahrella, Lamk XVIII.

! lacorans, //<;«/,y/ XXII.

lactca, Sowerhy XXI.

I lamellosa, /M../,/ XXIII.

I lentiginosa, Sowtrhy XX I \'.

lima, Sowerhy XX.

/iVrtafc/Za, Lamk. ( frons) XIX.

lugubris, Sowerhy XX\'I.

lurida. Carpenter IX.

megodon, llunhy XII.

Mexicana, Sowerhy .X\'I.

morda.x, (7oi/W X\'.

multico.stata, Sowerhy

multiradiata, Soinrhy

mullistriata

mytiloides, iMinarck

nigromarginata, Sowerhy ..
nobilis, Sowerhy

obc

rrh>,

palmipes, ,Vr<iCi7/i//

parasitira, Tiirlon

parasitica, Gmel in

j pes-tigris, Ifaiiliy

, perraolli.s, .V()/r(//y//

plioata. Ch,w„itc'.

plicatula, Giiielin

pra;adaiiiitica, Iii>lton

Prevostii, Sowerhy

prismatica, Gray

piulrhana, D'Orb

jiy.xidata .4(/ams IX.

qnt'Tcma., Sowerhy XIX.

radi.vc, Sorrerhy XV.

reuiibrmis, Sowerhy XXIV

retusa, Pta^e XIX.

Thv/.oii\\ovx, Giiildiriy IX.

I rosacea, Chini XX.

j rostralis, Za)//«rc/.- X.

j rostrata, Clmiinit: VI.

; ruia, Lamarel: XII.

XXV.
XXV.
XXIX.

II.

XXXIII

XXXII.

XXXIIl,

X.

XXIV.

V.

II.. XIII

XXX.

X.

XXVIl.

XXVII.

ill.

XXXIIL

I.

II.. XIII.

OSTRiEA— INDEX.

r!;S('Wa, Lam. (frons) XIX.

Sandvichensis, tSfAMi-liy XXVII.

lianleyana, Sotverbi/ XXVIII.

Sinensis., Gmelin III.

^\i6.a,, Sowerhij XIV.

spathulata, Lmnavck VIII.

spinosa, Qmo^ XXX.

spreta, Z»"0r6 XV.

subtrigona, Sowerlnj XVIII.

Talienwahensis, Crat'se X.

41

GG

tenuiplicata, iSoifCrij/ XX\1II. 71

twhercxAaxis, Lamarck XXI. 50

tuberctilata, Lamarck XIL 25

tulipa, J^amarc/j XVIIL 39

turbinata, i/umarc^ XIV. 29

Yirescens, Angas XL 23

Virginica, Lamarck VI. 0

Virginiana, GmeWn VI. 9

vitrefacta, ,S'o!('<'% XXXI. 80

Species not identified.
Adriatica, lingua, Ru.scuriana, excavata, sinuata, trapezina, gibbosa, niargaritaeea, elliptica, radiata,
Braziliana, Australis, fucorum, haliotoidea, numisma, rufa, scabra, glaucina, Lamarck. — stellata,
Senegalensis, Gmelin. — taurica, Kryn. — cristata, Born. — crocea, dentifera, Diifo. — uncinata, raricosta,
Deshayes. — Webii, Bechis. — cognata, orientalis, Chemnitz. — laticordia, Nuttall. — semicylindrica, Say. —
stentina, Paijruvdeau.

E R R A T U M.

Oitrcen liictca is not in tlie collection of Mr. Taylor, but of Mr. Harford.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

L I N T E R I A.

' 0 all ye works of the Lord bless ye the Lord ; praise Him and magnify Him for ever."

Song of the Three Children

LinUria PI. J.

I

§

Sowerby del el lith

Viricfjil Brookb Day A Sou. hup

L I N T E lU A.

Genus LINTERIA, Ad,v»s.

7'esla oruta, dejiimsa, laxe conroliitd ; a/hiiiird /tili^viiml,
antice mbcanaliadatd, iiuiiyiiic labii intivni apjicii-
diculo calyci/ormi, inttls i</i>rali.

Shell ovate, depressed, loosely convolute; aperture
very wide, partly canalicuhited in front, margin
of the inner lip with a culyciform, inly spiral ap-
pendage.

The most remarkable of all the generic forms of the
family of Bullidas, Linteria is distinguished by the
curious projecting cup conspicuous on the inner edge
of the body whorl. Of the six species enumerated the
localities are wide apart, althougli chiefly southern ;
New Ireland, the Philippines, the Sandwich Islands,
Algiers, and Japan contributing.

Species 1. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

LlNTEKl.\ MINOR. Lin. testd pamild, Intea, pcUuriild,

tenui,oMique ovatd, lo7i(jitudinulilcr tcnuissinic slriald,

appendicu lo u nguicu lato.
The S.M.4LLER Linteria. Shell small, yellow, pellucid,

thin, obliquely ovate, longitudinally very linely

striated, appendage unguiculate.
A. Adams. In Sowerby's Thesaiu'us Conchyliorum,

Bulla, No. 127.
Hab. Island of Zebu,— H. Cuming.

This small transparent shell is more oblicjue in form
than the other species.

Mus. Cum.

kit.)

Species 2. (Fig. a,

Linteria acuminata. Lin. testd ovatd, poslice contrarto,
exttts viridi, inths subfiiscd, labia ccttrno supra
spinam elevato, rotundatim amiuinata, dtim/i' run-
tracto, antice oblique expanso ; anj'rai-lu ulti/iiu sub-
trigono ; appendicido subexpanso.

The acuminated Linteria. Shell ovate, posteriorly
contracted, green without, brownish within, outer
lip elevated above the spire, roundly acuminated,
thence contracted, anteriorly obliquely expanded ;
last wliorl subtrigonal ; appendage somewhat ex-
panded.

October, 1870.

Sowerrt.

//-(//. Guadaloui

San.

Islands.

The specimens from whieh I name this species are
one from Guadakmpe and llie oIIkt from the Sandwich
Islands. They differ from Lintiria riridis in the outer
lip being acuminated, raised above the spire, and con-
fluent with the reflected inner lip on the body whorl.

Species 3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

Linteria viridis. Lin. tistd x)ib(cijiialit<r ovald, salidd,
veniricosd, late ajur/d, amn ntrici spiraliter trnu-
issime striatd, viridi, bdnti c.rtcnio postice subtrun-
cato, medio semicin-nlari, cn/iii/icl/d valde araiatd,
anfractu ultimo ani/iisti.^siinn. appendirulo alba,
magno, declivi.

The green Linteria. Shell rather equally ovate,
solid, ventricosc, widely open, concentrically
spirally very thiidy sti-iated, green, outer lip pos-
teriorly subtruncated, semicircular in the middle ;
columella much arched, last whorl very narrow,
appendage white, large, slopral.

Rang. Quoy and Gaimard,Voy. de I'Astrolabe, pi. xxvi.
f. 13-lG.

llab. Bourbon, Guam, Japan, Pitcairn's Lsland. Taken
on exposed rocks at half tide.
The cup-like appendage of the columella in this

species is larger than in any other, and the form is

more regularly oval.

Species 4. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cv

Brit.)

an/ht'iii ultimo angustifsimo,
apprndii-ido clongato, acttmi-

Linteria glauca. fJii. testa ovato-subquadratd, oblmgd,
sulijiclliiridd, f//aiicd„ com/iressd, concenirice striatd ;
api rUird !rrtiii.<rii/d. aiitirij fidilriiiicatd, postice mar-
gineclevatud iiill.'x,..
coliimclld n (iia:<ridd
nato.

The glaucous Linteria. Shell ovately-subquadrate,
subpellucid, glaucous, compressed, concentrically
striated ; aperture rather straight, anteriorly sub-
truncated, posteriorly with the margin elevated
and bent inwards ; last whorl very narrow, eolu-

mella rather straight ; appendage elongated, acu-
minated.

QuoT. Voy. de 1' Astrolabe, pi. xsi. f. 10-12.

Hab. New Ireland.

This species is more oblong-ovate and compressed

than Linteria viridis.

Species 5. (Fig- a, b, Mus. Brit.)

LiNTERi.A. FASCiATA. Lin. tcstd oUougd, subovatd, com-
pressd, semipelhicidd, fusco-aured, spiraliter trifas-
ciatd, supra medium subconfractd ; apertvrd mnjnd,
labia extemo elevato, cuneato ; anfractu ultimo an-
gustissimo ; appendiculo elangato, acuminato.

The banded Linteria. Shell oblong, subovate, com-
pressed, semipellucid, golden brown, spirally
three-banded, slightly contracted above the centre ;
aperture large, outer lip elevated, cuneate; last
whorl very narrow ; appendage long, acuminated.

SOWERBT.

Hab. ?

The locality of the specimen in the British Museum
is not indicated.

Species 6. (Mus. Ilanley.)

Linteria Algir^. Lin. tcstd siibtrigmd, albd, tcniii,
concentrice leviter undatd ; aperturd maximd, trigond,
labio extemo supra spinam elevato, angulato, acumi-
nato, medio contracto, antice prodiicto ; colwnelld
valde arcuatd, anfractu ultimo parro, trigimo ; ap-
pendiculo jiarvo, acuminato.

The Algerian Linteria. Shell subtrigonal, white,
thin, concentrically lightly undulated ; aperture
very large, trigonal, outer lip elevated above the
spine, angulated, acuminated, contracted in the
middle, anteriorly produced ; columella much
arched, last whorl small, trigonal ; appendage
small, acuminated.

Hanley. Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Bulla
No. 128.

Hab. Algiers. Dredged by R. MacAndrew, Esq.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

SCAPHANDER.

" All things that are forked, and horned, and soft.
Would lean out from the hollow sphere of the »e!i."-—Temiyson.

ScapJuitifU'r PI. J.

•

Sowei'bv. del et- lith

Vmcent Brooks, Day r.ionjrap

SCAPHANDER.

Gemis SCAPHANDER, Montfurt.

Testa spiraliter convoluta, ovato-siihtriijona ; fjn'ra ovata,
sub-occulta ; apertura ampla, anfractu penulttmo
longior, antice valdh ex}Kmsa, postice coarctata ;
labium externum aciitum ; niargo columcUaris reflexa,
antice valde arcuata.

Shell spirally convolute, ovately subtrigonal ; spine
partly hidden ; aperture wide, longer than the
penultimate whorl, anteriorly much expanded, pos-
teriorly narrowed ; outer lip sharp ; columellar
margin reflected, strongly arched anteriorly.

The well known Scaphander lignarius is the type of
this genus, which differs from other genera of BuUidce
not so much in the form of the shell, although that is
pecuhar, as in the character of the animal, which is
very distinct. Of the eight species here enumerated,
two are American, one Mediterranean, and five British
and Scandinavian.

Species 1. (Mus. Jeffreys.)

Scaphander zonatus. Sea. testa solidd, ^mllide stra-
mined, ovato-mbpyrifonni, spiraliler lineis distantibus
excavatia punctatis scidptd ; spird obtusd umbili-
caid.

The banded Scaphander. Shell solid, pale straw-
coloured, ovate, subpyriform, spirally sculptured
with distant excavated pimctured lines ; sjiire
obtuse, umbilicated.

TuRTON (Bulla). British shells.

Eab. Zetland.

Shorter and more ovate than Scap/iander Jignarius,

not so much so as Sea. Uhrarius. Sculptured with

punctured hnes and umbilicated at the ape.x.

The puncto-striated Scapii.\nder. Shell white, solid,
ovate, spirally puncto-striated ; spire concealed,
aperture large, narrowed posteriorly, elevated
above the spire, columellar margin a little
arched.

MlOHyELS. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol, v.
p. 43, pi. f. 10.

Ilab. Casco Bay, Massachusetts.

Species 3. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)
Scaphander lixeolatus. Sea. testd pared, ariiin^td,
fa-iligincd, .</i//nlil'-r miiliit^- il o/dii/u,''- .^triahi ; sjiird

oh/

I : ,,p.

•pnf:so

angustd, inj'/a .</)iraia di
lari vix arcuato.

The fine-lined Scaphander. Shell small, narrow,
ferruginous, spirally minutely and obliquely
striated ; spire rather prominent, narrow, obtuse ;
aperture large, posteriorly narrow, dejiressed be-
low the spire ; columellar margin very slightly
arched.

CouTHor. Boston Journal of Natiu-al History, vol. ii.
p. 179.

Hab. Massachusetts Bay.

Species 2. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)
Scaphander puncto-striatus. Sea. testd albd, solidd,
ovatd, spiraliter piincto-striatd ; spird ccelatd ;
apei-turd magnd, pnstice angvstatd, supra spiram
clevata, margine culmnellari subarcuato. \

October

Species 4. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)

Scaphander lignarius. Sea. testd solidd, pyrifm-mi,
versus spiram attenuata, spiraliter striatd, extusfer-
rvginen fasciatd ; spird depressd siib-umbilicatd ;
aperturd magnd, postice supra spiram elevatd
oblique subquadratd ; margine columellarid valde
aroiatd.

The wood Scaphander. Shell solid, pyriform, atte-
nuated towards the spire, sjjirally striated, ferru-
ginous, banded outside ; spire depressed, subura-
bilicated, aperture large, posteriorly elevated above
the spire, obliquely quadrate ; columellar margin
much arched.

LiNN.EUS. Systema Naturte.

Hah. British Coasts. Mediterranean. Scandinavia.

1870.

SCAPHANDER.

Species 5. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Jeffreys.)

Sc.\PH.\NDER LiBR.\Rins. Sca. tcstd solidd, ovatd, ven-
tricosd, fen-ugined, striatd ; ajierturd subovatd ;
labia externa suhinci-assaio, suprd, spirain acuniimx-
tiin elevata ; margine columellari suhina-assato,
7-eJlexa, antiee arcuato ; spird umbilicatd.

The scale Scaphander. Shell solid, ovate, ventricose,
ferruginous, striated ; aperture subovate ; outer
lip somewhat thickened, acuminately elevated
above the spire ; columeUar margin rather
thickened, reflected, anteriorly arched ; spire
unibilicated.

LOVEN. ?

Hah. North Britain and Norway.

ISpeci

(M

us. oum.

5rit.)

Sc.u?ffAXDER SCABRA. Sca. testd ohUmgd suhpyriformi,
postice attmuatd, albd, lineis spiraUbus catenifor-
mihus scu/ptd ; aperturd postice coarctatd, aniice
dilatatd ; labia extei-no antiee pectirmta.

The scabrous Scaphander. Shell oblong, subpyriform,
posteriorly attenuated, white, sculptured with
spiral chain-like lines ; aperture posteriorly con-
tracted, anteriorly dilated ; outer lip anteriorly
pectinated.

MuLLER. Zoologica Danica, vol. ii. p. -11.

Huh. Britain. Denmark.

Species 7. (Copied.)
Scaphander vestita. Sca. testd angustd, oblangd, pos-
tice attenuatd, fused ; striis spiraUbus nullis, reti-
culo albo obtectd ; spina angustd, c(elatd, umbilicatd.

The invested Scaphander. Shell narrow, oblong, pos-
teriorly attenuated, brown ; without spiral stride,
covered with a white reticulation ; spire narrow,
concealed, unibilicated.

Philippi. Enumeratio Molluscorum SiciliiB.

Hah. Sicily.

The white network with which this shell is described
as being covered is ]>robably an extraneous growth,
but the form is peculiar, and there are not the usual
spiral strife.

Species 8. (ilus. Jeffreys.)

Scaphander gibbus. Sca. testd ovatd-ohlongd, ven-
tricosd, utrinque acuminatd, nitidissiina,hyalina, suprd,
et infrd, spiraliter sulcatd; apice truncato, wnbili-
cato ; margine incrassata ; aperturd medio angustis-
simd, postici patuld, angnlatd, antiee subcaniculatd ;
colunielld arcuatd, uniplicatd.

The gibbous Scaphander. Shell ovate-oblong ven-
tricose, acuminated at each end, very smooth,
hyaline, spirally sulcated above and below ; apes
truncated, unibilicated ; margin thickened ; aper-
ture very narrow in the middle, patulate, angular
behind, subcanaliculated in front; columella
arched, uniplicate.

Jeffreys. IMarine Testacea of Piedmontese Coast. An.
and Mag. Nat. Hist. 185G, p. Ia8.

Hob. Bay of Spezia.

I am not fully acquainted with the grounds upon
which it is judged right to pilace this species in the
present genus, but I am assured that tlie animal is
a true Scaphander.

MONOGKAIMI

oi' THE GENrS

P H 0 L A S,

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P H 0 L A S.

Genus PUOLA.s. UH,Heus.
Testd mollusci acephali terehranlis hivalvis, liimusctilosd,
plenivique suhcylindraced, postiri atteiiualA, valvis
wntice hiantibiis, vel integumenti clausis, margine
(loisali laminis testaceis acceMoribits und vel 2)biri-
mis tectis ; intks infra umbones utrdque valod
jrrocessu arcuato siib wnbonc ajjixf).
yhell of an acephalous boring mollusc bivalve, binius-
cular, generally subcylindrical, attenuated poste-
riorly : valves gaping in front or closed with an
integument; dorsal margin covered by one or
more accessory shelly plates; an arched process
fixed to each valve within under the umboes.
The Fholadce have been usually divided accord-
ing to the number of accessory plates, or the shape and
disposition of the terminal integuments. Whatever may
be the merits of such division, in this monograph the
various forms will be united under one generic term.
It is curious, however, to observe how the species pass
from the simplest form as represented by such species
as Pholas parva, in which the hiatus in the valves is left
open with a single dorsal plate, tlirough those which have
a complicated arrangement of plates, to those which,
like Pholas calva, are closed at one end by a shelly
covering over the whole anterior, and at the other end
by marginal integuments. Then come those which,
like Pholadidea papyracea, have a cup or pair of flaps
at the end of these integuments, followed by those
which, likePAo/rts tubifera and triden!t, have a shelly tube
at the end of the cup. The prevailing opinion respect-
ing the manner of boring among the Fho/ada:, is that
the sucker foot holding to the stone, wood, or wax to
be bored, and forming a pivot on which the shells
rotate, the STibstance is bored by the rasping power of
the sharp points or prickles of the shell. I should ascribe
only a part of the work to this process, as assisting other
agencies. Other bivalve mollusca bore which have no

such rasping prickles on their shells. The Pholadu:
are found in most parts of the world, and the species
are very widely spread, especially those which, like
Pholas striata, bore in wood, and being transported by
ships and other floating timber become cosmopolitan.

.Species 1. (Mus. Jeffreys, &c. )
I'uoi.As c.\Nr>iD.\. Pko. testd subventricosd, ienui, (ui-
lice rutundatd, medio ventricosd, costis acute imbii-
catis radiatd, postice attenuatd, acuminatd, lavi-
gatd ; lamind dorsali uiid, aiiyustd, siinjilici.
Tin: vvjiiTK Piiouvs. Shell subventricose, thin, rounded
in front, ventricose in the middle, rayed with
sharply imbricated ribs, posteriorly attenuated
acuminated, narrow, simple.
LlNNjEUs. Systema Natura;.
Ilab. Great Brit^-jin. Burrowing in chalk.

Differing from P/colas parva and others of the single-
plated group in the roundness of the anterior termi-
nation of the valves.

Species ■>. (Mus. Brit.)
PliOLAS COSTATA. Plio. (csld mayii(},iii/,,,iii.<l<inyatd,
ventricosd : costis i-alidis suhrotiiiiilniis imhricatis
ovtnino radiatd; laiiiind dursnli tnijiuj^dari,

The ribbed Piiulas. Shell largi , open, elongated,
ventricose, rayed with strong, rather rounded
imbricated ribs ; dorsal lamina triangular, horny.
LiNN^us. Systema iS'aturffi.
Hah. Mexico and United States.

This very handsome species has no shelly dorsal
plate, but a thin horny triangular integument spread
on a platform, formed by the reflected margins of the
valves.

Angus

PIIOLAS.— Plate I.

Species 3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Jeffreys, &c.)

Pholas pahva. Phu. testa breviiisculd, suhcun'.atd,
antice laid, aeuminatd, late hianti, costis numerosis
crebernme imbricatis radiatd ; medio depresnd,
postice suhattenuatd, Imviiisculd, lamind dorsali
unicd, angustd, nucleo postice terminali.

The small Pholas. Shell rather short, rather wedge-
shaped, anteriorly wide, acuminated, widely i

rayed with numerous closely imbricated ribs, de-
pressed in the middle, posteriorly subattenuated,
rather smooth, dorsal plate single, narrow, nucleus
posteriorly terminal.

Pennant. British Zoology.

Hah. Great Britain.

Pound i
papyracea.

the

iiy with Pholas

PlirlasPin.

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P H 0 L A S.

Species 4. (Fig. a. b, Mus. Jeffreys.)

Pholas dacttlus. Plio. testd antice aperld, rostratd,
elongcUd, posiice subattenuatd ; costis angulatis,
acutisdme spinis imbricatis, medio et versils exti-e-
mitatem posticuvi evanidis ; margine dorsali antice
reflexo, fulcro concamerato duplicatv ; valvulis
dorsalibus anlicis duabus, nucleis postico-latera-
libiis; und posticd elomjald angustd.

The date Pholas. Shell anteriorly open, rostrated,
elongated, posteriorly subattenuated ; ribs angular,
very acutely imbricated with spines, disappearing
towards the middle and posterior extremity ;
dorsal margin reflected in front, doubled by a
chambered fulcrum ; dorsal valves two anterior,
with postero-lateral nuclei ; one posterior, elon-
gated, narrow.

LiNN^Ds. Systema Natura?.

Hab. Various parts of Great Britain, in sandstone.

Species 5. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
Pholas orientalis. Pho, testa antice apertd, rotundd,
costis subrotundis, imbricatis, crebris dimidiatiin
armatd, postice Imvigatd attenuatd, acuminatd;
valvulis dorsalibus und untied, laid, nucleo sub-
antice, und posticd elongatd angustissimd.
The oriental Pholas. Shell anteriorly open, rounded,
armed halfway with rather rounded, imbricated,
numerous ribs, posteriorly smooth, attenuated.

acuminated ; dorsal valves one anterior, broad,
with subanterior nucleus, one posterior elongated,
very narrow.
Gmehn. No. ;321G.

Species C. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Pholas Chiloensis. Pho. testd svbcylindricd, elongatd,
antice apertd, rotundaid ; omnino costis rotundis
siibdistantibus, obtuse intncatis, postice subobsoleiis,
radiatd ; valvidis dorsalibus duabus anticis, latis,
nucleis antccentralibus approximatis ; und posticd
parvd transversd; alterd posticd elongatd an-
gustd.

Thb CniLOEAN Pholas. Shell subcylindrical, elon-
gated, anteriorly open, rounded ; rayed all over
with rounded, rather distant, obtusely imbricated,
posteriorly subobsolete ribs; dorsal valves two
anterior, wide, with ante-central approximated
nuclei; one posterior, small, transverse; anotlier
posterior elongated, narrow.

King. Zoological Journal, vol. v. p. 334.

Hab. Chiloe. H. Cuming.

Pholas Campecliensis. Gmaliu.

The two accessory valves covering the umboes liave
their nuclei elevated and close to each other, while in
those of Pholas dactylus they are depressed, posterior,
and on the outer edges.

March, 1872.

Phriii.s PI m.

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"Wncenl Brooks.Day h. Son, Imp

P H 0 L A S.

Ill,

Species 7. (Fig. a, h, Mas. Cum. in Brit.)

Pholas constricta. P/to. testd breviusculd, arUice
rostratd, ulrinque late apertd ; in medio post
sulcum foveolatum oblique divisd et constricld ;
antice ventricosd, radiatim scabrosd, j)Ostice an-
gusld, ininule conceiitrice siriatd ; marline domali
super umhones rejlexo.

The constricted Pholas. Shell rather short, ante-
riorly rostrated on both sides, widely o)ieu in the
middle, behind a pitted groove obliquely divided
and constricted; ventricose in front, i-adiately
scabrous, narrow behind, minutely concentrically
striated ; dorsal margin reflected over the umbocs.

SowERBr. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1849.

Hah. Straits of Sunda.

Like Pliolas parra in form, bnt more strongly
tightened in the middle and destitute of a dorsal plate.

Species 8. (Fig. a, b, Mas. Cum. in liHt.)

Pholas fkagilis. Pho. testd elongatd, nmjustd, antice
apertd, acute rostratd, costellis acute imhricatis an-
tice posticeqne radiatd ; hand medio C07istnctd,
margine dorsali rejlexo, valvuld dorsali unicd super
umbones locatd.

The fragile Pholas. Shell elongated, narrow, open
in front, acutely beaked, rayed witli acutely im-
bricated little ribs ; not constricted in the middle ;
dorsal margin reflexed, a single dorsal valve
placed upon the iimboes.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool. See, 1848, p. 10.

Hab. Bassy, Island of Samar, Philippines, in soft stone
at low water. H. Cuming.
Very narrow and fragile, and not, like Pholas parva,

narrow in the middle. The beaked part in front of

the umboes is much smaller.

Species 0. (Mus. Brit.)

PhOL.VS CRISPATA. Pho. test') lnli). lurilio /irr .^iilcum

foveolatum divisd, antler hilr (ij„:ri,i. ro.-.lnilii. tri-
gond costis acutissime iinhrii-itlis railin/i'i. miinjiup
dorsali T'flixo, I'entrali acute laqwato ; /lostice
Iwvigato, brevi, subrotundato ; valvuld dorsali
nulla.

The crisp Pholas. Shell wide, separated in the
middle by a pitted groove, anteriorly widely open,
beaked, trigonal, rayed with very acutely imbri-
cated ribs ; posteriorly smooth, short, rather
rounded ; no dorsal valve.

LiNN^us. Systema Natura".

Hab. Groat Britain.

In this broad and short well-known species, the tubes

of the mollusc are protected by an external epider-

midous case.

10. (Mus. Brit.)

Pholas simii.ks. Pho. te.itd latiusculd, fragili, ventri-
cosd, antice latissime apertd, acutissime rostratd,
costis acutissime imbricatis subdistantibus radiatd,
'inar'/iiir liimiti spini/ero ; medio et postice concen-
tri,r nnj.ii.i. fix radiatd; valvuld dorsali unicd,
super Kiiilioiir.^ locatd nucleo postice terminah.

The similar Pholas. Shell rather broad, fragile,
anteriorly widely open, very sharply beaked,
rayed with very sharply imbricated rather distant
ribs, gaping margin spiniferous ; in the middle
and posteriorly concentrically ridged, scarcely
rayed ; dorsal valve single, placed upon the
umboes with terminal nucleus.

Gray. MS.

Hab. New Zealand. Earle.

Jlore ventricose than Pholas parra, and narrowed

in the middle.

March, 1872.

PHOLAS.— Plate III.

Species 11. (Mus. Brit.)

Phola.s Austhalasi.e. Pho. testd elonffatd, suhcylin-
drtcd, antice brew, rotundO'Subactiminaid, apertd,
acute costatd, postice producUt, medio posticeque
coslelUs vix elevatis imbrkatis radiatd ; margine
dorsali reflexo ; valvuHs dorsalibus iynolis.

The Australian Piiolas. Shell elongated, subcylin-
drical, anteriorly short, roundly-subaciiminated,
open, acutely ribbed, posteriorly produced in the

middle, and posteriorly rayed -with scarcely raised
imbricated ribs; dorsal margin reflected; dorsal
valves unk)iown.

Gkav. MS.

Hab. Aiistralia.

In the monograph by Sowerby in " Tliesaurus C'on-

chylium " the comparison k la&Ae -with Pholas Candida.

I now think it should have been with Pholas Chilo-

ensis, birt I have not seen the dorsal valves.

ruoiasPiJi:

/.3 a

Sowerby,del.eLlilh

'I'mcent, Brooks I)ay& Son, Imp.

P H 0 L A S.

Species 12. (Mus. ?)

Pholas Darwinil Pho. testd parvd, fused, hrevi,
antice latissiine apertd, radiatim scabrd, in medio
per sidcum foveolatum divisd, post sidcum concen-
trice nigatd, margine late recurvo ; valvuld dorscdi
nulld.

Darwin's Pholas. Shell small, brown, short, an-
teriorly very widely gajiiug, radiately scabrous,
divided in the centre by a pitted sulcus ; behind
the sulcus concentrically ridged, with the margin
widely recurved ; no dorsal valve.

SowERBT. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1849.

Hah. Chiloe. Ch. Darwin.

A curious little species, which might be likened to

the young of Pholas papyracca, with the margins

broadly reflected and recurved.

those of Pholas Chilomsis, but the form of the shell re-
sembles more nearly that of Pholas Candida.

Species 13. (Fig. a, b. Mus. Brit.)

Pholas laqiteata. Pho. testd tenui, sub/usiformi, antice
apertd, angustd, acuminata, spiniferd, medio ven-
iricosd, medio posticeque costellis vix elevatis et
rugis concentricis laqueatis decussatd ; postice sub-
attenuatd, acuminatd ; valvulis dorsalibus duabus,
super umbones locatis, nucleis anticis sub-approxi-
matis.

The fluted Pholas. Shell thin, rather fusiform, an-
teriorly open, narrow, acuminated, spinous, cen-
trally ventricose, centrally and posteriorly decus-
sated with scarcely elevated ribs and concentric
ridges; posteriorly rather attenuated, acuminated;
dorsal valves two, placed upon the umboes, with
anterior, nearly approximate nuclei.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18-49.

Hab. Isle of Plata. H. Cuming.

The pair of plates covering the umboes resemble

Species 14. (Mus. Brit.)

Pholas truncata. Pho. testd latd, brevi, antice acu-
minatd, subrostratd, late apertd, radiatim acuti
costatd, margine dorsali refiexo, postice oblongd,
quadratd, truncatd, concentrice liratd; valvuld
dorsali unicd, nucleo postice fere terminali.

The truncated Pholas. Shell wide, short, anteriorly
acuminated, subrostrated, widely open, radiately
acutely ribbed, dorsal margin reflected ; pos-
teriorly oblong, square, truncated, concentrically
ridged, dorsal valve single, with the nucleus
nearly terminal posteriorly.

.Say. American Journ. of Sci., vol. ii. p. 321.

Ilab. North America.

Species 15. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Cum. in Brit.)
Pholas crucifera. Pho. testd subcylindraced, antice
obtusd, hand late apertd ; omnino costis a'ebernmis
imbricatis radiatd ; margine dorsali in forma
crucis reflexo, lamind corned tecto.
The cross-bearing Pholas. Shell subcylindrical, an-
teriorly obtuse, not widely open ; everywhere
rayed with very close imbricated ribs ; dorsal
margin reflected in the form of a cross, covered
by a horny plate.
SowERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1834.

Hab. Island of Puma in the Gulf of Guayaquil; found
in soft sandstone at half-tide. Also in the Bay
of Carraccas, West Columbia, in soft stone at low
water, and in hard clay, 13 fathoms deep, in the Gulf
of Nocoyo, Central America.

A most remarkable species on account of the cruci-
form reflexion of its dorsal margin.

March, 1872.

PhrhisPIX

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Sower'bv, de'i et, Li'.h

Vmcent Erooks.Day & S on

P H 0 L A S.

Species 10. (Fig. a, Ik Mus. Brit.)

Phol.vs cuuta. Pho. teMd pared, fusco-viru/escenti,
pyriformi, clausd, tetmi, canali angusto medio coii-
strictd, antice tenuiler slriatd, vix echinatd, margine
ventrali globoso, valvuld dorsali oblongo-kexugond ;
antice Icevigatd, acuniinatd.

The short Pholas. Sliell small, greenish-brown,
closed, thin, constricted in tlie middle by a narrow
canal, finely striated anteriorly, scarcely echinated,
with ventral margin globose, dorsal valve ot)long,
hexagonal ; anteriorly smooth, acuminated.

SowEREY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18."34.

Hab. West Columbia. In soft stone at low water. A'
small shell, with one cutaneous plate covering the
umboes, and thoroughly enclosed when full grown.

Species 17. (Fig. fi,h.)

Pholas latissima. Pho. tedd subcomj)res»d, laid, sub-
quadratd, late utrinque apertd, postice late trun-
catd, antice svbacuminald, costellis concenlricis,
costisque noduli/eiis decussatd ; umbonihus fuh-
centralibus, marginibus dorsalibus re/lexis.

The v-ert wide Pholas. Shell subcompresseu, broad,
subquadrate, widely open on both sides, widely
truncated posteriorly ; anteriorly subacuminated,
decussated with concentric ridges and radiating
nodulose ribs ; umboes subcentral, dorsal margins
reflected.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1.S49.

Hab. Manilla Bay. Taken by Mr. Cuming. This
species appears to have no accessory valves.

Species 18. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)
Pholas Calikounica. Pho. testd mngiid, ivntricosd,
subcylindricd, in partes tres oh/ique divisd ; parte

anticd prope niarginetn ventralem sublmvigatd^
dorso usque ad medium imbricalim costato ; parte
medid pland, epidermide crasnd, indiitd ; parte
posticd oblique triangulari, transverse epidermide
laminald, ad terminum truncatd ; margine ventraJi
integumento divLw, elongato, corneo, ccelato ; mar-
gine dorsali integumento Iriplicato, elongato, ad
umbones angustato ccelato.
The Califoknian Pholas. Shell large, ventricose,
subcylindrical, obli(juely divided into three parts ;
anterior part rather smooth near the ventral
margin ; from the back to the middle with imbri-
cated ribs ; middle part smooth covered with a
thick epidermis; posterior part obliquely tri-
angular, transversely laminated with an epidermis,
truncated at the end ; ventral margin hidden by a
divided, elongated, horny integument; dorsal
margin hidden by a triplicate, elongated integu-
ment, narrow at the umboes.
CoSRAD. Ann. Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. i. p. 2;3G, t. 18, f 4
Hab. Monte Rey, California, in sandstone under deep
water. M. Hartweg. The largest and one of the
most curious of the enclosed species.

Species 19. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Pholas acuminata. P/to. testd clausd, subpyriformi,
ventricosd, in partes tres oblique divisd ; itarte an-
ticd rotundd, versus marginem dorsaleni minute
radiatim scabrd ; parte medid late plana, epider-
mide crassd indutd ; parte posticd acute angulatd,
attenuatd ; marginibus doi-salibus veritralibusque
integumentibus plicatis ccelatis ; valvuld dorsali
unicd mag7id, subquadratd.

The .acuminated Pholas. Shell closed, subpyriform,
ventricose, obliquely divided into three parts ;
anterior part rounded, radiately scabrous towards
the dorsal margin; middle part broadly Hat, covered

PHOLAS —Plate V.

with a thick epidermis; posterior part acutely
angular, attenuated ; dorsal and ventral margins
covered with folded integuments ; a single dorsal
valve, large and rather square.
SowERBY. Proc. Zool. See, 1834.

Hah. Panama. In limestone rocks at low water.
Differing in form from Pholas calva, being narrower
and more aciuninated, with a smaller, rather square
dorsal shield.

Species 20. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)
Pholas calva. Plio. testa clausd, latd, suhpyiiformi,
antice rotunclA : medio piano, epiderniidi crasm

indutd ; antice attenuatd, laminatd, ad terminum
suhacuminata, maryinibus dorsalihus ventrali-
husque integumentibus plicalis cwlatis ; lamina
dorsali late expansd, lohatd.

The skull Pholas. Shell closed, wide, suhpyriform,
anteriorly rounded ; middle flat, covered with a
thick epidermis ; anteriorly attenuated, laminated,
subacuminated at the end ; dorsal and ventral
margins covered with folded integuments ; dorsal
lamina broadly expanded lobed.

SoWERBV. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1834.

Hah. Panama Bay. In hard stone, at low water. A
broad, somewhat irregularly-lobed dorsal shield is
expanded over a large part of the dorsal margin
and part of the rounded head.

Phvlas PI. 17.

Sowerby, <lel et liLh

Vincent Brook.s.Day ii Sonimp

P II 0 L A S.

Species 21. (Mus. Boston). j

Pholas semicostata. Pho. tcsld parvd, hrevi, ventri-
cosd, cute testacea antice clauso, postice in tubam
prolongato ; testd in media oblique divisd, antice
subacute sinuatd, distanter costatd, postice leviter
rugata, hrevi.

The half-kibbed Pholas. Sliell small, short, vuntri-
cose, closed anteriorly and elongated jHisteriorly
by a testaceous integument into a tulie ; shell
obliquely divided in the middle, anteriorly rather
acutely sinuated, distantly ribbed, posteriorly
lightly wrinkled, short.

Lea. Pro. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Nov. 18M, pi. x.\iv.
f. 1.

Hah. South Carolina.

The regular part of the shell, which has almost the
form of a Teredina, is supplemented and extended by
less laminated structure, filling up the liiatus in front
and forming a tapering tube towards the ])Osterior
extremity.

Species 22. (Mus. Brit.)

Pholas p.ivicola. Pho. testd clausa, cimeiformis, trans-
verse canali divisa ; parte anticd oblique dimi-
diatd, versiis dorsum striatd, versus marginem
ventralem Icevigatd, ventricosd; parte posticd
elongatd, laminis Jimbriatis cutaneis angulariter
disposiiis ornatd ; valvulis dorsalibus duabus, sub-
quadratis.

The kiver Pholas. Shell closed, cuneiform, trans-
versely divided by a canal ; the anterior part
obliquely divided in half, striated towards the back,
smooth, ventricose towards the ventral margin ;
posterior part elongated, ornamented with fringed
cutaneous layers angularly disposed. Dorsal valves
two, subquadrate.

SowEKBT. Proc. Zool. Soc, is K.i.

Hab. Gunny Taboor, River Pantai.

This species was first collected by Mr. Arthur Adams
in a part of the river in Borneo twelve miles distant
from the sea, where the water was perfectly fresh.
Tlie singular fringed lamina" of epidermis distinguish
this freshwater species from all others.

Species 2;!. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
Puolas melanuka. P/to. testd clausd, subovati, in
medio canali serrato divisd ; parte anticd imbri-
catim costatd, margine ventrali Imviyato, inflato
dorsa coiiJlncHte, margine dorsali valide rejiexo et
tiunidu, ad ambones scutis duabus subquadratis
super lamiuas latas dispositis diviso ; parte
2iostico concentrice lyratd, epiderniide nigricante,
ad terminum tumuUs cornels, inflatis, subrenifo7-mis
duabus ad tubam testaceam affixis.
The black-tailed Pholas. Shell closed, subovute,
divided in the middle by a serrated canal ; anterior
part with imbricated ribs, ventral margin smooth
inflated, confluent with the back, dorsal margin
strongly reflected and tumid, divided at the
umboes by two subquadrate shields placed upon
wide laminre ; posterior part concentrically ridged,
with a blackish epidermis, and at the end two
homy, inflated, subreniform swellings fixed to tlie
shelly tube.

SowEiiBV, Proc. Zool. Soc, 18o4.

Ilah. Monte Christo.

A fine characteristic species found by the late Mr.

Cuming in hard clay and loose stones.

Species 24. CFig. a, b, Mus. Cuming in Brit.)
Pholas BUAXCULvrA. Pho. testd pyriformi, clausd,
antice ventricosd, in partes tres oblique divisd ; parte
anticd prope marginem ventralem IcBvigatd, medio
et ad dorsum minute scabroso-striald ; parte medid

August, 1872.

PIIOLAS.— Plate VI.

plana, epidermUle cra^^sii striatd indnti) ; parte
ponticd attenuatd, epidermide laminis Imvigatis
rotrnidatis dispositd ; sciite dorsale amplo, expanxo ;
inlegv/mentis dorsalihus et ventralibus donijatis.
Thk branchiate PnOLAS. Shell pyriforni, closed,
anteriorly ventricose, obliquely divided into three
parts ; anterior part smooth near the ventral
margin ; minutely scabro-striated in the middle
and at the back ; middle part flat, covered with a

thick striated epidermis ; posterior part attenuated,

the epidermis placed in smooth, rounded lamina ;

dorsal shield ample expanded, dorsal and ventral

integuments elongated.
Gould, Proc. liost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 184.j. p. 290.
//ai. >

With the exception of the marginal integuments and
dorsal shield the characters of this species resemble those
of Pholas Calva.

PholasFl.m.

■1

Sowerby.ddethth

Viiicenl. Br oofa. Day iScu Iir.p

P II 0 L A S.

Species 25. (JIus. Cum. in Brit.)

Pholas cl.\usa. Pho. testd suhovatd, ventrimsu, clatisd,
omnino striis radiatu el costis moniUjormUms con-
ceiitiicis ornatd ; margine dorsali pnstice sujjlato,
antic'e valid'e expanse et sufflato, ad umbones traiis-
ven^e indso, snjier /(tiiiinas transfer sas triijonas
decumhenle ; ml tirminuin posticiciu subatteiiutitd,
epidermiih' ni'jricantr, /abis (juatuor injlatis, time
intcgumento ci/dtlii/ormi, /.fjiHiiso, ad la/era <:iaar-
ginaio.

The enclosed Piiolas. Shell subovatc, voiitricusc,
ornamented in every part with nuliated stria:
and moniliforra concentric rilis; dors<vl margin
swelled posteriorly, much expanded and .swelled
anteriorly, transversely incised at the, nmboes, and
lying upon transverse trigonal plates ; attenuated
at the posterior end with a blackish epidermis,
with four inflated lobes, then a cyathiibrm, ex-
panded integument emarginated at the sides.

Gray, in Brit. Mus.

Pliolas explanata, Spengler.

Uab. Kiver Gambia.

By a strange moditic-itinn of the cu]) eharaeter,
Pholas clausa has a sort of fup-sh.'ipcd apiienJaae, so
divided as to appear like a pair of liaps.

Species 26. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cum. in Brit.)
Pholas quadra. Pho. testd oUomjo-subovatd., chiiisd,
medio canali serrato divisd ; parte anticd aistntd et
striaid, margine ventrali injkito, cum margine dorsa/i
confluenti, margine dorsali (umido, diriso, ad urn-
hones transverse inciso ; parte postird concentricc
striatd, in tumulis itijlatis qiiatuor, et tuba testaced
terminanti.
The square Pholas. Shell oblong-subovate, closed,
divided in the middle by a serrated canal ; an-
terior part ribbed and striated; ventral margin
inflated, confluent with the dorsal margin ; dorsal
margin tumid, divided ; transversely incised at the

umboes ; posterior part (•(ineeiitrically striated,
terminating in four iiillateil swellings, and in a
testaceous tube.

So\vi;i;i!Y. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1834.

Ilab. Monte Christo.

Not terminating in a half membranaceous eu{i as in

Pholas papyracea, but in fimr horny swellings ^ur-

mounting a shelly tube.

Species 27. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.
Pholas couticakia. Pho. lesld parvd, chii
constrictd ; anticd angiilatim longitmliii
tatd, costis serratis, margine reiitraii
postice prop!: iiiedium couceiitricc ylrint'K
plus iJiiNiisrr nil, iiiKitii : .■iciitib/is trihi
1llia eliingiilit ml iiKirgi m m riiitr^i/nii, in

uiubones dispv.^itif.
:eI) Pholas. Shell small, el
the middh., angularly hni
ribbed in front, ribs serrated, veiitr
smooth, povtrriorly near the middii
trically siii.it. d, i xnvmity more or less a
shields thr.'c, of which one is elongated

super manji
dnila, super

■ieted

on the ventral m

iigin

one elon

gated ,

terior dorsal m;

rgin

and one

sub4u.

the und..,es.

Gray. ilS. Mus. Brit

Hah. .'

The reddish colon

• (if

the shell

is can

animal boring in Moat

nig n

nd.ugany.

Species 2.S.

(M

IS. .'

) <-'<-'l>i'--

Pholas brevis. Ph

/. 1,

^1,1 hreri

CUIIO

epideniiide .nibrii

■-// //

dxia, Urr

llSCllid

uedin
slrictd, antice ad ninrgiiicin rentruletit lujhiUt :
dorsali piarvo, lutu, margine dursah pc.-liri
ticeque subexpanso.

s. Slioll slinrt, cTuipate, closed,
grecnisli epidermis, constricted in

SHOUT Piio
covered witli
tlif middle, anteriorly inflated at the ventral mar-
ifin ; dorsal shield small, broad ; dorsal margin
slijrhtly ex])anded posteriorly and anteriorly.
i;i:r.Y. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Pholas, fig. 105.

PIIOLAS.— Plate VII,
Tin; nv,\Ti:

Species ■2V. (Fig. a, /-, Mns. Brit.)

PHfiL.vs ov.\T.\. FIio. tei<td jiyrifornii, ventricosd, clausd,
ill medio tiunaversc iHvisd, antice latei-c dorsali
railiatniii costiitd, oblique striatd, latere ventrali
inflato, Iceriijato ; posticc larignid, valvulis longi-
tudine inaqualilnis ; iimhonibiis lamind testaced
axjinnsd celatis.

: Pholas. Shell pyriform, ventricose, closed,
divided transversely in the middle, anteriorly
radiately ribl)cd at the dorsal side, inflated and
smooth on the ventral side ; posteriorly smooth,
with the valves unequal in length ; umboes hidden
by a shelly, expanded jilate.

Gray. MS. in Mus. Brit.

//„/,. ?

This species, unique as far as known, in the British
Museum, has some relation to the several species
united in Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchyliorum under
the name " Ti{I0MPHAll\," .said to be identical with
" Jmanettia" but it has not the false umbo and over-
lapping anterior margin in one valve wliich characterizes
the genus- in (juestion, and its covering jilate or shield
is independent.

P hoi as FL MIL

3ov/erby del et \\\\

'/incentBroolcs.DayASoii.l!!

0 L A S.

Species 30. (Fig. a, b, xMus. Cuniiiig in Brit. )
PllOLAS Incki. Pho. tesid siibri/Undrird, brevi, ventri-
cosd, pwtibus tribus dirifid; parte untied pi-ope
marginem ventralein sublwvigald, dorso usque ad
medium mimite longitudinaliter et radiatim Mriatd ;
parte medid pland, epidermide crai:sd indutd ; parte
ponticd oblique inangtdari, epidermide taminis
serratis producld ; marginis dnrsalis integumento
quadripartito, partibus anticis lalis, brevihus, podicis
laiioribus elongatis.
Ince's Pholas. Shell subcylimlrical, short, vcntricose,
divided into three parts ; the anterior part smooth
near the ventral margin, from back to middle
minutely longitudinally and radiately striated ;
middle part flat, covered with a thick epidermis ;
posterior part obliquely triangular, with the epi-
dermis produced in serrated lamina; ; integument
of the dorsal margin quadripartite, the anterior
parts wide, short ; the posterior parts wider,
elongate.
SowEKBY. Proc. Zooi. Soc, LSI',).
Ilab. Raine's Island, Torres Straits.

This extremely curious species was first procured by
Captain Ince, R.N., in coral rock.

anterior ; hiterai :irea in front of tlie umboes at the

dorsal margin Hat.
SuWEunv. Vvor. Z,.ol. Soc, IS-l'.t. Thesaurus Conchy-

lioruin, No. 10, phvte oiii. f. 17, LS.
Hah. JIanilla Bay.

Collected by the late Mr. ('inning.

Species ;31. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming in Brit.)
I'holas M.\.siLLiE. Pho. testa apertd, elongatd, antice
subangulatd, costis subdist<intibus acutissime imbri-
catis omnino radiatd ; vmbonibus subanticis ; ared
laterali ante umbones ad marginem dorsalem pland ;
■icuto dorsali parvo, arcuato.
The Manilla PiiOLAS. Shell open, elongated ; anteriorly
slightly angular, rayed all over with rather distant
very acutely imbricated ribs; umboes rather

Species '■>■!. (Fig. a, h, c. Mtis. 15rit. )

PiioLAS STi'.iATA. Pho. Icstd clausd, medio oblique
divisd, antice angulaiim longitudinaliter, costatd ;
costis ser7'atis : margine anlico-ventrali laevigata,
rotundato ; parte posticd versus medium concentrice
striatd ; extremitate plus minusre productd, et atle-
nuald ; scuto ventrali uno eUmgato ; sctitis dorsa-
libus duobus, uno lata subquadrato, super umbones
disposito, uno po.'itico, etongato, angusto.

The stiuated Phola.s. Shell closed, obliquely divideil
in the middle, anteriorly angularly longitudinally
ribbed ; ribs serrated ; anterior ventral margin
smooth, rounded ; posterior part concentrically
striated towards the margin, extremity more or
less produced and attenuated ; one elongated ventral
shield, two dorsal shields, one wide, subquadrate,
placed upon the umboes ; one posterior, elongated,
narrow.

LixN.EUS. SystcMia Natur;e.

Pholas nana. Pulteney.

Pholas pusilla. Linnjeus.

Pholas lignorum. Spengler.

Pholas conoides. Fleming.

Pholas clavata. Lamarck.

Hob. Coasts of Great Britain, and almost everywhere,
floating.

August, 187i

-^^S,

PholasPI.lX.

36. a

SoTOsrbY, del et lith

Vincent Brooks,DayiSon Imp

l> H 0 L A S.

Species S3. (Fig. «, b.)

Pholas cuNEiFORiiis. Pho. tcstd parrd, nineald, clatisd,
oblique canali scrrato didsd ; marijine ventrali
antko IcKvigato, rotundato, latere dorsali costis
longitiidinalibus, arcuatis, serratis rugato ; poslice
concentrice striatd, plus miiuisve attemiata ; scutis
marginalibus tribns, lino ad margincm ventralem
elongate, uno ad margiiiem dorsalem angustisdmo,
una super mnbones disposito lata, aiitire obtusd
angulato, postice acuminato.

The wedge-shaped Pholas. Shell small, cuneate,
closed, obliquely divided by a serrated canal ;
anterior ventral margin smooth, round, dorsal sido
roughened with longitudinal arched, serrated
ribs ; posteriorly concentrically striated, more or
less attenuated ; marginal shields three, one
elongated, on the ventral margin ; one very
narrow, on the dorsal margin, one broad, placed
upon the umboes, anteriorly obtusely angular,
posteriorly acuminated.

Say. Journ. Sci. Philad., vol. ii. p. ;;22.

Uab. N. America.

The umbonal shield, instead of being broad and

large as in Pholas striata, is narrow and lozeuge-shaped,

more acute posteriorly than anteriorly.

Species 34. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Pholas aperta. Pho. testd globosd, apertd, in iiiiilio
canali serrato divisA ; antice ad margiiiem ventralem
Bubangulafd ; costis laqueatis concentricis ornatd ;
postice Icevigatd, subattenuatd ; lamiiiis dorsalibus
quatuor, parvis, super umhones dispositis.

The open Pholas. Shell globose, open, divided in the
middle by a serrated canal ; anteriorly rather
angular at the ventral margin ; ornamented with
concentric fluted ribs; smooth posteriorly, sub-
attenuated ; dorsal plates four, small, placed upon
the umboes.

SowERBV. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849.

Hah. Straits of Suiula and Banca.

Burrowing in floating mahogany, the shell of this
species has a reddish tint. The dividing groove is
nearer the anterior than the posterior end, while in
Pholas terediiiceformis the contrary is the case. It has
two pairs of dorsal plates, while the last mentioned
species has but one.

Species 3.'.. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Pholas obtecta. Pho. testd ovafd, suhpi/riioi-ini, rl,iti.sd,
canali medio divisd ; parte antii-<'i hitm- ilmvaJi
minute striatd, latere ventrali lau-i, mtmi'lo ; jiartc
posticd la-i'i, marginibus nnlni/ihii^ ili>rsali7>ii.<ijiii
taminis elongatis nbtectis, ad tirmiinim aiii/iisli.<. in
livninas artindalas <:i/,illi;j\,i„i, .< pi;„l,irtd ; scuta
dorsali iiinr/,i,,, ad iiiuh.aics hllohal,,, autice versus
uiargineiii riutniliui lati , rjiaiisn.

Tni: SHELTEiiED Pudi.AS. Sh. II uvate, subpyriform,
closed, divided in t\v mi. Idle liy a canal, anterior
part minutely striated at the dorsal side; posterior
part smooth, rounded ; dorsal and ventral margins
covered with long plates, narrow at the end, pro-
duced into cyathiform articulated lamina; dorsal
shield large, bilobed at the umboes, anteriorly
widely expanded towards the ventral margin.

SowEP.BY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1849. Thesaurus Con-
chyliorum,Monog. PhoIas,No. 10, pi. 108, f. 80, 81.

pfab. North Coast of Australia.

J. E. Doring, Esq., R.N., collected this interesting

species at Turtle Island in coral rock at low water.

Sjiecies ^.M^. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Ciuning in Brit.)

Pholas teredinjefok.mis. Pho. testd globosd, apertd, in
medio per canalem serralum divisd ; antice ad
margiiiem ventralem subaiigulatd, costis laqueatis
concentricis ornatd ; postice brevi, Icevigatd ; lumind
dorsali und. suhquadratd, super marginem rejiexam,
valcaruiii disjiositd.

August, 1872.

PHOLAS.— Plate IX.

The Ti.r.KDiNiFOi;M Pholas. Shell globose, open, divided ] Sowerby. Proo. Zool. See

in the middle by a serrated canal ; anteriorly sub-

angulated at the ventral margin, ornamented with

fluted concentric ribs ; posteriorly short, smooth ;

dorsal plate single, subquadrate, placed npon the

reflected margin of the valve?.
SowEiuiv. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18-19.
Huh. Cuba.

This species which was found burrowed in floating
wax, and the Pliolas aperfa, so nearly resembling it, are
so short as to resemble Teredinm or Xyhiihafjw
ill general appearance. The valves of the former,
however, have no dorsal plates, and those of the latter
want the curved subumbonal processes, characteristics
of the true Pholades, of which the present species is
unquestionablj' one.

Species 37. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Pholas multistriata. Plio. icsid ohloii;/d, clmisd^
fransrerse ante medium per canalem scmitiim divisd,
piirtc untied prope marginem ventralem Icevtgatd,
laten dorsali minutissime striata; parte posticd
Utriijatd, per laininas tumidas elongatd et acuminatd;
seiito dorsali ovali antice, semicircular!, j^osfice
suhacuininatd.

The manv-striated Pholas. Shell oblong, closed,
transversely divided by a serrated canal in front of
the middle, anterior part near the ventral margin
smooth, at the dorsal side very minutely striated,
posterior part smooth, elongated and acuminated
by tumid laminse ; dorsal shield oval anteriorly,
rather pointed posteriorly.

849. Thesaurus Con-
chyliorum. No. 10, Pholas, pi. 104, fig. 35, 36.
Hall. Turtle Island, North Coast of America.

The striae on the umbonal part of this species are
exceedingly fine. The posterior part of the shell
appears lengthened out by lamina^ which are partially
distinct from tlie valves, yet form a ]iart of them.

Species 38. (Mus. Cimiing.)

Pholas quadrigonalis. Flw. testd clausd, suhcylindi-ica,
ventricosd, in partes tres oblique fransversales divisd ;
parte anticd prope marf/im in nidruli'in Iccrigatd, in
medio et ad dorsum minuti' sirintii ,• purte mcdiand
pland; parte posticd iiiid, riiiidc luniinis serratis
indutd ; marginis dorsalis inteijmnento suhtestaceo,
in partes quatuor, quarmn duas anticas breves, duas
posticus elongatas, irilohatas, diviso.

The qu.^drigoxal Pholas. Shell closed, subcylindrical,
ventricose, divided into three obliquely transverse
parts ; anterior part smooth near the ventral
margin, minutely striated in the middle and at the
back; middle part flat; posterior part covered
with an epidermis in serrated layers ; integument
of the dorsal margin subtestaceous, divided into
four parts, of which the two anterior are short, and
the two posterior elongated, trilobate.

Spengler ?

Hal. ?

Very little is known of the natural history of this
j very interesting shell, wliicli in some characters

resembles Pholas Inci i.

'^,£>

fM

FJwfa,s PI J.

/^^

|3

P H 0 L A S.

Species 38*. (Fig. a, b. Mus. Brit.)
PnoL.\s TKiDENs. Fho. testd clausd, suhoi-ati, canali
serratn divisd, parte anticd cnstatd et lineatd, mnr-
fjine ventrali injlato, cum margine dorsali eonjluenti ;
margine dorsali tumido, divisn, ad vjul/ones trans-
verse iiiciso ; parte postird conci'iitncc lineatd, ad
terminum tuniis arcaatis duahu.<, ad viargmem pos-
ticum integiimenti ci/atlii/ornii ; cijatho intus callo
tripartita.

The ™i;i;e-toothei) Phoi.as. Shell closed, subovate,
divided by a serrated canal, anterior jiart ribbed
and lineated, ventral margin iiiilated, continent with
the dorsal margin; dorsal margin tumid, divided
transversely, incised at the uinboes ; posterior part
concentrically lineated, with two arched swellings,
and at the posterior margin a cup-shaped integu-
ment; cup with a tripartite callus within.

Gi!.\Y (Talona). Brit. Mus. Cat.

Hub. Monte Christo.

In some respects resembling riiotas jiapyracca, but

with a curious three-pronged callus inside the cuj).

Species 39. (Fig. o, 6, Mus. Brit.)

