= Fe yy 7S Ly Da 00. a 7 ee ph Diy or ad 0 Wp AE Sy at ni ‘! wn f Wa 4 % pas, Es ON i) i (hy wit fy We ¥ is —— Vol. I. No. 1. This is the first issue of ‘‘ THE CONCHOLOGIST’S EXCHANGE.” As encouragement is received it will assume the form of a printed sheet with columns for “Exchanges in Mollusca,” ‘* New Localities,” “Answers to Correspondents,’ &c. This, our first number, has been sent to 500 Conchologists. Subscription price, 25 cents per annum, post paid. Exchanges of 20 words, Io cents; for each additional 10 words the charge will be 5 cents. The Conchologist’s Exchange will be issued semi-monthly, and wiil endeavour to become a cheap _and useful medium for the exchange of those most beauti- tiful productions of nature—‘ The Mollusks.”’ EXCHANGES FOR MOLLUSCA ONLY. CY PRA erosa, L. lynx, L. HELIX albolabris, Say. alter- CERITHIUM, maculosum, nata, Say. clausa, Say. Kien. eburneum Brug. elevata, Say. fallax, Say. CYCLOSTOMA sulcatum, Lam.| hirsuta, Say. inflecta, Say. elegans Mull. solitaria, Say. | monodon. LYMN EA zebra Tryon. Rackett. Sayii. Binney. STROMBINA bicanalifera Sby.| Pupa armifera, Say. corticaria, Fissurella volcano, Rve. Col-| Say. Fallax, Say. Unio elegans umbella fulgurans Lam. Lea; lachrymosus, Lea; parvus, Prof. D. S. SHELDON, Barnes Davenport, Ia EDWARD A. ENOS, Connersville, Indiana. SUCCINEA putris L. HELIX arbustorum L. NASSA fossata Gld. ‘« nemoralis L Purpura saxicola Val. «« ericetorum, Mull. Amycla gausapata Gas. ‘* rotundato, Mull. Adula falcata Gld. ‘« —lapicida L. cellaria Mull | Acmza spectrum Esch. Pupa muscorum, L. scabra, Nutt. pelta, Esch. Cionella subcylindriea, Hipponyx cranioides, Carp. E LEHNERT, G. W. PUTERBAUGH, | Washington, D. C, Greenfield, Indiana. GONIOBASIS simplex, Say. : 4 carinifera, Lam. bella, Con. American and Foreign perangulata, Con. eee sorgida Lea symmetrica, Hald Unionidae for exchange. 2benum, Lea Send for list. Melantho subsolida Anth. Pg Unio-rubiginosus Lea. pustulosus Lea., gracilis, Barnes} No responsibility will be as- W. A. MARSH, sumed for the standing of the Aledo, Illinois./above parties. Address, WILLIAM D. AVERELL, Proprietor, CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA. Vol. I, No. 1. This is the first issue of ‘THE CONCHOLOGIST’s EXCHANGE.” As encouragement is received it will assume the form of a printed sheet with columns for “ Exchanges in Mollusca,” ‘‘ New Localities,” “Answers to Correspondents,” &c. This, our first number, has been sent to 500 Conchologists. Subscription price, 25 cents per annum, post paid. Exchanges of 20 words, 10 cents; for each additional 10 words the charge will be 5 cents. The Conchologist’s Exchange will be issued semi-monthly, and will endeavour to become a cheap and useful medium for the exchange of those most beauti- tiful productions of nature—‘ The Mollusks.”’ EXCHANGES FOR CYPREA erosa, L. lynx, L. CERITHIUM, maculosum, Kien. eburneum Brug. CYCLOSTGMA sulcatum, Lam. elegans Mull. LYMNA zebra Tryon. STROMBINA bicanaliferay Sby. Fissurella volcano. Rve. Col- umbeila fulgurans Lam. Prof. D. S. SHELDON, Davenport, Ta SUCCINEA putris L, HELIX arbustorum L. ‘* nemoralis L ericetorum, Mull. “* rotundato, Mull. «« ~\apicida L, cellaria Mull Pupa muscorum, L. Cionella subcylindriea. E LEHNERT, Washington, D.C. GONIOBASIS simplex, Say. carinifera, Lam. bella, Con. perangulata, Con. sordida Lea symmetrica, Hald ebenum, Lea Melantho subsolida Anth, Unio-rubiginosus Lea. pustulosus Lea., gracilis, Barnes W. A: MARSH, MOLLUSCA ONLY. HELIX albolabris, Say. alter- nata, Say. clausa, Say. elevata, Say. fallax, Say. hirsuta, Say. inflecta, Say. solitaria, Say. monodon. Rackett. Sayii. Binney. Pupa armifera, Say. corticaria, Say. Fallax, Say. Unio elegans Lea; lachrymosus, Lea; parvus, Barnes EDWARD A. ENOS, Connersville, Indiana. NASSA fossata Gld. Purpura saxicola Val. Amycia gausapata Gas. Adula falcata Gld. Acmeza spectrum Esch. scabra, Nutt. pelta, Esch. Hipponyx cranioides, Carp. G. W. PUTERBAUGH, Greenfield, Indiana. American and Foreign Unionidae for exchange. Send for list. No responsibility will be as- sumed for the standing of the Aledo, [llinois.|above parties. ae. WILLIAM D. AVERELL, Proprietor, CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA. Uivision >! Mollusks Sectional Library haf Wao. Halk, he Conchologists Frebange. Vo.. I. CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., AUGUST, 1886. No. 2. A PUBLICATION DESIGNED FOR CONCHOLO- GISTS AND THEIR INTERESTS. COPYRIGHT APPLIED FOR, WM. D. AVERELL, EDITOR AND PUBLISHER. Printed by JoHn C. Clark & Sons, Stationers and Printers, 228 and 230 Dock Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as relia- ble items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all. Matter for publication must be received by the 1oth of each month. TERMS: Subscription per Year, - - - - To Foreign Countries, - - - . 3 Single Copies, 3 Cents Each. CLUB RATES: 25 Cents. “e 3 Copies One Year, - - - $ .60 5 “e “e “e =e ee .90 ro SO: RAaGe Fi - - - 1.65 20 ce “e “e = * 3 oo Remittances should be sent by Money Order, Postal Note or by Registered Letter. Please make Bank Drafts and Money Orders, and address all subscrip- tions and correspondence to WM. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A. Advertising Rates given on application. SALUTATORY. It is customary to salute patrons in the first issue of a periodical, but as our space was limited to one side of a postal card we were necessarily cramped for room, and could not say all we desired. The encouragement we prayed for has been received, friends have wished us success, and better still, they have sent their subscriptions. We shall endeavour to be concise and plain in language, confining our attention to the science of Conchology and giving information of vital interest to the stu- dent of Mollusca. As an earnest of our good intentions in this respect we refer you to the columns reserved for Exchanges, by the use of which we trust your cabinet and libraries may be rendered more attractive and valu- able. As improvements become advisable we shall adopt them thinking ourselves well re- paid if by the kindly intercourse thereby en- gendered we spread the seed of knowledge which will be enjoyed afterward in the ripened state, at the mutual harvest home. CHANGE OF ISSUE. We intended at the inception of our enter- prise to issue our paper semi-monthly, but upon sober second thought, backed by the advice of friends, we have made a monthly issue of it. Among other reasons urged for the alteration is that exchangers, especially foreigners, (and it is our ardent desire to bring Conchologists of all nations into the most happy relations), will not have time to correspond before the ex- changes are altered or disposed of nearer home. This reason was conclusive; hence we must ask our patrons to excuse us for the change. The price, which is merely nominal will re- main the same. ; EDITORIAL. What a fascinating study is Conchology. Take a perfect shell. Its globule ready-fused by the hand of the Maker is before you; its face-marks are plain and _ distinguishable. Days need not be spent in determining its family. A novice finding several species of Murex upon the sea shore may readily see the family resemblance by the varices, more or less depressed upon the whorls; and by the straight anterior canal. And so with other families “ad infinitum,” each having a dis- tinctive character. The determination of NECROLOGY. Our friends will confer a favor by sending us reliable information of the demise of Con- chologists; short notices of whose decease we will insert here, free of charge. Sheldon, Daniel Sylvester, A. M., L. L. D., Prof. Griswold College, Davenport, Iowa. | Vi OLLUSCA Born December, 1808. Died, 5th June, 1886. AGENCY HOR), LEE SALE OF OOS "Structural and Systematic Conchology,” “Tryon s Manual of Sonchology" Edited and Published by Prof. GEO. W. TRYON, Jr, Circulars giving full particulars of these standard works may be had by sending a 2 cent postage stamp to WM. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Send for PRICE-EIST For Sale by WM. D. AVERELE, CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. Our stock has been care- fully selected, named and | located. We are also prepared to furnish labels and cards for mounting shells in styles to suit, at very reasonable prices. COPYRIGHT SECURED. Che Conchologists Exchange, WOMEN Es CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., SEPTEMBER, 1886. INO Bs A PUBLICATION DESIGNED FOR CONCHOLO- GISTS AND THEIR INTERESTS. WM. D. AVERELL, EDITOR AND PUBLISHER. Printed by Joun C. Crark & Sows, Stationers and Printers, 228 and 230 Dock Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as relia- ble items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all. Matter for publication must be received by the 15th of each month. TERMS: Subscription per Year, - - - - 25 Cents. To Foreign Countries, -' - 3 oC Single Copies, 3 Cents Each. CLUB RATES: 3 Copies One Year, - - - § .60 “ef « “ce - - - «go Be ry « e Be ee en I bs 20 c ce ce e - 3 00 Remittances should be sent by Money Order, Postal Note or by Registered Letter. Please make Bank Drafts and Money Orders, and address all subscrip- tions and correspondence to WM. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A. Advertising Rates given on application. EDITORIAL. Mr, Bryant Walker of Detroit, Mich. writes in regard to the reception of his circular of September, 1885, which was issued for the purpose of securing information about the _ distribution throughout the United States and ~ Canada, of all the species of land and fresh- water mollusks common to Great Britain and North America, including also such species as are closely allied if not identical with corre- sponding British forms :— A large number of replies were received and forwarded to Mr. Taylor, (Editor of the Journal of Conchology, Leeds, England, Ed.), which covered the ground quite satisfactorily. The extreme points from which information was received being Massachusetts and Florida on the east; and Washington Territory and California on the west. The greatest lack however was in reference to the Gulf States. Mr. Taylor’s Monograph has not yet been published. Any further information would be very acceptable. I'shall be glad to send a copy of my circular to any one who would be willing to aid Mr. Taylor.” We wish Mr. Walker the greatest success in his laudable efforts in aid of Mr. Taylor’s project, and we hope that those of our readers who can send or influence the information lacking from the Gulf States, will do so at the earliest possible moment. So many kind letters have been received by us from friends all over the Country testifying to the good fortune “THE CoNCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE” has brought to their doors, that we have reluctantly abandoned the idea we first had of publishing a number of the letters | received, as the kind wishes expressed would fill the paper. Some have closed out all their | duplicates; others have made fewer exchanges, but write us they have made valuable, and we trust lasting friendships. This is very encour- aging to us, and we talee this opportuniiy of thanking you one and all for your many favors and trust you may not only support our little paper but induce your friends to do the same. No late works have been received with more general satisfaction than have ‘ Structural and Systematic Conchology”’ and ‘* Manual of Conchology,’’ edited and published by Prof. Geo. W. Tryon, Jr. The call at present is for works describing the latest developements of Science and the idea is realized in these stand- ard works. Students of all degrees of fortune have had their needs considered as the former work has been issued in four editions and the latter in three; the cheaper editions of both works bring them within the means of all students of nature. It is unwise, not to say careless to pass by shells upon collecting tours without a thorough examination. We have one valve of Unio circulus, Lea, which has the usual modest epidermis of its species; while the beautiful coloring of its nacre suggests the hues of an autumnal sunset. A former owner aptly labelled it ‘‘a poor specimen outside, but one of a thousand within.” Professor Forel discovered that specimens of Limnzea found in the deep waters of the Swiss lakes had their pulmonary sacs filled with water instead of air. Another curious fact commented upon was that when the animal was exposed to the atmosphere the normal method of respiration was resumed without any appearance of suffering whatever. Why do you keep that box of duplicates lying there in the dust, when it should be far on its way towards helping your fellow student in his researches? He has something in his cabinet that-you may have in trade for the asking, while that box is fast becoming a fossil right in your sight, and its contents are doing neither your friends nor you any good. What with the constant Work of the Steamer ‘“‘Blake” and others of the United States Coast Survey, and the many new forms being discovered by Profesgpr Verrill and his com- patriots it can scarcely be said that our nation is behindhand in the march of scientific progress. i Your attention is respectfully called to L. G. Kiener’s rare and very valuable work pub- lished in another column. This is the chance of a life-time and is well worth the money. A new Mitra has been discovered by Pro- fessor Dall. ae The Faunatic dependence of the Mediterranean upon the Atlantic. The voyage of the Krench despatch boat “ Travailleur”’ in 1880 and 1881 was the means of deciding conclusively the absolute depen- dence of the Mediterranean Sea upon the Atlantic Ocean for its fauna. The Mediterra- nean at the depth of 2600 metres was often found to have a muddy bottom covered in many places with large quantities of pelagic mollusks such as Hyalea, Carinaria, etc. Not finding the conditions necessary for the high development of animal life the ‘* Travailleur” sailed westward and when outside the Straits of Gibraltar the character of the sea bed was found to have entirely changed. Pebbly, sandy and rocky areas were encountered which brought with them a gratifying increase in the animal life yielded by the dredges. Accord- ing to Prof. A. Milne Edwards who accom- panied the expedition the more the Mediterra- nean forms are studied the more it becomes evident that its species can be found in the Atlantic. The similarity of species was es- pecially noticeable upon the coasts of Portugal, Morocco and Senegal; many forms being found which were considered indigenous to the Mediterranean coasts, while on the latter numerous species were encountered which were believed to be peculiar to the Atlantic, which has proved that the fauna of the Med- iterranean Sea had its origin in the Atlantic Ocean by way of the Straits of Gibraltar. —From The work of the “ Travailleur” in Americon Naturalist, Jan., 1883. A Word to our Younger Friends, It has not been so very long since our entire collection consisted of a conch or two from the sea-shore and a few mussels from the river near us. Common names, but dear to us, as were the shells. We heartily sympathize with youin your early struggles and disappointments and advise you not to give up in despair because your first essay has had a frown for its reward; or your first exchange advertisement received but one answer. Visit the sea, the streams and the woods and wherever you may be able to find nature’s tributes, tributes which will be so much ammunition for the long winter’s battles. We will try not to be slighted if you do not use either our “Price List” or “ Ex- change column” but you can certainly afford to subscribe to our little paper if for nothing else than to see and hear how the other bees are hiving. We cordially invjte you to ask us questions and we will give you any infor- mation we possess. In conclusion we beg of you not to be dismayed if you see your ex- changes in the company of more advanced collectors. They certainly will have patience with you when they think of their own early struggles for recognition and reward. Arion subfuscus and Helix hispida var. | fusca in Yorkshire. On June 2d, 1886, I found three specimens of Arion subfuscus, Drap. in a Garden at Lofthouse. The species is well marked being of an orange-brown color the shield some- what brighter and clearer than the other parts. It is larger than a hortensis and it is surprising that the species has been so long overlooked. As it is apparently not rare it must have been taken for a yellow variety of A. hortensis. I sent the three specimens to Mr. Cockerell of Chiswick, who identified them for me. To- gether with a few other slugs and shells I sent a few specimens of Helix hispida which Mr. Cockerell states are Mencke’s variety fusca, well known on the Continent but which does not appear to be recognized in the British Isles —George Roberts, |.ofthouse, Wakefield, in “ Zoologist”” for August, ’86. EXCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA. Exchanges which are merely indirect offers of articles for money will not be accepted. We will not hold ourselves responsible for any mistakes or disappointments occurring because of bad faith on the part of any of our exchangers. Terms which must be cash with order, are as follows:—Exchanges of 20 words including address, 10 cents; for each additional 10 words the charge will be 5 cents. No ex- change will be inserted for less than Io cents. ZONITES nitidus, Miill. B , volvoxis, Parr , elevatum, Say, multilineata, Say, exoleta, Binn. , thyroides, Say, Leaii, Ward, pulchella, Miill. Succinea, ovalis, Gld,, avara, Say. Limneza Helix Mooreana, W. G. palustris, Miill, Physa gyrina, Say, Forsheyi, Lea. Bulinus hypnorum, L. Segmentina armigera, Say. Melantho obesa, Lewis. Pleurocera subulare, Lea. Goniobasis livescens, Mke., carinifera, Lam., comalen- sis, Pilsbry. Unio subovatus, Lea. Anodonta ovata, Lea. JEROME TROMBLEY, Petersburg, Mich. OFFERED :—Unio Buckleyi, Lea, hebes, Lea, fuscatus, Lea. Strophia incana, Say. Oliva literata, Lam. Lucina floridana, Con, Modiola sulcata, Lam. 50 species Florida shells. Wanted :—Monoceros grande, Gray. Turbinella pyrum L. Nassa grandiosa, Hds. Polygyra avara, Say, pustuloides, Bld. Tri- odopsis Hopetonensis, Shutt. Unio Kleinianus, Lea. Neptunea antiqua, L; Pisania pusio, L. Oliva Brazil- iana, L. Admete viridula, Fab. Conus figulinus, L., ammiralis, L., augur, Hwass. Malea ringens, Swn. CHAS. T. SIMPSON, Ogalalla, Neb. HAVING made several collecting tours to the West Indies, I have a goodly number of both marine and land shells for exchange. I can also furnish fine spec- imens of Unio Canadensis, Lea , which are found in this region. Address J. J. BROWN, M. D., Sheboygan, Wis. FIFTY species Ohio Unionidz and thirty species Ohio Helicide for species from South and West. Pror. E. T. NELSON, Delaware, O. OFFERED :—Liberal exchanges of Cape shells for specimens of Marine and Fresh-water shells from all parts of the world. MARY GLANVILLE, Grahamstown, So. Africa. WANTED :—From different localities, species of Goniobasis, Pleurocera and other genera of the Family Strepomatide, for comparison and study. Will ex- change other shells for them, either Land, Fresh-water or Marine. A. A. HINKLEY, DuBois, Washington Co., Ills. SWISS Land and Fresh-water shells offered in ex- change for British species. Dr. RUDOLPH HAEUSLER, 128 Kensington Park Road, London, W. OFFERED :—Unio heterodon ; Margaritana undu- lata; Pisidium Adamsii, Virginicum, compressum ; Spherium securis, occidentale, Novi eboraci; Vertigo ovata and others. BYRON P. RUGGLES, Hartland, Vt. MICHIGAN shells to exchange for Land and Fresh- water species from other localities. BRYANT WALKER, Moffat Building, Detroit, Mich. OFFERED—Goniobasis comalensis, pleurostriatus ; Helix auriformis, texasiana, febigeri, mooreana, ber- landieriana, espiloca; Helicina tropica, occulta; Buli- mulus schiedianus,; mooreanus ; Gundlachia, Pyrgulop- sis, for fresh water shells. H. A. PILSBRY, Davenport, Iowa. Miscelianeous Exchanges for Mollusca. Tertiary and other fossils from Southern States and Europe ; 50 species of Bird’s Eggs; and 60 pounds of Minerals consisting of Amethyst on Agate; Agates rough and polished; Pyromorphite; Native Copper ; Zinc blende; Galena; rare Iron Ores &c., &c., for strictly fine and correctly named Mollusca from South and Central America, Asia, Africa and Australia. Address W. D AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Philada., Pa. BOOK EXCHANGE. [OPEN TO ALL SCIENTISTS. | OFFERED—Ohio Geological Reports for Penna. Geological Reports. Also, Powell’s 2d Annual Geo- logical Report for the 3d or sth. Prof. E. T. NELSON, Delaware, Ohio. OFFERED —Kirby’s Butterflies-anad Moths, new, bound, for exchange. Wanted—Cooke’s ‘‘ Handbook of British Fungi; ’’ “‘ Rust, Smut, Mildew and Mould,”’ or any other good works. ARTHUR DOWNES, Combe Raleigh, Honiton, Devon, Eng. FOR EXCHANGE—“ Knowledge,’’ Annals Natural History and Midland Naturalist from April to August. TOE UL PiEY, 17 Brazenose:st.,) © > Manchester, Eng. OFFERED—Woodward’s ‘‘ Manual of the Mol- lusca’’ and Scientific Recreation. Wanted—Geologi- cal Works. GEO. E. EAST, JR., 10 Basinghall St., London, E. C. OFFERED—Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca ‘75 Edition; Leidy’s Memoir of the Extinct Sloth Tribe, N. A.; Lea’s Syn. of Family of Naiades, ’52 edtn.; Hayes’ Descrip. Inf. Max’y. Bones of Masto- dons, 1o plates; Agassiz & Gould’s. Comp. Physi- ology, Bohn’s edt’n; Coultas, Prin. Botany, Crypto- gamia; Lea’s On a Fossil Saurian of the New Red Sandstone Formt’n.; Leidy’s Geol sketch of Est. & Fr. Water deposit of Judith R. &c., prest’n copy; Meigs’ Obs. Rep. Organs of Dolphin; Lesquereux’s Cretaceous Flora, 30 plates. Smith’n Mis. Col. Vol. 4, Neuroptera, Vol. 6, Diptera and Caleoptera 3 pp. out. WANTED—Eirst 3 vols. Lea’s Obs. Genus. Unio; Say’s American Conchology; Goulds Invertebrata of Mass.; Kiener’s plates of Shells; Carpenter’s works ; Tryon’s Monog. Terr. Moll. of U. S.; Sowerby’s Conch. Manual and Plates; or effers in works on Conchology. W. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hiil, Phila. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. [OPEN TO ALL SUBSCRIBERS. | Amateur :—Helicina subtropica is not de- scribed in W. G. Binney’s * Land and Fresh- water Shells of North America,” and it there- fore looks as though your specimens were of misnamed. It may be H. tropica Jan which is synonymous with H. orbiculata, Say. Habitat, Texas to Georgia, Tennessee to Florida. B. P. R.—Limnzea gracilis Jay, was dis- covered by Prof. Emmons in Lake Champlain. Dr. J. Lewis also found it in Schuyler’s Lake, N. Y. The color and form of this shell would indicate its preference for clear, deep water. T. S. H. New Orleans, La.—Linnzeus was knighted. by the King of Sweden in 1757, as a reward for an invention of his by which the fresh-water pearl mussel was made to produce its pearls artificially. Inquirer, Hartford, Ct—You are correct. Unio Cunninghami was found in the lakes of Sumter Co., Fla.; but it received its name from Prof. Berlin H. Wright. C. T. S.—Try a weak solution of some colorless acid taking care to apply it only to the parts of the sl.ell needing removal. Will inquire further. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. 1. “The Tertiary Fauna of Newton and Wautubbee, Miss ’’ by Otto Meyer and T. H. Aldrich. 2. ‘Catalogue of Uniones in the cabinets of W. W. Calkins,” (now the prop- erty of T. H. Aldrich), from T. H. Aldrich, Cincinnati, Ohio. “List of Shell-bearing Mollusca of Mich- igan,”’ by W. H. DeCamp, M. D., from the “ Kent Scientific Institute.” “The Shells of Pettis County, Mo.,”’ by F. A. Sampson, Sedalia, Mo., from the author. Lists of ‘ Hygrophila and Thalassophila”’ *Unionide and Cyrenidz”’ in the collection of J. J. Brown, M. D., Sheboygan, Wis. NECROLOGY. Captain D. H. Murdoch, U. S. A., an enthusiastic student of nature was drowned in the Grand River, Utah, on June 6th, 1886, STRIE. Our friend, Dr. 'J. J. Brown of Sheboygan, Wis., having travelled very extensively in the | West Indies, Honduras, Florida, etc,, kindly promises to write an article describing his travels there which we hope to publish shortly. Prof. R. P. Whitfield has edited a valuable work in his “‘ Brachiopoda and Lamellibranch- iata of the Raritan Clays and Greensand marls of New Jersey;’’ lately published by the Government Printing Office. Charles Townsend of the Smithsonian In- stitution will sail early in October for British Honduras, to study the Natural History of that country. Dr. S. H. Wright and Son of Penn Yan, N. Y., will visit Florida in October and expect to spend six months there collecting. Correction:—Rev. A. B. Kendig’s address is 35 Dale St., Boston, and not 5 Hanover St., Lynn, Mass., as printed in last issue. KIE NER. 10 Volumes of Kiener’s “Iconographie des Coquilles Vivantes”’ for sale. Bound in % Morocco; gilt top; large 8vo.; Genre Cone Calcar, Troche, Xenophora, Tectarius. Columbella, Buccin, Eburne, Struthiolaire, Vis, (Terebra). follows: Ranella. Mitre, Volute, Marginelle. Cerite, Pleurotome, Fuseau. uncut; new; Paris. Pyrula, Fasciolaire, Turbinelle, Cancellaire. cere, Strombe, Porcelaine, (Cypreea), Ovule, Tariere (Terrebellum) Ancillaire. Casque (Cassis), Tonne (Dolium), Harpe, Pourpre. Bound in 10 volumes as Rocher, (Murex) Triton, Rostellaire, Ptero- Cassidaire, Turritelle, Scalaire, Cadran, (Solarium), Roulette, (Rotella), Dauphinule (Delphinula), Turbo, Phasianella, Troque. Price for 10. Volumes, $190. This rare and valuable work cannot be sent on approval, but may be seen here at any time, Tryon’s Structural and Systematic Contchology and Manual of Conchology. Circulars giving full particulars of these standard works sent on application. SPECIAL NOTICE :—A limited number of second-hand copies of the cheap edition of Structural and Systematic Conchology will be sold at $5.00, post, paid. Issued new at $8.00. Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca, 642 pp., 23 pl., 441 figs., 270 illus. London, 1880 edition. Price $2.60, post-paid. Price-List of Mollusca. Our new Price-List of Mollusca will be sent to any address on application. Stock carefully selected, named and located. ; Labels and Mounting Cards. For Shells, printed in the latest styles at reasonable prices. Address. WM. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Alphabetical List of Shells received since the issue of Price List of Mollusca No. 2; Terms :—Cash with order. by purchasers in all cases. sold under same conditions. Express charges to be borne UNIVALVES Azeca. tornatellina, Lwe...........-...+«. 5 Cyprea vitellus, L.... helveola, L... EXOSA Wicesesenes Acboannoncontdacdo-d 10, Cyclostoma hzmostoma, Anton............ I5 to 25 unifasciatus, Sby.......... seeoeers I5, 20 Cerlthium CLETITHIMD, SS DY..-<-200essceeseren--ss Io, 15 Crepiduia navicelloides, Nutt.....ssss---+ Io Chama Circinata, Monts... .<........-..... 10, 15 Dolabella PRanT pO Worse sssceuctesescabenc=s 25 to 50 Kulima ACICM cle G1 acl aeeaclennscencacactos 5 Fusus Goelatiise RVEsscnesranecsnesteas ces 10 Io. fluvialis, Say........ Reeenese ee eine 5, 10 Lucidella areola, sGrel.tetsesccesns ness-a0- 3 Melantho Subsolidals Ante .c.ctssescwtereses 5 Murex IGOlOL Valve steccechecstncdcetvach ss 20 Martinianus.. 2.5120 LE VAS PAA nasaanopeseataqeestee==s 20 palma-rosz, Lam...........----- 50, 75 Nacella TIC LASS ASM EVCS: sncedvecsse nen sieaess Io Neritina dilatata, Bree Layardi, Rve.. Ostodes SOMA GUS Gi acesacnveccusveencrase IO, I5 Oliva : irisans, var. tremulina........ Io to 40 Oo SC MTLO DTS. ROVE Rass s 40, 50 gibbosa, IBYoy qf alnomcrones Se neaeene 25 to 40 tigrina, LL:....... 25 to 50 inflata, Lam 15 to 25 Physa arirantia,jGptrniesscctcssicecssess T5 Pedipes Adtran GinG)oeecserencssasencarsas ease igs Trochus Josephina, Ad............+6.----- 5 tee Conradi, Tryon 25 subulare, leas sees nereceace seer 3 BIVALVES Anodonta CAtATACEA SAY nsthees-sencerceserees 55 TINDPEGIUIS A MUCA! cecceneeseescnenss--> > Anomia epphippium, Li......ccceceeeee- 55 Adula falcatan Gpinescerezescase aieesare 15 to Avicula SLOLMA 2... secccccccccveiscecccvescorecs I5 Artemis concentrica, Born.............-..+ 25 Catinella explanata, Gld..........-..2++++-+- iss Chama TOSLOMA WOM. se ssersescccleassmeee 20; Chione I0, alllimay sluteercoccsrsvcccseesesreeeokes gemma, Tott.... . Isabellina, Phil... Wn mlosas alms. nasssercsee ass i 5> Cardium MGCUSH MIM besessencsssescersesesuansitS Donax frifasciatus), IRVe:..<2....s..esere0 LO _ Dosina GISCHSS URVElrensaccesscscavatsenessae 10 Gouldia , flabellay (Gon ssesccccssvonscesnssare 5, Iridena rubens, Lam....... Restionosaneasseenm OF Lucina Jamaicensis, Lam................. 20 Margaritana marginata, Say LS. undulata, Say....... 10, Holstonia, Lea asd complanata, Barnes. sy 2th deltoidea, Lea.... . 10 margaritifera, L. 19 OGHEACEMS) SAV ses.cessctberweresscs2O 5 10 10 20 15 20 | rugosa, Barnes.......... confragosa, Say......+. Moneocondyiea Mardinensis, Lea..........ss0«+ 25 Mycetopus PYZMAA, SPK...eeeseerecceeeeseeees 15, 20 siliquosa, W)ZOrDesrcccncsssessss . 20 Macoma Nasuta, CON e.c..ce-nccceas ppd 15 Nucula limatula, Say......- ou Scusneusaqe test 5 Pandora trilineatus, Say......ssernsccsccee LO, 15 Pecten zequisulcatus, Cpr....ccccoscscees I5, 20 dislocatus, Say wisiventemesenesnenees IO, 15 Prisodon truncatus; SCHUM ss MARY GLANVILLE, Grahamstown, So. Africa. GOOD series of British shells wanted for a small public museum; also many of the rare and local species Limnea, peregra monst. sinistrorsum, etc., offered in exchange by §. C. COCKERELL, 5 Priory road, Chiswick, W., England. OFFERED :—Acmeea patina, pelta, persona, Esch; spectrum, scabra, Nutt.; Lottia gigantea, Gray ; Gadinia radiata, Cpr.; Scurria mitra, Esch.; Fissurella volcano, Rve.; Crepidula rugosa, Nutt.; Cerithidea sacrata, Gld,; Calliostoma_ costatum, Mart.; Chlo- rostoma funebrale, A. Ad.; brunneum, Phil. Littorina planaxis, Nutt., scutulata, Gld.; Monoceros lapilloides, Con.: Nassa fossata, Gld.; Olivella biplicata, Sby.; Purpura saxicola, Val., canaliculata, Ducl.; Bittium filosum, Gld., Ocinebra circumtexta, Stns.; Acanthop- leura scabra, Rve.; Tellina Bodegensis, Hds ; Acmoea asmi, Midd.; Machaera patula, Dixon; Macoma nasuta, Con, G. W: MICHAEL, Jr., Morro, Cal. OFFERED :—British marine shells for Land and Fresh-water shells. Specimens must be best of their kind. Mr. MARSHALL, Sevenoaks, Torquay, Eng. WANTED :—To correspond with colonial or foreign collectors, with a view to the exchange of shells. C.L.S., 8 Trinity St., Hastings, England. Miscelianeous Exchanges for Mollusca. OFFERED :—California shells, plants radiates and butterflies to exchange for the same. Mrs. R. W. SUMMERS, San Luis Obispo, Cal. WANTED :—Shells, sea-mosses, skulls and all kinds of curiosities for my public museums, for Illinois shells, zinc, ores, etc. SEEBACH, Peru, Ill. WM. CASH, Elmfield Terrace, Halifax, England, wants good shells from all parts of the world. Offered—Natural History specimens in all branches, and scientific books and apparatus. TERTIARY and other fossils from Southern States and Europe; 50 species of Bird’s Eggs ; and 60 pounds of Minerals consisting of Amethyst on Agate; Agates rough and polished; Pyromorphite; Native Copper; Zinc blende; Galena; rare Iron Ores, &c., &c., for strictly fine and correctly named Mollusca from South and Central America, Asia, Africa and Australia. Address W. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Philada.} Pa. BOOK EXCHANGE. OPEN TO ABL SCIENTISTS AT THE SAME RATE AS ‘* EXCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA.”’ OFFERED:—“ A Manual of Zoology,’’ by M. Milne Edwards; ‘‘ A Manual of Blow-pipe Analysis,” by Wm. Elderhurst, M. D.; ‘ Sulphurets,” how concentrated, worked and assayed. Wanted—a good copy of ‘‘Woodward’s Manual of Mollusca’’ and other works on Conchology. G. W. MICHAEL, Jr., Morro, Cal. WANTED :—‘Our Common British Fossils and where to find them”’ in exchange for ‘* Lowe’s British Grasses.” O. REES, 59 Sandbrook Road, London, England. OFFERED :—Journal of Conchology for 1883 and 1884 to exchange. What offers? B. M, O., 7 Cavendish Terrace, Torquay, Eng. WHAT offers for the ‘‘ Book of Days’’ by R. Chambers. H. E.,Constable’s Tower, Dover, England. OFFERED :—Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca ’75 Edition; Leidy’s Memoir of the Extinct Sloth Tribe, N. A.; Lea’s Syn. of Family of Naiades, ’52 edtn.; Hayes’ Descrip. Inf. Max’y Bones of Masto- dons, 10 plates; Agassiz & Gould’s Comp. Physi- ology, Bohn’s edt’n; Coultas, Prin. Botany, Crypto- gamia; Lea’s On a Fossil Saurian of the New Red Sandstone Formt’n; Leidy’s Geol. sketch of Est. & Fr. Water deposit of Judith R. &c. &c., pres’t copy ; Meigs’ Obs. Rep. Organs of Dolphin; Lesquereux’s Cretaceous Flora, 50 plates, Smith n Mis. Col. Vol. 4, Neuroptera, Vol. 6, Diptera and Coleoptera, 3 pp. out. WANTED :—First 3 vol. Lea’s Obs. Genus. Unio ; Say’s American Conchology; Goulds Invertebrata of Mass.; Kiener’s plates of Shells; Carpenter's works ; Tryon’s Monog. Terr. Moll. of U. S.; Sowerby’s Conch. Manual and Plates; or offers in works on Conchology. W. D:. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Phila. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. 1. On Pyrgulopsis, a new genus of rissoid mollusk, with descriptions of two new forms, by R. Ellsworth Call and Harry A. Pilsbry. 2. Description of a new Hydrobia with notes on other Rissoidze by Harry A. Pilsbry, from H. A. Pilsbry, Davenport, Ia. Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata of the Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New Jersey, by Prof. R. P. Whitfield, from Hon. Alfred C. Harmer, M. C. Geological Survey of Alabama, Bulletin No. 1, Preliminary Report on the Tertiary Fossils of Alabama and Mississippi, by Truman H. Aldrich, M. E., from the author. THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. 15 Catalogue of Pictou Academy, Pictou; N- S., from Prof. A. H. MacKay, Pictou, N. Se Catalogues of Public Museum, Milwaukee, from Mr. Carl Doerflinger, Sec’y. The National Educator, Allentown, Pa., for September and October. The West American Scientist for September. 1. Melanopsis Fossil e viventi D’Italia; 2. Sopra alcune Scalarie terziarie, from Prof. Dante Pantanelli, Modena, Italy. 1. List of the Fossils of the Upper Silurian Formation of Gotland; 2. Om _ Gotlands Nutida Mollusker, from Professor Gustaf Lindstrom, Stockholm, Sweden. NECROLOGY. Mr. George R. Busk, English surgeon and naturalist is dead; aged 78. The death is reported of Dr. R. J. Mann, for three years President of the English Me- teorological Society. Mr. Gerrard Kinahan the promising young naturalist and explorer was killed May 23, 1886, at Anyappa, Africa, by a poisoned arrow in the hands of a native. Dr. Wakley, the well-known editor of the * Lancet” died August 30th, 1886. The distinguished chemist and author, Professor M. Maclay has arrived at Odessa from New, Guinea. “Sandy” Trotter one of Edinburgh’s famous teachers is dead. The Faculty of Brown University are seriously thinking of educating women. Harvard University will celebrate its 250th anniversary on the 6th, 7th and 8th of Novem- ber. M. Chevreul, the French centenarian and scientist, published his first work in 1806 and his latest in 1806. Miss Ada J. Todd of the Bridgeport High School received the degree of Ph. D. from the Boston University in June last. Dr. Yates of Santa Barbara, Cal., who has been suffering for some time with a disabled hand is now convalescent. Professor Faxon, late instructor in Natural Science at Harvard has resigned, and Dr. Ayers will take his class in Zoology and Biology. Mr. Wm. Landborough the late Australian explorer while in search of Burke and Wills traversed the continent from the Gulf of Car- pentaria to Melbourne. Dr. B. A. Gould, Director of the National Observatory of Cordova in the Argentine Republic, was recently elected a corresponding member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences. Maurice Thompson will deliver a course of lectures on scientific subjects at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, this winter. These lectures will probably be repeated at other colleges in the South and West, Professor John Dickinson, a brother of Miss Anna Dickinson the lecturer, and of Miss Susan Dickinson the authoress, has accepted the chair of Geology and Mineralogy and Curator of the Museum in the University of Southern California at Los Angeles. Professor John Holzinger of Winona, Minn. reports an awakening interest in the study of Conchology among the pupils of his class of 48. We are pleased to note this and hope that many more instructors will kindly report progress to “The Conchologists’ Exchange.”’ pe ps HR sabre Stet Tw (aaa —- &. > hdd vie nee re < i - ie Bs pr Ee: os a ae eR CRN IT CL a re ail Sittnsaay © t LGROTEY '? a Sah telah tet 2 ME Caer tih eae cdaove ssa ys thee WA) PAIS Payee Cah ath ALh | B® Cae Rta wcaiip oes bondi anet’ ‘oatrg vad) k dabei ; aie Gib -nottoralek. | : ai : get be Lites DED estrartt | 7 ania) oe “i Biesak i We i hx cuss eu ate eect ci fa reat tur arwane eet ee cms Fy i ne | , i ( i, ay lee tek Sr i es Pe A pheett | 1 4 bar . :, — nlatbeih i oe ant bait EDEN cpepeeee Rees autoibigea ot 5 ee as ae + Te eee areeiotbott 1 te - SS “abvrio#, syste +h sah ea dbuay i eae ys seis waoror! cpt iL yi Let La " te. a a i. - a a ee: “ptautboa it | ' je ey e | penlion i ; { of erat ies mie erates d«cecpassht ber Cah) G14 sibs a ¢ 3 Biteaanen ste tig: oof oF RALA | SP iouevreciwarrivaes Ot AURIS? LT yee fut / " janvernott : : ~ Seyiieeeeyesneane 8 re rag) vadoort ee . i, fut } ; Gene yet ARPA ta ¥f Rn ha ee ¥ fh 2 me Se PAT be | air ierirt Mt ae 1 Soap alee, <) enigshos | ; a ; pr a pits aieg | os st ot ne. | oes Fiat | pera ei’ owifioy | aes a i Pumsatces nt foo Pater ADD eit | ee ree oe ee a siAves } at as of a q 1a) : t 5 ee bi ee : ieee >" : ‘siniit | Ngeenes serigyscerereas init amuse alas | ret sag veitseeenes omit sod. gotan't t ie wonndyase 1, Steen, WEI Is by aS \ a and wedvacard Ge 8 rae, teanstSHE Deity nily adie b . eur ode . é Af ae in sion tah Os : sodidvomdand ae ety pataiae bet cnet EATEN Prd OR ec cones 20k _ fiestas hast Fe : px? Or ea ; y] ‘ : at aiisaoginy ’ are i ape mn iv rg Wareabeps belies fod lidar La ava via. xp bi bo eer H P ee Ws. a noe? Py, har ealggad Mag com eam ar’ vaedeot wih Sebi ve a sede apsbegan uy ae a sae a = : — = —., COPYRIGHT SECURED. A PUBLICATION DESIGNED FOR CONCHOLO- GISTS AND THEIR INTERESTS. WY Mid UD.) A MESES TL, EDITOR AND PUBLISHER. Printed by Joun: C. CLarkK & Sons, ‘Stationers and Printers, 228 and 230 Dock ‘Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as relia: a- ble items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all. Matter for publication must be received by the 2oth of each month. TERMS: Subscription per Year, - - - - = Cents, To Foreign Countries, - Single Copies, 3 Cents ache CLUB RATES: 3 Copies One Year, = = 0 60 5 “6 e tae .go be) Sore NS 56 te 1.65 20 ce “cc ““c ate 3,00 Remittances should be sent by Money Order, Postal Note or by Registered Letter. Please make Bank Drafts and Money Orders, and address all subscrip- tions and correspondence to WM. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A. SONGS Rates given on application. EDITORIAL. We are not given to self-adulation but we think that ‘‘ The Conchologists’ Exchange is needed by collectors and that it has accom- plished much good in its short life. The pro- gress already made we hope to see continued, but it can only be done by the hearty co-opera- tion of our friends. We wish to largely in- crease our subscription list so that our little paper will be of more use to you and thus CHESTNUT ine PHILADELPHIA, PA, NOVEMBER, 18857 No. prove a greater source of satisfaction to us, To reach this desirable end we wish each sub- scriber and reader to kindly become a solicitor, simply to the extent of placing the paper where it will do the most good and saying a kind word for it as occasion offers. It is our desire that each number shall be an improvement upon its predecessor; but as we said before this can only be done by your co-operation. We will be especially thankful for any notes of new discoveries in the malacological field, | and we will strive to give all a proper hearing and the fullest credit for their findings It is inevitable that new discoveries will continue to be made in our chosen field of research | from now until the end of time, as vast areas have yet to be fully explored and their treas- ures described; and, again numerous species are rapidly becoming extinct, while others are scarcely known or have never had the light of discovery cast upon them. We trust our young readers will comfort themselves with the fact that the rewards of Fame are not entirely for the savant, as history teaches us that she has benisons in store for her youthful sons as well. There is much in the present number to interest the young and we especially invite them to correspond with us. Valuable articles have been contributed to this number by Mr. C. F. Ancey of Marseilles, France, Mr. H. A. Pilsbry of Davenport, lowa, and Mr! John Ford of Philadelphia; and wa hope to add from time to time such new féatures as will claim your kind attention and merit your hearty support. Beginning with the number for January 1887, we propose to increase the subscription price of «The Conchologists’ Exchange” and we would suggest therefore that. our friends who have not subscribed will take advantage of the present nominal rate and do so without delay. 20 THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. Diagnoses of a few subgenera in Helicide. 3y C.F. Ancey, MARSEILLES, FRANCE. I, Pristina, Anc. (nov. subg. Hyalinz), «Testa parvula, imperforata, cornea, nitens, “‘ multispirata; spira depresse conica. Aper- “‘tura interdum lamellis radiantibus subserratis ‘‘in palato sitis insignis.” Geog. distribution: Western North America. Types: “yalina Stearns?, Bland, and Lan- simgi, Bland. Mr. W.G. Binney put these species, but with doubt, in Microphysze, while other au- thors consider them as Hyalinze; they differ from the latter by anatomic features, and from the former by the form of the shell. Altogether I am inclined to place the group in Hyaline, as a series nearly allied to Conulopolita, Boettger (type: C. Raddez, Boettg.) I am confident the presence or absence of internal laminve or tooth-like processes within the aper- ature of Helices are not generic characters ; in some instances they are either present or absent in closely allied species. I established this fact when at work (Le Naturaliste, 1882) on the New Caledonian forms, and I now re- peat this my opinion in regard to Pristina, and Gastrodonta. In the latter the teeth are fre- quently absorbed by the animal, when growing larger. and Arctic II. Ccelospira, Anc. (nov. subg. Helicis), Testa solidula, supra concava, late et per- ““spectiva umbilicata, discoidea; spiree anfrac- “tus pauci (414), sed regulariter crescentes, “ultimus maximus, inflatus, altus, longe ad “ apertum fere horizontalem descendens, trans- “verse zonatus. Apertura intusbituberculata, **externe biscrobiculata. Peristoma expansum «basi reflexiusculum.”’ Geog. distribution: Atlantic coast of Cen- tral America, (Chiriqui Lagoon, Costa Rica). Type: “Zelix Mac-Neth, Crosse. This shell bears some external resemblance to Cepolis, (Helix cepa) Montf. on account of the colour and the tubercles of the aperture, but it is widely umbilicate, has a concave (not a con- vex) spire, and strongly deflected body- whorl. It is perhaps more nearly adlied to Sys¢rophia, a South American group, and particularly to the following section. . III. Angrandiella, Anc. (nov. subg. He- licis). ‘Testa cornea, brunneo-zonata, de- “‘ pressa, aperte umbilicata; anfractus sat reg- ‘“‘ulariter crescentes; spira parum elevata, ad “summum depressa. Apertura extus basi “scrobiculata, intus unidentata, obliqua.”’ Geog. distribution: Andes of Peru. Type: Helix Angranat, Morelet. IV, Peecilostola, Anc (nov.subg. Helicis). “Testa tenuiuscula, globose depressa, imper- “forata, luteo-variegata, brunneo. Spira con- “‘vexa, obtusa; anfractus pauci, rapide cres- ““centes, ultimus maximus, inflatus. Apertura “transverse oblonga, emarginata, obliqua. “Peristoma alba-incrassatum, tenuiter re- “ flexum, haud continuum.” Geog. distribution: Andes of Peru. Flelix Farrisi, Pfeiffer: Type: Notes on some New Orleans Fresh-Water Shells. 3x H. A. Pirspry, DAVENPORT, Iowa. Numerous specimens of Physa collected at New Orleans agree perfectly with the descrip- tions and figures of the Physa solida Phil., de- scribed from that locality, but show conclusive- ly that that species is synonomous. with heéer- ostropha, Say. The solidity, inflated form, etc. adduced as specific characters may be paralleled in any large suite of Eastern P. heterostropha. It is often elongated, resembling the form known as fomzlia Con. I have received from several collectors specimens from New Orleans labelled “ seg- mentina Wheatleyi, Lea.’ The real Wheat- leyt is not, so far as I know, found at this locality—these shells being referable to the species described by Binney, Tryon and others as Planorbts havanensis Pfr.,—and placed in THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. 2 the typical sections of Planorbis. The species is really a Segweend¢ina, but quite distinct from the familiar ermigera and from Wheatleyi.* Among other species collected by the writer in 1885 are several bleached Helicinas, fairly resembling A. hanleyana, Pfr. as figured by Binney. They are probably identical with orbiculata, Say, but better material is needed to settle the question. I shall be glad to re- ceive information in regard to this form from collectors who may have met with it. Vide. Proc. Davenport Acad. Sciences, Vol. V. p. 43. A DAY AMONG THE MOLLUSKS. By Joun Forp, PHILADEPHIA. On the western border of Narragansett Bay, some twenty miles below the city of Provi- dence, R. I, there is a small body of water known as Greenwich Bay which might be safely termed the paradise of mollusks. Rocky, muddy and sandy bottoms alternate, while over them all ebbs and flows a tide so pure and crystalline in character that the smallest objects may be readily seen at depths of several feet. Plentifully scattered over these submerged areas are various species of mollusks, includ- ing Pectens, Arcas, Fulgurs, Anomias, Car- diums, Littorinas, Crepidulas, and others of equal interest. Most abundant of all, how- ever, are the edible scallops, Pecten irradians, Linn. These are innumerable; hundreds of bushels of them being gathered daily for the benefit of epicures in New York and other cities. Only the contracting muscle is retained but it alone makes a morsel half as large as a man’s thumb. — Fried in batter, like oysters, a dozen or two of these constitute a dish that may be eaten with pleasure, as the writer has good reason to know. Here flourishes, also, the “‘red blood qua- haug,” Arca pexata, Say, one of the few if not the only species of mollusks whose blood con- tains corpuscles closely allied to those found in man; a-fact that was recently demonstrated by | the eminent biologist, Prof. John A. Ryder. This species is of southern origin, their presence in Northern waters being due probably to human agency; the eggs or very young having been carried north with oyster plants taken from southern waters for the purpose of bedding. Arca pexata and adult specimens of P. trradians are chiefly found in from one to two fathoms of water, though the young or first season’s growth of the latter abound in the shallow places near the shore. Here they may be seen on sunny days with their valves open and the eyes fringing their mantle-edges glistening like so many rubies. They have been well termed “ Butterflies of the Ocean” as the slighest disturbance will often cause them to dart away with a sudden erratic move- ment precisely similar in character to that of their namesakes. Littorina litiorea, Linn, inhabit the rocky boulders that here and there line the shore, while attached to pebbles and other objects, may be seen large numbers of ‘Saddle Oys- ters” Anomia epphippium, Linn, many of which are quite lustrous and of symmetrical form. Cardium Mortoni, Con. are not so plentiful, but careful search among the slightly submerged Algze is sure to reveal some hand- some specimens. As suggested, many other smaller species may be secured as a reward for a few hours spent in the search. Greenwich station on the line from Stoning- ton to Providence is within a stone’s throw of the bay, and I can safely assure the student that a visit there, when the tide is out, will be remembered as one of the happiest of his life; especially if accompanied by my good friend, Mr. Horace F. Carpenter, author of the “ Shell- Bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island’’, whose ability to find and capture minute species is a standing wonder to all less practical observers. NEW LOCALITIES. Ed. Conchologists’ Exchange, Sir:—You can publish under “ New Localities,” C7zzo farvus, Barnes found at Shipp’s Lake, Bastrop Co , and Colorado River, Austin, Texas; and Unio gracilis, Barnes found in Colorado River, Austin, Texas. I have nowhere seen these species published as occurring in those locali- ties, Parvus is I think new.to the State. J. A. Singley, Giddings, Tex and Cape May, N. J.in May 1886. ‘This shell is not recorded as having been found north of South Carolina before. NECROLOGY. M. Bonley, President of the French Academy of Sciences, died November 20, 1886, M. Rabuteau for twenty years a member of the French Biological Society is deceased. Captain Mangin, the inventor of the system of Optical Telegraphy now in use in the French Army, is dead of appoplexy at the age of 45. Dr. Thomas Andrews, F. R. S., the well- known Professor of Chemistry in Queen’s College, Belfast, is reported as deceased at the advanced age of 71. EXCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA. Exchanges which are merely indirect offers of articles for money will not be accepted. We will not hold ourselves responsible for any mistakes or disappointments occurring because of bad faith on the part of any of our exchangers Terms which must be cash with order, are as follows: Exchanges of 20 words including address, 10 cents; for each additional 10 words the charge will be 5 cents. No ex- change will be inserted for less than Io cents. OFFERED—Goniobasis, comalensis, pleurostriatus ; Helix auriformis, texasiana, febigeri, mooreana, ber- landieriana, espiloca; Helicina tropica, occulta; Buli- mulus schiedianus, mooreanus; Gundlachia, Pyrgulop- sis, Tryonia, etc., for fresh-water shells. H. A. PILSBRY, Davenport, lowa. WANTED :—To exchange shells from the rivers, creeks, lakes and sloughs in the vicinity of the mouths of the Missouri and Illinois rivers. Hon. WM. McADAMS, Alton, Ills. FLORIDA shells, Land and Marine, for exchange. M. A. Mitchell, Waldo, Fla. var. albina, Gobantzi and others. WANTED :—North American Land shells. ALEX. VON TIESENHAUSEN, Bozen, Tyrol, Austria. WANTED :—Batches of Helices nemoralis and hor- tensis alive or dead. OFFERED :—Unio Margaritifer and others. B- HUDSON, M,C. 5S. 5 Westbourne Grove, Coatham, Redcar, England. FOR EXCHANGE :—Rare land shells from Cey- lon; also new species of Bulimus from Mt. Roraima. Offers solicited. Miss LINTER, Arragon Close, Twickenham, England. OFFERED :—Unio Margaritifer, By. tentaculata, P. complanatus, H. nemoralis, hortensis and erice- torum. WANTED :—U. pictorum, L. auricularia, H. reve- lata, pisana, obvoluta, B. montanus, C. Rolphii, bipli- cata, Cy. elegans and others. T. A. LOFTHOUSE, 67 Grange Road, Middlesboro, Eng. WANTED :—Correspondents for the purpose of exchanging Land and Marine shells of any. province. Over 150 West Coast species offered for anything new to me. HARRY E. DORE, r22 Front St., Portland, On. NUMEROUS duplicates of European Land, Fresh- water and Marine shells to exchange tor American Land and Fresh-water shells. GUE. ANGEY, Marseilles, France. OFFERED :—British marine shells for Land and Fresh-water shells. Specimens must be best of their kind. Mr. MARSHALL, Sevenoaks, Torquay, Eng, WANTED :—To correspond with colonial or foreign collectors, with a view to the exchange of shells C.L.S., 8 Trinity St., Hastings, England. Miscelianeous Exchanges for Mollusca. A fine lot of Fossil Ferns from Mazon Creek, Grundy Co., Ills., properly named, to exchange for Marine shells from the Southern Seas. J. E. CARR, Morris, Ills. TERTIARY fossils from Italy and other European States to exchange for American Land and Fresh-water shells. Dr. FRANCESCO COPPI, Modena, Italy. WANTED :—Pritish and Foreign shells. OFFERED :—Good Foreign stamps. THOS. W. READER, 171 Hemingford Road, London, N. TERTIARY and other fossils from Southern States and Europe ; sospecies of Bird’s Eggs ; and 60 pounds of Minerals consisting of Amethyst on Agate; Agates rough and polished: Pyromorphite ; Native Copper; Zinc blende; Galena; rare Iron Ores, &c., &c., for strictly fine and correctly named Mollusca from South and Central America, Asia, Africa, and Australia. Addresss W. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Philada., Pa. THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCH ANGE. to Ww | BOOK EXCHANGE. TO ALL SCIENTISTS AT’ THE SAME RATE AS ** EXCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA. OPEN OFFERED :—Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca 75 Edition; Leidy’s Memoir of the Extinct Sloth tobe, N. A.; Lea’s Syn. of Family of Naiades, ’52 edtn; Hayes’ Descrip. Inf. Max’y Bones of Masto- dons, 10 plates ; Agassiz & Gould’s Comp. Physi- ology, Bohn’s edt’n; Coultas, Prin’ Botany, Crypto- gamia: Lea’s on a Fossil Saurian of the New Red Sandstone Formt’n; Leidy’s Geol. sketch of Fst. & Fr. Water deposit of Judith R. &c. &c., pres’t copy : Meigs’ Obs. Rep. Organs of Dolphin; Lesquereux’s Cretaceous Flora, 50 plates, Smith’n Mis. Col. Vol. 4, | Neuroptera, Vol. 6 Diptera and Coleoptera, 3 pp. out. WANTED: First 3 vol. Lea’s Obs. Genus. Unio; Say’s American Conchology; Goulds Invertebrata of Mass.; Kiener’s plates of Shells ; ; Carpenter’s works ; Tryon’ s Monog. Terr. Moll. of U. S.; Sowerby’s Conch. Manual and Pilates: for offers in works on Conchology. W.D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Phila. IMPORTANT! ! By devoting part of your leisure time to forming ‘*Clubs’’ of subscribers to ‘The 4 7 Conchologists’ Exchange,”’ you can secure for yourself the following advantages :— OFFER No. 1.—g0 cents in cash and the names of five subscribers, will secure to you a free subscription to the ‘Exchange,’ and shells to the value of 50 cents from a SPECIAL LIST OF MOLLUSCA which will be sent on application. OFFER No. 2. ia Gan in eae and names of ten subscribers, will secure you a free sub- scription and $1.00 worth of shells. OFFER No. 3.—$3 in cash and twenty names will secure you a free subscription and $2 00 worth of shells. These shells will be post-paid in all cases. We propose to hold these “offers” open until January 15th, 1887, and we hope they will have the effect intended, i. e. a renewed interest in the study of Conchelogy: Alphabetical List of Shells received since the issue of Ence List of Moises Ne, 3. by purchasers in all cases. sold under same conditions. Terms:—Cash with order. Express charges to be borne Note:—A discount of 10 per cent. payable in shells at List prices, will be allowed on all orders of $5 and upwards accom- panied with the “cash. i Mollusca, No. 2,’ This discount applies to “Price List of ’ and all subsequent Lists until further notice. UNIVALVES Melania Triton Rittiam amatula, Lam\..c00./ 1/44. aa mubeGulay same 4... s..0c.0.2006 15 to 30 PU OSU ye soc venus oaesaseocte ovens ~-< 5, 10 Monoceres BIVALVES Cerithium Wp lapilloides;sComtesecare-ener te 10, 15 Machera Cibmmum, Shy... ...s.s.soeceoses-0- 105 15) | Neritina Patilay DION. teececseescecetcesss 20, 25 Olina Dyes tes tece anes enee snes 15 {naar gs rahe Macoma Cerithidea Gece eater arogn verses aot acaues Osi Dill CONS DICHA OD Veco eseesec essere 10, 15 petits re Neritopsis nasuta, Con..... Sasecse ero 2O 2 GGA ot Paid saul £Ts esd. bt Ne Peek, roitoj2o) guquinata, Desh.......2...----200 15, 20 Tito: Sd aa | Paludina |, Mytilus neritoidea , (CHEM id 55... seep ences PSeON aie yas biede Mise ol eS poles Californianus, Gone cots. cccane 20, 40 Drillia | Pisahia SN WMA atts) SAY..«ocs-ne- pence =sleeee=s IO, 15 IBaxclayensis mA . (Ad) 22,222.22. 10, 15 | eee aoe SUS Aye Rap tk eS S3te Ralina I) UMGOSUMS IG. seecescctsesd occa ee nee 20 to 35 | bifurcatus, Rve.................000 15, 20 : Pleurotoma Tapes Eorbuosa’, Woalm st ce ds2..ehets2. <2 15, 20) Staimiineas | COM. ccecscecneresse=-bar 20,25 . | cincta, Lam 0 , Lunatia | abbreviata, Lam nee Tellina Mewisitt. Gldtis a vctewtites $2. 25, 35 Clavius javier tetstaenscedessee daca: 10 Bodegensis, Hidsis:s..2..00.d. 4.00 20, 30 24 THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. KIE-NER. 10 Volumes of Kiener’s “fconographie des Coquilles Vivantes ” with plates, for sale. Bound in % Morocco; gilt top; large 8vo.; uncut; new; Paris. Bound in 10 volumes as follows: Genre Cone. Calcar, Troche, Xenophora, Tectarius. Rocher, (Murex) Triton, Ranella. Mitre, Volute, Marginelle. Coiumbella, Buccin, Eburne, Struthiolaire, Vis, (Terebra). Cerite, Pleurotome, Fuseau. Pyrula, Fasciolaire, Turbinelle, Cancellaire. Rostellaire, Ptero- cere, Strombe, Porcelaine, (Cypreea), Ovule, Tariere (Terrebellum) Ancillaire. Cassidaire, Casque (Cassis), Tonne (Dolium), Harpe, Pourpre. Turritelle, Scalaire, Cadran, (Solarium), Roulette, (Rotella), Dauphinule (Delphinula), Turbo, Phasianella, Troque. Price for 10 Volumes, $190. This rare and valuable work cannot be sent on approval, but may be seen here at any time. Tryon’s Structural and Systematic Conchology and Manual of Conchology. Circulars giving full particulars of these standard works sent on application. SPECIAL NOTICE:—A limited number of second-hand copies of the cheap edition of Structural and Systematic Conchology will be sold at $5 00, post,paid. Issued new at $S8oo. Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca, 642 pp., 23 pl., 441 figs., 270 illus. London, 1880 edition, Price $2.60, post-paid. Price-List. of Mollusca. Our new Price-List of Mollusca will be sent to any address on application, Stock carefully selected, named and located WM. DU UAVERELDE, Chestnut till, Philadelphway ia: Che Conchologists COPYRIGHT SECURED. A PUBLICATION DESIGNED FOR CONCHOLO- GISTS AND THEIR INTERESTS. Wht it) AVERELTL,. EDITOR AND PUBLISHER. Printed by Joun C. CrarkK & Sons, Stationers and Printers, 228 and 230 Dock Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as relia- ble items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all. TERMS: Subscription per Year, - - - - To Foreign Countries, - - - . 3 Single Copies, 3 Cents Each. CLUB RATES: 3 Copies One Year, - - = §¢ .60 5 “e “ec «e yi wc? i eye) Io iz? ce ce = 3 . 1.65 20 ee ee ce = te 3 foto} Remittances should be sent by Money Order, Postal Note or by Registered Letter. Please make Bank Drafts and Money Orders, and address all subscrip- tions and correspondence to WM. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A. Advertising Rates given on application. EDITORIAL. Science was called away from her busy re- searches on the 8th of December, 1886, to mourn the death of one of her noblest and most conscientious workers. We refer to Isaac easrisies Dxt of Philadelphia, the eminent conchologist, whose demise, at the ripe age of ninety-five, has been a source of mourning to all scientists and the general public. This nation was in its infancy when Isaac Lea first CHESTNUD ILE, PHILADELPHIA. PAL? DE y Frchange. CEMBER, 1886. No. 6. saw the light of day and he has lived to see the Government on a solid basis and the country in general benefitted by his life and labors. Mr. Lea was born in Wilmington, Delaware, March 4th, 1792. His ancestors, John and Hannah Lea, came with William Penn from England and were noted as minis- ters in the Society of Friends. His father, James Lea, intended Isaac for the medical profession, but meeting the late Professor Vanuxem, then a youthful and very ardent scientist, the whole course of young Lea’s life was changed, and together they collected minerals and visited the newly-opened coal mines near Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Mr. Lea became an active member of the Academy of Natural Sciences in 1815, and contributed his collection to it. His first pa- per, ‘“‘An Account of the Minerals at present known to exist in the vicinity of Philadelphia,” was published in the Journal of the Academy in 1817. Jt was not until 1827, when the deepening of the channel of the Ohio River, and the sending of many species of shells of the Genus Unio to the Academy, gave rise to those investigations which resulted in the publication of his ‘Observations of the Genus Unio,” which we regard as the crowning triumph of his long and useful life. Mr. Lea visited Europe in 1832. In 1833 he pub- lished ‘‘Contributions to Geology.’”? His sec- ond visit to Europe was made in 1852, and on his return he published ‘On a Fossil Sau- rian of the New Red Sandstone Formation of Pennsylvania. He read in all one hundred and fifty-seven papers before learned societies and was honored by degrees and honorary memberships from no less than twenty-five of the most prominent Universities and scientific associations of the world. What more can we add except that Isaac Lea helped us ex- ceedingly well, and by his noble work on the 26 THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. Unionidz straightened what, but for him, would be a very crooked path. He has well earned his rest. We regret that “* Random Notes on Natural History,” has been discontinued with the number for December, and sincerely trust that some arrangement may be made whereby it shall again make its appearance. No good can come from the stoppage of so useful a journal, but much harm to the young whose minds must be directed to scientific reading as one of the cures for the harmful and trashy literature of the day. Mr. H. F. Carpenter’s interesting series of articles on the ‘Shell Bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,” is tem- porarily stopped by the discontinuance of this valuable publication. Whoever secures the rare and valuable work by Kiener, published in another col- umn, will have a masterpiece of art in descrip- tive Conchology. Although the text is in French, the plates, of which there are several hundred, are strikingly natural and not too highly colored as is often the case with works of this character. The attention of Universi- ties and Scientific Societies is respectfully solicited. By request we extend the time for making up “Clubs”? at the former subscription price, until February 15th, 1887. Beginning with February number the price of subscription to «The Conchologists’ Exchange”? will be 35 cents per annum; to foreign countries, 50 cents. This arrangement will continue until the commencement of Volume II. CORRESPONDENCE. Ed. Conchologists’ Exchange, Sir:—In the last issue of the Exchange, I note that Mr. Ancey has established a new group, Pristina forthe western Helices Zonztes lansing7, Bld. _Zonites stearnst, Bld. It has long been my opinion that these species cannot be included in either Zonites (including Conzlus and Gastrodonta) or Microphysa , which should be regarded as a synonym of Hyalina as Dall has shown. lIagree with Mr. Ancey in separating them as a distinct group near Zonites, charac- terized by the combination of aculeate marginal teeth with ribbed jaw and conulus-like shell. Unfortunately the proposed name F/rstina is preoccupied (in Vermes, 1831), and I suggest that the group be called Axceyza in honor of the eminent conchologist C. F. Ancey. Of the other names proposed, Ce/ospira has been used by Hall in Brachiopoda, and Pecilostola is thrice preoccupied, having been used in a generic sense in Diptera, Hemiptera ana Col- eoptera Students of our land shells would do well to carefully weigh a very suggestive paragraph by Dall regarding the status of the numerous subgenera of Helix, in Proc. Nat. Mus. 1885, p. 267 and 271, in this connection. Harry A. Pilsbry. Ed. Conchologists’ Exchange, Sir :—Refer- ring to your “* Answer to Correspondents ”’ in No. 3 replying to Amateur about /elécina subtropica, you say it is not described in Binney’s L. and F. W. shells. I am probably the one who is responsible for sending out this species. Prof. R. E. Call says ‘The name sub-tropica has long since been dropped as being synonymous with /Yedtcina orbiculata. So it appears that sab-tropica was the original name. J. A. Singley, Giddings, Texas. ‘ Ed. Conchologists’ Exchange, Sir:—In regard to Unzo Liediz, | would say that I find them in rather shallow water, on gravelly and pebbly bottoms, where the waves are constantly washing over them, which must necessarily decorticate or erode the shells more or less. Such I find is the case with the half dozen or more species of Unionidze found in the same situation. The best time to secure them is after a heavy west wind which causes the waters of the lake (Erie), to recede so that they are left bare on the beach. Jerome Trombley, Petersburgh, Mich. Editor Conchologists’ Exchange, Sir:—I am sorry to hear that the publication of Random Notes on Natural History ends with the present (December) number. Though small in size it was one of the best magazines of the kind in the country. By its ‘untimely taking off”? several valuable contributions to science that have been running in it for years will remain unfinished for the present at least. THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. Among these is the “ Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,” a work of great merit by Mr. Horace F. Carpenter of Providence, a gentleman whose superior powers of observa- tion have been clearly shown in the chapters already published. Mr. Carpenter should complete the work and issue it in book form. John Ford. NEW LOCALITIES. Ed. Conchologists’ Exchange, Sir :—Your request for notes on shells during my collecting tour induces me to say that in dredging for Unionide in the St. John’s River nearly west of this place I found Alyiclopsis leucopheta Con. This little bivalve belonging to the sea or to brackish waters was here found about two hundred miles from the mouth of the river and in water entirely fresh. It was at- tached by its byssus to various Unios The Unios collected were Uxio anthonyi, Lea, jayanus, Lea, monroenstis, Lea, coruscus, Gld., buddianus, Lea, lepidus, Gld., akeneus, Lea; buckleyi, Lea, Anodonta gibbosa, Say, and couperiana, Lea. S. Hart Wright, Lake Helen, Fla. December 6th, 1886. Ed. Conchologists’ Exchange, Sir :—Your favor is at hand. Since writing to you before I have found Unio fuscatus, \.ea, in Lake Dias, and Unto paludicolus, Gould, in Lake Ashby, where it is over one hundred miles north of the Everglades, the original station. You might add these to the list formerly sent. S. Hart Wright, Lake Helen, Fla., December, 21Ist., 1886. STRIE. At the annual meeting of the members of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Dec. 28th, 1886, the following officers were elected: President, Joseph Leidy; Vice-Presidents, Thomas Meehan, Rev. Dr. Henry McCook; Recording Secretary, Edward J. Nolan ; Cor- responding Secretary, George H. Horn; Treasurer, William C. Henszey; Librarian, Edward J. Nolan; Curators, Joseph Leidy, Jacob Binder, W S. W. Rushenberger, An- 'gelo Heilprin; Councilors, George Y. Shoe- maker, Aubrey H. Smith, George A. Koenig, | | | George A. Rex; Finance Committee, [saac C. Martindale, Aubrey H. Smith, S. Fisher | Corlies, George Y. Shoemaker, William W. Jeffries. It is not generally known that Prof. R. B. Minton, of Carlinville, Ill.. has presented to Blackburn University a fine observatory con- taining one of the best telescopes in the State. He has been Professor of Mathematics there for twenty-five years. Professor Francis Kendall, of Crete, Neb., was one of the passengers on the ill-fated Baltimore and Ohio train which met with the terrible accident near Tiffin, Ohio. The Pro- fessor escaped injury and was one of the fore- most in helping the injured. Ernst Plotz, the noted German collector of butterflies, made an illustrated catalogue of his specimens with his own brush and_ pencil. When he died he had completed ten volumes containing over 10,000 pictures. Dr. Alfred R. Wallace, the noted British | naturalist has been delivering a course of lectures in Philadelphia, Boston and other cities. Ex-President Noah Porter, of Yale, received the degree of LL. D. from the University of Edinburgh on his recent visit there. Professor Joseph Leidy was elected an hon- orary member of the American Society of Naturalists at their late annual meeting in Philadelphia. The late Hon. Eli K. Price, of Philadel- phia, the eminent lawyer, found time to be an active and valuable member of various scien- tific and literary societies. Dr. S. Hart Wright is making numerous conchological discoveries in Florida, as his letters in another column will show. Mr. C. T. Simpson, of Ogalalla, Neb., has just finished a catalogue of the Mollusca of Florida and adjacent keys. 28 THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. NECROLOGY. Tsaac Lea, LL. D. author of ‘* Observations of the Genus Unio,”’ “Contributions to Geol- ogy’’ and numerous other scientific publica- tions, died at his residence, 1622 Locust Street, Philadelphia, at ro A. M., December 8, 1886, after a short illness complicated by weaknesses natural to old age. Mr. Lea was born March 4th, 1792, in Wilmington, Del. He was the President of “The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia” from 1853 to 1858, and also Vice-President of ‘*‘ The American Philosophi- cal Society’”’ for several years. His body rests in Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia. Prof. H. H. Straight, biologist and formerly principal of the State Normal School at Normal, Ills., died at Pasadena, Cal., November 19, 1886. Kendrick Stillman Smith, Oologist, nat at Bellville, Ills., January 24, 1860, died in San Diego, Cal., November 6, 1886 Professor J. N. Madvig, the great Danish scholar is reported dead at the age of 82. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. Catalogues of Fossils, Shells and Minerals in Dr..L. G. Gates’ collection, Santa Barbara, Cal. Bulletins of the Anenichn Museum of Natural History, Central Park, N. Y.; Vol. 1, Nos 1 to 7, from A. Woodward, Librarian. Elephant Pipes and Inscribed Tablets in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Davenport, Ia., by Chas. E. Putnam, Prest., from ESEAY: Pilsbry. EXCHANGES’ ay MOLLUSCA. Exchanges which are ‘merely indirect offers of articles for money will not be accepted. We will not hold ourselves responsible for any mistake or disappointments occurring because of bad faith on the part of any of our exchangers. | Wood, Lepidopleurus Cooperi, Con ; Terms which must be cash with order, are as follows: Exchanges of 20 words including address, 10 cents; for each additional 10 words the charge will be 5 cents. No ex- change will be inserted for less than 10 cents. OFFERED—Goniobasis comalensis, pleurostriatus ; Helix auriformis, texasiana, febigeri, mooreana, ber- landieriana, espiloca; Helicina tropica, occulta; Buli- mulus schiedianus, mooreanus; Gundlachia, Pyrgulop- sis, Tryonia, etc., for fresh-water shells. H. A. PILSBRY, Davenport, Iowa. OFFERED :—Trivia Californica, Gray : Crepidula navacelloides, Nutt., adunca, Sby. Mopalia muscora, Gld., Stenoradsia magdalensis, Rve., Vonicella lineata, Cpr. Trachydermon pseudodentiens, Cpr. Haliotis Cracherodi, Leach, rufescens, Swains; Mytilus Californianus, Con.; Pach- ydesma crassatelloides, Con.; ‘Tapes staminea, Con.; Schizotheurus Nuttallii, Con.: Saxodomus Nuttallii, Zirpheea crispata, L. Helix Vraskii, Nwe ; Physa poltissin, Tryon ; for wants in Mollusca. GEO. W. MICHAEL, JR. Morro Bay, Cal. FOR EXCHANGE :—Rare land shells from Cey- lon; also new species of Bulimus from Mt. Roraima, Offers solicited. Miss LINTER, Arragon Close, Twickenham, England OFFERED :—Land and Fresh-water shells of New York for those of other states and countries ALBERT BAILEY, Chepachet, N. Y. WANTED a sComespondeae for the purpose of exchanging Land and Marine shells of any province. Over 150 West Coast species offered for anything new to me. HARRY E. DORE, 122 Front St., Portland, On. NUMEROUS duplicates of European Land, Fresh- | waterand Marine shells to exchange tor American Land C. F. ANCEY, BEMIS Trance. and Fresh-water shells. iizeellaneous Exchanges for Mollusca. OFFERED :—Florida. Moss, Woods, Palmetto, alligator teeth, wild boar tusks, etc., for foreign shells, curios, etc. Car SULZNER, Palatka, Fla. OFFERED: 500 Indian arrow heads for sea shells. Only fine ones desired. CASPER LOUCKS, Vork= Pas WANTED :—Shells, F pate &c., in exchange for botanical specimens, minerals, fossils, books, &c. Lists free. JAMES GALEN, Rawlinsville, Penna. WANTED :—Emu and Cassowary eggs in exchange for named shells. EDW. FERGUSON, 138 Wilson St., Brocklyn, N Y. THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. 29 = TERTIARY and other fossils from Southern States and Europe ; sospecies of Bird’s Eggs ; and 60 pounds of Minerals consisting of Amethyst on Agate; Agates rough and polished : Pyromorphite ; Native Copper; Zinc blende; Galena; rare Iron Ores, &c., &c., for strictly fine and correctly named Mollusca from South and Central America, Asia, Africa, and Australia. Address W. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Philada., Pa. BOOK EXCHANGE. @PEN TO ALL SCIENTISTS AT THE SAME “*ENCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA.”’ RATE AS OFFERED :—Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca 75 Edition; Leidy’s Memoir of the Extinct Sloth eine: N. A.; Lea’s Syn. of Family of Naiades, ’52 edtn; Hayes’ Descrip. Inf. Max’y Bones of Masto- dons, ro plates; Agassiz & Gould’s Comp. Physi- ology, Bohn’s edt’n; Coultas, Prin. Botany, Crypto- gamia: Lea’s on a Fossil Saurian of the New Red Sandstone Formt’n; Lesquereux’s Cretaceous Flora, so plates, Smith’n Mis. Col. Vol. 4, Neuroptera, Vol. 6 Diptera and Coleoptera, 3 pp. out. WANTED: First 3 vol. Lea’s Obs. Genus. Unio; Say’s American Conchology ; Goulds Invertebrata of Mass; Kiener’s plates of Shells; Carpenter’s works ; ‘Tryon’s Monog. Terr. Moll. of U. S.; Sowerby’s Conch. Manual and Pilates; for offers in works on Conchology. W.D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Phila. OFFERED :—“* A Manual Milne Edwards; ‘‘ A Manual of Blow-pipe Analysis,’’ by Wm _ Elderhurst, M.D; ‘ Sulphurets,’” how concentrated, worked and assayed. Wanted—a good copy of ‘‘Woodwards Manual of Mollusca’’ and other works on Conchology. G. Me MICHAEL, aS, of Zoology,’’ by M. Morro, Cal. WANTED: _tTry on, American Marine ee : colored edition. Offered— Sowerby, Venerida; Knorr, Hoorns en Schulzen. M. M.SCHEPMAN, BOER: near Rotterdam, Hol and. IMPORTANT! By devoting part of your leisure time to forming ‘*Clubs’’ of subscribers to ‘The Conchologists’ Exchange,” you can secure for yourself the following advantages :— OFFER No. 1.—go cents in cash and the names of five subscribers, will secure to you a free subscription to the ‘‘ Exchange,’’ and shells to the value of 50 cents from our PRICE LISTS OF MOLLUSCA which will be sent on application. OFFER No. 2.—$1.65 in cash and names of ten subscribers, will secure you a free sub- scription and $1.00 worth of shells. OFFER No. 3.—S3 in cash and twenty names will secure you a free subscription and $2 00 worth of shells. These shells will be post-paid in all cases. By request we hold these liberal offers open until February 15th, 1887, by which time we hope those raising Clubs will have completed their Jists and secured the fine shells in re- serve for ee THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST. This journal, established in 1844, begins a new volume as a 24-page illustrated monthly magazine of FPOrPuULvrAR: SCIiBPNCE: A feature consists of articles on topography and natural history of Upper and Lower California. year, Io cents a copy. Eminent Scientists are contributors. Agents wanted. Price $1.00 a Cork. ORCUTT, Zaior, San Diego, Cal. Send eee 6 cents for a four months’ trial subscription. 30 THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE TC 1 EV NCES 10 Volumes of Kiener’s “Iconographie des Coquilles Vivantes ” with plates, for sale. Bound in % Morocco; gilt top; large 8vo.; uncut; new; Paris. Bound in 10 volumes as follows: Genre Cone. Calcar, Troche, Xenophora, Tectarius. Rocher, (Murex) Triton, Ranella. Mitre, Volute, Marginelle. Cojumbella, Buccin, Eburne, Struthiolaire, Vis, (Terebra). Cerite, Pleurotome, Fuseau. Pyrula, Fasciolaire, Turbinelle, Cancellaire. Rostellaire, Ptero- cere, Strombe, Porcelaine, (Cyprza), Ovule, Tariere (Terrebellum) Ancillaire. Cassidaire, Casque (Cassis), Tonne (Dolium), Harpe, Pourpre. Turritelle, Scalaire, Cadran, (Solarium), Roulette, (Rotella), Dauphinule (Delphinula), Turbo, Phasianella, Troque. Price for 10 Volumes, $190. This rare and valuable work cannot be sent on approval, but may be seen here at any time Tryon’s Structural and Systematic Conchology and Manual of Conchology. Circulars giving full particulars of these standard works sent on application. SPECIAL NOTICE:—A limited number of second-hand copies of the cheap edition of Structural and Systematic Conchology will be sold at $5.00, post.paid. Issued new at $S8oo. Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca, 642 pp., 23 pl., 441 figs., 270 illus. London, 1880 edition, Price $2.60, post-paid. Price-List of Mollusca. Our new Price-List of Mollusca will be sent to any address on application, Stock carefully selected, named and located WM. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. 31 Alphabetical List of Shells received since the issue of Conchologists’ Exchange No. 5. Terms:—Cash with ordér. by purchasers in all cases. Express charges to be borne Notre:—A discount of 10 per cent. payable in shells at List prices, will be allowed on all orders of $5 and upwards accom- panied with the “cash.” This discount applies to. “Price List of Mollusca, No. 2,” and all subsequent Lists until further notice. UNIVALVES Aplysia virescens, RiSSO.......:..