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Mibaed weed FL anh wei tyt bens y An ; dsb ehahs Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. A charge is made on all overdue books. University of Illinois Library (@yae A CE9 Uap NAUTILUS.” A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS. VOL. XIII. MAY, 1899, to APRIL, 1900. PHILADELPHIA : Published by H. A. PILSBRY and C. W. JOHNSON. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/conchologistsexc1314aver V3 -/4F- : sy % INDEX % TO THE NAUTILUS, VOL. XIII. INDEX TO ARTICLES AND SPECIES DESCRIBED. Abalone fishery in California _. ; : ie Agassiz Association Department : . 23, 84, 59 Amnicola Johnsoni Pilsbry, n. sp. ; : { ; ee TOE Amnicola sanctijohannis Pilsbry, n. sp. : 4 AeA) Amnicolide from Florida . : PVA, Amnicoloid, a new N.-H. Australian . ; ! . 144 Arion fasciatus Nils. in America. ; We he Arizona and New Mexico, Collecting in. 2 ye Ashmunella thomsoniana porter Pilsbry ane: Bookercit, nV. : : , : awe) Aspidoporus, Dr. Babor’ S en ES Of, Rey Bifidaria armifera var. ruidosensis Cockerell,n.v. WIS California, collecting in Southern oe California, mollusks collected by R.C. McGregorinnorthern 64 Calliostoma Veliei Pilsbry, n. sp, : . 128 Canandaigua Lake Region of New York, Biailicoa ae ny Capulus Californicus Dall., n. sp. ; . 100 Chitons from the Piecene of the ies ae Easy Florida . , “i cae Chlorostoma Beanicor pilebee Sp. : ; : Page | Chlorostoma Orbignyanum Pilsbry, n. ay , z ‘ rtd Chlorostoma patagonicum Orb. . ; ah tl.O Chlorostoma of Southern and Eastern ose tO Chondropoma Martensianum Pilsbry, n. sp. . 140 Clausiliz of Celebes, note on the : 4 . Sh Cochlicopa lubrica in Alaska ; : Bi Ske } ( ili ) (32425 iv THE NAUTILUS. Conulus coroicanus Ancey, n. sp. 17 Correspondence . . 83 Corrosion of shells in dahmne ; 122 Donax stultoram Mawe vs. Cytherea Gfassatelloidee Cane he Dredging in San Diego Bay . EOL Dredging off San Pedro ; 21 Epiphragmophora andivaga Ancey, n. sp. .¥ tks Epiphragmophora Bowersi Bryant, n. sp. . 122 Epiphragmophora fidelis Gray e105 Epiphragmophora Harperi Bryant, n. sp. STAs Epiphragmophora mormonum buttoni Pilsbry, n. v. - 1128 Epiphragmophora mormonum cala Pilsbry, n. v. . 428 Epiphragmophora Turtoni Ancey, n. Sp. me | Field notes and reminiscences as Florida, Collecting on the Gulf Coast of hs Florida, Notes on some land shells of Western . 141 Gastrodonta demissa var. lamellata Pilsbry, 107 General notes . [2a Onc. ue 70, 84. 111, 129 Glandina truncata var, minor Puen D.V: 46 Gonibasis acutifilosa siskiyouensis Pilsbry, n. v.. 65 Hartman, William D. (with portrait, pl. 1) . 61 Helix hortensis at Rockport. Mass., variations of 32 Land shells of Berks Co., Pennsylvania 70 Limax coccineus Gistel 117 Lithasia obovata, changes with betes of... 97 Lucidella Foxi Pilsbey ar oo 56 Lucidella trochiformis Pilsbry, n.sp. . ; ee Maine, List of Shells from Northeastern. ; - LOZ tis Manitoba, List of Land and Freshwater Shells of a Margaritana margaritifera var. falcata from a tunnel . ae 11) Mexican shells, notes on some southern Bre | Miami, Florida, Annotated List of land and froshavatee shells 43 Madioln plicatdla a in San Francisco Bay , So) aa Mollusca associated with the Mastodon : 34, 55, 100 Mollusks of Lily Cash Creek, Illinois. Beet) Myoforceps aristatus Dillwyn, from California salen New Mexican Shells, Notes on some 19 Ostrea, Origin of the mutations of , 91 Ogee Lake, N. Y., notes on the mollusca of 57 THE NAUTILUS. Pachychilus vulneratus Paludestrina monas Pilsbry, n. sp. 2] Petricola denticulata, note on 12] Philomyeus lactiformis (Blainville) 24 Physa cubensis in Florida ; 70 Pisidia new to our country and new species a) Pisidium amnicum Mull. ' . Pisidium boreale Sterki n. n. (for seplentrionale Prime pre- occupied ) : pee. Pisidium contortum Prime. 10, 59 Pisidium handwerki Sterki, n. sp. 9() Pisidium henslowianum Shep. 9 Pisidium medianum Sterki, n. sp. 10 Pisidium medianum var. minutum Sterki n. var. . aie ld Pisidium milium Held 10, 59 Planorbis corpulentus Say . A liao Planorbis crista var. cristata Drap. in Plaine a9) 105 Planorbis opercularis var. multilineatus Vanatta 48 Planorbis rubellus Sterki and P. Harni Pilsbry 5] Polygyra, new southwestern form of 37 Polygyra appressa, notes on 54 Polygyra auriculata in Western Florida 118 -Polygyra binneyana Pilsbry, n. sp. 38, 60 Polygyra caloosaensis Johnson,n.sp. Pliocene inet ted, 67 Polygyra divesta indianorum Pilenee eT NAT, ; 39 Polygyra dorfeuilliana var. percostata Pilsbry, n. var. 37 Polygyra monodon var. friersoni Pilsbry, n. var. 36 Polygyra neglecta Pilsbry, n. sp. ye A) Polygyra tridontoides [= texasiana—Hp. | in Men Mone 84 Polygyra uvulifera var. bicornuta, n. var. 107 Pomatia aspersa in California 60 Pyramidula alternata, notes on two varieties of . 4] Pyramidula alternata var. costata Lewis 4] -Pyramidula alternata var. rarinotata Pils., n. var. 114 Publications received . PUSS VL OeS | Purpura coronata Lam. in America : 130 Rhode Island, Collection of Fresh-water shells from 112 Rumina Pe siinin. some notes on Ri Shells collected at Oakdale, Morgan-Co., Pent: TO vi THE NAUTILUS. Shells and Mastodon . Sigaretus oldroydii, notes on Stephanoda Iheringi Ancey, n. sp. Stephanoda latastei Ancey, n. sp. ; : Strobilops hubbardi stevensoni Pilsbry, n. var. . Strombus, attempt to define the natural groups of Thomson, John H. (Biographical note) Thy Sa iphare hornii Gabb. : Tres Marias Islands, Mexico, Natural ieee of Turritellide, Viviparous Miocene Unios of the Sabine River . Unionide in a tunnel . Unio conjugans Wright, n. sp. Unio Danielsii Wright, n. sp. Unio dispalans Wright, n. sp. Unio Hagleri Frierson, n. sp. (Plate it yi Unio Harperi Wright, n. sp. Unio Kingii Wright, n. sp.. Unio polymorphus Wright, n. sp. Unio rotulatus Wright, n. sp. Unio (Lampsilis) owirasai Pies n. Sp. Unio singularis Wright, n. sp. Unio Tinkeri Wright, n. sp. Unio unicostatus Wright, n. sp. Veronicella, notes on Jamaican . Viviparous miocene Turritellidz 34, 55, 100 85 17 tf 46 16, 93 meee: 98 Zonitidz collected by J. H. Ferriss in Arhanes sata the Choctaw Nation Zonitoides neomexicanus Gookerel & Pileeee n. sp. INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS, Ancey, C. F. ; : ; : ; ae Ashmun, Rev. EK. H. . : : , ; , pws Baker, Frank C. . é : ‘ 30, 57, 112 Burns, Frank. : ; ‘ ; prs Button, Fred. L. : ; 30,131 Bryant, FW. ~ : 222,143 Chadwick, G. H. . : : : . 04, 76, 93 Clapp, Geo. H. . : ’ : ; 41, 70 Cockerell, T. D.A. ; . . 82,36, 49, 84,.117 Collinge, Walter E. . : : : 2 : rae ky eee Csi, «89, 85, 91, 100, 121 Frierson, Lorraine BS. . ; : ; abo 09 Hanham, A. W. . i : ; ; a | Johnson, C. W. . ' : GPA T 130,141 Kendig, Rey. A.B. . , ARs Keep, Josiah , : 21.60 RelseyoF W.: . . : : : : : F abot King, Mrs. KE. H. : ; ; ee Lowe, H. N. : : ; AT Mitchell, C.F... : : hp erent iiender, Olof O. ee 09s, SOLS 1S Pilsbry, Henry A. 20, 32, 37, 49, 51, 56, 64, 70, 79, 98, 107, ‘110, 114, 128, 131, 139, 144 Post, E. J. . : : : : : ; ; pais Randolph, P. B.. : : : ; epee Rhoads, Samuel NN... ; : : , : ; 543 Smith, W. Hilles. : } , t . 384 Stearns, R. HE. C.. , hoy o5-S1, 86, 1005 115 Sterki, V. . : Bey? ; ; ; Jp a Sykes, H. R. i : ; : : : ; ; SG Vanatta, E.G. . . 3 ; , : «» 48 Walker, Bryant . ; : 59, 9T, 183 Wright, Berlin H. : aa 29, 31, 42, 50, 69, 15, 89, 138 CVvil) ac a ACES LIBRARY eae NAUTILUS. WOE, AXITT. MAY, 1899. No. 1; A LIST OF THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF MANITOBA. BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN. When I commenced collecting here in 1894, my enthusiasm was soon checked by the dearth of land shells, in which, since I first col- lected, I have been particularly interested. In fresh-water species things were different, as this list shows, but I have never felt the same interest in them, and my work here, as far as they are con- cerned, has been half-hearted, and I have done nothing at all during the past two seasons. Under these circumstances, I have thought it advisable to publish this list before my records get lost or destroyed. The most striking feature here (even after Quebec) was the utter absence of all the larger species of land shells (with the exception of the Succineas), and the scarcity of even the small kinds which have been taken. However, I am still impressed with the idea that some few of the larger species may occur, rarely perhaps, in the well- wooded districts lying in the extreme east, southeast and northeast of the Province. ‘The country I have worked here has been mostly prairie, even though swampy or wooded in places, and really almost -the only localities worth exploring are the river ‘“‘ bottoms.” Water shells, especially by contrast, are quite conspicuous; the sand dredged from’ the Red river for building purposes contains a mass of Spheeria, and along the river banks the large valves of Uniones are very notice- able. ‘The railway ditches and sluices, which are generally dry early in the summer, have in their bottoms a mass of Limnza, Aplexa and 2 THE NAUTILUS. small Planorbis. Often large areas of prairie, inundated during the spring, are covered with these dead shells, which are the *‘ land”. shells of the novice. Soon after my arrival in Manitoba, I received a good deal of assist- ance from the Rev. George W. Taylor, of Gabriola Island, B. C., who kindly furnished me with lists of the species he had taken here in 1893, during a flying visit; also any other records or lists of Manitoba species that he knew of. The lists furnished were as follows : His own from Winnipeg in 1893. Condray’s, also from Winnipeg. Hollands’, from Norquay, Man. Bells’, ) Christy’s, > all from Winnipeg eastward. Dickens.) (The species taken by Condray and Holland being in his own oe <5") THE NAUTILUS. 21 Amnicola Johnsoni, n. sp. Shell umbilicate, globose, rather thin, pale brown, somewhat trans- parent. Surface nearly smooth, showing faint growth-stria. Spire short, obtuse. Whorls 33, the first convex, planorboid above, the rest very convex, somewhat flattened and strongly ‘shouldered ”’ below the sutures. Convex at periphery and around the circular umbilicus. Aperture large, oblique, oval, somewhat angular above ; peristome thin, the outer and basal margins unexpanded, columellar margin expanded above, not continuous across the parietal wall, which is merely varnished by a light deposit, and is about half the length of the free columellar lip. Alt. 2.7, diam. 2.56, longest axis of aper- ture 1.7 mm. Operculum Amnicoloid. St. Augustine, Florida (C. W. Johnson). The conspicuously obtuse apex and globose contour are unlike any other Floridian species, and somewhat similar to the much larger, more solid and opaque northern porata form of Amnicola limosa (Say). It is named after Mr. Charles W. Johnson, who collected the series of some forty specimens in the collection of the Academy. Lyogyrus Dalli Pils. & Beech. is similar to the present species in contour, but is smaller, paler, and differs generically in the closely coiled operculum. JL. granum (Say) has a decidedly more conical and produced spire, rounder whorls, and, of course, differs in the operculum. Paludestrina monas, n. sp. Shell turbinate-conic, rimate-perforate, thin, pale brownish horn- colored; smooth. Whorls 4, very convex, especially below the deeply impressed suture, the apex obtuse. Aperture vertical, oval, slightly narrowed at the upper extremity, the inner margin slightly less orcuate than the outer; peristome thin, the outer margin gently expanded, a little sinuous, being produced forward below. Alt. 1.8, diam. 1.5 mm. Wekiva river, Florida, with Lyogyrus Dalli and Amnicola sancti- johannis (C. E. Beecher, February, 1886). In contour this species resembles Bythinella Aldrichi on a small scale. The sinuation of the outer lip is somewhat like that of Plewr- ocera, though much less pronounced. Something similar is found in B. Hemphilli. The following species of this family are now known to us from Florida: 22 THE NAUTILUS. Paludestrina (formerly Bythinella) aequicostata (Pilsbry). 66 66 “© Nickliniana var. attenuata (Hald.). «6 ‘6 ‘© brevissima (Pilsbry). ‘6 monas Pils. Littoridina (?) monroensis (Ffld.). Described as Hydrobia. Amnicola sanctijohannis Pils. “ floridana Ffid. mays! johnsoni Pils. Lyogyrus Dalli P. & B. Gillia (?) wetherbyi (Dall). Described as Hydrobia. We will be glad to hear of any other species from the State. The above-named forms are all from the St. Johns and Wekiva rivers and St. Augustine, and their occurrence elsewhere will be of interest to learn. Probably additional species will reward search in other streams. They may be collected with a fine-meshed wire scoop, or by gath- ering a mass of aquatic vegetation, drying it in the air, and then shaking over a paper. This method has been very successfully prac- ticed by Mr. C. E. Beecher in the Wekiva river. In some places Amnicolide are incredibly numerous in lake beds, The floor of Lake George, on the St. Johns, is covered in some parts with mud charged with Paludestrina equicostata, and the same spe- cies has been found on the bottom of Lake Okeechobee. NEW SOUTHERN UNIOS. BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT. U. rotulatus, sp. nov. Shell black, smooth anteriorly and over the umbos and with ele- vated growtlh-lines over the remainder of the surface, circular, in- flated, rayless; umbonal ridge wanting, but replaced by two slightly raised, diverging curved folds; beaks retuse, blunt and broad; sub- stance of the shell rather thick and uniform; beak cavity very deep, wide, sharply angular and with no visible cicatrices; anterior cica- trices distinct, remarkably deep and rough; posterior cicatrices con- fluent, smooth and slightly impressed ; cardinal teeth low, very much notched, inclined to be double in the left and single in the right valve; lateral teeth long, slightly curved, not prominent, and gradu- THE NAUTILUS. 23 ally disappearing in the dorsal region, where a broad smooth plate separates them from the cardinal teeth; nacre dead white, except for a small area in the posterior part which is silvery, iridescent. Diameter 1.25, length 2, width 1.8 inches. Habitat—Escambia River, Escambia County, Florida. Type in National Museum. . Remarks: This species is clearly a member of the ezreulus group, and its southernmost member. Compared with J. circulus Lea, it is more uniformly inflated, black, longer laterals, teeth all less promi- nent, deeper beak cavity and the superior forward cicatrices are deeper and shorter. It is to be regretted that thus far the type specimen is the only one in hand, and that does not show the beaks, which are much eroded. It is, however, so radically distinct that we do not feel any hesitancy in according it specific rank. Correction: In description of U. Harperi Wr., in Nauti.us fr May, p. 6, “iN,” first line, should be “U.”’ (To be continued.) AGASSIZ ASSOCIATION DEPARTMENT. {Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Association, by its General Secretary, Dr. W.S. Strode.] COLLECTING IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. [Extract from the report of Mrs. E. H. King. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter for 1893.] I spent the winter and spring of 1898 in Southern California, and visited the seaside a number of times, Redardo, Santa Monico, San Pedro, Terminal Island and Dead Man’s Island. I collected a great quantity of fossils (about 20 species) on Dead Man’s Island, among them a beautiful Fusus which I prize very highly. At the base of the Island in shallow pools I found a number of living Nassa mendica. The tide came in while we were on the Island and we were com- pelled to return on the sea wall, which is built of huge blocks of granite piled promiscuously. We scrambled over these and ‘often had to jump from one to another, the burning hot sun blistering our faces, but we held on to our shells and finally reached the shore. We were told the sea-wall was a mile and a quarter long. 24 THE NAUTILUS. At Redondo I secured the largest shell of Pachydesma crassatel- loides that I have ever seen. ‘Terminal Island afforded more shells than any other place I visited. On muddy banks of little pools near the lagoon I found a quantity of Certthidea sacrata and Melampus olivaceus. 1 had read that these were found on ‘mud flats of brackish pools,” and a short search revealed abundance of them, also a few specimens of Bulla nebulosa. On the ocean side of the Island I found a good Ocinebra Poulsonii, a Trophon Belchert and the rare Waldheimia. A few good shells of the following: Psammobia rubriata, Lutricola alba, Neverita reclusianus, Lunatia Lewisit, Drillia penicil- lata, Monoceros engonatum, Amiantus callosa, Macoma secta, Chione succinta, Tapes stamtnea, Mytilus, Crucibulum spinosum, and three varieties of Acmaea, a quantity of Chlorostoma gallina and Pecten equisulcatus, upon which were numerous Orepidula. ‘The beach is strewn with dead shells, among them large specimens of Glycimeris and Macoma. GENERAL NOTES. Philomycus lactiformis (Blainville). This slug, described by Blain- ville in 1817 (Journ. de Phys., p. 443) as Limacella lactiformis, has been only known since that time by the original specimen, which is in the British Museum. Specimens from York Co., Pa., collected by Mr. Witmer Stone in 1889, prove to agree excellently with the Blain- villean animal, having just the same white color and semi-pellucid appearance. It is not likely that the species is separable from the ordinary forms attributed to P. carolinensis, except as a color varia- tion bl eAssd. wo eho DD: ASC) J. F. Babor, of Prague, has added to our slight knowledge of the Arionine group Ariunculus, in describing the anatomy of A. austria- cus n. sp., from Schneeberg, near Vienna, in the Austrian Alps. (Proc. Mal. Soc. Lond., III.) M. Ph. Dautzenberg has recently described a collection made by M. J. L. Weyers, of Sumatran mollusks. New forms of Cerithidea and Stenothyra are described, and valuable notes and figures of Me- Janians and Navacelle are given. M. Weyers found the Antillean Subulina octona abundant in many localities (Ann. Soc. Roy. Mal. Belg. 1899). THE NAUTILUS. Vou. XIII. JULY, 1899. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS GRAY. BY P. B. RANDOLPH. This species is found in great abundance in and around Seattle. On the bicycle path that runs around the north end of town they can be seen by the score on warm spring days, and I thought a few notes on size, coloration and banding would be of interest to the readers of the NAUTILUS. The first thing that attracts the attention of the collector is the variety of the coloration of the shells, ranging from dusky brown to nearly white. In the dark forms the bands are nearly obscured; in the albino form (#. fidelis flava Hemp.), ours differ from the description (4th. Sup. oth. Vol. Terrestial Air-Breathing Mollusks, Binney. p. 185) in that the bands are very faint on the upper half of the body whorl and from the periphery gradually growing darker to the umbilicus. In twelve examples before me there are no signs of bands on the other whorls. From the body whorl the color grows lighter and the embryonic whorl shows a decidedly pinkish tinge. The entire shell is covered with a thin yellow epidermis which in adult specimens is generally destroyed, leaving the upper surface a dead white. Albinos are not uncommon, averaging about one in one hundred of the common form. This form and var. minor, have been found, to my knowledge, only'in or near clearings, never in the deep woods or swamps. 26 THE NAUTILUS. A favorite spot for depositing their eggs is in the heavy bark of some old fir stump, a foot or more from the ground. Two years ago I collected over fifty specimens on and near the base of a big stump in a clearing. A few pass the winter in trees twenty feet or more from the ground. Our broad-leafed maple (Acer macrophyllum) which grows a very rugged and massive trunk, is one of their favorite retreats, esnecially for the young of the late summer brood. A theory current in this section is that the reason H#. fidelis has departed from /. infumata in height of spire and coloration, is that the latter pass so much of their lives under burnt logs that the spire has become depressed and they have assumed the protective colora- tion so characteristic of that species. Never having visited the haunts of #. enfumata, 1 do not know how thick the timber may be or how large the burnt districts are, but I venture to say that nowhere on the Pacific Coast is.the timber Jarger, or are there more down and burnt tracts than on Puget Sound, And still I have never seen a fidelis that I could not tell at a glance from #. tnfumata, and in life the animals differ so much from each other in coloration that I do not understand why the latter is not a good species instead of a mere variety. The number of bands on the body whorl is six, though in some the bands are but faintly seen as mere lines of different shade from the adjoining bands. ‘The width and brightness of the bands are’ most striking, and for convenience I have called the typical form figured in Binney’s Land Shells No. 1, and the extreme form of banding No. 2. Measuring them on the body whorl # of an inch back from the ex- treme edge of lip, I find that No. 1 has bands of the following width and color: | Band i, 7; in. wide, Chestnut with dark blotches. Band ii, 7g in. wide, Light yellowish, merging into band above. Band iii, } in. wide, Black band. Band iv, is in. wide, Light yellow, merging into No. v. Band v, Narrow chestnut. Band vi, Entire base of shell black, darker near the umbilicus. Greatest diameter of shell measured 13 inches. No., 23 The greatest variation is seen in the following: ” THE NAUTILUS. 27 Band i, ;’s in. wide, Light chestnut with dark blotches. Band ii, Light edge to No. i. Band iii, $, Black. Band iv, Light edge to band iii. Band y, ;’; in. wide, Yellow, gradually merging to black of base. Band vi, No. 6, Black to umbilicus. Greatest diameter of shell measured 1+ in. In size they vary greatly. ‘The following are the extremes. Largest. Smallest. Greatest Diam. 14 in. Greatest Diam. 1,5 in. Smallest “ 11 in. Smallest “ Zin. Altitude, 3 in. Altitude, fs in. ~ DREDGING OFF SAN PEDRO. BY H. N. LOWE. Last summer, while the late Mr. Edward W. Roper was living in Long Beach, we (that is, Mr. Roper and myself) decided to do a little dredging off San Pedro. As there had been no extensive work done in that line at San Pedro in late years, we were in- hopes of being rewarded with some rare shells and possibly some new species. Mr. Roper sent for his dredging outfit which he had previously used at Eastport, Maine. We chartered the little sloop ‘* North Star”? and made three dredging trips with moderate success. We dredged in water from 5 to 20 fathoms depth, on muddy, sandy, gravelly, once on a bottom composed of dead bivalves for the most part, and two or three times among the rocks at 10 fathoms. I made one subsequent trip with Mrs. M. Burton Williamson with the same boat and dredging outfit. We were greatly troubled in dredging by a species of red alge, which covered the bottom so thickly in places as to choke the mouth of the dredge, thus prevent- ing the shells from entering. For the past two years, the ocean has been full of this moss, and at times the beach has been covered with it. From this alge in the dredge we obtained a few live specimens of Calliostoma splendens Cpr. and C. gloriosum Dall. Besides the shells, we dredged a number of curious crustaceans and echinoderms not found on shore. 28 THE NAUTILUS. The following list includes all the species taken in the four dredg- ing trips: all are live specimens unless marked dead : List of Shells Dredged. Bittium asperum Cpr., plentiful at 10 fathoms. Cadulus fusiformis Pils. & Sharp, a few alive in sandy mud. Calliostoma gloriosum Dall. Calliostoma splendens (Mke.) Cpr. Calliostoma tricolor Gabb. alive in sandy mud. Callista subdiaphana Cpr. several young shells alive, one large dead one, one inch in diameter. Chrysallida communis C. B. Ads. Corbula chittyana C. B. Ads, two specimens alive at 20 fathoms soft mud. ‘ This is exactly like West Indian specimens, and I should question its Pacific coast habitat if it were not that we have one worn valve apparently the same from Lower Cal.” Dall. Corbula luteola Cpr. ? Crepidula adunca Sby., dead. Crepidula navecelloides Nutt. var., two live ones of a very thin cup- shaped form with brown epidermis. Cylichna attonsa Cpr. Dentalium neoheragonum Pils., sandy mud at 10 fathoms. Dentalium semipolitum Cpr. alive with D. neohexagonum Pils. Drillia cancellata Cpr., 10 to 20 fathoms, fine gray sand. Drillia empyrosia Dall., dead. Drillia Hemphilli Stearns, 5 to 15 fathoms. Drillia inermis Cpr. Drillia pedroana Dall., dead. Drillia pudica Has. Drillia quisqualis Hds., with D. pudica at 10 fathoms in sandy mud. Eucosmia substriata Cpr. Eulima micans Cpr. Eulima rutila Cpr. Eulima thersites Cpr., one live one at 15 fathoms. Galerus mamillaris, on dead bivalves. Halistylus pupoideus Cpr. Labiosa undulata Gld., dead. Lacuna untfasciata Cpr. THE NAUTILUS, 29 Leda acuta Conr., with LZ. taphria, rare. Leda taphria Dall., plentiful at 5 fathoms. Leptothyra sanguinea Cpr., one dead, * unusually elevated variety or malformation.”’ Dall. Lyonsia californica Conr. Macoma yoldiformis Cpr. Mangilia anguilata Cpr., rare at 20 fathoms. Mangilia sculpturata Dall., a few at 20 fathoms. Mangilia variegata Cpr. Modiola fornicata Cpr. Myurella simplex Cpr. Murex trialatus Sby., one fine specimen dredged from rocks at,10 fathoms, had beautiful recurved frills. Muricidea barbarensis Gabb., one live one. Muricidea incessa Brod. Muricidea santa-ros@ Dall, rare at 10 fathoms. Nucula exigua Ads., dead. Nucula tenuis Ads., one live one at 20 fathoms. Ocinebra foveolata Hds., dead. Odostomia inflecta Cpr., one “live” example at 20 faths. soft mud. Odostomia subplanata Cpr. Olivella boetica Cpr., plentiful at 5 faths. Pecten latiauritus Cpr. Placunanomia macroschisma Desh var., two specimens found inside of an old barnacle were of a dark chocolate color on the inside, diam- : eter 24 inches. 4 \- a \ ; ‘ § ? Psamobia edentula Gabb., one young shell showing color pattern. Scala bellastriata Cpr., one live specimen. Semele pulchra Sby. Semele rubropicta Dall. Cadulus ( Polyschides) quadrifissatus Cpr., with Cadulus. Solen ensis L. var. minor Conr. Solen sicartus Gld. Tellina Id@ Dall, one dead shell. Tellina modestus Cpr., 5 to 10 fathoms sandy a Terebratella transversa Sby. Tornatina culcitella Gld. Tornatina inculta Gld. Turbonilla chocolata Cpr. 30 THE NAUTILUS. Turbonilla tenuicula Gld. Turbonilla torquata Gld. Turbonilla tridentata Cpr. Turbonilla sp? a few specimens dredged at 15 fathoms were of a light brown color and extremely slender. Held at Washington for further study. Turritella Cooperi Cpr. Venus toreuma Gld., one dead shell Volvula cylindrica Cpr. NOTES ON THE MOLLUSKS OF LILYCASH CREEK. BY FRANK C. BAKER. Some time ago Mr. J. H. Handwerk and Mr. W. Chadwick began a systematic survey of the little stream known as Lilycash creek, near Joliet, Ill., dividing it into sections. Section I extended from the mouth of the creek, where it emptied into the Desplaines River, to the Plainfield road, a distance of about two and one-half miles. Later, they propose to take up section II, which will include the bal- ance of the creek. A list of the species found within that area, which Mr. Handwerk was kind enough to submit to me for identi- fication, may be of interest, since the region has afforded several peculiar new species, and is very prolific in Spheriide. The writer is indebted to Dr. V. Sterki and. Prof. H. A. Pilsbry for the identification of several of the species enumerated. The following species were collected : Spherium stamineum Conrad. Pisidium sp. Now in the hands Spherium lilycashense Baker. of Dr. V. Sterki, who believes it Spherium striatinum Lamarck. to be a new species. Spherium simile Say. Pisidium ropert Sterki. Spherium occidentale Prime. Limnea humilis Say. Calyculina transversa Say. Limnea desidiosa Say. Calyculina truncata Linsley. Planorbis parvus Say. Pisidium virginicum Gmelin. Physa heterostropha Say. Pisidium abditum Haldeman. Pleurocera elevatum Say. Pisidium compressum Prime. Amnicola limosa Say. a F THE NAUTILUS. 1 Pisidium walkeri Sterki. Amunicola limosa var. parva Lea. Pisidium cruciatum Sterki. OCincinnatia cineinnatiens!s Lea. Prisidium punctatum Sterki. Pomatiopsis cineinnatiensis An- Pisidium fallax Sterki. thony. Pisidium splendidulum Sterki, Campeloma rufum Haldeman. Re- Pisidium variabile Prime. versed, Total 28 species. NEW SOUTHERN UNIOS. BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT. Unio Danielsii, sp. nov. Shell uniformly solid, very inequilateral, subquadrate, rayless ; posterior area closely, irregularly and sharply wrinkled ; umbonal region traversed by several parallel, well-separated, flattened ridges or growth lines, which merge together towards the base ; umbos ex- ceedingly inflated and umbonal ridge very sharp above, gradually flattening out into biangulation towards the base; umbos broad and eracefully rounded ; beaks erect but evidently not prominent; lig- ament dark red, not heavy; dorsal margin somewhat arched, abruptly rounded before, nearly straight on base and bluntly pointed behind ; teeth heavy, well separated, the laterals long and curved, the single one having a central deep notch; cicatrices deep, smooth, the pos- terior ones confluent and the anterior ones distinct ; beak cavity very slight; nacre creamy white with lavender border and very iridescent. Diameter 1.25, length 1.5, width 2.25 inches. Habitat: Spring Creek, Decatur Co., Ga. Type in National Museum. Remarks: Several quite distinct forms of this general type have recently come to hand, some of which have been distributed under the name of “ U. incrassatus Lea. var.?’? This form, however, de- parts so far from that of the type of the group as to fully warrant erection into specific rank. Its distinguishing feature is the remark- able degree of inflation in the posterior umbonal region, prolonged posterior and notched single lateral tooth, It is also rayless. It gives pleasure to name this for Mr. L. E. Daniels, of La Porte, Ind., who, with others, has rendered financial aid to make these dis- coveries possible. 32 THE NAUTILUS. VARIATIONS OF HELIX HORTENSIS AT ROCKPORT, MASS. BY T. D. A.. COGISE RELL. I have just received from Mr. G. H. Clapp a little series of Z. hortensis collected at Rockport, Mass. The specimens (40) include all the variations Mr. Clapp could find in a series of about 300 shells collected. Mr. Clapp says: ‘* The bandless or very faintly banded forms were by far the most common. Typical shells were scarce, even less plenty than the transparent banded variety. On rainy days the shells were out by the hundreds.” The variations in the series are as follows: (1.) v. subglobosa, Binney; shell greenish. 00000 and 00,,0. (2.) v. arenicola, MacGillivray; bands colorless, translucent. 12345. (3.) v. subalbida, Locard; yellowish-white or very pale yellowish. 00000 and 008,;. (4.) v. dutea, Mog.; yellow. 90000, ,03,5, 1234,,, 0034,, 12345, 123(45), (123)(45), 1,345, 10345, 00334, (two), 00,003 003,0, 12045. Some are unusually thin; most of the bandless yellow specimens are very brilliantly colored ; one 12345 specimen is very small, only 16 millim. diam. The really interesting thing about the series is that no less than . three specimens show split bands, indicating apparently that this col- ony of //. hortens’s is varying in the same direction as the Lexington, Va., H. nemoralis. The two split-band formule are new, to the best of my knowledge. DR. BABOR’S REDISCOVERY OF ASPIDOPORUS.* In 1833, Fitzinger described as Aspidoporus imax a slug trom the mountains of Austria, which had the character, anomalous for a European form, of an opening in the mantle, as in the tropical Afri- ean Urocyclus. It remained for a good many years unnoticed ; but in 1884, Heynemann saw the original example, and declared it 1Ueber Aspidoporus limax Fitz., in Annalen des K. K. Naturhisterischen Hofmuseums, xiii, Heft I. THE NAUTILUS. 33 to be a deformed or abnormal Amalia. This view was adopted by Tryon and others; Mérch, Binney and Fischer having doubted the very existence of such a slug. In examining the slugs of the Vienna Museum lately, Dr. Babor found Fitzinger’s specimens, and he also obtained fresh individuals collected by Dr. Sturany in northern Steiermark, and by Dr. Wer- ner in Montenegro. These specimens prove that Aspidoporus imax is not only a valid species, correctly observed by Fitzinger, but it belongs to a special group of at least subgeneric value. The mantle is formed as in Amalia, having the impressed ‘ horse- shoe,’ but there is a small orifice which in some specimens penetrates to the shell-sack, while in others it is merely a short, sharp impres- sion, not penetrating through the mantle. The shell-plate is small and moderately thick, Pallial organs and nervous system as in Amalia, and the jaw and teeth are also not peculiar, except that the former is a little notched in the middle, below. The intestine is somewhat peculiar. There are six longitudinal folds, G, and the lower part of G, (forming the last posterior loop), being independent of the spiral torsion of the normal Amalia folds, lying to one side. There is no coecum. In the genital system the accessory gland (characteristic of Amalia), is completely wanting. Dr. Babor, in discussing the systematic position of Aspzdoporus and Amalia, gives evidence for regarding them as independent of the Limacide, and as a branch from the family Helicid@ (in the narrow sense). The main argument for this view is that the embryologic origin of the spermatheca is diverse in the two groups, Amalia being of the Helicid triaule type, while Zimax is of the diaule type. An adequate discussion of this question would require more space than is available in this place; but it should be said that the well-developed pedal grooves show Amalia to be a typical Aulacopodous snail, and, therefore, far removed from the Helicid@; while the particular modi- fication of the retractor muscle system distinctly points to the Lima- eid@. This is not likely to be a wholly independent parallel evolu- tion. Moreover, I fail to see any such resemblance between the intestinal arrangements of Aspidovorus and the Helices as Dr. Babor alludes to, though the gut is wholly unlike that of Lémaz. It is very gratifying to have the real existence of Aspidoporus proven, especially as the genus is undoubtedly more primitive than 34 THE NAUTILUS. Amaia, and a valuable link in the phylogenetic history of that group ; and it is fortunate that the material fell into the hands of so compe- tent a naturalist as Dr. Babor. | MD 5 Wire: 45) es AGASSIZ ASSOCIATION DEPARTMENT, [Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Association, by its General Secretary, Dr. W. 8. Strode.] SHELLS AND MASTODON. [Extract from the report of Mr. W. Hilles Smith, Niles, Mich. From the Trans- actions of the lsaac Lea Conchological Chapter for 1899. ] Since my last report I have had the pleasure of gathering shells that were cohabitant with the Mastodon. About two miles west and a little north of the village of Buchanan, Berrien Co., Mich., is what is known as the Bakertown Marsh. In company with Prof. E. H. Frane, of Colon, Mich., who was hunting for remains of the Mas- todon, I was hunting for remains of the mollusks, each in pursuit of his own hobby. The marsh had in former years.been a lake about three miles long and one mile wide, and is now grown up to marsh grass without a sign of a tree in it anywhere, but in our excavations and along the large ditch was a layer or stratum of timber or drift wood, if such it might be called. The main part of our search was along the Jarge ditch which is fully a mile long and runs through the middle of the marsh, made for the purpose of draining it, and all along on both sides of this ditch this layer of drift wood could be plainly seen. At one place was to be seen a large stone which would measure fully a cubic yard, lying right on top of this drift, and its weight had depressed the wood fully eight inches, showing unmistak- able evidence of glacial drift. Some of the timber was as large as six inches in diameter, but the most of it was small and closely re- sembled our black oak of to-day. Commencing at the top and read- ing down, the strata appear as follows: Marsh bog, 16 inches. Recent peat, 20 inches. Peat and drift wood, 10 inches. Lake silt with no whole shells, 8 inches. Semi-ligneous peat, 12 inches. Shells and lake drift, 8 inches. Blue clay, 7 inches. Quick sand, 7 to 10 feet. THE NAUTILUS. 