PuOLAS TUBIFER. P)io. tcstd clavsd, mbovati, can<di
serrato divisd ; parte anticd costatd et lineatd, mar-
gine ventrali injlato, mm margine dorsali conjhienti;
margine dorscdi tumido, diviso, ad utnbo7ies trans-
verse incise; parte posticd concentrice striatd. ad
terminum spathulis duabus subquadratis, cor-neis, ad
tubam testaceam plus minusve elongatam affixis.

The tube-beaking Phol.\s. Shell closed, divided by a
serrated canal ; anterior part costated and lineated,
ventral margin inflated, confluent with the dorsal
margin ; dorsal margin tumid, divided trans-
versely, slit at the umboes ; posterior part concen-
trically striated, with two rather square liorny
flaps fi.xed to a more or less lengthened shelly tube.

SowERBT. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1834.

Ilab. Bay of Caraccas, AVest Columbia.

Collected by the late Mr. Cuming in decayed wood.

Species 40. ( Mus. .Jeffreys, &c.)

Pholas papyr.\cea. Pho. testd subnjlindraced, clausd,
canali serrato divisd, parte anticd costatd et imbri-
catd, margine ventrali IcBvi, inflato, margine dorsali
conftuenti, usque ad umhones rejle.ro, tumido ; parte
posticd lf/;vi, suhlruncatd, ad terminum appendice
cyathiformi lateribus subquadratis.

The papvr.\ceous Pholas. Shell subcylindrical, closed,
divided by a serrated canal, anterior part ribbed
and imbricated, ventral margin smooth, inflated;
dorsal margin confluent, reflected as far as the um-
boes, tumid ; posterior part smooth subtruncated,
with a square-sided cup-shaped appendage.

Linnaeus. Sysiema Natur.x'.

Pholas nana, Pulteney

Pholas pusilla, Lamarck

Hab. Great Britain.

Young.

A well-known British Species.

Species 41. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Puolas concamerata. Pho. tcsid i-entriro.fd, clausd,
oblique divisd : parte anticd injlutd, radiatim cos-
tatd, cosiis imbricatis, marginibus dorsalibxis late
rejle.ris ; parte posticd striatd, ad terminum sub-
qnadrutd : in cyatho corneo ad latera diviso, pro-
ductd; ad umlxmes lamind subquadratd, magna,
pii.-itice aiihiiiiiiniintd : thm laminis du(d>XiS latis
cum iiiiir,iiiiihii:< !■ niiin'ilibus testcB confluentibus.
The CHA-Mi;r,i:i:n I'iinEAs. Shell ventricose, closed, ob-
liquely divided ; anterior part inflated, radiately
ribbed, ribs imbricated, dorsal margins widely
' reflected; posterior part striated, subquadrate at

; the end, produced into a horny cup divided at the

sid.;s ; a large subquadrate, posteriorly acuminated
I subquadrate lamina at the umboes. then two

! wide lamina; confluent with the terminal marsrins

j of the shell.

Desh.wes ?

I Uah. Monte Key, California.

\r

Phch.s' Pl.U.

rtv .lei .t l.ll.

\'myiM Broolts DxyScSon Imp

P II 0 L A S.

Species 42. (Fig. «, h. Mus. Rrit.)

PiiOLAS (;lobos.\. Pho. testa suhovatA, jwsticc gulmt-
temiatd, antice glnhosd, i-alris ilicisis ; jwrte posticd
concentrice liratd, in medio costd imh-icatA und ;
parte anticd etiam liratd^ radiatim costis acute
imbricafis ornatd ; valvd dextrd productd siiblin-
giKsfornii, dentihiis aaitis recurvis serratd ; iiucleo
lamintE tenninalis valvce siiiistrce triangulari,
striata, sxibcomplmmto.

The globose Pholas. Shell subovate, posteriorly sub-
attenuated, anteriorly globose, valves divided,
posterior part conceutrically ridged, with a single
imbricated rib in the middle : anterior part also
ridged, ornamented with radiating imbricated
ribs; right valve produced, rather tongue-shaped,
serrated with acute recurved tueth ; nucleus of the
terminal lamina of the left valve triangular striated,
llattish.

Quor. Voy. Astrolabe.

Triomphalia globosa, Sowerby.

Jouanettia globosa, NonnuU.

Hah. Isle of Leyte, Philippines.

Found in the soft stone at low water. I have not
yet ascertained whether the group of Pholades of which
this is typical is really entitled to the generic appella-
tion of Jouanettia, but my im[)ressiou is that the term
" Triomphalia," which 1 applied to it in the Thesaurus,
will have to be resumed.

Species 43. (Fig. a. h. Mus. Brit.)

Phulas CuMiXGii. I'ko. testa rotundatd, rrassd ; i-alvis
postice caiiali divisis, concentrice Hniis elevaiis
liratis, antice costis mimitis serratis radiatis ; parte
posticd concentrice laminatd ; valvd dextrd postice
in linguld triangulai-t margine triplicato productd ;
valvd sinistrd postice bi'evissimd, margine termiuali
circulari.

Cumikg's Piiolas. Shell rounded, lliick ; valves divided
posteriorly by a canal, concentrically ridged with
raised lines ; posterior part concentrically lami-
nated; right valve posteriorly produced into a
triangular triple-bordered tongue; left valve
posteriorly very short, terminal margin circular.

Sowerby. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1849.

Hab. Isle of Zebu, Philippines.

Found by the late Mr. Cuming in coral rock in low

water.

Species 44. (Mus. Brit.)

PnoLAS PULCUERUIMA. I'iu). testd siiboviiti, veiitncosa,
postice globosd, corrugatd, antice siibattenuatd ;
valvis transverse divisis ; parte jMsticd costis dis-
tanlibus concentrice liratd ; parte anticd lineis
liratd, costis inibricatis raxliatd; valvd dextrd pro-
ductd, linguceformi, margine dentihus acutis ciispatis
serrato ; nucleo laminoe ti:riiiin(di.< ralrce sinistrce
subtriangulari, rotundo, lin, /.< < leralis linito.

The vert beautikcl Piiolas. Shell subovate, ventri-
cose, posteriorly globose, corrugated, anteriorly
subattenuated, valves transversely divided ; poste-
rior part concentrically ridged with distant ribs ;
anterior part ridged with lines, rayed with imbri-
cated ribs; left valve produced, tongue-shaped,
margin serrated with sharp curved teeth ; nucleus
of the terminal lamina of the left valve rather
triangidar, rounded, ridged with elevated hues.

SowEP.BY. Proc. Zool. Sue, 1849.

Hab. West Columbia.

This magnificent species was taken by the late

j\lr. Cuming in soft stone at low water.

Species 45, (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Pholas spatiiulata, P/to. testd elongatd, clausd,
ubVuiue divisd ; parte anticd radiatim custatd, sub-

PHOLAS.— Plate XL

angulatd ; parte poslicd concentrice leviter striatd,
subtruncatd, ad mmyines integumento protectd, ad
terminum in ci/atho corneo, laterihus spathulijbrmi-
biis 2>'>'oductd ; ad umbones laminis dvabtts anjuali-
hus, postice bilobatis, antice elongatis.
Thk spathulate Pholas. Shell elongated, closed,
obliquely divided ; aiiterior part radiately ribbed,
subangulated ; posterior part concentrically lightly

striated, subtruncated, protected at the margins
by an integument, produced at the end into a
liorny cup with spathulate sides ; two equal
laniinse, bilobed posteriorly I'longuted anteriorly
at the umboes.

Sowe!:bv. Proc. Zool. fSoc, l.s4'J.

Hub. New Zealand.

Phvhu Pl.XlI.

, if^^-^b, •--:!

^Hv

\:^;

''W

1. «s\ .

m

f

VlnceiiL Brooks D<w & Son , Imp

P H 0 L A S.

Species 4(1. (Mus. Brit.)

Pholas Gratana. Plw. testd subpyriformi, brevi, clavM,
antice rotundatd, medio canali serrato divisd ; parte
antica tenuiter slriatd, parte posticd Iwvigatd,
cutieatd, lamind domali unicd, subqwidratd.

(tKay's Pholas. Shell subpyriform, short, closed,
rounded in front, divided in tiie middle by <i
serrated canal ; anterior part finely striated, pos-
terior part smooth, wedge-shaped, with a single
dorsal, rather square jilate.

Leach. MS. Brit. Mus.

Hab. !

One of the shortest of the closed .■species.

Species 47. (Mus. Brit.)

Pholas Bakliii. I'/to. testa subajlindmced, apeitd, antice
acunuiMld, margiiie dorsali rejlexo, ante medium
latissimd, cosiis distantihxis^ liris imbricatin antice
acutiilsculis radiatd ; laminis dorsalibiis ignotx,^.

Baker's Pholas. Shell subcylindrical, ojien, ante-
riorly acuminated, dorsal margin reflected, before
the middle very wide, rayed with distant ribs,
imbricated by ridges rather sharper towards the
front ; dorsal plates unknown.

? MS. Brit. Mus.

Hob. ?

Distinguished by the width ot' the U]ipi
valves from other similar species.

The GOLDEN-TiNTKii I'linLAs. Shrll elongated,
subcylindrical, finely inibricately ribbed, a
side short, acuminated, widely gaping, mi
rather tumid ; posterior side smooth, attenuat.

("tray. MS. Mus. Brit.

Hab. '

Sp,

■19.

(Fig. ((, b, Mus. Brit.)

I'noLAS iiVoiiiKA. /'/to. tesUl mayiid, solidd, cluund.
ventricosissiiad, medio oblique per caitidein, liratam
divisd, parte untico-dorsali acute radiatim costatd,
et concentria) creberrime imbricatd, mari/ine dorsali
duplicatim rejlexo, ad umbones lamind subqnu-
dratd crassd tectd ; parte posticd Iwvigatd.

The EGG-SHAPED Pholas. Shell large, solid, closed,
very ventricose, divided in the middle l)y a
ridged canal, antero-dorsal part acutely radiately
ribbed, and concentrically very closely imbricated,
dorsal margin doulily reflected, covered at the
umboes with a somewliat square thick lamina:
posterior part smooth.

Gould. .'

Hab. Monterry.

Species 48. (Mus. Brit.)
Pholas ep.ythr^a. Pho. testd elongatd, apertd, sub-
cylindraced, tenuiter imbricato-costald, latere antico
brevi, acuminato, late hianti, medio tnnmUnscuh,
latere postico Icevigato, atteiiunto. '

Autrust

Species yd. (Mus. Brit.)

Pholas ligniperda. Fbo. testd tenui, albd, ciintijhrini,
siibirregulari, clausd, ante jnedium divisd ; postice
nttenuatd ; nmhonibits lamind unicd sid)qvadratd
antice acuminata tectis.

The wood-burrowing Pholas. SIh'U thin, white.
wedge-shaped, rather irregular, closed, divided
anterior to the middle ; posteriorly attentiated ;
umboes covered by a single rather square, ante-
riorly acuminated plate.

187

PHOLAS.— Plate XII.

Desuaye^. ?

Hah. Port Essiiigtoii.

The specimens in the British Museum are imbedded
in a very hard blackish wood, tlie boring having been
made across the srraiu.

Species 51. (Mus. Brit.)

I'holas kalcata. Pho. testd brevi, suhcuneifoiini,
niniUi serrafo cliiisd {claiisA ?) parte anticd serrato-

striatd, parte pogtica propn caruiUm conrentrice
liratd, prope terminum keriijatd ; lamuul dorsali
cuneatd, medio divisd.

The hooked Pholas. Shell short, subcuneiform,
divided by a serrated canal (closed ?) anterior
part serrato-striated, posterior part near the
canal concentrically lirated ; smooth near the end,
dorsal plate cuneated, divided in the niiddle.

Gray. MS. Brit. Mus.

Hub. Hudson's Bay.

A rather dubious little species.

INDEX TO PIfOLAS.

acuiu inata, Soweihy V.

aperta, Sowerhtj IX.

Australasiffi, Gray III.

Bakeri, MS XII.

branchiata, Gould V'l.

hTevis, Sowerb;/ \'II.

callfoTmcii, Conrad V.

calva, Soirerhy \' .

Campechmnis, GnxeWn II.

Candida, LiniKeiis 1.

Chiloensis, AVw^f II.

clausa, Gray VII.

clavata, Lamarck VIII

concamerata, Deshayes X .

conoide.1, Flem \"III

constricta, Soiverby III.

corticaria, &'i'(j^ \ II.

costata, Linnceiis 1

crispata, Linnceus III.

crucifera, Soiverby I\'.

Cumingii, .S«'('(';-Jv XI.

cuneiformi.=, Sny IX.

curta, Sowerhy V.

dactylus, Liiinceus II.

Darwinii, Sowerhy iV.

erythraea, Grny XII.

falcata, Gray .\II.

iragiWi, Sowerby III.

globosa, Q?(oy XI.

(Ir.-iyaiKi, harh XII. 4r,

Incei, Suwerby VIII. :;0

laqueata, Sowerhy 1 \' . 1 ;!

latissima, (So;fvv% \. 17

ligniperda, i>«s/«(//e,« XII. .'id

%nor»m, Spengler \'III. '.V^

Manillffi, ^'o;m% Vlll. ;', 1

melanura, Soirerby \'l. i':;

multistriata, .S""', ;A// IX. :;7

«a««, Pulteiiey \'I1I. ;;2

ohtecta, Sowerliy IX. .'f.'i

orientalis, Gmelin II. .''i

nvMa, Gray VII. !'!•

ovoidea, Gould XII. I '.»

papyracea, i('n?i«Ms X. 40

parva, Penn 1. '.'>

pnlcherriina, .S'r)»'«'4!y XI. 14

/jMjitV/n, Linnajus VIII. ;!2

quadra, 5o»w6!/ VII. ".'(I

(juadrizonalis, >Sy)CT9/cr IX. ;i,S

vWicoVa, Soiverby '. VI. •>•>

snniicostata, /,fac/( VI. '.'1

similis. Gray III. Id

spatliuiata, .Soioerty XI. 1.')

striata, /^i«nfp»s VIII. ;!2

t,crvdmxfarm\&, Soiverby IX. 'M

tridons, 6Vny X. ;i.s*

truncata, iS'«y IV. 14

tubifcr, Sowerhy X. oV

K R K .\ T U :VI.
Plate IX.. species 38, text, — for qnadrgionalis read qua<lrizonali

MONOGRAPH

THE (iENUS

Y 0 L D I A.

■ All on the land, or in the ocean bi'cJ.
On Thee depend, in their due season [n\."—Gvorge Saiidj/x.

y<'/<ha /'//

-%.-

iowerby.delellitli

VincentBrooks.Day^SciJmp

Y 0 L D I A.

Genus YOLDIA, MOlln:
Testa hiiitusciilosa, (equivalds, Monga, aiinpnsm, /re-
quenter utrinque hians, mtiis niirnn ; laltre jm.itiru
hand attemtato ; nargine cardinali nngulato, Ji-n-
lil/11,1 utrinque iiMnerosis ; lujitmentu internn.
Sliell biiimscular, eqiiivalve, oblong, oompressed, fre-
c}ueiitly gaping ;it both ends, pearly within ; pos-
terior side not attenuated ; hinge margin angular,
the teeth on each side numerous ; ligament inter-
nal.
The YoUlice have not tiie [)eculiur cuneate form of
Xiicula, nur is the posterior side rostrated and produced
as in the Lcedw. In many ol' the s[iecies the valves
are slightly parted at each end. .\ large projiortion
are inhabitants of the northern seas both of Europe
and America.

(Fig-

Brit.)

Ydi.Di.-i WooD\v.\Ri)i. Yol. testa ovato-subitfuiidnatd,
(iblotii/d, compressd, Iwvigatd, inwquUaterali ; latere
jKistico breri, aciiminato, ad terniiiiim truncato, mar-
gine dorsali depresso, majyiin c. ntndi mite rostnuu
paulu cmcavo ; latere antieo jnodueld, e/liptiin,
margine dorsali convexv.

Wuoinv.-MiD's YoLDiA. Shell ovate-subacuuiinate, nb-
long, compressed, smooth, inequilateral : posterior
side short, acuminated, tnmcated at the end, dorsal
margin depressed, ventral margin a little concave
in front of the beak; anterior side produced,
elliptic, dorsal mai'gin convex.

lI.\Ni.i;y. I'roc. Zool. Soc, 1860.

//.(/.. Falkhind Islands.

Species 1. (Fig. a, b. <■, Mus. Brit.)
I>IA Tmuci.BF
nitd, reiitrico!
rtdii/o iiiiliitd ; iiittis j,
Imjiniferd magnd ; late

Vol. testd oblioigii-.'^ubqiiad-

lariijittd : epi',1, miide idivareo

jiiillidi.<siiiie rosiil, j'lissd carti-

■o iiiigiiliito, latesnprd.

;!, a, /., Mus

Yoi.ni.v
lutd

et infra obtuse trunrato : margine dorsali depresso,
subconcavo, area imprcssd, latd, dejinitd : latere
antico b?-eriiisailo, subcuneato.

The Thu.4ci.efokm Y'oldi.\. Shell oblong-subquadrate,
very ventricose, smooth, covered with a strong
olive epidermis ; very pale rose within, cartila-
giniferous pit large ; posterior side angxdar, ob-
tusely truncated above and below : dorsal margin
depressed, subconcave, impressed area wide,
defined ; anterior side rather sliort, rather cuneale.

Stoker. Boston Journal, vol. ii. p. 1 22.

Yoldia angularis, Miiller (young.)

Xucula laternaria, Valenciennes.

Xucula navicidaris, Couthay.

Yoldia Mulleri, Gray.

November

Yul. testd
;rali,epide.
indiitd : h:t

tide

area plauulntd, de/iuitd , liitire mitieo jiin/ii: ter-
mimim radiidim iiupresso. imiegine reiitndi pnid,
concaro.

The .\i.moxi) Y'oi,di.\. Shell compressed, ovately lan-
ceolate, nearly equilateral, covered with a brown
or olive rayed, shining epidermis ; posterior side
slightly acuminated, truncated at the end, dorsal
margin depressed, area flattened, defined ; anterior
side radiately im)iressed near the end, with ventral
margin a little cou-ive.

Valenciennes. Zool. Xi^nies Moll. pi. •.';!, I. G.

Hi(b. Kamtschatka.

VoUlut Fi.lL

Sowerby, dsl et lith

Vincent Brooka.Day&SonJmp

Y 0 L D I A

Species 4. (Mus. ISrit.)
YoLDiA TENELLA. Yol. iestd parvtl, tenu'i, injlatil,
sv.hpeUucidd, ImvigatA, subtrapeziformi, minutis-
sime slriald ; latere postico siibaUenuato, subros-
trato, lunuhl valde depressd, complanatd, medio
contracto apice subcentrali ; lat -.re antico inflato,
lato, siibtus hiante, subrolundo.
The thin little Yoldia. Shell small, thin, inflated,
subpellucid, smooth, slightly trapeziform, very
minutely striated ; posterior side rather attenu-
ated, slightly rostrated, lunulo much depressed,
flattened, middle contracted, apex subcentral ;
anterior side inflated, wide, gaping beneath, rather
rounded.
Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. It'.).
Hah. Singapore.

This is one of the four species enumerated by Mr.
Hanley as intermediate between Ijeda proper and
Yoktia. From its anterior ventral hiatus, and general
form, it appears most closely related to the latter,
although placed by the above-named author in the
fonner.

Species 5. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
Yoldia SEROxtNA. Yol testd ovato-mbrhomboided,
tenui, suhcompressd, lavigatd, alhidd ; latere
postico paulo loiujiore, subattemtato, compresso.
hand sulcata, superne cuneato, obscure unicostato,
lunuld elongatd, dktinctd, compressd ; mnlio sttb-
planulato, apice acuto, margine rentrali vix con-
tracto ; latere antico brevitlsculo, distanter et tenuiler
svhconcentrice sulcata, suprd medium ad terminum
rotunde subacuminato.
The evening Y'oldia. Shell ovate-subrhomboidal, thin,
subcompressed, smooth, whitish, posterior side a
little the longer, a little attenuated, compressed,
not sulcated, cuneate above with an obscure rib,
lunule elongated, distinct, compressed, a little
flattened in the middle, apex acute, ventral mar-
gin a very little contracted ; anterior side rather
short, distantly and finely concentrically sulcated ;
roundly acuminated at the end above the middle.
A. Adams. Proc. Zocl. Soc, 1856, p. CO.

February

Hab. Borneo.

The posterior side forms an oblique triangle, wl
surface is free from the fine sulci which traverse
middle and anterior.

Species 6. (Mus. Brit.)

Yoldia Nicoharica. Yol. testd roseo-subaurantia,
ovatd, solidd, sidmquilaterali, latere postico sub-
altenuato, superne acuminalo, Icevigato, depresso,
lunuld disiincta, eariniformi ; latere antico sub-
injlato, paidb longiilsculo, lain, ad terminum ro-
lundo, striis minimis oblique concentricis scidplis.
The Nicobai! Yoldia. Shell rather orange-pink,
ovate solid, subffiquilateral ; posterior .side a little
attenuated, acuminated above, smooth, keel-
shaped ; anterior side rather inflated, a little
longer, wide, rounded at the end, sculptured with
very small obliquely concentric striae
Chemnitz. Conch., vii., PI. 194,/. .J41. "Area lajvigata

pellucida Nicobariea."
Ilab. Nicobar Island.

The anterior side is a very little longer than the
posterior, which latter is a little pointed, and is desti-
tute of the close stria; by which the anterior is
sculptured.

Species 7. (Mus. Brit.)

YciLDiA LEPiDULA. Yol. testd ovato-suhrhomhoided,
partim striata albo-lutescenti ; latere postico paulo
longiore, s^tpra subacuminato, infrh oblique sub-
truncato, Icevigato, lunuld compressd, distinctd,
elongold ; latere antico breviore, striato, ad termi-
num vix acuminato.

The smart little Y'oldia. Shell ovate, subrhomboi-
dal, partly sti-iated, yellowish white ; posterior
side a little longer, slightly acuminated above,
obliquely subtruncated beneath, smooth, lunule
compressed, distinct, elongated ; anterior side
shorter, striated, very little acuminated at the end.

A. Adams. {Yoldia.) Proc. Zool. Soc, 185G, p. 50.

Hctb. Borneo.

, 1871.

yOLDIA.— Plate II.

Species 8. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

YuLDiA Japonica. Yol testa suhovatd, suha-quilateraU,

pallidd; latere postieo longimcido, subarcualo,

suhacuminato, manjine dorsali depresso, lunula

angusld acute definila ; margine ventrali medio

recliksculo, utrinque valde sursuvi acclivi ; latere

antico breviusculo, subacuminatim in-odiicto.

Tm; Jai'an Yiildia. Shell subovate, subffiquilateral,

pale ; posterior side a little longer, a little arclied,

subacuminate ; dorsal margin depressed, lunula

narrow, sharply defined ; ventral margin nearly

straight in the middle, much sloped upwards at

both ends; anterior side rather shorter, subacu-

minately produced.

Adams and Reeve (Xucula). Zool. Samaraug, Mol-

lusca, 75, PL 21,/ 9.
Nah. Japan.

This .*;peci
ends.

iarlv curved upwards

Species 9. (Fig. a, b, '

5rit.)

DiA Myaus. YoL testa ovatd, valde incequilalerali,
lata, convexd, epidermide fusco, nitido, olivaceo,
zonis saturatioribus indutd, latere postieo breve,
acuminato, area dorsali imjiressd, hand circum-
scripCd, inargine dorsali declivi, depresso, ad ter-
minum breviter trtincato, margine ventrali arcuatim,
siirs-um acclivi; latere antico producto, versus
teriiiimim subattemuxlo.

Myal's Yoldia. Shell ovate, very inequilateral,
broad, convex, covered with a brown, shining,
olivaceous epidermis with deeper bands, posterior
side short, acuminated, dorsal area impressed not
defined ; margin sloped, with a short truncation
at the end ; ventral margin sloped upwards in a
curve ; anterior side produced, a little attenuate
towards the end.

CouTHOY {Nucula). Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., ii. p. G2.
PI. 3,/. 219.

Ilab. Singapore. Philippine Islands.

Species 10. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)

Yoldia outusa. Yol. testa oblongd, compressd, valde
inwquilaterali ; epidermide nitenti oUvaceo-lutes-
centi indutd ; latere postieo brevi, retuso, termino
elevato, subacuminato, margine vetitrali prope
term'mum acclivi, vix conlracto : latere antico
elongato.

The obtuse Yoldia. Shell oblong, compressed, very
inequilateral, covered with a shining yellowish-
olive epidermis; posterior side short, retuse, with
the end elevated, subacumiiiated, ventral margin
sloped upward, scarcely contracted, anterior side
elongated.

SoWEfiBY.

Hab. ?

More narrow in iirojiortion to its length than Yoldia
Myalls ; the posterior side still shorter and narrower
than in that species, with the end less truncated.

Yviduti'i.ni

m

V.nupnt.Br-K.fclV

Y 0 L D I A

Species 11. (Mns. Brit.)

Yoi.DiA LASCEni.AT.\. Yot. testd crassd, subventi-icosd,
ohlongo-suhlaiiceolald, siibcompressd, sidcis arniatis
ohliquis, s^didistantihus antice et medio sculptd,
epidf.rmide valido indiitd ; latere pontico brevius-
ciilo, margine dorsali declivi, termino late truncato,
ared rostrali Icengatd, leviter radkitim angulnlA ;
latere antico ad tenninum rotimdo.
The lanceolate Yoldia. Shell thick, .siibventvicose,
oblong-sublanceolate, subconipressed, scul[)tured
with curved, oblique, rather distant sulci in front
and in the middle, covered with a strong epider-
mis; posterior side rather short, dorsal margin
sloped, end widely truncated, rostral area smooth,
slightly radiately angular; anterior side rounded
at the end.
SowEuiiY. Mineral Conchology, Plate IMI. f. 1. (lbs.sil).
Nucula arctica, Broderip and Sowerby.
Nueida ceolira, Valenciennes.
flab. Kamtschatka.

The Xucula lanceolata of the Conchological Illus-
trations, now Lada SowerUana of D'Orbigny, is quite
a distinct shell from this, which was first figured and
described from a fossil specimen.

Spuaes 12. (Fig. a, h, Mut^. Brit.)
Yoldia ulacialis. Yol. testd obhmgo-suhqiiadratd,
tenui, ventricosd, epidermide olivaceo aut fusco-
nigricanti hidutd ; latere poslico late angulato,
mperne acuminato, margine ventrali ad tej-minum
oblique truncato; margine dorsali mbconcavo,
depresso ; umbonibus rotundis, elevatis, margine
ventrali medio rectiugculo : latere antico brevi.
subrotundo.
The glacial Yoldia. Shell oblong-subquadrate,
thin, ventricose, covered with an olive or blackish-
brown epidermis ; posterior side widely angular,

acuminated above, ventral margin obli'
truncated at the end, dorsal margin slightly
cave, depressed ; umboes rounded, rie\
ventral margin rather straight in the m\i
anterior side short, rather rounded.

(Jhav. Annals of Philosophy, ISS.i.

Nucula truncata. Brown.

Xucnia Portlandica, IlitclicocU.

Xucuhi siliqua, Reeve.

!/(d). Arctic Ocean.

Spr.'ies l:;. (.Mns. Bvit.l
[ATl'LA. Yul. leistd oblungo-lanceolatii, co

prefxd, epidermide IcFvujato, olivaceo indutd ; latere
postico subarciiato, subrostrato, margine dorsali
depresso, ared defnitd, termino truncato ; margine
ventrali sumilm acclivi ; umbonibus lumd promi-
nentibus, margine ventrali wqualifer ronvexo :
latere antico subrotundo.

The polished Yoldia. Shell oblong-lanceolate, com-
pressed, covered with a smooth olive-green epider-
mis ; posterior side a little arched, subrostrated.
dorsal margin depressed, with defined area,
end truncated; ventral nun-gin slop. , I iip\\:iiils;
uniboe.s not prominent, ventral iiiarLnn i'.|ually
convex ; anterior side ratlin- rnunded.

Sav. (Xucula) Amer. Conch.. ]il. \'>.

//lib. Maine and Jlas.sachusetts.

Species 14. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
Yoldia .MicncA. Yol. testd, compressd, ohlougo-lancro-
latd, nitenti, olivaceo, fusco coneentrici' sirigatd ;
latere postico subaltenuato, margine dor.tali
depresso, ared cou.vexitiscidd, defiuitd, imtrijine
centralt suhito acclivi, termino trvncnto : latere
antico ad marginem ventralem sinuolo : luuulii
convexd vix definitd.

Lsn.

yOLDIA.— Plate III.

Thk arctic You)ia. Shell compressed, oblong-
liinceolato, shining, olivaceous, concentrically
striped with brown ; posterior side a little atte-
nuated, dorsal margin depressed, area a little
convex, defined, ventral margin suddenly sloped
upwards, end truncated ; anterior side sinuated at
the ventral margin; lunulo convex, scarcely
defined.

Quay. (Nucula) Parry's Voyage, Appendix, p. 2-1].

Nucula eascoensis, Migha;ls.

Nucula Myalis, Hanley.

Yoldia Hyperhorea, Tor.-ll.

Hiib. Spitzbergen.

Siiccies 1.'). (Mus. .' copied.)

Yoldia obe.sa. Yot. testd ventricosd, lata, snbovatd,

kvvigatd ; latere postico majuscido, late truncato ;

margiite ventrali levitcr cnnrexo : latere antica

breriusculo, rotundv.
The oiiEsi: Yoldia. Shell veutricose, broad, subovate,

smooth ; jx)sterior side rather the larger, widely

truncated ; ventral margin slightly convex ;

anterior side rather short, rounded.
Stimpson. Shells of New England.
Hah. North America.

I do not observe any specimen of this in the Britisli
Museum.

^cldia Fl.IV

^

(a

Sowerby.del.eL

VincenlBrooks.Day (t Son.lmp,

Y C) L I) 1 A.

IV

(Mus. Tc

copied.)

Yui-DIA FiiiGiDA. Yol. testa breviter ovato-suhrotiiniU'i,
minulA, tenul, stramined, nitidd, concent rice striald :
latere postico angvlato, post angidum late truncato,
inargine dorsali brevisdmo, cuneato, convexe S7ib-
arcuato ; unibonibus elevatis, mari/iTie ventrali semi-
lunari : latere anltco subrotiintlo, margine dorsali
declivi.

Thk kiiigid Ynr.DiA. Slicll shorllv r:itlicr riiumleil
ovate, minute, thin, straw-coloured, sliiiiiiig, con-
centrically striated ; posterior side angular, widely
truncate behind tlie angle, dorsal margin very
short, cuneate, convexly slightly arched ; uniboes
elevated, ventral margin semilunar ; anterior side
somewhat rotmded, dorsal margin sloped.

ToRELi.. Spitzbergen Molhisca. ].. ] ix, ]>1. i. i. :'>.

Hah. Spitzbergen.

This little shell is the most orbiculiw in f'ni-ni i>('

all the species.

SjK'cies 17. (Mus Hrit.)

YoLDi.v LUCIDA. Yol. tcstd parvd , oratd, len.ui, Icevi-
ijatd, subuentrlcosd, subcequilaterali, semipellucidd,
pallide stramined, slrigis concentricis cteruleis fas-
ciatd ; latere postico subacurninato. ared (hirsali
depressd, viv definitd : latere anlico subrotiindo,
margine dorscdi declivi.

The hx-id Yoldia. Shell small, ovate, thin, smootli,
subventricose, subequilateral, seniipellucid, pale
straw, banded with concentric bluish stripes:
posterior side slightly acuminated, dors<il area
depressed, very little defined ; anterior side some-
what roimded, dorsal margin sloped,

LovEN. Index Moll. Scandinav., p, 34.

Hob. North Europe.

Species is. (Mus. Brit.)
YoLiiiA SAi'OTii.i.A. Yol. testd ovatd, laid, coinpre
nitenti. oliniced, Murqiw; ffiitrali seiniluiin

latere postico breviiisculo, swmm subcrcuato, acu-
miiutlo, margine dorsali depresso, ared definitd,

TllK SOAPY Y'OLDIA. Shell ovate, broad, compressed-
shining, olive, ventral margin semilunar ; posterior
side rather short, slightly arched upwards, acumi-
nated, dorsal margin depressed, area defined.

(ioL'Lli, Invertebrata of Massachusetts, )>. KKI. I'. (11.

Hob. Massiichusetts.

es i- Yoldia ar<:tic„,

Tlic nearest ally of thi

aeeper, anc

the ventral margi

rularlv

Species 111. (Fig. a. b, .\Ius. Brit.)

Yni.iuA cyc;.m.i;a. Yol. testd parvd, teuui, rentnconis-
si/ad, oiivaceo- fused, Icevigatd ; latere postico siib-
atlcHuato, ad terminum rotundato : uiid)onibus
rotiiiidatis. elevatis, margine ventrali coiivexo :
lali-re aiitico breviii>tcuIo, margine dorsali declivi.

Tmk PViniY Y.pi.i.iA. Shell small, thin, very venfricosc.

attenuated, rounded at the end: uml.ocs rounded,
elevated, ventral margin convex : anterior <idi-
rather short, dor.sal margin slojied.

Mi-xsTEi!. (Nucula) Philijipi Moll. Sic. (fo.ssil.)

La-da lenticulus, Muller.

Lceda tenuis, Jeffreys.

Hab. Britain. N. Europe.

This minute shell is mori' ventricose, and has larger

umboes than Yoldia lucida.

Species 20. (Fig. a, h. Mus. Brit.)

Yoi.iiiA Japoxica. Yol. testd oblongd, subarcuatd, pal-
lidd. la-vigatd : latere postico angustiori, supernr
ubfri.sr'iicumiiiato, margine ventrali subito sursitm
(i,r/,rl. Ni'irt/iiif- dor.'iali depresso, ared impressd
d'-p'iiit'i : liilrri' antico stdjrotundo, margine dor.inii
declivi.

I'llK Jai'AX Yoldia. Shell oblong, u little arched,
pale, smooth ; posterior side narrower, obtusely
acuminated above ; ventral margin suddenly
sloped upwards ; dorsal margin depressed, im-
pressed area defined ; anterior side roundish,
dorsal margin sloped.

Adams and Reeve. Zool. Samarang. Mol, 7.5, pi. 21,
f. 9.

Ilah. Japan.

Sjtecies 21. (Fig. a, b, Mus. ? copied.)

Yoldia eetusa. Yol. testd parvd, alM, suhventricoKl,

nquilaterali ; hctere poslico sursum arcuato, mar-
ijine terininali svb-truncato, margine dorsali de-
presso, concavo. tnaiyine ventrali valde convexo.

Tin: RETUSE YoLuiA. Shell small, white, subventri-
cose, equilateral ; posterior side curved upwards,
terminal margin subtruncated, dorsal margin de-
pressed, concave, ventral margin very convex.

Hinds. (Nucula) Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 9'.).

Hah. Straits of Malacca. Philippines.

A very small white shell with a slight upward
curve.

Yvldu, PL V.

m

o>

^

%

O

VmcptiL Brooks .Day it i

Y 0 L D I A.

Figs. 10, b, a smnll palli.i vari.-iy of V,.i,i.ia Oiuisa,
.So(c//., see Plate II.

Species 22. (AIus. .'copied.)

Y0LD1.\ AHY.S.SICOL.-i. Yol. tesid Jll.-^r,). jnirn't. i.rillo-.^lil,-

Irifjond; latere post ico mhuniiiiiii^it>i. inh/nlnlc. dini
postaiiffiilari depressd, tcrmino Innndto, maiyiiu
(lorsali declivi ; umlionihiis aciiminatim elevalh ;
nmrijine ventrali semihiiiari, latiie niitico hirmiK-
niiv, rotundo.

Tm: DEti'-.sE.\ YoLDiA. Sliell lirowji, .Muall, ovale-sub-
trigoual; posterior side suliaiiiiniiiate, angular,
postangiilar area depressed, end truncated, dorsal
margin sloped; iiniboes aeiiniinatoly elevated;
ventral margin semilunar, anterior side rather
short, rounded.

TuHELL. Spitzbergeti Moil., p. H'.l. |)l. 1. I'. 4.

Species 23. (Fig. a, //, Mus. Brit.)

YoLDlA SPLENDim-I.A. Vol. tist<1 lililliiti'l, sillHinilil
Iffvu/nfa, parril, iiitenti,fii!'rii.< rmu-ntlrifi^ ^IriiinWi .
latere poslicn declivi, truncatn. piaducto ; tuti'n
aiitiro breviilsculo, marr/itw dnivnli declivi.

The splendid Yoldia. Shell minute, suliovate, sniootli
small, shining, striped with eoneentrie band.::
posterior side sloped, truncated, produced ; an-
terior side rather short, dorsal margin sloped.

A. Adams. MS. in Cum. Coll.

Hah. ?

A pretty little species, more trigonal and le.ss curvec

upwards than Yoldia lucida.

rsin .-.loped, umbnes

Species 24. (Mus. Brit.j

Y'OLDIA ABBREVIATA. Yol. te.«td ilia></Uidit,r .1ld_/lri(/0!ld,

compressd, lata, hra:i, /a'ri,/,itd ,- lat,-re pogtiro
brevi, subacuiiiiiiato, uianjiiu il,„:-^,i/i ralde declivi,
area definitd ; termin,, truncato .- latere antico oblique
subrotundato, maryine dor.<idi decliri, umbauibiis
elevatis.
The abbrevi.wed Y'oldia. Shell inequilateral, subtri-
gonal, compressed, broad, short, smooth ; jiosterior
side short, subaeuminated, dorsal mar<rin nuieli

obliquely snliroti

elevated.
So\vi:i!iiV.

/lah. Falkland Island
'I'his shell seems t.

S]jecies 25. (Fig. '/. //, .Mus. 'I'aylor.)
YoLlilA LAIUATA. Yal. te.<td s,dda„re„h,t,i, teiuii. sic,
mined, nitenti, co,npre.<.<d, „n,/io nidialiiii i,„i.<al-
ratd : lat.re pnslic,> s,ih,ic,imi ,iata, mm/ine reutra/i
siirsiiiii aecliri. tiniiiiii' li-imrafn, iiianjiiti doi-sali
compre.^.-^o.coiin.ci labials : lal, n ,iiiJir„ snhrot„„dn.
inargine dors(di sid/coiiipee.t.<i'. ciiiirej-c.
The LIITK:. YoM.ia. Shell a liltle lan,v,,iatr, thin,

straw-coloured, shining. ipirs.. ,1. uitli a radi.at

ingsulcusin the middle: po-hin.i- side subacunii-
iiated, ventral margin sloped u|iuards, end trun-
cated, dorsal margin compressed, conve.xly lijiped ;
anterior .side a little rounded, dor.sal margin sub-
compres.sed, convex.

sloped, area defined

truncate

•side

//„/;. .>

This species is distinguished by thr soniewhal c
ve.x prominence of the dorsal margin, and I think y
that the radiating groove in the centre of each vahi
.so exactly alike in the only two specimens I have s(
as to discredit the idea of its being accidental.

Species 2 (J. (Mus. Brit.)

Yoldia Eightsi. Yol. te.^td „vatd. lata, rm.<.-!d, epid.r-
mide vlivar,,.-ni./nsr.„t; hre!,,at„ iialald, i, u,,ih I la-
teral i : lat.n ,,..si;.i, /.r.ri, „ht,i.<i trm<rat.,. „n,r;inn'
dorsali nmcar,^-d.pr,.<.--a. and d./iiatd: umb.iiila,.-.
subretrords, margine rentndi .<' miln mild : lat,rr
antico prodiicto, mare/ine dorsali ci.iin .i-i,-d,rliri.

EiGHr's Y'oLDLA. Shell ovate, broad, thick, covered
with a blackish olive smooth epidermis, ineipiila-
teral, posterior side short, obtusely truncated,
dorsal margin concave-depressed, area defined ;
umbops turned .slichtlv backwards; ventral marain

YOLDIA.

seiiiilunar; anterior side ]iroduced, dorsal margin

L'onvexly sloped.
Cm riio\. -lay's Catalogue of Shells.
nab. Slictland Islands.

Species -27. (Mus. ? copied.)

Y()Ll)i.\ SULCIFERA. Yot. testd inwi'd, stramined, suh-
oL-atd, costellis pavcis mtunrlin covrrntriris liratd :
lotere posiico acwnituiin. >iiiin/iiii' rjorsali i/i'presso,
area kevigatd ; latere tmlira i-uiiiiiJu.
'I'm i.cnovEl) YoLDl.'i. Shell small, straw-coloured,
-iiliovate, ridged with lew rounded concentric
rilis; jiosterior side acuminated, dorsal margin
(Iciiri'sscd. area smooth : anterior .side rounded.

Kki.m. 1

llah.

This
any spec

Vov;

ige. p.

es iH. ( Mns
Y„l. trstd or,,.

Deka

YoLiiiA (idin.iui. Ye/. Iistd oriito-fiihlriiiniu), stramined,

lata, bi-ici, fiiliiTi/iiiliih i-iili. tjiiiiiUr raiiceiitrice

I riKjutd ; lati'n- postiii' uiniiihiti), run, uto. and post-

arij/iihiri aiiijiistd, dccliri , luti'rr itntivo /ir, ri, inib-

rotundo, margine dorsall snlirainTiVd.

Gould's Y'oldi.^. Shell ovate-subtrigonal, straw-
coloured, broad, short, sube(iuilateral, finely con-
centi-ically wrinkled; posterior side angular,
cuneate, postangular area narrow, sloped, rather
rounded, dorsal margin rather concave.

Dekay. (Nucitla) New York Mollusca, ]>. KSd, I'. L'21.

Hah. North America.

Of a
species.

;ubtri

mactra

ike

Y 0 L 1) I A.

Plate. SpcciK. Plate, Spocics.

abbreviata, 5f)i(vr/,// V. 2A hicida, Love n IV. 17

nhyssicola, Torell V. 22 .UaZ/eria, Cv.iy I. 1

aolwa, Valenciennes III. 11 .Myalis, <'<<«///(/// II. '.»

amygdala, Fafeic 1. - .1///,,/,.-, ll;,nKy III. 14

annularis, Mollev 1. 1 .NicLarica, CV,ew»//.- II. r.

ircfo;. Brotlerij) 111. M ul)esa, .s7/m/).^.-;( III. lf>

arctica, (rm/y 111. 14 o\iU\a:x. ^mrirh'/ li It'

Casroensis, Mighxh 111. II /■oi t/a„(/iai, MitcU-xK-k 111. 12

Eights!, Co!/(% V. 2i; pygnia'a, J/«».s'/<'r IV. I'J

iVigida, Torell IV. l(i .vtu.-:^a, ////(-/.v IV. 21

glacialis, 0V«(/ 111. 12 sapotilla, G'o»A/ IV. l.s

Gouldii, Z>etey V. 2.S serotina, .4. Atlaias II. b

hype rborea, ToreW 111. 14 .v/Z/y^/a, Kccve III. 12

J dimmcii, Ad. and A'ceve 11. 'S s[il,ii,li,!ul,i. .1. .l(/(»M.i' V. 2.'!

Japoniai, Ad. and Jleece IV. 20 >iilrili-ra, ('<'/////('// \'. 24

lahinta, Sotcerby V. ■_'.") sulcil'cra. A'cM'f V. 27

hinceohta, Sowerbi/, J III. 11 iriiL-lla, ///«(/« II. 4

laternaria, Yahncienncs I. I li iiiii.-<. .]f(frrys IV. I'.i

leiiticuliis,UuU IV. Ill 'riii-.HiiL4oriui.s, ,S'^/r/r I. I

lepidula, ^. ^f/a»<.v II. 7 tnn,r.,la. ]h-o\yu 111. 12

limatula, 6'ay 111. l;i Wooihvanli, 7/o/(% I. 2

MONOGRAPH

OK TllK GENL>

h MD A.

' TliP ample sea, in whose unfatiiom'J det'ii
Imumieralile sorts of creatures ciet'[)." — Oeor(/e Snin/i/x

LmiaFl.L

i(r '' ■*rTt

"^rr^

Sirwei-hy, del otlitK,

nco;;LBr;ate,J.iy^.i

L /E D A.

Gcrjus I, .EDA, Schumacher.
Testa bimu.sciilvsti, (equivalvis, oblonga, plus minusve
euneifonnis, clausa, postice producta et attenuata,
iiitiis nacrea ; margine cardinaii angulato, dentibus
iitrinque mimerosis, acutif ; Ugamento interno.
Shell himuscular, cquivalve, oblong, more or less cunei
form, closed, produced and attenuated posteriorly,
pearly within ; hinge margin angular, teeth nume-
rous and acute on both sides; ligaments internal.
Genus Lembiiliis, Itisso.
The shells of this genus are fairly enough dis-
tinguishable from those of the genus XucfLA on one
hand and from the Yoldi.e on the other ; from tin-
former by the angular production of the hinder side of
the shell, and from the latter in having the shell closed
all round, and the hinder part being uttonunted and
beaked, which Ynldia is not.

The very elongate and lanceolate forms such as
elongata and tellinoides have been separated under
the name Adr.\nco as presenting an a]ipearance not
much akin to such shells as Lceda j)ermda and Lceda
pulita, but in such species as Lceda decora and Lceda
polita we observe a manifest gradation between the
two groups.

L^D.*, like its generic ally, may be reckoned among
the most widely distributed genera, considering the
comparatively small number of its species, which are
foinid not only in northern seas such as those coasting
Siberia and Great Britain, but in Australia in the
south, and from the Cape of Good Hojic upwards.
Some are found in Japan and others in the West

Species 1. (Fig. a, b. Mus. Brit.j
Lm)A SowERBYAN.\. Lced. testA, elongata, cleganto.r
laiiceo/atd, compressd, subcequilaterali, ulbidd, semi-
pellucidd, oblique striata, vtrinque
medio depressd, margine dur.^ali
ared compressd marginato : im
nlrinque versiis teniuiius concncu,
terniiiio autico subtrunratd. jmstico

Noveml 'e

cute rostratd,
trinqiie recto,
line rentrali
edio convexo ;
ubacuminato.

rEUiiv's L.EfiA. Shell elongated, elegantly lanceo-
late, compressed, subequilateral, whitish, semi-
pellucid, obliquely striated, acutely rostrated at
both ends, depressed in the middle ; dorsal margiu
sn-aight, on both sides bordered with a compressed
area; ventral margin concave on each side to-
wards the ends, conve.x in the middle ; anterior
termination subtruncated, posterior subacumi-

nafccl.
D'OiiBKiNY, as per Ilanley.

Thesaurus. La^da. No.
Xiicula lancailatii. Sowerby i

nor Lamarck.
Xucida ehitigala. Valencieni;
Hub. Xipi.xapi.

Of a more elegantly lance
than Lwda elongata.

Nuculida> in Sowerliy'

d attenuated form

Species 2. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

LiED.\ Ki,ECT.\. LcBd. tcstd soUdmsculd, elongato-lancto-
latd, .-tiibcequilateralis, compressd, ■dbidd, aliliqui-
striatd, utnnquc rostratd, rostra /I'lslica tiin/iildtu.
oblique truncato, margine crentdulo. una ilui.<ali
depressd, leviter arcuatd.

The chosen LiED.\. Shell rather M.lid, elongat;.!-
lanceolate, subequilateral, compressed, whitisli.
obliquely striated, rostrated at each end, posterior
rostrum angular, obliquely truncated, margin
cronulated, dorsal area depres.sed, slightly arched.

A. .Vdams. Proc. Zool. Soc, I806, \>. 48.

Hab. Santos, Brazil.

Sjiecies 3.

(Fig. «. b, Mus. Bri

t. )

\ GLOf.loSA. Lcgi

. Iistd oblongo-lance

olald.

^„lidilL<r„l,i, in

rijiiibiterali i latere

pasti,

cniiato. ilunqtiti'

,:,,„ijiresso, rostrato,

ad te

subiotiimlafo; 1
id nianiinem do

ituv antico rentriro
Siilein Cvnrt-ntrii-r rm/

... /.(/

itn.

LiEDA.— Plate I.

The glorious L^da. Shell oblong-luuceolate, whitish,
rather solid, inequilateral ; posterior side at-
tenuated, elongated, compressed, rostrated, rather
rounded at the end, concentrically wrinkled at
dorsal margin.
A. Adams. (Yoldia) Proc. Zool. Soc, 1856, p. 226.
Hah. Singapore.

With the general form of the lanceolate group this
species combines a certain inequality of sides, the
posterior being elongated and tapering, and tlie an-
terior swelled and broad.

Species 4. (Mus. Brit.)
L.fflDA ELONGATA. Lced. tcstd lanccolatd, cmnpressd, suh-
cequilaierali, oblique siriatd, epidennide valido in-

diild, utrinqm subrostratd, rostris obtusis, murcjine
ventrali prope terminos vix concavo ; margine dor-
sali titrinque recto, areis dorsalibus lcevi</atis siib-
depressis.

The elong.\ted LjE1)A. Shell lauL-eolate, compressed,
subequilateral, obli(juely striated, covered with a
strong epidermis, subrostrated at each end ; beaks
obtuse, ventral margin scarcely concave near the
ends ; dorsal margin straight on both sides : dorsal
areas smooth, subdepressed.

Sowerby. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1832, p. 197.

Hah. Salango, West Culumbia.

Tlie concavity in the ventral margin is not nearly so
conspicuous in this species as in the more giacefully-
formed Loeda Soivei-biunu.

Livda Pl.II.

Sowerby ael et, lith

cer.t;:-;Dk:; r..;yi.Son.I

L ^ D A,

Species 5. (Fig. a, I, c, Mns. Sowerby. )
L.KPA TERNULA. Lced. tcstd oMongd, rostratd, crassd,
iilivaced, striis elevatis concentricis numerom, medio
densioi-ibus, antice radiatim mtemiptis sculptd ;
latere postico siibarntatim rostrato, nhfmre hicos-
tato, ad tcrmimim breriler tnincato, niargine dormli
depresso, ared drcuviscriptd ; medio inflate, apice
obtuse; latere postico breviitsciilo, obscure univa-
diato, mibaciiminatim rntvndato.

The little perna Ljeva. Shell oblong, rostrate, thick,
olivaceous, sculptured with numerous raised con-
centric strias, more dense in the middle and
slightly interrupted anteriorly; posterior side ros-
trated with a slight curve, with two obscure ribs,
shortly trimcated at the end, dorsal margin de-
pressed, area circumscribed, inflated in the middle,
apex obtuse ; posterior side rather short, with an
obscure ray, subacuminately rounded.

MiiLLER (Area). Beschiift. Naturf. Berlin, iv. 5."), o?.

A rca fluciatilis. Schroeter.

Area Martini. Chemnitz.

Nucida elomjata. Dandin.

Lada macileiita. Steenstrup.

Ilab. Boreal Seas.

Th(

ihorter variety is also generally sn

Dth.

Species 0. (Fig. a, b., Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

L.EI1A c^LATA. Lad. testd ovato-acuminatd, olivaccd,
oblique subconcentrice sulcata ; latere postico
breviore, rostrato, acuminata, unicostato, ad ter-
minum Irevissime trunrato, marrjine dorsali de-
presso, decliri, ared planulutd, latd ; latere antico
prodncto, ad termimnn rotunda.

The ENGRAVED L.EDA. Shell ovately acuminated, olive,
obliquely subconcentric.illy sulcated ; posterior
side shorter, rostrated, acuminated, with a single
rib, very shortly truncated at the end, dorsal
margin depressed, sloped downwards, area flat-
tened, broad ; anterior side produced, rounded at
the end.

Hinds. (Nucula). Proc. Zool. Soc, 184;'!. p.
Hab. California.

The striae are not absolutely concentric,
little downwards towards the hinder end.

Species 7. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

L.4:i)A BUCCATA. Laid, testd crassd, latd, oblongo, sub-
arcuato, subconcentricS,sulcatd, inwquilaterali; latere
postico subattcnuato, rostrato, obscurissime bicostato,
costis IcBvigatis, ad terminum oblique truncato ; latere
antico breviilsmlo, itifbito, subrotundo.

The I!L0WN-()UT L.ei)A. Shell thick, broad, oblong,
somewhat arched, nearly concentrically sulcated,
inajquilateral ; posterior side rather attenuated,
beaked, with two very obscure smooth ribs,
obliquely truncated at the end; anterior side
rather short, inflated, rather rounded.

Steenstkup, in MiiUer Fauna Grcenlandica.

llab. Greenland.

Strongly resembling Lwdn pet
more inflated, and deeper shell.

da, but a stoutei

■ipecies 8. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)

[DATA. lyceda testd subi-hombiuUed, ot
flatd, solidd, albd, inaquilaterali, late

L^DA BICU!

tonga,

postico oblongo, subailenuato, angulato, ad an-
gulum subexcavato et spinoso, post angvlum ared
excavatd, ad terminum emarginatd, supra aream
ad marginem dorsalem hicarinato, carinis spinosis ;
medio oblique sulcato ; latere postico bicostato, inter
costas et ad marginem terminalem excentrice sulcato.
The two-pointed Ljeda. Shell subrhomboidal, oblong,
inflated, solid, white, inajquilateral, posterior side
oblong, a little attenuated, angulated, subexcavated
and spinose at the angle, with an excavated area
behind the angle, emarginated at the end ; above
the area at the dorsal margin two-keeled, keels
spinose ; middle obliquely sulcated, ])Osterior side
two-ribbed, between the ribs and at the terminal
margin excentrically sulcated.

February, 1871.

LiEDA.— Plate II.

Gdvut (Nucula). Boston Journal of Natural History.
Lieda largillierti, Philippi.
Lcnda peicifera, A. Adams.

The sculpture of this little Lseda is exquisite.

Species 9. (Mus. Sowerby.)
L^DA DissiMiLls. L(Bd. testd alhidd, ovatd, temdter suh-
concenirice sulcatd, svbcBquilaterali, subarcuatd,
cequaliter inflatd; latere postico acuminata, vix
costato, margine dorsali depresso, ared circumsenptd ;
margine ventrali scmtbinari ; latire antiro sub-
rotinido.

The dissimilai: L^iia. Shell whitish, ovate, finely sub-
concentrically sulcated, subajquilateral, a little
arched, equally inflated; posterior side acuminated,
scarcely costated, dorsal margin depressed, with
circiimscribed area ; ventral margin semilunar ;
anterior side rather rounded.

SoWERBY.

Hab. ?

The comparison for this species is in Lada calata,
but our shell is more ovate, more evenly ventricose,
more pointed, less beaked, and not rilibed.

Ifcda Fl III.

Sow erby . del et htli

Vincent Brooks Day & Son.lTnp

L .E D A.

Species 10. (Mas. lirit.)

L^DA TENUicosTATA. Lmd. lestd cuneiformi, ohlongd,
rostratd, angustald, latere antico hrevi, margine
dorsali kevlgato, medio costetlato marghie ventrali
leviler arcuato ; latere poslico eloiigato, angustato,
ared dorsali depressd, hrvigald, termino rostralo,
iruncato.

The fini;-i'.ii!Iikd L.eda. Slitll cuiicitbnn, ublouj:,
rostrated, narrowed, anterior side short, -with
smooth dorsal margin ; middle costellated
ventral margin slightly arched ; posterior side
elongated, narrow, with depressed smooth dorsal
margin, end rostrated, truncate.

CouTHOT. Bod. Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. ii. G4, pi. 18,
f. Ifi.

Nuciila minuta, Goidd (not Fabricius).

Uah. N. America.

Resembling Lceda Ft-rnnla in form, but tinely ribbed
in the central area.

Species 12. (Mi

.■,t.)

Species 11. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

L^DA MisuTA. Lced. tesid hrevi, crafsd, ventricosd,
epidermide crasso obscure olivaceo indutd, tenuiter
liratd ; latere antico hreviusculo, liris magis co»j-
spicuis ; latere poslico suhrostrato, truncato, ared
dorsali latd, plana, circumscriptd.

The minute L.i:da. Shell short, thick, ventricose,
covered with a thick dull olive epidermis, finely
ridged ; anterior side rather short with the ridges
more prominent ; posterior side somewhat beaked,
truncated, dorsal area wide, tlat, circuniscrlljed.

MuLLEi;. Zool. Dauic. 298.5.

3Iya Greenlandica, Chemn.

Nucula parva, Sows.

Nucula complanala, Muller.

Hab. Greenland.

L^DA Patagonica. Lced. testd elongato-angustatd, ros-
tratd, arcuatd, valde compressd, pallide subjtavido-
rosed, longittulinaliter striatd, subcequildlerali ;
latere antico rotundo-acuminato, margine dorsali
elevato : latere postico rostrato, ad terniinum oblique
truncato, margine dorsali arcualim deprenso :
margine ventrali cequaliter arcuato.

The Patagonian L^eda. Shell elongately-narrowed,
beaked, arched, much compressed, pale yellowisli
rose, longitudinally striated, nearly equilateral ;
anterior side roundly acuminated, with dorsal
margin elevated, posterior side beaked, with dorsal
margin depressed in a curve, ventral margin
equally arched.

D'OuBiGNY. Amer. Mcrid., p. 544, pi. 82.

Rab. West Indies.

I cannot concur with Mr. ilanley in treating the

very different looking shells figured in Thesaurus Con-

chyliorum under this name, as the same species. I have

therefore separated his Fig. 51-2, under the title of Z.

planulata.

Species 13. (Mus. Brit.)