--.eses0. 0 Amphipeplea elutinosas Mtl cc Acc-ecaste- s/t Cte va Co ay el | | Potiong | ; : Dyke ; 4 i, f ewido b ayertipny ons s . DD gh sis rae Pee te bk et ele | ' A pets ' i : i ; eee, f atpwohs is © Uh User team Serer a ee ellriostenry } ‘ it Weld he eee SPIRE Fives vases ee min MER” Av oa smalsind fT £4 : yy a Pen atlanta eaeksan Fly, : ih D Vial) Matte alin entely bit) Wa ; a ee eey te " r ToEat : pate Pry 7 an ih hevtibcvreg th an gts ; ee ae 3, 4 “it & {ki i E ‘ : F Wl ; ' hae id ea hii : Botiecr sa YE pease | uy oz i d ; Gi gee + olan p ae j _ * * : Y ha Ee, Ld? age is een fi 7 pete Ek twa wh 5 afl; oe Bega, aaa ty, iG =f + “i sins ant free, ere) ioe a pds dict . mu alba Anes | ; mts a yasqus il oe pe ty egthipac'! i i be ai ie yy hen ited : au atc PPPOA TOT oe MAES, di pe an ar ‘. A ( i Lp ee i PRS wir les, me piel patee ’ wh we ft } ; brtaigg waertk ee. sd hy vers pnt yreisitgaAl base = ee oe Apes Pveghs et dyijwes ny wipliges (p\—™ Repanendn Ata (Peps | nl eral Pre : és ae ed Mas awe) dive he Beare Adda tt aioe ae : ek ‘ ade ii ee ss 2c " it eT ant: es ve eh Sieh chine chao } ae Wes AT Re eee Bt, ie me, Bgyanbteoricty apa ae > a ‘ bbs viet? zanp st ~ ee bing wean he eer ac “ib 4 cs Sea, an 6 1 Fegpnionith bag fist ‘| ey bP a 3 ae > iF Steiger Bae iP. Nd , seh rine eaeerivers revs staet ii via! OSE Vues al Aa Mandya Mh an uf : mat ANE \ Ai» Oy agape iw 4 aa ‘a aan af : vo i" ” Che Conchologists E xchange COPYRIGHT SECURED Mote CHESINGT EVES PRMcAD EE PHTA, PAs PU 1887 No. 7 A Publication Designed for Conchologists and | Scientists generally Wii bo AVE RELL Epitor AND PuBLisHER 4- Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all. Matters for publication must be received by the twentieth of each month. TERMS Subscription, per Annum To Foreign Countries Single copies three cents ts each 25 cents 35 cents Remittance should be sent by Money Order, Postal Note, or by Registered letter. Unused United States Postage Stamps will be received in any amount in pay- ment of bills. Address all correspondence to WM. D. AVERELL, Editor and Publisher Chestnut Hill Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A. ADVERTISING RATES One inch, displayed, 1 month .. One inch, display ed, 3 months .. One-half column, display ed,1 month One-half column, displayed, 3 months One column, displayed, THOUEE I isacesece. One column, displayed, 3 months HE ConcHo.ocists’ EXCHANGE is later 1% than usual this month owing to changes looking towards its improvement, typo- graphically and otherwise. As our constant aim is to improve our little paper in all departments we hope our readers will kindly excuse the delay in issuing this number. The number for February promises to be exceptionally in- teresting, as several new features will be added. Our young friends will be remembered, and a column devoted to information for their use in collecting shells. They are cordially invited to correspond with us in regard to their collecting trips and to make this “Young Collector’s Games cheerfuland sociable. We _ hope to include in February number a highly | the project, | ing all the interesting serial article on ‘* The Shell-bear- ing Mollusca of Mercer County, Illinois,” by Mr. Wm. A. Marsh, of Aledo, Illinois, whose conscientious labors in behalf of science are so well-known and valued, together with a | more general attention to scientific informa- tion, new discoveries, reports of societies, etc. We look forward to the future confident of | success and sincerely trust you will hail our coming with a cheery welcome. A VAST stride towards scientific success has been made in the Australasian colonies by now well under way, of unit- scientific societies in the colo- nies in one grand society to be known as “The Australasian Association for the Ad- vancement of Science.’”? As there are some twenty societies in the colonies with a mem- bership of upwards of 3,000 the scheme wili not lack for material, while the countries especially interested, as well as the world in geueral, will be highly benefited. Advantage _ has been taken of the centennial anniversary of the foundation of the colonies to further the enterprise. HEREAFYER “ THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ Ex- CHANGE”’ will be issued not later than the 25th of each month, and we sincerely hope that all communications will be sent so as to be received wot later than the 20th of each month, to secure prompt publication. SUBSCRIBERS will please note that the price of “The Exchange,’ has been increased to thirty-five cents per annum, and 50 cents to foreign countries. Those who subscribe prior tothe 15thof February will have the benefit of the 25-cent rate. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ +: EXCHANGE THE STRENGTH OF SNAILS ERCEIVING a common snail, //e/ix aspersa, crawling up the window blind one eve- ning, it occurred to me to try what it could draw up perpendicularly. Accordingly, I at- tached to its shell four reels of cotton, fasten- ing one after the other until T ascertained that a greater load would exceed the limit of its strength. I then weighed the entire load and found that it weighed 214 ounces while the snail weighed only 14 ounce. ‘Thus it was able to lift perpendicularly nine times its weight. I then made an experiment with a larger snail weighing one-third ounce, the load being composed chiefly of the same material as the last but so placed as to be drawn in a horizontal position on the table. Reels of cotton to the number ot twelve were fastened to it, with a pair of scissors, a screw driver, a key and a knife, weighing altogether seven- teen ounces, or fifty times the weight of the snail. The same snail when placed on the ceiling was able to travel with a weight of four ounces suspended from its shell. I next tried it on a piece of common thread suspended and hanging loose with another snail of its own weight which it carried up the thread with apparent ease. After this I tried it on a single horse hair strained in a horizontal posi- tion, but it had then enough to do to crawl over this narrow bridge without a load. [E. Sandford, The Gardens, Dale Park, Arundel, Eng. in Zoologist for December. ] RARE CYPRAAS T will be of interest to our readers to have before them a list of the rarer Cypreas, partial it is true, but still valuable to col- lectors of this beautiful and interesting genus. CYPRAA aurantia, Min Barclayi, Reeve bicallosa, Gray Bregertana, Crosse Broderipii, Gray candida, Pease castanea, Higgins chrysalis, Kiener chrysostoma, Kiener clara, Gaskoin coffea, Gray compla, Pease contaminatla, Gray Crosset, Marie Jusco-maculata, Pease gemmula, Weinkauff Goodalit, Gray gracilis, Gaskoin guttata, Rumphius helene, Roberts Jenningsiana, Perry lentiginosa, Gray leucodon, Broderip leucostoma, Gray marginata, Gaskoin Menkena, Deshayes notata, Gill pardalina, Dunker parvula, Philippi Peasel, Gaskoin petitiana, Crosse and Fisher pulchella, Swainson LReevet, Gray Sauliea, Gaskotin Semiplota, Mighels testudinaria, Linneus umbilicata, Sowerby valentia, Perry EROSION OF FRESH-WATER SHELLS R. George W. Shrubsole ( Journal of Conchology, V, 66, 1886) has some notes on erosion of fresh-water shells. He noticed that in specimens of Planorbts living in the Trent Canal, the shell was entire, but after being kept for three months in water from the River Dee, considerable erosion had taken place. This suggested that the char- acter of the water might have a prominent place in the erosion, and analysis showed that the water of the Trent Canal contained about three times as much lime in solution as that from the River Dee. The fact that erosion did not set in at’once is explained by the exist- ence of the epidermis.—American Naturalist for December, 1886. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ + EXCHANGE 35 THE VITALITY OF MOLLUSCA ROF. Angelo Heilprin for a remarkable case of vitality ob- served among certain members of the fauna of the New Jersey Coast. Specimens Emma Walter at Atlantic City in June, 1855, and retained dry during the entire year of | their accidental captivity, were stated to be still alive, although subjected for several months to the abnormal temperature occa- sioned by proximity to a heated wall surface. This, the Professor contended, was perhaps the most extraordinary instance of abnormal vitality known among the marine mollusca, although among the terrestrial and fresh-water forms, especially among those which undergo a partial hibernation, longer periods of semi- adaptation to imposed conditions have been noted. Instances of such survivals were cited by Professor Heilprin and Professor Leidy.— [Proc. Acad. of Natural Sciences, Philadel- phia, June, 1886. ] NEW LOCALITIES Editor Conchologists’ Exchange,Sir: Zém- nea gracilis is found in La Belle Lake, Wau- kesha Co., Wis. Mrs. H. F. Henshall, Cyn thiana, Ky. STRIAE Professor Leidy has named a new annelid Lumbricus glacialis. Dr. H. D. Valin, of Chicago, is the Editor of a new periodical, “The American Journal ef Biology.” Professor J. T. Rothrock, of Philadelphia, is reported as about to visit Europe in search of needed rest. Mr. William B Marshall is Professor Try- on’s capable assistant in his conchological labors. Professor Agassiz found scarcely a score of Helix Brasiliensis on his last visit to South America. is the authority | Dr. Muller of Austria, has been making some exiremely valuable observations on the action of the stomach upon fungi. Professor Alpheus Hyatt read a paper on the ns | “Primitive forms of Cephalopoda” before the of Wassa obsoleta, Say, collected by Miss | National Academy of Sciences, at its meeting November 10, 1886. Professor H. L. Osborne becomes the Editor of “The American Monthly Microscopical Journal” during the absence of Mr Hitchcock in Japan. Ex-President White, of Cornell, has lately donated his library of 30,000 volumes and 10,000 pamphlets, valued at $100,000 to the University. W. Topley, F. G. S., delivered an address on “The Erosion of the Coasts of England and Wales”’ before the Geological Association of England, November 5, 1886. Miss Graceanna Lewis, of Germantown, Philadelphia, intends delivering a course of scientific lectures throughout the country. Miss Lewis is a sister of Professor H. Carvill Lewis, the noted Geologist. Dr. C. A. White has lately discovered the following new Cretaceous fossils: Trochus (Oxystele), euryostomus; Cerithium Pillingi; Cerithium Totium Sanctorum; Solarium Wallalense and Nerita Californiensis. Dr.C. W. Kimmins has delivered a very im- portant lecture before the Ley’s Natural History Society on “* The Discovery of Human Bones, Pottery, etc., at Hauxton Mills, near Cam- bridge, Eng.’ The skulls are neolithic and Dr. Kimmins is of the opinion that this find proves that neolithic men must have lived on into historic times. THE noted American Naturalist, Professor Te H. Ryder, makes the following capital sugges- tions—‘ Structures that are disappearing should be called vestiges. Structures which are still imperfect but are appearing Ought to be called rudiments.” 36 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE NECROLOGY Carl Oscar Hamnstrom, Swedish botanist, died July 5, 1886. Dr. Charles Robert Bree, British ornitholo- gist, died October 17,1886. Mr. J. S. Harrison, microscopist, died Oc- tober 6, 1886. at Malton, England. Paul Bert, physiologist, died last November in the 54th year of his age. The death of Rev. W. Downs, F. G. S. the distinguished geologist and botanist, is an- nounced. The death of Dr. Joseph G. Richardson of | Philadelphia, an eminent microscopist is an- nounced; aged 51 years. ANSWERS TO CORRESPON- DENTS W., Toledo, O. | Your supposition that Jan was a Swiss writer is correct. S.C. Tritiaria is a fossil genus occurring in the Miocene formation, Virginia. The specimem sent was of recent origin. J. A. B. Ceylon would be a possible local- ity for your specimens as they both hail from India, East Indies, ete. Pyrosus should be Pyrazus. Halia. The genus Halia is a synonym for Buccinum and was adopted by MacGillivray. Please consult a standard work for answers to your other questions. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED The American Monthly Microscopical Jour- nal—The West America Scientist—The Cana- dian Entomologist—The Microscopal Bulletin and Science News—The National Educator. Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 1, No. 8, from’ A Woodward, Librarian. Con ; Exchange Column Exchanges which are merely indirect offers of arti- cles for money, will not be accepted. We wil! not hold ourselves responsible for any mis- takes or disappointments occurring because of bad faith on the part of any of our exchangers. Terms, which must be cash with order, are as fol- lows: Exchanges of 20 words, including address, 10 | cents; for each additional 10 words the charge will be 5 cents. No exchange will be inserted for less than 10 cents. 75 cents per annum for a monthly exchange of 20 words ; $1.00 per annum for a monthly exchange of 30 words, with privilege of change each month, EXCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA OFFERED:—Goniobasis comalensis, pleurostriatus : Helix auriformis, texasiana, febigeri, mooreana, ber- landieriana, espiloca; Helicina tropica, occulta: Buli- mulus schiedianus, mooreanus; Gundlachia, Pyrgulop- sis, Tryonia, etc., for fresh-water shells. H. A. PILSBRY, Davenport, Iowa. -OFFERED:—Trivia Californica, Gray; Crepidula navacelloides, Nutt., adunca, Sby. Mopalia muscosa, Gld., Stenoradsia magdalensis, Rve., Tonicella lineata, Wood, Lepidopleurus Cooperi, Cpr. Trachydermon pseudodentiens, Cpr. Haliotis Cracherodi, Leach, rufescens, Swains; Mytilus Californianus, Con.; Pach- ydesma crassatelloides, Con.; ‘Tapes staminea, Con.; Schizotheurus Nuttallii, Con.; Saxodomus Nuttallii, Zirphaza crispata, L. Helix Traskii, Nwe; Physa politissima, Tryon; for wants in Mollusca. GEO. W. MICHAEL, Jr., Morro Bay, Cal. NUMEROUS duplicates of European Land, Fresh- water and Marine shells to exchange for American Land and Fresh-water Shells. GF. ANCEY, Marseilles, France. FOSSIL Land and Fresh-water Shells wanted; also, recent forms of Fossil genera, British and Foreign. CHAS. MUSSON, 23 Napperiy Hill, Nottingham, Eng. OFFERED:—Ceylonese Shells, including rare spe- cies of Helix, Bulimus, Cyclophorus, Cataulus, etc. Wantep:—Good Foreign or British Shells. Miss LINTER, Twickenham, Eng. OFFERED:—P. lineatus, A. fluviatilus, H. Cartu- siana, H. caperata var major and ornata, P. secale, B. perversa, C. Rolphii, and A acicula. Wanted, British land and fresh water shells. C. H. MORRIS, School Hill, Lewes, Sussex, Eng. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ + EXCHANGE 37 WANTED:—British and Continental Unionide ex- cept “‘batavus.’’ Offered:—British land and: fresh water shells. G.S. TYE, 1o Richmond road, Bir- mingham, Eng. MISCELLANEOUS EXCHANGES OFFERED :—Florida Moss, Woods, Palmetto, Alligator Teeth, Wild Boar Tusks, etc., for foreign shells, curios, etc. C.F. SULZNER, Palatka Fla. cena WANTED: Emu and Cassowary eggs in exchange for named shells. ID) ee WANTED: Perfect Echinoderms, for named shells. D. W. FERGUSON, 138 Wilson st. Brooklyn, N. Y. OFFERED:—100 british Wild plants, mounted on good paper, 16xro in. for correctly named microscopic slides. J. J. PORTER, Perranarworthal,Cornwall,Eng. TERTIARY and other fossils from Southern States and Europe; 50 species of Birds’ Eggs, and 60 pounds of Minerals consisting of Amethyst on Agate; Agates rough and polished: Pyromorphite: Native Copper: Zinc blende: Galena: rare Iron Ores, &c., &c., for strictly fine and correctly named Mollusca from South and Central America, Asia, Africa, and Australia. Address, W. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Philada., Pa. WANTED:—Histological and Pathological micro. slides. Dr. J. H. SMITH, 909 S. Charles st. Balti- more, Md. * WANTED:—A good work on Mollusca, fora be- ginner; not too expensive. Mollusca and curiosities to exchange. Send for list. EDWIN J. STEBBINS, Adrian, Mich. KIRBY’S European Butterflies and Moths, new, cost 37 sh. 6 d. to exchange for telescope, album crustacea or other objects. JAMES ELLISON, Steelton, Leeds, Eng. BOOK EXCHANGE OPEN TO ALL SCIENTISTS AT THE SAME RATE AS ““ EXCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA’”’ OFFERED:—Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca 75 Edition: Leidy’s Memoir of the Extinct Sloth Tribe, N. A.: Lea’s Syn. of Family of Naiades, ’52 edtn: Hays’ Descrip. Inf. Maxys Bones of Mastodons, 10 plates: Agassiz & Gould’s Comp. Physiology: Bohn’s edt’n: Coultas, Prin. Botany, Cryptogamia: Lea’s on a Fossil Saurian of the New ed Sandstone Formt’n; Lesquereux’s Cretacceus Flora, 50 plates, Smith’n Mis. Col. Vol. 4, Neuroptera, Vol. 6 Diptera and Coleop- tera, 3 pp out. WANTED:—First 3 vol. Lea’s Obs. Genus; Unio: Say’s American Conchology: Gould’s Invertebrata of Mass: Kiener’s@plates of Shells: Carpenter’s works: Tryon’s Monog. Terr, Moll. of U. S., Sowerby’s Conch. Manual and Plates for offers in works on Con- chology. W. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Phila. OFFERED:—“A Manual of Zoology,”’ by M. Milne Edwards; ‘“‘A Manual of Blow pipe Analysis,’’ by Wm. Elderhurst, M. D.: ‘‘Sulphurets,’’ how concen- trated, worked and assayed. Wanted—a good copy of ““Woodward’s Manual of Mollusca,’” and other works on Conchology. G. W. MICHAEL, Jr. Morro, Cal. WANTED:—Tryon, American Marine Conchology, colored edition. Offered—Sowerby Veneridce: Knorr, Hoorns en Schulzen. M. M. SCHEPMAN, Rhoon, near Rotterdam, Holland. WANTED in exchange, . any illustrated books on British Grasses and Mosses. TPP RO RATER Perranarworthal, Cornwall. ; OFFERED:—Cassell’s for good fossils or shells. ‘Technical Educator, new, R. CAIRNS, Ashton-under-Lyne, Eng. WHAT offers for volumes II and IV, of Tpeiecteal Observer, and volume I, and 22 parts “of Popular Sci- ence Review. R. BROKENSHIRE, Oxford, Eng. OFFERED:—Fossils, Minerals, Magazines, etc., for type, rule. F. E. WETHERELL, Oskaloosa, Iowa. WANTED:—Scientific Books in exchange. G. W. HUMPHREY, Box 160 Dedham. Mass. THe WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST moar Journal, established in 1884, begins a new volume as a 24-page illustrated monthly POPULAR SCIENCE A feature consists of articles on topography and natural history of Upper and Lower California magazine of Eminent Scientists are contributors. Price $1.00 per year, 10 cents a copy Send 25 cents for a g months’ trial subscription Agents Wanted Cc. R. ORCUTT, Editor, San Diego, Cal. 38 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS'’ : EXCHANGE PINE: SO@ksS FOR Sy iS It is said of Quaritch that Eee you entrust him with a cash order you will receive the book value of your money. honesty, coupled with a hearty we have all of Quaritch’s Now, while desire to please you, we have not achieved his repu- tation. tion for anybody. These books will establish a Sold only for Cash. reputa- fes~ The highest reference given if desired. =a Kirby and Spence. An introduc- tion to Entomology or Elements of the Natural History of Insects with Plates, by Wm. Kirby and Wm. Spence, 4th edtn: 4 vols. %- morocco: london. /1822. \ Price $18—Regular price $20. D’Orbigny Charles M. Diction- aire universel D’ Histoire Natur- elle; ‘Dirige, Par Ma Charles D’Orbigny. 15 vols.; 12 vols. of text and 3 vols. of plates, %4-mo- rocco; Paris; 184@. Price $70. Regular price $75. Westurood J. O. Arcana Entom- ologica or Illustrations of new, rare, and interesting Insects. 2 vols. %-morocco, London 1845. Price $27.50. Regular price $30. Sowerby, J. Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells for the use of Students in Conchology and Geology. Illustrated with 264 original Plates. 2 volumes, 8-vo. %-morrocco. London, (N. D.). Price $15. Regular price $17.50. Lowe, i. T. Vetepnene: James and Francis. Illustrations of British Entomolo- ey, or a Synopsis of Indigenous Insects, containing their generic and specific Distinctions. ._Em- bellished with colored figures ot the rarer and more intelligent species. 12 volumes; %-roan London, 1828. Price $50. Reg- ular price $55. Ferns, British and Exotic, 8 vols. New and Rare Ferns, I vol.; British Grasses, 1 vol.; Beautiful Leaved Plants, I vol.; Illustrated with beauti- ful, Plates ingcolorsy Mosethe, 11 vols. royal 8-vo. Half levant-morocco extra, gilt tops, London, 1872. Price $95. Regu- lar price $100. Woodward. Manual of the Mol- lusca, with Appendix by Ralph Tate. 642pp: 23 plates, 441 figures, 270 illustrations, London 1880 edition. | Price $2.50 post- paid. Formerly $2.60. The same, 1875 edtn, price $2 post-paid. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ + EXCHANGE Entomology. Drury D. Exotic Illustrations of, wherein are ex- | hibited upwards of 600 Insects of | the East and West Indies, China, New Holland, North and South | America, Germany, etc., very few of which are figured in any other work. New edition with additions and Scientific Indexes by J. O. Westwood. 150 Plates beautifully colored. 3 vols.4 to. ¥% morocco,uncut. London,1837. Price $25. . “ . | “This exquisite work of Drury displays the complete insect ina degree of perfection | ” 39 owe, dust.) Beautiful) Leaved | Plants. Being a description of the most beautiful leaved Plants in Cultivation in this country. With 60 col’d illustrations. 8-vo. | Half morocco extra, gilt tops. London 1861. Price $10. Regu- lar price $12. Tryon, Geo. W.Jr.Structural and Systematic Conchology, and, also, Manual of Conchology. The latest works for Conchologists. Subscriptions taken and _ filled. Circulars sent on application. that leaves nothi.g to be desired Sy | James E. Smith. Gould, John. A Century of Birds from the Himalaya Mountains. | Folio: %-morocco.(Scarce.) Price 670, eoular price $75. | Speciat Notice:—A few second- hand copies of Tryon’s Structural and Systematic Conchology for sale at $5.00—Cash. Penn Printing Company Orders sent to the Office of The Conchologists Exchange, Chestnut Hill, will have prompt attention MERMAID AVENUE CHESTNUT HILL—— PHILADELPHIA CATALOGUES... MOUNTING CARDS=::.. LABELS ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY FURNISHED 40 THE : CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE TJ phabetical Price-I ist of Shells RECEIVED SINCE THE TeERms:—Cash with order. chasers in all cases. ISSUE OF CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE NO. 6 Express charges to be borne by pur- Nore :—A Discount of 10 per cent, payable in shells at list prices, will be allowed on all orders of $5 and upwards accompanied with the “cash.” This discount applies to “Price List of Mollusca, No 2,” quent Lists until further notice. and all subse- Names b yy Prof.Tr yon, localities exact. BIVALVES ASAPHIS deflorata,L.(Bahamas) 15 to 25 e “* (Society Is.)25 arenosa, Rumph . 235 ANODONTA implicata, Say... f CIRCE pectinata, L. CYTHEREA . 20 - 15 to 30 25 trimaculata, Lam DOSINA > 205 discus, Rve. « D5; DONAX AIS, (Clie sy 4 na LINGULA 5, Sasi anatina, L ala uer ii, gibba, Spo. . 2. 20; MESODESMA Novee-zelandiz, Chem. 25, MYTILICARDIA variegata, Brug.. . . 15, TRIGONIA Lamarckii,Gray. . . 25, UNIVALVES ACHATINELLA LoratasyHeus ethane mustelina, Migh. Witt We. 5. 1. 5 5, LO 25 20 apicata, Nwe. 5, 10 curta. Nwe. . . 10,15 diversa, Gulick . 10, Dunkeri, Cumg. 20, olivacea, Rve. 5 producta, Rieu... 5, 10 Varian Gullick: ty tsheen ee 15, virens, Sf. yo 6 oO Bip l@ Byronii, Gray | 2 ee 55 LO 25 | bella, Rve, . | gracilis, |rosea, Swn Mahogani, Gulick . Dwightii, Nwc . perdix, Rve proximus, Pse . Redfieldii, Nwe. tessellata, Nwc. viral Mgh. ot Vales “ “e ee Helena, Nwe. . physa, Nwe Mighelsiana, Pfr. polita, Nwe. | staminea, Rve. . sanguinea, Nwe, venusta, Mgh. plicata, Mgh. . brunnea, Smith . affinis, Nwc. . | nigrolabris, Gulick nubilosa, Mgh | obesa, Nwe. rubens, Gould . . SOLOrINiWiGs. seas spirizona, Fer. ventulus, Fer . violacea, Nwe. Hutchinsonii, Pse. . | chrystallina, Gulick . |labiata, Nwe. . nitida, Nwe.. Bir. crassuls, Smith. . auricula, Fer. . cinnamomea, Pfr. . Alexandri, Nwe. PeLOM NSM Liss 20) ese 5 Gy: + 10} 20) CYPREA ventriculus, L. 50, mauritiana, L . 20 to 50 CONUS imperialis, L - 75 | striatus, IE, . 60 FASCIOLARIA ‘trapezium, IL; + 005, 2880) FISSURELLA picta, Gmel.( Patagonia) 40 HALIOTIS | pulcherrima, Mtn. . . 25, HELIX | tephrodes, Pfr. 505,200 | ovum, Val. . - 50, 1.00 | MITRA |cucumerina, Lam . . 20, MUREX triquetra, Born. =) 205 NASSA vibex, Say. 5 Be 5: PATELLA | deaurata, Gmel. (Patagonia) 35 cochlear, Born. (Cape of GHope) 25, 30 PTEROCERA scorpio, L . . 355 millipedes, L . (610), lambis, L. “30s chiragra, L. . 40, PYTHIA leopardus, Rve.. . <1 205 chalcostoma, A. Ads. 25, RIMELLA cancellata, Lams). - 40; Che Conchologists Exchange. ~ Wee RIGHT SECURED Mote ale CHESINUD BILE PHILADELPHIA, PAY FEBRUARY, 1887. No. 8 A Publication Designed for Conchologists and Scientists generally. WO DAV ERELL, Epvitor ano PustisHER. 4ig> Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as fables items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all. Matters for A cbiicadon must be received by the twentieth of each month. TERMS Subscription, per annum - - To Foreign Countries - - Single copies three cents each Remittance should be sent by Money Order, Postal Note, or by Registered letter. Unused United States Postage Stamps will be receiv Be in any amount in pay- ment of bills. Address all correspondence to WM. D. AVERELL, Editor and Publisher, Chestnut Hill. Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A. ADVERTISING RATES. » One inch, displayed, 1 month ........-.... $ 75 One inch, displayed, 3 months ........-..... I 50 One-half column, displayed,1 month ...... 2 50 One-half column, displayed, 3 months...... 5 00 One column, displayed, 1 month ............ 5 00 One column, displayed, 3 months... 10 00 > ie the first of August, 1886, we have ! distributed freely among the scientists of this and foreign countries upwards of 15,000 copies of THE CoNCHOLoGIsTs’ Ex- CHANGE and we have the great satisfaction of hearing from many sources that our liberality is appreciated. A glance at our columns in this number will convince you that we justly think our publication ot more value to science than ever, while a kindly comparison with the early numbers will clinch the argument. As promised, Mr. William A. Marsh begins in this number a highly interesting series Gi orici- nal articles on the land and fresh-water shells of Mercer County, Ulinois. Mr. Charles T. Simpson of Ogallala, Nebraska, contributes a valuable paper which will throw much light upon the molluscan fauna of Tampa Bay, Florida. Our Young Collectors’ Corner makes its first appearance this month and is designed, as its title indicates, for beginners in Conchol- ogy. Dr. V. Sterki, late of Switzerland, has written for this column an article which will be of especial value to our young friends in collecting shells. We agree with Dr. Sterki in urging the young to collect and study the smaller shells as well as the larger specimens, for in no other way can the youthful scholar hope to excel. A NOTABLE instance of unchanged habitatis furnished in the case of Cyclostoma elegans. This pretty shell is found to-day in Burwell Wood, Lincolnshire, England, in the same lo- cality in which it was found in 1678 by Dr. Martin Lister an enthusiastic conchologist who records the fact in his quaint work entitled fistore Animalium Anglie.”’ Dr. Lister also found Zonites fulvus in moss at the roots of trees in the same noted forest, but lat@r writers have pronounced it extinct in that locality. Apropos of this circumstance, and in view of the painstaking and loving care with which successful collectors pursue their studies in Concholozy, we wish to impress upon young collectors the importance of exactness in recording the details of their rural excursions and evening experiments. THE nextnumber will contain an article up- on the Helicidee, by Mr. C.F. Ancey, continued from No. 5; one from Rev. W. M. Beauchamp upon * The Erosion of Fresh-Water Shells,” together with a continuation of the two Jead- ing contributions begun in this issue. The admission to this feast will be a fully paid sub- scription presented at the door. 42 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MERCER CoO,, ILL. BY WILLIAM A. MARSH. HERE is, perhaps, no locality in the Northern States that can furnish to the ardent collector more species of fluvia- tile mollusks than Mercer County, Illinois. The Mississippi River, which washes its whole Western boundary, with its numerous sloughs, the great number of small iakes and ponds i in the Northwestern part of the County, known as the Bog Island, make it a grand repository for molluscan life. We have, also, Edwards and Pope Creeks running the entire length of the County from East to West, and emptying their waters into the Misissippi River, besides some four or fiv hich furnish a few species not found in the river proper. An experience of nearly hfteen years careful collecting in the waters of this County has very likely brought to light about all the species that will be found in the County. The family Unionide is represented by fifty- seven described species, forty-five of which belong to the sub-genus C720, five to Alargaritana, and seven to the sub-genus Azodonta. + Nores ON FLUVIATILE SPECIES, FAMILY Unionide, SUB-GENUS Unio. 1.—Unto anodontoides, Lea. This fine and very distinct species (which has a geographical distribution from Western New York to the Colorado River of Texas), is found rather commonly in the Mississippi River, and very abundantly in the adjoining sloughs. The forms found in the river are either of a milky white or light straw-colored epidermis; while the forms found in the sloughs are beautifully rayed. It is a smooth, wide species with a rather thick shell. It seems to be quite an active species, for I have often found it in considerable numbers very near the margin of the river, or slough, in times of high water. 2.—Unio ALsopus, Green. This isasparsely nodulous Uzo0, oblique in outline. It is found rather commonly in the river and usually keeps in deep water. This species attains a larve size and when adult has a dark brown epidermis. It is very distinc. from any other species found in our locality, and when once known may be easily identifiedt The animal of A‘%so) us is always of a reddish or salmon color. 3.-—Unio alatus, Say. This beautitul species occurs rather rarely in the Mississippi, but is more common in the sloughs along the river. It is a winged or symphynote shell and is usually covered with dark green rays. The nacre is always of a pink or chocolate color. Alatus often attains a large size, the finest specimens being obtained from the sloughs. 4 —Unio arctior, Lea. This shell is probably only a variety of C7270 gtbbosus, Barnes. It however differs from g7é- doses in having a white nacre and it seems to attain a larger size. I have found it in but one stream (Edw ards Creek) and regard it as a very rare species in this locality. I have re- ceived this shell from Ohio, Indiana, Tennes- see, Alabama and Arkansas. 5.—Unio asperrimus, Vea. This very fine nodulous shell is very close to our Unio lacrymosus, I-ea, differmg in its larger size and very much longer and sharper tubercles and it is also more inflated. U/zzo0 asperrimus occurs only in the Mississippi and is very rare. I have not found over a dozen of this species. 6.— Unio cafax, Green. Capax is one of our finest and most interest- ing species. It is found only in the Missis- sippi and I regard it as a rather rare shell. It is a very active species and when the river is low it may be found busily plowing its way through the sand. The epidermis is smooth and of a yellowish horn color, although occa- sionally a specimen may be found having a beautiful pink nacre and covered with dull RHE = CONCHOLOGISTS? BNCHANGE, 35 green rays. In some respects Unio capax fa- vors Unio ventrisosus but it is very distinct, however, from that shell. 7.—Unio coccineus, Hildreth. This extremely variable species is found only in Edwards Creek, where it is associated with Unio rubiginosus, Lea, which it much resembles, but as found has a much smoother epidermis, is more beautifully rayed, and has a beautiful pink nacre. It is a very rare spe- cies here and will probably soon be extinct. §.— Unto cornutus, Barnes. This species is found rather sparingly in the Mississippi. I regard it as very constant in its characteristics, although I often find individuals entirely devoid of rays. It is a tuberculate shell, and is usually very finely colored with greenish dots and rays. g.— Unio crassidens, am. This is a very thick and heavy species, with dark pink nacre. When young, crassidens is beautifully rayed, but the ravs usually become obsolete as the shell grows older. It is found only in the river and is very rare, as in fifteen years’ collecting I have secured but three specimens. r0.—Unio donacifornis, Lea. This small and very handsome species is found rather commonly in the river and adjoin- ing sloughs. Itis the waleof Unio zig-zag,Lea, and as Mr. Lea named it first, it lhes prece- dence. Mr. Lea’s types were from Tennessee but there is little difference between our shells and those in my cabinet from the Cumberland River, Tennessee. t1.—Unio Dorfeucllianus, Lea. Ihave very rarely found this species in the river. It is a fine shell and apparently very closely allied to Unio pustulosus, Lea, although it seems to differ from pzs/u/osus in having a darker epidermis and fewer nodules. It also differs in oce¢Uinve, which is triancular, while pustulosus is subrotund. For some reason I have not been able to secure a single specimen of it for some three or four years. 12.—Unio ebenus, Lea. This common species has a dark brown epidermis and is thick and solid in structure. The male is quite different in outline from the female. This is the most abundant species in the river, equalling in numbers all other species of Uniones combined. When collecting in deep water it proves very troublesome as it is often necessary to handle a vast number of this shell in order to obtain other more desirable kinds. It is a deep water shell and very slue- gish in its movements, preferring soft, gravelly Boron: and seems to discard muddy locations Ebenus has a white, pearly and very iridescent nacre, but occasionally I have found it having the nacre tinged with pink. 13.— Unio ellipsis, Lea. This is a very abundant species and takes rank next to Unzo ebenus for numbers. It is of a smooth, elliptical form, with a dark brown or dark green epidermis. Some specimens have finely marked rays, while many are (especially when adult) entirely devoid of them. This species is at times very active and may be found near the margin of the Mississippi in great numbers, expecially the very young and half- grown individuals, r4.— Unio elegans, Lea. . As its name implies, this is one of our mest beautiful species. It is only found in the river and is rather a rare shell. In its surface mark- ing and nacre, it is extremely variable, hardly any two shells being found alike. Some spe- cimens have a salmon colored nacre, some are pink, others are white, shining and very irides- cent; others, still, are beautifully rayed, while some are found entirely devoid of rays. The color of the epidermis is also variable, ranging from a light straw, through the various shades of green to those of dark and light olive in in different specimens. The epidermal mark- ings of some are very remarkable, being covered with greenish spots, some cuneiform and others zig-zag, interrupted by lines of growth. To de continued. 44 RECORD OF A TWO DAYS’ DREDG- ING CRUISE IN TAMPA BAY, FLORIDA. BY CHAS. T. SIMPSON, HE following record of a two days’ dredg- ing cruise in Tampa Bay, Florida, will serve to show the wonderful richness of marine molluscan life upon the West coast of Florida, both as to numbers and species. I found this locality to be one of the richest for small species of any visited in my sojourn of four years in the state. The record was made out immediately after the work was done. Some names have been added and corrections made since. Locality: Tampa Bay, Florida, from mouth of Manatee River to Point Pinellas, Mullet Key and return. fathoms. Date, August 3d and 4th, 1885. SPECIES LIVING DEAD Strombus pugilis, L. . Many Strombus pugilis,var alatus,Gmel. 8 I (Young.) Murex pomum), Gmel, "2 sel auiver I (Dead and Worn.) Murex nuceus, Morch . . . . Many ‘ Muricidea Hemphilli, Dall . . Many A few Murex cellulosa, Con. ? Many This shell agrees better with Con- al description of this than anything else. The species is unfigured. Urosalpinx cinerea, Say . Many Eupleura caudata,Say'. .. . 5 Fasciolaria distans, Lam... . I Young. Pulsar pyrum; Dill’) 2a I (Very young.) NassaltvibexisSayi. 2" Many oe ambigua, Mont. . ats I (Very fine: the form consensa, Ray.) Marginella apicina, Mke.. . . 4 mitidas: Hids!! 2 =a: I (Small, but full grown.) Olivella mutica, Say . (Mostly quite small.) “ce Many Many Depth, one to six | THE -: CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE SPECIES LIVING DEAD Olivella mutica,.var. . . Many (Young; a delicate form, zig-zagged with yellow lines.) Oliva literata, Lam. 5 : (In six fathoms.) Columbella mercatoria, L. . . Tl fest Ys (Young, but fine.) Columbella lunata, Say . ee semiplicata, Stns (All incrusted; many dead with hermit crabs. ) Columbella acuta, Stearns .. ce Steams, liryonw seems I A Few Many a HlotessiumOrb, . 4 nly 2 Conus pygmeeus, Rve. 2 (Very dark; fresh.) Conus Pealii, Green . : 2 a (Covered with barnacles and shells; ) Terebra protexta, Con. . Many (Some quite fresh.) Terebra dislocatus,Say. .. . ce concava Sayers ee I I (Not hitherto reported on the West coast that I know of.) | Pyramidella tessellata, Ad. 4 ; Eulima conoidea, Ktz. & Stm 3 2 (Live specimens, very fine, covered with young oysters.) Scalaria angulata, Say... . . I Bunty Turbonilla Viridaria, Dall. Betss Many Natica pussilla, Say . Several .. (Young; very richly marked, car- ried by hermit crabs.) Natica duplicata,Say ... . erate I Sigaretus perspectivus, Say .. .. I Rissoina pulchra, C. B. Ad (?). Grek Bittium nigrum, Tatt Many Many (Both the dark and pale varieties.) Galerus caudeanus, Orb. (The only living specimen I ever obtained.) 1 Several Odostoma granatina, Dall 3 Niso anglees, Bush 4 (Twor young.) Crepidula fornicata, Say . .. Many .. a6 plana, Say . . Many, 2% (On interior of dead shells.) Phasianella umbilicata, Orb. : Bulla occidentalis, Ad. . I Actzeon punctatus, Orb . 3 5 seu) PHOTidants). Con.) ae I 3 To be continued. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE 45 - Young Collectors’ Corner. COLLECTING SHELLS IN DRIFT. BY V. STERKI, M. D. NEW PHILADELPHIA, O. 3a this time of the year freshets are very prevalent throughout the country, and this very fact furnishes you with an ex- cellent opportunity to collect the smaller spe- cies of land and fresh-water shells. Gather carefully the fine drift deposited in smaller or larger quantities—sometimes very little and yet valuable—at the edge of high water, by basketfuls or even bushels, carry it home and let it dry upon a suitable piece of cloth, such an an old bed sheet. When the drift is dry, shake and rub it gently, pass it through a sieve or handle it otherwise so that the smaller par- ticles may be separated. Place these by hand- fuls upon the table and pick out the small shells with the aid of a fine pair of pincers. You will, in most instances, find many valuable specimens. Vertigos. Many of these shells will be more or less weathered, while a part of them will be found in good condition. | You may find species in this way which you have looked for in vain elsewhere, while your attention may be directed to certain new forms not thought of before. VALVES. Shells have valves just as books have leaves, and upon these valves you may read their life- histories. President Dwight, of Yale College, has a scholarly stoop in his shoulders, and seeing this and not meaning any disrespect, a little NewHaven girl said to her mother: ““Mamma, I think he is the s¢oofedest man I ever did see.” A funny little mollusk dwells in the harbor of Sydney, Australia, known by the name of Trigonia,(three-cornered), Aspecimen of the comb-like 7Jyigonia or TJ. pectinata, Lam. when placed on the gunwale of his boat by Look especially for Pupas and | States and foreign countries. Mr. Stutchbury, leapt overboard, clearing a ledge of four inches. The boys and girls interested in shells and living near San Joaquin River, Cala., will have no trouble in collecting fresh-water mussels (Unionidz) now,as the water is low and the river bed and the bottom of the large sloughs are fairly covered with them. Pearls of. fair color are found in these bivalves. Did you ever collect shells at Cape Henlopen, Delaware? We have, and at low tide have se- cured fine specimens of Bzsycon. Pyrula, Natica, Crepidula, Sigaretus, Petricola, Litto- rina, Soler, and many others too numerous to mention here, certainly enough specimens to keep your hands and heads busy for many eyen- ings and leisure days. Gechange Galumn. Terms, which must be cash with order, are as fol- lows: Exchanges of 20 words, including address, to cents; for each additional 10 words the charge will be 5 cents. No exchange will be inserted for less than to cents. 75 cents per annum for a monthly exchange of 20 words ; $1.00 per annum for a monthly exchange of 30 words, with privilege of change each month. -MISCELLANEOUS EXCHANGES. OFFERED :—Numerous species of European and exotic Coleoptera and land, fresh-water and Mediterra- nean shells in exchange for mollusks from the United FELIX ANCEY, 34 Montie de Lodi, Marseilles, France. WANTED :—Eocene fosaie named and localized in exchange for others. G. E. EAST, Jr., 241 Evering, road, Upper Clapton, Eng. OFFERED:—A Swift’s microtome in good condition, Wanted—Standard books. ©. MORLEY, 21 Eccleston road, Ealing, W. Eng. WANTED:—Nests with eggs of British and foreign birds. Rare eggs offered in exchange. J. T. T. REED, Ryhope, Durham, Eng. HERBARIUM—British and foreign. What offers? J. H. LEWIS, F. L. S., 145 Windsor street, Liverpool. OFFERED :—Many continental dried plants. Send list for exchange. C. COPINEAU, Somme, France Continued on page 48 THE (CONCHOLEOEISTS = EXCHANGE FINE 2@@l2S Peon sfc It is said of Quaritch that should you entrust him with a cash order you will receive the book value of your money. Now, while we have all of Quaritch’s honesty, coupled with a hearty desire to please you, we have not achieved his repu- tation. tion for anybody. These books will establish a reputa- Sold only for Cash. fes> The highest reference given if desired. ay Kirby and Spence. An introduc- ' tion to Entomology or Elements of the Natural History of Insects with Plates, by Wm. Kirby and Wm. Spence, 4th edtn: 4 vols. %4- morecco: Wondon, 1522: \Wakice | $18—Reegular price $20. D’Orbigny Charles M. Diction-' aire universel D’Histoire Natur- elle) Diriges Par “Ni hares D’Orbigny. 15 vols.; 12 vols. of text and 3 vols. of plates, %4-mo- rocco; Paris, 1640), “rice. 470: Regular price $75. | Westwood J. QO. Arcana Entom- | ologica or Illustrations of new, | rare, and interesting Insects. 2 | vols. %4-morocco. London 1845. Price $27.50. Regular prieeis30: Sowerby, J. Genera of Recent and I*ossil Shells for the use of | Students in Conchology and | Geology. Illustrated with 264 | original Plates. 2 volumes, 8-vo. | yY-morrocco. London, ((Nim,). Price $15.) Regularipricepii7 sso.) | Stephens, James and Francis. Illustrations ot British Entomolo- ey, or a Synopsis of Indigenous Insects, containing their generic and specific Distinctions. Em- bellished with colored figures ot the rarer and more interesting species. 12 volumes; %-roan London, 1828. Price $50. Reg- ular price $55. Lowe, &.T. Ferns, British and Exotic, 8 vols. New and Rare Ferns, 1 vol. BritisheGrassess 1 vol.; Beautiful Leaved Plants, 1 vol.; Illustrated with beauti- ful Plates in colors. Together 11 vols., royal 8-vo. Half levant-morocco extra, gilt tops, London, 1872. Price $95. Regu- lar price $100. Woodward. Manual of the Mol- lusca, with Appendix by Ralph Tate. 642 pp: 23 plates, 441 figures, 270 illustrations, London 880 edition. Price $2.50 post- paid, Formerly $2.60. The same, 1875 edtn, price $2 post-paid. THE -CONCHOLOGISTS” > EXCHANGE 47 Lowe, &. 2. Beautiful Leaved Plants.’ Being a description of the most beautiful leaved Plants in Cultivation in this country. With 60 col’d illustrations. 8-vo. Half morocco extra, gilt tops. London 1861. Price $10. Regu- lar price $12. Drury D. Exotic Entomology. | Illustrations of, wherein are ex- | hibited upwards of 600 Insects of | the East and West Indies, China, New Holland, North and South | America, Germany, etc, very | few of which are figured in any | other work. New edition with | additions and Scientific Indexes | b by J. O. Westwood. 150 Plates Tryon, Geo. W.Jr.Structural and Systematic Conchology,and, also, Manual of Conchology. The latest works for Conchologists. beautifully colored. 3 vols.4 to. ¥% morocco,uncut. London,1837. | Price $25. | : Aas “This exquisite work of Drury displays Subscriptions taken and _ filled. the complete msect ina degree of perfection | Circulars sent on application. that leaves nothing to be desired.’’—Sir James E. Smith. Gould, John A Century of Birds from the Himalaya Mountains. SpeciaL Notice:—A_ few second- hand copies of Tryon’s Structural Folio: %-morocco.(Scarce.) Price | and Systematic Conchology for $70. Regular price $75. | sale at $5.00—Cash. Penn Printing Company eerie ye erelOsie on The MERMAID AVENUE Conchologists’ Exchange, Chestnut CHESTNUT HILL—— fill, will have prompt attention PHILADELPHIA Ci NVeOGUESiy MOUNTING CARDS > LABELS ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY FURNISHED 48 DAE | CONCHOLOGISTS=. EXCHANGE EXCHANGES IN MOLLUSCA. WANTED :—American correspondents interested in the study of the genus Pupa (including Pupilla, Vertigo, etc.), of the U.S. | Duplicates and other shells for ex- change. V.'S TERKI, M. D., New Philadelphia, O. OFFERED :—Two hundred species of shells and © Davies’ ‘‘Egg Check List’’ in exchange for books on Conchology; send title and state the condition of your book and I will send you list of the shells. HINKLEY, Du Bois, Ill. WANTED :—Pisidium roseum, Zonites nitidus, Z. | glaber, Test. haliotoidea,Succinea oblonga, Helix fusca, H. pygmeza, Pupa ringens and Acme lineata. desiderata. British land and fresh-water shells offered. J. R. B. MASEFIELD, Rosehill, Staffordshire, Eng. WANTED :—P. vivipara, Helix arbustorum, H. ericetorum, D. polymorpha, C laminata, C. tridens, A. anatina, for other land and fresh-water shells. J. C. BLACKSHAW, 4 Ranelagh road, Wolverhampton, Eng. Send | | : (Abe AA RG Advertisements such as the following inserted — ° at the rate of 75 cents each insertion. FOR SALE Helix infumata ten cents; H. arrosa ten cents, each. 500 species Pacific Coast Coleoptera; good specimens. Satisfaction Guaranteed. Price-List on Application. 'L. B. RICKSECKER, Occidental, Cal. BOOK EXCHANGE. WANT ED :—Conchologia conten Vols: 18-20 ; also Monograph on Mollusca. State wants. Miss LINTER, Twickenham, Eng. List of Poles and Binio Dine Shells RECEIVED SINCE THE ISSUE OF CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE NO. 7. Terms:—Cash with order. Express charges to be borne by pur- chasers in all cases. Nore:—A Discount of 10 per cent, payable in shells at list prices, will be allowed on all orders of $5 and upwards accompanied with the “cash.” This discount applies to “Price List of Mollusca, No 2,” and all subse- quent Lists until further notice. Mames by Prof. Tryon, localities exact. AULOPOMA Samoensis, Rve .. . 15 | lirata, Mouss | .°. . 5,10 helicinum,Chem (Ceylon) 15 | corporosa,Gould . 10, 15 | lugubris, Pse (Type) 15 AMPOLEARIA PYRAMIDELLA lutea, Wess aver 1 OSS Layardi, Rve . SON a eutitae sean en 25 | Navigatoria, Pfr. . . 20 CYCLOSTOMA 2 Otaheitana, Brg . . 10, 15 : cas OLIVA | : Kraussianum, Pir.( Natal) 20 | Otaheitana, Bre. var, guttata, Lam . oe 30 ; =) ; _ HELICINA | ; Keeveana . 10,15 tectiformis, Mouss ice) TURRICULA Raiatensis, Garr oh HOSONS miniata, Wess. 2. 5 exasperata,Chem . 10, 15 | rosea, Brod. (” rype) sls 15 LITTORINA TEREBRA rosea, Brod. var. bicolor 15 obesa, Sby . . : 5 | affnis, Quoy . 10 | rosea, Brod, var. purpur- _, MELANIA PARTULA ASCOUSH iy) Aas may 15 Mauiensis, Lea . . . 15,20|decussatula, Pir . . 10 | rosea. Brod. var,straminea 10, 15 Newcombi, Lea . 10,15 |dentifera, Pfr . . 19 | taeniata, Mch. (Type) 15 Graffiii,Mohss. .. . 15 |faba Mtn (Type) . 20 | taeniata, v.simulans, Pse. 5,10 Scipio, Gld 20 | faba Mtn. var. amanda 15 | taeniata, v. strolata, Pse. 10 seitula, Gld - 10,15} faba Mtn.var.subangulata — 15 | taeniata, v.unicolor, Pse. 5.10 Assaviensis, Mouss. . 5,10] formosa, Pse_ . 20 | Thalia, Garr . 19 picta, Hds ee 10 | Ganymedes, Pfr 19 | umbilicata, Ise. : 5,10 Montrouzieri, Garr. . 5, 10| Garrettil. Pse TO) livaliaeeloro cement 5 tetrica, Gld . 15,10] imperforata, Pse 10 | varia, Brod. v. glutinuosa 10 koe IA A 5G 25 | inflata, Rve 10, 15 | vexillum, Pse Io Che Conchologsts Exchange. COPYRIGHT SECURED Wot. sD: CHESTNUT HILL, PHILA., PA.. MARCH AND APRIL, 1887. Nos. 9 & 10 Redd Afpn -30/6% A Publication Designed for Conchologists and Scientists generally. ISSUED MONTHLY BY We AY EIREL TL, Eovitor AND PuBLisHER. Jia> Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all. Matters for publication must be received by the fifth of each month. TERMS Subscription, per annum = -— 35 cents Yo Foreign Countries - ~ 50 cents Single copies three cents each Remittance should be sent by Money Order, Postal Note, or by Registered letter. Unused United States Postage Stamps will be received in any amount in pay- ment of bills. Address all correspondence to WM. D. AVERELL, Editor and Publisher, Chestnut Hill. Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A. REDUCTION IN ADVERTISING RATES. One inch, displayed, 1 month ........-.... =$) 50 One inch, displayed, 3 months ............... I 00 One-half column, displayed, 1 month ...... 2 00 One-half column, displayed, 3 months...... 4 00 One column, displayed, 1 month ............. 4 00 One column, displayed, 3 months... ....... 8 00 HE liberal inducements placed before you in the handsome PREMIUM LIST, found in another column, should enliven your interest in “The Conchologists’ Exchange” and make it what we propose it shall be at all hazards—the most successful paper of its kind in the country. E present our readers with a double number this time; those for March and April being combined in order to more comfortably provide for futurg issues. It is proposed to make the number for May twelve pages in size, instead of eight as here- tofore, and to have it well on its way to our readers by the 15th of the month. EROSION OF FRESH-WATER SHELLS. BY REV. WM. M. BEAUCHAMP. (No. II.) T may prove a mistake to suppose that the erosion of shells is caused by the presence of lime in the water, and I judge itis often- er due to the emission of carbonic acid gas from plants acting upon the lime of the shell. Se- neca River in New York, flows fora long dis- | tance through gypseous shales (sulphate of lime), and its shells are but moderately eroded, though affected by vegetable coating. In Onon- daga and Cross Lakes, in the same formation, living shells are rarely eroded, while dead | shells soon become rotten in the abundant marl. | On the other hand Beaver Lake, a shallow pond amile from and above the level of Seneca River, produces Unio complanatus, small and | much eroded, and the large Anodonta fragilis _ is often worn entirely through the beaks. The pond has mucky shores and is filled with water weeds. Oneida Lake, 22 miles long, shallow, andina level country, is another case in point. It is difficult to find a fair specimen of Unioni- de there, and at its outlet the little Uz70 Mowr- Eboraci is very Wadly eroded. Still further north and ina sandy region, Salmon Creek fur- nishes A/edantho decisus with the apex squarely cut off, a rare thing in this part of the country. TS 50 CONCHOLOGISTS’ > EXCIIANGE BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MERCER CoO., ILL. BY WILLIAM A. MARSH. (Continued. ) 15.—Uhio graniferus, Lea. This is a deep-water shell and is rather rare. It has been thought by some conchologists to be identical with U7 verrucosus, Barnes, but such is not the case. It is a thick, heavy spe- cies and usually thickly covered with tubercles. The nacre is either of a chocolate or copper color and very shining. Ihave never found it near the margin, but always near the channel of the river; being one of those species that re- mains very inactive and is found buried deeply in the sand and gravel beds. 16.—Unio gibbosus, Barnes. This is a fine species and is nowhere abun- dant in this locality. I have never found more than a dozen specimens in the river, but it is more common in Pope and Edwards creeks. It is somewhat variable; the river forms being solid and very gibbous in outline, while the creek forms are nearly as straight asthe U7. rec- ¢us, Lamarck, with very much thinner shells and narrower teeth. ‘The epidermis is dark brown, usually rayed, but very obscurely. Nacre either copper or chocolate colored. The beaks when perfect are coarsely granu- lated. 17.—Un!0 gracilis, Barnes. This is a winged or bialate shell, very thin and fragile, but owing to the peculiar texture of the epidermis it does not crack badly. It is found in the river abundantly and inhabits both shallow and deep water, and also occurs, although very sparingly, in Pope and Edwards creeks. Graci/is is usually finely rayed, but it is often found devoid of rays. It is very active in its movements and T have often found this species with C1. Aeviss?mus in great numbers in the river very remote from the channel, crawl- ing around in the sand in water but a few inches in depth. As far as my observations go it Is Our most active species. 18.— Unio Ihgginsti, \ea. A thick and heavy shell with a dark brown epidermis; teeth very large; shell oblique in outline; nacre white or salmon color. It is found only in the river and 1s very rare, as I never found more than a dozen specimens. Habitat, deep water, near the channel. ‘The young are beautifully rayed but the rays be- come obsolete with age. It resembles e//ipsis somewhat but differs in outline. In its teeth and in its high, massive incurved beaks it also resembles o7diculatus Hild., somewhat, but diifers very materially from that species in its outline, teeth and beaks, while it 1s very much more inflated. ‘There is a wide difference be- tween the sexes of this species 19.—Unio levissimus, Lea. This remarkably fine species is found here rather sparingly in the Mississippi River and its sloughs and lakes. Like gracif’s it is an alated or winged shell and although it closely resembles gracz/is in some respects, it is a very distinct species, At certain seasons of the year it seems to be very active and may then be found out on the sandbars where the water is very swift and but a few inches in depth. The handsomest specimens of this shell are found in the river sloughs having a muddy bottom, where it seems to be more abundant than in the river. 20.— Unio hgamentinus, Lam. ‘This species attains a very great sizeand is found here only in the river, in deep water and is quite common. ‘There are two quite distinet varieties, one having a white pearly nacre and beautiful green rays when young; while the other has a pink nacre with very dark green rays and, when young, strongly resembles the young of crasstdens. Professor R. E. Call in the Bulletin of the Des Moines Academy of THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE 51 Science, page 54, says that the types of my Unio Upsonit came from the Mississippi River in the western border of Mercer County. This is a’mistake as my types of Unzo Upsoniz came from Kishawaukee River, Winnebago County, Illinois, and I have never laid any claims to having found this shell in Mercer County. There are a number of Southern species closely resembling Uxzo igamentinus. The light-colored variety is often received from collectors as Unio crassus, Say, but Mr. Lea said that the true crassws of Say was an European species. 21.— Unio luteolus, Lam. This is a handsome and extremely variable species and is probably the most widely dis- tributed Uno in North America, having been | found as far north as the Red River of the | North, and is also reported from Texas. There are many Southern species very closely resem- bling /e¢eolus. It is found here in Pope and Edwards Creeks and abundantly in the sloughs of the Mississippi River. There seems to be four varieties of this shell here; one variety, found in Pope Creek, is entirely devoid of rays, in this respect closely resembling the Southern form, Unio stamineus, Con.; the second variety, found in Edwards Creek, is quite flat and beautifully rayed; the third variety, found in the river sloughs, is very much inflated and the male differs greatly from the female in outline, while the fourth variety is found in the river proper, and is very difficult to separate from the green variety of Unio Agamentinus, Lam- ark, as itis a thick, solid variety and very straight on the dorsal and ventral margins. 22.— Unto lacryvmosus, Vea. ® A fiae pustulose species found sparingly in the river sloughs and in the small lakes on the Bog Island, and seems to delight in the muddy bottoms of the sloughs and _ lakes. I.acrymosus is certainly closely allied with asperrimus, Lea, if not identical with it. In most cases I have found it associated with three of our rarest species, viz: mzltiplicatus, Mississitpiensis, and Margaritana confragosa. | ) Fare. 23.—Unio monodontus, Say. This very rare species in any beater is really a Margaritana, but was described as a Unio, and io generally classed as such. It occurs here only in the river and it certainly is a rare occurrence to find it here at all. I have never found one alive, but frequently find dead shells, which is probably owing to its very peculiar habits. I am informed that this species is usually found in or near the channel of the river, deeply imbedded in loose gravel and usually sheltered by some large rock, and seldom if ever moves unless disturbed by some agency no. its own. 24.— Unio metanever, Raf. A beautiful pustulose species found very abundantly in the Mississippi river in deep water. It is a thick, heavy shell, usually cov- ered with very beautiful arrow-head markings, although a variety, which we also have here, is provided with a very dark green epidermis and is entirely destitute of rays. It is a slug- gish species and is found near the channel of the river, usually embedded in the banks of coarse gravel and sand. Years ago it occured rarely in Edwards Creek, but is now extinct in that stream. To be continued. NEW LOCALITIES. Ed. Conchologists’ Exchange, Sir :—A new locality, and the only one I have found, for Union amygdalum, \.ea, is Lake Dias, Volusia Co., Florida. Unzo oc- cultus, Lea, 1 have found in Lake Monroe, also, at the inlet of Lake Woodruff, but it is S. Hart Wright, M. D.., March 15, 1887. Lake Helen, Fla. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. List of Unionidz received during 1885 and Cana- dian Etomologist.—Science Observer (‘The Proceedings of the Boston Scientific Society). Bulletin of the Brookville (Ind.) Society of Natural History. Land Shells of the Hawaiian Islands, Mr. D. D. Baldwin, from the author. by (Mostly dark colored.) | Lucina lintea, Con. Many Many | be squamosus, Lam. . Several ie noxidana) Conmmie eens Pil ire f (Fresh.) 52 TIlE ~ CONCHOLOGISTS? ~ EXCHANGE RECORD OF A TWO DAYS’ DREDG- SPECIES LIVING DEAD ING CRUISE IN TAMPA | Lucina trisuleata, Con... . 2 Many « pecten, Lam 3 Valves BAY, FLORIDA: — | “ costata, Con Ser Many “> ‘crenulata, Com. tee 3 5 | ’ ‘ | Cardita floridana, Con... . . I : | Cardita florid € BY CHARLES T. SIMPSON. | (Very young.) | Crassatella lunulata, Con Many | (Some of these finely marked.) (Concluded.) ' : me Venericardia perplana, Con . Many .. Locality; Tampa Bay, Florida, from mouth (Not found living elsewhere.) of Manatee River to Point Pinellas, Mullet Parastarte tianetra Cou 3 Key and return. Depth, one to six fathoms. pe ihiee = Very Odd Date, August 3d and 4th, 1885. | Pleuromeris tridentata, Say . many valves SPECIES Woeemeen.j| Venus, = orton, Con 2s eae I Melampus, en ede iar bs ; (The young /uleurians form. ) (Small.) Venus cancellatus, Gmel.. . . I Ostrea virginica, Gmel. Many Many | (Small.) (Living ones small and attached to | Venus interpurpureus, Con. . . I other shells.) (Rare.) Anomia glabra, Verrill . Many (ite | Venus inequivalvis, Orb... . 5 M (Not found living elsewhere.) oF ee any Pecten dislocatus, Say . . . . I valves | Cytherea Conradina, Dall . Many Many Distorted. | Many finely marked with chev- ) y : | ron lines. Several brown spe- Plicatula ramosa, Lam . Many Many cimens.) . | ‘Mytilus exustus, Orb .... 6 Cytherea maculata, L. ... - gine I (Very dark colored.) ce gigantea, Chem . Many Mytilus cubitus, Say. . Many (In shallow water.) (All attached to shells.) Dosiniardiscus: Revels eer.ee ses “Us 2 Arca floridana, Con. Many ce tenuis, Dkr Spy Paste Znes \ i ; valves | Reeta canaliculata, Say... . ae % ene Covered with small | Tellina brevifrons, Say .. .« I i any : ss Souleyetiana, Recl. . Many Many Pectunculus pectinatus, Lam. Maly aura AS mera, Hanley e Many Nucula eborea, Con. ? hee eet Odd Semele cancellata, Orb . Many valves | (Very many valves.) eae muricatum, I. Many | Cummingia tellinoides,Con. . . . % ; youre) | Solecurtus divisius. Speng . . are 6 Cardium magnum, Born .. . 2 . | Corbula nasuta, Say... Many Many (Very young.) Ib oeass Swiftiana, Ad. . Many Many ms Ae y Wer | Rocellaria ovata, Sby I ie Leevicardium Mortoni, Con. ip Pandora Bushiana, Dall 6 Valves uw trilineata, Say. 175 Several (The true Pandora trilineata af Say. Mr. Dall has shown (Bul- letin Mus. Comp. Zoology P. ar2), that the New England shell usually bearing this name is another species.) THE - CONCHOLOGISTS' - EXCHANGE 53 SPECIES. LIVING. DEAD. VI. Rhysotina, Ancey, “Testa solida, Dentalium diparile, Orb Many Many | “imperforata, semi-globosa vel subdepressa, Cerithium muscarum. Say. . 16 | “fulva absque nitore, spiraliter impressa. Spira Trochus tampaensis, Con. . . 2 . , | “convexo-elevata vel convexo-conoidea, apice Pleurotoma Simpsoni, Dall. N.S. 2 “Jeevigata. Anfractus modice numerosi, regu- 4 limonitella, Dall 7 “Jariter crescentes, sutura parum profunda Cautharus coromandelinus, Lam. . I (Old and broken but very large.) General Results—A very large number of bivalves both as to species and individuals, and a great many young and small adult shells. Columbella mercatovia was not obtained atany | other time North of the Lower Keys. DESCRIPTION OF NEW GENERA OR SUBGENERA OF HELICIDA. BY C. F. ANCEY. (Continued from No. 5, page 20.) » V. Bertia, Ancey. ‘Testa maxima, sinis- “trorsa, solida, sat minute umbilicata, nitidula, “subtus nitida flavaque, nigro late fasciata, “superne brunnea. Spiro elevato fornicata, “slobosa obtusissima. Anfractus sat numerosi, “reculariter crescentes, ultimus tumidus, rotun- | “datus. Apertura obliqua, peristoma simplex, ‘eacutum, ad umbilicum eversum.”’ Nanina Cambodgiensis, Reeve. Indo-China. Type. Geog. distribution. This very fine shell has been referred by some authors to Rhysota and by others to Ario- phanta, probably on account of its large size and sinistrorse shell. It widely differs from both. The Rhysota have a large, heavy shell, but the characters of the aperature and umbil- icus are quite distinct; while Ariophanta, Desm, are furnished with a thickened peri- stome. | | “separati, ultimus rotundatus, major, subtus “convexus et in umbilici loco depressus. Aper- “tura substricta, peristomate obtusato, prope “columellam obtuse lateque plus minusve ‘‘dentato.” Types. Helix Welwitschi, Mor. and H. hepatizon, Gould. Geog. distribution. Island of Sao-Tome. The present series is certainly more closely allied to Czlatura than to any other group of Helices. It bears no relation to the Cananan group of Helix malleata, as suggested by several conchologists. VII. Sheldonia, Ancey. ‘Testa fragilis, “imperforata, gobosa, quasi sericatula, glabra. “Spira convexo-elevata, obtusa ; anfractus ‘“minus numerosi, rapide accrescentes, ultimus “slobosus, antice non deflexus, maximus,margo “columellaris tenuissimus. Peristoma simplex “acutem.”” Types. Helix Trotteriana, Bens., H. phy- tostylos Bens., H. Natalensis, Pfeiffer and perhaps Cotyledonis, Bens. Geog. distribution. South Africa. Sheldonia resemble Cysticopis, but are ap. parently related to rope. VIII. Bermudia, Ancey. ‘‘Testa lenticu- “laris, solida, oblique striata, epidermide och- “racea induta, umbilico cylindrico preedita, “acute carinata, circa umbilicum angulosa. “‘Anfractus 5 regulariter crescentes, applanati, ‘ultimus non antice deflexus. Apertura | “obliqua, peristoma simplex, acutum basi intus ‘‘albo incrassatum, margo columellaris crassus, “cum basali angulum efilciens. Animal Zoni- “tidarum instar.” Type. Helix Bermudensis, Pfeiffer. Geog. distribution. Bermuda. 54 RET CONCHOLOGISTS:- EXCHANGE IX. Atlantica, Ancey. ‘‘characteribus “Testa externe Heiicis rotundatce gaudens, “supra grosse plicatula, infra levior, ad per- | | Editor Conchologists’ Exchange: in Polygyrella, polygyrella, Bland et | ‘““iphiream subangulata,seriebus remotis dentium “at “Cooper exornata “in interiore palato ultimi ‘“‘anfractus.”’ Type. Helix semiplicata, Pfeiffer. Geog. distribution. Madeira. X. Chrysodon, Ancey. ‘Testa tenuiuscu- “Ja, umbilicata, nigrescens, hirsuta. Spira vix “elevata, fere plana. Anfractus modice accres- “centes, ultimus convexus, magnus, lateribus “rotundatus. Apertura parum obliqua. Peri- “stoma tenuiter incrassatum et reflexum, color- | collected in this vicinity are as follows: “catum, bidentatum, scilicet ; dente uno in mar- | “gine dextro extus cicatricem impressam effor- ‘‘mante, altersque basali.”’ Type. Helix auridens, Rang. Geog. distribution. LGques VW. This shell is certainly more closely allied to Dentelaria (which it resembles in color and texture) than to Cepolis, Monfort, as stated by Pfeiffer. XI. Traumatophora, Ancey. ‘Testa sat “magna, modice solidula, depressa, umbilicata “ubro-fulva, sub lente exiliter granulosa. Spi- “ra subelevata; aufractus 5-6, ultimus antice ‘distincte strictus et ad aperturam obliquam “deflexus. Apertura intus in palato dentibus “3 parallelis et oblique sitis elongatisque extus ‘‘profunde scrobiculatis armata et constricta. ‘*Peristoma labiatum et reflexum.”’ Type. Helix triscalpta, von Martens. Geog. distribution. se). Central China (Kiaing- This very remarkable species, I think, is Mountains of Martin- | CORRESPONDENCE. Sir; & )* * > ‘The eleven'speciesvof bupa Pupa armifera, Say; contracta, Say; pentodon, Say; curvidens, Gould (probably fel/ucida, Pfr.) ; fallax, Say; corticaria, Say (Vert.) Gozldi, Binn., very rare; ovata, Say , melium, Gould; P. edentula, Drap. (same as Vertigo simplex, Gould), and a Vertigo unknown to me, with from three to four small, fine teeth, and no impression or crest outside near the aperature. In the Fall of 1885, I found two weathered specimens at Columbus, O., and two good ones yesterday in drift on Tuscarawas River. V. STERKI, M. D., New Philadelphia, Ohio. Feb. 12, 1887. Editor Conchologists’ Exchange: Sir: In the sixth number of The Conchol- ogists’ Exchange, 1886, p. 26, Mr. Harry A. Pilsbry, has remarked that several of the names I proposed for some groups of Helices were preoccupied in other departments of Natural History. The same conchologist suggested in the article named that Pristina, (used by my- self) should be replaced by Axnceya. ] am very thankful to Mr. Pilsbry for naming the group of Zonitide 1 allude to, after me, but a remarkable clausilioid genus, found by the celebrated French traveller, Mr. Victor Giraud, at the southwest end of Lake Tangan- yika, and published by my friend Mr. Bour- guignat in 1885, was called Anceyva ; Anceyella is also used in Conchology for a cyclostomoid shell. I propose for Pristina Anc. (Anceya, Pilsbry, not Bourg.), the name of Pristiloma. I also propose tc name Cavlospira, Anc. (not Hall), after Mr. Averell, the honorable editor and publisher of “The Conchologists’ Ex- | change,” Averellia,Anc.,and Peczlostola, Anc., very near H. augusticollis, Martens, another | Chinese form, and the type of Stegodera, Mar- tens. ‘The texture and color are precisely the same, To be continued, after Mr. H. A. Pilsbry, P7/shx-ya, Anc. * * * * * * * I have just received a very interesting form of Gastrodonta multidentata, Binney, collected by Mrs. George Andrews in the mountains of Eastern Tennessee. This shell which I distin- THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE 55 guish as variety zmdzlica7is. is characterized by its more compressed form, less high body- whorl, larger umbilicus and by the absence (under a lens), of any radiating striae. The shell under consideration is certainly not the same as Gastrodonta significans, Bland, also found in the same region. It is 7o¢ whitish as is the latter, and is closer to multidentata than to any other. In the same set of fine shells was a magnifi- cent specimen of Alesodon dentiferus, Binney, of no less than 28 mill. in diameter, and of a coarser sculpture than in the type; this fine shell (from N. Carolina) which may be called var. major, is probably the same as the one men- tioned by Mr. W. G. Binney in his “Manual of N. A. Land Shells,’ 1885, is of a darker colour and furnished with more impressed _re- volving lines than the northern form of the species. CE EPAUNCENG Feb. 1, 1887. Berrouaghia (Algiers). NECROLOGY The death of Professor Edward Olney, L.L.D., of Michigan University, is reported. Dr. J. M. Wheaton, ornithologist, of Colum- bus, Ohio, is deceased. M. Dubsc, the distinguished French electri- cian, 1s reported as having died in October. Paul Morthier, Professor of Botany at the Academy of Neufchatel, Switzerland, has re- cently died. M. Chancourtis, the noted French geologist and Professor in the School of Mines, died suddenly in Paris at a recent date. Professor Elie Wartmann of Geneva, Swit- zerland, is dead. Professor Alexander Boutlerow, chemist, is dead at the age of 58. Mz. Jules Bouis, an eminent French chemist, died on the twenty-first day of October, 1885, aged 84. General John T. Beaulieu, F. R.S., founder of the system of magnetic observations in In- dia, recently died at the age of 81 years. Russian The death of Dr. A. Fischer, a noted Afri- | can traveler and scientist, is reported. OUR PREMIU M | LIST. A CHANCE FOR WORKERS KEEN AND BRIGHT. Send $1.75 and the names of 5 subscribers, and we will forward to the originator of the club, one copy of Dr. Hays’ ‘Descriptions of the Inferior Maxillary Bones of Mastodons,” 29 plates; or, in lieu thereof, 50 cents’ worth of shells at List prices. Prof. J. E. Kingsley’s ‘Naturalists’ Assist- ant,’”’ 228 pages, will be sent post-paid for $5.25 and the names of 15 subscribers. Woodward’s “Manual of the Mollusca,” 1880 edition, will be sent free for $10.50 and the names of 30 subscribers. Tryon’s “Structural and Systematic Con- chology,” cheap edition, will be sent free for $17.50, and the names of 50 subscribers. Tryon’s “Monograph of the ‘Terrestrial Mollusca of the United States,” plain edition, will be sent free for $35 and the names of 100 subscribers. Sowerby’s “Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells,” 264 plates, %-morocco, 2 volumes, 8vo. sent free for $52.50 and the names of 150 subscribers. AND LOOK! For $87 50 and the names of 250 sub- §@S> scribers, we will send, express prepaid, Ree one of Queon’s Educational Microscopes. mounted upon a brass tripod stand with adjust- able eyepieces, object glasses and diaphragm complete. A fine chance for an active worker, Norr.—Parties desiring to secure the bene- fits of the above truly liberal offers, must not keep the names of subscribers together with the subscriptions, until they have completed their list, but should send them soon as received and we will keep an exact account of them. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE Young Collectors’ Comer. RECORD OF, A SHORT CoOL; LECTING TOUR IN WHITE HARDIN & GALLATIN COUNTIES, ILL. BY A. A. HINKLEY, DUBOIS, ILL. HILE collecting last August in White and Gallatin Counties, Illinois, the writer found Lzthasia obovala, Say, in abundance in the [Little Wabash and Saline Rivers. All specimens taken were covered with a dark ferruginous deposit which being removed presented a dark brown or olivaceous epidermis, many having two faint red bands on | the body-whorl. All were decollate, from one to four whorls remaining. The full grown shells were usually .50 to .75 inches long and about .40 inches wide, some unusually large ones being over an inch long and .60 inches wide. At the Ford of Saline River, near Saline Mines, the bed of the river is almost a level layer of rock with a. abrupt fall of twelve to eighteen inches, below which for a short dis- tance the water is broken into small, swift streams and shallow still places nowhere over a foot deep, enough rock being above the wa- ter to enable a person to explore the entire bed ofthe stream without wading. Here the Lith- asias were found everywhere, but most numer- ous in the crevices at the fall, where were also found Pleurocera, Vivipara, Melantho and Lioplax. Goniobasis costifera, Wald., was common in all the small streams of Hardin County, presenting considerable variation. VALVES. ' ber of land and fresh-water shells. Shark River near Key East, N. J.is a very | interesting locality for the young conchologist | to visit. Mrs. Mary B. A. King, of Rochester, N. Y. is an enthusiastic collector of shells, although in her eighty-ninth year, and received great en- couragement from the late Isaac ILea, L.L.D., who named the Unios and Anodontas in her collection upwards of forty years ago. Professor John M. Holzinger of Winona, Minn., writes us that The Conchological Club of the State Normal School collected over 45 species of Univalves and 20 species of Bivalves last season in Winona County. The Club add- ed many interesting specimens to its cabinet. The latest report of the Liverpool Marine Biology Committee shows the great value of — marine dredging. Prior to 1853, but 270 spe- cies of marine invertebrates were known. The Committee places on record 913 species, of which 235 have not before been found in the locality, 16 are new to British seas, and 7 spe— cies and 3 varieties are new to science. A fine chance is presented to you on page 55 of this number whereby you may secure valuable books to aid you in collecting. A portion of your leisure time may be very profi- tably devoted to securing subscribers to this your paper, and thus we will be enabled to ex- tend our acquaintance and you will receive a handsome reward. Recipe for cleaning shells:—Mr. B. G. See- bach of Peru, Ill., kindly sends the following: Mix 5 lbs. Sal Soda in § gallons of hot water; after the soda has dissolved let the mixture cool, Then put the live shells to be cleaned in tnis and leave them there for 3 or 4 days. This softens the tissues and the fleshy portions can be removed easily without deteriorating the shells. The mixture may be made in smaller quantities but in the same proportions. Mr. F. A. Sampson, of Sedalia, Mo., made a trip through Carroll County, Arkansas,in March, 1886, and succeeded in collecting a large num- His visit there and the lengthy list of shells collected, show that Carro]l County is a locality of great interest to the conchologist. THE » CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE The edible snail, (He/’x pomatia, J innzeus) is used for food to suchan extent in Europe and elsewhere that France and Italy export up- wards of 1000 tons annually. STRIAZZ Evelyn College, Princeton, sively for young women. N. J.,is exclu- The Linnzean Society has lately elected the Prince of Wales to honorary membership. Professor Angelo Heilprin is the author of a new work upon the distribution of animal life. Dr. Lightfoot, the well-known Rector of Exeter College, Oxford, is very ill and no hope is had for his recovery. Rev. Dr. Henry G. McCook of Philadelphia, is delivering a course of Sunday afternoon ser- mons on ‘The Gospel in Nature.” It is said that Professor C. M. Woodward stands a good chance of succeeding Dr. Eliot as Chancellor of Washington University of St. Louis. Professor D. G. Brinton delivered the first of a series of Friday evening lectures at the Acad- emy of Natural Science, hiladelphia, on Feb- ruary 18th. His subject was ‘The Prehistoric World in Europe-Palzolithic Age.” Dr. Franz Boas well known for his explora- tions inthe regions about Baftin’s Bay and Van- couver’s Island. has resigned his position with the University of Berlinto assume charge of the Geographical Department of Scvence. EVEN Siberia does not intend to be left be- hind in the race for improvement in science as news lately received states that a scientific and industrial exhibition will be held at Eka terinburg from the twenty-seventh of May until the tw enty-seventh of September. under the auspices of The Uralian Society of Loy ers of the Natural Sciences. Exchange Column. Terms, which must be cash with order, are as fol- Exchanges of 20 words, including address, ro for each additional 10 words the charge will No exchange will be inserted for less than lows: cents ; be 5 cents. to cents. 75 cents per annum for a monthly exchange of 20 words ; $1.00 per annum for a monthly exchange of 30 words, with privilege of change each month. OFFERED :—Minnesota and marine shells for other shells and minerals. Send lists. JOHN M. HOLZ- Gee State Normal School. Winona, Minn. WANTED :—American Journal of Conchology, seven vols, neatly bound, in exchange for shells. JOHN WALTON, 77 Arcade, Rochester, N. Y. OFFERED :—Numerous species of European and exotic Coleoptera and land, fresh-water and Mediterra- nean shells in exchange for mollusks from the United States and foreign countries, FELIX ANCEY, 34 sets de Hee tele France. WANTED aaecen fossils named and localized in exchange for others. E. EAST, Jr., 241 Evering, road, Upper Clapton, an OFFERED :—Two hundred species of shells and Davies’ ‘Egg Check List’ in exchange for books on Conchology; send title and state the condition of your book and I will send you list of the shells. A. A. HINKLEY, Du Bois, II]. WANTED :—American correspondents interested in the study of the genus Pupa (including Pupilla, Vertigo, etc.), of the U.S. Duplicates and other shells for ex- change. V. STERKI, M. D., New trie ee O. WANTED:—First 3 vol. Lea’s Obs. Genus; Unio. Say’s American Conchology: Gould’s Invertebrata of Mass: Kiener’s plates of Shells: Carpenter’s works: Tryon’s Monog. Terr, Moll. of U. S., Sowerby’s Conch. Manual and Plates for offers in works on Con- chology. TERTIARY and other fossils from Southern State and Europe; 50 species of Birds’ Eggs, ard 60 pound of Miaerals consisting of Amethyst on Agate; Agate rough and polished: Pyromorphite: Native Copper Zinc blende: Galena: rare Iron Ores, &c., &c., for strictly fine and correctly named Mollusca from South and Central America, Asia, Africa, and Australia Address, W. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill. Phila. 58 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE FilN= Seek. Penton. It is said of Quaritch that should you entrust him with a cash order you will receive the book value of your money. Now, while we have all of Quaritch’s honesty, coupled with a hearty desire to please you, we have not achieved his repu- tation. tion for anybody. These books will establish a reputa- Sold only for Cash. figs The highest reference given if desired. gq Kirby and Spence. An _ Introduction to Entomology; or, Elements of the Natural History of Insects. With Plates; by Wm. Kirby and Wm. Spence; 4th edtn; 4vols. half morocco; London, 1822. Price $18— Regular price $20. D’Orbigny, Charles M. Dictionaire Universal D’ Histoire Naturelle, Dirige Par M. Charles D’Orbigny ;_ 15 vols.— 12 vols. of text and 3 vols. of plates. half morocco ; Paris, 1849. Price $70, Regular price $75. Sowerby, J. Genera of Recent and Fos- sil Shells for the use of Students in Conchol - ogy and Geology. Illustrated with 264 original plates. 2 volumes, 8-vo;_ half morocco. London (N. D.). Price $15. Regular price $17.50. Stephens, James and Francis. I)- lustrations of British Entomology ; or, a Synopsis of Indigenous Insects, containing their generic and specific distinctions. »*Em- bellished with colored figures of the rarer and more interesting species. 12 volumes; half roan. London, 1828. Price $50. Regular price $55. Lowe, E. T. Ferns, British and Exotic, 8 vols.; New and Rare Ferns, 1 vol.; British Grasses, I vol.; Beautiful Leaved Plants, ¥ vol.; Illustrated with beautiful plates in colors. ‘Together 11 vols., royal 8 vo; half levant-morocco; extra gilt tops. London 1872 Price $95. Regular price $100. | Woodward. Manual of the Mollusca, with Appendix by Ralph ‘Tate. 642 pp: 23 plates, 441 figures, 270 illustrations. Lon- don, 1880 edition. Price $2.50 post-paid. Formerly $2.60. The same, 1875 edtn, $2 post-paid. Drury. D. Exotic Entomology. Illustra- tions of, wherein are exhibited upwards of 600 insects of the East and West Indies, China, New Holland, North and South | America, Germany, etc., very few of which are figured in any other work. New edition with additions and Scientific Indexes by J. O. Westwood. 150 plates beautifully color- ed. 3 vols., 4to. Half morocco, uncut. London 1837. Price $25. “This exquisite work of Drury displays the complete insect in a degree of perfection that leaves nothing to } be desired.’’-Sir James E. Smith. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE 59 Gould, John. A ae, of Birds from | Westwood, J. O. Arcana Entomologica ; or, Illustrations of New, Rare, and Interest- ing Insects. 2 vols, half morocco. London 1845. Price $27.50. Regular price $30. The Standard Natural History, by the Himalaya Mountains. Folio; half mo- | rocco, (Scarce.) Price $70. Regular price | $75. Lowe, E.'T. Beautiful Leaved Plants. Being a description of the most beautiful | leaved plants in cultivation in this country. | With 60 colored illustrations. 8-vo. Half morocco; extra gilt tops. London Price $10. Regular price $12. Tryon, Geo.W. Jr. Structural and Sys- tematic Conchology, and, also, Manual of Conchology. ‘The latest works for Conchol- ogists. Subscriptions taken and filled. Circulars sent on application. SpEecIAL Norice:-A few second hand copies of Tryon’s Structural and Systematic Con- chology for sale at $5.00—Cash. 1861. | the Leading American Authorities. Edited by Elliot Coues, M. D. and T. S. Kingsley. Parts 1 to 38, complete, nearly new, mostly uncut. Price for the lot $12. Note: This great work is now being publish- ed and the above is a rare chance to secure the first 38 parts. Sixty parts in all will be issued, making when complete one of the most accurate and highly illustrated contri- butions to Science ever published. The American Naturalist. Odd copies for sale as follows: Vol. X, January to Sep- tember; Vol. XV, January; Vol. XVI, July to December; Vol. XV Il, January, May to December; Vol. XVIII, January and Feb- ruary ; Index to Vol. XII. Prices 20 and 25 cents each. THE CONCHOLOGISTS EXCHANGE, CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, EBs U.S.A. Gers sent to oe Offic of The Conchologists ee Chestnut CATAL OGUE Ske _ MOUNTING CARDS . ESTIMATES CHEERF MERMAID AVENUE CHESTNUT BILE. PHILADELPHIA LABELS OL LV GLI LST Alphabetical Price-List of Shells. RECEIVED SINCE THE ISSUE OF CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE NO. 8. TeRms:—Cash with order. Express charges to be borne by pur- chasers in all cases. NotE:—A Discount of Io per cent, payable in shells at list prices, will be allowed on all orders of $5 and upwards accompanied with the “cash.” This discount applies to “Price List of Mollusca, No 2,” and all subse- quent Lists until further notice. Mames by Prof.Tryon, localities exact. 60 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE . | | UNIVALVES. | REGISTOMA. elegans,Lea. . . . 10 )grande, Gray .. . 15 foliatus;sHlald (2) 3) 5 Srsitomny AULOPOMA. multiplicatus, Lea . 20, 25 helicinum, Chem . 15, 20 STROMBUS. Shepardidianus, Lea 25 plicatus, Lam on sulcatus, Lea tus JLOM EADS CANTHARUS. vittatus, Tae, | Ppl] Pleilemns ees acs ae fumosum, Willw. . To.) U5\|eibberulusqmle.. ©: =) y i155)" -20)|peecenew eae a 3 olivarius (o. v.) India 15 | | umbrosus, Lea (Mexico) 20 | ; , a | TROCHUS. | mytiloides. Raf... . 20, 30 Artensis Montr. } |maculatus, L. . . . 15, 20/spinosus, Lea . . . 50to2 00 (New Caledonia) 15 | | | | TURBO. | LITTORINA lier 5 4 ; | IRIDENA. Z | Ticaonicus, Kiener. 20, 25 | j , trochoides, Gray. . 5 | /rubens, Lam (River Nile) I 00 MELONGENA. | | galeodes, Lam 20 | ELS ENDS fetereae mi ee brOt a, © . | |truncatus, Schum . 50, 75 MITROIDEA. | oe | multiplicata, Pse. . 5Geil| CEES, SORE ba is MARGARITANA. |} camptodon, Say. . . 25, 20| ie a | caTlosuS, Say . =: = . 15 margaritifera, L.. . Io ; OMEHALOTROPS: conutus, Barnes . . 10 | ochraceus,Say.. . 10 variabilis, Pse.. . 3| crassidens, Lam .. 10, 15|rugosa,Barnes. . . I5, 20 | corrugatus, Lea (o. v.) India 15 | confragosa, Say . . 20 POTAMOPYRGUS. | ceeruleus, Lea (o v.) India 15 | undulata, Say . . . 15 corolla, (Gld7 7 * ‘siPellipsislbeate ly. IO! marginata, Say . . 15,020 Che Conchologsts Fxchanee. COPYRIGHT SECURED VoL. I. A Publication Designed for Conchologists and Scientists generally. ISSUED MONTHLY BY wei: DD. AVERELL, Epvitor ano PustisHer. 8G Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all. Matters for publication must be received by the fifth of each month. TERMS Subscription, per annum - = 35 cents To Foreign Countries - ~ 50 cents Single copies three cents each Remittance should be sent by Money Order, Postal Note, or by Registered letter. Unused United States Postage Stamps will be received in any amount in pay- ment of bills. Address all correspondence to WM. D. AVERELL, Fditor and Publisher, Chestnut Hill. Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A. REDUCTION IN ADVERTISING RATES. One inch, displayed, 1 month ........-.... 6) 50 One inch, displayed, 3 months ............068 I 00 One-half column, displayed, 1 month ...... 2 00 One-half column, displayed, 3 months...... 4 00 One column, displayed, 1 month ............ 4 00 One column, displayed, 3 months............ 8 00 OUR attention is directed to the extracts from many letters received testifying to the value of “The Conchologists’ Ex- change,” which we have published in this number. Our circulation is slowly but surely extending to all foreign countries, which will bring our readers eventually into communica- tion with collectors located in all the desirable | collecting grounds of the world. It remains | for you to use this paper, not only for the pur- pose of advertising duplicates, but also as a medium for recording your own discoveries, for be they ever so humble, they will be ac- ceptable so long as they reach our require- ments; 1. e. Exactness and Originality. AVE you duplicates for exchange? If H so, do not wait for them to accumulate but advertise them in ‘The Con- chologists’ Exchange.”’ One of our sub- scribers added nearly four hundred species to his cabinet through one advertisement cost- ing him ¢ez cents. What a rate of interest on the investment is this! Others succeeded as well and even better in the exchange of books, scientific instruments, fossils, &c., to all of which our columns are open. EIST,, OF | iICONTRIBUTORS: “10 “THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.” Ancey, C. F. Beauchamp, Rev. W. M. 3rown, Dr. J. J. Ford, John. Henshall, Mrs. H. F. Hinkley, A. A. Holzinger, Prof. J. M. Marsh, Wm. A. Rogers, Thomas. Sterki, Dr. V. Simpson, Charles T. Singley, J. A. Trombley, Jerome. Walker, Bryant. Wright, Dr. S. H. : 62 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MERCER CoO., ILL. BY WILLIAM A. MARSH. (Continued. ) 25.—Unio multiplicatus, Lea. A very rare plicate species found in the sloughs of the Mississippi River and in the lakes of the Bog Island. No more than a dozen speci- mens of this shell have been found within the boundary lines of this county to my knowledge. Those found here seem to be more inflated than those collected in Tennessee and Ohio streams. The species attains a large size. 26.—Unio Mississippiensis, Conrad. A rare shell of the Masutus group. Sup- posed to be identical with (220 swbrostratus, Say, but a much larger shell. It is a rare species, found in the sloughs of the Mississippi River. I have never found it in the river. seems to avoid running water, being found where the mud is quite deep. 27.—Unto occidens, Vea. This is the female of Unio subovatus, Lea, and belongs to a natural group of some of the finest of our American species including szd- ovatus, ovatus, capax, ventricosus, ochraceus, Canadensis, excavatus, lineatus, satur, perdix, dolabreformis, cartosus, etc. Its nearest con- gener here is vestrvicosus, Barnes. our small ago, quite abundant, but is now rarely found. Occidens is a very inflated shell having few rays, many specimens being devoid of them - altogether. The nacre is white, sometimes It | It inhabits | streams only, where it was, years cially when young),the folds are very obscure. pearly; the teeth are large and the shell some- | limes attains an immense size. It seems to delight in muddy bottoms. The time is not far distant when this shell will be entirely extinct here, as will be the case with all our Uniones which make the creeks their sole hab- itation. 28,.— Unio pustulosus, Lea. This, as the name implies, species; subrotund in outline, and may be distinguished from other group by its greenish color over the umbones. It is found only in the river and is a ceep- water species, being found usually half buried in the beds of sand and gravel. It is some- times thickly covered with pustules, while other specimens are nearly smooth. The nacre is usually white and pearly, but I have found a few having a slight pinkish tinge. It is very abundant here. 29.— Unio pustulatus, Lea. A very fine pustulate species, with a dark is a pustulose — members of this | brown or chestnut colored epidermis, easily — separated from pzstulosus by its fewer and larger nodules and its dark, concentric lines of — It is a river shell with habits very © growth. similar to pustudosus. 1 find that it is very rare here, having found not more than a dozen specimens during the many years of my col- lecting. j30.— Unio plicatus, Leseuer. This plicate shell is found abundantly in the river, its sloughs and in the lakes of the Bog Island, preferring muddy bottoms, where it attains an immense size. I[t has a dark brown epidermis, but is quite variable in its interior. Some have a chalky white nacre; some are shining and iridescent, others have a dull, sal- mon-colored nacre, while many are tinged with purple all around the margin of the shell. The young of this species are very globose and much inflated. On some specimens (espe- 37.— Unto parvus, Barnes. This little species is found quite commonly in every portion of our county where there is water having a muddy bottom. It has a very dark brown epidermis, rough and striate with | beautiful undulations on its beaks, and a bluish white nacre. Atcertain seasons it is very active, and és the first species to claim the attention of the collector in early spring. | ; : 32.— Unio pressus, Lea. An inhabitant of Pope and Edwards Creeks where it is found very rarely. It seems to have habits very similar to Unio spatulatus, being found in localities where iron ore is abundant, and is found buried in piles of loose stone and gravel. As found here it is always beautifully rayed. 33-— Unio rectus, Lam. This fine species inhabits the deep water of the Mississippi and is seldom found near the margin. It is a smooth, wide species and in many respects resembles gzdéosus, but it is very distinct from that species as the undulations on its beaks are not so coarsely granular, it has a smoother epidermis, it; is more beautifully rayed and is generally much straighter on both its dorsal and ventral margins. The male differs greatly from the female in outline. Some specimens have a pink nacre, others are white inside, while most of those found here are of a pale pink color in the beak cavity gradually fading to a pale rose color towards the anterior and posterior portions of the shell. The species often attains an immense size and is found in the Mississippi River and all streams emptying into it, from Minnesota to Arkansas. To be continued. PLANORBIS DILATATUS, GOULD, IN ENGLAND. BY THOMAS ROGERS, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND. During the Summer of 1869,1 found a Planorbis in one of the canals near Man- chester which, after some investigation, was determined by Dr Gwyn Jeffreys as the P/an- orbis dilatatus,” Gould. Shortly after this discovery I found it again in another canal on the opposite side of the city, some five miles apart. The conditions under which it was found were similar in every respect, viz: near a cotton mill, where the refuse from the blow- ing room (cotton cleaning), was blown over and about the canal and where, in close con- tiguity, the warm water from the condensing THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE 63 engines ran into the canal and raised the tem- perature of the water a great many degrees higher than the other parts of the canal. From the foregoing facts Dr.Jefireys and 1 concluded that the species had been introduced from America with the cotton used at some period by the mills. And I further surmised that the introduction had been made during the English | cotton famine brought about by the war be- | tween the North and the South when cotton played a considerable part in the transactions of that severe struggle and when Lancashire people were glad to get it in any condition, wet or dry, blockade-run or otherwise. Coming to this conclusion in reference to its introduction in England, Dr. Jeffreys wrote about that time to Mr. John G, Anthony, the eminent American conchologist, who said that he did not think that Plaenorbis dilatatus,Gould, occurred in any of the cotton growing states, and that in his opinion it was essentially a cold water species. He also said that the species had been described from specimens collected in a pond near Cincinnati, Ohio, and named by Mr. Lea as P. /ems, but as that name was subsequently found pre-occupied by a fossil species, it was named by Dr. Gould as Plan- orbis diatatus. In a subsequent letter to Dr. Jeffreys, dated December, 1869, Mr Anthony said that he had written to Mr. Lea and other _ conchologists for further information as to | localities where it was found. During the year 1871, Dr. Jeffreys paid a _ visit to America and brought home to England two specimens of the P/axorbis, one of which he sent tome. This lack of specimens which he brought, and their absence from the col- lections of American shells in England, have led me to suppose that the species is some- what rare in the United States, and it has occurred to me that some further information might be acquired through the pages of your excellent ‘‘Conchologists’ Exchange”’ and that it might be interesting to your American readers to find out or record the distribution of this species, its habitats and its relative scarcity or abundance, and whether it would be likely to have attached itself to submerged cotton when used for defensive purposes during | the war before mentioned. 64 THE . CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE DESCRIPTION OF NEW GENERA OR SUBGENERA OF HELICIDA. BY C. F. ANCEY. (Continued.) XII. Mdllendorfia, Ancey. ‘Testa medi- “ocris, solidula, convexo-depresso, aperti um- ‘bilicata, griseo vel nigro-vinosa, haud nitens, “seriebus, verrucarum eximie pustulata. An- “fractus 5, ultimus antice plerumque breviter “solutus et perdeflexus, rotundatus, infra con- ‘vexus. Apertura obliqua, ringens, alba, extus “scrobiculata. Peristoma reflexum, album.” Types. Helix trisinuata, Mart.; H. Hen- saniensis, Gredler; H. Eastakeana, Mdllen- dorff. Geog. distribution: Central and Southern China (Valley of the Yang-tse-Kiang); Ton- kin. Some of these shells have been referred to | Cepolis by Pfeiffer, while Gredler put his Hen- saniensis in Polygyra,a strictly North American genus! ‘They are a very distinct group, with a singular sculptute and peculiar features. XIII. Trichelix, Ancey. ‘Testa medio- ‘cris staturze, tenuiuscula, pilis rigidis horrida, “corneo-fulva, umbilicata. Spira concava; “anfractus regulariter crescentes, ultimus maxi- “mus, turgidus, antice deflexus, “obliqua, extus scrobiculata, dentata. “toma labiatum et reflexum.”’ Type. Helix horrida, Pfeiffer. Geog. distribution: Mountains of Laos. XIV. Entodina, Ancey. “Testa parvula, “compressa, orbicularis, subtenuis, striata, flav- | “ula, parum nitens, late et perspective umbili- “cata, Apertura | Peris- | _ paucispirata, _ “subexpanso preedita. Anfractus regulariter crescentes nec | “artispirati, ultimus depressus, antice deflexus. | * Apertura obliqua, breviter soluta, dentibus 4 | ‘‘profunde in palato sitis armata; peristoma “breviter expansum, continuum, in callo mar- “gines jungente tuberculo prominulo instruc- “tum.” Type. Helex Reyrei, Sowerby. Geog. distribution: Pacific coast (Ecuador). This singular little shell has very striking characters. It cannot be collocated in Poly- gyra or Systrophia. XV. Tetrodcntina, Ancey. ‘Testa sub- “elobosa, solida, cretacea, plerumque unifas- “ciata, umbilico sat parvo cylindrico proedita ‘‘Anfractus 5-7 arcte convoluti, spiram subcon- “icam apice obtusam formantes, ultimus altus, “‘tumidus, rotundatus, antice non deflexus. | “Apertura minus obliqua intus dentibus 4 mu- “nita, scilicet: 2 in pariete duobusque in inter- “‘iore marginis basalis albo incrassati leviterque “‘expansiusculi.”’ Types. Helix Yantaiensis, tetrodon and Houaiensis. Geog. distribution: ho (North China). Loss. Valley of the Hoang- It is found fossil in the XVI. Rhyssotopsis, Ancey. ‘Testa similis “characteribus plerisque RKhysota, Albers, sed “multo minor typicis speciebus, fragilior, fusca “et spiraliter tenuiter striatula.”’ Type. Helix Haughtoni, Benson. Geog. distribution: Andaman Islands. XVII. Ophiospila, Ancey. ‘Testa affinis “gen. Solaropsidi, sed multo minor, cicatrice “semper destituta, haud angulata, plerumque tenuis, tenuissime granulata, ‘fascus interruptis exiguis signata et peristo- “mate sinuato, haud reflexo.vix ad columellam A Psadara differt testa ‘‘minore, tenuius granulata, haud hirsuta, spira “convexiuscula et aperturee characteribus.”’ Types. Helix Kuhni, Pfeiffer; H. andicola Pfeiffer: H. catenifera, etc. Geog. distribution: Guyana. Columbia. To be Continued. DHE CONCHOLOGISTS”: EXCHANGE 65 NEW LOCALITIES. Editor Conchologists’ Exchange : Sir: Please report the following new local- | ities: | Triton Swifti, Tryon. Reported in Tryon’s Manual only from Isle of Antigua, W. I., on authority of R. Swift. Several fine specimens of this shell were received from Miss Annie Peniston, collected in the Bermudas. Carychium exiguum, Say, was found by the writer in a wet hummock near Palma Sola, Florida. Not hitherto reported from the States, I believe. Succinea lineata, W. G. B., is abundant in this vicinity in pools of alkali water, near the South Platte River, in early Spring. Cuas. T. SIMPSON, Ogalalla, Neb. April 9, 1887. Editor Conchologists’ Exchange: Sir: Mr. E. P. Sampson, of Saco, Maine, | has found specimens of Pholas truncata, Say. at Scarboro, Maine. It has been said never to have been found North of Cape Cod, before. Epw. W. Roper, Revere, Mass. April 10, 1887. ° STRIA. Professor Francis M. Burdick formerly of | Hamilton College, has joined the Cornell faculty. Professor Mobius of Kiel has become the Director of the Zoological Museum at Berlin. Professors Hadley, Farnum and Ripley of Yale expect to make a pedestrian tour of Switzerland in June. Rey. Dr Charles H. Seymour, an alumnus of Trinity College, Hartford, has been elected President of Griswold College, Davenport Iowa. | Professor Young of Princeton, will accom- | pany a party of Russian and English astron- omers who will observe the, total eclipse of the , sun in August next in Kireshama, Russia. In the British Museum, books on Natural history are bound in green, historical works in red, theological in blue, and poetical works in yellow. John A. Ryder, Professor of Comparative Embryology in the University of Pennsylvania, has brought the artificial propagation of the oyster to such perfection that its success seems to be assured. Dr. Albert Kellogg whose death is announced in another column, was the associate of Audu- bon, in Texas, as well as the botanist of the first Government expedition to Alaska after its purchase. The French Association for the Advance- ment of Science, aided by some of the Parisian Medical Societies, have purchased a building in Paris which they will convert into a house for scientific societies. SUCCINEA LINEATA. W. G. B., IN NEBRASKA. RY CHARLES T. SIMPSON. | | NDER the head of ‘‘New Localities” this shell is mentioned as having been found in alkaline pools near the South Platte | River in early spring, and I should like to add | that it matures rapidly, attains its full size and dries before the heat and dry weather of summer comes on. It is found abundantly scattered over the prairies in a worn condition and also in stratified soil to the depth of a hundred feet, semi-fossil. I have collected it in a fresh condition under rocks and upon hills in the dryest localities. Mr. Binney described it from dead, faded specimens. and hence he could not be certain about the color. In text- ure the shell is much like Succinea campestris, Say, rather solid, and is covered with a coarse, yellowish epidermis which soon loosens on exposure after the animal dies. 66 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE (ED SSE A NECROLOGY Prof. E. L. Youmans, January 11 1887. Rudolph von Uechritz, botanist, died No- vember 21, 1886. Dr.S. A. T. Tuelberg. Scandinavian botanist, died December 15, 1886. Don Francisco Loscos y Bernal, Spanish scientist, died Nov. 1886, aged 63. The death of Dr. Albert Kellogg, a distin- guished Californian botanist, at Alameda, California, is announced. Current Comment. FROM OUR FRIENDS TESTIFYING TO THE VALUE OF THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.” ‘Cannot afford to miss a single number.” * * Now that your paper is assuming such proportions, not only in size but in the articles pub- lished, I cannot afford to miss a single number, nora single item. John Walton, Rochester, N. Y. ‘Much interested.”’ * * I do not wish to lose a copy, for I am much interested in the Paper. E. J. Smith, Natick, Mass. “Solid and valuable.’” * * Allow me to congratulate you on the present number of ‘The Conchologists’ Exchange.” It is a solid, valuable number. Chas. T. Simpson, May 4, 1887. Ogalalla, Neb. “Very valuable.” I acknowledge receipt of Nos. 5 and 6 of a very val- uable publication styled ‘The Conchologists’ Ex- change,’’ the perusal of which has proved so interesting to me that I should like to possess all the numbers from the beginning, and to become a regular subscriber for the future. Henry Vendryes, Kingston, Jamaica. ‘‘Worth the money.”’ Enclosed please find my subscription for ‘‘The Con- chologists’ Exchange.’’ I think it worth the money. J. W. Velie, M. D., Academy of Sciences, Chicago, Til. | | attention to our premium list upon another page. such a paper. “Tt will prove of much benefit to conchologists.”’ Iam much pleased with the appearance of your — paper and I thing it will prove of much benefit to con- chologists. George W. Michael, Jr., Morro, Cal, “Quite efficacious.”’ Your ‘‘Conchologists’ Exchange’ is proving quite efficacious. I have already made several exchanges — and have received many letters from persons all over the United States, asking for shells. I would not be surprised if you had struck on a plan that would even- tually be of much benefit to conchologists. Wm. A. Marsh, Aledo, Ills. “Promises to become a valuable publication.’ Allow me to thank you for your kindness in sending to me the first numbers of ‘‘The Conchologists’ Ex- change.’’ It promises to becomea valuable publication — for persons interested in the Mollusca. Charles Prosser, Instructor, Ithaca, N. Y. Cornell University. “*A perpetual surprise.”’ The little exchange notice you inserted for me has been the means of adding several hundred species to - my cabinet. ‘*The Conchologists’ Exchange’’ is a perpetual surprise. I could not get along without it. T aim to put the sample copies you send where they will — do good. George W. Puterbaugh, Greenfield, Ind. , “‘An admirable publication.’ I return you my thanks for the specimen copies of — “The Conchologists’ Exchange’’ which is an admirable > publication. J. Matthew Jones, Halifax, Nova Scotia. © “‘Convenient.’”” I like your convenient ‘‘Conchologists’ Exchange’’ very much. Enclosed please find subscription com- mencing with Vol. I. Wm. Sutton, San Francisco, Cal. “Wants an enlargement.”’ The collectors will soon demand an enlargement of your convenient publication. H. A. Pilsbry, Sept. 23, 1886. Davenport Acad. of Sciences, Iowa. [ They have it—Ep. May, 1887.] , ‘‘We have needed just such a paper.’ I have just returned home and found your bright little ““Exchange’’ awaiting me. We have needed just ! J. A. Singley, Giddings, Tex. {The above are a few extracts from several score of | similar letters, showing the esteem in which we are held. We wish to increase our subscription list very largely and would thank our subscribers to see that all their friends subscribe as well, and would again invite their Ep. ] THE » CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE 67. Young Collectors’ Comer. HOW TO COLLECT SMALL LAND SHELLS. BY V. STERKI, M. D., NEW PHILADELPHIA, O. T is well known that many small land shells are found under and in decaying wood, stumps, logs, and under loose bark, etc., and in such localities they may be picked up by hand or with the aid of a knife’s point or a pair of pincers. Especially during late autumn, open weather in winter, and early spring, these little species can be found in great numbers in their winter quarters, as well as the larger varieties. But it may not be gen- erally known that almost all of them like animal matter for food. The fact that they have been found accidentally in considerable numbers in skulls, etc., makes it advisable to place large pieces of bone with open cavities, such as the head of a sheep (which may be obtained from any butcher), at suitable locali- | ties, well secured by heavy stones, logs, or wire against rapacious animals, thus forming traps, as it were, to be visited from time to time for the small Ayalnas, Pupas, etc., living upon and inthem. Pieces of wood covered with lard will answer the same purpose. In collecting shells never fail to look for them under plants with broad or numerous Carefully gather moss in patches from rocks together with the grass and dead leaves with the same, and especially the layer of decaying moss under these latter, by hand, or better, | with a small rake provided with strong, close- ly-set teeth, and place it upon a large piece of strong paper, or cloth about the size of a bed sheet, the corners of which are provided with loops to be fastened to the ground by pegs to prevent removal by the wind. If time allows let the moss get dry, then shake and rub it gently, removing the coarser parts; for this purpose a sieve will do excellent service. The remaining fine parts, “rubbish” (?) should be placed in a collecting bag and carried home to be treated in the way indicated for ‘ Drift,” in No. 8 of ‘The Conchologists’ Exchange.” During journeys, when time is limited, this is the best method to adopt. The dust under loose bark should be brushed down from both sides ; the finer parts about plants should be gathered up and the examination continued | afterwards at home. Shady or moist hillsides, where short grass grows mixed with moss, are desirable places, and collecting is best done in the described manner at any time in the year, if the weather is open. Where there are rocks, sweep them with a strong brush in a suitable receptacle, such as a pasteboard box (I have used an old umbrella for the purpose); do the same with | trees, upon which you may find the smallest | species clinging, taking care to examine the | bases of rocks as well. leaves spread on the ground and about the | roots. of Iris, standing on a dry gravelly bank, I collected in a half hour’s time, more than 200 Pupa armifera, Say, besides some Pupa A few weeks since upon a single stalk | contracta, Say, Pupa pentodon, Say, Pupa | | ing the mollosks devouring it.* curvidens, Gld. (a peculiar, slender form), Pupa fallax, Say, and Hyalina minuscula, Binney, a part of them, of course, being weathered and poor. One of the best ways and perhaps the most expedient, isthe following, used by me for years in both Europe and America: Care must be taken to add to the gathered moss 77% each instance. a label of strong paper or parchment indicating the locality of collecting and its natural fea- tures, kind of soil, grade of moisture or dry- ness, state of vegetation, and the date of col- lecting. When collecting in mountainous region, the height above sea level should be mentioned. The labels should be previously impregnated with salt or anything else prevent- Many small species, living in moist places have to be looked for along the banks and at *We would suggest a square, tin label, with clipped corners, upon which the inscription may be written with a penknife,—Ep. 68 the very edge of waterways of all kinds. Some of them like to ascend reed-grass, etc. Such specimens should be collected by gently | bending the reed over an inverted umbrella. and then striking it with a stick. These few hints may seem wholly or par- tially unnecessary to an experienced collector, but I think they will be of some value to our | young friends. If you will allow me, Mr. Editor, I shall add in the next issue, a few words concerning the treatment of the shells. VALVES. Professor Josiah Keep, in his popular little work, “California Shells,’ gives the following directions for preserving Chitons: ‘Chitons are hard to preserve in proper shape; it may be done, howeyer, by tying them flat to a shingle with candle wicking,and placing them in fresh water. After they are dead and the muscular mantle has lost its contractile power, they must be loosened from the shingle and the viscera removed with a sharp knife. If you have shells, books, scientific iustru- | ments or natural history specimens to exchange, use the columns of “The Conchologists’ Ex- change,”’ and you will dispose of them. We have collected many specimens of JZar- gartana from the large timber rafts on the Susquehanna River during the summer weather; and you may do likewise. Nore.—Our exchangers have secured from 50 to 400 new species by means of ove adver- tisement. ‘Try printer’s ink and be convinced. Mention is make in Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca, of a Helix hortensts which got entangled in a nut-shell when young, and growing too large to escape, had to endvre the incumbus to the end of its days. Should you desire to secure a premium from the fine list we offer, we will send you a blank for the names of ‘*New Subscuaibers,’’? upon application. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’: EXCHANGE The 15th annual report of ‘The Zoological Society of Philadelphia” was submitted at the meeting held April 28th. Itshows a member- ship of 529 and earnestly requests the names of new members. Donations to the permanent fund may be sent to Mr. Jos. R. McElroy, 205 South 6th St., Philadelphia. From numerous letters received we infer that many are collecting solely for the sake of possession. While it is of course desirable that each collection be complete as possible, collecting in this way is like an ignorant man buying books—he may admire rich binding and have sufficient artistic sense to appreciate harmonizing colors, but he cannot derive in- tellectual enjoyment therefrom. So in collect- | ing, unless the young student carefully investi- gates the character and habits of each little specimen, his collection can never be anything more than a toy, beautiful perhaps, but lacking that broad educational power that individual investigation alone will bring. Very satisfactory results have been obtained by some collectors of shells in studying certain genera, and after an apparent limit has been reached, in turning their attention to others. | Such a course does not result in a general | knowledge of Conchology, which is far more desirable, but has a tendency to make its fol- lowers authorities on the groups studied. In certain localities no better result can be ob- tained owing to geographical features, but all things being equal, it is better for the young to have a good general conchological education | than to confine their attention to a_ single branch of the study and to fail through lack. of material. Just here is where our paper helps to bring you into communication with the rest of the shell world and is a useful medium for you to trade ideas as wellas shells. Do not hesitate to use 1t. We wish our young _ friends to feel they own a share in this Corner of our paper, and while we cannot promise to publish all we receive, every communication _ will have our careful personal consideration and we will endeavor to make room at least for extracts from those displaying most careful and original investigation. THE »- CONCHOLOGISTS’ . EXCHANGE 69 Gexchange Column. Terms, which must be cash with order, are as fol- lows: Exchanges of 20 words, including address, 10 | cents; for each additional 10 words the charge will | be 5 cents. No exchange will be inserted for less than To cents. 75 cents per annum for a monthly exchange of 20 words ; $1.00 per annum for a monthly exchange of 30 words, with privilege of change each month. OFFERED:—American Journal of Conchology,seven vols. neatly bound, in exchange for shells. A large fresh lot of Uniones, nasutus, complanatus and luteolus: also, a few Melantho decisa, all in excel- lent condition, to exchange for other fresh-water shells of the South and West. JOHN WALTON, 77 Arcade, Rochester, N. Y. OFFERED: —Tellina radiata, Paludina integra, Strombus gigas, Modiola plicatula, Mytilus edulis,Crep- | idula unguiformis, Levicardium serratum, Columbella mercatoria, Limnzea elodes, for land and fresh-water shells. WM. WEEKS, Jr., 508 Willoughby Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. OFFERED :—Minnesota and marine shells for other shells and minerals. Send lists. JOHN M. HOLZ- INGER, State Normal School. Winona, Minn. OFFERED :—Numerous species of European and nean shells in exchange for mollusks from the United States and foreign countries. FELIX ANCEY, 34 Montie de Lodi, Marseilles, France. WANTED :—Focene fossils named and localized in exchange for others. G. E. EAST, Jr., 241 Evering, road, Upper Clapton, Eng. OFFERED :—Two hundred species of shells and Davies’ ‘“‘Egg Check List’’ in exchange for books on Conchology; send title and state the condition of your book and I will send you list of the shells. A. A. HINKLEY, Du Bois, Ill. WANTED :—American correspondents interested in the study of the genus Pupa (including Pupilla, Vertigo, etc.), of the U.S. Duplicates and other shells for ex- TERTIARY and other fossils from Southern State and Europe; 50 species of Birds’ Eggs, and 100 pounds of Minerals consisting of Amethyst on Agate; Agate rough and polished: Pyromorphite: Native Copper Zinc blende: Galena: rare Iron Ores, &c., &c., for strictly fine and correctly named Mollusca from South and Central America, Asia, Africa, and Australia. : Address,W. D. AVERELL, change. WV. STERKI, M. D., New Philadelphia, O. | Chestnut Hill, Phila. | OUR PREMIUM LIST’ A CHANCE FOR WORKERS KEEN AND BRIGHT. Send $1.75 and the names of 5 subscribers, and we will forward to the originator of the club, one copy of Dr. Hays’ ‘Descriptions of the Inferior Maxillary Bones of Mastodons,” 29 plates; or, in heu thereof, 50 cents’ worth of shells at List prices. Prof. J. E. Kingsley’s ‘Naturalists’ Assist- ant,” 228 pages, will be sent post-paid for $5.25 and the names of 15 subscribers. Woodward’s “Manual of the Mollusca,” 1880 edition, will be sent free for $10.50 and the names of 30 subscribers. Tryon’s “Structural and Systematic Con- chology,”’ cheap edition, will be sent free for $17.50, and the names of 50 subscribers. Tryon’s “Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca of the United States,” plain edition, will be sent free for $35 and the names of 100 : : | subscribers. exotic Coleoptera and land, fresh-water and Mediterra- | Sowerby’s “Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells,” 264 plates, %-morocco, 2 volumes, 8vo. sent free for $52.50 and the names of 150 subscribers. AND LOOK! For $87.50 and the names of 250 sub- —i@™ scribers, we will send, express prepaid, Bes one of Queon’s Educational Microscopes. mounted upon a brass tripod stand with adjust- able eyepieces, object glasses and diaphragm complete. A fine chance for an active worker. A COMMISSION of 25 per cent.in CASH will be paid in lieu of the above premiums. Notrt.—Parties desiring to secure the bene- fits of tha above truly liberal offers, must not keep the names of subscribers together with the subscriptions, until they have completed their list, but should send them soon as received and we will keep an exact account of them. >. ot 7) 70 THE + CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE ces ee eee = = = ee — + } FINE BOOKS FoR esr = ar sw ee ee It is said of Quaritch that should you entrust him with a cash order you will receive the book value of your money. Now, while we have all of Quaritch’s honesty, coupled with a hearty desire to please you, we have not achieved his repu- tation. These books will establish a reputa- tion for anybody. Sold only for Cash. Keg The highest reference given if desired. aq Kirby and Spence. An Introduction | Lowe, HE. T. Ferns, British and Exotic, § to Entomology; or, Elements of the Natural | vols.; New and Rare Ferns, 1 vol.; British History of Insects. With Plates; by Wm. | Grasses, I vol.; Beautiful Leaved Plants, 1 Kirby and Wm. Spence; 4th edtn; qvols. | vol.; Illustrated with beautiful plates in half morocco; London, 1822. Price $18— | colors. Together 11 vols., royal 8 vo; half Regular price $20. Jevant-morocco; extra gilt tops. London | 1872 Price $95. Regular price $100. D’Orbigny, Charles M. _ JPictionaire Universal D’ Histoire Naturelle, Dirige Par | Woodward. Manual of the Mollusca, with M. Charles D’Orbigny ; 15 vols.— 12 vols. Appendix by Ralph Tate. 642 pp: 23 of text and 3 vols. of plates. half morocco ; plates, 441 figures, 270 illustrations. Lon- Paris, 1849. Price $70, Regular price $75. | — don, 1880 edition. Price $2.50 post-paid. | Formerly $2.60. Sowerby, J. Genera of Recent and Fos- The same, 1875 edtn, $2 post-paid. sil Shells for the use of Students in Conchol- ogy and Geology. Illustrated with 264 Drury. D. Exotic Entomology. Tlustra- original plates. 2 volumes, 8-vo;_ half tions of, wherein are exhibited upwards of morocco. London (N. 1D.). Price $15. 600 insects of the East and West Indies, Regular price $17.50. China, New Holland, North and South America, Germany, ete., very few of which are figured in any other work. New edition with additions and Scientific Indexes by J. O. Westwood. 150 plates beautifully color- ed. 3 vols., 4-to. Half morocco, uncut. London 1837. Price $25. Stephens, James and Francis. _II- lustrations of British Entomology ; or, a Synopsis of Indigenous Insects, containing their generic and specific distinctions. _Em- bellished with colored figures of the rarer and more interesting species. 12 volumes; | ““This exquisite work of Drury displays the complete ae = - U Sire 2 2 A ° half roan. London, 1828. Price $50. | insect in a degree of perfection that leaves nothing to > ar Bo . > Oe x . . Regular price $55. is be desired.’’-Sir James E. Smith. THE - CONCITOLOGISTY’ » EXCHANGE 71 Gould, John. A Centery of Birds from | Westwood, J. O. Arcana Entomologica ; the Himalaya Mountains. Folio; half mo- | or, [llustrations of New, Rare, and Interest- rocco, (Scarce.) Price $70. Regular price ing Insects. 2 vols, half morocco. London $75. 1845. Price $27.50. Regular price $30. The Standard Natural History, by Lowe, E. T. Beautiful Leaved Plants. | the Leading American Authorities. Pdited Being a description of the most beautiful | by Elliot Coues, M. D. and T. S. Kingsley. Jeaved plants in cultivation in this country. | Parts 1 to 38, complete, nearly new, mostly With 60 colored illustrations. 8-vo. Half | uncut. Price for the lot $12. morocco; extra gilt tops. London 1861. | Nore: This great work is now being publish- Price $10. Regular price $12. ed andthe above is a rare chance to secure the first 38 parts. Sixty parts in all will be u . | issued, making when complete one of the Tryon, Geo.W. Jr. Structural and Sys- most accurate and highly illustrated contri- tematic Conchology, and, also, Manual of | — butions to Science ever published. Conchology. The latest works for Conchol- ogists. Subscriptions taken and _ filled. _ The American Naturalist. Odd copies Circulars sent on application. for sale as follows: Vol. X, January to Sep- | tember; Vol. XV, January; Vol. XVI, July oe ae “ rae to December: Vol. XVII, January, May to SPECIAL Novice:—A few second hand copies Decouhenevell KV Ill January Aen of Tryon’s Structural and Systematic Con- ruary ; Tdex to Vol. XII. Prices 20 and chology for sale at $5.00—Cash. | 25 cents each. THE CONCHOLOGISTS EXCHANGE, CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., _U. S. A. Penn Printing Company Brifers s sent to yohe Office of The MERMAID AVENUE Be iolonists ance iChestaas CHESTNUT HILL—— Hilt, will | have ” compe « attention KLIN ie a 7 Neg PHILADELPHIA—-— CATAI OGUES . _ MOUNTING CARDS: _ LABELS ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY FURNISHED {AU COLLECTIONS OF 3 WE HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE NAMING OFG SHELLS AT THE LOW PRICE OF IO CENTS PERG SPECLES. i LAS DOES NOT INCLUDE RAL SiO ies TATION, WHICH (MUST IN “AEE (CASES BE FAge BY SENDER. ADDRESS The Conchologists’ Exchange, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. DO YOU WANT SPERCIMENS 2 ares Wes eens ie tas ee ken hs lst Uae 5 cents 200 Sea Shells. small but good. . . 15 cents Star IRISH eis soe Beevers Meg te) st cee 5 cents Chinese Chop-Sticks 12 cents; Coins 5 cents SealUrehinis i. 8h. ates ee Sacentse 5 fine Minerals nese. =a cree 15 cents oR “Common Sense,” a large 12-column paper devoted to collectors, a whole year, with any one of the above, for 25 cents. 4,000 copies each issue now. Large exchange column free to subscribers. Send at once. F. A. THOMAS, Mexico, N. Y. The West American Scientist. Ge Journal, established in 1884, begins a new volume as a 24-page illustrated monthly magazine of yi. POPULAR SCIEINGE A feature consists of articles on topography and natural history of Upper and Lower California Fminent Scientists are contributors. Price $1.00 per year, Io cents a copy. Send 25 cents for a 4 months trial subscription. Agents Wanted. , C. R. ORCUTT, Editor, San Diego, Cal. The Conehologists’ Exchange. COPYRIGHT SECURED VoL. I. No. 12 A Publication Designed for Conchologists and Scientists generally. ISSUED MONTHLY BY NVM sy = Rie, Epitor ano PustisHer. 8G Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all. Matters for publication must be received by the fifth of each month. TERMS Subscription, Volume IT. - = Single copies five cents each. 50 cents Remittance should be sent by Money Order, Postal Note, or by Registered letter. Unused United States Postage Stamps will be received in any amount in pay- ment of bills. Address all correspondence to WM. D,. AVERELL, Editor and Publisher, Chestnut Hill. Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A. ADVERTISING RATES. One inch, displayed, 1 month ........-... -$ 50 One inch, displayed, 3 months ...........+++. I 00 One-half column, displayed, 1 month ...,.. 2 00 One-half column, displayed, 3 months...... 4 00 One column, displayed, 1 month .... ap 4100 One column, displayed, 3 months..........-. 8 00 Entered at the Post-office ij Ae Passas second-class matter. Rg eel 2§ 5x SUBSCRIPTIONS TO VOLUME II, BEGINNING WITH JULY NEXT, ARE NOW DUE. | ITH this number we finish the first year of our journalistic existence. One year ago we spent a much- needed vacation in doing little else but think- ing about the needs of American conchologists. The outcome of that thought was a postal card which we rather timorously styled “Volume I, auth, CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., JUNE, 1887. Number 1,’? and announced that it was the first number of ‘The Conchologists’ Ex- change.” Since that time, with the aid of our friends (and we trust every subscriber is a friend), our paper has increased in size and, if we are to believe the many testimonials we have received, in usefulness as well. “THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE,” in its present form involves a greater outlay for print- ing than formerly, as you can readily see. That being the case, we feel called upon to ask a slightly increased subscription price for Volume II, and to show you that we are liberally in- clined, we promise to give 2% each number, in- formation to the value of a year’s subscription and also beg leave to announce that, begin- ning with the July number, we propose to throw open the “Zxchange Column,” to the free use of all subscribers. | Now, as we have declared our intentions, we must ask you to send us fifty (50) cents as the subscription price of Volume II. We trust you will all respond to this very reasonable increase in price and that the dividend declared will meet with no fault-finding among the stock-holders. A FITTING companion to the very able arti- cles by Mr. C. F. Ancey, Mr. Wm. A. Marsh, and Dr. A. Sterki, has been found in the “Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,” by Mr. Horace F. Carpenter, whose reputation for accuracy in describing the Mollusca, is so well- known. This article is a continuation of the articles on the same subject, published in “Random Notes on Natural History,” the discontinuation of which, in December last, we noted in a former issue. We can furnish our readers with the back volumes of ‘Random Notes,” containing the former numbers of Mr. Carpenter’s interesting history of Rhode Island shells, with the exception of Nos. 1 and 2, which, however, were only general in their treatment of the subject. Please see adver- tisement. 74 BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MERCER CoO., ILL. BY WILLIAM A. MARSH. (Continued.) 34.-—Unio rubiginosus, Lea, A very variable species which inhabits Pope and Edwards Creeks. I have never found it in the river. It varies much in outline. Sex- ual differences are quite marked; the females being more inflated and slightly emarginate. It has a dark brown or rubiginose epidermis sometimes of a greenish or yellow tinge, vel- vety in texture, and usually has a white nacre, often shining and iridescent. Some have a very pale rose-colored nacre, while others are of alight salmon color. ‘This abundant and widely distributed species often bears strong resemblance to a number of both northern and southern described forms. It is often found associated with both coccéneus and trigonus and is then difficult to separate from them unless the collector familiarizes himself with the specific differences of the three forms. It differs from ¢v7gorus in being more depressed, more elongated, more rounded over the um- bones, in having lighter cardinal and_ lateral teeth and very much éess prominent growth lines. Its beaks are less ponderous and the undulations also quite different. It differs herve from cocctneus in having a darker and rougher epidermis, in the undulations of its beaks, in its teeth, and general outline and color of its nacre. In our creeks it is an active species and is found in all kinds of situations; on the sandy bars, in the gravel, under the projecting edges of large rocks, in water very highly impregnated with iron ore, in the mud, and even under logs submerged in the water. Unio solidus, Lea. Ss An inhabitant of the deep water of the Mississippi River. This is a rare shell and I THE) CONCHOLOGISTS?- EXCHANGE . consider it extraordinary good luck to find three or four specimens in a season. As _ its name implies it is a thick, solid shell, epider- mis dark reddish brown, growth lines smooth, beaks smooth and massive and slightly incury- ed, rays dark green or dark brown. It isa very distinct species, yet, judging from the many names I have received it under from collectors, it is not well understood. Of our local species, it most resembles “7gonus. The Unio plenus and the cati/lus, of Conrad, are often mistaken for this shell, but its green or brown rays, rounded umbones and massive beaks will, however, always distinguish it from those forms. The color of the interior varies” from white and light rose to a beautiful pink and even salmon color. 36.— Unio spatulatus, Lea. This species is found only in Pope and_ Edwards Creeks and never in the river. It was once very abundant here but, owing to- the constant ravages of hogs, coons and musk- rats, it is now nearly extinct. It is a finely shell, covered with dark-green rays, slightly undulate, and in this character it much resem-— bles gamentinus with which it groups. Its” cardinal teeth are small, and when found in iron ore water they are always stained with that substance. The animal seems to prefer gravelly situations, and very frequently buries_ itself so deeply in sand or gravel that it is difficult to find. 37-—Untio subovatius, Lea. This species is found very sparingly in Pope and Edwards Creeks. It is the male of Unzo occtdens, Lea, and in many respects is strik- ingly similar to verdricosus, Barnes. It often attains an immense size and is provided with very large beaks and teeth. Its surface orna- mentation is extremely variable, for while some specimens are provided with beautiful green rays, varying greatly in width, others are found with a few dull rays over the anterior portion of the shell, while others still are en- tirely devoid of rays. THE . CONCHOLOGISTS’ -: EXCHANGE 75 38.— Unio securis, Lea. Found rarely in the Mississippi River and in Swan Lake on the Bog Island, and alwstys in deep water. A smooth, triangular shell, very solid, and usually very beautiful. Epi- dermis smooth, varying from yellow to green and brown color. The rays are remarkably variable, some being straight, others zigzag with blackish or brown dots in all imaginary shapes. Its beaks are very much compressed and very flat over the summit, while its um- bones are very angular. The nacre is usually white, shining and iridescent, but I have found specimens having pink and salmon- colored nacres. Sexual differences are very apparent; the female being very much inflated and truncated. The species is slow in its movements and moves about but little. Secz7s is so distinct that when once known it need not be confounded with any other. 39.—Unio Schoolcraftii, Lea. This species is found only in Edwards Creek and is now rare. It is a pustulose spe- cies and in some respects resembles U. puestz- Zosus, but the careful observer will notice dif- ferences in outline, as it is quadrate, while pustuiosus is subrotund and, again, it is always much less inflated. It has the same greenish tint over the beaks and umbones, but it is spread on,so to speak, in a different manner. When young, Schoolcraftit has but few pus- tules, but as it increases in age (usually), is found almost completely covered with them. The epidermis is very dark brown in adult specimens, ‘The teeth and cicatrices are quite different from pzstelosus. The nacre is white and shining, always much thicker before than behind in all except the very aged specimens, in which the nacre is of a rusty iron ore color. It is a very active species and may be found in all situations; in the iron ore beds, in the gravel, in the mud and in both deep and shallow water. Often, owing to its activity, it gets left upon dry land, as it will venture along the margin of the stream where the water is not deep enough to cover its shell, and, by a sudden fall of the water it is left upon the dry sand. Ata place of this kind, below Fender’s Grist Mill when the waters are shut off every Saturday evening, the collector may find num- bers of this species, together with parvus and rubiginosus which have been suddenly left in the sand by the receding waters. To be continued. DESCRIPTION OF NEW GENERA OR SUBGENERA OF HELICIDA. BY C. F. ANCEY. (Continued. ) XVIII. Coxia, Ancey. ‘Testa valde de- “planata,latissime wmbilicata, tenuis,subcornea, “supra minus micans, infra nitidior, Spira ‘plana, apice prominulo, arctispirata, anfracti- “bus numerosis, ultimo supra acute angulato, “infra convexo. Apertura parva, sinuata, ad “carinam angulata. Peristoma obtusatum, vix “inferne expansiusculum,”’ Type: Helix Macgregori, Cox, Geog. distribution: New Ireland. This group differs from Systrophia and from Ophiogyra in being carinated above the peri- phery and in having the apex elevated above the level of the following whorls. ‘The dis- tribution is not the same. XIX. Lejeania, Ancey. “Testa forma *‘Xerophilis quibusdam sen Fructicolis vicina, “tenuis, anfractibus sat celeriter crescentibus, ““convexo depressa, spira convexa,subobtecte et “mediocriter umbilicata, cornea fasciis opace “albis zonata vel alba opaca cum zonis angustis “nigris. Apertura obliqua; peristoma tenuis, “simplex acutum, rectum, ad umbilicum expan- “sum.” 76 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ > EXCHANGE Helix Darnaudi, Pfeiffer; H. Issel. H. Jickeliana, Nevill, etc. Types: iana, Morelet ; Geog. distribution : nia ; Sennaar. Mountains of Abyssi- XX. Pseudiberus, Ancey. ‘Testa solida, “opaca, non nitens, costulata vel striata. Spira “plus minusve elevata, obtusa; anfractus ‘parum convexi, interdum carinati, sutura “lineari, modice crescentes ; ultimus carinatus. “Apertura obliqua angulata. Peristoma album ‘reflexum, incrassatum. MHabitu et textura “testae Iberos (Europe incolas) valde com- ‘“memorans: Umbilicus apertus.” Types: Helix tectum-sinense, Mart.; H. Zenonis, Gredler; H. plectotropis, Mart., and Matsianensis, Nevill. Geog. distribution: China (in Northern provinces); Central Asia (Eastern Turkestan, Songoria, Mounts Tian-schan). Allied to Plectotropis; more coarsely sculp- tured, shell heavier, peristome thicker and whitish; the texture of the shell is quite differ- ent and the general appearance is much like that of Helix scabriuscula. XXI. I venture to suggest the above name for the well-known @alifornian species of Helices such as arrosa, Gould; ramentosa, Gould; exarata, Pfeiffer; tudiculata, Binney, and others, as Dr. Jousseaume has proved they are distinct from the European type of Arionta (Helix arbustorum), by many features of the soft parts. He has studied Helix tudiculata, so that this species must be regarded as the type of the group. It bears the same relation to Aglaja and Lysince, as in Europe Arionta to Campylosa, and I am convinced the two series are parallel in both countries. Micrarionta, Ancey, a group including only three Californian species, viz: H. Gabbi; H. facta. and H. ruficincta, Newcomb, is very near Helminthoglypta, and connects it with Aglaja.. Helminthoglypta, Ancey. To be continued. THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE ISLAND. BY HORACE F. CARPENTER. (Nore. This article is a continuation of the same sub- ject as formerly published in ‘‘Random Notes on Natural History.’’—Epziror.) Chapter XXXVI. | 182. Planorbis (Menetus) exacu- tus, Say. Synonyms: Planorbis, lens, Lea ;_ Planorbis Brongniartiana, Lea; Planorbis leiticularis, Lea; Planorbis Buchanensis, Lea; Planorbis hyalina, Lea. This very peculiar shell was discovered in Lake Champlain by Mr. Augustus Jessup. Only two specimens were found and these were deposited in the cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, at Philadelphia. Mr. Say described them in 1821, in the ‘Journal of the Academy,” Vol. II, No. 165, under the name of Planorbis exacuous. This term is not a Latin word, nor has ita Latin termination and it may be presumed that in printing the description, an “o’? was substituted in mistake, for a ‘‘t.’’ If so, by correcting this error, we have a legiti- mate specific name, and one very expressive of the form of the shell. The subgeneric name, Menetus, includes those species whose shells are depressed ; whorls rapidly increasing; the periphery angulated, and the aperture very oblique. It was used by A. and H. Adams, in 1885, for two species of Planorbis inhabit- ing the United States, planorbis opercularis, Gould, and exacutus, Say. The shell is of a light horn color, those from some localities almost white, with four whorls, flattened so that each whorl is twice as wide as deep; the upper and lower surfaces are both convex and meet at the periphery in an acute lateral edge; the superior termination of the lip exactly coincides with tne sharp edge of the body whorl ; the aperture, looked THE : CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE 77 at transversely, appears almost triangular; lip simple and sharp; umbilicus broad, showing all the volutions to the apex. Diameter, one- quarter of an inch. It is found in brooks, ditches and stagnant ponds, adhering to sticks and leaves. It is quoted from New England to Kansas, and southward to Washington, D.C. The only locality where I have found it is in a small pool near Hammond’s Pond, Pawtucket. Mr. E. H. Jenks has found several specimens in Valley Falls Pond. 138. Planorbis (Gyraulus) deflec- tus, Say. Synonyms: Planorbis virens, Adams; Plan- orbis obliquus, DeKay ; Nautilina deflecta, Chenu. Shell dextral, depressed ; whorls five, mi- nutely and regularly wrinkled across; body- whorl somewhat carinated above; aperture suddenly deflected downwards; lip simple, commencing just below the carina and em- bracing but a small portion of the whorl ; umbilicus broad, showing one-half of each whorl to the apex; upper surface of the shell convex; lower surface concave. Diameter, three-tenths of an inch. The sub-genus, Gyraulus of Agassiz is represented in the United States by five species of which four inhabit Rhode Island. This section is characterized thus: ‘Shell discoidal; whorls few, rapidly enlarging; periphery some- times carinated ; last whorl sometimes de- flected.’ Planorbis deflectus was first col- lected by Dr. Bigsby in the Northwest Territory, and described by Say in the second volume of “Long’s Expedition to the source of St. Peter’s River,” page 261, 1824. The variety virens of Adams, now considered as a synonym of deflectus was first found by Mr. Shiverick at New Bedford, Mass., and described by Prof. C.B. Adams in Silliman’s Journal vol. XX XIX, No. 274, 1840, asadistinct species. It resembles deflectus in all respects excepting that the lip As not so much deflected, in fact, no more so than in other species of this sub-genus. ’ P. deflectus is found in ponds and rivers, adhering to stones, Great Slave Lake to Wash- ington and from New England to Nebraska. The typical deflectus is not common in Rhode Island, although we find a few in Valley Falls Pond, The variety virens, is quite abundant in this locality. 135. Planorbis (Gyraulus) dilata- tus, Gould. Shell small, of a yellowish green color; spire flat, composed of three whorls, separated by a well-defined suture; the outer whorl has a sharp margin ona level with the spire; below this margin the whorl rounds convexly so as to encircle a small, deep, abruptly-formed | umbilicus; this whorl enlarges rapidly, form- ing a large, not very oblique aperture; lip expanded, trumpet shaped. Diameter of the shell, three-twentieths of an inch; thickness, one-twentieth of an inch, A widely distributed shell but extremely local. It was first found on the Island of Nantucket, in damp moss by Mr. J. M. Earle of Worcester, Mass., afterwards in July, 1840, Mr. J. J. Whittemore found it in great numbers ina small pool in Hingham, Mass. Mr. Per- kins has found it at New Haven, Conn. The only locality in Rhode Island so far as I know, is a little pond on the side of the T.ouisquissett Pike, about half way between Providence and Harris Lime Rock in Smithfield. It is only a shallow depression, nearly dry most of the year, and the shells were found in summer on stones and at first were mistaken for some species of land shell, but were identified as Planorbis dilatatus afterwards by my friend, Mr. John Ford, of Philadelphia. They were reddish in color and not greenish as above but the color of all our fluviatile shells depends on the locality and the nature of the water in which they live. Another species to be de- scribed hereafter, whose color is given by au- thorities as brownish horn or light chestnut, is fully as often found in our State as black as: coal, while in some localities they are nearly white. 78 THE + CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE 185. Planorbis (Gyraulis) hirsutus, Gould. Synonyms: Planorbis albus, W. G. Binney, Haldeman, non Miiller. Shell light brown, concave on both sides, more so on the left, whorls ¢hree, rapidly in- creasing; aperture large, sub-oval, oblique; lip simple. Diameter one-quarter of an inch. The prominent characteristic which distin- guishes this species from all others of the sub- genus, is that expressed by its specific name, hirsutus. The entire surface of the shell is covered by: a dark epidermis, bristling with rigid hairs which are arranged in close revoly- ing lines. When the shell becomes bleached the hairs drop off and show plainly the revolv- ing lines. Mr. W. G. Binney has endeavored to show that our shell is identical with the Planorbis albus, Miiller, of Europe, and in his description of American fresh-water shells in the ‘ Smith- sonian Miscellaneous Collection,’ No. 143, 1865, page 132, he has named it Planorbis albus, Miiller. Notwithstanding Mr. Binney’s great reputation as a Conchologist, aud his valuable labors in this department, I cannot but think he is wrong in this instance. The two species, hirsutus and albus are as surely distinct as any two species of the same sub- genus can be. ‘The general form of the two is similar, but not more so than several other species. The color of the European species, albus, is, as its name signifies, white, or nearly so, and they have neither the rigid hairs, nor the revolving lines of our hirsutus. I have numerous specimens of both species, and my specimens of albus are not as smooth as de- flectus or parvus. The number of whorls and the umbilicus are different, and the habits of the animal are unlike ours. On referring to Reeve’s ‘British Land and Fresh-water Mollusks,”’ page 139, we find his description of Planorbis albus: ‘Shell rather depressed, thin, whitish, horny, covered witha scarcely perceptible hairy epidermis: lower, concavity, a broadly excavated umbilicus; whorls four to five. The animal feeds vora- ciously on species of Potamogeton and is found ( on water plants in all parts of the British Isles.’ Planorbis hirsutus was first discovered by Prof. C. B. Adams, in Mansfield, Mass., and described by Dr. A. A. Gould, in 1840, in “Silliman’s Journal,’ Vol. XXXVIII, page 196, and in 1841, in “Gould’s Invertebrata of Massachusetts,’ page 206. It has been found at Dorchester, Dedham and Cambridge, adher- ing to sticks and stones in stagnant water, and in Rhode Island at Valley Falls and in the Providence and Worcester Canal, on stones, but has never been found in America, so far as I can learn, upon a water plant. To be Continued. Young Collectors’ Comer. HOW TO COLLECT SMALL LAND SHELLS. BY V. STERKI, M. D., NEW PHILADELPHIA, O. Continued. Il. HOW TO TREAT THEM WHILE ON JOURNEYS. Many American collectors recommend put- ting the smaller specimens in alcoho] at once. This is very expedient but it does not prove quite satisfactory for several reasons. In many instances it is desirable to examine the living animal; its size, shape, color, and mode of locomotion. In the case of rare or new forms this is of great importance and would not be possible after immersion in alcohol, which has a tendency also to coagulate slime and so stiffen the odontophore (lingual membrane), as to render its examination difficult. By simply THE? CONCHOLOGISTS” = EXCHANGE 79 drying the animal the odontophore may be more easily prepared and examined and the preparation will get cleaner. And last, but not least, the use of alcohol will result in the soft parts remaining in the aperture of the shell, and not only make it unsightly, but render the proper study of the specimens difficult or im- possible. In the case of Pupfas and Vertzgos, this is very important, as the teeth and folds often reach deep in the mouth of the shell and should be seen plainly to be studied correctly. It may be prevented by keeping the shells living dry for a few days, so that the animals may lose a part of their moisture and retire deeper in the shell; then it is time to kill them, by dip- ping them in a strainer or piece of fine muslin in nearly boiling water for from 30 seconds to one minute. After this they should be dried well in a moderate heat to prevent decompo- sition of the soft parts, and the development of fungi. If the shells are collected at their homes it is best to place them, together with the moss and dead leaves, in a box. If this should be wooden, there will be air enough; if tin, the cover should be perforated with small holes, but they should not be kept too long init. Shells also should never be kept in a stoppered via] before they are dry; use cot- ton instead of cork. The shells, as found, are often covered with slime and dirt, and it is necessary to clean them; but most of them are too small and too tender to do this by hand. A prominent collector has indicated a very expedient means: Some fine sand should be put in a small glass test tube with the shells, and after water is added, the tube should be gently shaken until the shells are clean. A box or bottle of washed sand should be always kept on hand and the portion used may be dried for future use. Cleaning in this way should be done while the animals are living ; when thus treated the shells are less liable to get filled with sand. Sometimes it is advisa- ble to soak them for a few hours in water in which a little soda has been dissolved. After drying, the shells should be separated by species and put up in vials or tubes, not however without a label indicating the place where they were collected, and the name, if | known. It should be constantly borne in | mind that the locality is of more importance than the name, as the latter can be obtained at any time, while the former is more easily for- gotten and if lost cannot be supplied. If the vial is not full of shells, a piece of cotton wool should be added to prevent damage. Shells of quite different sizes should be packed sepa- rately, lest the smaller ones slip into the larger and in many instances be lost. If specimens are sent for examination or determination, all kinds of about the same size, from one locality may be put together. I like this mode best, as it at once gives an idea of the malacological character of a certain place. A collector should try to have as good spe- cimens as he can find, but if a number of good ones cannot be obtained, poor shells are of course, preferable to none. While it should be remembered that the modes of collecting described in these pages will in most instances yield a number of any species living in a certain locality, on the other hand, it is not the right thing to select only the largest and most beau- tiful specimens for the collection, as they would not give a true idea of a species or variety, and the average form should be well represented. It is also a good plan to add a few young specimens, in different stages of growth, as the smaller species not only form very interesting groups, but also present very beautiful forms that should be looked for ear- nestly. There is no doubt but that quite a number of new species and varieties of the Pupa and Vertigo group have yet to be found in America. Iam making a special study of these and shall always be glad to receive min- utize for examination and, if desired, for deter- mination, and shall, in describing new forms give full credit to any contributor. STRIAe. Changes of P. O. addresses: M. A. Mitchell, from Waldo, Fla., to Jasper, Mo.; Rev. A. B. Kendig, from 35 Dale St., Boston, Mass., to 11 Hanson Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.; G. D. Harris, from Ithaca, N. Y., to Jamestown, N. Y.; Dr. S. Hart Wright, from Lake Helen, Fla., to Penn Yan, N. Y. 80 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE Reports of Natural History Society pro- ceedings especially desired. A. N. Prentis, Professor of Botany in Cornell University, has sailed for Europe, to carry on the advanced study of his specialty. Corrections: In No. 11, page 67, right hand column, r5¢/ line from bottom read wzass for moss. Same number, under New Localities, the word States in report of Carychium exiguum, should be Sade. The Humboldt Natural History and Arche- logical Society was organized and incorporated April 16th last, at Eureka, Cala., with the following board of directors and officers: T. B. Brown, President; T. F. Cornan, Secretary; Prof. E. H. Whipple, R. B. Powell, Robert Gunthur.—West American Scientist (May). A SUGGESTION TO OUR YOUNG FRIENDS. BY ADAM LOOFBET. Every student, especially the young begin- ner, should have an aquarium. This need not be an expensive affair. A large glass jar such as is used by confectioners is very well suited to this purpose. Any deep dish or wide- mouth bottle will answer, but glass is much preferable as it enables observations to be taken on all sides, as with many of our Mollusca,the foot is the most striking characteristic of the animal. To prepare your aquarium, cover the bottom about an inch deep with clean sand and gravel and fill with clear water. If for fresh-water specimens, get your supply from a brook or pond, as it contains minute particles upon which the animal feeds. Allow about fifteen shells of average size to each quart of water. Keep your aquarium in a shady place but not in a close room. Tt will probably not be necessary to change the water as any impurities will be devoured as rapidly as formed. \ PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. On Some Marine Invertebrata, dredged or otherwise collected by Dr. G. M. Dawson in 1885, on the coast of British Columbia; with a Supplementary List of a few Land and Fresh-water Shells, Fishes, Birds, etc., from the same region, by J. F. Whiteaves, F. G.S.—From the Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Vol. IV, Sec. 4, 1886.” This valuable contribution to Science by Prof. J. F. Whiteaves, who has worked so nobly in the British North American field, comes none too soon, and adds materially to our knowledge of the Natural History of 3ritish Columbia. Annual Report of the Trustees and List of Members of The American Museum of Natural History, New York City, for the year 1886-7. Received from A. Woodward, Librarian, to whom we are indebted for many valued favors. We thankfully acknowledge the receipt of the following publications: The Canadian Entomologist, Port Hope, Canada.—The West American Scientist, San Diego, Cala.—The Microscopical Bulletin and Philadelphia.—The Open Court, Chicago, III. —Common Sense, Mexico, N. Y.—The Ex- | changers’ Monthly, Jersey City, N. J.—The Eclipse, Pittsburgh, Pa—The Young Geolo- gist, Oskaloosa, Ia.—The Blade, Mendota, Tlls.—The Shelbyville Star, Shelbyville, N1.— National Educator, Allentown, Pa,—The En- terprise, Towson, Md. Too LATE FOR CLASSIFICATION. OFFERED:—Fine specimens of Helix Traski, Newc. in exchange for any North American Helices not in my collection. G.W.MICHAEL, Jr., Morro, S. L., Obispo, Co. Cala. Science News, — THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE co a) NEW LOCALITIES. Editor Conchologists’ Exchange : Sir: I wish to report Zozites intertextus, Binney, as being found sparingly in this (Han- cock) County, and Pleurocera neglectum, An- thony, from the ‘Tippecanoe River, Koscinsco County; both in Indiana. Both localities, I believe, to be new. GEORGE W. PUTERBAUGH, March 26, 1887. Greenfield, Ind. Editor Conchologists’ Exchange: Sir: A new locality for Unio papyracea. Gould, is Lake Ashby, Volusia Co., Florida, This paper-like shell is very rare, and only a few specimens were secured. ‘The original station, I think, Mr. Gould does not give. S. HART WRIGHT, June 7, 1887. Penn Yan, N: Y. 4 NECROLOGY Thomas Moore, English botanist, died January 1, 1887. Dr. Martin Websky, German scientist, died Nov. 27, 1886, aged 62 years. C. E. Broome, English mycologist, at Bath, England, November 15, 1886. William Willoughby Cole, Earl of Enniskil- len, noted for his splendid collection of fossil | fishes, died Noy. 12, 1886. June 4th in London, England, Henry Whit- | all, Professor of Astronomy at Belvidere Seminary, N. J., at the age of 75. Rev. Roswell Dwight Hitchcock, D. D., L. L. D., President of the Union Theological Seminary, died June 16, 1887, of peritonitis, aged 70 years. Rey. Mark Hopkins, D. D., L.L. D., Ex- President of Williams College, died suddenly at Williamstown, Mass., June 17, 1887. He a born at Stockbridge, Mass., February, 4, 1802. Current Comment. FROM OUR FRIENDS TESTIFYING TO THE VALUE OF “THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.”’ “Cannot afford to miss a single number.’” * * Now that your paper is assuming such proportions, not only in size but in the articles pub- lished, I cannot afford to miss a single number, nora single item. John Walton, Rochester, N. Y. “Much interested.”’ * * I do not wish to lose a copy, for I am much interested in the Paper. E. J. Smith, Natick, Mass. “Solid and valuable.”’ * * Allow me to congratulate you on the present number of ‘The Conchologists’ Exchange.”’ It is a solid, valuable number. Chas. T. Simpson, May 4, 1887. Ogalalla, Neb. “Very valuable.’ I acknowledge receipt of Nos. 5 and 6 of a very val- uable publication styled ‘“‘The Conchologists’ Ex- change,’’ the perusal of which has proved so interesting to mre that I should like to possess all the numbers from the beginning, and to become a regular subscriber for the future. Henry Vendryes, Kingston, Jamaica, ‘“‘Worth the money.”’ Enclosed please find my subscription for ‘“The Con- chologists’ Exchange.’”’ I think it worth the money. J. W. Velie, M. D., Academy of Sciences, Chicago, Ill. “Tt will prove of much benefit to conchologists.”’ Iam much pleased with the appearance of your paper and I think it will prove of much benefit to con- chologists. George W. Michael, Jr., Morro, Cal, “Quite efficacious.” Your ‘‘Conchologists’ Exchange’’ is proving quite efficacious. I have already made several exchanges and have received many letters from persons all over the United States, asking for shells. I would not be surprised if you had struck on a plan that would even- tually be of much benefit to conchologists. Wm. A. Marsh, Aledo, Ills. “An admirable publication.’’ I return you my thanks for the specimen copies of “The Conchologists’ Exchange’’ which is an admirable publication. J. Matthew Jones, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 82 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS? + EXCHANGE “‘Promises to become a valuable publication.”’ Allow me to thank you for your kindness in sending to me the first numbers of ‘“The Conchologists’ Ex- change.”’ It promises to becomea valuable publication for persons interested in the Mollusca. Charles Prosser, Instructor, Ithaca, N. Y. Cornell University. “‘A perpetual surprise.’” The little exchange notice you inserted for me has | been the means of adding several hundred species to my cabinet. ‘‘The Conchologists’ Exchange’’ is a perpetual surprise. I could not get along without it. I aim to put the sample copies you send where they will do good. George W. Puterbaugh, Greenfield, Ind. “‘Convenient.’” I like your convenient ‘‘Conchologists’ Exchange’’ very much. Enclosed please find subscription com- mencing with Vol. I. Wm. Sutton, San Francisco, Cal. ‘“‘Wants an enlargement.”’ The collectors will soon demand an enlargement of your convenient publication. H. A. Pilsbry, Sept. 23, 1886. Davenport Acad. of Sciences, Iowa. [They have it.