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A charge is made on all overdue books. University of Illinois Library JUN 2 8/1848 JUL 27/1 JUL 3 1 i961 ‘eu M32 Ava DATs RAT) a eo ee yale gah Mette tian Sirah Pe euey Aa. iy eal ny sea ; iP Ns ve aa x 4A rai 0 utes A Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/conchologistsexc2526aver Hou MAUTILUS A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ! Ly CONCHOLOGISTS VOL. XXV. MAY, 1911, to APRIL, 1912. EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS: 4. A. Pitszxy, Curator of the Department of Mollusca, Academy ot Natural Sciences, PHILADELPHIA. C. W. Jounson, Curator of the Boston Society of Natural History, Boston. 14 Ay’ oe . 4 | f j def Bin i ah M i ¥ yw ‘ : = i ) “3 v. fio AW ial Le ow . Tote or TO eo) NAUTILUS, XxXv. INDEX TO SUBJECTS, GENERA AND SPECIES. Abalone, Collecting shells from the . Admete from Bering Sea, A giant Admete regina Dall, n. sp. Aesopus goforthi Dall, n. sp. Agriolimax agrestis on Nantucket aad ates tank Alabama, The Mollusca of Monte Sano Amastra, The distribution of Oahuan species of. Amastra elongata Newe. Amastra heliciformis Anc. _ Amastra reticulata Ne. Ancylus burnupi Walker . Ancylus caffer Krauss Ancylus c. capensis Walker Ancylus c. farquhari Walker Ancylus ec. gordonensis M. and P. Ancylus c. nanus Walker. Ancylus c. stenochorias M. & P. Ancylus c. trapezoideus Bttg. Ancylus connollyi Walker. Ancylus equeefensis Walker Ancylus fontinalis Walker Ancylus mooiensis Walker Ancylus gaulus Gld. Ancylus obliquus Krauss. Ancylus transvaalensis Craven . Ancylus verreauxii Bet. Ancylus yictoriensis Walker Ancylus zambesiensis Walker . Anodonta and Anodontites Anodonta couperiana and A. kan: Notes on. ( iii ) ANN Ato * . lv THE NAUTILUS. Anodonta complanata Anodonta cygnea Anodontinae Ortmann Argyrodonax Dall, n. g. Argyrodonax herve Dall, n. sp. Argyrotheca bermudana Dall, n. sp. Arion rubellus Sterki in Lake Co., Ohio Arkansas shell collecting . Arkansia wheeleri Ortm. and Walk., n. sp. ). (Pl. vat Bermuda, A new Brachiopod from Bermuda, A new genus of bivalves from Bifidaria duplicata Sterki, n. sp. Bifidaria hordeacella, reversed . Boston Malacological Club Brazil, Correspondence from ealliorain: The land Mollusca of sain Mateo Pott Californian Mollusca, New Chiton aureus Spalowsky. Collecting from Haddock on the Gees! S ne Collecting on the Sipsey River, Alabama . Colorado, Land Mollusca at Tolland. Colorado, Oreohelix colonies Congeria, On the type of . Cuba, A vacation trip to . Cuban collecting, An incident in Diplodon australis, The anatomy of . Dosidicus gigas d’ Orb. Edson, Henry M. Elliptio, The generic name Epiphragmophora californensis uaa the fete! commonly called varieties thereof . Epiphragmophora fidelis . : Epiphragmophora infumata Gld., Note on EKupleura grippi Dall, n. sp... Florida, Land shells ot Garden Key, Dry Tortuga Glabaris . Glossina, The name. Grippina californica Dall, 'n. sp. Grippina Dall, n. gen. Haliotis neuictehuell Dall . 68 18, 60 59, 94 87 91 91 286 . 128 . 128 81 THE NAUTILUS. Vv Harford, W. G. W. (obituary). ! ; cis Harpa, The nomenclature of . : : . 665 Helix (Dentellaria) badia Fer., New color varieties . . 48 Helix badia var. roseolabrum Smith, n. var. . . 48 Helix badia var. unicolor Smith, n. var. . 48 Helix hortensis var. dichroa Ckll. n. n. for anh Ckll. not Picard . ' , 60 Helix hortensis on Long idand N. Y., 92, 96 Hyridella australis (Lamarck), La. ie . 100 Keep, Professor Josiah cee and portrait). : oo Lampsilis discus Lea : ' ’ Biron Leptothyra grippii Dall, n. sp. ; ane Limax maximus on Nantucket Island 41480 Locomotive disk of Stylommatophora : a) G2 Lymnaea auricularia in Ohic . : . ere 3 | Lymnaea auricularia in Canada ! #11:G0 Lymnaea florissantica, Note on. ; . 24 Lymneide of Aroostook County, Maine . 2 LOT Lymnium, The use of the generic name . : ores Maine pearls . ; . 120 Margaritana margaritifera ty, a1} ¥ Gg SLO Margaritana monodonta Say, De aibaten O8)) shi Bt Margaritana, The use of the generic name. : Jee Margaritanide Ortmann . fv6 Maryland, Land mollusks of Carte Gecaty ; JohFI Mesomphix laevigata latior Pils. : ; ‘ . 125 Modiolus demissus var. plicatulus in Brookline, Mass. . 182 Mollusks of Wellesley Island and vicinity, St. Lawrence River . : ; é : ; | «3: Mytilopsis Conrad . ; maa: Musculium declive Sterki, n. sp. ; : . 108 Naiad, A new North American . 183 Naides, The classification of the Hacppetn. 5, 21 licdec and Scalaride, New Japanese. . 382 New Jersey, Land shells of Atlantic City . jetae (ae : . 11, 24, 36, 48, 59, 83, 94, 120, 132 Omphalina Ldpsinties W. G. Binh: : . 124 Opeas gracile (Hutton) in the United States . 114 Oreohelix, Notes on. ; : ‘ ' at «LB y FSS Oreohelix cooperi W. G. B. : ‘ . 188 vi THE NAUTILUS. Oreohelix strigosa depressa Ckll. . 18, 186 Oreohelix yavapai Pils. . ; ; Eee Pachycheilus violaceus Preston, Note on . ; . 88 Paleoglossa n. n. for Glossina . ; ; ae Pearls in one Unio . . 84 Pennsylvania, Land shells of onan Gannie ane Pennsylvania, Molluscan fauna of Northampton County . 26 Physa gyrina, Notes on . : ; . 108 Pisidia from Alabama, New Peet Pisidium dispar Sterki, n. sp. . ; es Pisidium inornatum Sterki, n. sp. . ae Pisidium, The cardinal teeth of. : ; , bis ik Planorbis campanulatus smithii Baker, n. var. . 4/198 Plaxiphora setigera . : ; : : TY — ee | ain ‘ Peal ™ i ; wy gh ie » irs A ite 3 t ! =, fe) bi HE 3 ‘y a, V2 re i g Re “aw! a yy ] " 5 7 Neda A, : be 8 \ - 3 é 7 ; : ae, oe Weck | had y F \ ev: . en ‘J ’ Bi rf = : \ _ Bo ie), a4 be ~ : ! i _ Pa , z it c } AS 1 é ‘1 : * PF sth hae ar y ah yf gt « 7 . ) f ze P f : era! 7. a Pokey ¥ i Sar LAr ri a THE NAUTILUS, XXV PLATE I. Figs. 1, 2, 3. Figs. 4, 5, 6. 1,2,3. UNIO CORUSCUS GOULD, TYPE P. 29. 4,5,6. UNIO TENUISCULUS FRIERSON, COTYPES, P. 29. THE NAUTILUS. VoL. XXV. AUGUST, 1911. No. 3 CORRESPONDENCE FROM BRAZIL. BY FRED. BAKER. Nata, Brazix, May 30, 1911. As I have a chance to get letters away to-morrow, and as I have a little breathing spell this afternoon, I will give you an idea what we have been doing since reaching Brazil. Unfortunately, we lost much time in Ceara waiting for the way steamer to bring us to this smaller port, and as the vessel was ex- pected from day to day we did not unpack our outfit, so our work was not carefully done. The authorities have been most considerate, admitting our things without duties, and in every way facilitating our work. At Ceard we were taken in a special train to Quixad’d—164 kilometers— where the largest dam in Brazil is located. It is a surprise to all of our party who are new to the country to find that the States of Ceara and Rio Grande do Norte, making up the northeastern portion of Brazil, have a climate about as dry as that of Southern California and not very unlike it in many other respects. Nowhere did we see the luxuriant tropical vegetation which we were accustomed to in Mexico and Central America. The whole coast is a line of sand dunes, constantly shifting, varied by an underlying sand rock in places, and as far as we went the timber is all small. The dam at Quixadd is an enormous affair, and owing to the scanty rainfall of the district and the limited watershed, which prob- ably was never carefully estimated, it is much larger than is needed and has never entirely filled. 338 THE NAUTILUS. For two days we were the guests of the railroad and government officials and were royally treated. The train made frequent stops at stations and wherever there seemed any prospects of finding things zoological. Before we reached our destination we had scared the natives by our collection of lizards, toads and snakes, and I] had been able to get a few specimens of land shells, to which I have been able to add extensively since. I am unable to determine any- thing with definiteness, but to date I have collected over a quart of living and dead shells apparently representing Helix, Zonites, Buli- mus, Bulimulus, Buliminus, Tomigerus and Stenogyra. In Ceara the number of all except the last was very small, but back of Natal I have found the other genera represented in considerable numbers. In Natal we were again the guests of the railroad and government officials for a run of 86 kilometers to Baixa Verde, located in the ‘‘Campos”’ country, the great rolling comparatively barren plains of the interior of the State. On the way we passed a single lime- stone cut furnishing a fine lot of fossils and also representatives of at least three species of living shells. The low, brushy timber through which we ran was largely made up of the Mangabeira, the rubber tree of Southeastern and Eastern Brazil, which at a distance re- minds one of a small weeping willow. ‘This, in season, furnishes employment for a considerable number of men, and yields sufficient rubber to show considerable export. For the rest, Cactus, Acacia and similar growths take one back in imagination to the lower parts of Arizona and New Mexico. Later we were furnished a custom-house steamer for a run of 20 miles down the coast to the little town of Piraugy. Here we dropped into a typical tropical settlement, very primitive and poor, but most interesting. This region is noted for its native pillow lace, and here it was for sale very cheap, so that most of our party invested small sums. We estimated the time spent in making some of it and found the women selling the results of their labor for from two to four cents a day. I interested the native boys in collecting, and on the shore rocks we got at least one species of Chiton, a small Arca like solidissima and a small variety of things not yet determined. On a reef about a mile out I added a few things, but my impression formed here and at Ceard is that the conchological fauna is extremely poor both in number of species and of specimens. I spent an hour dredging at THE NAUTILUS. 39 the boat’s anchorage in two fathoms of water and had much difficulty in getting the material aboard as the sand was almost too fine to stay in the dredge net. The material is not rich, but a large hand- ful looked over yesterday yielded a Dentalium, a Turbonilla, and three or four minute Rissoids. At Ceara I found Neritina virginea very common and all along the coast a Cryptogramma is in evidence. Also two species of the Lucinidae, one measuring about two inches across are not rare, as well as several representatives of the Tellinidae, always beach-worn. A day’s very careful dredging over some nine miles of the estuary on the side of which Natal is located, ranging from the muddy mangrove swamps aboye to the shifting sands at the mouth gave very little results, so that I am disappointed in the hope of securing a large collection while here. However, as we shall stay a month longer, I hope to be able to make a useful and fairly full report of what is here. There is a company about to begin work with a couple of deep-sea trawlers, and we have been invited to make our- selves at home aboard as soon as they get to work. This should give mea chance to see just what the bottom offers about this region. Our original plan to work the coast from this point to Para has been upset because the only available government boat is too small to carry the necessary supply of coal and water to make the long run between ports where coal can be had, and the owner of the only available sailing vessel demands $3000.00 to take us to Para, al- though the trip could be made in a month or six weeks. On this account, and because of the great possibilities which the trawlers offer, we have decided to make a careful survey of this region before moving up the coast. You asked me to write you of our trip for use in the Nauritus. If any of the foregoing seems of sufficient interest for such use you are welcome to use it. As you will see, our plans have been largely changed, but it is the verdict of all concerned that a thorough survey of this region, which has never been worked at all, may yield as valuable results as anything we could do. We have passes over the two railroads, and everything points to efficient work. Meanwhile we are beautifully located on a hill overlooking bay and ocean; there is a constant breeze from the ocean, and there is no appreciable heat unless one exerts oneself; so we are in fora delightful time, whatever our results may be. 40 THE NAUTILUS. ARKANSAS SHELL COLLECTING. BY F. A. SAMPSON. In March of the present year I did some collecting at three places in Arkansas, and below I give the result. The first place was at Van Buren, Crawford county, on the bluff above the town. Here I found only four species. Bulimulus dealbatus (Say). ‘Two shells were found, both dead ones. Polygyra appressa (Say). ‘Two dead shells of 17 and 18 mm. There was scarcely an indication of the lamella-like long denticle on the basal margin that is mentioned in the type description. Polygyra inflecta (Say). One-third of the fifteen shells did not have the umbilicus entirely covered. They were of five whorls and 9 to 10 mm. Polygyra jacksoni (Bland). At Eureka Springs, Arkansas, this species is of five and one-half whorls, and 6 to 64 mm. From various other counties of the State the size is about the same, but from Sebastian county they were larger. The most of those found here, seventy in number, were of 8 mm. and were of decidedly darker color than those from other localities. The same was true of the inflecta, but not as notably so. Shells were gener- ally scarce under large single stones, and were found under piles of stones. II. The next locality was at Winslow, at the north end of the tunnel at the top of the Boston Mountains. The first day I collected on both sides of the valley and gathered a considerable number, in- cluding perhaps fifteen Polygyra edentata, but by a misunderstand- ing they were all thrown in the fire. The next day I went over almost the same ground and got the following: Kast side. West side. Polygyra perspectiva, 1 15 P. labrosa, 40 77 P. dorfeuillana sampsont, 9) 15 P. edentata, 8 5 P. jackson, 15 90 P. neglecta, 20 P. albolabris allen, 4 P. thyroides, 5 Omphalina fuliginosa ozarkensis, 5 THE NAUTILUS. 4] The allent were 24 and 25 mm. in diam., and the larger one of the thyroides 20 mm., the others 18 mm. and of less than five whorls, It will be noticed that no znflecta were found here. III. The third locality was two miles north of Brentwood, the first station north of Winslow, at a place on the railroad called by the country people ‘acorn cut,” from the fossil pentremites found there. In the woods near the railroad I got: P. albolabris alleni, 1 specimen; P. thyrotdes, 2; P. clausa, 3; P. appressa, 4; P. neglecta, 2; P. edentata, 6; P. labrosa, 4; P. per- spectiva, 5. These were all found close to the valley, while at Winslow they were found only high up on the mountain. Columbia, Missouri. NEW JAPANESE SCALARIIDAE. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. ( Concluded.) Scala kamakurana, n. sp. Related to S. turricula Sowerby. The shell is imperforate, pure white. The spire is straightly conic. First three whorls form a smooth, embryonic shell. Following whorls sculptured with ribs and spiral striz are well rounded, with deep sutures. The spirals are cord-like, about as wide as their intervals; on the penultimate whorl there are eight. They are wanting on the upper third of each whorl, which is almost smooth. About twelve spiral cords can be counted on the last whorl. The vertical ribs are mostly rather nar- row and delicate, slightly recurved, but there are from one to three stronger ribs on each of the last two whorls. Each rib has an angle or ashort point above quite near the suture. There are fifteen ribs on the last whorl of a shell 9 mm. long, and seventeen on a slightly larger shell 9.8 mm. long. The ribs are for the most part connected or continuous from whorl to whorl, but in some places they do not connect. Aperture short-oval; columellar margin of the peristome wider than the varix of the outer lip. Length 9, diam. 3,8 mm.; whorls 9. Kamakura, Sagami. Types No. 70740, A. N.S. P., collected by F. Stearns. 42 THE NAUTILUS. Shorter and broader than the following species, with the shoulder- angles of the ribs nearer the suture. Scala sagamiensis, n. sp. This species is closely related to S. kamakurana, from which it differs in the following respects: The shell is more slender, sutures deeper. The spiral cords are somewhat stronger, eight or nine on the penultimate, thirteen on the last whorl, the intervals below the suture and above the spirals being smooth. Ribs rather narrow and delicate, with occasional higher ones interposed at irregular intervals. The smaller ribs are either unarmed or but weakly angular above, but the larger ones have distinct points above, further from the suture than in S. kamakurana. There are fifteen ribs on the last whorl. The aperture is very shortly-oval. Peristome continuous, the outer varix bearing a point above; columellar margin dilated at the base; parietal callus spreading forward. Length 11, diam. 4 mm.; whorls remaining 8, the first one smooth, the apical whorls wanting. Kamakura, Sagami. Type No. 104696, A. N.S. P., collected by F. Stearns. NEW CUBAN UROCOPTIDAE I. BY PROFESSOR CARLOS DE LA TORRE. The species described below were collected by the writer in the northeastern angle of Santa Clara Province, from Remedios to the Camaguay boundary, chiefly in the Sierras near the northern coast, which may be reached from the towns of Remedios, Yaguajay and Mayajigua. Being Gongylostome, the species are of the west Cuban type, but they have a particular facies of their own. The prevalence of forms belonging to the section Hsochara is an interesting feature of this fauna. Illustrations of all the following species will accompany the con- cluding paper. Urocoptis (GONGYLOSTOMA) VILLARENSIS, ND. sp. Shell rimate, swollen-cylindric, the upper third tapering to a nar- THE NAUTILUS. 43 row truncation ; rather thin; streaked with white on a pale brown ground. Surface silky, closely subarcuate-striate; suture simple. Whorls 8-9 scarcely convex, the last shortly free in front witha cord-like keel around the base. Aperture slightly oblique, subcir- cular, slightly narrowed laterally, light brown within ; columellar fold visible deep within ; peristome nearly white, expanded and re- flexed throughout, but narrow in the peripheral region. Axis en- circled by two subequal compressed lamellz, the lower denticulate in the upper whorls, and both rapidly enlarged in the antepenult and penultimate whorls, smaller in last whorl. Long. 22, diam. 6.2, apert.5 mm. Whaorls 9. Long. 19, diam. 6, apert. 4.8 mm. Whorls 8. Long. 20, diam. 6, apert. 5. Whorls 8.5. Central Cuba ; El Purio, near Calabazar de Sagua and El Capiro, near Santa Clara, Province of Santa Clara. A locality also called ‘* Las Villas.” This species obviously belongs to the Subgenus Gongylostoma. It approaches U. obliqua but differs by its larger size, simple suture and by the wider lamellz of the axis, ete. Urocopris (GONGYLOSTOMA) PROTEUS, D. sp. Shell rimate, cylindric, somewhat swollen, the upper third taper- ing to a rather narrow truncation; thin; brown, marbled with white flames ; surface obliquely rib-striate ; suture sub-crenulate. Whorls 9-11, a little convex, the last purplish, shortly free in front, with an obsolete basal keel. Aperture slightly oblique, subcircular, brown within ; peristome, columella and upper wall white; peristome ex- panded and reflexed. Axis encircled by three compressed lamelle, the lowest denticulate above the middle, moderately expanded in the three last whorls, the others disappearing in the penultimate whorl. Long. 22, diam. 6, aperture 4.2 mm. Whorls 11. Long. 17, diam. 5.2, aperture 3.2 mm. Whorls 9. Long. 20, diam. 6, aperture 4mm. Whorls 10. Central Cuba, Sierra de Bamburanao near Seibabo de Yaguajay in the Province of Santa Clara. Similar to J. villarensis but its whorls are more convex with rib- lets separated by wide intervals, suture subcrenulate and the axis en- circled by three instead of two compressed lamelle. 44 THE NAUTILUS. U. PROTEUS CASTANEA, N. var. Differs from the type in being of uniform brown, with last whorl purplish. The suture is more distinctly crenulate. Long. 18, diam. 5.5, ap. 3.8 mm. Whorls 9. Long. 15, diam. 4.8, ap. 3.2 mm. Whorls 8.5. Long. 16, diam. 5, ap. 3.8 mm. Whaorls 9. Central Cuba; Colonia Santa Cruz between Seibabo and Yaguajay in the province of Santa Clara. Differs from U. remediensis by the somewhat swollen shell, rapidly tapering to a broader truncation, more solid, and chestnut-colored without whitish spots; rib striate and more crenulate, etc. The axial lamellz are also somewhat differently disposed. U. PROTEUS ROBUSTAXIS, 0. var. Shell smaller, cylindric, somewhat swollen, rapidly tapering to a very narrow truncation ; somewhat solid; pale chestnut with obsolete whitish clouds; oblique, regularly rib striate; suture not crenulate. Whorls 9-10.5, a little convex, the last one more free. Aperture as in U. proteus, typical. Axis tri-lamellate, rather strong and stout in the last whorls. Differs from the variety castanea by its simple suture, more pro- jecting last whorl, stouter axis, and by its color pattern of a few white and chestnut spots on pale brown ground. ‘The last whorl is purple, as in the type. Long. 18, diam. 4.8, ap. 3.8 mm. Whorls 10.0. Long. 17, diam. 5, ap. 4mm. Whorls 9. Long. 17, diam. 4.7, ap. 3.5 mm. Whorls 10. Central Cuba; Sierra de Santa Rosa between Remedios and Sei- babo de Yaguajay in the province of Santa Clara. Urocortis (GONGYLOSTOMA) REMEDIENSIS, 0D. sp. Shell rimate, cylindric, the upper third (or half ) tapering to the truncation; thin; brown with opaque whitish flames. Surface obliquely weakly striate; suture slightly crenulate. Whorls 8-10, a little convex, the last purplish, shortly free in front with a cord-like keel around the base. Aperture slightly oblique, ovate rounded ; dark brown within, but the peristome, columella and upper wall nearly white. Peristome expanded and reflexed throughout. Axis encircled by three compressed lamella, the lower denticulate in the upper and median whorls. THE NAUTILUS. 45 Long, 16, diam. 4, aper. 3.3 mm. Whorls 9.5. Long. 14, diam. 3.2, aper. 3mm. Whorls 8. Long. 15, diam. 4, aper. 3.2mm. Whorls 9. Var. a. Somewhat larger and swollen. Whorls 9-11. Long. 20, diam. 5.2, aper.4 mm. Whorls 11. Var. 6. Chestnut-brown, spotted with white above sutures. Long. 18, diam. 5, aper. 3.6 mm. Whorls 10. Central Cuba; Near Remedios; var. ‘a’ from El Palenque de Jaguayabon and Cerro de Guajabana; var. ‘>’ from near Jaguaya- bon, all in the Province of Santa Clara. The complete shell has 17 to 18 whorls with a total length of 20 to 22 mm. The rejected or broken-off portion of the spire is atten- uate, delicately striate and with a smooth translucent and bulbous tip. Urocorprtis (GONGYLOSTOMA) MAYAJIGUENSIS, 0. sp. Shell rimate, cylindric, the upper half tapering to a narrow trun- cation; thin; reddish chestnut profusely marbled with white, some- times in zigzag pattern. Surface densely, obliquely striate; slightly angulate along the suture. Whorls 10 to 11, slightly convex, the last shortly free in front, with a basal, cord-like keel. Aperture slightly oblique, rounded-ovate, brown inside; peristome pale brown, expanded and reflexed. Axis encircled by two compressed lamelle, the lower being larger in the later and slightly denticulate in the upper whorls. Long. 23, diam. 5.2, apert. 4.2 mm. Whorls 12. Long. 19, diam. 4.8, apert. 3.6 mm. Whorls 10.5. Long. 20, diam. 5, apert. 4mm. Whorls 11. Var. “a.”’ Smaller, more swollen, whorls almost flat. Long. 18, diam. 5.2, apert. 4.2. Whorls 9. Central Cuba; Las Llanadas, Sierra de Matahambre; var. ‘¢a’’ from Veredas de Aguada y del Alunado, in the district of Mayajigua, province of Santa Clara. Differs from U. villarensis by its more slender and tapering spire, brown color, suture, number of whorls, etc., and from U. remediensis by its bi-lamellate internal axis, etc. The opaque white pattern is confined to the striz, the intervals being smooth. U. MAYAJIGUENSIS FULVA, N. var. Shell smaller, cylindric, more solid; light brown with a golden 46 THE NAUTILCS. gleam ; striation coarser. Whorls 9 to 10, somewhat convex. Axis encircled by two compressed lamellw, the lower more expanded than in the type. Length 17, diam. 4.8, aperture, 3.5. Whorls 10. Length 16, diam. 4, aperture 3.2. Whorls 9. Length 16, diam. 4.5, aperture 3.5. Whorls 9. Central Cuba; Coqueron del Jatibonico at the boundary between the Provinces of Santa Clara and Camaguay. Some specimens show faint traces of white maculations. Urocopris (GONGYLOSTOMA) CIONISCUS, Nn. sp. Shell rimate, cylindric, the upper fourth tapering to a rather wide truncation ; somewhat solid ; ashen with occasional brown streaks ; sculptured with narrow oblique riblets separated by much wider in- tervals; suture simple. Whorls 9 to 11, somewhat convex, the last shortly free with an obsolete cord-like keel around the base. Aper- ture sub-circular, pale brown within, the peristome shining white, expanded and reflexed ; columella with a distinct fold deep within. Axis bearing two lamelle, the lower one somewhat the larger, denticulate above the middle and extending to the last whorl, the upper disappearing in the penultimate whorl. Long. 26, diam. 5, apert. 5.2. Whorls 11. Long, 24, diam. 5.2, apert. 5.3. Whorls 9. Long. 25, diam. 5.2, apert. 5.38. Whorls 10.5. Central Cuba; Cueva del Muerto, Sierra de Meneses in the dis- trict of Yaguajay, Province of Santa Clara. Differs from U. vignalensis by its more cylindric and less tapering shell, the brown streaks, absence of granules along the sutures, and the axis encircled by two (not three) compressed and wider lamelle. (Described from dead specimens). UrocorTis (GONGYLOSTOMA) TRANSITORIA, N. sp. Shell rimate, cylindric, the upper half or third tapering to a nar- row truncation; thin; corneous-brown, with occasional stripes of a deeper brown irregularly spread. Surface lusterless, sculptured with narrow riblets separated by wider intervals. Whorls 9.5 to ll,a little convex, the last slightly darker and free in front, rounded below with an obsolete cord around the base. Aperture sub-circular, a little narrower above, brown within; columella, upper wall and THE NAUTILUS. 47 upper half of peristome white. Peristome well expanded and re- flexed. Axis encircled by three lamelle, the lowest denticulate above the penultimate whorl, moderately enlarged in the middle and extending to the last whorl. The upper lamella, compressed at first, becomes cord-like and disappears in the penultimate whorl; the intermediate lamella smallest and thread-like above. ~ Long. 24, diam. 5.8, apert. diam. 5.2 mm. Whorls 11. Long. 20, diam. 5, apert. diam. 4.6 mm. Whorls 9.5. Long. 22, diam. 5, apert. diam. 5 mm. Whorls 10.5. Central Cuba; Sierra de Matahambre at Las Llanadas, in the district of Mayajigua, province of Santa Clara. This species is intermediate between U. cioniscus and U. fallax, but is easily distinguished by its shape, color, and chiefly by the columellar axis. Urocoprtis (GONGYLOSTOMA) FALLAX, 0. sp. Shell rimate, cylindric, the upper third tapering to a rather wide truncation ; thin ; dull yellowish with occasional irregularly spaced brown streaks. Surface lusterless, sculptured with narrow arcuate riblets separated by much wider intervals. Whorls 9-11, convex, the last purplish brown, shortly free in front, rounded below, with an almost obsolete cord around the base. Aperture nearly round, brown within; peristome, upper wall and columella white. Peris- tome broadly expanded and reflexed.. Axis stout and encircled by three sub-equal compressed lamelle, the lowest largest in penulti- mate whorl and smallest in the upper whorls where the upper lamellze dominate ; lower lamella denticulate above. Long. 25, diam. 6.2, apert. diam. 6. Whorls 11. Long. 20, diam. 6, apert. diam. 5.6. Whorls 9. Long. 23, diam. 6, apert. diam. 6. Whorls 10.5. Central Cuba; Vereda de el Alunado, through the Sierra de Jatibonico in the district of Mayajigua, Prov. of Santa Clara. Superficially resembling U. entermedia but differing chiefly in its more widely spaced riblets and in its axial structure. From JU. transitoria it differs by its stouter form, sculpture and columellar axis. Urocoprtis (GONGYLOSTOMA) DILATATA, N. sp. Shell rimate, cylindric, slightly swollen, the upper third tapering 48 THE NAUTILUS. to the truncation; thin; grayish white, becoming slightly purplish brown on the last whorl. Surface lusterless, sculptured with narrow oblique riblets separated by much wider spaces; whorls 8-9, some- what convex, the last rounded below with an obsolete cord around the base, very shortly free in front. Aperture large, subcircular or somewhat transversely oblong, a trifle brownish within, the peristome shining white, broadly expanded and reflexed ; columella with a dis- tinct fold. Axis encircled by two principal compressed lamelle, the lower one largest, denticulate above the middle and extending to the last whorl, the upper disappearing to the penultimate whorl; in the median whorls a cord is sometimes interposed, particularly in the ante-penultimate whorl. Long. 23, diam. 7, aperture diam. 7. Whorls 9. Long. 20, diam. 6.5, aperture diam. 5.8. Whorls 8. Long. 22, diam. 6.8, aperture diam. 6. Whorls 8. Central Cuba; Sierra de Boqueron del Jatibonico at the boundary between Santa Clara and Camaguay Provinces. The complete shell contains 16-18 whorls with a total length of 24-28 mm. The rejected portion is rib-striate with smooth and somewhat bulbous lip. Differs from U. fallax by its color, more en- larged aperture and by the columellar axis. (To be continued. ) NOTES. New Coror Varieties OF HELIX (DENTELLARIA) BADIA Fér.