LJEVk DECORA. Zcerf. testd solidd, subcomj^ressd, sub-
anguste ohlongo-rostratd, albidd, liris tenuibus
concentricis sculpid ; latere antico hreviusculo,
liris magis elevatis ; latere antico rostrato, hiangu-
lato, ad terminum acuminatim truncato, margine
dorsali crenato, ared depressd planulatd mar-
ginato ; margine ventrali medio rectiusculo.

The decorous L^da. Shell solid, subcompressed,
rather narrowly oblong-rostrated ; rather white,
sculptured with fine concentric ridges; anterior
side beaked, biangulated, acuminately truncated

September, 1871.

L^DA.— Plate III.

at tho end, dorsal margin crennted, bordered with
a flat depressed area; ventral margin rather
straight in the middle.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. See, 1856, p. 50.

Hah. AVest Indies.

A mucli more tumid and solid shell than L.

which it slightly resembles.

n7«

Species 14. (Mus. Brit.)

L;eda tellixoides. Lend, tcstd late lanceolatd, alhd,
valde compressd, siihcequilaterali, antice et medio
oblique et undulatim striata, utrinque subrostratd,
terminibus rotundatim acuminatis, 7nargine ventrali,
valde convexo, ve7-sus tei-minos excavato, marginc
dorsali rectivseulo, latere postico angustiuscvlo.

The Tellina-shaped L^da. Shell widely lanceolate,
white, much compressed, subequilateral, anteriorly
and in the centre obliquely and undulately striated,
subrostrated at each end, the ends roundly acu-
minated, ventral margin very convex, excavated
towards the ends ; dorsal margin rather straight,
posterior side rather narrow.

SowERBY. Genera of Shells, Tellina, fig. 2.

Jfal). Cumana.

Itemarkable for the very arched form of the ventral
margin in the centre.

Species 15. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

L.«DA CONCINNA. Lird. testd hmccolato-cuiieifurmi, •

pret-m, auicentrice lii-atd, c/iidi'mi/de corneo iiid

hdere antico hreviusado, marginc dorsali rectiusculo,
cuneato ; latere postico anguste rostrato, producto, ad
ttiininum anguste ti-uncato, rostra costellis vionili-
f(n-mibus duahis obliquis marginato.
The neat L.eda. Shell lanceolately cuneiform, com-
pressed, concentrically ridged, covered with a
horny epidermis ; anterior side rather short, dorsal
margin rather straight, cuneated ; posterior side
narrowly beaked, produced, narrowly truncated at
the end, beak bordered with two bead-like obliriue
little ribs.
A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 185G, p. 48.
Ilab. New Zealand.

IG. (Mus. Cum.

JjJEDk roLiTA. Lad. oblongo-pyriformi, IcBvigatd, per-
ohlique undulatim striata, epidermide polito viridi
indutd ; latere antico valde inflato, rotundo ; latere
postico cuneato, acuminato, angusto, rostrato, ad
rostrum hand striata, margine ventrali sursum
acclivi ; margine dorsnli depresso, marginihus siih-
ertctis.
The roLisnED L^da. Shell oljloiig-pyriform, smooth,
very obliquely, undulately striated ; covered with
polished green epidermis, anterior side much in-
ilated, rounded ; posterior side cuneate, acumi-
nated, narrow, beaked, not striated at the beak,
ventral margin sloped upwards, dorsal margin
depressed, with the margins rather erect.
SowERBY {XiKuh). Proc. Zool. Soc, 1832, p. 198.
Hab. Panama.

A very beautiful inflated pear-shaped species.

^^5X^

■"-^^ J^

Lada PIN.

Sowe.rby. del el, lith

Vincent Broois Day it Son.Imp.

LMJ) A,

Plate IV.

Species 17. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

L.«DA Tayloui. L(Bd. testd alba, lanceolaM, compressd,
tenui, fere omnino oblique striata ; latere antico
rostrato, ungusto, acuiniiiato, prnpe marginem dm-
salem conspicue lirato, margine dorsali rectiusculo,
margiiie ventrali versus terminiLm excavalo, medic
valde convexo ; latere postico longiusculo, margine
dorsedi leviter arciiato, mbdepresso., rix cremdata,
ad termiimm uciiminato, margine reiitrali ."ursiiin
accliri.

Taylor's L^da. Sliell vvliito, lanceolate, compressed,
tliin, nearly all over obliquely striated ; anterior side
beaked, nai-row, acuminated, conspicuously lirated
near the dorsal margin ; dorsal margin rather
straight; ventral margin excavated towards the
end, very convex in the middle ; posterior side
rather longer, with dorsal margin sligh.tly arclu^l,
rather depressed, scarcely crenulated, acuniinated
at the end, ventral margin sloped ii])\vards.

Haklet. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18C0.

Nucula lanceolata, Lamarck (not J. Sowcrby).

Ilab. Guatemala.

One of the thin lanceolate species, with the ventral

margin excavated at the anterior side.

Species 18. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)
LiEDA Metcalfel Lad. testd alba, tenui, lanceolafii,
cnrnpressd, oblique striatd ; latere antico subinflato,

brer,

ulo.

prope marginem conspicue rugato,

oblique depresso, margine ventrali convexo ; latere
2>ostico elongato, angusto, ad terminwn acnmiiiato,
ad angulim marginis dorsalis crenulato.

Metcalfe's L^da. Shell white, thin, lanceolate, com-
pressed, obliquely striated ; anterior side a little
inflated, rather short, near the margin conspicu-
ously wrinkled, obliquely depressed, with ventral
margin convex ; posterior side elongated, narrow,
acuminated at the end, crenulated at the angle of
the dorsal margin.

Hajiley. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1870.

Nucula crenifera, Hanley (not Sowerby).

Hab. Philippines. Cuming.

Speei

^s IM. (Mus Brit.

)

^.El.A CAUIiATA. /.r

d. Ii^l,; hrn-it.r ,-i,i

ci/i.ri,

/, rr„

^s,1

wqtialiler conct

ttrici' linilti. ipiiler

nide

■„l,ri.

di

fusco indutd, latere antico breri, n

tjuul,

infl,

to

latere postico rostrato, biungnluto,

prod,

r/n, .

„h

compreKSO, ad

tenuinum truncal

1 : 1

n,bo„

hn.

elerntis.

rilE CAIDAI, L.EDA.

Shell shortly cu

leifor

n, th

ek

equally concei

tri.'ally wrinkled, t

ovi re

1 wit

greenisli-browi

epidermis; anterior sic

e short

round, inflated

posterior side ros

tratc.d

biai

^U

lar, produced,

rather compressed

trui

eatei'

the end, umbocs elevated.
Donovan {Area). British Shells, pi.
Area mimita, Montagu.
Nucula rostrala, Sowerby.
iSembidiis sulcatum, Leacli.
jMula intermedia, Oersted.
IJiib. Great Britain. North Euro])(

Species 20. (Mus. Taylor.)

L.eI)A ap.CUAta. La,/, testd albil, te„,ii, cmupi-issd,
elongato-lanceoldtd, subobliqu!: tenuissiine striatd ;
latere antico bi-eriusculo, margine rix dcclivi, rec-
tiusculo, minute et acute crenuh,!,) : /otc; puMii-o
angustiusculo acuminalo, margine i/iu-^ali i/,jiir.^.^,i,
minutissime crenulato, ad tern,i„„,ii iliral,' : niiir-
gine ventrali antice et postii'e a;qu(diter airuato.

The AnciiED Lj.da. Shell white, thin, compressed,
elongated, lanceolate, a little obliquely finely
striated ; anterior side rather short, with the
margin scarcely sloped, rather straight, minutely
and acutely crenulated, elevated at the end ;
ventral margin anteriorly and posteriorly equally
arched.

Sowerby.

Hub. ?

In Lceila Taylor
is a peculiar narr
the ventral margi
iu Laida arcuata.

, which resembles this species, there
iwness and almost a constriction in
at the anterior end not observable

September, 1871.

L/EDA.— Plate IV.

Species 21. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

L.EDA CUENIFEE.\. Lced. tcstd solidd, albidd, cwiipressd,
lanc.eolato-elongatd, antice posticeque tenuiter iiratd.
medio Imvigatd, marginibus dorsalihus costatis,
crenulatis ; latere antico brevitisculo, area marginali
latiusculd, excavatd, costd marginali elevatd ; latere
postico longiusculo, margine ventrali medio rectiiis-
culo, vtrinque valde sursum acclivi.

TiiK cnENiFEROus LyEDA. Shell solid, whitish, com-
pressed, lanceolately-elongated, anteriorly and
posteriorly finely wrinkled, smooth in the middle,
dorsal margins ribbed, crenulated; anterior side
rather sliorter, with marginal area rather broader,
excavated ; marginal rib raised ; posterior side
rather longer, ventral margin rather straight in
the middle, much sloped upwards at both ends.

SowERBV {Nucula). Proc. Zool. Soc, 1832, p. 197.

Ihih. Xipixapi.

■Species 22. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming in Brit.)
L.EDA I'LANULATA. Lwd. tt'std late lanceolatd, sub-
aurantid, Icedgatd, comjvessd, planulatd, subceqiii-
lateraii ; latere antico suhacuminatim rotunda ;
tnargine ventrali post terminum subexcavato, medio
convexo, versus terminum posticum gradatim
sursum acclivi ; latere postico angustiusculo, acumi-
nato.
The tlanulate L^da. Shell broadly lanceolate,
rather orange, smooth, compressed, flattened, sub-
equilateral ; anterior side rather aouminately
rounded ; ventral margin behind the end a little
e.xcavated, conve.x in the middle and gradually
sloped upwards in reaching the posterior end ;
posterior side rather narrow, acuminated.

SOWERBV.

Hab. Patagonia.

I find it impossible to assimilate this differently
coloured and differently shaped shell to the elegant
form of Lada Patagonici.

Species 23. (Mus. Metcalfe.)

L-UDA Belcheri. Lmd. testa ohlongd, pallide fulvd,
suhconcentrice striaid, compressd, laid; latere
antico bi-eviusculo, mai-gine dorsali declivi ; latere
antico oblique quadrangulato, ad terminum emar-
ginato, adangulos heviter crenvlatim. costato ; area
dorsali depressd, complanatd.

Belcher's 'Lxda.. Shell oblong, pale fawn, nearly
concentrically striated, compressed, broad ;
anterior side rather short, dorsal margin sloped ;
anterior side obliquely quadrangular, emarginated
at the end, slightly crenulately ribbed at the
angles ; dorsal area depressed, flattened.

Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 98.

Hab. Argulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope. In deep
water.

Species 24. (Mus. Ci

5rit.)

Lj:da costellata. Lced. testd elongato-lanceolatd, sub-
cuneiformi, distanter concentrice Iiratd, epidemiide
pallida corneo indutd ; latere antico breviusculo,
suhacuminatim rotundato ; latere 2>ostico conspicue
rostrato, biangulato, ad terminum truncato, angulis
crenulatis.

The costellated L.eda. Shell elongately-lanceolate,
somewhat cuneiform, distantly concenti-ically
ridged, covered with a pale horny epidermis;
anterior side narrow, rather short, subacuminately
rounded, posterior side conspicuously rostrated,
biangular, truncated at the end, with the angles
crenulated.

SowERiiY (Nucula). Proc. Zool. Soc, 1832.

Hab. Panama.

Very distinct from Lirda ptrnula by reason of the
distant concentric ridges and distinctly rib-margined
beak.

LmclaPhX

Sowerby, del, el lith..

Vincent Brooks. Day ic Son,]mp

L iE D A.

Species 24 bis. (Mus. Brit.)

LjEda conkus.\. Lad. testd ovatA, compressd, suhaqui-
laterali, laid, tenuiter liratd, epidermide tenid,
stramined indutd ; latere antico subquadralo, ared
dorsali parvd definitd ; latere posiico brevimculo,
acuminato, margine dorsali declivi, ared latiusculd,
costd roslrali parvd, acutd, margine ventrali ad
terminum valde sursiim acclivi.

The confused L^da. Shell ovate, compressed, .sub-
equilateral, broad, finely lirated, covered with a
thin, straw-coloured epidermis; anterior side
subquadrate, dorsal area small, defined; posterior
side rather short, aciuninated, dorsal margin
sloped, with rather wide area, rostral rib small,
acute, ventral margin much slojicd Ti])wards at the
end.

H.4NLEY. Thes. Conch. Nuculida;, La;da, 2G.

ffab. Japan, China seas.

Species 25. (Mus. Brit.)

L.fiDA BELLDLA. Lced. testd oblongd, acuminatd, sub-
pyriformi, pallidd, cmicenlricc liratd ; latere antico
rotunda subacuminaio ; latere postico rostrato,
angicsto, longiiisculo, acuminato, ante rostrum ra-
diatim depresso, margine dorsali depresso ; umbo-
nibus acuminalis.

The little beautiful L^da. Shell oblong, acuminated,
subpyriform, pale, concentrically ridged ; anterior
side roundly subacuminated, posterior side beaked,
narrow, rather long, acuminated, radiately
depressed in front of the beak; dorsal margin
depressed, umboes acuminated.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 185G, p. 49.

Hab. Australia.

A pretty little pyriform species.

Species 2G, (Mus. Brit.)
JjXda fulgida. Lced. testd oblongo-pyriformi, kevi-
gatd, epidermide pallidd indutd; latere antico

ventricosn ; latere postico angnxlo, acuminato, ros-
trato, costd rostrali angtistd, (wviyatd, ared ante
rostrum srihcoarctatd, ared dorsali depressd.

The shining L^da. Shell oblong- pyriform, smooth,
covered with a pale epidermis ; anterior side veu-
tricose, posterior side narrow, acuminated, beaked,
rostral rib narrow, smooth, area in front of the
beak rather contracted, dorsal area depressed.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1832, p. 198.

Ifab. Port Essington.

Species 27. (Mus. Brit.)

L-EDA CRAssA. La;d. testd solidd, crassd, ventricosd,
ovatd, laid, arcimtd, concentrice Kris crassis
rotundis sculptd, epidermide fusco-nigrescenti
indutd; latere antico rotundo, margine dorsali
declivi; latere postico rostrato arcuatim sursicm
acclivi, ared ante rostrum impressd, ad nuirginem
ventralem emarginatd ; ared dorsali magnd, lan-
ccolatd, longitudinaliter liratd.

The thick L.eda. Shell solid, thick, ventricose, oval,
wide, curved, sculptured with concentric thick
rounded ridges, covered with a blackish-brown
epidermis ; anterior side rounded, dorsal margin
sloped ; posterior side curved upwards, area in
front of the beak impressed, emarginated at the
ventral margin, dorsal area large, lanceolate,
longitudinally ridged.

Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843.

Hah. Australia.

This species has a depressed area under the rostrum,

which is marked by a notch in the ventral margin.

Species 28. (Mus. Brit.)

LilDA nasuta. L(ed. testd jiyriformi, ventricosd, tdbd
rostratd, Imvigatd ; latere antico injlato, longius
cido, m,argine dorsali declivi, ventrali convexo
latere postico angusto, rostrato, acuminato, costd

September, 1871.

L^DA.— Plate V.

umhonali lata, ad terminum ohVtque Iruncato,
margine dorsali arcuato. depresso, ared latd, planu-
latd ; umbonihus rotundis.

The nasal L^eda. Shell pyriform, ventricose, white,
rostrated, smooth ; anterior side inflated, rather
lengthened, dorsal margin arched, sloped, ventral
convex ; posterior side narrow, rostrated, acumi-
nated, umbonal rib wide, obliquely truncated at
the end, dorsal margin arched, depressed, area
wide, flattened, umboes rounded.

SdWERBT. Con. Illustr.

Hab. East Indies.

Species 29. (Mus. Brit.j

L.aEDA EBUENEA. Lced. testd stibatfenuatd, jiyriformi ;
epidermide jmllidd indutd, Kris conceniricis creber-
rimis sculptd ; latere antico suhohlique producto,
injlato ; latere postico acumiiiato, breviusculo,
leviter bicostato, margine dorsali dejyresso, ared
laevigaid : umbonibtts rotundis.

The ivory L^da. Shell slightly attenuated, pyriform,
covered with a pale epidermis, sculptured with
very close concentiic ridges ; anterior side rather
obliquely produced, inflated ; posterior side
acuminated, rather short, slightly bicostated,
dorsal margin depressed, area smooth ; umboes
rounded.

SowEUBY. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 198.

Xucula lyrata. Hanley.

Hah. Bay of Panama.

Species 30. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

L^DA ventricosa. Lced. testd solidd, fulvd, ventrieosd,
ovatd, Kris numerosis concentricis aqualibus
sculptd ; latere antico lata, tumido ; latere postico
breviusculo, svhrostrato ; areis dorsalibus co/npla-
natis, vix definitis; umbonibus subacuminatis.

The VENTRICOSE L^DA. Shell solid, fulvous, ventri-
cose, ovate, sculptured with numerous equal con-
centric ridges ; anterior side wide, tumid ; pos-
terior side rather short, subrostrated, dorsal areas
flattened, scarcely defined ; umboes subacumi-
nated.

Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 100.

One of the most solid and ventricose shells of the

pyriform group.

Species 31. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

LiEDA FASTiDiosA. Lced. testd parvd, pyriformi, stra-
mined, Icevigatd, nitenti ; latere antico breviitsculo,
rotundato ; latere postico attenuato, acuminato,
ared dorsali depressd, co7nplanatd, latiiisculd.

The fastidious Ljeda. Shell small, pyriform, straw-
coloured, smooth, shining ; anterior side rather
shorter, rounded ; jiosterior side attenuated,
acuminated, dorsal area depressed, flattened,
rather wide.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Snf., ]8")G. p. 49.

I/ab. New Zealand.

A bright little species, smooth like Lccda fulgida,
but more attenuated and sharply pointed posteriorly.

s^

^

<4'^

LceilaFLVI.

36.

Scwerl)y, del.el ]ith. Ymcent. Broois.DayASon.Iinp

L /E D A.

Species 32. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

L.EDA Elkxensis. Lcvd. testd breviusculd, subovatd,
suhconcentrice crehre lirafd ; latere antico subacu-
minatim roiundato, margine dorsali elevato ; mar-
gine ventrali utrinque sursum acclivi, medio con-
vexo ; latere postico costd umhonali subarcuatd
marginato, rostralo, acuminato ; areis dorsaUbtts
latis, definitis.

The Saint Elena L.eda. Shell rather short, sub-
ovate, subconcentrically closely lirateJ ; anterior
side siibacuminately rounded, dorsal margin ele-
vated, ventral margin sloped upwards at both
ends, convex in the middle ; posterior side edged
with an umbonal curved rib, beakcil, acuminated ;
dorsal areas wide, defined.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, ISo?, p. 108.

Hub. St. Elena. Panama.

Species 33. (Mus. Brit.)

L^DA Mauriti.uia. Lced. testd hrevi, arcuald, albidd,
laid, ventricosd, tenuiter concentrici striata, latere
antico inflato ; latere postico rostrato, costd
rostrali arcuald, elevatd, margine ventrali convexd,
ared dorsali depressd, lata, complanatd, dejinitd.

The JIauuitius L^da. Shell short, arched, whitish,
broad, ventricose, finely concentrically striated ;
anterior side inflated ; posterior side beaked, ros-
tral beak arched, elevated, ventral margin convex,
dorsal area depressed, broad, flattened, defined.

SowERBY. Conch. Illustr. Kucida, f. 17.

Sab. Ceylon, China, Mauritius.

i .MAIDEN L-IDA. Shell small, shurt, elevated, oval
subtrigonal, white, concentrically finely striain
anterior side inflated, rounded, dorsal nun-j
sloped, posterior side short, narrow, acumin;
ted rostrated; beak smooth; umboes elevatr
rounded

ui.-;. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18'13, p. 100.

Species 35. (Fig. a, b, Mas. Brit.)

L.rDA cfXEATA. L(rd. tcsld siditrigonA, brevi. altd,
epidermide /icsco-viridi induld, conceiitrice tenuiter
striata ; latere antico rotunde subacuminato ; latere
postico late angulato, rostrato ; rostro Icevigatu
arcuatim producto, ared dorsali depressd, latd, com-
])lanald, definitd, margine ventrali acclivi ; umbu-
nibus elevaiis, angulatis.

The cuneate L .bda. Shell subtrigonal, short, elevated,
covered with a brownish-green epidermis, concen-
trically finely striated ; anterior side roundly sub-
acuminated ; posterior side widely angulated, ros-
trated, beak smooth, produced with a curve, dorsal
area depressed, wide, flattened, defined ; ventral
margin sloped, umboes elevated, angulated.

SowERuY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 183-2, p. 198.

La'da inornata, A. Adams.

Hab. Valparaiso, New Guinea.

The posterior side form.s a liroad angle like that of
Ilipjjopus marulatus.

Species 3-1. (Mus. Brit.)
L.EnA PUELLATA. Ost. tcstd parvd, brevi, elevatd, ovato-
suUrigond, athd, concentrice tenuiter striatd;
latere antico injlato, rotundo, viargine dorsali
declivi ; latere postico brevi, angusto, acuminata, \
rostrato ; rostro laivigato ; umbonibus elevatis, \
rotundis. 1

Species 3G. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

L^DA ORXATA. Lced. testd acutd, subovatd, albidd, coH-
centrice striatd; latere antico ventricoso, pored
angustd sulcoque approximato radiato; latere postico
angusto, acuminato, producto, acute rostrato, mar-
gine dorsali valde depresso, arctiato, ared com-
planatd : umbonibus elevatis, acutis.

September, 1871.

L.EDA.— Plate VI.

The oiinate L-Eda. Shell acute, subovate, whitish,
concentrically striated ; anterior side ventricose,
rayed with a narrow ridge and approximate
furrow ; posterior side narrow, acuminated, pro-
duced, acutely rostrated, dorsal margin much
depressed, arched, area flattened; umboes
elevated, acute.

D'Orbigny. Amer. M<-rid., p. 5it;, pi. 82, f. -t-C.

Hab. Payta, Peru.

Species 37. (Mus. Brit.)

L^DA BicosTATA. Locd. tcstA nrcvatd, semiovatd, com-
pressd, epidermide pallidA induid, Kris fere
concmlricis, undulatis postice super castas
moniliferis sculptd ; latere antico rotunde suh-
aeaminato, margine ventrali rotunde convexo ;
latere posfico porcis duahus crenulatis arcuatis
radiato, margine dorsali depresso, concavo, ad
terminum acuta ; umbonibus rotundis, elevatis.

The two-ribbed IiJE.da. Shell arched, semiovate, com-
pressed, covered with a pale epidermis, sculptured
with nearly concentric ridges undulated at the
back and beaded on the ribs ; anterior side
roundly subacuminated with ventral margin
roundly convex ; posterior side rayed with two
crenulated arched ribs, dorsal margin depressed,
concave, acute at the end; umboes rounded,
elevated.

SOWERBY.

Hab. Panama.

The arched form .and distinct elevated and curved
posterior ribs seem to distinguish this shell from tlie
varieties of L(eda Eknensis.

Species ;>8. (Fig. a. h, Mus. Brit.)

L^DA E.xcAVATA. Lced. testa pai-vd, brevi, cdtd, ventri-
cosd, liris concentricis validis sculptd, pallidissime
fulvd ; latere antico brevi, inflata, casteUd prope
marginem radiatd ; latere pastico acuminata, costd
arcuatd, crenatd, prominenti radiato, ante coslam
contracto,areddorsalidepressd, excavatd, late,pland.

The EXCAVATED L.3EDA. Shell small, short, elevated,
ventricose, sculptured with strong concentric
ridges, pale fawn ; anterior side short, inflated,
rayed with a small rib near the margin ; posterior
side acuminated, rayed with an arched crenulated
prominent rib, contracted in front of the rib,
dorsal area depressed, excavated, wide, flat.

Hinds. Proc. 2ool. Soc, 1843, p. 100.

Hah. Panama.

Species 39. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

L.«;da siicans. Lced. testd acuminatim ovatd, pallide
fulvd, suleis tenuibus obliquis postice biradiatim
interruptis sculptd ; latere antico langiuscvla ;
latere pastico breviusculo, acuminata radiatim,
angulato, ai-ed dorsali depressd, angustd.

The shining L^da. Shell acuminately ovate, pale
fulvous, sculptured with fine, oblique sulci inter-
rupted posteriorly in two rays; anterior side
rather long, posterior side rather short, acumi-
nated, radiatcly angulated, dorsal area depressed,
narrow.

A. Ada.ms. Per Ilanley in Thesaurus Conchyliarum.

Hab. New Zealand.

Lmda PI..V1I.

'^

-„V

^r#-

Sywa-l>y.deletlitli

VmcentBrooks Day Jc Sin.lmp

L M D A.

Species 40. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

L.aSDA LUGUBRIS. Lwd. tcstd oblvngo-triijond, ina-rjui-
laterali, ventricosd, cnissd, epklermide tenebrosd
imliitd, concent rice liratA, liris ciassis remotis ;
margine dorsali utrinque declivi, latere postico siib-
rostrato, antico rotundo ; areis dorsalibxs Icerilms,
latis, dfjinitis.

The lugubrious L«da. SIicll obloug-trigonal, inequi-
lateral, ventricose, tliick, covered with a dark
epidermis, conceutrically ridged, ridges tliick,
remote ; dorsal margin sloped on both sides ;
posterior side subrostrated, anterior side rounded,
dorsal areas smooth, broad, defined.

A. Ad.\ms. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Hab. ?

Species 41. (Mus. Brit.)

L^DA iNCONSPiccA. Lced. tesid pari-d, jxillide stra-
mined, Imvigatd, concentrice tenuiter striald, siib-
ovatd; latere postico siibacuminato, angulato, area
postangiilari depressd, oblique tntncatd, ad ttTiniman
aciiminaid, margine dorsali dcpresso, rectiicsculo ;
latere antico subrotundo.

The iNCoxsriccous L^da. Shell small, pale straw,
smooth, concentrically finely striated, subovate ;
posterior side subacuminated, angular, postangular
area depressed, obliquely truncated, acuminated
at the end, dorsal margin depressed, rather
straight ; anterior side rounded.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1836.

Hab. Australia.

A neat little species with an angular posterior ridge.

leaving a depressed area with a pointed extremity.

Species 42. (Mus. Brit.)
Lj:da commctata. Lnd. testa jiarvd, sidKivatA, pallida ;
latere pwstico brein, angusto, rostrato acumiiiato,
margine dorsali valde depresso, ared magnd, planu-
latd, definitd ; latere antico leviter unicostato ;
liris densis, fire concentncis.

The commuted L.t.da. Sliell small, subovate, pale ;
l>osterior side short, narrow, beaked, acuminated,
dorsal margin much depressed, area large, flat-
tened, defined ; anterior side with a .slight rib ;
ridges close, nearly concentric.

IIanlev. Thes. Conch. Nuculida?, sp. 45.

Area pella. Brug.

llab. Mediterranean.

species '

(Fi|

b, Mus. Brit.)

L.EDA PELLA. Lced. testd alba, crassd, ventricosd. mib-
oratd, tenuiter undulatim et oblique striatd ; latere
postico acute angulato, area postangulari in medio
vnicostd, margine dorsali rectiusmlo, depresso, costuni
crenulatam efformanti,ad teiininiim acuminata ; areis
dorsalilius magnis, planulatis, costato-marginalis.

The JL^cedoxian L.«da. Shell white, thick, ventricose.
subovate, finely undidatingly and obhquely
striated; posterior side acutely angular, post-
angular area with a single rib in the centre, dorsal
margin rather straight, depressed, forming a
crenulated ridge, acuminated at the end ; dorsal
areas large, flattened, rib-margined.

LiNx^us. Systema Naturse.

Area interriipia. Polv.

Xucida fixbula. Sowb.

Nucula emarginata. Philippi.

Hab. Mediterranean.

44. (Fig

*. Mus. Brit.)

^pecles

L^da lata. La-d. testd alba, coniprcssd, late ovatd,
acuminatd, tenuiter oblique striatd ; latere postico
producto, angusto, acuminata, subrostrato, ared
viarginali latd, depressd ; latere antico brevi'usrvlo,
superne suhacuminato ; ared latd, margine venlrali
sursum acclivi, striis anticis majoribus, j'osticis
obsuletis.

September, 1871.

L^DA.— Plate VII.

TiiK lUiOAD Ljeda. Shell white, compressed, widely
ovate, acuminated, finely obliquely striated ; pos-
terior side produced, narrow, acuminated, sub-
rostrated, marginal area wide, depressed ; anterior
side rather short, rather acuminated above ; area
wide, ventral margin sloped upwards, anterior
stria; larger, posterior strise

Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843.

Lceda semisidcata. A. Adams.

Ihib. New Guinea, Borneo.

.Species 45. (Mus. Brit.)

L.EDA KO.STRATA. Lccd. tcstd late ovaUi, solidii, alba,
Ihieis impressis mimerosis obliquis postice undulatis
super rostrum posticum fortioribus sculptd, antice
inflatd, latd, postice rostratd, tmncatd, margine
dorsali postice depresso ; margine ventrali valde
convexo.

The beaked hMOh. Shell widely ovate, solid, white,
sculptured with numerous impressed oblique lines
undulated at the back and stronger upon the
posterior beak, inflated in front, wide, rostrated
and truncated at the back ; dorsal margin pos-
teriorly depressed ; ventral margin very convex.

Montague. Test. Britt. Sup., .55, pi. 27., f. 7.
Nucida Montagui. Gray.
Nuatla curvii-ostrum. Humphreys.
Xiirula recurva. Conrad.
ILib. Guinea, Liberia.

Species 46. (Mus. Brit.)

L.EDA CiiuvA. Lced. tcstd laid, albd, subcompressd,
arcuatd, concentrice liratd ; latere antico subinfiato,
lata, margine dorsali elevato ; latere postieo valdf-
arcuato, acuminata, margine dorsali (/eyMv^vo, ail
terminum elevato, margine ventrali svrsum acclivi,
costd rostrali arcuatd, liratd, ared dorsali ivnpla-
natd, dejinitd.

The Ciiuva L/EDA. Shell wide, white, subcompressed,
arched, concentrically ridged, anterior side a little
inflated, wide, dorsal margin elevated ; posterior
side much arched, acuminated, dorsal margin
depressed, elevated at the end, ventral margin
sloped upwards, rostral rib arched ridged,
dorsal area flattened, defined.

Gi;ay. Voyage of the Fli/. JIarine Shells, pi. 2, f. C.

Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia.

LauJa PI VI/I.

VinoenL Brooks, \)^y ^■. Sou, imp

L M D A.

Fig. 4;^, c.
A more elougated variety of Ltfda pelta.
Species 47. (iM lis. Taylor.)

L.W).\ C'oNii.M)!. Lwd. testd pavvA. subtrigona, acatd,
Icmyiusculd, lumidd, epidermidc chscur? oliraceo
indutd, peroblique costeUald ; latere jmsfico acumi-
nato, margme dorsali angulatim depresfo ; v7nho-
nihus acuminatis, elevatis, margine venlndi con-
vexo ; latere antico rotundo, prape iimbones excavato.

Conrad's L^da. Shell small, subtrigonal, acute, rather
long, tumid, covered with an obscure olive epi-
dermis, very obliquely ribbed, po.xterior side
acuminated, dorsal margin angularly dei)ressed ;
umboes acuminated, elevated, ventral margin
convex; anterior side round, excavated near the
umboes.

Hani.kv. Proc. Znol. Soc, l.s7(».

nab. ?

Tlie scidptured lines forming riljlets are cxtrcnjely

oblique, forming scarcely obtuse angl

concentric ones.

ith th.

Species -is. (Mus. Brit.)

Tj.koa UETiofi.ATA. Ld'd. tcntd nviito-ucHininatd, veiitri-
cosd, pallidd, oblique costellatd, inter castas radiatim
striatd ; latere postico rostrato, breviusculo, acumi-
nato ; uitibojiibus elevatis, rotimdis, margine ven-
trali corivexissimo ; latere antico ventricoso, costti
unicd prope marginem ornato ; ared posticd pro-
fiiitde inipressd, subdvplicald ; hiuidd august/I.

The UETicui.ATED LjEDA. Shell ovate-acuminated, ven-
tricose, pale, obliquely costellated, radiately striated
between the ribs ; posterior side rostrated, rather
short, acuminated, umboes elevated, rounded,
ventral margin very convex ; anterior side ven-
tricose, ornamented near the margin with a
radiate rib ; posterior area deeply impressed,
somewhat duplicate ; lunule narrow.

Hinds. (Nucula) Proc. Zool. Soc. 184;!.

Hah. Philippines.

Species 49. (Mus. ? copied. )

)A Jamaicen.si.s. La:d. testa lainiUd, obhngo-ovald,
acu'minatd, pallidd, concenlrice costatd : latere
postico pyroducto, acuminato, rostrato, costd rostrali
crenuliUd, margine dorsali depresso, ared hcrigatd ;
latere antico leviter nnicostato ; lunvld indis-
tinct d.
: .Iammcv I..f.i.\. Shell minute, oMung-ovatc,

side produced, acumiiuited, beaked, rostral rib

crcnulatcd, dor.sal margin depressed, area smooth ;

anterior side with a single slight radiating rib;

lunule indistinct.
)i:iii.iNV. .^^_.llusca of Cuba, p. iT,;!. pi. L'4, f. 30-2.
',. West Indies.

Speci<.s .-,0. (Mus. Taylor.)
L.EKA ACIMINATA. Lad. tustd, parvd, alba, jiyriformi,
concenlrice tenuiter costatd, cnstis versus lerminos
erassiusculis ; latere postico subattenuato, acumi-
nata, ared dorsali Icevi, circumscriptd, rectd ; latere
antico rcntriroso, rotundo, leviter radiatim nnicos-
lato.
The .\ci:minate1) L^da. Shell small, white, pyrifoiin.
concentrically finely ribbed, ribs towards the ends
rather thicker; posterior side rather attenuated,
acuuiinateil. dorsal area smooth, circumscribed,
slr.-iiiiht ; .-iiilerior side ventricose, rounded, with
a single slight radiating rib.

SOUEKHY.

Hab. ?

1 cannot identify this pretty little shell with any of
the nutnerous species described in Mr. Ilanlev's iiinnc.-
graph.

.Species .')1. (Mus. Brit.)

L^DA lUHPOSA. Licd. testd solidd, vetdricOf:d, obloiiga-
oratd, concenlrice costatd, epidermidc olivateu
indutd : latere postico acuminata, siibrostrata,

L^:DA.— Plate VIII.

margine dorsali planulalim depresso ; wmhonihu^
rotundis, elevatis, margine ventrali medio vix con-
tracto ; latere aiitico injlato, rotunda.

The gibbous L^da. Shell solid, ventricose, oblong-
ovate, concentrically ribbed, covered with an olive
epidermis ; posterior side acuminated, subi'os-
trated, dorsal margin flatly depressed ; umboes
rounded, elevated, ventral margin very slightly
contracted in the middle ; anterior side inflated,
rounded.

SowERBY. (Nucula) I'roc. Zool. Soc, 1832.

Hab. Peru.

One of the largest and mo.st solid shells in the

genus.

Sj.

(I\Ius. Br

L^DA STRIATA. Lced. testa minutd, iiiflatd, tenui,
coHcentrice siriatd : latere postico acuminato ; latere
antico injlato ; margine dorsali utrinque crenato,
areis de/yress-is circuinscriptis.

The striatkd L^da. .Shell minute, inflated, thin,
concentrically striated ; posterior side acuminated ;
anterior side inflated ; dorsal margin crenated on
both sides, with depressed circumscribed area.'^.

King. (Nucula) Zool. Journal, vol. v. j). 3;37.

ffab. Patagonia.

Species 53. (Mus. Brit.)

LiEDA KUAGiLis. Lwd. testd 7iiinutd, injiatd,lrevi, uHA,
semipellucidd, dense costellis concentricis cinctd ;
latere postico brevissimo, acute rostrato, latere antico
rotundo, injlato.

The fragile Lmd.k. Shell minute, inflated, short,
deep, semipellucid, closely girt with concentric
riblets ; posterior side very short, acutely ribbed ;
anterior side round, inflated.

Chemnitz (Area) Conch., vol. vii. p. IGo, f. ;')4i'i,

Nuada striata. Sowerby.

Lwdxi PI. IX.

^

^

Vinra-ntlii-onte.Day ;t Soi 1 ,lmp.

L ^ J) A.

Cun],

Brit.

!>peciesr.4. (Ml

L.KDA Douiisii. Lced.tesid siibcom/ircssd,, so!i</d,ol>lon<jo-
svhovatd ; an/ice conceiiince costellaM, stramincd ;
latere postico lomjiiisculo, aciiminatiiu rostrato,
margine dorsali recto, wed awjiistd depre^i-d, a'rriim-
scriptd, coslellis ante coHeUaiu margbialeiii temn-
nantibus ; latere aittico ci.i- coslellato.

Dorhn's L^da. Shell subconipres.sed, solid, oblong-
subovate, concentrically ribbed in front, straw-
coloured, posterior side rather longer, aciiniinately
rostrated, dorsal margin straight, area narrow,
depressed, circumscribed ; ribs terminating in
front of the marginal riblet ;
ribbed,

A. Adams. ?

Hab. ?

1 find this little shrll nam.

C'timingian cabinet.

side

above

Species 5a. (Mus. (late) Metcahe.)

LiDA CRISPA. Lwd. testd pared,. 'iuboeatd; sulidd, ventri-
cosd, albidd,concentrice teniiitersulcatd: latere postico
surmm arcuato, angusto, casta anguloque radiato ;
inter angulum et costain depresso, emurglnato, ad
terminum acuminato, super costam crenidato ; latere
antico inflate, casta sulroqiie radiato ; area dorsali
angustd, plamdald, circiimscriptd.

The ckisp L^da. Shell small, subovato, solid, ven-
tricose, whitish, concentrically finely sulcatcd ;
posterior side arched upwards, narrow, rayed with
a rib and an angle, depressed and emarginated
between the rib and the angle; anterior side
inflated, rayed with a rib and groove ; dorsal area
narrow, flat, circumscribed.

Hinds. (Nucula) Proc. Zool. Soc, 1<S4;\ ji. 100.

Hab. Gulf of Nocoyo.

A pretty little species, with a kind of curl upwards.

Sp,.ries r.d. (Mus. Hiit.)

>A IIAMATA. Lced. testd coiiijires.<i'i, arriiiitd, biiireo-
latd, coiicciitrice linitd, ,/,id, niiiil, ,-rossiiisriiln
indiitd; latere postico altemiiiln, rioiigntu, .irciintn.
rostrato, uian/i/ie ilorsali eonraro. ared roslrali ad
liniiiniii,, tniiic.iUt ; iii„hoiiibiis eleratis, aciitis ; mar-
gine vcntrali raid, ronr.'.ro ; latere antico brerissimo.

: MOOKED L.-KDA. Shell compressed, arched, lan-
ceolate, concentrically ridged, covered witli a
thickish epidermis; posterior side attcnuaic<l,
elongated, arcliel, beaked, dorsal margin concave,

rostral area truncated
elevated, acute ; ventral
anterior side very short.

■KNTKIt. .'

, Catalina Islands.

end :

umbo
conv(.':

lot

Species 57. (Mi

L^DA CUSrillAIA. La,/, ti'sci p
li'nnissinie et cequalih r sirioli
Clllo rostrato, angusto, ant,' rostrn./n siihcini
latere antico rotiindo, margine ilnrsidi iU;-liro

The Sl'EAH- SH.\fED L.V.DA. shell small, pyi
whitish, very finely equally striated ; jiosteri
a little the longer, rostrated, narrow, a
contracted behind the rostriuu ; anterior side
with dorsal margin slojied.

Gould. .'

ILdi. North America.

One of the simplest of the little jiyriform spe(

tlhidd,

IHjiilS-

itorm,

)rside

little

round,

Species 58. (Mus. Brit.)
'Lm.vx Brookii. Laid, testd minut,;, suhuihl.-uliri.
brevi, ventricosd,distanter coHcentrii ■ hrnt.i . lit.n:
postico brevi, acuminato ; latere antico v,-'nlnj-n.<is-

November, l^Tl.

L/EDA.— l^LATE IX.

Bi:(ii)Kk's LiEDA. Shell minute, suborbicular, short,
ventricose, distantly oonfentrically ridged ; pos-
terior side short, ncuniinated, anterior side very
ventricose.

Haxlev. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G0.

Iliib. Borneo.

So short and ventricose as to be almost orbicular,

altliongh somewhat pointed at the posterior side.

Species 59. (Mus. Brit.)

L.«:i)A Eborea. Loed. testd solidd, albidd, elongato-pyri-
formi ; latere postico producto, atteniiato, acuminato
ad terminum obtuso, margine dorsali depresso,
ared vix definitd ; umbonihris parvis, acutis; latere
antico brevittsculo. ventricoso, margine dorsali
d clivi.

Thk Ebokean Lmmx. Shell solid, whitish, elongate
pyriform ; posterior side produced, attenuated,
acuminated ; obtuse at the end ; dorsal margin
depressed ; area scarcely defined ; umboes small,
acute; anterior side rather short, ventricose, with
dorsal margin sloped.

CONRA!.. (Nucula) Proc. Philadelj.h. .Soc, vol. iii. 24.
pi. 1, f. 4.

Ihih. Florida.

Species lln. (Mus. Brit )

Ij.kua illNDSil. Lied, teald pared, snbpi/ri/ormi.
pallidd, tenuiter concenirice stiiatd ; latere pontico
acuminato, acute rostralo, costd rostrali sursum
areuatd, Icevigatd, aream dorsalem circu inscribe nti :
latere antico ventricoso. costd unicd prope laar-
gineni radiato.

Hixi>n' L/EDA. Shell small, subpyriibrm, jiale, finely
concentrically .striated : posterior side acuminated,
acutely beaked, rostral rib curved upwards,
smooth, circumscribing the dorsal area; anterior

side ventricose, rayed with a single rib near tin

margin.
Hanlev. In Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchy liorum —

XuculidsE, La;da, sp. .'il, f. loi>.
Hab. Gulf of Nicoya ?

Differmg from Lceda crispa. Hinds, in being mort
elongated and more finely sculptured.

Species 61. (Mus. Brit.)

L^da vitr^ea. Lced. testd parvd, temdssimd, ritrced,
ventricosd, tenuissiine conoentrice striata ; latere
postico acuminato, margine dorsali deprei<so, ared
circumsrriptd ; latere antico ventricoso, costd ob-
scurd prope marginem radiato.

The OiLassy L^da. Shell small, very thin. glas.sy.
ventricose, very finely concentrically striated ;
])osterior side acuminated, with doi'.sal margin
depressed, area circumscribed, anterior side ven-
tricose, rayed with an obscure i-ib near the
margin.

D'OunifiNT. Moll. l.sl. (Jnba. .-itSS, pi. 24, f. od- 2.

Hab. West Indies.

Species ('.2. ( .Mu.s. .')

L^DA UECTA. Loed. testd nUongd, stramiued, rectius-
cmieiforini, antice et medio oblique striata ;

add.

latere postico longiiisculo, margine dorsati decliri.

ared ronvexd. Iwrigatd, rircuinscripld : latere

antico rotunda.
The .stuaioht L^ha. Shell oblong, stramineou.s,

rather straight, cuneiform, obliquely striated in

the front and middle ; posterior side rather longer,

dorsal margin sloped, area convex, smooth, cir-

cumscrilied, anterior side roiuided.
IIi.NOS. (Nucula) Proe. Zool. Soc. 1,S4:;. p. 100.
Hah. '

L yE D A.

vjuminata, Sowerhy VIII.

zxcnaXti, Solve rhy IV.

ISelcheri, Hinds IV.

: ellula, A. A dams \' .

h\co?,ta.ia., Sowethj VI.

bicuspidata, Gould II.

Brookii, llanley IX.

buceata, Sleenstrilp II.

selata, Hinds II.

ludata, Donovan IV.

•huva, GVay VII.

covrnToxxtaXa, Hanley \"11.

9m;j^(irea<o, MiilkT . III.

.oncirma., A. Adams III.

confusa, Hanley V.

Coniadi, Hanky VIII.

costellata, Sotverhy IV.

•rassa, Hinds V.

crenifera, Kanley IV.

crenifera, Sowerhy IV.

ms^A, Hinds IX.

cnn&sXa,, Sowerhy VI.

cj/j-wrosMwj, Ilumplirys VII.

ciispidata, Go^ild IX.

decora, A. Adams III.

dissimilis, Sowerhy II.

Dorlinii, A. Adams IX.

Eboi'ea, Corarac? IX.

eburnea. &we?% . V.

electa, A. Adams I.

Elenensis, A^oweriy VI.

elongata.Y)a.ni\m II.

elongata, Sowerhy I .

rfoTO^ato, Valenciennes I.

emarginata, Philijipi VII.

e.xcavata, Hinds VI.

fahula, Sowerby VII.

fastidiosa, A. Adams V.

Jluviatil is, Schrxtev II.

i'lagilis, Cheynnifz VIII.

fulgida, A. Adams V.

gibbosa, Sowerhy \'l[l.

gloriosa, A. Adams 1.

Grmrdandica, Chemnitz III.

haraata, Carpenter IX.

Hindsii, Hanley IX.

inconsi)icua, A. Adams VI!.

intermedia, Oersted IV.

intemipta, TaVi VII.

Jamaiconsis, D'Orbypty VIII.

lanceolala, Laniait-k W .

lanceolata, iiovfer\<y I.

Largillierte, Pliili]ii)i II.

Xata, Hinds VII.

\\\z\\hr\?; A. Adams Vll.

jnacih'nt.a;^teer\?-tt\\\t II.

Miiiiiiiii, Chemnitz II.

Maiiritiima, Sowerhy VI.

Met.-allei, llanhy IV.

micaiis, .1. .lt/<(//is \'l.

minula, Gould III.

minuta, y[ox\t&^\\ IV.

minuta, Miiller 111.

Monlayni, Gray Vll.

nasuta, Sowerhy V.

ornata, D'Orhigny VI.

parvii, Sowerby 1 1 1.

Patagonira, D'Orhiyjiy 111.

pella, \imgmm VII.

pella, ZmHce^s .. VII.

pernula, A/iiliet- II.

plannlata, Sowerhy IV.

plici/ei-a, A. Adnmi^ II.

polita, .5o(wi^ III.

pnellata, Himls VI.

recf.i, Hinds IX.

recHri'fl, Conrad VII.

reticulata, //iw<i-f ... ^'111.

rostrata, 31 o nkiffu VII.

rostrata, ^iowerhy l^'.

semisukala, A. Adam.s VII.

Sowerhj-ana, HOrhi'jiiy 1.

striata, A'm^ Vlll.

sulcatiis, Leach IV.

Taylori, Jfanley IV.

tellinoidos, .S'rtWf'/-J'/ HI.

tenuicostata, Couthoy HI.

ventricosa, //'/«(/.•* V.

vkrxa, B'Orhiijny IX.

M 0 N 0 G R A P H

OF TlIU GKXrs

V L A C U N A,

Tlh'M s«vrl to mils,- upon His skill aisplaw.l,

Inliniti- skill- ill nil tluil. lloh^ith mail,..

To traop ill Xatiin-'s must miiiuU' ili',-i-n

Tli>- si-iKitiirc ,iiia staiiii) (ifpow.-i- Diviiir." — fu/c/w.

FlacimaPLI.

'|%g^^^.-

Sowerliv.l-! "t 1,1

Vinceiil Hrooks.Day X- Sun.lmp,

P L A C U N A.

(Jenus PlaCUXA, Brtigruien'.
Testa bivaln's, discoidea, compressa, foliacea, radiatim
striata. Impressio miisculnris suhcentralif, circu-
lang. Margo cardinalh ralnilce sinistrm foveolis
diiabus divergentibnf nirtilaf/inifeiis, valvulue dextra;
dentibus duabus lainiiiatis divergentihus inimttis.
Slu'll bivalve, tliscoidal, coni])ressetl, foliaceous, radi-
ately striated. Muscular impression siibcentral,
circular. Hinge margin provided with two diverg-
ing cartilaginiferons gi-ooves in the left valve, and
two laminated diverging teeth in the right valve.
I'larenta. Retzius.

The simple characters oi' the genus as above de-
scribed are sufficient to define it, excluding all other
shells and including the five species which are described
in this monograph. They are all flat bivalves of a
foliaceous and striated structure, k ith the two diverging
teeth in one valve, and correspondingly divergent liga-
ment pits in the other. The degrees of divergence in
these teeth and pits, although usefully observed as dis-
tinguishing species, cannot surely, with any advantage,
he made the basis of generic distinction. Yet this is
done hy some modern systematists, who actually liave
the genus Placenta for the common white species, and
the genus Placuna for the remaining species, without
any other reason. The sliores of China and India
furnish tlie two best known and widely distinguished
species, namely the "Chinese Window" and the
"Saddle Oyster." The third (J'laciiiKi piipt/racea) is a
somewhat dovibtftd species, partaking the characters of
the two first, and is probably common to India and
North Australia, while the remaining two, namely /*.
Liiicoliii iiui P. hihnla, the latter here described for the
first time, are exclusively Australian.

Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)

Pi..\crxA SKLLA. Pla. testa pleruiiujue ojmcd, intense
purpured ; crassiusculd, compressd, siibquadratd,
anricuhitd ; aiiriculis utrinqne recui-vis, medio
platndatim depresso, iiiargine ventrali recurro, ar-
cuato; marginibtis lateralibus decui-vis, Jlexuosis ;
mnrgine dorsnli lato ; viilvuld dextrd radiatim acute
striatd ; valmld sinistrd ad apicem vwiveiiusculd,
leviter striatd : dentibm laminifvnnibus submjiiali-
bns, late divergentibns.

The saiidle Placuna. Shell for the most part intensely
imrjile, opaque, rather thick, compressed, sub-
quadrate, auriculated ; auricles on both sides
recurved; centre flatly depressed ; ventral margin
recurved, arclied ; lateral margins bent downwards,
fle.xuous ; dorsal margin wide ; right valve ra-
diately sharply striated ; left valve a little convex
at the apex, lightly striated ; lamiuiform teeth
nearly equal, widely divergent.

Lamakck. Animaux sans Vertebres. Placuna No. 1.

" Ephippium auglicunwn inaxiiniiiii," Cheumitz.

Anomia sella. Gmelin.

Placenta Ephippium, lietzius.

Hab. Indian and Chinese Coasts.

The peculiar saddle-like form into which this species
is bent by the curvature of its margins when fuU-
gi-own, does not begin to appear in the earlier stages.
The young shells are flat, and more or less transparent,
and are often of so light a colour as to be hardly dis-
tinguishable from the young of P. placenta or P.
\ papyracea. There are specimens of a beautifully
mottled, half La-own variety in the Cumingian Collec-

FUinuucPl.II.

Sowerby.delellilh.

VmcenL Brooks.Day it Son.lmp.

P L A C U N A.

Species 2. (Fig. a. h, c, Mus. Biit.)

Placl'na papyracea. Pl(t. testd .semipelliicidd, compressd,
purpurea radiatd, subauriculatd, auriculk vix recur-
vis, mwgine ventrali leviter recurvo ; valvuld sinintrd
mmplanatd ; dentibus laminifonnihus sulxequalibus,
subarcuatis ; margine dorsali interdum lobato.

The papyijaceous Placuna. Shell scmipellucid, com-
pressed, rayed with purple, subauriculated, auricles
scarcely recurved; ventral margin slightly re-
curved, left valve flattened: laminiform teeth
nearly equal, a little arched ; dorsal margin some-
times lobed.

Lamauck. Aniniaux sans Vertebres, No. 2.

Epinppium parvum. Chemnitz.

Hab. India, Philippines, Australia.

It is probable that this species was first described
from the Indian form, and quite possible that the
figures in Chemnitz may have been taken from the
young of Placvna sella. Still it does appear th:it there
is a species resembling in the young state, but never
developing into the adult form of that shell. In tlie
Australian examples we have given, two characters are
observable which may help to distinguish this species,
namely the curved character and smaller divergence of
the teeth, and absence of that degree of convexity
which distinguishes the lower or left valve of Flacuna
sella. Some of the s]iecimens are beautifully raved,
and some are much notched or lobed at the dorsal

November. 187

Pldvinia PI. in.

f

^'-^

■t^\

^

,j^

Sowerby. del ellilh.

VuK.'ent. IVooksjjRvii: Sm.Imp

P L A C U N A.

Species o. (Fig. a, b, r, and Plate IV. fig. d, Mus. Brit.)

Placun.\ i'lacenta. Ph. testdalbd, orbiculan, peUucidd,
co7iq>ressd, planulatd, margintbus rarb stibjlexuosis ;
dentibus laminiformibus longitudine valde inaiquaU-
hus, anguste divergentibus, valvuld dnistrd prope
vmbonem purpurea radiato.

The placenta Placuna. Shell white, orbicular, pel-
lucid, compressed, flattened, margins rarely sub-
flexuous ; laminiform teeth very unequal in
length, narrowly divergent ; left valve rayed with
purple near the umbo.

Linnaeus {Anemia) Systeuia Naturx.

Placenta (irbinihin^. Hetzius.

Hab. China, North-west Australia, Philippines.

The prevailing form of this shell, commonly called
the " Chinese Window," is orbicvilar as in fig. d, Plate
IV., but the very large specimen given in the present
plate exhibits not only a deviation from that form, but
also a tendency to curve upwards at the ventral margin
a little after the fashion of the " Saddle Oyster." The
young, being purple-rayed, are not always easily dis-
tinguishable from the young of P. sella and P. papy-
racea liy the form of the shell. But the great distin-
guishing mark of the species is the unequal length and
narrow divergence of the teeth.

November. 1871.

PfacanaFUV.

VincenLBrooke.Day ^ Son. Imp.

V L A C IJ N A,

Species i . ( Fig.
Placuna

lid Plate V. tig. h, Mus. Brit.)

l.oiiATA. I'lti. tfStA siiliqimdratd, compressd,
rix versus umbones cmivexd, aUiidd rel fiisco-pur-
ptireo radiatd, costis pavlo elevatif, latis rotundis \
radiatdjintiis purpttreo-fusro, vel maadato-nebuhitd ,•
marginibus lateralibus et ventralilius lobatis ; drnti-
()us mhwqualibus, modernte divergentihus.
The lobeh Placuna. Shell siibquadrate, coin])rcssed,
slightly convex towards the umboes, whitish or
lirownish purple-rayed, rayed with slightly elevated

Novoiul)'

broad rounded ri
cloudy-spotted : l,i
teeth nearly eiiual.

ately

Sowi
llab.

i;nv.

Port Kssingtuii.
Tlir iH'culiarity of this shell consists in its licin.i;
rayed with slightly raised ribs, accompanied with
great flexuo.sity in the lines of growth and lobes on the
lateral and ventral margins of the valves. The teeth
are similar to those oi Placuna jiapi/racm.

Placuna P/. V

v..

Bsix

VincenLBrooksDay Sc Son.lmp.

I' L A C U N A.

I'LATK V.

Spocies .'). (Mils. Hrit.) This slu'll lias the same tbrin iioniiiilly n^ F lacuna

[■i.A.TNA L,N,oi.NL I'la. testa cra,siu,culd. opurd, 1 /''«'■«"«"• 1* is of a more solid and opaque texture,

.„l,orhicu/<,ri, alhoUl. rom,,la,u,td, uUus purpureo- ='"'^ "'"^ lani.nitbrm teeth diverge as widely as they do

aun;,.,>a nrhulat.i, iridrs.mti ; .Imtihus Md,- '" "'^' ''''"'"'"' ■"""■

ieqitalihc.-i, eloni/iitis, nctii. /dtissinu': (Itixnjentilms.
Lincoln's I'lacisa. Shell rarher thick, opaque, sut>-

orbicular, whitish, tiatteiied, mottled with purple l--^, . ;

and gold and iridescent within ; teeth nearly :

equal, elongated, straight, widely divergent. Ivepreseiits a variety of Fhtruaii hitiatu nobk, beau-

GltAV. Proc. Zooi. Soc, IS-lN. tifully mottled inside with t.-rtnise-sliell loh.uriiig.

Ihih. Australia.

MONOGRAPH

i)K THE GKNUS

E T H E R I A,

'That which may protit and amuse i.s gathered from the volume ot creation,
For every chajiter tlierein teenieth with the playl'uhiess of wisdom. — 3f. F. Tapper

EtlxTia PI. I.

,,.^

Sowerby,(iel etlith

Vmcent Brooks Dav-i-Sou. Imp

E T H E R I A.

Genus ETHER lA, Lamarrk:

Testa inaquivalvis, bimusculosa, irregularis, per valvam
inferiorem adhcerens, foliacea, frequenter vesicu-
laris, epidermide crasso, olivaceo induta ; intus mar-
garitacea. Margo cardincdis arcuato, edentulo,
foliaceo, valvcB inferioris plus minusve producto.
Ligamentum externum parlim in sulcum dispositmn,
partim super aream cardinalem ejcpansum.
Shell inequivalve, biinuscular, irregular, adliering by
the lower valve, foliacooiis, often vesicular,
covered with a thick olive epidermis ; pearly
within. Hinged margin arched, tootliless, folia-
ceous, that of the lower valve more or less pro-
duced. Ligament external, part placed in a
groove, part spread over the cardinal area.
It does not ajipear necessary to divide the numerous
forms of this genus into more tlian two species, namely
the Etheria eUiptica and Etheria Cailliaudi. They
occupy the large rivers of Africa : the former the Nile
and the Senegal, and the latter the Nile only, above
the Cataracts. Etheria Stephanensis, from the great
South American River Amazon, has been with great
propriety separated under the generic name Babte-
LETTIA. The Etherise may be simply designated
" Fresh-water Oysters," and some of the specimens
are not without beauty, arising from the pearly
structure of the interior, and (when unworn) the
striped wavings of the green epidermis.