—Ep. May, 1887.] “‘We have'needed just such a paper.”’ I have just returned home and found your bright little ““Exchange’”’ awaiting me. We have needed just such a paper J. A. Singley, Giddings, Tex. [The above are a few extracts from several score of similar letters, showing the esteem in which we are held. We wish to increase our subscription list very largely and would thank our subscribers to see that all their friends subscribe as well, and would again invite their attention to our premium list upon another page.—Eb. ] OUR PREMIUM LIST. A CHANCE FOR WORKERS KEEN AND BRIGHT. Send $1.75 and the names of 5 subscribers, and we will forward to the originator of the club, one copy of Dr. Hays’ “Descriptions of the Inferior Maxillary Bones of Mastodons,” 29 plates; or, in lieu thereof, 50 cents’ worth of shells at List prices. Prof. J. E. Kingsley’s ‘Naturalists’ Assist-_ ant,’’ 228 pages, will be sent post-paid for $5.25 and the names of 15 subscribers. Woodward’s ‘Manual of the Mollusca,’’ 1880 edition, will be sent free for $10.50 and the names of 30 subscribers. 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Note.—Parties desiring to secure the bene- fits of the above truly liberal offers, must not keep the names of subscribers together with the subscriptions, until they have completed their list, but should send them soon as received | and we will keep an exact account of them. SPECIAL NOTICE. Wewill esteem it a favor if all those who are raising Clubs at the former price of 35 cents, will send us their addresses. The Premium List and the prices there mentioned will be held open until Sept. 15, 1887, so that those who intend to subscribe may find it to their advant- age to form Clubs of five or more, as single subscriptions to Volume II. will not be taken at less than the new rate of 50 cents. A fine chance for an active worker. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE CORRESPONDENCE. Editor Conchologists’ Exchange: Sir: In Vryon’s Manual, First Series, Vol. III, page 109, Mr. Tryon statesthat AZelongena | Susiformis, Blainy. is apparently very closely | related to Cuma Kiosguiformis, Ducl., but that the operculum according to D’Orbigny | is not purpuroid. He says that the resem- blance conchclogically is much nearer Cuma than either JMelongena or Siphonalia and that he cannot help thinking that the great French naturalist was mistaken as to the oper- culum. I recently received three specimens of this shell from Panama, two of which con- tained the dried animal and the operculum in position. Itis not purpuroid, but, like that of Melongena coronis,is solid and claw-like, with an apical nucleus, and might be mistaken for | that of the above shell only that it is smaller and a little heavier. Ithink this will settle it, that A/elongena fusiformits is a proper JZe/- ongena. In my specimens I can trace some of the characters of the genus,a somewhat pyriform body-whorl, tuberculate shoulder, and there are resemblances in the aperture. CHAs. T. SIMPSON, May 4, 1887. Ogalalla, Neb. - Exchange Column. Terms to NON-SUBSCRIBERS, which must be | cash with order, are as follows: Exchanges of 20 words, including address, ro cents ; for each additional 10 words the charge will be 5 cents. be inserted for less than ro cents. No exchange will Each subscriber to Volume IT,will have the privilege of inserting three (3) /rvee exchanges of twenty-five (25) words each, zzcluding address. his rule is made to include those who have already subscribed in good faith at the old rate, 35 cents, or those who have received ‘‘New.Subscription’’ blanks and are engaged in soliciting subscriptions at the former price. WANTED :—American correspondents interested in the study of the genusPupa (including Pupilla, Vertigo, etc.), of the U.S. Duplicates and other shells for ex- change. V. STERKI, M. D., New Philadelphia, O. Mention this paper. Cylas dentata, Terebra dislocata, Sigaretus perspec- tivus, Sphzrium securis and striatinum, Zonites sup- pressa, Helix fallax and many others to exchange for Land and Fresh-water shells. A. K. FAIRCHILD, Whippany, N. J. OFFERED:—Ynsatella Americana, Petricola_ phol- adiformis, Angulus tener, Say; Macoma fragilis, Ad.; Tottenia gemma, Tot.; Modiola plicatula, Urosalpinx cinerea, Say; Rissoa minuta, Purpura lapillus, Nassa trivittata, Lunatia heros, Melampus bidentatus, Unio nasutus, U. complanatus, Spherium rhomboideum, Say; S. partumerium, Succinea Totteniana, Lea; S. ovalis, Gould; Littorina, Odostomia, &c., for other shells. EDWARD W. ROPER, Revere, Mass. OFFERED:—American Journal of Conchology,seven vols. neatly bound, in exchange for shells. A large fresh lot of Uniones, nasutus, complanatus and luteolus: also, a few Melantho decisa, all in excel- lent condition, to exchange for other fresh-water shells of the South and West. JOHN WALTON, 77 Arcade, Rochester, N. Y. OFFERED:— Tellina radiata, Paludina integra, Strombus gigas,Modiola plicatula, Mytilus edulis,Crep- idula unguiformis, Lzevicardium serratum, Columbella mercatoria, Limnza elodes, for land and fresh-water shells. WM. H. WEEKS, Jr., 508 Willoughby Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. OFFERED :—Minnesota and marine shells for anes shells and minerals. Send lists. JOHN M. HOLZ- INGER, State Normal School. Winona, Minn. TERTIARY and other fossils from Southern States and Europe; 50 species of Birds’ Eggs, and roo pounds of Minerals consisting of Amethyst on Agate; Agate rough and polished: Pyromorphite: Native Copper Zine blende: Galena: rare Iron Ores, &c., &c., for strictly fine and correctly named Mollusca from South and Central America, Asia, Africa, and Australia. WANTED:—First 3 vol. Lea’s Obs. Genus; Unio. Say’s American Conchology: Gould’s Invertebrata of Mass: Kiener’s plates of Shells: Carpenter’s works: Tryon’s Monog. Terr, Moll. of U. S., Sowerby’s Conch. Manual and Plates for offers in works on Con- chology. Address,W. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill . Phila. OFFERS requested in exchange for many of the smaller mollusks of the waters south of Hatteras. W. H. RUSH, M.D., 1308 Green St., Philadelphia, Pa. Ol sysue ay Geological and Archeological Specimens and Scien- tific Books. Corals from the falls of the Ohio, a spec- ialty. Can furnish from a single specimen to one hundred thousand. Correspondence with advanced collectors solicited. Best of reference given and satis- faction guaranteed or money refunded. * PROF. G. K. GREENE, NEW ALBANY, IND 12-3 84 THE « CONCHOLOGISTS’: COLLECTIONS OF s 5 ¢ SHELLS NAMED. 2 EXCHANGE WE HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE NAMING OF SHELLS AY QE BOW “PRICE OR 10: CENT Sa SPECTES, THIS DOES NOT INCLUDE TRANSPOK TATION WHICH MUST. IN. ALL CASESVBE Pam BY SENDER. ADDRESS The Conchologists’ Exchange, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Fossil Ferns. A large variety of very fine Fossil Ferns from Mazon Creek, Grundy Co., Ills., properly named, for sale cheap, or would exchange for choice Marine Shells. J. C. CARR, Grundy County National Bank, 12-3 Morris, Il. Tho West American Scientist. This Journal, establised in 1884, begins a new volume as a 24-page illustrated monthly magazine of POPULAR SCIENCE A feature consists of articles on topography and natural history of Upper and Lower California. | Eminent Scientists are contributors. Price $1.00 per year, 10 cents a copy. Send 25 cents fora 4 months’ trial sub- scription, Agents wanted. C. R. ORCUTT, Epritor, San Diego. Cal. Kormpamy Mermaid Lane Chestnut Hill DO YOU WANT SPECIMENS ? Shark’s Egg . 5c | Chinese Chop-Sticks . 12¢ Star Fish . . 5c WS (Gans oom: o Ge Sea Urchin . 5c | 5 Fine minerals. . . 15c 200 Sea Shells, small but good 15c; or COMMON SENSE a large 12-column paper devoted to collec- tors, a whole year, with any one of the above, for 25 cents. 4,000 copies each issue now. Large exchange column free to subscribers. Send at once. F. A. THOMAS, Mexico, N. Y. es sat NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF “Random Notes on Natural History,” coprtaining Mr. H. F. Car- penter’s article on ‘‘The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,” for which good prices will be paid. The Concho. Ex, Chest. Hill, Phila. Che Conchologists Exchange. COPYRIGHT SECURED Reed Won, If. Que 11) & No. 1! A Publication Designed for Conchologists and Screntists generally. ISSUED MONTHLY BY Wil) Do AVERELE, Epvitor ano Pus tisHer. 4t@> Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all. Matters for publication must be received by the tenth of each month. TERMS Subscription, Volume IT. =r = Single copies five cents each. Remittance should be sent by Money Order, Postal Note, or by Registered letter. Unused United States Postage Stamps will be received in any amount in pay- ment of bills. Address all correspondence to WM. D. AVERELL, Editor and Publisher, Chestnut Hill. 50 cents Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A. ADVERTISING RATES. One inch, displayed, 1 month ............. -—£ 50 One inch, displayed, 3 months ............... I 00 One-half column, displayed, 1 month ...... 2 00 One-half column, displayed, 3 months...... 4 00 One column, displayed, 1 month ............ 4 00 One column, displayed, 3 months............ 8 00 Entered at the’ Post-office at Philadelphia, Pa., as second-class matter. SUBSCRIPTIONS TO VOLUME II ARE NOW DUE. FOR EXPIRATION OF SUBSCRIPTION SEEK DATE ON WRAPPER. J 5 it is our intention to improve “The Conchologists’ Exchange” by every means in our power, we present the first number of Volume II in the confident hope that it will meet with the approval of all its readers. In addition to the highly instruc- tive articles by Mr. C. F. Ancey, Mr. H. F. Carpenter and Mr. Wm. A. Marsh, (who, by the way, is seriously thinking of writing a his- tory of the Mollusca of the entire state of Mli- CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., JULY, 1887. nois after the completion of his present article) ; we print in this issue an enthusiastic letter from Professor W. H. Dall and a-needed rebuke from the pen of Mr. Chas. H. Simpson, to that class of conchologists who unrighteously be- lieve in receiving exchanges with the intention of never repaying them. Our “ Young Collec- tors’ Corner’’ has been enriched by an original article from the pen of Mr. John Ford upon “The Helices of Fairmount Park,Philadelphia; and the author promises to supplement this, in the next number, by describing other genera found there. Mr George W. Michael, Jr., also contributes some useful hints upon collecting Chitons. Some of our readers may think that the handsome “ Premium List’? published in another column is too liberal to be true. If those who think so, will please send us the names desired and the subscription price, we will speedily convince them that these offers are bona fide in every sense. CoNCHOLOGY is far more popular abroad than it is in America. Why is this so? Simply because of the lack of a cheap medium for the instruction of students. ‘* The Conchologists’ Exchange”’ supplies a long felt want in this field and you and your friends should encour- age it. THE duties of conchologists are three-fold. Ist: They should actively study the subject, have a collection and improve it. 2nd: They should support “The Conchologists’ Exchange,’’ their own paper; and recommend it to others. 3rd: They should enroll their names in a re- cognized scientists’ directory and thus place themselves in communication with the rest of the world. A FEW kindly, encouraging words to the young naturalist will do him a world of good. A curt refusal, a hasty, unwise criticism of his work may drive him to pursuits which will ruin ~ his soul and cause you years of regret. tN THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE ISLAND. BY HORACE F. CARPENTER. Chapter XX XVII. 186. Planorbis (Gyraulus) parvus, Say. Synonyms: Helix parvus, Eaton, 1826,; Plan- orbis concavus, Anthony. Shell small, discoida), color from yellowish horn and greenish to black, both sides concave and equally exhibiting the volutions ; whorls four; aperture rounded; lip rounded and sharp, bluish white within. Diameter one- fifth of an inch, thickness one-fifteenth. It is also found fossilized in the Post-pleiocene of the Ottawa Valley. It is quoted as beinz found abundantly everywhere, but is seems to | be quite local in Rhode Island, the only local- ity where it is found abundantly being Cun- liff’s Pond, at Elmville, about three miles south of Providence. Before leaving the genus, I wish to call at- tention to a new shell found by me fifteen years ago in a small pool near Hammond’s pond, in Pawtucket. It is a Planorbis, but differs from any species heretofore described in any work on American Conchology. Only one specimen exists at present. and that one is in my collection, and has been examined by several conchologists who pronounce it very curious and never seen before by them. If other specimens are discovered in the future and described as new, I wish to announce that it was first described by me at a meeting of the ‘Providence Franklin Society”’ Tuesday evening, February 27, 1871, and the | printed description appeared in the “Central Falls Visitor,’ the Vriday following. ‘The new species. was dedicated to my friend, Mr. E. Henry Jenks, of Valley Falls, with whom I have had the pleasure of exploring little Rhody’s woods and streams for many years. 187. Planorbis Jenksii, H. F. Car- penter. Shell small, of a transparent horn color, minutely wrinkled by the lines of growth; whorls three, separated by a well defined su- ture; carinated on both sides and having a | miniature resemblence to P. dzcarinatus, spire nearly flat; apex sunken a trifle; under side forming a broad, shallow umbilicus; aperture constricted, the length from top to bottom be- ing twice the distance as that from side to side; lip thickened and slightly reflected, white within. This is the smallest Planorbis yet discov- ered in the United States. Its size in fractional parts of an inch is as follows: Longest diam- eter, 8-100; shorter diameter, 7-100; diameter of aperture, 4-100 by 2-100. GENUS SHGMENTINA. Fleming, 1830. Synonyms. Segmentaria, Swainson, 1840; Discus, Haldeman, 1840. The species of Segmentina inhabit Europe, Asia and Australia. ‘The two species inhabit- ing the United States belong to the sub-genus Planorbula, Hald.; they are Segmentina., (Plan- orbula), Wheatleyi, a southern species, and | 183. Segmentina (Planorbula), ar- migera, Say. Shell varied in color from light horn to regular, slightly concave, showing four vol- utions ; under side deeply concave, the whorls carinated and bearing several raised revoly- ing lines; aperture oblique, inclining to the left; lip in light colored specimens dark brown or black at the edge (our Rhode Island specimens are generally black as coal all over) ; within the aperture are five teeth, two on the pillar lip, one near the anterior lip, o12e on the side of the labium, and two on the upper por- tion of the outer lip. Diameter one-fourth of an inch, thickness one-tenth. ‘This is a very simple and plain-looking shell externally, but its remarkable characteristic is the armature of black, in some localities nearly white; spire — TEES CONCHOLOGISTS’ the mouth. The teeth which nearly close the aperture are situated far within and need a hand microscope to distinguish them, but by breaking off a portion of the lip they may be examined with ease. They are found abun- dantly in stagnant ponds, ditches, &c., where- ever there is decaying vegetable matter. I have often picked from a dozen to twenty on a single oak leaf and sometimes thirty to forty from a stone as large as my fist. Inhabits New England, Middle and Western States. SUB-FAMILY ANCYLIN:. This sub-family contains three genera, An- cylus, Latia and Gundlachia. Latia inhabits New Zealand. Gundlachia has five species, two of which inhabit the United States; one is found in California, and one in the District of Columbia. Ancylus has about fifty spe- cies, twenty of which inhabit the United States, and two make their homes in Rhode Island. 139. Ancylus fuscus, Adams. Shell small, thin and pellucid when the epi- dermis is removed, oval, the entire outline regularly curved; apex elevated a little and turned to the right and rear of the centre. It is distinguished from all other species of An- cylus by its epidermis, which is brown, rough and course, projecting beyond the margin of the shell and extended in a plane with the object to which it may be attached, and thus appears to turn upward like the brim of an old slouch hat. Its length is 3-10, breadth 1-8, height 1-20 ofan inch. Within it is polished and shining. It was discovered by Mr. Kinne Prescott in a small rivulet in Andover, adhering to stones, and was described by Prof. Adams in the ‘Boston, Journ. Natural History,” III, 320, 1840, in the same year in Silliman’s Journal, XXXVIII, p. 396. Prof. Adams afterward found it at Mansfield, Mass. Dr. A. A.Gould, also found it at Fresh Pond, Cambridge, and it is quite common in R. J., in ponds and rivers, adhering to stones and to the empty valves of fresh-water clams. - EXCHANGE 3 140. Ancylus paralellus, Hald. Synonym; Ancylus rivularis,Gould,non. Say. In October, 1817, Say published a descrip- tion of Ancylus rivularis. Owing to the mea- greness of the description, and perhaps having never seen Say’s type, Dr. Gould in the Inver- tebrata of Mass., 1841, applied Say’s name to our New England species. In the Second Edition, edited by Mr. Wm. G. Binney, this error is rectified, and the proper name of par- alellus, substituted. The Ancylus rivularis of Say is not found in New England. Ancylus paralellus is not very common in R. I. A few may be obtained in the Blackstone and in the Ten Mile River on stones near the shore in several places. It is a small, narrow, elongated- oval shell, thin and delicate, of a greenish tint; apex nearly central, leaning a little to the nght and rear; sides nearly parallel, both ends rounded; length, 1-4; breadth, 1-10 inch. Suborder Thalassophila contains three fami- lies, Amphibolidze (spiral and operculate) Sip- honariidee and Gadiniidze, (conical and not op- erculate) no representatives of which are found in the U. S. CLASS 4, SCAPHOPODA. Shell a hollow cylinder open at both ends. A simple straight or curved tube without spire. Animal carnivorous, burrowing in sand or mud in salt water. This Class contains one family, Dentalide, several genera and about one hun dred species. They are called tooth shells and the type is the Dentalium elephantinum, Linn. The only species inhabiting the eastern coast of the U S. are the D. dentale and D. striola- tum, both New England species but only found north of Cape Cod. With this chapter I close the description of all the univalve shells of R. I. Four of the five Classes of Mollusca have been treated of in these pages and the remaining one, Pelecy- poda, will be the subject of the succeeding chapters on the “Shell Bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island.” To be continued. 4 THE « CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MERCER CoO., ILL. BY WILLIAM A. MARSH. (Continued. ) 4o.—Unio tubcrculates, Barnes. This species is found rather sparingly in the river and sloughs and very rarely in Pope, Ed- wards, and Henderson Creeks. It is very constant in its specific characters and is so un- like any other shell found here, that when once known it cannot be mistaken for any other. It is almost always covered with tuber- cles. The nacre is usually white, but occasion- ally one is found having a salmon colored nacre. In Southern waters it is found with pink and chocolate interior. It is sometimes beautifully rayed. In the river it is generally found in the gravel, while in the sloughs it is deeply imbedded in the mud or sand. In our creeks it is likely to be found in the iron ore beds, where it seems to be sluggish in its movements and is rarely found in motion. 41.—Unio trigonus, Lea. A solid, heavy, dark brown species, found rather abundantly in the river and adjacent | sloughs. When young it has beautiful green rays and a rather smooth epidermis, and then resembles so/zdus somewhat. It varies much in its nacre, some being white, others a rose color, while others still are pink or salmon. | The animal of ¢vzgorus is generally red, but I have often found it white. finest species and as found here is nearer Mr. [.ea’s types than any specimens I have ever seen from any other locality. It is a very much inflated very angular over the umbones, with very prominent growth lines. It is an active spe- cies and may be found in both deep and shal- low water, and does not seem to be critical about locality, occupying muddy locations as well as sandy or gravelly situations. . | { | | It is one of our | shell with massive, incurved beaks, | g2.— Unto lenussimus, Lea. This fragile but very interesting species is found rather sparingly in the Mississippi. It | seems to occur in both shallow and deep water, | often burying itself completely in the sand and gravel beds. It avoids very muddy bottoms ; and is never found in the sloughs or lakes. _ This species is smooth and wide and is usu- ally beautifully rayed. The young specimens are crenulated posteriorly which portion of the shell is as thin as paper. It need not be con- founded with any other shell except U. gra- cilis, oblique forms of which sometimes re- semble fenzzssinus. 43-— Unio undxslatus, Barnes. This common species is found very abun- dantly in all our small streams, but never in the river. It has a very wide geographical distribution, ranging from Western New York to Texas. It isa thick, heavy, solid species — | usually covered with from five to seven undu- lating folds or plications, and for this very fact it is the most common species in our creeks; as the coons, musk-rats and hogs cannot as easily | break its thick shell as they can the more fragile species. Many of our more fragile Unios | which were very abundant in our small streams | thirty years ago, are now extinct, having been | exterminated by the animals before mentioned, and the time is not far distant when nothing will be left but this robust shell. Ten or twelve years ago the collector who was not very critical about his specimens, had but to find the log where Mr. Coon took his meals on fresh-water clams, or the hole where the musk- rats went out of the water into the ereek-bank, to find many specimens of almost every species to be found in the stream. Many collectors consider undulatus and plicatus identical, but this is not likely to be the case, as I have this shell from all the Northern States, from New York to Iowa and from the states of Missouri, | Tennessee, Alabama, Arkansas and Texas,and its seems to maintain its integrity with very little variation throughout. I have specimens from Ohio and Indiana which approach very closely to U. mudtipiicatus but not to plicatus. The females of this species are much more in- THE . CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE 5 flated than the males. The two Southern forms, U. latecostatus and U. Eluotli seem to be closely allied but as the true zzdzlatus is found associated with them they are probably distinct. I have never found wdu/atus asso- ciated with plcatus. 44.— Unio ventricosus, Barnes. This species is very common in the Missis- | sippi River, and it is one of our most showy and handsome Unios, the green rayed varieties especially so. In respect to its rays and the color of. its interior it is extremely variable; the nacre of some being bluish white, in others it is a beautiful pink varying to pale rose color, while in others still it is pale salmon. This shell is often found without rays and it is then difficult to separate from cafax. It seems to bea very active species and is found in both deep and shallow water, in the muddy bottoms of the sloughs and lakes as well as in the sand and gravel beds of the river. It attains an im- mense size and becomes very tumid with age. The females are very much more inflated pos- teriorly than the males. 45.— Unio zig-zag, Lea. | sally. It is a ®very abundant species and is | found commonly in all our streams and sloughs. It attains an immense size in the river, being found there six inches in length | including its wing and from six to seven inches | wide. It is a very much depressed shell with | very small beaks and flattened umbones. Its | interior is usually white. The young speci- mens are very beautifully rayed and have a greenish brown epidermis and very prominent growth lines. Animal very active. Margaritana rugosa, Bares. 47- Shell rugosely plicate. It is found rather sparingly here, and in the creeks only, and at- tains an immense size. I have specimens from Pope Creek seven inches wide and four inches long. It has a dark brown epidermis, which in the young specimens is greenish, with beau- tiful green rays. Nacre usually white but often found of a salmon color. The teeth of the adult shell are very large, often trifid. It is very constant in its specific characters and has a very wide geographical distribution. Animal slow in its movements. To be Continued. This beautiful little shell is rather common | in the river and sloughs. As before stated it is the female of U7. donactformis. Mr. Lea’s types of donaciformis came from Tennessee. IT have it from the Cumberland River and it | This | agrees with the male form found here. A CATALOGUE OF THE BULIMI- NI FOUND IN CENTRAL little shell is usually covered with beautiful — green zig-zag rays. umbones. It is usually bluish white within, but is found sometimes with a pink nacre. of low water. -Sub-Genus Margaritana, Schu- macker. 46.—Margaritana complanata, Barnes. Shell slightly plicate and triangular in out- line, symphynote, and very much alated dor- The female is very much | inflated, very truncate, and has very angular | It is very active and is often found in consider- | able numbers in the course gravel and under | flat rocks near the margin of the river at times | eats _ ASIA. BY C. F, ANCEY, BERROUAGHIA, ALGERIA. The principal character of the molluscous | fauna of Central Asia, viz: Turkestan, Af- ghanistan, and Beluchistan, is the numerous species of Bulimini found there. A mono-_ graph of these has been published recently by myself in the “Bulletins de la Societe Mala- | cologique de France,”’ 1886. The following _ have been recorded in this monograph, a num- ber being new to science. Thibet is not in- cluded here. a THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE r. Group of B. candelaris. B. candelaris, Pfeiffer. Soliman Range. Group of cenopictus, Hutt. st) By ? Quettah. Afghanistan. iy 3. Group of B. intumescens, Mart. B. secalinus, v. Martens. dcha. B. intumescens, v. Mart. Samarkhand. B. intumescens, v. Fedtschenkoi, Ancey, Samarkhand. B. Haberhaueri, Dohrn. tan, Ferghana. Mts. Hasrat Sul- B. pullaster, v. Mart. (Ancey.) Valley of of the Batikty. 4. Group of retrodens, v. Mart. B. retrodens, v. Martens. Kulsdcha. *B. retrodens, v. Mart. var minor. Kulsdcha. B. aptychus, Ancey. Wjernoje. B. aptychus, var.——? Capusiana, Anc. Wijernoje. B. leucoptychus, Mts. (Ancey). Riv. Fek- kes and Naryn-kol. B. entodon, Mart. a-tau range. Wjernoje, near the Al- 5. Group of dissimilis. B. dissimilis, Martens. 6. Group of Sogdianus. B. Sogdianus, v. Mart. Arassan-bulak. Samarkhand. *B. Sogdianus, v. persicus., Parr. Schiraz, South-eastern Persia. B, Oxianus Mart, Khiwa, Khorassan, Ghilan (?). B. Bonvallotianus, Ancey. markhand. From the latter locality I have just received this shell under the erroneous name of Sogdia- nus, var. major. It is quite distinct in color, texture, peristome, number of whorls, broadly reflected peristome. I have a variety, major, and a variety, gracilis, of this shell, and all preserve their charactcrs with great uniformity. B. Potaninianus, Anc. Turkestan. B. Kuldschanus, Mouss, Kuldscha. * B. coniculus, Mart. Kuldscha. B. Sindicus, Bens, Afghanistan. Khokand, Sa- * B. miser, Mart—Mounts Altai, Semipal- atinsk, etc. * B. Martensianus, Anc. Mart, non Bens.) (segregatus, v. minor, Mountains near Taschkent and Schachimardan. * B. eremita, Bens.—Afghanistan, Samar- | khand. Wjernoje, Kuls- | I have received from the neighborhood of Samarkhand some very fine shells I cannot re- frain from uniting with this species, still they differ in colour having a shining surface,nearly uniform somewhat bluish-gray colour faintly variegated on the upper whorls, with corneous apex and pale chestnut aperture becoming lighter towards the peristome. The above form should be named var. hepatica, Anc., long, 18%-20; diam. 8-8'%4; length of aper- ture, 6-61%4 mill.) Whorls, 7-7%. A very fine variety of the same form also occurred, being of a more oval shape and larger, (long, 24; diam. 10; length of aperture, 8; breadth of aperture, 5% mill.) It might be called var. procera on account of its large size. The colour is the same as in the preceding one. It has 7% whorls.—Samarkhand. *B. Khokandensis, Anc. (eremita var., Mart.). Khokand. B. Kuschakewitzi, Anc. estan. Khokand. B. Kuschakewitzi, var candisata, Anc.South- ern Turkestan. B. Ufjalvyanus, Anc.—Turkestan. B. albiplicatus. Anc.—Taschkent, Schachi. B. Przevalski, Anc. Taschkent, Ferghand. B. Herzensteini, Anc, Turkestan. B. Herzensteini, var pellucens, Anc.— Turkestan. B. labiellus, v. Mart—Mounts Tarbagatai. B. labiellus, var. minor, Anc., Eastern Tur- kestan. *B. Asiaticus, Mouss., Kuldscha. B. Asiaticus, var? cylindrocouns, Anc., Kuld- scha. B. Asiaticus, var ? scha. *B. Asiaticus, var? Vamberyi, Anc. Kuld- scha. B. subobscurus, Anc.—Daraty—bulak. B. Griffithi, Benson.— Afghanistan. Southern Turk- Regeliana, Anc. Kuld- THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE 7 GENUS MASTUS. M. chion, Pfr. Soliman Range. *M. polygyratus, Pfr.—Bender—Abbas. M. pullus, Gray.—A fghanistan. The above has been referred by me to Gen. Runina; altogether I think now Mastus is sufficiently distinct from the former in being always smaller and never truncate. *The species marked with an asterisk are not rep- resented in my collection and I should be much obliged to anybody who should be able to send them to me for examination or exchange as well as any new species from that country. In the lot I have alluded to, were speci- mens of a Helix, new for Samarkhand and Central Asia, viz. H. Dschulfensis, Dubois, and also Patula ruderata var., angulosa,Mouss. (The latter is perhaps, the same as Patula rud- erata var, opulens, Westerlund, which is itself very close to the Japanese P. pauper, Gould.) Young Collectors’ Corner. HELICES IN FAIRMOUNT PARK. PHILADELPHIA. BY JOHN FORD, PHILADELPHIA, PA. As some account of the Helices in Fair- mount Park may prove interesting to your younger readers, I take the liberty of sending this article. There are about ten prominent species inside of the Park limits. These are as follows:—AH. albolabris, H. alternata, H. arborea, H. bucculenta, HH, concava, H. hir- suta, Hl. izera, H. minuta, H. tridentata and ff, suffusus. Your at least of this number are strictly localized; viz.. . albolabris, HH. con- cava, H. minuta and 1, suffusus. The others may be found at various points in the Park; their distribution depending chiefly upon the character of the vegetation. Some species affect the bushy hillsides, some the woods, and others the open meadows and damp places, but in almost every case they prefer the under sides of logs and stones ex- cept at feeding times when they may be seen browsing upon the leaves of adjacent shrub- bery. So far, I have found %. adolabris in but one place which is at the angle formed by the Richmond branch of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, and the north-west corner of Laurel Hill near the end of the bridge. Unfortunately there are not many to be seen at the present time as the blasting for the new River Road destroyed most of the Ailanthus bushes upon which they chiefly fed. Only a short time before the rocks were removed I took over 200 specimens from a space less than 50 feet square. A number of these were cap- tured upon the Ailanthus bushes in the act of eating the foul-smelling leaves, a fact which seems to prove that no plant is too offensive to be used as food by some animal. Very many of these specimens were in perfect condition ; as may be learned from the sample in the Phila- delphia collection on the second floor of the Academy of Natural Sciences. The writer was the probable discoverer of this colony, which is is safe to say has never been equalled in thit region either in number or in perfection of form and color. Nearly opposite to this locality, on the west side of the Schuylkill just south of the bridge crossing the old carriage road, very many /7. ligera and Hf. alternata may be found. Here the conditions are much the same as were those already described ; large stones being scattered about and many Ailanthus bushes growing be- tween. But strange to say not a single speci- men (so far as I know), of #. albolabris, has ever been seen in the vicinity; and what is quite as singular, no representatives of the spe- cies so plentiful here, have been found with the //. abolabris just over the river. 8 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE On the eastern embankment of the Phila- delphia and Reading Railroad, about 200 yards below Belmont Landing, the remains of an old spring house may be seen with the water still bubbling up among its ruins,across which rests the trunk of a fast decaying tulip poplar. Here among the stones and scoria deposited by the railroad company, flourish large numbers of //. ligera, H. alternata, H.buccutenta and A. hir- swta with occasionally a lone specimen of £7. szs/f- asus. By digging a few inches into the scoria immediately south of the western end of the ruins, the careful hunter may also find some eood #7. concava, a species which is, doubtless, quite rare in the Park; this being the only place in which the writer has found it. On the north side of the ruins, just under the leaves, I se- cured one day last November, more than a score of the finest 4/7. dmceulenta that I have seen anywhere. ‘It should be remembered, however, that the beauty and perfection of this and of most other species depend as much upon certain phases of the weather, as upon the prevalence of suit- able food. A dry season not only retards the srowth of the animal but often causes an ero- sion of the shell which makes it unfit for cab- inet purposes. Nevertheless some good speci- mens may be collected here at any time be- tween April and October. Still further south, along the embankment, a few specimens of //, trzdentafa may be secured by searching under the old rail-road ties seat- tered about. At this point also, a few A. ar- éorea may be obtained, though these have always been more plentiful among the old logs fronting Landsdowne Mansion. Here, in De- cember, 1885, I found a colony literally en- cased in the ice which filled a small crevice in a log; and I was not a little surprised after melting them out, to find the tiny fellows as lively as though they had experienced no un- usual hardship. As already stated several of the species referred to, occur in various other parts of the Park, especially upon the hill-sides bordering the Wissahickon Creek and about the wooded flats between the stream and car- riage way just east of Ridge Avenue. They are, however, far less abundant than in the localities specially mentioned. f/. minuta, the only species that remains to be noticed, is probably,in this region the rarest of them all. I have never found it here except at a point near the Connecting Railroad, one- third of a mile above Columbia avenue. About 50 specimens were secured on that occasion, all taken from the bottom of an old “tie” which laid in a wet, grassy meadow. The shell, as its name implies, is very small, but its recurved bell-like lip, and pearly lustre make it an object easily observed. Two days later I visited the locality again but the ‘tie’’ as well its fellows had been changed to ashes and smoke. ON COLLECTING AND PRESERV- ING CHITONS. RY GEO. W. MICHAEL, JR., MORRO, CALA, N the May numberof the ‘Conchologists’ Exchange” I note Prof. Keep’s directions for preserving Chitons. IT have had much experience with Chitons,and find it is awkward — while collecting to carry along boards and candle wicking and tie down every specimen as you find it, for if you collect two specimens at a time, one will curl up while you are tying the other. I carry along a ean with a tight lid. Tusea gallon milk can. As fast as I find the Chitons I drop them into the can which I keep filled with sea water. If they curl up they soon open and attach themselves to the can and will remain there until you reach home or camp, when you can remove them at your leisure and tie them down to boards. For this I use narrow strips of ‘cot- ton rag, which I find better than candle wicking. On my last trip I had 50 or 60 Chitons in the can, and nearly every one was in fine condition on the following morning, after being driven over ten miles of rough roads. h THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ - VALVES. One of the associate editors of ** Conchologia Ceestrica,’’ is dead in the person of the vener- able Dr. Ezra Michener. We should be pleased to correspond with any collector having original information re- specting “Pearls,” their crowth, size and modes of collection. The Conchological Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences contains 45,184 trays and written tablets and 165.858 specimens. (Report of the Conchological Section for 1886.) We know of nothing more beautifui to the and instructive to the mind than a cabinet eye of shells. They should be carefully selected, neatly arranged and proudly shown to all comers. Whitfield contributes two valuable articles to the ‘“ Bulletin of the Mu- seum of Natural History,’’ of interest to con- chologists, viz: ‘Description of Lymnza ( Bulimnzea) megasoma,Say, with an account of Proffessor R. P. EXCHANGE 9 “The Collectors’ Association of Mt. Pulaski, Illinois,” which was organized June 19, 1887, is intended for collectors in all branches of Natural History, Philately and Numismatics, living in Mt. Pulaski and vicinity. The fol- lowing officers were elected at the first meeting: O. H. Phinney, President. M. F. Laushbaugh, Vice-President; O. L. Rankin, Secretary; V. P. Pumpelly, Librarian; T. R. Laushbaugh, Treasurer. We wish the Association all the success imayinable and trust they will soon be | able to possess a library and collection of their changes produced in the offspring by unfavor- | able conditions of life; and “ Notice of a new Cephalapod from the Niagara rocks of In- diana.” Upon a recent visit to Dr. W. H. Rush, of Philadelphia,we were much interested in some water-colors of shells in his collection. We have good reason to conclude from the abundant in- formation at the Doctor’s command that a work upon the Mollusca of the Atlantic coast of the United States would be very acceptable to sci- ence,and the Doctor is welcome to the sugges- tion. Dr. W. H. Rush, of Philadelphia, kindly informs us that Volta Couldiana was found in from 150 to 200 fathoms, 7 miles South-by- East of Fowey Rock Light, Florida. But three specimens were found. One of these is in the cabinet of the National Museum, at Washington, one in the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., and one in Dr. Rush’s collection, where we had the pleasure of seeing it upon a recent inspection | of the Doctor’s fine cabinet. own. Societies for the intelligent study of Science should be universally encouraged and we hope the example of ‘‘The Collectors’ As- sociation” will be extensively followed. CORRESPONDENCE. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D. C., June 29, 1887. Editor Conchologists’ Exchange : Sir: Enclosed please find subscription to your little paper, for which I hope all prosper- aaa ity and progress. I may add as an item of news not without some interest, that the rare ARtra Fergusont of Sowerby, described and quoted as from * Panama’”’ (where it was probably purchased), has been found upon the Swan Islands, be- tween Cuba and Honduras, in the Caribbean Sea, by a recent collector of the National Museum. Conzmitra, Conrad, described as a fossil, is found living in the Antilles at con- siderable depths. The coloration of the new species recalls that of Aleta cedonulli. Mesor- Ayévs is another form from the same region until lately only known in a fossil state, while the discovery of Amzuszam Mortoni in the Gulf of Mexico, living, by the Fish Commis- sion, is another fact of the same sort. s0 species of Tertiary and other Fossils from Southern States and Europe, Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca 75 edition: Leidy’s Memoir of the Ex- tinct Sloth Tribe, N. A.; Lea’s Syn. of Family of Nai- ades, ’52 edtn: Hays’ Descrip. Inf. Max’y Bones of Mastodon’s, 1o plates: Agassiz & Gould’s Cain: Phy- siology: Bohn’s edt’n: Coultas, Prin. Botany, Cryp- togamia: lLea’s on a Fossil Saurian of the New ed Sandstone Formt’n; Lesquereux’s Cretacceus Flora,s5o plates, Smith’n Mis. Col. Vol. 4, Neuroptera, Vol. 6 Diptera and Coleoptera, 3 pp out, uncut, or any of the shells on my Price Lists which I may have in duplicate. Parties not having any of the shells wanted above, need not apply. W. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Phila. . 12 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE Offered.—Fine specimens marine and land shells for perfect echinoderms. Land and fresh-water shells from the South and Southwest for reptiles in alcohol, D.W.FERGUSON, 138 Wilson Street, Brooklyn, N.Y. Offered.—Unio Leibii, Lea, and 75 other-species of N. Amer. land and fresh-water shells, Collectors please send lists and receive mine. JEROME TROMBLY, Petersburgh, Mich Wanted.—American correspondents interested in the study of the genus Pupa (including Pupilla, Vertigo, etc.), of the U.S. Duplicates and other shells for ex- change. V. STERKI, M. D., New Philadelphia, O. Offered.—Nassa vibex; Oliva literata, reticularis; Columbella mercatoria; Cypraea caput-serpentis, erosa, helova, lynx, moneta; Nerita tessellata, peleronta ; Fissurella| Barbadensis; Donax variabilis; Dosina discus; Cardium magnum. Wanted.—Shells and works on Conchology, JOHN B. WHEELER, East Templeton, Mass. Cyclas dentata, Terebra dislocata, Sigaretus perspec- tivus, Sphzerium securis and striatinum, Zonites sup pressa, Helix fallax and many others to exchange for Land and Fresh-water shells. A. K. FAIRCHILD, Whippany, N. J. Offered: —15 species Unios including Aberti, purpuratus, Schoolcraftii, and subrostratus, 5 species Anodonta. Fossil Oyster Shells Satisfaction guar- anteed. Send list. FRANK J. FORD, Wichita, Kans. Marine Algew, Shells, Sea Curiosities, (all correctly named), for Alga, Shells, or Bird’s Eggs. All letters answered, S. R: MORSE, Atlantic City, N. J. Wanted :—Correspondence on Natural and Mental Science. For Exchange—‘‘ Livingstone’s Travels’’ and other good works for books. J. B. NICHOLS, Cazen- ovia, N. Y. L. S. Fossils fora good Phacops Trilobite, Steele’s Geology, Minerals or Ind. Relics of Slate or Copper. W.H. BEAN, Lebanon, O. _150—1st. class side-blown Birds’ Eggs to exchange for Coins, Stamps, fine specimens of Indian Arrow-heads and Minerals —WILLIS P. ARNOLD, Shannock, RI Offered: — Ensatella Americana, Petricola phol- adiformis, Angulus_ tener, Say; Macoma fragilis, Ad.; Tottenia gemma, Tot.; Modiola plicatula, Urosalpinx cinerea, Say; Rissoa minuta, Purpura lapillus, Nassa trivittata, Lunatia heros, Melampus bidentatus, Unio nasutus, U. complanatus, Sphzrium rhomboideum, Say; S. partumerium, Succinea Totteniana, Lea; S. ovalis, Gould; Littorina, Odostomia, &c., for other shells. EDWARD W. ROPER, Revere, Mass | | specimens for Shells, Fossils or Minerals. Wanted :—To exchange Minerals, Birds’-Eggs in sets, land and fresh-water Shells for the same. E. M. | GOODWIN, Hartland, Vt. Fine Fossils and Shells for Ind. Relics and Fossils ; also Stamps and Coins for the same. JAS. W. JONES, Pt. Townsend, Wash. Terr. Ripidolite, Kyanite, Jasper, Albite, etc., all large No small H. I. CARD,Lock Box 54, Willi- specimens accepted. mantic, Ct. I will exchange fine Minerals for Fossils, Eggs, Min- erals, Ind. Relics, etc. WM.C. BANK, Cove Mills, Stamford, Ct. Offers requested in exchange for many of the smaller mollusks of the waters south of Hatteras. W. H. RUSH, M.D., 1308 Green St., Philadelphia, Pa. The West American Scientist. This Journal, establised in 1884, begins a new volume lasa 24-page illustrated monthly magazine of POPULAR SCIENCE A feature consists of articles on topography and natural history of Upper and Lower California. Scientists are contributors Eminent Price $1.00 per year, 10 cents acopy. Send 25 cents for a 4 months’ trial sub- scription. Agents wanted. C. R. ORCUTT, Ebitor, San Diego. Cal. DO YOU WANT SPECIMENS ? Shark’s Egg . 5c | Chinese Chop-Sticks . 12c Star Fish . 5¢ ‘eee ois . 5c Sea Urchin . 5¢ | 5 Fine minerals. . . 1§c 200 Sea Shells, small but good 15c; or COMMON SENSE a large 12-column paper devoted to collec- tors, a whole year, with any one of the above, for 25 cents. 4,000 copies each issue now. Large exchange column free to subscribers. | Send at once. F. A. THOMAS, Mexico, N. Y. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE 13 { | To every person sending so names with the accom- | panying cash a collection of 75 species and 250 speci OUR PREMIUM LIST. oe To every person sending 25 names and the cash, will A CHANCE FOR WORKERS KEEN AND | je sent a collection of 40 species and 125 specimens BRIGHT. { = Send $1.75 and the names of 5 subscribers, and we | These offers consist of choice shells in fine condition will forward to the originator of the club, $1.00’s | with correct name and locality in each instance; and worth of shells at List prices. will furnish numerous duplicates for exchange. A few ed 5 Ss of the genera from which the above will be selected are R hel pont alters a is as follows: Nautilus, Murex, Neptunea. Pyrula, Cas- ae BS eee = sad EAE ee sidulus, Pleuratoma, Triton, Ranella, Nassa, Purpura , pag cae : Pp P 9-25 ones Cuma, Harpa, Oliva, Tasciolaria, Dittorina, Gonioba- 15 subscribers. sis, Paludina, Ampullaria, Crepidula, Nerita, Neritina, Turbo, Trochus, Haliotis, Chiton, Helix, Bulimus, Achatina, Achatinella, Clausilia, Planorbis, Lymn a, Cyclostoma, Pyshia, Pholas, Mactra, Tellinu, Donax, Venus, Cytherea, Tapes, Cardium, Unio; Anodonta; Modiola, Arca, Pecten and others. ee : * These offers are made simply to increase tha popular Reeryons Sthactural aud Syeeaaue Soe oey, interest in that beautiful and highly interesting study— Pp wv sent free for $17.50, and the names! Conchology ; as well as to extend the subscription list o! of so subscribers. | ‘The Conchologists’ Exchange,’’ a monthly publica- a, ' tion to which every shell-collector should subscribe. Woodward’s ‘‘Manual of the Mollusca,’’ 1880 edi- tion, will be sent free for $10.50 and the names of 30 subscribers. Tryon’s ‘‘ Monograph of the Tercestrial Mollusca of the United States,’”’ plain edition, will be sent free for $35 and the names of roo subscribers. Sowerby’s ‘‘Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells,’ | Special Notice. 264 plates, %-morocco, 2 volumes, 8vo. sent free for $52.50 and the names of 150 subscribers. AND LOOK We have made 35 cents the price for Clubs of 5 or more subscribers, and in no case will individual sub- 4s For $87.50 and the names of 250 subscribers, | scriptions be received at less than the new rate of 50 we will send, express prepaid, one of cents. By request the above Lists will be held open until December 1, 1887, so that those who intend to Queen’s Educational Microscopes subscribe will find it to their advantage to form Clubs 7 of five or more and thus secure the benefit of the re- duction. In addition to these splendid Premiums every subscriber to Volume II has a premium in the shape of three (3) free exchanges annually. mounted upon a brass tripod stand, with adjustable eyepieces, object glasses and diaphragm complete. A fine chance for an active worker. Parties desiring to secure the benefits of the above PREMIUMS IN SHELLS. truly liberal offers, must not keep the names of subscri- 2 bers together with the subscriptions, until they have To every person sending us before December t, 1887, | completed their list, but should send them soon as re- the names and cash subscriptions (at the Club-Rate of | ceived and we will keep an exact account of them. 35 cents per annum), of 100 persons (new subscribers), a choice collection of shells consisting of 150 species and A COMMISSION of 30 per cent in CASH will be 500 Specimens. paid in lieu of the above premiums. ANTED—ODD NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF “Random Notes on Natural History,’ containing Mr. H. F. Car- penter’s article on ‘‘The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,”’ for which good prices will be paid. The Concho. Ex, Chest. Hill, Phila. 14 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE Price-List of Shells CHONDROPOMA. cingulata, Stud. . 3 LOWE ee ae sees *Shuttleworthii, Pfr, 20 es «< v. incerta, received since the issue 0 oncnolo- 1 7 gists’ Exchange No. g and ro. CHITON. ein eee d dl 1 Terms cash with order. Express granulatus, Gmel. . 20,25 | g aa a, otud. v. adnhe- charges to be borne by purchaser in sina, Paul . . . 10,15 all cases. Discount of 5 per cent. on FASCIOLARIA. | orders for $5.00 and over. EXCHANGE. 27 Comp. Physiology, Botany, Cryptogamia: Lea’s on a Fossil Saurian of the New Red Sandstone Formt’n: Lesquereux’s Cretaceus Flora, 50 plates, Smith’s Mis. Col. Vol. 4, Neuroptera, Vol. 6 Diptera and Coleoptera, 3 pp out, uneut, or any of the shells on my Price List which I may have in duplicate. Parties not having any of the shells wanted above, need not apply. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Phila. Bohn’s edition: Coultas, Prin. | W: D. | | Same For Exchange.—A black-walnut Egg Case, having five drawers, each 24x14x2 inches. The bottoms of the drawers come out, leaving slits for partitions. Will exchange it for sets or singles (Bird’s Eggs), instruments, or Books on Ornithology or Odlogy. Write first. VAN LEWIS, Potsdam, N. Y. Humming birds’ nests and eggs to exchange for E. Pleas, Dunreith, Ind. Offers requested in exchange for many of the smaller moilusks of the waters south of Hatteras. Exchange List ready. W.H. RUSH, M.D., 1308 Green Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Offered.—F ine specimens marine and land shells for perfect echinoderms. Land and _ fresh-water shells from the South and Southwest for reptiles in aleohol, D. W. FERGUSON, 138 Wilson St., Brook- Ling sails Ge Offered.—Unio Leibii, Lea, and 75 other species of N. Amer. land and fresh-water shells. Collectors please send lists and receive mine. JEROME TROMBLY, Petersburgh, Mich. Offered.—Nassa vibex; Oliva literata, reticularis; Columbella mercatoria; erosa, helova, lynx, moneta; Nerita tessellata, pele- ronta; Fissurella Barbadensis; Donax variabilis; Dosina discus; Cardium magnum. Wanted.—Shells and works on Conchology, JOHN 8. WHEELER, East Templeton, Mass. Cyclas dentata, Terebra dislocata, Sigaretus per- spectivus, Spheerium securis and striatinum, Zonites suppressa, Helix fallax and many others to exchange for Land and Fresh-water Shells. A. K. FAIR- CHILD, Whippany, N. J. Offered.—15 species Unios, including Aberti, pur- puratus, Schooleratftii, and subrostratus, 5 specirs Anodonta. Fossil Oyster shells. Satisfaction guar- euieed. Send list. FRANK J. FORD, Wichita, Lan. : Wanted.—American correspondents interested in the study of the genus Pupa (including Pupilla, Vertigo, etc.) of the U.S. Duplicates and other shells for exchange. V.STERKI, M. D., New Phila- delphia, O. Minerals and curiosities to exchange; also a relia- ble receipt for polishing stones and agates, for every small mineral or curiosity sent me. FRANKS FOOTE, 385 Lyon St., Grand Rapids, Mich. : Offered. —Tellina radiata, Paludina integra, Strom- bus gigas, Modiola plicatula, Mytilus edulis, Crep- idula unguiformis, Laevicardium serratum, Colum- bella mercatoria, Limniea elodes, for land and fresh water shells. WM. WEEKS, Jr., 508 Willoughby Aye., Brooklyn, N. Y. Offered.— Minnesota and marine shells for other shells and minerals. Send lists). JOHN M. HOLZ- INGER, State Normal School, Winona, Minn. Cypriea -caput-serpentis, | Specimens of minerals for Dana’s book on miner- alogy. BRET. H. MEACHAM, West View, Gooch- land Co., Va. and a piece of copper ore, for minerals or foreign coins. FRANK VAN BUREN, 253 York Street, Jersey City, N. J. A large fresh lot of Uniones, nasutus, complanatus and luteolus: also, a few Melantho decisa, all in ex- | cellent condition, to exchange for other fresh-water shells of the south and. West. JOHN WALTON, 77 Arcade, Rochester, N. Y. 150—1st class side-blown Rirds’ Eggs to exch nge for Coins, Stamps, fine specimens of Indian Arrow Heads and Minerals.—WI1LLIS P. ARNOLD, Shan- nock, R. I. THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST. This Journal, established in 1884, begins a new volume as a 24-page illustrated monthly magazine of POPULAR SCIENCE. A feature consists of articles on topography and natural history of Upper and Lower California, Price $1.00 per year, !0 cents a copy. Send 25 cents for a 4 Eminent Scientists are contributors. months’ trialsubscription. Agents wanted. C.R. ORCUTT, Epitor, San Diego, Cal. WANTED. Choice specimens of CY PRL AS, CONES, OLIV AS, VOLUTAS and HARPAS. Will pay for same, or will exchange other speci- mens of same genera. If minerals are preferred in exchange, [ have fine specimens of Graphite, Ama- zou stone, Lead, Iron, and Copper ores, Kryolite, ete. JOHN H.CAMPBELL, 740 Sansom St., Philadelphia, Pa,. Correspondence solicited from persons collecting CYPRJEAS., THE Price-List of Shells received since the issue of Con- chologists’ Exchange No. 9 and 10, Terms cash with order. Express charges to be borne by purchaser in all cases. Discount of 5 per cent. on orders for $5.00 and over. Noe, I Jian eee wweneenee 20 BUCCINUM, *undatum, Lam wi BULIMUS. Splitters Gabwrecancsantes = PUD Ay Hl sreaicisteteisaaslslocletstsja!oc DEDGC OLN aaecesc cess SyMACUS, MNT ee ncccaceeses CYCLOSTOMA, dentatum, Say®......) “c Grohmani, Phil........ arse Sebourghize, Paul....... ae ventricosus,, raps... ..- bolensis, DeBetta......... solida, Drap Lampedusa, Calcora...... agrigentina, Bourgt....... lame olatas eEtildiekscecsce ss ZARIUNAT Sem, (FIN cccareetatsreieeercicecete -candidilabris, Zglr........ SUSVANE /Aalbeaperneeas SSC calabrica, Mouss....<...:.. fisea: DeBetta i csorsstes. plicatula, Drap. var exoptalaSChm...../. sees. Vindobonensis, Zglr...... dubii, Drap, var. obsoleta, CMY ives. tase sess tess Adami, (Clessin’s:...02-..1 Recubariensis, DeBetta.. SILOWE I OrrOn-sensecsce. lenoensis, Villa.........0. orthostoma, Mke......... Styriaca, A, Schmidt..... Oo See id > WNW WUT nn U1 1 6) 1 G9 OG UT On 1 1 Go mmmum Om CHONDROPOMA, *Shuttleworthii, Pfr...... 20 CHITON. granulatus, Gmel..... ... 20,25 FASCIOLARIA. *tulipa, We. cesen sobeacat: 2 301775 FISSURELLA. Barbadensis, Gmel........ 10 HELICINA, *Sagraiana, D’Orb....... 25 HELIX, GUANENSIS, PRGEYs...:..0- a0 30,40 planospira, Lam. vy. UUby cl Cayseeeemmets <= ssi. 15 cisalpina, Stab. v. SANG aT seweeeer +0: cosas 10 Sicamay Werspeetss ooceccore Io ammonis, A Schmidt..... 5 murajis, Mull. v.......... 5 EO OS VICHIEpata .<.3e 5 frigidissima, Adami (2600 Ms ANSE) Mee «ce -vace 20 colubrina, Lam. v, Medoa- CENSIS sasesieeaess = hisses 15,20 SO i enmnil a... -0selige2O zmula, Rossm.. ......... 5 tarentina, Pfr. v. picta... 3,5 bathyomphala, Charp.... 5 meridionalis, Parr......... 355 destituta, Charp........... 5 Hermesiana, Pini.......... 10,15 Meda; PorrOgecs.+ «6 Boas Shs lenticulas Menor... ...sceee 3B Baldensis, Villa.......... SLO carthusianella Drap. v. arvensis, Ginl.....5 Aonice 3 tunrita, (Philos... ...- For $87.50 and the names of 250 subscribers, we will send, express prepaid, one of Queen’s Educational Microscopes, mounted upon a brass tripod stand, with adjustable eyepieces, object glasses and diaphragm complete. A fine chance for an active worker. PREMIUMS IN SHELLS. To every person sending us before December 1, - 1887, the names and cash subscriptions (at the Club- Rate of 35 cents per annum), of 100 persons (new subscribers), a cboice collection of Bells consisting of 150 species and 500 specimens. To every person sending 50 names with the accom - panyiug cash a collection of 75 species and 250 speci- mens. To every person sending 25 names and the cash, will be sent a collection of 40 species and 125 speci- mens, These offers consist of choice shells in fine condi- tion with correct name and locality in each instance ; and will furnish numerous duplicates for exchange. A few of the genera from which the above will be selected are as follows: Nautilus, Murex, Neptunea, Pyrula, Cassidulus, Pleurotoma, Triton, Ranella, Nassa, Purpura, Cuma, Harpa, Oliva, Fasciolaria, Littorina, Goniobasis, Paludina, Ampullaria, Crepi- dula, Nerita, Neritina, Turbo, Trochus, Haliotis, Chiton, Helix, Bulimus, Achatina, Achatinella, Clausilia, Planorbis, Lymna, Cyclostoma, Physa, Pholas, Mactra, Tellina, Donax, Venus, Cytherea, Tapes, Cardium, Unio, Anodonta, Modiola, Arca, Pecten and others. These offers are made simply to increase the pop- ular interest in that beautiful and highly interesting study—Conchology, as well as to extend the subscrip- tion list of TH CoNncHoLoGistTs’ EXCHANGE, a monthly publication to which every shell collector should subscribe. Special Notice. We have made 35 cents the price for Clubs of 5 or more subscribers, and in no case will individual subscriptions be received at less than the new rate of 50 cents. By request the above Lists will be held open until December 1, 1887, so that those who in- tend to subscribe will find it to their advantage to forms Clubs of five or more and thus secure the benefit of the reduction. In addition to these splen- did Premiums every subseriber to Volume II has a premium in the shape of three (3) free exchanges annually. Parties desiring to secure the benefits of the above truly liberal offers, must not keep the names of sub- seribers together with the subscriptions, until they have completed their list, but should send them as soon as received and we will keep an exact account of them. A COMMISSION of 30 per cent. in CASH will be paid in lieu of the above premiums for all club sub- scriptions at the full rate of 50 cents per annum. ANTED—ODD NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF WV “Random Notes on Natural History,” containing Mr. H. F. Car- penter’s article on ‘‘ The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,”’ for which good prices will be paid. The Concho. Ex., Chest. Hill, Phila. 30 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. Fine Books for Sale. SOLD ONLY FOR CASH. Tryon, Geo. W. dr. Structural and Systematic Conchology, and, also, Manual of Conchology. ‘The latest works for Conchol- ogists. Subscriptions taken and filled. Cir- culars sent on application. SprciAL Noricr:—A few second-hand copies of Tryon’s Structural and Systematic Con- chology for sale at $5.00—Cash. Postage prepaid. Sowerby, J. Genera of Recent and Fos- sil Shells for the use of Students in Conchol- ogy and Geology. Illustrated with 264 origi- nal plates. 2 volumes, 8 vo; half morocco. London (N. D). Price $15.00. Woodward. Manual of the Mollusca, with Appendix, by Ralph Tate. 642 pp: 23 plates, 441 figures, 270 illustrations. Toudom 1880 edition. Price $2.50, postpaid. Formerly, $2.60. The same, 1875 edition, $2.00 postpaid. Random Notes on Natural History. This journal, now out of print, is rapidly be- coming scarce. We offer the back numbers containing the previous chapters of Mr. H. F. Carpenter’s very instructive article upon ‘“The Shell Bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,” Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.’s “ Check Lists of Shells,”’ besides numerous articles of interest to the conchologist, at the following prices : Woltelncompletey koa yy) kgO Vol. I, minus Nos. 1 and 2,. I 00 Welly 101, @opraye WS; Ge I oO Wall, IMLS Ceroyanyol Keto eee Re ee 75 Postage extra in each case at the rate of six (6) cents per volume. A fine chance to sone the best descriptive history of Rhode sland shells ever written. ‘The subsequent shi upters of Mr. Carpenter’s article are now being published in “The Conchologists’ Exchange,” beginning with No. 12, of Volume I. The American Naturalist. Odd copies for sale as follows: Vol. X, January to Sep- tember; Vol. XV, January; Vol. XVI, July to September ; Vol. XV If, January, May to December; Vol. XVIII, January and Feb- ruary ; Index to Vol. XII. Prices 20 and 25 cents each. Westwood, J. O. Arcana Entomologica; or, Illustrations of New, Rare, and Interest- ing Insects. 2 vols, half morocco. London, 1845. Price $27.50. ADDRESS The Conchologists' Exchange CHESTNUT HILL, _ PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S. A. Helix (Aglaia), fidelis, Gray, Oregon. WEST COAST SHELLS. 3y Prof.Josiah Keep, Mills College, California. A familiar description of the Marine, Fresh Water and Land Mollusks, found in the United States, West of the Rocky Mountains. 182 Illustrations, 230 pages. ‘The frontispiece is a hand-painted engraving of the very rare and beautiful. Surcula Carpenteriana, Gabb. To aid in the study of Shells, the pronuncia- tion Latin names is indicated, and a Glossary, Key, Biographical Index of Naturalists, anda Check List are added. Beautifully printed and bound. Price, postpaid, $1.75. Bancroft Brothers & Co., Publishers, 532 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. Please mention this paper. THE » CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 31 EXCHANGE BOX, No. 1. For $1.00 We will send, postpaid, a neatly packed box of Shelis containing 380 different species, and 150 specimens especially selected and adapted for trading. A collec- tion for yourself and lots to trade. ALL NAMED AND LOCALIZED. ADDRESS The Conchologists’ Exchange, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. DO YOU WANT SPECIMENS? Chinese Chop-Sticks . I2¢c Star Fish :, . §¢ “s Goms:. . mse Sea Urchin .5c|5 Fineminerals . . Ihe 200 Sea Shells, small but good, 15c; or Shark’s Egg . 5c COMMON SENSE, a large 12-column paper devoted to collectors, a whole year, with any one of the above, for 25 cents. 4,000 copies each issue now. Large exchange column free to subscribers, Send at once. F. A. THOMAS, Mexico, N. Y. THE MADISON, Asbury Park, N. J. E, GATE, Proprietor. All conveniences. Open uutil October. Special Prices for Board during September. Tee) GE SCI NATIONAL EDUCATOR, Published Semi-monthly at ALLEITTOWMW, PA. A. R. HORNE, A. M., D.D., Editor and Publisher. The NATIONAL EDUCATOR has been edited by its proprietor, A. R. Horn», continuously twenty-seven years—longer than any educational journal in this country has been under the same editorial management. It is devoted to common- sense ideas in education, whether they be new or old. Its series of articles on “Experiments in the School-room without Apparatus,” “Health Notes,” “Common Sense in the Schoool-room,” * Out-door School,” ete., ete.. have run through five years past, and will be continued the next five years. The circulation in Pennsylvania is as large as the bona fide circulation of any other educational journal, whether published in or out of the State, while it also has a large general circulation, particularly in the South, where the editor has been State Institute Conductor a number of terms. All the articles are original, short, sharp, and common sense. Seventy- Jive cents @ year, payable whenever the subscriber is ready. Senu for sample copies. A. R. HORNE, Editor and Publisher, Allentown, Pa. 2 THE » CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. WE HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS. FOR THE NAMING OF SHELLS AT THE LOW PRICE OF 10 CENTS PER SPECIES. THIS DOES NOT INCLUDE TRANSPOR- TATION WHICH MUST IN ALL CASES BE PAID BY SENDER. ADDRESS The Conchologists’ Exchange, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Fossil Ferns. | ROR. SAk Ey A large variety of very fine Fossil Ferns | : from Mazon Creek, Grundy Co., Ill., properly | Price, $5.50. named, for sale cheap, or would exchange for | ONE COPY, RANG AND SOULEYET, choice Marine Shells. ay = 7. 0, CARE: PTEROPODS. Grundy County National Bank, W. H. RUSH, 12-3 Morris, Hl. ' 1808 Green St., Philadelphia, Pa. Per SALE. ae Geological and Archeological Speci and Sci- 9 cits Eiaka Tega Foo a elise ie Oni BIRDS’ skins specialty. Can furnish from a single specimen to one EYES hundred thousand. Correspondence with advanced collectors solicited. Best of reference given and sat- isfaction guaranteed or money refunded. EGG DRILLS, BLOW PIPES, INSECT steaton te paper NEW ALBANY, ND. PINS, AND ALL. Supplies for Naturalists 1,000 Species and Taxidermists. ALSO LAND, FEUVIATILE AND MARINE SUELLS MINERALS AND SHELLS. AMERICAN AND FOREIGN Send for Catalogues. 7,000 eae uate: JAMES M. SOUTHWICK, Address P. O. Box 117, Natural History Store, Santa Barbara, Cal. Providence, R. I. CRAIG, FINLEY & CO., FRS., 1020 ARCH ST., PHILA- Ae Cancholonsts Exchange. COPYRIGHT SECURED. Worle CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA:, SEPTEMBER, 1887. No. 3 A Publication Designed for Conchologists and Sctentists generally. LS SU Ey MO NACE LY BY Wi Aw ERELL, Epitor AND PuBLisHER f@- Correspondence upon Conchélogy, as well as reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their habits, localities, ete., kindly solicited from all. Matter for publication must be received by the tenth of each month. TERMS: Subseription, Volume If. — - - Single copies, 5 cents each. Remittances should be sent by Money Order, Postal Note, or by Registered Letter. Unused United States Postage Stamps will be received in any amount in payment of bills. Address all correspondence to WM. D. AVERELL, Editor and Publishev, Chestnut Hill. 50 ets. Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A. ADVERTISING RATE One inch, displayed, 1 month .............9 40 One ineh displayed, 3 munths............. 1 00 One-half column, displayed, ! month... 2 00 One-half column, displayed, 83 months. 4 00 One column, displayed, }] month.......... 4 00 One column, displayed,3 months ........ 8 00 Entered at the Post-office at Philadelphia, Pa., as second-class matter. SUBSCRIPTIONS TO VOLUME II ARE NOW DUE. FOR EXPIRATION OF SUBSCRIPTION SEE DATE ON WRAPPER. HAT the antipodes will not be behind in the struggle for scientific knowledge is a foregone conclusion, In a region where Nature has been so lavish in her gifts, as in Australia, one would expect to see a wide- spread interest in Natural Science. But not until very lately has the scientific education of the young commanded the attention which its “iraportance deserves. So far as Conchology is concerned, much has been done by Reeve, Phi- lippi, Kiener, Hombron, Angas, Cox and others, but we think the visit of Baron Maclay has had much to do with stirring up the lagging inter- est. Mr.-John Brazier has kindly furnished us with the Rules of The Natural History Associa- tion of New South Wales, one of which de- clares the object of the Association to be ‘‘ the encouragement of the study of nature, more particularly by young people,” in which laud- able enterprise we cannot but signal them “to go ahead at full speed.”’ We may be far ahead of them in our Agassiz Chapters and kindred societies, but their country is comparatively un- explored, and is in addition very rich in pecul- iar and unique forms of life. We confess to have read Mr. Charles T. Simpson’s article upon “ The Distribution of Shells in the Tropics,” with great interest. We cannot but deplore the work of a natural force which no doubt is the cause of so many migrations among mollusks. A trip to a new region has added zest given to it when new forms are discovered, new brain-food is found, new light thrown upon murky subjects. But when, after a tropical storm such as Mr, Simp- son so aptly describes, the coast becomes the hab- itation of species collected and described months before in a distant region, the occasion loses interest. The word “introduced” is be- coming far too common, and whether done by man or a storm the abstract effect is the same. But such is Natural History; we must record facts, and perhaps the 1ffost curious element of our work is the phenomenon of distribution. Mr, Simpson’s argument is strong, well taken, and we think highly plausible. Ir every subscriber to THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE would send at least one new sub- scriber’s name to the paper it would greatly encourage us, and be returned with interest. SUBSCRIBE to THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ Ex- CHANGE, 50 cents per annum and three free exchanges. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE ISLAND. | BY HORACE F. CARPENTER. Chapter XXXIX. Genus Zirphea Leach—1851. In Pholas, the dorsal margin is supplement- ed by two accessory plates; Zirphaea has a broader shell without accessory plates. It has but three species, one of which is common to the Atlantic shores of Europe and America. 143.—Zirphea crispata, Linn. Synonyms : Pholas crispata, Linn and older authors: Pholas bifrons, Da Costa. Pholas latus, Lister. Solen crispus, Gmelin. Zirphzea crispata, all modern authors. Shell oblong-oval, thick and strong; valves touching only at the hinge, and at the middle of the base, gaping widely at both ends ; each valve is separated into two nearly equal parts by a broad furrow passing from the beaks to the base; the anterior half is covered with radiating toothed ribs. Length, two inches; height, one anda half.» It is common in all parts of North- western Europe, and in Northeastern America as far south as Cape Cod; very few specimens are found this side of the Cape. Very fine and large specimens are obtained at Nahant Beach in hard clay. SUB-FAMILY JOUANNETIN. Anterior ventral gap, closed in adults by a callous plate. There are five genera, seven sub-genera, and thirty-five species, none of which have yet been discovered in R. I. Martesia cuneiformis Say, and Diplothyra Smithii, Tryon, are found burrowing in oyster shells on the coasts of the Southern States. The former has been found at New Haven, Conn., by Dr. Perkins, and the | | | | | latter at Staten Island, and_as they occur boring into the Southern oyster, of which we plant thousands of bushels annually in our bay, it is among the possibilities that both these species might be inhabitants of Rhode Island. FAMILY SOLENID-E. Shell long, gaping at both ends; ligament external. This family is divided into two sub- families, Soleninze and Pharellinz. SUB-FAMILY SOLENIN Z. Shell ¢rzncated at both ends; umbones ¢e7- minal, withgne tooth in each valve. Siphon of the animal sort and wnted. There are six genera, two of which are fossil. The genus Solen, Linn, 1757, with thirty-seven species, is represented on the Atlantic coast of the U. 5S. by only one species, Solen viridis, Say, which inhabits from New Jersey to Florida. The | genus Ensis, Schum or Ensatella, Sw. with fourteen species is represented on our coasts by. 144.—Ensatella Americana, Gould, In the twelfth edition of ‘ Systema Na- ture, page 1114, 1767, Linnzeus described an European shell which he called Solon ensis ; our species resembling it very much and con- sidered identical with it, has, until late years, been called by the same name. In 1817, Schu- macher discovered that Solen ensis was not a Solen; that genus having straight shells and | provided with one tooth in each valve, while | one valve and three these shells were curved and had two teeth in in’the other. Then he | proposed a new genus for these shells and called | ensis was not the European ensis at all. it Ensis, from the type species of the old genus Solen. Then its name became Ensis ensis. In 1840 Swainson objected to calling the generic and specific names of shells by the same term, so he proposed the name of Ensatella, which was approved of and adopted by other author- ities. Then it read Ensatella ensis, but having got this point finally settled it seemed that our Gould was the first to notice the differences, but un- _ willing to make another change he called it pro- visionally variety Americana. All modern THE * CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. . 35 authors, 2. e. since 8865, use this name for our species. A full scientific description of the animal was given in Silliman’s Journal, p. 287, in April, 1872. ‘The shell is six inches long by one inch in height, covered with a glossy yellowish- green epidermis; hinge at one end. A very common shell in R. I. called long clam, razor fish, &c,, and is considered by some people very delicious eating. They live in the sand, where they burrow from two to three feet deep. They come tothe surface sometimes, but it is difficult to obtain one; if we take hold of a specimen and attempt to draw it up out of the sand (they stand on their heads, as we might say if they had any, with only an inch or two of the pos- terior portion of the shell projecting above the surface of the sand) it slips through our fingers and descends to the bottom of its burrow with astonishing rapidity. ‘The best way to obtain them is to look at extreme low-water mark, where their presence is indicated by an orifice resembling a key-hole, and then dig for them lively with a clam hoe. I think some disease must have affected this species at one time, in our bay, several years ago, for at low tide might have been seen one Summer, thousands of specimens in every di- rection on our sandy shores, projectiug two or ihree inches out of the sand; all these speci- mens were either destitute of an inhabitant, or the animal was dead and half devoured by Starfish or Ilyanassa obsoleta, our common cannibal snail. I noticed this more particularly near Buttonwoods, where I gathered about a half a peck of these shells in as good condition as though they had been taken alive. SUB-FAMILY PHARELLIN. Shell transverse, elongated, gaping and rounded at each end; umbones szzb-central. Siphons of the animal /ovg separated for half their length. ‘There are eight genera, three of which are fossil. Three genera are represented in New Eng. each by a single species. GENUS SILIQUA, MUHLFELDT, 1811. Shell smooth, oblong; epidermis polished : an umbonal rib extends across the interior of each valve. There are twenty species of this - genus. Siligua costata, Say. T45. Syns: Solen costatus, Say, Valence. Solen Sayii, Griffith. Solen Nahantensis, Des Moulins. Solecurtus costatus, Gld., DeKay, Stimp. Sili- qua costata, Tryon, Dall. Shell, smooth, oblong, thin and fragile, rounded at both ends; beaks very small, placed at the anterior fourth ; epidermis shining, light yellowish-green, crossed by three lighter colored broad rays ; interior livid. showing the exterior bands; in each valve is a broad white rib extend- ing from the beaks, two-thirds across the shell, Length two inches, height eight-tenths. Inhabits from Cape Hatteras to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It has not yet been found in R. I. to my knowl- edge, although Gould says “ it is found abun- dantly on every sandy beach and_ probably inhabits the sand in shallow water.’ It is com- mon in Massachusetts Bay, and is frequently taken from the maws of cod-fish. GENUS SOLECURTUS, BLAINVILLE, 1824 These shells are sometimes called short razors, as the shells are like a Solen cut off or shortened, while the animal is as long as a Solen. The beaks are nearer the centre, and the shell is wider and more flattened. 146.— Solecurtus gibbus, Spengler, 1794. Syns : Solen gibbus, Spengl. Lam., Hanley. Solecurtus Caribzeus Con., Gld., DeKay, Woodward. — Siliquaria gibbus, Adams, Tryon, Tagelus Dombeyi, Chenu. Tagelus gibbus, Dall. Solen Caribzeus, Shell oblong, transverse, slightly curved, thick and strong, posterior end rounded, anterior truncated ; the surface covered (when not worn off) with a strong dark-colored epidermis. Length four inches, height one and a half, breadth one inch. Inhabits from Cape Cod _ to THE + CONCHOLOGIS’ rs’ - EXCHANGE. Gulf of Mexico and West Indies. They live buried in mud and sand more than a foot below the surface, and beyond low water mark, and are not easily obtained, as they cannot be reached by the dredge. I found one specimen alive at Apporang, but single valves are common on all our shores, and often both valves united, without the animal, and with the epidermis half worn off. . To be Continued. BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MER- CER CO., ILL. BY WILLIAM A. MARSH. (Continued. ) 54.—Anodonta plana, Lea. Shell smooth, oval, inflated and solid. Beaks large, but somewhat depressed and rounded over the umbones. Epidermis from light olive to dark brown, and sometimes greenish. When young this shell is often beautifully rayed, al- though it is sometimes found without rays. Undulations on beaks few and small. Nacre varying from dull salmon to white. Anterior portions of shell slight'y rounded. ‘This shell is found only in our creeks where it attains a large size, and is now very rare. It differs from grandis in being much more inflated, very much more solid and attains a larger size, and when adult it is very much more cylindrical I have collected specimens 7 inches wide, 4 inches long, and 2% inches thick. It seems to prefer muddy bottoms, where there is little or no current in the stream. I often find it in mill ponds and sometimes in the mill races. As found here it is as more easily separated from grandis than is A, corpulenta. ta, Cooper. oF Shell smooth, oval, very much inflated, undu- lations prominent, beaks massive, very much 56.