—There is in my collection a series of Helix badia Feér., habitat unknown, which exhibit considerable variation from the type in their coloring. ‘To call attention to their character I may be justified in giving names to these extreme forms. As Dr. Pilsbry points out in the Manual (Vol. V, p. 86) the type of badia is ‘‘ uniform dark chestnut colored.’’ Between the typical form and the variety I first describe is a transition stage which is represented by an example before me. Var. roseolabrum, n. var. Differs from the type in being much lighter in color and having a rose-colored peristome. Type in my own collection. Var. unicolor, n. var. Distinguished by the light-colored shell and pure white peristome and teeth. In the example before me the umbilicus is not completely covered. Type in my own collection. This form should not be confused with Pilsbry’s var. guadeloupensis. The latter is chestnut-colored and carinated at the periphery. MAXWELL SMITH. WHE NAUTILUS. VoL. XXY. SEPTEMBER, 1911. No. 5 AN INCIDENT IN CUBAN COLLECTING. BY JOHN B. HENDERSON, JR. _ In the course of a number of collecting trips to the Antilles for land shells I recall various instances of possibly more than average interest to those who know the delights of a field naturalist. When- ever some particular out-of-the-way locality was visited, often there would be some one species sought and desired above all others, gen- erally a species of very local distribution, and which on account of rarity or beauty inspired us to greater efforts to find. So was it in the case of that splendid big and lusty Pleurodonte gigantea at La Ferriére in Haiti, and of Pl. cognata in a little valley in extreme western Jamaica. Cuba is full of such preferred and desirable game, but probably the special hunt for Urocoptis elliotti and its near ally, U. dautzenbergiana, proved to be the most strenuous of all similar experiences. Mr. Charles T. Simpson was with me at the time in Havana, and we were planning for a dash somewhere into the interior when our excellent friend, Dr. Carlos de la Torre, a perfect encyclopedia of Cuban mollusks, suggested we try for that remarkable pair of Uro- coptid twins that are reported to live on two mountains near Guane, and which had eluded all search since they were originally found by some fortunate collector many years ago. We lost no time in get- ting to Guane. Besides our special reason for going there, we well knew the region to be rich in that splendid fauna of the inner range of the Sierra de los Organos. There occur the lovely Hutrochatella 50 THE NAUTILCS. regina, the parraiana group of Helices, a host of Urocoptids, fine operculates and some peculiarly painted Liguus. Doctor Torre couldn’t resist the temptation at the last second, so boarded the train with us. The doctor is always a most welcome and charming companion. We located our mountains, which are in sight from Guane. One of them is the “Sierra de Guane,” and somewhere upon its steep and precipitous sides we must look for edlotti; the other is called ‘¢ Sierra de Paso Real de Guane,” where presumably lived in security from prowling naturalists the strange dautzenbergiana. Now we simply had to have those fellows. We prepared for their capture with the care and thought that mountain climbers give to their campaigns against loftier peaks. On horseback and by volanta we proceeded to the base of the Sierra and began our recognizance, but without a sign, not a ‘‘ bone,” of edliott?. There were, however, no end of other things, and the day was made glorious by a catch of great size and interest. It is a day that fairly shines in memory, and I have lived it over in retrospect with Simpson many times since. The next morning bright and early we made our second attack, It was apparent that some climbing must be done. Far up on one side a great white limestone escarpment projects out from the mass of tropical vegetation covering the mountain, like the forehead of some great giant of the Sierra. It is perpendicular, forbidding and dangerous. Buzzards constantly cirele about it, and it is likely to be the nesting-place of millions of fretful wasps; but just in such places live some of Cuba’s very best molluscan offerings. I felt it must be attained, so up I ‘“‘ goes,” scrambling, slipping, clinging to trees, crawling along limbs, only stopping now and then to catch a breath or to pick some appealing Liguus. Up until the blue Carib- bean glistened on the horizon and the plains of Pinar del Rio lay stretched out like some huge map. At last the base of the cliff was attained, but no elliott? as yet. Through narrow crevasses I wrig- gled on up until finally, quite done for and exhausted, I lay for a while upon a little projecting rock-shelf to cool off and to speculate upon the folly of ever leaving a happy home, etc. Then, not sud- denly, but gradually, I began to take in a remarkable sight. It required some moments to acquire what the psychologists call the ‘“‘ presentation ’”’ of the sight, but soon my heart began to thump and THE NAUTILUS. 51 my excitement to grow until I almost feared to trust myself alone upon such a height. All over the rocks, on the perpendicular cliffs, and exposed to the glare of a dazzling sun, were myriads of U. elliotti, clinging in their peculiar fashion to the surface, all alive and in finest condition of unbroken spires, and that color tone of health possessed only by fresh, living shells. But now arose the problem as to how to gather them. It takes one hand to hold a box, another to pick specimens from their moor- ings, and it requires two more to hang on to the wall of smooth rock. Fortunately there was a breast pocket in my shirt, and with a twig I could keep it gaping open. Then with my lips I tenderly gathered them one by one, slowly and cautiously, and spat them into that happy pocket. | Had any telescope been trained upon me I would only have fur- nished one further evidence of hopeless mental condition, for indeed what sane man would spend an hour, or a moment as for that, fondly kissing a lofty cliffin Pinar del Rio? If any reader of the NauTiLus cares to take a chance on that telescope down below, and also the risk of a long fall, I can assure him that there are still a hundred thousand fine U. elliott: waiting for him right there on the Sierre de Guane. REMARKS ON UNIO VARICOSUS, CICATRICOSUS AND UNIO COMPERTUS, NEW SPECIES. BY L. S. FRIERSON. A study of the shells generally known as either Unio cicatricosus Say or as varicosus Lea has brought to light a singular state of affairs. The U. cicatricosus was described by Say in manuscript, ‘‘ together with about twenty others,” in 1826, and published with such others as he supposed had not yet been described by other authors, in 1829. Taking, with his very incomplete description, the illuminating re- marks following, we find that Say’s species was a large, thick shell, with high beaks, but not so high as in the allied Unio cordatus (obliquus Lam.), and having a single row of transverse elevations down the center of the disc, and that it is ‘‘a common inhabitant of the Wabash river.” This is applicable to no known Unio except the aesopus of Green. This conclusion is fortified by the fact that 52 THE NAUTILUS. Conrad, who shortly after this time had become quite intimate with Say, so considered it in his ‘‘ New Fresh-water Shells,” published in 1834. So did Dr. Lea, but the opinion of the latter was dis- counted by conchologists because of the well-known enmity which unfortunately had sprung up between Say and Lea. Say himself placed Lea’s Unio varicosus as a synonym of his Unio cicatricosus, in the short and exceedingly erroneous Synopsis of 1834. This dictum of Say has been accepted by nearly all conchologists since, but Say had never seen Lea’s species, and his idea no doubt arose from Lea having compared his varicosus with the aesopus of Green. Say having shortly afterwards died, this dictum was never corrected by him. It is true that Green had in 1827 published his Unio aesopus ; but Say tells us that he had to forego at this time (1829) a design of compiling a synopsis of the western Uniones, because of the impossi- bility of procuring books, ete., in his insulated abode, and Dr. Green’s article, which was published in a rather obscure publication, no doubt had escaped his notice. At any rate the assignment of the Wabash as a common habitat of the czcatricosus effectually bars his shell from being the same as Lea’s species, as the varicosus does not live in that river. Say’s name then, being a synonym of aesopus, cannot be used for Lea’s shell. Lea’s name, as he tells us himself, had already been used by Lamarck; consequently his shell has no name. Turning now to the shells themselves, we find equally as much confusion. ‘There are no less than four distinct species so called to be found in our various museums and collections. Lea himself did not know his own shell very well, since, I am told by Dr. Dall, specimens of genuine varicosus were labeled by him as subrotundus, while on the other hand we are informed by Dr. A. E. Ortmann that a shell labeled cicatricosus, from the Beaver river, Pa., in the Academy of Natural Sciences, is in reality only an old Unio subro- tundus. In the Conchologia Iconica of Reeve we are given two plates of this species (figs. 31 and 50) which evidently represent two different shells. Plates and names, therefore, will be given that students may recognize the sundry shells which at present go under the common names under discussion. UNIO DETECTUS, new name. Plate II, lower, pl. III, upper figures. This is the true varicosus of Lea, whose type shell is not typical THE NAUTILUS. 53 of the species (i. e., is not an average specimen). The best figure of this shell, though itself poor, is that given by Kuster (Taf. 58, fig. 2). In its general facies the shell somewhat resembles the Unio pyra- midatus, with the addition of the characteristic elevations, Mr. Swainson mentioned that he had seen a specimen of mytzlocides with pustules down the center. There can be no doubt that he had a shell of this species before him. The specimen figured was given me by Dr. Dall, and came from the collection of the National Museum. It measures, length 87, alt. 70, diam. 394 mm. UNIO CICATRICOIDES, new name. PI. II, upper figure. This is the shell figured and described by Conrad in his Mono- graphy (page 115, plate 64), and also by R. E. Call, Indiana Mol- lusca (Indiana Geological Report, 1900), plate 55, to which descrip- tion and plate reference is herewith made. Its general facies is much more like aesopus than detectus, from which latter it differs in being more inflated (especially behind) and is a larger shell; its lateral teeth are much more club-shaped and larger; the posterior sinus of the hinge margin is nearer the end of the ligament; the color of the epidermis is also different from that of detectus. Length 93, alt. 69, diam. 554 mm. UNIO COMPERTUS, new species. Pl. III, middle and lower figs. Shell medium in size; length 2.3, height 2.1, diameter 1.3 inches. Apparently dimorphic, the females (?) being broader behind than the males and more rounded, the males (?) being somewhat triangular and pointed behind, beaks high and well forward (their sculpture not seen). Epidermis dirty yellow, darker before (as in cireulus). Basal outline rounded, and in the females expanded in the middle; shell not very much inflated. The posterior ridge is rounded, and becomes more and more inflated with age. The posterior area is narrow, with several more or less well-defined lines from beak to margin. Down the center of the disc runs a row of pustules, larger in the females, as well as more numerous. Inside, the nacre is white, quite thick in front, as far back as the center, or row of pus- tules, from thence it becomes remarkably thin in comparison, pro- ducing a trough-like excavation from beak to posterior base. ‘Teeth erect and fairly stout; two cardinals and two laterals in the left valve and one each in the right. 54 THE NAUTILUS. Habitat: Clinch and Holston rivers. The examples figured had been labeled Unio cicatricosus by Dr. James Lewis, and his determination had been O. K.’d by Mr. C. T. Simpson. Shells the same as these have been loaned the writer by Mr. W. A. Marsh under the same name (i. e., varicosus). Others of the same species had been given the writer by Mr. Bryant _ Walker as being the varicosus of Lea. With their attention called more carefully to the shell, however, both of these gentlemen now concur with me as to their novelty. Type in my collection. This shell is remotely, if at all, related to the other shells above men- tioned. There is apparently a slight relationship to Unio propinguus in its general facies, but the species is in reality very distinct. Notr.—The term Unio is used above in the old broad sense of denoting a naiad shell having both lateral and cardinal teeth, and not in the restricted sense now held by our modern conchologists, and so embraces the various divisions of Quadrula, Pleurobema, Ple- thobasis, etc., etc., as the future ‘study of the soft parts may incline the future systematists to place them. CORRESPONDENCE FROM BRAZIL. BY FRED. BAKER. S. S. Raaetia, Hampurc-America LIne, On THE Rio NEGRO, 950 MILES FROM THE MOUTH OF THE AMAzoN, July 24, 1911. Dear Dr. Pilsbry: This goes in compliance with my promise to report of our progress. We left Natal, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, on July Ist for Para, after a stay that was comparatively barren of results zoologic- ally. The reptilian collection is good, but in all other lines the number of species is small. My collection of marine shells—not- withstanding several days spent in dredging—is small enough, so that I feel sure that they are not to be found on this immediate coast, for reasons that we can only guess at at present. By interesting the ubiquitous small boy in a couple of interior towns I was able to secure several thousand land and fresh-water shells of a rather limited num- ber of species. I feel reasonably sure that I have two new species \ aan a ; : j . ' . », ; j | fone - gn, ’ ‘ee < a . F ie r ‘ - a h CER Da eaBiet - ck. ‘ r ae | 7 ip vt | : ‘ rt te Ms ; | ¢ | F x‘ 4 J tr 7 , " + «i St i Ad Le - yy | ta a | bi we a | } rate ac 4 os " % * “* cor eo tee Ce es Ley ~) A, a, THE NAUTILUS, XXV. PILATE IL 1. UNIO CICATRICOIDES FRIERSON, 2 UNIO DETECTUS FRIERSON- THE NAUTILUS, XXV. FLATE III 1, UNIO DETECTUS FRIERSON. 2, 3,4. UNIO COMPERTUS FRIERSON. THE NAUTILUS. 55 of Tomigerus, but the other things, unless it be in Pistdium and Planorbis, seem likely to prove well known. On the way up the coast to Para two of us decided that it would be a shame to visit Brazil and not go up the Amazon, so after seeing the rest of the party off for New York we got aboard this ship for a run at least as far up as Manaos, on the Rio Negro, 1004 miles from the Amazonian mouths. Our experience would be a surprise to Bates and Wallace, or even to Agassiz. Manaos is the real center of the great trade in so-called Para rubber, and in these later days great ships clear direct for this port from New York and various European countries. So we were able to take passage for a thousand miles in this transatlantic liner of 6600 tons, furnishing magnificent accommodations and service, and we are just finishing the run against the powerful current of the rivers in less than three and a half days. We shall get in this evening, but shall not be allowed to land till the morning. Our further plans are a trifle in the air, but we are going to try for passes up the Madeira river for some six hundred miles to the works of the Madeira & Mamoré R. R. Co. Here the government is building some two hundred miles of railroad at enormous expense around the falls and rapids of the Madeira river to tap another thou- sand miles of navigable river running into the heart of the rubber country forming the angle of Bolivia and Peru. The enterprise is largely in the hands of American and English engineers and physi- cians, and we are assured of a warm welcome and much help in collecting if the powers that be decide to send us up. I believe that no land or fresh-water shells have gone out from this Madeira country, so that [ feel sure of getting material of much value if I getany. Likewise my companion, the entomologist, knows of nothing in his line that the country has furnished except some butterfiies, so we are both extremely anxious to getin. If we succeed we shall have at least a month on the ground for actual collecting. Meanwhile we have had a most glorious sail up the Amazon till a couple of hours ago, when we entered the Rio Negro. To avoid the heavy current the ship has hugged the sides of the river, often within a hundred feet, giving us a splendid chance to observe animal and vegetable life at a reasonable range for field-glasses. Animal life has not been plentiful, but it has been interesting. The harpy eagle, parrots, toucans, kingfishers, terns and three species of heron bave 56 THE NAUTILUS. been the most striking birds, with many that we could not place at all. An occasional alligator or crocodile can be seen, but we are surprised at the scarcity of this beast. During every minute of day- light there has been something beautiful and interesting to look at, and the cool nights are as delightful as the days, which are not excessively warm. We are impressed with the fact that few people realize that the round trip can be made from New York to Manaos for $160, with stops of several days at Pard and Manaos, in really fine vessels. Otherwise it seems probable that many people would take the run. The ship’s surgeon is a noted German professor, who takes this method of getting a splendid vacation. P.S. Manaos, July 25,1911. Have just landed and got settled. We learn that we shall be delayed a week waiting the return of the Madeira & Mamoré Co.’s steamer and manager, but we are assured that we shall be sent up to the Madeira river, as we had hoped, free of cost for the trip and living expenses while there. Also we are told that there are land shells about Manaos, so the time will not hang heavily on our hands. A NEW VARIETAL FORM OF SCALA PRETIOSA LINN. BY MAXWELL SMITH. SCALA PRETIOSA (Linn.), n. var. MULTIVARICIFERA. This form differs from the type in the broader shell and greater number of varices. Comparing an average shell with the variety, the number of varices is as follows: Typical form. Var. multivarieifera. Embryonic whorl, Embryonic whorl, Embryonic whorl (?), Embryonic whorl (?), Third whorl, 8 varices, Third whorl, 8 varices, Fourth whorl, 8 varices, Fourth whorl, 8 varices, Fifth whorl, 8 varices, Fifth whorl, 8 varices, Sixth whorl, 8 varices, Sixth whorl, 9 varices, Seventh whorl, 8 varices, Seventh whorl, 11 varices, Body whorl, 10 varices. Body whorl, 15 varices. Around a portion of the body and upper whorl of the variety THE NAUTILUS. 57 before me there is an impressed longitudinal line which interrupts 12 of the varices. When older the animal corrected this irregularity. This line will probably be found absent in other individuals. It seems remarkable that so striking a shell as this form has here- tofore escaped notice. The habitat of the type, which is in the writer’s collection, is supposedly China. NOTE ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF MARGARITANA MONODONTA SAY. BY BRYANT WALKER. In commenting, recentiy, on the distribution of this species (Proc. Mal. Soc., IX, pp. 187-139, 1910), I stated that although it had not been cited from the Ohio east of Cincinnati nor from the tributaries of the Tennessee above Knoxville, in the absence of any records of its occurrence west of the Mississippi, south of Iowa, nor in that river below Adams County, Ills., “the inference would be that its original point of dispersal was in the east, and that it had migrated westward by two routes, one down the Ohio and thence into the Mississippi Valley, and the other down the Tennessee from its tribu- taries or head-waters. That it reached its present range by a migra- tion from the southwest is, in view of the known facts of its present distribution, quite improbable.” Since the above was written some additional data of considerable interest have been received. In the fall of 1910, acting under the instructions of the U. S. Fish Commission, Mr. A. H. Boepple explored the Cumberland River from Pineville, Ky., to Celina, Tenn. In his progress down the river he found I. monodonta at the Sloan Shoals near Burnside, between Eads’ Landing and Rowena, and at Cloyd’s Landing. I have also recently received the species from three localities in the Clinch River, Tenn., viz., near Needham’s Ford and between Kelly and Sharp’s Ford, Union County, and between Agee and Offut, Anderson County. These records definitely determine the occurrence of the species in all of the principal rivers that unite to form the Tennessee, ex- cepting the Powell and the French Broad, and its presence in the Clinch makes it reasonably certain that it will also be found in the former. The head-waters of the latter rise in another, quite differ- 58 THE NAUTILUS. ent region, and it may not be found in it at all, except, perhaps, near its junction with the Holston. The presence of the species in the Cumberland offers a possible explanation for its occurrence in the Ohio below Cincinnati and in the Wabash. But that, of course, can not be definitely determined until all of the southern tributaries of the Ohio, which head in the mountains of West Virginia, have been carefully explored. If the species should be found in the Big Sandy or the Great Kanawha, for instance, it would seem likely that it reached the Ohio from that source, even though, at the present time, it is not found in that river above Cincinnati. But, however that may be, these new records tend to confirm the opinion that the original point of dispersal of the species was in the head-waters of the Tennessee system and that its present distribu- tion is ‘‘ rather the result of an ancient migration from the northeast than one from the southwest.” LAND MOLLUSCA AT TOLLAND, COLORADO. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, On August 23 and 24 my wife and I collected snails at Tolland, in Gilpin county, Colorado, at an altitude of 8900 to 9000 feet. The list of species, though short, may be of interest on account of the high altitude, and the addition of one species to the Colorado list. Agriolimax campestris montanus (Ingersoll). Variable, some very dark. Vitrina alaskana Dall. Abundant. Euconulus fulvus alaskensis Pilsbry, abundant. Vitrea radiatula electrina var. alba (Jeffreys) Taylor. One. Zonitoides arboreus (Say). Common under Populus tremuloides. Punctum pygmeum minutissimum (Lea). My wife found two by carefully searching over dead leaves from the Populus tremuloides zone. I believe only one specimen of this species has previously been found in Colorado. Taylor (Monog. L. & F. W. Moll. Brit Is.) cites Willow Creek and Cloudcroft, but the latter locality is in New Mexico. Sphyradium edentulum alticola (Ingersoll) The adult is over THE NAUTILUS. 59 24 mm. long, and is to be compared with the European variety columella (Von Mart.) or gredlert (Clessin). Vallonia cyclophorella Ancey. Abundant. Pyramidula cronkhitet anthonyt Pilsbry. Not uncommon. Cochlicopa lubrica (Miller). One. Pupilla muscorum (L.). Several of the typical edentate form. Pupilla blandi Morse. Common. Pupilla syngenes dextroversa P.& V. New to Colorado. One shell, 4 mm. long, nearly 2 broad; whorls 74, the upper ones not swollen as in typical P. syngenes. Vertigo modesta parietalis (Ancey). Common. Rather small for parietalis, but over 2 mm. long; palatal plicz long, as in concinnula; shell clear chestnut; aperture strongly elbowed above. This is apparently a distinct race, between parietalis and concinnula, but hardly recognizable by a separate name. Ancey’s name, ingersolli, certainly included such forms as this, and could be so restricted without much risk of error. NOTES. Norte on EPIPHRAGMOPHORA INFUMATA GLD.—In Mr. Edson’s interesting paper on the Land Mollusca of San Matee Point, Cali- fornia (on the western shore of San Francisco Bay), in the June Nauvti.us (Vol. xxv, p. 17), occurs a statement as to the habitat of E. infumata Gld. which needs correction. While he states the southern limit of this form as Santa Rosa, which is about 50 miles north of San Francisco, I have collected it for many years on the eastern side of San Francisco Bay, in Alameda county. In his Manual of American Land Shells (U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull., No. 28), Mr. Binney also mentions the Bay region and Alameda county as its home as far back as the year 1885. ‘The shells found here are the extreme form of this species (or var. of £. fidelis?), being black, highly carinate, heavily hirsute, and bearing the scales mentioned by Dr. Gould in his description well marked, as distinguished from the specimens from Marin county and further north. As to the typical Z. fidelis, collected at San Mateo Point by Mr. Gifford, it seems clear that they were chance specimens or exotic. I might hazard an opinion that this form became introduced through the oyster traffic in which, years ago, the native Washington bivalve 60 THE NAUTILUS. was brought to our Bay in large quantities, or it may have been planted there.—Frep L. Butron, Oakland, Cal., July 20, 1911. EPrIPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS.—I note in the NauTILus for June, 1911, that Mr. Harry Edson regards my record of Epiphragmophora jidelis from San Mateo Point, California, as erroneous. I would state that the specimens were LH. fidelis without the slightest doubt Furthermore, I again collected living specimens in the same locality on August 14, 1910.—E. W. Girrorp. LYMN#ZA AURICULARIA LINNE In Canapa.—On July 23, 1911, I found Lymneza auricularia Linné inhabiting a chain of pools on the beach of Lake Erie at Kingsville, Ontario, about opposite San- dusky. Young individuals were fairly numerous, but the only ma- ture shell seen was a dead one.—Joun A. ALLEN. LocaLity FOR PoLyGyRa (TRIODOPSIS) OBSTRICTA Say.— Beyond Murphreesboro (Tennessee) there is a road turning square to the right from the main pike. About half or three-quarters of a mile out, on the right-hand side of the road, is the only good locality I ever found for obstricta. . There they were..typical, large, fine shells. They were found about dead logs and old stumps.—A. G. WETHERBY, in letter, about 1898. LimMax MAXIMUS ON NANTUCKET IsLAND.—When recently at the town of Nantucket, Mass., I found Limax maximus well estab- lished. There were two varietal forms: (1) Mantle spotted, the spots partly confluent; body marbled and with four gray-brown bands, the two inner with blackish spots. (2) Mantle marbled; body gray with three light bands, the inner rather dark edged. I also found Agriolimax agrestis at Nantucket; likewise on Cutty- hunk, where it was the only terrestrial species 1 could find. I take this opportunity to note that Helix hortensis var. bicolor Ckll., 1891 (shell pink with upper part of spire yellow), is preoccu- pied by var. bicolor Picard, 1840. My variety may be named dichroa.—T. D. A. COCKERELL. Dr. ARNOLD ORTMANN has recently returned from a successful campaign for Unionidx in West Virginia. 