March.

^p(•t;les

(Mus. Brit.)

Etiiehia elliptica. EiIi. festd solidiusculd, irregulari,
Iwvigatd, imirmatd; epidermide conrenirice strifjato ;
ared cardinali trigond, valvcB inferioris moderate
producto ; apicibus subdistantibus ; impressionibus
inuscularibus magnis, untied semilunari.

The elliptical Ethehia. Shell rather solid, irregular,
smooth, unarmed ; epidermis concentrically striped,
cardinal area trigonal, that of the lower valve
moderately produced ; apices somewhat distant ;
muscular impressions large, the anterior one semi-
lunar.

Lamap.ck. Anim. s. vert, tome 6. Etlicria, No. 1.

Etheria semilunaris, Lamarck.

Etheria trigonula, Lamarck.

Etheria Carteroni, Michelin.

Etheria Lamarckii, Ferrussac.

Etheria plumbea, Ferrussac.

Etheria transversa, Lamarck.

Hob. The River Senegal and the River Nile.

The above specific synonyms result from those
endless variations to which all attached shells of
foliaceous structure, whether marine or freshwater,
are liable. From the Lamarckian names we select the
first in numerical order.

EtImriaTh.n.

II m

1i

^ih

i%

.3. b. /

i

f

Sowe,:xv,dfl.etlith.

'ir.oent .3r ooks.Day & Son. .Imp

ETHER I A.

Plate II.

Species 2. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

Etheria Cailliaudi. Eth. iestd foliared, irvegulari,
IcBvigatd, tulerculis spiniformihus tubi/e7'is, aliis ^
extantibus, aliis decumbentibus armatd ; intus Jre- j
quenter vesicularis ; valvd inferiori nonnunqvam '
profundd, concamrrata, area cardinali valdc
attenuatd.

Cailliauu's Etheria. Shell foliaceous, irregular,
smooth, armed with spiniform tubiferous tubercles, [
some outstanding, others decumbent; often vesi- i
cular within ; lower valve sometimes deep con-
camerated, with cardinal area very much
attenuated.

Marcl

Ferrussac. Mem. Soc. H. Nat., t. i. p. 150.

Etheria tubifera, Sowerby.

Hah. The River Nile, chiefly above the Cataracts.

This species is of a lighter structure than the pre-
ceding ; there is a tendency to form blister-like
vesicles on the inner surface, and the substance of the
lower valve is chambered and deepened at the hinge,
which is sometimes, as seen in the specimen figured,
much prolonged. A specimen in the British Museum
is about eighteen inches in length, one third of the
length being occupied by the upper valve.

, 1S72.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

MULLERIA. BARTELETTIA,

■ It is ail admirable lore to learn the cause iu the chauge,
To study the chemistry of nature, her grand but simple secrets.
To search out all her wonders."— ilf. F. Tupper.

MuUeria and, B artelelUa..

l-a: lb. Z.a, 2.1.

v'Sowerby del et lilli

Vmcent Br ooks Day &Son. Imp.

B A R T E L E T T I A

AND MULLERIA.

Genus BARTELETTL\, Adams.

Testa bimusculosa, suhcequivalvis, Wicra, ovato-suh-
trigona, irregularis, valde inccquilatcrali, intus
margaritacea. Area cardinalis hrevis. Ligamen-
tum in sulcum dispositum. Apices approximati.
Impressiones musculares distantes, antico perparvo.

Shell bimuscular, subequivalve, free, ovately subtri-
gonal, irregular, very inequilateral, pearly within.
Cardinal area short. Ligament placed in a sulcus.
Apices approximate. Muscular impressions dis-
tant, tlie anterior one very small.

The very curious species forming this genus was
first described by Moricand as an Etheria. But the
fact of its being a free and nearly equivalve shell, and
otherwise very singular in its structure, is sufficient to
justify its generic separation. It is an inhabitant of
the Eiver Amazon. Although distinctly bimuscular,
it may be considered, from the very small size of the
anterior cicatri.x, and from the great development of
the posterior side of the shell, as helping to bridge
over the passage from the Bimuscular as represented
by Etheria, and the Unimuscular as represented by our
nest genus, Mulleria.

Species 1. (Fig. 2, a, h, Mus. Brit.)
Bakteletti.^ Stephanensis. Bar. testd trigono-stib-
reniformi, sulirregulari, antice attciiuatd, coarc-

tatd, diffonni, costis tuherculiferis irregulanhus
rugatd ; medio ad marginem ventralem sinvatim
amtracto ; postice tumido, angulatim expanse, con-
centrice subnigato, txLberculis subobsoletis ; externe
epidermide olivaceo-fusco indutd ; marginibiis an-
ticis laqueatis ; vmbonibus regularibus, suhquad-
ratis, antice lix productis.

SiEriiANsrs Bartelettia. Shell trigonal-subreniform,
rather irregular, anteriorly attenuated, contracted,
deformed, wrinkled with irregidar tuberculated ribs ;
in the middle sinuously contracted at the ventral
margin ; posteriorly tumid, angularly expanded,
concentrically somewhat wrinkled, with suliob-
solete tubercles; externally covered with an olive-
brown epidermis ; anterior margin fluted ; um-
boes regular, subquadrate, anteriorly scarcely
produced.

MoKicAND (Etheria). Journal of Conchology, 1856, p.
178.

Hub. River Amazon, South America.

The umbonal region or nucleus of the shell presents
the appearance of a young cardita, with the anterior
side very small. Afterwards the shell becomes irre-
gular, slightly so at the posterior side, and very much
so at the anterior side, where it is much contracted,
and although produced only partially developed. The
anterior muscular impression is very small, and half
hidden under the thickened edge of the shell.

Genus MULLERIA, Fen-ussac.

Testa irregularis, foliacea ; valde incequivalvis, cetaie
juniori libera, himusculosa, modioliformis ; atate
seniori adhcerens, unimusculosa, unilateralis ; in-
tUs mari/ai-iiacea. Margo cardinalis arigustiis, liga-
mentum partim internum. Ir/ipressio muscularis sub-
rotundus, posticus. Impressio pallii usque ad mar-
giiwm cardinalem continuus.

Shell irregular, foliaceous ; very inequivalve, in the
young stage free, bimuscular, modioliform ; in
the adult stage attached, unimuscular, one-sided ;
pearly within. Hinge margin narrow, ligament
partly internal. Muscular impression somewhat
rounded, posterior. Impression of the mantle
continued as far as the hinge margin.

In a very early stage this shell appears to be a re-
gularly formed bimuscular bivalve, resembling a Unio
or Modiola, with very small anterior development,
soon ceasing entirely. The posterior then lengthens
without e.xpanding, and by the union of the two valves
a short tube is formed, at the end of which the further
development and the expansion of this posterior part
forms a large irregular bivalve externally resembling
an Etheria. The absence of the anterior muscle-mark
is accounted for by the fact that the anterior part of j
the shell has never been developed after the first
nucleus. There seems little reason to suppose with

some, that the muscular impressions have been united,
for the mantle-mark, which in bimuscular shells passes
li-om one muscle-mark to the other, would, in the case
supposed, form a loop and rectum to the posterior
muscle-mark, whereas it can be traced even into the
cavity beneath the hinge, and would probably, if not
obliterated, be found to reach the little anterior muscle-
mark in the original nucleus.

Thus, in Etheria we have, beyond the first nucleus,
simply an e-xjiansion of the posterior, to the almost
entire extinction of the anterior side of the shell. The
anterior muscle becomes extinct from disuse. In the
preceding genus, B.\rtelettia, we have a very dispro-
portionate development of the hinder side with a
very minute anterior muscle-mark.

Species I. (Fig. 1, a, b, c. Mus. Brit.)

MuLLERiA LOBATA. Mid. testd transverse ovatd, vlivaceo-
viridi, foliaced ; valvd infciiori plerumque com-
jdanatd, tuhcrculis tuhiformihus armatd ; nucko
modioliformi, minuto, margaritaceo.

The lobed Mulleria. Shell transversely ovate,
oUve-green foliaceous ; lower valve generally
flattened, armed with tube-formed tubercles
Nucleus modioliform, minute, pearly.

Ferrussac. Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat.

Hab. liiver Magdala, near Bogota.

March, 1872.

MONOGRAPH

OF THK (JRNUS

SOLENELLA AND NEILO,

' 111 depths beneath the dark ivd ocean's waves." — Campbell.

Sclcnclla and Ndif PL I.

i

-J'

Soworby.delet lith.

Vmceiiliirooks.Dny <SJSon,lit}i

SOLENELLA AND N E I L 0.

Genus SOLENELLA, Sowerhy.

Testa bivnlviKi bimuscidosa, transverse oblonga, ntrinqne
Mans. Ligamentum externum conspivuum. Impressio
pallii sinuata. Margo cardinalis antice dentibus
paucis, postice numerosis, acutis, crectis armatus.

Shell bivalve, bimuscular, gaping at both ends. Liga-
ment external, conspicuous. Palteal impression
sinuated. Hinge margin armed with sharp, erect
teeth, few anteriorly, numerous posteriorly.

The two first published species of this genus are
South American, one from Valparaiso and the other
from the Falkland Islands. The new species now
presented is Australian; although possessed of the
sharp row of teeth so characteristic of the Nuculida,
the Solenella have no place in the family, because they
have a prominent external ligament and no cartilaginous
pit.

Species \. (Mus. Leckenby.)

S0LENELL.\ SUB.EQUALIS. Sol. tCStd brevi, SIlb-CBqui-

laterali, utrinque subacuminatd, viridi-olivaced ;
latere postico parum latiore laliusculo, margine
dorsali rectiusailo, margine laterali declivi, ad
teiinhmm acuminata^ margine ventrali siirsum
acclivi ; medio recto ; latere antico subtrigono.
The sub-equal Solenella. Shell short, subequila-
teral, rather acuminated at both ends, olive-
green ; posterior side a little wider, dorsal margin
nearly straight, lateral margin sloped downwards,
acuminated at the end ; ventral margin sloped
upwards, straight in the middle ; anterior side
subtrigonal.

SOWERBT.

Hab. Australia.

In Solenella No/Tissii, the posterior side is the
shorter ; in Sol. Cumingii it is the longer, but in the
present species the sides are nearly equal in length, the
umboes being central.

Si-ocies •>. (Fig. a, b, Mus.)
N.iiMilssii. Sol. tc.itd siiboratil

piKdralii. Into, ml ,

rt prop.'
rto, Huh-

gine vciUnili recto ; latere antico breriore, angu.-ito,
ad termiuiim suhacitminato, prope marginem
ventrakm lerlter triiiirato.

NoRRis's Solenella. Shell stibovate, much com-
pressed, olive-green brown-banded, within and
near the umboes orange-brown ; posterior side
straight, subquadrate, wide, obtusely angulated ;
ventral margin straight ; anterior side shorter,
narrow, subacuminated at tlie end, slightly trun-
cated near the ventral margin.

SowEuiiY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1832.

Mallet ia Chilensis, Desmarest.

Cteroconrhus Nuculoides, Blainville.

Ilab. Valparaiso.

In this species the umboes are much nearer the

anterior than the posterior end.

Species 3. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)
Solenella Cumingil Sol. tc.'ftA ovatd, conve.dhscvld,
fasciis pallidis biradiatd ; latere postico brevius-
culo, lata, infrd, oblique subtruncato, ad iermimim

obtusi

ang

ulato ,

'rgine ventrali parum ron-

vexo, latere postico longiiosculo, rotuiidatim acu-
minato.

Cuming's Solenella. Shell ovate, rather convex,
rayed with two pale bands ; posterior side rather
short, wide, obliquely subtruncated beneath, very
obtusely angular at the end ; ventral margin a
httle convex, posterior side rather lengthened,
roundly acuminated.

Hanlet. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 18(10.

Hab. Falkland Islands.

The position of the umboes in this species is exactly

the reverse of that in the jireceding, being nearer the

posterior end.

October, 1870.

N E I L 0.

Genus NEILO, Adams.

Tatta biaalvis, himusculosa, transverse ohloiiga, concen-
trice lirata, utrinque clausa, Margo cardinalis
dentihus numerosis erectis utrinque arinatns. Liga-
inentum externum, conspiciium.

Shell bivalve, bimuscular, transversely oblong, con-
centrically ridged, closed at both ends. Hinge
margin armed with numerous erect teeth on both
sides. Ligament external, conspicuous.

Species. (Fig. 4, Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Neilo australis. Nei. iesid snbrhombed, verilricosd,
concentrice tenuiter lirata, incequilaterali ; latere
postico oblongo, recto, oblique angulato, inter
angulum umbonalem et marginem dorsalem depresso ;
margine dorsali produeto, margine tenninali suprd

rostrato, infrd, subtnincato ; vmbonilnis 2>rominen-
tibus, margine ventrali rectivsculo ; latere antico
hrevi, supe7'ne angulato.

The AUSTRALIAN Neilo. Shell subrhomboidal, ven-
tricose, concentrically finely lirated, inequilateral ;
posterior side oblong, straight, obliquely angular,
depressed between the umbonal angle and the
dorsal margin ; dorsal margin produced, terminal
margin rostrated above, subtruncated beneath ;
umboes prominent, ventral margin rather straight ;
anterior side short, angular above.

QuoT ET Gaimard (Nucula), Voyage de I'Astrolabe.

Neilo Cumingii, A. Adams.

Ctenoconcha naciaila, Valenciennes.

Hab. New Zealand.

This shell has very much the form of the Arctic
yoldia, but like Solenella, it presents the character of
an external ligament and no cartilage pit.

MONOGRAPH

OF TIIK GENUS

P H 0 L A D 0 M Y A.

■ Frail, but of force to withstaiul.
Year upon year the shock
Of cataract seas that snap
The three-decker's oaken spine." — Ti-i

Pholadvinya Fl. /

SoweibyuVltib),

■WnccntBrooks D«r i Sou Imp

V II 0 L A D 0 M Y A.

(ienus PHOLADOMYA, Soworby.
Ttsin liivalvis, wqnivalvis, transven^e ohlotiga, tenuis,
utriiiijue hiaiis, cosiis radiata, antici brevibiis, /wftice
pioductu, giibtriincatis. Cardo foveola elongato-
mhtrigona et lamina mnryinali in vlrurpie valvd.
Ligamentum externum, hrevinscvhnn. Imprescioni-s
musculares duce, indistinctce. ; ■pallii imprcssio late
siituata.
Shell bivalve, equivalve, transversoly oblong, tliin,
gaping on both sides, rayed witli riUs, short in
front, produced and snbtnincated posteriorly.
Hinge with an elongated, subtrigonal pit and a
marginal lamina in each valve. Ligament external,
rather short. Muscular impressions two, indistinct;
impression of the mantle ^videly sinuatcd.
The one recent species known of this .-iingularly
isolated genus is from the island of Tortola. on the
shores of which it is sometimes, but very rarely, tlirown
up by violent ocean .storms. It is a revival of a very
ancient fossil form, of which there are numerous well-
known species. The worn hole in the umboes observed
in all the specimens, results from their close approxi-
mation, causing them to rub against eacli other with
the action of the valves.

fFiL-. .^ />, c, Mas,

/'//

;'"/'.'

epid,nniil, toiiii, lii„,il,i. ■
tricvsd, riigasd, tniii>i-ii
brevi, subrutuiidd, hilr In
obliquis nodii lifer in, in lilt

V-<i<Wi, alba,
(liai/i itti, ven-
latere antico
rti'inU'i, medio costis
lalis radiata ; latere

uhb.n

posiico producto, lati: hianti, subUsvigato, suboblique
truncato, margine dorsali rectiiisculo, ventrali postice
siibinjlato ; umhonibus prominenlibns, approximatis,
perforatis.

The white PiioL.\noMV.\. Shell papyraceous, white,
covered with a thin striped epidermis, subiridescent,
ventricose, rugose, transversely oblong; anterior side
short, a little rounded, broadly gaping, wrinkled,
rayed in the middle with oblique noduliferous ribs;
po.sterior side produced, widely gaj)ing, rather
smooth, rather obliquely truncated, dorsal margin
rather straight, ventral posteriorly a little inflated ;
umboes prominent, approximate, perforated.

SuWEUHY. Genera of Eecent and Fossi! Shells.

Hub. Island of Tortola.

M 0 N 0 (x R A P H

OF THE GENUS

S U C C I N E A

" I come from haunts of coot and hovnr-Tennyson.

'y^^^..

A

5h^

Sucrinea PL I

Sowerby, del etliLh

VmcenL Brooks DeiyS-. Son, Imp.

S U C C I N E A.

Genus SUCCINKA, Jh-apanmud.

Testa ovato-pyramidata, cornea, imperforata, spira
brevi, anfractu ultimo magnd ; apertura mw/na,
lahio columellari frequenter unipUcato ; labio crterno
acuto.
Shell ovate-pyramidal, horny, imperforate, spire short,
last whorl large ; aperture large, columellar lip
frequently vfith a single plait ; outer lip sharp.
Lr/n. Lucena, Oken. Amphihulirmis, Blainville.

The shells of this genus are not to be distinguished
from those of Li/mncea by any definable character, yet
most of them, following the type Siiccinea piitris, are
of a more glossy and transparent texture. The animal,
however, differs materially from Lyinncea, and is
generally too large to be wholly withdrawn within the
shell. It is amphibious, but generally more inclined
to the aerial than to the aquatic clement, and lives on
reeds and other plants on the borders of rivers. In all
parts of the world, wherever there are rivers and river
plants, there are Succinece to be found, especially in
temperate climates, where they are most common.
Some of the Indian species are among the handsomest.

Species 1. (JIus. Benson.)

SucciNEA coLLiNA. Suc, testd obloii(jo-ov<ttd, corneo-
rubescenti, semipellucidd, ImtngtUd, nonnunquam
rugatd ; spird elevatd, anfractibiis disfinctis, roiun-
datis ; anfractu ultimo magna, oblongo, prope
suturam tumido ; aperturd ohlongo-ovatd, labio
columellari subreflexo, vix jMcato.

The hill Succisea. Shell oblong-ovate, reddish-horny,
semipellucid, smooth, sometimes wrinkled ; spire
elevated, whorls distinct, rounded ; last whorl
large, oblong, tumid near the suture ; apertvire
oblong-ovate, columellar lip a little reflected,
scarcely plaited.

Blasfoi;d. MS.

llab. Mahabaleslnvar, India.

-Species i. (Mus. Benson.)

Si-cciNEA Indica. Suc. testd auf/ustd, pyramidald,
stramiiii'd, liris conspititis rugatd ; spird elevatd,
attenvatd, acuminatd; anfractu ultimo postiri:
attenuato antice fere angulato ; aptrturd siib-
pyramidatd, intils fused.

The iNniAN Sqccinea. Shell narrow, pyramidal, straw-
coloured, wrinkled with conspicuous ridges; spire
elevated, attenuated, acuminated ; last whorl pos-
teriorly, attenuated, anteriorly almost angular;
aperture subpyramidal, brown within.

Pl-EiKFER. Proe. Zc.cl. Soc, 1.S4;), p. i;i;{.

Uab. Bheemthal, India.

Specie

(Mus.

SucciNEA ELEGANS. Suc. testd elongatd, angustd, sub-
pyramidatd, succined, iranslucidd, Icevigatd ; spird
elevatd, anfractibus productis, rotund o*o-ovalis ;
anfractu idtimo, versus apicem elongate ; aperturd
subpyramidatd, breviusculd.

The ELEGANT SucciNEA. Shell elongated, narrow,
subpyramidal, amber - coloured, transparent,
smooth ; spire elevated, whorls produced, roundly-
ovate ; last whorl elongated towards the apex ;
aperture subpyramidal, rather short.

Risso. Vol. iv. p. 5 'J.

Hab. England. Europe generally.

The distinctness and roundness of the whorls of the

spire marks a specific difference between this species

and Succinta putris and S. gracilis. In both of the

latter the spiral whorls are sloped and not rounded.

Species 4. (Mus. Benson.)

SucciNEA CHASsinscuLA. Suc. testd rotundato-ovatd ,
pallide corned, laevigata, crassiusculd ; spird ex-
sertd, aifractibm rotundis nonnuiiquain

November, 1872.

rubcsct

SUCCIXEA.— Plate I.

fibus, anfractu ultimo ovato ; aperiurCi longitudine
viediocri, antice expansd, lahio interna reflexo.

The thicker Succinea. Shell rounded- ovate; pale
horn, smooth, rather thick ; spire prodiiced, whorls
rounded, sometimes rather red, last whorl ovate ;
aperture of medium length, anteriorly expanded,
inner lip reflected.

Benson. MS.

Hab. Bundelkhund, Punjaub.

The texture of this shell is a little thicker than most

of the species.

Species 5. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Benson.)

Succinea Gienarica. Sur. testd magna, ocato-sub-
p;/ramidatd,Jusco-J-iibegcenti, Icevigatd, scmiopacd ;
ipird cxsertd, pt/rmnidatd, anfractibus rotundatis,
ilistiiictis ; anfractu ultimo magno, versus suturum
atteimato, infrd, subangulato ; aperturd magnd,
antice productd, expansd ; labia columellari arcuato.

The Girnar Succinea. Shell large, ovate-subpyra-
midal, reddish brown, smooth, semi-opaque ; spire
exserted, pyramidal, whorls rounded, distinct;
last whorl large, attenuated towards the suture,
subangular below ; aperture large, anteriorly
produced, expanded ; columellar lip arched.

Theobald. Jour. Asiat. Soc, Bengal.

Hab. Girnar Hills, Gujorat.

One of the finest and largest of all the species,

presenting in some varieties a beautil'ul claret jjurple

or pink colour.

Species 6. (Mus. Benson.)

Succinea Baconi. Sue. testd subrotundd, pallide
stramined, vitrmd, tenuissimd, translucidd ; spird
pai-vd, anfractu secundo inflalo ; anfractu ultimo
maximo, globoso ; aperturd maximd, expansd.

Bacon's Succinea. Shell subrotund, pale straw, glassy,
very thin, transparent; spire small, second whorl
inflated ; last whorl very large, globose ; aperture
very large, expanded.

Pkeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18.")-1, p. 298.

Hab. Calcutta.

A very light, bubble-like species.

species

(Mus.

Succinea Bensoni. Sue. testd parva, solidiiisculd,
subviridi, ovatd, obliqud, Icevigatd; spird elevatd,
anfractibus subovatis, iiiflatis ; anfractu ultimo
ovato; aperturd oblongd, postici; prope suturam
convexo, antice subexpanso.

Benson's Succinea. Shell small, rather solid, greenish,
ovate, oblique, smooih ; spire elevated, whorls
rather oval, inflated; last whorl oblong, posteriorly
convex near the suture, anteriorly slightly ex-
panded.

Peiffeu. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1819, p. 1;33.

Hab. Moradabad.

■Sj leaned Fl. JI.

h

\

4

4

4

Sowei-'bv (lei t-l lith

Vi7irt-.iil Brool«3 Dav&. Son. Imp,

S U C C I N E A,

Species 8. (Mus. Sowerby.)

SucciNEA CAMPEsriils. Sitc. tcstd brci'i, venlricosd.
albidd, opacd, fasciis lonyilndimdihus subiliaphani.-
(listanter variegatd ; s/n'rd pared, acuminatd, an-
fractihus 4, ultimo lata, prope nctiiram iiimidi-
ttsculo.

The field Sitcinea. Sliell slun-t ventricose, white,
opake, varied at distant intervals with longitudinal ]
subdiaplianous bands ; spire small, acuminated, I
whorls 4 ; the last wide, rather tumid near the
suture.

Say. PiFr. Symb. Heliceorvnn. PI. 4, f. li'.

Hal). New York.

Species 9. (Mus. Benson.)

SfCclNEA semisericea. Suc. testd lireri, obliqud, vcntri-
cosd, suhjlavidd, opacd, teiiuiler lo)i(/iln(/iiialiter
striutd, ; apird prnductd, aiij'raclu penidtiino oUi<pie
subpi/ramidato, idtimo obliipic ocntrii-oao : a/iertiird
antice expatisd.

The half-silky Succinea. Shell short, obliciue, ventri-
cose, j'ellowish opake, finely longitudinally striated ;
spire produced, penultimate whorls obliiniely sub-
pyramidal, the last obliquely ventricose, aperture
anteriorly expanded.

Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1840, vol. ii. p. lOd.

Hab. Tavoy, Birmah.

The strite give a sort of texture like that of corded
silk to this shell.

Species 10. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Jeffreys, &c.)
SucciXEA PUTRis. Siic. tcstd oblique ovato-dangatd,
ventricosd, subdiaphand, succined, lauujatd, nitenti ;
spird pyramidatd, aiifraclu pennltimo producto ;
aperturd maijnd, ubiii/tid, lahio interno subarciiato,
elongiilo.

Angus

The KIVEI!-DltAIN SrcclXKA. Sh, 1

elongated, venlricdsr, sululiapl
loured, smooth, sliiniiig : spii
whorl produced ; aperture lar;.
lip rather arched ; elongated.

LiNN^u.s (Helix). Systema Naturae.

Succinea amphibia, And.

Succinea Pfcijj'eri, Kossmasler.

Succinea brumcari, Steutz.

Succinea bullince, Zeigler.

Succinea cah/cina, Menke.

Succinea intermedia, Beau.

Hab. Kurope, by the side ol ditches

This is the more oval form of the s
is to be considered as one with it.

S. ,/r<ir;(i.<

Species 11. (Mus. Brnsou.)

Succ:

„/,/„,

..hloliqA,

cutd.piiris ralidi.-< l<,„,/itudijialilrr riigatd. pallida;

spird ccfertd, unfractii pinnltiiuo percloiiijato :

aperturd trapeziformi, eibliijiid, labia externo cras-

siusculo.
The PLICATED SUCCINEA. Shell oblicjuely oblong, rather

thick, longitudinally wrinkled with strong plaits,

pale ; spire inserted, last whorl much elongated ;

aperture trapeziform, oblique, outer lip rather

thick.
BLAXfi>i;D. Asiatic Society of Bengal. ISGo, pi. "2. vol.

xxxiv. p. SO.
Hab. Tongoop, Aracan.

Species \-2. (Mus. Brit.)

Succinea picta. Sue. testd lata, oblique expansd, diet-
phand, irretjulariter lonrjitudinaliter nigatd, sub-
viridi, intiis subcwruleo-albidd, .vibopacd, gubiri
descenti ; .<pird pared, rotundd. rubesecnti ; api rtiin'i
maximd, oeafd.

1872.

SUCCINEA.— Plate II.

Tilii I'AtNTiiu SucciNEA. Shell broad, obliquely expanded,
diaphanous, irregularly longitudinally wrinkled,
subviridous, within bluish white, . subopake, sub-
iridescent, spire small, rounded, reddish ; aperture
very large, ovate.

II. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, is-t'.l, p. P.'i'-

Ilab. Diana's Peak, St. Elena.

The inside of the mouth has a silvery nietallic ap-

])carance.

Species 13. (Mus. Benson.)

Sfcci.NEA ACUMINATA. Suc. testd injramulata, acund-
natd, siicdi:<;<'i, lemri ; spird pyramidatd, anfractihus
(luobns, parvis, lateribu^ recti's ; aperturd pyrami'
datd, antice oUupie expmisd, lahio cdbimdhiri
rectiusculo.

The ACUMINATED SucciNKA. Shell pyramidal, acumi-
nated, amber-coloured, thin; spire pyramidal,
whorls two, small, sides straight; aperture pyra-
midal, obliquely expanded in front, cnlumellar lip
rather straight.

Blanfow.. Proc. Zool. Soc, 186i), p. 449.

//„/,. Momein in Unan, India.

Resembling the Enropenn ,'<iicc/iu'ii pufris, but

more straight-sided and pyramiilal.

Species 14. (Mus. Benson.)
SucciN'EA nuTiLANS. Svc. testd siihn'fo-sucfiiied, su/>-

diaphand, tenui, rectiusculd, vvato-nntricosd, spird
(ibfiisd, anfractihus vix tribus, pcmdtbiio ventiicoso ;
aperturd suhovatd, labia interna crassiiisculo,
arcuate.

The r.ED Succixea. Shell reddish amber, subdia-
phanous, thin, rather straight, ovate ventricose^
spire obtuse, wliorls scarcely three, the last ventri-
cose ; aperture subovate, inner lip rather thick,
arched.

Blanedud. Journ. Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1870,
p. 298; Monograph of Helices, vol. iv. p. 8(i4.

II ah. Calcutta.

Species 15. (Mus. Sowerby.)

SucciNEA STRIGATA. Suc. teuuiter lirutd, jxdlide fused,
tenui, breviusculd, pyramidatd, spird jyj-oductd,
anfractihus prominentibus, suhovatis, penultinw et
ultimo ventrirosis, apertwd obliqud, suhovatd, longi-
tudine mediocri, labia e.cterno superne obliquo, lahio
cdhimellari vix rejlexo.

The sTiuPED Succinea. Shell finely Urate, pale-brown,
thin, ratlier short, pyramidal, spire produced,
whorls i^rominent, subovate, the penultimate and
last ventricose, aperture oblique of middling length,
the outer lip oblique above ; columellar lij>
scarcely reflected.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1854, j.. 132.

Ilah. Australia.

S'urrmnf PI. Ill

^

4

k

i

I

"^ ^

Soworby del eL IjIL

Vincenl Br(x)lc3 Day toon. Imp

S U C C I N E A.

Pl.a

III.

Species 1(5. (.Mus. .Irffreys, &e.)

SucciNEA GHACli.is. Suc. 1681(1 oblicjiie floiigatd, ani/ustd,
diaphandjsuccined, hniffatd, niteiiti, spird eleganter
productd, anfraclu penultiiiio altenuato ; apertuvd
poHice aUemiatd,ohlirpid : lahio iiiitrno siiharciiatu,
(laitij. elomjato.

The SLEXDEi; Scccixea. .Shell obliquely elongated,
narrow, diaphanous, amber-coloured, smooth,
shining; spire elegantly produced, last whorl at-
tenuated; aperture posteriorly taperinj,', oblique;
inner lip somewhat arched, elongated.

Aldeh. Magazine of Zoology and Botany, vol. ii. [>. IdG.

Hah. England and Europe generally.

It is doubtful whether there is a real and permanent

di.stinotion between this species and Snceinfn piitris.

Species 17. (Mus. Sowerby.)

SuccixEA Tottesiana. !Suc. lestd oblique ventncosd,
diaphand, subviHde sucdned ; spird bren, pauri-
spiraid, anfractihus mhovatis, prominentibua, ultimo
obliquo, injlato, antice oblique expanso : lahio interuo
arcuato.

Totten's Succinea. Shell obliquely ventricose, dia-
phanous, greenish amber; spire short, with few-
volutions, whorls subovate, prominent, the last
oblique, inflated, obliquely expanded in front ;
inner lip arched.

Lea. Pffr. Symb. Heliceorum, p. V.M.

JIah. Cape Elizabeth.

Species l.S. (Mus. Sowerby. )
Succinea ovalis. Sue. testd attenuatd, i-vhpi/ramiddtd,
tmnslucidd, subannmtio-succined, teimissimd, gpini
acuminatd, subretrorsd, anfractu ijenultimo atle-
nunto, ultimo oblique snhjnjrainidato ; iipertvrd
antice oblique sube.rpanso.

The oval Scccinea. Shell attenuated, sulipyraniidal,
translucid, rather orange-amber, very thin; spire
acuminated, a little turned backwards, the penul-
timate whorl attenuated, the last obliquely sulipy-
ramidal ; aperture somewhat e.Kpanded olili(iuel\
in front.

Sav. In (iould's Invertebrata of Massjichusetts, p. I'.i4,
f. 1 •_'.').

Hah New York.

Much like the European Succinea ;jraeili<, but with
the slope of the sides more gradual.

Species 1'.).

(Mus. Benson.)

SUCCIN'EA DArCIXA. Ni

e. testd reetihscuid. subocatd,

t^iihannlNlio-l'iisrd.

teiiiii. Iari,,atd, spird elevatd,

;//,s .• iijK liiird lorKjitudinc me-

(ll,Hi-i, aiilie; latiiis

'idii, lahic e.rlenio prope futuraiu

ilimido, lid mediuif

reeliii-^eulo, lahio interna .■-■»/<-

The little cahkot Sl'CCIXea. Shell rather straight,
subovate, rather orange-brown, thin, smooth ;
spire elevated, whorls attenuated ; aperture of
medium length, rather wide anteriorly, outer liji
tumid near the suture, rather straijjht at the
middle, inner lip subreflected.

I'EEIl FEU. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1854, p. L".l.s.

Hah. Calcutta.

Species 2(i. (P'ig. a, h, Mus. Benson.)
CINEA VITK^EA. Suc. testd ])arviii)<culd, alhd,
translucidd, tenuifsinid, venlricoso - ovatd, S2)ird
acuminatd, anfractihus rotimdatis ; aperturd ovatd,
lone/itudine medioeri, lahio interno suhincrassato,
snhtortuo.

SUCCINEA.— Plate III.

The glassy Succinea. Shell rather small, white,
transparent, very thin, ventricose, oval ; spire
acuminated, whorls rounded ; aperture ovate, of
medium length, innr>r lip rather thickened, a little
tortuous.

Pfeiffei!. Free. Zool. Soc, 18;]4, p. 208.

Hab. Calcutta.

Species 21. (Mus. Brit.)
Succinea TATi-LA. Siic. testd latd, subquadrata, cnis-

siiisculd, posfice purpurascenti, antice subviridi ;

spira brevi, subretrorsd., anfractu ultimo superne

angulato : aperturd magna, patidd, (juadratd ;

labia exteimo posttce angulato, latere recto ; labia

interno mbrejle.xo, torttio.
The p.atl'lous Scccinea. Shell broad, subcpuidrate,

rather thick, posteriorly purplish, anteriorly rather

.gi-een ; spire short, slightly recurved, last whorl

angular above ; aperture large, patulous, quadrate ;

outer lip posteriorly angular, straight at the side ;

inner lip a little reflected, tortuous.
Bruguieri. Encyclopedia Methodica.
AmphihtiUma rucuJlata, Lamarck.
[lab. ?

Species 22. (Fig. ,i, h, .Mus. Brit.)
Succinea vermeta. Snr. testa mbovatd, nctiiiscnld

pijramidatd, corned, mbdiapliand ; spird productd,
anfractibus ventricosis, ovato-rotundis, tdtimo ovato ;
aperturd breviuscidd ; labio interno tortuo.

The worm-like Succinea. Shell subovate, rather
straight, pyramidal, horny, subdiaphanous ; spire
produced, whorls ventricose, ovately rounded, the
last oval ; aperture rather short ; inner lip
tortuoiis.

Sav. New Harmony Disseminator.

Succinea avara, Pfeiffer.

Hab. New Harmony, United States.

Species 23. (Fig. a, b, JIus. Jetfreys, &c.)

Succinea oblonga. Sue. testd parvd, solidiusculd, tawi,
ovatd, corned, ad spiram snbrtihescenti : .•<pird
promimild, anfractibus sulirnlti/idis. id/imn oralo :
aperturd breviuscnla, subvrat'i. hij.m fjfnno anlice
snbexpanso, labio interno ti inii, .^iibni-riai/ii.

The oblong Succinea. Shell small, rather solid, smooth,
ovate, horny, reddening towards the spire ; spire
rather prominent, whorls rather rounded, the last
ovate ; aperture rather short, subovate, outer lip
rather expanded in front, inner lip thin, a little

Drai-aknaui). .Moll. Forest, et Fluv.
Ilah. Eucrland and France.

St term fa H. JV,

I

I

VmceiiLBrooks Day \. Son. tap

S U C C I N E A.

Species 24-. (Mus. Brit.)

SucciXEA suD(3KAN-os.\. Sw. tcM jiarcd, iivatd, opacil,
sitbgramiso-rwjatd, pallide corned ; Sjnrd etevatd,
aciiminatd, anfractibus tribus, rotandatis ; aperturd
flavidd, antice oblique productd, labia rolunuUari
subcongpicue tortuo.

The subgkanose Sl-ccinea. Shell sinall. ovatc'. opaque,
rather granvilarly roughened, pale horny ; s|iire
elevated, acuminated, whorls three, rounded ;
aperture yellowish, anteriorly obliquely produced,
columellar lip rather conspicuously tortuous.

Pfeiffek. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1819, p. 132.

Hab. India.

A little species with rounded whorls resembling the
British Succinea oblonira.

Sp,

■2r,. (Mus. Brit.

SUCCINKA CALYCINA. Slir. list:'/ ijnirill i lll'l , fivll'jiltil,

tfnuisaiiiij'h pdllidi: corned, pdlucidd, niUiiti ; s/nni
proi/nctd, (icaminatd, anfnictibus apicalibus parvii<,
fiifci^, peniillinw atteimato : aperturd elonr/atd,
anjustd, iintice subexpansd.

The chalice Succinea. Shell very slender, elongated,
very thin, pale horny, pellucid, shining; spire
produced, acuminated, apical whorls small, brown,
the last attenuated, aperture elongated, narrow,
anteriorly slightly expanded.

Menke. Synopsis, ed. 2, p. 14.

Hab. tiermany.

This species is so long and narrow, that it can
scarcely be a mere yariety of Succinea P/eijferi, a.% some
supposed.

Species 25. (Fig. a. b, Mus. Brit.)

Succinea rubescens. Sue. testd oblique uratd, ventri-
cosd, leviter longitudinal iter striata, opacd, snbpiir-
pureo-rosed, prope marginemetad npiram aurantid :
aperturd, cdbido-rosed, iridescenti ; spird exserld,
obtudusculd, anfractibus duohus : aperturd obliiptd,
ovatd, anrantio marginatd, lahio interno .<ubarcuato,
anfractu ultimo magno.

The reddish Succinea. Shell obliquely ovate, ventri-
cose, lightly longitudinally striated, opaque, pur-
plish-rose, orange near the margin and at the
spire ; aperture whitish-rose, iridescent ; spire
e.xserted, rather obtuse, whorls two ; aperture
oblique, ovate, margined with orange, inner lip
rather arched, last whorl large.

Deshayes. Guerin, Magasin de Conchyliologie, 183o,
pi. 4.

Hab. Gtwdeloujie.

Species 27. (Fig. </, 6, Mus. Brit. )

SccciNKA AiTuo.MMATA. Sur. tcstd clougatd. .<ubpyn-
foniii, viride svceiiicd, pellucidd, versus apicem
ridiescenii, apice acuiinnato, anfractibus rotandatis;
aperturd obliqud subp;/ramidatd. labia coluniellari
tenui, arcuato.

The appro.ximate Succinea. Shell elongated, subpy-
rifonn, bright amber, pellucid, reddish towards
the apex, whorls rounded ; aperture oblique sub-
pyramidal, columellar lip thin, arched.

Shuttleworth ?

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

Less oblique and with more rounded whorJs than
our British Succinea gracilis, which in other respects
it resembles.

August, 1872.

SLTCCINEA.— Plate IV.

(Species 2S. Mus. Brit.)

Si'criNEA LAUTA. Siic. ksti'i subovutd, miKjnu, tenui
subtranslucida , pallide corned, tenuitcr Uratd ; spird
eleoatd, fulvidd, anfractihus apiccdibus parvis, ro-
iundatis, ultimo magiiu, oentricoso ; apertiird
magna, liitd, ovatd, subuhliqud.

TiiK HANDSOME SucciNEA. Shell subdvate, large, thin,
rather transparent, pale horny, finely ridged ; spire
elevated, yellowish-brown, apex whorls small,
rounded, the last large, ventricose ; aperture large,
wide, ovate, rather oblique.

Gould .'

Hab. Hakodade.

A rather fine species, more ventricose and less oblique

than Succinea putris, which it resembles in general

appearance.

Species 29. (Pig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Succinea punctata. Sue. testa subpaiuld, lata, aurco-
fuscd et flavidd, jninctis albidii sei-iatim dispositis
omatd, leviter Uratd, lineis castaneis notatd ; spird
brevissinid, obtusd, anfractu pemdtimo expanso ;
aperturd magna, antke expansd.

The spotted Succinea. Shell rather patulous, broad,
orange-brown and yellow, ornamented with
whitish spots disposed in rows, lightly wrinkled,
marked with chestnut lines; spire very .short,
obtuse, last whorl e.xpanded ; aperture large, ex-
panded in front.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, l.S.')4, p. -.MiT.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

Species :J0. (Mus. Brit.)

Succinea Donettii. Sue. testd waio-aawiiuald, sub-
ventricosd, subopacd, roseo-subpurpured et corned ;
spird brei'ihscidd, anfractu ultimo ventricose, anticc
subexpanso, aperturd .fiiperni' stibangidatd, anticc
subexpansd, intits rosed.

Donetti's Succinea. Shell ovately acuminated, rather
ventricose, subopaque, purplish-rose and horny ;
spire rather short, last whorl ventricose, anteriorly
subexpanded, aperture rather angular above,
anteriorly subexpanded, mse-coloured within.

Pfeiffer .'

Ilab. Coquimbo.

SiiccuLea FI. V.

'AncCTii, BrooV;-, Da^ (5. Sou hup

S U C C T N E A.

Species SI. (Mils. Cmiiiiif: in Brit.)

SucciNEA SOLIDULA. Snc. tcsU'i ventricosti , snbovnta,
leviter Uraid, cnstaneo-corned ; .«/»'m exaerid, anfrac-
tihus fuscis, rentricofiis, ultimo subinjlaio ; aperhird
pallida, longitudine mediocri, labio columdlnn
uniplicato, valde arcuato, labio extemo propi j
mituram subangnlato, antic!' oblitpie e.rpanso.

The solid Succinea. Shell ventricose, subovate,
lightly ridged, chestnut-horny ; spire e.xserted,
whorls brown, ventricose, the lust rather inflated ;
aperture pale, of medium length, columellar lip
single plaited, strongly curved ; outer lip sliglitly
angular near the suture, anteriorly oMinuely
subexpanded.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, ISl'.i, p. i;)I,

Hab. ?

The locality of this species doi-; not ajipear to be
known. It was named from specimens in the late Mr.
Cuming's collection.

Species 32. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Brit.)

Succinea equinoctialis. Sue. testa Kubovato-acuminatd,
tenuissimd, translucidd, pallid'e corned, leviter
liratd ; spira subroseo-fuscd, acuminata ; anfractibus
duolms, ultimo svbventricoso, prope suturam tumidi'
usculo ; aperturd latd, antice expansd, labio colu-
mellari ienui, arcuato.

The equinoctial Succinea. Shell subovate-acuminate,
very thin, transparent, j)ale horny, lightly ridged,
spire pinkish-brown, acuminated ; whorls two,
the last subventricose, rather swelled near the
suture ; aperture wide expanded in front, colu-
mellar lip thin, arched.

D'Orbignv. L'Amerique Meridionale.

Hab. South America.

A very transparent shell, showing a beautifully
ridged surface.

Species o.'). (.Mus. Rrit.)

Succinea latiou. Shc. ti.'ta /ti/ramidald, succinea,
teitui, subpelluci'ld .• ^jiir^l attermatd, anfractibuf^
prodiictis, siibpi/raiiiii/ali.<. /jni/ii- sntwam tnmidia :
aperturd elongald, aiilicr crpausd : labio interne
uniplicato, arcuato.

The WIDEU Succink.\. Shell pyramidal, amber co-
loured, thin, subpellucid; spire attenuated, whorls
produced, subpyramidal, tumid near the suture;
aperture elongated, expanded anteriorly ; inner lip
with one plait, arched.

C. B. Arams. Conchological Contributions, p. :tf>.

//,(/-. Jamaica.

Speci.'s ;34. (Fig. a, h, M\\%. Brit. )
Succinea mammili.ata. Sm-. Uxtd ohlhiiu veniricoM,

vpaoi, la:v!,l"td, rurnr,}, epi<lrnui<i, jl„vi,h-j)u<ro
iiidutd, ri.r ruijatii : .--pin) ohlii.-<d, aiifnh1(l,ii.< npira-
libus maiiiiiiillaiin. ndn scentibus ; aperturd Julvd,
ovato-ohliiihjd, /idiii) i .rtcmo ad suturam deflcxo ;
labio inltriin iiniplirat.i, leviter arcuato.

The mammillated SucciNiiA. Shell obliquely ventricose,
opaque, smooth, horny, covered witli a yellowish-
brown epidermis, scarcely wrinkled ; spire obtuse,
apex whorls mammillated, reddish ; aperture ful-
vous, ovate oblong, outer lip bent downwards at
the suture ; inner lip single-plaited, slightly arched.

Benson ?

Hab. Chili.

Species 35. (Mus. Brit.)

Succinea pcsilla. Sue. testa parvd, sordide cortied,
IcBvigatd, subpellucidd ; spirdfere aperturamlonyi-
tudine cequanti, anfractibus paucis, rotundatis,
ultimo inaynn, ventricoso : aperturd subquadratd,
labio extemo prope suturam de/lexo, labio culuinel-
lari breviusetdo, rectiitscido.

August, 187

SUCCINEA.— Plati; V.

Till; DWAUK SfCclNEA. Shell small, dingy horn co-
loured, smooth, rather pellucid ; spire nearly
equalling the aperture in length, whorls few,
roinided, the last large, ventricose ; aperture sub-
(^uadrate, outer lip bent downwards near the
suture, columellar lip rather short, rather straight.

Pfeifkei:. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1849, p. 134.

ITah. S. America.

Species 3G. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming in Brit.)
lSuccinea Cumingii. Sue. testd ovatd, patuld, obliqud,
o2>aci'i, Icei-igata, rose/),, epidermidf aurantia-fusco
induti't, vel olivacea, lineis castands Jlexuosis
notatd ; spird hrevissiind, anfractu miico subccB-
lato ; aperturd niaximd rosacea, obliqui- expansd,
lahw rolumellari tenui, refexo, arcuato.
Cuming'.s Si'CCiNEA. Shell ovate, patulous, oblique,
opaque, smooth, rosy, covered with an orange-
brown epidermis, marked with flexuous chestnut
lines : spire very short, with a partly concealed

single whorl, aperturt' large, rosy, obliquely ex-
panded, columellar lip thin, reflected, arched.

Pfeiffer. MS. in Cum. Coll.

Hah. Juan Fernandez.

Of a very remarkable patulous form.

species

(Mus. Brit.)

SucciNEA Fki!XanI)1. .'<uc. te.std parvd, subruyosd,
I opacd, alh'uld, ad latera subjlavidd, punctis albidis

inconspicuis notatd ; spird rubro-castaned, anfrac-
\ tihus rotundatis, ultimo ventricoso : aperturd longi-

tudine nw.diocri, intiis pallida.
The Fei:.\an-dez Succinea. Shell small, subrugose,
opaque, white, yellowish at the sides, marked with
white inconspicuous spots ; spire reddish-chestnut,
whorls rounded, the last ventricose ; aperture of
medium length, pale within.
MS. Brit. Mus. ^
Hab. Juan Fernandez.

Siiccuiea. PL. 17.

f

^

&

^_

I

Vjrr.enl Bronk:' l)a.y & Scn.Imp

S U C C I N E A.

Species 38. (Fig. a, b, Mus. WnU)

SucciNE.< Magell.\nic.\. Sue. ti'std sidrotitndatd, sub-
npacij, injlatd, roriied, mhro-fusco tincld, Icevigatd ;
spird breviitsculd, aiij'rartibii.t diiobus, rotundatis,
ultimo inflalo ; aperturd obliqud. nvatd. labia interna
valde arcuato el rejlexo, aniicc Into.

The Magell.w .Succi.\"e.\. Sholl rather rounded,
subopake, iiiHated, horny, tintisd with reddi.sh
brown, smooth ; spire rather short, wliorls two,
rounded, the last inflated ; aperture obliijue, ovate,
inner lip much arched and reflected, broad
anteriorly.

Gould. M,S.

Hah. Magellan.

Species 30. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

SucciNEA Margarita. Sue. testd parvd, ijmcili, siib-
jiyrumidaid, ohscure mccined, loPvi(jntit ; spird
elevatd, anfractu apicali rubegcenti, parru, penul-
timo atlenuato ; aperturd obliqud, aulici' pruductd,
labia cclumellan uniplicato.

The pearl Scccikea. Shell small, slender, sulipyra-
inidal, dull amber-coloured, .smooth; s]jire elevated,
apex wliorl reddish, small, the last attenuated ;
aperture oblique, anteriorly produced, columellar
lip with a single plait.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, !«.").'!, p. Gi).

Hab. St. Domingo.

Species 40. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
SucciNEA Salleana. Suc. testd elangatd, ci/iubcffoj-mi,
nblongd, subdiaphand, mbrased vel pallidi; suceined,
fusco-rubescenti tinctd ; spird minutd, anfractibus
duabus rubesceatibus, anfractu ultimo elonqato,
amplo ; aperturd elangatd ahliqnd, antirr sub-
expansd.

Salle's Succinea. Shell elong.-ited, boat-shaped,
oblong, nearly diaphanous, rather pink or pale
amber, tinted with reddish brown ; spire very
small, with two reddish whorls, last whorl
elongated, full ; aperture elongated, oblique, an-
teriorly subexpanded.

Pfkifkkr. Proc. Zool. Soc., lS41t, ]i. 13:;.

Hid). .New Orleans.

The peculiar form of tin
its being confouiKlcd with

■ful

prevent

Species 41. (Mus. Brit.)

SucciNEA S.\N'CT^ HelEN.E. SuC. testd iililiqwi sxdi-
f/labosd, supei-ne raseo-purpured, infra olivaceo-fuscd,'
Imvigatd, svbopacd ; spird brevissimd, anfractibus
■iiiinutis ; anfractu ultimo rentricuw : apertnrd
irmgnd, antice abliqur pnuhutd : labia coluinellari
tartua, valid!' uniplicata.

The Saint Helena Sitccinea. Shell oblique, sidiglobose,
pinky piu'jde above, olive brown beneath, smooth,
rather opake ; sjiire very short, whorls minute ;
last whorl ventricose ; aperttire large, anteriorly
obliquely produced : columellar liji tortuous,
strongly single pl;iiteil.

LESSfiN". Voyage de la
Hab. St. Helena.

l.">

>pecies

(Fi.

A, Mus. Brit. )

SucciNEA crocata. isuc. tesfd subijlobasd, liratd, sub-
opacd, subrosed, epidermide aurantio vel adusto-
succinea iiidutd : anfractibus ventnrosis, infatit:,
penultinw elevata, oblonga, apicali minimd : aperturd
magnd, rosed vel succineo-diaphand, aiitici: ex-

SUCCINEA.— Plate VI.

paiifa. nulii/iiadrata, Inbio externo postice ad
siiliiiiiiii ilifle.i-o, labio intenw rejkxo, arcuuto.
The sah K'lN Si ccixka. Shell globose, ridged, sutiojiake
pink, covered with :m orange or burnt umber
epidermis; whorls ventricose, inllated, the lust
elevated, oblong, apex whorl extremely small :
aperture large, rosy or transparent amber, an-
teriorly expanded, sciuareish, outer lij) posteriori}
Iient (lownwanls at the suture, inner li]i reflected,
arched.

Ootii-n. .' MS.

Jlob. Naviuator's Island-

Species 43. (Mils. Brit.)

SucciNiiA I'UDORiNA. Siic. testd ovak'i, tenui, liratu.
roseo-aurantia ; spira hrevissimi'i, anfructihus
iliiobus, parvis, rntundutis, anfractu ultimo magno,
(ivaUi ; aperturii magna, subovatii, pallide roseo-
iiiinintia, labfo interna arruaio, va/ide refle.ro.

Till iiLusH SucciNEA. Shell ovate, thin, ridged,
cirange-rose; spire very short, whorls two, small,
rounded, last whorl large, oval; aperture large,
suliuvate, jiale iirange-pink, inner lip arched,
strongly reflected.

GouLi. .' MS. in Brit. Mus.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

Slice mm PI. VII.

4

^

^

h

4

V

Vinecu;. Brooks Day iSon.Jmp

S U C C I N E A.

Species 44. (Mus. Brit.)

SucciNE.\ ciKGUL.\T.\. Suc. testd subpi/raniidati'i, teinu,
Icbviijatd, pallide succined, ad latera Julcd, vlx
translucidd ; spird pi/ramidatd, anfractibv^ diiobus,
anfractu apicali fiisco ; aperturd pyvamidatd
hreviastiuld, labia cohimellari tenni, ledter uniplicato.

The bklted SacciNEA. Shell subpyraniidul, thin, smooth,
pule amber, brownish at the sides, scarcely trans-
lucid ; spire pyramidal, whorls two, apical whorl
brown; aperture pyramidal, rather short, colunu'Uar
lip tMn, slightly single-plaited.

Forbes ?

Hab. IMazatlan.

More straight and pyramidal than most of the
species.

Species 45. (Mus. Brit.)

SucciNr..\ DoMiNlCENSiS. Sue. testa ovato-subtriijond,
I'cntricosd, opacd, albido-Julvd, ad apicem aurantid ;
spird pyramidatd, aperturd longitudine mediocri,
h)tiii< jiavidd ; labia columellari reflexa, rectiibsculo.

The Dominica Succinea. Shell ovate-subtrigonal,
ventrico.se, opaque, whitish fawn, orange at the
ape.x ; spire pyramidal, aperture of medium length,
yellowish within ; coluiuellar lip reflected, rather
straight.

I'KElFKEi:. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hah. Haiti.

Species 40. (Mus. Brit.)

Succinea Baebadensis. Suc. testa subpyravddatd,
vivid'e succined, translucidd, Imvigatd, nitenti, sub-
ohliqud ; spird conicd, a7ifi-actibus duobus ; aper-turd
latiusculd, labia calumellari tenui, recti, suhreflexa.

The Barbadoes Succinea. Shell subpyramidal, bright
amber, transparent, smooth, shining, suboblique ;
spire conical, whorls two ; apertm-e rather broad,
columellar lip thin, straight, a little reflected.

(tuilding. Zoological Journal, vol
Hab. St. Vincent. St. Thomas.

This shell resembles the smallc:
mens of Succinea putris ,• but is le
straight-sided.

iii. pL 27, f.

md bri

obliqi;

Species 47. (Fig. a, b, Mu.s. Brit.)

Hi-cciNEA Havdexi. Suc. ttstd ovata-suboblmigd,
postici' attcnuatd, subrosed, fusco tinctd, lenui,
tineis castaneis notatd, teiiuiter liratd ; spird
elevatd, anfractibus attenuatis, ultimo obliquo ;
aperturd viagnd, antice oblique expansd.

Hayden's Succinea. Shell ovate, rather oblong, pos-
teriorly attenuated, rather pinky, tinted with
brown, thin, marked with chestnut Hul-s, finely
ridged ; spire elevated, whorls attenuated, the
last oblique : aperture large, anteriorly ob-
liquely expanded.

Binney. Land Shells.

Hab. Neliraska.

Species 48. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Succinea plectostoiia. Skc te.itd subglabosd, acu-
minata, ventricos'i, ob/iqmi, ^tibopacd, irurpureo-
fuscd et rased, oblique leviter liratd ; spird brevi,
anfractibus prominent ibus, ultimo et penuluma niag-
nis, apicali auruntio ; aperturd magna, obliqud, intus
Jlaridd, aurinitiii fa.<ciatd, lahlo eoluine/lari irflexo,
obliquo.

The wky-muutiiei.) Succinea. Shell .subgiobose, acumi-
nated, ventricose, oblique, rather opake, purple-
brown and pink, obliquely slightly ridged ;
spire short, whorls prominent, the last and last but
one large, the apical one orange ; aperture large,
oblique, yellowish within, banded with orange,
columellar lip reflected, oblique.

MS. Cuming's collection.

Hab. ?

This beautifid shell resembles Succinea picta in

some degree, but is of a dift'ereut ibrui.

August, 187i

SUCCINEA.— Plate VII.

Species -i'J. (Miis. Brit.)

SUCCINEA NoilTONI. Suc. tcst'i OCdt'i, ncHusriild . veii-
tricos'j, f'lisco-riihescenti, tcnuiler lirnta ; sjiin'i pro-
ductd, aiijractibiis duohiis, ruUiuihiti.? : npertun'i
lonyitudim mediocri, suhrotund'i . Inhio cnhimeUari
leoiter unijdicaio.

NuKTOs's SucciXEA. Shell ovate, rather straight, veiitri-
cose, reddish-browu, finely ridged ; spire produced,
whorls two, rounded; aperture of medium length,
rather rounded, cnlumellar lip .slightly single-
plaited.

Cux. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1871.

Hub. New South Wales.

Species 5>K (Mus. Brit.)