—Anodonta suborbiculata, swollen and incurved, having a copper colored summit. The epidermis varies from dark brown and olive to dark green. Found both with and without rays. Nacre copper colored. This fine species is found very abundantly in the river sloughs and the small lakes of the Bay Island. It never ventures into the river, pre- ferring soft, muddy bottoms and _ still water where there is no current. It often attains a large size; the largest covfelenta in my collec- tion being 4% inches long, 7 inches wide, and 3 inches deep. ‘The largest evandis I have, was received from Mr. A. A. Hinkley, of Wash- ington Co., Illinois, collected by him in South- ern Illinois. It measures 4 inches in length, 6% inches in width, and 2 inches in depth. Corpulenta is extremely variable, as individuals are often found quadrate, with the hinge line perfectly straight, very tumid and almost round before and behind. I have one remarkably fine specimen which measures only 4 inches in width and measures the same otherwise as the one just described. Although corpulenta is generally very much inflated, specimens are often found that are much depressed. Say. This very fine shell is found only in the sloughs and small lakes of the Bay Island. Fifteen years ago it was quite common, and 30 or 40 specimens might have been collected in a sin- ele day ; but itis now extremely rare and the col- lector may think himself well off if he secures 2 or 3 specimens in a whole season. Dead shells are often found along the margin of Swan Lake, but live ones are seldom obtained. For two or three years I have been offering the fishermen 25 cents a piece for every live speci- men, but as yet they have failed to find it. This, our most attractive Anodonta, has a geo- graphical distribution from Indiaha to Kansas, and is probably not common in any particular locality. But five localities for this. shell are reported in Illinois, Shell suborbicular and somewhat depressed. Beaks not prominent, with small undulations and few in number. Epidermis pale green, light yellow and light brown in different speci- mens. Growth lines not prominent; the whole surface of the shell covered with beautiful mi- THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 37 croscopic lines. Shell usually covered with faint green rays which disappear with age. 57.—Anodonta Ferrusactana, Lea, Shell smooth, oval and sometimes cylindrical ; slightly inflated, sometimes slightly depressed posteriorly. The epidermis varies from dark olive to light brown. Shell usually covered with broad green rays, while specimens are found almostrayless. Umbones usually rounded, sometimes slightly angular. Growth lines promi- nent, often with dark brown concentric lines run- ning parallel with them. The beaks are only moderately prominent and are covered with rather coarse undulations running in a circular direction toward the posterior portion of the shell. There is one northern species, dodonta subcylindracea, Lea, which in some respects may be confounded with this shell, but saécylin- dracea is a more cylindrical species, has more prominent beaks, with finer and more numerous undulations than on Ferrusactana. Adult specimens of swbcylindracea are more con- stricted posteriorly, while those of /v77zsaciana maintain their symmetry. This shell is found from Ohio to Colorado, through all the North- western States. I have just received a speci- men from Mr. Charles T. Simpson collected in Lodge-pole Creek, Colorado, having a pinkish nacre; while Mercer County specimens are white, shining, and iridescent. It is found here only in Pope and Edwards Creeks and has now become very rare owing to the ravages of the musk-rats and raccoons. I used to find it common in Edwards Creek, associated with A. edentula, but have not found a single shell of this species for three years. To be Continued. ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS IN THE TROPICS. BY CHAS. 'T. SIMPSON. The fact that many marine species of mollusca are widely distributed is a cause of no great wonder, since the sea is their home and the young are all swimmers, so that by this means, and the ocean currents no doubt, many specimens appear in localities where we should least expect to find them. But the land and fresh water mollusks when found in countries or islands separated by the sea, are usually ac- counted for on the supposition that their sepa- rate habitats have been connected by land pas- sages since the appearance of existing species, or that they were introduced to one or the other localities through the agency of man. I believe that, in the tropics especially, the rivers and the sea may have had much to do with the distribution of many of these forms. One who has never visited the tropics can have no idea of the immensity of the forests of that region; or of the wonderful vigor and exuberance of vegetable life. In these coun- tries where a large annual rain fall occurs, the | giant trunks of trees cover the ground thickly, forming in many places a solid wall of forest a hundred and fifty or two hundred feet high. The sun pouring down a flood of brilliant light and heat into its depths, literally fills the entire space with minor growths of every description; lianes and sipos in endless variety, hanging in festoons from the limbs above. coiled and twisted around each other like writhing serpents, or drawn taut like the rigging of a ship, amid creepers, water vines, shubbery and broad-leaved plants of unnumbered species. These giant trunks, often fifteen or twenty feet in diameter, are in reality vast aerial gardens bearing aloft enormous quantities of Epiphyllums and Phyl- locacti, ferns, orchids and air pines, as well as the immense growth of vines of every descrip- tion. A species of Ficus related to the fig, and rubber tree of our hot-houses, often lodges its seeds in the forks or on limbs fifty, a hundred, or a hundred and fifty feet above the ground. This plant, the Matapalo, or Scotch Attorney as it is called, sends down a tiny air root which reaches the ground and begins to feed the plant aboye Another and another quickly follow, and then a network of cross-roots are formed until the tree is clothed from the ground to its loftiest hmbs with fetters that never loose their hold until they have strangled its life out of it. I shall never forget the feeling of awe and even terror that I experienced when, rev- erently and with bared head I first stood before 38 THE ; CONCHOEOGISTS’ = EXCHANGE. such a mighty forest on the mainland of Hon- duras. I never until then realized how utterly insignificant and powerless I was in the pres- ence of Nature. But this is a digression. Such a forest is the natural home of hosts of the arboreal tropical land snails, the Bulimi, the Achatinas, Orthalicus, Liguus, some of the Helices and many others. Among these aerial gardens every variety of food and shelter is provided that they can possibly need. During the rainy seasons of the tropics, thou- sands of such trees with their immense collec- tions of vegetable and animal life are under- mined by rivers and torrents and carried out into the sea. Nor is this all. From Cape St. Roque along a vast stretch of the South American coast far to the northward, and at many points in the West Indies and the main land of Central America, the sea is constantly encroaching on the land, undermining and carrying away millions of acres of this virgin forest. I have seen hundreds of acres of such trees on the coast of Honduras slowly toppling into the sea. Many of these carry not only all their arboreal mollusks with them, but with the tons of soil, undergrowth and shrubbery which adhere to their roots, a great variety of terrestial species. Such rafts of floating vege- tation are not unfrequently met with in tropical seas, and borne by ocean currents or carried by storms are often landed within a moderate length of time on other shores. In_ shelt- ered caves on the Island of Utilla and other of the Bay Islands, and on the shores of Florida, I have seen thousands of such stranded monsters, some submerged all but a few branches. others at the tide line, and still others thrown high and dry by storms, out of the reach of the sea at ordinary times. I conceive that many snails carried on the higher limbs of such trees, in the sheltering crevices of the Matapalos or among the rank epiphytal vegeta- tion might make such a sea voyage in safety, and being thrown high and dry in the edge of a forest in similar latitudes might find all the circumstances favorable for living and produc- ing an established colony in their new home. Especially would such mollusks as the Stro- phias. Glandinas, Truncatellas, Auriculas, Pythias and some of the Stenogyras, whose natural habitat is near the sea and which are sometimes exposed to its spray, be likely to survive such a cruise, and it is just such species that we find introduced in the greatest numbers in the warmer parts of the earth. Glandina truncata is an abundant shell throughout a great part of Florida, and it is also plentiful in Cuba, and no matter which country it was in- troduced to it has undoubtedly crossed the sea. So of Strophia incana, a Cuban species abun- dant on the Florida Keys, Stenogyra gracillima, several West Indian Truncatellas, and Auricula pellucens, all found plentifully in Florida and within the influence of the sea. Orthalicus undatus Liguus fasciatus, Bulimulus multi- lineatus and other species found on the south- ern part of the peninsula of Florida are arbo- real and have come from Mexico, the West Indies. and South America, ‘These species during periods of rest secrete an epiphragm by which they adhere with great tenacity to the branches and trunks of trees so firmly that the shell will often break before it will let go, and in many cases must be collected by care- fully cutting away the bark to which it adheres, This epiphragm seems to be impervious to the influence of wind, sunshine or moisture, and is only dissolved by the animal when it revives its activity. During such a period of zeestiva- tion it seems to me these snails might make such a passage at sea with little difficulty if they were borne above the crest of the waves. To be Continued. DESCRIPTION OF NEW GENERA OR SUB-GENERA OF HELICIDA. BY C. F.-ANCEY. ( Continued.) XXVIL—Pleuroxia, Ancey. I propose the above name for Angasella (type: Helix cyrtopleura, Pfeiffer), as the latter name issalready pre-occupied in marine shells. Geog. distrib.: Central and Southern Aus- tralia. XXVIJI,—Calostropha, Ancey. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ » EXCHANGE. 39 “ Testa depresso conica, late umbilicato, poly- “oyrata. Apertura parva; peristoma reflexum, *dentatum.” Type: Helix Raffrayi, Tapparone-Canefri. Geog. distrib.: I sp.; Western New Guinea. XXIX.—Lurystyla, Ancey. “ Testa laevigata, solidula, nigra vel brunnea | “vel virescens, nigro-cincta, plus minusve ob- ‘longa vel depressa, summo valde obtuso “erosso; habitus fere quorumdam specierum | “generis Cochlostyloe simillimus. Umbilicus ‘‘nullus vel rimiformis. Columella recta, ‘oblique declivis. Peristoma tenuites expan- “sum et incrassatum,”’ Types: Helix cerina, Mor.; H. viridis, Desh H. cerina shows the above Malgachian group, altogether resembling so much the Phil- ippinese species of Cochlostyla that H. viridis, the first known species of the section was al- ways placed by authors in this genus, to be much more nearly allied to Helix lancula, Guil- laini, etc. (belonging to Ampelita), than may be supposed at once. Fruticotrochus, Kob., does not appear to differ at all from all the described species of Trocho- morphodes, Nevill (type: H. acris, Bens. and conulus, v, Mart.), excepting in having a larger umbilicus. Dr. yon Mollendorff unites both. XXX.—Cavicola, Ancey. *Testa albido, opaca perforata solidula, con. “icoglobosa. Spira elevata, apice acutiuscula, “€conica; anfractus saltem 7, regulariter len- *teque crescentes, conyexi, sutura profunda, ** divisi, ultimus tumido-rotundatus, inferne in- * flatus, medio filocinctus post medium loeviga- “tus, antice non deflexus Apertura lunata, “fere recta; peristoma simplex, tenue, basi ‘‘sinuatum et antice tantisper proyectum, prope “ umbilicum parvum minute expansum.” Type: Streptaxis (?) cavicola, Gredler. Geog. distrib, : The type has been found ina caye in Southern Hunan (Central China.) I agree with Hende in placing this species in Naninidze rather than with Streptaxis. It resembles, however, Str. alveus, Dunk, a South American species, in a few particulars, but is otherwise entirely distinct. As far as known the group, to which the latter belongs, is not an Asiatic one. Cavicola approaches Si- tala and Microcystis. XXXI.—#athyaxis, Ancey. ‘© Testa characteribus nonnullis adeo Ceeliaxi “ peraffinis ut sectio hujus generis tantum haberi ““possit, sed semper integra; columella recta, “incranata, plica interna extus non conspicua ““instructa; umbilicus apertus, profundinimus “ (apice testce perspicuo) ; peristoma haud den- *“tatum, expansiusculum nec continuum.” Type: Coeliaxis Layardi, Ad. & Angas. Geog. distrib. : Cape Colony; Albany Coast. XXXII.—Aesobia, Ancey. “Testa subsolidula fusca, perforata, haud “nitens, oblonga, liris spiralibus interruptis, ob- ‘“‘solete notata, striata. Spira obconica, apice ‘* papillata, loevi, obtusata. Anfractus convexi, ‘primi sutura profunda, inferiores profundiore, *“quasi excavata separati; ultimus dimidium “testce saltem cequans, oblongus. Peristoma “subsimplex, ad columellam late expansum.”’ Type: Bulimus Helence, Quoy et Gaym. Geog. distrib. : St. Helena, Concluded. Voung @ollectors Corner The Fresh Water Mollusks of Fairmount Park. 3Y JOHN FORD. Sept., 1887. About a dozen genera of fresh water mol- lusks, embracing some twenty species, inhabit the Schuylkill within the limits of the Park. But here, as elsewhere, their presence in large numbers at certain points depends not only upon a plentiful supply of food, but upon other favor- 40 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE, able conditions as well; some species preferring beds of sand or fine gravel, others of mud, &c. Nowhere in the Park, perhaps, are all of these conditions so favorable as upon the breast of Fairmount dam when the coping is a foot or so above the water, which is then about the same indepth. Unfortunately for the collector, the dam has been submerged during the most of the Summer, but the coping and ‘overshute”’ are both diy at present’and will probably remain so during September and October. At this point, in the Summer of 1885, I secured on one occasion eleven different species, all alive and in excellent form, ‘These were /Vanorbis tr7- volvis, Planorbis bicarinatus, Vivipara decisa, Vivipara subcarinata, Somatogyrus altilus, Amnicola limosa, Melania virginica, Physa heterostropha, Spharium similis, Spherium sut- catum, and Pisidium abditum, A majority of the species were abundant, and in all stages of growth. L.. Ogden, Chief of the Water Department, but a note to his address, 13th and Spring Garden Sts.. will doubtless bring a favorable response. The former feeding grounds of Spherium similis, below the sewer opening under Girard Avenue bridge, have been nearly buried by the “Land Makers” of the Park. At this locality I have collected large numbers of perfect spec- imens, and it is just possible that some may still be found there. I have never seen them in the Schuylkill except at this point, and upon the dam breast, as before mentioned. /2szd- ‘um abditum, though not plentiful, were associ- ated with them in both places. Several of the other species named can still be collected here, On the flats fronting the river road above the tunnel, Limca desidiosa may be seen delving in the mud as of old, although a fine colony of Valvata tricarinatus, which formerly inhabited the southernmost flat, no longer exists; the bed of fine gravel on which they flourished having been buried under the new roadway. A few can still be found on the little patches of sand scattered along both sides of the river, but their days are evidently numbered. ‘The “ March of Improvement”’ will soon obliterate these favor- ite haunts, and with their destruction the species will, probably, disappear altogether from the Park. Of course, persons are not allowed | on the dam except by permission of Mr. Jno. On the same side of the river, midway be- tween the Girard Avenue and Columbia bridges, Ancylus rivularis makes its home during the Summer months. ‘This species also inhabits the lily ponds south of Horticultural Hall. In the river it should be sought for on submerged stones and bits of wood; in the ponds, under- neath the floating leaves. Good specimens of other species may also be gathered at various | points along this side of the river between the two bridges. The shore at Robinson’s knoll, near the mouth of the Wissahickon, though a favorite resort of collectors, yields but a few species. They are generally in good condition, however, and so are well worth looking for. In the Wissahickon above the dam I have taken num- bers of Planorbis parvus and Physa heterostro- pha, but have seen no other species in the vicinity. It is said that at least two species of Am- nicola flourish among the stones higher up the stream, and this statement may be correct, though I have searched for them there many times without success. Of the western side of the river from Chamouni to Columbia bridge I know very little. The same may be said in regard to the shores of Peter’s Island. Still, as the littoral conditions of this island appear from a distance much like those of the adjacent island known as Belmont Landing, I would not be surprised to learn that a number of species, including several of the genus (70, were living there. But however plentiful they may prove to be, it is hardly probable that they will surpass in numbers or perfection those strewn at times upon the river shore of the last named island. A few days ago Mr. John H. Campbell and myself collected here a majority of the species I have named, together with (720 comflanatus, Unio nasutus, and Anodonta fluviatilis. All were what are known as “dead shells,” but as they had been driven under the bushes by the steamboat waves, and thus not exposed to the sun, the most of them were in excellent condi- tion; both species of 7v7para being unusually large and fine. ‘The localities referred to are near the ends of the island, both the upper and the lower, although several species can always be found on the little sand slip adjoining the north side of the wharf. The Somatogyrus THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ -: EXCHANGE. 41 altilis in the Philadelphia collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences were gathered here, and it is probable that no finer specimens inhabit the river. I have never seen a living specimen of JZa7- garitana undulata within the Park limits, though its presence near the “ Falls” has been reported. Linnea catascopium, another species common to the lower portions of the river, are, I think, absolutely unknown above Fairmount dam. There appears to be something in the ebb and flow of the tides which is necessary to the ex- istence of this species, if not to that of JZ undulata, also. In conclusion I will add that pure olive orl applied to “dead” fresh water shells will, in most instances, restore their natural colors, and at the same time prevent the epidermis from cracking ; a mishap that leaves a shell as un- natural as it is unsightly. VALVES. Mr. E. J. Smith, of Natick, Mass., claims to have found a specimen of Litforina Littorea, measuring 143 inches in length, and several others nearly as large, on a reef called the ‘* Dry Breakers,” at Beverly, Mass. The following extract from a letter received from Mr. Royal Holbrook, a member of ‘‘Con- chologists’ Exchange Club, No. 1,’ will show what may be done by active young searchers for shells. * * * “J have about 125 specimens, “(H. multilineata, Say), which I gathered in “the following way: Opposite Winona across “the lake, and next to the bluffs is a large “meadow which contains an abundant supply “of land snails, as well as many Pupas. “There is also a spring, and from this is “a ditch leading from it to the lake. Last “« Spring, when the frost was coming out of the “ground, I visited this place and found the “Helices upheaved from the earth into the “ditch, and on its sides, and I found also that “they hibernated in clusters of ten to fifteen in “a single place.” Young men and women under 18 years of age are charged a membership fee of but one shilling per annum in The Natural History Association of New South Wales, and are al- | | lowed every advantage enjoyed by older mem- bers, who are charged five shillings. ° The following new species of land and fresh- water shells from Maclay Coast, New Guinea, were found by Baron Maclay and named by John Brazier, F. L. S.: Helix (Geotrochus) Maclayana, Helix ( Geotrochus) Gorenduensts ; Flelix (Rhysota) Achilles ; Melania Wallorien- sis; Paludina Kowtayiensis, A new Onchi- dium, O. chameleon, Brazier, was found at Lane Cove River, Port, Jackson, N.S. Wales; also, anew Bulimus, 4. Rossttex?, Brazier, was tound at Nehone Bay, Northwest coast of New Cal- edonia both of which were described by Mr. Brazier, Mr. C. A. Hargrave of Danville, Ind., writes that he met with great success on a collecting trip along the Wabash River at Montezuma, Ind., lately, and secured a half-bushel of Unios of different species in a short time. Changes of P. O. address: George W. Puterbaugh from Greenfield, Ind., to Elkhart, Ind. J. M Henderson from Lawrenceville, N, J.,to Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. Zagtvange Colunn. Terms to NON-SUBSCRIBERS, which must be cash with order, are as follows: Exchanges of 20 words, including address, 10 cents; for each addi-| tional 10 words the charge will be 5 cents. No ex- change will be inserted for less than 10 cents. Each subscriber to Volume II, will have the privi- lege of inserting three (3) free exchanges of twenty- five (25) words each, including address, This rule is made to include those who have already subscribed in good faith at the old rate, 85 cents, or those who have received ““New Subscription” blanks and are engaged in soliciting subscriptions at the former price. Wanted.—South American land and fresh-water Shells. Offered.icCeylonese, Indian and _ others Send list. MISS LINTER, Arragon Close, Twicken- ham, England. Offered.—Cyprea helvola, erosa; Harpa ventri- cosa; Nassa reticulata, variabilis; Trochus cinera- rius, exiguus; Gibbula Richardi; Patella Lusi- tanica; Phasianella Kochii. G. W. MICHAEL, Jr., Morro, Cal, 42 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. Offered.—Land, Fresh-water and Marine Shells, and Devonian Fossils. Wanted.—Mollusca, pre- ferably Mesodon, Zonites and Pupa. L, B. ELLIOTT, Box 1805, Lowa City, lowa. Offered. —Botanical and Conchological Specimens, Books, &c. for Books, Papers, Specimens in Conchol- ogy, Botany, Microscopy and Entomology. Shells are mostly from California and Europe. Plants from Connecticut. G.R. LUMSDEN, 54 Second St., Norwich, Conn. Wanted.—In exchange, Indian Arrow-heads and Bird Eggs for Land, Fresh-water and Sea Shells or | Bird Eggs. CASPER LOUCKS, York, Pa. Wanted.—In perfect condition, with localities :— CYPRZA aurantium, nivosa, exusta, Scotti, thersi- tes, tessellata, physis, eglantina, fusco-dentata and umbilicata. MUREX, Saulie, palma-rosie and tenu- ispina. OLIVA, angulata, maura, Melchersi, por- phyria, tenebrosa, tremulina. STROMBUS guttatus, latissimus and melanostomus. VOLUTA, fulgetra, junonia, imperialis, magnifica, reticulata, Rossiniana | and rare Asiatic, Australian, African and South American Bulimi, Helicidee and Unionide. Offered.—50 species of Tertiary and other Fossils from Southern States and Europe, Woodward s Man- ual of the Mollusca 75 edition: Leidy’s Memoir of the Extinct Sloth Tribe, N. A.; Lea’s Syn. of Family of Naiades, ’52 edition: Hays’ Descrip. Inf. Max’y Bones of Mastodons, 10 plates: Agassiz and Gould’s Comp. Physiology, Bohn’s edition: Coultas, Prin. Botany, Cryptogamia: lLea’s on a Fossil Saurian of the New Red Sandstone Formt’n;. Lesquereux’s Cretaceus Flora, 50 plates, Smith’s Mis. Col. Vol. 4, Neuroptera, Vol. 6 Diptera and Coleoptera, 3 pp out, uncut, or any of the shells on my Price List which T may have in duplicate. Parties not having any of the shells wanted above, need not apply. W. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Phila. _ Offers requested in exchange for many of the smaller mollusks of the waters south of Hatteras. Exchange List ready. W.H. RUSH, M. D., 1808 Green Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Offered.—Fine specimens marine-and land shells for perfect echinoderms. Land and_ fresh-water shells from the South and Southwest for reptiles in alcohol, D. W. FERGUSON, 138 Wilson St., Brook- lyn, N. Y. Offered.—15 species Unios, including Aberti, pur- puratus, Schooleraftii, and subrostratus, 5 species Anodonta. Fossil Oyster Shells. Satisfaction guar- anteed. Send list. FRANK J. FORD, Wichita, Kan. Fine Books for Sale. S@OLRDLONE. FORICASH: Tryon, Geo. W. Jr. Structural and Systematic Conchology, and, also, Manual of Conchology. ‘The latest works for Conchol- ogists. Subscriptions taken and filled. Cir- culars sent on application. SPECIAL Noricr :—Second-hand copies of Try- on’s Structural and Systematic Conchology for sale at $5.00—Cash. Postage prepaid. Woodward. Manual of the Mollusca, with Appendix, by Ralph Tate. 642 pp: 23 plates, 441 figures, 270 illustrations. London, 1880 edition. Price $2.50, postpaid. Formerly, $2.60. The same, 1875 edition, $2.00 postpaid. Random Notes on Natural History. This journal, now out of print, is rapidly be- coming scarce. We offer the back numbers containing the previous chapters of Mr. H. F. Carpenter’s very instructive article upon “The Shell Bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,’ Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.’s “Check Lists of Shells,’”’ besides numerous articles of interest to the conchologist, at the following prices : Vol. I, complete, oa) Eas O Vol. I, minus Nos.1 and 2,. 1 oO Vol uleycompleteyn.| enc. I 00 Vc' III, complete, 75 Postage extra in each case at the rate of six (6) cents per volume. Keep, Josiah, West Coast Shells. The latest work on California and other West Coast Mollusca. Price $1.75, post-paid. See advertisement Synonymy of the Species of Strepo- matidee, (Melanians) of the United States. By Geo. W. Tryon, Jr. Price in cloth, $2; Paper, $1.75, post-paid. List of American Writers on Recent Conchology, with Titles of their memoirs and Dates of Publication. By George W. Tryon, Jr. Cloth, $2; paper, $1.75 post-paid. The Conchologists’ Exchange CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S. A. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 43 _ EXCHANGE BOX, No.1. For $1.00 We will send, postpaid, a neatly packed box of Shelis containing 380 different species, and 150 specimens especially selected and adapted for trading. A collec- tion for yourself and lots to trade. ALL NAMED AND LOCALIZED. ADDEESS The Conchologists’ Exchange, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. a Ds NATIONAL EDUCATOR, Published Semi-monthly at ALLENTOWN, PA. A. R. HORNE, A. M., D.D., Editor and Publisher, | Helix (Aglaia) fidelis, Gray, Oregon. The NATIONAL EDUCATOR has been i WEST COAST SHELLS. edited by its proprietor, A. R. HorN®, continuously twenty-seven years—longer than any educational By Prof. Josiah Keep, Mills College, Galifomnia: journal in this country has been under the same ae Pa ; z editorial management. It is devoted to common- A familiar description of the Marine, Fresh sense ideas in education, whether they be new or | Water and Land Mollusks, found in the United old. Its series of articles on “Experiments in the Nips Fipa Vivace > a Key, siographical Index of Naturalists, five cents a year, puyuble whenever the subscriber is | anda Check List are added. Beautifully printed ready. Send for sample copies. and bound. Price, postpaid, $1.75. A. R. HORNE Bancroft Brothers & Co., Publishers 32 5 : = r E ? ? Po} Editor and Publisher, Market St., San Francisco, Cal. Allentown, Pa. Please mention this paper. ANTED—ODD NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF ‘Random Notes on Natural History,” containing Mr. H. F. Car- penter’s article on ‘‘ The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,” for which good prices will be paid. The Concho. Ex., Chest. Hill, Phila. 44 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. WE HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE NAMING OF SHELLS AT THE LOW PRICE OF 10 CENTS PER SPECIES.” THIS) OES NOT INCLUDE TRANSE GE: TATION WHICH MUST IN ALL CASES BE. PAID BY SENDER. ADDRESS All specimens compared with those in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia. The Conchologists’ Eixchange, Chestnut Hill, Puiedelpe Par 1,000 Species | EOR). SAMIDE) LAND, FLUVIATILE AND MARINE Price, $5.50. SH ELLS ONE COPY, RANG AND SOULEYET, PTEROPODS. . AMERICAN AND FOREIGN W. H. RUSH, 7,000 ee Fine, 1308 Green St., Philadelphia, Pa. 300, oa a ue EGGS Address P. O. Box 117, BI R D S’ SKINS | EYES Santa Barbara, Cal. TIE WEST AMERIC AN EGG DRILLS, BLOW PIPES, INSECT SCIENTIST | PINS, AND ADE Supplies for Naturalists This Journal, established in 1884, begins a new | . . and Taxidermists. volume as a 24-page illustrated monthly magazine of | | ALSO POPULAR SCIENCE. | \ = < 1 2 ~MINERALS AND SHELLS A feature consists of articles on topography and : 1 A Se Rtas natural history of Upper and Lower California, | Z - : Send for Catalogues. Eminent Scientists are contributors. Price $1.00 | ee cat ae a | AES SOULE Ree months’ trial eeeeiption pore wanted. ©. R ORCUTT oEnres Natural History Store. Providence, R. I. San Diego, Cal. CRAIG, FINLEY & CO., PRS., 1020 ARCH ST., PHILA. Che Conchologists' Cechange COPYRIGHT SECURED. Wor. rl CHESENUT Hiiticy PHILADEPHIA. PAT OCTOBER, 1887. No. 4. Ned. SA A Publication designed for Conchologists Scientists generally. ISSUED MONTHLY BY WM. D. AVERELL, Epvitor anp PustisHEerR 8a5- Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their habits, localities, ete., kindly solicited from all. Matter for publication must be received by the tenth of each month. and TERMS: Subscription, Volume II. - - Single copies, 5 cents each. Remittances should be sent by Money Order, Postal Note, or by Registered Letter. Unused United States Postage Stamps will be received in amounts of $1.00 in payment of bills. Address all correspondence to WM. D. AVERELL, Editor and Publisher, Chestnut Hill. 50 ets. Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A. ADVERTISING RATES. One inch, displayed, 1 month............... $ 50 One inch, displayed, 3 months............. 1 00 One-half column, displayed, | month... 2 00 One-half column, displayed, 3 months. 4 00 One column, displayed, ] month.....,.... 4 00 One column, displayed, 3 monies Piene-ss: 8 00 Entered at the Post- office at Philadelphia, Pa., as second-class EAS SUBSCRIPTIONS TO VOLUME I ARE NOW DUE. FOR EXPIRATION OF SUBSCRIPTION SEE DATE ON WRAPPER. ONCHOLOGY to be made eeiaaly ee ( must have the unqualified support of all its admirers and students. Successful study in this most useful and instructive branch of Natural History, can only be accom- plished by research of the plodding kind, by patience as vast as the regiorifto be explored, and by self-sacrifice as noble as that of the martyrs of old. It is of this last we wish to | | | speak, of a sacrifice of self which enables a man to be content with a small amount of work well done and really valuable, rather than the per- sistent nursing of that spirit of controversy which daily adds tier after tier to the Tower of Synonymy. The young student of Conchology is too badly entangled now with synonyms oad with the rival Gime of Professor This and Doctor That. What we desire to see as one of the first steps towards improvement, is the com- pilation of a complete Analytical Key, such as is used in Botany, and after the plan of Dr. Ruschenberger, who carried it to the Orders. Great is the task, but greater will be the honor conferred. Berore the streams freeze it would be well for our younger readers to avail themselves of the mild weather and secure recruits for the Winter aquarium. There is no better instructor in Conchology than 4 well-managed ‘‘ water garden,” for there you may see not only the shell, but its tenant, while living and active. One of the interesting sights in a shell aqua- rium is to watch a Lymnza eating the Cov- fervve upon the sides of the vessel. A dry gar- den for land shells, such as Helix, Pupa, &c., may also be attempted. Care should be taken to keep the aquarium from freezing. WHEN answering advyertisemefts do not fail to mention THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. It asks of its readers a careful perusal of its ad- vertising columns and a frequent use of the, menu there set forth. Don’? forget to tell your friends that if they wish to do you a favor, they should subscribe to THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, and help us to illustrate it in the future. IF you wish to secure our paper at 35 cents per annum, form a Club of five subscribers in- cluding yourself. . = : REMEMBER the watch-word—Subscribe. 46 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE ISLAND. * BY HORACE F. CARPENTER. meet 18 Genus Meesnicra Conrad—1867. “Conrad’s Catalogue of the Family Solen- idze”’ gives but three species of the genus Meso- pleura, one of which inhabits Java, one Cali- fornia, and the other the Atlantic Coast of the United States: this is Mesopleura centraiis, Say. Shell small and delicate, transversely oblong- oval; surface smooth in the centre and wrinkled concentrically at each end; a reddish stripe or band passes from the umbones across the valves, which can be seen through the shell from the inside; epidermis pale yellowish; in- terior smooth and shining; hinge teeth nearly central, Length, one anda half. inches; height, one-half inch: breadth, seven-twentieths. This species is of southern distribution, and is never found north of Cape Cod. ‘There is a difference of opinion among Conchologists whether or not this species is identical with the European Solen divisus, Spengler, 1794. If they are the same, its name should be that of Spengler, a shell with several synonyms, such as, fragilis, Pult, 1799; bidens, Chemn, 1795 ; divesa, Gray, &c., &c. Our species was de- scribed by Say in Journ. Acad. Nat. Science, Phila., 11: ya6, 1822. Gould says, “ It.is occasionally found at New Bedford and other places in Buzzards Bay. It is rather common about Rhode Island.’ I “have never been able to find a single specimen or even a piece of a valve in this State. Per- haps he meant the Is!and of Rhode Island, and as I have not examined the eastern shore of Middletown, opposite Little Compton and Tiverton, I give him the benefit of the doubt. FAMILY SAXICAVID. gaping at both ex hinge with one cardinal tooth; liga- Shell equivalve, thick, tremities ; ment external, prominent, solid. Siphons of the animal, large, elongated, covered with a thick skin, the orifices fringed. There are three genera with about thirty species. Genus Saxicava, Fleurian de Bellevue, 1802. Shell, when young, with two minute teeth in each valve; toothless when adult. The Saxicavids are found in crevices of rocks and roots of sea weed, moored by a byssus of threads spun by the foot of the animal Also found on oysters, adhering to the irregularities of the surface. ‘They also bore like the Pholas into clay, peat and even into limestone, but more frequently occupy a habitation previously excavated by some other species. 748.— Saxicava rugosa, Linn, 1767. 4 5 ) ) Syns: Mytilus rugosus, Linn. Mya arctica, Linn, Shell oblong-oval, rough, irregular in shape, white, inequivalve -and inequilateral, gaping ; the posterior end sometimes rounded and some- times truncated ; epidermis dingy yellow, thin; beaks prominent, from which two ridges ran along the posterior slope, one near the margin, and the other to the lower angle; in some specimens these ridges are armed with spines ; valves generally toothless, but sometimes with a rudimentary tooth in one valve and a corre- sponding pit in the other. Length, one inch; height, three-fifths; breadth, two-fifths. No description of this species can be given that is not liable to mislead. It is more varia- ble in shape than any other shell known, and a list of its synonymy would be discouraging to a novice; fifteen or more species, placed in five different genera, and even put in different families, have been made from varieties of this species. Binney thinks there are two species in New England, rugosa and arctica, the latter a north- ern species, inhabiting Europe as well as Amer- ica. Tryon, on the other hand, includes both species under Saxicava arctica. Linnzeus also de- scribed in 1767. . Habitat, Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of NortlggAmerica; northern coasts of Europe to the M@diterranean. “Common from Mass. Bay to Labrador, from low water mark THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 47 to fifty fathoms or more,” (Verrill.) It is not uncommon in Long Island Sound, but I have not yet observed it in Rhode Island. The other two genera of the Saxicavidze family are Panopzea, with eleven species, and Cyrtodaria with two. Panopzea Norvegica, Spengler, and Cyrtodaria siliqua, Chem., both large, rough and coarse shells, inhabit New England to the banks of Newfoundland, but is not found south of Cape Cod. FAMILY MY ACID. Shell transverse, gaping at both ends; left valve with a single, broad, erect tooth, received into a pit in the opposite valve. Animal with the mantle almost entirely closed; siphons united, partly or wholly retractile. | A small family composed of three genera; Tugonia, with six species, all inhabiting the West Coast of Africa; Platyodon, with one species, inhab- iting California, and Mya, with three species. Genus Mya, Linné, 1740. Although the genus consists of but three species, the individuals composing ove of these species are the most numerous and_ prolific of all known shells. This species, inhabiting the whole of Northern Europe, Asia and Amer- ica, 1S 149. — Mya arenaria, Linné, 1767. Syns: Mya mercenaria, Say, 1822. ~Mya acuta Say, 1822. , Shell ovate, equivalve, gaping at both ex- tremities ; surface chalky white, covered by a thin, rusty brown, wrinkled epidermis; beaks small, pointed curved forwards; an erect tooth in the left valve fits into a deep excavation in the right valve directly under the beaks, Length, five inches; height, three inches; breadth, two inches. This species is called the Gaper, Old Maid and Clam, ‘In Greenland they form the principal food of the Walrus, the Arctic Fox and various birds. A Clam Bake is one of the peculiar institutions of Rhode Island. Whether clams are more abundant, or of better quality in Rhode Island than else- where, I cannot say, but they do not seem to be used as an article of food to any great extent outside of our little State. Hundreds of bushels are baked and consumed daily during the Sum- mer at our shore resorts, and there are several places in Providence where they may be ob- tained, boiled, fried or steamed, every day in the year. Notwithstanding the immense run on their banks, the supply is never exhausted, and no perceptible dimunition in their number is observed. Although the specific name, arenaria, means ‘‘of or pertaining to sand,” they are. found just as plentifully in mud or among stones as in sandy places. They inhabit from half tide to forty fathoms in depth, about a foot below the surface; the animals are provided with a very extensile tube, which extends to the surface through which they obtain their food, as explained under the description of Class Pelecypoda, on page 18, Vol. II. John Winthrop, in Journal of the Royal So- ciety, 1634, says, ‘“ These clams feed only on sand,” but their real business in life is, to purify our waters, by absorbing all manner of organic or inorganic matters, which would otherwise, by its accumulation, poison the air, destroy our fish, and render existence intolerable in the vicinity of our beautiful shore resorts.”’ The term clam is applied to this species only in New England. The Indian name was sickishuog. The Chinese call it Tsega. In New York and farther south a clam means what we call a quahog, Venus mercenaria, but the original owner of this name is a ponderous biva ve of the Pacific Coral Lagoons, Tridacna gigas, a small valve. of which may be seen hanging over the door of an oyster saloon on College St., in Providence, I have seen a pair of valves of this species measuring two feet across, and weighing about five hundred pounds, used for a holy water font, in the Church of St. Sulpice, in Paris. Another species, Mya truncata, much re- sembling our clam, excepting that the posterior end of the shell appears as if chopped off or truncated, is common from Cape Cod, north- wards to the Arctic seas, but is not found south of the Cape. To be Continua. 48 THE CHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MER- CER CO., ILL. BY WILLIAM A. MARSH. : (Continued. ) FAMILY CORBICULAD-. SPHASRIUM AND PISIDIUM. The family Corbiculadze is divided into six genera, as follows: 1 Corbicula, Megerle; 2 Batissa, Gray; 3 Velorita, Gray; 4 Cyrena, | Lamarck; 5 Sphzerium, Spe 6 Pisidium, Pfeiffer. Bafiess and Vv elorita are not repre- sented on this Continent. Only two genera are represented in Mercer County, viz: Sphve- rium and Pisidium, seven species being found of the former and three of. the latter. The animal of Sphzerium is oval, lobes of the mantle simple, united pesteriorly, and terminating in two syphons joined at the base without tentacles, “mouth oval, small tentacles of the mouth short and narrow. Gills rather broad, nearly equal, united behind the foot, which is narrow and elongated. The shell of Sphzerium is oval, nearly equilateral, beaks somewhat prominent, hinge margin narrow, with two primary teeth in each valve, lateral teeth elongated, pallial impression simple, ligament external, narrow, and situated on the longer portion of the shell. ‘The species composing the genera, Spheerium and Pisidium are small bivalves found: in all our creeks and in the Mississippi River, also in the numerous sloughs and small lakes of our county. Like our Uniones, some species are more active than others; some are abundant, while others are rare 58.—Spherium sulcatun, Lamarck. ‘This fine species, as found here, varies some- what from typical forms. It is usually trans- versely oval, nearly equilateral, rounded ante- riorly, pointed posteriorly, slightly curved at base, valves convex, beaks full, and raised above the outline of the shell, with coarse and regnlar sulcations. double in both valves. I have found this spe- cies, which is rare here, in two or three locali- ties in Pope and Edwards Creeks, and at the mouth of Edwards Creek in the Mississippi River, usually associated with s¢¢afinem and (Vr ANSUVCVSUM. 59:-—Spherium solidulum, Prime. Shell transversely inequilateral, sometimes slightly convex, sometimes com- pressed, beaks full, not prominent, anterior margin rounded, slightly angular posteriorly. Epidermis variable from dark brown to brown- ish yellow, sometimes greenish, interior dark _ blue, cardinal teeth double, lateral teeth large. This species somewhat resembles sz/ca¢uz, but is less elongated, less convex, more solid, with the sulcations rather coarser and more irregular. This shell is very rare here, as I have found it in but one locality, and that in Edwards Creek. elongated, 60.—Spherium striatinum, Lamarck, Shell rather thin, transversely elongated, sometimes inflated and somewhat compressed, inequilateral, rather rounded anteriorly, distend- ed posteriorly ; beaks full but not much raised, suleations variable, sometimes coarse, at times nearly smooth. * Epidermis greenish yellow to light brown, shell blue within; cardinal teeth double and very small. his well-known spe- cies is found rather commonly 1 in our creeks as well as in the river, and its sloughs and lakes. It is our most common Sphertum, and 1 fnd it very difficult to Separate from .S. so/idudume. It is found here hoth in deep and shallow water, in both swift and quiet water, and in the mud as well as in the sand and gravel. 67.—Spherium fayanum, Prime. a 2, ’ Shell rhombic, nearly equilateral, convex, thin, anterior and posterior margins very abrupt, beaks central, calyculate, approximate at apex. Cardinal teeth distinct; lateral teeth “long; shell blue within, strize hardly visible. Epider- mis light greenish horn color, often having a bright yellow band on the inferior margin. A rare and beautiful species, found only in Epidermis dark chestnut | the river and its sloughs, and the small lakes brown, interior light blue, cardinal teeth small, _ of the Bay Island. It, in some respects, favors THE - CONCHOLOGISTS! -{EXCHANGE: 49 S. ¢runcatum and S. partumium. It differs from the former in being more inflated, more angular, less round, beaks less central; and from the latter in being more equilateral, much more abrupt on the anterior and posterior mar- gins, more rounded at the base It is much larger, more elongated, and with a lighter col- ored epidermis. I find it usually associated with strzatinum and transversum. 62.—Spherium trancatum, Linsley. Shell rhombic orbicular, lenticular, thin pel- lucid, slightly inflated, nearly equilateral, an- terior margin rounded, posterior margin straight, beaks central, calyculate, and approximate at the apex, striz very delicate. Epidermis light green to dark brown. Cardinal teeth small, lateral teeth slender. I have neyer found this species in the vicinity of the river, but it. formerly occurred quite abundantly in all the small ponds along Pope ‘and Edwards Creeks. Three years ago, in the month of November, I collected over 2000 specimens of this shell in one small pond near Pope Creek, that had quite recently been drained, and the water all drawn off. This appears to be a very sluggish species, moving around but little, although it seems to like muddy situations. I never found it buried in the mud, nor have I ever seen the animal in motion. 63.—Spherium occidentale, Prime. Shell oval. small, pellucid, fragile, equilat- eral; margins rounded; valves slight, sometimes convex, at times rather depressed; beaks full, rounded and raised slightly, sulcations very fine. Epidermis varying from yellowish to brownish horn color. Cardinal teeth small; lateral teeth larger. This species is probably very rare here. Five years ago I found about 20 species ina small pool of still water near Pope Creek, in Cabeen’s timber, which is the only locality known to me. 64.—Spherium transversum, Say. Shell oblong, elongated, inequilateral, trans- lucent, anterior margin rounded, posterior mar- gin truncate; beaks prominent, calyculate; striae very fine. Epidermis greenish yellow, often of a darker shade over the beaks. Cardi- nal teeth compressed; lateral teeth long. This large and well-known species is com- monly found in the river and in its lakes and sloughs; and it is also found in Edwards Creek. The young specimens are very fragile. The species has a geographical range from New York to Texas. GENUS PISIDIUM, PFEIFFER Animal elongate oval, compressed laterally ; lobes of the mantle without tentacles, united posteriorly into a single, short syphonal tube ; tentacles of the mouth triangular, elongated ; gills of moderate size; foot small. The differ- ence in the sfed// of Pisidium, and that of Sphe- vium, consists mainly in the position of the beaks, which, in P%s¢dzz, are terminal, and in Spherium, generally central, dividing the hinge margin into equal portions. 65.—LPisidium conpressun, Prime. Shell solid, oblique, trigonal, triangular, in- flated; beaks small, but raised and distant, with a wing-shaped appendage on the summits; striz distinct and regular. Epidermis variable, yellow-brown, sometimes chestnut color. Car- dinal teeth small; lateral teeth short. This is our most common species, and is found very abundantly in the sloughs, and in the small lakes of the Bay Island. . The finest specimens are found in Sturgeon Bay, above New Boston, and in Swan Lake. During the Spring this species is very active, but in the Autumn it is seldom found. Owing to the pe- culiar wing appendages on its beaks, there is no difficulty in separating it from other species of this genus. 66.—Pisidium variabile, Prime. Shell heavy, oblique, inequilateral, inflated, subtruncate; beaks situated posteriorly, full, prominent, not approximate at apex ; #valves solid; strize regular and distinct. | Epidermis varying from straw color to greenish brown, darker anteriorly than posteriorly. Cardinal teeth united, small; lateral teeth short and heavy. ‘This species is by no means common 50 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ $ EXCHANGE. here. Some twenty specimens were found only, at the junction of the Lakey with the Hanneman Slough, near the Mississippi River, associated with Pesedtene compressum, and three or four specimens were found in Sturgeon Bay, above New Boston. 67.—Pisidium eguilaterale, Prime. Shell small, stout, heavy, somewhat inflated, rhomboidal, sub-equilateral ; posterior margin a little angular; anterior margin rounded; beaks central, large, prominent, rounded, not approxi- mate; valves solid and moderately convex ; strize fine; surface glossy. Epidermis variable, yellow, green, or brown. Cardinal teeth small; lateral teeth distinct. This species is very rare here, and I know of but one locality, a small pond near Pope Creek, where but a dozen spe- cimens were found, associated with Sphere accidentale. To be Continued. ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS IN THE TROPICS. — BY CHAS. T. SIMPSON. (Continued. ) But, it may be asked, is it possible that fresh- water mollusks may be carried from one place to another across the sea on trees? I believe they may. out and lodged along the rivers and torrents of tropical countries; and in the crevices of the bark of these trees many species of fresh-water shells finda home. Others live among the roots of living trees which are washed by the water Of streams. In Florida I have collected handfuls of Unio fuscatus and other species among,the matted roots of trees just under the surface of the water. Such trees, washed out and carried down stream, would take some of their molluscan inhabitants with them. Others, carried in floods, with broken, jagged limbs and loosened bark, would plow up quantities of mud and shells from the bottom and carry Great numbers of trees are washed . | them out to sea, Some such trees might drift into bays at the mouths of rivers in other coun- tries, and I have seen just such floating in the mouths of the Manatee and Caloosahatchee Rivers, in Florida. It must be remembered that all these rivers, during the rainy season, are only very slightly brackish, or even entirely fresh, throughout their estuary portions. Trees carried into such places, and bearing fresh-water shells, might be driven up and landed by tide and winds, and a colony of liv- ing inhabitants established. Many of the shallow bays along the coast of Florida become perfectly fresh during the rainy season, as some five feet of water falls there in three months, and the same thing no doubt occurs in other parts of the tropics where the rain-fall is much greater. In Florida these bays at such times connect with ponds of water on the flat lands, so that often for miles the whole country from the shore far inland is nearly covered with fresh water. At the south-western extremity of the State are found the Ten Thousand Islands, an in- numerable group scattered over a space of a hundred and fifty miles of coast separated by brackish channels through which the tide flows in and out, gradually becoming entirely fresh in the region of the Everglades. So there would be no trouble about landing a colony of fresh water snails on the Florida coast, and the only difficulty would be in bringing them across could they stand the drying and the salt water of the ocean? Everyone who has ever observed fresh-water mollusca knows that many species will go for a long time without water. Physas, Planorbis, Limnzeas, Paludinas as well as some of the. Ampullarias, and many others dry up in mud at the bottom of ponds and streams, and lie dormant until the rains come. In a small drain in the woods near Braedentown, Fla., I found numbers of Unio hebes buried in nearly dry sand, which must have remained dormant for nearly nine months of the year, as water only ran in it during the rainy season. Some of these were taken out, and survived for months thrown out in the yard in the full sunshine, and without rain. Many fresh-water species will live in brackish water, as is well known. Neritina reclivata, found in Florida, seems indifferent as to whether ne . THE ; CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 51 it lives in fresh water or that which is more or less salty, and N. lineolata, and macrastoma, which I found in Honduras in the mouths of rivers often extended into the sea. Planorbis tumidus was often found in slightly brackish water in Florida, and the [imnzas in the Bal- tic, and some places on the British coasts mingle with the Littorinas. Ampullaria caliginosa, a Mexican species, closely related to A depressa,if not identical with it, Planorbus tumidus, and Havanensis,* and a few other tropical species found to-day in the Southern States, may have been introduced, I think, in the manner of which I have spoken. Of course such voyages of living snails, with a successful termination, could only happen rarely, but it must be remembered that countless ages have elapsed since the present species have | occupied the earth. Of the 180 species of trees found in the State of Florida, fully one- third are natives of the West Indies or the American tropics, besides great numbers of shrubs and herbaceous plants, Of her ten or a dozen palms, nearly all are West Indian. The Royal Palm is found in South Florida, and growing on it the Dendrophylax, Lindeni, a | lovely orchis that I have seen on it in Utilla, both probably having made the voyage together, as I believe it grows on no other tree. If then a host of plants and trees from the tropics, among them a number of ferns and Epiphytal orchids of the tenderest character, and whose seeds would undoubtedly be destroyed by long | contact with salt water, have drifted across and become established in Florida, I do not see why afew land and fresh water species of shells might not do the same thing; and I should not be surprised if future and more careful search in the almost impenetrable wilds of South Florida would bring to light a large number of West Indian Land and Fresh-water mollusks. Certainly in this case it cannot be claimed that Florida has been connected with the Island of Cuba, the Bahamas, or any of the West In- dies in recent times, as the State has been up- heaved from the sea since the commencement of the tertiary epoch, and within the time of the present species has increased its area at the southern extremity by means of the corals. *Tdentified by Mr H.-A. Pilsby, who has madea special study of the genus Planorbis. Nor do I think the theory is reasonable that many of these shells have passed around into ‘Florida from Mexico by way of the southern shores of the Gulf States. Within a compara- tively limited time the land near the mouth of the Mississippi has been deposited by that stream, fillmg up a shallow estuary that extended far up the valley into a region too cold for most of these species to have survived in; besides, most of these tropical shells are not found in this regior? to-day, but in the southernmost part of Florida. Neither is it probable that they were brought there through the agency of man, as Southern Florida is an almost uninhab- ited wilderness, and has been so since the com- mencement of its history. I have spoken in this article, of shells being introduced into Florida, because I am most familiar with it and its shell fauna, but numbers of similar instances could be given all over the tropics. Ogallala, Neb., Aug. 8, 1887. Concluded, ON A NEW FLORIDIAN NATICA. NATICA FORDIANA, N. S. Shell small, conic globose, white and shin- ing throughout ; whorls well rounded, plicately striate below the suture, where they are encir- cled by about six faint lineal sulcations, giving the spire and upper part of the body whorl a slightly decussated appearance ; suture well im- pressed, umbilicus open, bounded by a slight groove; columella only slightly callously thick- ened; operculum corneous. Length, 40 inches, diameter, 30 inches. Some twenty or more specimens of this fine little species were taken alive on sand flats in Sarasota Bay, Florida, by. the writer, during a severe norther ina locality only laid bare ty the heaviest storms, I had supposed it to be a form of A. semsulcata, Gray. This latter species is placed in the sec- tion Stignzaulax of the typical Naticas, a section with grooved whorls, but Mr, Tryon states that he had never seen the operculum of 4. semisulcata, and thought that it might possibly be a amma. My friend, Mr. John Ford, of the Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia, hav- 52 THE CONCHOLOGSSTS’ EXCHANGE. ing carefully compared my shells with specimens of that species in the C ollection of the Acade- my, informs me that it is not that, but that it is certainly a new species. therefore, in naming it in his honor. Its corne- ous operculum places it in the sub-genus Neverita, and the want of a funiculum makes ita member of the section Lumatia. CuHas, T. SIMPSON. Ogallala, Neb., Sept. 1, 1887. STRIA. Raton, New Mexico, well, owns a natural gas aes : 5 . [here are 300 species of fossils in the famous steatite beds of Grundy Go., Ill. A storm and tidal wave occurred at Guaymas and San Blas, Mexico, lately. A Museum of Natural History is to be erect- ed at Coronado Beach, Cal. Parry’s Marmot, Sfermophelus arry, said to live nine months under the snow. is The common robin, 7urdus migratorius, was observed on the Mussel Creek, Idaho, 6000 feet above sea-level. It is announced that Professor Harvard, is to marry Wellesley College. Palmer, President Freeman, of Ferns to the number of 129 species have been found on the Sandwich Islands, but 10 of which also inhabit North America. A rare Western plant, Wolfenia veniforimrs, Hook, has been found as late as June 28th in full bloom, near the snow at an altitude of 6000 feet. Rev. W. M. Beauchamp, of Baldwinsville, N_Y., lately read a paper of great merit upon Indian antiquities before the Pennsylvania His- torical Society of Philadelphia. I take great pleasure, | of | The Biological Class of the University of Pennsylvania, lately working in the West Indies, has returned with a great quantity of material. Emin Bey lately sent a large and valuable collection of Natural History specimens to the South Kensington Museum, London. Geo. H. Taylor, of Mobile, Ala., is now at work on the muds of Beaufort harbor, N. C., in search of microscopical material. A. H. Brecenfeld, Recording Secretary of the San Francisco Microscopical Society, has resigned, and has gone to San Diego. Milan possesses an 800 pound quartz crystal, 3% feet long, and 5% feet in circumference. The next meeting of the Amn. the Advancement of Science, will be held at Cleveland, ©. Professor E S. Morse, of Sa- lem, Mass., has retired from the Presidency. Ass’n. for Twenty-eight miles per hour, it is said, the fastest time made by any boat, and that’ - an Italian twin-screw torpedo boat. Senorita Matilda Montoya is the first Mexi- can woman to become a doctor. The proceeds of a bull-fight, originated by the young men of the City of Mexico, were devoted to the pur- chase of books and instruments for her. A new variety of Papilio rutulus, and named by Mr. James Behrens, var. Azmonz, has been found in Nevada by Herr v. Ammon, of San Francisco, after whom it was named. Also a new Catocala. named by Mr. Behrens, Catocala Elda, n. sp., found at Portland, ¢ Jregon.— Cana- dian ga October. Young Col ieee Corner, Shell Collecting. CHAS. T SIMPSON. lt is) the young, fashion, now-a-days, among the and some who are not so young, to THES CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE: On Gs spend a great deal of time and some money in collecting old postage stamps, tin tags and the like. What benefit can result from such col- lecting I cannot possibly see, unless it be to keep the persons so engaged out of mischief Yet there are large colléctions of tin tags held at a high money valuation in this country, and we have an organization of stamp collectors with regular officers, who meet and transact business. It seems to me that the time, money and en- ergy spent in such occupations could be far more profitably employed in making collections of natural history specimens in any of the many interesting departments Even if the collector had no aim in view except obtaining the largest possible number of species, it seems to me scarcely probable that he could get together a large collection in any department of natural history, without at least beginning to feel some interest in the study of the branch in which he was collecting, and, at any rate, his specimens might fall into the hands of some one who would make such a study and be benefited by it. But it seems to me that there are very many who fall far short of the highest aim in collect- ing shells. With many the idea seems only to be the obtaining of the greatest possible num- ber of species, while others wish only to make a fine show; and hence, desire only exactly matched pairs or triplets of shells, perfectly alike in form, sculpture and coloring. No doubt a large collection is always desirable, or extra fine specimens, and certainly anyone is justified in making as attractive-and showy a cabinet as possible. Yet I think the true stu- dent of Conchology has a higher aim in view than mere numbers or fancy specimens or sets. My shells are a set of tools to enable me to learn something of the science of Conchology; to assist in studying out the relationships of species, genera and families; the variations of species and varieties; the questions of geographical dis- tribution, and other kindred subjects. For this reason I had rather have two varieties of a species than the best matched pair in the world, as one is but a repetition of the other, and can teach nothing that the other does not. and to me a set of the different forms and colors of a species means much more than a hundred fine specimens which are all alike. Many persons in collecting utterly refuse to get or receive young shells, and yet I believe, where it is pos- sible, they should be always obtained, especially where they vary much in appearance or form from the adults. Many a hasty naturalist has given a name to the young of some well-known species, whereas, if he had only taken the trouble to collect a set of all ages, he might have saved the litera- ture of science another synonym. In collecting I believe it to be well to obtain every possible variety and variation; reversed forms, arrested growths, and monstrosities. Even worn shells are sometimes valuable, for there have been many species founded on such specimens, which, of course have to be relegat- ed to the synonymy. I always, when I can do no better, collect odd valves, worn specimens, or even broken shells, as I can learn some things from such specimens that I cannot “rom the best descriptions or figures. If one is fastidious about appearances, he can put these ‘‘black sheep” in an old cabinet somewhere by themselves, and my word for it, if he ever astonishes the scientific world with many discoveries, he will go to them for ex- amination and comparison quite often. Then let me say to young collectors, let your collecting go hand in hand with studying; carry your note-book wherever you go, on the sea- shore, by the streams, or in the forests; jot down carefully every fact connected with dis- tribution, habits, place and position of the mollusca that you may find, and such jottings may afterwards prove of great value to yoyprself and others; preserve the operculum of every species having one, and keep up a constant comparison among your species. Comparison was the chief point in Prof. Agassiz’s teaching, and no more successful teacher ‘ever lived. With careful study, as well as collecting, there is not a person interested anywhere who cannot add something to science or make valuable discoveries. Ovallala, Neb., Oct. 5, 1887. 54 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. NECROLOGY. Joseph Wilson, M. D., U.S. N., died March Ist, 1887, aged 40 years. Dr. Wilson was connected with Perry’s expedition to Japan, and was much interested in Natural History. He also made many contributions to the Cabinet of | the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila. He was the author of a work entitled “ Naval Hygiene,” published in 1879, a book of much merit. Dr. J. C. McCormick, Conchologist and Archeologist, of Strawberry Plains, Tenn., was killed on the 4th of Oct.,1887, by the col- lapse of an Indian mound which he was ex- ploring. VALVES. About 300 species of cowry (Cyfrea) are found in tropical and sub-tropical seas. Ovulum ( Volva) secale, Sowerby, a native of the Bahamas, feeds upon the polyps of Pero- gorgia setosa, Linn. The type specimen of Aulimus Rossitert, Brazier, New Caledonia, is deposited in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. _ Corrections :—Vol. 2, No. 3, page 28, BBG line from top, please read coves for caves; and on 27th line, 2d column, the word venezws should be read instead of revives. ; e The British Government levies a tax of £2 or $10 upon each specimen of Cyprea auran- fiw, Mtn., obtained for export. This accounts for the high prices at which this fine shell is held. Owing to the brittleness of Phastanella bult- motes, Lamarck, (a highly polished and very beautiful Australian shell related to 77ochus), it is very difficult to obtain perfect specimens. Mr. E. W. Roper, of Revere, Mass., upon a recent visit to Bethel, Me., reports that he found Planogyra asteriscus, (originally discovered there by Mr. Edward S. Morse, of Salem, Mass.), Hyalina ferrea, exigua, chersina, and lineata, Vitrina, limpida; Carychium exig- uum, Vertigo Gould, and simplex; Pupa fentodon and others. He found all these shells in the same kind of localities as Mr. Morse described 25 years ago. At Portland, Me., he reports having found the minute Seea pla- norbis, Rissoa occulens and Purpura lapillus. The following extract from Prof. Keep’s in- | teresting ‘‘West Coast Shells,” is a true index of the prevailing style: ‘At length I struck “upon a spot where a little stream of water was “oozing out from the bank of sand. As I “scraped away the surface, | saw something. “which would have made me dance for joy “had I not been weighed down by the long “boots. For there, in very truth, was a live “Olive, ( Ofivella biplicata, Sby.), with its grace- “ful shell shaped like Figure 20, and a beauti- “ful pearl-colored body. It quickly withdrew “this into the shell and closed the aperture “with a very insignificant scale, which seemed “*to be an apology for an operculum.” PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. ‘ 1. General Rules of The Natural History Ass’n, of New South Wales. 2. Description of a new Bulimus from New Caledonia. 3. Description of a new species of Onchidium. 4. New species of Land and Fresh-water Mol- lusca from Maclay-Coast and Triton Bay, New Guinea, collected by Baron Maclay. 5. Tro- chidz and other genera of South Australia, with their synonyms. Part 1. Nos. 2 to 5, by John Brazier, F. L.S We are indebted to Mr. Brazier for the above, and sincerely trust that his useful and valuable labors in Australia may be long continued and richly rewarded. List of Sea and Fresh-water Shells from Frank J. Ford, Wichita, Kan. Catalogue of the Central Normal College for 1886-87, also Cen- tral Normal Post for May, June, and July, August, 1887; also, List of Land and Fresh- water Shells found in the vicinity of Danville, Hendricks Co., Ind., collected by G. Dallas Lind, M. D., and Chas. A. Hargrave. From Chas. A. Hargrave, Sec’y. iAiheCONCHOBOGISTS! -peXCEHANGE: PALPI. YULE-TIDE is near, and you will need friends like Messrs. Porter & Coates, or you will miss it, as their well-stocked book shelves conclusively prove. Mr. George R. Nell, a gentleman of long experience in the book trade, will fill all orders, either directly or with what the miner tells you of the beauties un- derground? A sight of those for sale by our triend, | Mr. J. ©. Carr, will make you sorry for past indif- | ference. / Isn’r it about time to dust out that mysterious Christmas closet up stairs, to set a new combination for the lock, ke? You couldn’t begin the hoard with a nicer, cleanér work than Professor Keep’s “ West Coast Shells.’ It is written in the conversational style, which young students like so well, and Harry ‘or Madie, once the owner of it, will read it all the year round. day, that ‘‘he could do without the aid of THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.” A reference to our mail book shows that /e had received no sample copies for several months. Comment is unnecessary. WHERE the bees’ hive, there work is brisk. Mr. James M. Southwick writes, he is so busy he ean hardly turn around. Verbum sat sapienti Mr. JAMES SPENCER, Of Halifax, England, has a full line of Natural History goods for the inspection of his American patrons. He makes a specialty of micro-preparations of Coal Plants. SOME time since we thought we should have to stop selling our $1.00 Offers, as the profits were so close; but our friends insist upon another series, and we issue No, 7 in this number, No. 1 Exchange Box has wet with much favor. Our friend, Prof. Berlin H. Wright, now of Penn Yan, N. Y., but after November 1st, of Lake Helen, Fla., has everything to please you from a beautiful shell foe home in that American Orange Free State —Florida. THE neatest, smallest and most useful thing out, is the Return Request Letter Stamp, issued by The National Letter-Return Association, of Chicago, Il. We will send you circular for stamp, and can supply you with 120 stamps for 30 cents, 600 for $1.00. Try them and keep your letters out of the Dead Letter Office. Address The Conchologists’ Exchange. “T WOULD be very sorry to give it up;” ‘I have so many offers to exchange that I can’t accommodate them all, thanks to your paper;” “An excellent paper;” “My advertisement is doing good work. Searcely a day passes but I hear from new corre- spondents,” are a few of the many comments upon the usefulness of THE CoNCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, brought to us by every mail. offers. Terms to NON-SUBSCRIBERS, which must be cash with order, are as follows: Exchanges of 20 words, including address, 10 cents; for each addi- tional 10 words the charge will be 5 cents. No ex- change will be inserted for less than 10 cents. Offered.—Unio Anodoutoides, Lea; Helix Berlan- dieriana, Mor , Texasiana, Mor., thyroides, Say, lep- ovina, Gould; and other Texan shells for offers in Shells. W.W. WESTGATE, Houston, Texas Wanted.—South American land and fresh-water Shells. Offered.—Ceylonese, Indian and_ others Send list. MISS LINTER, Arragon Close, Twicken- ham, England. Offered.—Knorr: Horens en Schelpen; Sowerby : Thesaurus, Monograph Veneridse. Wanted.—Vol- umes of American Journal of Conchology, or other conchological books. M. M. SCHEPMAN, Rhoon, near Rotterdam, Holland. Five specimens of the fossil Leda truncata from the clays of the Champlain Period in Maine, for CHAS. A. DAVIS, Prof. Nat. Science, Alma, Mich. Wanted.—In perfect condition, with localities:— ~ CYPR.H®A aurantium, niyosa, exusta, Scotti, thersi- tes, tessellata, physis, eglantina, fusco-dentata and umbilicata. MURKEX, Saulie, palma-rosz and tenu- ispina. OLIVA, angulata, maura, Melchersi, por- phyria, tenebrosa, tremulina. STROMBUS guttatus, latissimus and melanostomus. VOLUTA, fulgetra, junonia, imperialis, magnifica, reticulata, Rossiniana and rare Asiatic, Australian, African and South American Bulimi, Helicide and Unionide, and conchological works of all kinds, Offered.—50 species of Tertiary and other Fossils from Southern States and Europe, Woodward's Man- ual of the Mollusea 75 edition: Leidy’s Memoir of the Extinct Sloth Tribe, N. A.; Lea’s Syn. of Family of Naiades, ’52 edition: Hays’ Descrip. Inf. Max’y Bones of Mastodons, 10 plates: ‘Agassiz and Gould’s Comp. Physiology, Bohn’s edition: Coultas, Prin. Botany, Cryptogamia: Lea’s on a Fossil Sauriav of the New Red Sandstone Formt’n; Lesquereux’s Cretaceous Flora, 50 plates, Smith’s Mis. Col. Vol. 4, Neuroptera, Vol. 6 Diptera and Coleoptera, 3 pp out, uncut, or any of the shells on my Price List which IT may have in duplicate. Parties not having any of the shells wanted above, need not apply. W. D. AVERELL, Chestnut Hill, Phila. Offered.—15 species Unios, including Aberti, pur- puratus, Schooleraftii, and subrostratus, 5 species Anodonta. Fossil Oyster Shells. Satisfaction guar- anteed. Send list. FRANK J. FORD, Wichita, Kan. 56 SEUSS: CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. Offered.—Cypriea helvola, erosa; Harpa ventri- cosa; Nassa reticulata, variabilis; Frochus cinera- rius, exiguus; Gibbula Richardi; tanica; Ppasianella Kochii. G. W. MICHAEL, Jr., Morro, Cal, Wanted.—Achatinella, Goniobasis and Spheri- wn. Offered.—Land, fresh-water and marine Mol- lusea. H.P Smith, + ustodian Cincinnati Society of Natural History, 108 Broadway, Cincinnati, Ohio. Offered.—Land and fresh-water shells, bird skins, fossils, &c., for minerals. Prof. A. TODD, Elk Head, Oregon. Offered —Geodes, Minerals and Sea-shells, for U. S. Stamps. C. 0. HENBEST, Marshall, Il]. Patella Lusi- | Sea- ie Coral and other marine curiosities to | exchange for offers in Natural History specimens. S. H. WITHERSPOON, Pulpit Harbor, Maine. Minerals fur same or nice, showy shells) MARY M. SPROWLS, Simpson’s Sture, Washington Co., Pa. for land and V. LEHMAN, Box 100, Tre- Coins, Stamps, anthracite fossils, ete, fresh-water shells. W. mont, Pa. papers, ete., for sea-shells and Mrs. L. ABBOTT, Ravens- Offered.— Books, other marine specimens. wood, Ill. Offered.—Fine Florida Shells and Curios for Nat- uralists’ Books, Tools or Microscopes. CHAS. 8. McPHERSON, Bonifacio, Florida. , Doll, Red-stone Buck-skin Tobacco Fresh-water and Marine Shells, Holy Land Relics and many miscellaneous curiosities. Wanted.—Land, Fresh-water and Ma- rine Shells, Relicsand Curiosities. THOS. E. ADDY, 54. N. Franklin St., Janesville, Wis. Oftfered.— Indian bos tt holder, Pipe-bowl, Bow and Arrows, Pouch, Moccasins, Land, Fine Books for Sale. SOLDIONLY HOR CASH: CONOHOLOGY. Trvon. Geo. W. Jr. STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC CONCHOLOGY, and, also, MAN- UAL OF CONCHOLOGY. The latest works for Conchologists. Subscriptions taken and _ filled. Circulars sent on application, SpreciaL Norice:—Seeond-hand copies of Tryon’s STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC CONCHOL- OGY for sale at $5.00—Cash. Postage prepaid. Woodward. MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA, with Appendix, by Ralph Tate, 642 pp: 23 plates, 441 figures, 270 illustrations London, 1880 edition. Price $2.50, postpaid. Formerly, $2.60. The same, 1875 edition, $1.60 postpaid. Keep, Josiah, \WEST COAST SHELLS. The latest work on California and other West Coast Mollusca. Especially adapted to young collectors. Price $1.75, postpaid, See advertisement. Synonymy of the Species of Strepoma- tidze, (Melanians) of the United States. By GEO. W.TRYON, JR. Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid. List of American Writers on Recent Con- chology, with Titles of their Memoirs and Dates of Publication. By GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr. Cloth, $2; paper, $1 75, postpaid. Monograph of the Order Pholadacea and other Papers. By GEO. W.TRYON, JR, Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid. Complete Writings on Recent and Fos- sil Conchology_ of C. S&S. Rafinesque. Edited by WM. G. BINNEY and GEO. W. TRY- ON, Jr. Cloth, $2.60, postpaid Descriptions of Shells of North Ameri- ea, with 68 colored plates. By THOMAS SAY, 1830-384. Price $10.50, postpaid. Ruschenberger’s Elements of Conchol- ogy from the rext of Milne-Edwards and Achille- Comte. ’43 edition, 25 cents pp.; °46 edition, 30 cents pp. SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY OF 4to, bds.,’52 edition. Price $2, post- Lea, Isane. NAIADES. paid. Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca of the United States. with illustrations ot all the species. By GEO. W. TRYON, Jr. Fine edition, plate paper, with duplicate plates colored and tinted, $20; colored edition, $13.50; plain edi- tion, $8.50. Bernardi, GALATEA ET? FISCHERIA, 49 pages, 10 plates, 42 beautifully colored figures, 4to, Paris, 1860. Slightly foxed. Wheatley’s copy. Price $4, postpaid, W.G. Binney. LAND AND FRESH WATER SHELLS OF NORTH AMERICA.—Part III. Pa- per, 128 pages, 232 figures. Price $1.00, postpaid. MISCELLANEOUS. Random Notes on Natural History. This journal, now out of print, is rapidly becoming scarce. We offer the back numbers containing the previous chapters of Mr. H. F. Carpenter's very instructive article upon ‘The Shell Bearing Mol- lusea of Rhode Island,’ Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.’s THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. On “I “Check List of Shells,” besides numerous articles of interest to the conchologist, at the following prices: Wolsiercompleties.” ; ==) «4. $1 50 Vol. I, minus Nos. 1 and 2, . 1 00 Vol. II, complete, ‘ 1 00 Vol. III, complete, 75° Postage extra in each case at the rate of six (6) cents per volume. American Journal of Science and Art. Vol. XT, 1876. Unbound. Complete $3.75, postpaid. ADDRESS The Conchologists’ Exchange CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S. A. OUR PREMIUM LIST. A CHANCE FOR WORKERS KEEN AND BRIGHT. Send $1.75 and the names of 5 subscribers, and we will forward to the originator of the club, $1.00’s worth of shells at List Prices. Prof. J. E. Kingsley’s ‘Naturalists’ Assistant,” 228 PREMIUMS IN SHELLS. To every person sending us before December J, 1887, the names and cash subscriptions (at the Club- Rate of 35 cents per annum), of 100 persons (new | Subscribers), a choice collection of shells consisting of 150 species and 500 specimens. To every person sending 50 names with the accom- panyiug cash a collection of 75-species and 250 speci- mens. To every person sending 25 names and the cash, will be sent a collection of 40 species and 125 speci- mens. . These offers consist of choice shells in fine condi tion with correct nameand locality in each instance; and will furnish numerous duplicates for exchange. A few of the genera from which the above will be selected are as follows: Nautilus, Murex, Neptunea, Pyrula, Cassidulus, Pleurotoma, Triton, Ranella, Nassa, Purpura. Cuma, Harpa, Oliva, Fasciolaria, Littorina, Goniobasis, Paludina, Ampullaria, Crepi- dula, Nerita, Neritina, Turbo, Trochus, Haliotis, Chiton, Helix, Bulimus, Achatina, Achatinella, Clausilia, Planorbis, Lymnza, Cyclostoma, Physa, Pholas, Mactra, Tellina, Donax, Venus, Cytherea, | Tapes, Cardium, Unio, Anodonta, Modiola, Arca, ' Pecten and others. pages, will be sent, post-paid, for $5.25 and the names | of 15 subscribers. Prof. Josiah Keep’s,‘‘ West Coast Shells” will be sent free for $8.75 and the names of 25 subscribers. Woodward’s “Manual of the Mollusca,” 1880 edi- tion, will be sent free for $10.50 and the names of 30 subscribers. Tryon’s “Structural and Systematic Conchology,” cheap edition, will be sent free for $17.50, and the names of 50 subscribers. Tryon’s “Monograph of the* Terrestrial Mollusca of the United States,” plain edition, will be sent free for $35 and fhe names of 100 subscribers. Sowerby’s “Genera of recent and Fossil Shells,’ 264 plates. 