7. ame Rage Ee OS ont nese * o 7 pete ces x oo ae ati ~ vs OF THE: ERS or sino a * — ee e PROFESSOR JOSIAH KEEP THE NAUTILUS. VoL. XXV. OCTOBER, 1911. No. 6 PROFESSOR JOSIAH KEEP.' BY WM. H. DALL. Professor Keep, whose death, July 27th last, at Pacific Grove, California, was recently announced, was born in Paxton, Mass., in 1849, and was a graduate of Leicester Academy and Amherst Col- lege (1874), taking his Master’s degree as a postgraduate student in 1877. Inthat year he married Amelia Caroline Holman, of Lei- cester, Mass., and went to California. There he taught in the Golden Gate Academy and the Alameda High School, being princi- pal of the latter from 1881 to 1885, In 1885 he became Professor of the Natural Sciences in Mills College, which, from small begin- nings as a private seminary for girls, has through the efforts and generosity of its founders developed into a well-equipped and charm- ingly situated college, the Wellesley of the Pacific Coast. Here Professor Keep found his life-work as teacher and coadjutor with the still surviving founder, Mrs. Mills, and saw the branches of science originally confided to him alone, by degrees represented in the teaching force by a number of competent instructors, while he retained for himself the subjects of geology and astronomy. With the wide general: knowledge required by his field of work, it was of course impossible for him to be a specialist in any, but his deep interest had been aroused in the study of the mollusca in which the Pacific Coast is so rich. Between 1881 and 1911 he published a series of what might be called primers of west-coast shells, illus- trated with figures, enabling the beginner to gain a preliminary 1 From Science, October, 1911. 62 THE NAUTILUS. knowledge of the attractive shells of California. To these little books we may fairly ascribe much of the wide-spread interest which is to-day found among Californians and which by the codperation of amateurs with specialists, has immensely increased our knowledge of the Pacific Coast fauna. The last of these manuals was published only shortly before his death. Professor Keep was one of the founders of the Chautauqua Assembly which meets at Pacific Grove, and frequently lectured to its classes on his favorite subject. He was also one of the most earnest supporters of the Museum and Library at Pacific Grove. Modest, courteous, indefatigable and enthusiastic, he was primarily a teacher and organizer; beloved by his classes and appreciated by those reached through his books and so led to the study of nature. In his unassuming way he has done a good work and found his re- ward in doing it. He leaves a widow, son and daughter to mourn his loss. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE LOCOMOTIVE DISK OF STYLOMMATOPHORA. BY V. STERKI.! During the last years some additional observations on this subject were made. Nearly all of the species mentioned in the former article have been seen again and the data were verified, and some others were examined. ‘To repeat, there are marked differences in this respect, between species, genera and groups apparently or really closely related, especially among the Zonitidxe, and these features have probably much significance in classification, in connection with the formation of the lateral (marginal) longitudinal groove or grooves, on the upper surface of the foot (pedal grooves), and possibly the presence or absence of the caudal mucus gland, as pointed out, e. g., by Dr. Pilsbry.2. More observations and morphological and ana- tomical examination are needed on the subject. Lonitide. Omphalina fuliginosa (Griff.). The median zone was seen (or 1 See article in Tus Nautitus, XXII, p. 49, 1908. 2In the generic position of Patulastra * * * with suggestions of a classifi- cation of the American Zonitide, Tun Navtiuvs, IX, p. 19. THE NAUTILUS. 63 appeared) to extend to the very posterior end of the sole, and each wave starts there. O. inornata (Say). Foot very long and slender; zones rather distinct, narrow, but widening to nearly the whole width of the sole at the anterior end. Apparently there is an additional marginal zone along each margin, quite narrow and whitish. Waves distinct in the median zone, about 10 simultaneously. O. levigata perlevis (Pils.) (from Ky.). Three zones slightly marked, not in color, which is grayish with a slight olive tinge. Waves plainly visible, aboute8. Vitrea [= Hyalina| wheatleyi (Bld.). Sole very narrow; zones rather distinct, even with slight furrows marking them when the sole is detached ; the median about the width of the marginals, in the middle, wider near the anterior end. Waves distinct in the anterior two-thirds (as in radiatula), V. draparnaldi (Beck). Sole narrow; three zones distinct, the median slightly wider than the marginals, very narrow posteriorly, and not reaching the posterior end. Here also, when the sole is de- tached from the substratum, there are two rather deep sulci between the zones. Waves distinct, 8-10, in rapid succession ; anterior end of the foot progressing with a slight jerk as each wave reaches it. Margin of the foot above marked off by two longitudinal furrows (on each side). Gastrodonta intertexta (Binn.). No zones marked, not a trace of waves, just asin G. ligera. The margin of the foot above, outside of the longitudinal furrow, is rather broad and of a more yellowish tinge than the balance of the dorsum. G. suppressa var.?* No zones, and no waves seen, even in direct sunlight, transmitted. Euconulus chersinus (Say). No waves seen; no zones on the sur- face; zones slightly marked internally in transmitted light (as it would be in all snails). Limacide. Limax maximus L. Sole with three zones rather sharply defined, the median rather narrower than the marginals. Waves very dis- tinct, about 20 in large specimens, from very near the tail end, each 1 Rather large, with higher spire; a heavy deposit (callus) in the last whorl near the aperture, but no lamelle ; may be distinct. 64 THE NAUTILUS. wave (= muscle contraction) much shorter than the interval (in space). Agriolimax agrestis (l.).!. Three zones distinct, the median, rather narrow, does not reach the anterior end, so the marginal is continuous all around, Waves distinct, about 16 (in specimens 35 mm. long) in rapid succession. Arionide. Arion rubellus {St.* A slightly and not sharply marked median zone, wider towards the anterior end, somewhat hyaline, that is: with few or none of the yellowish opaque (glandular ?) granules dis- seminated in the rest of the sole. Waves visible, but not distinctly, more remote from the surface of the sole than in Polygyra and Limazx, and more remote from each other than in Agriolimax agrestis, and proceeding slower. Philonaycide. Philomyeus dorsalis (Binn.). No well marked zones, and no waves seen. Helicide— Polygyrine. Some additional Polygyr@ examined show essentially the same features as those noted before ; all with distinct zones and waves. P. albolabris (Say). Foot and sole light-colored, not drab, and color in the three zones little different ; waves about 12. P. multilineata (Say). Sole drab-colored ; waves 9-10. P. appressa (Say). Sole long and narrow; waves 10-11, com- paratively numerous for the size of the snail. P. stenotrema (Fér.). Waves about 7. P. hirsuta (Say). Median zone grayish, marginal dull, pale red- dish to purplish, with strongly marked transverse lines. Waves about 7. Pupide. Bifidaria pentodon (Say). Foot very short ; zones not evident on the sole; waves distinct, about 8, extending over nearly the whole width of the sole. 1 From one place (in Lake Co,, Ohio) several dozen were collected, showing extremes of color: from whitish without any dark mottlings to almost entirely black ; some of a tan to brownish tint, 2From a nursery in Lake Co,, Ohio. Appears to be distinct from hortensis ; described about 1682 ; European, THE NAUTILUS. 65 THE NOMENCLATURE OF HARPA. BY CHARLES HEDLEY. Australian Museum, Sydney, N. S. Wales. Application of the law of priority to the genus Harpa is attended with the usual wreckage of familiar names. Not having observed any recent adjustment of this nomenclature, I offer the following notes : The generic name of Harpa, as Dr. W. H. Dall has pointed out (Journ. of Conch., XI, 1906, p. 296), should be ascribed to Bolten (Mus. Bolt. [2], 1798, p. 149), not as in Fisher’s Manual, to Rumphius, who was prenomial, or to Lamarck, who was a year later. According to Hanley’s examination of Linnean types (Ipsa Linn. Conch., 1855, p. 251), Harpa nobilis Lamarck, usurps the place of Buccinum harpa Linn., which should become Harpa harpa Linn. Yet most writers followed Lamarck in reducing Buccinum harpa to the synonymy of Harpa ventricosa Lamarck. Hanley continues to show that by Bucctnum costatum Linn. is meant Harpa imperialis Lamarck. Deshayes (An. s. vert., X, 1844, p. 129, footnote) had already censured Lamarck for his super- fluous name, and recommended the restoration of Harpa costata Linn. Bolten was the first to separate binomially the species that Linné had confused. For one of these, illustrated by Martini, figure 1090, be proposed (op. cit., p. 149) the name Harpa major. Lamarck later included the same figure of Martini in the synonymy of the species he proposed to call Harpa ventricosa. | Similarly for the species illustrated in the Conchylien Cabinet by fig. 1092, Bolten proposed Harpa davidis, and for the same Lamarck subsequently introduced Harpa articularis. Again, to the shell shown by Martini in fig. 1094, Bolten gave the name of Harpa doris, for which Lamarck afterwards substituted Harpa rosea. Finally, Bolten gave the name of Harpa amouretta to a species illustrated by his predecessors, figure 1097. This later served to express the Harpa minor of Lamarck. Suter (Deutsch. Malak. Ges. Jahrbuch, IV, 1877, p. 129), divided the genus into sixteen recent species. ‘These Tryon re- 66 THE NAUTILUS. duced to nine (Man. Conch., V, 1883, p. 97). Adding a distinct Australian species to the latter estimate, the genus will stand thus (synonyms in italics). Harpa Bolten, 1798 = Harpa Lamarck, 1799. . harpa Linné, 1758 = AH. nobilis Lam., 1822. . costata Linné, 1758 = H. imperialis Lam., 1822. . major Bolten, 1798 = H. ventricosa Lam., 1822. davai Bolten, (780 OH. slain Lam., 1822. ( H. conoidalis Lam., 1822. . doris Bolten, 1788 = H. rosea Lam., 1822. . amouretta Bolten, 1798 = H. minor Lam., 1822. . cancellata Bolten, 1798 = H. striata Lam., 1822, . crenata Swainson, 1822. . gracilis Broderip. and Sowerby, 1829. . punctata Verco, 1896. Cooter ek eo MOLLUSKS OF WELLESLEY ISLAND AND VICINITY, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. BY FRANK C. BAKER. Several years ago the writer spent two weeks at Thousand Island Park, and a collection of the mollusks of the nearby region was made. Local lists from this part of New York State are lacking, and the following catalogue may be of interest for this reason. The locali- ties where collections were made are as follows, all being in Jeffer- son County, N. Y.: 1. Goose Island, near Wellesley Island. 2. South Bay, Wellesley Island. 3. Blind Bay, New York shore. 4. Watson’s Point, Wellesley Island. 5. Thousand Island Park, Wellesley Island. 6. Lake Waterloo, Wellesley Island. The Thousand Islands lie in the head of the St. Lawrence at the outlet of Lake Ontario. Wellesley Island is one of the large islands. It is high and rocky, the rocks being granitic. It is well wooded over a rolling surface, with here and there a pond or swamp. rHE NAUTILUS. PELECYPODA. Lampsilis ventricosa (Barnes), Station 2, rare. Lampsilis radiata (Dillwyn). Stations 1, 2, common. Anodonta marginata (Say). Station 2, common. Unio nasutus (Say). Stations 1, 2, common. Unio complanatus (Solander). Stations 1, 2, common. GASTROPODA. Campeloma decisum (Say). Station 6, rare. Campeloma integrum obesum (Lewis). Stations 2, 3, rare. Valvata lewisii (Currier). Station 2, rare. Bythinia tentaculata (Linn.), Station 5, common. Goniobasis livescens (Menke). Stations 2, 6, common. Physa gyrina (Say). Station 5, common. Planorbis trivolvis (Say). Stations 2, 4, 6, common. Planorbis binneyi (Tryon). Station 2, common. Planorbis bicarinatus (Say). Station 2, common. Planorbis campanulatus (Say). Stations 2, 4, 6, common. Planorbis parvus (Say). Station 5, rare. Planorbis hirsutus (Gould). Station 5, common. Segmentina armigera (Say). Stations 2, 6, common. Lymnexa stagnalis appressa (Say). Stations 2, 3, common. Galba palustris (Miller). Stations 2, 5, 6, common. Strobilops labyrinthica (Say). Station 4, not common. Bifidaria contracta (Say). Station 5, common. Succinea ovalis (Say). Station 5, common. Succinea retusa (Lea). Stations 4, 5, common. Polygyra tridentata (Say). Station 5, common. Polygyra albolabris (Say). Station 5, common. Polygyra fraterna (Say). Stations 4, 5, common. Circinaria concava (Say). Station 4, not common. Vitrea hammonis (Strom). Stations 4, 5, common. Vitrea indentata (Say). Station 5, common. Euconulus fulvus (Miill). Station 4, rare. Zonitoides arboreus (Say). Stations 4, 5, common. Agriolimax campestris (Binney). Station 5, common. Philomycus carolinensis (Bosc.). Station 5, rare. Pyramidula alternata (Say). Stations 4, 5, common. Helicodiscus parallelus (Say). Station 4, common. 67 68 THE NAUTILCS. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS, AND THE SHELLS COMMONLY CALLED VARIETIES THEREOF. BY HENRY M. EDSON. My attention was first attracted to the complexity of the nomen- clature of this group two years ago, while trying to identify a shell which afterwards proved to be a deformed pip. nickliniana Lea. Since then I have made a very careful study of the group, and have collected over the entire distribution area, and particularly at the type localities. Dr. H. A. Pilsbry’s' catalogue of American land shells was the last work of any scientific value dealing with these species, so I have taken that as a base from which to work, and will discuss separately each of the varieties he retained, and afterwards give my conclu- sions. ‘The following shells were retained in his list : Epip. californiensis Lea. | E pip. californiensis, var. nickliniana Lea. Epip. californiensis, var. anachoreta W. G. B. Epip. californiensis, var. ramentosa Gld. Epip. californiensis, var. bridgesi Newc. Epip. californiensis, var. diabloensis J. G. C. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS Lea. This is a species of the maritime region of the Upper Sonoran faunal belt, of very limited distribution. It is found most abund- antly at Point Pinos, Monterey Co., collected sparingly at Point Cypress and Point Lobos, and at a few intermediate localities cover- ing a distance of about twenty miles. Itis usually found in the loose sand at the base of plants and small shrubs; I have counted as many as one hundred collected around the roots of a purple sea aster. The young shells are conical with closed umbilicus. EPIpP. CALIFORNIENSIS, var. NICKLINIANA Lea. This is a subspecies of the wooded zone of the Upper Sonoran belt, but overlaps into the Humid Transitional. It shows great variation, which fact was early recognized by Dr. Newcomb.’ It is widely 1 NAUTILUS, xi, 1897. Amer, Jour. Conch,, I, p. 342, 1865, THE NAUTILUS. 69 distributed, extending from north of Santa Rosa, south on both sides of San Francisco bay to Monterey on the coast, and San Benito Co. in the interior. In a shell of so large a distribution it stands to reason that there will be variation, caused by lack of lime for shell-making in some cases, and in other cases to lack of moisture. It has been my ex- perience that the shells collected in wet places were larger, with a more open umbilicus, than those from the more arid regions. That nickliniana Lea is a variety of californiensis Lea I can find no proof. The young of californiensis are high-spired with closed umbilicus, the shells do not show the reticulated surface to any ex- tent, and it is strictly a maritime species ; while the young of nicklin- tana are planulate with an open umbilicus, the shells always show the reticulated surface, and it inhabits the moister spots in the wooded zone. That nicklintana and ramentosa are identical no one can doubt who has studied and collected them. I have in my collection a set of twenty nickliniana from a small canyon in the foothills back of Palo Alto, from which it is possible to select as many different forms, running from a high spire with the lip almost entirely reflected over the umbilicus to low spire with a widely-open umbilicus. The reticu- lated surface and the purplish color of the nacre inside the aperture are present in all of the forms of nickliniana. In some localities the color band is obsolete. EH. nickliniana might be called the typical mollusk of the Upper Sonoran fauna belt in the central portion of the Coast Range system. EPpiIpP. CALIFORNIENSIS, var. ANACHORETA W. G. B. This was a deformed nickliniana, and was so recognized by Mr. Binney’ in later writings. EPIP. CALIFORNIENSIS, var. RAMENTOSA Gld. A small form of nicklintana from Bolinas, which does not differ from nickliniana except in size. I have a set from the same locality, which run from large to small, with both open and closed umbilicus. EPIP. CALIFORNIENSIS, var. BRIDGESI Newe. Described from a solitary dead shell from San Pablo, in which 1Bull, 28, U.S, N. M., p. 132, 1885. 70 THE NAUTILUS. Dr. Newcomb failed to recognize the connecting link between ramentosa and nickliniana. He says, ‘‘ Its nearest approach to any described California species is to H. ramentosa Gld., which is much smaller in size, more solid in structure, with a more depressed spire, lighter color and more scaly granulations; from H. nickliniana Lea it is readily distinguished by its large umbilicus and difference in form.”’ Mr. Binney ’ placed it in the synonymy of ramentosa. EPiIP. CALIFORNIENSIS, var. DIABLOENSIS J. G. C. This was another solitary dead shell, in the California State Col- lection, which was supposed * to have been collected in the Mount Diablo range by Prof. Brewer of the Geological Survey, who crossed the range near New Idria, in lat. 36° 30’, a distance of about two hundred miles south of Mount Diablo, which later writers have given as the type locality of diabloensis. I fail to see anything in Cooper’s description which in any way shows an affinity with this group, and suspect that the specimen was a form of traski. I have traski from Coalinga, which is about twenty miles south of New Idria, that fit the description very well. The shell figured by Binney,* Fig. 113, seems to me to be identical with the one figured as bridgesz, Fig. 109, and most certainly the shells from the vicinity of Mount Diablo are not the diabloensis of Cooper. A list of the principal synonymy follows: EPIp. CALIFORNIENSIS Lea. Helix californiensis Lea, Obs., II, 99, 1839. Helix vincta Val., Voy de la Venus, Moll. pl. I, fig. 2. EPiIpP. NICKLINIANA Lea. Felix nickliniana Lea, Obs., II, 100, 1839. Helix californiensis Reeve, Con. Icon., no. 66. Helix arboretorum Val., Voy de la Venus, pl. 1, fig. 3. 1Proc. Cal, Acad. Sci., II, p. 91, 1861. 2 Bull, 26, 0, 8..N..M,, p. 133, 1885, 3J. G. Cooper, Proc, Cal. Acad. Sci., III, p. 260, 1866. 4Bull. 28, U. S. N. M., p. 134, 1885. THE NAUTILUS. TE Helix nemorivaga Val., Voy de la Venus, pl. 1, fig. 1. Helix ramentosa Gld., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 11, 1845. Helix anachoreta W. G. B., Proc. Phil. Acad., 185, 1857. Helix reticulata Pfr., Mal. Blatt., 87, 1857. Helix bridgestt Newc., Proc. Cal. Acad., II, p. 91, 1866. Artonta californiensis, var. nickliniana W. G. B., Bull. 28, 1885. EXTRACTS FROM THE LOG OF THE EOLIS. BY JOHN B. HENDERSON, JK. The following extracts taken from the log-book of the Holts are offered to the NauTitus readers at the editor’s suggestion. The Eolis is a fifty-foot motor cruising yacht built by the writer es- pecially for the purpose of dredging, and is provided with hoisting machinery, etc. At the time of these entries in the log the boat was cruising in south Florida waters, with Key West, and later, Tortugas, as headquarters. Mr. George H. Clapp, of Pittsburgh, was on board during both cruises. The passages from the log are taken quite at random: “‘ April 18, 1910” (in the Hawk Channel). “. .. coming in sight of Loue Key, a mere patch of coral sand on an exposed bit of the outer Florida Reef, we decide to try for some reef collecting, the tide being favorable. We run the Zolis almost to the key on the lee side, but with breakers all about us. The Captain, Clapp and I go ashore in the tender, leaving the Holts rolling in uncomfortably shoal water. It is difficult here to record the first impressions of this our first experience on a tropical reef. At last the fine ones are to be had for the picking. In nervous haste we turn over the coral slabs and inspect their under sides. There they are, bright, shin- ing, alive and beautiful: Cypraea cinerea and spurca, Conus mus and floridana, Mitra barbaderis and nodulosa, one excellent specimen of Mitra fergusont, Cassis, Pisania, Trivia, Oliva, Olivella, and so on. The wash of the surf over the coral rocks where we are col- lecting, deprives us, I am sure, of many specimens, both by hiding them from sight and by washing them away. .. . Our catch, in two rather strenuous hours’ work, is amazing in quantity and quality . arrive in Key West at 3 p. m.” “ April 19, 1910” (Key West). “4 a. m.—Start for outer y THE NAUTILUS. channel buoy, cross the reef and put to sea for a few hauls on the edge of the Gulf Stream. Weather fine, sea smooth . . . 3d haul in 110 fathoms on a rocky rough bottom made even more difficult to negotiate by the strength of the current. We are now fairly on the ‘Pourtales Plateau,’ that narrow strip of sea-bottom which is pure gold in our imaginations. Possibly we expect too much from this happy hunting ground of Pourtales, for whatever may be its reputed treasures they are certainly well protected by the nature of their surroundings. This haul, made with great difficulty, brings up some fine brachiopods, some very beautiful Marginellas, and Eureka! Voluta dohrni. I am sure Clark will appreciate the wonderful yellow sea-urchins. . . .” «April 22,1910. ... What a day this has been on Sand Key Reef. Were it not that the keen edge of our excitement has been dulled by a day on Loue Key Reef I am sure some of us would have become ‘dippy.’ As it is, our conduct to any chance observer might have raised suspicions. We danced and sang and called to each other in our eagerness to exhibit new things discovered. We must all drop everything and go over there to see the beautiful calico- patterned orange-colored mantle of Ultimus gibbosus, or all must hurry over here to see this octopus before he succeeds in wholly effacing himself. We fairly reveled in Cypraea, Conus (especially very fine C. nebulosus), Mitra, Pisania, Pecten, Columbella, Margi- nella, Calliostoma, Turbo, Purpura, Latirus, Phos, Tritonidea, Lima, Avicula, Lithodomus, ete., ete. . . . Blow, blow, blow, will it ever stop blowing so we may go to work outside again? We pick over siftings for hours until our eyes rebel against the strain. The amount of small and minute stuff is astonishingly great in the sift- ings. ‘So much of this escapes detection when the material is wet. A most gratifying number of species of Drillia, Mangilia, and other Pleurotomids turn up this way. Especially noteworthy are the pretty Anctstrocyrinx radiata and Niso interrupta, both of which have a Chinese or Japanese appearance, Numbers of Pyramidellids are appearing in the pickings. We all like these graceful highly- sculptured little shells; the crew call them ‘peakers.’ I hope Bartsch will not get too much discouraged when he sees them. There are so many little bivalves that I have never seen before, and indeed many Gasteropods of genera wholly unknown to me. . . .” (To be continued.) mee NAUTILUS. VoL. XXV. NOVEMBER, 1911. No. 7 COLLECTING SHELLS FROM THE ABALONE. BY T. S. OLDROYD. At White’s Point, four miles from San Pedro, California, is a station for the Japanese abalone gatherers. They go around to the different islands and places along the main shore where they are plentiful. The divers, in their suits, go down in from two to six or eight fathoms, pry the shells from the rocks, and put them in a sling net, and they are hauled on deck, the average day’s work being from one to two tons. They are brought to the station, where the meat is taken out, boiled, dried in the sun, packed in cans and shipped, mostly to China, I am told, where they are considered quite a deli- cacy. The shells are piled up on shore, and are sold to jewelry and novelty manufacturers. The red abalone (Haliotis rufescens Swains.) they get on the island of Santa Cruz and places to the north of here, while the Green Abalone (Haliotis fulgens Phil.), the corrugated (Haliotis corrugata Gray), and the black (Halotis eracherodit Leach) are found further south. The shells are not things of beauty to look at in their natural state, most of them being badly worm-eaten and covered with moss, barnacles and Vermetus tubes ; Lithophagus plumula Hanl., and Pholadidia sagitta Stearns bore holes in the shells and sometimes bore through and the animal has to protect itself by covering them over with patches of nacre. Among the moss barnacles and Vermetus, are ideal protected places for the small and microscopic shells to live in. None of these live on the abalone exclusively, but in the protected places in the rocks and stones, as well. I do not know as they prefer the Haliotis to 74 THE NAUTILUS. the rocks, but I think he is a good-natured inoffensive big fellow and does not eat up his little neighbors and companions, We have a Barleeia that is said to be a lover of the Haliotis, but I have found but very few of them, the Odostomia being by far the most plentiful. When it gets dull on the farm and we want a day’s outing, Mrs, Oldroyd and myself go to White’s Point for a day’s collecting. We do not have to wait for a low tide or go near the water, but make us a comfortable seat at one of these large piles of shells and pick off the little shells till we get tired. We find out where the abalone comes from so as to get the locality of the small shells. The following list is what we got in a few days’ collecting, but this is nowhere near the limit to what might be found. ‘They were determined from others in our collection, which were determined at Washington through the kindness of Doctors Dall and Bartsch : Odostomia tenuisculpta Cpr. Leptothyra bacula Cpr. Odostomia straminea Cpr. Phasianella pulliodes Cpr. Odostomia helga D. & B. Eulithidium substriatum Cpr. Marginella varia Sby. Calliostoma supergranosum Cpr. Marginella regularis Cpr. Erato columbella Mke. Marginella pyriformis Cpr. Lacuna unifasciata Cpr. Marginella jewettii Cpr. Isapis fenestrata Cpr. Diala marmorea Cpr. Megatebennus bimaculatus Dall. Diala acuta Cpr. Amphissa versicolar Dall. Triforis catalenensis Bartsch. Mitramorpha aspera Cpr. Triforis montereyensis Bartsch. Mitramorpha filosa Cpr. Kulima distorta Cpr. Columbella penicillata Cpr. Jeffreysia bifasciata Cpr. Barleeia subtenuis Cpr. Jeffreysia translucens Gld. Barleeia haliotiphila Cpr. Rissoina dalli Bartsch. Placiphorella velata Cpr. Rissoa grippiana Dall. Anachis subturrita Cpr. Ethalia supravallata Cpr. Lepidopleurus oldroydi Bartsch. Vitrinella oldroydi Bartsch. Lepidopleurus nexus Cpr. Cerithiopsis assimilata C. B. Ad. Acanthochites diegoensis Pils. Cerithiopsis cosmia Bartsch. Trachydermon dentiens Gld. Bittium quadrifilatum Cpr. Crepidula dorsata Brod. Bittium rugatum Cpr. Lyonsia inflata Conr. Turbonilla buttoni D. & B. Lima dehiscens Conr. Turbonilla tenuicula Gld. Cardita subquadrata Cpr. THE NAUTILUS. 