35 The skulls of the mastodon were found partly in and partly under the semi-ligneous peat, showing the shells to be as old or older than the mastodon. You may think, What has all this to do with shells? It is to give you, dear reader, some small idea of low long these shells have been lying there in what was once thought to be their last resting place, and how little the species differ from the same kind of the present day. The shells, so far as found, are as follows : Limnea stagnalis L., L. desidiosa Say, L. humilis Say ; Planorbis deflectus Say, P. parvus Say, P. biearinatus Say, P. trivolvis Say, P. campanulatus Say; Ancylus rivularis Say ; Amnicola limosa Say, A. lustrica Pils.; Campeloma integer Say, O. obesum Lewis, C. sub- solidum Anth.; Physa ancillaria Say, P. heterostropha Say, P. in- tegra Hald.; Strobilops labyrinthica Say ; Suecinea ovalis Gld.; Cary- chium exiguum Say; Valvata tricarinata Say ; Zonites radiatulus Ald.; Pleurocera elevatum Say, Goniobasis livescens Mke., Margaritana rugosa Bar., M. deltoidea Lea, Anodonta subcylindracea Lea, A. footiana Lea, Spherium simile Say, S. striatinum Lam., Pisidium compressum Prime, Unio pressus Lea, U. novi-eboraci Lea, U. ven- tricosus Bar., U. spatulatus Lea. All the shells are white and very frail except the Plewrocera ele- ‘vatum, which is strong and still retains its coloring. The Limnea stagnalis is larger than any that has come to my notice of the present day shells, some of them measuring over two inches long, and the Planorbis campanulatus and bicarinatus are also very large, larger than the present day shells of the same species. The Valvata tri- carinata was also larger than any that I have seen and was quite plentiful. | One thing struck me as rather singular, that the shells seemed to be in colonies. For instance, take the whole line of that ditch, and there was only one place about a rod long where the Pleurocera ele- watum was found, and the other shells had their localities where they were plentiful and almost none at all elsewhere. The Valvata tri- carinata seemed to be as evenly distributed as any, and it was more plentiful in some places than it was in others. There are many things to be found by a careful observer in over- hauling a mass of such stuff as that lake drift. For instance, Prof. Cram in searching a lump of the dirt found a perfect skeleton head of a fly of the general appearance of our house fly, oniy larger, and we found unmistakable evidence of man by the presence of flint im- plements and horn tools. 36 THE NAUTILUS. GENERAL NOTES. Bifidaria armifera var. nov. rvidosensis.—Shell only 4 mm. long, with the two outer teeth a considerable distance within the aperture. Three specimens collected by Mr. C. M. Barber in the nest of an ant (Pogonomyrmex) at Blackwell’s Ranch, Ruidoso, New Mexico, Oct. 10, 1898, together with Swecinea avara, Cochlicopa lubrica, Helico- discus lineatus, Vitrea indentata, Zonitoides arboreus, Leucocheila fal- lax and Vallonia gracilicosta. ‘The shells have quite a distinct ap- pearance, and the locality is a long way from the ordinary range of BL. armifera. Dr, Sterki, to whom I sent a specimen, says he has known the form for many years, and has seen it from Kansas, Mis- souri and Minnesota; he also states that he has seen true armifera from Mexico.—T. D. A. CocKERELL. The collection of the late H. D. Van Nostrand has been acquired by Columbia University, New York, where it will be suitably dis- played._s. R. R. Among other interesting forms described by Professor Ralph Tate in the last volume of the Trans. Royal Society of South Australia, are five species of the curious genus Philobrya, from the tertiary and recent faunz of Australia and New Zealand. The genus is referred to the family Mytiide by Tate, who gives a list of all the species now known. ‘Though the shells are so small, the genus should be easily recognized by the peculiar spreading embryonic shells perched at the apices of the valves. . A New SPEcIES OF PRisTILOMA.—Mr. E. G. Vanatta has re- cently described, with a figure, a new Pristiloma (P. pilsbry:) from Portland, Oregon. The summits of the whorls are nodulous “ very much like Macrochlamys diadema Dall.” (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1899.) Another new form has recently been described by Mr. Pilsbry as Pristiloma Taylori, types having been collected by the Rev. Geo. W. Taylor at Nanaimo, Vancouver Island. The Pristiloma arctica of Lehnert, from Point Barrow, Alaska, is also figured in the same paper (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1899), and a key to the known species of the genus js given. A New Varitety oF PoLyGyra MONODON.—P. monodon frier- sont: Shell large, alt. 7, greatest diam. 10} mm., differing from the typical form in having 635 whorls or over, which are more closely coiled and narrower in consequence of their greater number; base very convex, strongly swollen around the deep axial excavation ; perforation very narrow and oblique... From Krierson, La., collected by | Mirus. S.) Frierson, ~ _.H. A. PILsBry. gl wap Gite eed Fr THE NAUTILUS. Vou. XITI. AUGUST, 1899. No. 4. NEW SOUTHWESTERN FORMS OF POLYGYRA. BY H. A. PILSBRY. Mr. James H, Ferriss made a journey through Arkansas and the Choctaw Nation of Indian Territory, during February of this year. It was too early in the season for the best results with snails; they were partially torpid, and not readily flushed from cover; and while some log-rolling had to be done, Mr. Ferriss missed the excitement of moving half a ton of rock for each one, as he was accustomed to do in the Smokies. Nevertheless, some interesting things were collected. Near Texarkana, Ark., on the Red River, numerous specimens were taken of a variety of Polygyra Dorfeuilliana, agreeing with var. Sampsoni Wetherby, in the ample umbilical region, but differing in the heavy rib-striation of the whole base (Sampsoni being nearly smooth beneath), and in the almost marginal position of the upper lip-tooth, which is less immersed than in any of the other forms of the species. This form may be known as var. percostata. But Fer- Tiss’ greatest success was in stalking big game. It isn’t everybody who can find unknown Polygyras nearly an inch in diameter; and Mr. Ferriss is prouder of it than a boy with a new knife. The new form was at first thought to be P. kiowaénsis var. arkan- saénsis, but a comparison with the types of that shell shows the new one to be quite different. As not many more large and distinct new Polygyras can reasonably be expected in these United States, and 38 THE NAUTILUS. the name of Mr. W. G. Binney has not yet been given to one of the genus, Mr. Ferriss unites with me in calling this one Polygyra Bin- neyana n. sp. (Binney’s Mesodon). It may best be described by a comparison with the most nearly allied species, P. divesta (Gld.). Shell of about the same depressed form as the large variety of P. divesta, narrow, its width contained 15-18 times in that of the shell, and half covered by the reflexed but not appressed lip. Color, brownish-yellow. Sculpture similar to that of the large variety of divesta, the surface being glossy and finely striated, showing under a lens very fine, close spiral striz. Whorls 0%, rather slowly increasing, the last becoming much wider, rounded -at the periphery, a little deflexed in front, constricted: behind the peristome. Aperture oblique, elliptical-lunate; peristome rather narrowly reflexed, with its face rounded and the edge a little re- curved ; baso-columellar margin arcuate, sometimes showing a very slight median callus. Alt. 124, diam. 22 mm. (Hardy). Alt. 11, diam. 195 mm. (Tushkahoma). Typical P. divesta is very much more coarsely striated, with the umbilicus wholly covered by a. well-developed, appressed callus, as in P. albolabris. P. Binneyana occurred at Hardy, Sharp Co., in northern central Arkansas, and at Tushkahoma, Choctaw Nation. Polygyra divesta was originally described from Arkansas, no special - locality being given. The original specimens, of. which two from Gould are before me, are very coarsely striated, with the lip flattened and not recurved at the edge, and measure 165 and 18 mm. in diameter. This rather coarse form is before me from the following localities : Louisiana: Grand Cane, De Soto Parish, in N.-W. La. (Wil- liamson). Arkansas: Mabelvale, Pulaski Co. (C. W. Johnson) and Hot Springs, Garland Co., in the central, and Eureka Springs, Carroll Co. (Sampson) in the northwestern part of the State. Binney gives the locality, Washita Springs. Missouri: Chadwick, Christian Co., and Springfield, Greene Co. (Ferriss) both in the southwestern part of the State. Kansas: Fort Scott, Bourbon Co. (Sampson), on the southeastern edge of the State. THE NAUTILUS. bo Indian Territory: Port Gibson (C. 'T. Simpson), in the Cherokee County, northeastern part of the Territory. Binney reports divesta from Vernon Co., Mississippi; but as there is no county of that name in that State, a reliable locality for the species east of the Mississippi river is still wanting. Probably the reference is an error for the parish in Louisiana of the same name, In some of the lots the lip is quite narrow and recurved a little at the edge; and there is great variation in size, the smallest specimens being from Eureka Springs, Ark., and Springfield, Mo., with a diameter of 15 mm,; the largest are from Eureka Springs, Ark., and Grand Cane, La., and measure 19 mm. in greatest diameter. Binney gives measurements of a specimen 20 mm. diameter. In the Indian Territory, at Limestone Gap, Choctaw Nation. (C. T. Simpson), and Tushkahoma, about 40 miles farther eastward in the Choctaw Nation (J. H. Ferriss, 1899), a large form occurs, diameter 21 to 27 mm., with glossy, shining surface and very fine striation, the last whorl proportionately wider than in the typical form, lip narrow and recurved. This is apparently a well-marked sub-species, and may be called P. divesta indianorum. It adds another to the small group of forms such as P. jacksoni deltoidea Simp., P. eragint Call, P. kiawaensis Simp., and Vitrea Simpsoni Pils., which give a certain individuality to the fauna of a small territory in this region. When the areas of the southwestern. snails come to be mapped, as Mr. Bryant Walker has mapped the Michigan species, we will find that this tract has quite a number of special species and sub-species. Polygyra vultuosa and allied species. In the recently published catalogue, P. vultuosa, Henriette, Copei and Cragini were united as sub-species of the first. A careful review of the forms of this group, in the light of material and hints furnished by A. G. Wetherby, has caused some modifications of that arrange- ment, which was originally proposed by Mr. Binney. I would now define the southwestern species and sub-species of Triodopsis thus : I. Basal lip with a keel on its face. | a. Keel slight, umbilicus narrow. P. vultuosa. a'. Keel very strong ; aperture lunate ; umbilicus wider. P. vultuosa Copei. a’, Keel strong; aperture triangular; spire higher. P. vultuosa Henriette. 40 THE NAUTILUS. II. No trace of a keel on the convex face of the basal lip. a. Umbilicus small, showing the penultimate whorl only ; striation fine. P. Cragini. a’. Umbilicus wide, showing all the whorls within, cylindri- cal and wide at the bottom where the first whorl is prominently seen; striation coarser than in Cragint, base more convex, spire flatter; basal lip somewhat sinuous; teeth stronger, the upper one square, the basal tubercular; diam. 11-12 mm. P. neglecta n. sp. The type locality of P. vultuosa is ‘* Arkansas and Texas.” This is rather vague; but I have collected the typical form in Calcasieu Parish in southwestern Louisiana and at Houston, Texas. Mr. Singley has sent it from Lee Co., Texas. P. vultuosa Henriette (Mazyck, January, 1878) was described from, ‘‘ Eastern Texas.’’ Forms probably referable to it, though certainly not typical, have been sent by Mr. Singley from Robertson Co., and Wheelock, Texas. P. vultuosa Copex (Wetherby, March, 1878) was from Hardin Co., 20 miles N. of Beaumont, eastern Texas. I have it from Angelina Co., also (McDaniel). P. Cragini (Call, Dec. 1886) originally came from the banks of Chetopa Creek, Neosho Co., southeastern Kansas. Mr. Jas. H. Ferriss collected it at Thayer, also in Neosho Co. Mr. Simpson got specimens at McAllister, in the eastern part of Indian Territory, and it extends south to Wood Co., in northeastern Texas. The sole locality in Arkansas is near ‘’exarkana on the Red River (Ferriss). P. Cragini is easily distinguished from all forms of vultwosa by the total absence of a keel on the face of the basal lip. It is brown and glossy, usually between 74 and 95 mm. diameter, and the umbilicus is quite small. P. neglecta (n. sp.) has been in our collection from several locali- ties and collectors for some years, under the names ‘ vultuosa,” “© Cragin,” and ‘“ fallax var.’’ It is much depressed, light yellow- ish-corneous, glossy and finely rib-striate, with five closely coiled whorls, the Jast much constricted and opaque behind the peristome and a little deflexed in front. Aperture small, ‘“‘ dished” as in P. fraudulenta, with a square tooth on the outer lip, bent inward, a smaller tubercular marginal tooth on the basal lip, and an abruptly bent parietal tooth, connected or almost connected with the colu- THE NAUTILUS. 4] mellar end of the peristome. ‘lhe umbilicus is ample and deep, and shows the base of the first whorl prominently at the bottom; enlarged a little at the mouth by the deviation of the last whorl. Alt, 54, diam, 122 mm. (Eureka Springs). Ait. 44, diam. 104 mm. (Springfield). This is a very constant and easily recognized form, without the keel on the face of the basal lip of vultwosa, the dark color, fine striation and raised spire of Cragin’, and differing from both and from the large P. fraudulenta in the peculiar umbilicus. The localities are : Southwestern Missouri: Springfield, Greene Co., and Pearson’s Creek (A. G. Wetherby). Eastern Kansas: Fort Scott, Bourbon Co. (F. A. Sampson). Northwestern Arkansas: Eureka Springs (Sampson). It will be seen that although the range of P. neglecta comprises localities in three States, they are not far removed from one another, and so far, the total area indicated for the species is remarkably small. The only reference to this form in previous conchological litera- ture is under the name Triodopsis fallax, small variety, F. A. Sampson. Ann. Rep. Geol. Survey of Arkansas for 1891, ii, p. 189 (1893). NOTES ON TWO VARIETIES OF PYRAMIDULA (PATULA) ALTERNATA (SAY). BY GEORGE H. CLAPP. In the American Journal of Conchology, Vol. 6, page 188, the late Dr. Jas. Lewis published a paper entitled “‘ Notes on the Land Shells of East Tennessee,” in which he gave a very brief descrip- tion of Helix alternata Say var. costata. As this variety is found in various collections under the names of Var. mordax and Var. costifera, it is thought that a description of * it will prove of interest. Pyramidula (Patula) alternata var. costata (Lewis). Shell flat- tened on upper surface, more convex below, carinated, heavily ribbed above, ribs ending on the carina, almost smooth below but ribs faintly continued into the umbilicus with light intermediate ribs 42 THE NAUTILUS. radiating from the umbilicus and ending at, the carina. Color like, the type, generally yellow or yellowish-white with very faint or no, brown patches on under surface. | Whorls about 52, Greater diam. 19, lesser 17, alt. 9 mm.. .: tae y Greater diam. 19, lesser 164, alt. 9mm. |_| } ; The very heavy ribs ending on the carina will serve at once -to distinguish this from any of the other numerous varieties of alternata. There is a wide variation in the number of ribs on the body- whorl as the following figures will show : Diam. 19 mm., 24 ribs. Diam. 19 mm., 38 ribs. Diam. 174 mm., 32 ribs. So far reported from ‘‘ Kast Tennessee ”’ (Lowiey and Cades Cove, Blount Co., Tenn. (Ferriss & Clapp). Another variety of alternata is found near Knoxville, Tani It is a large, coarse shell with rounded body-whorl and scarcely a trace of carination. Color dull brown with very faint darker markings,, ribs low but fairly strong, epidermis very heavy and wrinkled, the wrinkles under a glass having a netted appearance like the venation in the wings of insects. Whorls 54. tN cee ye Greater diam. 233, lesser 20, alt. 125 mm. rigonella Con. This name being superseded, I propose to substitute that of Pachydesma’’). Prior to 1848 no description of Donax stultorum was published— not a line except the name and the locality, “ Indian Seas.” The specimen figured by Mawe is young, and apparently the color-var. triserialis. The first description was by Hanley in 1843. Gray.merely refers to the plate in Index ‘Testac. Suppl., not even to Mawe’s earlier publication. Query: Should Mawe’s fi without description and with a false locality and erroneous generic gure, which is quite recognizable, but reference, displace Conrad’s name, which was from a known locality, was well defined, and was accompanied by a good figure of the typi- eal many-rayed shell ? NEW SOUTHERN UNIOS. BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT. Unio singularis, sp. nov. Shell uniformly and mo.erately solid, wide, rather inflated and very inequilateral. Surface sulcate, with distant growth lines; epidermis dark olive, rayless, finely wrinkled, and towards the base becoming fuscous; dorsal margin slightly arched, anterior margin abruptly rounded, base straight or subemarginate, posterior margin bluntly rounded or biangulated; beaks not prominent, and sur- rounded by five or six sharp concentric ridges which gradually merge into the sulcations on the umbos; umbonal ridge bluntly rounded ; lateral teeth erect, solid, straight, widely separated from the cardinals and, in the left valve, from each other, single in the right and double (?) in the left valve, the superior division possessing scarcely prominence enough to warrant calling it a tooth; cardinal teeth solid, double in the left and single in the right valves ; the single one being deeply serrated on its summit; beak cavities very slight ; 76 THE NAUTILUS. anterior cicatrices smooth, well-impressed and distant; posterior cicatrices slightly impressed, smooth and confluent ; nacre pale blue, white or coppery. Width, 23; length, 13; diameter, 7% inches. Habitat: Spring Creek, Decatur Co., Ga. Type lot in National Museum. Remarks: Affinity, Unio scamnatus Morel. The roughness of the surface of this singular shell is the one feature that at once arrests attention. We know of no other U.S. species of this class (as to outline) that possesses such a surface. It is not, however, so con- spicuously furrowed as its affinity. AN ATTEMPT TO DEFINE THE NATURAL GROUPS OF STROMBS. BY GEO. HALCOTT CHADWICK. Having recently had the privilege of studying a fine series of the living species of Strombus, Pterocera and Terebellum, the opportunity seemed favorable for a critical examination of the entire group. As IT am not aware that any similar attempt has been made to revise the Strombi, the results obtained are respectfully submitted to the scien- tific world. Lacking anatomical data, I have freely used neglected and sometimes indefinable features of the shells as guides to their inter-relationships. Forced to recognize some new groups, I have left the secondary matter of names to those more skilled in nomen- clature, but have indicated the probable application of the titles already in use, as to the types of which scarcely any two authors, save Tryon and Fischer, agree. Of the species and varieties of Strombus recognized in Tryon’s monograph,.I have seen all but S. tnteger, taurus, listert, dilatatus, labiosus, deformis, septimus, minimus, sibbaldi, erythrinus (true), pul- chellus, hellit, scalariformis and bulbulus, although S. goliath, fustfor- mis and terebellatus were not now before me. All ten of the Ptero- cerz were at hand. The grouping of the species which seems to me most in accordance with their natural relations, as indicated by shell features and geo- graphical distribution, is as follows: Group A (Monodactylus). Canal lengthened, bent abruptly dorsally; lip with margin straight- ened, incurled, truncated at both ends, bearing a posterior digitation THE NAUTILUS. 