44-morocco, 2 volumes, 8vo. sent free for $52.50 and the names of 150 subseribers. AND LOOK 8a For $87.50 and the names of 250 subscribers, we will send, express prepaid, one of Queen’s Educational Microscopes, mounted upon a brass tripod stand, with adjustable eyepieces, object glasses and diaphragm complete. A fine chance for an active worker. | tion | | | | | These offers are made simply to increase the pop- ular interest in that beautiful and highly interesting study—Conchology, as well as to extend the subserip- list of Tuk ConcnonoGists’ EXCHANGE, a monthly publication to which every shell collector should subscribe. Special Notice. We have made 35 cents the price for Clubs of 5 or more subscribers, and in no case will individual subscriptions be received at less than the new rate of 50 cents. By request the above Lists will be held open until December 1, 1887,so that those who in- tend to subscribe will find it ta their advantage to forms Clubs of five or more and thus secure the benetit of the reduction. In addition to these splen- did Premiums every subscriber to Volume IT has a premium in the shape of three (3) free exchanges annually. Parties desiring to secure the benefits of the above truly liberal offers, must not keep the names of sub- seribers together with the subscriptions, until they have completed their list, but should send them as soon as received and we will keep an exact account of them. A COMMISSION of 30 perent. in CASH will be paid in lieu of the above premiums for all club sub- scriptions at the full rate of 50 cents per annum. Gn oo THE > CONCHOLOG ISTS’ - EXCHANGE.® $1.00. OFFER NO. 7. 10 Species (25 Specimens) of Choice | Shells. Sent by mail, securely packed, for $1.00. 116, Triton rubecula, L., Mauritius. 117. Gibbula rarilineata, Mich., Dellys, Al- geria. ‘ *118. Melampus olivaceus, Cpr., San Diego, Cal. 119, Liocardium substriatum, Con., San Di- ego, Cal. 120. ‘Clausilia Lampedusa, Calc., Italy. ‘y21. Helix muralis, Miill., Sciacca, Sicily. 122. Cyclostoma dentatum, Say, Key West, Fla *123. Fluminicola virens, Lea, Napa Co., Cal. *124. Nassa tegula, Say, Ruatan Islands, Hon- duras ; and 125. Bulimus Ziebmani, Pfr., Corumba_ Prov- ince, South America. For $1.00 We will send, postpaid, a neatly packed box of Shelis containing 380 different species, and 150 specimens especially selected and adapted for trading. A collec- .tion for yourself and lots to trade. ALL NAMED AND LOCALIZED. SCIENTIFIC PRINTING. Orders received for Scientific and other Printing, in all its branches. Labels, Catalogues, Mounting Cards, &c. Satisfaction Guaranteed. ANTED—ODD NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF ‘‘Random Notes on Natural History,” containing Mr. H. F. Car- penter’s article on ‘‘The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,”’ for which good prices will be paid. 15 cents in cash will be paid for copies of Nos. land 2 of Volume I, in good condition. Good prices paid, either in trade or cash, for Con- chological publications. ADDRESS The Conchologists’ Exchange, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. 60 Tine PORTER & COATES’ NEW BOOKS. THE HEART OF MERRIE ENG- LAND. JAMES 5. STONE, D: aes $1.75 At etter and more thougntful book of travels in the Mother C ountry has not appeared for a long time. Though “ to the manor born,” and consequently well acquainted with the manners and customs of her people, the greater portion of his life has been passed in the new world, and the author, ina recent trip to the old coun- try, walked through the green lanes and by- paths of ‘* Merrie England,” with all his love for the old world quickened by his life in the new, and the result has been a work of the greatest interest and value. By the Rev. DD 12mo. cloth, extra, THE CHILDREN OF SILENCE ; Or, the Story of the Deaf. By JoserH A. SrEiss, D. D., LL. D. Author of ‘“‘ Miracle in Stones,’ ‘“ Voices from Babylon,” ‘¢ Luther and the Reforma- tion,” etc. 12mo. cloth, extra, $1.00 THE STORE BOY; The Fortunes of Ben Barclay, 3y HORATIO ALGER, JR. Illustrated, 16mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.25 THE CAMP IN THE MOUNTAINS. By Epwarbp 8S. ELLIs. : Illustrated, 16mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.25 HOLIDAYS AT THE GRANGE; Or a Weex’s Delight of Sports and Games. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.00 900 CHESTNUT STREET, ' PHILADELPHIA. Please mention the Conchologists’ Exchange. CONGCHOROGISIES EXCHANGE. Flelix (Aglaia) fidelis, Gray, Oregon. By Prof.Josiah Keep, Mills College, California. A familiar description of the Marine, Fresh Water and Land Mollusks, found in the United States, West of the Rocky Mountains. 182 Illustrations, 230 pages. The frontispiece is a hand-painted engraving of the very rare and beautiful Surcula Carpentertana, Gabb. Yo aid in the stu¢ ay of Shells, the pronuncia- tion of the Latin names is indicated, and a Glos- sary, Key, Biographical Index of Naturalists, and a Check List are added. Beauti tfully printed and bound. Price, postpaid, $1.75. Bancroft Brothers & Co., Publishers, 532 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. Please mention this paper. 5 EGGS — BIRDS’ 8 EYES EGG DRILLS, BLOW PIRES, INSECE PINS ANDSALE Supplies for Naturalists and Taxidermists. 2 ALSO MINERALS AND SHELLS. Send for Catalogues. JAMES M. SOUTHWICK, Natural History Store, Providence, R. I. Che Conchologists Exchange. COPYRIGHT SECURED. Mor. lls CHESTNUT BILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., NOVEMBER, 1887. No. 5. A Monthly Publication designed for Conchologists and Scientists generally. Wm. D. Averell, Editor and Publisher. + THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE ISLAND. BY HORACE F. CARPENTER. Chapter XLI. FAMILY CORBULID/L. This family contains seven genera of shells with more than one hundred species. Two of these genera are represented in New England, each by a single species. Genus Corbula, Brug.—1792. The Corbulas or Basket-shells have one valve smaller than the other; the animals have a foot shaped like a finger, adapted to poke in the *sand and mud. ‘The shells are shaped like very young Mya’s, but do not gape like them. There are seventy-three recognized species, one of which inhabits Rhode Island. 150.—Corbula contracta, Say. Shell small, ovate-globose, white (covered with smooth, rounded, elevated, concentric lines,) shortest and rounded before, narrowed _and pointed a little behind; basal margin con- contracted and arched in the middle; hinge with one slender, upright tooth in each valve, fitting into a corresponding pit in the other; beaks prominent, inclined forwards; an angu- lar ridge runs from the beaks to the posterior end defining a broad rhomboidal space; left valve smaller than the right. Length, two- fifths of an inch; height, one-quarter ; breadth, one-fifth. This species was described by Thomas Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., ti, 312, 1822. Inhabits from Cape Cod to Florida. is said to be veryabundant in some places near low water in sand andmud. Perkins says he has dug it up alive from sand at low water near Savin Rock, New Haven, Conn. Verrill finds it in Vineyard Sound and Buzzard’s Bay in five to nineteen fathoms. Gould says it is abundant about Rhode Island, but I have not been fortunate enough to discover any of these large deposits; one living specimen obtained in dredging in the bay and two dead ones on shore is all that have rewarded my labors thus far. These shells might easily be mistaken for very young clams, but a close examination will disclose a very important feature, the right valve being larger than the left, the smaller valve shuts into the larger one when the shell is closed. I believe no other New England shell exhibits this peculiarity. Genus Nezra, Gray—18384. These beautiful shells are shaped like Corbu- las, but are provided with a produced rostrum or snout at the posterior end, to shelter the deli- cate fringed syphonsof the animal. The shells are thin and pearly, and are found only in deep water. There are twenty-two species, one of which inhabits New England. 151.—Neera pellucida, Stimp, 1854. Shell small, thin, sub-ovate, expanded before and contracted behind into ashort snout ; beaks small, placed a little in front of the middle ; surface pale white, smooth with faint striz of growth, quite distinct on the rostrum, interior smooth and glossy; teeth minute; epidermis white, sometimes pale greenish on the beaks 62 TE, CONCHOLOGISIS): EXCHANGE: and: brownish on the rostrum. Length, one- half an inch; height, three tenths, breadth, one-fifth. This, the first andonly species of this genus found on the Atlantic coast of North America, is accredited to New Brunswick in Conrad’s *« Catalogue of the Family Anatinidze.” ‘*New England, northwards,’ Tryon’s Am. Mar. Conch. 141. "in Family Myide. Now placed in Family Corbulidz. It was described by Wm Stimpson, in a pamphlet entitled “ The Inyertebrataof Grand Manan” in 1854. A spe- cimen@was taken from a haddock caught near Portland, Me. Another specimen was brought up by the dredge, off Long Island, from forty fathoms of water, in mud. FAMILY ANATINIDA, D’Orb., 1845. This is an immense family, containing thirteen living and twenty-six fossil genera. There are about 140 species living and over 400 fos- sil. There are five genera represented in New England. Genus Pandora, Brug.—1792. Shell inequivalve, thin, pearly within; right valve flat; left valve convex; syphons of the animal short, united, separated .only at the tips. 152.—Pandora trilineata, Say, 1822. Syns : » Pandora nasuta, Sby. Clidiopnora trilineata, Carp., 1864. Shell oblong - ovate, pearly white, round- ed before and with an ascending or re- curved tip behind; valves nearly flat, the left valve a little convex and the right one flat, leaving so little space that a novice would hard- ly believe that an animal could live between them; hinge placed at the posterior slope, which is very abrupt, and forms an obtuse an- gle with the hinge margin; hinge margin bounded on the edges by two rounded, elevated lines originating at the beaks and continued to the tip; there is also another faintly impressed line running across the valve from the beak to the middle of the base; on account of the pres- ence of these three lines, Say gave it its speci- fic name ; Sowerby also named it nasuta, from its tip which resembles an upturned nose. There are three teeth in the left or convex valve and two in the right or flat one ; interior irides- cent. Length, one and three-tenth inches; height, seven-tenths ; breadth, one sixth. A single valve of one of these shells was found by Say in Great Egg Harbor, N. J.; he afterwards found specimens in Georgia and Florida, and described them in the Journ Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila., 11: 261, 1822. It has been found as far North as Eastport and Grand Manan. Common in Buzzard’s Bay, Long Island Sound, ete. Gould says: ‘ Found about the sazdy regions of Cape Cod, and not unfrequently discovered adhering to oysters in the market.” We certainly have as good op- | portunities for examining oyster shells in Provi- dence as in any section of the country, but I have never been able to find one of these shells adhering to an oyster, nor have any specimens been discovered on any of our sazdy shores in Narragansett Bay. The only place where we find it is off Rumstick, at the mouth of Warren river, in fifteen to twenty fathoms wa- ter; the bottom here is soft mud, being the de- bris brought down by the Warren and Barring- ton rivers and deposited along the bottom of the Bay for half a mile or more from its mouth. In this fine mud live several species of shells not found except in similar situations. Genus Thracia, Leach—1824. There are twenty-seven species of this genus, two of which may inhabit Rhode Island. 153.—Thracia Conradi, Couthouy, 1838. Shell rounded-ovate, thin, light and fragile, posterior end narrow and truncated; beaks nearly central, very conspicuous, that of the right valve perforated to receive the point of the other; exterior ashy white with a_ thin brownish epidermis not covering the whole sur- face; surface rough, coarsely wrinkled by the lines of growth, underneath it is pearly ; interior chalky -white ; valves toothless, held together by the strong external ligament; right valve large and more convex that the left. Length, three to four. inches; height, two and ahalf; breadth, one and a half, ie - CONCHOLOGISIS! EXCHANGE: 63 This species was described by Couthouy in the Jour, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 11: 183, 1839. It is said to inhabit the whole New England coast. It is thrown up in storms on Chelsea Beach, containing the living animal. Gould says: « Single valves are found on R. I.” I have never seen one in our bay. A shell of this size, growing sometimes” to four inches in length, would not be easily overlooked; it is shaped much like a quahog, but its narrowed and truncated posterior would at once distin- guish it, without looking for the minor differ- ences, such as the convexity of one valve, the’ toothless hinge, etc. Verrill says: “ This species burrows so deeply in the mud or sand that it is seldom taken alive with the dredge.” 154.— Thracita truncata, Mighels and Adams. Shell small, ovate-triangular, compressed’ white, solid, beaks at the posterior fourth’ small, the right one excavated to receive the left ; surface covered with lines of growth; epider- mis pale yellowish; interior white; ligament large. Length, three-quarters; height, one- half ; breadth, three-tenths of aninch. Described by Mighels and Adams in the Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1v: 38, 1842. A deep waterspecies Rhode Island. not *yet found in Agassiz dredged it off Martha’s Vineyard. Inhabits from Long Island to Greenland. To be Continued. DESCRIPTION OF NORTH AMERICAN SHELLS. BY C. F. ANCEY. 1.—Helix Verrilli, Anc. Testa utrinque convexa, depressiuscula, niti- dula, sat minute umbilicata, subopalino-albida, subhyalina, in medio ultimi zona angusta fusca cincta. Spira depresso-conyexa, summo obtuso, nitido, leevigato , Anfractus fere 4%, modice et regulariter accrescentes, convexi, sutura 1m- pressa linearique divisi, supra (apice excepto) granis breviter piligeris regulariter in quincun- ciis dispositis infra evanidis prcediti? embryo- nali magno, haud papillatim producto, subtus regulariter convexo, nitido (striis incrementi vix perspicuis sculpto), ad aperturam leviter paulatimque antice descendente. Apertura sub-obliqua, emarginato-circularis, ad Casin prope columellam obscure subangulata. Peris- toma tenuiter expansum, ad columellam latius reflexum, album, umbilicum ptofundum ex parte subobtectans. Diam. maj., :17% 5 min., :15)4 ; alt., 1174 mill, Locality: Ventanas, Durango, N. W. Mex- ico. This beautiful shell, named after Prof. Ver- rill, belongs to subg, Leptarionta, Crosse.” It was collected by M. Forier and identified by Prof. Mousson as 4. Remondi, Tryon, from which it widely differs. Indeed, they do not seem to belong to the same group, as Verrilli is quite distinct in shape, color, texture, number of whorls, etc. It also differs much from another species, which has been erroneously re- ported ‘from Arizona, and subsequently found in Lower California by M. W. H. Gabb, and also more recently in the same peninsula by a French engineer, Mr. Cumenge, associated there with Leptobyrsus spirifer, Gabb, a much more common shell, at El Boleo on the coast opposite to Guaymas, in Sonora, viz: Helix Rowelli, Newcomb, in having a much smaller umbilicus, less depressed shell, higher body whorl, and the upper whorl not abruptly ele- vated above the level of the spire. 2.—Helix Levettet, Bland. Triodopsis Levettei, Blandin Ann. Sc.Ac.N, Y.ii, p. 115 (1880). The type was found in Santa Fe Canyon, New Mexico; thespecies has been subsequent- ly reported by Mr. W. G, Binney as found in the Huachuca Mountains, near Tucson, Arizo- na, (vide : Bulletin of the Museum of Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Dec., 1886, p. 36, pl. 1, fig. 15). The specimen figuredin the last said publication differs from the type as represented in the “ Manual of American Land Shells,” 1885 (p. 385, fig. 418), in having a slightly 64 THE -CONCHOLOGISES? EXCHANGE, broader posterior and a single bifid tooth (in- stead of two distinct ones) on the basal edge of | its peristome. I received the following forms—which ap- pear to’deserve a name as varieties—from Prof. J. H. Thomson, They are as the type from Santa Fe Canyon, New Mexico. I was in- formed the locality where they were found is now destroyed, being use as a “rancho”? for the cattle. Var. Zhomsoniana. Differt statura minore, numero anfractuum (51% nec 7), testa vix stria- tula, peristomate pierumque dilutiore, ultimo anfractu magis ad finem descendente et dente basali uno 72x bifido. Var. ovobena. Peratfinis preecedenti ; nume- ro anfractuum et statura persimilis; sed dis- crepat ultimo anfractu vix descendente ad ter- minationem, altiore; apertura majore et minus obliqua. 3-—flelix armigera, Anc. I avail myself of the opportunity I have now of writing about some of the American snails, to declare I consider now as distinct the form I had formerly described under the name of H. Columbiana var (?) armigera (var. armigera, err typ., in “le Naturaliste’’). It was formerly refered by Mr. W. G. Binney (in Manual of | American Land Shells, 1885, p. 474) to Steno- trema germanum and thought by this concholo- gist to be a variety major of the last, connecting this species with Mesodon Columbianus. Sub- sequently (December, 1886) he figured this form as Mesodon armigerus and expressed his opinion that it would be doubtless considered eventually as a distinct species. It appears to me to be distinct from both shells, either Steno- trema germanum or Mesodon Columbianus that Mr. Binney regarded in his last work as more close to it than S. germanum. 4.—Microphysa Ingersolli, Bland. Helix Ingersolli, Bland, in Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. York, xi, 151, fig. (1874): W. G. Binney, in Man. Am. Land Shells, 1885, -p. 170, ete. | Var. convexior, Anc. Testa paulo minor; spira haud planulata nec apice subimmersa, distincte convexa. Anfrac- tus modo 5 nec 5 %, regulariter sed minus lente , accrescentes. Umbilicus minor. Logan Canyon, Utah (Hemphill), This form differs very much from the type as figured by authors, and may perhaps in fu- ture prove to be a different species; if so, the name of cozvexiorv should be specific. 5—Falula strigosa, Gould. Helix strigosa, Gould, in Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H,, ii, 166 (1846). Var. Bruneri, Ancey (Helix (Anguispira) Bruneri, Ancey in Le Naturaliste, 111, p. 468, 1881). This shell (Bruneri) does not seem to me identical with the form Oquirrhensis, Hemphill MSS. (Binney in Bull. Comp. Zool., 1886, p. 34, pl. Ul, fig. 12), as suggested by Mr. Binney himself. It is much more flattened and the umbilicus is wider. The spiral ribs are also more obsolete and interrupted. At any rate, my name, published in 18382, should have the priority on that of Oquirrhensis, a MSS. name, published only last year. A number of the forms Binney regards as mere varieties of Patula strigosa, I look on as dis- tinct species; such are: Wasatchensis, Haydeni, Oquirrhensis, Hemphilli, Bruneri, Utahensis, peripherica (Ancey 1882—multicostata, Hemp- hill MSS., Binney, 1886), castanea, Gouldi, etc. The limit between what are universally considered as distinct species at the present time, is quite impossible to determine, should all these shells be regarded as mere local vari- ations of a single species. In Europe H., stri- gosa should be the head of a very protean group of sfeczes. In the fact, most of the so- called varieties are confined to very restricted areas, which may eventually confirm the opin- jon I expressed here. To be Continued. THE CONCHOLOGISTS? - EXCHANGE: 65 BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MER- CER CO., ILL. BY WILLIAM A. MARSH. (Continued. ) FAMILY VIVIPARID. This family is represented in Mercer County by three genera, viz: Vivipara, Lamarck, three species; Campeloma, Rafinesque, three species ; and Lioplax, Troschel, one species. GENUS VIVIPARA, LAMARCK. 68.— Vivipara intertexta, Say. Shell sub-globose, yellowish-green, olivaceous or dark brown, with many minute, obsolete revolving lines; spire depressed, conic, obtuse, truncated ; whorls five; suture deeply indented ; umbilicus only partially closed by the lateral ex- tension of the columella; sometimes ornamented with two or three plain bands, although usually without band. ‘This fine shell is rather common in all the sloughs near the river, and in the small lakes of the Bay Island. It was the opinion of some of our early conchologists that this species was only found in deep water, but my experience | teaches me differently. I find very fine live specimens in very shallow water, especially during certain seasons of the year, when this species is most active. In the Myers Slough I have collected many fine specimens in clear | It is found | water not three inches in depth. rather rarely in the river proper, but I occa- sionally find it under flat stones, associated with V. subpurpurea. here are two varieties here; the dark brown, and the light colored having a yellowish-green epidermis and usually ornamented with pale, rather obsolete bands. The last named variety is smaller in size. Often during sudden rises in the waters many specimens of this shell may be found clinging to the underside of pieces of bark, chips, or small sticks of wood floating near the margins of the sloughs and lakes. 69.—Vivipara subpurpurea, Say. Shell oblong, sub-globular, oval, thick and solid when adult; whorls five; sometimes wrinkled, often smooth and shining; spire slightly elongated ; suture impressed; epidermis variable, olivaceous, pale horn, yellowish-green, and sometimes with a purple tinge, often orna- mented with from three to five pale purple bands on the body whorl; aperture widest in the middle; interior of shell varying from pearly white to reddish purple; umbilicus in some specimens entirely closed, and in others only partially closed. The young and halfgrown of this species differ so much from the adult that it is very difficult to describe. As found here in the river it is variable, and during different stages of growth might easily be mistaken for more than one species. It is rather rare here, only being found in the Mississippiriver. The time to collect it is when the water is very low, when it is generally found attached to the under sur- face of flat rocks, and sometimes under logs that have lain a long time under water. I have never found it upon muddy bottoms, and it must be sought for where the current is usually rather strong, with plenty of sand, gravel and rocks at the bottom. Near the mouth of Ed- wards Creek, in the Mississippi, is the only lo- cality in which I have found this shell in any numbers. Itis likely that J. sebperpurea and V. intertexta are found the whole length of the Mississippi from Minnesota to Louisiana. 70.—Vivipara contectoides, WW. G. Binney. Shell elongate-ovate, rather thin, smooth, shining, growth lines delicate, greenish horn color to light brown, with longitudinal dark , lines marking the former peristome and orna- mented with four well defined brown bands re- volving around the body-whorls, only partially umbilicated ; apex, usually entire ; whorls, five, bulging, increasing very, rapidly in length, last whorl ventricose. Aperture sub-circular,oblique, white within, showing the bands plainly, which do not reach the edge of the aperture; peris- tome dark, thin, sometimes shining, somewhat reflected at the umbilicus. Found only in the Cowan and Bention Sloughs, below Neithsburg. This, our largest /7z¢para, often attains a large size. Remarkably fine specimens of this shell 66 Asus CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. have been collected by my son, Philip Marsh, in the Illinois River, in Peoria Lake and in the river at Beardstown, county. I have never found this species in the river, only in the sloughs near it, and it must be extremely rare as but a few dozen specimens have been ob- tained. Specimens of /zvipara from Europe labled V. Lister’, V. Lungare, V. vivipara and I’. contecta appear to me to be very closely allied to it. Cass GENUS CAMPELOMA, RAFINESQUE. 71.—Campeloma subsolida, Anthony. Shell ovate, imperforate, spire elongated, very thick and: heavy; sutures very distinct; whorls, from 6 to 7, sometimes rather flat, at times rounded and inflated. Epidermis light green to light brown when adult; aperture broad, ovate rounded before, angulated posteriorly, white within ; peristome continuous with heavy callous over parietal wall; margined with black epidermal tissue lines of growth very promi: nent. ‘This fine species is very abundant in the river and along the margins of our sloughs and lakes, always, “preferring muddy or very fine sandy bottom, and it is also found in all the small creeks of the county. In the sloughs it attains a large size, but it is very much smaller in the creeks. Where there is less lime and more iron ore, the creek specimens besides being much smaller, usually have a darker epi- dermis. Sometimes the river forms are malle- ate; and it is not unusual to find specimens with a reversed spire; and again, I have found that heterostrophic specimens average about one in every 200 collected. The animal of Campeloma seems to be effected by extreme heat and cold, and I have found vast numbers of dead specimens in the sloughs when, during the Summer, the water is very low and highly heated. The animal of this species usually begins to disappear by the middle of September, and buries itself deeply in the mud, where it hibernates until early Spring. 72.—Campeloma extlis, Anthony. Shell turreted, smooth, green; spire elevdted ; sutures well marked; thick; color light whorls from 6 to 7; aperture small, broad- ovate, livid within, sometimes white; umbilicus variable, either open or closed; whorls variable, either angular or flat; growth lines distinct. This species is regarded by many as identical with C. coarctata, Lam., while others claim it to be asexual counterpart of C. sebsolida, Anth. It is found here in but one locality, Sturgeon Bay, at the lower point of Bay Island, where it seems to be rather common. It is quite variable, as some specimens are found with a distinct pale revolving band encircling all the whorls, while many others haye the whorls very much angu- lated; and again, others are found with very flat whorls, 73.—Campeloma rufa, Haldeman. Shell imperforate, elongately ovate, thick, rather smooth, often polished and shining; growth lines sometimes rough; body-whorl often malleated; epidermis dark olive, shading to green; location of former peristomes dis- tinctly marked by dark brown or black sigmoid streaks, reddish under the epidermis; whorls 5 to 7, pinkish to the apex; slopingly convex, near the suture sometimes slightly angulated ; aperture slightly oblique, ovate, reddish within. This shell is rare here, only a few specimens having been found in two localities, viz: at the point of a small island at the junction of Lakey and Hanneman Sloughs, and near the outlet of Swan Lake, on the Bay Island. The few specimens obtained are, however, very much nearer typical than the majority of specimens in my cabinet from other localities, the rufous or reddish appearance of the epidermis, and the pinkish color of the entire apex in all stages of its growth, will readily distinguish this spe- cies from all others. GENUS-LIOPLAX, TROSCHEL. 74.—Lioplax subcarinata, Say. Shell varying from broad-oval to subcylindri- cal in form, thickness variable; color of epi- dermis ranging from light olive to light green, often shining; smooth, imperforate; whorls from 5 to 6, body-whorls rounded, sometimes subcarinate, remaining whorls carinate or sub- carinate, reticulated with striz and wrinkles ; sutures deeply impressed; whorls often entire THE * CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. 67 and carinate to apex; aperture oval and half the length of the shell. This fine shell is very common in all our river sloughs and small lakes, and is sometimes found in the river. It is a variable shell in respect to outline and the carination of its _ whorls. Sometimes all its whorls are carinate ; “again, the body-whorl is perfectly rounded. It is alee equally variable in regard to thickness, as often the body-whorl is very finely reticulat- ed with revolving striz, and at other times de- void of them. The habits of the animal seem to be very similar to those of Can:peloma. To be Continued NOTES UPON THE UNIONIDA OF SOUTHERN FLORIDA. BY DR. BER S. HART WRIGHT LIN H. WRIGHT. AND We w We have collected extensively of Uniones in the upper St. John’s River region during the past threg years, and have satisfied ourselves concerning certain points. Now we will give to the readers of THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ Ex- CHANGE the results. Unio Anthonyi, Lea. This shell is found in the St John’s River, in the vicinity of Blue Springs Landing, about 175 miles south of Jacksonville. It is nota plentiful shell, but may always be recognized by its flattened sides and plicated posterior slope. It properly belongs to the plicate group, as Dr. Lea suspected. Unio aheneus, Lea. We found this shell in but one locality, viz: Lake Ashby, Volusia County. Mr. J. B. Upson has collected it in a small creek which. flows into the St. John’s River, near Palatka. The form in Lake Ashby is not typical, but is heavier, has a more arched dorsal line and heavier teeth, and the hinge line is shorter, ‘The figure given by Dr. Lea is of a young shell. | Le pidus, ( Unio amyedalum, Lea. eae) ’ This species is found in Lake Dias, Volusia County, also in Lake Monroe, Lake Beresford, and in the St. John’s River, at Blue Springs Landing. We have a great many forms which we have doubtfully referred to this species Possibly further research will result in finding some new species of this general form. The forms found run into C7220 troszzlus, Lea and rould, Unio angustatus, Vea. This shell has been collected in Black Creek, near Palatka, by Mr. J. B. Upson. The speci- mens are very characteristic. Unio arctatus, Conrad. This species may be credited to Southern Florida with a doubt. Some of our best con- chologists have pronounced a shell which we think a variety of U. aheneus, Lea, to be this species. Possibly we are mistaken. All of the shells which we have seen, while bearing the general outline of U. arctatus, Conrad, are too much inflated, and have a rougher epider- mis and different nacre. To be Continued. THE GIBRALTAR AND TANGIER FORMS OF PARMACELLA. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, In the * Journal of Conchology,”’ for 1886, I described some spirit-preserved specimens of Parmacella from Gibraltar, and pointed out the characters wherein they differed from the most nearly-allied species, the P. Valenciennti of Webb and Van Beneden, Since then I have received living examples from Tangier, on the opposite African coast, differing in no respect from the Gibraltar forms, and a careful exami- nation of them has led me to consider them rather as varieties of P. Valenciennt? than a distinct species, particularly as the form found | by Hidalgo in the central part of the peninsula 68 THE CONCHOLOGISTS”- EXCHANGE, appears to be intermediate between the Gibral- tar forms and the type. I, therefore, propose to classify the forms of P. Valenciennii as follows : Parmace‘la Valencienniz, W. and Van B., a. typica.—Keddish brown without markings. This appears to be identical with P. A/ogaznz, Bourg. (Palad.) P. Valencienntt, 6. punctulata. — Reddish- brown, mantle with small black spots. This is Hidalgo’s form, of which he gives an ac- curate colored figure. P. Valencienniti, c. maculata.—Gyround color, inclining more to orange ; mantle, with black spots and two black stripes converging to- ward its posterior end, Gibraltar and Van- gier, | liuhis'is) the 227. Valenctennii, Crosse, and the P. calyculata, WKobelt. I have shown (‘ Journ. Conch.”’) that Sowerby’s 2. calyculata differs from this in the character of the shell. P. Valenciennii ad. olivacea,—Similar to var. maculata, but ground color dark olive, rather lighter and somewhat mottled in young indi- viduals. Gibraltar and Tangier. CORRESPONDENCE. Editor THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE: Siv:—Thinking it might be of interest to the readers of THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, I give you herewith the results of one hour and fifteen minutes’ collecting at a point on the coast of San Luis, Obispo County, six miles from Morro. Stenoradsia Magdalensis, Rve., 42 specimens Lschnochiton Coopert, Cpr., 17 ce Tonicella lineata, \Nood, I Mopatlia lignosa, Gld., I 66 Crepidula navacelloides, Nutt., 23 “ Crepidula adunca, Sby., 28. aE Fissurella volcano, Rve , I c flaliotis rufescens, Swains, (young)2 “ Chlorostoma brunneum, Phil., numerous“ Chlorostoma funehrale, Adams, numerous‘ Amphissa corrugata, Rve, 6 specimens Drillia mesta, Cpr., 2 fe * Scalarta Hindst?, Cpr., 2 es Leptonyx bacula, Cpr., 2 oh Octnebra lurida, Midd., 2 specimens 3 inter fossa, Cpr., 4 ee Bt circumtexta, Strns., 72 6c “e 6 (73 Calhostoma costatum, Matt., 3 Acmea asm, Midd., I ot They were all live specimens. I could have + filled a bushel measure with C. /frae- brale and C. brunneum. I collected C. brun- neum for the Crepidula adunca on them and for their large size I almost invariably find Crepidula adunca on Chlorostoma brunneum, and Acme@a asmi on Chlorostoma funebrale. 1 carried the go Chitons home in the gallon milk can (mentioned in a former letter) and _ only threw away /wo that curled up and could not be straightened. G. W. MICHAEL, JR. Morro, Cal., Oct. 23, 1887. Editor THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE : 8] Strs tainly not Muller’s 2b7licatus, I therefore propose to call P. wmbrlicatus, Taylor (non Mull.) which is allied to 2. parvus, Say., by the name Planorbis umbilica- tellus. T. D. A. COCKERELL. West Cliff, Col., Oct. 27, 1887. STRIA. Herr Palisa, of Vienna, discovered a new planet, September 21st. It is Asteroid, No. 2690. G. W. Drum, of San Francisco, a collector 74 years of age, has just returned from New Mr. J. W. Taylor has described and figured (‘Journal of Conchology,” 1885, p.351) a new species of /Planorbis from Manitoba, which he proposed to call P. zbilicdtus, Vay- lor, The name has, however, been long pre- occupied by Muller fora European species, which Jeffreys, and not English authors, have erroneously called P. complanatus, Lainn., Linne’s complanatus being more probably the species in England known as zzz¢2dus, and cer- é THE » CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 69 Mexico and Western Texas with 3000 speci- mens of insects, collected after many miraculous | escapes from the Apaches, “Granny,” the sixty year old sea anemone of | the Edinburgh Botanical Gardens, has just died. It was collected in 1828 by Sir John Dalzell, at St. Abbs Head, on the Berwick Coast. An expedition under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution, and under the charge of Professor Frank Cushman, has been very successful in the Salt River Valley, in Southern Arizona. ‘The remains of an ancient city were | found, and it was clearly proven that the former inhabitants were equal in intelligence to the Aztecs. Dr. Schliemann has willed all his archzeo- logical collections to the Berlin Ethnological Museum. Philip Hoffman, a German clergyman and naturalist, claims in his autobiography in Strie- der’s Gehehrten-Lexicon, that he discovered the art of photography in 1833, six years before Daguerre. Professor O. H. Drake, of the Maine Central Institute, has been offered the chair of Greek in Hillsdale College, Mich. Professor Julius Wilhelm Ewald, the noted German mineralogist, recently celebrated at Berlin the 50th anniversary of his doctorate. Miss Helen A. Shafer, a graduate of Oberlin, | (where she obtained the Master’s Degree), has been selected as President of Wellesley College. It is said that the largest and most powerful | electric light in the world is possessed by the | light-house at Sydney, Australia. It is of 180,- 000 candle power, and may be seen for 50 miles. A Mr. Coplen, of Latah, Washington Terri- tory, has lately discovered, at a spring near that place, the pre-historic remains of no Jess than nine elephants, a cave bear, hyenas, extinct birds and a sea turtle. The Clavtonia caroliniana has been found in the West at an altitude of 6000 feet, in full | bloom, and not more than an inch high. The Baylor Universjty of Waco, Texas, has just opened its elegant new building. | Cal. | but not on any other island of the group. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. REPORTS, CATALOGUES, &C. Catalogue and Circular of the California State Normal School, San José. Report of the Department of Na- tural History of the North-Western University, | from Oliver Marcy, LL. D., Curator of the Museum. West Coast Pulmonata, Fossil and Living, By J. G. Cooper, M D. THE CoLLector, Pittsburgh, Pa. The Edu- cational Review, St. John, N. B. The Youth’s Leisure Hour, Boonville, N. Y. The Agent’s World, Passumpsic, Vt. The Yankee Trader, Marietta, Ohio. Southern Californian, Lugonia, The Ottawa Globe, Ottawa. Ill. VALVES. The shells from the Paumotu Isles in the Pacific are noted for their dwarfed size. Mr. C. F. Ancey, of Berronaghia, Algeria, has lately been honored again by having a for- eign C7220 named after him. Mr. Theo. D. A. Cockerell, of West Cliff, Col., found several species apparently new to Colorado, belonging to the genera, Pis¢dizvz, | Spherium, Ancylus, Pupa and Hyalina. ’ y ? ~ The Editor of THE CoNncHoLoecists’ Ex- CHANGE has been honored by Professor Berlin H. Wright, who lately named a Unio found by him in Lake Ashby, Florida, Unto Averellit. Various species of Ostrea, Perna and Melea- grvina were found on pumice stone at sea, near Mauritius in 1886, and it is supposed that the floating debris was the result of the erup- tion of Krakatoa, which occurred in 1883. Mr. Andrew Garrett, the noted Polynesian | Conchologist, found A/elania Mauiensis, Lea, (habitat of type, Sandwich Islands), at Tahiti, He also obtained it at Guam and in the Philip- pines, and received it from the New Hebrides, and regards it as probably identical with 17. granifera and scopulus. HE 7O CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. Ohe Conchatogists’ Eechange. A Publication designed for Conchologists and | Scientists generally. SO UE D MON Ply WM. D. AVERELL. Epvitor AND Pus isHer tas Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their habits, localities, ete., kindly solicited from all. Matter for publication must. be received by the tenth of each month. SUBSCRIPTIONS. MmMepyearmpOSt-DalG i... cccccscesesess| cesceseseaasheceeeos Three months, “ ss Six “ “ To Foreign Countries. os To countries not in Univer: sal P. wstal Union. Single copies.. ADVERTISING RATES. Deal COleaceaen eaee aac setters F 25 1 inch, 3 months........ 1.00 ‘4 column, 3 months, 4 00 1 column, 8 months.. 8.00 50 c ts. Pin chizsesseceses. nee +... 000 ‘Ys column, 1 month, 2.00 1column, 1 month, 4.00 1 column, 6 months, 12.00 Entered at the Post-office at Philadelphia, Pa., as second- class'z matter, SUBSCRIPTIONS TO VOLUME DUE. FOR EXPIRATION OF DATE ON WRAPPER. ; Editorial Slotes. Il ARE NOW SUBSCRIPTION SEE We hail the advent of Volapuk from voda of the world; and /zz, language, the new scien- tific international language. By means of this most useful medium we may, in the future, | talk or write to our brothers in science of | any nationality without fear of the confusion | born at Babel. We quote from 7he Educational | eview of Saint John, N. B.: “It is formed on the general model of the Aryan family of languages. Its material is largely taken from the English, but itsstructure, noun-declension and verb-conjugation is rather un-English, as | are two or three of its vowels. It is far easier | learn than any existing language, and has | already made rapid progress in twenty or thirty European or Asiatic languages. The text-book ‘Seret’s Grammar with Vocabulary of Vola- puk,’ 420 pages, published in Glasgow, by Thomas Murray & Son, and in London, by Whittaker & Co, At a Congress of Volapuk scholars in Munich this year, a Volapuk Acade- my was formed. The next meeting of the Con- gress is in Paris, 1889.” Two new and valued contributors have been added to our list since last issue, and we trust the articles by Mr, Berlfm H. Wright, of Lake Helen, Florida, and Mr. Theo. D. A. Cockerell, of West Cliff, Colorado, will meet with the approval which the painstaking labors of the writers in the field of Conchology so richly deserve AN absurd error crept into the article “On a New Floridian Natica,” by Mr. Charles T. Simpson, in our last number. The types gave the size of the shell, Vatica Lordiana, Simpson, as “length, 40 inches, diameter, 30 inches,” whereas, the dimensions should be /ezgth, .4o inches, diameter, .30 inches. The shell was named in honor of Mr. John Ford, of Philada. WE make a special request of our young readers to forward us any original matter upon Conchology for inspection previous to insertion in our “ Young Collectors’ Corner,” which they must look upon as open to all young readers. Cultivate the habit of describing shells as voz find them, and, take our word for it, it is not at all impossible that you may find the solution to many knotty problems which have puzzled older heads. WHEN we send you a sample copy of THE CONCHOLOGISTS’. EXCHANGE, we help you to subscribe by meeting you half way. The rest is an easy business transaction, and consists in forwarding 50 cents for the certainty of an early and sure profit. Movements of Foreign Mail Steamers.— Australia and New Zealand, Str. Alameda, San Francisco, 12 M., Dec. 15th. China and Ja- pan, Str. City of Para, San Francisco, 12 M., Dec. roth. We propose to continue and extend this in- formation in future issues for the benefit of our readers having foreign correspondence. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS EXCHANGE. 71 Young Collectors’ Corner. Some Remarks on the Migration of Mollusks. BY JOHN FORD. Philadelphia, Nov., 1887. It is hoped that the students who have vis- ited this corner for the purpose of collecting something worth ‘retaining; have also found much that is interesting and instructive in Mr. Simpson’s article on the “ Distribution of Land and Fresh Water Shells in the Tropics,’’ which appeared in the last two numbers of THE Con- CHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. ‘The theories ad- vanced in this article are certainly among the best that have been offered on the subject. That many species have been transported by natural means across deep and wide seas is a fact that is generally acknowledged, but of the vehicles of their distribution in the remote eras alluded to, scarcely anything is positively known. There seems little doubt. however, as Mr. Simpson suggests, of the uprooting of vast for- ests in the latter part of the Tertiary period, when plutonic forces were rending the earth almost continuously, and of their being driven by strong water-currents or mighty tempests far from their native regions. It is well known that such changes are of frequent occurrence even now, when the earth, comparatively speaking, is resting from her labors. Thus it is easy to comprehend the tearing up and sweeping away, during the period of seis- mic disturbances referred to, of myriads of sturdy trees, among the boughs and roots of which numerous species of mollusks made their homes, — One may therefore readily believe that num- bers of these “Giants of the primeval forests” were often massed together, with their extremi- ties so interlaced as to leave some of each en- tirely unsubmerged during the period of drift; and that on many occasions both land and fresh water Shells were safely ferried from continent to continent, as well as from island to island. In such an event, too, the journey could be accomplished without much discomfort to the passengers, as certain fresh water species will live for months without food or drink, while many species of helix will endure the same apparent hardships for years, as I have good reason to know, having on one occasion found a number of Syrian species alive and active when taken from the box-prison in which they had been packed with dry sand, on the Arabian desert, quite two and a-half years before. In each case the usual air-tight curtain had been stretched across the aperture of the shell, but a drop or two of water quickly dissolved this, and a few minutes later the animal awoke from its deathlike sleep as fat and vigorous as though only a night had passed since its incarceration. In recent times the advent,of species on shores foreign to their habitat is more easily explained, For instance:. a fine specimen of Litiopa striata, Rang, a species peculiar to the Coast of Florida, was found a short time ago on a Rhode Island beach by Mr. H. F. Car- penter, of Providence. That it was carried north by the Gulf stream and stranded by a fayorable wind there can be no doubt, as Mr. Tryon states in his work on “Structural and Systematic Conchology,” that “they occasionally suspend themselves from the stems of floating sea-weed,” a condition exceedingly favorable to transportation in the way indicated. Mr, Carpenter also secured, about the same time, a magnificent helix which had been found some days before in a grove a few miles from Providence. The shell was an inch or more in diameter, and of dark brown color, the ani- mal being intensely black and shining, and crowned with a pair of “horns” fully an inch in length. Being unlike anything native to Rhode Island, and unknown to him, Mr. Car- perter at once forwarded it to the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences for comparison. Here it Was readily identified as Helix alauda, Fer., although larger, finer and blacker than any of the thirty or more spécimens in the col- lection, all of which had been captured in the Island of Cuba, where the species strictly be- longs. It follows then, that this specimen must have reached Rhode Island through human agency, the most likely vehicle being a bunch of ba- a | No THE - CONCHOLOGISTY’ - EXCHANGE. nanas, the kind of food which it at present prefers to any other. Dead shells of the same species have been found among bananas in Boston on one or two occasions, but they were all much inferior to the Providence specimen; a fact which seems to show that life in a New England grove is as beneficial to tropical land species as Northern waters are to those trans- ported from Southern Seas. Other well known - species North in various ways, feet and among the feathers of migratory water birds. But the larger portion, perhaps, are associated with the young oysters annually taken from the Chesapeake and adjacent points, for transplanting in the colder waters of New York and New England. Among these, 47ca pexata, Littorina trrorata and Mytilus hamatis are the most-abundant. These also attain a a larger growth and greater perfection of form than their kindred have ever reached in the habitat which originally claimed them all; a are carried many of them on the } result that seems “passing strange’? when we remember that boreal species, as a rule, deteri- orate the more, the further South they come. exchanges. Terms to NON-SUBSCRIBERS, which must be cash with order, are as follows: Exchanges of 20 words, including address, 10 cents; for each addi- tional 10 words the charge will be 6 cents. No ex- change will be inserted for less than 10 cents. Offered.—Nuttalliana scabra; Stenoradsia Magda. | lensis; Jschnochiton Cooperi; Tonicella lineata; Mopalia Hindsii; Crepidula rugosa, navacelloides, adunea; Amphissa corrugata; Ocinebracircumtexta. G. W. MICHAEL, JRr., Morro, Cal. Offered —Land and fresh-water shells for same | EDW. D. KEITH, Moore St., Providence, R. I. Offered.—Botanical specimens for shells if in good condition. No dead shells wanted. T. G. BRINTON, 755 Corinthian Ave , Philadelphia, Pa. ern jand and fresh-water shells List sent on appli- eation. Also, good general curiosities in exchange for land shells. THOS. E. ADDY, 54 N. Franklin St., Janesville, Wis. Offered.Unio Anodontoides, Lea; Helix Berlan- dieriana, Mor., Texasiana, Mor., thyroides, Say, lep- | orina, Gould; and other Texan shells for offers in Shells. W.W.WESTGATE, Houston, Texas. Wanted.—Correspondents interested in the study , of the Mollusca of Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Ari- | zona, New Mexico, Kansas, Indian Territory and Nebraska. THEO. D. A. COCKERELL, West Cliff, Col. Offered.—_Knorr: Horens en Schelpen; Sowerby : Thesaurus, Monograph Veneridee. Wanted.—Vol- umes of American Journal of Conchology, or other conchological books. M. M. SCHEPMAN, Rhoon, near Rotterdam, Holland. Five specimens of the fossil Leda truneata from the clays of the Champlain Period in Maine, for offers. CHAS. A. DAVIS, Prof. Nat. Science; Alma, Mich. " Wanted.—North American ‘Land ‘Shells and Ter- tiary Fossils for recent Shells. D. W. FERGUSON, 138 Wilson St., Brooklyn, (E. D.) N. Y. $1.00. OFFER NO. 8. 10 Species (25 Specimens) of Choice Shells Sent by mail, securely packed, for $1.00. 126. Cerithidea decollata, L., Eastern Africa. *127. Nassa Cooperi, Fbs., Monterey, Cal. *128 Fluminicola Nuttalliana, Lea, Oregon. *129. Cyclostoma sulcatum, Drap (var.), Sciac- ca, Sicily. 130. Limnophysa bulimoides, Lea, Cala. 131. Registoma grande, Gray, Zebu, Philip- pines. 132. Paludina zonata, Hanley, Mauritius. *133. Lithasia armigera, Say, Nashville, Tenn. *1 34. Pomatias Strobeli, Pini, Veneto, Italy; and 135. Trochonanina percarinata, v Lake Nyassa, Africa. Martens, THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. * These will overrun in number. bers date from Offer No. 1. The num- THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. “I Yo STANDARD WORKS ON CONCHOLOGY. SOLD ONLY FOR CASH. CONOHOLOGY. Tryon, Geo. W. Jr. STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC CONCHOLOGY, and, also, MAN- UAL OF CONCHOLOGY. The latest works for Conchologists. Subscriptions taken and _ filled. Circulars sent on application. Bernardi, GALATEA ET FISCHERLIA, 49 pages, 10 plates, 42 beautifully colored figures, 4to, Paris, 1860. Slightly foxed. Wheatlcy’s copy. Price $4, postpaid. | Monograph of the Fresh-Water Uni- | SpreciaL Notice :—Second-hand copies of Tryon’s | STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMa TIC CONCHOL- OGY for sale at $5.00—Cash. Postage prepaid. Woodward. MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA? with Appendix, by Ralph Tate, 642 pp: 23 plates? 441 figures, 270 illustrations. London, 1880. edition: Price $2.50, postpaid. Formerly, $2.60. The same, 1875 edition, $1.60 postpaid. Keep, Josiah. WEST COAST SHELLS. The latest work on California and other West Coast Mollusca. Especially adapted to young collectors. Price $1.75, postpaid. See advertisement. Synonymy of the Species of Strepoma- tidze. (Melanians) of the United States. By GEO. W.TRYON, JR. Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid. List of American Writers on Recent Con- chology, with Titles of their Memoirs and Dates of Publication. By GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr. Cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid. Monograph of the Order Pholadacea and other Papers. By GEO.W.TRYON, Jr. Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid. Complete Writings on Recent and Fos- sil Conchelogy of C. &. Rafinesque Edited by WM. G. BINNEY and GEO. W. TRY- ON, JR. Cloth, $2.60, postpaid. Descriptions of Shells of North Ameri- ea, with 68 colored plates. By THOMAS SAY 1830-34. Price $10.50, postpaid. Ruschenberger’s Elements of Conchol- ogy from the vext of Milne-Edwardsand Achille- | Comte. ’43 edition, 25 cents pp.; ’46 edition, 30 cents pp. Lea, Isaae. SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY OF NAIADES. 4to, bds.,’52 edition. Price $2, post- paid. Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca of the United States, with illustrations ot all the species. By GEO. W. TRYON, Jr. Fine edition, plate paper, with duplicate plates colored and tinted, $20; colored edition, $13.50; plain edi- tion, $8.50. | Random Notes on valve Mollusea of the United States. By 8. S. HALDEMAN, 1840-44, with continuation to 1871. by GEO. W. TRYON, JR.; 2 vols., with many colored plates; fine edition; duplicate plates, $40; with colored plates, $25; with plain plates, $18. American Journal of Conchology, 1865- ZI. Seven vols., 8 mo., 2500 pages, illustrated by 150 plates, many colored, besides about’ a thousand wood engravings. Published at $70. Price for 7 vols., new, complete, $25. Mollusea of Massachusetts. By W.G. BIN- NEY, Boston, 1870; 529 pp.; 12 plates, 11 colored ; 134 figs.; 406 ills; 8vo. New, unused. Price, post- paid, $15. Baldwin, D. D. Land Shells of the Hawaiian Islands, 9 pages, paper. Price, 25 cts. post-paid. MISCELLANEOUS. Natural History. This journal), now out of print, is rapidly becoming searce. We offer the back numbers containing the previous chapters of Mr. H. F. Carpenter’s very instructive article upon “The Shell Bearing Mol- lusca of Rhode Island,’ Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.’s “Check List of Shells,” besides numerous articles of interest to the conchologist, at the following prices: al MolsE completion... ai sures os oe olun MolsmiminusiNes. lands 2). 3 45) 2! '00 Vol. Il, complete, 1 00 Vol, III, complete, Postage extra in each case at the rate of six (6) cents per volume. American Journal of Science and Art. Vol. XI, 1876. Unbound. Complete $3.75, postpaid. | Description of the Inferior Maxillary. Bones of Mastodons, €&e. 10 plates, 25 pp. By Isaae Hays, M. D. Price, post-paid, 50 ets. Agassiz. Methods of Study in Natural History, 327 pp, il s., 1875. Post-paid, $1.15. The Conchologists’ Exchange CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S, A. 74 THE -CONCHOLOGISTS’ = EXCHANGE: lal WILLIAMS, WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER, 4475 MAIN STREET, (Below Mehl.) Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. Large stock of WATCHES, JEWRY: SILVERWARE, OPTICAL GOODS, &c. Lverything guarantecd as represented. Orders by Mail Solicited. CLASS TUBES AND BOTTLES For Shells, in all sizes and styles, supplied at the shortest notice, and at cheap rates, ° Address THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, Chestnut Hill, Phila., Pa OFFERED. Numerous species of land and fresh-water shells in exchange for mollusks from the United States and foreign countries. Collectors will please send lists and receive mine in return. ROBERT FETSCHIN, Patschkau, Germany. . Fossil F'erns. A large variety of very fine Fossil Ferns from Mazon Creek, Grundy Co., IIl., properly named, for sale cheap, or would exchange for choice Marine Shells. J. G.OARR: Grundy County National Bank, Morris, Hl. ‘CHEAP FLORIDA LANDS, HOMES AND ORANGE GROVES OE (SA Ten. Florida Mollusks, Recent and Fossil for Ex- change. Lists exchanged. Specimens wanted for De Land University. BERLIN H. WRIGHT, LAKE HELEN, FLORIDA. - JAMES SPENCER SALISBURY PLACE, _ AKROYDON, HALIFAX, ENGLAND, AGENT FOR Specimens of British Natural History Objects, and Scientific Books in all branches. Specialty —Micro-preparations of Coal Plants of Halifax and Oldham. Prices reasonable. The West American Scientist. This Journal, established in 1884, begins a new volume as a 24-page illustrated monthly magazine of POPULAR SCIENCE. A feature consists of articles on topography and natural history of Upper and Lower California. . Eminent Scientists are contributors. Price $1.00 per year, 10 cents a copy. Send 25 cents for a 4 months’ trial subseription. Agents wanted. C. R. ORCUTT, Epitor, San Diego, Cal. THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE is Agent for the stamps of which the illustra- tion is a copy. 120 stamps for 30 cents, 600 for $1.00, both sizes, in neat book form post- paid for price. These stamps have saved thousands of letters from the Send Ict. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. “I 1 wn 7 \ COLLECTIONS OF SHELLS NAMED. | e5S°S@ WE HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE NAMING OF SHELLS AT THE LOW PRICE OF 10 CENTS PER SPECIES. THIS DOES NOT INCLUDE TRANSPOR- TATION WHICH MUST IN ALL CASES BE PAID BY SENDER. All specimens compared with those in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. BXCHANGE BOX, No. 1. For $1.00 We will send, postpaid, a neatly packed box of Shelis eontaining 30 different species, and 150 specimens especially selected and adapted for trading. A collec- tion for yourself and lots to trade. ALL NAMED AND LOCALIZED. SCIENTIFIC PRINTING. Orders received for Scientific and other Printing, in all its branches. Labels, Catalogues, Mounting Cards, &c. Satisfaction Guaranteed. ANTED—ODD NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF \ \ ‘“Random Notes on Natural History,” containing Mr. H. F. Car- penter’s article on ‘‘The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,”’ for which good prices will be paid. 15 cents in cash will be paid for copies of Nos. land 2 of Volume I, in good condition. Good prices paid, either in trade or cash, for Con- chological publications. ADDRESS The Conchologists’ Exchange, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. aE s PORTER & COATES NEW BOOKS. THE HEART OF MERRIE ENG- LAND. JAMES S. STONE, 76 1D sD: $I By the REv. 12mo. cloth, extra, vee Mags) A better and more thougntful ea: of travels in the Mother Country has not appeared for a long time. Though “ to the manor born,’ and consequently well acquainted with the manners and customs of her people, the greater portion of his life has been passed in the new world, and the author, ina recent trip to the old coun- try, walked through the green lanes and by- paths of ** Merrie England,” with all his love for the old world quickened by his life in the new, and the result has been a work of the greatest interest and value. THE CHILDREN OF SILENCE; Or, the Story of the Deaf. By JoserH A. Setss, D. D., LL. D. Author of ‘‘ Miracle in Stones,’ ‘ Voices from Babylon,” ‘‘ Luther and the Reforma- tion,” etc. 1r2mo. cloth, extra, $1.00 THE STORE BOY; The Fortunes of Ben Barclay, 3y Horatio ALGER, JR. Illustrated, 16mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.25 THE CAMP IN THE MOUNTAINS. By Epwarb S. ELLIs. Illustrated, 16mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.25 HOLIDAYS AT THE GRANGE; Or a Week's Delight of Sports and Games. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.00 900 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA. Please mention the Conchologists’ Exchange. CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. Felix (Aglaia) fidelis, Gray, Oregon. WEST COAST SHELLS. By Prof.Josiah Keep, Mills College, California. A familiar description of the Marine, Fresh Water and Land Mollusks, found in the United States, West of the Rocky Mountains. 182 Illustrations, 230 pages. ‘The frontispiece is a hand-painted engraving of the very rare and beautiful Surcula Carpentertana, Gabb. To aid in the study of Shells, the pronuncia- tion*of the Latin names is indicated, and a Glos- sary, Key, Biographical Index of Naturalists, and a Check List are added. Beautifully printed and bound. Price, postpaid, $1.75. Bancroft Brothers & Co., Publishers, 532 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. Please mention this Papes EGGS BIRDS’ £888 EYES EGG DRILLS, BLOW PIPES, INSECT PINS, AND ALL Supplies for Naturalists and Taxidermists. ALSO | “MINERALS AND SHELLS. Send for Catalogues. JAMES M. SOUTHWICK, Natural History Store, Providence, Ril Che Conchologsts Exchange. COPYRIGHT SECURED. WOVE WIE CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., DECEMBER, 1887. No. 6. a Monthly Publication designed for Conchologists and Scientists eee ty. Wm. D. Averell, Editor and Publisher. THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE ISLAND. BY HORACE F. CARPENTER. Chapter XLII. Genus Periploma, Schum., 1817. Couthouy, in 1839, proposed the names of Cochlodesma for this genus in Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, ii., p.170. Gray, in the ‘‘ Annals of Science,” admits the genus, and it has been used by Gould, De Kay, Mighels, Chenu., Bin- ney, and by Dall as late as 1870, but I follow Conrad’s “Catalogue of the Anatinidee” by giving Schumacker’s name priority, having been proposed and used twenty-two years pre- vious to Cochlodesma. ‘There are twelve spe- cies, one of which inhabits New England. . 155.—FPeriploma Leana, Con., 1831. Syns : Anatina Leana, Conrad. Cochlodesma Le- ana, various authors. Cochlodesma Leanum, Stimpson. Periploma Leana, Con., Tryon, &c. Shell thin, sub-oval, inequivalve slightly gaping white, with a thin yellowish epidermis; hinge, a spoon-shaped process, resting on arib and receiv- ing the cartilage; right valve convex, truncate at the posterior end; left valve nearly flat and round- ed at both ends; interior chalky white, except at the muscular and pallial impressions, where it is superficially pearly. Length 12, breadth .%,. height I inch. Abundant on Cape Cod and Nantucket. Inhabits from North Carolina to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Probably inhabits the ocean shore of R, I., but has not yet been found in Narragansett Bay. Genus Lyonsia, Turton, 1822. There are eighteen species of this genus dis- tributed world-wide, of which one inhabits the coast of New England, 156.—Lyonsia hyalina, Conrad. Syns: Mya hyalina, Con. Osteodesma hyalina, Couth,, Gld., Delay, Migh. Lyonsia hyalina, Con , Stimp., Tryon, Perkins, Dall. Shell elongated, sub-ovate, thin, very fragile, translucent, pearly, inequipartite, the posterior end lengthened, narrowed and compressed at the extremity, but truncated a little at the tip, and gaping; epidermis wrinkled in radiating lines from the beak, each line microscopically fringed with short hairs, which entangle grains of sand; when these shells are found, as they sometimes are, completely covered with sand, the only way to remove it is to gently agitate them in water, as they are too delicate to be cleaned by the brush, like most shells. They are found in quiet bays where they are not ex- posed to the wind and waves, just below low water mark in sand. Length 7%, height 7%, breadth 33, of an inch Inhabits from Florida to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In April, 1836, the beach at Chelsea was covered with thou- sands of very large and mature ones, since which time only occasional specimens have been found. I found on one occasion quite a num- ber of specimens near Nayatt, where I have examined the shores many times before and since without seeing one, and at another time I found several large ones at Buttonwoods, but on visiting the same place a week or two after, not a trace of one could be seen. 78 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS, - EXCHANGE: Genus Anatina, Lam , 1809. The Lantern shells, as these are called, in- habit the sand near low water. ‘There are fifty fossil species and thirty-seven living, one of which inhabits our coast. 157.—Anatina papyracea, Say. Shell thin, white and pearly, inequipartite, the posterior end narrowed and truncated, gap- ing; right valve more convex than the left ; beaks placed at the posterior third, not very prominent; surface wrinkled with faint lines of growth and covered with a very thin yellowish white epidermis; an elevated ridge runs from the beaks to the lower posterior margin; inte- rior pearly; tooth very oblique, long and nar- row, supported by a short, sharp, elevated rib, Length 43, height 1%, breadth 4% inch. Say described this species in the Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., ii. 314, 1822. Col. Joseph G. Tot- ten dredged specimens of Anatina in Newport Harbor, which he described in Silliman’s Journal, xxviil, 347. He proposed the name of fragilis in case his specimens were not iden- tical with Say’s fapyvatia, as it was first called. It has since been found on all parts of the coast from New Jersey to Labrador, by dredging in a few fathoms of water in both sand and mud, and is also taken from the stomachs of fishes. FAMILY MACTRIDE, A large family containing about two hundred species. The shells are somewhat triangular, with an internal cartilage; they are thin and often highly colored. Their habitat is in sand, and they have atongue-shaped foot, which they use both for burrowing and for leaping. Genus Mactra, Linn., 1767. This genus is divided into several sub-genera S 8 by authors, with more or less reason, and con- tains 150 species, Some species are used for food, and in some places are collected to feed pigs. Only two species inhabits Rhode Island. 158.—Mactra (Hemimactra) solidissima, Chem. Syns: Mactra solidissima, Chem,, Dill., Wood., Con., De Kay, Stimp. Mactra gigantea, Lam., | *! Desh., Migh., Chenu. Mactra similis, Say. Mactra ponderosa, Phillips. Spirula solidissima, Dall. Hemimactra solidissima, Con,, Tryon, Perkins. Shell large, strong and solid, transversely oval, sub-equipartite, the anterior a little the shortest; surface covered with a dirty brownish or straw colored epidermis; beaks large* and prominent; hinge strong, the V-shaped tooth delicate and adhering by a very small base, so that it is usually detached in opening the valves ; lateral teeth long, thin and striated; this pecu- liarity is noticed in specimens of all sizes, from the youngest to the mature shells. Length 4 to 7, height 3%, breadth 2 inches. . Inhabits from Florida to Labrador. Extremely abund- ant on the outer shores of Long Island. It is not found in our bay, but is washed up on the sandy beaches at Newport and Narragansett Pier, The Indians formerly used the valves to hoe their corn with. It is sometimes called the giant, hen, teach and dipper clam. After a severe southerly storm, live specimens are washed up on the ocean shore at Newport, but to obtain them at other times, we must wait for | a very low tide, and then wade out as far as possible, and by feeling in the sand with the toes, we can loosen them and then dive for them. Another species, the ovals of Gould, is found abundantly on the shores north of Cape Cod, but not to the south of it; they resemble so/- dissima very much, but are distinguished from it by the lateral teeth, which are smooth and destitute of strize ; there are several other minor | differences, the most prominent of which is the V tooth; this is stout in ovalis and delicate in solidissima. . 159.—Mactra (Mulinia) lateralis, Say. Syns: Mactra lateralis, Say, Con., De Kay, &c. Mactra rostrata, Philippi. Mactra corbuloides, Desh. Mulinia lateralis, Con., Perkins, Dall, &c. Shell small, tumid, triangular, smooth, very convex, nearly equipartite, the posterior end prolonged into a snout in adult specimens, more rounded in young ones; beaks elevated, pointed, not touching, inclined forward, hinge strong, V tooth stout, and on each side of it, in the left THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 79 valve, is a strong lateral tooth, fitting into a deep pit in the right valve; surface covered with faint lines of growth; color white under a thin dirty brown epidermis; interior clear white, glossy. Length ¥% inch, height 54, breadth ,. Described by Say in the Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila, ii. 309,1822. Inhabits from Maine to Florida, and along the northern shores of the Gulf of Mexico to Texas. This is an ex- traordinary range for any species of mollusca, not more so in point of miles, perhaps, than others which inhabit both sides of the Atlantic Ocean through the Polar regions, but in the extremes of climate, from our colder shores to the almost tropical waters of the Gulf. It is quite abundant in R. I., found on our sandy beaches, and also dredged in a few fathoms of water, To be Continued. DESCRIPTION OF NORTH AMERICAN SHELLS. BY iC) be “ANCE. 6.—Helix commutanda, Anc. This name I propose for Triodopsis Harford- iana, W. G. Binney (not Helix (Doedalochila) Harfordiana, Cooper). The names of Polygyra, Deedalochila, Triodopsis, ete., as shown by W. H. Dall, are merely sectional and zo0¢ generic, hence it becomes necessary to change Binney’s name, as Iam confident the two Harfordiana be- long to the same group. 7 —Helix (Polygyra) unguifera, Mouss. H. unguifera, Mouss. in Journ. de Conch., 1883, p. 216, fig. This shell, found in the vicinity of Mazatlan (Cinaloa), Mexico, by Mr. Forrer, appears to be the same as 4, acutedentata, \V. G. Bin- ney (Proc, Ac. Nat. Sc., Phil., 1857, p. 83) said to have been found at Mazatlan and Guay- mas; at least it may only be a smaller variety distinguished from the type by its smaller size, = = 5% instead of 6 whorls and in having the hook on the superior tooth and not on the inferior (as stated, perhaps erroneously, by Binney). $.—Helicina Durangoana, Mouss. Anc. p. 218, 1883. This is perhaps the same shell as the one found by Mr. Xantus in the Sierra Madre (fig. in Binney’s Land and Freshwater Shells of North America). As Mr. Mousson’s diagno- sis is incomplete in regard to the peculiar sculp- ture and operculum of this species, I give the following description from authentic specimens in my collection: Testa imperforata, depresso-conica, subnitida, glabrata, solidula, luteo-albida aut candida, scepe ad summum luteo tincta; Apertura intus pallida, pariter luteola. Spira late conoidalis, apice subobtusa; anfractus, 6; lineis exilibus subverticalibus undulatisque, confertim vixque perspicue (ad apicem evanescentibus) sub lente sculpti; proeterea obsoletis nonnullis remotisque spiralibus lineolis exorati; subconvexi, regulari- ter et sat rapide crescentes, ultimus in medio obscure rotundeque angulosus, infra convexus. Apertura semirotunda, externe obtuse angulata, basi ad columellam angulatim unituber- culata. Peristoma incranatulum, tenuiter expanso-reflexum. Callum columellare de- pressum, nitidum. Operculum — rubellum semitestaceum. Diam.: 9% mill. 9.—Liogyrus Lehnerti, Anc. Testa subconoidea rimata, solidiuscula, sub- virenti-hyalina, vel cornea, sinistrorsa, nitida, sub lente striatula, glabra spira apice valde ob- tusa ; anfractus 4, rapide, sat regulariter tamen crescentes, tumidi, rotundati, sutura profunda ; primo depresso, penultimo turgidulo; ultimo ad peripheriam inflato, dimidium testoe fere adcequante, subtus convexo, ad aperturam haud solutam regulariter descendente. Aper- tura fere recta, subcircularis-oblonga, superne et inferne obscure angulata, marginibus contin- Wis." Long.: 3%4, lat.: 3% mill, ’ 86 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. . A Liogyro pupoideo, Gould, forma latiore, apertura haud soluta, umbilico majore, ultimo anpactu tumidiore et preecipue testa sinistrorsa discrepat. Several specimens of this very curious sinis- trorse shell were found in the Potomac, near Washington, D, C., by Mr. E. Lehnert, after whom I name it. Gould’s species was also found in the same station. : The New Caledonia shell, described as a Cyclostomoid (!) shell by Mr. Crosse, under the name of Heterocyclus Perroquini, 1s some- what allied to Valvata pupoidea, and the iden- tity of Heterocyclus and Liogyrus has been proposed, still it differs in having the labrum effuse and somewhat thickened (sometimes re- flected, as in another species which seems to have the same generic characters as Perroquini, although the aperture is not solute,—Valvata Petiti, Crosse). The author should have per- ceived the resemblance between the two shells. when describing Heterocyclus as a land shell !! ro.—Bithynia tentaculata, Lin. This European shell was sent to me several years since by Dr.W. Newcomb ; the specimens were collected at West Troy, and others have been found at Oswego, N. Y. ‘The presence of this well known species in the waters of N. America is doubtless the result of a recent im- portation. The surface of the specimens is much eroded. 11.—Polygyrella polygyrella, Bland & Cooper. Helix polygyrella Bland & Cooper in Am. Naye., IN. Ye, evil, pe 305) pl. avenge. 13-15 Binney (W. G.), in Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1886, p. 36, pl. vi. fig. 12-14. I have in my collection a variety (which may be called A/ontanensis) of that species, distinguished from the type in having a longer and more developed parietal tooth, more tri- angular aperture, the basal margin of it being more thickened and horizontal, and also the ribs of the upper surface more distant and coarser. It has been figured by W. G. Binney, in the last said work, from a specimen col- lected by Mr. Hemphill in Deer Lodge Valley, Montana Territory. 12.—Pupa corpulenta, Morse. Var, parietalis, var. nov. Testa dentibus duobus in pariete instructa. Ogden Canyon, Utah. BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MER- CER CO., ILL. BY WILLIAM A. MARSH. FAMILY VALVATID. Genus Valvata, Muller. 75,.—Valvata tricarinata, Say. Shell orbicular, tricarinate, light horn color, with three whorls or volutions, three revolving carinate prominent lines giving the shell a quadrate appearance. Spire convex, apex ob- tuse, umbilicus large, carinze placed—one on the upper edge of the whorl, one on the lower edge, and the third on the base beneath. This species is found rather abundantly from May to September, in all the small lakes of the Bay Island, and sometimes in our river sloughs, and seems to avoid swift running water. I find it usually associated with Somatogyrus subglobo- sus, Amnicola porata, Bythinella obtusa and Valvata bicarinata, 76.—Valvata bicarinata, Lea, Shell orbicular, flattened above, bicarinate, thick, very light horn color, widely umbilicate, sutures impressed, spire depressed, whorls 3% to 4, convex; aperture rounded. ~ This shell is found here in the same localities as ¢ricarinata, and is often associated with it. It seems to be quite variable, in many respects resembling ¢vicavinata, but differs in being of a lighter color, wider umbilicus, very much larger in size, and, generally, the spire is much more depressed. Some specimens have a slight third carina. Mr. Lea says that the animal differs from that of ¢ricarinata. THEE CONCHOLOGISTS? < EXCHANGE SI FAMILY STREPOMATID. Genus Pleurocera, Rafinesque. 77.— Pleurocera subulare, Lea. Mr. Lea’s description of this species is as follows : Shell elevated and acutely turrited, horn col- ored; apex acute; whorls about 12, flat, cari- nate on the middle of the body-whorl; base angulated; aperture white and one-fourth the length of the shell. This remarkably fine shell, as found here, is so variable that in some respects it would be extremely difficult to reconcile it with Mr. Lea’s descriptions and observations. It varies greatly in the number of its whorls, ranging from 10 to I2 in number. Some specimens are of a very dark horn color, others very light; some have a very dark purple epidermis with purple columella. Some forms are striate, others smooth, and while many are very finely banded, others are devoid of bands. It also varies in the number of carinze on the body-whorl, which usually range from five to seyen In many, the whorls are very flat, while in others they are quite convex, and some specimens have from one to three revolving striz. Again,some individuals are rugosely striate on all the su- perior whorls. "The Family Strepomatidze is represented in North America by eight sub- genera, with several hundred so- Pealled species, but it is a singular fact that Mercer Co., Illinois, has but one species of this very numerous family. Our Pleurocera subulare is usually a very abundant shell here, being found in all our sloughs, lakes, creeks and rivers. The small lakes of the Bay Island are full of this species, and in July and August vast numbers of them may be found along the margin of the river, clinging to drift-wood, where they have - been carried by a sudden rise in the waters from the different lakes in the Bay. I have specimens of this shell from Northern Minne- sota, collected in or near the Mississippi River, and from different stations along the river as far south as St. Louis, Mo. FAMILY RISSOIDA. The Family Rissoidze seems to be represent- ed in this country by four sub-genera or genera, viz: Bythinella, Moquin-Tandon ; Somatogy- rus, Gill; Amnicola, Gould and Haldeman; and Pomatiopsis, Tryon, embracing eight spe- cies in all. Genus Bythinella, Moquin-Tandon. 78.