75 Kellia laperousii Desh. Lasea rubra Cpr. Saxicava arctica Linn. Bryophila setosa Cpr. Sphaenia californica Conr. Hipponix tumens Cpr. Mangilia nitens Cpr. Aesopus myrmacoon Dall. Tornatina harpa Dall. Leptothyra paucicostata Dall. Leptothyra paucicostata var. rubra Dall. LAND SHELLS OF MONROE CO., PENNSYLVANIA. BY H. A. PILSBRY. During September, 1909, I spent a couple of weeks at Bartons- ville, Monroe Co., Pa., and employed some of my leisure in collect- ing shells. The country rock is a shale of Hamilton age. The shells were mostly taken on a steep, stony, wooded hillside facing east, and in a pasture under stones. ‘The species taken are for the greater part common. See also Nautitus XXI, p. 67, where Mr. Joshua Baily, Jr., lists Monroe County shells. Vitrea indentata (Say). Euconulus chersinus (Say). Zonitoides arborea (Say). Zonitoides minuscula (Binn.). Gastrodonta suppressa (Say). Succinea ovalis Say. Vallonia excentrica St. Polygyra albolabris (Say). Polygyra tridentata (Say). Polygyra fraterna (Say). Polygyra hirsuta (Say). Pyramidula alternata (Say). Pyramidula cronkhitei catskill- ensis (Pils.). Helicodiscus parallelus (Say). Punctum pygmeum (Drap.). Sphyradium edentulum (Drap.). Vitrea hammonis (Strom). Vitrea rhoadsi (Pils.). Vallonia costata (Mull.). Bifidaria pentodon (Say). Vertigo ovata Say. Vertigo gouldi Binn. Cochlicopa lubrica (Miull.). NEW CUBAN UROCOPTIDG, II. BY PROFESSOR CARLOS DE LA TORRE. (Concluded from p. 48.) Urocorrtis (GONGYLOSTOMA) TURGIDA D. sp. Shell rimate, swollen-cylindric, rapidly tapering to a truncate cone above; suture simple. Whorls 8-9, a little convex. Brown, mar- 76 THE NAUTILUS. bled with zigzag whitish flames; last whorl violet-brown. Surface shining, weakly ribbed striate. Aperture large, transversely ovate- oblong, with the internal axial fold strong. Axis encircled by two, rarely three, compressed lamelle, the lowest broadly expanded in the last two whorls; other axial characters as in U. proteus. Long. 25, diam. 8.6, ap. long. 6.2, ap. diam. 5.2. Whaorls 9. Long. 20, diam. 7.5, ap. long. 5.6, ap. diam. 5. Whorls 8. Long. 22, diam. 8.6, ap. long. 6, ap. diam. 5. Whorls 8.5. Var. ‘“¢a.’”’ Smaller, more swollen-fusiform. Long. from 16 to 19 mm.; diam. 7 to 8 mm. Central Cuba; Sierra de Bamburanao near Seibabo de Yaguajay, province of Santa Clara. This may be regarded as a more obese member of the U. proteus group. Both forms live in the same locality, but U. proteus dwells under stones, while U. turgida finds a permanent habitat on the upper side of stones. URocopris (GONGYLOSTOMA) UBERRIMA, DN. sp. Shell rimate, ovate-oblong, very inflated, more swollen above the middle and rapidly terminating in a narrow concave truncation ; somewhat solid; pale chestnut colored indistinctly clouded with darker brown and with whitish areas, last whorl purplish brown. Surface obliquely regularly rib-striate ; suture simple. Whorls 7-8, a little convex, the last shortly free in front, with a cord-like keel around the base. Aperture transversely ovate, brown within, the peristome, columella and upper wall, white. Axial fold prominent. Peristome expanded and reflexed. Axis encircled by two subequal lamelle above the middle, somewhat stout, and by three lamellz in the antepenultimate and penultimate whorls, the lower the largest. Long. 17, diam. 8.2, ap. diam. 4.5, ap. long. 5.2. Whorls 8. Long. 14.5, diam. 8, ap. diam. 4.3, ap. long. 5. Whorls 7. Long. 16, diam. 8, ap. diam. 4.2, ap. long. 5. Whorls 7.5. Central Cuba; Sierra de Santa Rosa, between Remedios and Seibabo de Yaguajay, Prov. of Santa Clara. Differs from U. turgida by its smaller size, obovate shape, less distinct color pattern, and by the axis. Urocorrtis (GONGYLOSTOMA) INTUSCOARCTATA, N. sp. Shell similar externally to U. cioniscus but the axis bears two THE NAUTILUS. 77 small sub-equal compressed lamella above, the upper one disappear- ing or becoming a low cord at the middle, and the lower, denticulate above, expands in the antepenultimate whorl into a somewhat upward flaring broad plate, asin U. fabreana: in the last two whorls this lamella is reduced again, almost disappearing in the last one. Long. 29, diam. 6, apert. diam. 5.38, Whorls 13. Long. 23, diam. 5.6, apert. diam. 5. Whorls 10. Long. 25, diam. 6, apert. diam. 5.2. Whorls 10. Central Cuba; Sierra de Canoa at Las Llanadas, District of Mayajigua, Province of Santa Clara. This species belongs to the Section Hsochara Pils. and Van., and is near U. fabreana, but differs in color, the close riblets, whorls more convex, and chiefly by the upper lamella of the axis not being obsolete above. Affinities with U. intermedia, etc., are evident. Urocoptis (GONGYLOSTOMA) DIMIDIATA, N. sp. Shell very similar externally to U. turgida, though differing in color, the whitish flames being fewer and less undulated. Axis (as in U. strangulata) ‘“‘ with two spiral lamelle above, the lower one expanding in a broad, flat plate or spiral disk in the antepenultimate and penultimate whorls, nearly reaching the outer wall of the cavity.” In the last whorl this lamella is reduced and the upper one effaced. Long. 28, diam. 9, ap. diam. maj. 7.2, ap. diam. min. 6.2, whorls 10. Long. 22, diam. 8, ap. diam. maj. 6.6, ap. diam. min. 6, whorls 8. Long. 25, diam. 8.8, ap. diam. maj. 7, ap. diam. min. 6, whorls 9. Central Cuba: Vereda de los Boqueles, over the mountain near Aguada, district of Mayajigua, province of Santa Clara. The rejected portion of the spire (7 to 8 whorls) rapidly and con- cavely tapering, striate, with the two and one-half embryonic whorls smooth, corneous and slightly bulbous. Differs from U. strangulata by its swollen shell, color pattern, less widely-spaced riblets, larger and transversely ovate aperture, etc. From U. intuscoarctata differs by these same characters and also by the more expanded disk of the lower lamella, and the upper one effaced only in the last whorl. U. DIMIDIATA INTERMEDIA, N. var. Differs from typical U. dimidiata in more slender contour of shell. Its color is corneous, with occasional inconspicuous brown streaks. Aperture sub-circular. 78 THE NAUTILUS. Long. 26, diam. 6.8, ap. diam. 5.4, whorls 11. Long. 21, diam. 6, ap. diam. 5, whorls 9. Long. 28, diam. 6.5, ap. diam. 5.2, whorls 9.5. On stones: Vereda del Chorreron, near Aguada, in the district of Mayajigua, province of Santa Clara. An entire small specimen contains 16 whorls and has a length of 25mm. ‘This variety is somewhat similar to U. fallax, but internally it is intermediate between U. dimidiata and U. intuscoarctata. Urocorrtis (GONGYLOSTOMA) ALVEARIS, 0. sp. Shell thin, shortly rimate, oblong, widest above the middle; spire tapering to a very short truncate cone; brown, becoming purple-brown on last whorl. Sculptured with narrow, oblique, whitish ribs sepa- rated by spaces about four times width of ribs. Whorls 7-9, slightly convex, the last very shortly free, its base defined by a very low or obsolete cord. Aperture nearly circular, dull purple within; colu- mella and upper portion of the peristome white. Peristome broadly expanded and the upper margin reflexed. Columellar lamella promi- nent. Axis with two compressed lamelle, the lower one larger, broadly expanded in the last two whorls, forming a horizontal disk extending one-third distance from axis to outer wall. Long. 20, diam. 9.2, ap. long. 6.7, ap. diam. 7.2. Long. 16, diam. 8, ap. long. 5, ap. diam. 5.5. Long. 20.8, diam. 8, ap. long. 6, ap. diam. 6,5. Central Cuba: La Puntilla, near Remedios, in the Santa Clara province. Differs from dimidiata and turgida by the shorter, broader shape and much more widely-spaced ribs and less expanded axial disk. The two and one-half embryonic whorls are smooth and very convex, as in other species of this group, with a diam. of 1.4mm. The fol- lowing four whorls are weakly and very obliquely striate, after which the ribbed sculpture is assumed, irregular and rather weak at first, but becoming strong and regular on the eighth whorl. The first eight whorls increase in diameter very slowly, after which the shell abruptly expands. Urocoptis (GONGYLOSTOMA) TUBA 0. Sp. Shell similar to U. alvearis in color, sculpture and axial plan but differs from that species by its more slender contour and by the much Ss 7 og - ey “a4 “1a + * c : * ‘ i] / ) “ UP any ; ae NOE: tak: WHEAT OF surg SNS woe Naat ian j 4 - + ee sea ; ey als & : a7 7 A « ‘ A . je > = “i oe aes a \ ; i my « Bs Se ° oo” a ® Me 4) \ Lay = = ‘ PLATE IV. THE NAUTILUS, XXV. NEW CUBAN UROCOPTID-. THE NAUTILUS, XXV, PLAIE V. NEW CUBAN UROCOPTIDA. THE NAUTILUS, XXV. PLATE VI. NEW CUBAN UROCOPTID#. THE NAUTILUS, XXV. PEALE VI. NEW CUBAN UROCOPTID. =" ars 4" os Pals Sef bat oe Sa ae wernt J ‘ ‘ —* ay jinpaRy OF THE UMIVERS TY OF LINO THE NAUTILUS. 719 more gradually tapering spire, the lateral outlines of which are not so deeply concave. Long. 24.5, diam. 7.5, ap. long. 6.3, ap. diam. 6.5, whorls 10. Long. 20.3, diam. 7.1, ap. long. 6.5, ap. diam. 6.9, whorls 7. Central Cuba; Cerro de Guajahana near Caibarien in the Pro- vince of Santa Clara. REFERENCE TO PuiaTeEs IV-VII. Plate IV. Figs. 1, 5. Urocoptis villarensis n. sp. Page 42. Figs. 2, 3, 6. Urocoptis proteus n. sp. Page 43. Fig. 4. Urocoptis proteus castanea n. subsp. Page 44. Figs. 7, 8. Urocoptis proteus robustaxis n. subsp. Page 44. Figs. 9,12. Urocoptis mayajiguensis n. sp. Page 45. Figs. 10, 11. Urocoptis cioniscus n. sp. Page 46. ot Plates Figs. 13, 14. Urocoptis remediensis n. sp. Page 44. Fig. 15. Urocoptis remediensis var.a. Page 45. Fig. 16. Urocoptis remediensis var. 6. Page 45. Figs. 17, 21. Urocoptis mayajiguensis fulva n. subsp. Page 45 Figs. 18, 19, 20. Urocoptis transitoria n. sp, Page 46. Figs. 22, 23. Urocoptis mayajiguensis var. a, Page 45. Plate VI. Figs. 24, 25. Urocoptis turgida n. sp. Page 75. Fig. 26. Urocoptis turgida var. a. Page 76. Figs. 27, 30, 31. Urocoptis tuba n. sp. Page 78. Figs. 28, 29, 34. Urocoptis dilatata n. sp. Page 47. Figs. 32, 33. Urocoptis fallax n. sp. Page 47. Plate VII. Figs. 35, 36, 37, 38. Urocoptis alvearis n. sp. Page 78. Figs. 39, 40. Urocoptis uberrima n. sp. Page 76. Figs. 41, 42. Urocoptis dimidiata n. sp. Page 77. Figs. 43, 44. Urocoptis intuscoarctata n. sp. Page 76. Figs. 45, 46. Urocoptis dimidiata intermedia n. subsp. Page 77. 80 THE NAUTILUS. A GOOD COLLECTING GROUND FOR SMALL SHELLS. BY W. F. CLAPP. The shells listed below were gathered at High Pines, Duxbury Beach, Mass. High Pines is a small hummock, separated from the mainland and any vegetation by eight miles of beach and sand dunes. The hummock itself which is only an acre in area, is cov- ered with a dense growth of scrub oak, beach plum and sumac. Considering the above conditions, it is interesting to note the quantity of specimens obtained from one square yard. I have in- cluded in the list approximately the number of specimens of each species found. Several of the species listed I have been unable to find in Duxbury on the mainland, and, on the other hand, species found in considerable quantities in Duxbury do not appear to inhabit High Pines. On old charts of Duxbury Beach, the area connecting High Pines with the mainland appears as thickly wooded, but storms have re- moved all visible evidences of the former vegetation. ‘¢ For the benefit of those from Missouri,” I will add, that I have a small quantity of soil similar to that from which these shells were taken, and will be pleased to divide the spoils with anyone caring to sort out the remainder, and thus verify my figures. Vallonia pulchella Moalier i.) ev iss «sie sh oe 1800 Loogenites harie Bay 2h) ce hevbel Gs Manta ante 770 Pupitla intecorum Timm, 0 5) sig eae serene 450 Zonitoides arborea Say oy is o's dine enl aie 270 Oochlicépa tubrica Mill...) 2 1.) oc, el pete ee Helicodiscus parallelus Say. . .....«» @ Helia hortensis Muller’. -'4) 0.0.) a) ye lolita ade 25 Vertigo mimum Gopld 50.) (50 6 Guile see eee Vitrea hammonis Strom...) 608 4 ye) se a eye 28 Bifidaria curvidens Gould, . . . 2.» ss « = 24 Punctum pygmaeum Drap. . ... ++ ees 23 Succinea ovalis totteniana Lea. . ...-.-.. 17 Pyramidula cronkhitei anthonyt Pils... .. . 2 THE NAUTILUS. 81 EXTRACTS FROM THE LOG OF THE EOLIS. BY JOHN B. HENDERSON, JR. (Concluded from p. 72.) “May 30,1911” (off Key West). ‘*...6a.m.—We take a position about where we failed yesterday in 50 fathoms, using the medium dredge for several unsuccessful hauls ; then we bend on ‘ old Sampson’ (our largest and heaviest dredge) and lower away. This time the bag comes up full of large broken shells, mostly Pectens and large bivalves all dead and worn, from shallow water ; this is no good at all. Run out to 90 fathoms and make three very good hauls on the edge of the Pourtales Plateau. The features of the bag are some very interesting Murices of the Pteronotus group with wide foliated varices and quite suggestive of certain Pacific Coast species. Also Murex beauti, a very fine species of that fine genus. We especi- ally rejoice over these Murices for with them added to our records we have nearly completed the list of Atlantic Coast Muricide. Voluta dohrni, Calliostoma bairdii, a superb Fusus eucosmia twice the size of any specimens I have ever seen. It nearly took our breath away, . . . The clearness of the water here is most striking. We always watch over the side of the boat to see who will first dis- tinguish the dredge as it is being hauled up by the power winch. Its white skirts begin flashing so far below the surface we have been speculating upon the actual distance. We measured the rope to-day and found that we could actually see the dredge at 104 feet.” “ June 11, 1911” (Key West). ‘In bagging the dried siftings of a haul made yesterday in 90 fathoms, we made the splendid dis- covery of a Haliotis. This is probably Haliotis pourtalesit of Dall, described by him from memory of the unique specimen which was destroyed in the Chicago fire. Pourtalés obtained his specimen right about here. ‘This one just taken is now the only specimen ‘in captivity.’ We are.quite excited about it... alas, we need all the cheer we can find, for the loss of our two carefully designed traps and ‘old Sampson,’ all in one day, has cast a gloom upon us... 61 fathoms, a fragment, though brightly colored, of Voluta junonia, the first in our records.” “« June 6, 1911” (Key West). ‘‘. . . proceeding out we meet a stiff wind with swell and a nasty chop on top, but we try out a few 82 THE NAUTILUS. hauls nevertheless in shallow water, 20 fath. Position, close to outer edge of Florida Reef. Excellent bottom, though not very rich in mollusks. Anapparently new Scala, with deeply channelled sutures, giving it a pagoda-like appearance, the ribs quite obsolete. The animal placed in alcohol at once exuded a large amount of purple liquid. We are pleased to see that it is possible to dredge in so rough a sea, but when wind, sea and current all pull together, it is hard.” ‘June 9, 1911” (Tortugas Islands). ‘“ ... about three miles out from the big red sea buoy, five hauls on rough to hard sand bottom,—the poorest five hauls that any one ever made. One bright spot in the morning’s work is a living Voluta junonia, a young speci- men, but at last we may say that we have collected this rare and most desirable shell alive.’ ... (on Garden Key, Tortugas). « . . . we discover a patch of coral rock making out from shore and we fall greedily upon it. The rock extends out but a short distance to the edge of the dredged channel to the Fort; there the bottom - falls steeply to a depth of about thirty feet, the water being clear as crystal. Upon this pile of half-submerged rock we obtain some delightful collecting. Very fine specimens of a small race of Oypraea exanthema are abundant along with the usual run of reef species, all shells being very free of calcareous deposits. Red and yellow Pectens are abundant, clinging, for the most part, to the rocks by byssi ; there are also pure white Limas that display their wonderfully- decorated mantle edges; they are very agile and dart about by a rapid spasmodic opening and closing of their shells. The larger specimens are always fixed by the byssus in crevices of the rocks. The Trochids and 7urbinidg are especially well represented on this reef. To facilitate our work we all enter the water regardless of clothes. It is too deep for rubber boots, the sun is too powerful for naked backs. We vary our labors by an occasional swim about the outer edge of the rocks,—it feels so odd to be fully clothed in the water... this little reef is perfectly delightful. A large quantity of exquisite fish of the ‘ Angel fish’ type,—veritable butterfles as to color—hover about, almost touching our hands and acting in the most friendly and confidential manner, yet always skilfully avoiding cap- ture by just eluding one’s grasp; they seem not in the least frightened by such hostile demonstration. Now and then large fish weighing ten to twenty pounds come leisurely swimming along and inspect us THE NAUTILUS. 83 carefully, and then decide to hang around awhile. Weare in a per- fect aquarium,—a part of it—and we are upon the most intimate terms with all the other inhabitants. Great care must be taken to avoid touching the sharp-spined sea-urchins, especially the Diadema, whose purple and black spines are six inches long and as sharp as needles, brittle as glass and poisonous . . . such a wealth of cru- stacea, such beautiful Eolids with green and yellow filagree-work along their backs ; they craw! over one’s hands under water like cat- erpillars ; such stealthy Octopi sneaking over the rocks,—one recoils from them as fromasnake. How fascinating this reef collecting is. Poor Clapp ; if these were only land shells, how much more he would enjoy it. ... 1.” NOTES. A ConcHo.oeist’s DirEctory.—The undersigned intends pub- lishing, on or before January 1, 1912, a Directory of American Conchologists, No charge is made for inserting names and ad- dresses, but if a copy of the Directory is desired, send 25 cents as early as possible. Persons ordering in advance may choose a subject and have the same designated after their name. Conchologists should state if they have a collection, the size of the same, and whether exchanges are invited, etc. If sufficient interest is shown, the Directory will be published annually until the formation of a national society. Address, MAxXxwELt SmiTH, Hartsdale, N. Y. Teacuine Naturar History.—So far as I know, this is the only high school in America where an effort is made in the regular zoology classes to teach pupils the systematic collection and naming of our common insects and shells. This may be right or it may not, but the unusual interest manifested in our classes urges me to write this, thinking that it may be helpful to others. I shall speak of the shells only. I read to all my classes the peculiar incident told by Mr. Hender- son in his Cuban trip collecting Urocoptis elliotti. It will open the eyes of over 100 boys and girls to see things when they go to Cuba. 84 THE NAUTILUS. I say ‘‘see”’ advisedly, for they have already seen two very remark- able things right bere at home. The first was a find of Valvata in Washington Park, and the second a remarkable find of five species of land shells at 63d and Prairie Ave., where the South Side ele- vated ‘‘ goes round the bend.” There were hundreds of Pyramidula striatella, Zonitoides, Vitreas and Vallonias. These, mind you, were brought in by pupils who a month ago knew not of their existence. They also visit the greenhouses and pick up V. draparnaldi. And the keepers help them in their search. If we have no skell col- lectors in the next generation ’twill be no fault of mine.—E. E. Hanp, Department of Zoology, Wendell Phillips High School, Chicago. NINE HUNDRED AND TWELVE PEARLS IN ONE UNIOo.—W. H. Toms, a clam-digger of Adrian, Mich., found 912 pearls in a Raisin River clam. One hundred were of marketable size. Fifty are beauties, for which he expects a fortune.— Public Ledger, Phila. COLLECTING ON THE SipsEY River, ALABAMA.—Since writing last I have made several excursions to the Sipsey. You will remem- ber that, after my work at the Forks, we considered it rather a poor stream for Unionidae. My present impression is that it is going to turn out one of the richest in Alabama, and decidedly peculiar. It is, in fact, very different from other rivers which I have explored. Most of it is ‘‘ dead water,” with a steady, pretty strong current and three or four feet deep; it is very crooked and choked with drift logs. Now and then there are gravel shoals, shallow, with an even, strong current, and these are the places for the mussels, especially Pleuro- bemas. 'These gravel shoals are altogether peculiar in my experience. The bottom is a layer of gravel, a foot or so thick, cemented so that it is quite hard; under this there is loose gravel, in which the mus- sels generally live. At the Forks I used to wonder why the musk- rats left so many shells and I found so few. | eae Beker. Fo 0... 5 » Ap tee Barret, Wm. T. : . be Berry) oe) is . 130 Clapp, Geo. H. ; : ’ ; 120 Clapp, W. F. . ; : ; 24, 116 Cockerell, T. D. A. ; aealliee a 70, 144 Dall, W. i eo Sh pe Mae ; . 58, 108, 139, 148 Daniels, L. E. : : , AR Edson (Harry), Henry M. y me Pre. Frierson, L. S. Byer iy ; 22, 23, 141 Gaines, Marshall R. ry nee . . 34 Hanham, A. W._. ‘ : . 83, 133 Hedley, C. ; . 46, 85 aa Jr., John B. ey: 2, 42, 109 Henderson, Junius ; ; . 9, 80, 84 Hinkley, ae 36, 47 Johnson, C. W. ; 48, 59, 120 Long, Bayard . ; ' ok ae Ortmann, A. E. 13, 51 Pilsbry, HH. As}. .44 ie 29, 42, “45, 48, 60, 72, 79, 84, 88, 109, 114, 125, 144 Presbrey, Eugene W. 121 Preston, H. B. ; ! 35, 70 Roberts, S. Raymond bey ti 31 eee Sampson, \ ae. ; ; | Smith, H. H. : 4 Smith, Maxwell : : } 25, 74 Sterki, V. ) aes 64, 95, 117, 136 Torre, Carlos dela . 55, 66 Vanatta, Kh. G. ‘ 12, 16, 31, 69, 84. 96 Wheeler, H.. 3. ' 14, 99, 111 Winkley, H. W._. é ‘ : : ; 54, 73, 144 THE NAUTILUS, XXVI. PLATE | A meg? DAN ha - juli WW nt wy LARS 1,2. POLYGYRA CLARKII BRADLEYI VAN. (VOL. XXV, p. 120). 3,4. ALDRICH & PILSBRY: A NEW PLIOCENE NERITINA. 5, 6. THYSANOPHORA COCKERELL/ PILSBRY. 7,8. HINKLEY : ON ANCULOSA. 9,10. AMNICOLA WINKLEYI PILSBRY. 11, 12. ASHMUNELLA FERRISSI PILS. ARIZONA. THE NAUTILUS. Vou. XXVI. MAY, 1912. No. 1 A NEW SPECIES OF AMNICOLA. BY H. A. PILSBRY, AMNICOLA WINKLEYI, n.sp, Plate I, figs. 9, 10. The shell is umbilicate, ovate-conic, composed of 44 to nearly 5 strongly convex whorls, separated by a very deep suture; whitish corneous when cleaned of the thin brown stain, glossy, faintly striate ; apex rather acute, aperture ovate, nearly vertical ; peristome contin- uous, a little flattened where it is very shortly in contact with the proceeding whorl. Length 4.8, diam. 3.1 mm.; length of aperture 2.2 mm. Saco, Maine. By its dentition this species belongs to the group of Ammnicola lustrica Pils., the shape of the central tooth and its denticulation being quite unlike A.limosa. It differs from limosa by its projecting first whorl, that of imosa being flat on top. A lustrica is smaller and more slender. A schrdkingeri Ffid. is closely related but is a very much smaller species. Frauenfeld gives the length as 3.15 mm., and the largest in a series of over 100 before me is 3.2 mm. long, with 44 whorls. A. winkleyi has some resemblance to A. (Cincinnatia) cincinnatt- ensis Anth. by its acute apex and very convex whorls, but it is less solid, and differs very widely in dentition. This species is one of the fruits of the careful examination of the New England fauna by the Rev. Henry W. Winkley, during the past decade or more. Doubtless the species exists in many collec- tions under one name or another. My attention was called to it in the course of a study of the northern species for a monograph of the New York fauna. 2 THE NAUTILUS. A DAY’S COLLECTING AT ANTILLA, CUBA. JOHN B. HENDERSON, JR. The very new little town of Antilla, at the head of Nipe Bay, Cuba, is a very unlikely looking place for land-shells. Off in the distance are fine ranges of high mountains that beckon to the col- lector, but the few hills near Antilla are low and seem always to be surrounded by mangrove swamps and therefore quite inaccessible. In the hopes of finding something we turned to the only approachable hill, one lying just at the edge of the town. It is a wretched little apology for a hill, without rocks or any good feature for the collector other than a somewhat vigorous crown of vegetation. Arrived at the spot we found the place most uninviting. Goats, pigs, chickens and the whole assortment of Cuba’s domesticated fauna ranged the woods, and a very dead horse sent clear to Heaven a protest against our invasion. But no collector of land-shells happening along Antilla way should neglect devoting an hour or so to these goat-infested woods, for right there live in reasonable abundance the finest Polymita muscarum that ever came out of Cuba. Practically all the color varieties known of that really exquisite arboreal snail appear to live there. They range from black (with one orange band) through the yellows and reds (generally brilliantly painted in bands) to the pure china- ware glazed white. One would naturally suppose that so bright a color spot on a tree as this shell presents would be most easily detected. When once seen it certainly looks easy enough, yet I feel sure that we collected but a small proportion of the inhabitants. The reason is that the snail usually hides in the crotch of a limb, or fastens itself to the trunk of shrub or tree at just the spot where a convenient leaf covers him. The best manner of stalking them is to look along the ground for “‘ bones” and when a “ cemetery ”’ is found then turn the eyes upward to the vegetation, for these creatures seem to have a gregarious habit and live in colonies. This may not be true in the rainy season when all tropical snails are more active. From this little wooded hill we took besides the muscarum some very fine Oepolis alauda Fer. of the more typical form than is usually seen in collections. This is alsoa tree snail with much the same habit as the muscarum but they do not affect the colonial mode of life as definitely, and they are less shy in exposing themselves on THE NAUTILUS. 3 the tree to full view of the eager collector. The great range of variation in this species, not only in color but in size and form causes one to wonder if there are not possibly several distinct species included in the one comprehensive name of “alauda.” There is also there, in these woods, but rather sparingly, Plewrodonte mar- ginella Gmel. of a very dark color form. These also live on the trees, but only on the large trees and then invariably on the trunks. They look just like great big buttons and may be detected a hundred feet away. On the ground, quite common, were Pleurodonte auricoma provisoria Pfr. and a Helicina that we may call, for the present, submarginata Gray, also, Oleacina subulata Pfr. On the tree trunks, low down near the ground, very strictly of social habit, were Mac- roceramus pictus (Gundl.) Pfr. and, more commonly distributed, the Chondropoma revinctum Poey. We answered the call of the more distant mountains later and I would like to tell of that trip when I shall have had time to identify the material collected. That is up inthe “ picta” country. I know of nothing more wonderful for jaded nerves and “ that tired feeling” than to range the woods and banana fields for Polymita picta. NOTES ON CIRCINARIA CONCAVA (SAY) FROM SHEBOYGAN COUNTY. MICHIGAN. BY H. BURRINGTON BAKER. Circinaria concava was considered to be a typical shell of the Upper Austral, and in the southern peninsula of Michigan was not known to extend much farther north than the old Saginaw-Grand River outlet. In consequence, it was a surprise to find it last sum- mer near the north shore of Burt Lake, Cheboygan County, about one-hundred and fifty miles north of this line. Even more peculiar, however, was its habitat, as it was living in and along the edge of a large, boreal, cedar-spruce-fir (7hwa-Picea-Abics) bog, along with such a typically boreal species as Pyramidula asteriseus (Morse). A quite thorough search of the hardwoods and other transition habitats of the region failed to reveal this shell, so it appears we have an austral shell living in a boreal bog in a transition region. One is tempted to conclude that this species, weakened by living too far north, is unable to cope with its competitors in the more favor- 4 THE NAUTILDS. able habitats, and is, for that reason, restricted to the unfavorable, sparsely populated, boreal bog, just as the boreal plants and animals are confined to these relict islands throughout the transition and the northern parts of the Upper Austral zones. These rivals would probably not be other shells in the case under consideration, as Cir- cinarta is the only snail in the region that is mainly carnivorous in habits, but would probably be some of the carnivorous arthropods. The shells themselves show the influence of poor conditions as they are, thin, fragile, and dwarfed. The largest specimen collected, which was a shell of four and one-half whorls measures: greater diameter 11.9 mm., lesser diameter 10.4 mm., altitude 5.3 mm., while a shell with five whorls from southern Michigan measures: 18.9 mm., 16 mm., 8.5 mm.; and a young shell of four and one-half whorls from the same region as the latter: 13.9 mm., 11.8 mm., 6.4 mm. ‘This difference in size is even more marked in the embryonic first whorl, and the northern shells are more transparent and vitreous than the southern, have little of the latter’s clouded, milky appear- ance, and truly resemble in texture an over-grown Vitrea. In addi- tion, the revolving, microscopic wrinkles, which mark the typical shells over the entire upper surface but most strongly along the inner, sutural slope of each whorl, are more delicately and strongly marked in the northern form. The question as to how this form got into this region is, at present, unanswerable, but the fact that the bog, in which it was found, lies between the Nipissing fossil beach and the present shore of Burt Lake is at least interesting in this connection. RUMINA DECOLLATA IN MOBILE AND NEW ORLEANS. BY. HERBERT H. SMITH. This species is common in Southern Europe and has been carried by commerce to Bermuda, Havana and other places. As far as I know, the only recorded North American locality is Charleston, S. C., where it has been fully naturalized for many years. For its discovery in Mobile and New Orleans we are indebted to Mr. L. H. McNeill, of the former city. This gentleman sent to me a drawing of the shell, stating that he had first noticed it in New Orleans as THE NAUTILUS. 