77 originating above the shoulder angle; body regularly sculptured with spiral striw and rows of nodules ; spire elegant, high, without varices; suture suddenly, vertically ascending at aperture ; columellar callus thinning rapidly, or with an impressed area, posteriorly; no conspic- uous periostracum. S. auris-diane, melanostomus, aratrum, australis. Distribution: Mauritius to Japan and Polynesia. The American forms and ¢tricornis, included by Tryon, differ con- siderably (note the italicized passages above) from this very natural little Indo-Pacific group, and are grouped elsewhere. Group B (nov.). Canal bent back, the columellar callus terminating below in a prom- ment knob, giving a bilobed appearance ; lip with the antesinual lobe directed forward, the outer margin inrolled and thickened, descending from the suture and lobed in the posterior sinus; body with spiral rows of squarish nodules ; spire moderate. S. papilio, lentiginosus. Distr.: Zanzibar to Polynesia. The wide difference between these two species and the smooth ones allied to daciniatus is readily seen from the above definition, while many points of resemblance with Group A will be detected, suggest- ing community of origin. Sub-group B 2. Callus prominent below, hardly knobbed ; lip edge sharp, ‘‘hooded”’ posteriorly, but not lobed; spire Adgh, nodular. S. granulatus. Panama and Galapagos. This species, which differs utterly from all other American forms, agrees too closely in many respects with the dentiginosus group, and seems to form a geographically isolated section. | Group C (Strombus). Shell large and strong; canal not much lengthened, somewhat curved or s’nwous; lip widely expanded, especially above, where it is sometimes lobed; suture ascending at aperture; body spirally corded ; periostracum thick and coarse, sprrally wave-striolate. S. gallus, gigas, goliath, costatus, integer, bituberculatus, bubonius, galeatus, peruvianus. -Distr.; American, South Carolina to Brazil, Mazatlan to Peru; West African. 78 THE NAUTILUS. I can find no reliable feature by which to separate the American ‘‘monodactyl ” species (the posterior lobe, which is derived from the shoulder-angle and is not homologous with the digitation of the Oriental forms, being incipient in gigas itself), and I have detected the peculiar periostracum in all but gallus. Moreover in the char- acters of spire and body gallus agrees with gigas, bituberculatus with costatus (and has a variety corresponding with ¢nermis), and peruvi- anus with galeatus, and this accords with their geographical range. Sub-group CO 2. Canai short, straight ; lip scarcely expanded, with margin faintly incurled, deeply receding at the, suture, and not surmounting the shoulder of the penultimate whorl ; body nearly smooth; periostracum finely, densely, vertically lamellose; inner lip spreading. S. pugilis, gracilior. Antillean and West Mexican. The last clause of the definition is needed to distinguish this small American group from Conomurex luhwanus, which it strangely par- allels. Only a conservative spirit and the occasional presence of wave-striolations on the periostracum induce me to give this group secondary rank under group C. Group D (Euprotomus). Canal very short, with the dorsal margin produced beyond the short tip of the straightened columella; lip with the antesinual lobe broad, rolled upward and inward, the outer margin broadly and abruptly inflected ; body with a large node; spire high, whor!s nodulous. S. laciniatus, latissimus, ponderosus, taurus. Distr.; Japan to Fiji Is. iS. tricornis. Red Sea. The last species is aberrant in its single posterior lobe and obso- lescent inflection of the lip margin, but the resemblance to perurtanus- is evidently deceptive. S. tawrus strikingly emphasizes the close al- liance of this group to Group E (Pterocera). This group need not be redefined. It has the peculiar form of -antesinual lobe of the preceding group, and differs mainly in the elongated canals and numerous lip-claws. (To be continued.) THE NAUTILUS. ( NOTE ON SOME NEW MEXICAN SHELLS. BY H. Av PEILSBRY. Professor T. D. A. Cockerell recently sent a small box of fluvia- tile debris containing shells, obtained during the past summer by Professor J. D. Tinsley at South Spring Creek, near Roswell, N. M. The list of species follows: Polygyra texasiana ( Moric.) Planorbis exacutus Say. Bifidaria pentodon (Say). Ancylus rivularis Say. Zonitoides minusculus ( Binn.). Physa virgata Gld. Carychium exiguum (Say). Paludestrina seemanni (¥ fld.). Limnea humilis Say. Amnicola sp. Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Pisidium compressum Prime. There was a single dead specimen of the Amnicola, which is prob- ably a new species somewhat like A. micrococcus, but more conic. With the shells were numerous minute bivalve crustaceans of the Oypris type, and some of the Valvata-like larva-cases of Helicupsyche, composed of much coarser materials than are chosen by our eastern HH. arenifera. AMONG THE UNIOS OF THE SABINE RIVER. BY L. S. FRIERSON. The Sabine River forms part of the boundary between Texas and Louisiana. The Houston, East & West Texas Railroad crosses the river at Logansport, a thriving village of about one-half mile in diam- eter. This town derives its support from an immense saw-mill, one of the largest in the world. It is worthy of a trip to see the huge logs pulled about, and in a few minutes turned into finished lumber, loaded into cars and ready to go unto the uttermost parts of the world. But it was not lumber for which I took my trip to the Sabine, but to describe the river and its inhabitants. This river flows through and over immense sand banks. Its walls are fifty feet high, and mainly of pure sand from top to bottom. At the time of my visit it was so low that even a flat-bottomed skiff could not be paddled up it, except here and there in pools. As 80 THE NAUTILUS. soon as we were out of sight of the town we waded into the river. In the clear water the Unios could be seen and picked up, and in a couple of hours we had collected about 1,000 and returned to the town, and shipped our catch home. By this time the August sun was at a heat of about 92°, and we spent the rest of the day trying to keep cool. By the next train we came home, and cleaned up and assorted our booty. ‘They were a rich lot. You lovers of Unio, read the list: Unio multiplicatus Lea. Unio trapezoides Lea. Unio perplicatus Con. with several ‘‘aliases.”’ Unio purpuratus Lam., very numerous and large. Unio anodontoides Lea., rather scarce, and very poor. Unio cornutus Barnes. Fine. Unio sphaericus Lea. Unio refulgens Lea. Unio hydianus Lea. Unio castaneus Lea. Unio gracilis Bar., very abundant. Unio nigerrimus Lea. A very distinct species, and most certainly not subrostratus Say, as has been claimed. Unio cerinus Conrad, scarce. Unio askewii Marsh, abundant. Unio chunii Lea, scarce. Unio riddellii Lea. This shell is so rare that Mr. Chas. T. Simp- son writes me that these from the Sabine river are the only undoubted specimens he has ever seen (excepting the type). Unio asper Lea. Unio elegans Lea. Unio satur Lea. Another “rara avis.”” (Some uniologists think this shell to be a variant of U. occidens, but, from the study of 105 specimens, I believe it a ‘ good”’ species.) Unio amphichenus Frierson. This is a remarkable shell, and its > novelty has now “stood fire’? without loss. Anodonta imbecillis Say. Anodonta edentula Say. (From a tributary of the Sabine river, and by odds the largest specimen [ have ever seen. ) Anodonta virens-stewartiana, etc., ete. Margaritana confragosa Barnes. THE NAUTILUS. 81 Besides these, there are a lot of * suspects”? also, which may yield the following species : Unio cuneus Con, Unio hebetatus Con. Unio Finally, our box yielded two large univalves, which Mr. Marsh New species ; has pink nacre. pronounces to be Campeloma geniculum Conrad. ABALONE FISHERY IN CALIFORNIA--PROTECTIVE REGULATION. BY R. E. C. STEARNS. The continued gathering or ‘ fishing ”’ of Abalones (//aliotis, Ear- thells or Ormers, as they are variously called), along the coast of California, has recently led to restrictive action by some of the county authorities. The supervisors of Monterey, and of other of the sea- board counties, have taken the necessary legal steps to regulate the fishing, which has been carried on continuously from about 1864 to the present time by the Chinese, and of late by the Japanese. The well-known species, Haliot’s rufescens and H. eracherodii, so abund- ant between tidemarks a few years ago, have, owing to the uninter- ‘mittent collecting by the Asiatic fishermen, become comparatively scarce. An ordinance recently passed by the authorities of Monterey County, makes it unlawful to “fish”? for Abalones except in deep water, and by means of diving apparatus or other deep-sea devices. A license of $60 is also to be charged in the future for “ fishing ”’ for abalones. (This license fee is presumably for the term of a year.) The ordinance is said to be ‘“ the result of a fight’? between the city of Monterey, seeking to stop the gathering and shipping out of the county (or country ?) of Abalone meats and shells, and the Japanese cannery, that has carried on an extensive business at a plant on Car- mel Bay, about six miles south of Monterey. Practically, the ordi- nance is a compromise between local parties; the fishermen being restricted to “ deep water,’ excepting a limited portion of the littoral 82 THE NA@PEUS, zone, between a line drawn due west from Carmel river and the southern boundary of the county. Monterey City, with its Del Monte hotel and fine surroundings, Pacific Grove with its many attractive features, the beautiful Car- mel Valley and the old Mission church, make the region hereabout the most popular seaside resort in Central California, and draw great numbers of people from all parts of the state. The rambles along the shore, collecting the beautiful Abalones and other shells, by visitors, who carry them away as souvenirs, has been one of the many attractions, and has had no doubt something to do with the above action on the part of the authorities, to prevent the extermin- ation of one of Nature’s most beautiful forms. Whatever may have been the motive that has led to this restrictive regulation, it is amply justified on the broad ground of public interest, and the example of the Monterey supervisors should be followed by tbe officials in all of the coast counties. R. E.sGeas. CORRESPONDENCE. Hono.tutvu, Hawaiian Ips., Sept. 16, 1899. * * * My trip to Alaska was most interesting and successful. My attention was chiefly given to geology and paleontology, so I had little time for collecting shells, still I did something and added a few points to our knowledge of geographical distribution. The most in- teresting was the discovery at Biorka Island, at the entrance of Sitka sound, that a number of the southern species creep up along the seaward margin of the archipelago much further north than they do among the islands. Thus I found Leptothyra carpentert, Psam- mobia californica, Calliostoma filosum, ete., at Biorka, though they do not occur in Sitka Sound nor, as far as I know, much north of Vancouver Island, in the inner channels. Prof. Ritter, of Cala. State University, did the dredging tlfat was done, but the results in mollusks were less novel than in other directions. After our return to Portland I came down here Aug. 9th per steamer, making the passage in six days very comfortably. The sea en route was much less supplied than I had expected with pteropods THE NAUTILUS. 835 and other pelagic life, and there was hardly a trace of plosphores- cence, a great contrast to the northern seas, which fairly reek with life in a myriad forms. We saw Velella and flying fish (once) and a few porpoises, one petrel, and away from land were attended as usual by thé black-footed albatross. Here I have been revising the catalogue of the shell collection of the Bishop Memorial Museum, a surprisingly well developed and outfitted museum of Polynesian ethnology and natural history. After Mr. Bishop, formerly of Honolulu, a wealthy banker who founded the museum in memory of his wife (who belonged to the royal fam- ily of Hawaii), the existence and flourishing condition of the museum is largely due to Dr. W. T. Brigham, the director, who has been a resident here for many years. The shell collection is that made by Andrew Garrett, and (apart from the great collections like those of the Nat. Museum at Wash- ington, the Academy at Philadelphia, the British Museum, etc.) is one of the best in Pacific Ocean species that exist. ‘There are 8,000 or 9,000 species and about 22,000 specimens, mostly in excellent condition, neatly mounted on tablets with printed labels. Local col- lecting is poor. The land shells are found in the wet region high up on the mountains and not near the town, where irrigation alone en- ables anything to grow. ‘There is little on the reefs near the town ; I noticed a Zectarius and a Melaraphe. Plecotrema striata Phil. was the only thing at all common. ‘The animal is much like that of Alexia; there is no transverse sulcus to the sole of the foot and the eyes are directly over the middle line of the tentacles at their bases. There are one or two species of JMelania here, very similar to the Oregonian species as regards the shells, but these are true Melanians with a fringe on the mantle edge. ‘The muzzle is rather long, flat and tapering, the mouth is a vertical slit; the colors gray, dotted with opaque yellow and white. A singular fact appeared on trying to drown some for dissection ; although there were no eggs on the shells, there appeared a lot of young Melanians with about six smooth, glassy nepionic, and one subsequent sculptured, whorls. There seems to be no escape from the deduction that these species are viviparous.. The grown shells are always decollate. I shall try and bring some home. ‘The live Achatinellas and Auriculellas look like other pulmonates (Helicide). * * * Wm. H. Datt. 84 THE NAUTILUS. GENERAL NOTES. POLYGYRA TRIODONTOIDES IN New Mexico.—Prof. J. D. Tins ley has just brought me several specimens of P. tridontoides Bland, which he collected this year on South Spring Creek, near Roswell, in the Pecos Valley. This adds a species to the fauna of New Mex- ica, and extends its range considerably to the west.—T, D. A. CocKERELL. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. THe Moxuuusca oF Funaruti. By Chas. Hedley. (Memoirs of Australian Museum, IIJ., 1899.) Several expeditions have recently been made to the Ellice Islands, in which is situated the Funafuti Atoll. In his introductory remarks Mr. Hedley says: ‘* The poverty of the fauna of the atoll, compared with that of any continental area lying under corresponding latitudes, such as Queensland, New Guinea, or the Melanesian Plateau, again asserts itself. Whole groups, the Brachiopoda and the Poly placophora, are missing, giving to the fauna an unsymmetrical aspect. Especi- ally significant is the absence of mollusca with large eggs, such as Nautilus, Melo or Voluta, from this drifted fauna. In many cases the Funafuti shells are smaller than the usual stature of their respective species.” ‘‘Tt comes as a surprise to a naturalist to find the pelagic fauna scarce in this latitude. One Pteropod, one Heteropod, and a frag- ment of Janthina were all of this class that came under my notice. The quiet waters of the lagoon prove a richer field for a collector than the storm-swept ledges of the ocean beach. The sole representative of a fluviatile fauna was a species of Melania, which occurred in some abundance in the native wells.” Part I. contains the Gasteropoda, Part II., the Pelecypoda and Brachiopoda, followed by a summary of the entire fauna, and later by a supplement. Four new genera, Obtortio, Contumax, Thetidos and Mecoliotia, 58 new species and four new varieties of Gasteropoda; 6 new Pelecy- poda, one new Scaphopoda, and one new Brachiopoda are described. Upwards of 650 species are recorded from the atoll. > ei THE NAUTILUS. Vou. XITI. DECEMBER, 1899. No. 8, NOTE ON SIGARETUS OLDROYDII. BY W. H. DALL. Nearly two years ago (NauTiLus, December, 1897, p. 86), I de- scribed, from a single specimen obtained in deep water at San Pedro by Mrs. Oldroyd, an interesting shell belonging to the Naticidex. Although of rather naticoid shape, it showed a well-marked fine spiral striation and a flaring umbilicus, recalling S. concavus La- marck, but with a much thinner and more delicate shell and larger umbilicus. Recently Mr. J. S. Arnheim, of San Francisco, dredged in Drake’s Bay, Cal., a larger shell which proves to be the adult form of S. oldroydii. In this the Naticoid form has become more pronounced, the umbilicus smaller and narrower, and a basal zone of paler color than the rest is well marked. The shell continues to be very thin, the soft parts in life cover it almost entirely, though the thin extension of the mantle over the shell contracts greatly when the creature is placed in alcohol. The soft parts and operculum are typically Sigaretoid, but the shell when adult might almost be taken for a Lunatia. The dimensions of the adult are alt. 50, max. diam. 55mm. It is almost exactly intermediate, as far as the shell goes, between Sigaretus, Eunaticina and Lunatia. 