—Lythinella obtusa, Lea. This shell, as found here, is sub-cylindrical, rather thin, very light horn color, translucent, smooth, slightly perforate; spire short; sutures impressed; whorls four, always truncate, con- vex, aperture nearly round. It is by no means a common species. I find it sparingly at times of very low water in the channels of the river sloughs from June to September. In localities where found at all it is usually quite abundant. Of several hundred specimens taken in the channel of Upper Cowan Slough in 1880, every specimen was truncate, only the four whorls remaining. It is usually found associated with Azicola, Somatogyrus and Lioplax subcarinata. The cause of its truncated apex is unknown to me as the shells of other species taken with it have perfect spires. ( Zo be continued.) NECROLOGY. Professor Ferdinand WVanderveer the distinguished geologist, died at his resi- dence, 1805 Arch St., Philadelphia, December 21st, 1887, aged 58 years. He was a native of Westfield, Mass., and made his first explora- tion in 1853 for Professor James*Hall, of New York, in the “ Bad Lands” of Dakota, in which region, and in adjacent States and ‘Territories, he spent more than twenty years. ‘The de- ceased filled the chair of Geology and Miner- alogy in the University of Pennsylvania from 1365 to 1872, and had charge of the U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories from 1867 until 1873 Hayden, George W. Puterbaugh, Conchologist, of Elkhart, Ind., diéd of heart disease, November 29th, 1887, after nearly one year’s illness. Andrew Garrett, Conchologist, ee at Hua- hine, Society Islands, Noy ember 1887, aged 65 years. 82 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS? EXCHANGE: Ghe Canchalagists’ Lechange, A Publication designed for Conchologists and Oo 3 fo} Scientists generally. ESS! U ED NEO UNS EE: BY WM. D. AVERELL, Epvitor ano Pus .isHEerR #@- Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca, | their habits, localities, ete., kindly solicited from all. Matter for publication must be received by the tenth of each month. SUBSCRIPTIONS. One year, post-paid......... prec sstrataseersfennscnes soos DURCUS Three months, “ LDL ee Six Sm | ecececrente ae lay ou MoOMNOTELEN) COWOELIES!. . Four holes were punched in the ends of the blades. and through each one of these was brought a three-eight round iron rod, riveted on the back of the blades (the cutting edges being the front of the dredge) and welded into an eye directly in front of the center of the blades, and about two feet from them. A piece of canvas four feet long was doubled in the middle, and the ends securely fastened to the holes in the rear of the blades by a lashing, making a bag open at the sides which were filled each with a triangular piece of fine fish net, with about half- inch meshes and thoroughly sewed in. To the eye in front was fastened a strong rope three-fourths of an inch in diameter and 100 feet in length, and my machine was ready to be tried. I confess that I had many misgivings as to whether it would work, especially when the old Salt, in whose sail-boat I was going to try it, offered to bet that it wouldn’t even fill with mud. We reached the mouth of the Manatee Bay, the sail-boat was brought up into the wind so that it barely moved, and I threw the machine overboard into some seyen fathoms of water, letting out gradually nearly all my line. After a little it began to pull, which was en- couraging, and soon I felt a peculiar jarring sensation as delightful as a fisherman feels when a big fish has hold of his line, and I knew that at least I was getting a bag full of mud. After what seemed to me to be an age, but what was perhaps not more than ten minutes, I drew it up, the sand and mud washing out as’ it came slowly through the water, and dumped the contents, perhaps nearly a bushel, on the deck, When I washed it out, judge of my sur- prise and delight at finding over thirty species of shells in several hundred samples, nearly all living or in good condition, and many of which were either new to me or had only been found dead and badly worn. I could hardly keep from jumping over board. and it was now my turn to laugh at the old skipper. From that day on I found this rude and sim- ple machine a perfect success; in fact it con- tained the essential principle of Ball’s celebra- ted dredge. and I never had a particle of trou- ble with it anywhere. For convenience of carrying, or for working in rocky bottom, it is better that the arms should be made in two pairs, one pair at each end of the dredge and fastened to it with an eye at each end of the arm, passing around the curved iron at the end of the frame. The drawing end of each pair ofarms should end in a large eye, the rope to be fastened through one of these, and the other tied fast with rope yarn, and then, in case the dredge becomes fast, the rope yarn will break under a strain, allowing the one pair of arms to swing back and with it one side of the dredge, when it can generally be drawn up without any trouble. A square box a few inches deep and a couple of feet across, with a bottom made of fine copper screen and held in place by any simple means over the side or stern of the boat, is of immense advantage, as the contents of the dredge can be dumped into 84 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE. it and easily washed out. With a large sail- boat it is also an advantage to have a whip leading down from the mast to lift the dredge from the water, anda second whip or line lead- ing through a block at the top of the mast, and hooked into an eye made of rope in the bottom of the sack, is very convenient in dumping, as the dredge can be raised to its place with the whip, then the line hooked into the bottom, when it is easily lifted: up until the contents will run out. One will find in dredging all day by hand alone that it is heavy, fatiguing, wet work, For small sail or row-boats the dredge should be smaller, from 18 to 20 inch blades will be found heavy enough. I hope that the coming season, many who have never tried dredging before, may be induced to do so, and the result will be the obtaining of many rare species and specimens and in better condi- tion than usually found along the shores of rivers or the sea beach, Ogallala, Neb., Dec. 5th, 1887. Notes on Teredo. BY W. W. WESTGATE. I see in “ Shell-bearing Mollusca” Mr. Carpen- ter says that he has never seen a specimen of any species (Teredo) in Rhode Island, ‘That is strange, because there are several species of Teredo found from Massachusetts Bay south- ward: eredo navalis, Linn, found from Cape Cod to Florida; VYeredo megotara, Hanley, Massachusetts Bay to South Carolina; Teredo, dilatata, Stimp., same as the last; Teredo Thompsoni, Tryon, around Cape Cod; besides Xylophaga dorsalis, Forbes and Hanley, and Xylotrya fimbriata, Jeffreys, have an extended range, and might occur there. I make the fol- lowing extracts from Fisheries and Fishery In- dustries of the U. S.: “This species (T, nav- alis) is very abundant along the southern coast of New England, from New York to Cape Cod, wherever submerged wood-work, sunken wrecks, timber buoys, or floating pieces of drift | wood occur,” ‘At Provincetown, Cape Cod, about forty feet of the end of the steamboat wharf was so weakened by its borings that it completely gave way under a load of merchan- dise stored upon it.” ‘ Capt. B. J. Edwards told me that formerly, when the cedar or chan- nel buoys in Buzzards Bay, Mass., were not | Ark. | Thesaurus, Monograph Veneride. taken up, they would not last more than two years, owing chiefly to the attacks of this Tere- do.” ‘Teredo megotara has been found in floating pine wood at Newport, R. I., and in cedar buoys at New Bedford, Mass.” I could give more instances, but I think this is enough to show that Mr. Carpenter can add a few more species of shells to his already fine list. ' Ferychaunges. Offered.—Land and fresh-water shells from this locality for other shells. Have about 300 of Unio cylindricus, Say; tuberculatus, Barnes; gibbosus, Barnes; rectus, Lam.; alatus, Say; verrucosus, Barnes ; pressus, Lea ; zig-zag, Lea; elegans, Lea ; gracilis, Barnes; metanevrus, Raf.; soleniformis, Lea; complanatus, Barnes ; cornutus, Barnes. JAMES H. FERRISS, Joliet, Ill. Will exchange minerals for other minerals, Pacific shells or fossils. J. C. PARKER, Kennebunk, Maine. Curios, stamps and books to exchange. Wanted.— No.1, Vol. 1 CoNcHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. E J. STEB- BINS, 11 E. Maumee St., Mich. Offered.—Sea shells for pyrites of iron from Colo- rado gold mines. S. FERGUSON, Eureka Springs, Offered.—Land and fresh-water shells for same EDW. D, KEITH, Moore St., Providence, R. I. Offered.—Botanical specimens for shells if in good condition. Nodead shells wanted. T. G. BRINTON, 755 Corinthian Ave , Philadelphia, Pa. Offered.—Fine, large foreign sea shells for South- ern iand and fresh-water shells. List sent on appli- cation. Also, good general curiosities in exchange for land shells. THOS. E. ADDY, 54 N. Franklin St., Janesville, Wis. Wanted.—North American Land Shells and Ter- tiary Fossils for recent Shells. D. W. FERGUSON, 138 Wilson St., Brooklyn, (E. D.) N. Y. Wanted.—Correspondents interested in the study of the Mollusca of Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Ari- zona, New Mexico, Kansas, Indian Territory and Nebraska. THEO. D. A. COCKERELL, West Cliff, Col. Offered.cKnorr: Horens en Schelpen; Sowerby: Wanted.— Vol- umes of American Journal of Conchology, or other conchological books. M. M. SCHEPMAN, Rhoon, near Rotterdam. Holland. Fioe specimens of the fossil Leda truncata from the clays of the Champlain Period in Maine, for offers. CHAS. A. DAVIS, Prof. Nat. Science, Alma, Mich, THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 85 STANDARD WORKS ON CONCHOLOGY. SOLD ONLY FOR CASH. CONOHOLOGY. Tryon. Geo. W. Jr. STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC CONCHOLOGY, and, also, MAN- UAL OF CONCHOLOGY. The latest works for Conchologists. Subscriptions taken and filled. Circulars sent on application. SpeciaL NoricE:—Second-hand copies of Tryon’s STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC CONCHOL- OGY for sale at $5.00—Cash. Postage prepaid. Woodward. MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA, with Appendix, by Ralph Tate, 642 pp: 23 plates, 441 figures, 270 illustrations. London, 1880 edition. Price $2.50, postpaid. Formerly, $2.60. The same, 1875 edition, $1.60 postpaid. Keep, Josiah. WEST COAST SHELLS. The latest work on California and other West Coast Mollusca. Especially adapted to young collectors. Price $1.75, postpaid. See advertisement. Synonymy of the Species of Strepoma- tidze. (Melanians) of the United States. By GEO. W.TRYON, JR. Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid. List of American Writers on Recent Con- chology, with Titles of their Memoirs and Dates of Publication. By GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr. Cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid. Monograph of the Order Pholadacea and other Papers. By GEO.W.TRYON, Jr. | Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid. Complete Writings on Recent and Fos- sil Conchology of C. 8S. Rafinesque Edited by WM. G. BINNEY and GEO. W. TRY- | ON, Jr.. Cloth, $2.60, postpaid. Descriptions of Shells of North Ameri- | ea, with 68 colored plates. By THOMAS SAY 1830-34. Price $10.50, postpaid. Ruschenberger’s Elements of Conchol- ogy from the fext of Milne-Edwards and Achille- Comte. ’43 edition, 25 cents pp.; ’46 edition, 30 cents pp. Lea, Isaae. SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY OF NAIADES. 4to, bds.,’52 edition. Price $2, post- paid. Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca of the United States, with illustrations of all the species. By GEO. W. TRYON, Jr. Fine edition, plate paper, with duplicate plates colored and tinted, $20; colored edition, $13.50; plain edi- tion, $8.50. Bernardi, GALATEA ET FISCHERIA, 49 pages, 10 plates, 42 beautifully colored figures, 4to, Paris, 1860. Slightly foxed. Wheatley’s copy. Price $4, postpaid. Monograph of the Fresh-Water Uni- valve Mollusea of the United States. By 8. S. HALDEMAN, 1840-44, with continuation to 1871, by GEO. W. TRYON, Jr.; 2 vols., with many colored plates; fine edition; duplicate plates, $40; with colored plates, $25; with plain plates, $18. American Journal of Conchology, 1865- ZI. Seven vols., 8 mo., 2500 pages, illustrated by 150 plates, many colored, besides about a thousand wood engravings. Published at $70. Price for 7 vols., new, complete, $25. . Mollusca of Massachusetts. By W.G. BIN- NEY, Boston, 1870; 529 pp.; 12 plates, 11 colored; 134 figs.; 406 ills; Svo. New, unused. Price, post- paid, $15. Baldwin, D. D. Land Shells of the Hawaiian Islands, 9 pages, paper. Price, 25 cts. post-paid. MISCELLANEOUS. Random Notes on Natural History. This journal, now out of print, is rapidly becoming scarce. We offer the back numbers containing the previous cbapters of Mr. H. F. Carpenter’s very instructive article upon “The Shell Bearing Mol- lusea of Rhode Island,’ Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.’s “Check List of Shells,” besides numerous articles of interest to the conchologist, at the following prices: Wol-shcompletes. (sar = $1 50 Vol. I, minus Nos. 1 and 2, . 1 00 Vol. IT, complete, . 1 00 Vol. III, complete, . 75 Postage extra in each case at the rate of six (6) cents per volume. American Journal of Science and Art. Vol. XI, 1876. Unbound. Complete $3.75, postpaid. Description of the Inferior Maxillary. Bones of Mastodons, «&e. 10 plates, 25 pp. By Isaac Hays, M. D. Price, post-paid, 50 cts. Agassiz. Methods of Study in Natural History. 327 pp. ills., 1875. Post-paid, $1.15. ADDRESS The Conchologists’ Exchange CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., U. 8. A. 86 ° THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ -: EXCHANGE: ——— \ COLLECTIONS OF SHELLS | “NAMED, LL SAS ; WE HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE NAMING OF SHELIS AT THE LOW PRICE OF 10 CENTS PER SPECIES. .THIS DOES NOT INCLUDE TRANSPOR- TATION WHICH MUST. IN ALE. CASES,.BE “PATD BY SENDER. All specimens compared with those in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. EXCHANGE BOX, No. 1. For $1.00 We will send, postpaid, a neatly packed box of Shelis containing 30 different species, and 150 specimens especially selected and adapted for trading. A collec- tion for yourself and lots to trade. ALL NAMED AND LOCALIZED. SCIENTIFIC PRINTIN G. Orders received for Scientific and other Printing, in all its branches. Labels, Catalogues, Mounting Cards, é&c. Satisfaction Guaranteed. ‘““Random Notes on Natural History,” containing Mr. H. F. Car- penter’s article on ‘‘ The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,” for which good prices will be paid. 15 cents in cash will be paid for copies of Nos. 1 and 2 of Volume I, in good condition. Good prices paid, either in trade or cash, for Con- chological publications. AN) fans oa NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF ADDRESS The Conchologists’ Exchange, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Tek AeONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 87 i. H. WILLIAMS, WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER, 4475 MAIN STREET, (Below Mehl.) Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. Large stock of WATCHES, JE WWABIE REY: SILVERWARE, Lverything guaranteed as represented. Orders by Mail Solicited. GLASS TUBES AND BOTTLES For Shells, in all sizes and styles, supplied at the shortest notice, and at cheap rates, | Address THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, OPTICAL, GOODS, &c. | | 50 specimens, 10 v arieties, for 30 ets. Chestnut Hill, Phila., Pa. OFFERED. Numerous species of land and fresh-water shells in exchange for mollusks from the United States and foreign countries. Collectors will please send lists and receive mine in return. ROBERT FETSCHIN, Patschkau, Germany. Fossil Ferns. | A large variety of very fine Fossil Ferns | from Mazon Creek, Grundy Co., Ill., properly named, for sale cheap, or would exchange for choice Marine Shells. J. C. CARR, Grundy County National Bank, Morris, Il, | CHEAP FLORIDA LANDS, HOMES AND ORANGE GROVES BOE, SrA ay Florida Mollusks, Recent and Fossil for Ex- change. Lists exchanged. Specimens wanted for De Land University. BERLIN H. WRIGHT, LAKE HELEN, FLORIDA. JAMES SPENCER, SALISBURY PLACE, AKROYDON, HALIFAX, ENGLAND, AGENT FOR Specimens of British Natural History Objects, and Scientific Books in all branches. Specialty—Micro-preparations of Coal Plants of Halifax and Oldham. Prices reasonable. FOR SALE. 30 specimens, 5 varieties, Cal. Coast Univalve Shells, correctly named, sent post-paid for 15 cents. Stamps taken. A. Ki. PATECHILD, Whippany, Bs J. $1.00. OFFER NO. 9. 10 Species (25 Specimens) of Choice Shells. Sent by mail, securely packed, for $1.00. *136. Achatinella auricula, Fer., Oahu, S. I. 137. Achatinella straminea, Rve., Oahu, S. I. *138. Achatinella venusta, Migh., Molokai, S.I. *139. Bulimus pupa, L., Sciacca, Sicily. *140. Littorina scutulata, Gld., Santa Rosa, Cal. *t41. Littorina muricata, L., Hayti. 142. Helix Bamiana, Anc. (N. S.), Berrou- aghia, Algeria. *143. Goniobasis occata, Hds., Pitt River, Cal. 144. Acmezea asmi, Midd., Morro, Cal.; and 145. Helix similaris, Fer,, Mauritius, (intro- duced). Address THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. 88 PORTER & COATES’ > NEW BOOKS. THE HEART OF MERRIE ENG- LAND. By the REv. JAMES S. STONE, D. D. a $1.75 A better and more thougitful book of travels in the Mother Country has not appeared for a | long time. ‘Though “ to the manor born,” and consequently well acquainted with the manners and customs of her people, the greater portion | of his life has been passed in the new world, and the author, ina recent trip to the old coun- try, walked through the green lanes and by- paths of ‘‘ Merrie England,” with all his love for the old world quickened by his life in the | new, and the result has been a work of the greatest interest and value. 12mo. cloth, extra, . THE CHILDREN OF SILENCE; Or, the Story of the Deaf. By JosEPH A. SEIss, D. D., LL. D. Author of ‘Miracle in Stones,” ‘ Voices from Babylon,” ** Luther and the Reforma- tion,’”’ etc. 12mo. cloth, extra, . $1.00 THE STORE BOY; The Fortunes of Ben Barclay, By Horatio ALGER, JR. Illustrated, 16mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.25 THE CAMP IN THE MOUNTAINS. By EDwARD 5S. ELLIs. Illustrated, 16mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.25 HOLIDAYS AT THE GRANGE; Or a Week’s Delight of Sports and Games. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.00 900 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA. THE ~ CONCHOLOGISTS’ - Please mention the Conchologists’ Exchange. EXCHANGE. Flelix (Aglaia) fidelis, Gray, Oregon. WEST COAST SHELLS. By Prof.Josiah Keep, Mills College, California. A familiar description of the Marine, Fresh Water and Land Mollusks, found in the United States, West of the Rocky Mountains. 182 Illustrations, 230 pages. The frontispiece is a hand-painted engraving of the very rare and beautiful Surcula Carpentertana, Gabb. To aid in the study of Shells, the pronuncia- tion of the Latin names is indicated, and a Glos- sary, Key, Biographical Index of Naturalists, and a Check List are added. Beautifully printed and bound. Price, postpaid, $1.75. Bancroft Brothers & Co., Publishers, 532 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. Please mention this paper. . pee EDUCATIONAL REVIEW, A Monthly. Devoted to advanced methods of educa- tion and general culture, with special stress on Natural Science. Wood-cut illustrated lessons on Natural History, ete. EDITORS: PRINCIPAL MACKAY, B. A., B.Sc. (London), for Nova Scotia. PRINCIPAL ANDERSON, Prince of Wales Col- lege, for Prince Edward Island. PROFESSOR HAY,Ph. B., for New Brunswick. $1.00 PER ANNUM. Managing Editor : Gro. U. Hay, Ph. B., Sr. Joun, N. B., CaNaDA. To whom all communications should be addressed, Che CGonchologists’ Exchange. COPYRIGHT SECURED. A Monthly Publication designed for Conchologists and Scientists generally. Wm. D. Averell, Editor and Publisher. Vol: II: JANUARY, 1888. Nene: CON TEENS: PAGE. The Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island, H. F. Carpenter, . F . 89 Brief Notes on the Land and Fresh-Water Shells of Mercer Co., Ill., Wm. A. Marsh, go Andrew Garrett, by Rev. E. V. Cooper (kindness of the late Prof. Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.) g2 Notes on the Strepomatidze of Illinois, A. A. Hinkley, : ‘ 93 Notes on the Unionidz of Southern Florida, Dr. S. H. Wright and Berlin H. Wright, 95 Necrology, : : : 96 ’ Gundlachia Ancyliformis Pfr. in Florida, C. T. Simpson, 96 Valves, 96 Editorial Notes, 97 Young Collectors’ Corner, 98 Distribution of Shells, W. W. Westgate, . 98 Foreign Mails, 3 . : . : - 98 Exchanges, 99 Palpi, . : : 99 Standard Works on Conchology, 100 CHESTNUT HILL, Philadelphia, Pa. Single copies, 5 cents; 530 cents a year in the United States and Canada; Foreign Countries, 62 cents; Countries not in Universal Postal Union, 75 cents. i AMeli get PORTER & COATES NEW BOOKS. THE HEART OF MERRIE ENG- LAND. By the Rev. JAmEs S. STONE, D. D. 12mo. cloth, extra, . A better and more tHongntfal book of travels in the Mother Country has not appeared for a long time. Though “to the manor born,” and consequently well acquainted with the manners and customs of her people, the greater portion of his life has been passed in the new world, and the author, ina recent trip to the old coun- try, walked through the green lanes and by- paths of ‘* Merrie Engla ind,” with all his love for the old world quickened by his life in the new, and the result has been a work of the greatest interest and value. THE CHILDREN OF SILENCE; Or, the Story of the Deaf. By JosepH A. Sriss, D. D., LL. D. Author of ‘Miracle in Stones,” from Babylon,” tion,”’ ete. “ Voices “Tuther and the Reforma- 12mo. cloth, extra, THE STORE BOY; The Fortunes of Ben Barclay, By HoraTIo ALGER, JR. Illustrated, 16mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.25 THE CAMP IN THE MOUNTAINS. By EpwArRp S. ELLIs. Illustrated, 16mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.25 HOLIDAYS AT THE GRANGE; Or a Week’s Delight of Sports and Games. CONCHOLOGISTS? - $1.75 | $1.00 | ADUCATIONAL REVIEW, | on Natural Science. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, extra, black and gold, $1.00 | 900 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA. Please mention the Conchologists’ Exchange. EXCHANGE Helix (Aglaia) fidelis, Gray, Oregon. WEST COAST SHELLS. By Prof.Josiah Keep, Mills College, California. A familiar description of the Marine, Fresh Water and land Mollusks, found in the United States, West of the Rocky Mountains. 182 Illustrations, 230 pages. ‘The frontispiece is a hand-painted engraving of the very rare and beautiful Gabb. To aid in the study of Shells, the pronuncia- tion of the Latin names is indicated, and a Glos- sary, Key, Biographical Index of Naturalists, and a Check List are added. Beautifully printed and bound. Price, postpaid, $1.75. Samuel Carson & Co., Post St., San Francisco, Cal. Please mention as paper. Surceula Carpentertana, Publishers, 208 TEE A Monthly. Devoted to advanced methods of educa- tion and general culture, with special stress Wood-cut illustrated lessons on Natural History, ete. EDITORS: PRINCIPAL MACKAY, B. A., B. Se. (London), for Nova Scotia. PRINCIPAL ANDERSON, Prince of Wales Col- lege, for Prince Edward Island. PROFESSOR HAY, Ph. B., for New Brunswick. $1.00 PER ANNUM. Gro. U. Hay, Ph. B., Sr. JOHN, N. B., CANADA. To whom all communications should be addressed. Managing Editor’: Che Canchologists Exchange. COPYRIGHT SECURED. WiOiu, We THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE !SLAND. BY HORACE F. CARPENTER. Chapter X LI1—Continued. FAMILY PAPHIID. This family, according to Tryon’s “S & S. Conck., Vol. iii, 161, 1884,” contains two genera, Paphia and Ervillia; Paphia being di- vided into six sub-genera. In his “ Catalogue of the Family Tellinidz,’ he makes a sub- family Paphiidz and treats these sub-genera as genera. The family contains thirty-three spe- cies, only one of which inhabits New England ; this is the Genus Ceronia, Gray, 1849. This genus contains four species, one inhab- iting Australia, another Peru, a third ranging from England through the polar regions to Nova Scotia, and the fourth is L60—Ceronia arctata, Conrad. Syns: Mactra arctata,Con. Mactra deaurata, Con. Mactra sub-triangulata, Wood., Griffith. Meso- desma arctata, Gould, De Kay, Stimp. Cero- nia arctata, Chenu, Binney, Dall, Tryon, &c. Shell sub-triangular, wedge shaped, solid, very inequipartite, the posterior end very short, its lower part truncated; anterior narrowed, rounded; surface covered with a shining yel- low epidermis; beaks erect; hinge a deep spoon-shaped cavity for the cartilage; a long V tooth, opening at an acute angle and a straight, / Striated lateral tooth on each side of it. Length, 1% inches, height, one inch, breadth, 33 This species was described by T. A. Conrad in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci , Phila., vi, 257, 1830. It is found abundantly in Mass. Bay, and at all points north of Cape Cod to the St. Lawrence River. Perkins does not mention it in his “Molluscan Fauna of New Haven,” but S. CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1888. No. 7. Smith has found it at Montauk, Long Island ; a few specimens have been found at Nantucket, and Tryon quotes it from Massachusetts and Rhode Island, but I have never found it in our waters. FAMILY SEMELIDA. This family contains nine genera and about one hundred and ten species, of which only one inhabits New England. 161.—Cumingta tellinotdes, Conrad. Syns : Mactra tellinoides, Con., Russel, De Kay. Cumingia tellinoides, Con., Gould, Stimp., Dall, &c. Shell elongated, triangular-ovate, thin and fragile, white, nearly equipartite, anterior -tu- mid, broad and rounded, posterior compressed, pointed and warped like a Tellina; beaks cen- tral, not inclining to either side; surface with sharp, elevated lines of growth crossed by mi- croscopic radiating lines; interior glossy white; lateral teeth distinct in the right valve, but not in the left. Length, 2; height, 2; breadth, 4. Described by T. A. Conrad in Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vi, 258, 1830. Habitat from Cape Cod to Florida, (Verrill). Very rare at New Haven, (Perkins), Florida, (Conrad,) North Carolina, (Coues). Gould says: ‘It is found abundanily in the region of New Bed- ford, Martha’s Vineyard, and probably may be found everywhere south of Cape Cod.”’ It has not yet been found in R. IJ. to my knowledge. The genus Cumingia was named in 1833 by Sowerby, and dedicated to the late Hugh Cum- ing, a distinguished collector of shells, the spe- cies of which, ten in number, inhabit sponges, sand and the fissures of rocks, in consequence of which, the valves often assume an irregular appearance. | PAMILY TELIERNTD AR, This family contains sixteen genera, and in- cludes many of the most beautiful shells of the tropics, with highly polished surfaces, and DEE 90 - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE bright and glowing colors. Two of these genera, Tellina and Macoma, are represented in R. I. Genus Tellina, Linn., 17758. This genus contains over three hundred spe- cies living, and one hundred and seventy fossil. The animals inhabit all shores, living in sand and mud at no very great depths. They have long and slender divergent syphons; the man- tle is delicately fringed, and opens widely in front for the tongue-shaped foot, by which it travels about. The shells are generally thin, highly colored and delicately sculptured. The genus has divided into several sub-genera, two of which are represented in R. I. 162.— Tellina ( Angulus) tenera, Say. Shell small, thin and fragile, white or tinged with rose, iridescent, concentrically wrinkled by sharp lines of growth, inequipartite, shortest and pointed behind ; valve, one larger than the other and grooved ; posterior lateral tooth distinct; anterior one ne oles: beaks behind the middle. Length, 33; height, 54; breadth, § inch. Discovered by Mr. Benjamin Say, brother of the great Naturalist, near Great Ege Harbor, New Jersey, and described by Thos, Say in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., ii, 303, 1822. Inhabits from Florida to the Gulf of St. Law- rence. Not very common north of Cape Cod Most abundant from Buzzard’s Bay to New | A very pretty little species living on | Jersey. all our sandy shores just below low water mark. Tellina (Angulus) modestus, Verrill. I have never seen this species; it was de- scribed in the April number of Silliman’s Jour- nal, 1872, page 285 smooth, shining, iridescent, with fine concen- tric strize; color pink, straw colored or white, often banded. concentrically with these colors. He enters at some length upon the characteris- tics which distinguish it from A. tenera. He finds it in Vineyard Sound and Buzzard’s Bay | in six to ten fathoms water, on a sandy bot- tom, also in Long Island Sound, off New Haven, in mud. A figure of the shell is given, which, if printed of life size, is } inch in length, by 38 in breadth. In the “Invertebrate Animals of Vineyard Sound,” page 383, 1874, he re-names it Angu- lus tenellus, Verrill. In the Cat. Mar. Moll., hinge teeth, two in each | He describes it as being | 1822, by the same author, he quotes it from Narragansett Bay as well as the above locali- ties, and says, “this may only be a variety of A. tener. 163.—Tellina (Peronea) tenta, Say. Shell small, oval, thin and fragile, inequi- partite, the posterior end shortest, narrowed, warped and gaping widely; valves very con- vex, the left one more so, and bent far to the right, exterior shining, covered with very fine lines of growth, interior polished, white, tinged with yellow near the beaks and covered with radiating lines; margins indented; hinge deli- cate; cardinal teeth, two in the right valve and one in the left; lateral teeth minute: (Say says, “lateral teeth, none’). Length, 2; height, 2; breadth, + inch. Discovered by Dr. Ravenel, in South Caro- lina, and described by Say in American Con- chology, part seven (no date is given for this part. It was printed after Say’s death, which occurred in Sept., 1833). It inhabits from South Carolina to Cape Cod. It does not live near the shore, but is obtained by dredging in mud. We find it off Rumstick, at the mouth of Warren River. To be Continued. + Oe = BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MER- ‘CER CO., ILL. BY WILLIAM A. MARSH. FAMILY RISSOIDE (Continued). Genus Somatogyrus, Gill. 79.—Somatogyrus subslobosus, Say. Shell subglobose, whorls from 3% to 4, rounded, very rapidly enlarging; suture im- pressed, horn colored; aperture sub-ovate, umbilicus very narrow, nearly closed by the labrum; spire very short, convex. This shell is found in all the small lakes and sloughs very abundantly. I have never found it in the river, nor in any of our creeks. The animal is quite active at times. 80.—Somatogyrus depressus, Tryon. Shell orbicular, rather solid; spire depressed ; whorls four, convex, last whorl large; umbili- THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. gt cus narrow, aperture semicireular; labrum ap- pressed within; sutures impressed. T his fine little shell inhabits the Myers’ Slough, below the Bogus Island, very near the river. In 1822 I found it in great abundance clinging to the moss which coyered the whole bottom of the slough, which is what is known as a spring slough, being fed by numerous springs, the water being very clear and cold. It isa very small species, not over one-half the size of Somatogyrius subglobosus. As found, here it is nearly typical. I have been informed that of Davenport, Iowa, furnished Mr. Tryon with his type specimens. I have never found the little shell in any other locality in our county, and I am inclined to believe that it 1s found only in localities where the water is very clear and cold. Genus Amnicola, Gould and Halde- man. 81.—Amnicola porata, Say. Shell obtusely conic, or subglobose, volutions four, rather convex, very slightly wrinkled. Spire obtuse, labrum and labium equally rounded, meeting above in a sub-acute angle, the upper edge of the latter appressed to the preceding whirl. Umbilicus distinct, This species is probably common in all the sloughs of the Mississippi River, and in the Bay Island lakes. It is one of those species that is fond of muddy situations often associated with 4. osa and Som. sebglobosus. The difference between porata and fimosa is so slight that they are difficult to separate. Both of these species prob- ably range from Maine to Colorado and Texas. Porata seems to differ from 4. Amosa in being larger and more globuse and has a more dis- tinct umbilicus. It is not found here as numer- ous as Ze705a. 82.—Amunicola limosa, Say. Shell conic, sub-umbilicate, dark horn col- ored, epidermis obsoletely wrinkled, aperture ovate-orbicular, suture impressed. This shell is probably much more common than 4. forata, and is usually found in our river sloughs, often associated with fovata. It seems to prefer mud- dy localities. J have found it in considerable numbers along the margins of Sturgeon Bay, but not later than the latter part of August. I have also found it sparingly several miles up the Bay in the Myers Slough associated with Som. depressus. 83.—Amnicola Cincinnatiensis, Anthony. Shell ventricose, sub-umbilicate, greenish horn color, whirls four and one-half to five, very smooth, spire entire at the apex. Sutures deeply impressed, aperture dilated,orbi- cular. ‘This, our largest Aszicola, is perhaps rare here, as only about a dozen specimens have been found, and these in but one locality, at the : : oo Renae | junction of the Lakey and Hanneman Sloughs. my friend, the late Professor David S. Sheldon, J ¥ = In the tertiary clay beds of our county are found fossz/, what I suppose to be two species of Ammnicola, probably Cincinnatiensis and porate. S4.—Amnicola parva, Vea. Shell obtusely conical, rather thin, yellowish, smooth, umbilicated, Spire short, suture im- | pressed, whirls four, inflated, aperture large, nearly round. This very small species! did not suppose would be found in our county, but quite re- cently, on making a critical examination of a lot of amnicola and the Somatogyrus depressus from Myers Slough, Bay Island, I found a very few of this shell. Future explorations may reveal the fact that it is quite common in the locality mentioned. It is a little difficult to distinguish from di, orbicula‘a. and even the young of Som. depressus without the aid of a good glass. It is probably common in Win- nebago County. My friend, Mr. J. B. Upson, of Rockford, sent me several hundred of this very interesting little species. SUB-FAMILY POMATIOPSIN, STIMP- SON. Genus Pomatiopsis, Tryon. 85.—Pomatiopsis lapidaria, Say. Shell turreted, sub-umbilicate, with from five to seven volutions, dark horn color, whorls rounded, suture impressed, aperture longitudi- nally ovate-orbicular, operculated. This very interesting little univalve used to be quite common along the margin of all our small sloughs, adhering to leaves, sticks of wood, and stones; also along Edward’s and Pope Creeks, but at present it is rarely found, and no doubt in a few years will become en- ELE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. tirely extinct. The last living specimens that I have found were along the margin of a spring swamp, near Wild Cat Slough. It is found fossil here in the tertiary or postpleiocene clays, and beds of our Mississippi River bluffs. PULMONATA. Sub-order Limnophila. FAMILY AURICULID. SUB-FAMILY AURICULIN. Genus Carychium, Miller. 86 —Carychiune exiguum, Say. Shell elongated, tapering at both ends, white, translucent, shining, apex obtuse, whirls five to six, convex, oblique, with transverse striz, suture distinct, impressed, aperture ob- liquely oval, white lip thick, reflected, flattened; umbilicus perforated, a plait-like tooth, on the middle of the columella, about midway between the extremities of the lip. This peculiar and very minute species used to be found abundant in nearly all moist situations in our county, being found on moss, wet leaves, bark. drift- wood. and even under old rails and fence boards, along old fence rows, in moist places. It probably inhabits nearly every State in the Union. It is very sluggish in its movements, but when in aon carries its shell horizontally. Many years ago, after a freshet, in our small spring sloughs, [ found great numbers of this minute shell, in the 27/¢s, where they had been swept down from their hiding places by the sudden rise in the waters. To be ANDREW GARRETT. Continued. BY REV. EBENEZER V. COOPER. Mr, Andrew Garrett, the celebrated conchol- ogist, died at his residence, on the Island of Huahine, Society Group, South Seas, on the Ist of November, (1887,) in the 65th year of his age. For some months past he had suffered from a severe form of cancer in the face, which at last brought about his death. Mr. Garrett was the third child in a family of fourteen, and, was born on the 9th of April, 1823, in Beaver Street, Albany, New York State. His mother was one Joanna Van Nean Campaneaux, a na- tive of Belgium, of good education, and speak- ing several languages; his father being Fran- cis Garrett, a native of Canada. Both parents lived to old age, the mother attaining 72 years, and the father $4 years. ‘The early life of Andrew Garrett was spent im Vermont State, where he very soon manifested a decided sci- entific turn of mind; on one occasion, at eight years of age, he left home without warning to visit a museum some hundred miles away, which, having accomplished, he returned home again in safety. lie had a great fondness for travel, and to satisfy the longing, he went to sea at the age of 18. Asa shell collector, he made his first acquaintance with the South Pacific in 1848, and in 1852 he ultimately adopted that island-studded ocean as his special field of research. Since that time Mr. Garrett has visited almost every island of note in the various groups of the poe Pacific, spending considerable time in each group. His studies not oply embraced shells of the marine, fresh water and land orders, but also birds, fishes, and other objects of natural history; he was also a botanist. Lor one period of ten years he was professionally engaged in the interests of the Goddefroi Museum, Hamburg, during which time was published ‘* Andrew Garrett’s Fische der Sudsee, im six parts, edited by Dr. Albert Giinther, of the British Museum.” Mr. Garrett was also, for a time, associated with Prof. Agassiz. In addition to visiting and residing in every group of Islands in the South Pacific, Mr, Gar- rett visited and explored many parts of the At- lantic and Pacific Coasts of South America, the East and West Indies, the Sandwich Islands, and some parts of the United Seas His dili- gent and learned researches soon gave him a place as an authority amongst conchologists— an authority now everywhere recognized. His correspondents were very numerous, residing in all parts of the world. Mr. Garrett’s pri- vate collection of shells (now on sale) consists of over 8000 species, and comprising over 30,000 examples, representing almost every known part of the globe. Of this large col- lection, Mr. Garrett has himself collected some 4000 species. ‘The deceased was a correspond- ing member of the California Academy of Sci- ences, and of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Science. THE ACONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. 93 ’ The following is a list of Mr. Garrett’s prin- cipal writings : “In proceedings of Zool. Soc., London; list of Ahtride collected at Rarotonga, Cook’s Isles; descriptions of two new species of Se/- aratista; of two new species of Coecem; of a new species of Scésseed/a; on the terrestrial Mollusca of the Viti Islands. In the Quarterly Journal of Conchology, (Leeds, England,) “ Occurrence of Crepidula aculeata at the Mar- quesan Islands;’’ ‘Occurrence of Gadinia reticulata in Eastern Polynesia; Annotated catalogue of the species of Comes collected in the South Sea Islands ;” “Catalogue of the Polynesian JAftt‘7vide, with remarks on their geographical distribution. station and descrip- tion of supposed new species;’ ** Annotated catalogue of the Cypraetdea collected in the South Sea Islands.” In the Budd. Soc. Mala- cologique de France (Paris)—on the terrestrial Mollusca of the Marquesan Islands. In Azer- tcam Journal of Concholoev, Vol VU, * De- scriptions of new species of land and _ fresh- water shelis from the South Sea Islands” (plates). ‘List of Viti Aediwus, and descrip- tions of new species ” (plate). In proceedings of the California Academy Nat. Sciences— De- scriptions of new species of shells inhabiting the Sandwich Islands;” “ Descriptions of new species of fishes inhabiting the Sandwich [s- lands ;” ‘Descriptions of new species of South Sea shells.” In proceedings of Acad, Nat. Science, Philadelphia—‘On the terrestrial /7o/- fusca inhabiting Cook’s Islands, Society Islands, and Samoan group ;” ‘ List of land shells inhab- ting Rurutu (one of the Austral Islands), with remarks on their synonyms and geographical range,’ and several other papers. In conclusion I would state that I am glad to have known Mr. Garrett, and to have had him for a neighbor for nearly seven years. The man was an interesting study in himself. He was self-taught in every sense of the word, and his ability and achievements were wonderful and most striking. Outside his own special study, Conchology, he was deeply read in kin- dred subjects, and no branch of natural history seems to have been overlooked |. He was very unpretentious, and no one from casual observa- tion would imagine him to be a savazit. Mission Flouse, Flaahine, November 4, 1887. | | | Notes on the Strepomatidz of Mlinois. HINKLEY, DU BOIS, ILL. Having collected shells of this family in different parts of the State, a few notes of those that have come under my observation may be of interest to some of the readers of THe CoNncHoLocists’ EXCHANGE. Although this is an extensive family, and offers a wide field for research and observation, comparatively few collectors take much interest in them. Probably this is owing to the want of good works on the subject, and the difficulty of ob- taining the Southern forms. Considering species found in the Wabash river, White Co., Ill. as belonging to the State, I have of the family four genera and fourteen species. Genus Angitrema, Haldeman. A. arvniigera, Say. Shell with a prominent row of knobs encir- cling the body-whorl, plain or banded; habi- tat, Wabash river. [ found this species rather unexpectedly in a still pool formed by a log which had drifted so as to turn the current, associated with A. verrucosa, and attached to small pieces of drift-wood, or crawling about on the mud. But few specimens were found of each. I have since been intormed that they are plentiful lower down the stream near Wabash Station, on the L. & N. R.R. A. verrucosa, laf. Shell with several rows of small tubercles. Most of the specimens taken were young, and do not exhibit the tubercles as plain as the full grown ones; some are inclined to be purple within the aperture and on the columella. Subgenus Lithasia, Haldeman, Ihe obovata, Say. Sheil plain, some faintly banded, all are truncate, two to four whorls remaining, Habi- tat, Saline and Little Wabash rivers. The young or half-grown shells answer very well to Mr. Say’s description, but the mature ones pre- sent considerable difference. I cannot see that 94 THE: CONCHOLOGISTS! EXCHANGE: they have any resemblance to Azc. prerosa, as he suggests in his observation. Ata glance I would take them for some of the “heavy pu- peeform or cylindrical species’? of Goniobasis. Some of them compare well with Gor. /epida in general outline, and a few resemble fig. 576, on page 299 of ‘Tryon’s ‘‘ Strepomatide.” Found most plentifully where there was con- siderable current. Subgenus Pleurocera, Rafinesque. P. alveare, Conrad. Shell with a row of small tubercles on the last whorl, four or five striz on the base, wanting on some, first few whorls plicate, to be seen only on young specimens, as all mature ones are decollate. Habitat, Saline river. Common, found in swift water on rocks. P. undulatum, Say. Shell large with an impressed band, tubercu- late on the angle of last whorl; on some the tubercles are hardly discernible. Habitat, Wabash river and ponds. Ali specimens col- lected were in still water, on sand or mud bot- tom, P. moniliferum, Lea. Shell striate on the banded. the same. base, banded or not Close to the last species, and may be Found in the same situation. P. canaliculaium, day. Shell with a deep groove on the last whorl ; difters from the two last species by not having | tubercles, and not so strongly angulate on the periphery. One specimen collected has two well-defined grooves on the last whorl, one of which is on the next two preceding ones. Habitat, Wabash river. P. troostii, Lea. Shell, carinate on the body-whorl; a few faint striz on the base. A few are banded, and some have a slight groove on the last whorl. Habitat, Litthe Wabash and Saline rivers. It is common in the latter stream, and inhabits swift water. P. subulare, Lea. Shell acutely elevated, striate, carinate. rather thin ; whorls ten to twelve. Common in the northern part of the State. Specimens re- ceived from Mr. W. A. Marsh, of Mercer county, are more elongate than those from other localities. P. lewtsti, Lea. Shell striate on the base, carinate, one or more grooves on the last two or three whorls. It is a larger species than 2. sedu/are,and the spire is not as acute. Received from Mr. J. Wolf. Habitat, Spoon river. P. elevatum, Say Shell carinate on the frst few whorls, last one angulate, and differs from /. éewésez in size and not having the grooves or sulcations. Hab- itat, northern part of the State. A form found in the Kaskaskia river has the whorls flat, and they do not increase in size as rapidly as in the northern specimens. Often when the first few whorls are gone the shell has a cylindrical appearance, white within the aperture, and sometimes has two bands. I have sent this form out as P. elongatim, Lea. P. neglectim, Anth. Shell white within epidermis yellowish, car- inate on the upper whorls, base striate, three banded; a few being without bands. Habitat, Little Muddy Creek, Washington Co, At one place where the current is rapid and running over fine gravel and mud, and shaded by for- est trees, they were found in abundance. Genus Goniobasis, Lea. G. costifera, Hald. Shell plicate on the upper whorls, with two or three revolving lines; color, brown or red- dish brown; whorls, 7 or 8. This species is common in the creeks of Hardin Co., and dif- fers somewhat in color and size in the different streams, but the specimens are very much alike in form and markings. There are other species of Govzobasis found in the State, and may be other species of Plew- vocera, but I have seen none of them. Per- haps some of the readers of “THE CONCHOLO- cists’ EXCHANGE can give some information of others. THE » CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. NOTES ON THE UNIONIDA: OF SOUTH- ERN FLORIDA. BY DR. S. HART WRIGHT & BERLIN H, WRIGHT. Unio Buckleyi, Lea. This species is a very marked one, and ought not to be mistaken for any other known Unio. It was first found by the late S. B. Buckley, LL. D., in Lake Monroe, Fla, but is quite common in the St. johns River and its lacustral expansions in South Florida. Mr. Buckley was born and lived nearly all his life near Penn Yan, N. Y. He traveled extensively in the} South to study its new plants, shells and animals, and located finally at Austin, Texas. His Unio is peculiar in having the posterior end elongated and pointed, with a great depressiou of the posterior and dorsal margin, the beaks be- ing far to the aztertor end, andscarcely elevated, the largest diameter being just below and back of the beaks. The young are smooth and rayed faintly, as are the adults when the epidermis is smooth, polished and like horn. Much confusion has arisen about this species, several other species having been distributed by | this name. In some cases a ¢7ezzcation is ap- - parent on the anterior margin as in U. Buddi- anus. Mr. C. T. Simpson has found it on the west side of the State, where it is more cylindrical, and more nearly white, usually being a beauti- ful salmon. ‘The greatest length is vertically through the umbos, and three-fourths of the width forward. U. Buddianis, Vea. Dr, Lea’s figure of this species is faulty in showing a long straight dorsal margin. We - found it plentiful in Lake Woodruff, and in a few other localities, but never found one just like the figured type, the dorsal margin always being more or less arched, but occasionally approximating a straight line. This too is a spe- cies not well known to collectors, and it has been sent out often as U. Buckleyi. It is an oblong species, Buckleyi being ova/, and its length is 50 per cent. of its width. Shell rather thin for its size, usually grayish black, rather flat | and truneated before, above the middle of the anterior margin. U. Blandingianus, Lea. The habitat of Iea’s type was not exactly known, having been brought to St. Augustine by some Indians. We found it in Lake Wood- ruff and in the St. Johns River at Blue Spring Landing. Our specimens are rayed, smooth, and the outline agrees exactly with Lea’s type, but Mr. Simpson found specimens in Manatee River, Ila., on the west side of the State, which are much larger, coarser, squamose, and are like Conrad’s figure of U. viricolws, found in the same region ‘The latter is claimed by Lea, as being his blandingianus, yet it is more distinct than many of Lea’s co-related species. &”. coruscus, Gould. None of Gould’s Florida Uniones were fig- ured, the descriptions of which were published in Latin inthe Proc. Bost. Soc, Nat. Hist. The difficulty of recognizing a Unio from the description alone, is well known to concholo- gists, and this species has been an enigma to collectors generally. ‘The name is w2sleading, meaning columns of light, akin to those seen in the Aurora Borealis. ‘The shell has no such exhibit outside or inside, and is a misnomer. The nacre in perfect specimens is very beautiful being a mixture of copper color and purple, with flashing iridescence of purple and orange posterior. It is a sva// species with thick ray- less valves, deep cicatrices, heavy dorsal and dental plate, all the teeth short and heavy, highly arched just behind the umbos, and slop- ing off each way from that point. Pointed be- hind and rounded or truncate before, epidermis very dark brown, but not “ pitch black,” with many close zones of growth, and _ generally roughish, homely and zo¢ polished. The valves are generally badly crowded in the anterior and umbonial region, giving the shape of a scalene triangle, with the right and left angles or ends somewhat truncated, and nearly of the same size. ‘Typical size 134 inches wide, % long, 5g diam. We found it in Lake Ashby, and in Lake Beresford, the latter being the origina/ locality. None were more than 13¢ inches transversely. Nearly all the pretty shells of central Florida, not exceeding 2% inches, have been distributed very generally as U. coruscus. Gld., none being genuine. To be Continued. 96 THe | CONCHOLOGISES? NECROLOGY. At Buftalo, N. Y., Professor Charles Linden, a well-known naturalist, aged 68. Professor Asa Gray, the eminent botanist and professor at Harvard College for many years, died at Cambridge, Mass., January 30th, 1888, of paralysis, aged 77 years. At Philadelphia, February 5th, 1888, of asthma, Professor George W. ‘Tryon, Jr., in his 50th year. Professor ‘lryon was the author of “Structural and Systematic Conchology,” the ‘* Manual of Conchology,’ and many other kindred works, and was at the time of his death, Conservator of the Conchological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences. A_ bio- graphical sketch of this world-renowned con- chologist will be printed later on in this paper. Gundiachia Ancylifomis Pfr. in Florida. CHAS. TV. SIMPSON. In looking over, a short time ago, a lot of small molJusea collected in Florida, and which I have never had time to carefully examine be- fore, I found three specimens of Gzzdlachia, which, when submitted to Mr. Harry A. Pils- bry, of Phila, were pronounced by him to be G. Ancyliforis, Pfr., a Cuban species that, so far as known, has not heretofore been reported from Florida. They were found ina small hammock near Palma Sola, in Manatee County. This little hammock, which was the head of a small stream that flowed into the Manatee Bay, was not over ten or twelve rods in diameter, a dense tangle of hardwood trees, vines and shrubbery. with a soil almost boggy. In this little spot [ made some remarkable discoveries. I here found Vertigo moliwn, Gould, Vertigo ovata, Say, Carychiuim exiguunm, Say, and the Gundlachia, which, so far as I know, have not been reported from this State, besides Azzcy/us- Suscus, WUald., a rare species ; a specimen of the new species Zonites dallianus, Pils. & Simp., and what is either a young shell of Zonztes cerinoideus, Anth., or possibly a new species and a very peculiar variety of Helix auriculata, Say.: The presence of the Gandlachia helps to strengthen the theory | advanced regarding the distribution of certain tropical species in a former articlt.—Ovgal/ala, Neb., Jan. 31st, 1888. | long distance into the lake at this place. EXCHANGE, Valves. Mr. E. W. Roper, of Revere, Mass., writes : ‘* Did I write in my last letter of the specimens of Bulimius acutius, Mull, alive in my collection ? Three out of a lot sent me in 1886, and labelled Corfu, Greece, are still alive in a box, and do considerable crawling around.” Corrections, November Number: Page 68, col. 1, line 17, for “ Valenctennt, Crosse,” read Valenciennest, Crosse. Crosse spelled the name differently from Webb and Van Beneden. Page 68, col 2, line 27, for not English authors,” read #zos¢ English authors. Mr. 1. A. Pilsbry, formerly of the Davenport (la.) Academy of Sciences, is now connected with the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia, as Professor ‘Vryon’s assistant in the Conchological Section. Mr. W. W. Westgate, of Houston, Texas, writes: ‘I have been following Dr. Sterki’s advice about collecting small shells, and the result was amazing. Ihave secured shells so small that I have to use a good glass to see them at all.” Mr. Joseph Anderson, of Muskegon, Mich., writes: ‘* There is.a long dock built of slabs, edgings, etc., from the mills, which extends a Near the outer end, in about 10 feet of water, a space about 20 feet wide was left, which is spanned by a bridge. It was under this bridge that I found a colony of Unio alatus, Say. They were found on the bottom as close together as they could be packed. I dived to the bottom and filled a fruit basket before coming up. Thus I took out about 600, and there are hun- dreds left. Steamboats are constantly passing under this bridge, causing a strong current to flow throngh the opening, which led me to think that I would find them in the river, but I have been unable to find any outside of the ter- ritory named above. I have found but one locality where Jargazitana complanaia, Say, can be found, but as the bottom is so full of logs and sticks they are hard to get, and after I get them over half prove to be worthless.” THES CONCHOLOGISTS)’- She Conchalogisis’ Erchange. A Publication designed for Conchologists and Scventists generally. Spe UA 8; D MONGHLY WM: D: AVBRELL, Epitor ano PustisHEer 8as-Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all. Matter for publication must be received by the tenth of each month, Draw Money Orders upon Station H, Philadel- phia, Pa. SUBSCRIPTIONS. One year, post- “PAI. ee eeesee cee eseene Reeser ones ssiecs Three months, § Six “ce To Foreign Commies 30 ets. “ Single copies... POSH ADVERTISING RATES. WUTC NW eaten EXCHANGE. Genus Venus, Linn., 1758, There are 176 species living, and 200 fossil, Of the eleven sub-genera, into which the genera is divided, one is represented in Rhode Island by a single species. 166.— Venus ( Crasstvenus) mercenaria, Linn, Syns : Venus mercenaria, Linn. Mercenaria mercenaria, Chenu, Dall. cs violacea, Schum, Stimp., Adams, Desh. cf notata, Desh, Venus notata, Say, Gld., Phil., Delay. “ preeparea, Say, Hanley, Desh. * obliqua, Anton. Crassivenus mercenaria, Perkins. Shell large, thick and solid; surface chalky white with no epidermis ; in young specimens the surface is covered with sharply defined con- centric ridges ; as the shell grows older these become gradually obliterated until the surface is almost entirely smooth ; interior pure white, except at the margin where it is usually of a beautiful purple color. Length, four inches ; height, three; breadth, two. An extremely abundant species in Rhode Island, living at and below low-water mark in sand or mud, and known by the name of Quahog or Round Clam, It is an article of food, and from New York southwards it almost entirely takes the place of the common long clam, ‘The purple border of the inside of the valves was used by the Indians for the manu- facture of wampum, or circulating medium for money; the white wampum was made from the axis of Fulgur carica and Sycotypus canali- culatus. Linneeus, in Syst. Nat. ed xii. p. 1131, 1767, named this species, mercenaria, Schumacher, in 1817, separated from the genus Venus, a new genus which he called mercenaria, and as our species falls in that group, its name becomes mercenaria mercenaria. According to the rules of the British Association, specific names should not be made generic, On this account Dr. a eae — THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 103 Geo. H. Perkins, in the ‘‘ Molluscan Fauna of | BRIEF NOTES ON New Haven,” p. 147, 1869, proposed the name of Crassivenus for this division. We cannot change the specific name, for by so doing we deprive Linnzeus of the honor due to him as its first discoverer, and at the same time Schu- macher is entitled to his generic name by law of priority, but for the reason above given and to avoid tautology, I think it better to adopt Perkins’ genus, although of later date. Con- trary to the plan adopted by most Concholi- gists, | accept Crassivenus as a sub-genus of Venus and reduce Mercenaria to a synonym. The variety notata was described by Say, in Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 11, 271, 1822, as a distinct species. The shell is less solid, and does not attain the size of mercenaria; the con- centric ridges are not so prominent; the surface is not chalky, but shining, approaching a flesh- color, and marked with zigzag flashes of a darker shade on the lower part of the shell; interior of a yellowish white color, without any tinge of purple on the margin and several other minor points of difference. These points are of no value in separating species, as suites of specimens can be arranged, showing all the grades of variation between the most marked opposites ; the colored margin is no criterion, as I have young and old specimens having no color, and also those with the whole interior covered with purple, and others with white centres, and the entire margin colored. To be Continued. NECROLOGY. Wm. L. Mactier, Conchologist, at Philadel- phia, January 20th, 1888. Mr. Mactier was for a number of years an active member of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, | and also an earnest student and collector. He was Treasurer of the Conchological Sec- tion for twenty-one years, in which he was succeeded by Mr. S. Raymond Roberts, of Germantown, Philadelphia. THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MER- CER CO., ILL. BY WILLIAM A. MARSH. Sub-order Hygrophila. FAMILY LIMNA‘ID AE. SUB-FAMILY LIMNAIDA. Sub-Genus Limnophysa, Fitzinger. &7.—Limnea reflexa, Say. Shell fragile, very much elongated, narrow, brownish yellow, translucent, slightly reflected from the middle; volutions six to seven, ob- lique, wrinkled transversely; spire acute, termi- nal whirls vitreous; body whorl very much di- lated; aperture narrow; labrum with a pale margin, and dusky red or blackish sub-margin. This fine shell is rather common in the North- ern States. It is very abundant in all the small lakes of our county, and is also found in some of the larger ponds, in the Mississippi River bottom, but is found nowhere else except in times of very high water, when these shells are carried out of the lakes and then may be found in considerable numbers along the river clinging to limbs of trees and pieces of bark. Swan lake, on the Bay Island, is the place where this fine shell may be found most abun- dant. From the middle of May to the middle of June is the time to look for this shell. During this period it seems to be ,in the heighth of its glory, At this time vast numbers of them may be seen feeding on the various kinds of water plants, floating, shell downwards, on the sur- face of the water. From the middle of June they begin to disappear, burying themselves in the mud. 58.—Limnea desidiosa, Say. Shell oblong, sub-conical, whirls five, very convex, the fourth and fifth very small, the second rather large; suture deeply indented, aperture equal to or rather longer than the spire; labrum, caicareous deposit copious, not perfectly oppressed at base, but leaving a very small umbilical aperture. This is our most 104 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. common Limnzea, being found along the margins of all our small Jakes and Mississippi River | bottom ponds, also in all ponds along our small creeks, especially about springy places, and in grassy marshes. One remarkable feature however is noticeable: that the species attains a much larger size in the ponds of the river bottom than it does in the inland ponds, but is the same in other respects. This species puts in an appearance much earlier in the Spring than the other Limnzas. In the early part of May it may be collected in vast num- bers about springy places, usually from very small to about half-grown. It can then be found crawling around over the moist ground some distance from the water. 89.—Limnea zebra, Vryon. Shell turrited, thin; spire very attenuate; whirls from six to seven, brownish yellow, translucent, irregularly striate, covered with whitish transverse lines or stripes, imperforate; sutures impressed ; aperture narrow, elliptical. It usually has from one to three obscure brown lines within the margin of the outer lip. This very beautiful species is found in small ponds along Pope creek, and in the Doak Swamp, in the Mississippi River bottom, “In the latter locality associated with Lzmnca reflexa Say.” It generally begins to put in an appearence about the first of May, and disappears about the latter part of June. I have taken very young specimens of this shell and put them in an aquarium with //anorbis, Physa, etc. In this condition they grow very much more solid, but attain their growth in a dwarfed condition, not more than half their natural size, and with- out the pale whitish stripes, which always characterize the species in its normal condition. go.—Limnea caperata, Say. Shell somewhat oval, slightly oblong, light horn color; whirls six; apex acute, covered with numerous minute revolving lines; sutures not very deeply impressed; aperture large, fold of the labium not prominent. ‘This fine shell is very rare here. Seven specimens before me, found on the Bay Island, in 1877, is all that I know to a certainty as ever being found in the county. I know nothing of the habits of this shell. It is probably common in the northern portion of the State. A number of years ago I received a large lot of this fine shell, collected by Mr. H. A. Pilsbry, in Iowa. To be Continued. NOTES ON THE UNIONIDA. OF FLORIDA. BY DR. S. HART WRIGHT & BERLIN H, WRIGHT. In Conchology, and especially in the Unioni- dee, it is very often difficult to separate distinct species of the same group. ‘This is owing to the very few distinct specific characters which shells have. In the Unionidz there appears to be a character in the ratio of the altitude (length from base to dorsum) to the transverse or longi- tudinal axis, which we will represent by “ R,” in our notes. In individuals of the same spe- cies, if not very young, “ R” is substantially constant. In co-related species, or in specimens that appear to be the same, if on finding “ R” to be clearly of a different value, the assumption may be taken that the species or specimens are not the same. The location of the tip of the beaks, and (when well formed) of the cardinal teeth, is also a character, and in specimens of the same species having nearly the same size or age, is substantially constant. The location of these joints from the anterior end is readily compared, in two individuals supposed to be alike or un- like, by taking the left valves of each, placing the anterior ends of each against the table or desk, one being horizontal and the inside facing upwards, and the other placed upon it, verti- cally and dorsum downward, will easily show the agreement or non-agreement of the location of the beaks and cardinal teeth. The signifi- cance of the specific names of species, we will » 99 give and the value of “ R. THE : CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 105 U. Anthonyi, Lea, Sig., personal name for I. G. Anthony R—=.57. U. aheneus, Lea, Sig., color of bronze, brass, or copper. R=.40, U. amygdalum, Lea, Sig., shaped like the almond, or its seed R—.70. U. augustatus, Lea, Sig., narrow, R=.39. U. arctatus, Con., Sig., a bow or arch, Notin Florida. R—.55. U. Blandingianus, Lea, Sig., personal name for Dr. Wm. Blanding, R—.65. U. Buckleyi, Lea, Sig., personal name for S, B. Buckley, R=.50. U. Buddianus, Lea, Sig., personal name for Dr. B. W. Budd, R=.51. U. coruscus, Gould, Sig., ‘flashing, glittering, R—.64. U. cacao, Lea. Sig., Bean of Theobroma cacao or coco, R=.69. This is found in West Florida. It has a squarish outline, flattish, chestnut brown, thick dental plate, and carina high. A small species. Unio Cunninghami, B. H. Wright, Sig. Personal name for S. L. Cunningham, the first collector of the species. Size of type 2 by 1% inches. Diameter 1 inch. R=56. Diame- ter being 90 per cent. of 1%, makes it very broad across the back. Epidermis usually a reddish black, shining, smooth above, and striate, and unlike below. Teeth all very ~ heavy, nacre thick, salmon, white or purple. Cicatrices a// deeply impressed. A ventral cicatrix usually is found 4% or &% inch behind the smaller anterior cicatrix. The posterior slope is very depressed and the umbonial ridge being high, a flattened or almost truncated ap- pearance is given to the area below and behind the ligament, the carina being scarcely obsery- able. The lines of growth are numerous and close, showing that the shells, though small, are old, the full-grown specimens being about half or less in size than the mature U. Buckleyi, Lea, the diameter of which is .64 to .75, to which some persons are inclined to refer it. Its great breadth across the dorsum, small size, heavy teeth, and massiveness sufficiently distinguishes it from U. Buckleyd and all others. Habitat Lake Dora, and other lakes in Sumpter county, South Florida. It has a close affinity with U. coruscus, Gld., yet it is very distinct. U. Floridensis, Lea, Sig., name for Florida. R50. This is another West Florida species, and in the same waters as U. cacao, outline obovate, shell thin, light yellow as in the U. Anadon- toides, very narrow in front, rayless, lateral teeth very long and slender, cardinal teeth very small, width of shell 3 inches. Ul. fescatus, Lea, Sig. Dark, the color of the posterior slope, R=.53. Found in Black creek, Florida, width 1.7inches, dark brown, numerous minute green rays, valves ¢iz, and compressed behind. Nacre coppery. Some confusion exists about this species, other species of about the same size, with copper colored nacre, having been taken forit. WU. Jayanus, Lea, Sig. Personal name for Dr. J. C. Jay. R=.48. As Lea named this from a pair of unmated valves, there has been some trouble with it since, and is a species not well known. Valves thin 2.5 by 1.2 inches, color brown, rayless, lateral teeth long and straight. It has an up-turned nose, some like U. xasufus. Habitat Lake Woodruff, Florida. Rather rare. To be Continued. WE propose to issue the number for March much earlier, or know the reason why; and to that end, have shortened this issue. The articles by the Rev. Wm. M. Beauchamp, Mr. B. Shimek, and Mr. Harry A. Pilsbry, will appear in the next number. Several prominent writers have been added to our list of corres- pondents, while we cordially extend to all, the privilege of contributing any articles, either critical or descriptive, which will have the tendency to make the literature of Conchology more popular, terse and handy.—[ Ep. 106 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. Ohe Conchalogists’ Erchange, A Publication designed for Conchologists and Scientists generally. ISSUED MONTHLY BY WM. D. AVERELL, Epitor AND PuBLisHER #@5-Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their habits, localities, etc., kindly solicited from all, Matter for publication must be received by the tenth of each month. Draw Money Orders upon Station H, Philadel- phia, Pa. SUBSCRIPTIONS. One year, post- -paid Laccuaepeameecsenasmesceestanccesci coset Three months, © roe Robe stasecscddionaeas sees Six To Foreign Countries.. To countries not in Universal ‘Postal Union. SINGIC COPIES sce sccncs>~-areseccecsccantreccoccavessssessrshs ADVERTISING RATES. TMi CH ys shes seiecweacss $ .50 column, 1 month, 2.00 1 “column, 1 month, 4.00 1 column, 6 months, 12.00 “ 1% column, 3 months, ri 00 1 column, 3 months.. 8.00 Entered at the Post-office at Philadelphia, Pa., as second- SESE matter. SUBSCRIPTIONS TO ancue II ARE NOW DUE. FOR EXPIRATION OF SUBSCRIPTION SEE DATE ON WRAPPER. Editorial Jlotes. AN adjourned special meeting of the Concho- logical Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, was held at the Academy, on the evening of Wednesday, Feb. 20th, to provide for the continuation of the work of Mr. George W. Tryon, Jr., its deceased Conservator. The following members were present, Dr. W. S. W, Ruschenberger, Direct- Mr. John Ford, Vice-Director; Mr. S. Raymond Roberts, Recorder; and Messrs. or; John H. Redfield, E. J. Nolan, M.D., Benj. Sharp, M.D., Angelo Heilprin, John H, Camp- bell and Wm, D. Averell. Resolutions of res- pect (passed at a former meeting) for the late Wim. L. Mactier,a prominent and useful mem- ber, who died January 20th, 1888, were accept- ed and engrossed upon the minutes. ‘That portion of Mr. Tryon’s will providing for the maintenance of the office of Conservator, and of the Cabinet, was read, and its provisions accepted. Mr. H. A. Pilsbry, formerly of the Davenport (lowa) Academy of Natural Sciences, was elected a member and afterwards chosen Conservator - Action was then taken towards the continuance of the publication of the Manual of Conchology, Mr. Tryon’s latest and greatest work, and Mr. Pilsbry was elected to the position of Editor. Reports of the Publication Committee were read, which showed the work, so far as issued, to be in good shape, and the Section obligated itself to the fulfillment of the late Mr. Tryon’s contracts with his subscribers, so far as laid in their power. The Section then adjourned until its regular meeting in April. QuR readers will note a change in the title of the interesting article upon Florida Unios, by Dr. S. Hart Wright and Berlin H. Wright, The descriptions will now cover the Uniones of the entire State, which makes the article decid- edly more comprehensive and useful, PROFESSOR JOSIAH KEEP, the enthusiastic Californian Conchologist and writer, has sent us a very instructive article, which cannot fail to please our young people, and we sincerely trust that this branch of the service will not be neg- lected in the frantic hunt for heavier game. WE are at work upon an index for the first volume of THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, the first number of which we reproduce on the second page of the cover of this number, No. 1 of Vol. 1 was issued on a postal card, in July, 1886, and although it has improved since then, we need the hearty encouragement of every scientist to make it a final success. To those who are seeking for a first-class investment, we would say, subscribe to THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 107 Young Collectors’ Corner. a CABINET NOTES. BY PROF, JOSIAH KEEP. On the table before me is a drawer from my cabinet of shells, This drawer contains a good many species each one of which is care- fully labelled. A few of the larger shells have their names marked on some smooth surface, with pen and ink, and lie loose within the light and shallow drawer; those which are an inch or two long are in pasteboard trays, with the name upon a small card; the little shells, however, are securely packed in short bottles or glass tubes. The label is written upon a nar- row slip of paper and is placed inside with the shells, and then the bottle is corked. By this arrangement the small shells are se- cure from dust, cannot be scattered, and al- ways haye the proper label with them Be- sides, they take up very little space in the cab- inet, and when they are needed it is easy to re- move the cork and produce the shells for care- ful examination. For very small shells I use two drachm_ho- meopathic vials, while for larger specimens the small wide-mouthed morphine bottles of the druggist are very useful. Naturalists’ tubes are excellent, but are somewhat more expensive than bottles, The pasteboard trays were made for me at a paper-box factory. They are about half an inch deep, and are of different sizes. A good plan is to have a small size as the standard,and make the larger sizes just two or four times as large. Thus the smallest ones may be an inch and a half square; the next size is of the same width but is three inches long, while the larg- est ones are three inches square. In this way they pack together very nicely, and as you will naturally use the smallest size, as far as possi- ble, the room is divided very economically. As to labels, they should give the name of the shell and the locality where it was collected This last information is of particu- lar value, as the name may possibly be chang- ed, but the locality when once determined is a fixed fact. One of my cabinets is a simple and conven- ient case, having two rows of drawers which are so made that they may be easily withdrawn and placed on the table. The slats on which the drawers run are about four inches apart, though a few of them are placed at a greater disance to accommodate larger shells. A pair of doors in front, to exclude the dust, com- pletes the case. Such an one can be made by any carpenter for a small sum, and the young collector who is anxious to have a convenient case without much expense may easily obtain his desire. The shells in the drawer now before me were all found on the coast of California. Their owners lived their little lives in the Pacific Ocean, close tothe shore. Some of them loy- ed to burrow in the sand, others clung to the rocks while the waves dashed over them, while a few preferred deeper water where they sometimes anchored themselves to the long stalls of the great sea-weeds. I know something about a good many of the little creatures whose shells are now so quiet and still in this cabinet drawer, for I gathered them myself, and each box or bottle brings up a long story of an early morning walk, or an afternoon ramble, or a tedious search, successful at last, however, and I can almost hear the swish and gurgle and roar of the waves as I sit here in the quiet room. But though I remember how they were living and where they were resting on those same mornings, still there is not one about which I would not like to find out a great many more facts,—where the little mollusk was hatched, how it looked while young, what were its habits, how old it was and why it was in such a place on that morning when I found it at low tide. Here is one that I particularly love to exam- ine. It is‘the pretty Purple Olive-shell, Oxv- ella biblicata, Sby. It is about an inch in length, with smooth or polished surface, and its color varies from pure white to a rich bluish purple. After a long search I found them abundantly, at the time of the lowest tides, very early in the morning. The little creatures have a beautiful pearl-col- 108 TEE \CONCHOLOGISTS®: EXCHANGE. ored body, and the mantle when extended forms a triangular plow in front of the shell. A breathing tube rises up between the mantle lobes, and when the little fellow is left undis- turbed he quickly plows his way just under the surface of the sand, keeping up a communica. tion with the water above through this eleyat- ed trunk, Here is another shell, one that I found clinging to the rocks, down where the breakers came in wild andhigh. It is shaped like the bowl of a large spoon. ‘The outside is rough and brown, and moreover it seems to have been selected as a building site by several tiny creatures which unhappily perished at the same time that our mollusk lost his vitality. But the inside of the shell is rich and dark and glossy, and as you look at the long mus- cle-scar you seem to see a big ow] solemnly perched in this snug retreat. The shell is named Lottia gigantea, Gray, but, besides its mere name and nature, it tells me a_ story of the hidden beauties of the sea. There are two elements of our being which the study of nature is fitted to develop. One is the intellect, to which pure science appeals, and which calmly and critically examines, de- cides upon and then appropriates the truth as its proper food. The other element is our emotional nature, which rejoices in every re- velation of beauty and which links pleasing associations to every natural object in which are found evidences of taste and wisdom and skill. Happy is the young student who learns to unite the two, who never sacrifices truth for sentiment, but whose life grows richer and happier as he gathers and appropriates the wonderful facts of science. Lxychanaes. FREE TO SUBSCRIBERS. Terms to NON-SUBSCRIBERS, which must be cash with order, are as follows: Exchanges of 20 words, including address, 10 cents; for each addi- tional 10 words the charge will be 5 cents. No ex- change will be inserted for less than 10 cents. Offered.—300 species land, fresh-water and marine shells in exchange for others. Correspond in Vola- puk where possible. A. A. HINKLEY, DuBois, Il. Will exchange a fine set of Agassiz Con. Nat. Hist., 4 vols., 4to cloth, for old historieal works. S. W. HUMPHREY, Dedham, Mass. A collection of minerals, 50 varieties, for | a collec- tion of stamps, coins or Indian relics. All letters answered. WILL. P. ARNOLD, Shannock, R. I. Offered.