9) early as 1907,’ and subsequently found it common in Mobile. Mr. McNeill is interested in shells and had collected them with the late Dr. Charles Mohr: he did not remember seeing this species in the Mohr cabinet or elsewhere, and asked me for information. The drawing, though he apologized for it, was so good as to leave little doubt in my mind; moreover, Mr. McNeill stated that the shells were always decollate; and, from their occurrence in the older or French parts of the two cities, he believed them to be introduced. At my request he took the trouble to gather and forward more than 100 living specimens; and a few days after, he sent some dead but good shells which he had brought from New Orleans. These are like Charleston or Bordeaux specimens. Mr. McNeill’s notes are so good that I gladly transcribe them : ‘‘The Mobile specimens were gathered at the S. E. corner of Monroe and Royal Sts. Another location is the S. E. corner of St. Emanuel and Canal Sts. Both are in the oldest parts of the town, and the first on the site of old Fort Charlotte (Fort Conde of the French ;) there were dozens of them crawling across the sidewalk, it being a damp and cloudy day, and many had been crushed by pedestrians. The shell is found over quite a large area of the city.” With regard to the New Orleans specimens he writes: ‘‘ I noticed them first while putting up a building on the uptown side of Jackson Ave., two doors towards the river from Prytania St., and afterwards in other locations, including Girod and Claiborne Cemeteries. I also saw a gardener destroying several of them, remarking that they were a pest among the violets, which suggests that they are well known all over the city.” These exact locality notes are interesting. In Mobile, at least, the snail appears to be common only.in the older or French streets, and probably that is why so large a species has been overlooked by Mohr, Showalter and other good collectors. During a recent brief visit, I collected in vacant lots where rubbish piles, stones, etc., gave plenty of shelter: snails were much in evidence, but no Rumina was seen. I was not looking for it, not knowing, at the time, that it lived in the city ; but I could hardly have missed so large a species had it been at all common. These lots were in newer parts of the 1 After this was written and sent to press I learned that Mr. Ferriss collected Rumina at New Orleans, some years ago, As far as I know the fact was not published. 6 THE NAUTILUS. city, a mile or more from the French streets. Probably the species, though fully naturalized, has not extended its range so far. All the indications are that Rumina was introduced in Mobile a century or more ago, during the French rule, and in all probability it was brought from some French port. The New Orleans race may be as old or older ; both cities date from the 17th century. I shall not be at all surprised if Rumina turns up in Pensacola, another old colony ; and it is more than probable that other European species may be found in these Southern cities. SPHAERIIDAE, OLD AND NEW. BY V. STERKI. A revision, or monograph, of the North American Spherid@ has been demanded for years. But the way is not |clear: very much is yet to be learned with respect to many species, their interrelations, the extent of their variation, and their distribution. A great deal of material for study from all over the continent is still desirable. A catalogue of the known species, with some notes will be published soon, and on the following pages will be found some descriptions and rectifications.—The numbers cited are those of the special collection of Spheriide. Piridium abditum Haldeman, Proc. Acad. Phila., I. p. 53, 1841; Prime, Mon. Corb. 1865, p. 68.—The P. abditum muddle has been the greatest stumbling block in the otherwise difficult study of Pisidium. Beginning with T. Prime, this ‘‘ species” has been the general dumping ground into which almost anything was thrown that was not plainly ‘“‘a black bass or a snapping turtle,” or to re- main serious, any Pisidiwm, even such as noveboracense, variabile, equilaterale, compressum, etc.. and occasionally Sph. occidentale. The authentic specimens, from Lancaster Co., Pa., in the T. Prime collection! are of a rather small form but serve to define the 1They had been there for about seventy years, and remained covered with a ferruginous crust so that their real shape, surface sculpture and color could not be seen. Now they areclean., Of the seven, five are immature, of a rather small form, as noted, 2.8-3.3 mm, long, the others, two pair of valves, are 3.8-4 mm. long, The description, in Mon, Corb,, is quite inadequate, even with respect to the original form: ‘‘very inequilateral” [should be inequi- THE NAUTILUS. 7 species, which is really widely distributed, common and very vari- able, even if restricted after eliminating the three following species and some others which are clearly distinct. The mussels of the typical and near-typical forms average larger and more inflated. It appears that there are several geographical subspecies ; the following is one of them: P. abditum subrotundum St. (P. subrotundum, The Nautilus XX, p- 19, 1906) The mussel is less inflated than in abditum, averaging smaller, the beaks are broader and less elevated ; rather uniform. Appears to be a northern form; New England to Ontario, Michigan and northern Ohio. P, minus (Ad.), Cyclas minor Ad., Proc. Boston Soc. N. H. I, p. 48, 1841; ranged under the syn. of P. abditum by Prime, Mon. Corb., p. 68. Is distinct so far as can be judged from the authentic specimens (3 valves, from Waybridge, Vt.) in the T. Prime collec- tion, but appears to be rather rare. Specimens fairly well agreeing with them have been seen from: Duxbury, Mass. (W. F. Clapp, No. 6969); Denisville, Me. (Dr. Jas. Lewis’ collection, now Mr. Bryant Walkers’ No. 2582); Klinger’s Lake, St. Joseph Co. Mich. (B. Walker, 6846); Ann Arbor, Mich. (H. E. Sargent, No. 3099, none full-grown); Cowley Farm, Nepean, Ont. (Justice F. R. Latchford, No. 6929), and apparently Greenport, L. I, N. Y. (J. B. Henderson from Sanderson Smith, No. 675). P. regulare Pme., Boston Journ. VI, p. 363, pl. XII, figs. 11, 12, 1852. Also arranged under the synonymy of P. abditum, in Mon. Corb., 1. c.; certainly not a form of abditum, to judge from the single specimen from ‘“ Ohio” in the Prime collection, ranging nearer P. noveboracense Pme., but appears to be distinct. Specimens identical were collected near Douglas Lake, Cheboygan County, Michigan, 1911, by Mr. H. B. Baker, Nos. 7084 and 7085, and probably the same near Geauga Lake, southeast of Cleveland, Ohio, by Mr. John A. Allen, 1910, No, 6542. Others were seen before but not recog- nized. . partite]: generally not so, and the figure shows rather the contrary and, by the way, has the beaks too high and otherwise faulty; ‘‘ generally light straw color” is exceptional: generally light to dark corneous, often yellowish “cardinal teeth separate” is meaningless; “long, 0,15, lat. [= alt.] 0.14: diam. 0.09 inches” does not agree with “ shell elongated,’ and with the figure ‘* The surface is at times also quite rough and the striw coarse’’—conf. with ; “ the exterior surface is much smoother” (than in P, noveboracense), 8 THE NAUTILUS. Pisidium sphericum, n. sp.—Mussel very inequipartite, strongly inflated, nearly globular ; superior margin nearly straight, short, pos- terior subtruncate, the others rounded, supero-anterior slope barely marked; beaks near the posterior end, high, prominent over the hinge margin, rounded; scutum and scutellum distinctly marked ; surface dull to slightly glossy, with fine, irregular strie and a few lines of growth, color yellowish to grayish corneous, lighter along the margins, often with brown to blackish mottlings, whitish to straw in the young; shell rather strong, posterior muscle scars and pallial lines distinct; hinge stout, curved, cardinal teeth rather small, the right angular, with the posterior part thicker and grooved, the left anterior short, abrupt, angular, the posterior steeply oblique, little curved ; ligament strong. Soft parts not examined. Long. 5.6, alt. 5.3, diam, 4.6 mm. (100: 95: 82). Long. 4.8, alt. 4. diam. 3.4 mm. (100: 84: 71). Hab.; New England to Virginia, Ontario and Wisconsin (?) : Westbrook, Me., collected by Prof. A. H. Norton; Saco, Me., Dan- vers and Lynnfield, Mass., by the Rev. H. W. Winkley; George R, North, Warren, Knox, Co., Me., by N. W. Fermond: Cambridge and Woburn, Mass., by Wm. F. Clapp.; Va. oppos. Washington, D. C., Sterki; Unalitoulin Id., Ont., by Justice F. R. Latchford; Fox River, Wis., by Geo. T. Marston, sent by E. W. Roper (if no label was misplaced ; one of the two specimens in the collection is true, the other isa P. abditum). Types: No. 797, Westbrook Me., for full-grown specimens, No- 727 Saco Me., and 6641, Lynnfield, Mass., for juv. and adolescent of a smaller form; yet anyone of the lots in the collection might serve as types. This very distinct and characteristic Pisidiwm has been known for many years, but unfortunately much misunderstood and ill- treated. Generally it has been taken for a form of abditum; the late E. W. Roper named it adamst, and under that name, specimens are in various collections; I have named it P. minus, having seen two specimens under that name, ina collection, but from that species it is also distinct, as evidenced by authentic specimens of minus.— From larger forms of abditum it is easily distinguished by the large and prominent beaks situated close to the posterior end of the mus- sel, and the strong hinge. In the young, the superior and supero- anterior margins form a peculiar somewhat angular curve, much as THE NAUTILUS. 9 in the young of P. compressum Pme.—lIt cannot be mistaken for any other species. Pisidium alleni, n. sp.—Mussel rather large, well inflated, oval to ovoid in outline, without any projecting angles, beaks slightly behind the middle, large, prominent, rounded ; scutum and scutellum slightly marked, small; surface shiny, with irregular striz and several (4-6) strongly-marked lines of growth, color straw to light yellowish, plumbeous around the beaks in old specimens; shell and hinge me- dium strong, the latter rather long, cardinal teeth placed on the upper part of the hinge plates, the right angular with the posterior part thicker and grooved, left anterior short, pointed, the posterior oblique, rather long, nearly straight, ligament strong. Long. 6.2, alt. 5, diam. 3.8 mm. (100: 81:61). MHalf-grown specimens are rather different in shape, somewhat oblique, moder- ately inflated, posterior margin subtruncate, beaks markedly low and broad, apparently more posterior; young mussels are very flat. Hab.—New England, New York; Hebron and Buckfield, Oxford county, Me., collected by Mr. John A. Allen; Franklin county, Me., by Mr. N. W. Lermond; “N. H.” in the collection of Dr. James Lewis (B. Walker’s), and that of the Cincinnati Soc, N. H.; Clifton, Staten Island, N. Y., Mr. J. B. Henderson, from Sanderson Smith. Types No. 5871a from Hebron, Me. The only species to which this has resemblance is ropert St., which is much smaller, with shell and hinge slighter, and half-grown speci- mens not so oblique, and markedly constant over a wide territory. I take pleasure in naming the species in honor of Mr. J. A. Allen, who has done much good collecting in New England and Ohio. (To be continued.) OREOHELIX COLONIES IN COLORADO. BY JUNIUS HENDERSON. (Coneluded from Vol. XXV, p. 139) OREOHELIX COOPERI (W. G. B.) Where the formations were badly cut up by igneous intrusions and displaced by folds and faults, in the neighborhood of Rabbit Ears, and elsewhere, attention was sometimes called to the existence of the calcareous formations in unexpected places by the presence of 10 THE NAUTILUS. numerous dead snail shells lying on the soil-covered surface. ‘The species is very abundant about nine miles east of Meeker, on a Lower Mancos shale slope, with ‘gabbiana. We have but one reversed specimen of the species. These records show that coopert is much more generally dis- tributed than any other Oreohelix in Colorado, with its variety minor a close second, and depressa third. OREOHELIX COOPERI MINOR CkIl. I recently found dead shells very abundant, including one reversed Specimen, on the exceedingly dry slopes of a gulch where the red Carboniferous sandstones were almost barren of soil and vegetation, except dwarf cedar and pinyon pine, altitude 7,200 feet. There are thin limestone bands in the formation. By 15 minutes’ search 37 live ones were obtained, the majority being, to my surprise, under a small pinyon log and the cones which had lodged against it, the bal- ance two or three at a time under small cedar logs. This form also occurs on a similar slope about two miles distant, and I found no other species of Oreohelix there. A few were found on a steep Nio- brara slope southeast of Sulphur Springs. A very fine colony occurs on a steep, rather dry terrace south of White River, about two miles southeast of Meeker, under Amelanchier, etc., and another four miles southwest of Meeker. These were by no means as unfavorable lo- calities as the McCoy and Sulphur Springs colonies of minor occupy, and seemed much better suited to snail life than the flourishing Muddy Creek colony of coopert, and as well suited as the big de- pressa-coopert colony at Steamboat Springs. My first impression was that perhaps minor was merely an ecological form of coopert, dwarfed by unfavorable environment, but more careful consideration of the facts of distribution and an examination of our large series of both, seem to render that supposition untenable. Four dead speci- mens are from Placerville, San Miguel county, and twelve from Montrose, were collected by Mr. E. R. Warren, the well-known mammalogist. We have a lot from near Ohio City, Colo. (Frank Rohwer), and ten dead ones from Johnson county, Wyoming (N. DeW. Betts). This form has been likened to O. s. concentrata Dall (Navtitus, XVI, 106-107), but I have compared it with authentic concentrata received from Dr. Dall and find it quite distinct. I should say that minor is a dwarf variety of coopert and concentrata perhaps a dwarf form of depressa type. THE NAUTILUS. Rt The Ohio City specimens were abundant at 11,000 feet, just above timber line, near a snow bank. That it was not a case of dwarfing of specimens of cooper? on account of lack of moisture or low tem- perature is indicated by the fact that O. s. depressa at that and higher altitudes seems at its best. OREOHELIX HAYDENI (Gabb). The only place in Colorado from which this species has been re- ceived is Glenwood Springs, where it was found alive in such abund- ance by Bethel and Dakan, and some fossil specimens collected near there. I see no reason for Binney’s conclusion that it is only a vari- ety of strigosa. OREOHELIX HAYDENI GABBIANA (Hemphill). In the Glenwood Springs colony hereinbefore described there is some tendency to intergrade with haydeni, and the sculpture of the embryonic whorls further indicates a close relationship. Dakan found another astonishing colony near Newcastle, from which he brought over 1,000 very fine adult specimens collected alive in a few moments. I found them more sparingly at another point near there, on Lower Mancos shales. Nine miles east of Meeker I found a colony on Lower Mancos shales, where they were mingled with cooper? in about equal proportions. It was raining, and the snails were crawling about under the bushes by the hundreds. OREOHELIX HENDERSONI Pilsbry. Known only from the type locality, where dead shells were col- lected three years ago by Mr. A. Dakan, on Little Thompson Creek, ten miles northwest of Longmont, on a talus slope of Niobrara lime- stone. Dr. Pilsbry considered it new, so I asked Mr. Dakan to search for live ones. Last July, during better snail weather, he returned to the place and had no difficulty in getting 160 live ones and many more dead ones. He says ‘‘ it appears to be a small, healthy colony.” NOTES ON SHELLS FROM QUIRIGUA, GUATEMALA. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. In the course of a recent visit to Guatemala, chiefly for studying insects, Mrs. T. D. A. Cockerell collected the following snails, all from Quirigua. 12 THE NAUTILUS. Aperostoma dysoni ( Pfr.) Ampullaria sp. (young). Helicina ameena Pfr. Thysanophora plagioptycha (Shuttl. ) Thysanophora cockerellz n. sp. Opeas micra (Orb.) Euglandina cumingi ( Beck.) Cecilioides consobrina veracruzensis (C. and F.) Succinea sp. (immature). Aplexa princeps Phillips. THYSANOPHORA COCKERELL& n. sp. PI. I, figs. 5, 6. Related to 7. conspurcatella, hornii etc, The spire is conic, com- posed of nearly 44 very strongly convex whorls united by a very deep suture, the last whorl regularly rounded, rather coarsely striate. Umbilicus contained 34 times in the diameter. Aperture subcir- cular, about one-fifth of the circumference occupied by the preceding whorl. Alt. 2.4, diam, 3.4 mm. Quirigua, Guatemala, W. P. Cockerell, 1912. The spire is decidedly higher than in 7. conspurcatella Morel. It is nearer 7. proxima Pils., from the state of Michoacan which agrees in size of umbilicus, but the spire is higher in 7. cockerelle. T. Jischeri Pils. is a more delicate shell with narrow umbilicus, Seven specimens were collected, the largest being measured above and fig- ured. Most of the lot are decidely smaller with 4 whorls. The surface is not in good condition, but will probably prove to have cuticular processes like those of the related species mentioned. It is named for Mrs. Cockerell. NOTES. BrermMupDa SHELLS.—Mr. Arthur Haycock presented to the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia a set of shells from Whitby Cave, Bermuda, including Strobilops hubbardi Br., Zonitoides bris- toli Gul., Thysanophora hypolepta Shutt., Bifidaria rupicola Say, and Striatura milium meridionalis Pils. The Striatura is new to the Bermuda fauna.—E. G. VanatTa. Errata.—February number, page 110, end of sixteenth line from bottom, for ‘‘ the rows”’ read two rows. mHE NAUTILUS. VoL. XXVI. JUNE, 1912. No. 2 thas! ss Rett = CUMBERLANDIA, A NEW GENUS OF NAIADES. BY A. E, ORTMANN. The type-species of this new genus is Unio monodonta of Say, which stands, in Simpson’s system (Pr. U. 8S. Mus. 22, 1900 p 679) as Margaritana monodonta (Say). As Simpson has correctly recognized, this species has affinity with the genus Margaritana (Type: margaritifera Linnaeus), and, con- sequently belongs to my family Margaritanide (NatTiLus, 25,1911 p. 129). Through the courtesy of Mr. Bryant Walker I had the opportunity to examine the soft parts of a number of individuals from the Cumberland River, and was able to ascertain that all essential characters given by me for this family are present, chiefly so the conformation of the diaphragm, of the posterior end of the gills, and of the anal and branchial openings. But there is one interesting difference. While in other species of the genus Margart- tana the interlaminar connections of the gills are scattered, and irregularly distributed, or fail into more or less distinct oblique rows, in the present species these irregular, interrupted rows are developed as continuous septa, which run obliquely forwards. In the middle of the gills, these septa are well developed «and qnite continuous, but rather distant from each other. ‘Toward the ends of the gills they are more irregular, shorter, and chiefly at the posterior end they are somewhat interrupted, and thus it is clearly seen that they represent a further development of the oblique, interrupted rows present in other species of Margaritana. The septa of this species (monodonta) have nothing to do with the septa of the family Unionidae, for in the latter they run parallel to 14 THE NAUTILUS. the gill-filaments while here they cross them obliquely. Moreover, the septa of the Unionidg are much more closely set (chiefly in the females), and much more-regular. Margaritana monodonta differs by this structure markedly from all species of Margaritana 1 know. I have seen the typical Mar- garitana-structure not only in Margaritana margaritifera (L.) (both from Europe and northeastern America), but also in two specimens of Margaritana sinuata (Lam.) (= crassa Simpson, 1, ¢. p. 678) from near Perpignan, France (sent to me by Mr. W. Israél), and in a number of specimens of Margaritana hembeli (Conr.) from southern Alabama (I am obliged to Mr. H. H. Smith for these). While I thus consider these three species as congeneric (the creation of Pseudunio for sinuata by Haas notwithstanding), M. monodonto differs from them in an important structure, which undoubtedly represents a higher specialization, a forward step in evolution, and it is, as I believe, entitled on this account to the rank of a separate genus, which I propose to call Cumberlandia (Type: monodonta Say). As to the distribution of Cumberlandia monodonia, Wa\ker’s papers should be consulted (Pr. Mal. Soc. 9. 1910 pp. 187-189, and Navutiivus, 25. 1911 p. 57-58). According to this, the metro- polis of it seems to be in the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers, but it has spread into the lower Ohio drainage, and into Indiana and Illinois. In the Ohio, it was not known, up to the present, above Cincinnati: but I may mention here, that I found last summer (July 13, 1911) a dead specimen of Cumberlandia monodonta in the Ohio River at Buffington Island, near Portland, Meigs Co., Ohio. I also may add, that according to the experience gained by my last year’s collecting, it is entirely excluded that this species occurs anywhere in the Big Sandy or Great Kanawha Rivers, and that I do not think that it reached its present range by coming ‘¢down” the Ohio. But this will be discussed elsewhere. ADDITION TO THE LIST OF MOLLUSCA FROM MONTE SANO, ALABAMA. BY. H, E. WHEELER. Through the kindness of Prof. Herbert H. Smith, conchologically the ** discoverer” of Monte Sano, and Mr. George H, Clapp, who THE NAUTILUS. 15 * determined the collections from this region, I am able to make the following additions to the list published in the March number of the Navutivus for the current year. It should be noted that some of the species listed then and now were not found on the mountain proper, but, living on the foothills or in the adjacent valleys, are entitled to enumeration in the fauna of the region. Polygyra auriformis, Bld. This and the species clausa are low land shells, collected near the base of the mountain. Polygyra pustuloides, Bld. Near Huntsville, and also on the mountain. Polygyra tridentata Say. ‘*‘ Common in the whole region, and probably on the table land of the Mountain.” Smith. Polygyra clausa Say. Polygyra hirsuta Say. Typical hirsuta is found on Monte Sano according to Clapp. Strobilops virgo Pils. Bifidaria contracta Say. Bifidaria corticaria Say. Bifidaria pentodon Say. Bifidaria pentodon gracilis Sterki. Bifidaria clappi Sterki. See Navurirus, Vol, XXII, pp. 108, 109. Sterki gives Huntsville, Alabama as one of the type localities. Clapp has it also from Monte Sano. Vertigo milium Gld. Vertigo rugosula oralis Sterki. “In the Huntsville region, and almost surely from the mountain.” (Smith). Vertigo gouldii Binn. Cochlicopa lubrica morseana P. From the western part of Vin- cent Mountain. This is one of the numerous connected spurs of the same mountainous chain, and the species is likely to be found on Monte Sano in suitable situations. Omphalina pilsbryi Clapp. See Navutirus, Vol. XVIII, p. 30. Collected by the writer at Normal, several miles north of Huntsville, Alabama, and by Smith on Monte Sano. Euconulus chersinus dentatus, Sterki. ‘* More correctly a ‘form’; certainly not a variety.”” (Smith). Gastrodonta intertexta Binn. Collected by the writer at Hunts- ville, and by Prof. Smith on the mountain. Gastrodonta acerra Binn. Huntsville region. Should be found on the mountain, 16 THE NAUTILUS. # Punctum blandianum Pils. Pyramidula cumberlandiana, Lea. Rarely at the southern end of Monte Sano. This record, furnished by Smith, cancels the nega- tive note in previous article. There is a variety of Pyramidula alternata, Say, which is quite constant, distinguished principally by its sub-carinate contour, which was collected on an isolated peak (Ward’s Mountain?) three miles south west of Huntsville. Pyramidula sub-sp. nov, (Pilsbry). A splendid sub-species of bryantt which has been described by Dr. Pilsbry, but not yet pub- lished. Locality a dry ridge about 6 miles north of Monte Sano. uccinea avara Say. Reported by Clapp. Carychium exiguum Say. ‘“ Associated with exile, H. C. Lea, but rare and local.” (Smith). LAND SHELLS OF SOUTHERN FLORIDA. BY E. G. VANATTA. This list is based upon shells picked from leaf-mould collected in Florida by Messrs. Clarence B. Moore, H. A. Pilsbry, C. T. Simpson, Stewardson Brown, H. W. Fowler, and J. 8. Raybon. All are in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Many of the specimens of 7runcatella bilabiata are a rather smooth form parallel to 7’. c. succinea Ad. The typical Polygyra cereolus Muhl. were at first divided by size from the var. carpentertana Bld., but these two forms intergrade as shown by the following count of specimens in a large series from two localities. In a lot from Little Pine Key there are 46 Polygyra cereolus measuring from 14.5 to 10.5 mm.; 700 Polygyra c. carpenteriana measuring 10.3 to 7.5 mm., and 40 measuring 8.3 to 7 mm. in diameter. From Big Pine Key at Robert Watson's place there are 12 P. cereolus measuring 14.5 to 11 mm. in diameter; 1009 var. carpen- teriana measuring 11.3 to 9 mm., and 16 from 9 to 7 mm. It will be seen that no definite division can be made. Each of these lots represents a single colony, the snails being scraped up with the dirt, without selection, from under stones in an area of a square rod or two. THE NAUTILUS. 17 The Bifidaria contracta from Florida form a race in which the inner portion of the parietal lamella is divided from the forward part by a depression, as if it were another lamina joined to the main one. In picking them over, one has a tendency to divide each lot of Bifidaria pellucida hordeacella from Florida into four forms, figured on plate II, as follows:—form A, long, figs. 1. 