86 THE NAUTILUS. MODIOLA PLICATULA LAMARCK IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY. BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS. The cry is, ‘* Still they come.”” In my short note in the February number of Tae Nauriius, I suggested the probability that Mytilus hamatus Say, would sooner or later be detected in the San Francisco Bay region. ‘Though not as yet reported, its near relative, Modiola plicatula, is there sure enough, and has been for several years. Through the kindness of Dr. J. P. Smith, of the Leland Stanford, Jr., University, I have received an example nearly two inches long, collected on the eastern shore of the bay by Mr. N. F. Drake, in 1894, at a point ‘3 miles north of Stanford University.”” Iam fur- ther indebted to Dr. Smith for specimens of Urosalpinx cinereus, from the oyster beds near Redwood city; these were eollected by Mr. E. E. Smith in 1898. Some time ago, Mr. Hemphill sent me several examples of Gemma purpurea Lea.; these were compared by Mr. Dall with specimens in the National Museum; he wrote to me, saying, they ‘‘ were about midway between the typical southern form and the large flat north- ern var. Zottent Stm.’’ The shells were all dead, and might have been brought in mud with the seed oysters, at the time the latter were planted on the Alameda flats. Los Angeles, Cal., October, 1899. NOTE ON THE CLAUSILIA OF CELEBES. BY E. R. SYKES. In their very valuable work’ on the land-shells of this island, Herr P. & F. Sarasin describe (p. 218) two new species of this genus —C. bouthainensis and C. menahasse—and list the forms known hith- erto. Unfortunately, a little note by the present writer,’ in which the species were listed, two new forms described, and the name of C. balantensis proposed for C. celebensis, Bttg. non Smith, appears 1 Wiesbaden, Oct., 1899, 4to. 4J. Malac. vi, pp. 23-4, pl. iv, pars (Aug. on Pras, THE NAUTILUS. 87 to have escaped their notice. Judging from their descriptions and figures, C. bouthainensis appears to be a synonym of O. pyrrha Sykes, and ©. minahasse is very close to C. makassarensis; indeed these last two may be identical, but their figures indicate a shell in which the whorls increase at a more even rate. In both cases the plicz palatales seem to be similar in number, size and position. Further, they place C. celebensis Bttg. (non Smith) as a variety of O. moluccensis, following Dr. Boettger,’ who has also proposed Para- phedusa as a new section for C. subpolita Smith. If these conclusions be correct, then the Celebes list will stand as below: C. alternata Moellendorff. C. celebensis Smith. C. cumingiana Pfr. Var. moluccensis Mts. celebensis Bttg. non Smith. balantensis Sykes. Var. s¢millima Smith. C. makassarensis Sykes. C. minahassé Sarasin. C. pyrrha Sykes. bouthainensis Sarasin. C. subpolita Smith. C. usitata Smith. I feel some doubt as to whether C. s¢millima be not a good species, distinct from C. cumingiana. NOTES ON THE MOLLUSCA OF CANANDAIGUA LAKE REGION, N. Y. BY DR. CHAS. T. MITCHELL. During the past summer I have collected, mounted and placed in my collection in the Union Free School Building in this village the shells of the following species of mollusca found in the above men- tioned region, which consists of the Lake, its inlet and outlet, and its shores, and glens opening toward the lake; most of the species are plentiful, while a few are rare : 1 Nachrbl. deutsch. malak. Ges. 1899 (April), pp. 56-9. 88 = SOMDNADT PSP & Ww poi — a ley ee) S| ep ey PS Se) THE NAUTILUS. - Unio complanatus Sol. Outlet. . Lampsilis luteolus Lam. Lake. Lampsilis iris Lea. Outlet. Alasmodonta rugosa Barnes. Outlet and Lake. . Alasmodonta pressa Lea. Outlet, rare. Alasmodonta marginata. Say. Outlet. . Anodonta grandis Say. Outlet. . Anodonta excurvata De Kay. Inlet. . Anodonta fragilis Lam. Inlet. . Anodonta implicata Say. Lake. . Anodonta footiana Lea. Outlet, rare. . Anodonta salmonia Lea. Outlet. . Anodonta simpsoniana Lea. Lake, rare. . Anodonta lewisit Lea. Lake. . Anodontordes subcylindraceus Lea. Outlet, rare. . Anodontoides ferrussacianus Lea. Outlet, rare. . Spherium striatinum Lam. Lake. . Spherium rhomboideum Say. Lake. . Spherium simile Say. Lake. 20. Polygyra albolabris Say. Glens. 20a, Polygyra albolabris var. dentata Walk. Glens, rare. 21. 22. 23. 24. 20. 26. 21s 28. 29. 30. dl. O2. 38. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38. Polygyra thyroides Say. Glens. Polygyra sayvi Binn. Glens. Polygyra palliata Say. Glens. Polygyra appressa Say. Glens, rare. Polygyra fallax Say. Glens, rare. Polygyra tridentata Say. Glens. Polygyra monodon Rack. Glens, rare. Polygyra hirsuta Say. Glens, rare. Pyramidula alternata Say. Glens. Omphalina fuliginosa Griff. Glens. Omphalina inornata Say. Glens. Circinaria concava Say. Glens. Succinea obliqua Say. Glens. Cochlicopa lubrica Mull. Shores. Vallonia pulchella Mull. Shores. Limnea stagnalis Linn. Lake. Limnea emarginata Say. Lake. Limnea palustris Mull. Lake, rare. THE NAUTILUS. 89 39. Limnea ampla Migh. Lake. 40. Limnea catascopium Say. Lake. 41. Physa ancillaria Say. Lake. 42. Physa sayti Tapp. Lake. 43. Physa heterostropha Say. Lake. 44. Planorbis campanulatus Say. Lake. 45. Planorbis trivolvis Say. Lake. 46. Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Lake. 47. Campeloma integer Say. Lake. NEW SOUTHERN UNIOS. BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT. Unio conjugans, sp. nov. Shell thick, solid, inflated, inequilateral, quadrate ; dorsal margin arched, posterior margin truncate and subemarginate, basal margin emarginate, anterior margin uniformly rounded; umbos rounded, umbonal ridge prominent, with a marked depression in front; epi- dermis dark chestnut; tuberculate throughout, the tuberculations being without apparent order of arrangement or uniformity of shape, except that they expand downward and each base terminates at a growth-line, and near the base of the shell they become joined into two broken ridges on the anterior half of the shell; cardinal teeth very heavy and deeply serrated, those in the left valve being tripar- tite and those in the right valve double; lateral teeth, which extend to the abrupt posterior dorsal angle, are solid, depressed, curved and comparatively smooth; anterior cicatrices deep, contracted and barely distinct ; posterior cicatrices well impressed and widely sepa- rated; pallial line deeply impressed and the pallial margin much thickened in the anterior portion ; dorsal cicatrices many, small, and arranged in a long oblique row under the cardinal teeth ; beak cavity deep, wide and bluntly terminated; nacre dead white with large umbraceous spots. Width 33, length 23, diam. 2 inches. Habitat : Hiawassa river, Polk Co., Tenn. Type in National Museum. Remarks: Affinity, U. blandianus Lea and U. tuberculatus Barnes. This species fills the gap between these species, and removes the latter from the isolated position it has heretofore held, uniting the 90 THE NAUTILUS. members of the group into a continuous chain, one end of which is U. cylindricus Say, U. cylindricus Say var. strigillatus Nobis, JU. tuberculatus Barnes, U. conjugans Nobis, U. blandianus Lea, 0. asperrimus Lea, etc., and at the other extreme U. nodiferus Con. Anteriorily the shell reminds one of tuberculatus, except that it is much more inflated in that region. Posteriorly it resembles blandi- anus Lea — rumphianus Lea. It is wider and more inequilateral, however, than that species. (70 be Continued.) PISIDIUM HANDWERKI, N. SP. BY DR. V. STERKI. Among a lot of Pisidia from the Lilycash Creek, Joliet, Ill., col- lected and sent for examination by Mr. J. H. Handwerk, in 1898, there were a few specimens of evidently a new species. Yet it needed confirmation by more materials. But all efforts of Mr. Handwerk to secure more examples were in vain until a few weeks ago, when he sent a lot of several thousand specimens from the same creek, containing P. compressum, fallax, cruciatum, punctatum, one of the abditum group, and a few dozen of the Pisidium under consid- eration, which is now confirmed as a n. sp. and named in honor of its discoverer. Mussel small, rather rounded in outline, rather high, moderately inflated; beaks moderately large, somewhat papilliform; superior margin strongly, inferior moderately curved; posterior rounded or slightly truncated, anterior end rounded or with a slight indication of an angle; surface with dense, almost regular and sharp striae, and with a silky gloss, tops of beaks smooth and shining, slightly flattened; color of epiconch pale to yellowish horn; shell rather o, nacre colorless or whitish, hinge stout, strongly curved, plate strong, moderately broad, lateral teeth stout, rather high, short; cardinal teeth small, fine; the right one angular, with the posterior part somewhat thicker, inserted.in a longitudinal groove on the hinge plate, formed by a sharp, tooth-like prominence along the lower edge of the plate; posterior cardinal tooth of the left valve rather long, longitudinal, nearly straight, its ends sloping ; anterior oblique, quite small, or almost obsolete ; ligament rather small. THE NAUTILUS. 9] Long. 2.4, alt. 2.2, diam. 1.7 mill. Hab.: Lilyeash creek, Joliet, Ill. Probably it has been over- looked in materials from other places, owing to its resemblance to immature specimens of some forms of P. compressum Pr. When once known it will always be recognized. It also resembles some forms of P. pauperculum Sterki in size and shape, but its compara- tively coarse striation will distinguish it at once. Pis. handwerki is not a showy Pisidium, with striking features, but nevertheless a good species. New Philadelphia, O., Nov., 1899. ORIGIN OF THE MUTATIONS OF OSTREA.’ The oysters are a proverbially difficult group, owing partly to their adherent situs and partly to the fact that they have not hitherto been studied with regard to the direct influence of the environment on individual specimens. That this is very great I have convinced myself from a prolonged study of a multitude of specimens of O. virginica of which the provenance was known, and of many hundred specimens of our tertiary species, which usually show from the character of the scar of attachment something of the circumstances in which they grew. The conclusions to which I have been led by this study may be regarded as in part provisional, but in the main highly probable, and as furnishing a first contribution to the sort of study which is essential if we would understand the processes of nature through which these animals acquire their most conspicuous external characters. They may be regarded as especially applicable to the Crassostrea group. Leaving out of account the nepionic characters, the characteristics of the adult shell may be summarized and derived as follows: The most permanent characters of the shell, and the best, if not infallible guide to specific recognition among the puzzling mutations a large series presents, are the form of the hinge-margin, the minute sculp- 1This interesting extract by Dr. Wm. H. Dall is taken from his review of the Tertiary Osireide in the Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of, Science, Vol. III, Part 1V, p. 675, 1898. As the original paper deals chiefly with ter- tiary forms, and is probably not accessible to many interested in recent oysters, we reprint it here. 92 THE NAUTILUS. ture of the superficial layer of the shell (often denuded in otherwise perfect fossils), and the sculpture of the valve-margins near the hinge and on each side of it. While not invariable in all specimens, these characters, taken together, will usually enable one to refer the indi- vidual to its proper place. The characteristics due to situs may be partially summarized as follows: When a specimen grows in still water, it tends to assume a more rounded or broader form, like a solitary tree compared with its relatives in a crowded grove. When it grows in a tideway or strong current, the valves become narrow and elongated, usually also quite straight. Specimens which have been removed from one situs to the other will immediately alter their mode of growth, so that these facts may be taken as established. When specimens are crowded together on a reef, the elongated form is necessitated by the struggle for ex- istence, but, instead of the shells being straight, they will be irreg- ular, and more or less compressed laterally. When the reef is dry at low stages of the tide, the lower shell tends to become deeper, probably from the need of retaining more water during the dry period. Such oysters are the so-called ‘‘raccoon oysters,” a name which they get from the visits of that animal at low water to feed upon them. The so-called “raccoon oysters” figured in Dr. C. A. White’s Review of the Ostreide (Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Survey, 1883, pl. 81-2) are not the reef oysters which first acquired this name, but deep-water specimens which had grown in a place where they were subjected to current action. When an oyster grows in clean water on a pebble or shell, which raises it slightly above the bottom level, the lower valve is usually deep and more or less sharply radially ribbed, acquiring thus a strength which is not needed when the attachment is to a perfectly flat surface which acts as a shield on that side of the shell. Perhaps for the same reason oysters which lie on a muddy bottom with only part of the valves above the surface of the ooze are less commonly ribbed. When the oyster grows to a twig, vertical mangrove root or stem of a gorgonian, it manifests a tendency to spread laterally near the hinge, to turn in such a way as to bring the distal margins of the valves uppermost, and the attached valve is usually rather deep, the cavity often extending under and beyond the hinge margin; while the same species on a flattish sur- face will spread out in oval form with little depth and no cavity un- der the hinge. THE NAUTILUS. 93 The average life of the ordinary O. virginica when “ planted” for sale is about four or five years. In prehistoric times, when the reefs were undisturbed, the favored individual might attain a much greater age; in which case the lower valve especially took on excessive thickness, and the cavity of the shell often became considerably elongated and somewhat hour-glass-shaped, as in O. contracta Conr., whose characters in typical specimens are distinctly senile, while younger specimens of the same species have the normal form. In the hinge of the oyster the resilium occupies the central ridge, while the ligament covers the edge of the depressions on each side of that ridge. The form and relative position of the muscular scar of the adductor is, within certain limits, a useful character, but its depression below the general interior surface of the valve or its occa- sional elevation above it, as in Plicatula, is of no systematic value, being merely a corollary of the rate of growth from the various secreting surfaces. The habit of rapid growth, causing a vesicular character of the shell substance, is more pronounced in some species than in others, and in some specimens of a species than in others ; it is rarely the case that this habit (as in O. percrassa Conr.) has attained a constancy entitling it to systematic significance. AN ATTEMPT TO DEFINE THE NATURAL GROUPS OF STROMBUS. BY GEO. HALCOTT CHADWICK. (Pterocera continued.) 1. Lip armed with closed spines, a. Within smooth, orange, (Heptadactylus. ) Pt. aurantia, lambis, bryonia. Distr.: Red Sea and Mauritius to Japan, Australia and Polynesia. b. Within wrinkled, violet, (Millipes. ) Pt. scorpio, pseudoscorpio, millipeda, elongata. Distr.: Zanzibar and Mauritius to Japan and New Guinea. 2. Lip deeply cut into numerous open lobes, within finely, deeply, regularly grooved. 94 THE NAUTILUS. Pt. violacea. Indian O., Zanzibar. The last species is certainly quite distinct, but the other two minor groups are of slight value, the apertural wrinkles being a dynamical feature incipient in dambis itself. Group F (Harpago.) Here the antesinual lobe gives rise to one of the great claws, a fea- ture unique among living Strombs, and sundering it widely from the previous group, from which Dr. Gill long ago divorced it. HT. chiragra, rugosa. Distr.: Zanzibar to Japan and Polynesia. The six groups previously considered agree in the strong and heavy shells, usually of large size, with spreading callus. Those which fol- low are usually rather small and of lighter structure, and have the inner lip restricted or defined. Grouper G (Gallinula). Shell usually light, elegant ; antesinual lobe diminished, lip ex- panded medially, descending rapidly from the suture with a broad sinuation ; posterior canal narrow, hugging the spire ; body somewhat flattened in front of the aperture, usually with four or five sagittate color bands; the early whorls with small varicose ribs at intervals. Contents as given by Tryon, with the probable addition of JS. pul- chellus, which is unknown to me autoptically. Distribution: Red Sea and Zanzibar to Japan and Polynesia. S. canartum, tsabella. Red Sea to Japan and Australia. The last two species, erroneously grouped with the American forms by Tryon, but correctly placed by Chenu and others, are aberrant in their heavier growth, obscure posterior canal and undefined inner lip. These differences, however, hardly seem to warrant the institution of a sub-group. Group H (Conomurex). Shell conozd, often distorted ; lip with margin rather straight and incurled, posterior sinus deep, anterior sinus distinct, oblique, remote from the canal; inner lip narrow, scarcely defined; color bands sagittate. S. luhuanus, mauritianus, fasciatus, gibberulus. Distribution: Red Sea and Natal to Japan and Polynesia. THE NAUTILUS. 