SucciNEA sa(;i;a. .Snc. ttstii ovata, nctiusadd, superne
fusco-rubescenti, infrd, albido-fiavidd, subniyatd ;
spird productd, ventrinosd, anfractibus paucis
semiovatis : nperturd nblongd, labia columellari
medio suhanfjidate. rectiuscuio, leviter xiniplicaio.

The shagreen Succinea. Shell ovate, rather straight,
reddish-brown above, whitish-yellow below, a little
rough ; spire produced, ventricose, whorls lew,
semiovate ; aperttire oblong, coluniellar lip rather
angidar in tlie middle, rather straight, slightly
single-plaited.

D'Orbigsy. Mollusca of Cuba, p. 58, pi. 8, f. 1-:).

Ilab. Island of Cuba

Species .01. (Mus. Brit.)

Succinea pallida. Suc. testd subovatd, corned, pcdlidd,
nubventricosd ; spird elevatd, anfractibus rufo-
fusflis, penuUimo elongato. apicali acuminato :
aperturd longitudine spiram cequanti, labio colmnel-
lari rectiiiscido, labio externa arcuato.

The pale Succinea. Shell subovate, horny, pale, sub-
ventricose ; spire elevated, whorls reddish-brown,
the last elongated, apex acuminated ; aperture
equalling the spire in length, columellar lip rather
straight, outer lip arched.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc. 184G, p. 109.

Hah. Tahiti.

Surrinca PI. VIII,

D^.

^

§

'!)

0

I

4

f.weihy.del fj lnh

''&iaeT!t.Bro(iksDay<S.Sm.Imp

S U C C I N E A.

Platf. VIII.

12, «. Mus. Cum. in Brit.

SucciNt:.\ PICT.\. A very glob
species, from St. Helena.

variety of th

Specie.? 52. (JIus. Brit.)

SucciNF,.\ Del.\l.\xdki. Sue. tcd'i j»/rami(liUi'i, jiaUid?.
succinei'i, pelliicida, l<evi(jata ; spird annintia,
elcvatd, acuniinatn, anfructilnia elongatis, laterihus
recti ttsciil is ; aperturd postici: atlenuatd, antici' suh-
expansd, prope marginem avrantid.

Delalande's Succinea. Shell pyramidal, pale amber,
pellucid, smooth ; spire orange, elevated, acu-
minated, whorls elongated, sides rather straight,
aperture posteriorly attenuated, anteriorly a little
expanded, orange near the margin.

Pfeiffer. MS.

Hub. Cape of Good Hope.

A transparent shell of a peonliarh

lidal form.

Species 53. (Fig. a. h, Mus. Brit.)

SacciNEA scalarina. Sue. testa elongatd, pyramidntd,
opacd, alhido-fidvd et rosed ; spird elevatd, an-
fraciibiis scalariformibus, fusco-rubescentibus ; ultimo
brei'iu.-'rulo ovato ; aperturd breviusculd, antiiv
rotunihitn ; lahio colwnellari leviter arcuato.

The laddei: Succinea. Shell elongated, pyramidal,
opake, whitish-brown and pinky ; spire elevated,
whorls scalariform, reddish-brown ; the last
rather short, ovate ; aperture rather short, rounded
anteriorly, columellar lip slightly arched.

Pfeiffer. MS. in Brit. Mus.

H(di. St. Georse's Sound.

Species 54. (Mus. Brit.)

Succinea kfgosa. Sur. testd ocatd, o/i/oiii/.i. piistici
mbattcnuatd, paUidissiiiid,Jfacido-fiisco limid, i-mi-
centriiv striata ; spird lirevi, anjractibns duobu.<
rotundatis, prominentihus, vltinio niaijiio, coato :
aperturd antic!: expansd.

The rugose Succinea. Shell ovate, oblong, pos-
teriorly rather attenuated, very pale, tinted with
yellowish-brown ; spire short, whorls two.
rounded, prominent, the last large, ovate ; aperture
exjianded in front.

Pfeiffer. Symbol. Heliceoruni, ]i. l.'il.

Hab. ?

Species 55. (Fig. a. b, Mus. Brit.)

Succinea imnouis. Sue. testa ohlongd, reniricosd, /ki-
(ibliqud, subrosed, epidermidi' herirjato, aurautic-
fulvo indutd, intiis rosed., castaneo marfjiiiat:} ■
S]nrd brevi, anfraclibus oblir/uis, pcuicis, miinidali.-^.
ultimo propi! siduram Inmido ; aperturd iiuii/ud,
antice oblique i.r/nniS'i, /id,,), , jierno superne defle.a,.
labio i/Ucrno validi rijh:.ri>, vuiplicato.

The fat Succinea. Shell oblong, ventrico.se, very
oblique, pink, covered with a smooth, orange-
brown epidermis, pink within, bordered with
chestnut. Spire short, whorls oblique, few,
rounded, the last tumid near the suture ; aperture
large, obliqviely expanded in front, outer lip bent
downwards above, inner lip strongly rellected.
with one plait.

Pfeiffer ? MS. Brit. .AIus.

Ilab. " Island Massa-fewru."

Species 50. (Mus. Brit.)
Succinea obliqua. Sue. ttslii ovato - p!/ram.id((td,
jjalliili- corned, fusco tiiictd ct fasciatd, rvncentrici

SUCCINEA.— Plate VIII.

fiubstriali'i. semilmmlucidd ; spird elcvatd, pyrnmi-
dnta anfrantibus declivibus, penultimo ohlomjo ;
apertura. postice aiicfustatd, antic'e expamx'i, labio
coiumellnri leviter plicato, arcuato.

The oblique Succinea. Shell ovate-pyramidal, pale
horny, tinted and banded with brovni, concen-
trically substriated, semitransparent ; spire elevated,
pyramidal, whorls sloped, the penultimate oblong ;
aperture narrow posteriorly, expanded anteriorly ;
eolumellar lip slightly plaited, arched.

Say. Jay's Catalogue of Shells, p. ;">«.

Hab. N<'w Jersey, United States.

Species .57. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)
Succinea papillata. Sue. ovato-oblongd, attenuate,
IcBvigatd, lirntd, ruhro-fusca vel stramined ; spird
elevatd, apire papilltsfot-mi, anfrartu penultimo
atlenuato ; apertura ohliqvd, magna, labia interna
refpxo, uniplicatn, arcuato, labio e.rteriio rlejlexo.
The papillated Succinea. Shell ovate - oblong,
attenuated, smooth, lirated, red-brown or str.aw-

coloured ; spire elevated, ape.x teat-shaped, penul-
timate whorl attenuated ; aperture oblique, large,
inner lip reflected with a plait, arched, outer lip
deflected.

Pfeiffer. MS. Cuming's collection.

Uah. Tahiti.

(Mus. Brit.)

Succinea inflata. Sue. testa ovato-acuuiinaid, ventri-
eosd, striatd, pallide fused, subopacd ; spird elevatd,
acuminatd ; aperturd ovatd, intiis flavidd ; lahio
columellari reflexo, crassiusculo, rectiusculo.

The inflated Succinea. Shell ovate-acuminated,
ventricose, striated, pale brown, subopake ;
spire elevated, acuminated ; aperture ovate,
yellow within ; columt-llar lip reflected, rather
thick, rather straiglit.

Lea. Proceedings of the American Philosophical
Society, vol. ii. p. ;)2.

Ilah. Georgia.

^

Saccmfa PI. LZ.

&

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%

#

Sowsrby.clfcl BLlut

Vmcent Brooks Day & Son.lmp

S U C C I N E A.

Species 59. (Mus. I'rit. )

SucciKKA AusTRALis. Suc. testd subpyramidald,
stramhied, tenui, haud translucidd, siibrvgosd ;
spird pyraniidata, anfrac films dtiobus, subvotundis,
upice rubra ; aperturd antice laid, posticc
ucuminatd.

Thk Australian Succixea. Shell subpyraiuidal,
straw-coloured, thin, not transliicid, suhnigoso ;
spire pyramidal, whorls two, rather rounded, apex
red; a])erturc hro.id in front, acuniinatrd pos-
teriorly.

(^UoY. Voyaire de TAstrolabe, vul. ii. j>. l.'jO, pi. l;;,
f. 18—23.

I/ab. Van Diemen's Land.

Ne\vcomiii:\s Suicinea. Shell iialiiluus, expiinchd. rath, i
rounded, rather solid, rose-coloured, eovrred with
an olive e])idermis, last whorl angular beneath :
spire very .short, hardly exserted ; apertui'e large,
obliquely expanded, rosy-iridescent within, ccihi-
mellar jdate rather tortuous, arched.

Pfeufki!. Proc. Zool. Soc., 18G4, ]>, 297.

Bab. Sandwich Islands.

Species G-2. (Fig. ,7, /-. Mus. liiil.)
SUCCIXEA IlVAl.IXA. Suc. tl.st.d OV'lto-llriimillKti

teiiuixsimd, paUidd, translucidd. ; npird brevi, in
I fractibus dvohnf : apertiird iiia//nd, iiblii/iid. aiitl

! «ube.rpiinxd, (idiio culuniellari Iciiiiim-iiiKi, hnU

Species 60. (Fig. a, b. JIus. Brit.)

SucciNEA Eucalypti. Sue. testd parvd, .-•dliiM,
Icevigatd, cwneo-fuscd ; spird brevi, anfra
duobus, pan-is, rotundis ; apertiird vtiujud,
intiis castaned, ad marginem albidd.

The Euoalyi'tic Succinea. Shell small, solid,
smooth, liorny brown ; spire short, wliorh
small, rounded ; aperture large, ovale, ch
within, whitish at the margin.

Cox. 1 MS. Mus. Brit.

Hab. New South Wales.

Found on what appears to be t]]e bark of a n

marsh-growing tree.

n-ata,

'tlbllS

Species Gl. (Mus. Brit.)
SucflXEA Newcombii. Shc. testd palu/d, crpausd,
subrotundd, solidiusculd, rosed, epidermidc oHvaceo
indutd, anfractu ultimo infra anguktto ; spird
brerissiind, vix exsertd ; (ipertvrd magna, oblii/iii]
expansd, intus roseo-sid,irid€^<:enti : pltcd cuiumil-
lari subtortud, arcuatd.

TtiE (iLASSY SucctNEA. Shell ovately-acuniinated;
thin, pahs translucid : spire short, whorls
aperture large, oblieine, anteriorly soniewlu
panded, clumellar lip very thin, slightly .■ir<

Siiutti,i:vvoi:tii. .' .MS. in Mus. r.iit.

Hab. Porto i;ico.

This extremely thin and transparent shell has ili

whorl very large in proportion to the spin-. •

consists of two very small whorls.

Species G3. (Mus. P,rit.)
SrcciXEA GuxDL.iCHH. Suc. testd orato-acumiuatu
pallide slramined, strigis irregularihus stibccendei
ornatd, setiiiiipacd : spin
tiindis, jrrijiiiliii'iildius . ,ij
plied ml um.lhui tritn;. r

eleratd, anfractibits ru-
■ttird brevi. ovatd. luted:
tiiisculd.

Guxdlach's Succixea. Shell ovately-acumiiiated, pale
straw, ornamented with irregular subcreruleati
stripes, semi-opaque ; spire elevated, whorls
rounded, prominent ; aperture short, nvato. yellow :
columellar plait thin, rather straight.

November, 187

Pfkiki-i;r. ? MS. in Cum. coll.

Hnh. Cuba.

Tlie roundness of the whorls gives
thinjT of a scalaril'orm appearance.

SUCCINEA.— Plate IX.

fold strong
])anded.

outer lip anteriorly

Sat. Contributions to Conchology (?).
Ilah. Mexico.

Species (U. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

:]NEA UN'DULATA. Suc. testd rivato-suhdcumina'A,
ruffis s^ihregularihus undulatd, tenui, pallidk
fnirrineil, mitire nibescenti ; sjnrd mbpyramidatd,
KiifnictiJiiis /iinin's : aperturd mnijnd, ovntd, plicA
fiilmit'llnr, r.ilnh'i . lahio extenw mitice subexpanso.

, iNiiriv n h Si ( li.NKA. Shell ovate-subacuininated,
undulated witli rather regular wrinkles, thin, pale
amber, reddish in front ; spire subpyramidal,
whorls i'dw ; aperture large, ovate, columellar

Species 05. (Mu.s. Brit.)

SucciNEA h;teola. Sue. testd jiyramidatd, piallide
strmnincd, striijis l<ingitudin<dihus subcanvleis
ornatd ; sjdrd praductd, Sfubiralatd ; aperturd suh-
trigond, breviiisculd, vivide luted.

The yellow Succinea. Shell pyramidal, pale straw-
coloured, ornamented with longitudinal bluish
stripes ; spire produced, somewhat ladder like ;
aperture subtrigonal, rather short, bright yellow.

Gould. MS. Brit. Mus.

llab. ?

Siurhim PI. X

#

^

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^

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oowerhy del el lilli

"Vinoerx Brooks Daj-X; Son, Imp

S U C C I N E A.

Species GG. (Mus. Brit.)

SncciNEA CANELLA. .*5«<;. tcstA breviusould, ventricosd,
semiglobosd, tenui, hyalind, translucidd, albd ;
spird breri, anfractibux (hiobus, prominentibus,
rotnndis, ultimo magna ; aperturd laid, subnvatd.

The FitosTED Succinea. Shell rather short, vcntricose,
semiglobose, thin, hyaline, translucid, white ; sjiire
short, wliorls two, ])rominent, rounded, the last
large ; aperture broad, suhovate.

Gould ? MS. Mus. Cum. in Brit.

Hab. ?

This glassy little shell is more bubblc-sliaped than

most of the species.

Species 67. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Succinea lutescens. Sue. testd gracili, ovato-acumi-
natd, IcBvigatd, iranslucidd, fasciis longitudinalibus
opacis ornatd, pallide fiavidd ; spird subatleiiuatd,
anfractibus tribus, subventricosis ; aperlurd hnKji-
tvdine mediocn, antice sube-epaniid, plied colnmellari
validiuscuh'i.

The yellowish Succinea. Shell slender, ovato-acuini-
nated, smooth translucid, ornamented with opake
longitudinal bands, pale yellowish ; Ei)ire rather
attenuated, whorls three, rather ventricose ; aper-
ture of medium length, rather expanded in front,
columellar plait rather strong.

Gould ? MS. Mus. Cum. in Brit.

Hah. Texas.

This shell is opake and translucid in alternating
bands.

Species 68. (Fig. u, b, Mus. Brit.)
Succinea Guamensis. Sttc. testd pallidi; aunnitid,
leviter rugatd, ovatd, subacuminatd ; sjnrd brevius-
culd, anfractibus duobus, parvis, rubris. subrn-
tundis ; aperturd ovatd, intus mbiridescenti, plied
columellari validd, leviter arcuatd. Varinl testd
rubro-fused.

The Guam Succinea. Shell pale-orange, lightly
wrinkled, ovate, subacuminated ; spire rather short,
whorls two, small, red, rather rounded ; aperture
ovate, rather iridescent within, columellar fold
strong, slightly arched. The shell varies tn red-
brown.

Pkeiiker. Proc. Zool. Soc, IS;")!, p. 110.

Uab. (;uam.

Species C9. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Succinea fuagilis. Sue. testd tenia, subrosed, trans-
lueidd, epidermide corneo-subviridi indutd, rrregu-
laiiter longitudinaliter rugosd; spird brevis.^iiiu'i,
anfractibuii apic(dibus parvis, ultimo anfractn
magna ; aperturd lata, oblique expansd.

The fuagilk Succinea. Shell thin, rather pinky, tran.s-
lucid, covered with a greenish horny epidermis,
irregularly longitudinally rugose ; spire vei-y
short, apical whorls small ; last whorl large :
aperture broad, obliquely expanded.

King. Zool. Journ., vol. v. f. ;i43.

I/ab. Sandwich Islands.

Species 70. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Succinea spup.ca. Sue. tentd pared, lenuisninKl,
hyalind, ovatd, ahlongd, albidd ; epidermide tenui,
sordida, frequenter lutum in carinas spirales tres
colligenti indutd ; spird bred, anfractibus paueis,
pay-vis, prominentibus ; ajierturd saljovatd, lougitn-
dine medioeri.

The soiled Succinea. Shell small, very thin, hyaline,
ovate, oblong, whitish ; covered with a thin, dirty-
coloured eiiidemus which frequently collects the
mtid into three spiral keels ; spire short, whorls
few, small, pronuuent ; aperture subovate, of
medium length.

Gould. Boston Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc, vol. iii. p. VX-).

Hab. Siberia.

November, 1872.

SUCCINEA.— Plate X.

Wlien the shell is cleared of its epidermis, and the
mud that sticks to it, no trace can be seen of lines or
indentations which would accmmt for the three carina;
or ridges into which the mud has been Ibrmed.

Species 71. (Mus. Brit.)
LTCCiNEA CADUCA. ifiic. tcstd ov(itd,opacd, fusco-comtci,
ImviijatA ; spird brevi, acuminata, amfractibm api-

ralibus duohiisminutif ; uperturd ovatd, intiis iridcs-
centi ; plied columdlari tenui, rectiilscvld.

The BijiTTLE SucciNEA. Shell ovate, opake, horny-
brown, with the two apical whorls minute ; aper-
ture ovate, iridescent within ; columeliar plait
thin, rather straight.

MlGH^LS ?

Hah. Sandwich Islands.

I

^

i

f i^

Snaijud FLXI.

Vtnceni Brooks Diy&Soii Imp

S U C C I N E A,

Species 72. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

SucciNEA MARGAHiTA. Siic. testd pcirvd, pcdHcle fu/m ;
nibescenti, subpellucidd, Iceviyald, siibpyrami-
datd ; ipird pyramidatA, acumiiiatd ; apertura
subtrigond ; lahio columellari rectiiiscidii.

The pearl Succinea. Sliell small, pale reddLsh fawn-
colour, reddish, subpelliicid, smooth, subpyrumidal ;
spire pyramidal, acuminated; aperture subtrigonal;
columellar lip rather straight.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853, p. 6().

Hah. ?

Species. 73. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

SucciNEA REPANDA. Suc. tcstd suhpyraiitidatd,
pellucidd, fumoso - corned, obliyud, tenui ;
acuminatd, pyramidatd; ultimo anfractu
enter ventricoso ; aperturd magnd, obliqnd,
acuminatd, antice expansd.

The spread Succinea. Shell subpyramidal, st
lucid, smoky-horn coloured, oblique, thin
acuminated, pyramidal ; last whorl modi
ventricose ; aperture large, oblicjue, post
acuminated, anteriorly expanded.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1854, p. 123.

Hab. Brazil.

spird
medio-
poHice

spire
ratoly
■riorly

Species 74. (Mu.s. Brit.)

SucciNEA Chinensis. Siic teHd pdluciild, olliijiu-
ovatd, temciter rugatd, pallide mccined ; apice
mimito ; anfractu ultimo oblique subventricoso ;
aperturd magna oblique ovatd.

The Chinese Succinea. Shell pellucid, obliquely ovate,
slightly wrinkled, pale amber ; apex minute ; last
whorl obliquely subventricose ; aperture large,
obliquely ovate.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. .Soc, 1857, p. 110.

Hab. Hong Kong.

Sprc'ies 75. (Fig. o, b, Mus. Brit.)

Succinea pudorina. Sue. testd oblique ovatd, acumi-
nata, kevigatd, sitccineo-rubescenti ; spird acumi-
natd, anfractibus paucis, distinetis, rotundis ;
ultimo anfractu ventricoso, infra expanso ; aperturd
magna, antice expansd ; labia colmnellan ilistincte
uniplicato, arcuato.

The BLUSHixa Succinea. Shell obliquely ovate, acu-
minated, smooth, reddish amber; spire acuminated,
whorls iew, distinct, rounded ; last whorl ventri-
cose, expanded below ; aperture large, anteriorly
expanded, columellar lip distinctly uniplicate,
curved.

Gon.i. .' .AIS.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

Species 70. (Mus. Brit.)

Succinea Tahietensis. Sue. tistd rubescenti, epider-
mide fulvo indutd, gracile subovatd, obliqud, leviter
rugatd ; spi}-d elevatd, acuminatd ; aperturd obliqui-
subovatd, pallidi: rosed ; labia columellari plied
elongatd arcuatd armato.

The Tahiti Succinea. Sliell reddish, covered with a
yellowish epidermis, narrowly subovate, oblique,
slightly wrinkled ; spire elevated, acuminated ;
aperture obliquely subovate, pale rose; columellar
lip strengthened by an elongated arched plait.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. lO'J.

Hab. Tahiti and Sandwich Islands.

Species 77. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)
Succinea Gouldiana. Sue. testd succinea, sonipellu-
cida, pyramidatd, gracili, postice attenuatd ; spird
elevatd, acuminatd ; aperturd pyramidatd, antice
oblique crpansd.

.■r, 1872.

SUCCINEA— Plate XI.

Gould's Succinea. Shell amber, semipellucid, pyra-
midal, slender, posteriorly attenuated; spire
elevated, acuminated; aperture pyramidal, an-
teriorly obliquely expanded.

Pfeiffer. ?

Hab. Tahiti.

This shell is of a rich golden amber colour, and
resembles some varieties of our Succinea piitris, but is
much more slender and pyramidal.

Species 78. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Succinea kotundata. Sue. testa subglobosd, solid hiscii Id,
rosed, Jusco longitudinaliter strigatd, laevigata; spird
producta, anfractibtis tribus, rotundis, distinctis ;
anfractu ultimo ventricoso ; aperturd mibrotuiidd,
plica columellari parvd.

The RouNnED Succinea. Shell subglobose, rather solid,
])ink, longitudinally striped with brown, ssmooth ;
spire produced, whorls three, round, distinct ; last
whorl ventricose ; aperture a little rounded ;
colunR'Uar plait small.

SOWERBY.

Hab. Port Clarence.

This rather globose shell is named Succinea strigata
in the Cumingian collection, but differs from that
species in form.

Species 79. (Mus. Brit.)

Succinea rubicunda. Sue. testd ovatd, obliqud, tenui,
Icevigatd, fusco-mbeseenti ; sjnrd exsertd ; anfractu
apicali minuto ; anfractu ultimo oblique ventricoso ;
aperturo magna, antice expansd ; lahio columellari
tenui, vix plicato.

The rubicund Succinea. Shell ovate, obhque, thin,
smooth, reddish brown ; spire produced ; apical
whorl minute ; last whorl obliquely ventricose ;
aperture large, anteriorly expanded ; oolumellar
lip thin, with a scarcely developed plait.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1849, p. 134.

Hab. ?

A pretty little oval species, coloured claret brown.

Species 80. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Succinea Greenlandica. Sue. testd parvd, oblique
pyraiiddatd, stramined, lineis distantibus subviridis
strigatd ; spird elevatd, aeuminatd, anfractibus
duobus, subovatis, distinctis ; aperturd antice oblique
productd, labia columellari simplici, leviter areuato.

The Greenland Succinea. Shell small, obliquely-
pyramidal, straw-coloured, striped with distant
greenish lines ; spire elevated, acuminated, whorls
two, rather oval, distinct ; aperture anteriorly
obliquely produced, columellar lip simple, slightly
curved.

Beek. ? MS.

Hab. Greenland.

Su£cima Ft. XII.

*

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Sowerliy deltf.lilh i. ,-n i n r^ t

•' ViucenlBi(!CK:->Da.yAnSim,lmp

S U C C T N E A.

Species 81. (Mus. Brit.)

SrccixE.\ TO.MKNT(i.SA. Siic. tcsld piirvd, fiiiiKifii-coi-ned,
sciiiipelbicidd, elomjato-ovatd, (jnwili ; sjjtrd aat-
minatd ; anfractu ultimo mat/no, ovuto, oj/t liiini
obliqm'i, declivi, aniice productd, rotiimhl.

The i!KK1) Succine.\. Shell small, smoky-lioru coloured,
semipellucid, elongato-ovate, slender ; spire acu-
minated ; last whorl larse, ovate, apertuie oblique,
sloped downwards, anteriorly produced, rounded.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1854, p. 207.

Hah. New Zealand, on reeds.

Species 82. (Fig.

Ml

SUCCIXF.A INFUNDIBULIFORMIS. Suc. tcetd pi/rcmidutd,

acuminatd, retrorso arcuatd, mccined, Iccviijntd,
posticc attenitatd ; spird exsertd, anfractibiiK apira-
libus duobus, parvis ; anfractu ultimo antiee siib ■
ventricoso ; aperturd pi/riformi, labio colmnelhtri
1/niplicnto, ad medium projecto.

The Fuxxel-shaped Scccixe.^. Shell pyramidal, acu-
minated, arched backwards, amber -coloured,
smooth, anteriorly attenuated ; spii-e exserted,
apex whorls two, small ; last whorl rather ventri-
cose anteriorly ; aperture pyriform, columellar
lip with one plait, projected at the middle.

Ctuuld. ? MS.

Jfab. Tahiti.

Very curiously depressed in the
ide, and correspondingly pressed t'(

d.jrsal
front.

Sp(

83. (Mus. Brit.)

SucciNEA ARiiOREA. Suc. tcstd ovato-subrotuiidd, pal-
lide corned, tranducidd ; spird subaruminatd, an-
fnvtibus ventricosis ; tdtiino anfractu omto-centri-

coso, Irvilir riignto : aperturd ovatd ; plied rolii-
mellari indistinctd, leviter arcuatd.

Tme tree SrccixEA. Shell ovately - roundish, pale
horn-coloured, translucid ; spire subacuminated,
whorls ventricose ; last whorl ovately ventricose,
slightly wrinkled ; aperture ovate; columellar fold
indistinct, slightly arched.

Adam.s axi) Anoas. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Ilab. South Australia, on trees.

Species 84. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

SrrciNEA PATEXTi.ssiMA. Sur. testa oblongd, compressd,
tcnui, corned, subrer/ulariter rugatd ; spird minutd,
rubrd ; anfractu ultimo inagrio, expanso, aperturd
oblomjd, late expansd, pallide rosed.

The wide-open Succinea. Shell oblong, compressed,
tliin, horny, rather regularly wrinkled; spire
minute, red; last whorl large, expanded, aperture
oblong, widely expanded, pale rose,

Menke. Synopsis.

Ilab. Cape Natid.

Species 85. (Mus. Brit.)

Succinea ve.scicalis. Suc. testd magna, subpyrauddata,
pcdlide fah-d, tenuitcr et ii-re(julariter rugatd; spird
pyramidatd, productd, acumnatd ; ultimo anfractu
magna, ventricoso ; aperturd ptjramidatd, antici-
uiaijnd, rotnndd.

The ruhkle Stocinea. Shell large, subpyramid;il,
pale fawn, finely and irregularly wrinkled ; spire
pyramidal, produced, acuminated; last whorl
large, ventrico.se ; aperture pyramidal, anteriorly
large, rounded.

Gould. ? MS.

Hub. Sandwicli Islands.

November, 1872.

SUCCINEA.— Platk XII.

Species 86. (Mus. Brit.)

SucciNEA HL-MEROSA. Suc. testd ohlongo-suhcompressa,
futvo-rvbescenti ; spird parvd, subrosed; anfractu
ultimo magno, oblongo, prope suturam paulo hnme-
roso aperturd magnd, antice expansd.

The shouldered Succinea. Shell oblong - subcom-
pressed, reddish-fawn ; spire small, a little rosy ;
last whorl large, oblong, a little shouldered near
the suture ; aperture large, expanded.

Gould. ? MS.

Hub. ?

Species 87. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Succinea Plantl Sue. testd parvd, subovatd, subpel-
liiciM, finuoso- corned ; s/iird minutd^ unispirali ;
unfriictii ultimo magno, obliquo ; apertvrd obliquA,
siihoratd ; labi') cvlumellari teniii, vix arciiato, vix
plirato.

Pla.nt's Succinea. Shell small, subovate, subpellucid,
>moky-horn coloured ; spire minute, unispiral ;
last whorl large, oblique ; aperture oblique, sub-
ovate; columellar lip thin, scarcely arched, scarcely
])laited.

Pkejkkei!. Proc. Zool. Soc, l.SoG, p. o2G.

Hub. Natid.

Species 88. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Succinea semiglobosa. Sue. testd parvd, transluddd,
pallide subviridi, subglobosd, Icevigatd, apertd, spird
miautiasimd ; aperturd magnd, rotundd.

The semiglobose Succinea. Shell small, translucid,
pale greenish, subglobose, smooth, open, spire
very small ; aperture large, rounded.

Pfeifker. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 109.

Hab. Chili.

Species 89. (Mus. Brit.)

Succinea Cuviekt. Sue. testa parvd, ovatd, Unuiter
rugatd, suceined, transluddd ; spird produetd ;
anfraetu ultimo ovato : aperturd subdeelivi, ovatd,
labia columeHari teiitii, arcuaio, inilistincti unipli-
cato.

CuviEii's Succinea. Shell small, ovate, finely wrinkled,
amber, translucid ; spire produced ; last whorl
ovate ; aperture somewhat sloped, ovate ; columel-
lar lip thin, arched, with an indistinct plate.

GuiLDKG. Zool. Journ., vol. ii. pi. 17.

Hab. Isl. St. Vincent.

S D C C I N E A.

acuminata, Blanford II-

amphibia, Nilson H-

approximata, Shuttleirorih IV.

a,ThoTea, Adams d: Angas XII.

Australis, Quoy IX.

avara, PfeifFer .^. HI.

Baconi, r/ei^er I.

Barbadensis, Guilding VII.

Bensoni, P/eiJer I.

Brumeare, Stentz II.

bullina, Zeigler 11.

caduca, J/j^/iCEZi' X.

calycina, J/enA« IV.

caZycma, Menke II.

campestris, ^oy II.

canella, Gould X.

Chinensis, Pfeiffer XI.

cingulata, i^9;-6fs VII.

coWmaL, Blanford I.

crassiuscula, ^mson I.

crocata, Gould VI.

Cumingii, iye/^er V.

Cuvieri, Guildimj XII.

daucina, P/«/«r III.

Delalandii, P/fiJtT VIII,

Dominicensis, Pfeiffer VII.

Don<M\., Pfeiffer IV.

elegans, A'sso I,

Eucalypti, Cox IX.

equinoctialis, Z)"0/-6f"^«.'/ V.

Fernandi, J/5 V.

fragilis, A7n(7 X.

Girnarica, Tlieohald I.

Gouldiana, Pfeiffer XI.

gracilis, .4 /(Zer III.

GriEnlandica, Beck XL

Guamensis, Pfeiffer X.

Gundlachii, Pfeiffer IX.

Ilaydeni, Binneij VII.

humerosa, Gould XII.

hyaWnn, Shuttleivorth IX.

I.ulica, />/.r I.

iudata, Lea VIII.

infundibulifoniiis, Goidd XII.

iiilermedia. Beau II.

lautii, Gould IV.

latior, C. B. Adams V.

luteola, Gould IX.

hitescens, Gould X.

Margarita, Pfeiffer VI.

Kepeated by error XI.

Magellanica, Goidd VI.

niauuuillata, Benson V.

Newcoiubi, Pfeiffer IX.

Nortoni, Coa; VII.

obliqua, ,S'oy VIII.

oblonga, Draparnaud III.

oxaXis, Say III.

pallida, P/«Jcr VII.

papillata,>/«/er VIII.

patentissima, Menke XII.

patula, Brnyiiiere HI.

P/e(/^n, Kosmiisler II.

\ne:in, A. Adams II.

pinguis, P/e/fer VIII.

Plauti, Pfeiffer XII.

pk'Ctostoma, MS VII.

plicata, Blanford II.

pudoriiia, (rOwZc? XI.

pudorina, VI.

punctata, Pfeiffer IV.

pusilla, Pfeijj'er V.

putris, im«feMS II.

repauda, P/ij/er XI.

rotundata, Sowerbii XI.

rubescens, Deshayes IV.

rubicunda, P/ey/V XI.

ru'^os-d, Ffeiffer VIII.

rutilans, Blanjhrd II.

.Salleana, P/e;j/er VI.

SauctK Heleua;, Z«SAwt VI.

Sagni, D'Orbi'jmj VII.

scalarina, Pfdj^er VIII.

scmiglobcsa, P/eij/er XII.

semiserica, &'ot«W II.

solidula, Ffeiffer V.

spiirca., 6'o?t/(/ X. 70

strigata, P/eij/e/- II. 15

sahgx&nosa., Fftiffer IV. "24

Tdiieteusis, P/«j/er XI. 76

tomentosa, /;/«/«»• XII. .si

Totteniana, Zm III. 17

imdnlata, .S'ay IX. G4

vermeta, Say III. 22

yesc\ca\\B, Gould XII. JS;')

vitraa, Pyhj/cr III. 20

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

M A G I L U S,

Those are Thy ^loriou. works. Thou sou,t. ol goo,
How ,lin,ly seen, how faintly un.hTstoo,!.' - (^o"!

Maqilus Fl. I

W c., ,.. ^^

Sowerty dd etlith

VmcenlBroote Day & Sou.inp

MAGI L U S.

Genus MAGILUS, Montjhrd.

MoUiiscvm gasteropodum marinum, madrejioricolum.

Testa (State juniori hdiciformis, tenuis, yauctspiratis,
plerumqm extus striis undulatis squainiferis rugata,
alba ; spira obtusa, npertura ovata seu pynforiai,
■ caiiali antico distincto ; atate senion in spedehus
plurimis viargine aperturcr, in tiibinn eloiujutum,
iiTcgularein, incrassaiam. extenso.

Operculum conieum elongatum, nucleo latendi.

Mollusc gasteropodous, marine, inhabiting madrepores.

Shell, in a young state, thin, few-whorled, generally
roughened externally with wavy, squaniose striiB,
white ; apire obtuse, aperture ovate or ])yriibrm,
anterior canal distinct ; in an adult state, in
several species, the margin of the ajjcrture ex-
tended into an elongated, irregular, thickened
tube.

Synowjma. Caupvlatvs, G'ui'ttanI ; pars LEi'TiKdNi'iii's,
Riippell.

The habits of this genus of in.illus.
curious. The young fry, after a short j)

are very
id of free

locomotion, seems to find its way into some hole in a
growing madrepore, and tlien to become stationary ;
but as the substance grows round it, it would soon
become enclosed unless the growth of the shell kept
pace with that of the madrepore. In order, therefore,
to keep its aperture close to the surface, the two lips
are extended in the same direction in the form of an
irregular tube. The magilus leaves its shell in the
original cavity, and filling it up so tluit it becomes
solid, occupies only that portion of the tube which is
nearest to the ojiening. The walls of the tube are
thickened, and the portion which represents the canal
is consolidated into a thick keel.

The species which have not been found as yet in an
advanced state, and which appear generically to re-
semble the young shells of Magilus antiijuus, have been
separated by authors under the generic term J.ipta-
conchus ; and it is asserted that while the magilus
possesses an operculum, the Leptoconchi do not. It is
also said that the young shell uf the Magilus begins to

form a thickened and entire edge to its aperture, as it
preparmg for the future erratic course of its .sheU. It
appears to me, however, that it depends upon the acci-
dental conditions of habitat and growth whether and
at what period of life the shell of a Magilus shall become
tubular; and as for the operculimi, it is ceruin that
some, if not all, the species enumerated as Lepto-
concluis by authors have been found with opercula; —
notably, we have figured the genuine opercuhuii of
LeptoamclMS, L.\M.^iiCKii, Deshayes.

The Isle of Bourbon, the Mauritius, and the Sand-
wich Islands — perhajis most islands with reefs — afford
homes to the Magili.

Species 1. (Fig.

rf, e, Mus. Brit.)

Magilus antkjius. Mwj. testa, a-tate jimivri leiiui,
gtobosa, spiraliter striata, antici' svbsen-ato-cos-
tatd ; longitudinaliter squaiuoso-striatd, spin)
plerumque brevissinia, ranati brrri, bdiio interim
la'vigatn, rolumelld arrxtatd : hdiio e.r/c.rno /irope
canalrm suhcnnlni,'!,, ■ a lair srnian solidd, nigosd,
till,,, I.,!,,-.' .xhriK, .-qinim.'su- 1 „:/alo. latere iiitcriia
laniiu;.^ irnyalardm. i,icri.,atu.
The ANTiQUK Magilus. Shell, in a young state, thin,
globose, spirally striated, anteriorly with subser-
roid ribs, longitudinally s([uamosely striated, s)iiie
generally very short, canal short, inner liji smootli,
columella arched; outer lip slightly contracted
towards the canal; in the older state solid, ru-
gose ; tube squamosely-rugose on the outer side,

! thickened with lamina; on the inner side.

1 Lamakck. Anim. sans vert., vol. v.

I Campiilotus, Guettard.
Hab. Ifle of Bourbon.

Our figure, a, repi
specimen of Magilus

its an luiusually lengthened
iiadrepore. /' is a specimen

Decendx-r, 1872.

MAGILUS.—rLATE I.

wliicli maintained the spiral form tor several wide
•whorls, probably in consequence of inhabiting a cavity
in a coral that had ceased to grow. i\ a very thin
young shell in sihi ; <l, a more advanced specimen,

showing the commencement of the thickened and entire
peritreme, which would probably have resulted in a
tube, e, a second full-grown specimen, showing the
aperture in front.

MaqiUisPill.

t

f%-

.r

M'

JjT

m mk

J-tryaelelblh

Vincoil BiooliEDay&Son.linr-

M A G I L U S.

Species 2. (Fl;

Mus. Sowerby.)

Magilus Cumingii. MtKj. testa {atate juniuri 1) eloii-
(jatn-snbf/lobosd, minutissiim: et re.gulariter lamellosd,
spini breviusculd, conicd, obtttsd ; anfractibus
quaternis, ultimo maximo, anlice obtiiso ; aperturd
maffiid, perohliqiid ; columelld latd, contortd, extus
late refiexd, labio extemo tenui, oblique pruducto,
arcuato postici'.

Cuming's Magilus. Shell elongately-suliglubosc, very
minutely aud regularly laminated ; spire rather
short, conical, obtuse ; whorls four, the last very
large, obtuse in front, aperture large, very oblique ;
columella broad, twisted, externally broadly
reflected, outer lip thin, obliquely produced and
arched posteriorly.

Desk AYES. Conchyliogie de File do la Reunion, p. 125,
pi. xii. fig. 26-27.

Hah. Isle of Bourbon (Reunion).

Although the sjiire of this species is somewhat
conical, the body-whorl is very globose and the outer
lip obliquely overlaps its surface to a great extent.

Species 3. (Mus. Lenejip.)

Magilus Microcephalus. Mag. testa nucleo globuloso,
mimito, solido, aperturd deinde suhito crescenti, in
tuhiim irreijtilarem rugosum tortuosiim, ad canalem
rdriniiliiin producto ; latere extemo rugoso-striato ;
Intcn iiitinio laminatini culloso ; aperturd integrd,
pyriformi.

The smael-headed Magilus. Shell with a globose,
minute, solid nucleus ; aperture thence suddenly
enlarging, produced into an irregular, rugose,
tortuous tube, keeled at the canal ; the outer side
rugosely striated ; inner side laminately callous,
aperture entire, pyriform.

S(i\vEi;iiY.

//„/,. ?

The specimen figured in our plate is the second that
has fallen into the hands of its present possessor. It
is not named here as a new species without some
hesitation, but the minute size of the spiral nucleus
and the sudden enlargement of the tubular portion
gives the shell so distinct an ajipearauce that the
character deserves registering, be it worth what it
may.

Species 4. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Desliayes ? Copied.)

Magilus Cuvieiu. .Uog. testd siibglobvlosd, brevi, in
medio injlatd, temii, albd, pclliiridd, ad (i/iinni Jfrtri-
cante, nitidd, obsolete strinlii, s/u'rd /urri, npici-
aaito ; anfractibits quatirni.^, diii/iisl/s, rniiri.fiiis-
culis, lent'e crescentibus, ultimc niii.i-iiun, iiniiiiiutd,
antice attenuato et acumimiln, aii, rlurd luuphi, snni'
oratd, antice late emargimUd, vuliiini'lld ii:ii/iisld,
cuntortd.

Cuvier's Magilus. Shell subglobose, short, mllnted
in the middle, thin, white, pellucid, yellowish at
the apex, smooth, obsoletely striated, spire short,
with sharp apex ; whorls four, narrow, rather
convex, slowly increased, last very large, turbinate,
anteriorly attenuated and acuminated, aperture
■wide, semi-ovate, anteriorly widely emarginated.
columella narrow, twisted.

Deshates. Conch. He de la Reunion, p. 128, pi. xiii.
f 6-7.

Hab. Isle of Bourbon (Ueuuiou).

It is just possible this little glossy shell is but the
young of Magilus antiquus.

Species 5. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
jMagilus Costatus. Mag. testd nucleo globulofo spin,
liter distante costato, solido, deinde in tnhiini subtr
gonuum incgiilaniu producto, latere e.cterno ri,.st

December, 1872.

MAGILUS.— Plate II.

septan ad octo valiiHs, distantibus, laqueato, latere
interno laminis latis, callosis rugato ; apicc brevu-
simo ; tuho infra obtuse carinato.
Thk kibbed Magilus. Sliell with a subglobose,
spirally distantly ribbed solid nucleus, then pro-
duced into a subtrigonal irregular tube, outer
side fluted with seven to eight strong, distant ribs ;

inner side roughened with broad callous layers ;
ipex very short; tube obtusely carinuted below.

The strongly ribbed shell in the collection of the
British Museum appears to be unique.

-^-^^

/

^,^

Ma<://///s I '/.HI.

.^/-

YincentBrooks Day & San. Imp

M A G I L L S.

Species G. (Fig. a, >', Mus. Scott.)

Magilus striatus. Mag. testd bulbifomii, mUurhiiMtd,
lemii, vndulatim striatii, in/rd, subc(intrart<'i, spini
bred ; anfractibus dvobiis, obtusis, sutiuv obaoletd ;
aperturd magnd, subpi/rifonui, labia intevno fix
reflexo, columelld obliqud, tortuosd, untice pro-
ductd ; labia externa in medio ampio, antice propi'
(•analem subcontracto.

The STitiATED Magilus. Shell bull>sliapeil, subturbi-
uate, tliin, undulately striated, slightly coutracted
below, spire short; whorls two, obtuse, suture
obsolete ; aperture large, somewhat pyriform,
inner lip scarcely reflected, columella obliijue,
tortuous, anteriorly produced ; outer li]i wide in
the middle, anteriorly contracted near the canal.

Rih'ELL (Leptoconchus). Trans. Zool. Soc, vol. i. p. 25'.),
pi. 35, figs. 9, 10.

Magilus Peuonii? Lauarck.

Hab. Mauritius.

This shell is supposed to differ fntm the similarly
shaped young of JIagilus antiquus in the alisence of a
reflected inner lip. This may, however, result from
the thickening of the lip being later in commencing.
There is so much uncertainty respecting Lamarck's
Magilus Peronii, that it is better to adopt the specific
name given by the describer of the genus, Lepto-
conchus.

Spec

b, Mus. r.rir.)

Magilus ellipticus. Mag. testa lemii, ocatd, angiistd
squamoso-stiiatd ; infra medium spiraliter sub-
costatd, spird ccelatd ; apevturd magnd ovutd, medii
laid, antice oblique acutninatd ; coliimethl planl
usculd, valde arcuald ; labia e.rierna .«i//)r</ .<pii-(iii
elerato, pnqx- canalcm leviier e.ccavato, ad canati ii
acuminalo.

The ELLirncAi. Mahii-is. SIk^U thin. ..vate, narr
si|uanK>sely striated ; spirally slightly rib'
below the middle; spire concealed; aprrr
large, ovate, niiilill.' widr, anteriorly oblif|ii
acuminated ; columella rather tlat, much arcli<
outer lip raised above the spire, slightly e.\cav:i
near the canal, acuminated at the canal. | ,
SowEHBY. Genera of Shells. No. L'l. , . ^. \

Hab. Maurhius. "■-'^■'\,. ', ,

Species 8. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Magilus serhatus. Mag. testd ovato-subglobasd, tenni.
spiraliter rastis leviier elevatis, i-ugaso-striati.--
cinctd : spird birrissijud, obtiisd, anfrartirs inn. ;
apcrtin-d inuipi,}, inarji/ie s,rrato ; vuluvielld
arcuatd.

The serrated JLvgilus. Shell ovately subglobose,
thin, spirally circled by slightly elevated, rugosely
striated ribs ; sjiiro very short, oljtuse, with a
single whorl ; apei-turo large, with serrated mar-
gin ; columella arched.

Deshayes? MS. in Mus. Brit.

Uah. .'

The spiral rounded and serrated ribs of this sj.eeies
are represented in Magilus sli-iatus by oidy very slight
spiral impressed lines, with the striation slightly raised.
In the present species the ribs are marked by crenatiuiis
at the edge of the outer lip. Some specimens, liowever,
of Magilus anti'pius in a young state, show this cha-
racter with e'jual force.

Species 0. (Fig. '/, b, Jlus

Magilus fimbri.\tus. Mag.
pjaluld, depres.'^-d, rosti.<
extantibus laiuiuafis ro
latd ; spird depnssd,

niihii.-
unct /-

Deceml

1872.

MAGILUS.— Plate III.

minutis; aperturd suhovata, labiis longe suprd
spiram elevatis, late cxjiaiisi.'i, tenuker Jimhriatis ;
cuaali angusio, obliquo.
The fimbriated Magii-us. Sliell irregularly subovate,
patulous, depressed, widely cancellated at tlie back
with radiating ribs and raised, laminated, concen-
tric edges; spire depressed, acute, whorls two,
minute ; aperture subovate, lips elevated far above
the spire, widely expanded, finely fimbriated;
canal narrow, oblique.
A. Adams. (Coralliobia.) Proc. Zool. Soc, 1852, p. 93.
llcib. Cagayan, Province of Misamis; Isl. Mindanao,
Philippines.
This species was first described as a Concholepas in
:iiH Proceedings of the Zoological Society. In the
Genera of Messrs. Adams, however, it is placed as a sub-
genus of Lr>ptoconchiis under thenanie of Coralliobia.
The appearance of the shell is that of a delicately
sculptured Conchole))as.

Species 10. (Fig- H^-)

Magilus globulosus. 3fag. testa, ovato-subglobosd, lon-
gitudinaliter striata, tenui ; spird conicd, subacu-
minatd, anfractibus duobus, ultimo inflate, aperturd
subobliqud, labia externa ad suturam oblique super
anfra^tU7)i ultimum extenso, columelld brevi, torlw'i.

The globular Magilus. Shell ovately subglobose,
longitudinally striated, thin ; spire conical, sub-
acuminated ; whorls two, the last inflated ; aper-
ture suboblique ; outer lip obliquely extended at
the suture over the last whorl ; columella short,
tortuous.

Deshayes. ? MS. Brit. Mus.

Hab. ?

In this species, as in Magilus Cumingii, the body
whorl is large in proiiortion to the aperture, but M.
(/lobiilosus is not at all attenuated at the base.

Mdijiliis ft. IV

/^

7

mm

Sowcity ili-ld lull

Vinceut, BrooLsfej&Saii.Imp

;M A G I J. U

Species 11. (Fig. </,/;, Mus. Dcshayes.)

ILUS ElTELLll. ^fag. testa cibttlKesiibpi/n'formi, touii,
frafiile, qiini brevi, callo vitreo indutd ; anfrai-tibns
tribiis aut qvatiior, arifjiilatis, ultimo Ttuirimo antiix
(ittemiato, lumeUis numerofis hrmbus in-egularihuti
ti'iiuissimis aspei'ato ; apertnn'i paiilo obliqna,
dongata, quadrangulari, had cffufi'i ; rolumellu
cal/nsd, attenuata.

ci.l's Magilus. Shell obtusely subpyrifurm, thin,
fragile, spire short, covered with a vitreous callus;
whorhs three or four, angular, the last large, an-
teriorly attenuated, roughened ■with numerous
short, irregular, very thin lamina: ; aperture a
little oblique, elongated, quadrangular, effuse at
the base; columella callous, attenuated.
lAYF.s. Con. Isl. de la Reunion, p. iL'C, pi. 11,
f. 4-5.
Isl. Bourbon (Reunion).

Differing 1
[jyriform sha]

other species

obtusely

Brit.)

Species 12. (Fig. a, h, "SI

Magilus SOLIDIDSCULA. Mag. testa pared, ainjiistd,
pijriformt, antice siibatiemtatd, lan'iiixcu/d, Kolii/d,
infra medium spiraliter cosfatd ; spird brevi, obiiisd,
siibcnnicd ; aiterturd angnstd, antice obliqne suh-
rostratd, labia interno late rejlexo, coliimelld planius-
ruld, siibtorbwsd, attennatd ; labia externa versvs
canalem suhsinnato.

The solid Magilus. Shell small, narrow, pyriforra,
anteriorly sub-attenuated, rather smooth, solid,
spirally ribbed below the centre, spire short, ob- j
tuse, rather conical ; aperture narrow, anteriorly I
obliquely subrostrated, inner lip widely reflected,
columella rather flat, slightly twisted, attenuated; j
outer lip rather sinuous towards the canal. j

Pease ? MS. m Rrit. Mus,

Ilab. Sandwich Isl.-nuls.

The narrow form, smooth surface, n
solidity of this species distinguish it fn

l;). (Fig. a, //, Mus Taylor.)

Magilus Rohillaudi.

M,i

tcstii solidd

piirifo

H'x

dihus

Leon
Hah.

Inminis elei^atis coneentrieis et costis
subdistantibiis cancellatd ; s/iird brerissini'i, lainiiiis
callom, rcjiexis celatd , apertiud paluld, mai/iid,
coliimelld angtistd, sn/irniiijilaiintd. r,iiiali plus
mimisve in rostrum productn ; lahio inliriin hi-
crassato, callaso ; labia externa supra spiram, eleratu.
antice prop!: canalem contracto, inflexu.
LLAiiD's MA(iii,us. Shell solid, pyriform, can-
cellated with elevated concentric lamina;, and
spiral rather distant ribs; spire very short, hidden
by callous reflected laminje ; aperture patulous,
large, columella narrow, rather flattened, canal
more or less produced into a beak ; iimer lip
thickened, callous ; outer lip raised above the
spire, anteriorly contracted near the canal, in-
flected.

AiiDi. Journ. de Concli. .xv. p. 305, pi. 1, f. 1.
iMauritius.

This species, although cancellated at
quite distinct from Magilus Jimhriatus.

back, is

Species 14. (Fig. <(, b, Mus. Taylor.)
Magilus Lajiaiickii. Mag. testa suhclonyiitd.j'usijorii/i.
teniiiusculd, longitudinaliter striata ; spird coined.
ohtusd, anfractibus tribus, siUiird celatd ,• ajiertnrd
breviusculd, antice obliejiie animinatd et prodiicld .-
coliimelld arciiatd, iittenvatd ,■ opercvlo angvsto,
siihaeeiiala.

MAGILUS.— Plate IV

Lamarck's Maoilus. Shell rather elongated, I'usiform,
rather thin, longitudinally striated ; spire conical,
obtuse, whorls three, suture concealed ; aperture
rather short, anteriorly obliquely acuminated and
j)roduced, columella arched, attenuated; operculum
narrow, slightly arched.

Deshayks (Leptoconchus). Conch. Isl. de la lieunion,
p. 127, pi. .xii. f. 1-3.

Huh. Isl. Bourbon (Reunion).

Species 1."). (Fig. a, i, Mus. Brit.)
.Ma(;ii,i;s i;(.sti;atl's. Mwj. tcstd jiarv'i, ijlobosd,

■■'oliilinsnlii, lo ngitudinaliler striata, spivA bretds-

ximd. nitundd, aperturd antic!- hreviter rostratd ;

columella i-alide arciiati'i, torttiosd, attenuald.
The isEAKEn Magilus. Shell small, globose, rather

solid, longitudinally striated, spire very short,

rounded, aperture sliortly rostrated in front ;

I'olumella strongly arched, tortuous, attenuated.
A. Adams (Leptoconchus). Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,

I.SIU, vnl. 13, ,3rd .series, p. 310.
7A,/,. '

A small bulb-shaped species, with a distinct small
beak.

Species 1(1. (Fig. (j, i, Mus. Ueshayes? Copird.)

Magilus Maillardi. 3Iai/. testd suhcylindracea,
spiraliter costatd, longitudinaliter tenuiter striata,
spird hrevi, obtiisd, coiUabulatd ; anfractibus
quaternis, Irevibus, lenti crescentibus, vltimo
inaximo, superne obtuse angulato, aperturd valde
obliqud, subquadratd ; cohimelld inrrassafd, valde
contortd, aiitice phmd,

Maillard's Magilus. Shell siibcylindrical, spirally
ribbed, longitudinally finely striated, spire short,
obtuse, contabulated ; whorls four, short, slowly
increasing ; the last very large, obtusely angular
above, aperture very oblique, subquadrate ;
columella thickened, much twisted, anteriorly
flat.

Deshaves (Leptoconchus). Conch. Isl. de la Reunion,
p. 124.

Hab. Isl. Bourbon ( Ui'union).

M A G I L U S.

antiquus, De Mouljhi-d I.

costatus, /I. yl(/((;»6- II.

( 'umingii, Dcsltayes II.

Cuvieri, Deshai/et: II.

(-llipticus, .Sortwi^ III.

Hinbriatiis, A. Adams III.

glubulosiis, Deshayes (?) III.

hmnnvvVn, Beshayes I\'.

Maiilai-di. Ih^hayes IV.

Kol.ilkuxli, Lkrnird IV.

rostratus, A. Adams IX .

KnpeWu, Drsliayes I\'.

serratus, Pes/iai/cs ( .') III.

.solidiuscula, Pease . . IV.

striatus, RiipcU III.

y'e;'o«iV, Lamarck I.

M 0 N 0 (t R A P H

OF THE GENUS

CLAVAGELLA.

" In coral groves
Sile.it aiul dark, where the Sea-lion roves."-Bo.7'''--'-

%]

Clmnqdla PL. I.

A

t<\v

Sowei by del el lilh

VjiKciilBrooks Day K, Son, hup.

C L A V A G E L L A.

Plate I.

Genus CLAVAGELLA, Lamank.

I'eKta bivalvis, sa^ros madreponisque perforaiis, ontice
bulbcBJurinis, postice in tubinn attenuata. Ttibus
ante valvas in spinis tubuliformibus terminoTis.
Valvce edentulee, intus margaritacece, ad marginem
ventralem Mantes; sinislra libera, dexlra in tubum
affixa.

Shell bivalve, perforating rocks and matlrepores, an-
teriorly bulb-shaped, posteriorly attenuated into a
tiibe. Tube terminating in front of the valves in
tube-formed spines. Valves edentulous, pearly
within, gaping at the ventral margin ; left free ;
right fixed in the tube.

In tlie fossil form, when the tube and valves are de-
tached from the stone in which the mollusk burrowed
when living, the Clavagella appears not unlike a rather
bulb-shaped aspergillmn ; the small spinous tubes with
which the large tube terminates, not, however, forming
as in that genus the margin of a perforated disk. But
when the shell is seen in situ, in a recent state, it is ob-
served that the valves are not rudimentary points forming
part of the tube, as in aspergillum, but are much more
advanced and expanded, one only being fixed to the
tube and forming part of it, while the other is free and
moves on its hinge. Thus our present genus is exactly
intermediate between Fistula, having both valves quite
free within the tube, and Aspergillum, having both
valves soldered into the tube.

Mr. G. B. Sowerby appears to have been the first
to discover the existence of the genus in a recent state.
Having obtained permission to scrape away the matrix
from what was supposed to be a burrowing Aspergillum,
in the British Museum, he ascertained its true nature,
and pviblished a figure and description of the first
kno-svn recent species under the name of Clavagella

APERTA.

The eight or nine species now known are found in
the Mediterr.auean, Australia, and the Pacific.

Species 1. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Brit.).
Clavagella balanorum. Cla. testa paivd, camera uvata,

valv'i sinistra inrgulanter rugata, subtrigona, apice

unguiculato, acuniinato ; tubn brcriusculu, com-

presso, Icevi.
The balanus Clavagella. Shell small, chamber

ovate, left valve rather trigonal, irregularly

wrinkled, with ungmculated acuminated apex ;

tube rather short, compressed, smooth.
ScACCHi. Philippi Enum. Moll. Sic, torn. ii. p. 1, tab.

xiii. p. 2, a, b, c.
Hab. Jlount Pausilypus. Mediterranean. In groups

of Bal.ani.

The specimen in the British Museum which we have
figured, has been named as above by the authority of
Bisliaijes.

Species 2. (Fig. «, b, r, Mus. Brit.).

Clavagella aperta. Cla. tei^td in camera lata decum- '
benti ; valva sinistra trigona, irregidariler nigatd,
apice fix acuminato ; tubo lato, maryine late rcjlexo
ei expanso, irregulariter late laqneato, interdmn
duplieato.

TiiE OPEN Clavagella. Shell lying in a broad
chamber ; left valve trigonal, irregularly wrinkled,
apex scarcely acuminated ; tube broad, margin
widely reflected and expanded ; irregularly broadly
fluted ; sometimes double.

SoWEi;iiv, G. B., Genera of Pecent and Fossil Shells,
No. i:i.

Ilab. Mediterranean.

The margin of the tube is broadly expanded and

rather trumpet-sliaped.

es3.