3, 4, 5, 9,10, 15; form B, medium-sized, figs. 6, 7, 8, 13, 16, 17, 19; form C, small, figs. 14, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, and form D, odese, figs. 12, 18, 22. All these forms seem to intergrade in size through a small number of examples. The variation observed is largely due to the formation of a lip when the shells have made a different number of volutions, as the long forms have about 5} whorls and the short forms only about 4 whorls. It is peculiar that the long shells from Florida have weak teeth and the short specimens have strong teeth; while in Texas the converse is often the case. To give an idea of the relative abundance of the forms, in a lot of Bifidaria p. hordeacella from Bahia Honda Key I counted 25 long, 81 medium, 15 small, and 7 obese shells. In another series from Key West there are 111 long, 358 medium, 22 small, and 140 obese specimens. Each of these lots was from dirt gathered in the area of a square yard or Jess. ‘The size in mm. of the several forms may be measured by the scale supplied on the plate. Vertigo variolosa is very scarce, as only four perfect specimens were found. Helicina tantilla also continues to be excessively rare. Many other equally small species were obtained by thousands. For lists of species from other keys visited, see the THe Navtt- LUS, xix, 1905, p. 38, and xxi, 1908, p. 99. Altogether over 50,- 000 specimens have been picked from dirt and débris obtained on the Florida Keys. Banta Honpa Key, Lee Co., collected by Dr. H. A. Pilsbry. Chondropoma dentatum Say. Truncatella bilabiata Pfr. Truncatella caribeensis succinea Ad. Thysanophora selenina Gld. Thysanophora plagioptycha Shutt. Polygyra cereolus Miuhl. Polygyra cereolus carpenteriana Bld. Pupoides modicus Gld. Bifidaria p, hordeacella Pils. 18 THE NAUTILUS. Bifidaria rupicola Say. Varicella gracillima floridana Pils. Buive HIv1, Horr’s Isuanp, Lee Co. (near Key Marco), collected by Clarence B. Moore. Thysanophora plagioptycha Shutt. Pupoides modicus Gld. Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils. Bifidaria rupicola Say. Vertigo variolosa Gld. Guppya gundlachi Pfr. Vitrea dalliana * Simps.’ Pils. Boca GRANDE Key, Monroe Co., collected by Stewardson Brown and H. W. Fowler. Drymeus multilineatus Say. Cerion incanum Binn. Succinea floridana Pils. Boca Cuica Kry, Monroe Co. Collected by Dr. H. A. Pilsbry, C. T. Simpson, S. Brown and H. W, Fowler. Chondropoma dentatum Say. Truncatella caribeensis ‘ Sby’-Rve. eich Truncatella bilabiata Pfr. Helicina orbiculata Say. Helicina orbiculata clappi Pils. Thysanophora selenina Gld. Thysanophora incrustata Poey. Thysanophora plagioptycha Shutt. Praticolella jejuna Say. Cerion incanum Binn. Pupoides modicus Gld. Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils. Bifidaria rupicola Say. Varicella g. floridana Pils. Guppya gundlachi Pfr. Vitrea dalliana ‘ Simps.’ Pils. FIKAHATCHEE Key, Lee Co. Collected by Clarence B. Moore. Helicina orbiculata Say. Helicina o. clappi Pils. Polygyra c. carpenteriana Bld. ™ Aa = ‘ « — > ad ?. ? a 4 ye | co ‘ ig 5 & = “ * » Pre é oe ‘ ' a has Pe iGes x i on a: “baa » in 7 fat _ ee , a, ee i = Pe - : A 7 aid et ‘ THE NAUTILUS, XXVI. PLATE II VANATTA: VARIATION OF BIFIDARIA PELLUCIDA HORDEACELLA. THE NAUTILUS, XXVI. PLATE III 1, 2,3. UNIO JACKSONIANUS FRIERSON. 4,5. UNIO PURPURIATUS SAY. 6,7. VIVIPARUS WALKERI PILS. & JOHNS. Ce | OF THE university Of THE NAUTILUS. 19 Thysanophora selenina Gld. Thysanophora plagioptycha Shutt. Pupoides modicus Gld. Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils. Bifidaria rupicola Say. Bifidaria contracta Say. Strobilops hubbardi Br. Euglandina rosea Fer. Vitrea dalliana ‘Simps.’ Pils. Guppya gundlachi Pfr. Zonitoides minuscula Binn. Zonitoides singleyana Pils. A SMALL KEY OPPOSITE FLAMINGO, Monroe Co. Collected by Clarence B. Moore. Polygyra c. carpenteriana Bld. GitBert’s, Lee Co. (near Matanzas Pass). Collected by Clar- ence B. Moore. et 8 Bifidaria rupicola Say! © * + wn. Grass Key, Monroe Co. Collected by J. S. Raybon. Truncatella caribeensis ‘ Sby’ Rve. Key West, Monroe Co. Collected by Dr. H. A. Pilsbry and C. T. Simpson. Truncatella caribeensis ‘ Sby.’ Rve. Helicina o. clappi Pils. Thysanophora incrustata Poey. Thysanophora plagioptycha Shutt. Polygyra cereolus Muhlf. Urocoptis poeyana variegata Pfr. Microceramus pontificus Gld. Pupoides modicus Gld. Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils. Opeas gracile Hutt. Opeas micra Orb. Euglandina rosea minor Binn. Varicella g. floridana Pils. Succinea campestris Say. Lienum Vira Key, Monroe Co. Collected by Clarence B. Moore. Helicina o. clappi Pils. 20 THE NAUTILUS. Lossman’s Key, Monroe County. Collected by Clarence B. Moore. M Helicina orbiculata Say. Helicina o. clappi Pils. Thysanophora selenina Gld. Thysanophora plagioptycha Shutt. Thysanophora caeca Guppy. Polygyra cereolus Muhl. Polygyra c. carpenteriana Bld. Polygyra septemvolva Say. Microceramus pontificus Gld. Strobilops hubbardi Br. Bifidaria rupicola Say. Bifidaria contracta Say. Vitrea indentata Say. Vitrea dalliana ‘ Simpy.’ Pils. Euconulus chersinus Say. Guppya gundlachi Pfr. Zonitoides arborea Say. Zonitoides minuscula Binn. Zonitoides minuscula alachuana Dall. Zonitoides singleyana Pils. “ McItvaine’s PLAcE,” on a small key two miles northeast of arco, Lee Co. Collected by Clarence B, Moore. Polygyra c. carpenteriana Bld. Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils. Bifidaria rupicola Say. Bifidaria contracta Say. Vertigo rugosula oralis St. Guppya gundlachi Pfr. Zonitoides minuscula Binn. Zonitoides singleyana Pils. Lirrte Marco Key, Lee Co. Collected by Clarence B. Moore. Microceramus floridanus Pils. Mormon Key, Monroe Co. Collected by Clarence B. Moore. Truncatella caribeensis ‘ Sby.’ Rve. Truncatella bilabiata Pfr, Polygyra c. carpenteriana Bld, THE NAUTILUS. ay NameE.ess Key (Mr. Addison’s), two miles east of Marco, Lee Co. Collected by Mr. Moore. Pupoides modicus Gld. No Name Key, Monroe Co. Collected by Dr. Pilsbry. Chondropoma dentatum Say. Helicina o. clappi Pils. Thysanophora selenina Gld. Thysanophora incrustata Poey. Thysanophora plagioptycha Shutt. Praticolella jejuna Say. Drymeus multilineatus Say. Microceramus pontificus Bld. Cerion incanum Binn. Strobilops floridanus Pils. Varicella g. floridana Pils. Vitrea dalliana ‘ Simps.’ Pils. Guppya gundlachi Pfr. Bie Pato Arto Key, Dade Co., collected by Clarence B. Moore. Helicina o. clappi Pils. PaAnTHER Key, Lee Co., collected by Clarence B. Moore. Polygyra c. carpenteriana Bld. Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils. Bifidaria rupicola Say. Guppya gundlachi Pfr. Zonitoides singleyana Pils. EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. Bifidaria pellucida hordeacella (Pils). Fig. 1, 3,5. Forma. Key West Fla. A. N.S. 104029. Fig. 2. Forma. New Braunfels, Texas. . xc «< z BALDWIN. D:D. THE NAUTILUS. VoL. XXVI. NOVEMBER, 1912. No. 7 NOTES ON MAINE MOLLUSCA. BY REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY. For the purpose of making a more careful examination of the warm-water colonies in Maine, the writer spent two weeks at Wis- casset and the same time at Orr’s Island in Casco Bay. General collecting at Wiscasset revealed the same species that I found on former visits. A careful search in sheltered places revealed several colonies of Odostomia trifida and bisuturalis, especially large and abundant at Edgecomb. = es > ji ae * Bw - 4 * i ; ‘ t ‘ re a ee ~ ot ore a re Bo YY Fe a e é _9@9 eee i ee a se THE NAUTILUS, XXVI. PLATE VII 1-3. CYPRAZA HIRASEI ROBERTS. 9. OVULA NIPPONENSIS PILS. 4, OVULA HIRASEI PILS. 10, 11. TRIVIA EOS ROBERTS. 5-8. CYPRAA HUNGERFORDI KIIENSIS ROBERTS. THE NAUTILUS. VoL. XXVI. JANUARY, 1913. No. 9 NEW CYPREIDE. BY S. RAYMOND ROBERTS. Recently there was sent to me for examination by Mr. Y. Hirase, Kyoto, Japan, a small but extremely interesting lot of shells, mostly belonging to the Cypreide, two species of which I believe to be new to science. CYPR#ZA HIRASEI, n. sp. Plate 7, figs. 1, 2, 3. Shell pyriformly ovate, extremities produced, base convex; only moderately calloused laterally, the callus extending well up the dome on the left side, but not on the right. Dorsal surface longitudinally and spirally faintly ridged or malleated in irregular spiral series,' this sculpture obsolete towards the anterior end. Aperture nearly straight, the upper fourth a little curved; inferior third a little dilated; teeth small, about 27 on each side and well within the aperture. Ground work of dorsal surface creamy white, three banded with flesh color, over which there is a tracery or imperfect reticulation and near the borders of the lateral calluses a few blots of yellowish brown ; topped with a conspicuous irregular blotch of a darker shade. Extremities pink, base white, sides, especially the left side, faintly spotted pinkish brown. Length 51, diam. 32, elevation 26 mm. Habitat, Tanabe, Kii Coast, Japan (Hirase). 1 This malleation, while conspicuous enough in the shell does not show in the photographic figure. It resembles the malleation of a rough Lymnza palustris. 98 THE NAUTILUS. The sculpture and pattern of the dorsal surface of this beautiful shell resembles somewhat that of some ovate examples of C. subviridis Rve., it differs however in having the spire produced, instead of sunken; the aperture is less curved posteriorly, the teeth more numerous and the sides faintly spotted, the form of the columella within the aperture is also entirely different, being broad and excavated, with a second series of about 6 teeth deep within. But one specimen was obtained which belongs to the collection of Mr. Hirase, in whose honor it gives me great pleasure to dedicate the species. Mr. Hirase sent me also two specimens of a Cypraea which after as exhaustive a study as I have been able to make, I am inclined to consider a strongly marked variety if not sub-species of C. hunger- fordi Sowb. The tollowing description is therefore offered. CYPRHA HUNGERFORDI KIIENSIS, n. subsp. PI. 7, figs. 5, 6, 7, 8 Shell pyriform, dorsal surface creamy white, closely freckled with light chestnut-brown spots and indistinctly banded with pale purplish- brown clouds or diffuse spots ; extremities, sides and base salmon, the sides more or less spotted with blackish-brown, along the edges of the lateral calluses. Aperture nearly straight, teeth in outer lip rather coarse, 17 or 18 in number, those on columella marginal, white, somewhat smaller and extending well within the aperture. Length 81, width 194, alt. 153 mm. Length 31, width 19, alt. 15 mm. Habitat, Kii coast, Japan (Hirase). The dorsal surface of a speci- men not fully mature is faintly ornamented with a broad, brown- ish band, the spots on the sides are more numerous and run together (fig. 9). Compared with the description of the typical C. hungerfordi, a shell which I have never seen, it has fewer teeth and the margins are not thickened. This is obvious in figs, 5-7, which represent a shell cer- tainly adult. The coloration is also quite different and were it not for the locality from which it was obtained, I might claim for it recognition as a full species. There were also in the collection, much larger specimens of C. cernica Sowb. than I had before seen, and TJrivia tnsecta, Mighels, grando, Gask., oryza, Lam. and pilula Kien. This last shell, which heretofore I had placed in the synonymy of 7rivia globosa Gray, is THE NAUTILUS. 99 to my mind undoubtedly entitled to specific distinction, which more recent observers have accorded it. TRIVIA EOS, n. sp. Plate 7, figs. 10, 11. Shell globosely ovate with rounded base, white, rather finely ribbed. Dorsal line indicated by a narrow smooth area from which ribs diverge in every direction, a few being interposed on both sides ; posteriorly they pass directly over the spire, which projects well, showing five whorls. On the ventral side the spiral ribs have an oblique trend and extend well into the aperture, where they decrease in number and become coarser. The aperture is rather narrow, but slightly wider anteriorly, outer lip thickened outside, strongly ribbed transversely, with about 29 ridges forming teeth on the inner margin; retracted anteriorly, The inner lip bears a very small callous projection above, and near the base there is a rounded ridged lobe projecting inward. Length 25.7, diam. 20, alt. 17 mm. Habitat, Boshu, Japan (Hirase). This magnificent Trivia is named for the “Sunrise Kingdom.” Type in the collection of Mr. Hirase, In size it is approached only by T. oniscus Lam. of South Africa, which however differs by its pink color, larger smooth dorsal area, fewer ribs, shorter spire, and especially by its much wider aperture, as in other members of the South African group of Trivias, to which 7. eos has but little affinity. It should be noted that the irregularity on the left side of fig. 10 is wholly an effect of light in the photograph, as that slope of the shell is perfect and evenly curved. A COLLECTOR IN WESTERN CUBA AND THE ISLE OF PINES. BY REV. H. E. WHEELER. A mid-winter vacation is of such rare occurrence in a minister’s career that the generosity of a congregation that made such a thing possible deserves special mention. It was my purpose to join my genial correspondent, Mr. Walter F. Webb, at Baracoa on the North Coast of Cuba, for which port he sailed early last January, but it turned out that we were separated by the length of the island, and my excursion to the Oriente Province was abandoned. Enroute 100 THE NAUTILUS. for Havana I had the unexpected good-fortune to be on the first regular train which passed over the sea-going extention of the Florida East Coast Railway, completing the line from Knight’s Key to Key West. Shortly after my arrival in Havana, I met Dr. Carlos de la Torre, Curator of the Zoological Department in the Academy of Sciences, Havana, and Professor of Biology and Zoology in the University of Havana, and before I could protest I found myself in the toils of characteristic Cuban hospitality. The Doctor’s contri- butions to the literature of Cuban malacology are too well known to readers of the NavTI.us to need any reference here, but it may not be so well known that he was the favorite pupil of Felipe Poey, the most brilliant naturalist which Cuba bas produced. To see his collection is worth the expense of a trip to the Antilles. So far as the described Cuban fauna is concerned it is almost com- plete. Here are specimens of nearly every species, and for the display of a variable shell like Polymita picta, Born, or Coryda alauda, Fer., many ample drawers are required. You may see specimens of Licina percrassa (Wright) Pfr., rarest of Cuban mol- lusks, and of which no living examples have ever been found. Its habitat is Luis Lazo, Pinar del Rio Province, in one of the highest peaks of the Sierra de Los Organos. In fact a drawer of Cuban shells calls up many a vivid scene and many an honored name among the students of molluscan life. Poey and Gundlach and Pfeiffer seem to spring out of the past, speaking with such versatility that you give them respectful audience ; in your imagination Wright and Arango are on the trail of a hundred new species which unaccountably have been overlooked ; the Count Morelet is on the high seas again exploring regions that no natur- alist ever saw before him; and Férussac is rampant with chagrin that some oft-handled snail is crawling about with a name wholly unworthy of its race. Once on Cuban soil, under the spell of matchless evening skies, the dormant or overworked energies aroused by all that a tropical winter can be, why should one sleep? A single rainy day at Ceiba Mocha, at Rangel, or on any limestone mountain-side, and how shall arid plains or denuded hillsides, where only shells of somber hue and homely feature care to dwell, claim any longer a collector’s enthusiasm ? For here is U/fe and color and health, not only in the THE NAUTILUS. 101 lowly kingdom of crawling things, but for the student also who searches out their haunts. It was quite natural that the first shells collected by the writer should have been those introduced by commerce, namely, Rumina decollata, Linn,, and Subulina octona, Brug., but surely I must have seemed, both to natives and tourists, more like an escape from some asylum than a would-be naturalist, engaged, as I was, in turning over unceremoniously the flower-stands in the Parque de Colon, right in the heart of Havana, It was 1878 that Arango published a catalogue! of Cuban shells which included also those trom the Isle of Pines, In it 578 land forms alone are enumerated, but since that list was prepared more than a hundred species and sub-species have been described. But this is only a numerical evidence of the richness of the fauna. Arango’s collection is at the Academy of Sciences, and Gundlach’s «‘ Museum ”’ may be seen at the Institute. His (Gundlach’s) obser- vations were published only after the most painstaking study ; birds, reptiles, insects, and shells all claiming his interest. With a con- science for accuracy which is the naturalist’s only passport in the scientific world, he would delay the taxidermy of a mammal or bird until he understood its anatomy and had become thoroughly familiar with its habits. Though I have hardly a bowing acquaintance with ornithology, there were some birds which interested me. Among them was a Phzthon,’ the nearly extinct “‘guacamayo’”’ (Ara tricolor), and the “carpintero real” (Picus bairdi). The stately flamingo (Phaeni- copterus ruber Linn.) is common enough, I suppose, but of irresistible plumage. I was attracted by a turtle (Hmys rugosa), which I saw in great numbers near Camoa, and my attention was called to a curious fresh-water fish* which has survived the evolutional changes of nobody knows how many thousand years. Here also could be 1“QTa Fauna Malacologica Cubana, par Rafel Arango y Molina,” Havana, 1878, 2 Phethon flavirostris Brandt, the only representative of the Phethontide which visits our Eastern seaboard. 3 Lepistosteus (Atractosteus) tristechus, Block, a species still living in Mexico and the Southern United States. 102 THE NAUTILUS. studied that rare insectivorous mammal, which from its channeled teeth, is called Solenodon (S. cabanus Peters). There is a related species} in Santo Domingo, but nowhere else, I believe, except in Madagascar, is there an animal, the Centetes, at all like it. The Hutia, a large rodent, which in war times was hunted for food, is represented by three species,’ but one of these, as well as the Soleno- don, belongs to the fauna of Eastern Cuba. At the University of Havana nothing is more touching than the regard in which Felipe Poey is held. His statue, a magnificent work of art, is the chief memorial in the quadrangle, and his library with many interesting relics, and many of his types have their repository in the spacious Museum. The present University, by the way, represents only one of the many far-seeing services rendered the Cuban people, during the American intervention, by Gen. Leonard Wood. He converted the old ordnance factories into University buildings which now fittingly crown the Vedado. At the time of my visit the Professor’s assistants were mounting a recently captured ray (Lebisa), a fish well known by name only to Poey and mentioned in his several works, but which has never been described.2 This curious inhabitant of the Caribbean Sea is from one to two meters in diameter, having a rough spiny skin which has been used by the natives as a dish rag. It has a long, slender, sharply-pointed tail, near the base of which are erected two obliquely- set and forbidding spines, which look much like the stoutly grown thorns of a healthy locust tree. | For one who is interested in botany the notes of A. Richards in Ramon de la Sagra’s ** Historia Fisica Politica y Natural de Cuba,” will be found instructive, and other works, such as the ‘ Flora Cubana,” of Sauvalle, the “Flora Havanensis,” of Gomez de la Maza, and the ‘flora of the British West Indian Islands,’’ of Grise- bach, have an honorable place among the older authorities.‘ 1 Solenodon paradoxus Brandt. 2Capromys fournieri, Desmarest; C. prehensilis, Poeppig; and C, melanurus, Poey. 8’ The description will appear in Poey’s ‘‘ Jctiologia Cubana,” which Dr. de la Torre is now editing for publication, 4This painstaking catalogue has the advantage of being written in English. Its author, A. H. R. Grisebach, M. D., was Professor of Botany in the Uni- versity of Géttingen, and the first edition was published in London in 1864, THE NAUTILUS. 103 Of characteristic trees one should mention the gigantic Cerba,' the ‘‘ West-Indian God-tree,”’ with its strangely distorted and buttressed trunks; the Almacigo,? whose maroon-red bark peels off much after the fashion of our sycamore; and a heavy-foliaged evergreen, the Indian laurel’ everywhere abundant. The deep holes which often corrugate the trunk of the last-named species are favorite retreats for Liguus fasciatus, Mull., and the common Eurycampta bonplandt, Lam. On the Gutiness road near Camoa, I took sixteen specimens of this noble shell from the “ crevices”’ of a single tree. At Matanzas I saw the Salvadera,* a rather large tree whose fruit, when fully ripe, discharges its wedge-shaped seed from a large spherical pod with a violent explosion. When such a catastrophe overtook one of my specimens in my room at the hotel, Iam not sure but that the other guests had good cause to suspect a suicidal termination of an unclassified American. On my trip to CamoaI collected ashrub, the leaflets of which strongly reminded me of our native holly. That evening my Cuban host, seeing what I had in my bag, held up his hands in horror, erying, ** Guao! Guao!,’ and immediately calling some tongs into requisition, unceremoniously disposed of my beautiful plants. I had collected one of the most poisonous plants® on the Island. A terrible pain and swelling usually attends infection, often fever, and some natures are so sensitive to it that they cannot pass under its shade withont being poisoned. But though it was prophesied that I would pay dearly the penalty of my ignorance, no appreciable inconvenience was suffered. Being already immune to its relative, our common poison-oak,® I am tempted to experiment next with that unnamed plant which Professor Simpson so utterly abhorred.’ 1 Ceiba pentandra Gaertn. —Lriodendron anfractuosum D. C. 2 Bursera gummifera L., of the older authorities, now called Elaphrium simaruba (L.). This tree is common in Florida, there being known as the “« gumbo-limbo,”’ 3 Ficus nitida L. * Hura crepilans L., of the family Euphorbiacex, called in English-speaking countries “ sand-boz.” 5Comocladia platyphylla. Another member of this genus which occurs in the Western provinces of Cuba is C. dentata. The (Hippomane mancinella L.), however, is a much more dangerous plant, and immunity from one class of poisons does not justify such a prospect in respect to others. 6 Rhus radicans Linn. 7See ‘‘Collector’s Journal,” Vol. I, No. 4, in loco. 104 THE NAUTILUS. Ceiba Moche, a little village of thatched cabins near Matanzas, is a famous place for shells. Though the season was unusually dry, I collected the following species there in a few hours : Oleacina oleacea, Fér. Helix (Microphysa) stigmatica, Pfr. Oleacina solidula, Pfr. Jeanneretia multistriata, Desh. Thysanophora vortex, Pfr. Eurycampta bonplandi, Lam. Cysticopsis debilis, Pfr. Thelidomus auricoma, Feér. Cysticopsis cubensis, Pfr. Liguus fasciatus, Miill. Urocoptis scaeva, Gund. One of the two sinistral representatives of this genus found in Cuba, the other being Urocoptis coronadoi, Ar., from Marianao, near Havana. Urocoptis fortis, Gund. Urocoptis gracillima, Poey. Urocoptis philippiana, Pfr. This beautiful species has not been previously reported from this locality. It had chosen a piece of wall unoccupied by other Urocoptids, and seemed to have developed a prosperous colony. Megalomastoma apertum, Poey. Ctenopoma rugulosum, Pfr. Chondropoma dentatum, Say. Chondropoma pictum, Pfr. This species is distinct from pfeiffer- tanum, Poey. The animal differs by having red tentacles, and in the shell the peristome is simple. ‘The sexes are separate, the male being always about one-third smaller than the female. On the female shell is generally to be seen a white mark caused by the abrasive contact of the male. Eutrochatella sloanei, Orb. Emoda submarginata, Gray. Helicina adspersa, Pfr. Alecadia nitida, Pfr. Alcadia hispida, Pfr. The Jeanneretia multistriata calls to mind a bit of history. Ch. Jeanneret was a Swiss watch-maker who, in 1868, was living at Santiago de Cuba. He discovered many important species, and was a valued correspondent both of Gundlach and Poey. But being taken for a spy during one of the political uprisings he was shot from across the river. His collection was lost. The subgenus Jeanneretia, erected by Pfeiffer in his honor, is a genuine Cuban group, and is remarkable for its spiral ridges. Its most typical representative is Jenneretia sagraiana, named by A. d’Orbigny in honor of Don Ramon de la Sagra, the author of the famous “ Historia fisica, politica y natural de la Isla de Cuba,” 10 volumes, Paris, 1840-— 1850. THE NAUTILUS. 105 Another species which bears the name of an almost forgotten naturalist is Helix parraiana, Orb. D. Antonio Parra was a native of Spain, and has the distinction of having written the first work on Cuban fishes. This was published in 1787, the engravings being made on wood by his son. His expedition was furnished by the Museum of Madrid, but his work on the fishes and crustaceans was printed in Cuba. The Loma de Camoa’ is a locality which has been thoroughly ex- plored, but as it can be reached in an hour from Havana on the electric railway, it is impossible to pass it by. Here I collected the following species : Oleacina oleacea, Fér. Polygyra paludosa, Pfr. Oleacina solidula, Pfr. Helix (Microphysa ?) stigmatica, Pfr. Oleacina subulata, Pfr. Cysticopsis cubensis, Pfr. Thysanophora vortex, Pfr. Jeanneretia multistriata, Desh. Thelidomus auricoma, Fér. Eurycampta bonplandi, Lam. Liguus fasciatus, Mill. At Cardenas this species is white, gen- erally devoid of all markings, save occasionally a few green lines on the last whorl. But at Matanzas—less than twenty-five miles to the west—it is richly adorned, and like Joseph’s coat, with many colors, and the apex is almost invariably a rosy hue. Urocoptis humboltiana, Pfr. Urocoptis cyclostoma, Pfr. Urocoptis ischna, Pils. I am convinced that ischna is only a form of cyclostoma. The smooth form is generally found in the stone walls at the base of the hill, and on either side of the pro- vincial road, but with it is a costate form that links it with the ribbed variety. This (ischna) is usually collected on the exposed cliff above where the heat of the sun would supposedly develop such a protective sculpture, and a series of specimens can be laid down showing the imperceptible transition from the typical and original form down to the elaborately ribbed variety. Succinea sagra, Orb. Eutrochatella sloanei, Orb. Cistula catenata, Mke. Eutrochatella babei, Arango. Chondropoma dentatum, Say. Helicina adspersa, Pfr. Chondropoma pfeifferianum, Poey. Alcadia nitida, Pfr. Proserpina depressa, Orb., a species without operculum. ' Loma = hill; otherwise known as ‘‘Jamaica,” and for that reason a frequent occasion for confusion of localities. 106 THE NAUTILUS. The following species are also known from this locality : Hyalinia gundlachi, Pfr. Macroceramus unicarinatus, Lam. Microceramus turricula, var. perconicus, Pils. Melaniella acuticostata, Orb, Urocoptis camoensis, Pfr. and Vertigo pellucida, Pfr., which I found abundantly at Mariano. In a small “laguna ” near Camoa I found Ampullaria conica, Wood, a Planorbis, Ancylus havanensis, Pfr., and Physa cubensis, Pir. At Guanabacoa in the Havana Province there is a vigorous colony of Carocolus sagemon, var. semiaperta, Mart., which has a curious history. The species belongs to Eastern Cuba. Some fifty years ago Dr. Nicolas Gutierrez, the founder of the Academy, and one of Cuba’s most distinguished scientists, put some young sagemons in his garden at S. Francisco de Paula, near Guanabacoa. They were typical Caracolus arangiana in different colors, some with and some without umbilicus. But all are now umbilicated, and correspond precisely with the variety named by Martens, semiaperta (not in Arango), which came originally from the Cauto river near Bayamo.! Cardenas and Matanzas are well worth a visit whether one has visions of snails or not. The former city—the fifth in size on the Island?—is 106 miles from Havana by rail, and its commerce in honey, mahogany and asphalt has been augmented greatly by Ameri- can enterprise. Indeed Cardenas has been called an American city, though I saw fewer Americans and heard less English there than in other western ports. However, the whole city turned out on Sun- day to witness the increasingly popular American game—baseball. I heard a missionary, whose church joined hard against a black- smith shop, patiently compete for a hearing with its busy anvil, and just across the narrow street rang deafeningly and incessantly the electric gong of a moving picture show, which form of amusement has become as fully identified with Cuban life as it has oztrun our American taste for cheap entertainment. The beautiful Bay is very ample but shallow, and lies over extensive beds of asphalt. The water is almost fresh from the constant upward flow of some mighty subterranean river, or perhaps from many streams flowing through the limestone rock of this region. | Here I found flourishing churches, well disciplined schools, and 1Prof. Pilsbry considers semiaperta only a variety of arangiana. 