95 Forms of fasciatus approach closely to the variety contformis of mauritianus, and the aperture of the former species is indifferently smooth or finely ridged. It, therefore, becomes necessary to enlarge the group. S. duwhwanus has the epidermis thickly lamellose, almost velvety. The sagittate bands are more numerous than in the pre- ceding group. Group J (Canarium). Shell small, but solid; posterior sinus absent, posterior canal a slight groove in the calloused angle at the suture ; anterior sinus very near the canal; aperture finely ridged ; lip margin with an external rib, but not expanded. S. ustulatus, dentatus, corrugatus and var. elegans, urceus (= flori- dus), hemastoma, hellii, scalariformis, maculatus. Distribution: Red Sea to Hawaii and Australia. In form and sculpture, S. elegans is very suggestive of Rimella, but the exaggerated canals of the latter genus sufficiently distinguish it. Sub-group J 2. Surface smooth or with low vertical folds, polished; lip sinus almost merged into the canal; body drawn out, narrowed. S. samar (bulbulus, terebellatus). Distr.: Japan to Australia and Polynesia. The last two species are not before me, but apparently they are allied to samar and indicate close affinity of this group with the fol- lowing. The accessory sinuses developed in samar must not be con- fused with the true lip-sinus. Group K (Seraphs). In this group, which need not be redefined, we find the culmina- tion of the features incipient in samar. ‘The lip-sinus is broad, basal and merged in the canal. The beautiful color-forms of the single protean living species of “ Zerebellum”’ inhabit the Indo-Pacific re- gion from Mauritius to Japan and the Fijis. ’ Groupe L (Rimella). Not studied. The living forms inhabit Chinese and Philippine waters. Group M (Rostellarta). Not studied. Red Sea to China and Moluccas. The groups above recognized are probably by no means all of equal 96 THE NAUTILUS. rank. Nevertheless, each appears to be clearly distinct from all the others, and no species occur which cannot be at once referred to one or another of them. Whether they may be recognized as genera is mainly a question of personal opinion, but it seems evident to me, as I have intimated in several places, that the extreme forms, such as Pterocera and Terebellum, to which the older authors have unan- imously given generic rank, are in nature more closely allied to the various types gathered into the old genus Strombus than the latter are to each other. One more relationship should be pointed out, namely, that apparently existing between groups G, H and J. It remains for the paleontologist and anatomist to verify or correct de- ductions based on the recent shells alone, and I await their final judgment. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES. Strombus goliath.—Ponderous and distorted specimens of gigas are sometimes mistaken for this species, probably because Tryon remarks: ‘‘nerhaps a variety of S. gigas.’ Not long since, I had the good fortune to find a very fine example of the true goliath lying unknown and unhonored in a collection once famous but forgotten. So com- pletely does it differ from all its cousins that none need ever mistake it. Through the munificence of Pres. Jesup, this king of Strombs is now enthroned at last in the American Museum, New York City. Strombus costatus inermis.—Mr. Frederick Stearns reports “ 1 live mature shell” of this species from the Loo Choo Islands. Can a form so commonly reported from the West Indies be also living in oe. tal waters? Or has an error crept in? Strombus corrugatus.—I have been led to separate this (above) from dentatus, and to consider elegans a variety of it, judging by the material at hand. A few other forms, usually considered varieties, are restored to specific rank, merely as an expression of personal opinion. Distribution: The Strombine occupy two great areas: An Ameri- can, centering in the West Indies and spreading to Senegal, Brazil, and West America; and an Oriental, apparently centering in the Philippines, reaching to Natal, the Red Sea, Japan, Hawaii and the South Seas, and sending a single species (granulatus) into American waters. Europe has no living forms, although rich in fossil ones. THE NAUTILUS. Syvon, XITT. JANUARY, 1900. ; No. 9. CHANGES WITH GROWTH OF LITHASIA OBOVATA (SAY). BY BRYANT WALKER. Having lately received from Mr. A. C. Billups, of Lawrenceburg, _Ind., a package of unsorted material from the Falls of the Ohio, I have been able to trace out the various stages in the growth of this “species, which are quite peculiar, and, I believe, have not been de- scribed. The difference in shape between the mature shell and the young is -yery striking. In the adult, the very large, almost shouldered body, - and long, narrow aperture, nearly twice as long as the short, rapidly acuminating and generally eroded spire, is characteristic of the species, and was well described by Say in his original description published in 1829; while the young shell, until it attains the sixth whorl, is almost spindle-shaped, and would be taken at first glance for a young Goniobasis; the spire is sharply conical, and longer than the aperture, which is broadly triangular, the long (columellar) side of the triangle being slightly concave. ‘The manner in which this remarkable change in shape is brought about is as follows: The first two whorls are smooth and well rounded, and the apex rather obtuse. At about the beginning of the third whorl, a sharp carina is developed on the periphery of the body whorl, which rapidly ‘increases in strength for the next four whorls. During this stage the 98 THE NAUTILUS. junction of the lip with the body whorl is beneath the carina, in some eases a short distance below, so that the carina is well marked on the upper whorls, but usually the lip starts from just under the edge of the carina, so that the side of the spire is almost straight, the edge of the carina projecting but very slightly, if at all, beyond the surface of the adjoining whorls; the aperture is decidedly triangular, both extremities being acutely angled, and the lip itself is sharply bent in the centre where the carina appears. At about the beginning of the fifth whorl, the lip ascends and crosses the carina, and from thence, until it finally disappears alto- gether, the carina emerges from the upper part of the aperture. This change in the relative position of the lip and carina induces a radical change, not only in the shape of the lip, but of the whole shell. The lip, in order to clear the carina, becomes broadly rounded above and curves in rapidly to meet the body whorl at almost a right angle, forming a deep channelled suture, while the body whorl becomes more ventricose, more or less shouJdered, and rapidly increases in size. For about a whorl after the change takes place, the carina retains its size and position, but after the sixth whorl is reached it gradually diminishes and finally disappears entirely, although the body whorl at all subsequent stages of growth is more or less flattened in its upper part. ‘ With the disappearance of the carina, the shell rapidly assumes its mature form and, with the usual erosion of the apical whorls, becomes the short, stout, heavy specimen customarily seen in collections. NOTE ON THYSANOPHORA HORNII GABB. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. My attention has been called by Mr. Geo. H. Clapp, of Pittsburg, to the fact that some specimens of 7hys. hornit show very fine deli- cate cuticular riblets, more or less uneven at their free edges, and running much more obliquely than the growth-lines, on the surface of the last whorl.’ This is usually obscured by the thin coat of earth which encrusts the shell, and which it is evidently the function of 1This structure has been lucidly described by Dall, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. xix, 1896, p. 336. THE NAUTILUS. 99 these riblets to collect. Only a good lens reveals this sculpture, and in specimens which have been collected dead, or cleaned by ordinary methods, it is usually Jost. Still, a sufficiently patient examination will generally show some trace of it somewhere on most specimens. Thys. conspurcatella, of eastern Mexico, the type of the genus, has similar cuticular riblets, but they are more widely spaced and rather more persistent. In young and half-grown shells, if perfectly preserved, the riblets bear rather sparsely scattered and long hairs, very delicate and easily rubbed off. I do not know that adults ever retain them ; though in several Mexican species such hairs occur on the full-grown shell, and many West Indian species bear close bristles. The foregoing observations are based upon the entire series of specimens in the collection of Mr. E. H. Ashmun, which he most liberally sent me for examination, and those in the collection of the Academy, including Gabb’s types. The pubiished figures and descriptions of this species leave much to be desired. Gabb gives quite a good description, though none of his specimens show 44 whorls, as he states. The dimensions, “height .09, greatest diam. .16, smallest diam. .13 inch” = 24, 4, 81 mm., are in a rough way accurate. The figures are bad. Binney’s figures (Man. Amer. L. Sh., p. 169, fig. 159) are too narrowly umbilicated, the spire is too conic, and the terminations of the lip do not approach enough. Moreover, they do not indicate the surface-sculpture. ‘The whorls are described as “ scarcely convex ”’ whereas they are unusually so; the ends of the peristome are said to 99 be “hardly approaching” while they actually converge so as to nearly meet in adult shells. The dimensions, ‘‘ greater diam. 4, les- ser 34, height 1 mm.” are erroneous, the largest in Gabb’s type lot measuring 4 mm. in greatest, 3.5 in least diameter, with a height of 2.6 mm. An adult specimen from Jerome, Arizona, collected by Mr. Ashmun, measures: diam. 3.5, alt. 2.3 mm. Gabb’s types were from ‘“‘ Fort Grant, at the junction of the Ari- vapa and San Pedro rivers,” in Graham Co., southeastern Arizona. Mr. Ashmun has collected specimens in the following localities: Jerome, Patagonia Mts., Crittenden, Prescott and Nogales, Arizona, and Cook’s, New Mexico. The International Boundary Commis- sion collected hornzi at the summit of Hachita Grande Mt., Grant Co., N. M., and Dall mentions seeing the species from the drift of the Yaqui River, Mexico. No other localities are known for the species. 100 THE NAUTILUS. A NEW SPECIES OF CAPULUS FROM CALIFORNIA. BY W. Ho DALL. Mrs. T. S. Oldroyd, of Los Angeles, Cal., recently sent me a species of Capulus which appears to be new, and which adds to the fauna of California a genus not hitherto known to belong to it. Capulus californicus 1. sp. Shell only moderately elevated, oval or more or less conformable with the object upon which it roosts, the apex small, somewhat later- ally compressed, incurved almost symmetrically, nearly concealing the smooth, one-whorled nucleus, situated near the posterior margin ; surface nearly smooth, somewhat irregular, mesially with small faint radial not very close-set ridges, covered with an imbricated dense soft glistening periostracum which projects beyond the margins ; in- terior polished, white, with faint rosy rays extending from the apex to the anterior margin; Alt. 10, lon. before the apex 50, behind it 5.0, total basal length 86.5, average width 29 mm. This fine shell was found on the flat valve of Pecten diegensis Dall (floridus Hinds non Gmelin), in 20 to 25 fathoms off San Pedro, California. Carpenter reported some fragments of Capulus from Mazatlan, but these were not really sufficient to establish the presence of the genus. The present species is related to O. calyptra Martyn, of Japan, and C. hungaricus of the northeast Atlantic. It is less elevated than either, the sculpture is much fainter than in CQ, hungaricus and the apex is less conspicuous, more posterior and less coiled. I have several times received a small shell collected among kelp roots and variously mottled or tinted with purple or reddish-brown and yellow. A very young specimen of this kind was described by Carpenter under the name of Psephts tellimyalis. It is not a Psephis but has the characters of Petricola. J have suspected for a long time it was the young of P. carditoides, but have not yet seen enough material to make this certain, and therefore suggest that Pacific coast students should endeavor to solve the problem. MOLLUSCA ASSOCIATED WITH MASTODON REMAINS. I have received from Dr. Arthur Mead Edwards, the well-known microscopist of Newark, N. J., certain Molluscan forms for deter- PEAT Oe tat. THE NAUTILUS. 101 mination. It will be noticed, they are all common fresh-water species. The first lot includes Planorbis parcus, P. campanulatus, Limnea humilis, Physa heterostropha, Valvata carinata and V. sin- cera; all of the above Say’s species. The foregoing are from the ‘fossiliferous sands overlying the clays of Essex county,’ Ontario, Canada (‘Pleistocene’), and are associated with Mastodon remains. They were collected in 1897 by Dr. Henry M. Ami, of the Can- adian Geological Survey, and sent to Dr. Edwards by the collector, presumably with microscopic material. In the second lot, there is only the single species Planorbis parvus Say; this was found associated with Mastodon remains at Newburgh, N. Y., by F. W. Schaffer (in 1899), who sent the examples to Dr. Edwards. Of the species named herein, P. parvus and L. humilis exhibit a wide distribution in the past as well as in the present times. Both of these are reported as occurring living, and fossil, in the Lahontan and Bonneville areas of the Great Basin ; P. heterostropha, living in both, but semi-fossil only in Bonneville. V. s¢ncera credited to Salt Lake, living, by its collector Henry Hemphill, is represented as a semi-fossil in the Bonneville area by Call’s var. Utahensis. The occurrence of living examples in either of the areas mentioned, is not noted in Call’s list of Great Basin mollusea.t!’ While LZ. hum- lis is everywhere, east and west, north, and pretty widely dispersed towards the south, P. campanulatus has a much more restricted range and has yet to be reported west of the Rocky Mountains. _ IJ have to thank Mr. C. W. Johnson of the Wagner Free Institute for kind attention connected with the above. Rost. E. C. STEARNS. Los Angeles, Cal., October, 1899. DREDGING IN SAN DIEGO BAY. BY F. W. KELSEY. The use of the dredge has afforded me a great deal of pleasure, while furnishing me with a goodly amount of wholesome physical exercise so much needed by those following sedentary occupations, and the specimens thus obtained add largely to my local collection. While working in the bay I use a dredge cutting but 14 inches, 1 Bulletin No. 11., U.S. Geographical Survey. 102 THE NAUTILUS. operated from a roomy, flat-bottomed skiff propelled by oars, and I do most of my work alone, during the early morning hours while the water is quiet. The dredgings are carefully worked over while rest- ing between ‘* pulls,” and when I am ready to return home the re- sults of my day’s work are, so to speak, ‘all in a nutshell.” In from 2 to 5 fathoms on mud bottom I find Marginella pyrifor- mis, Marginella regularis, Myurella simplex, Drillia hemphilli, Eulima micans, Hulima rutila, Thracia curta, Mactra californica (young), Ollivella boetica, Angulus modestus, Angulus variegatus, Angulus ob- tusus, Dentalium neohexagonum, Lyonsia californica, Mangelia angu- lata and Cadulus nitentior. As we go toward the channel the depth increases and the bottom is a mixture of sand and mud. Here in from 5 to 8 fathoms we find Yoldia coopert (young) and Leda taphira. The channel proper ranges from 8 to 14 fathoms and the bottom generally consists of coarse, yellow sand and decomposed and broken shells, among which we find both live and dead specimens of Semele pulchra, Oorbula luteola, Isapis fenestrata, Isapis obtusa, Caecum cali- fornicum, Caecum crebricostatum, Scala hindsii and Aesopus chrys- allovdeus. | | Scattered among the above species, we find many stray specimens of such shells as Massa perpinguis, Nassa coopert, Nassa mendica, Nassa tegula, Calliostoma tricolor, Calliostoma gemmulatum, Callios- toma canaliculatum, and many other species which are generally found upon the low flats at low tides and which are scarcely worth mention- ing as dredge species. I find that for dredging in shallow waters a dredge made of galvanized iron without any net but having a screen bottom produces as good results as any, and is much more easily manipulated. A LIST OF SHELLS FROM NORTHEASTERN MAINE. BY OLOF 0. NYLANDER, CARIBOU, MAINE, The following is a list of land and fresh water shells collected in the northeastern part of Maine, principally along the Aroostook and Fish Rivers. Valuable assistance has been received from Prof. H. A. Pilsbry and Mr. Bryant Walker. All the Pisidia, and nearly all the minute land shells have been THE NAUTILUS. 