(Mus. Brit.)

Clavagella Philippiana. Cla. testa elongatd ; valva
sinistrd trigona, arcuatd, extiis nigatd ; tubo elon-
gate, ad latera subconstnicto, ad terminum vix

December, 1872.

CLAVAGELLA.— Plate I.

reflexo, ante tei-mintnn interdum laniiiul suhnjiexa
marginatd.
Philippi's Clavagella. Shell elongated, left valve
trigonal, curved, wrinkled outside, tube elongated,
slightly contracted, very little reflected at the
margin, sometimes before the end bordered with
a reflected lamina.

Deshayes? .M8. in Brit. Mas.
Clavagella Melitcnsis, var. rotunda, Phi
Hal). Mediterranean.

The tube is very little rellected at tin
is compressed at the sides, so as to form
somewhat clavate section.

ippi, non Brod.

C/aniffclla /'/, //.

f-T-

^m^^r^'

e

Viri'.eat f icokc Day S r>on imp

C L A V A G E L L A,

Species 4. (Fig. ,i. h.

:lla ai;.sti:alis. ilu. I
intra teiiui, riigoS'i, oliliiiii/i'i
•i;jo(o, ivtiiiii/i), /(rviijiitii.

rlarat]
„/io/,rlhr,,

valv,i
■ tubi,
hand

TiiK AusTUALiAN Ci-AVAGKLi.A. Shell cliivate, left
valve thin, rough, oblong, niodiola-sliaped ; tube
elongated, rounded, smooth, margin straight, not
expanded.

SowERBY (G. B. 1), Catalogue of Stutchburg'.'! shells.

Hah. Australia and other parts of the Paeitie.

The tube is ro
dves are oblons.

(led.

ith

edge, and the

Species -.. (F

Clavagkm.a Ml

i-uln) si„i..i

lUliJIllntis i-i

\), H,^. /-, Mus. Brit.)

,„/„

ilnin

till,,

h,

U't'

naliter costato, ad tenitinum iudenUilo.

Till-; Malte.se Clavagella. Shell anteriorly ventri-
cose ; left valve subquadrate, concentrically undu-
lated with somewhat angulated wrinkles ; tube
longitudinally ribbed, indented at the end.

BuODEKii'. Trans. Linn. Soc.. vol. i.

Hub. Malta.

In our figure may be seen the position of the small

tubes which perforate the rock between the valves at

the anterior end of the bulb-shaped tube. Their pur-

po.se seems to be to admit the free entrance of the

water to the molhisk.

December, 1872.

amageUa 11. III.

/

i .

I

-iowi.-ri.y Jel tl liU,

C L A V A G E I. L A.

Species G. (Mus. I'.rit.)

Clavac.ella lata. Cki. testd ventricosUsimA ; valvd
sinislrd latissimd, subtrigom'i, subconvexi'i, extern!:
cnncentrici: jiigosd, I'ntiis nitenti ; tubo iijnoto ?

The liRDAii ('i.ava(;ei.la. Sliell very vcntricoso, left
valve very broad, subtrigonal, ratlicr convex, ex-
ternally concentrically rugose, shining ■wiihiii ;
tube not known ?

BiiODEUH'. Trans. Zool. Soc, vol. i.

l[<ih. Pacific.

(Fig. a, b, r, .Mus

Scott. Copied.)

Clavagella elongata. Cla. leM antic!: subpyriforiid ;
valvd siiitstrd elongatd, subtrigond, extils concentrire
valde rugosd, intils nitenti, apice ungiuciilato, pro-
(lucto, aciiminato : tvbo elongato, conirn/riir Kini/a-
tim rugato.

The elong.^ted Clavagella. Shell anteriorly sub-
pyriform; left valve elongated, subtrigonal, con-
centrically very much wrinkled outside, shining
inside, apex unguiculated, produced, acuminated;
tube elongated, concentrically sinuou.sly wrinkled.

Decern

HuoDEltll-. Trans. /,o.)l. .S,,,-.. vo

llah. Pacific .'

Spcci.'s .H. (Fig. a. b. r

.Mus. Sow

CLAVAiiEI.r.A LMin-ATA. Cht.

/. .<l,'i vi:iili-

.■:ini.<lrd liilissiiini, yiilitrii/oi)

i.Sll/,r,„ir,.:

riigat.) .- f,i/m /„tn. n'l<i,„l,,l,

, pn./i! In-i

lini;mii;in-.<,ihrU'l'ito,,i,U.i

„i,iiwisNl,r

very wide, subtrigonal, rather couvx, r„nr,-„-
trically wrinkled ; tube broad, rounded, ne.-ir the
end longitudinally slightly wriid<led. at the end
rather ri lleeted, closely fluted.
SoWKIMiV.

ffiih. Mediterranean .'

vex, besides being so regularly wrinkled, that it wa>
at first supposed to belong to Mr. Broderip's Cl'irngcl/ii
lata, but as that shell is imbedded in a different kind
of rock, and its tube is undescribed, it will be better to
treat the present as new. It differs from Clanii/clbt
aperta, in the much less open and reflected and umre
closely fluted character of its tube, as well a> in the
totally different character of its free valve.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE (iENUS

L I M N ^ A,

Muscle and nerve miraculously spun,

His migMy work, who speaks and it is .Uwr—Cowper

4

^M,

LumujcaPl.L

W\

C.

^^y

%

.So-«ori)y. dei et \iii.

VinceiiLiii-oQksDayASoii, Imp

L T ^[ N j: a.

Genns LLMN^^A, Ldinarck.

Testa dextrorse spiralis, testaceo-comea, ovuUi sen pjira-
midata, epidei^mide teimiindiita ; spira acuminata,
anfractibus plerumque iurritis, labia interna aper-
tiirce super anfractum ultimum ant/iisti- ej-jxinso,
plerumqne unipUcato. Operculum nullum.

Shell dextrally spiral, horny-testaceous, ovate or jiyra-
niidal, covered with a thin epidorniis ; spire
acuminated, whorls generally turreted, inner lip of
the aperture narrowly spread on the body-whorl,
generally with a single plait. No operculum.

The LimncecB are to be found in every part of the
world where there are small streams of running water,
or stagnant pools, or inland lakes. Not only the genus
but the species have a very wide range, our British
species being mostly found in all parts of the Continent.
The characters of some American species so nearlv re-
semble the European forms as to be almost undistin-
guishable. Australian forms have an inflated character
almost peculiar to them ; and among the Indian species
are some conical and some boat-shaped forms, also
strikingly diflering from our plain horny species in
presenting some varieties in colouring. The species
separated under the name of Amphipepl.«;.\, Xihsan,
are characterized by a greater degree of polish on the
shell, caused by a lobe of the mantle covering part of
it. Our British L. glutinosa presents an example of
this, and the shell itself is nearly involute, having
scarcely any spire.

Species 1. (Mus. Brit., and fig. /-, j.l. ii.)

LlMN^.\ AURlcuL.^Ri.'i. Lim. tcstii lata, patul,i. palliiU
cornea; spira, brevissimd , anfractibus tribus, parris ;
ultimo anfractu inflato, breviusculo ; apiitiirn
maxima, labia externa late expanso ; plica caluinel-
lari validd, elevatd, tortua.

The auricul.\r Limn^a. Shell broad patulate. pale
horn; spire very short, whorls three, small; last

whorl iiillateil, rather short ; aperture- very lurgi',
outer lip broadly expanded; culuiin-llar I'ohl
strong, elevated, tortuous.

DitAPAltNAUD. Mollusqucs do France. ])l. 2, f. 'Ix.

Limnwa aiiricularia, Linna.'us.

Jfab. Britain and other parts of Europe.

Species 2. (Mus. Brit.)

Ll.MN.EA (iLAHl'',!!. Lim. tCStd SUllCI/li il'l rici'l , i(ili/)(.<l<i,

elongatti, pallidi; J'uled ; s/iini rlinili'i, ti/ii'rlnnnn
longitudine multo superauti : (i/i/'r^niihus ijuiiiijh. .
convexis, duobus medianis hitiii.-<,-iiH.<. diinhu^ npi-
calibus minutis ; idtimo anfractu andi, .^upn) a/ier-
turam eleratn ; aperturd oblongil, milirr l,iliiisriil<i,
plicA columeltari crassd, rectiuscnld.

The shining Limnj:a. Shell subcylindrical, narrow,
elongated, pale fulvous ; spire elevated, much ex-
ceeding the aperture in length ; whorls tive.
convex, the middle two rather broad, the apical
two minute ; last whorl oval, elevated above the
aperture; aperture oblong, rather broad in front,
columellar fold thick, rather straight.

MuLi.ER. Schroet. Huss., pi. 7, f. 15.

Ilah. Great Britain.

The British Limncea octanfracta and the American

/,. elongata may possibly be varieties of this.

Species 3. (Mus. Brit.)

LiM.N^A tuuncatula. Lim. testd brevi, solidiuscubi,
pallidi fused, spird conicd, aperturam lonijiludint
jiaulo superanti, anfractibus quatuor, brcviuscidi.^,
rotundis ; ultimo anfractu breviter subci/lindracto :
aperturd oblongo-subquadratd, antice truncald, labia
interna crassiusculo, antice rectiusculo, plica cdii-
mellari hand prominenti.

The truncated Lisixjia. Shell short, rather solid, pale
brown, spire conical, a little exceeding the apc-r-

LIMN^A.— Plate I.

ture in length ; whorls four, rather short, rounded ;
last whorl shortly subcylindrical ; aperture oblong-
subquadrate, anteriorly subtruncated ; inner lip
rather thick, anteriorly rather straight, columellar
fold not prominent.

MuLLEU. Pfeiffer, Syst. Anond., pi. -1, f. 27.

Limnaea fossaria, Turton ?

Limncea minuta, Draparnaud .'
turrita, Sowerby ?

Species 4. (Fig- a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Li.\in.«:a stagnalis. Lim. testa elegantn- pyramidatd,
corneo-fulvd ; spin! elevatd, acuminatd, attenuatd,
aperturam lonijitudine paulo superanti ; anfractibus
attenuatis, ohliquis, posttce declivibus, medio leviter
angulatis ; iiltimo anfvactu inflato ; apertvrd magna
suhqnadratd, labia exlemo ad medium simmlim
producto ; labia intemo subexpansa, plica columel-
lavi prominenti, spiraliter tortud, recurvd.

The .stagnant Limnjea. Shell elegantly pyramidal,
horny-fulvous ; spire elevated, acuminated, attenu-
ated, a little longer than the aperture; whorls
attenuated, oblique, sloped posteriorly, slightly
angular in the middle ; last whorl inflated ;
aperture large, subquadrate, outer lip sinuously
produced in the middle ; inner lip somewhat ex-
panded, columellar fold prominent, spirally tor-
tuous, recurved.

LiNN^us. Systema Natura;.

Liiiina'a strii/nlu, Parreys.

Ln„,„-ni !•;,,,/,>,■'! Muhlfelds.

Jlal). (iroat I Iritain, and Europe generally.

Species 5. (Mus. Brit.)

Li.MX.EA PALUSTitis. Liiii. testd fitmoso-comed, c?-assi-
mculi'i, jnframidatd ; spird clevatd, aperturam langi-
tiidiii, sn/ii niiili ; a iifract ibus CBqiialiter cresceiitihus,
paiili'i i-fiiir, .lis : tiUliiii, iiiifractu spiraliter rugatis ;
upciiiiiv bri'i-iiist-n/'i, aiitici' latiusculd ; plica colu-
mellari conqncud, tortud, antice subrecurvd.

The marsh LiMNiEA. Shell smoky-horn, rather thick,
pyramidal ; spire elevated, exceeding the aperture
in length; whorls equally increasing, a little
convex ; last whorl spirally wrinkled ; aperture
rather short, anteriorly rather broad ; columellar
plait conspicuous, tortuous, anteriorly curved a
little backwards.

|)i;ai-ai;xaui). Mollusques de France, pi. 2, f. 40-42.

Limncea coi-nea, Valenciennes ?
Liiiina'a fragilis, Linn. ?

Limncea speciosa, ?

It is not known to which of several species the
L. fragilis of Linnaeus belonged.

Species C. (Mus. Brit.)

Limn^a umbrosa. Lim. testd frimoso-corncd , solidius-
culd, cylindraceo - subpyramidaid, spird elevatd,
multo aperturam longitudine superanti ; anfractibus
quinque, quarum tribus apicalibus 2'>arvis, acumi-
natis, penultimo ultimoque elongatis, subcylindraceis,
ultimo spiraliter rugato, supi-a aperturam elevato ;
aperturd lata, plied cohmellari elevatd, ccmspicud,
tortud, retrorsim arciiatd.

The shadowy Limn^a. Shell smoky-horn, rather
solid, cylindrically subpyramidal, spire elevated,
much longer than the aperture ; whorls five, of
which the three apical ones are small, acuminated,
the penultimate and last long, subcylindrical, the
last spirally wrinkled, raised above the aperture ;
aperture broad, columellar fold elevated, conspi-
cuous, tortuous, arched backwards.

Say. American Conchology, Limnsea, fig. 3.

Limncea ohscura, Zeigler.

Hab. N. America.

In this species, the two last whorls are elongated and

full, giving a cylindrical appearance to the figure. L.

reflexa, Say, is comparatively long and narrow, but

with the whorls more equally increasing. L. elodes

is more like our L. palustris, but more oblique, with the

mouth and last whorl more oval.

Species 7. (Fig. n, b, c, Mus. Brit.)

LiMN^A PKi'.EGRA ? Lim. tcstd subovutd, coi-ncd, sjjird
brcviusculd, acuminata, anfi-actibus tribus, plerum-
que castaneis ; ultimo anfractu ovato ; aperturd
magna, latd, spiram longitudine superanti ; plica
columellari elevatd, rectiusculd.

The WANDERING LiMNiEA. Shell subovate, horny,
spire rather short, acuminated, whorls three,
generally chestnut ; last whorl ovate ; aperture
large, broad, exceeding the spire in length ;
columellar fold elevated, rather straiglit.

Ferku.ssac.

LimiHTa liniata, ?

LiiniKta glacialis, ?

mj

w

A

W

Lumum^FlIl.

v

:-by, dfii el lith

VmceatBroaks Day&SonJmp

L I M N ^ A.

Fig. b. A peculiar variety of Liiancea auricularia ;
vide Plate I.

Species 8. (Fig. o, h, Miis. Brit.)

LniNjEA lirvoLHTA. Liin. testd ovato-suhcylindricd, t'n-
vohctd, coi-neo-rulescenti, aperturd ohlmigd, antke
amplissimd, labio externo postice suprd, spiram
elevato, cohimelld uniplicald; spird concavd, an-
fractihus siihcwialis.

The involute Limn.ea. Shell ovately-siibcyliiulrical,
involute reddish horn, aperture oblong, very lull
in front, outer lip elevated posteriorly above the
spire, columella single-plaited; spire concave,
with the whorls nearly hidden.

Har\-et (AmphipepL-ca) ?

Hah. Killarney, Ireland, &c.

This species is the tj'pe of a group of Limna.>ada;
which has been separated under the generic appellation
Amj^hipeplcea, having hollow or partly hidden spires.
The gradation through L. fjlutlnosa, L. Cumingii, &c.,
to others with slightly raised spires is gradual.

Species 0. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

LniN^A GLUTiNOSA. Lwi. testd suh<jl()hosd, tenuis-
simd, post cohcmellam subumbilicatd ; aperturd
maximd, columelld imiplicatd, tortud, arcuatd,
labio interna tenuissime expanso ; ultimo anfractu
parvo, spird subinvolutd, apice vix producto.

The glutinous Limn^a. Shell subglobose, very thin,
subumbilicated behind the columella; aperture
very large, columella single-plaited, tortuous,
arched, inner hp very thinly spread, last whorl
small, spire nearly involute, with scarcely pro-
duced apex.

Draparnand. Mich. Corapl. Drap., p. 38, PL 10,
f. 13, 14.

Hab. Germany, Great Britain.

In the second .species of AmpldiKphm the apex is a
little raised.

Species 10. (Mus. Brit.)

Limn,ea patvla. Lim. testd ehmtjxtd, tnnd, jia/lidd,
ovatd, 2>ostice attemiatd, anfractu ultimo vblotiijo,
angiisto, columelld tonuiler unijilicatd, Inhioiiitcnto
tenuissime expanso ; aperturd magnd ; labio externo
postice subrvlimdo, medio paulo si iiuatim producto ;
spird elonijatd, attemiatd, anfractibus tribus pyra-
midalihus

The patulous Limn.ea. Shell elongated, thin, pale,
ovate, posteriorly attenuated, with the last whorl
oblong narrow; columella thinly uniplicate, inner
lip very thinly expanded ; aperture large ; outer
lij) rather rounded posteriorly, a little sinuously
produced in the middle; spire elongated, at-
tenuated, with three pyramidal whorls.

Tro.schel. ?

TIab. River Ganges.

Not unlike Limncea rrifescens. Gray, but less pyra-
midal, having the upper part of the last whorl much
more full and rounded.

LlM.\.EA MEOASTOM
loii,,;tnd;„aldc

Species 11. (Mus. Brit.)

Liia. testd subovaid, soUdiusculd,
ru(/is l(Bvigalis hand profnadis

'I'"

ide subjlavido glabra indiUd, inths
pvrpiiiiM ; labio inferno antice uniplicato, postice
alba ; subsolido ; anfractu ultimo ventricoso ; spird
breviiisculd, anfrcKtibus prope suturam subangii-
latis.

The LAitGE-MOUTHED LiMNiEA. Shell subovate, rather
solid, ridged longitudinally with .smooth, not deep
wrinkles, covered with a rather yellow glabrous
epidermis, purple within ; inner lip with one an-
terior fold, po.steriorly white, rather solid ; last
whorl ventricose ; spire rather short, whorls rather
angular near the suture.

Say. Haldeman's Journal, PI. 3, f. 1.

Limiuea columella. Say.

Hub. New York.

March, 1.S72.

LIMN^A.— Plate II.

Species 12. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

LiMN^A Angasi. Lim. testd suhglohosd, fused, tenu-
issimd, Btri(jis opacis albidis interruptis ornatd ;
aperturd amplissimd, antice expansd, labia externa
superne producto ; plied colvmellari tenui, spirali,
arcuatd ; spird brevissimd, acutd.

The Angas Limn^a. Shell subglobose, brown, very
thin, ornamented with opaque white interrupted
stripes ; aperture very wide, expanded in front,
outer lip produced above ; columellar fold thin,
spiral, arched ; spire very short, acute.

SOWERBT.

Hah. Port Darwin, Northern Australia.

This interesting species belongs to the Amphipepl(sa
group. The surface presents a positive reddish-brown
colour, variegated by opaque white interrupted stripes.
In this respect the species differs from all the other
known species.

Species 13. (Mus. Sowerby.)
LiMN,«A ACUTA. Lim. testd subpyriformi acuminaid ;
subopacd ; anfractibus qwituor, quartim trihus
spiralihm subventricosis, distinctis, latei-alem ro-
tundatis, vltimo expanse, obliquo ; aperturd ovatd ;
labia interna angusta, plied columellari subobsoleld,
elevatd, vix arcuatd ; apice acuminata.
The acute Limn^a. Shell rather pyriform, acumi-
nated rather opaque ; whorls four, of which the
three spiral are rather ventricose, distinct,
laterally rounded ; the last expanded, oblique ;
aperture ovate; inner lip narrow, columellar fold
rather obsolete, raised, scarcely arched ; apex
acuminated.
Jeffhets. Briti.sh Mollusca.
Ilab. Great Britain, and Europe generally.

Although having a larger and more produced spire
than the normal form of Liimiaa 2>ereger, it is pos-
sibly, as now thought by Mr. Jeffreys, only a variety of
that species ; yet sufficiently marked for notice.

k

■Id. a..

LwinoeaPlJIL

^

Sowerby.dd etlith

Vincent, BrooksDay *Son, Imp

L I M N ^ A.

Plate III.

Species 14. (Fig. a, h, c. JIus. Brit.)

LiMN.aL^ RUFESCENS. Lim. testd eIongnto-2»jrarn,idatd,
tenui, pallide corned, vcl rufescenti vel purpuras-
centi ; spird allenuatd, acuminald, anfradibus
dongalis, pyramidatU, ultimo ohlongo, antice suh-
expanso ; columelld uniplicatd, arcuaid, labia in-
terno tenui, aiigusto.

The eeddish Limn^a. Shell elongate-pyramidal, thin,
pale horny or reddish or pirrplish ; spire attenu-
ated, acviminated, whorls elongated, pyramidal,
the last oblong, anteriorly subexpanded ; colu-
mella uniplioated, arched, inner lip thin, narrow.

Grat. Reeve, Conch. Sy.st., pi. 191, f. 2.

Ilab. India.

Species 15. (Miis. Brit.)

LiiiNiELi OVATA. Lim. tcstd ovald, rentricosd, opacd,
corned, rectiusculd ; sjdrd brevi, acuid ; anfractn
penuUimo rotunda, ultimo magna, past calumellam
concavo, aperturd ovatd, laid, lahio interna solidi-
ilsculo, angitsta, plied, coliimcllari crassiusculd
rectiusculd.

The ovate LursiEA. Shell ovate, ventricose, oparpie,
liorny, rather straight ; spire short, acute ; jienul-
timate whorl rounded, last whorl large, concave
behind the columella, aperture ovate, broad, inrnT
lip rather solid, narrow, columella fold rather
thick, rather straight.

Desparnadd. Moll., pi. 2, f. 30, SI.

Hab. Europe.

It must still be an open question whether such species

aa Limnaa ovata, acuta, intermedia, and pereger

should or should not be united under the latter name.

The writer does not decide this question, but only

attempts to show the characteristics of each.

Species IC. (Mu3. Brit.)
LiMN^A iN'TEKMErnA. Lim. t( std mhoratd, rentricosd,
ahliqud, corned, tsubopacd ; spird briciiisculd.

anfractu pemdtimo injlato, ultimo oblique expanse,
post columellam concavo, ajicrturd oblique snhovaid.
lata, plica colurnellari elevatd, solidd, subtoriiwsd.

The indeterminate Li.mx.s;a. Shell siibovatc, ventri-
cose, oblique, horny subopaque ; spire rather
short, penultimate whorl inflated, last whoxl
obliquely expanded, concave behind the columella,
aperture obliquely subovatc, broad, columellar
fold elevated, solid, a little tortuous.

Ferrussac. IMich. Compl. Descrip., pi. 10. pp. 17, 18.

llab. France.

If this be a distinct species, it may be considered

intermediate in form between Liinncta pereger and L.

auricularia.

Species 17. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMN^A FUSCA. Lim. testd j^yramidatd, angustd, opacd,
pallide lactea-s^ibjjurptired ; spird elongald pyra-
midatd, anfractibus quatuor compressis, fusca-
rufescentihus ; apice acuminato ; aperturd jHirvd,
inlus castaned ; plied calumellari brevi, rectiusculd.

The brown Limn.ea. Shell pyramidal, narrow, opaque,
pale milky-purplish ; spire elongate-pyramidal,
with four compressed reddish-brown whorls,
apex acuminated ; aperture small, chestnut within ;
columellar fold short, rather straight.

Pfeiffer. Lund and Freshw., vol. ii. pi. -1, fig. 25.

Hab. Dalmatia.

Not unlike the British L. palustris, but with straight-
sided whorls, and dark chestnut colour in the mouth.

Species 18. (Mus. Brit.)

LisiN^A riNGuis. Lim. testd anguste ovatd, rectiusculd,
subsalmoned ; spird breviiiseidd, obtusiiisculd, an-
fractibus jMrvis, fusca-rubescentibus; idtimo magno;
aperturd mediocri, ovatd, pilicd calumellari sub-
tortuosd.

The fat Lims^ea. Shell narrowly ovate, rather
straight, of a slightly salmon colour ; spire rather

March, 1872.

LIMN^A.— Plate III.

short, rather obtuse, whorls small, reddish-brown,
the last large, ovate ; apertuxe middle-sized, ovate,
columellar fold rather tortuous.

Say. Journ. Acad. Soi. Phil., vol. ii. p. 123.

Limncea desidiosa, Say ?

ffab. N.W. Territory, United States.

Species 19. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

LiJiN.EA GRACILIS. Lim. testd angustissimd, altemmtd,
pallide conieo, sjnrd elongatd, aculeatd, anfractihus
quatuor, atlenuatis, suhpyramidatis, vltimo paulu
expanso ; aijerturd brevi, angusto, labio externa
suprd deflexo, columelld recUusculd.

The slender Limx^ea. Shell very narrow, attenuated,
pale horn, spire long, aculeated, whorls four,
attenuated, subpyramidal, the last a little ex-
panded ; aperture short, narrow, outer lip bent
downwards above, columella rather straight.

Sat (Acella). Haldeman, Mon., pi. 13, f. 21.

Hab. Vermont.

This species is so singular in form that it has been

thought worth while to separate it generically under
the name of Acella.

Species 20. (Mus. Brit.)

Ldin^a appressa. Lim. testd subpyriformi, opacd,
corned, gracili, spird elongatd, pyramidatd,
aitenuatd, anfractibus laterallter appresds, ultimo
expanso, antice stdjacumi7iato ; aperiurd hrevlas-
culd.

TuE ATPRESSED LiJlN^EA. Shell subpyriform, opaque,
horny, slender, spire elongated, pyramidal, at-
tenuated, whorls compressed at the sides, the last
expanded, subacuminated anteriorly; aperture
rather short

Say. •Journ. Am. Nat. Sci. PhiJ., vol. ii. p. 1C8.

Hob. Vermont.

More slender than the European L. slagnalis, and
having the whorls pressed together at the sides,
without the angular form of that well-known species

w.

WJ

Linuwea PL IV.

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Sowerby, del et lith

Vincent Brooks. Day iSon. Imp

L 1 M N iE A.

Species 21. (Fig. a, h, ^fus. Cum. in Brit.)
LimnjEa acicula. Lim. testd, parvd, corned, lutescenti,
IcmgitvdinalUer leviter liratd, angustd, acurninatd,
suhpyramidatd ; spird attennatd, anfraetibus late-
raliter appressis, ultimo antice suhexpanso ; aper-
tura breviuscidd ; labia interna aiigitsto, plied colu-
mellari rectiusculd.
The aciculate Li.mn^a. .Shell small, horny, yel-
lowish, longitudinally lightly ridged, narrow, acu-
minated, subpyramidal, spire attenuated, whorls
pressed up at the sides, the last a little ex])an<led
in front ; aperture rather short ; inner lip narrow,
columellar fold rather straight.

KOKIEL.

Hafi. Styria.

A curiously attenuated little shell.

Species 22. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMJT^iA HoLBOLLii. Zi7ft. testd ovata-mbanminatd,
comeo-riibescenti ; spird productd, anfraclibiis
quatuor, rotundis, ultimo ventricoso, post columel-
lavi concavo ; aperturd breviiisculd, inths succinned,
plica columellari validd.

HoLBOLLi's LiiMN.4:a. Shell ovately subacuniinated,
reddish-horn ; spire produced, whorls foiu',
rounded, the last ventricose, concave behind the
columellar fold. Aperture rather short, witliin
amber coloured ; columella fold solid.

Beck.

Hab. Greenland.

The mouth and spire are about equal in length.

Species 23. (Mus. Brit.)
LIMN.BA Vahlii. Lim. testd oblongo-ovatd, semipellu-
cidd, carneo-nibescenti, spird subaaiminatd, anfrae-
tibus quatuor, quarum tribus pan-is leviter rotundis,
ultimo elongato, ovato ; aperturd stibpyriformi , plied
columellari tortud, brevihscxdd, subspirali.

Vahl's Limn."ea. Shell oblotig-ovate, scmipellueid,
reddish-horny; spire subacuniinated, whorls four,
of which three are small, sliglitly rounded, the
last elongated, ovate; aperture subpjTiform.
columellar fold tortuous, rather short, subsjiiral.
Beck. Moll.
Ilab. Greenland.

Resembling Limncea HolboUii, but more ovate, hav-
ing the body-whorl longer in projiortion to the spire.

Species 24. (Fig. «, b, JFus, Brit.)
LiMNyEA ,n:(iUl.Ai:is. Lim. testd magnd, jn/rifunni, jial-
lide corned, lineis albidit longitiidiiudilms inter-
ruptis irregidaribus strigatd ; spird ehvatd, sub-
attemiatd, acumiuatd, anfraetibus tribus elangatis,
vi.v medio inflatis, idtimo maxima, mbovato, antiee
expanso, subtnincato ; aperturd subpyiifonni, an-
tice valde expeinsd ; labia i^Uerrio sube.vpanso, plied
colvmellari subspirali, ekmgatd.
The jugulak Limn.ea. Shell large, pyriform, pale
horn strijiixl with longitudinal interrupted ir-
regular whitish lines. Spire elevated, subat-
tenuatcd, aciiminated, with three elongated whorls
very little swollen in the middle ; the last ver)
large, subovate, expanded and subtruncated in
front ; aperture much expanded in front ; inner
lip a little expanded, columellar fold subspiral,
elongated.
Say. Haldeman's Mon., pi. 4.
Ilab. New York.

This species resembles our Limncea stagnalis, but
differs in proportions, and the whorls are neither so
suddenly expanded nor so angular as in that species.

Species 25. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
LiMN.EA SwiNHOEi. Lim.. tcstd ovcitd, fraijili, irregn-
lariter striald, pedlide corned; spird acuminatd, an-
fraetibus quatuor, convexiiisculd ; aperturd avato-
oblongd j tatius lemgiludinis cequante ; calu-
melhi valde simiatd : labro jlexuoso, in medio
subsin uato.

Ma

1872.

LIMNiEA.— Plate IV.

Swinhoe's Limn.ea. Shell ovate, fragile, irregularly
striated, pale horn ; spire acuminated, whorls four,
rather convex ; aperture ovate-oblong, equalling
two-thirds of the entire length ; columella much
twisted ; outer lip flesuous, slightly sinuated in
the middle.

H. AuAMS. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18GG, pi. .xxxiii., f. 13.

Hah. Takon, Isl. Formosa.

Species 26. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMN^A succiNEA. Lhti. teitd ovato-acuminatd, tenuis-
simd, palHde corned, translucidd, spird breviusculd,
anfractibus convcxiilsculis dxiohus apicalibits parvis,
pemdtimo subelongato, ultimo ovato ; aperturd sub-
ovatd, labia extemo ad marginem fuscato, plied
columellari tenui, leviter tortuosd.

The ameer Limn^a. Shell ovately acuminated, very
thin, pale horn, translucid, spire rather short ;
whorls rather conve.x, the two apicial ones small,
the penultimate rather elongated, the last large,
ovate ; aperture subovate, outer lip brown at the
margin, columellar fold thin, slightly tortuous.

Deshates. Voy. Belanger, PI. ii., f. 1.3, 14.
Hab. Malabar.

It is of an oval form a little sharpened at the apex,
and very light and transparent.

Species 27. (Mus. Brit.)

LlMN^A Geisericola. Lini. testd parvd, oblique sub-
ovatd, femigined, opacd, spird brevi, anfractibus
duobus apicalibus parvis, rotundis, penultuno majus-
culo, ultimo inflato, antice tumidiitsculo ; post
columellam concavo, aperturd obliqud pyriformi,
antice oblique expanse.

The hot-spring Limn^ia. Shell small, obliquely sub-
ovate, ferruginous, opaque, spire short, with two
apicial whorls, small, rounded, the penultimate
rather large, the last inflated, rather tumid in
front, concave behind the columella ; aperture
oblique, pyriform, obliquely expanded in front.

Beck.

Hab. The Geysers or hot-springs of Iceland.

#

Lirnno'M PI. V

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Sowerby,delet.litl:i.

Vincent Brool^s Day& Son, Imp

L I M N tE A.

Species 28. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

LimNjEA Sandwichensis. Lim. iestd parvd, pyramidatd,
ferrugined, aperturd antice subexpansd ; anfractu
peniiltimo viajtiscnlo, apice oblusitlsculo, labia in-
terno valido, suprcl medium uniplicato.

The S.-iNDwicH Island Limn^a. Sliell small, pyra-
midal, fernigineous ; aperture a little expanded
anteriorly ; inner lip strong, single-plaited above
the middle.

Phillips. ?

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

Species 31. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMN^A AFFiNis. Lim. testd ovafd, corned : spird brevi,
acuminatd, anfraclihus parris, hand prominen-
tibus, aperturd pyrifonni, columelld rrassiusctild.
arcuatd.

The allied Limn.ea. Shell ovate, horny; spire
short, acuminated, ivLorls few, not prominent ;
aperture pyi'iform, columella rather thick, arched.

Beck. ?

I Ilab. Northern f^urope ?

This little shell is more ovate in form than the

Species 29. (Mus. Brit.)

Lni.M.i;A ELODES. Lim. testd attenuatim obhmrjd, ftisco-
corned ; spird eloiigntd, anfractibus fjuiiiqiie,pemd-
timo elongato ; aperturd breviiisculd, margine stib-
incrassato, intks fascid castaned pictd, labia interna
ad medium uniplicato.

The oily LnrN^\. Shell attenuately-oblong, brown-
horny ; spire elongated, whorls five, the last
elongated ; aperture rather short, with margin a
little thickened, painted within with a chestnut
band ; inner lip single-plaited in the middle.

Say. Haldeman's Monog., pi. 6, f. 15.

Hab. New York.

Species ."0. (:\Ius. Brit.)

LiMNJiA diaphana. Lim. testd eittenuatd, obkmgd,
temii, fusco-corned ; spird pyramidatd, anfractibus
fuscis, rotundatis, subdisjunctis ; aperturd brevi,
columelld vix tortud.

The diaphanous Limn.ea. Shell attenuated, oblong,
thin, brown-horn ; spire pyramidal, with brown,
rounded, somewhat disjointed whorls ; aperture
short, columella scarcely twisted.

KiNfi. Zool. Journ., vol. v. p. 344.

Hab. Straits of Magellan. Ciptain King.

generality of the spec

Species 32. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

LniN^EA REFLEXA. Lim. tcstd uttenuatd, temii, fused,
aureo strigatd ; spird productd, anfractibus paucis,
elongalissimis, lateraliter subcomplanatis ; aperturd
breviiisculd.

The I!EFLE.\ Limn.ea. Shell attenuated, thin, brown,
striped with yellowish; spire produced, with
whorls few, very long, rather compressed at the
sides, aperture short.

Say. Haldeman's Monog., pi. 8, f. 26.

Hab. North America.

This species is subject to great variations in form, as

may be seen in the two varieties figured.

Species 33. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMN^A CATASCoriUM. Lim. testd siibovald, subau-
rantio-corned ; spire! brevi, anfrcbctibus apicalibus
parvis, acnminatis, penultimo injlcito, ultimo magna ;
aperturd oreitd, calumelld rectiiisculd.

The cruiser Limn/Ea. Shell subovate, rather orange-
tinted-horny ; spire short, with apical whorls
small, acuminated, penultimate inflated, last large :
aperture ovate, columella rather straight.

Say. Haldeman's Monog., pi. 1, f. 1.

Hab. New York.

March, 187

LIMN^A.— Plate V.

Species 34. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMN^A SuMASii. Lini. testd eleganter pyramidatd,
corned, gracili ; spird productd, anfractibvs con-
vexiusculis, ultimo ovato ; aperturd breviiisculd,
oblique subovatd.

The Sumass Limn^a. Shell elegantly jiyramidal,
horny, narrow ; spire produced, whorls rather

convex, the last ovate ; aperture rather short,

obliquely subovate.
Baird. Proc. Zool. Soc.
Hab. Sumass Prairie, Vancouver's Island.

With the more elegantly curved lines of our British
Limnwa stagtialis, this species has the narrow form and
shortened aperture of our L. palustris.

^

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Vinrcnt Brooks Day & Son Imp

L I M N iE A.

Species 35. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMN^A EMARGINATA. Lim. testd pi/ramidatd, fused;
spird elongatd, attenuatd, anfractibus laleraliter
compressis ; ultimo convex! ilsculo ; aperiurd brevi,
intus subsalmoned, labia externa subexpanso, labia
interna angusto, columelld rectiuscidd, subelongatd.

The emarginated Lijin^a. Shell pyramidal, brown ;
spire elongated attenuated, whorls laterally com-
pressed, the last rather convex; apei-ture short,
inside a little salmon -tinted ; outer lip subex-
panded, inner lip narrow, columella rather straight
and long.

S.\Y. Haldeman's Monog., p. 10, pi. 2.

Eab. Miiine, U.S.

Species 36. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMN^A COLUMELLA. Lim. tcstd tenui, aurictilatd
pallide corned ; spird brevihsculd, angnstd, acu-
minatd, anfractibus paucis, ultimo fusiformi ;
aperturd valde expansd, subovatd, columelld suprct
medium imipUcatd, iiifr& arcuatd.

The columellar Limn^a. Shell thin, auriculated, pale
horny ; spire rather short, narrow, acuminated,
whorls few, the last fusiform ; aperture much ex-
panded, subovate, columeUa single-plaited above
the middle, arched below.

Sat. Haldeman's Monog., pi. 12.

Hob. Massachusetts.

our British Limnaea auricularia, but
much more graceful in form.

Species 37. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMNJL\ viNos.i. Lim. testd inflatd, pellucidd, fusco-
vinosd, strigis sparsis albidis irregularibus si(b-
variegatd, spird brevissimd, anfractu -ultima veiitri-
cosa, lata, prope suluram subangulato ; aperturd
lata, expansd.

The vikocs Lim>.'.«;a. Shell inflated, pellucid, brown-
vinous, slightly variegated with a few whitish
irregular stripes; spire very short, last whorl
ventricose, broad, slightly angular near the suture ;
aperture wide, expanded.

Adams and Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Ilab. Adelaide River. G. F. Angas.

Species 38. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMN.fiA CuMiNGii. Lim. testd tenuissimd, pallidd, pel-
lucidd, inflatd, ovato-subglobosd ; spird brevissimd,
anfractu ultimo expanso, subovato.

Cl'MIKg's Limn^\. Shell very thin, pale pellucid,
inflated ovately subglobose ; spire very short, last
whorl expanded, subovate.

Adams. I'roc. Zool. Soc.

Bab. Australia.

The largest of the group forming the genus named

Amphipeplea of some authors.

Species 39. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Limn.s:a MELiiouRNENSis. Lim. testd amplissimd, ovato-
subglobosd, pellucidd, pallidd, spird brevissimd ;
aperturd lata, labia interno tenui, subpurpureo, plied
columellari tenui, areuatd.

The Melbourne Limn^a. Shell very ample, ovately
subglobose, pellucid, pale, spire very short ; aper-
ture broad, inner lip thin, purplish, columellar
plait thin, arched.

Pfeiffer. ?

Hab. Melbourne, Australia.

Species 40. (Mus. Brit.)
LIMN.EA Strangil Lim. testd pallidd, tenui, pellucidd,
ovato-subglobosd ; spird brevissimd, anfractibus api-
calibus minutis, penultimo lateraliler inflato, ultimo
magno, ventricosa, oblique declivi.

March, 1872.

LIMN^A.— Plate VI.

Strange's Limn^a. Shell pale, thin, pellucid, ovately
subglobose ; spire very short, apical whorls
minute; penultimate laterally inflated, the last
large, ventricose, obliquely sloped.

Adams and Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hab. Moreton Bay.

The penultimate whorl is swelled in one direction,
and the last whorl in the other, which with the oblique
slope of the latter, produces a somewhat distorted
appearance.

Species 41. (Fig. a, b.)
LiMN^A Phillipsi. Liiii. testa tenui, ovato-subpyra-

midatd, fusco-rubescenti ; spira pyramidatd, brc-

viUsculd, anfi-actu ultimo magno, antice subexpanso :

columelld subtortuosd.
Phillips' Lims,e.\. Shell thin, ovate, subpyramidal,

reddisli brown ; spire pyramidal, rather short,

last whorl large ; anteriorly slightly expanded,

columella a little tortuous.
Adams and Angas. Stewart's Expedition.
Hab. Arnheim Land, North Australia.

Species 42. (Mus. Brit.)

LimNjEa decollata. Zim. testd parvd, solidiilsmld,
fused, ventiicosd ; spird brevi, anfractu vHimo
magno, brevi, antice valde injlato, medio subangulato ;
aperturd subovaid, intils castaneo, concentriee
unifasdato.

The decollated Limn.ea. Shell small, rather solid,
brown, ventricose ; spire short, last whorl large,
short, anteriorly much inflated, slightly angular in
the middle ; aperture subovate, with a single con-
centric band of chestnut within.

MiGHiELS. Haldeman's Monograph, pi. 10.

Hab. Maine, United States.

Llmn.aa Fl VII

m 1/

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i

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4

L I M N tE A.

Plate VII.

Fig. 35, /', c.
These two shells, together witli the white variety
copied at Plate XV., may now be taken to represent
the true species, Lni. emauginat.v, of Saij, to the exclu-
sion of the pyramidal species wrongly figured under
their name in PI. VI. f. 35. This is Limn.tc.v i-yii.v-
MUiATA, Plate IX. Sp. 58.

Fig. 43.

This sliell proves to be only a lightly-coloured

variety of Limn.'ea diaph.^na, King. Species 3().

For Species 43,

See Plate X., LiM. macuostoma.

Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.)

LiMN^A PROxniA. Lim. testa auijuste, pijramidatd, acu-
minata, cornea, substriata, spird atteimatd, anfrac-
tibus septem, 'ad latera rectis, aperlurd angustd,
brevi, castaneo prope marginem nnifasciato, colu-
mella latiusculd.

The APrKOxiM.^TE Limn.^a. Shell narrow, pyramidal,
acuminated, horny, slightly striated, sjiire atte-
nuated, whorls seven, straight at the sides, aper-
ture narrow, short, with a chestnut, band near the
edge ; columella rather broad.

Lka. ? MS. in Brit. Mus.

Hah. San Antonio.

Differing from Limnaxi i-ejk.ni (Say), in the straight-
ness of the sides of the whorls.

Species 45. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
LiMNiEA C.ojadensis. Lim. testa jiyramidatd, antic!:
inflald, tenuiusculd, poUtd, corned ; spird atteniiatd,
anfractibus quaternis, subrotundis ; ultimo injlato,
antice subacuminato, post columellam subexcavato ;
aperturd aurifonni, labio interno lata, colnmelld
erased, valide plicatd ; labio externa expaaso,
rejlexo, intiis incrassato.
The Canadian Lims.ea. Shell pyramidal, anteriorly
inrtated, rather thin, polished, horny ; spire attenu-

ated, whorls four, rather rounded, the last inflated ;
anteriorly .slightly acuminated, a little excavated
behind the columella ; aperture auriform, inner
lip broad, columella thick, strongly plicated ;
outer lip expanded, reilected, thickened within.

SoWKltBV.

/lab. Canada.

Finding tliis shell in the British Museum without a
name, and thinking it sufficiently distinct from L.
stagnalis, the writer has given it a local name.

Species 4G. (Mus. Brit.)

Li.MN^A Natalexsis. Lim. testa ovnto-oblongd, substri-
gatd, firrugineo-fuscd, iiijlatd ; spird brevi, an-
fractibus tribus, ultimo ovato : aperturd elongatd,
pallide roseo-fnlvd ; columella valid! plicatd, tor-
tud, labio externa tenui.

The Natal Limx.ea. Sliell ovate-oblong, rather tri-
gonal, rusty-brown, inflated; spire short, whorls
three, the last ovate ; aperture elongated, pale
rose-fawn ; columella with a strong plait, tortuous,
outer lip thin.

Kp.al'ss. Sudafriken Jlollusken.

Hid). Cape Natal, South Africa.

In form and appearance resembling Limncea pingxcis,

but diiferent in texture.

Species 47. (Fig. c, Mus. Brit.)
LiNtN^A ANGULATA. Lini. tcstd solidd, subroseo-fulvd,
suhquadratd, spird brevi, anfractibus latis, angu-
lalis, ultimo rnagno ; ad latera recto, post colu-
mellam (xcavato ; aperturd subtrigond, antice
subacuniinatd ; columella crassd, recta, labio ex-
terna castaneo, intiis nnifasciato.
The angtlap. LiiiN^aiA. Shell solid, pinky-brown, rather
Sfjuare, spire short, whorls broad, angular, the last
large ; straight at the sides, excavated behind the
columella ; aperture subtrigonal, anteriorly a little
acuminated ; columella thick, straight, outer lip
with a single chestnut band within.

I Ilab. Xortli America.

December, 187:i

Linuma PL I///.

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L T M N .E A,

Species 48. (Mus. Brit.)

LisiNiEA cuBENSis. Lim. iestd parvd, acuminatim ovatd,
tenui, corned ; spird longitudine mediocri, subpyra-
midatd, anfractibus purvis, rotundatis ; apei-turd
longitudine mediocri, columella redd, lahio externn
tenui.

The Cub.\n LimnjEA. Shell small, acuminately ovate,
thin, horny ; spire of middle length, siibpyramidal,
whorls few, rounded ; aperture of middle length,
columella straight, outer lip thin.

Pfeiffer ?

Hah. Lsl. of Cuba.

This shell seems so distinct from other forms that
it is here published, although the search for authority
has been unsuccessful.

Species 49. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

LiMN'.EA NAVicuLA. Lim. testd ovatd, tenui, succined ;
spird hrevi, anfractilms diiobus pan-is, vUimo
magna, injiato ; apertvrd semiovatd, magnd,
columella tenui, tortud, labio externa tenui aijuali-
ter arcuatd.

The BOAT LiMN,EA. Shell ovate, thin, amber-coloured ;
spire short, whorls two, small, the last large,
inflated ; aperture semiovate, large, columella
thin, tortuous, outer lip thin, equally arched.

Valenciennes. Humboldt et Bonpland, vol. ii. p. 251.

Limncea novarium. Trist., MS. Mus. Cum.

Hah. New York.

Species 50. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Limna:a Javanica. Lim. testd ovato-acwniaatd, pallidc
vinosd, polita ; spird breviusculd. uttenuutd, acu-
minata, ultimd subconicd ; aperturd angustd, labio
interna tenui, columelld hrevi, tortud.

The Java LiMNJiA. Shell ovately acuminated, pale
vinous, polished; spire rather short, attenuated,
acuminated, the last ■ rather conical ; aperture
narrow, inner lip thin, columella short, tortuous.

MiCHAUD ? MS. in Cum. Col.

Hah. ?

Species 51. (Mus. Jeffreys.)

LiMK^jA Bl-1!N'Etti. LJni. l'\sti'i glohdsd, snlidi'i, epidtr-
mide stramiitr.'i iiidut'i : s/iini (jr, riysimd, depir. •'.•<('),
fere cclnl.'i, ultimn ajilnirtn iiia.riiiiu, inflate, post
coluinelhuii .iidiirracnto ; apirtiinl iJiliijiia, nwxiina,
antice ohliijiii' e.r/Minsd, cohimelld rectiuscuW). snh-
arcuatd.

Burnett's Limn.«)a. Shell globose, solid, covered with
a straw-coloured epidermis ; spire very short,
depressed, almost hidden, the last whorl very
large, inflated, a little excavated behind the colu-
mella ; aperture obli(]ue, very large, anteriorly
oblique, expanded, columella rather straight, a
little arched.

Aldei; .'

Hah. Great Britain.

Species 5-2. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMN.EA chalvb^a. Lim. testd parvd, tenui, suhpyra-
midatd, suhcceruled ; spird pyramidali, acuminata,
anfractibus tribus, subinfatis, ultimo magna ;
aperturd trigond, antice suhexpansd, columelld
crassiusculd, suharcuatd, labio externo postice prop!:
sutiiram tumido.

The Chalybeate Limn.te:a. .Shell small, thin, suli-
pyramidal, bluish; spire pyramidal, acuminated,
whorls three, subintlated, the last large ; aperture
trigonal, anteriorly a little expanded, columella
rather thick, a little arched, outer lip posteriorly
near the suture tumid.

(JouLD. Invertebrata of Massachusetts, p. 21G, f. 145.

Hab. Massachusetts, United States.

December, IS7'2.

LIMN.EA.— Plati; VIII.

Sp,

(Mus. Brit.)

LiMNvEA CAPERATA. Liw,. testd suhpyramidala, opacd,
fusco-corneti, leviter rugata ; spirit elevatd, acumi-
natij-i anfractibus quaternis, sithrohindis ; ajieiiurii
jiiillide rosea, brevi, columella leviter arcuatd.

Thk wi:inklei) Limn^a. Shell subpyramidal, opaque,
brown-horn coloured, slightly wrinkled ; spire
elevated, acuminated, whorls four, rather
i-ounded ; aperture pale rosy, short, columella
slightly arched.

Sav. Ilaldeman's Monograph, pi. I, f. 1.

Jjiitnimi apicina. Say.

Hah. Ohio.

Species 54. (Mus. Brit.)

Limn^a RiBEiiiENSls. Liiti. testa breviter ovata, pellu-
cidd, succined ; spird brevissimd, anfractibus
diiobus, ])a]-vis, ultimo anfractu magna, oblique
orafo : aperturd rnagnd, ovatd, cohimelld vi.v
plicatd.

The liiHKiaAN Limn^a. Shell shortly ovate, pellucid,
amber-coloured ; spire very short, whorls two,
small, last whorl large, obliquely ovate ; aperture
large, ovate, columella very slightly plaited.

Keibisch. ? MS. in Mus. Brit.

Hab. San Antonio.

Species 55. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMNiEA succiNE.aEFOEMis. Lim. testd tenuissimd, an-
gustd, p>/ra7}iidatd, pallide succined ; spird pro-
diictd, anfractibus duobus, ultimo anfractu elongato,
supra aperturam elevato ; aperturd pyriformi,
untice subtnincatd, columelld uniplicatd, tenui.

The succinea-shaped Limn.«;a. Shell very thin, narrow,
jiyramidal, pale amber ; spire produced, whorls
two, la.st whorl long, raised above the aperture ;
aperture pyriform, anteriorly rather truncated,
columella single-plaited, thin.

Shuttlewohth • ?

Hab. Switzerland.

LiiniKt/i 11 IX

A

Sowerby del ei lilii

LIMN M A.

Fig. liS, A.

A variety oi Limnaa piiujuis, which has been named
L. strigata on account of the streaks on the surface.
This arises in some specimens from partial disin-
teijration.

Fig. 29. /'.

A variety of X("(»(e'( dudvs, copied from tlie original
figure in Say's American Conchology.

Species 5(1. (Figs, o, b.)
LiMN-liA VIATOR. LiiH. tfstd pctrvd, cirnieri-suhviridi,
Icevigafd, semipellucidd, rectd, subvvatd ; spird
hreviusculA, anfractibus prope sutvrata angulatis,
latci-ibiis reclis ; ultimo anfractti ovatn-suhanfpihito,
nntki subtnincato, post columcl/ain siibr.rcardto :
rolumelld vix plicatd, i-ertiiisculd.
The thaveller Lim>m:a. Shell .small, greenish, horny,
smooth, semiijcllucid, straight, subovate ; spire
rather short, whorls angular near the suture, with
straight sides ; last whorl ovately subangular,
anteriorly subtruncate, a little excavated behind
the colmiiella ; columella hardly plicated, rather
straight.
D'OuniGNr. Voyage dans I'Amerique Meridionale.
Limncea umbilicata. Adams .'
Ilah. Patagonia.

\'ery hollow, almost umbiliuated behind the colu-
mella.

Species 57. (Fig. a, Mus. Brit.)
(Fig. J, Z. snmnea, var. PI. IV.)

mijiellucidij,
,.,u-^^,^,„j^, o...;,.voy^,..,-, /Killidi.isiini
cornea ; spird a;imiiiaid, elevatd, anj'ractibus
tribus, angustis ; anfractu ultimo ovato ; apertwd

LiMX.EA HIAXS. Lilll. tCStd tCIll

politd, orato-oblongd, nub/ufi/o

aitrifoi-ini , plied colvvulldii torttid, lahio exlirno
plus minusve expauso.
The GAiMNG LIMN.EA. Shell thin, semipellucid, polished,
ovate-oblong, subfusiform, pale horny ; spire acu-
minated, elevated, whorls three, narrow ; last
whorl ovate ; aperture auriform, columellar fold
tortuous, outer lip more or less e.xpanded.

SOWEIIHY.

Hab. Malabar.

Species oS. (Mus. Brit.)

Lt.MX.EA PYHAMIDATA, Sowcrby. Wrongly figured and
described as L. emarginatd of Say. pi. vi. f. iJS.

Species 59. (Fig.s. r;, i, t.)

LiMX.EA ovALis. Lim. testd breviler unild, inflatu,
ir<:tiii!!Cidd, po/itisKiiiid, fusco-corned rel rinosd,
iwnnunqitam strigatd, ajjerturd patlidi' rorucd rid
castaned ; spird brcvi, cmiicd, acumiimtd ; an-
fi-actu ultimo siibcylindricu, post mlumellaw exrii-
vato ; aperturd magnd, antice subtruncotd,
columelld valid!- uniplicatd, brevi, ieviter urniatd.

The OVAL Limx^a. Shell shortly ovate, inflated,
rather straight, very polished, horny-brown or
vinous, sometimes striped within, aperture pale
horn or chestnut; spire short, conical, acuminated;
last whorl subcylindrical, excavated behind the
columella ; aperture large, rather truncated in
front, columella strongly plicated, short, slightly
arched.

SowEKBV. Genera of Shells.

Liinncea Bulla, Benson.

Limncea variabilis, Benson.

Limncea subatulo, Trdschel.

Liiiriuea Lessoni, Deshayes.

Limncea cerasum, Truschel.

Hab. India.

December, 1872.

LBIN.EA.— Plate IX.

Species CO. (Mus. Brit.)

:jE.\ sc.\LAi:is. Lim. testa eleganter fusiformi, fusco-
rubescentt, obliqua, Icevigatd ; spird elevatd, at-
tenuata, anfractihus Uihus, obb'quis, distinctis,
rotundis, apice acuminato ; ultimo anfractu inflato,
obligue ovato ; aperturn magna, antice productd,
lata, coluniellA rectiusadd, plied elevatd, valida ;
labia exteiiio e.ipanso.

LAWiEi; LiMN^A. .Shell elegantly t'usiform, reddish
hrown, obli(iue, smooth ; s])ire elevated, at-
teiuiati'd, whorls three, oblique, distinct, rounded,
apex acuminated ; last whorl inflated obliquely
ovate, aperture large, anteriorly produced, broad,
i-ohimella rather straight, plait elevated, strong;
outer lip expanded.

\vx ? MS. in Brit. Mus.

. Carlsrusche.

what expanded mouth, and the upper whorls
rounded and distinct.

The body-whorl is

in proportion to the

Species Gl. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

LisiN^A ELLIPTICA. Lim. testi'i parvd, ovatd, nbscure
mccined, semipellucidd, IcBvigatd, obliqud ; spird
brevi, an/ractibus tribus, ultimo supra aperturain
elevato, tumido, aperturd obliqve oratd, colwnelld
tenui, arcuatd, plied angustd.

The elliptic Limn^ea. Shell small, ovate, dull amber-
coloured, semi-pellucid, smooth, oblique ; spire
short, whorls three, the last elevated above the
aperture ; aperture obhquely ovate, columella
thin, arched, plait narrow.

Lea. Ann. Acad. Nat. Sci. ?

Hab. Madison Lake, Michigan.

A pretty little obliquely ovate amber-coloured

species.

1

Liinme/i FIX

Wj

Sowciby deleLlilii

Vkncr-nt BTOolisDayXGoulmp

L I M N .E A.

(Fig. -.iG. l>.)
LiMX.EA roLUMELi.A, .S'«//. Svu. L. Cdiirrtnta, Leu.
Snerios;;0. "(PI. VI.,

Species \?t.

Ll-MN.EA MACIiOSTOMA. l.C'Il. //a4. Ulli

Figured erroneotisly :is L'uiuurn roluii.

Spec

(Mas. Brit.)

'V/a/r?.

W(l!?tJ, solidd, Jliividr
/o)iiiifii(li)ialitcr linitd
tt'iniitcr Mriatd ; sjiinl

,i:tci

iiii. testd pyr&i
o,.<:U,„e,;. di.<

, inter llras I

cferiitd, aiifnictiliiix i/xnhrnis,
(itleniiatis, convexiusculi.% aperfurd mbtriijond,
subtmraniid ; columella alba, plied rolumellavi
erassd, lata.
The intei!STKI.\ted Limn.ea. Shell pyramiila!, acumi-
nated, solid, yellowish chestnut; distantly slightly
longitudinally ridged, finely striated, longitudi-
nally striated ; spire elevated, whorls four, attenu-
ated, rather convex ; aperture sulitrigonal, slightly
orange ; cohunella white, columella ftild thick.
broad.

Bab. CaliCor
Tliis speci,
known.

i appears very distinct from any hitherto

Species G3. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

LiJiNiA siAMENSis. Lim. tistd ovatd, ob::-<d, Iwrigatd,
tenuiter ruh-o-lineatd ; spird breviii.tciild, canted,
ricii/iiinatd, anfractibus tribus, parcis. p<mlo eon-
ve.ri.'i : ujierturd pyrifornii, antiei- rotiuxld, phrd
eoliimcllari validd, ad medium elevatd, airuatd.