—Unio lens, subrostratus, sopus, dona- ciformis, metanevrus, ellipsis, pustulatus, alatus. Marg. complanata, marginata rugosa. Anodonta fragilis, parvona, piana, grandis (said by Mr. W. A. Marsh to be very fine and nearly typical.) Pleuro- cera undulatum, troostii, florenceensis. Sph. trun- catum. Lists exchanged. A printed list of Hen- dricks county shells will be sent on application. C. A. HARGRAVE, Danville, Ind. arboreus, Say; viridulus, Menke; limatulus, Ward; fulous, Drap; minuscu- lus, Binn; Patula strigosa, Gld.; striatella, Anth.; Helicodiscus lineatus, Say ; Ferussacia subcylindrica, L.; Pupa muscorum, L.; blandi, Morse; fallax, Say ; armifera, Say; Vertigo simplex, Gld.; Strobila laby- rinthica, Say; Stenotrema monodon, Rack.; leaii, Ward; Mesodon multilineata, Say ; clausa, Say; Vallonia pulchella, Mull.; Suwecinea avara, Say ; verilli, Bland; obliqua, Say, (all other Suecinea) ; Limnea eaperata, Say; humilis, Say; desidiosa, Say: all other Limnca resembling these; all Leptolimnea; Helicina occulta, Say. Specimens are desired from as many localities as possible. Jn all cases a careful description of the habitat of each set of specimens is de- sired. Wand, fresh-water, and marine shells are offered in exchange. List sent on application. Vi- viparide, Strepomatide, Pupade, and Corbiculade are also wanted. B. SHIMEK, Iowa City, fa. WANTED.— Zoniles Offered.—Unio alatus, Say, plicatus, Leseuer, fra- gosus, Con., trigonus, Lea, Maryaritana complanata, Say, and many others, for marine shells. JOSEPH ANDERSON, Box 1955, Muskegon, Mich. Oftered.—70 species of inland and 50 of 1 marine shells for other shelis, Send your list for ours, JOHN M. HOLZINGER, Winona, Minn. American, especially Califor nian, and “European shells to exchange for books and papers on botany, conchology, etc., “for other specimens. G. R. LUMS- DEN, 54 N. Second St., Norwich, Conn. Rare Volutes, Cypreeas, Olivas, Cones and Ss. Ameri i- can Shells wanted. 500 duplicates offered for them. THE CoNCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Wanted.—Scarce Postage Stamps. Offered.—100 varieties of shells, named and local- ized. T. R. SWIFT, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Offered.—Land and fresh water shells from this locality for other shells. Have about 300 of Unio cylindricus, Say; tuberculatus, Barnes; gibbosus, Barnes; rectus, Lam; alatus, Say; verrucosus, Barnes; pressus, Lea; zig-zag, Lea; elegans, Lea; gracilis, Barnes; metanevrus, Rat,; soleniformis, Lea; complanatus, Barnes; cornutus, Barnes, JAMES H. FERRIS, Joliet, Ll. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE, ii STANDARD WORKS ON CONCHOLOGY. SOLD ONLY FOR CASH. CONOHOLOGY. Tryon. Geo. W. Jr. STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC CONCHOLOGY, and, also, MAN- UAL OF CONCHOLOGY. The latest works for Conchologists. Subscriptions taken and filled. Circulars sent on application, SPEcrAL Noricr:—Second-hand copies of Tryon’s | STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMs TIC CONCHOL- OGY for sale at $5.00—Cash. Postage prepaid. Woodward. MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA, ‘with Appendix, by Ralph Tate, 642 pp: 23 plates, 441 figures, 270 illustrations. London, 1880 edition. Price $2.50, postpaid. Formerly, $2.60. The same, 1875 edition, $1.60 postpaid. Keep, Josiah. WEST COAST SHELLS. Mollusca. Especialfy adapted to young collectors. Price $1.75, postpaid. See advertisement. - Synonymy of the Species of Strepoma- tidze. (Melanians) of the United States. By GEO. W.TRYON, JR. Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid. List of American Writers on Recent Con- chology, with Titles of their Memoirs and Dates of Publication. By GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr. Cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid. Monograph of the Order Pholadacea and other Papers. By GEO. W.TRYON, Jr. Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid. Complete Writings on Recent and Fos- silt Conchology of C. 8S. Rafimesque Edited by WM. G. BINNEY and GEO. W. TRY- ON, JR. Cloth, $2.60, postpaid. Descriptions of Shells of North Ameri- ‘ea, with 68 colored plates. By THOMAS SAY 1830-34. Price $10.50, postpaid. Ruschenberger’s Elements of Conchol- ogy from the fext of Milne-Edwardsand Achille- Comte. ’43 edition, 25 cents pp.; ’46 edition, 30 cents pp. Lea, Isaae. SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY OF NAIADES. 4to, bds.,’52 edition. Price $2, post- paid. Monograph of the Terrestrial Molluses of the United States, with illustrations ot all the species. By GEO. W. TRYON, Jr. Fine edition, plate paper, with duplicate plates colored and tinted, $20; colored edition, $13.50; plain edi- tion, $8.50, The | latest work on California and other West Coast | Bernardi, GALATEA ET FISCHERIA, 49 pages, 10 plates, 42 beautifully colored figures, 4to, Paris, 1860. Slightly foxed. Wheatl.y’s copy. Price $4, postpaid, Monograph of the Fresh-Water Uni- \ valve Mollusea of the United States. | By S.S. HALDEMAN, 1840-44, with continuation to 1871, by GEO. W. TRYON, Jr.; 2 vols., with muny colored plates; fine edition; duplicate plates, $40; with colored plates, $25; with plain plates, $18. American Journal of Conchology, 186 °- ZI. Seven vols., 8 mo., 2500 pages, illustrated by 150 plates, many colored, besides about a thousand wood engravings. Published at $70. Price for 7 vols., new, complete, $25. | Mollusea of Massachusetts. By W.G. BIN- | NEY, Boston, 1870; 529 pp.; 12 plates, 11 colored ; 134 figs.; 406 ills.; Syo. New, unused. Price, pust- paid, $15. Baldwin, D. D. Islands, 9 pages, paper. Land Shells of the Hawaiian Price, 25 cts. post-paid. MISCELLANEOUS. Random Notes on Natural History. This journal, now out of print, is rapidly becoming scarce. We offer the back numbers containing the previous chapters of Mr. H. F. Carpenter’s very instructive article upon “The Shell Bearing Mol- lusea of Rhode Island,’ Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.’s “Check List of Shells,” besides numerous articles of interest to the conchologist, at the following prices: Vols Licomplete; . =). :sme $1 50 Vol. I, minus Nos. 1 and 2, . 1 00 Vol. II, complete, : 1 00 Vol. III, complete, . 75 Postage extra in each case at the rate of six (6) cents per volume. American Journal of Science and Art. Vol. XI, 1876. Unbound. Complete $3.75, postpaid. Description of the Inferior Maxillary. Bones of Mastodons. ee. 10 plates, 25 pp. By Isaac Hays, M. D. Price, post-paid, 50 cts. Agassiz Methods of Study in Natural History. 327 pp. ills., 1875. Post-paid, $1.15. The Conchologists' Exchange CHESTNUT HILL, @ PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S. A. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ : EXCHANGE. WE HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE NAMING OF SHELLS AT THE LOW PRICE OF 10 CENTS PER SPECIES. THIS DOES NOT INCLUDE TRANSPOR- TATION WHICH MUST IN ALL CASES BE PAID BY SENDER. All specimens compared with those in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. ANTED—ODD NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF \ \ ‘*Random Notes on Natural History,” containing Mr. H. F. Car- penter’s article on ‘‘ The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,” for which good prices will be paid. 15 cents in cash will be paid for copies of Nos. land 2 of Volume If, in good condition. Good prices paid, either in trade or cash, for Con- chological publications. ADDRESS The Conchologists’ Exchange, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. ~—E HLWILLIAMS. | CHEAP FLORIDA LANDS, HOMES AND ORANGE GROVES WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER, = rom sanm Florida Mollusks, Recent and Fossil for Ex- change. Lists exchanged. Specimens wanted 4475 MAIN STREET, (Below Mehl.) | for De Land University. Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. BERLIN H. WRIGHT, LAKE HELEN, FLORIDA, Large stock of — a | OR SALE, —ASPARAGUS ROOTS. WATCHES, JEWELRY, 1000, $2. Will exchange shells Peas a fen he hyine. specimens of Cactus. &e. . Ao Hinkley, Dubois, dal. ae ie OPTICAL GOODS, Everything guaranteed as represented. | Wyeast HAVE YOU TQ EXCHANGE For a Catarrh Remedy that a Fails? : ae Address, Mrs. E. KE. Yates. Sharon Orders by Mail Solicited. Wisconsin. z Che Conchologists Exchange. COPYRIGHT SECURED, A Monthly Publication designed for Conchologists and Scientists generally. Wm. D. Averell, Editor and Publisher. Vol. Il. MARCH and APRIL, 1888. 7) May % ee Ce IN TEN eS. PAGE. The Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island, H. F. Carpenter, 5 " 109 Brief Notes on the Land and Fresh-Water Shells of Mercer Co., Ill., Wm. A. Marsh, 1@ fo) Notes on the Unionidee of Florida, Dr. S. H. Wright and Berls H. W right, III Lyogyrus, Gill, and other American shells, H. A. Pilsbry, 113 Margaritana Hildrethiana, Lea, B. Shimek, 114 Notes on American Shells, Rey. Wm. M. Beauchamp, 114 A Noted Scientist Dead (Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.) From Phila. Public Laden II5 Bell Taps, : : : : F : 116 Editorial Notes, 117 The Conchologist in Beamuded Me Matthew Tones 118 A Collecting Trip to Onset Bay, Mass., F. C. Baker, . 119 Exchanges, 3 119 Standard Works on Concho 120 CHESTNUT HILL, Philadelphia, Pa. Single copies, 5 cents; 50 cents a year in the United States and Canada; Foreign Countries, 62 cents; Countries not in Universal Postal Union, 75 cents. il DE CONCHOLOGISTS WHAT NEXT? Why just this. After May Ist, 1888, we will give each subscriber sending us 50 cents, a PREMIUM in choice LAND, FRESH WATER 08 MARINE SHELLS, Make your choice of either of the three kinds mentioned, send us 50 cents by Postal Note, and we will send you, post-paid, “THE CONCHOLOGISTS EXCHANGE” FOR ONE YEAR, and a neat box containing 25 cents worth of choice SHELLS as a Premium; or, Berlin H. Wright’s New Check List of North American Unionidzee and other Fresh Water Bivalves (just issued); or, D. D. Baldwin’s Land Shells of the Hawaiian Islands. BUT WAIT! WE WILL GIVE To each person sending us 100 Fifty Cent Subscriptions with the cash, a Premium of $15 in Cash. To each person sending 50 cash subscrip- $7.50 in Cash. To each person sending us 25 cash subscrip- 275 in Cash. Notr.—Subscribers’ names, together with the cash, must be sent to us as soon as received, to insure prompt delivery of the paper. Address, “The Conchologists’ Exchange,” Chestnut Hill, Phila. EXCHANGE. Flelix (Aglaia) fidelis, Gray, Oregon. WEST COAST SHELLS. 3y Prof.Josiah Keep, Mills College, California. A familiar description of the Marine, Fresh Water and Land Mollusks, found in the United States, West of the Rocky Mountains. 182 Illustrations, 230 pages. ‘The frontispiece is a hand-painted engraving of the very rare and beautiful Gabb. To aid in the study of Shells, the pronuncia- tion of the Latin names is indicated, and a Glos- sary, Key, Biographical Index of Naturalists, and a Check List are added. Beautifully printed and bound. Price, postpaid, $1.75. Samuel Carson & Co., Publishers, 208 Post St., San Francisco, Cal. Please mention this paper. EDUCATIONAL REVIBW. A Monthly. Devoted to advanced methods of educa- tion and general culture, with special stress on Natural Science. Wood-cut illustrated lessons on Natural History, etc. EDITORS: PRINCIPAL MACKAY, B. A., B.Sc. (London), for Nova Scotia. ERAGE fo ANDERSON, Prince of Wales Col- e, for Prince Edward Island. PROF REGOn HAY, Ph. B., for New Brunswick. $1.00 PER ANNUM. G0: U. HAY. veh Bs, Sr. JouHn, N. B., CANADA. To whom all communications should be addressed. Surcula Carpenteriana, Managing Editor : Che Conchologists Exchange. OOPYRIGHT SECURED. VoL. II. CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., MAR. & APR., 1888. No. 9. THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE iSLAND. BY HORACE F. CARPENTER. Chapter XLIV. Genus Cytherea, Lam., 1805. Distribution world wide. There are living species and So fossils. 167.— Cytherea ( Callista) Sayiz, Conrad. Syns : Cytherea convexa, Say, Sowb., DeKay, Hanly, Romer, Gld., Adams, etc. Dione convexa, Desh., Reeve. @allista 4“ Dall. Cytherea Sayana, Conrad. “© Sayii, Perkins. 150 Shell oval, thin, convex ; surface dead white, chalky ; interior milk white, polished; beaks elevated and pointing forwards ; in front of the beaks is a heart-shaped lunale. Length, one and three-quarter inches ; height, one and one- half; breadth, one inch. Inhabits from New Jersey to Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is not an attractive looking shell ; it appears like a small, dead quahog. Say’s species, convexa, de- | scribed in Journ. Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila., iv, 149, 1824, was a fossil, and occurs in the mio- cene of Maryland, North and South Carolina, etc. Authors since have called our species by Say’s name, supposing them to be the same, but Conrad, in Silliman’s Jour. xxiii, 345, 1833, described the recent species supposing them still to be identical and named it Sayana, as he | said Say’s name was preoccupied. In _ his “ Cata. of Miocene Shells,’ in Proc. Phil. Acad, Sci, xiv, 575, 1862, while recognizing Cytherea convexa as a miocene fossil, he be- lieves the recent species to be distinct. two species are identical, then Mr. Say’s name should stand, as convexa is not preoccupied in If the | the genus or sub-genus Callista, although it is in Cytherea, If they are not identical, Con- rad’s name is the properone. ‘These shells are | not very abundant in Rhode Island; dead shells are often found on the shores, and live ones are dredged off Rumstick in mud. 168.— Cytherea (Gouldia) mactracea, Linsley. | Syns : Astarte mactracea, Linsley, Gould. Gouldia ce Dall., Binney, Tryon. Shell small, quadrant shaped; apex acute; anterior margin a little concave; basal margin rounded; surface with fourteen concentric valves and striated between the waves by regu- lar, minute, radiating lines. Color pale yellow- ish green, with darker shades in fine radiation, Length and height, each one-quarter inch ; breadth, one-tenth. This species was described from a single valve, found in the stomach of a haddock, at Stonington, Conn., by Rey. James H, Linsley, in Silliman’s Jour,, xlviii, 275, 1845, (name only), and by Dr. A. A. Gould, in the same journal, 233, Sept. 1848. Since dredged in New Bedford Harbor (Prime & Stimpson). Huntington and Greenport, (C. Smith), Prof. Verrill says: ‘ Florida and northern shores of the Gulf of Mexico to Cape Cod. Common, living and of large size, in Vineyard Sound and Buzzard’s Bay, especially at Wood’s Holl, 3 to 10 fathoms.”’ It has not yet been found in Rhode Island. SUB-FAMILY MEROEINA‘) Not repre- sented in the SUB-FAMILY TAPESINA® USS: Sub-family Dosiniinze contains four living genera and four fossil, represented in New England by one species. 169.—Tottenia gemma, Totten, 1834. Syns : Venus gemma, Totten, Gld., DeKay, Wood, Sby., etc. IIO THE - CONCHOLOGISTS » EXCHANGE: Gemma Toiteni, Stimp. Cyrena purpurea, H. C. Lea, Gemma gemma, Desh., Chenu., Adams, Dall., etc. ‘Tottenia gemma, Perkins. Venus Manhattensis, Prime. Shell small, nearly circular, beaks central, slightly elevated ; surface shining, covered with very minute concentric lines; color white, the posterior portion purple inside and out. Length, three-twentieths of an inch; height, one-eighth; breadth, one-sixteenth. Inner margin crenu- lated. inhabits from South Carolina to Lab- rador. This shell seems to combine the hinge of a Venus, the external appearance of a Circe and the deep angular mantle bend ofa Dosinia. Although the first settlers observed this curious little gem and sent home specimens of it to England, no one seems to have taken the trouble to describe it, until Col. Joseph G. Tot- ten, finding it at Newport, R. I., gave a de- scription of it in Silliman’s Jour, xxvi, 367, 1834, under the name of Venus gemma, Deshayes, in 1853, Catal. Brit. Mus., separated the genus Gemma from Venus. The same objections to this name exist as those given under Venus mercenaria. Dr. Perkins, in the ‘‘ Molluscan Fauna of New Haven,” proposed the Genus Tottenia, which I have used in this work. The variety Manhattensis was found near Hell Gate, N. Y., by Temple Prime, who de- scribed it as a new species in Ann. N. Y. Sye. Nat. Hist., vil, 482, 1852. He made it a new species on the ground that the interior of the shell was white and the exterior straw color, and the shape of the shell being more triangu- lar, It is extremely abundant in Rhode Island, and is found in our bay, from circular to trian- gular through all its grades of shape; some specimens are pure white; others with the pur- ple posterior ; same with the anterior and base rose colored and some of a beautiful amethystine purple all over, inside and outside, FAMILY GLAUCOMYIDA. Absent from our fauna (Asiatic), ( Zo be continued.) SUBSCRIBE now and get a premium. BRIEF NOTES ON THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MER- CER CO., ILL. BY WILLIAM A. MARSH. gi.—Limnaea humilis, Say. Shell ovate-conic, thin, translucent. Slight- ly wrinkled, whirls from five to six, convex, ter- minal whirl very minute, often absent, sutures indented, labrum covered with a calcareous de- ° posit, umbilicus distinct, color varying from reddish brown to yellowish white. ‘This is a common species throughout the northern tier of States, but rather rare in this coun- try. It is found sparingly in small ponds and wet, marshy places throughout the whole length of our county, especially along Pope and Edwards Creeks, also about springs along all our inland sloughs. Often found associated with Lizmnwa desidiosa and issometimes difficult to separate from the species. How long this spe- cies may remain buried in the mud, I cannot tell, but I have ponds on my land that have remained dry for three years at a stretch and the fourth year fillmg up with water in which the little Zzmn@a humilis were found appar- ently as abundant as ever. 92.— Limnea parva, Lea, Shell subturreted, thin, smooth, diaphanous, horn color. Subperforated, spire elevated, su- tures impressed, whirls five, convex aperture, elliptical. This very minute species I find about perennial springs, sometimes in water troughs, and cattle tanks, very remote trom any ponds or sloughs. I have often found this little species clinging to the moss collected on the sides of my horse trough, at my barn well, which is nowhere near any pond or slough. How they happened to be found here remains a mystery to me. I have also found this spe- cies in considerable numbers about the margins of small basins on my lands that had been dry for three or four years. 93.—Limnea curta, Lea. Shell subturreted, thin, shining, diaphanous. whirls five to six, terminal whirl very minute, body whirl inflated, yellow aperture, small, THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. elliptical, perforate, columella thickened and reflected over the perforation. I found this shell in 1879, quite plenty in a slough in Green Township, in this county, crawling over flat slabs of coal measure limestone, a short dis- tance below Blaine’s coal shaft. At the time I supposed them to be Amnicolas and only secured about forty specimens. I have looked the same locality over many times since and have failed to be rewarded with a single speci- men. This should prove a warning to shell collectors. When you have an opportunity to secure a shell do not defer it until a more con- | venient season, for very likely it will never come. Genus Physa. Draparnaud. 94.—Physa gyrina, Say. Shell heterostrophic, oblong, rather solid, whirls from five to six, gradually acuminating to an acute apex, sutures slightly impressed, labrum slightly thickened, spire elongated. This very common and well-known species is known to inhabit a very wide area of country, having a distribution from Vermont to Utah, also found in most of the Southern States. It ‘is our most common species, being found in all the sloughs and lakes of the Mississippi River bottom ; along all the creeks that flow through our county above the river bluffs, and also in our small ponds and basins, in many places associated with Physa heterostropha. It va- ries considerably in color, size and texture, be- ing much lighter in color and much more solid in the river bottom than it is above the bluffs. This species is very active both in walking and gliding along on the surface of the waters, shell downward. This very remarkable species puts in an appearence very early inthe Spring, and can endure a considerable degree of cold In the month of April I have watched its mo- tions through the ice, sufficiently thick to bear up a man, and have seen it in vast numbers crawling around on the bottom of shallow ‘ponds. Full of motion and life it remains with us much later in the season than Limnzea as I have found fine specimens in October. 95:—Physa heterostropha, Say. Shell sinistral, subovate, color pale yellow, chestnut brown to reddish wine color; whirls five, body whirl large, the others small, termin- ating abruptly to an acute apex; aperture large, oval, within pearly, often blackish ; lip thicken- ed, sometimes tinged with red. ‘This species has even a much greater distribution than gyrina, being found in the British possessions, all over the United States, and even in Mexico. Here it is much less common than eyr7za, rarely found above the Mississippi River bluffs. It is, however, found in all the lakes and sloughs of the river bottom, often associ- ated with gy7z7za. Both the gyrina and heteros- tropha as found here are very variable, yet it is by no means likely that those variable forms are more than varieties of those two protean species. Genus Planorbis. Guettard. SUB-GENUS HELISOMA, SWAINSON. 96.— Planorbis (felisoma) trivolvis, Say. Shell, pale yellow to light horn color, often chestnut brown, sub-carinate above and be- neath, whirls three to four, striate across, with fine raised equidistant, acute lines, forming grooves between them, spire concave, aperture large, lip a little thickened internally, and of a red or brownish color; vaulted above, umbili- cus large, exhibiting the volutions. ‘This spe- cies probably inhabits all North America, as far south as Mexico, and of course throughout this vast extent of country presents many vyaria- ations. ‘The typical form is not very common in our county, but seems to be found rather sparingly in all stations where there is water. To be Continued. NOTES ON THE UNIONIDA OF FLORIDA. BY DR. S. HART WRIGHT & BERLIN H, WRIGHT. Unio granulatus, Lea, Sig., little grains, R=—=5 0} Shell thin, about an inch long. and resembles U. parvus, Bar. On the beaks, and about 4% inch out, there are several concentric undula- tions or granules, giving the appearance of folds. Epidermis dark olive, generally rayless and generally sulcate in front. Found in Manatee River, on the west coast of Florida, by Mr. C. T. Simpson. An Alabama shell. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. Unio Je vettit, Lea, Sig., personal name for Col. E. Jewett, R=58. Shell oblong, smooth, rather inflated, very inequateral; rather thin, brownish; faintly rayed with distant marks of growth. ‘The epi- dermis is scaly, like that of U. Blandingianus and obesus. ‘The posterior slope is wide and raised into a sharp carina, which descends to- wards the beaks. Nacre white, with salmon near the margin. Lateral teeth very long, lamellar ; cardinal teeth small. Lake Wood- ruff and Lake Beresford, Fla. Unio Kleinianus, Lea, Sig., personal name for J. T. Klein, a Prussian naturalist, who died in 1759, R=75. Shell nearly oval, plicated irregularly be- tween the lines of growth; color dark brown, polished. Posterior slope large, with a high abrupt carina. Umbonial ridge angular. Beak inflated, posterior margin truncated, cavity deep, nacre white. Habitat, Suwanee River, Fla. Unio lepidus, Gould, Sig., elegant, R54. Shell elongated, ovate, thin, ventricose, very inequilateral, oblique: disc olivaceous, scarcely radiated; umbos tumid. Anterior margin rounded, posterior margin arcuate ; cardinal teeth erect, lamellar, fimbriated ; lateral teeth straight, acute Nacre silvery white, iridescent transverse. Axis 23 inches long. Lake Monroe, Fla. Its affinity is very close to U. ¢rosculus, Lea, but is Zexger, more fragile, and cardinal teeth more compressed. Unio minor, Lea, Sig., little, R=g2. The largest specimens we find are 1.3 inches wide, .8 long, and .56 diameter. Shell elliptical when mature, and obovate when young ; very inequilateral ; inflated below the umbos ; near- ly black or olive-green above, not polished, finely striated, with transmitted light a yellowish brown color is noticed. Faint rays are some- times seen. ‘The back view is that of an acute isosceles triangle, like that of U. dectsus, Lea. Umbonial ridge nearly obsolete ; cardinal teeth not bifurcate, many pitted, A distinct cicatrix (the third) may be seen on the side of the front portion of the cardinal teeth. This character is peculiar, and is seen in U7, ¢rosczlus, Lea, in nearly the same position. No other North American species of Unio, it is believed, will show such a cicatrix. Habitats Lake Wood- ruff, Lake Beresford, and found by Mr. C. T, Simpson, near Manatee River, on the west side of Florida. U. modioliformis, Lea, Sig., like the Modiolus in outline, which is a genus of marine bi- valves, so named from their resemblance to a small drinking vessel of the ancients, Shell smooth, obovate, very narrow in front, broadly rounded behind, and sometimes slightly | emarginate on the basal margin, inflated, thin, translucent, brown, grayish-black, or lutescent. Rays usually present and mostly on the poster- ior half. Lines of growth many and close. Nacre thin, cream color or white, mingled with purple. The lateral teeth are slender, long and almost on the very margin of the dorsum. This is a South Carolina species, but we found itin Lake Beresford, and elsewhere in Florida. Lea gives this shell as a sample of the obovate form in page xxvii of the Introductory Chapter of his Synopsis, and yet he classifies it with the ovate shells on page 44. L. C. 4th. Edition. His type was 2.7 inches transversely. We have not found any as large as that, but have specimens, apparently mature, much smaller. (Zo be Continued.) Prof. Faber, of Germany, has invented pen- cils for writing upon glass, porcelain and met- als, in red, white or blue The pencils are made of four parts of spermaceti, three of tal- low, and two of wax, to which he adds six parts of either red lead, white lead, or Prussian blue, according to the color desired, RECOLLECT that on and after May Ist, 1888, all new subscribers, and all old subscribers re- newing their subscriptions, will receive a choice of three premiums, viz: Ist, 25 cents worth of Choice Shells ; 2d, a free copy of Berlin H. Wright’s New Check List of Fresh Water bi- valves of North America; 3d, a free copy of. D. D. Baldwin’s Land Shells of Hawaiian Islands. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 1¥3 LYOGYRUS, GILL, AND OTHER AMERICAN SHELLS BY H. A, PILSBRY, PHILA., PA. The genus Lyogyrus was established in 1862 for the single species Valvata pupoidea Gld. Its distinctive characters as stated by Mr. Gill, are found in the elongated form and | last whorl loose from the preceding. From this last character the shell receives its name, Zyo (zo) meaning loose in the Greek, this in order to correct a false etymology, Zzo- gyrus, that-has found its way into print. This group has been referred to Valvatide as a subgenus of Va/vata by Binney, Tryon, Fischer and others who have treated of it. Upon examining specimens in the Academy col- lection recently, I ascertained the dentition to | be Amnicoloid. The operculum is multispiral, and similar to that of Va/vata, These peculi- arities are sufficient to give generic rank to the group, which may be placed next to 4m- nicola in the system. ‘Tryonin 1883, and Fis- cher in 1885, referred /e¢erocyclus, Crosse, to this genus. Itis hardly worth while to specu- late upon this point until the dentition of the new Caledonian form is examined, A single species, 2. pupoides, Gld., is known. The form recently described as Z. Lehnerti has no affinity with the present genus, but is simply a monstrosity of Amzzcola, possessing paucispiral operculum and other characters of that genus. Such distorted shels are of not infrequent occurrence, and their characters having no constancy, of ever varietal rank can be given them. Although American Conchologists have not been finding “new species” of fresh water shells in the Eastern States for the last decade or two, Continental writers, with delicious cool- ness, continue to describe ‘‘ novelties” from Massachusetts, Maryland, and other well- known localities. In regard to another late edition to the nom- enclature of U.S. shells, we may note that in place of Zrtodopsis Harfordiana, W.G, Bin- ney (preoc in //e/zx), Mr. Tryon, in Sept. 1887. proposed the name of /. Sa/monensis. This will of course take precedence over the name 7. commutanda, Ancey, 1888. I mention | | and specific names recently proposed. | Another of these ‘‘new species ” is the Va/- vata mergella, \Vesterlund, described last year from Alaska. This is nothing more than the striate variety of V. stzcera, Say. The species frequently in the north exhibits strong rib-like strize; and indeed the names I. s¢r?atew, Lewis, and V. Lezwz7st Currier, were applied to this very form, The fact that the nomenclature of our American shells is becoming so over-burdened with synonyms will perhaps justify me in offer- ing a few additional remarks on useless generic In an article in Ze Waturaliste, in which certain of Mr, H. Crosse’s genera are rudely | handled, Mr, C. F. Ancey, proposes for the | Physa (“ Paludina”’) scalaris, Jay, the subgen- eric name of “ 7hompsonia.” And, scalaris being preoccupied in Physa, changes the name of the species also, so as to stand /hysa@ ( Thompsonia) carinifera, Ancey. We will now analyze this result. That this Floridan species is not a Physa was long ago recognized by one of the foremost of American Conchologists, who, in an admirable revision of the Limnue- zde, placed it in the exotic group Ameria. From a study of alcoholic material and very numerous specimens of the shells, I find that the real position of the species is in P/anorbzs, and that some of its varieties are exceedingly close to the Planorbis Duryt, Wetherby. We may consider sca/arvzs to be a lengthened form of the section of Planoréis known as fYelisoma, So much for the generic reference. In view of these indisputable facts, Zompsonta becomes asynonym of /e/isoma. But even if it were distinct, we could not use the name, because it has long been in use in Zoélogy for a univers- ally accepted genus. And since, so far as I can ascertain, sca/aris is not preoccupied in Planorbis, that name may still stand for the species, with carzzzfera as a synonym. Academy of Natural Sciences, Feb., 1888. Prof. Cattell, of the University of Penna., read a paper recently before the Aristotelian Society, at London, on ‘ The Psychological Laboratory at Leipzig.”” The paper appeared in January AZ. 114 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. ' MARGARITANA HILDRETHIANA (LEA.) BY B. SHIMEK, C, E., IOWA CITY, IOWA. Many of our species of A/o//usca are consid- ered rare simply because, seeking secluded or almost inaccessible places, they are seldom found by those who are unfamiliar with their habits. Judging from the notes which have come under the writer’s observation, as well as from his own experience, Margaritana Hildrethiana (Lea) is one of these species. During the Summer of 1887 this species was found in such numbers, and under such peculiar circum- stances, in the Iowa River, Iowa City, that a note of it may be of interest. Living specimens of this species were first discovered after the great overflow of the Iowa River, in 1881, when one of our mill ponds was drained by a washout. ‘These specimens were found burrowing in the mud under large stones in such a position that to get them it was necessary in most cases to re- move the stones. Careful search at different times after this brought nearly 200 specimens to light, which was considered a very large set. During the past Summer, however, a search on the rocky bottom of the Iowa River, west of the city, was rewarded by the discovery of several thousand specimans of this species in good condition and of all sizes, Nearly all of these specimens were found in quiet water bur- rowing wder large slabs of limestone in soft mud, so that to secure the specimens it was necessary to turn the slabs over. Some con- ception of their abundance may be found from the fact that under a single slab measuring 16 by 18 inches, three hundred and twenty-four specimens were found! It may be remarked that the river was very low during the past year, and the place was thus made easily ac- cessible. No doubt the species exists under like conditions in other localities, and this note is offered with the hope that it may lead to its discovery in like abundance where now it is considered rare. January 25, 1888. NOTES ON AMERICAN SHELLS. BY REV. WM. M. BEAUCHAMP. The various notes on American shells in the COoNCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, are becoming of great value, especially some of those on the Unionidze, on which the average col- lector finds it more difficult to get reliable in- formation than on any other. It would be a real boon if the CoNCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE could give serviceable descriptions of the spe- cies of this great group. Our difficulty is the incessant variations in all land and fresh water shells in America; a difficulty which I think Mr. Ancey hardly appreciates. I have always found U. pressus (Lea) a dark green shell with rays, but Mr. Benedict, of Syracuse, N. Y., has given me some from Jefferson County, N. Y., which are orange color and without rays. I have U. complanatus (Sol.) so different in form, size, and color, that they would certainly have been called different species had they been found far apart. A radius of five miles will not allow oftheir separation. Yet ahighly alated specimen from Onondago Lake agrees with no description, and a long compressed specimen, with beaks nearly terminal, from the Erie Canal, seems widely separated from the short, swollen valves of some neighboring streams. Helix albolabris (Say) varies more than many suppose. The shell may be thin or thick, dentate or not, even in the same locality, but the adult specimens that I have collected at the Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence, and the Thimble Islands of Long Island Sound, are more elevated than, and about half the size of, the normal shell. In the same situations LH. thyroides (Say) is small. J%elantho decisus (Say) varies greatly in adjoining waters, and the same thing is true of many shells. Some years ago I announced the discovery of Bythinia tentaculata (Lin.) at Oswego, N. Y., and soon after found it sparingly in the Erie Canal at Syracuse. It has now become the most abundant shell inthe canal in that vicinity. I collected, last Spring, on a gravelly bottom in the canal, favorable to Goniobasts Virginica and Zivescens, but found only dead shells of these, while every stone was occupied by the - THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 115 Bythinias. I think they devoured the food of the others, and so starved them out. The American shells in this way were yielding to foreign invaders. ‘The latter thrive here and better specimens can now be had in New York than in Europe. Though Carychium exiguum (Say) belongs to low lands, I have found it at the base of lime-stone cliffs, and other shells may as unex- pectedly occur. A NOTED SCIENTIST DEAD. GEORGE W. TRYON, JR., THE EMINENT CON- CHOLOGIST, AND HIS WORK FOR SCIENCE. George W. Tryon, Jr., whose death occured on Sunday afternoon, February 5th, 1888, was, since the death of Mr. Lea, the most prominent conchologist in this country, if not in the world, and his loss will be severely felt, not merely in this city, but wherever natural history is studied. He was the son of the well-known gun- smith of this city, Edward K. Tryon, and was born in the Northern Liberties, on Green Street, between Front and Second, May 20, 1838. His education was gained at Friends’ school, | and at an early age he engaged in business with | his father and brother ‘The lack of collegiate education he amply made up in later life by private study. His early years were devoted assiduously to his business and to his studies, and his attention having been concentrated on natural history, and especially on the study of shells, he withdrew in 1867 from business in order to devote himself solely to his favorite pursuit. A man of untiring energy and perse- verance, he soon became eminent in this do- main of science. His first paper was published in the proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences for 1881, under the title “‘On the Mollusca of Harper’s Ferry, Virginia”? In 1865 he established the “American Journal of Conchology,”’ of which seven annual volumes were issued. ‘To this, and to the proceedings of the Academy he contributed numerous pa- pers, numbering at the end of 1873 no less than 64 contributions to this favorite science, all show- ing characteristic accuracy of detail and patient research. In addition to these papers he also issued a bibliography of American Writers on Conchology in 1861; a “ Monograph of the Fresh Water Univalve Mollusca of the United States,’ in continuation of Haldeman’s work on the same subject; a “Synonymy of the Species of Strepomatide,” in 1865; a ‘“* Mono- graph of the Terrestrial Mollusca inhabiting the United States,’’ 1866; an “American Ma- rine Conchology,” 1873; the third volume of the ‘‘Land and Fresh Water Shells of the United States,”’ published by the Smithsonian Institution, and a “ Structural and Systematic Conchology,” in two volumes, issued in 1883. The latter is a magniflcent work, profusely il- lustrated, but was only preliminary to the crowning work of his life, which, unhappily, he has been unable to finish, This was his * Manual of Conchology, Structural and Syste- matic,” of which the first volume appeared in 1879, and of which nine volumes of the first series, on marine shells, and three of the sec- ond, on land she'ls, have been issued. It is no exaggeration to say that this is the most exten- sive systematic work on any branch of natural science which has yet appeared in the United States. The amount of labor involved in the preparation of such a monograph can only be appreciated by those familiar with the vast collections at the Academy of Natural Sciences, which formed its basis and the ever-increasing literature of con- chology, with which it had to keep pace. Four lithographic artists and ten or twelve col- orists were constantly engaged in the prepara- tion of the beautiful illustrative plates, while the author’s entire time was devoted with in- defatigable industry in the preparation of the regularly issued text. The reliability of the work was at once recognized on the appearance of the first number, and it is gratifying to be able to states that the enterprise met with an encouragment which was most gratifying to the author, and stimulated him to continual exertion, But his literary industry did not prevent him from serving the Academy of Natural Sciences in many other ways. Elected a member of the Academy in June, 1859, he was conservator of the Conchological Section from the latter’s formation in 1866, and was Secretary of the 116 Board of Trustees of the Building Fund of the Academy, to which he contributed $3000, He was curator of the Academy from January, 1869, to July, 1876, this period covering the time when the institution was removed from Broad and Sansom to its present location. Much of the labor and responsibility of this re- moval rested on Mr. Tryon, who gave up his whole time to the work. It is impossible to enumerate all the services for which the Acad- emy is indebted to Mr. Tryon’s self-sacrificlng spirit. His greatest service was undoubtedly given to the branch of science to which his whole life was devoted. On the upper floor of the Academy museum is arrayed a collection of shells, which is stated to be one-third larger than that of the British Museum, the only other collection with which it can be compared. This collection was largely the gift of Mr. Try- on, and its beautiful arrangement is wholly his work. As the visitor passes along the rows of cases, which seem endless, he sees displayed betore him a representation of the conchology of the world. Scarcely a known species of all the tens of thousands described is missing, and the arrangment is such that any particular species may be found at once with its congeners about it. The library of the Academy has re- cently been described in these columns. Speaking of this particular branch, the article said: ‘On conchology the library contains, it is believed, every important title ever published on that subject. The collection has been very much increased by George W. Tryon, Jr., who gave his own valuable library, and has kept up full knowledge on the subject by his important work, ‘The Manual of Conchology,’’ which has exhausted the bibliography of the subject. Mr. Tryon was also well known in musical circles, He edited for Lee & Sheppard a pamphlet series of operas, which is very popu- lar, and essayed on several occassions original music work, including an opera. Mr. Tryon’s death was very unexpected, and appears to have resulted from heart failure. He was seized about a week ago with what appeared to be an attack of asthma, from which he seemed recovering, when he was again sud- | denly attacked, and died on Sunday afternoon. —Phila. Public Ledger, of Feb. 7th, t888. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. BELL TAPS. THE Rey. Hiram C. Hayden, a graduate of Am- herst, has been chosen President of Adelbert College. HARVARD receives Dr. Asa Gray’s copyrights and collections of photographs. Mr. JABEZ P. PENNINGTON, of Newark, N. J, and a graduate of Princeton, Class of ’23, died March 27, aged 86. Mr. ANDREW LANG, hasbeen chosen for the Gifford Lectureship at St. Andrew’s University, Edinburgh. Hon. C. W. WoopMAN, a prominent graduate of Dartmouth College, died recently, aged 78. RicHarD E. KEMBLE, the oldest living graduate of Columbia College (Class of 718), died recently, aged 88 years. Pror. N. E. Crospy, of Columbia College, recently returned from Greece, where he has been for a year or more in learning the modern Grecian tongue. A. AuGust PortER, who died March 15th, was an Amherst graduate, and guined prominence for his vigilance as U.S. Consul at Clifton, Ontario, during the war. THe Philadelphia Social Science Association will soon issue a2 monograph on Chairs of Pedagogics in our Colleges and Universities, by Prof. E. T. James, of the University of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Lucy M. MrircHeELL, who died in Berlin, March 10, was the author of History of Ancient Sculp- ture, (New York. 1883) had gained part of her educa- tion at Mount Holyoke Seminary. THREE names, well-known in the United States, are mentioned in connection with the vacant Chair of Botany in the University of Edinburgh: viz.: Professors Balfour of Glasgow, McNab of Dublin, and Traill of Aberdeen. Pror. JEREMIAH TINGLEY, of Alleghany Collars has been chosen to succeed Prof. Hugo Blanck, in the Chair of Chemistry, at the Western Pennsylvania Medical College. ProF. VON HELMHOLTZ has been appointed Presi- dent of the Imperial Physico-Technical Institute, at Charlottenburg, Prussia. Your attention is directed to the Premium Offers on second page of cover. We have several thousand shells which we will distribute in this way to all subscribers sending us 50 cents after May 1, 1888. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 117 in exchange should be determined by Bhe Srcehctonists cine: | their rarity, condition and history. Should a shell be rare it cannot be rea- A Publication designed for Conchologists and | sonably expected for a common one. A Scientists generally. ISSUED MONTHLY BY WM. D. AVERELL, Epitor AND PuBLisHER 8a Correspondence upon Conchology, as well as reliable items of interest concerning the Mollusca, their habits, localities, ete., kindly solicited from all. Matter for publication must be received by the tenth of each month. Draw Money Orders upon Station H, Philadel- | phia, Pa. SUBSCRIPTIONS. One year, post-paid.......... Three months, us Six fe To Foreign Countries.. ... -ocece To countries not in Universal Postal Union. pee qiay 2 SinpleycOplesscaccercecsseccsesvecceccnenenscnemaewenttacescacs Gye ADVERTISING RATES. Vapi Cliteesscndesececocovees 20) | La Chiseeeesecerernsnscesse $ .50 1 4nch, 3 months....... 1.00 | 44 column, 1 month, 2.00 ¥% column, 3 months, 4.00] 1 “column, 1 month, 4.00 1 column, 3 months.. 8.00 | 1 column, 6 months, 12.00 Entered at the Post-office at Philadelphia, Pa., as second-class matter. SUBSCRIPTIONS TO VOLUME II ARE NOW DUE. FOR EXPIRATION OF SUBSCRIPTION SEE DATE ON WRAPPER. Editorial Zlotes. SEVERAL communications have been re- ceived asking us for our opinion upon what we shall term the Standard of Exchange. What shells to exchange, and how to exchange them to the best advantage, must be determined by the owners, while the number and quality of specimens to be sent must be regulated by the | genera, such as Mya, number and quality of specimens to be received; that is self-evident. The relative value of shells Scalaria pretiosa would not be traded evenly, by a well-informed collector, for a Purpura hemostoma, simply because, as values run, shells such as these are greatly different i in price. And so with all shells, concessions should be made and extra specimens sent by the collector offer- ing ordinary shells for rarer ones. A reliable price list will be of great aid in adjusting ex- changes. Condition is also a very important preliminary to atrade, as no one wants poor shells, and everybody wants good ones. There are occasions, however, when a poor shell is | far more valuable than a good one, simply be- cause of its rarity and value for study. In the case of rare bivalves a single valve is accepta- ble to many collectors who value true science above mere show and who prefer half a shell to none at all. Therefore, condition, while exceedingly important in exchanging, must de- pend upon rarity in many cases ; ‘while in a moral sense, and everything else being equal, it is both wise and safe to treat your corres- pondents liberally, and to send them as good shells as theysend you. So far as possible shells sent in trade should have the epidermis, and should be free from borings, cracks and scratches. Bivalves should be matched, with hinge entire, and when belonging to the gaping Pholas, Petricola, etc., should have as much of the mantle preserved as possible; teeth perfect, and umbones, unless naturally eroded, entire. Univalves should have the spire intact unless zaturally decollated as in many Melanias, Viviparas, etc.; the operculum should be provided where possible; and in all cases the body-whorl should be en- tire and wot filed. Wy the history of a shell we mean its name and location and other data which is ordinarily } laced upon a label. Col- lectors offering shells with complete and accur- ate histories can com:nand better trades than those having the material without that ad- vantage. In these days of hurry we all want to save as much time as possible and readily recognize the importance of trading with those having desirable shells, in good condition, and provided with reliable histories. 118 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. Young Collecfors’ Corner. The Conchologist in Bermuda: BY J. MATTHEW JONES. Each year, when the Autumn days return, and the sear and tinted leaves fall before the chilly blast, how often do we sigh in memory of ‘*the days of auld lang syne” when the pleasant balmy breezes of the “still vex’d Bermoothes ”’ kindly fanned us as we roamed along the coral strand, or traversed the half- submerged reef, laved by the tepid waters of the Gulf Stream, without whose aid those fair isles would not have been. Yes, if the con- chologist could only command the wild bird’s wing and flit from the rude north to the gentle south at his own sweet will, one flight would assuredly be to those dear old ocean isles where many a happy day was spent bagging the numerous specimens now stored away among our many treasures and valued more highly than purest gold: Perhaps no locality in the wide world could present a more charming and interesting field to the conchologist, or perhaps we should say the general marine zoologist, than the Bermu- das, for apart from the consideration that the position of the place is so remote from any | other terresterial formation, the chances of ob- taining by thorough search, extremely rare and in several cases entirely new forms gives a smack ofexcitment to every day’s investigations wholly unknown to the collector working on | well known and exhausted shores. First to attract the collector’s attention are the Littorinas, here represented by northern forms, whose original habitat was the Carib- bean Sea, ZL. muricata and L. dilatata are by far the most numerous, while Z. scadra occurs in some abundance in the mangrove swamps, those sheltered inlets where the cu- rious matted roots of that tropical tree sink deep into the rich mud watered by the flow of each coming tide. ZL. z2czac, although not rare, is yet not common, and Z. mauritiana, which we think may prove to be but a variety of 2iczac, 1s very rare. The Neritas come next, Verita fessellata being especially abundant. AV. felovonta, com- monly called “ bleeding tooth,” is not by any means common, and the collector may consider himself lucky if he gets a dozen good specimens in his day’s ramble. The mollusca appears to be gregarious, for it is rarely to be found singly, generally two or three together, and sometimes the minute young with them. Numbers of the dead shells of JV. ¢esse/lata are tenanted by hermit crabs, and the little rock pools at low tide are rendered quite animated by the move- ments of these crustaceans carrying their bur- dens hither and thither, while the larger hermit crabs occupy the 777bo pica shells, and seem to keep away from the reach of the tide, and mounting in some cases even the higher ground of the cliffs, some fifteen or twenty feet above the sea, Occasionally after a northerly storm, when the bays and inlets become filled with a solid mass of gulf weed (Sayanum bucciferum) the floating Janthina of two species comzmnis and globosa occur in myriads of all sizes, and with them and of the same lovely violet, the oblique bellela, of which whole fleets are stranded on the shelving rocks of the northern shore The Limpets are represented by /ésszzel/a barbadensis and Siphonaria brunnea, the latter in great abundance adhering to the smooth water-worn shore rocks near high water mark, while the former shelter themselves underneath the tubular rocks or wherever they are not exposed to the force of the raging waters. Chiton squamosus occurs in great abundance, lining the smooth water worn sides of the chan- nels and indentations of the shore rocks between tidal marks. Old and young are massed to- gether. The largest I have ever taken measured 5 inches in length by 2 inches, 3% lines in breadth. It is called ‘‘suck-rock’’ by the natives. ( Zo be continued.) Don’? forget to tell your friends that THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE is alive and well, and that for 50 cents they can read it for one year, and get the choice of 3 fine Premiums. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ - EXCHANGE. 11g Editor THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE: Sir—Thinking it might be of interest to the read- | ers of THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, I give you herewith the result of one hours collecting at Onset Bay, Massachusetts: Urosalpinx cinerea, Say, . . 50 specimens. fupleuwra caudata, Say,. . . . . 4A : Fulgur carica, Gmelin, a, lO Sycolypus cunuliculatusy oo 8 “ Phrontis vibex, Say, 15 ‘ Tritia trimtatta, Say, 50 oa Tlyanassa obsoleta, Say, , 50 ee Mitrelia lwnata, Say, . 100 i Neverita duplicata, Say, 15 ef Crepidula conveaxa, Say,. 25 i fornicata, Linn,. 30 as Litiorina palliaia, Say, 25 S Me littorea, Linn, 50 if Biltiwm nigrum, Stimp, . .. . Triforis nigrocinctus, Adams, . Colliselia testudinalis, Mull, . . . 3 Chetopleura apiculatus, Say,. . . 2 i Melampus bidentatus, Say, 20) Ensatella Americana, Gould, . . 10 se Solecurtus gibbus, Spengler, . . . 5 Macoma fusca, Say, ; seus B25 re Crassivenus mercenaria, Linn, 10 ss Mya arenaria, Lind,. . ... 20 “ Argina pexrata, Say, 20 os They were mostly live specimens. Specimens of Mitredla lwnata were very plentifu upon the sea-weed, from which I collected them by seraping with a small piece of wood, from the sea- weed upon a large flat rock, and thence into a small bottle. The specimens of Phrontis vibex seemed to forma small colony, and were only found in a small space about one foot square, and nowhere else in the bay. Fulger carica and cunaliculatus were very large, handsome specimens, averaging from six to seven inches in length. ' Lalso wish to report the finding of a specimen of Se ga crispata, Linn, at Newport, R. I., which escaped the ever watchful eye of Mr. Carpenter. This is the first specimen of Zirphea crispata which has tomy knowledge been found in Rhode Island; they are found at Nahant Beach, Mass., very large and fine; my specimen is a very small one, but perfect in every respect. Length, '4 inch; height, 5-16 Providence, R. I., Ap. 23, 1888. F. C. BAKER. It is said that Herr Ladewigg, a German, has invented a paper that resists the action of both fire and water. It is composed of 25 parts of asbestos fibre, with from 25 to 30 parts of aluminum sulphate, after which the mixture is moistened with chloride of zine and thor- oughly washed in water. It is then treated with a solution of 1 part of resin soap in 8 to 10 parts of a pure aluminum sulphate, after which it is made into paper in the usual way, | any other county of the United States. | Helicinuw oceulta, Say day tpauges. FREE TO SUBSCRIBERS. Terms to NON-SUBSCRIBERS, which must be cash with order, are as follows: Exchanges of 20 words, including address, 10 cents; for each addi- tional 10 words the charge will be 5 cents. No ex- change will be inserted for less than 10 cents. in return for those of WM. R. San Francisco, Shells of San Francisco Co. ECKART, JR., 2906 California St., Cal. Offered.—Land, fresh water and marine shells. (recent and fossil) ; Puncium Pygmaeum, Drap; Pupa Blandi, Morse (fossil); Marg. Hildrethiana, Lea; Acmea testudinalis, Mull; ete. ete. Wanted—Sirepomatide, Viviparide, Pupade, Succinea Corbiculade, SHIMEK, Iowa City, Ia. Limnaeide, Unionidaec.. B. Wanted—Land shells of Florida and Texas. Offered —50 species of California Marine, 150 species of Foreign Land and Marine Shells. G. W. MICHAEL, cae “Morro, Cal. fra- trigonus, Lea, Marvaritana complanata, JOSEPH Oflered.—Unio mate Say, plicatus, Leseuer, g6sus, Con., Say, and many others. for marine shells. AN DERSON, Box 1955, eee ae Mich. Offered.—70 species of inland and 50 of marine shells for other shelis. Send your list for ours. JOHN M. HOLZINGER, Winona, Minn. Will exchange a fine set of Agassiz Con. Nat. Hist., 4 vols., 4to cloth, for old historieal works. S. W. HUMPHREY, Dedbam, Mass. A collection of aieniae 50 varieties, for a collec- tion of stamps, coins or Indian relics. All letters answered. WILL. P. ARNOLD, Shanneck, R. I. Offered —Unio lens, subrostratus, Avsopus, dona- ciformis, metanevrus, ellipsis, pustulatus, alatus. Marg. complanata, marginata rugosa. Anodonta fragilis, parvona, piana, grandis (said by Mr. W. A. Marsh to be very fine and nearly typical.) Pleuro- cera undulatum, troostii, florenceensis. Sph. trun- catum. Lists exchanged. A printed list of Hen- dricks county shells will be sent on application. C. A. HARGRAVE, Danville, Ind. Otfered.—300 species land, fresh-water and marine shells in exchange for others. Correspond in Vola- puk where possible. A. A. HINKLEY, DuBois, Ill. 120 THE - CONCHOLOGISTS”: EXCHANGE, STANDARD WORKS ON CONCHOLOGY. SOLD ONLY FOR CASH. OONOHOLOGY. Tryon, Geo. W. Jr. STRUCTURAL SYSTEMATIC CONCHOLOGY, and, also, MAN- UAL OF CONCHOLOGY. The latest works for Conchologists. Subscriptions taken and _ filled. Circulars sent on application. SprciaL Norice:—Second-hand copies of Tryon’s STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMAs TIC CONCHOL- OGY for sale at $5.00—Cash. Postage prepaid. Woodward. MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA, with Appendix, by Ralph Tate, 642 pp: 23 plates, | 441 figures, 270 illustrations. London, 1880 edition. Price $2.50, postpaid. Formerly, $2.60. The same, 1875 edition, $1.60 postpaid. Keep, Josiah. WEST COAST SHELLS. The latest work on California and other West Coast Mollusca. Especially adapted to young collectors. Price $1.75, postpaid. See advertisement. Synonymy of the Species of Strepoma- tidae. (Melanians) of the United States. By GEO. W. TRYON, JR. postpaid. Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, List of American Writers on Recent Con- chology, with Titles of their Memoirs and Dates of Publication. By GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr. Cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid. Monograph of the Order Pholadacea and other Papers. By GEO. W. TRYON, JR. Price in cloth, $2; paper, $1.75, postpaid. Complete Writings om Recent and Fos- sil Conchology of C. S. Rafinesque. Edited by WM. G. BINNEY and GEO. W. TRY- ON, Jr. Cloth, $2.60, postpaid. Descriptions of Shells of North Ameri- ea, with 68 colored plates. By THOMAS SAY 1830-34. Price $10.50, postpaid. Ruschenberger’s Elements of Conchol- ogy fromthe Text of Milne-Edwards and Achille- Comte. °43 edition, 25 cents pp.; 746 edition, 30 cents pp. Lea, Isaac. SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY OF NAIADES. 4to, bds.,’52 edition. Price $2, post- paid. Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca of the United States, with illustrations of all the species. By GEO. W. TRYON, JR. Fine edition, plate paper, with duplicate plates colored and tinted, $20; colored edition, $13.50; plain edi- tion, $8.50. AND | | | Bernardi, GALATEA EY FISCHERIA, 49 pages, 10 plates, 42 beautifully colored figures, 4to, Paris, 1860. Slightly foxed. Wheatlcy’s copy. Price $4, postpaid. Monograph of the Fresh-Water Uni- valve Mollusca of the United States. By 8.8. HALDEMAN, 1840-44, with continuation to 1871, by GEO. W. TRYON, JR.; 2 vols., with many colored plates; fine edition; duplicate plates, $40; with colored plates, $25; with plain plates, $18. | American Journal of Conchology, 1865- 74. Seven vols., 8 mo., 2500 pages, illustrated by 150 plates, many colored, besides about a thousand wood engravings. Published at $70. Price for 7 vols., new, complete, $25. Mollusca of Massachusetts. By W.G. BIN- NEY, Boston, 1870; 529 pp.; 12 plates, 11 colored ; 134 figs.; 406 ills.; 8vo. New, unused. Price, post- paid, $15, Baldwin, D. D. Land Shellsof the Hawaiian Islands, 9 pages, paper. Price, 25 cts. post-paid. Wright, Berlin H. Check List of North Amer- ican Unionide and other Fresh Water Bivalves; 8 Pages, paper. Just issued. Price 25 cents, post paid. MISCELLANEOUS. Random Notes on Natural History. This journal, now out of print, is rapidly becoming scarce. We offer the back numbers containing the previous cbapters of Mr. H. F. Carpenter’s very instructive article upon ‘The Shell Bearing Mol- lusea of Rhode Island,’ Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.’s “Check List of Shells,” besides numerous articles of interest to the conchologist, at the following prices: Vol. I, complete, . ; $1 50 Vol. I, minus Nos. 1 and 2, . 1 00 Vol. II, complete, Sign tod Bly) Vole LDL Complete; uae emer e 75 Postage extra in each case at the rate of six (6) cents per volume. American Journal of Science and Art. Vol. XI, 1876. Unbound. Complete $3.75, postpaid. Description of the Inferior Maxillary’ Bones of Mastodons, «te. 10 plates, 25 pp. By Isaac Hays, M. D. Price, post-paid, 50 cts. Methods of Study in Natural History. Agassiz. Post-paid, $1.15. 327 pp. ills., 1875. ADDRESS The Conchologists’ Exchange CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S. A. THE - CONCHOLOGISTS’ -: EXCHANGE. ill WE HAVE MADE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE NAMING OF SHELLS AT THE LOW PRICE OF 10 CENTS PER SPECIES. THIS DOES NOT INCLUDE TRANSPOR- TATION WHICH MUST IN ALL CASES BE PAID BY SENDER. All specimens compared with those in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. ANTED—ODD NUMBERS AND COMPLETE VOLUMES OF \ V ‘“‘Random Notes on Natural History,” containing Mr. H. F. Car- penter’s article on ‘‘ The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,” for which good prices will be paid. 15 cents in cash will be paid for copies of Nos. land 2 of Volume I, in good condition. Good prices paid, either in trade or cash, for Con- chological publications. GCiUASS Bap S AND BOAELES For Shells, in all sizes and styles, supplied at the shortest notice, and at cheap rates, PASTEBOARD TRAYS FOR SHELLS, In Sizes to Suit. ADDRESS The Conchologists’ Exchange, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. iv EEE“ CONCHOLOGISTS? * e EXCHANGE. E. H. WILETAMS WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER, 4475 MAIN STREET, (Below Mehl.) Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. Large stock of WATCHES, JEWELRY, SILVERWARE, OPTICAL GOODS, &c. suerything guaranteed as represented. Orders by Mail Solicited. The West ae Scientist. volume as a 24-page illustrated monthly magazine of POPULAR SCIENCE. A feature consists of articles on topography and | natural history of Upper and Lower California. Eminent Scientists are contributors. Price, $1.00 per year, 10 cents per copy. Send 25 cents fora 4 months’ trial subscription. Agents wanted. C. R. ORCUTT, Eborror. San Diego, Cal. Fossil - A large variety of very fine Fossil Ferns from Mazon Creek, Grundy Co., Ill., properly named, for sale cheap, or would exchange for choice Marine Shells. J. CG. CARR, Grundy County National Bank, Morris, Ill. THE ROWLAND HILL Stamp Packet, (‘11° Reliable, cheap and worth twice the money. No Approval Sheets. Sold only in packets. Price 25 cents, post paid. T. R. SWIFT, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. CHEAP FLORIDA LANDS, HOMES AND ORANGE GROVES BO. bb SS Aves Florida Mollusks, Recent and Fossil for Ex- change. Lists exchanged. for De Land University. BERLIN H. WRIGHT, LAKE HELEN, FLORIDA Specimens wanted JUST OUT BERLIN H. WRIGHT'S | i . ae > | Check List of North American Unionide and This Journal, established in 1884, begins a new | | paid. other Fresh Water Bivalves. Address 25 cents, post- The Conchologists’ Exchange, CHESTNUT HILL, PHILA. CRAIG, FINLEY & CO., STEAM-POWER -LITHOGRAPHERS and PRINTERS, 1020 ARCH STREET, PHILADELPHIA. Send for Samples. Estimates Cheerfully Given. HAT HAVE YOU TO EXCHANGE For a Catarrh Remedy that never Fails? Address, Mrs. E. E. Yates, Sharon, Wisconsin. THE NAUTILUS. 43 INDEX TO CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. 1 AN INDEX TO THE ‘‘ CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE.” The publication of this magazine was commenced by Mr. Wm. D. Averill, of Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, in July, 1886. The first number was printed on a postal card. The August number (No. 2) consists of four pages, without pagination, size 53 x 63 inches. The September number contains six pages, without pagina- tion. October number contains eight pages, which are numbered, the first being page 11; the last page (18) is blank. November number contains six pages. December number, eight pages and the last page is blank. January and February numbers (1887) each contain eight pages. March and April (Nos. 9 and 10) were printed together as a “ double number,” which consists of twelve pages. The May and June numbers each contain twelve pages and are a little larger, 53 x 7 inches. Vol. I, complete, contains 84 pages. Vol. I, Nos. 1 and 2 (July and August, 1887) each contain 16 pages. September number contains 12 pages, and with this num- ber there was another increase in size to 5% x 72. October and November numbers each contain 16 pages. December number, 12 pages. January (1888) number, 12 pages, plus a cover (pp. i-iv) of the same kind of paper. February number contains 8 pages and a cover (pp. i-iv). March and April were printed tpgether, but as one number (No. 9); this contains 12 pages and a cover (pp. i-iv)» and this was the last number published. Vol. II, complete, con- tains 120 pages, exclusive of cover pages. No index to either vol- ume was issued. The “ Exchange” contains many new generic or subgeneric names, with other important changes in nomenclature, and some new species. The Index herewith given has been ar- ranged to aid conchologists who have not access to a complete copy of the original publication. It has been cut into short pages in order that those who have the Conchologist’s Exchange may bind this Index with it—H. A. P. & C. W. J. 44 THE NAUTILUS. il INDEX TO CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES IN THE CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, Vozs. I ann II. Amnicola porata, A. limosa, A. cincinnatiensis, A. parva, Anatina papyracea Say, é Anceyia Pilsbry, n. subg. (Pristina Ancey being preoe cupied in Vermes), ; : Ancylus fuscus Adams; Ancylus par alellus Hald., Angasella Ancey, n. subg., type Helix cyptopleuse Pfr. ; Australia, Angitrema armigera Say, A. verrucosa Raf, : 3 Angrandiella Ancey, n. subg., type Helix agora Morelet ; Andes of Peru, ; Anodonta gibbosa Say and A. couperiana Lea, Anodonta edentula Say, Anodonta ferussaciana Lea, Anodonta imbecilis Say ; Anodonta grandis Say, Anodonta plana, A. corpulenta, A. suborbiculata, Arion subfuseus and Helix hispida var. fusca in York- shire, Atlantica Ancey, n. subg, type Helix semiplicata Pfr. ; ; Madeira, Averellia Ancey, n. subg. ,—Ccelospira Ancey non “Hall, Bathyaxis, Ancey, n. subg., type Ceeliaxis Layardi Ad. & Angas; Cape Colony, Bermudia, Ancey, n. subg., type Helix Burmudensis Pfr. : Bermuda, : Bertia, Ancey, n. subg., type Nanina cambodjiensis Reeve ; Indo-China, : Brazieri, Ancey, n. subg., type Helix velata Hombron et Jacq ; Caroline Isls., Bulimini found in Central oe Burtonia Bourg., Bythinia tentaculata Linné, Bythinella obtusa Lea, Calostropha, Ancey, n. subg., type Helix pee TPDs Canefri ; New Guinea, : : Campeloma subsolida, C. exilis, and C, “rufa, Carychium exiguum Say, . ‘ 5 1, 65); TL, Oe Il, 78 II, 38 II, 66 Th 2, sie THE NAUTILUS. INDEX TO CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. Cavicola, Ancey, n. subg., type aoe ©) eavicola 45 ili Gredler ; China, II, 39 Ceronia arctata ‘Conrad, : hy, 89 Chalepotaxis Ancey, n. subg., type Nanina ) infantilis Gredler ; China, ‘ 4 ie 22 Chelidonura Rochebrune non Adams, ; EE 22 Chelidonopsis Ancey, n. gen., Chelidonura Rochebrune being preoccupied, : TI, 22 Chrysodon Ancey, n. subg., type Helix auridens Rang. ; Martinique, J, 54 Coelospira Ancey, n. subg., type Helix Macneili Crosse ; Costa Rica, : ; iS 20, 26, 54 Conomitra found living in the West Indies, IL, 9 Corbula contracta Say, II, 61 Coxia Ancey, n. subg., type Helix Macegre egori ‘Cox; New Ireland, 1 ergs Crystallopsis Ancey, n. subg., types H. Hunteri “Cox ; H. Allasteri Cox, ete.; Solomon Is., . ne? Cumingia tellinoides Conrad, ; ; II, 89 Cypreea, a list of the rarer species, II, 54 Cytherea Sayii Conrad and Cytheren (Gouldia) mactra- cea Linsley, : ‘ II, 109 Ensatella americana Gould, II, 34 Entodina Ancey, n. subg., type Helix Reyrei Souy erbie ; Ecuador, s I, 64 Eurystyla Ancey, n. subg., types Helix cerina a Mor.; H. viridis Desh., : MA Gee's) Gastrodonta multidentata Ey, var. umbilicaris An- cey (n. var.), : J, 54 Pidtackia ancyliformis Pfr. in Florida, II, 96 Goniobasis costifera Hald., II, 94 Helicina Durangoana Mouss. 1g a Helicina hanleyana Pfr., I, 21 Helicina orbiculata Say, ae 8, 21, 21 Helicina subtropica Jan. [Error tor H. tropica Jan.], 1, 8, 26 Helix nemoralis in a new locality (Great Skellig Island), I, 1 Helix commutanda Ancey (n. name for 7’r ivdopsis Har- fordiana W. G. ee non Helix mess as Cooper), : : : ; , (9,113 46 THE NAUTILUS. lv INDEX TO CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE, Helix (Polygyra) unguifera Mouss. (H. acutedentata W.G. Binney), ; ; 1 7) Helix salmonensis ‘Tryon having priority over H. com- mutanda Ancey, : : ; EE, 193 Helix verrilli Ancey, n. sp. ; Mexico, : II, 63 Helix Levettei Bland, var. Thomsoniana Ancey and var. orobeena Ancey (i. vars.), . : : : IT, 64 Helix armigera Ancey, : : i : : ; II, 64 Helix Dschulfensis Dubois, . : : : : : ye Helminthoglypta Ancey, n. subg., types Helix arrosa Gld., H. ramentosa Gld., ete. . ; : : dae Lejeania Ancey, n. subg., types Helix Darnaudi Pfr., H. Isseliana Mor., H. Jickeliana Nevill, ete.; Abyssinia, : Lato Limneea reflexa Say and L. desidiosa Say, , : TI, 108 Limneea zebra Tryon and L. caperata Say, 4 : II, 104 Limnzea humilis Say ; L, parva Lea; L. casta Lea, . TT; 10 Liogyrus Lehnerti Ancey, n. sp., Washington, 1B» Ob - LE. 795.413 Lioplax subcarinata Say, . : II, 66 Lithasia obovata Say, ; ‘ : [, 56) 11293 Lyogyrus Gill (L. pupoides Gila), : : : T1138 Lyonsia hyalina Conrad, : , Gn Macoma fusca Say, P : é , : II, 101 Mactra solidissima ; Mactra fareralie ; ; : ; Tes Margaritana complanata ; M. rugosa Barnes, : ; GS 8s) Margaritana confragosa, M. deltoidea, M. mars ; TT, 20 Margaritana Hildrethiana Lea, . : : II, 114 Mastus chion Pfr. Bil: polygyratus Pirs ‘ete., : Le 37 Melongena anifernie Blainy., 5 : : : 1S: Mesodon dentiferus Binney, : : : 4 ; I, 55 Mesopleura centralis Say, . : : ; : II, 46 Mesorhytis, . : : : ; T+ 9 Microphysa Ingersolli ‘Bland, var. convexior Ancey (ij var. a. : : II, 64 Mitra Fergusoni Sby., ae Mitra Rivoli Dall, ; : e239 Modiola tulipa found at Cape May, N. J., . : I, 22 Mollendorfia Ancey, n. subg., types Helix trisinuata Mart.; H. Hensaniensis Gredler ; H. Eastlakeana Molldf. ; China, ; ; ; , ‘ : I, 64 THE NAUTILUS. INDEX TO CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. 47 Vv Mya arenaria Linné, . : : : : II, 4 Mytilopsis leacopheata Conr., , attached to Unios, . I, 27 Natica Fordiana Simpson, n. sp.; Florida, II, 51 Nevra pellucida Stimp., : II, 61 Nesobia Ancey, n. subg., type Bulimus Helence Q. et G.; St. Helena, 10 ee) Oligospira Ancey, n. subg., types H. Waltoni Rve. ; ; H. Skinneri Rve. ; Ceylon, Il, 22 Ophiosphila Ancey, n. subg., types Helix Kuhni Pfr. ; H. andicola Pfr. ; H. catenifera, ete., I, 64 Pandora trilineata Say, IT, 62 Parmacella valenciennii Webb & Van Ben., var ‘pune. tulata Cockerell; var. maculata Cockerell ; and var. olivacea Cockerell (new varieties),. II, 68 Patula strigosa Gld., var. Bruneri Ancey, II, 64 Periploma Leana Conrad, ‘ TG ae: Petricola pholadiformis eam, : : ; : TitOL Pholas truncata Say, . : ‘ ‘ ; ; I, Go hig Pholas costata Linn., . LS: Physa solida Phil. , syn. Oigk ‘heterostropha Say, 5 : I, 20 Physa (-Paludina, ) scalaris Jay a Planorbis (Heli- soma), : dS (SS Las Physa gyrina $ Say ; ‘Ee. heterostropha Say, : : Reel Pilsbrya Ancey, n. subg., in nee of Poecilostola An- cey, preoccupied, I, 54 Pisidium compressum Prime ; P. variabile Prime, . : tl 49 Pisidium zquilaterale Prime, II, 50 Planorbis dilatatus Gld., in England, I, 63 Planorbis lens Lea, : j TL, 63,76 Planorbis havanensis Pfr. ; Pp tumidus, 5 ; 20. Te ot Planorbis exacutus Say, : ; ; I, 76 Planorbis deflectus Say ; P. dilatatus Gld., iS tie Planorbis hirsutus Gld., f eas Planorbis parvus Say ; P. Jenksii H. F. Carpenter (n. sp.), Tio Planorbis inabilicadellus Cockerell new name for P. um- bilicatus Taylor, non Miller, IT, 68 Planorbis trivolvis Say, v 111 ; dis Planorbis (Helisoma) scalaris Jay (Physa scalaris Jay), Pleurocera subulare Lea, ‘ : : II, 81, 94 48 THE NAUTILUS. al INDEX TO CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE. Pleurocera alveare; P. undulatum; P. moniliferum ; P. canaliculatum ; P. troostii; P. lewisii; P. ele- vatum; P. neglectum, IT, 94 Pleuroxia Ancey, new name for Angasella, which is preoccupied i in marine shells; type Helix cyrto- pleura Pfr.; Australia, II, 38 Peecilostola Anecey, n. subg., type Helix Farrisi Pir Andes of Peru, . 3 L 20, 26, 54 Polygyrella polyg grella Bld. & Cooper, v var. montanensis Ancey (n. var.), II, 80 Pomatiopsis lapidaria Say, . tT, 91 Pristina Ancey, n. subg., types Hyalina Stearnsi Bld.: H. Lansingi Bld.; North America, 120526 Pristiloma Ancey, n. subg, i in place of Pristina Ancey, and Anceyia Pilsbry, non Anceya Bourguignat, . I, 54 Pseudiberus Ancey, n. subg., types Helix tectum-sinense Mart.; H. zenonis Gredler; H. plectotropis Mart.; and H. mataiensis Nevill ; China, Tt6 Pupa corpulenta Morse, var. parietalis Ancey, var. nov. ; Utah, : II, 80 Rhysotina Ancey, n. subg., type Helix Welwitschi Mor., and H. hepatizon “Gid. ; Island of Sao-Tome, I, 53 Rhyssotopsis Ancey, n. subg., type Helix Haughtoni Benson ; Andaman Isls., : ; I, 64 Saxicava rugosa Linn., II, 42 Segmentina Wheatleyi Lea, I, 20 Segmentina armigera Say, . é : : : ; Le 2 Sheldonia Ancey, n. subg., types Helix Trotteriana iBens.5: EL, phytostylus Bens. ; H. natalensis Pfr. and perhaps cotyledonis Benson ; S. Africa, I, 53 Siliqua costata Say, and Solecurtus sibbus Spleng., 1B HS Somatogyrus subglobosus Say and §. depressus Tryon, . II, 90 Spheerium suleatum Lam.; 8. solidulum Pr. ; S. striati- num Lam.; S. Jayanum rs ae ; II, 48 Spheerium truncatum Linsley; 8. occidentale Pr.; S: transversum Say, : II, 49 Sphincterochila Ancey, n. subg., types H. filia, Mouss. : H. Boissieri Char 1S near the Dead Sea and N. Arabia, : ; ; ; Il, 23 (70 be concluded in September number.) THE NAUTILUS. Da INDEX TO CONCHOLOGIST’S EXCHANGE. Vii Succinea lineata W. G. B. in Nebraska, ; : I, 65 Succinea obliqua Say, and Succinea totteniana eae ‘ 23 Tellina tenera Say ; T. modestus Verr.; T. tenta Say, . II, 90 Teredo, Notes on, ; ; i : 2 : I, 19, Il, 84 Tetrodontina Ancey, n. subg., types Helix yantaiensis, tetrodon and Houaiensis ; N. China, . : I, 64 Thompsonia carinifera Ancey a ‘y he of Planorbis scalaris Jay, . : : : : 1B ipa es: Thracia Conradi Couthony, . ; ; : : Li 62 Thracia truncata Migh. & Adams, 5 ‘ 2 : II, 63 Tottenia gemma Totten, : TES109 Traumatophora Ancey, n. subg., type Helix triscalpta Mart.; China, . I, 59 Trihelix Ancey, n. subg., type Helix horrida Pfr. ; Mts. of aos, .* 2 : : I, 64 Triodopsis Harfordiana W. GB by : ‘ : » Ll, 79s Triton Swifti Tryon, from the Bermudas, : : : I, 65 Unio parvus and U. gracilis from Texas, . : : Tat Unio anodontoides; U. esopus; U. alatus; U. arctior; U. asperrimus; U. capax; : I, 42 Unio coccineus; U. cornutus; U. crassidens ; U. dona- ciformis ; U. Dorfeueillianus : ey. ebenus ; U. el- lipsis ; (UL elegans, . : : I, 43 Unio graniferus ; i gibbosus ; wT gracilis ; U. Hig- ginsii; U. levissimus; U. ligamentinus, . : I, 50 Unio luteolus; U. laerymosus ; Wi monodontus;_ U. metanever; U. occultus, . ‘ : : ok Unio multiplicatus ; U, mississippiensis ; U. occidens ; U. pustulosus; U. ae U. plicatus; U. parvus, ‘ : ‘ : ; 3 JT, 62 Unio pressus; U. rectus, 3 : : : : I, 63 Unio rubiginosus ; U. solidus; U. spatulatus; U.sub- ovatus, ; ; : ; ; : , : I, 74 Unio securis; U.schooleraftii, . : : : ; I, 75 Unio tuberculatus; U.trigonus; U. tenuissimus; U. undulatus, ; , ; . : ; : 1D are: Unio ventricosus; U. zigzag, c Ears: Unio anthonyi; U.aheneus; U. amygdalum U. an- gustatus ; U. arctatus, ‘ 5 . II, 67, 105 58 THE NAUTILUS. Vill INDEX TO CONCHOLOGIST’S EXCHANGE. Unio Buckleyi; U. Buddianus; U. Blandingianus; U. coruscus, Unio cacao Lea; Unio Cunninghami pace Wright (n. Spa) sm. floridensis Lea; U. Jayanus Lea, Unio eranulatus Lea in Fla., : : Unio Jewettii ; U. Kleinianus ; U. -Tepidus U. minor ; U. modioliformis, Unio Liebii in Lake Erie, : Unio papyracea Gould in Lake Ashby, Fla., : Unio monroensis Lea; U. fuscatus Lea ; U. paludico- lus Gld., : : : : Valvata tricarinata Say and V. bicarinata Lea, Valvata mergella Westerlund, only a striate variety of V. sincera Say, . : : Venus mercenaria Linn., Vivipara intertexta; V. ‘subpurpurea ; ‘NG contectoides, Voluta Gouldiana, found in 150 to 200 fathoms ee ey Rock Light, Fla., 2 Zirpheea crispata Linn., INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS AND TITLES. . IT, 95, 105 - TI, 105 I, tae II, 112 I, 26 I, 81 I, 27 II, 80 Ia II, 102 II, 65 II, 9, 10 II, 54 Titles in brackets are the general subjects of notes placed under “ Correspondence.” Ancey, C. F. Diagnoses of a few subgenera in Helici- dee, -. Descriptions of new genera or subgenera of Hel- icide, : ; : I, 53, 64, 75 [Notes on new subgenera, and some American Helices | A Catalogue of the Bulimini found in Central Asia, On the generic name ofa remarkable bivalve shell found in the Congo, Description of North American shells, Baker, F.C. [A collecting trip to Onset Bay, Mass. ], Be: auchamp, Rev. Wm. M. Erosion of fresh water shells, Notes on Ammenena Shells, I, 20 , II, 22, 38 I, 54 1 Be II, 22 II, 53, 79 II, 119 I, 49 II, 19 THE NAUTILUS. 59 INDEX TO CONCHOLOGIST’S EXCHANGE. 1X Brown, Dr. J. J. Notes on the mollusea of the Baha- MAS; ive : : eh Carpenter, Horace F. The shell eae mollusea of Rhode Island, _ I, 76, II, 2, 18, 34, 46, 61, 77, 89, 101, 109 Cockerell, T. D. A. The Gibraltar and Tangier forms of Parmacella, : : II, 67 [ Note on Planorbis umbilicatus Taylor], : II, 68 Cooper, Rev. Ebenezer V. Andrew Garrett (obituary), Dall, Wm. H. [Notes on some rare West Indian Shells], 1B as, Ford, John. A day among the mollusks, . 3 : I, 21 Helices in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, ‘ veer The Succinea obliqua Say of Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, with some remarks regarding the relationship of Succinea Totteniana Lea, . : II, 23 The fresh water mollusks of Fairmount Park, . IT, 39 Some remarks on the migration of mollusks, ; eG Hinkley, A. A. Record of a collecting trip in White, Hardin and Gallatin Counties, Ill., . I, 56 Notes on the Strepomatide of TH, : : : II, 93 Jones, J. Matthews. The Conchologist in Bermuda, . 18 pels: Keep, Josiah. Cabinet Notes, . : : : ; II, 107 Loofbet, Adam.