108 critically examined by Dr. V. Sterki, without whose generous assist- ance it would have been impossible to determine the many small species. There is some additional material in the hands of Dr. Sterki, which when straightened out will probably add a number to the list. Most of the species are distributed over the whole area, and the names of localities are only cited in referring to species that are very local in their distribution. In this list are included a number of species that have been cited as doubtful in Maine, and the new species recently collected by me. List OF SPECIES. Acanthinula hurpa Say. One specimen at Fort Kent. Vallonia pulchella Mill. Gardens in Caribou and Presque Isle. Vallonia excentrica Sterki. Rare, Caribou. Polygyra albolabris Say. Not common, Polygyra Sagit Binn. Well distributed. Polygyra dentifera Binn, Rather common. Polygyra monodon Rackett. Common in some localities. Strobilops labyrinthica Say. Plentiful in this region. Strobilops virgo Pils. Rare (identified by Dr. V. Sterki). Bifidaria pentodon Say. ‘ Resemble ecurvidens more than any others I have seen ”’ (Sterki). Near Caribou stream, Woodland. Vertigo ventricosa Morse. Plentiful in some localities. Vertigo ventricosa elatior Sterki. Common along streams, in Woodland, Caribou and New Sweden. Vertigo bollesitana Morse. Rare; collected in woodland. Vertigo Gouldii Binn. Not very abundant. Vertigo Gouldii paradoxa Sterki. “ Fine examples with the two palatal folds continuous and one angular” ( Sterk?). Woodland, rare. Cochicopa lubrica Mill. Houlton, Presque Isle, Caribou, Fort Kent and Portage Lake, abundant in these localities. Vitrina limpida Gld. Caribou and Presque Isle, found in large numbers this summer at Fort Kent. Vitrea hammonis Strom. Fairly distributed. Vitrea Binneyana Morse. Little Madawaska Lake and along Caribou stream in Woodland and Caribou. Vitrea ferrea Morse. In company with V. Binneyana. These species are rarely found. OConulus fulvus Mull. Everywhere. 104 THE NAUTILUS. Zonitoides arboreus Say. Common everywhere. Zonitoides exiguus Stimp. Fairly common. Zonitoides milium Morse. Quite rare. Woodland. Pyramidula alternata Say. Common. Pyramidula alternata alba. One living specimen obtained in the north of Woodland. Pyramidula striatella Anth. Plentiful. Pyramidula striatella? var. Shell greenish-white, animal nearly white. Can this be Patula cronkhited Newe.? 1tis about the same size as P. striatella. Pyramidula asteriscus Morse. Caribou, Woodland and Madawaska Lake. Rare. Flelicodiscus lineatus Say. Widely distributed, nowhere abundant. Punctum pygmeum Drap. Rare. Sphyradium edentulum Drap. Well-distributed. Succinea obliqua Say. Common everywhere. Succinea ovalis Gld. Succinea avara Say. Common in wet places on lake shores and river fiats, together with S. ovals. Carychium exiguum Say. Very abundant in wet places every- where. Carychium exile Lea. Not common; found with C. extguum. Aplexa hypnorum Linne. In ditches along the roads in three dif- ferent places in Woodland; specimens abundant. Physa heterostropha Say. Common in all streams. Physa ancillaria Say. Only seen at Square Lake Inlet. _ Lenmea emarginata Say = ampla Mighels and Limnea emarginata Mighels, Binn. From Cross Lake, Square Lake, Portage Lake, Fish River, Saint John River, at Fort Kent and Aroostook River. This is an extremely variable species, Caribou individuals differ greatly in every locality. : Limnea desidiosa Say. Aroostook River, Caribou stream, Salmon Brook. Limnea humilis Say. Common in damp places and ditches along the roads. Planorbis trivolvis Say. Common in Barren Brook, Caribou. In Caribou Lake, Washburn, and in nearly every small lake I have seen in Aroostook county, fine specimens can be obtained. Planorbis campanulatus Say. Cross Lake, Square Lake, Eagle Lake and Portage Lake. £5 Capea tiie ok oles BD ROPE Ne A i bi os THE NAUTILUS. 105 Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Aroostook River, Fish River and Saint John River. Planorbis bicarinatus aroostookensis Pils. Kast branch of Salmon Brook, Woodland, and Caribou stream, in Caribou. Planorbis hirsutus Glad. Common and widely distributed. Planorbis deflectus Say. Salmon Brook Woodland, rare ; Portage Lake. Planorbis parvus Say. Common in brooks and lakes. Planorbis exacutus Say. Portage and Square Lakes ; rare. Planorbis crista Linné, var. cristata Drap. Barren Brook, Cari- bou. This species was recorded in Tur Nauvritus, Vol. X, page 117, by Mr. Bryant Walker as P. nautileus Linne.: Mr. A. W. Hanham, on page 130, and Geo. W. Taylor, on page 139 of the same volume use ee name of P. nautileus. Dr. v. Sterki and Prof. H. A. Pilsbry say “it is Planorbis erista Linné, var. eristatus Drap. It occurs in ate Europe.” Ancylus rivularis Say. Caribou stream, Collin’s Millpond, very large specimens. Ancylus parallelus Hald. Cross Lake and many smaller lakes and streams. Ancylus ? Madawaska River, New Sweden. Ancylus tardus Say. Aroostook River, Caribou. Ancylus borealis ? Morse. Saint John River, Fort Kent. Mr. Bryant Walker says it is identical with this rare form. Valvata tricarinatu Say. Little Madawaska River, New Sweden and the Fish River Lakes. Valvata sincera Say. Dredged in the Fish River Lakes. Campeloma decisum Say. Widely distributed throughout Aroostook and Fish Rivers. Four young sinistral shells were taken from a nor- mal dextral female from Portage Lake. Amnicola limosa Say. Common everywhere, and very variable in form. In my former article ‘in THE peter us: Woks serps 10, at is called Pomatiopsis. A. Cinctnnatiens’s Lea. Unio complanatus Sol. Lakes and streams ; common. Margaritana margaritifera Linné, Aroostook River. Margaritana undulata Say. Lakes and rivers. Anodonta fragilis Lam. Generally distributed, some very large specimens in the muddy bottom of Salmon Brook Lake. Perham. 106 THE NAUTILUS. Spherium simile Say. Generally distributed. Spherium striatinum Lam. Fish River and Saint John River at Fort Kent, Spherium rhomboideum Say, Fine specimen in Gelot Lake, New Sweden, and all the smaller lakes of the Little Madawoska river system. Calyculina securis Prime. Aroostook River. Calyculina securis cardissa Prime. Square Lake and other localities. Pisidium abditium Hald. Common. | Pisidium adamsi Prime. Cross Lake Inlet. Pisidium equilaterale Prime. Portage Lake. Little Madawaska River. Pisidium contortum Prime. Rear Mud Lake, Perham and West- moreland. Pisidium compressum Prime. Generally abundant. Pisidium ferrugineum Prime. Fogelin Lake, New Sweden and many other localities. Pisidium fallax Sterki. Aroostook River. Pisidium fallax boreale Sterki. Aroostook River at Caribou and Little Madawaska River, New Sweden. Pisidium milium Held. South branch Caribou Stream, Woodland and Sawyer’s Brook, Castle Hill. Pisidium medianum minutum Sterki. Hacket’s Mill Brook, a tributary of Caribou Stream in the northern part of Woodland. Pisidium pauperculum Sterki. Little Madawaska River. Pisidium pauperculum nylanderi Sterki. Dredged in Portage Lake. Pisidium politum Sterki. Portage Lake and Cross Lake. Pisidium punctatum Sterki. Portage Lake, Little Madawaska River. Pisidium ropert Sterki. Johnson Brook on the Fort Kent road and north of Perham. Pisidium splendidulum Sterki. Barren Brook, Caribou and many other localities. Pisidium ventricosum Prime. Barren Brook, Caribou. Pisidium variabile Prime. Common everywhere. Pisidium walkert Sterki. Barren Brook, Caribou. Pisidium walkeri mainense Sterki. Hacket’s Mill Brook, Wood- land and many other localities. THE NAUTILUS. 107 SOME ZONITIDH COLLECTED BY J. H. FERRISS IN ARKANSAS AND THE CHOCTAW NATION, BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Some account of shells collected by Mr. J. H. Ferriss in Arkansas and Choctaw Nation was published in Tue Nautitus for August of this year. > . \ h F * ' * way - * \, ? j “ ‘ ; + a i . ee y ’ u me A I 7 ‘9 2 Pu Bat ees thik ee INDEX TO Pow NAUTILUS, VOL. XIV. INDEX TO ARTICLES AND SPECIES DESCRIBED. Alasmodonta marginata Say and A. truncata Wright . . 143 Alexia myosotis marylandica Pils.,n. var. . : ; a ae Amnicola letsoni Walker, n. sp. 113 Argyrotheca Dall. new name for Cistella Gray 1853, Pak of Gistel 1848 : : . 44 Ariolimax steindachneri ier, a new Pirncrican ales a | Ashmunella SO) aah ites on (rufescens and _ alba, n. var.) : : , : 12 Asiatic shells. new Ponies of : : : 49, 83 Atrina oldroydii Dall.,n.sp. . ; : . 148 Bathysciadium conicum Dautz . : : 48, 60 Bifidaria holzingeri Sterki in New Aioaieo nS, Bifidaria hordeacella from Cape May, N. J. ; es Ue Bonnanius Jouss. ‘ : BeOS Browne, Francis C. . . 1382 Buliminus callistoderma Pils., n. sp. . ; -t33 Buliminus callistoderma var. opaaseane Pils. meevare-- alas Buliminus eucharistus Pils., n. sp. F : 128 Buliminus extorris var. omiensis Pils.,n. var. . 27! Buliminus hirasei Pils.,n. sp. . . : MNASe Buliminus luchuanus Pils, Nn. Sp. Bhs pa Buliminus (Petroeus) iste y nite Ancey, a new Asiatic Species”; 2 >. : By Ae 8) Bulimulus (Drymeeus) et atu: Maleon, n. Sp. (Coste Rica) 87 California, exotic mollusks in ; ei ig Cape May, N. J., land shells of . ere: ; a iin (iii ) lV THE NAUTILUS. Cerion stevensoni Dall.,n. sp. (Bahamas) . ae. OD Cheilea Modeer 1793 in place of Mitrularia Schum, 1817 . 45 Circinaria hemphilli in California .. a Cistella Gray 1853 not Gistel 1848.—Argyrotheca Datl, eee 344 Clausilia euholostoma Pils., n. sp. : . ye ALS Clausilia hiraseana Pils., n. sp. ; weber Clausilia harimensis Pils. one sp. 1 Ds . sos Clausilia hokkaidoensis Pils. sys be ; : ; ae aye) Clausilia iotaptyx var. clava Pils.,n. var. . ; . 108 Clausilia japonica var. interplicata Pils., n. var. . 108 Clausilia perpallida Pils.,n. sp. . . 108 Conus consors Sowb. . ; f PUB Cyclotus (?) micron Pils.,n. sp. ; ; hd Diplommatina uzenensis Pils, ) Dh: Sawa eye, Epiphragmophora fidelis in conten Calitacnia ; , 144 Epiphragmophora traski, aestivation of, . 13 Euconulus Reinhardt for Conulus Fitz, 1833 mee of Raf, 1814 ; ‘ , : : » seis tie Kuconulus reinhardti Palen 1. Sp eT ae v2 06k EKuhadra (?) recnblocaniny laa Ancey, n. sp. ; SD Kulota (Euhadra) caliginosa (Ad. and Rve.) , eel EKulota callizona dixoni Pils., n. var. , ; , 7 OD EKulota callizona maritima G@ulice and Pilsbry, n. var. one: Eulota (Plectotropis) elegantissima var. cara Pils., n. var. . 107 Eulota gainesi Pils., n. sp. . : : : ; 60 Eulota gudeana Pils., n. sp. . , iit EKulota gudeana hakodatensis Pils., n. n. for Helix laeta Gould, pre-occupied : . 60 Kulota Ween Pils. sasp-, i it Hak Kulota (eicatoraph) inornata Pils., n. sp. . 129 Julota (Plectotropis) kiusiuensis Pils., Ns SDig as ; Prthi e: Kulota luhuana idzumonis Pilsbry and Gulick, n. var. Wi8R Kulota luhuana aomoriensis Gulick and Pilsbry,n. var. . 89 Kulota (Aegista) martensiana Pils., n. sp. . . 129 Kulota mesogonia Pils..n. sp... gaan jigs al Kulota (Euhadra) mercatoria (Gray, Pfr. te ; 91 BO Kulota mercatoria atrata Pilsbry and Gulick, n. var. . 7B Euryta A. Adams 1858 not of Gistel 1848.—Mazatlania Dall. ; demu: : f eee . 44 a sill THE NAUTILUS. Vv Hurytus conturesi 2 he A new land shell from South America , ; , . 42 Ganesella jacobii Bile: Bidn, 4.7 ae Ganesella myomphala var. omulislndse Pils., n. var.."'. , Bas Ganesella wiegmanniana Pils., n. sp... POERG Gastranella tumida Verr. at W oods Holl, Mags, . 93 Gastranella tumida Verr., the young of Petricola dacty isan . 106 Gastrodonta intertexta Ciidbin Pils., n. var. (Florida) . 40 Gastrodonta walkeri Pils. . d ; : . 52 General Notes. : Paap, #7, 60,71, 98, 118,180 Glandina (Varicella) deflorescens Vendryes nia, Bs . 134 Glandina iberingi Pils.,n. sp. ,: ; od Glandina (Varicella) taylori Viauaien. Bene .! 133 Glomus Jeffreys 1876 not of Gistel 1848. Pricwalaina Dall. 44 Glyptostoma newberrvanum W. G. B. Saag : meee Great raft, an hour on the . ; ENT Great Smoky Mountains, Collecting in mabe) eS at us Helicina hakodadiensis Hartman , : : nb28 Helicina reinii var. uzenensis Pils., n. var. . . 128 Helicina osumiensis Pils., n. sp. ; 127 Helicina sundana fenbey. 1 a for H. exserta aniebe net of Gundlach . : : : ; ; , . 84 Helicina verecunda Gould . : : ALP ELS Helicodiscus eigenmanni Pils., n. sp. (Texas) . 41 Helix albolabris, Growth of : : saat, S Helix feralis Hemphill, n. sp. (sub- al fies. 2 - P2) Helix kelletti Fbs. : (RSG Helix hortensis in Nee toandiand . ceemiy Helix sodalis Hemphill, n. sp. (sub-fossil) ae 3 mwi22 Helix tryoni major Hemphill, n. var. (sub-fossil) figs. . 128 Helix tryoni maculata Hemphill, n. var. (sub-fossil) figs. . 123 Helix tryoni minor Hemphill, n. var. (sub-fossii) figs. . 128 Holospira minima Martens, for H. pfeiffer var. minor Mart., preoccupied. KVP ES Japanese Mollusks, Matices of some new a 32, Dos To) 8 Senor, 115, 127 Kaliella fraterna Pils., n. sp. : UH Kaliella symmetrica Pils., n. sp. MSO Kennebunkport, Maine, nd Mallgees 1 a eN63 vi THE NAUTILUS. Kentucky, Mollusca of southern. ae 4) Lampsilis simpsoni Ferris, n. sp. (ieeamianes 2-388 Land shells from rejactamenta of the Rio Grande at Mesiilal N. Mex. and of Gallinas R. at Las Vegas, N. Mex. . aaa Lasea rubra Montg. and L. bermudensis Bush, the same Species. ' : : ‘ : . 106 Las Vegas, N. Mee Shells of , . AT Lima hamlini. Dall, n. sp. (cretaceous, see page 36) ; nae aD Limicolaria oviformis Ancey, A new Asiatic species . ee Limneea mighelsi W. G. Binn. Note on the habits of ea, Limpet, Note on a new abyssal . ; : : 48, 60 Los Angeles, Cal., Age of deposit Taidleriaing ; 36 Mazatlania Dall, praposed for Euryta A. Adams 1858 rue of Gistel 1848 5 ; . 44 Mitrularia Schum, 1817 = GHellee Medeer: 1798 5 . 45 Mollasks in grass : : : 93 Murex petra Dall. A new Murex from California —. me af Naiades, « review of Simpson’s Synopsis. ; p40 Names which must be discarded (Dall.) ; Poe New Mexican snails, new records of . : : : 82, 85 Odostomia, variation in ee Omphalina levigata latior Pils., n. var. mere 6 Omphalina levigata perlaevis Pila., n. var. . 5G Pecten (Lyropecten) dilleri Dall, n. sp. (fossil) . age Phenacolepas, catalogue of species of the genus . et Philomycus secretus Cockerell, n. sp. . , . 09 Phyllaphysia, a genus new to the Pacific Gag : : OF Phyllaphysia taylori Dall., n. sp. ; Ree Physe of Northeastern Illinois, a revision of the Meet Physa ancillaria var. fadgrialnoustten Walker, n. var. . A949 Physa ancillaria var. crassa Walker, n. var. . 98 Physa gyrina Say 3 f : : Saunas Physa gyrina elliptica Lea . A ee Physa heterostropha Say . ; aa Physa integra Hald. . NDS Physa moussoni Ancey,n. sp. . or: Physa sayii Tappan ; ‘is Pinna from California,a new . . 148 Pisidia, some general notes on. ; - . 5,6 THE NAUTILUS. vil Pisidium imbecille Sterki, n. sp. . , ; nD Pisidium monas Sterki, n. sp. , . 100 Pisidium peraltum Sterki, n. sp. . ; ee. Pisidium streatori Sterki, n. sp. . : . . 100 Pisidium tenuissimum Sterki, n. sp. . : ’ Oe Planorbis corpulentus Say, supplementary note on. ds Planorbis persicus Ancey, n. sp. : : : . 84 Planorbis umbilicatellus Cockerell, in New ee ; ee 4, Pleurobranchus californicus Dall.,n. sp. . HERZ Polygyra albolabris alleni . i : ; : 27, 28 Polygyra andrewse altivaga Pils. ae Polygyra andrewse normalis Pils. . : ; . o4 Polygyra binneyana . ; . 26, 27, 28 Polygyra edwardsi Peenifamose Pils. : ne 3) Polygyra ferrissi , ; : : . 50, 51, 53 Polygyra hirsuta pilula Pils. j ; a, tale Polygyra pilsbryi Ferriss, n. sp., in needs of ; Ai Wao Polygyra stenotrema mithout alip-notch . ; , 135 Pomatiopsis hirasei Pils., n. sp. ; oy hae Pristogloma Dall. fe sposed for Gahus Aearey ai 1876, not of Gistel 1848 . : 4 : ; ae Publications received . : . B4, 45, 94, 104, 119, 130 Punctum blandianum Pils. . : cy OS Punctum japonicum Pils., n. sp. ; ; 82 Pyramidula elrodi Pils.,n. sp. . ‘ . 40 Quintard, J.B. . , : gy NEAR Rochester, N. Y., shell plleoue near sieod fe tomins of ihe West Coast, notes on the eceachctian of the . ; ; | Shell patie fing-.c on gia Mesquite Const : SiGe Shells of the marl-deposits of Aroostook county, Mesh! » 102 Sistrum nicocheanum Pils., n. sp. Vie Spherium crassum Sterki, n. sp. , ; . Abs Spherium walkeri Sterki, n. sp. : . 1 Spiraculum assamense Hertel n. bap. ( eat) et of Subemarginula yatesi Dall, a new species from euittocnin S425 Succinea campestris vagans Pils.,n. var. . , : s AA To a slug (in alcohol). : ; 21a Trishoplita cretacea var. bipartita Pils. pie VEE! © ; 4s AO7 Vill THE NAUTILUS.’ Trishoplita goodwini var. kyotoensis Pils.,n. var. ©. . 90 Trishoplita goodwini var. suprazonata Pils., Ay Varnes See Trishoplita smithiana Pils., n. sp. é : ¥ S Sls Trivia paucilirata Sowb. . . ne . 144 Truncatella clathrus Lowe at Key West, Fla; | : “Led Unionide of Indiana (Review of Dr. Call’s work) : Soo Vallonia pulchellag. io." > 130 Vallonia pulchella, in Los Angeles and elsewhere in Cali- fornia, etc. ; ; 7 ' 1 00 Vertigo hirasei Pils., n. sp. pas . 128 Vitrea petrophila pentadelphia Pils. : : pale Vitrea rhoadsi Pils., Note on .. ' : ANE Vitrinizonites latissimus uvidermis Pils. ; £4107 West Coast conchologists, to. ; cab West Coast conchology, a contribution to : . 109s 12d INDEX TO AUTHORS. Ancey, G2. eee is pean: : 42, 83 Baker, Frank C. . ae Te, 99,99 Bruenn, H: H.: . . : a Button, Fred L. . ; ae mai. Clapp, Geo. H. aay 63, 72, 130 Cockerell, T. D ‘A. 2, Boy 59, 72, 85 Dall, Wm. H. ; ‘15, oT, ‘44, 48, GD polis dee 117, 125, 143 Ferriss. A es & Chae 25, 38, 49 Binck, War Ho =. ; : : eee Frierson, Lorrain 8S. . ; Seg Fulton, Hugh . Bo ae ; ; ft OF Gifford, Edw. W. ; : ; i ; : ; . 144 Hemphill, Henry . 109, 121 Keep, Josiah ; cee . 3 OS Morrell, Jennie M. Ee ; «PS eee 9 Nylander, Olof O. : { 101 Pilsbry, Henry A. 3, 4, 11, 32, 40, aid) ais 13, 79, 82, 85, 88, Lis 115, 197, 132 Price, Sadie F. .. : Ee as Pe ‘yi ae Stearns, R. H. C. 1, 65 Sherkisy Vane : ; ; ; 5, 99, 139 Vendryes. Henry , : ee . 138 Walker, Bryant ; . 8,33, 9iyauie Wheeler, Chas. Le Roy : ; : ; . 