The Siam Limx i:a. Shell ovate. ..I.e^e. smo,,th. Hnely
red-iineil ; s]iire r;itlier short, conical, acumiiiated ;
whorls three, small, a little convex; :iperture
pyriforni, rounded anteriorly, columell:ir I'nld
strong, rai.sed to the middle, arched.

SoWEIIBV.

Unb. Siam.

Eesembling Limn.-ca pinguis, l)ui
roildish Hues.

Species (;4. (Fig. a, b, Miis. Bcnsoi

Ll.MNJEA AMYCDAI.US. Li?ii . tr.ofd obloiii/o-or
mafjnd, pallide cornea, in. iiperturd )i
aitrantid : ."pird hrevi, (iiifpintd. ncunii
Jractutilliinn iHiriritbir! : ,iji, rhir.} aiiipid
plied ivli'inelliiii tleratd, reiroiynn tort;
externa .■oiprii medium siiiiKinini jiroiliictu.

The almond Limn.ka. Shell oblong-ovate, i
horn-coloured, very pale orange in th
spire short, narrow, acuminated ; last w
shaped ; aperture wide, long ; colui]i
raised, twisted backward, outer lip sinu<
duced above the middle.

TiiiisciiEL. Weigman's Archiv., 18^7, vol. iii

Ifnb. Bengal, the Ganges, &c.

The last whorl not so much slopi.'cl as ii

nifescens.

Species C5. (Mus. Brit.)

Ll5t.N/EA CHI.AMYS. Lim. tcstd 7iuu/nd, ventrtcosd, sub-
fimfonni, jxdlide fiilvd, subrugosd ; spird bn ri-
itsculd, aiigusfd, acnmijiatd, anfractibiin pmiU,
convexis ; anfrartu ultimo injlato ; aperfuni vuKjmi.
auriformi ; labio iuterno ventricoso, plied cohnui lliii\
tortuosd, >t(l iiii'il/iiia elerald, labio exterim ,'</iiali/< i
arcuato.

The cloak Limn^ea. Shell large, ventricose, subfusi-
form, pale fawn, rather rugose ; spire rather short,

LIMN.EA.— Plate X.

narrow, acuminated ; whorls a little convex, last
whorl inflated ; aperture large, auriform ; inner
lip ventricose, columellar fold tortuous, raised to
the middle, outer lip equally arched.

Bknson. Journ. Asi. Soc. Bengal, 183G, vol. v. p. 744.

Ilab. Moradabad, Benares, Ac.

Much stouter and more ventricose than Limno'a
mfescens, with the last whorl broader in proportion to
spire.

Sjiecies 06. (Mus. Benson.)

LiMN--E.\ .4CUMIN.\T.\. Ziiu. testd obloiigd, veiitiicosd,
purpuieo-rubescenti, lenui, semipellucidd, Iceviijatd,
apird brevi, anr/ustd, anfvactihis attenuatis ; an-
frnctu ultimo superne urcbangulato, infrd, medium
iiijiato ; aperturd magnd, aiiiice rotundd, labia
columellari toi-tiio.

The acuminated Limn^a. Shell oblong, ventricose,
reddish purple, thin, semipellucid, smooth, spire
short, narrow, whorls attenuated ; last whorl
slightly angular above, inflated below the middle ;
aperture large, rounded anteriorly, columellar lip
tortuous.

Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert., vol. vi.

Bab. Near Hingola.

Species 67. (Mus. Brit.)

LIMK.EA Califokxica. Zim. testd tloityatd, pijravii-
datd, tenui, semipellucidd, pallide corned ; spird
clevatd, anfractibus qidnque ohlongis, moderate cmi-

rexis ; aperturd aurifurmi, hrcvi ; lahio iiilerno ad
medium uniplicato ; plied columellari antire retroi--
sim tortuosd.
The Calieorni.^n Limnjsa. Shell elongated, pyramidal,
thin, semipellucid, pale horn-coloured ; spire
elevated, whorls five, oblong, moderately convex ;
aperture ear-shaped, short ; inner lip single-plaited
in the middle ; columellar fold twisted backward.

SOWERIIV.

Ilab. California.

The form and calibre of this shell seem to differ
considerably from any known species.

Species 67*. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMX^A iN'UCLEUS. Llm. testd, solidiiisculd, rentricosd,
rectd,fumoso-coriied; spird productd, anfractibus
fjuatuor, svjbangnlatis ; ultimo anfractu subcylin-
drico, laio ; aperturd spiram longitudine aqyanti,
prope margirwn castaneo fasciatd; labia interno
crassiiisculo, subroseo ; plied columellari vaiidd,
tortud.

The NUCLEUS Limn.«;a. Shell rather solid, ventricose,
straight, smoky-horn-coloured ; spire produced,
whorls four, rather angular ; last whorl partly
cylindrical, broad ; aperture equalling the spire
in length, chestnut banded near the margin ; inner
lip rather thick, pinkish ; columellar lip strong,
tortuous.

Troschel. ? MS. in Mus. Brit.

Hab. Kiver Gancres.

LiriLfuea /V A7.

idKx

%

k

"^

^

;w*

L I M N /E A.

Speck's (18. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMN^SlA ELONGATA. Liiii. testd attmucitd, runied, spird
ehngatd, anfractibus ocio circcl, inib7'0tiindis, siib-
tnrritis, ultimo ovato, breviusciilo, apertiiru brevis-
simd, eolumelld valide piicatd.

The elongated Limn^\. Shell atteniiated, horn-
coloured, spire elongated, whorls about eight,
rather rounded, slightly turreted, the last ovate,
rather short, aperture very short, columella
strongly plicated.

Dkaparnaud. Mollus(iues, jil. 3, f. o-'), non Saj/.

Limncsa leucostoma, Lamarck.

Zimiicea octanfracia ■ ?

Limncea (/kiber, var., Jeffreys, &c.

Hub. Kurope.

The numerous whorls and lung tiuTcted form of
th's species may be considered sufficient to justify its
distinction from L. (jlaber.

surface
horn}'.

Species 69. (Mus. Brit.)

Limn.ea Japon-ica. Lim. testd omto-ventrii-osd, teiiui,
subnujosd, fulvd, spird brevissimd, anfractibus
paucis rotundis, apice obtuso, ultimo anfractu in-
Jiato ; aperturd uuriformi, expansd, pallidimme
aurantid, colmnelld medio valide piicatd, plied
tortuosd, rejiexd ; labia extir-no expanso, reflexo.

The Japanese limn^a. Shell ovate-veutricose, thin,
a little rough, fulvous, spire very short, whorls
few, rounded, apex obtuse, last whorls inflated ;
aperture ear-shaped, expanded, very pale orange ;
columella strongly plicated in the middle, fold
tortuous, reflected ; outer lip expanded, reflected.

SoWKunv.

Thih. Japan.

More ovate and with the body whorl proportionally
larger than the Britisli Limncea aiiricidaria. The

Species 70. (Mus. Ilauley.)

Li.mn.^a Nl'ttaliana. Lim. testd acuminatd, j'yami-
datd, corned, tcniiiter striatd ; hinc illic castaneo
lomjitudinuliter strigatd ; spird productd, at-
tenuatd, anfractibus qiiinque, declivis, siipernc
attenuaiis ; aperturd brevi, intus flacidd, castaneo
prope marginem intilsqne strigato ; labio externa
postice subangidato.

Nl'ttall's Limnjka. Shell acimiinated, pyramidal,
horny, finely striated ; here and there longitu-
dinally striped ; spire produced, attenuated,
wliorls five, sloped, attenuated above; aperture
short, yellovrish within, striped near the margin
and within with chestnut ; outer lip posteriorly
slightly angular.

Lea. Transactions of the Philosophical Society, vol. ix.
p. 9.

Ilab. Oregon.

Species 71. (Mus. Ilauley.)

Limncea Blauneri. Lim. testd subovatd, fusco-corned,
semipellucidd, loevigatd, subpyramidatd ; spird
obtusd, breviuscnld, anfractu penultimo oblonyo,
superne subangulato, ultimo postice subattenuaio ;
aperturd subquadratd, labia columellari retrorsim
obliquo, plied ci-assd, laid.

Blaunek's Limx^a. Shell subovate, horn-brown, semi-
pellucid, smooth, siibpyramidal ; spire obtuse,
rather sliort, penultimate whorl oblong, slightly
angular aljove the last posteriorly subattenuated :
aperture rather square, columellar lip sloped back-
wards obliquely, fold thick, broad.

Shuttlewohth. Kiister's Martini et Chemnitz Conch.
Cab.

Ilab. Switzerland.

December, 187

LBIN^A.— Plate XI.

Species 72. (Mus. Ilanley.)

Lnis^A EXiLis. Lim. siihfusiformi, angusta, elongatd,
fumoso-corned, substnatd ; spird elongatd, acu-
ininatd ; anfractihits qiiatnor aitenuatis ; anfractii
ultimo angiiste ovato, supra apcrturam elevato;
ajierturd brevi, angusta, lahio interna ad medium
unipUcato ; lahio externa prope inargimm castaneo
fasciato.

The narrow Limn^a. Shell rather fusiform, narrow,
elongated, smoky horn-coloured, slightly striated ;
spire elongated, acuminated ; whorls four, at-
tenuated ; last whorl narrowly ovate, raised above
the aperture; aperture short, narrow, inner lip
with a single plait in the middle ; outer lip banded
with chestnut near the margin.

Lea. Transactions of the Philosophical Society.

Limnma umbrosa, var., Haldeman.

Hub. Ohio.

This appears much too narrow and straight-sided
for L. umbrosa.

Species 73. (Mus. Hanley.)

L1MN.EA VENTRicuLARis. Lim. testd eleganter fusi-
formi, semipellucidd, corneo-rubescenti ; spird pro-
ductd, attenuatd, anfractibus quotum; attenuatis,
convexius(mlis, ultimo angustiusculo ; aperturd
elongatd, suhaurifomii ; columelld tortuosd, re-
ciirvd, labio exlemo posticH tumido, rotunda.

The ventricose Limnma. Shell elegantly fusiform,
semi-pellucid, reddish-horn coloured ; spire pro-
duced, attenuated, whorls four, attenuated, rather
i;onvex, the last rather narrow ; aperture elongated,
subauriform ; columella tortuous, recurved; outer
lip tumid posteriorly.

IvrsTER. Conchylien Cabinet, Martyn and Chemnitz.

Hidj. Isl. of Formosa.

A very distinct and elegant form.

Species. 74 (Mus. Hanley.)

Limnma Hookeri. Lim. testd subovatd, fused, rubes-
centi, subopacd ; spird longitudine mediocri, anfrac-
tibus angulatis, scalatis ; anfractu ultimo sub-
cylindraceo, brevi, post columellam excavato ; aper-
turd oblongd, antice subtruncatd ; labio inta-no re-
flexo, columelld validd, reflexd ; labio externa
postice rotundatim angulato, medio rectiusculu.

Hooker's Limn.sa. Shell subovate, brown, reddish,
rather opaque; spire of middle length, whorls
angular, in steps ; last whorl rather cylindrical,
short, excavated behind the columella ; aperture
oblong, anteriorly slightly truncated ; inner lip
reflected, columella strong, reflected ; outer lip
posteriorly roundly angular, rather straight in the
middle.

Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850, p. 49.

Hob. Thibetian Himalaya.

Species 75. (Mus. Hanley.)

Lisra.EA canalis. Lim. testd semi-globosd, patuld,
fused, pallide rubescenti, spiraliter et subdivari-
catini striata. ; spird brevissimd, anfractibus tribus,
parvis ; anfractu idtimo magna, lato ; aperturd
maximd, lahio externo posticH ad suturam elevato,
late expianso.

The canal LimnjEa. Shell semiglobose, patulous,
brown, pale reddish, spirally and rather divergently
striated ; spire very short, whorls three, small ;
last whorl large, broad ; aperture very large,
outer lip raised posteriorly at the suture, broadly
expanded.

DupuY. Jlollusques de la Prance.

Hah. France.

This species differs from our Limnwa auricularia
in the elevation of the expanded outer lip at the
suture.

•\

Lull HOC a P( XII.

^

u

b

VitK-ait. brooks CiyiSon, Imp

LIMN M A,

Species 7G. (Mus. ? Copied.)

LlMN.HA DELICATA. Liiii. ttftd sti,l>fii.'"'fonm, subpd-
lucidd, corned, pallide roseo-lacted, spirdliter sub-
fasciatd ; spird elevatd, suhscalatd ; anfractibus
(jiMtuor, couvexis, subangulatis, anfractu ultimo
breidusculo, post columellam excavato ; aperitird
subquadratd, postice suhamjulatd, columeUd toHiid,
subrecurvd.

The delicate Limx.e.\. Shell suM'asif'onn, siil.iiclliu'i(l,
horny, pale rose-milky, spindly slightly luindid,
spire elevated, slightly ladder-like ; whorls four,
convex, rather angular, last whorl rather sliort,
excavated behind the columella ; aperture siil>-
qiiadrate, posteriorly slightly angular; columella
tortuous, somewhat curved backwards.

Say. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Limnma Jilograna, Menke ?

Hob. N. America.

There is a delicacy about this shell, and a tendency

to cross-banding in the colouring, tliat ini]iresses the

eye with au appearance of distinctness from the n<>arest

species.

Species 77. (Fig. a, b, Mus. J5rit.)

L1MN.EA BULI.MOIDES. Lini. testa jiarvd, ovdto-.uihpi/ra-
midatd, pallide corned, semipellucidd ; spird apcr-
turam longitudine aiquanti, anfractibus ttibus,
penvltimo suhinjlato ; apertwd pyriformi ; colu-
meUd tenui, rectiilsculd.

The liULi.Mi's-LiKE LiMN^EA. Shell small, ovately sub-
pyramidal, pale horn, semipellucid ; spire equal-
ling the aperture in length, whorls three, the last
but one rather inflated; ai)erture pyriform ;
columella thin, rather straight.

Lea. Kiister's Conchylien Cabinet.

Hub. N. America.

Species 78. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
LlMN^A HU.\IILIS. Lim. testd pared, />i/rijhrmi, pal
dissimi corned, poslici' fulvesciiili ; spini aprrtiin

longitudin, a./iia,,/;. aniwinald. a„/nivliJi,i.^ tiihiis
rotundis: aiijrarl,, ullii,,,, /»-.</ cohnm llam iimhili-
cato ; apertiird pared, uratd ; roliiiiiflld rr<-tiii.<ciild.
lahio externa ce(/ua/iter arcuato.

The lowly Li.mn.ka. Shell small, pyrilovni, vrry pair
horn, posteriorly brownish ; spire ecpialling the
aperture in length, acuminated, whorls three,
rounded ; last whorl uinbilicated behind the
coluiuella ; aperture small, ovate; columella
rather straight, outer lip equally arched.

Say. Haldeman's Monograph.';, pi. 4.

LimncPM parra. Lea.

Hub. New York.

The body wliorl is shorter and more ventricosu in

proportion to the spire than in Limncea innbilicata,

and the whorl is more acuminated.

Sjiecies 7'J. (Mus. ? Copitd.)

Lijix.Ea E.\I>.\.N'sa. Li/n. tc.ttd suhfusifonni, pallidi
corned, subinjlatd; spird elevatd, anjractihiif quimjiif,
oblongo - injlatis, ])enultimo ventricosa ; anfnirtii
ultimo orato, siiprd, aperturam elevato, tiii/iidiii.vciilu;
aperturd auriformi, laid, infra atifractinit ultiiiium
anticii productd, columdld tortud, rectirrd ; labia
externo tenui, raldi expanso ; plied ralimuilai-i
crassd, va/iild.
The E.XPANDED Li.mnjsa. Shell subfusiform, pale horn,
subinflated ; spire elevated, whorls five, oblong-
inflated, the i)enultimate ventricose ; last whorl
ovate, raised above the aperture, rather tumid ;
aperture auriform, wide, produced in front below
the last -ivhorl, columella tortuous, recurved ;
outer lip thin, much expanded; columellar fold
thick, strong.
Haldeman. Monograph of Freshwater Shells of Xortli

America.
Hab. North America.

The two specimens figured in Haldeman's Monograph
differ somewhat in proportions, but .-igree inthe expanded
aperture and the backward curve of tlie anterior part.

LIMN.'EA.— ruATE XII.

Species 80. (Mus. ? Copied.)

LiMN^A KERRUGINEA. Litii. festd purvd, utriiique acumi-
nata, corneo-ferntgined; apira elongata, pyramidata,
acuminata., anfractibus trtbus, convexiiisculis ; an-
fractu ultimo angiistiiisculo ; apcrturd parvd, semi-
ovatd, aiitice aeuminatd ; plica columellari in medio
labii ititerni positd, prominenti, tortud, subrecurvd.

The kerruginous Limn^.\. Shell small, acuminated at
both ends, horny-ferruginous ; spire elongated,
pyramidal, acuminated, whorls three, rather
convex, last whorl rather narrow ; aperture
small, anteriorly acuminated ; columeUar fold
placed in the middle of the inner lip, prominent,
tortuous, rather recurved.

IIaldeman. Monograph of the Freshwater Shells of
North America.

Hab. N. America.

A very small shell, somewhat pointed at both ends.

Species 81. (jMus. ? Copied.)

Li.MN.EA PALLIDA. Lun. tcstd pyrajiiidatd, jtallide fulvd,
teiuii ; spird apertwam lotigitudine paulci superanti,
pi/ramidatd,anfraciibi(S tribus, lateribus rectiusculis ;
anfractu ultimo antici rotundatim angulato ; apev-
turd mbtrigond, aniice latiiisculd, plied coluviellari
validd, elevatd, subiortiiosd.

The pale Limn.ea. Shell pyramidal, pale fulvous,
thin ; spire slightly exceeding aperture in length,
jiyramidal, whorls three, with rather straight
sides ; last wliorl anteriorly roundly angular ;
aperture somewhat trigonal, anteriorly rather wide,
columeUar fold strong, elevated, rather tortuous.

Adams. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. iii.

p. ;;24.

J/ali. Lakf ( 'hamplain.

Species 82. (Mus. Brit.)
I.iMN.KA PiiiLADELPHiCA. Lim. tcstd subfusiformi, ttntice
hit'' expansd ; spird producid, aeuminatd, anfrac-
libiift ti-iliiis, convexiiisculis ; anfractu ultimo brcvi-
usctilo, coi-neo, filis alhis tenuibus strigato, aperturd
■subrosed, alijbrmi, late expansd ; columelld crassd,
plied columellari elevatd, laid, mbcomjAanatd.

The Philadelphia Limn.ea. Shell subfusiforra, an-
teriorly widely expanded ; spire produced, acumi-
nated, whorls three, rather convex; last whorl
rather short, horny, striped with fine white
threads ; aperture a little pinky, wing-shaped,
widely expanded ; columella thick, columellar
plait raised, broad, rather flat.

Lea. Proceedings of the American Philosophical So-
ciety, p. 32.

LimncBa glabrata ? Haldeman.

Hab. New York.

Species 83. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMN^A .modicella. Lim. testd subfusiformi, aeuminatd,
rectiusculd, fusco-corned, spird aperturam longitu-
dine ccquanti, anfractibus quatuor, convexis, suturd
dii>tinctd ; anfractu ultimo breviHsculo, roiundato ;
apcrturd subovatd, plied columellari prominenti,
crassd, brevi, subtortuosd.

The mean Limnjea. Shell rather fusiform, acuminated,
rather straight, horny-brown, spire equalling the
aperture in length ; whorls four, convex, suture
distinct, last whorl rather short, rounded ; aper-
ture nearly oval, columellar fold prominent, thick,
short, rather tortuous.

Sav. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. v. p. 122.

Hub. Maine, United States.

Species 84. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMNiEA globosa. Lim. testd inflatd, subglobosd, Icevi-
gatd, semipellucidd, corneo-rubescenti ; spird parvd,
anfractibus duobus aut tribus minutis, apice acumi-
nato ; ultimo anfractu magno, rotunda ; aperturd
auriformi, magnd, antice latissimd, plica columd-
lari validd, subspirali, elecatd, tortuosd, recurvd.

The globose Limn^a. Shell subglobose, inflated,
smooth, semipellucid, reddish horny ; spire small,
whorls two or three, minute, apex acuminated ;
last whorl large, rounded ; aperture auriform,
large ; very wide anteriorly ; columellar plait
strong, subspiral, elevated, tortuous, recurved.

SoWERBV.

JIah. Australia.

LiiiiiLcca ri XITI.

^

4 d

^

4

♦ ^

4

Vnicait- Brooks liaj-iSui

L I M N M A,

Fig. ;52. r.

LiMX^A ATTEN'UATA, S'ai/. In Ilaldoman's Jfonograph.
(Figures o'2, a, h, are erroneously named Limn'.ea

UEFLEX.l

PI. v., and bell

species.)

Species 85. (Fig. a, h, IMus. Ilanlcy.)

LimXjEA GlXfilVATA. Li7ii. /(!.*} 2)iirrd, ntriiique acu-
minatd, suhfusiformi, pitUiile earned ; spirit conicd,
acuminatA, apice ntbro, anfractibus quntuor, lateri-
hus rectiusculis ; anfractu vltimo gnhci/lindriK-io ;
apertuvA angustd, man/inibiis albis, eobtmiild
leviter uniplicatd, rectiuscitlA.

The gum Limn.ea. Shell small, acuminated at both
ends, rather fusiform, pale horn ; spire conical,
acuminated, apes red, whorls four, with rather
straight sides ; last whorl somewhat cylindrical ;
aperture narrow, with white margins, coluniell.i
with a single slight fold, rather straight.

GoorrL. Mollusques de la Sarthe.

LiimuTa glabra, var., Dupuy.

llah. France.

Species 86. (Fig. a, b, ilus. llanloy.)

LniN^A GiLBiLMANlcus. Liiii. testd .vibronicu, soli-
diusculd, mfo-fulvA, luteo pallide fasciatd ; sirirA
brevi, conicd, an/rnctibus tribus, lateiibus rectiiis-
culis ; anfractu ultimo maijtio, subconico, anticc
latiitsculo ; aperturd pyriformi, stibroscA, columellA
solidd, plicA cobimi'lliiri suprA ijudiuiii elerafd,
leviter tortuosd.

The Gilbilman Limn^a. Shell rather conical, rather
solid, reddish brown, banded with pale yellow ;
spire short, conical, whorls three, with rather
straight side.^; last whorl large, rather conical, a
little widened in front ; aperture pyriforni, a little

rosy; columella solid, colli
the middle, slightly tortuo

Casta. In Benoit.

Hab. Sicily.

(Mas

fold raised above

'■)■■)

rjlMN-.1!A FLAVA. L

'm. testd

•onii

d, acumiiK

./'', ,/

■i,ln,

s/iird breviii.^ct

Id, anfr

ictib

,s qninqu

• V'"'/'"'

lateribus recli-i.

apirr .„■

diss

Itin : ,t„ih

rtu

dll.,1

rec/iiisrtilo, ant

tv U>li,>,

pcrtard Jl

wiild

sill

trigonA.

The yellow Llmn

.EA. Shell

conical, acumi

latet

brown; spire .

ather short.

vhorls five

, stei

-lilo

with straight s

des, apex ve

•y sharp :

last

who

rather straight,

wider in

ront; apertur

• yellowisl

subtrigonal.

M„KELET. ?

Hab. ?

Species 88. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Hanley. )

LlMS^A SOLIDA. Lim. testd brevi, robiistd, subonitd,
fiih-A; spirA breviuscnld, aHfraelibusbrevibiis sub-
rolundis ; ultimo anfractu brevi, ventricoso, post
colmncllam sxthexceivato ; apertnra subovatd, riiar-
gine carneolo, columellA rectiiisculA, solidd. ,

The SOLID LuiXiEA. Shellshort, robust, subovatc,fulvons;
spire rather short, whorls short, rather rounded :
last whorl short, ventricose, a little excavated
behind the columella; aperture rather ovate,
margin pinky, columella rather straight, solid.

Haldemax. Monograph of Freshwater Shells of United

Hub. X. America.

One of
delicate ':

original figures in I la
colour, as shown in <

?man s pi;;
■ back tis:i

December, 1872.

LIMN.^A.— Plate XIII.

Species 89. (Mus. ? Copied.)

LiMN.aEA VIRIDIS. Liiii. tcstd subdiaplumd, snhviridi,
coi-ned, fusifoiini ; spird proiluctd, attenuatd, acu-
minata ; anfractibus anfjustis, ohliqnis ; ultimo
anfractu hreviusculo, ovato ; apcrturd semiovatd,
columella crassd, rediusculd.

Thk green LimNjEa. Shell partly diaphanous, greenish,
horny, fusiform, spire produced, attenuated, acu-
minated, whorls narrow, oblique ; last whorl
rather short, ovate; aperture semiovate, rather
acuminated in front, columella thick, rather
straight.

QuoY. Voyage de I'Astrolabe. vol. ii. p. 204, pi. 58,
f. 16-18.

/{ah. Isl. of Guam.

1 have not been abie to identify this with any

.specimens in the collections.

Species ',)li. (Mus. Ilanley.)
LniN.EA OuAHENSLS. Lim. testd parvd, oblique sub-
pyramidatd, fused, rubescenti, translucidd; spird
aperturam longitiidine fere cequanti, anfractibus
ij-ibus, penidtimo et ultimo oblongis, ultimo ovato,
supra aperturam elevate ; aperturd parvd, sultri-
gond ; plied cobtmellari brevi, vix tortud.

The Ouah Limx.ea. Shell small, obliquely subpyra-
midal, reddish brown, translucid ; spire nearly
ecjuai to aperture in length, whorls three, the
penultimate and ultimate oblong, the last ovate,
raised above the aperture ; aperture small, sub-
trigonal, columellar plait short, scarcely tortuous.

Souleyet. Voyage de la Bonite.

Ilab. Sandwich Inlands ?

Species 01. (Mus. Hanley.)

LuiN.EA TiT.KicuLA. LiiH. testd subviridi, obtongo-
pi/ramidati'i, striatd, rectiiisculd, spird aperturam
longitudine superanti, anfractibus quatuor, elevatis,
apicalibus castaneis ; aperturd ]}arvd, semiovatd,
prcpb marginem castaneo unifasciatd ; plied colu-
mellari brevi.

The little-tower Limn^a. Shell greenish, oblong-
pyramidal, striated, rather straight spire exceed-
ing aperture in length, whorls four, elevated, the
apical ones chestnut ; aperture small, semiovate,
with a single chestnut band near the margin ;
columellar fold short.

KiJSTER. In Martini et Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet.

Hab. ?

Lfmiuai ri XIV.

^.

^

wy

VuicKPil, Brooks Cay .i Son, Imp

L I M N M A.

XIV.

Species 92. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

LiM.WEA Persica. Liin. testa parvd, rectiuscnla, solidd,
corned ; spird productd, anfractibus liibiis, pro-
minentibus, gradatis ; ultimo anfractu brevi, antke
ti-uncato, post columellam tcmbilicato, lateribus rec-
tiusculis ; aperturd pat-vd, angustd, columelld rec-
tiusculd, late rejlexo.

The Persi.\n Limn^.\. Shell small, rather straight,
solid, horny, spire produced, whorls three, promi-
nent, in steps ; last whorl short, anteriorly trun-
cated, unibilicated behind the columella, sides
rather short; aperture small, narrow, columella
rather straight, broadly expanded.

P.^RREYS. .

Hab. Schiraz, Persia.

Species 93. (Mus. Hanley.)

LiMN.^.l Attica. Lim. testa ovat'i, ventricosd, snb-
vin'di; pellucidd; spird castaned, brevi, anfrac-
tibus tribiis, parvis ; nltimo anfractu inflato, ovato,
moderate obliquo ; aperturd obliqud, antice lata,
columelld prominente uniplicatd, plica tortud.

The Attic Limn^ea. Shell ovate, ventricose, gi-eenish,
pellucid ; spire chestnut, short, whorls three, small;
last whorl inflated, ovate, moderately oblique ;
aperture oblique, wide in front, columella pro-
minently single-plaited, plait tortuous.

KiTSTER. Martini et Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet.

Hab. Greece.

, Species 94. (Mus. Ilanley.)

Lni.N'.KA viTR.EA. Lim. testa subfasiforuii, seiaipel-
lucidd, piallide corned, ventricosd ; spird productd,
anfractibus prominenlibus, subangulatis ; vltimo
anfractu h'eviusculo, angulato ; ajiei-turd oblongd,
spiram longitvdine supcranti, antice lata ; columelld
lata, cj-assiilsculd.

The glassy Limn^a. Shell subfusiform, semipellucid,
pale horny, ventricose ; spire produced, whorls
prominent, rather angular ; last whorl rather short,
angular ; aperture oblong, exceeding the spire
in length, broad anteriorly ; columella broad,
rather thick.

IIaldemax. Monograjih of Freshwater Shells of
United States.

Hab. Wisconsin.

?pec

95.

a, b, Mus. Cv

ig in P.rit.)

n-s,ih,,Hrpim

Liirs'.TSA Deshavesii. Lim. testd i

vciitricosissimd, tcnui ; spird prvilmti), aiiuiiniatu,
anfractibus quinqiie, attenuatis ; ulliiim aifrartu.
ventricosissimo, antice lata, postice prope suturam
tumido, et pallide putpureo, labio interna jmrpureo-
castaneo ; aperturd pyriformi, postice suhangulatd,
antice lata, subtruncatd , columelld validc arcuatd.

Deshayes's Limn^a. Shell horny-purplish, very ven-
tricose, thin, broad anteriorly, tumid posteriorly
near the suture and pale purple ; inner lip purple
chestnut; aperture pyriform, posteriorly rather
angular, broad anteriorly, subtruncated, columelhi
strongly ai-ched.

Adajis. Proc. Zool. Soc. ?

Hab. Australia.

Species 9u. (Mus. Ilanley.)

LlMN^A TENER. Lim. testd clcganter subfusiform i.
pallide corned, translucidd ; spird productd, acu-
minatd, anfractibus tribus, apicalib-us parvis, con-
iv.ris ; ultimo anfractu inflato, brevi ; aperttird
latd, fused, postice prwninenti antice latissimd,
plied columellari ehvatd, solidd, rectiusculd.

The thin Limnj3a. Shell elegantly subfusiform, pale
horny, translucid ; si>ire produced, acuminated,
whorls three, the apical ones small, convex ; last

December, 1872.

LLMN/EA.— Plate XIV,

whorl inflated, short ; aperture broad, brown,
I»sieriorly prominent, anteriorly very broad,
columellar fold elevated, solid, rather straight.

Parrevs. ?

Hah. Hungary.

Species 97. (Mus. Brit.)

Limn.i:a soteria. Lim. testa oblique suhovat'i, pnllidc
corne/i, angustd, semipellucida ; spird syhpyta-
midatd, aperturam longitudine fere ceqiianti ; an-
fractu ultimo laleraliter mbcompresso ; apeiiurd
suhpyrifiyrmi, antice suhtruncatd ; plica columellari
elevatd, latd, crassd.

The votive Limn^ea. Shell obliquely snbovato, pale
horny, narrow, semipellucid ; spire subpyraniidal,
almost equalling the aperture in length ; last
whorl laterally rather compressed ; aperture sub-
pyriform, anteriorly subtruncated ; columellar
fold elevated, broad, thick.

PARREV.S. Nilla Cat., 1841, p. 32.

J/ah. Bannat.

Species 98. (Mus. Hanley.)

Ll.MN«A PiXGELII. Lilil. I^Std i !iuir/ilt,), pa/h\l,' rnnied,
him- illic mstamo /i,n „tiw Jasr,:,!.;, spir,} c/.nitd,
aperturam. longiiiidiin .^iiji, raiiti ; <iiifractilins ipiiit-
fjue convexis ; ultimo anfractii ovato ; aperturd hre-
viizsculd, semiovatd ; plied columellari rectiiisculd.

Pingel's LiJiN.a;A. Shell elongated, pale horny, here
and there linearly banded with chestnut, spire
elevated, exceeding the aperture in length ; whorls
five, convex ; last whorl ovate ; aperture rather
short, semiovate ; columellar plait rather short.

Beck. MS.

Ifah. Scandinavia.

This shel
Beck.

lay possibly be a variety of Z. Vahlii,

Species 99. (Mus. Brit.)

LIMN.ZEA PELLiGEK. Lim. testd ovato-subconicd, solidd,
opacd, pallide castaned ; spird breviusculd, obtusd,
anfraclibus p)a'ucis ; anfractu ultimo supra aper-
turam elevato, ad suturam tumido, antice lato, post
columellam excavato ; aperturd aureo-latiscenti,
pi/riformi, antice latd.

The co.\ted LimNjEA. Shell ovately-subconical, solid,
opake, pale chestnut ; spire rather short, obtuse,
whoi-ls few ; last whorl raised above the aperture,
tumid at the suture, broad in front, excavated
behind the cohuuella ; aperture yellowish golden,
pyriform, broad in front.

SnUTTLEWORTH. ? MS.

Hab. Switzerland.

Species 100. (Mus. Brit.)

LimNjEa Barbadensis. Lim. testd subpyriformi, obli-
qud, corneo-rubescenti, opacd ; spird brcBiusculd,
anfractibus tribus rotundis, ultimo anfractu ovato,
veiitricoso, aperturd oblique expansd, jirope mar-
ginem castaneo fasciatd, margine albo ; plied colu-
mellari alhd, tortud.

The Barbadoes Limn.s:a. Shell pyriform, oblique,
reddish horny, opake ; sjiire very short, whorls
three, round; last whorl ovate, veutricose, aperture
obUquely expanded, banded with chestnut near
the margin ; margin white ; columellar fold wliitc,
tortuous.

Beck. ? ]MS. in Brit. Mus.

Hah. Barbadoes.

s 4

% #

Ljiiiiucd J '/.XT.

t)

Soweriy del el hli

Brooks Div S Sou.bnp

L I IVr N M A,

Fig. IS, r.
LiMN^A riNGUls, var. Vide TMatcs III.

Fig.

LlMN^E-V REFLF.XA, Sal/.

Plate V. must be i
Say, Plate XIII.

The two previous figures in
'ferred U> Li.\in.k.\ .vttenuat.^,

LiMN.SA EMARGINATA, Sal/.

Sec Plate VII.

Original figure copied.

101. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit. J

Lisi.N-EA Dalmatica. Lii/i. tt'std parvi'i, pallidc covnea,
subrotiinda, latd, spini bren'ssima, aiifractibus
tluobvs, pai'vis, anfractii uUimo subgloboso, brevi,
aperturu magnd, labia cjhimcllari rectiusrv.lo, labia
externa expanso.

The Dalmatia Limx-ea. Shell small, pale horny,
ratlier rounded, broad, spire very short, whorls
two, small, last whorl rather globose, short, aper-
ture large, columellar Up expanded.

/r<(h. Dalmatia.

Species lU2. (Fig. a. b, Mus. lirit. )

LlMX-EA Sakderi. Lim. testa ranird, pallidi' fulvd,
Ifevigatd, opacd ; spird aperturam lotujiiudine
ipqiiaitti, anfractibus tribus, wnvexiusmlis ; nltiino
(iii/hictu inflnta, brevi ; aperturd semioraid, intas
pidlidr aured ; cohunelld vi.r arvuatd.

Sandkks' Limk.ka. Shell conical, pale fulvous,
opake ; sjiire equalling aperture in
whorls three, ratiier conve.x ; last whorl
short ; aperture semiovate, pale golden
columella very little arched.

P.MntEVs .' MS.

//.//,. Hahnatia.

smooth,
length :
inll.-iled,
within ;

specie

(Fig. a, b.)

Li.mn.Ba Bai.thica. Lim. textd, pared, ovato-suhi/tobasd,
stibviridi-corned, semipellucidd ; spird brevissimd ,
anfractibus diiabus avt tribus subrotundis ; ulii?no
anfractu breviter ovato ; aperturd. semiovatd, antirc
latiuscu/d.

The Baltic Lnix.KA. Shell small, ovately subglobose,
greenish horn, semipellucid ; spire very short,
whorls two or three, rather rounded ; last whorl
briefly ovate ; aperture semiovate, anterioi'ly
rather wide.

NiLLSON ?

Hab. The Baltic Sea.

Species 104. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Hanley.)

LimNjEa luteola. Lim. testd ventricosd, recta, pallid!'
corned, tenui ; spird conicd, breviiisculd. anfracti-
bus paucis, declivis ; anfractu uhima i^flnto, hhiiihu.
antice latiiisculo ; cohunelld validi' uniiilirnti'i. pliru
albd, rectiuscvld.

The yellowish Limn^a. Shell ventricose, straight,
pale horn, thin ; spire conical, rather short,
whorls few, sloped ; last whorl inflated, large,
rather broad anteriorly ; columella with a strong
fold ; fold white, rather straight.

Lamarck. Animaux .sans Vertebres, vol. vi. p. 16(i,

Hab. Bengal.

December, 1872.

LLMN^A.— Plate XV.

Species 105. (Mus. Brit.)

LiMN.EA lUiEviCAUPA. Lim. testa oblique tartud, pallide
corned, ventricosd ; spird brevi, acuminata ; anfrac-
tibus tribus, parvis ; ultimo anfractu valde injiato,
breviusculo, post columellam excavato ; aperturd
expansd, antice suhacuminatd ; plied cohimellari
])rominenti, spiraliter twtuosd.

The shout-tailed Limn^a. Shell obliquely tortuous,
pale horn, ventricose ; spire short, acuminated;
whorls three, small ; last whorl much inflated,
rather short, excavated behind the columella,
aperture expanded, anteriorly subacuminated ;
columellar fold prominent, spirally tortuous.

SowEHBY. (Adopted from MSS.)

Hah. Australia.

Species IOC. (Fig. «, h, Mus. Hanley.)

LiMN^A spij;uLATA. Lim. testd subfusiformi, translu-
cidd, politissimd ; spird productd, anfractibus
paucis, distinctis, convexiiisculis ; ultimo anfractu
oblongo-ovato ; aperturd oblongd, plica columellari
rectihsculd hand j)rominenti.

The coiled Llmn.«:a. Shell subfusiform, translucid,
very smooth ; spire produced, whorls few, distinct,
rather convex ; last whorl oblong-ovate ; aperture
oblong, columellar fold rather straight, not pro-
minent.

MoussON. Journal de Conchyliologie.

Hah. Australia.

Species 107. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Hanley.)

Llmn^a galbana. Lim. testd parvd, pallide corned,
rectiiisculd, brevi, spird apertitram longitudine
wquanti, anfractibus tribus, gradatis ; ultimo an-
fr'actu brevi, subcylindrico, antice subtruncato ;
aperturd parvd; jylicd columellari tenui, incon-
sjiicud.

The bright Limn.ea. Shell small, pale horny, rather
straight, sliort ; spire equalling aperture in length,
whorls three, in steps ; last whorl short, subcylin-
dric^il, anteriorly truncated; aperture small, colu-
mellar fold thin, inconspicuous.

Say. Haldeman's Monograph of Freshwater Shells of
the United States.

Ilab. New Jersey.

L I M N .^ A.

Plntp. Sprcies.

acicula, A'oA/c/ IV. 21

acuminata, Zaman/i- X. Ci!

acnta, Jeffreys 11. !•">

affiuis, AfX- V. ;.!I

Angasi, Smverbi/ II. 12

amygdalus, Tryi.-c//' / X. 01

axigulixta., Sowerhij VII. 47

appressa, ^ay HI. -"

attermata, <Say XIII. | „.;

(as emarginala erroneously ) . . V. J

attica, Kiister XIV. ',);!

(ircwfana, Linnseus I. 1

auricularia, i)j'a/3nn«a!((^ I, II. 1

Balthica, iV^i«so« XV. 1(13

Buruetti, 4W«r VIII. T)!

Barbadenses, 7>Vd' XIV. 100

Blauneri, 5/H(«/(TO)r/A XL 71

brevicauda, .S'owcr/);/ XV. 10,')

bulimoides, /I'l/sif?' XII. 77

bulla, Benson IX. oO

Canadensis, 5oH'e;-i// VII. 4.'>

canalis, Z)if/5j(y XI. 75

Californica, .S'ojt'eri^ X. iu

caperata, Say VIII. ■>'■)

catascopium, (Say V. ?">

cemsMm, Triischel IX. 59

chs\yhvaii, Gould VIII. 52

ch\amjs, Bensmi X. 05

criarctata,'Lea X. 36

columella, aS'*^ X. 36

cornea, Valencieniis 1. 5

Cubensis, iy«J«r VIII. 48

Cumingii, udrfams VI. 3l5

Dalmatica, Parrey? XV. 101

decollata, i//(//(tB;s VI. 42

delicata, .Say XII. 76

Deshayesii, j4c?c6His XIV. 95

diaphana, A7n// V. 30

emarginata, Say (not PI. VI.) VII., XV. 35

exp:insa, //<(/-/. ///r(« XII.

c'lliptica, L,'a IX.

t^Mes. S„y v., IX.

eloiiL'ata. hrapiininial XL

cxilis. Lea XI.

ferruginea, llaldnann XII.

Ilava, MoveUl Xlll.

fussaria, Turton I.

fragilis, Lintiajiis I,

fu.sca, Pfeif-r ill.

(iaibana, Say XV.

goisericoia, i?er/,- IV.

Gill)ilmanicus, Co«/(« Xlll.

gingivata, Goupil Xlll.

g\obo&a., Soicerhij XII.

glaber, ,Vm«(t 1.

glutinosa, />f7;ar«n(/r/ II.

grarilis, S.,y III.

hians, Sninrhy IX.

Hoibollii, Beck IV.

Hooker's, /'eeye XL

liumilis, (S'oy XII.

intermedia, i^e/Tn*'«(c III.

interstriata, Sowcrhy X.

involuta, //(wwy II.

Japonica, Soiverhy XL

Javanica, JA/c/mhJ VIII.

jugularis. Say IV.

Z(»ro,«^/??ja, Lamarck XL

Lysoni, Deshayps IX.

lutoola, Lamarvk XV.

niacrostonia. Say VI.

(erroneously as colvun lla)

megastoma, .Soy 11.

Melbournensis, P/i'/y/W- VI.

j1//'HMto, Draparnaud I.

Modicella, Say XII.

Nataleusis, A>a)(y) VII.

Navicula, Valencirnncrt VIII.

nucleus, Trosclul X. 07

Xuttaliaua, Zrrt XL v"n

(//'««/?■«, Zeigler . I. •>

iictanfraHa 'I XI. CS

Owaheusis, Soulcuct XIII. '.lU

o\i\\\&, Sowerby IX. o'J

oviifA, Draparnaud HI. !•">

pallida, ^(terts XU. SI

j)alustris, Draparnaud I. ."i

lYAt\i\-A, TrOschel II. li»

pelliger, SJmttleicorfli XIA'. 'J'J

Y>ei-egTa., D7-apa7Tiaud I. 7

Fersica, Farrer/s '^ XIV. 1)2

Philadelphica, i^a XII. S'J

V\\'dil^\>iii, A dmiis and A 11/11. •■ VI. 41

Piugelii, .Beti- XIV. 'J.s

I>inguis, 5a^ XV., III., IX. 18

])roxima, iea VII. 44

l>yra.midata, ,Sou-frbi/ IX. (Sp.) 58

(erroneously as e;»(i/(/(n((/i( I ... VI. (tia.) .".')

reflexr., Say, (not PL V. ) XI 1 1. , X V. ;i2

Uiberiensis. AViie/«r/; VIII. .'i4

rulescens, (?>Y(y III. 14

^anderi, Parreys X\'. 1(»2

Sandwiehensis, P/w7/y»s V. i',s

sc.idims, Braivn IX. (?)

Shimensis, Sowerby X. fi.'J

solida, //a/ftoftan XIII. {S8

soteria, Parr^^s XIV. 'J7

specioia, ? I. b

spirulata, J/oMS4o» XV. lOIJ

stagnalis, i/;jn(isus I. 4

Strange'i, Adai7is and A ryiis VI. 40

striyata, PuiTja I. 4

sncciBexioimis, Shuttkiroi-th VIII. 56

snccinea, Deshayes IV. 2fi

Ruccinea, Deshayes IX. 57

sxdcatida, TriJscliel IX. 5'J

Sumasii, i^airi^ V. .14

Swinhoei, //. .^(/fOfts IV. 25

teller , Parleys ? XIV. 'Jil

truneatula I. .'!

turricula, 7\.'M«it'r XIII. '.•!

(«)V7to, Sowerby I. .'i

unibrosa, <SVh/ I. (1

Vahlii. PecX- IV. 2o

vwiabilis, Benson IX. 511

ventricularis, A'ti«rer XI. 73

YiutoT, D'Orbigny IX. 56

vhiosa, Admns and Aryuf VI. ;!7

viridis, Q«o_y XIII. 89

yhrosa, Haldt'Tiiaii XIV. 94

MONOCMlAPIl

OV TllK (lENUS

I. I M A,

■ Did he stand at the diiuuiMid .l..,,i-
Of his house in a riiinbciw frill >" ^Tcxiuji^ni

Luna PL I.

w

.^'

'-^huM^

\

^

mf

r

'•'aii^i'

,y/^'

■-■£Jji^s-' '

Vmcent Brooks Day A .Sou, Imf

1. 1 M A.

Genus LIMA, Brwjiuh;.
Testa hivalvis, unimuscidosa, libera aut hi/.tio adhivi-i-ns,
eqiiivalvis, biauriculata, pleramqiie ohliiiae m-ata
ant siilitrigona, costis frequenter squamiferi^ aut
striis rmliata ; cardiiie recto, edentuln, (areola tri-
gona in medio arcm mhtrigonoi cartilaffini'oi reri-
pienti ; iimhonih'isana trif/ini'l .•ieparntm. Epi'lcr-
mis fusma, tenuia.
Shell bivalve, with one muscle, free or adhering by a
byssus, eqni valve, biauriculatecl, general ly obliquely-
ovate or subtrigonal, rayed with fre(|uently si|ua-
miferous ribs or strise ; hinge straight, toothless,
with a trigonal pit in the middle of a triangular
area receiving the cartilage : umboes separated
by a trigonal area. E]uderniis lirown, thin.
Of the twenty-five species enumerated in the folUiw-
ing nrmograph, seven or eiflfht, including S. sqiiniiKOia,
.lie iuh:il)itants of the Red Sea and Mediterranean. Our
iiwn seas I'ontribute five species, and the largest of all,
L. vxrarata, is found in Norway. There are also a t'ew
.\ustralian, Philippine, West Indian, and Scutli Sea
species, with a few whose localities are scatterrd over
the Indian and other Seas. A triangular disc contain-
ing a smaller triangular cartilagin(Uis pit, and sepa-
i-ating the umboes, distinguishes this genus from tlie
rertoif.

Most of the species have an hiatus between the an-
terior margins of their valves, for the passage of a
byssiis of attachment. Some gape on both sides, and
others are closed nearly all round. Tlic giiiu]i of
eipiilateral shells such as Lima hiiUiil<i., [vam- bi< n
separated under the name of Liiiuduli. A ■■ Lima's
nest" is a collection of Xullipores, which the animal
strings together by means of the byssus, in the midst
nf which it finds shelter.

Species L (Mas. JefTri
\ LoscoMW. Liiii. tcstd tetuii,
tissiiiie :itriat(^, fiix i-hnisd, nbliqii

propr uKU-juiem r,;,
cardinnti parvA, nm-ici,

Lo.scomb's Lim.v. Shell thi
striated, nearly closei
riorly sub-angular ne:
area small : auricles i

Licwir. Sowerliy's (renrra.

Li)na /mllata, Turt.Mi.

IIoA British Sc^as.

latere
ilatiin

e.Kcavatfd in an anr^i
large, anterior small.

Chemn-itz. Conch. 7, p. •'i')

Ilab. Norway.

< ,„/„r:

'.pdaUi

(M.

(Fig. a, h, Mus, Br

■„„;, ,i,l I^,t,-n, jn-c
l,ih,rn,l„ti^ nidi.,
■a,u,ri,-uli,

.lUpl

cnni:„dil„t„,i„l
ma:/,us, i,qnalihuH.

Tin; liui-nous Lima. Shell thick, rather straight, rion
gately ovate, very ventricose, nearly closed at the
side, rayed with numerous minutely tubercvdated
ribs ; hinge margin broad, with a single fold be-
neath the'anricles: auricles large, equal.

BoKX. Mus. Ca-s. Vind.

llah. SorsOLTOn.

November, 187:

LIMA.— ri.ATi; I.

!ipecifs 4. (Miw. lirit.)

\ Ml i.TiCdSTATA. Lini. teatd rras,
oli/iijiir suhtri(jund, antire ad maryl
obliqui' producld, costis creberi

compressa,
; ventralem
i tenuibus

Species .'>. (IMus. Brit.)

Lima isotundata. Lim. testd veiitricosissmd, latd,
oblique roiundo-aubtrigond, late utringiie hianii,
rgi

postice ad marginem -ventralem suhprochictd, costis
1-ugosis monUi/eris, stibdistantibus radiatd : auricvlh

siinanum - itodvli/ens radiatd ; awiculd anticd I declivibus, anticd parviusmld.

parnl ' The koundep Lima. Shell very ventricose, broad,

pressed, j obliquely rounded-subtrigonal, widely gaping on

Y-KH-.BKi. Lima. Sliell thick
uely snhtrigonal, anteriorly obliquely pro- j
1 at thi' ventral margin, rayed with very
■iiius thill, scaly-nodose ribs; anterior auricle

all.

V. Th

sinrus Conchyliorui

Jcil Sc:

. Mediterranean.

bout

wenty-four rib.-: in

nt fhii

ty-si.\- in this specie

Lii

i;, f. 38.

both sides, posteriorly produced at the ventral
margin, rayed with rugose beaded, rather distant
ribs ; auricles sloped, the anterior one rather
small.
SdWEF.i'.v. Thi-sauruK Conchyliorum, Lima, Sp. 11,

f. r.).

I J/ab. Mediterranean.

I Keseniljliiig Limn reidricvsd, but mucli shorter,

I broader, and less oblique.

Lima FI II

/'I

■'■'/>>

mm

'mi

S.
%

Vincent. Brooks Day & Son Imp

L 1 M A.

Species 6. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Lima hians. Lim. testd tenui, subcomj/ressd, oblique
ovatd, ad laiera Icevi, medio minute striatd,
postice paululiim, antice late hianti ; hiatu antico
costd internd validd marginato ; auricuiia anticis
acutis ; ared cardinali parvd.

The gaping Lima. Shell thin, siibcompressed, obliquely
ovate, smooth at the sides, striated minutely in
the centre, gaping a httle posteriorly, widely
anteriorly : anterior hiatus bordered with a strong
internal rib ; anterior auricles sharp ; cardinal
area small.

Gmelin. (Ostrffia) No. 3333.

Lima frag ilia, Montagu.

Lima tenera, Turton.

Lima aperta, Sowerby.

Hah. Britain, &c.

More ovate and broad than Lima fragilis.

Species 7. (JIus. Brit.)

Lima teneka. Llm. iestA siiboratd, nubcompressd,
rectiusculd, tenui, lata, epidermide fusco indutd,
costellis mintUis granoso-nodusis, divaricatim
interruptis subrugatd ; auriculis anticis late hian-
tibus, erassis ; cardine crasso, obsolete plieato.

The slender Lima. Shell subovate, subcom pressed,
rather straight, thin, broad, covered with a brown
epidermis, rather roughened with minute, granoso-
nodulous divergently interrupted riblets ; anterior
auricles broadly gaping, thick ; hinge thick,
obsoletely plaited.

Chemnitz. Conch., torn. vii. p. 3.')-2. tali. f'.S, f. C.'i-J.

Osircca glacialis, Gmelin.

Hab. Philippines. Singapore, i^-c.

Much more finely sculpt
shell than Lima ncahra.

and altocrether a thinner

Species 8. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Lima .scabua. Lim. testd crassd, compressd, recliuscula,
postice paululum, antice magis hianti : costis
nuinerosis divaricatim interruptis, sabiodosis
rugatd ; auriculis anticis erassis, reflexi^.

The scabkocs Lima. Shell thick, compressed, rather
straight, posteriorly a little, anteriorly more
gaping; r(nighened with numerous divergingly
interrupted subnodose ribs: anterior auricles thick,
reflected.

Born. Mus. Cas., p. 110.

PrCteri a.yiera, Chemnitz.

0.>7rrt>« glacialis, Gmelin.

LLab. West Indies.

.Species 'J. (Mus. ^Lacandrew.)
LniA PAUCicosTATA. Lim. IestA solidd, obliqv/i, subtri-
gond, antice ad marginem ventralem obliqvA- pro-
ductd, costis cras.ns, paucis, subrotundatis sqwimis
fornicalis extantibus brevibus imbncatis armatA:
latere antice. excavato ; cardine magna, frigono.
The few-ribbed Lima. Shell solid, oblique, subtrigonal,
anteriorly obliquely produced at the margin, armed
with few, thick rounded ribs imbricated with
vaulted extant, short scales; anterior s:de ex-
cavated ; hinge large, trigonal.
Sowerby. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Lima, sp. 7, figs.

U, 17.
Hah. Suez. R. Macandrew, Esq.

The -specimens brought by :\Ir. Macandrew from the
Red Sea, agree well with those formerly described from
Mr. Cumin I's collection.

Species It). (Mus. Brit., &c.)
Lima squamosa. Lim. testd crassd, obliqiid, compressd,

Auunist, 187:->.

LIMA.— Plate II.

oblique .-iubovcM, anticc ad marginem

ohliqui firvducti'i, costis nurnerosis Imbricatim

squamatis radiantiltus animti'i ; are& untied lateraii

infra auHculas depressd.

siH AMOSE Lima. Shell thick, oblique, compressed,

obli(|uely subovate, anteriorly obliquely produced

,-it the ventral margin : armed with numerous
imbricately squamose radiating ribs ; lateral
anterior area beneath the auricles depre.ssed.

Lamakck, Anini. sans Vert,

O-itrcea Lima. Linnteus.

Hah. Red Sea and Mediterranean.

LmmFl m

.%.

%■

#

/

.^w

A

b owelty, de! et, Lilh

'Ancenl Brooks .Day .\ Son. Imp

L I M A.

Species 11. (Fi.u:. -/, //, Mas. I'.rit.)

Lima ventwcosa. Lim. ti-sld oLliijni ovatCt, latA,
veulricomsimd, alba, nonnunquam fasciis conceii-
tn'cis subwirantiifi oniatd, cuslis rugostiK siihirreyu-
larihu^, diaUintihim, itionillfuniiihii^ arriintd . //(. -
diocritev hianti.

The VENTRicosE Lima. Shell obliquely ovate, broiul,
very ventricose, white, sometimes onumiented
with concentric slightly oranf^e bands, armed
with rough, rather irregular, distant, beaded ribs;
moderately gaping.

SdWEni-.v. Thesaurus Conchylioruiii, Lima, Sp. Ill, f.
6, 7.

Liiiiii ijlacialis, I'oli.

IJali. Mediterranean.

The

/.. ;//<,

ili to

had been previou.sly a]:i)lied by Gmelin to Limn scabra.
It differs from L.faaciatci, in being much more ventri-
cose and less oblique, and in the ribs being beaded and
moiv distant.

Species 12. (Mus. ? copied.)

Li.MA AN(iusTATA. Liiii. testd temiissi/iid, an

iib/iiphi. compt-essd, alba, late anlU! Iiiun/.i, tt:

crclniriiiie radiutim Btriatd.
Tm; .NARianv Lima. Shell very thin, narrow, ol

compressed, white, with a wide hiatus in

finely very closely radiately striated.
SowKiii;y.

Limn npcrta (hians) var. Sowerby in Tins.
//„/,. }

I .■a.inot now remember whence w.-is ..btaiiu
specimen of this shell figured in the Thrsauru?
it is very mitcli narrower and more compressec

lique,
front.

Limn hl'n,i< with which it is ermn.'ously connected
that work.

Species Li. (Mus. Brit.)
Lima AXOIM.ATA. I.iul. 1,'sta nn/riro„l. nll„1, ohilqill
suhtri;/,,,,.;, niihrl „<l uinnjl,,,-,:! reulralnn aii.jiilnlo.

ventrall leimilrr il.nlal,,.
The ANT.UI.ai: Lima. Shell venlricosi', whit.-, Mbliqurly
sulitrigoiial, anteriorly angular at the ventral
margin, very finely radiately striated ; po.sterioi-
ventral ninrgiu fiuoh- di'iitated.

Limn JSmzlliann, MS. Brit. iMus.

Liiiin orii'iitnll.", Adams and Reeve.

Ilab. Panama, Cumin;/. New Caledonia (var. <u-iciitnll.--).

Species 14. (Fig. .^ b, Mus. Brit.)

Lima hentata. LIiii. fesla dliln/nr ,l,ni<j<il,'t, ti mil
com/iiTSsd, aatice panluhuii, /ui.'itlrl; Intl lin
costU disUmlibuS scal/rls. ml mniyliniii lUi.
radiatd ; auriculis antirls jmrfis ,■ nrru caiL
latd.

The toothed Lima. Shell obliquely elongated,
subcompressed, ga]iing a little anteriorly, w
posteriorly; rayed with distant scabrous
dentated at the margin ; anterior auricles s
hinge area wide.