86, 148 Williamson, Mrs. M. Burton en Nite ; : es Winkley, Henry W. jk A Ras USP ae6 THE NAUTILUS. Von. XIV. MAY, 1900. Wo. 1. NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF AND CERTAIN CHARACTERS IN THE SAXIDOMI OF THE WEST COAST. BY ROBT. E. C. STEARNS. Four species of Saxidomus have been described from the West coast of North America and one from Japan. On the American shores its distribution extends from the Gulf of Alaska to San Diego, a range of about 2500 miles. It is remarkably prolific, being found in great abundance in the waters of Puget Sound and in many places between the points above named. The foregoing applies particularly to the two species S. aratus Gould (= 8S. gracilis Gld.), and S. Nuttalhi Conrad. The other forms, S. squalidus Desh., and S. brevisiphonatus Cpr., may prove to be only varietal. With our present knowledge, the latter appear to be quite local, or of infrequent occurrence, apparently restricted to Vancouver Island and the shores around the Strait of Juan de Fuca, though Carpenter credits sqgualidus to Oregon and the neighborhood of San Francisco bay, S. Nuttallit appears to be more generally distributed and more abundant throughout the region named than S. aratus, though in one instance as many as a hundred bushels of the latter were included in a single consignment in 1867 to a San Francisco commission merchant. Notwithstanding its superior qual- ity from an edible point of view, there was no sale for them; it was not a familiar form and the greater part was dumped into the bay. 2 THE NAUTILUS. These were obtained from some point on the shore of Sor.oma county in the neighborhood of Bodega, the exact locality unknown. The Indians, Wintuns and Pomos, who formerly inhabited the general region bordering this part of the coast, collected and dried great quantities of the meats of this species, which formed an im- portant part of their food supply, and they also made their disk- shaped beads and money, hawock, out of the shells. Harford’s' Alaska collection contained examples of S. Nuttallit, from Kodiak Island, Sitka, Carter’s Bay, and Port Simpson. Dall’s voluminous Alaskan notes when published will, probably, show that it is generally distributed throughout the Alaskan region. At San Pedro in the south, it occurs in gravelly mud and sand, associated with Zapes laciniata, a sharply sculptured species belonging to a genus that like Saxtdomus is without a representative on the At- lantic coast. S. Nuttallii is ordinarily a much coarser sculptured shell than S. aratus, and as would be inferred when its wide distri- bution and great abundance are considered, varies greatly in propor- tion of length to breadth and both of these to thickness. The sculp- ture varies according to the local character of the ground it inhabits. There are other features worthy of notice; among these the hinge cartilage, ete., and the adductors, the mechanism by which the valves are opened and closed, which is exceedingly conspicuous in Sexido- mus as compared with Zivela crassatelloides, as will be s en at a glance when individuals of the two forms, of the same size, are placed side by side. Following Dall’s analysis of the so-called cartilage,? which he says ‘is not a cartilage, and which is frequently spoken of as ‘ligament,’ or ‘internal ligament,’ [there is] a great need of a distinctive name, and I propose that of ‘ resilium,’ which clearly indicates its function ;”’ the term ligament being used for the upper or external portion or member, which operates by pulling, while the resilium or inner portion may be said to operate by causing a rebound when pressed, so resisting the closing of the valves when they are open; thus these two parts or members act reciprocally, each assisting in its special way in opening the valves. The function of the adductor 1 Shells collected by the U.S. Coast Survey Expedition to Alaska in the year 1867; Proce. Cal. Acad., Dec. 2, 1867. *Trans. Wagner Free Instltute of Science, Vol, 3, Part JIT, March, 1895. THE NAUTILUS. 8 muscles is, on the contrary, that of closing the valves, and the position of these as related to the position of the compound ligament facilitates exactness in the inter-locking of the binge teeth. ‘Now these organs or devices for opening and closing the shells are of exceeding promi- nence in S. Nuttallii, and the opportunity for examining a fine series has recently been afforded me, by the gift of a large number for culi- nary purposes,’ by Mr. and Mrs. Oldroyd. The adductors are exceedingly large for shells of the size and weight, and the ligament being in proportionate size to these muscles, makes this form particularly desirable for the study of these charac- ters. When alive and gaping, the least disturbance will be followed by an energetic closing of the shell, with a snap so vigorous as to cause a chipping or fracture of the vertical edges of the valves. The streneth and tenacity of the grip, when the powerful adductors are brought into action, may be easily proven by the insertion of the finger-tips into a partially open shell. The texture or substance of the shells in the Saxidomi is less com- pact or solid than in Z%vela crassatelloides, and the comparative weight of examples of the same dimensions is as 10 to 13; while the mass of the adductors and ligaments are fully twice as large in Saxi- domus as in Tivela, examples of the same size being compared. The differences exhibited by these forms, both belonging to the Venerida, indicate differences in habits and environmental conditions, and no doubt others not readily perceived. A NEW SPECIES OF SISTRUM. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Sistrum nicocheanum, n. sp. Shell imperforate or rimate, fusiform, thick and strong, brownish flesh-colored, the spiral lire brown. Sculpture of strong, rounded, longitudinal waves equal to their intervals, 8 or 7 in number on the last whorl; these waves crossed by rather strong spiral cords, which widen into transversely oblong low tubercles upon the summits of the waves. Between these cords there are several spiral threads in most or all of the intervals. Whorls about 54, convex, the last one with concave outlines below, -prodnced in a rather long anterior 'This “clam” makes an exceedingly delicious soup or broth. 4 THE NAUTILUS. canal. Aperture oval, flesh-colored within; peristome thick or beveled, armed with six subequal teeth within; columellar margin angular at the origin of the anterior canal, bearing a single small transverse fold above the angle; canal rather straight and long for this genus. Length 214, diam. 11, length of aperture and canal 12 mm. Nicochea, Argentina, Dr. H. von Ihering. Types no. 72640 coll. Ay Nid. -P, This species is no. 877 of Dr. von Ihering’s register. It has much the general appearance of Urosalpinx cinereus (Say), which has about the same contour. The common Antillean Sistrum nodu- losum is more abbreviated, with far stronger tuberculation and a short anterior canal. It extends southward to Rio Janeiro and Cabo Frio, Brazil (Cf. Hidalgo, Mol. Viaje al Pacifico, p. 67, as R. tuber- culata Blv. var.?). A NEW GUATEMALAN GLANDINA. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Glandina Iheringi n. sp. Shell obesely fusiform or biconic, the diameter half the altitude ; pale brown, with occasional dark chestnut or purplish-brown variceal stripes, inconspicuously bordered on the left side with whitish. Surface shining, finely and evenly striated throughout, excepting the smooth apical whorls; spire conic, with nearly straight lateral out- lines, the apex rather acute. Whorls 74, a little convex, the earlier 24 smooth, separated by a simple suture, the rest very distinctly mar- gined below the suture by an impressed line which defines a narrow band of bead-like tubercles, Last whorl obese, its latter half not rapidly descending, the last suture being consequently nearly parallel with the others, in a dorsal view. Aperture somewhat over half the shell’s length, narrow ; outer lip regularly arcuate; columella subver- tical, concave above, then sinuous and abruptly truncated and ex- cised. Alt. 25, diam. 124; longest axis of aperture 144, greatest width 52 mm. i | Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala. Type no. 78036 Mus. Acad. Nat. Sci. (no. 413 of Dr. H. von Ihering’s register). This elegantly marked species is somewhat allied to G. cordovana fHE NAUTILUS. 5 and G. speciosa, both of which, on comparison of specimens, are seen to be much more cylindrical. The latter differs in being decidedly smoother below, even glabrous, while G. /heringi is striated to the base. The body-whorl is strongly swollen and convex, and the nar- row moniliferous subsutural border is particularly distinct and ele- gant. NEW PISIDIA, AND SOME GENERAL NOTES. BY DR. V. STERKI. Pis. IMBECILLE n. sp. Mussel minute, ovoid-oblong in outline, rather inflated ; superior and inferior margins moderately curved, posterior slightly truncated obliquely outward, rounded below, antero- superior slightly curved or almost straight (oblique), anterior end rounded ; beaks somewhat posterior, broad and low, slightly raised above the hinge margin in the adult; color pale yellowish horn to whitish ; surface with very fine striation and a few slightly marked lines of growth, and with a slight waxy gloss; shell thin, kinge very fine and plate quite narrow; cardinal teeth very small, thin, or al- most obsolete, lateral teeth small, the outer ones of the right valve scarcely visible ; ligament fine. Size: long. 2.3, alt. 1.8, diam. 1.8 mill. Habitat: Byer’s Trout Pond, and Button Lake, Kent Co., Mich., collected by Dr. R. J. Kirkland. This is a well characterized species, not nearly related with any other, and can not be mistaken for mature specimens of any one. But it has much resemblance with very young examples of Pis. variabile Pr., of the same size, and it takes good care to discern them.—Our species will doubtless be found in other places ; in Byer’s Pond Dr. K. collected over four hundred specimens, and twenty- five in Button Lake. The name has been derived from its small size, thin shell, low, broad beaks, and some similarity in shape with Anodonta imbecillis Say. Pis. peraltum, n. sp. Mussel of moderate size, somewhat oblique, very high, much inflated, beaks large, full and prominent; hinge margin strongly curved ; posterior part, behind the beaks, very short, the margin high, slightly to distinctly truncated, passing into the well rounded inferior, with a wide, regular curve; antero-superior 6 THE NAUTILUS. margin slightly curved in a steep slope to the slightly angular, rounded anterior end; color light yellowish horn in the young and a zone along the margins in older species, in which the upper parts usually are grayish ; surface slightly shining, finely and irregularly striated, with some deeper lines of ‘growth usually of darker color ; shell rather strong, nacre whitish to grayish, muscle insertions distinct; hinge stout, strongly curved, plate moderately broad; cardinal teeth short, the one in the right valve curved, its posterior part thick, and usually grooved; the anterior of the left valve short, stout, triangular, abrupt, with a deep groove, posterior short, oblique, curved; lateral teeth short, stout, high, pointed, the outer ones in the right valve quite small; ligament short, moderately strong. Size: long. 3.8 alt. 3.8 diam. 2.8 mill. i Habitat: Crystal Lake, Benzie Co., Mich., collected (over 600 specimens) by Dr. R. J. Kirkland; also in Illinois, Iowa and Kentucky. Typical specimens are easily distinguished from all other species —except an extreme form of P. compressum Pr., from the same place, having rounded beaks without ridges. Yet they are quite distinct. P. peraltum is somewhat variable: in some specimens, there are small but distinct projecting angles at the scutum, or scu- tellum, or both. Others are less high, and the beaks are not so full and prominent. A few specimens (dead valves) from Havana, Ill., had been re- ceived from the Illinois State Laboratory of Nat. Hist. (Mr. Kofoid), in 1895; a few. valves from Iowa City, Ia., were sent, in 1896, by Mr. Jas. H. Ferriss, and a few good specimens from Bowling Green, Ky., by Miss 8. F. Price in 1899. While all these evidently were of the same Pisidium, they seemed not sufficient for establishing a new species upon them, but now proved identical with the Michigan form, and are valuable in showing a wide geographical distribution of our species. Pisidia are becoming an important factor of our molluscan fauna. Owing to the efforts and the kindness of many conchologists in the United States and Canada, the writer had chances to examine a large number of specimens—over two hundred thousand, during the last five or six years, besides ten thousands of Sphaeria and Calycu- ie, cel THE NAUTILUS. 7 line. Yet they still represent only a small part of the country, and diligent, careful collecting in many more places and sections is badly needed. That among such materials there should be many new forms was to be anticipated, but the results were beyond all expectations. This is partly proved by the many species already published. It seems to be necessary to add that the greatest care has been taken in estab- lishing new species. All of them lave been seen in every stage of growth; most are represented by hundreds and thousands of speci- mens, and, in fact, the geographical range of almost all is a wide one. And numerous new forms are in hand, partly have been for years, awaiting new materials for their confirmation.. Not only the species in themselves are of interest and value, but also the study of their geographical distribution and their variations. Some of the Pisidia are extremely variable, and the same can be said of some of our Sphaeria and Calyculine, and their study is very difficult. This is not the place for an account of the work done by all con- tributors, a summary of which will be given in a revision to be pub- lished. Yet two conchologists have done such work and their suc- cess is so unparalleled, the example given by them so suggestive and encouraging, that we can not pass them over in silence. Mr. Olaf O. Nylander has, since ’95, worked up Aroostook Co., Me., and, beside other mollusca, collected and sent for examination about 32,000 recent specimens and large numbers of fossil Pisidia. His careful collecting, under great difficulties, in many places over an extensive area of that northeastern part of our country, has added very materially to our knowledge of the molluscan fauna.! During the last four years also, Dr. R. J. Kirkland, of Grand Rapids, Mich., has collected and sent for examination about 123,000 Pisidia (over 70,000 in 799), and many thousand Spheria and Pisidia, most from Kent and some other counties of Michigan. And it is of importance that both these enthusiastic collectors, like some others also, have paid special attention to even the smallest speci- mens. Thus we became acquainted with some minute species, while the study of the young of all was greatly facilitated. On the other hand, it is very desirable, or rather indispensable, to have as jarge numbers of specimens as possible at disposition, from every locality. 1 See Mr. Nylander’s list in Tur Navrinus XIU, p. 102. (Jan., 1900.) 8 THE NAUTILUS. considering the enormous variability of some species, in order to as- certain whether certain forms are really species, or varieties, or local variations. J. B. QUINTARD. ft is with great regret that we learn of the death of our old cor- respondent, Mr. J. B. Quintard, which occurred at his home near Silver Lake, Shawnee county, Kansas, on December 17, 1899. Born at Norwalk, Connecticut, October 21, 1839, he moved with his parents to Knox county, Ohio, in 1847. In December, 1859, he married Miss Madeline I. Watkins, and in May, 1860, they moved to Kansas, where he selected a site on the open prairie and made a home, which he occupied until his death. He was a great lover and careful observer of nature, and early took up the study of Conchology. By his own labor in collecting and exchanging, he got together a large collection of shells, and especially of the land and fresh-water species. Mr. Quintard was known by correspondence to most western collectors of fresh-water shells, especially the Unionide. GENERAL NOTES. Nore on VITREA RHOADSI Pils.—The distribution of this species would seem to be much more extended than was indicated when first described (Naut. XII, 101). I have specimens from Traverse City and Charlevoix in this State, and Dr. R. J. Kirkland has recently discovered it in Ottawa county, which would indicate a general dis- tribution through the western part of Michigan. It has not as yet been noticed in any of the eastern counties, I have also specimens from County Carlton, Ontario ; Amherst, Mass., and Orange county, Va., which extend the range much further to the north and east than indicated by Mr. Pilsbry.—BryanT WALKER. Note on THE Hasits or LIMN#A MIGHELSI W.G. Binn.— Extract from a letter of Dr, R. J, Kirkland: “I made a visit to Crystal Lake, Benzie county, Mich., in July and again in October. Along the shores are thousands of dead Limnea mighelst W. G. Binn., THE NAUTILUS. 4) and though many hours were spent in July in searching for living ones, not one was found, until an improvised dredge brought them to view from a depth of about twelve feet. Hiring a couple of men to row, about two hundred were taken in half a day’s work. This fall, however, I was surprised to see them in shallow water (one to three feet), and I collected over a thousand by wading and picking them up one by one. They were not in groups at all, but scattered irreg- ularly in patches over the bottom. Some of them were half buried in the sand and the greater part resting with the head toward the shore, and where a track was visible, it was a line from deeper to shallower water. During the few days under observation, not a sin- gle individual was seen floating on the surface.’—Bryant WALKER. ee Toe GrowTi or LAND SNAILS. sent me two Helix albolabris which I put in my wardian case, and Two years ago, nearly, I had have had some thirty or more young from them in two annual crops; the first are about 21 mouths old. One of these perfected the white lip last year. Whether from being so often handled and being in the room where people are moving has made a difference in their habits I cannot say, but this year a portion of their ‘“‘ growing ”’ has been done in full view, and they often do not go into their shells when I take them up. One snail put an addition to his house of a full half inch at once. I happened to see him as he was finishing; he had built from the umbilicus on one side, then from the farther side which we call the top, and was connecting the two sides when I found him. The con- nections seemed like tiny crystals thrown from each side, as ice forms in a pail of water, then it was covered with a jelly-like sub- stance, and in a few days after he had added the first thin gelatine- like wall of lip, and now he has the finished hard white lip. I have often seen one which has the new addition as wnuch like gelatine as possible, then so brittle that the merest touch will break, then like the old shell.— Jennie M. H. Morrett, Gardener, Maine. LAND SHELLS FROM REJECTAMENTA OF THE RIO GRANDE AT Mersityta, New Mexico, AND oF THE GaLLiInas R. at Las Veeas, N. M.—Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell sent the following species from the localities named.