SowEUiiY. Thesaurus Concliylionun, Jjima, Sp.
f. 3t>, 31.

Ihih. .'

A rather remarkalile species for its sctdpture

idely
ril.s
mall.

projectmg

LIMA.— Plate III
Species 15. (Mus. Brit.)

tesiti temnusciila rectiiiscvld,

Ll.M.A SriiANGEI. L

e/onyatd, stibcequilaterali, ventn'cosd, alba, anf/ustd,
cnstis diftaiitihus acutis viedio radiatd ; avricuUs
nd)mfpi(dihus, acute awjulatif, ad latera laevigata.
STn.\Nr,E's Li.M.\. Shell rather tliiu, nearly straight,
elongated, subequilateral, vent ricuse, white, narrow,

rayed with distant sharp ribs in the middle, auricles
nearly equal, sharjily angular, smooth at the sides.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hab. Moreton Bay.

Rather more obliijue. thinner, and less ventricose

than Liiiai bullala, and with distant, sharp teeth.

Lmw, I'lir

i7"^-

e

\

^-^^^

I7h.

Sowerby, del el, Lilli

Vincent Brooks, Day ?tSon,Imp

L I M A,

Species IG. (Fig. a, Mus. Taylor, h, c, .AIu-<. I'.rit.)

Lima aucuata. Lim. tesU'i ohli(}ue suhtrvjona, versus
margiiiem dorscdem attenuutd, ad marginem ven-
tralem lat^ expansd, subcompressil, utriiiqiic lalissime
hianti ; tnargine ventrali postice obliriui proilucto ;
costis radiantibics incequalibus.

The arched Lima. Shell obliquely subtrigoiiul, at-
tenuated towards the dorsal margin, expanded at
the ventral margin, rather compressed, very widely
gaping on both sides ; ventral margin posteriorly
obliquely produced ; radiating ribs unequal.

SowERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Lima, Sp. 15,
f. 41, 42.

Hub. Lord Hood's Island, imder coral rucks. Panama.
Guayaquil Bay. Guacomayo,

The small specimen, f. a, is from Panama, evidently
a young shell, but exhibiting the characters in which
the species differs from Z(«ia_/'ra^!7js, namely the curve
of the shell giving a wide hiatus, and the broad expan-
sion of the ventral margin.

Species 17. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Brit.)
Lima fasciata. Lim. testa teiiui, ventricosd, j)eroblique
ovatd, lata, alba, cmicentric^ pallide fulvo-fas-
ciatd, antice inter margines lateralis et centrales
angiilati'i ; utrinque hianti ; costis aciitis aspi'ratis,
inmqualihus radiata ; marglne canlinali lata,
auriculis acutis ; margine rentrali posiiix praducto,
antice acclivi.
The banded Lima. Shell thin, ventricoso, very
obliquely ovate, broad, white, concentrically

lianded with |«le Caul. , auterinriy angular between
the lateral and ventral margins; gaping on each
side; rayed with sharp, rough, unequal ribs;
hinge margin broad, with sharp auricles; ventral
margin ju-oduced, slupeil U]i\vards in front.

Lin'n.bus. Systeina Xatura'.

Lima injlata, Ijamarck.

Lighter, more oblique and less vcntricnv,- tlrin Limn

ventricosa, and the ribs sharper and nmrc nuuifmus.

Lu

obli

',/.}, „.ll„

Mus. Brit

)

(), rumpi

.>?./.

Clhl'

is, ,,,;,/n;

ud,

„lllt<ti

■hL

fuSCO il,<l„l.i. rnstis d isl.i ut,l,u ,
veiitraUnn denlnlis khIiiiI.i : ii/i-in'/m iiu'dinrnti-r
hianti; iiKirymi Intend, ,i„lirr ,(„tfi:,\,-'U-riialo :
margiiw ccnti-ali puMiri iMiqiti- piodiicto.

The fkagii.e Lima. Shell tlnn, coiuiiressed, very
oblique, rather narrow, white unless covered by
a pale brown epidermis, rayed with distant sliarjj
ribs, dentated at the ventral margin, gaping
moderately on both sides, lateral margin convexly
arched in front ; ventral margin posteriorly
obliquely jiroduced.

Chemnitz. Conch. 7, t. (il, f O.'iO.

Lima dehisreiis. Conrad.

Li„ia li,„jn,it„l„. Lamarck.

Hah. Tahiti, rialippmes.

The South Sea variety, fig. a, may be a little less

oblique and more ventricose than the Philippine one,

fig. h, but there seems to be no essential difference

between them.

November, 1872.

n

LimwPl V

A,

''"Srirtil^"'

%

Sowerby del et Litli

Vincenl Brooks Day i Son Lith

LIMA.

Species i;». (Mas. Cum. in Brit.)

Lima Cuminoii. Lini. testd pan-d, oh/iqihi, aiigiiMd,
compressd, medio laleris aniici angulatd, vix hianti ;
costis duodecim medtnnis distaniibus radiata ; mar-
gine ventrali antice acdivi, posiice oblique »til>-
expannd.

CuMiNc's Li3lA. Shell small, oblique, n.-irrow, com-
pressed, angular iu the middle of the anterior side,
scarcely gapihg ; rayed ivith twelve central dis-
tant ribs; ventral margin anteriorly sloped up-
wards, posteriorly obliquely slightly expanded.

SnwERHY. Proe. Zool. Soc.

Hah. Is). Luzon, Philipjiines.

The valves of this pretty little shell are closed nearly

Species 20. (Mus. Jeffreys.)

Lima Saksii. IJm. testa parvA, fused, intus sub-
irarantid, recta, breviter nvatd, suhaiquilaterall,
c.ostis nnmerosis sqiiarnosis rotundis radiatd ;
margine cardinali lato, minutissime denticulato ;
(mriculis ceqiialibus.

Sars'.s Lima. Shell small, brown, .slightly orange with-
in, straight, shortly oval, subcquilatcral, rayed
with ninncrous squaniose rounded ribs; hinge
margin broad, very minutely denticulated; auri-
cles equal.

L.ivEX. MoUusca of Scandinavia.

Hah. Scandinavian .Seas.

(Mus. 15rit.)

Intd,

Lima .Iai'oxica. Llm. tc.<t,'i ovat.i, rn,t

rectiiiscutd, subcrqiiilnferali, ai.<'tis raiidis, svh
acutis, nnmerosis radiatd ; margine ventrali vi
oidique prnducto ; margine cardinali lato ; auricuii

Tin: Japan' Lima. Slu-ll ovate, ventricose, broad,
rather sti-aijxht, nearly equilateral, rayed with
numerous strong, rather sharp ribs ; ventral mar-
gin scarcely obliquely produced ; hinge margin
broad ; auricles nearly equal ; umboes produced.

A. AiiAMS. Proc. Zool. .Soc.

Hah. Jat.an.

Species 22. (l\Ius. Brit.)

Lima suhauriculata. Lim. testd parvd, rectd, angustd,
suhtequilaterali, clausd, ventricosissimd, tenui, alba,
sirtis tenuihiis, medio radiatd, sulco mediani notatd ;
latcribns loivigatis ; auricidis parvis, mqualibus ;
iimbonilms elevatis, acute productis.

TuE suBAUlMCL'LATED LiMA. Shell small, Straight,
narrow, subei|uilateral, closed, very ventricose,
thin, white, rayed in the middle with thin striae,
marked with a. central sulcus ; sides smooth ;
auricles small, equal ; umboes elevated, acutely
produced.

Montagu. British Shells.

Lima sulcata, lAIoUer.

Hah. Great Britain. Scandinavia.

llibn

dionihu.

s pr

d.ictis.

Species 23. (Mus. Brit.)

Lima elliptica. Lim. testd recfiiisculd, (ing^istd, oblongo-
oratd, tenui, suhmquilaterali, alba, clausd, ventri-
cosissimd, striis tenuibus centralibus, ad latera
evanidis, radiatd, sulcd postmediani suhobliqud
notatd; margine ventrali jtostice paulo oblique pro-
ducto.

The elliptic Lima. Shell rather straight, narrow,
oblong, ovate, thin, subequilateral, white, closed,
very ventricose, raj'ed with thin striffi disappear-
ing at the sides, marked with a post- central

LIMA.— Plate V.

rather oblique sulcus ; ventral margin posteriorly

a little produced.
Jeffreys. British Shells.
Hah. North Britain. Scandinavia.

This species is described as differing from Lima
suhauriculata in being less narrow and a little more
oblique ; Mr. Jefireys has observed that the longi-
tudinal sulcus, which in that species is central, in
the present inclines towards the posterior side.

Species 24. (Mus. Brit.)

Lima Palklandica. Lima testa hreviter ovatd, clausd,
albd, solidd, laid, ventricosd, mhmquilaterali ; costis
hand nmneivsis centralihns radiatd ; lateribus
lau'lgatis.

The Falkland Lima. Shell shortly oval, closed,
white, solid, broad, ventricose, subequilateral ;
rayed with central, not numerous ribs ; smooth at
the sides.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hah. Falkland Isles.

Shorter and broader in proportion than any of the

sube(jviilateral species excepting L . Sarsii.

Species 25. (JIus. Brit.)

Lima pectinata. Lim. testa paivd, suhrotundd, ohliqud,
suhfuscd, costis paucis rotundis nhlique radiatd;
postice ad margmem ventralem ohlique productd ;
latere untico rectiusculo, auriculd minutissimd ;
margine cardinali minutissimi dentieulalo ; um-
hmiibiis vakle prodtictia.

The pectinated Lima. Sliell small, rather rounded,
oblique, brownish, obliquely rayed with few
rounded ribs ; anteriorly obliquely produced at
the ventral margin ; anterior side rather straight,
witli very small auricle ; hinge margin very
minutely denticulated ; umboes much produced.

A. Adams, (ijimaja). Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hah. Gulf of Suez.

Species 2G. (Mus. Brit.)

Lima Cetlanica. Lim. testd parvd, suhohliqvA, s%ib-
oeqidlaterali, ohlongo-ovatd, pallidH fused, costis
aattiiisculis numerosis prope latera mhevanidis
radiatd ; margine ventrali postice paido producto.

The Ceylon Lima. Shell small, a little oblique, sub-
equilateral, oblong-ovate, pale brown, rayed with
rather acute numerous ribs almost disappearing
near the sides ; ventral margin a little produced
posteriorly.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hah Ceylon.

Species 27. (Mus. Brit.)

Lima bullifera. Lim. testa parvd, compressd, oblique
subtrigond, ad laterem anticum excavatd, ad mar-
ginem ventralem antici prodvctd, costis numerosis
tuberculis hulliforinihus ferentibus radiatd.

The bubble-bearing Lima. Shell small, compressed,
obliquely subtrigonal, excavated at the anterior
side, produced anteriorly at the ventral margin,
rayed with nimierous ribs bearing bubble-shaped
tubercles.

Deshayes. Conchyliolugie de ITsle de la Reunion.

Hob. Isl. BourliQi).

L I \I A,

:ii.-m;:i1:i, .Nw.-/,v 111.

an^i, ;v V ■.-/ 111.

"/'■-■•'■— >'o^ n.

ai-eiKitu, .V„»V7% IV.

iisjiini, Chemnitz II.

lirnzitiancu MS 111.

hvUata, Mnntagu I.

hwWata., Born 1.

hnWikxa, Deshayes V.

Ceylauica, .4. 4f/a«I^■ V.

(\vmxag\i, Soicerhi V.

ilnntaXa, Sowerhy 111.

elliptica, ./c^m/s V.

cxcav.ita, Chemnii: I .

fasciata, LinncBus 1\'.

fragilis, Chemnitz IV.

frngiUs, Montagu II.

ijkicidUs, Gmelin II.

:,l.,rul/„, I'oli 111.

hians, (liaHin II.

Japonica, .4. Adaiii.< V.

LoscoMil)i, lA'Uch 1.

multicostata, /Sofrc/'i'/ 1.

0)7i;«;«/ts, Ad. & lieevc III.

paucioostata, Sowerhy II.

pectinata, A. Adams \'.

rotundata, <S()?C('('% I.

Sarsii, Zoi-«« V.

scabra, Born II.

squamosa, Luiiinrrl: II.

Strangei, A. Aduiiis III.

subauriculata, ,1/i-i»/i"/" V.

Falklandica, ^. .4fA';».- V.

teuera, Chemnitz II.

tenera, TuvUnx 11.

ventricosa, Soirii-/'ii 111.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

D E N T A L I (I M.

■ Did lu. push, whclj hu was uuvuvlrd.
A golden foot or -a fairy horn
Through his dim svntcv w. nU 'f" W ,

TJentaliwn PL I.

o

Sowerby, del et litli

Accent BrookK D:Ly &, Son, Imp

n F. N T A L I U M.

1.

Genus DKXTALIUM, Linnti>us.
Testa elongata, tuh(i'J'ormi.<, (in-imld, li'ind. s/ihri/is :

apice perforaU) ; api-rtnni .tiiii/>/ici, niliiiidi'i.
Shell elongated, tube-sliaped, archi'd. not sjand ; apex
perforated; aperture simple, rouiuled.

In an analogical point of view a Dentnliina should
bo regarded as a Fissure/la with the apex very much
raised and extended, with a similar perforation at the
end. And as in that genus there is not onl_v the round
perforation, but generally a slit on each side of it, so
as to foim the "key-hole," as it is called, so in many
instances there is a little fissure on the dorsal, rarely
on the ventral side of the apical ])erforation in Diii-
tnlium. The presence or absence of such fissure
cannot be sufficient to found a generic distinction upon,
since it varies iu length and position, or may be present
or absent in individuals of the same species. The genus
EntaLIS, therefore, of some authors is included in the
following monograph.

The geographical distrlhuti.m ,,f the various species
of tlie genus is extremely widi-. \\\- have two l^ritish,
many Indian, and several Auslnilian and American
spech-s. Many fine sorts were coIK-ct.a by Mr. Cuming
in the Philippines. Since Mr. SowerI)V -s monogra]>h
in the Thesaurus, a few interesting species have bei-n
described l)y Mr. Gould, raising the present recorded
number to fifty-five.

Species L'. (Kig. -^ A, Mus. P.rit.)

DkXTAI, li;.M AIRINUM. Jkll. Il'sir, ,l<>,„litl,K IIIKJIISI
Viilidc niTiiatii, li-iilr rrrsrnili, virUli f,isei„ti
pictd, costis circa tlereiit (inintt,), mlirstilns /i/miis
apice inte</ro ; aperiuni atii/aliit<i.

ThK BoAR's-TUSK DliNTAMfM. Shell el.illL'a ted, nn\Vn\

Strongly curved, slowly increasing, paiut.d i
bands' with green, strcnL'thened with about ten rib
interstices Hat ; aperture .-uiLMilar.

LlNX.El'.S. Systema \atur;<'.

Ilab. St. Nicholas, Islan.l ol Zebu, Philippines.

Species 1. (Mus. Cum. in P.rit.)

I)i;.NTAi,lUM Bi^LClimi. l>,'ii. t,.<l,; allmla, ..(,•?£ rnhni,
breviusculd, valide araiatd, lent!- cresci'iiti, solidii,
costis crchris, inigosls, ipia.fi ariiadatls lirahi ;
apice tnincato, integru.

Belcher's Dektalium. Shell whiti;-h, or red, rather
short, strongly curved, slowly increasing, solid,
ridged with close, rough, ipiasi articulated rilis;
ape.x truncated, entire.

SoWERiiY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Dentalium, Sp.
27, f. 28, 29.

Iluh. East Indian Archipelago.

Novem

Species I!. (Mns. M;ie Andrew. )
Dentalium Vic];nei.ii. Ih'u. t<^i>i „>,i:/w}, judHdr jiilr,}

fusro-ruln'^rnitl la,,i„l,i. ,; ,1,„sriil,l laniil, r Mriata
lente ens,: mi : Ji.sun) ,,j,i.;,l, ln,rii!r..;,l,i.

VEIiNEI.l's I)l.:xiAl,iiM. Shell large, pale fnlv,,us
banded with a reddish-brown, finely striaful
rather straight, slowly increasing : ajucal rissun
rather long.

IIanlev. Sowerbv"s Thesaurus t'uiicliylionim. Hen

taliun
Hab. Jai

Species 4. (Mus. 15rit.)
iectum. Ih-it. iPflii crass,}, inaijua,
,„l,„rc„al.;, pallida, /,f/ra:iildaU. snb-

dowja

The .sTl:Air;nT Dextai.iu.m. Shell tluek, large,
curved a little backwards, pale pyramidal, sub-
acuminated, broad at the margin of the aperture,
ribs numerous, unequal, rough ; apical fissure
long.

Gmelin. In ed. Linn. Syst. Nat.

Dentalium elephaiitininn, Deshaycs, not Linn.

Lhntalium stiiatnia, Martini.

Hah. Adriatic Sea.

DENTALIUM.— Plate L

Tlie speci:
seiai-fossili

lens hitherto
I'd state.

Ji-ocm-ei

appear to be in

Spei;ies 5. (Mus. Hrit.)

TALIUM KLEPHANTINUM. Den. tesU'i folitli'i, marjiid,
validfi aixuatd, rapide crescenli, viridi Jasciatu,
rostis decern circa laqueatd, apice infegro.
Elephant's-ti'sk Dentalium. Shell solid, large,

strongly arched, rapidly increasing, green-banded,
Huted with about ten ribs; apex entire.

LiNN.«;us. Systema Naturee.

Denlalium areuatum, Gmelin.

Hab. Philippines, &c.

Deshayes having erroneously, as we think, applied
the name of BenUdium elephantitium to the shell which
Gmelin named D. rectum, adopted Gmelin's name D.
areuatum to this well-known species, which there is
little doubt is the true sjiecies of Linnanis.

DetUaliiim FIJI

^«

k^

"ioweiby.MelliQi

"Vmcent Brooks Day & Son, Imp

DEN T A L I U M.

Species C. (Mus. Brit.)
Dextalu'm Ht;.\.\i.(iNr.M. Ihii. t,fln ulli'i, aw/iisthi)'-

rul'i, subfolkh'i, mnliorntir an-mit^'i, lmvi>/at/i ;

costis angulatis Iwrilms se.r aii;;iilos li'stxr ejfonnan-

tibus ; apice integro.
The hexagonal dentai.ium. Shell white, rather

narrow, rather solid, with a medium curve, smooth,

with six angular smooth ribs forming the angles

of the shell ; apex entire.
Gould. Invert. Massachusetts.
Ifab. North America, China, and Singapore.

SowKUBY. Thex C<i]
llah. New Zeiiland.

This shell is mu:
than Di'iitiilitnn rectm.

Species 7. (Mus. Belcher, oliin.)

Dkxtalu'm FOiniosuM. Den. trsti'i vnliiU'. urcnnli'i,
ni/i/-/, I'n sriiili, <ti-uiniii<it''i. hilii, viridi, rubra,
orriili,::/!!, civkI'' alli i-iialuii j'li^i-ititi't ; COSlis ipiiii-
(/rri}ii rn/ii/if:. rolviidis, mpiulibus, longitudinctlibus
laqumti'i ; apice fissuratd, aptrturd magna.

The beautiful Dentalium. Shell strongly arched,
rapidly increasing, acuminated, wide, banded
alternately with vivid green, red, and blue ; tinted
with fifteen longitudinal, strong, rounded, equal
ribs ; apex fissured ; aperture large.

AnAMS AND Eeeve. Voy. Samarang, p. 71.

Hah. Sooloo Archipelago.

This beautiful species increases more rapidly in size
from apex to aperture than any other.

Species 8. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)
Dentalium zelandicum. Den. testa rectiuscuh'i,
angustd, paltide fusco ferrugine.o fasciatd, costis
nunierosis nigosis arcuatd ; vix urciiatd ; apicc
Jissurato ; apertuvd angusiiuscidd.
The New Zealand Dentalium. Shell rather straight,
narrow, banded with pale ferruginous brown,
armed with numerous rovigh ribs, very little
arched ; apex fissured ; aperture rather narrow.

■■pjecies :

rrower and even straighter
which it bears some rcsem-

b. .AIus. Cum. in Bnt.)

I),,i.l,st.; ,l,m;l„t,;,a„./>,.<l/,

Dentalium lon(;iti:i

valide arcuati'i. /i('lili.<si/i,:i, sm-ciued, .sid/jnlliicid,i ■
apice breviter Ji.<sarat:i ; apcrtuni angustd.

The Long-hacked Dentalium. Shell elongated, narrow,
strongly arclied, very much polished, amber-
coloured, rather pellucid; apex shortly fissured;
aperture narrow.

Reeve. Conch. Syst.

Dentalium polilum. Deshayes, not Linna?us.

Dentalium Lavmrckii. Chemn.

Ilab. rhilippines.

The difference in curve between the two specimens
figured tends to point out that that character is not by
any means to be relied on as indicating difference of
species among the Dentalia.

Species 10. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

Dentalium inteustiuatum. Dnn. tesfa elongatd, mediv-
criter arcuatd, angustd, costis validis, rotuiidis
circa decern laqueatd ; interstitiis kmgdudinalitcr
striatis.

The intki;sti!IATed Dentalium. Shell elongated,
moderately arched, narrow, fluted with about ten
strong rounded ribs ; interstices longitudinally-
striated.

SoWERBV. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Dentalium, Sp. ;!8.

Hah. Island Bohol, Philippines.

Nearly resembling Dentalium aprimnn in form and

colour, but striated between the ribs.

November, 1872.

DENTALIUM.— Plate II.

Species 11. (ilus. Taylor.)
Dentalium sexcostatuji. Ben. testa alba, elongatd,
angustd, valide arcuatd ; costis validis, sex longitudi-
nalibus rotmulis, t:rams, laqueata ; interstitiis
profundis, siriatis ; apice integro.
The si.x-uibbed Dentalium. Shell white, elongated,
narrow, strongly curved ; Huted with six longitu-
dinal, strong, rounded, thick ribs ; interstices
deep, rounded; apex entire.
SowEKuy. Thesaurus Conchylioruni, Sp. 44.
Hab. — ?

Differing from Dentalium lu'.raijonuia in the thick-
ness and roundness of the ribs, and tlie depth and
striation of tlie interstices.

Species \-l. (Mus. Brit.)

Dentalium octogonum. Den. te.<:td alba, crassd,
loevigatd, costis validis rdtiiiidis ado laqueata,
angusta, leviter arcuala : iiiti/rsti/iis latis, longitudi-
naliter siriatis.

The eight-sided Dental iim. Shell white, tliick,
smooth, Huted with eight strong rounded ribs,
narrow, shghtly arched; interstices wide, longitu-
dinally striated.

Lamarck. Auim. s. vert.

Hab. China.

DaUalwni PI . Ill

(^

i

Vinceut RiooksDxy^. Sonlmp

D E i\ T A L I U :\I.

Species 13. (Fi<r. a, b, c, d, Mus. Brit.)

DeNTALIUM NOVEMCOSTATl'M. />'«• teSt'i .--(ili'ld. pli'-

1-umque i-ubrA fasciatii ; gvadatim crescent!, vieiUo-
rriter arcuatd, costis novem, solidis, rutundis, infra
medium et versus margimm eraniilis la<iueatit ;
interstitiis striatis ; apice integro.
The nine-ribbed Dentauum. Shell solid, gciu-rally
red banded ; gradually increased, xnodcrately
curved, fluted with nine solid, rounded ribs dis-
appearing below the middle, and towards the
margin ; interstices striated ; apex entire.
La.maiick. Dediayes, monograph of Uentalium, |.l. ii.

f. 11, 12.
Dentalium fasciatuin, Lamarck (var.).
Ilab. Mediterranean.

Towards the apex the ribs are strong, and the inter-
stices deep, but become fainter from the middle, till at
the margin there is hardly a trace of them.

Species 14. (Mus. Brit.)

Dentalil-m Javaxum. Dai. te.sld p,,l!t,1, pallidc
succined, Vfdide arcuatd, gradaliin crescenti, roatis
ocio angulatis <eqnidistantibus laqueutd, interstitiis
latis, planatis ; Jissurd apicali pared.

The Java Dentalium. Shell polished, pale amber,
strongly arched, gradually increasing, fluted with
eight angular, equidistant ribs ; interstices wide,
flat ; apical fissure small.

So\VEi:t!Y. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Dentalium, Sp ;10,
f. 12.

llab. Java.

Species 15. (:\Ius. Taylor.)

Dentalium bisexaxgulatum. l>< h. t,--i:'i

pallidissime fusciatd, sdlid'i. ndid,'- anii

diitim crcsrenti, costis undi riia nl diiodcci

rutundis hiqucald ; aiiiec hrceitcr /i-;^'(ratr

tlhidd
', .'/'■"■

Snlidi,

The TvvELVE-RiiiiiEi) Dentalium. Shell whiti.sh, very
pale banded, solid, strongly curved, gradually in-
creasing, fluted with eleven or twelve solid,

SoWEItliV. Till

f. 8.
Ilah. Ja^

Species 10. (Mus. ('intiiiig.)
Dentalium i:i;ii:Ni;rM. /'-//. /<•.</</ tluiKjui

semip.lliirid,,. i.„ili,li .s,<rri,icd, wnlinrri

apice atteniiat.i. fi.<s,ir,i „/>ir,ili hiYr,s>iiii,i.

The ivouY Dkntai.h-m. Shell ehmgated, narrow,
semipellucid, i)alo amber - coloured, not very
strongly arched, banded with numerous elevated
concentric rings ; ape.\ attenuated; afiical fis.sure
very small.

Linn.eus. Systema Xatura?.

Dentalium annidatniit, Sowerby.

Dentaliun ludicmn, Chemn.

Hab. Indian Seas.

Species 17. (Fig. a, i, Mus. Brit.)
Dentalium Tarentinum. Den. testa solid/,, laid,
validi- arcuatd, rapid!: crescent!, albidd, nonnnnquam
versus apiceni rosea tinctd, medio et ad niarginem
Icerigatd, versus apiccm minut!; striatd ; a.pire ple-
rumque integro, acum!nnt<,.
The Tarentum Dentalium. Shell solid, broad, strongly
arched, rapidly enlarged, whitish, sometimes tinged
with rose-colour near the apex; smooth at the
middle and near the margin, minutely striated
towards the apex : apex generally entire.

November, 1^7

DENTALl UAL— Plate III.

Lajiai:ck. Aniinaux sans vertiibres.
//<«/-. Culfc.f Tarentuni.

The normal distinction;, between this species and
Dentaliurn entale are tliat the hitter is fissured at the
apex and not striated, while this species is striated and
not fissured.

rtd : ajnre atteniiato, Ji^

"J"

Species 18. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)
Dentai.u'ji Phii.iitinarum. Bep. testa elongaU'i,
aivjiiftimmd, recfitcsculii, semipelbicidA, politissitmi,
siihanreo-jiisci'i, imniiJis roncentricis elevalis nume-

TiiE PwiLiri'iXE Dentalum. .Shell elongated, very
narrow, rather straight, semipellucid, highly
[xilished, somewhat golden brown, banded with
numerous elevated concentric rings ; apex atte-
nuated ; ajiical fissure very short.

SowEiniY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Dentalium, Sp. 12,
r. .".4.

Hub. Isl. Saniar, lMiili],pines.

I renerally of a darker golden-brown colour, much
narrower and strai^hter than iJnitidhnn eburni'um.

Deiiiiiiiiiin j'l n:

o

Sov.'erby del e( btii

%ir,eniBroolcsDiiy& Son,Ini|)

D E i\ T A L I U iM.

Species 1'.'. (Mil?. Kril.)

Dextalu M sr.MlPOLiTUM. Dm. testa l,uin\ .iiihhydlin.l.
alhii, itiiyiistd. i-ersiis apiirm rosea pictd et temiiter
sfi/atd. ihiiiile ml man/inem piitiiifsiiiid ; apice
i„t,.jro.

The half-polish i;n Dextaliim. Slu-il lluii, nitlicr
hyaline, white, thin, narrow, rose-tinted and finely
striated near the apex, thence to the margin highly
polished; apex entire.

SinvKiiiiY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Dentalium, Sp. 21,
f. 2;i.

Ilah. South Seas.

Species 20. (Fig. a, h, Mius. Cum. in Bril.)
Di:ntalil-m tetragoxum. Den. testa alba, politd,
aolidd, a»;iiistd, rectiitsculd, apice el iistjiie aU
mi-'liiim qaadriijond, acute ant/nint'}, media el
usi/iii ad inarginetn mtiindatd.
The Fouii-siDED Dext.\lium. Shell white, i>olished,
solid, narrow, rather straight, at the apex and as
far as the middle four-sided, acutely angular, at
the middle and as far as the margin rounded.
So\VKi;i;v. Thesaurus Conchvliorum, Sp. 10, f. 21,

Ifal/. West Columbia.

Species 21. (Mus. Bril.)
Dentalil'M DEXT.U-E. Deti. te.std e/onipitd, einffiisld,
rugasd, ruhro et aura7itio faaciatd, eoscellis duodecim
et sfriis minutiisimis iiUerstitialiliKS seulptd : apice

The tooth-like Dextali'm. Shell
rugose, Ijanded with red and i
with twelve small ribs and very
stris ; apex entire.

:at.'d.

Lixx.trs. Sy.stc'nia Natura'.
//-(/-. Mediterranean.

In Dentidinm Lesfaiii the interstices are smooth, and
the whole circumference becomes smooth and polished
towards the margin ; but in this species the ribs are
continuous and the interstices .striated.

Denta

^locies 22. (Fig. a. //, e, Mus. Brit. )
11 Lessoxi. Deii. testa elongatd, amjustd,
acuminata, la;vi<jatd, rubra vet aurantio, vel fulvo
fasciatd, costellis duodecim, versus marginem
eranidis laqueatd ; interstitiis poiitif ; apice in-
ttgru.

Lessox'.s Dextaliim.
nated, smooth, i
brown, fluted with twelve riblets which become
nearly obsolete towards the margin ; interstices
polished ; apex entire.

Desh.\yes. Monograph of Dentalium.

I/ab. Mediterranean, Algiers, &c.

Shell elongated, narrow, acumi-
d or orange banded with Ught

(Mi;

Brit. )

Cuming

De/i. testd
moderati: arcuatd,
edio et versus in,

.•specie

Dentalium rsECDosEXAGONUii,
angustd, Icevigatd, alba, r.
apicem acute hexagond
rotunda et striata ; apice integro.

The pseudo-sexagonal Dentalium. Shell thin,
smooth, white, moderately arched, acutt
sided towards the apex, rounded and
towards the margin ; apex entire.

Deshayes. Monograph of Dentalium.

Hah. West Columbia and Lsl. Masbate, Phllipp

teuui,
, versiin
argiiievi

narrow,
Iv six-

Xovember, 187:

DENTALIUM.— Plate IV.

Species 2-i. (Mus. Brit.)

Dentalium liUBEscENs. Den. testa soliil'i, laviijatd,
angustd, rubescenti, /asms rubris transversalibus
annulatd, gradatim cregcenti, rectiusculd ; apice
intcijro.

The reddish Dentalium. Shell solid, smooth, narrow,
reddish, ringed with transverse red bands; gra-
dually increasing, rather straight; apex entire.

Deshayes. Monograph of Dentalium.

Ilah. .Mediterranean.

Species 25. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)
Dentalium dispak. Den. testa albd, semipelbicidd
politd, 'jmdatim crescenti, moderate arcuatd, ad
apir.em quadrangidatd, versibs medium angulis costce-
formibtis interstriatis, deinde usque ad marginem ro-
tiDuld, politd hatid striata ; apice integro.
The dissimilar Dentalium. Shell white, semipellucid,
polished, gradually increasing, moderately curved,
quadrangular at the apex, the angles interstriated
towards the middle, thence to the margin rounded,
polished, and without stria; ; apex entire.
Sowei'.bt. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Dentalium, Sp. 47,

Hah. Isl. Samar, Pli

This shell has three distinct characters in its length.
At the ape.x it is four-sided, each angle forming a rib ;
then there appears a small stria between the angles ;
and then from the centre to the margin ribs and strite
disajipear, leaving a smooth rounded circumference.

Species 2tj. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

Dentalium vamabile. Den. testa tuihi-iilinilr-ared,
ciassd, angustd, albidd, lent'e cre.icenti, rectiiisculd,
costis subroiiindis, maculatis quasi-ai-ticulatis,
versus apiceni paueis, medio et infra magis nume-
rous sculptd.

The variable Dentalium. Shell subcylindrical, thick,
narrow, whitish, slowly increasing, rather straight,
sculptured with rounded ribs, few towards the
apex, more numerous in the centre and towards
the apex.

Deshayes. Monograph of Dentalium.

Dentalium eburneum, Turton (var. ).

Dentalium album, Turton (var.).

Hab. Philippines.

The variabilities of this species depend upon the
number of ribs into which the few at the apex multiply
towards the middle and base.

Bentalium PI. V.

W

I

M I

ill ^i

n

mils

Sowertydel ef. li!h

Vjucent Brooks Day &. Son, Imp.

D E N T A L I U M.

Species 27. (Miis. Brit.)
Dentalium quadrangulare. Den. testa parvu, alba,
cj/lindraceA, longitudinaliter striata, ad api'cem
qiiadrigoiui, deinde ad marriinem rotundata ft
striata ; apice obtuso, integro.

TUE QUADRANGHLAE DeNTALIUM. Sllell Small, wllito,

cylindrical, longitudinally striated, four-sided at

the apex, thence to the margin rounded ami

striated ; apex obtuse, entire.
So\V£t!i!Y. Proc. Zool. Soc, l.So2. Thes. Conch. Dent.

Sp. 4.S.
Ilab. Xipixapi, West Columbia.

Species 28. (Mus. Brit.)

Dentalium sectuji. i)t«. testa lactea, anguslissimd,
sitbcylindracea, vix arcuatd, politd, versils api:em
tciiiiissme leviter striata; apice ad dorsum
o/j/i<jue scctu.

The rrr I)e.\taliu.\i. Shell white, very narrow, sub-
cylindrical, scarcely curved, polished, very finely
li.L^htly striated near the apex; apex very obliquely
cut on the dorsal side.

Deshayes. ]\Ionograph of Dentalium.

Hab. ?

The fissure is formed by an obU(jue cut, as it were,
across the ape.x.

Species 29. (Mus. Brit.)

Dentalium c.\ncellatl'm. De». testa albd, tnuii, versus
apicem valide arcuatd et aciiminatd, cnstis sex
ad octo acutis laqueatd ; interstitiis transverse
foveolatis, medio et usque ad marginem rotundata,
striata, rectiiisculd ; apice Integra.

The fAXCELL.\TED DENTAUU.M. Shell white, thin,
strongly curved, and acuminated towards tlie
apex, fluted with six to eight sharp ribs, with

transversely pitied interstices, rounded, striated,
rather straight in the middle and towards the
margin ; apex entire.
SowEitisY. Thesaurus Conchyliovum, Dentalium, Sp. 2f<,

f 2G.
Ilah. China.

A shell of very singular .scul]ilure towards the apex.

Species ;iO. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

Dentalium splendidum. Den. testa elongald, ungiista.
politd, mediocriter arcuatd, lente crescenti, medio et
versus marginem lacted, versus apicem rubrd :
apice utrinque Jissurato, fissuris incisis, darsaii
subproductd.

The si'LENdid Dentalum. Shell elongated, narrow,
polished, with a medium curve, slowly increasing,
milk-white in the middle and towards the margin ;
red towards the apex ; apex fissured on each side ;
fis^uires incised, the dorsal one a little produced.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, liS;i2.

Hab. Xipixapi, West Columbia.

The dorsal and ventral slits are not to be Ibund in

every specimen of this interesting shell.

Species 31. (Mus. Brit.)

Dentalium attenuatum. Den. testd arigustissimd,
tenui, Imvigatd, mediocriter arcuatd, versus apicem
rufo-fulvd ; medio et versus marginem lacted : apice
attenuato, acuminata, integro.

The attenuated Dentalium. Shell very narrow, thin,
smooth, with a medium curve, reddish-brown
towards the apex ; milk-white in the middle and
towards the apex ; apex attenuated, acuminated,
entire.

SoWEiUiY. Thesaurus Conchyliurum, Dentalium, Sp. 15,
f 40.

Hab. ?

November. 1872.

DENTALIUM.— Plate V.

Species 32. (Mus. MacAndrew.)

Dentalium filum. Den. testa lineari, tenuissima, svh-
peliucidd, succined, IcBvtgatd, rectihsculd, latitudine
lentissime crescenti ; apice acuniinato, integro.

The thread Dentalium. Shell linear, very thin, sub-
pellucid, amber-coloured, smooth, rather straight,
very slowly increasing in width ; apex acimiinated,
entire.

SowERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Dentalium, Sp.
17, f. 45.

Hah. (4ibraltar, MacAndrnv. Philippines, Cmiiinij.

ipecii

(j\Ius. Brit. J

Species 33. (Mus. Brit.)

Dkntalium fissuka. Den. testd flavido-ruhescenti,
jiolltd, lemii, siibpellucidd, angiisfd, moderate
arcuatd ; apice oblique secto, ad marginem, dnr-
sakm incisione elongatd, nonnunq%iam ad margiucin
ventralem incisione brevifissuratd.

The fissured Dentaliusi. Shell yellowish-red,
polished, thin, rather pellucid, narrow, moderately
curved ; open, obliquely cut, fissured with an
elongated slit on tlie dorsal margin, sometimes
with a short slit on the ventral margin.

Lamarck. Animaux sans vertebres.

Hah. Indian Seas.

Species S4. (Mus. Brit.)

Dentali-um liuatum. Den. testd alba, parvd, redd,
aiigustd, cylindraced, costis longitudinalibus rotiin-
datis cBqvalibus circa duodedm liratd.

The lute-.strixged Dentalium. Shell white, small,
straight, narrow, cylindrical, ridged with about
twelve longitudinal, rounded, equal ribs.

Carpenter. Shells of Mazatlan.

Hab. Mazatlan, United States.

Dentalium (juinquangulatum. Den. testd alhd, parvd,
actiminatd, prvpe apicem valide arcuatd, rapide
crescenti, costis angulatis quinque sculptd, margine
aperturcB perobliquo, latere ventrali producto ; apice
acuto, integro.

The five-angled Dentalium. Shell white, small,
acuminated, strongly arched near the apex,
rapidly increasing, sculptured with five angular
ribs, margin of the aperture very oblique, pro-
duced on the ventral side ; apex acute, entire.

Forbes. Report on the ^Egean Sea.

Hab. ^Egean Sea.

Remarkable for the strong curve near the apex, and
for the peculiarly oblique elongated margin of the
aperture.

aecies 36. (Mu

Jrit.)

Dentalium lobatum. Ben. testd hreci, valide arcuatd,
curtd, latd, Icevi, alhd, vel partim colcrribus pallidis
variegatd ; apice obtuso, truncato, in lobis qiiatuor
diciso.

The lobed Dentalium. Shell short, strongly arched,
short, broad, smooth, white or partly variegated
with pale colours ; ajjex obtuse, truncated, divided
into four lobes.

SowERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Dentalium, Sp.
■UK f. U.

Hab. .'

The habitat of this curious species is not known.
Of the four lobes, into which the apical margin is
divided, the ventral and dorsal ones are slightly
fissured.

Dcntaluuii ri. VI.

M

Vinceu I, Brooks Diy i. Son Imp

D E N T A L I U M.

VI.

Species 37. (Mus. lirit.)

Dentalium l.\cteuji. Den. te/td siMi/aliiii'i, keci,
politd, lacted, lente crefcenii, rectimruld, amjustd ;
apice integro.

The milk-white Dentalium. Shell nitlior liyiiline,
smooth, poli.shed, milk-white, .slowly increasing,
rather curved, narrow ; apex entire.

Deshayes. Monograph of Dentaliiim.

Hub. East Indian Seas.

A very plain shell, narrower than Dinitaliinii entails.

and without any fissure at the a])e.\.

Species 38. (Mus. Hanley.)

Dkniamu.m I'OLiTU.M. Ih'ti. testd pallide fulvd, an;/n.^ld,
'jnidiitii/i cresceiiti, len'ter arcuatA, polita, strii.t
iiicisis vbliquis ntMierosis concentriris cinctd ; Ji.<,<uni
apicttli elongatd.

The roLisHED Dentalium. Shell pale fulvous, narrow,
urradually increasing, slightly arched, polished,
lielted with numerous oblique incised Concentric
stria; ; apical fissure elongated.

LiNXyEus. Systema Natura;.

Deatdliiiiu ehiinieitm, Desh. non Linnajus.

Bab. 1 Fossil in Paris Basin.

Very rare in a recent state. Habitat unknown.

Species 39. (Mus. Brit.)

Dextaliu-M traxslucidum. Dot. te-'itd poliid, .<tint-
pellucidd, temd, angustiusculd, len'ter tinnalii,
pallide succined ; apice subacuminatd, Jis.vini npiculi
dnrsali, iiicisa, elongatissimd.

The translucent Dentalium. Shell polished, semi-
pellucid, thin, rather narrow, slightly curved, pale
amber; apexsubacuminat(.-cl : apical fissure dor.sal,
incised, very long.

Deshayes. JIoi
Dentalium vitra
Hah. West Ind

•alium

.■<pe
Exr

ve,:nts
delude

rert

versus

mar

a p teem

brer

Kntei.i

A 1>

rapid!)
apex ;

inci
then

■10. (Mus. Jeffreys.)

D.ii. testa

hvi-njalu. .<„/;,/,■,
itl e! r„/i,/r ar
r.llwlr,.:) ,- ,„,

XTM.iiM. Shell smooth, soliil

jased and strongly arched tow

r rather straighter and wore c

cal, in the middle and towards the margii

broad, dorsal fissure at the apex short.

Lixx.EUS. Systema Nature.

llah. Mediterranean, Sicily, near the ancient

EnteUa. Newfoundland. Great Britain.

dh,;

(Mus. Brit.J
//. t''xl,'i angustd, politissimd,
siihprHiiridi'i, lente erescenti,
,~ridii. •<(-,■ iiti : rershx viayyinevi
e _fiss,n:tl„: /„,„n} dnrsali

The erect Dextalium. Shell narrow, very polished,
scarcely arched, thin, subpelhicid, slowdy in-
creasing, reddish amber towards the apex, white
towards the margin ; ape.x fissured on both sidi'S ;
dorsal fissure the longer.

SowERliY. Tliesaurus Conchvliorum, Dentalium. Sp. 1.3.

Hah. Sydney.

This almost straight sh'
by the late Mr. Strange.

, 1872.

vas collected

DKNTALIUM.— Plati: V.

Species 42. (Mus. Brit.)
Dentalium cuktu.m. Den. testa brevi, jmllide fah-d,

tenniter striata, valicle arcuatd, rapidu crescenti ;

iijiice attenuato et acuminata ; Jissurd apicali

parvo.
The shout Dentaliuii. Sliell short, pale brown,

finely striated, strongly arched, rapidly increasing;

apex attenuated and acuminated ; apical fissure

small.
SowEUBY. Thesaurus Conchyliurum, Dentaliiim, Sp.
2;i, f. 64.

Species 43. (Mus. Brit.)

Dkntalium aculeatum. Z>eii. tesld alba, validissimi-
arcuatd, rapide crescenti, inoBqualiter striata, versus
apicem attemiatd, acuminata, versus marginem lata ;
aplce intcr/ro.

The Aci'LEATED Dektalium. Shell white, very strongly
curved, rapidly increasing, uneipially striated, at-
tenuated and acuminated towards the apex, broad
Inwards the margin; apex entire.

SowERBv. Thesaurus Conchyliurum, Dentalium, Sp. 22,

f. G;!.
Ilab. ?

Too much curved and unequally striated to be the
young of Dentalium Tarentinum.

Species 44. (Mus. Hanley.)
Dentalium ustuea. Den. testa recta, ungustissimd,

ci/lindricd, alhd, politissiind ; apice integro.
The pipe Dentalium. Shell straight, very narrow,

cylindrical, white, very polished ; apex entire.
SowERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Dentalium, Sp. 15,

Hub. ?

The fossil named Dentalium Duplex hy Deshayes, re-
sembles this, but there are no specific characters by
which to identify it. The double termination or sepa-
ration of the outer from the inner wall of the tube at
the apex, from which the species of Deshayes derives
its name, is not inireijuent in many species.

DniUdiiiin Fl. MI

/

//
/I

Sowe.rby ilel n. bih

AfacenlAooks Civ Sk Sou, Imp

]J E N T A L I U M.

Species 45. (Mus. Brit.)

J")E>,-r.M,RTM INTEItCALATUM. Dl'll. llsU'l alhidi'l, folid'i,

prop'e apicem costis paucis, verms medium et infrd,
aliis intercalatis hupieatn ; valide arcuatd, rapide
rrescenti, ad apertumm tatiuscula.

The ixsedted Destalium. Slu-11 whitish, solid, fiuted
with few ribs near the ajiex and with others inter-
vening towards the middle and below ; much
arched, rapidly increasing, rather broad at the
aperture.

(J„ri.r,. ? MS. in Brit. Mus.

Hah. Hong Kong.

The ribs are few and angular at the apex, as in D.
pievdonfj: iijonnm, and a little way down become more
numerous l:>y the intercalation of intermediates.

The j'l'ititowED Dentaliu.m. Shell pale fulvous, narrow,
strongly arched, solid, slowly increasing, unequally
ridged with ribs, more distant at the sides, and
deep furrows; iipcrtiiii- Miiall.

Gould ? MS. in Urit. Mus.

Ilah. Hong Kong.
I The ribs are closer on the tlor.sal and ventral areas
i than at tlie sides.

Species 4G. (Mus. Hanley.)

Dentai.ium (iUADRAPiCALE. Dl'll. testa alhd, solidi'i,
i-cipidc crescenti, prope apicem costis quatuor
aiiffidatd, medio iisgiie ad marginem costellis nin/ie-
i-nsis striata, aperhird oblique ovatd.

The sqi-ar' -topped Dentaliuji. Shell white, solid,
rapidly increasing, angidated near the apex with
tour ribs, striated from the middle to the aperture
with niuuerous riblets ; aperture obliquely ovate.

Hanlet. Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchylionun, Denta-
lium, Sp. 4f;, f CI.

Hub. Cochin, Malabar.

Species 47. (Mus. Brit.)

TALIUM l'oi;CATL-M. Den. tcstd pal/idr fulcd, an-
'ji't^td, va/ide urciifitd, mlidd, leiile crescenti,
iucBqualiter costis ad hdent maijis distantihiis
liraid, interstitiisqiii profhiidin : aperlurd jiarvn.

I

Species 48. (Mus. MacAndrew.)
i Dentalium minutum. Den. testa minutd, tenui, atbd,
semipeUucidd, Uevigatd, valide arcuatd, lente cres-
centi , apice truncato, hilobato.
TuE MINUTE Dentahum. Shell very small, thin, white,
semipellucid, smooth, strongly curved, slowly
increasing ; apex truncated, bilobed.

H. Adams. ? MS. Brit. Mus.

Hab. Gulf of Suez. Collected by R. Andrews, Esq.

Much resembling Dentalium lobatum, Sowb., but
with the apex divided into two instead of four lobes.

Species 40. (Mus. Brit.)

Dentalium hvalinum. Den. testa angiistd,politd, alba,
pellucidd, mediocriter arcuatd, gradatim crescenti ;
apice ad maryinem dorsalem Jissurd subelongatd
inciM, ad maryinem veutralem breviter Jissurato,
laterum margiiiibus lobatis rotundis.

The hyaline Dentalium. Shell narrow, polished,
white, pellucid, moderately arched, gradually
increa.sing ; apex incised at the dorsal margin
witli ;i rather elongated fissure, shortly fissured at
the ventral margin, margins of the sides lobed,
rounded.

Leach ? MS. Brit. Mus.

Hab. ?

November, 187

DENTALIUM.— Plate VII.

Like DentaUum translucidum, but hyaline white.
The dorsal fissure, although rather long, is not nearly
so long as in that species. DentaUum lacteum, which
would otherwise pass for the present species, is not
fissured. In DentaUum Uihricatwm also the apex is
entire.

Species 50. (Mus. Brit.)
Dentalium buccinulum. Den. testd albidd, graeiUimd,

rectifisculA, lente cvescenti, submquaUter longitudi-

iiaUte.r striata ; apice integro.
The little tuumpet Dentalium. Shell white, very

narrow, rather straight, slowly increasing, rather

equally longitudinally striated ; apex entire.

Gould ? MS. in Brit. Mus.

Ifnb. Hong Kong.

Species .51. (Mus. Cuming in Brit.)

Dentalium inversuii. Den. testa teniii, graciU,
Icevigatd, moderate arcuatd, gradatim crescenti,
2)rope apicem rubra, versus marginem apertura
albi'i ; apice attenuato, acuminato, ad laterem veu-
tralem jissura longiiisculd inciso.

The inverse Dentalium. Shell thin, slender, smooth,
moderately arched, gradually increased, red near
the apex, white towards the margin of the aper-
ture; apex attenuated, acuminated, incised with a
rather long fissure on the ventral side.

Deshayes. Sowerby's Thesaiirus Conchyliorum, Den-
talium, Sp. 14, f" 4-2.

H„b. ?

This species is siiigiilar in possessing a slit on the

ventral or inner side of the curve.

Species 52. (Mus. Brit.)

Dentalium aciculum. Den. testd albd, subnyUndncd,
teiiviter annulatd, politd, gradatim crescenti, U-riter
cirrnatd, tenui : apice snbtruncato, integro.

The wheat-ear Dentalium. Shell white,, subcylin-
drical, finely annulated, polished, gradunlly in-
creasing, slightly arched, thin ; ajiex truncated,
entire.

(i.iULii ? .MS. Brit. Mus.

Ilah. HoUL' Knll.r.

The slight sort of annulated structure observable
tliis shell gives it a very piretty appearance.

Species 53. (Mus. Brit.)

Dentalium nebulosum. Den. testd poUtd, angustd,
tenui, albd, vaUde arcuatd, fasciis acute angidatis
peUucidis verms apicem variegntd ; Ji,<isurd upicaU
laterali.

The clouded Dentalium. Shell ])olished, narrow, thin,
white, strongly arched, variegated near the apex
with acutely angular pellucid bands; apical fissure
lateral.

Deshayes. Monograph of Dentalium.

Hab. Indian Seas.

The incision of the apex in this species is lateral

instead of dorsal as usual, or ventral as in DentaUvm

inversinn.

Species 54. (Mus. Brit.)

Dentalium pretiosusi. Den. testd albd. soUdd, Icevigatd,
leviter arcuatd, gradatim crescenti, prope apicem
rubra, angustiuscidd ; Jissnrd apicaU parvd.

The precious Dentalium. Shell white, solid, smooth,
slightly arched, gradually increased, red near the
apex, rather narrow, ajiical fissure small.

NUTTALL. IMS.

Dentalium strialatum, Stinipson.
Hab. Slassachusetts ; California, ifec.

It is of slower increase in circumference, less curved
and more cylindrical than Dentalium entale.

Species 55. (Mus. Brit.)
Dentalium lubuicatum. Den testd elongatd,
rectiusculd, angustd, tenuiusculd, Icevigatd,
crescenti; apice integro.
The lubricated Dentaliusi. Shell elongated,
rather straight, narrow, rather thin, smooth,
increasing; apex entire.
SowERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Dentalium,

f. 5G.
Hab. Australia.

A larger shell tlian D, iitalium jiretiosum or D.
narrower, more cylindrical than either of them.

albd,
lente

slowly

D E N T A L I U M.

, Plate.

a.ciculnm, Ooiild \U.

aculeatiim, Soiverbtj M-

album, Turton I ^ •

aiiiiulatum, Sowerby 11 1 ■

aprinum, Linnteus I-

arctiatum, GmcVin I-

aUeniiatnm, Sowerby V.

Belcheri, Soicerbi/ I-

bisexangiilatum, (Sort'c/'iy HI-

buccinulum, Gould VII.

cancellatum, Soiverbt/ V.

curtum, Sowerby VI.

dentale, Lhnceus HI.

dis-par, Sowerhi/ IV.

eh-aineum, Linnceus HI.

eburneum, Desbayes VI.

eburneum, Turton IV.

elephantinum, Linnceus I.

entalis, Linnceus VI.

erectum, Sowerby VI.

filum, Sowerby V.

fi ssura, iawarci V.

fistula, Sowerby VI.

formosum, Adams & L'eere II.

hexagonum, Gould II.

hyalinum, Zeat'/i VII.

I ndicmn, Chemmtz III.

intercalatum, Gould VII.

interstriatum, Sowerby II.

inversum, Deshayrs \' 1 1 .

3 -.w amxm, Suwcrby HI.

I'Minuw, Dcshay,.< VI.

Lessoni, 7>.v/(aycx IV.

liratum, Carpcnlir V.

lobatuni, Sowo-b;/ ,., V.

longitrorsum, Hccn- II.

lubricatum, i'oK'i/Vy/ VII.

minutmn, II. A ihinis VII.

nehulosiun, Beshayes VII.

novemcostatuiu, Z((W((n7c- HI.

octogonum, Z«;//(//'i7i- II.

Philippinarum, Smrcrby III.

politiim, Deshayes (nun Linn.) ... II.

|>(ilituni, Z/ftttOiMs VI.

l)i)ir;it,um, Gould VII.

pvetiosum, i\"i(//'(// VII.

p.seuJosexagonum, />(.s'/((/y<,'S IV.

qurtdrapicare, 7/.'"/.-'// VII.

(|na(li'augulure, 6'o(r(';7/// V.

quini[iiangulatiiui, 7''(i/'it.< V.

rectum, Gnu'lin I-

rubeseens, Deshayes IV.

sectuni, Dishaiics V.

.emipulin.n,,N-.r-r/,v III.

sexcostatiiiii, Smr, r/'y 11.

Tarentinuni, Lamarck HI-

tetragoniim, Soirerby IV.

translucidum, Deshayes VI.

varialjilc, Z>M/(n^//<.-«- IV.

Venu-di, Ilanley I.

Zelandicuni, Soir.rhy II.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GEi\U>

C 0 R B I S,

" Infinite strength and equal skill
Shine through Thy works abroad.
Our souls with vast amazement fill,
And speak the builder God."' — Wnffx.

Crr/H.sfl [

H^-

I

^•^«^-

Sowerby (iel ri l.iih

v'lrjcciiL liroc'te.Day i Sou Imp.

C 0 R B I S.

Genus CORBIS, Cuvier.

Testa transverse ovata, cequivalvis, crassa ; cancellatim
snilpta. Cardo ■utrinqiie valva dentihus diiobi/s
' medinnis, et duohus lateraJihus, antiro s>tbapprnxi-
niato, postico distanlt. CartUago lifjamentifera
svbextema. ImpressionesmuscularesdvcB; impressio
pallii simplex.

Shell trausveTselj ovate, eqiuvalve, tliick, -with a can-
oi'llated sculpture. Hinge in each valve with two
central teeth and two lateral, the anterior near,
the posterior remote. Muscular impressions two ;
impressions of the mantle simple.

This genus, of which we know only two species, is
allied by the character of the hinge to the " Td/inidee,"
but Viy general form and structure to the ^^ Veneridce."
Both species are products of

Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)

Connis FIMBRIATA. Cor. testa alba, iioiimnirjvam ad
latera ]iaUide sxihrosea, crassa, riigosd; costis inceqiia-
lihi/s iiiihrii-atig ct striis interstitialibus radiantibns,
el mill's traiisversis mbeoncentricis, vndidatis, can-
eellata : ii/tus alba, cardine sape aurantio mbroque
pallid'- tiiieta ; margine denliculato ; umbonibus
snbrentralibvs.

The kimbiu.\ted Cordis. Shell white, sometimes pale
rose at the sides, thick, rugose ; cancellated with
unequal imbricated ribs and interstitial radiating
striffi, and transverse subconcentric, undulated
wTinkles; white within; hinge often slightly
tinged with orange and red ; margin denticulated,
umboes subcentral.

LiNN^us. Systema Naturse.
Corbis elegans, Deshayes (var.).
Hab. Indian seas.

The sculpture is coarser in the earlier portion of the
shell's growth than it becomes after the shell attains a
more mature development, when towards the ventral
margin the radiating ribs almost die out, and the trans-
verse wrinkles become finer and closer. In some
specimens the coarser sculpture is continued over a
larger portion of the surface than in others. When
this is the case, the name of Corbis elegans would be
applied to the variety so caused. It is, however, so
entirely a question of degree that it is impossible to
divide any extensive series of specimens into the two
species.

Species 2. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming in Brit.)
CoRMs SowEiUiYi. Cor. testa ventricosd, albidd. liris
la?miiatis extantibus concentricis, subcequidista/itibiis
atUice laqueatis, et striis inter liras radhtntilnis
ornatd, intus subaureo ; estate juniori compressii,
rosea radiatini fasciatd.
Sowerbt's CoitBis. Shell veutricose, whitish, orna-
mented with laminated, standing out concentric
ridges fluted in front and striae radiating between
the ridges ; within a little orange ; in the young

banded with

colour

rays

Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1841.
Hab. Indian seas.

In its young state, compressed and rayed, this shell
bears a very strong resemblance to a fossil Corbis in
the Paris basin.

November, 1872.