2Its population is about 25,000. THE NAUTILUS. 107 an extensive Museum, whose director, Sr. Francisco Blanes, is an ardent conchologist as well as a devout Christian. In fact, the Museum owes many of its choicest collections to this generosity, and in token of their appreciation the Trustees have given him a life pension and made him honorary curator. In the court of the new Museum building Bulimulus sepulchralis, Poey and Ennea bicolor, Hutt., the latter introduced within the past decade, had found a congenial home. At Matanzas I was the recipient of many courtesies. Dr. Luis A. Cuni, Professor of Natural Sciences in the Instituto de Matanzas, gave me an automobile excursion through the beautiful Yumuri Valley, which lies under the protecting care of the Palenque de Matanzas, and its twin ‘loaf ”’ the Pan de Matanzas.' We ascended the San Juan river in a trim launch getting a magnificent view of the verdant meadows and the palm-crested mountains, At the Bellamar caves our guide was an old Cuban who claimed to be their discoverer fifty years ago, and who seemed to be veritably a part of their grotesque formations. With Dr. Valdez graciously serving as interpreter, Dr. Cuni and I compared notes on Natural History, and parted the best of friends. To the west of the city rises the Loma de Simpson. On its summit is a hermitage—the Ermita de Montserrate—which preserves a cherished memorial of Spanish ecclesiastical history. In this revered situation I collected two interesting Urocoptids— U. poeyana, Orb., and UW. elegans, var. auberiana, Orb.,—and many beautiful Liguus from the thorny hedges of the Euphorbia I reached the crest of the hill in the early morning, and I shall not soon forget the panorama of La Cumbre, the mountains set against the deepest of blue skies, the Valle de Yumuri, a mighty garden of Royal Palms and tropical flowers, nor the beautiful city itself, whose buildings in dazzling white seemed to step down to the bay with stately tread. The Bay of Matanzas is an esthetic challenge; not until you see for yourself, my gentle reader, will you believe that it has mastered the science of color and perfected the art of display. 1Both of these mountains are famous for their shells. Nothing is more attractive in the cabinet than a well selected series of Chondropoma presasianum, Gundl., and Chondropoma irradians, Shutt., which can be collected on both “ ” pans. 2 Euphorbia lactea, Han, 108 THE NAUTILUS. The Matanzas fauna was studied and described by Pfeiffer. Dr. L. Pfeiffer came to Cuba from Germany with Dr. Juan Gundlach, the ornithologist, and Edward Otto, the botanist, in 1839. Pfeiffer and Otto left after a residence of two months, but Gundlach re- mained, and for more than fifty years he devoted his talents to the exploration of Cuba’s Natural History, becoming a worthy co-laborer of Poey. (To be concluded.) NOTES. Dr.' Pilsbry will sail from San Francisco Jan. 7th, for the Hawaiian Islands, where he will spend several months in studying Achatinellide for the Manual of Conchology. Articles and notes for publication in ‘THe Navutixus should be sent, up to April Ist, to Mr. Johnson. FEEDING HABITS OF ARIOLIMAX.—Dr. C. Hart Merriam who has been summering in the redwood forest of Marin County California sends some interesting notes about the feeding habits of Ariolimax columbianus. He observed it taking the fallen drupes of the California laurel (Umbellularia) which have a tough skin covering a_ layer of pulp outside of a hard kernel. The snail took the fruit by the end which had been attached to the stem and was able, by protruding the buccal mass, to eat out the pulp between skin and kernel for about half the surface of the fruit without break- ing the rind. Subsequently it was observed to gnaw off the base of a toadstool about 3 inches in height with a stem a quarter of an inch in diameter, and make a meal of the stem. It is probable not- withstanding its ‘‘carnivorous”’ dentition that these slugs live chiefly on such vegetable matter. W. H. Dar MusseEts in A WATER Main.—The London Metropolitan Water Board officials have just made an extraordinary discovery. Re- cently it was found that a 36-in. water main at Hampton-on-Thames was showing signs of becoming choked. It was opened, and 90 tons of fresh-water mussels were taken out of a quarter of a mile of the main. The mussels were so tightly massed that the bore was reduced from 36 in. to 9 in.— Popular Mechanics, Nov. 1912. Pa THE NAUTILUS, XXVI. PLATE VIII NEW CUBAN UROCOPTIDE. HE NAUTILUS. Von. XXXVI. FEBRUARY, 1913. TWO NEW CUBAN UROCOPTIDE. BY U. A. PILSBRY AND J. B. WENDERSON, JR. Urocoptis (GONGYLOSTOMA) LONGA,n. sp. Pl. VIII, figs. 9, 10- The shell is cylindric or pillar-shaped, a trifle widest in the middle, tapering slightly to the rather wide truncation; whitish or pale brown, indistinctly mottled or rather distinctly streaked with brown; glossy, smooth, the last whorl thread-striate, contracted and angular above the origin of the neck, which is free and descends shortly. The aperture is somewhat oblique, subcircular. The peristome is rather broadly expanded, reflexed, white, usually brown- tinted below. Axis slender, encircled with a small, sub-basal lamella which is minutely spinose in the upper whorls. Length 14.2, diam. 2.1, aperture 2 mm.; 134 whorls. Length 15.5, diam. 2.1, mm.; 133 whorls. A small rocky hill at Zaza del Medio, at the junction of the Sancti Spiritus branch with the Cuban Central R. R., Province of Santa Clara, collected by H. A. Pilsbry, April 15, 1904. This species belongs to the group of U. wrighti as defined in the Manual of Conchology, vol. XV, p. 263. It differs from the species there described by its smooth surface. It is also different from the several new forms recently found by Professor de la Torre, all of which have been compared. 110 THE NAUTILUS. Urocortis (GONGYLOSTOMA) CARA n. sp. Plate VI, figs. 27-30. The shell is very slender, pillar-shaped, of nearly equal diameter throughout, or tapering slightly towards the truncate summit whitish, copiously mottled and streaked with brown; glossy, smooth (or rarely showing very weak traces of widely spaced stria), the last whorl regularly thread-striate. The whorls are slightly convex, the last compressed towards its base, which is angular above the origin of the neck, last half whorl free, tubular and descending, rounded or having a weak keel below. The aperture is subcircular, white within, rather oblique; peristome broadly expanding, reflexed, white. The axis is encircled by two small, nearly equal lamella the upper one more oblique, the lower thinner and shortly spinose. In the penultimate whorl the axis becomes noticeably gyrate and the upper lamella disappears. Length 16.5, diam. 2.1, aperture 2.1 mm.; 144 whorls. Leneth 22.3, diam. 2.3, aperture 2.3 mm.; 20 whorls. Length 13, diam. 2 mm.; 124 whorls, “San José rocks’* about 2 miles northeast of Sancti Spiritus, Province of Santa Clara, Cuba, H. A. Pilsbry, April, 1904. Several hundred specimens were taken from the vertical rocks where they clung in abundance, though in the main lodged in crevices and holes, like most of the slender Gongylostome, they vary widely in size and number of whorls. No complete individuals were found; and it appears that about 12 or 15 whorls are lost in large adults. U. cara differs from species of the U. wrighti group by having two equal axial lamelle. It is probably related to the unfigured U. tmparata (Arango) which is described as fusiform-cylindric, whitish, with entire spire and 17 whorls. UROCOPTIS HIDALGO! CABRASENSIS, n. var. Pl. VIII, fig. 16. Differs from U. hidalgot by the sparse, weakly developed sutural nodules, shorter, less closely costate neck, and by having an inter- mediate collumellar lamella between the two large ones in the autepenultimate whorl. ‘The shell is corneous with white streaks and macule, smooth except on the last whorl. Length 134, diam. in the middle 8 mm.; 94 whorls remaining. Cerra de Cabras, Pinar del Rio, collected by J. B. Henderson, Jr., 1909. TUE NAUTILUS. Lid A COLLECTOR IN WESTERN CUBA AND THE ISLE OF PINES. BY REV. H. Ej. WIHEELER. (Concluded from page 108). The last few days of my vacation were spent on an excursion to the Isle of Pines, and [ was fortunate in having Dr. de la Torre for a travelling companion. Looking at the map one sees that in out- line it is very like the profile of an ancient volante, the typicay Cuban carriage, and this comparison has been handed down by those who travelled in that curious and now almost forgotten vehicle. Baron von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland visited the Island early in the nineteenth century, making important geological and botanical observations. The first conchologist to explore its shores was D. Jose M. Velasquez. This was sometime in the early thir. lies, but he published no description of the species collected. A little later Count Arthur Morelet made an expedition to the Antilles, sailed around the Isle of Pines, landing near the present capital, Nueva Gerona, on the Casas River. His book, entitled ‘* Testacea Novissima Insule Cuhbane et Americe Centralis,” describes species collected here as well as in Cuba and Central America. The species described from the Isle of Pines were: Oleacina folliculuris (= O. subulata, Pfr?). Oleacina paragramma (= O. solidula, Pfr.). Cylindrella (Urocoptis) pruinosa, Cyclostoma semicanum, a very rare species from the South Coast.’ Cyclostoma pupoides. Cyclostoma disjunctum (a synonym of C. moreletiana, Petit, dis- junctum being preoccupied). Helicina (Priotrochatella) constellata,? and Helicina scopulorum. Poey described Trochatella stellata* from Velasquez’ manuscript. This species is not found on the Sierra de Casas, the home of its nearest congener, Trochatella constellata, but on the Sierra de 1Published 1849-1851. 2 At Carapachi Bei, meaning “ Turtles’ Bay,” a name given to it by the fishermen of Cayman’s Islands. 3See Revue Zool., 1847, p, 147. *See Poey, Mem. I., pp. 117, 447; and Jay, Cat. 1850. 112 TUE NAUTILUS. Caballos, a mountain some three miles to the East of Las Casas and across the Casas River. Gundlach visited the Island about the year 1854 and collected all the species previously described and some others which were de- scribed by Poey and Pfeiffer. These were: Chrondropoma dissolutum, Pfr., a species so near Chondropoma pictum that it may be worthy of a varietal position only. Trochatella luteo-apicata, Poey. Trochatella callosa, Poey. Helix (Jeanneretia) pityonesica, Plr., which so far as studied does not appear to be distinguishable save, in size from the common multistriata.? Helix (Cysticopsis) comes, Poey (near cubensis, Pfr.). Glandinella (Bulimus) poeyanus, Pfr., together with a new genus, Pineria, which is represented by four species only two of which were described from the Isle of Pines. These were: Pineria beathiana, Poey, and Pineria terebra, Poey. The latter is not only one of the rarest, but also one of the most curious, of land shells. The only addition to the fauna of the Isle of Pines since Gundlach is Certon pinerium, Dall, and a variety of this species is claimed by its discoverer to be the smallest of the genus. It was Dr. de Ja Torre’s hope to find some new thing in the Sierra de la Canada in the interior of the Island. But this range proved ? which surely have to be a quartz formation covered with pine trees, the right of way, so far as native vegetation is concerned, on the Island. The common grass of this region is Hypericum galioides, Lam. At the foot of the mountain, however, we collected Oleacina oleacea, Fer. Subulina octona, Brg, Helix (Jeanneretia) pityonesica, Pfr. Thysanophora vortex, Pfr. On the Sierra de Casas we collected all the known species from that locality, Urocoptis pruinosa, Mor., rather plentifully. ‘There seemed to be two forms of this species, one which was stout and large, the other much more slender, but fully as long. Near Nueva 1The generic position of multistriata is still problematical, and can only be definitely established by an examination of the soft parts. 2 Pinus caribea Morelet. This tree grows also in Western Cuba, Florida and the Bahamas, and until recently (1904) has been confused with Dinus cubensis Griseb., the pine of Eastern Cuba. TUE NAUTILUS. 113 Gerona we collected two fresh-water species, Ampullaria conica, Wood, and Physa cubensis, Pir. Everywhere we saw great colonies of ants’ which are there so destructive to vegetation. One of the most dread pests, however, is the Jejene? (pronounced hay-hay-nie), a tiny fly, smaller than a gnat, whose sting, while not very painful, raises innumerable little bumps on the skin which smart unpleasantly. They travel in swarms and are not barred by ordinary mosquito netting, and, their favorite time for attack being in the night, one can only escape their ravages under a canopy of closely woven goods. When the Cuban wishes to take off a conceited man, he says: ** He knows also where the jejene lays his eggs,” something, by the way, which even the Naturalist has not yet discovered. Of the parrots the Ara (tricolor is about extinct, but the “ Catarra”’ (Chrysolis leucophali), the white-headed parrot, is still abundant, as well as the ** Perico”’ (Conurus evops), a small paroquet with a long tail. Some six thousand of these birds are exported annually for pets, but to be trained to talk must be taken from the nest. The rare * Cuyama,” known to us as the Wood Ibis ( Tantalus loculator, Linn.), seems here to adorn itself with all the glory it can borrow in a tropical environment, The giant among the trees of this Island is the Yagruma,* whose dead leaves infold themselves making a good retreat for snails and wasps alike. One of the abundant wild fruits is the Zcaco‘ used in preparing a sweet jelly, but this is found also in the coasts of Cuba. At the foot of the Sierra de Casas we saw that peculiar Anacardiun? which produces a huge seed, shaped like a pear, externally to the fruit. The bottle palm,’ called in Spanish Barrigona, having a bulge in its trunk like an Indian club, could not fail to attract attention, and another common palm was the A/iraguana,® with slender trunk, whose leaves filled out a circle as perfectly as a daisy. ‘Spanish * Bibijagua,”’ Al/a cephalotes, 2(Bcacta furens, Poey, not to be mistaken for the larger and less vivacious sand-fly. 3 Cecropia peltata. See Prof, Simpson’s reference to this and other Cuban trees in the “ Collectors’ Journal,” Vol. I. Nos. 3, 4 and 5, His paper is entitled: ‘‘ Notes from a Collecting Trip in Cuba.” 4Anacardium occidentale, L. 5 Colpothrinax wrighttt Griseb. and Wendland. 8 Colpothiiniz miraguano. pan 114 THE NAUTILUS. What of commercial opportunities in the Isle of Pines? Opinions will vary. But some indication may be had in the fact that out of a total population of eight thousand, five thousand are Americans. The land itself is by no means fertile. There is nothing specially inviting in the scenery, excepting the North Coast, and educational advantages are quite meager. Schools and churches there are, and many cultured people, but morals are at a low ebb generally. The climate is the Island’s greatest asset, and its chief products will always be the citrus fruits. NEW JAPANESE OVULIDE. BY Hl. A. PILSBRY. OvuLa (NEOSIMNIA) HIRASEI, n. sp. Plate 7, fig. 4 The shell is fusiform, its greatest diameter contained 2.8 times in the length; thin, bluish white, the ends pale ochre colored for a distance of 4 or 5 mm.; glossy, under the lens showing distinct very fine longitudinal striation, and about 6 oblique, low and well sepa- rated spiral cords at the lower end, one or two more than this at the summit. The rest of the surface has a microscopic spiral striation, so minute as to be hardly noticeable except under the compound microscope. The two ends are about equally produced, pointed, Outer lip thickened outside and within, retracted at both ends, very indistinctly angular near the lower end, columella straight and simple. Near the summit there is a low, indistinct spiral swelling very obliquely encircling the axis. Length 28, diam. 10 mm, Province of ‘Tosa, Japan, Y. Hirase. This species is eee and less swollen than O. the TNE Wein- kauft (= Ovulum spelta Sowb., Thes. p. 480, pl. 100, f. 63, 64, not of Linné). It is decidedly more inflated than O. carpenter’ Dkr, The axial fold above is quite weak in O. Acraset, and the coloration is characteristic. OvuULA NIPPONENSIS, n. sp. Plate 7, fig. 9. The shell is oval, angular at the ends, glossy, bright flesh-pink gradually becoming paler towards the lip; very indistinctly 4- handed with brown, maculate with brown on the back and behind THE NAUTILUS. 115 the ends of the outer lip, which is fleshy yellowish on the face. Sculpture of irregular growth-lines and weak, microscopic spiral Striation, scarcely visible except under the compound microscope, At each end there are about seven spiral grooves, which are widely separated except close to the ends. ‘The outer lip is very convex on the face, somewhat thickened outside, incurved and armed with about 28 unequal, not very strong teeth. The grooves between the teeth extend as far as the middle of the face of the lip. The colu- mella bears a strong white fold, terminating outwardly in a vertical callus on the ventral side of the base of the shell. There is scarcely any anterior notch. Posteriorly the callus of the peristome extends downward from the apex and towards the aperture. Deep within the aperture there is a longitudinal callous ridge on the parietal wall of the aperture. Length 13.5, diam. 9 mm. Fakara, Awaji, Japan, Y. Hirase. This belongs to a rather numerous group of species, among which it is nearest to O. bulla Adams and Reeve (Zool. Samarang p. 21, pl. 6, fig. 5). ‘The new form is less narrow anteriorly and differ- ently colored. It is blunter at the ends than O. punctata. A NEW LYMNAEA FROM MONTANA. BY FRANK C. BAKER. GALBA MONTANENSIS, Nn. sp. Shell of medium size, rather thin, translucent, ovate-turreted ; periostracum light horn color; surface shining, lines of growth distinct, crossed by very fine wavy spiral lines; whorls six, convex, the body whorl somewhat obese; sutures deeply impressed ; spire acute, longer than the aperture ; aperture ovate, outer lip thin; inner lip wide, somewhat triangular, reflexed over the umbilical region ; there is no distinct axial plait, but the inner lip is slightly indented where it touches the parietal wall; the umbilical chink is narrowly open. There are two rest period marks on one adult specimen. Length 14.00; width 6.50; aperture length, 6.80; width 4.00 mill. adult, Length 9.00; width 5.00; aperture length, 5.50; width 3.00 mill. juy. 116 TUE NAUTILCS. Length 14.25; width 8.00; aperture length, 7.00; width 4.00 mill. adult. Length 10.00; width 5,25; aperture length, 5.00; width 3.00 mill. juv. , Type locality. WWayes Creek, near Ward, Montana, in the Bitter Root Mountains, altitude 3824 feet. Types in collection of L. E. Daniels. This Lymnxid belongs to the palustris group and is related to Galba vahlit (* Beck” Moller), It differs from that species in being more solid, the periostracum more polished, and the aper- ture rounder, The greatest difference is in the inner lip, which is roundly and evenly reflexed over the umbilicus, lacking the twist so noticeable in this group, and resembling in this respect such species as Galba bulimoides cockerelli and Galba caperata. MWalf- grown specimens might easily be mistaken for Galba bulimoides, the spiral lines and narrow umbilical chink, however, easily separat- ing them. Vah/it has not been found south of the 55th parallel, and there is, therefore, a wide gap in the range of the two species. The specimens at hand show some variation, one specimen being very obese; while another, which is believed to be typical, has a rather long, turreted spire. The young, half-grown specimens are always obese. ‘The specimens were collected by Mr. L. E. Daniels in April 1912, RADIX AURICULARIA AT CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS. BY W. F. CLAPP. About four years ago, a dam was built across the Charles River at Boston. Above this dem, nearly four miles of the river, which was formerly salt and full of marine life, is now fresh water. In the Nautitvus, Vol. 25, p. 182, Mr. C. W. Jolinson writes of a colony of Modiolus demissus v. plicatulus Lam., which until a few years ago, lived about two miles above the dam. I collected a very fine set of Paludestrina salsa Pils., and a few Odostomia bisuturalis and trifida, in 1593, nearly three miles above where the dam now stands, But records of the marine molluscan fauna of this part of the river seem to be very scarce. TIIE NAUTILUS. 117 In August, 1912, Dr. Walter Faxon brought me three specimens of Radix auricularia (Linn.), which he had found very near the place where I had collected P. salsa, and O. bisuturalis and trifida in 1893. In October, 1912, Dr. Faxon and I collecting again at this spot. secured several more specimens, varying in age from very young to fully mature. All we found were on Chara, and in more or less deep and exposed parts of the river. I examined quantities of Potamogeton without securing a specimen, but nearly every clump of Chara yielded at least one. In the shallow sheltered coves and ditches we found great quantities of Galba palustris, Planorbis trivolvis, Plunorbis albus, Physa heterostropha and Ancylus parallelus but these species all avoided the deep water of the river as surely as 2. auricnlaria kept away from the shallow places. I have never found Gulba palustris, P. trivolvis, ovr R. auricularia in that part of the river above Watertown which has always been fresh water. The common species there are Pseudo succinea columella and Plaun- orbis bicarinatus, neither of which have yet been found in the river at Cambridge. There are numerous explanations for the sudden appearance of exolic species in unexpected localities. A very popular, and probably in many cases a true one, is that they have escaped from some nearby greenhouse. In support of this theory, I will admit that there are several greenhouses in Cambridge, and that from some of them to the river would be but a short walk, but a comparatively long crawl. SPHERIIDE OLD AND NEW, III. BY V. SrERKI. P. cCoLUMBIANUM,' n. sp.—Mussel of medium size, strongly inflated, outlines (along the valve edges) oval to elliptic without any angles, beaks somewhat behind the middle, large, prominent, rounded or slightly flattened on top, or even calyculate; surface more or less uneven from lines of growth, somewhat shining, with fine irregular stria, color light corneous to yellowish, often in alter- nating zones, shell thin, sub-translucent ; hinge rather slight, cardinal teeth small, the right curved with the posterior end thicker, left 1The name is not strictly in conformity with the rules, but appears prefer- able to columbiense. 118 THE NAUTILUS. anterior with apex pointed, posterior quite short; ligament and resilium rather short and slight. Long. 4.2, alt. 3.6, diam. 3 mm. (100 : 86:71). Long. 8.3, alt. 2.6, diam. 2.3 mm. (100: 79: 70). Hab.: British Columbia, apparently widely distributed and common, and rather variable with respect to size and shape (no doubt, also in Washington, etc.). Vicinity of Esquimalt, collected by Mr. ‘Taylor over twenty years ago, sent by Justice F. R. Latch- ford, No. 6362 cotypes with the lot in Mr. Latchford’s collection, and lots simply marked ** B. C.”’ at least some of them from that vicinity, are in various collections; Chilliwack Creek and Lake, B. C., collected by a member of the Canada Geol. Surv. staff, sent by Mr. Whiteaves ; a marsh, Duncans, B. C., received from Mr. A. W. Hanham. The first specimens were received in 1895, and the species has been regarded as distinct ever since. P. furcatum, n. sp.—Mussel oblique, medium inflated, superior margin little curved, posterior and inferior forming one continuous curve to the rounded-angular anterior end, or the posterior margin slightly subtruncate; supero-anterior slope at an angle with the upper margin, well marked, straight or little curved, at an angle of alt. 45° to the longitudinal axis ; beaks slightly behind the middle, rather large, rounded or slightly flattened on top; scutum and seutellum slightly marked, small; surface polished, with slight, shallow striz; color plumbeous around the beaks, straw along the margins, the two shades not sharply defined, shell subtranslucent in the plumbeous area, rather opaque in the light zones; hinge mod- erately strong, right cardinal tooth curved with the posterior part bifid, the outer, or posterior, shank separated by a groove even above, straight or curved with the convexity below, left anterior short with apex rounded, posterior oblique, slightly curved, the space between them wide posteriorly ; outer laminz of the right valve small; ligament and resilium short, moderately strong. Long. 4, alt. 3.6, diam. 2.8 mm. (100 : 90 : 57). Hab.: Green Lake, Seattle, Washington, collected by Mr. P. B. Randolph, with P. tdahoense Roper and others; types acc. No. 3896 b, part, of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Probably none of the specimens are full-grown. The mussel resembles some forms of P. var/abile Pme., but is more oblique, the color is different, and the cardinal teeth are markedly different ; named from the strongly bifid» or bifurcate, right cardinal. THE NAUTILUS. 119 The mussel also somewhat resembles P. randolphi Roper, from Seattle, Washington, but is much more oblique, the beaks are larger, and the surface striz sre slighter, more shallow, and more distant. P. (fureatum var.?) rhombicum.—Mussel smaller, more oblique, rhombic in outlines; beaks small, color more yellow; the posterior part of the right cardinal tooth is thin and plain and correspondingly the space between the two left ones is quite narrow; ligament short and slight. Long. 3, alt. 2.6, diam. 1.8 mm. (the largest specimen), Also probably none of these are full-grown. Hab.: with the preced- ing,inthesame lot. Apparently of the same group with P. furcatum, to judge from the shape; more material will prove whether the two are distinct or forms of one species. F. W. BRYANT. Mr. F. W. Bryant, of San Diego, Cal., while visiting Hawaii, died of heart failure on October 23, 1912. Born in Ohio about 70 years ago, he was an old friend of the late Prof. A. G. Wetherby, with whom he often collected. He described several species of Californian land shells in ‘Tur Nautiius (vol. XIII, pages 122 and 143, 1900 and Vol. XVI, page 70,1902). Pyramidula bryanti Harper, was named in his honor. NOTES. Lamarcn’s COLLECTION oF SuELLS.—We take the liberty of quoting from a letter to one of the editors written by Mr. Charles Hedley from Geneva, Oct. 18,712. ‘*I have just been through Lamarck’s types and have been rewarded for my trouble by recover- ing two or three lost species. The Lamarckian collection was as you know bequeathed by Delessert to the Geneva Museum. It is in excellent preservation, kept locked up apart from the general collec- tion in four cabinets. ‘The shells are gummed on the usual tablets and in the case of the bivalves the original label in Lamarck’s writing is pasted to the under surface of the tablets. Each tablet has a colored margin to indicate geographical division; thus Australasia dark blue, Indian ocean yellow. ‘ There is also a copy of the 120 TUE NAUTILUS. Animaux sans vertebres annotated by Lamarck himself. I supposed that this neat mounting was done by Chenu, but the present custo- dians did not know. The director and his assistants pay great regard to this collection but they have not a conchologist on the staff. One part of a memoir illustrating by photography the shells of Lamarck has already appeared. I saw proof of the next part which should be issued this year, and will include the bivalves. “This Museum has also the complete collections of Brot, the specialist on Melania, who was a Geneva citizen. Also the collection of Bourguignat, who left it here.’’ BANDED POLYGYRA MOBILIANA: Some months ago I received from Herbert H. Smith a few Polygyra mobiliana Lea from near Mobile, Ala. Most of the shells were immature but I noticed that three adults were distinctly banded and some of the young also showed a faint band. On bringing the matter to Mr. Smith’s atten- tion he examined all that he had remaining and found that the majority of them were banded. Since then Mr. L. H. McNeill of Mobile has collected numerous specimens and finds most of them banded. I have just received 17 specimens from him of which 15 are banded. The band is brown, much darker than the balance of the shell, and is located just above the periphery. Shells collected at Foley, Baldwin Co., are bandless and Smith says that he has seen no banded shells of this species except those collected near Mobile. Mr. McNeill informs me that he got a great many of this species by ‘“‘ sweeping ”’ the grass at night with an insect net.—Gero. H. Ciapp. Murex FULVESCENS Sowerby: Some handsome specimens of this species, pure white in color and measuring about seven inches in length, were recently obtained by Mr. J. H. Holmes in the Gulf of Mexico, off Wakulla Co., Fla., at a depth of 125 feet.—C. W. J. PSEUDOGALBA, NEW NAME FoR SimpsontA.—Mr. Bryant Walker has called my attention to the name Simpsonia, which is preoccupied by Rochebrune (1905), for the Naiad previously known as Chamberlaina duclerct. The name Pseudogalba may be used in place of Simpsonia (Lymneidx of North and Middle America, page 236). It is perhaps expressive of the relationship of the group to Galba.—F rank C. BAKER. THE NAUTILUS. VoL. XXVI. MARCH, 1913. No. 11 COLLECTING IN PANAMA. BY EUGENE W. PRESBREY. In 1850, C. B. Adams, Professor of Zoology in Amherst College, spent six weeks collecting in the waters of Panama Bay. In 1852, under his own direction, he published a complete catalogue of species collected, with careful notes on synonymy, stations and number of each species taken. The writer recently spent two weeks covering carefully exactly the same territory, from Old Panama to Taboga Island, about fifteen miles. It may interest the readers of Tue NautTi.us to know what changes in numbers, stations and characteristics may occur in sixty- three years. Many changes have occurred, due probably to dis- turbed environment. Adams, in six weeks, took 41,835 specimens, 516 species! ! Of these there were 38,920 Gasteropoda, 3876 species! ! In the same season of the year, from the same rocks and sands, with the same tides—eighteen to twenty-four feet—the writer, in two weeks, under most favorable conditions, was able to find only 112 species of Gasteropoda, and about 1000 specimens. Some of these species were not found at all by Adams, who was a careful collector, letting nothing escape him, not even numbers. But the peculiar and interesting fact is that few of the species found in great numbers by Adams are plentiful now, and many of those species are not to be found at all. In many stations other species have taken the place of those found by him. Adams collected 4500 Oliva volutella. These are not there now. Two dead on the beach, and one alive, were all that I found. Of 122 THE NAUTILUS. Oliva porphyria, Adams found only a broken fragment. I hunted in vain for even that. I doubt if Panama is now its natural habitat, as the shell was scarce in 1850 and is not found there now. Adams took 1500 Nassa panamensis on the reef that juts out from the old sea wall. Not a single Nassa is to be found there now. Of Nassa luleostoma, Adams took 3380 near the old sea wall. They are not to be found there now, they having migrated two miles across the bay where a bushel could be taken at one tide. Adams found fourteen species of Nassa, I found four. Adams found incredible numbers of Nerita, two species, took 3200 specimens. Of these only 400 were Nerita scabricosta, the only species to be found in considerable num- bers now on the high-tide rocks. Adams found 29 species of Col- umbella, 8000 specimens ! ! Four good specimens of C. harpae- formis, brought up by hermit crabs, and half a dozen other species, beach worn, rewarded persistent search. Monoceros cingulatum, Adams found only 75, most of them young. Of these one may get a thousand adults in one tide—but not at Panama, at Taboga Island. Adams took 8900 specimens of Litorina, 12 species. Now, only one species to be found in consid- erable numbers. Adams found 110 specimens of Rictnula reeviana, I found one. Conus, then and now: brunneus, 4—0; gladiator, 70—1; ma- hogant, 17—0; nux, 2—12; princeps, 8—4; purpurascens, 12—1; regularis, 1—0; mus, 0O—25. I was fortunate enough to find two specimens of Conus panniculus Lam. at ‘Taboga, one alive, and both splendid specimens. Has this or any other of the Texti been re- corded from the Panama Province? A fine specimen of Conus Sergusont Sby. was found, a species not recorded in the Conch. Iconica, and considered doubtful by Tryon. This specimen, after removal of the olive-green, persistent epidermis, shows perpendicular stripes of delicate yellow alternating with lavender, from rounded shoulder to base where the colors merge into pale ashy brown, colu- mella and interior violaceous white. All other specimens that I have seen are dead white. The figure in Tryon’s manual is not C. Sergusont either in form or color. Jergusont has the rounded shoulder and heavy form of Conus betulinus or C. glaucus, depressed accuminated spire, whorls eight, rounded and canaliculate. Purpura seems to be more plentiful than whem Adams was there. He found 8 species, 600 specimens. Two miles from Panama one THE NAUTILUS. 123 might take a thousand each of four species in a single tide. These seem to flourish under conditions that have driven other species away. Iam unable to recognize many of Adams’ species. Many Marginellas dead in the sandy mud, few alive. Adams saw only fragments of Strombus galea, easily found now, both young and old. All the Strombi attributed to this provinve are found in good condition but, like other species, washed ashore. ‘They are more plentiful than when Adams was there, but found at Taboga only. Ranella caelata, Adams took 190 specimens, alive, at half tide. None alive from high to low tide now. Crabs bring them up in great numbers and good condition. Adams found Murex, 9 species. Found them alive, from half tide to low. Not now. Hermit crabs and diving black boys are the collectors now. Many beautiful and absolutely perfect specimens, too, are washed up dead, to half tide. I found six varieties. Adams names only one species of Fusus (bellus). I took four species at Taboga, two species alive at half tide. Hermits could have furnished a peck. Cancellaria about the same but not alive. Pleurotoma abundant, but in no such numbers as indicated by Adams. Few alive. Certthtum. Adams found 14 species, 3400 specimens! !_ Half a dozen species now brought up by hermit crabs. Turritella banksi. Adams took 350 specimens, one-third of them alive. They have gone to deeper water but crabs bring up fine specimens. Adams found 90 specimens of Pedipes angulata under Panama sea wall, and 650 Auricula panamensis in same station. Not a specimen of anything to be found there now except Purpura in small numbers and Nerita out of water. Adams _ indicated scarcity of Pecten and Pectunculus. Now most plentiful decoration of the beaches. Adams found Cypraea cervinetta, arabicula, punctu- latis and pustulata on the Panama reefs. Not one of these there now. There is no coral. To be found in small numbers at Taboga where there are small patches of coral to furnish food. Recapitulating : for four miles either side of the Canal mouth in the Bay all but the coarser, sturdier forms have disappeared. Chi- tons, Purpura, Siphonaria and Fissurella are there, but few others, and all in small numbers. There is no food on the reefs. Every- where, in the region covered by Adams, the stations and habits have materially changed. It might be interesting to compare individual specimens of to-day with those of same species taken by Adams 124 THE NAUTILUS. sixty-three years ago. Forces capable of changing habitat and habit might change form and characteristics. My method in collecting is to traverse the beaches and from dead or broken fragments of shells, observation of tide currents, eddies, and prevailing winds, mark out probable stations at low water or beyond. The method is seldom wrong and leads to live specimens, either for wading or dredging, in shortest time. Some species in Panama Bay have gone to other stations. Some have disappeared. Nearly all have sought deeper water and stay there. Very solid volcanic rock, some of it nearly pure iron, is continu- ous from two miles west of Panama City to Taboga Island, fourteen miles. The Canal runs through part of it, and over the rest of this strata. Heavy dynamite blasts on the main land and on the islands in the Bay where Canal fortifications are to make another Gibraltar, ean be felt distinctly at Taboga, too far away to be heard, sometimes. These concussions are frequent, occurring many times a day. A break water extends from the mouth of the Canal to the island forti- fications. This breakwater is two miles long, and all day long train- loads of dynamited rock are dumped into the waters of the Bay on either side. It is possible that four years of concussion and waters more or less poisoned by nitroglycerene, plus the sewerage of Pan- ama, may have destroyed food and driven the species to new stations, to deeper water, or worse, destroyed many of them. ‘The volcanic reef ends abruptly a mile out and the water suddenly deepens to thousands of feet. At Taboga the conditions are more favorable and there is superb collecting ground, but even there low tide does not expose the live species—to any encouraging extent. The infer- ence that all Panama species near the Canal have sought deeper water is Justified. There is a big suction dredge at Balboa near the mouth of the Canal. This dredge takes up everything from bed rock to top sand and sends a twelve-inch stream of water, mud, and millions of shells (seldom alive), a mile or two inland to make new land. Most of these shells have not been dead long, some are semi-fossil. There is fine collecting at the end of that pipe. But specimens taken there indicate wholesale destruction of molluscan life at the mouth of the Canal. The most interesting ‘ station ’’ however on the Isthmus is in THE NAUTILUS. 125 Culebra Cut, 150 to 260 feet above mean tide level. There, in squeezed-up marine strata, easily recognizable marine species may be found in considerable numbers. Some are, perhaps, as old as the Tertiary period, but many of them can be duplicated, alive, on the Pacific beaches. Coral is found 262 feet above present mean tide. Fifteen miles away in the Chagres basin marine deposits are also found. Sometime, not so very long ago, there was an open strait where the Isthmus now is. Is the Isthmus younger, very much younger, than scientifically supposed? How much younger? Is there any evidence—not of its age—but of its youth, to be found in the five tons of shell-bearing material sent to Washington by the diggers in Culebra Cut? I don’t know. I’m only a gatherer of shells—with An imagination and some disposition to ask qzestions. ON SOME CUBAN UROCOPTIDE. BY H. A. PILSBRY. The following notes relate to new or rare species collected by the writer in 1904. My journey was a rather rapid one, undertaken with the object of seeing something of the mollusk fauna of the central part of the island, as nearly all the Cuban shells I had studied had been taken in the relatively far richer and more frequently ex- plored regions from Havana Province west, and in Santiago Prov- ince, or Oriente as it is now called. My route was from Havana to Cienfuegos by rail, thence to Casilda, the Port of Trinidad, by the Menendez steamship line, thence to Tunas de Zaza on the south coast; by rail then to Sancti Spiritus, eastward to Majagua in Camaguey Province, and return by way of Matanzas, Collecting was done at the places mentioned as well as at many places along the route, and others within a day’s journey on foot or mule from those named. Around Havana, Matanzas, ete., various well-known Urocoptide were taken which call for no special notice, and also several forms of the U. elegans group—a very difficult series, not yet worked up, and extremely abundant in the environs of Matanzas and in Havana Province. Orocoptis cara P. & H., U. longa P. & H., and the fol- lowing species may be mentioned among the new forms taken. 126 THE NAUTILUS. UrocorptTis (COCHLODINELLA) MEDIANA, n. sp. Pl. VIII, figs. 1, 2, 3. The shell is cylindric-fusiform, the upper half or third tapering slowly to the truncate summit; thin; whitish-corneous with some in- distinct clear corneous maculation. Sculpture of thread-like rib- striae, equal to or narrower than their intervals, nearly straight, slightly oblique, and somewhat irregular, as though a thread were here and there omitted. Close behind the lip the striation is crowded. Suture distinctly denticulated by the rib-striz2. The whorls are slightly convex, the last very shortly free in front, with a cord-like basal keel. The aperture is oblique, circular; peristome expanded and shortly reflected. The axis is slender and simple, as in U. poeyana. Length 18, diam. 4, diam. aperture 3 mm.; 114 whorls. Length 16.5, diam. 3.4, diam. aperture 3 mm.; 11 whorls. Length 15.5, diam. 3, diam. aperture 2.4 mm.; 10 whorls. Zaza del Medio, Province of Santa Clara, on a small rocky hill close to the Cuban Central R. R., under stones. This species is closely related to U. poeyana, from which it differs by the coarser striation, which is moreover irregular in places, while in U. poeyana the sculpture is close and even. Urocoptis (GONGYLOSTOMA) CANTEROIANA (Arango). Pl. VIII, figs. 4, 5. Cylindrella canterotana Gundlach MS., Arago, Anales Real Acad. Ciencias Habana, XII, p. 284, 1876. A translation of the very brief and unsatisfactory description of this species may be found in my Manual of Conchology, XV, p. 254. In 1904 I collected it on the fine hill ** La Vigia,”’ which forms the background of the town of Trinidad, and where Gundlach had col- lected the types a half-century before. I found it on the slope look- ing out over the Caribbean Sea, on the west slope, and in a cave near the foot. Also in the foothills of the Trinidad Mountains on the west side of the valley of Trinidad, and along the trail in these mountains about two miles from San Joan de Letran. The shell is cylindrical, the upper half or third tapering to a rather narrow truncation; uniform light brown, with lighter riblets; somewhat glossy. Sculpture of even, rather strong rib-strix, nearly straight except on the last whorl or two where they are slightly THE NAUTILUS. 127 curved, as wide as their intervals. Sutures rather deep, whorls slightly convex, the last rounded below, very shortly free in front. The aperture is somewhat oblique, shortly oval, a little longer than wide. Peristome continuous and free, very little expanded, some- what thickened, narrowly reflected. Axis bears one thin, minutely crenulated spiral lamella. Length 14, diam. 3 mm.; 13 whorls. Length 12, diam. 2.6 mm.; 134 whorls. Urocortis (GONGYLOSTOMA) CIENFUEGOSENSIS, n. sp. Pl. VIII, figs. 6, 7, 8. The shell is cylindrical, the upper half or third tapering to a rather small truncation; white, mottled and streaked with corneous- gray, as in U. variegata; glossy. Sculpture of rather low, coarse rib-striw, closer and sharper on the tapering whorls and on the neck _behind the lip. Whorls slightly convex, the last rounded below, very shortly free in front. The aperture is slightly oblique and a little longer than wide. Peristome white, expanded and reflected, continuous and free. Axis encircled by a small, thin, minutely serrate lamella. Length 15, diam. 3.1 mm.; 13 whorls. Length 12.5, diam. 3 mm.; 12 whorls. ‘* Lagunilla,”’ a place about 6 miles due north from Cienfuegos, where there are several small brackish lagoons. This species has much external resemblance to U. poeyana lacteo- flua Pils. It is most closely related to U. canterotana Arango, from which it differs by the variegated coloration, weaker ribs and smaller axial lamella. It is the only species of Urocoptis I found in the en- virons of Cienfuegos. The small lagoons at Lagunilla are slightly salt to the taste. The rocks and sticks are thickly coated with Congeria, and there is also Neritina virginea. MICROCERAMUS SANCTISPIRITENSIS, n. sp. Pl. VIII, figs. 11, 12, 13. The shell is shortly rimate, oblong-territe, tapering from the last or the penult whorl in a long cone which is slender and straight- sided above. Ground-color brownish-corneous, becoming gray- corneous on the last whorl, the apex whorl or whorls brown or gray subsequent whorls with sculpture of rib-striz which are white except 128 THE NAUTILUS. where interrupted by narrow patches or streaks of darker ground- color. On the base there are often several spiral corneous bands, leaving one to three spiral zones of long white granules. The rib- strim are nearly as wide as their intervals, weaker in the corneous patches, and continue upon the base. Whorls rather convex, the upper ones more convex ; last whorl rounded, with’a very weak spiral cord defining the base, sometimes almost obsolete. The aperture is oblique; peristome well expanded, white, the columellar margin built forward, in a plane with the outer lip. | Length 12.7, diam. 5.5 mm.; whorls 10. Length 11.3, diam. 5 mm.; whorls 94. Length 9, diam. 4.3 mm.; whorls 9. Near Sancti Spiritus, Province of Santa Clara, at a place called “San José rocks,’’ about two miles northeast of the city. This is a larger shell than MM. petitianus (Orb.), also known as M, tunicula (Pfr.), with stronger, closer striz continuing over the base ; it is not so wide and the spire is Jess attenuated above. The smallest shell found in a large series is 9 mm. long. Nearly all are over 10 mm. 7 San José rocks, conspicuous from Sancti Spiritus as a white ridge, stand upon a low ridge of gneiss which runs north of Sancti Spiritus. The rocks cover only a small area, but form a labyrinth of fissures, caves, tunnels, deep holes and knife-like crests, the whole clothed with trees and vines. Deeper and deeper I went, getting big Me- galomastomas and Helicea in the cool rock chambers. The charm- ing new Urocoptis cora hung on the cliffs. Operculates quite new to me were turning up. Finally I was quite lost in this absurdly diminutive jungle. I had dropped down several cliffs of eight or ten feet in gaining the heart of the thicket, and there was nothing to do but go on in as straight a course as I could steer. Aftera hard scramble of half an hour I emerged on the lower side, wet with perspiration and scratched by the sharp rocks, but happy in the pos- session of a fine bag of snails. The rocks of San José are apparently a remnant of the Oligocene deposits which must once have heavily blanketed the gneiss in this region. Little trace of these beds remains in the country around Sancti Spiritus. I found a variety of this species at Zaza del Medio, where on a small rocky hill or on the adjacent slope to the river I picked up two THE NAUTILUS. 129 lots, of 13 and 5 specimens respectively.’ In one lot the shells are more conic than the types, with the rib-stris more delicate and sharp, obsolete on the base. Specimens measure : Length 10.5, diam. 5 mm.; 94 whorls. Length 10, diam. 5 mm.; 9 whorls. Length 9, diam. 4.2 mm.; 9 whorls. In the other lot the shells are larger but also sculptured with deli- cate, thin rib-striw, much narrower than their intervals. Length 13, diam. 6 mm., 10 whorls. This race may be called var. tenu/striuta (pl. VIII, fig. 14). MICROCERAMUS PERCONICUS TRINIDADENSIS, n. var. PI. VIII, figs. 15, 17, 18. | The shell is imperforate, the last two whorls forming a broad, shortly cylindric part, those above rapidly tapering in form of a straight-pointed cone, slender above ; rather glossy ; corneous-brown, the last 4 or 5 whorls nearly covered with patches on which the stric are opaque white, Whorls convex, the earlier ones more strongly so. Sculpture of regular, closely set, retractive strix, as wide as their intervals, every second or third one a little enlarged at the upper end, forming an irregular series of subsutural papilla. The last whorl is rounded, or there may be an inconspicuous very low cord upon which the strive enlarge, defining the base. The aperture is oblique ; peristome scarcely expanding, slightly thickened and white within, the interior elsewhere light brown. Columella vertical, straight, projecting forward a trifle near the insertion, the margin dilated above and adnate, not built forward. Length 7.3, diam. above aperture 3.2, including aperture 3.75 mm.; whorls 83. Length 7.7, diam. including aperture 3.9 mm.; 9 whorls. Length 5.8, diam. including aperture 3.2 mm.; 8 whorls. West side of ** La Vigia,”’ Trinidad, under stones, ete. Also on the northwest side. M. percontcus trinidadensis stands near M. angalosus (** Gundl.,” Pfr.) which it resembles in sculpture and in the structure of the columella, but it differs by the much more obese shape constant in a large number collected, and by the stronger sutural denticulation. - 1 Most of the small shells I got at Zaza del Medio were lost through an acci- dent. These two lots were saved by being in bottles carried in my pockets, 130 THE NAUTILUS. The shape, indeed, is almost exactly that of the west Cuban &. denticulatus—a species less closely striated and having a rimate base and built-forward columellar margin. MM. petitianus has narrower, more separated striz and no denticulation below the suture ; more- over, it has a shortly rimate base and forwardly-built columellar margin. M. perconicus (which I described as a variety of petitianus) is doubtless a species distinct from petitianus, differing in sculpture and the columella, which is not in the least built forward. It is more strictly conic than trinidadensis, without sutural denticles, otherwise the same. MM. palenguensis, which I have not seen, seems to be broader with a larger aperture, The specimens recorded as M&M. turricula Pfr. from Trinidad were probably trintdadensis. I have not seen the form reported from Cabo Cruz. MACROCERAMUS CANIMARENSIS (Pfr.). A single specimen, typical in form and sculpture but white with a corneous base, I found among rocks in a precipitous, shaded place on the northwest side of La Vigia. It has already been reported from Trinidad. MaCROCERAMUS CANIMARENSIS ROTUNDIBASIS, n. subsp. The shell differs from canimarensis by having only a very weak trace of the subperipleral keel (which is strongly developed in cant- marensis); the base being much more convex than in cantmareasis, and not so strongly striated. ‘‘San José rocks”? near Sancti Spiritus. I did not find this species living, but dug it from a bed of clay formed by disintegration of the limestone. A LIST OF MOLLUSCA FROM THE MUSSELSHELL VALLEY, MONTANA. BY S. STILLMAN BERRY. Except for the brief lists by Squyer (Nautitus, Vol. VIII, pp. 63-65, 1894) and Elrod (Bull. Univ. Montana, No. 10, pp. 170-174, 1902), there are very few molluscan records extant for the entire THE NAUTILUS. 131 state of Montana, so that the following list of species from the upper Musselshell Valley, in the central part of the state, is of interest from a distributional standpoint. The exact locality is Winnecock, Meagher County, where the writer has done a little collecting dur- ing August of two succeeding years (1911-1912). The fresh-water species were taken in the various springs and overflow pools border- ing the Musselshell River, and the terrestrial spesies occurred under sticks, leaves and stones in the more moist places among the sur- rounding cottonwoods. No species were taken in the swift-flowing waters of the river itself, and no land forms were found at a greater distance from the river than a few rods. All except Vertigo bin- neyana, Zonitoides minuscula and Planorbis callioglyptus were of fairly frequent occurrence. The elevation of Winnecock is about 4000 feel ubout sea level. Vallonia costata montana Sterki. The specimens appear to cor- respond very well with Dr. Sterki’s diagnosis, and specimens sent to Mr. George H. Clapp were similarly determined by him. They are possibly the same as the ‘‘ Vallonia gractlicosta var., close to costata Say,’’ of Squyer’s list. Vitrea radiatula Alder (hammonis Strém.). Zonitoides arborea (Say). Zonitoides minuscula (Binney). Euconulus fulvus (Miiller). Agriolimax campestris (Binney) var. The specimens are perhaps to be referred to the montanus of Ingersoll. Pyramidula cronkhitei (Newcomb) near var. anthonyi Pilsbry. Succinea avara Say. Succinea retusa Lea. Lymnaea palustris Miller. Lymnea caperata Say. Planorbis parvus Say. Planorbis callioglyptus Vanatta. The well known Monograph of Unionide of H. C. Kuster is now being continued by Dr. F. Haas, and 35 plates of fine figures have been received. Dr. Haas is a prolific maker of new genera, he hav- ing added already 14 new ones to the tremendous total, although three plates only deal with the groups of eastern Asia. The new genera are fully as heterogeneous as are many of those of his predecessors. | Shells so close as Nodularia jourdyi Morelet and douglasia Greg. are widely separated, and yet such diverse material as jourdy: and asperula Lea are placed together. The Physunio crossei and Nodu- laria rusticus, by Simpson’s classification, are placed by Dr. Haas in the same genus, etc., etc. The specific determinations are equally open to criticism. A few of the more striking are as follows: On plate 33, figs. 7, 8 and 9 are given as P. micropterus Morelet, and Unio pulcher Tapperone-Canefri is given as asynonym. While thése species bear considerable resem- blance in their external facies, yet they are so diverse as to warrant their being placed in different genera, as was properly done by Mr. C.T. Simpson. P. micropterus has very small but well-defined beak cavities, while pulcher bas none. L.pulcher has a row of several dorsal muscle scars, while micropterus shows none (7. e., hidden beneath the interdention). More especially, micropterus has a “third mus_ cle scar”’ over the anterior adductor, not shown by pulcher, and the latter has the anterior adductor and protractor scars widely separate (which is shown in Haas’ figure), while in micropterus they are con- fluent. Other differences might be noted, the whole forcing us to place mitcropterus in Physunio, while the pulcher belongs to Lamel- lidens, as Mr. C. T. Simpson properly placed them. Figures 11 and 12, plate 31 are said to be figures of the Harmandia somboriensis Rochebrune. If these figures are from authentic specimens, then Harmandia must lose its place as a genus, for figures 11 and 12, are young Ayria, from South America. Even more singular is the treatment of the genus 7rapezoideus, on plates 32 and 33. It is impossible that the sundry figures given as Trapezoideus 142 THE NAUTILUS. misellus Morelet can represent a single species. If Fig. 4, plate 33, is not an abnormal or diseased shell it must be a Solenaia, probably the Solenaia (Mycetopus) rugatus Sowerby. The figures 3, and 4, plate 32, are equally impossible. ‘They are supposed to be Zrapezoideus foliaceus, Gould, but are really an un- described shell, not far removed from the WV. dimotus Lea (figured in the work, on plate 19). I have had for several years, a set of these, purchased, with a label “ 7rapezoideus foliaceus, Gould, Ex. Berlin Museum, Birma,” and possibly a part of the same lot figured by Dr. Haas. Not being able to match them with Gould’s species, I submitted them to Dr. Dall, who placed them near to dimotus, I, therefore propose for the species as figured by Haas, (fig. 3, and 4, plate 32) the following name. PARREYSIA DALLIANA D. Sp. Shell small, rather thick, somewhat ovate. Length (of a medium specimen) 4.5; height (near end of ligament) 2.7; Diameter 2, mm. Rounded before, basal and dorsal lines nearly straight, post basal point rounded. Epidermis olivaceus, greenish in young shells, brownish in old specimens, and frequently bleached. Beaks very small, pointed, low, and incurved, with fine zigzag radial sculpture, which extends a little down the shell, and especially down the post slope; in dirty, or eroded specimens hardly to be noticed. The shell is a little inflated, the post ridge rounded. Inside the nacre is soft cream or white. The left valve has two cardinals, the anterior blade-like, and the posterior much smaller, and tubercular. The laterals are double (or even inclined to be trifid); in the right valve the cardinals are split or double, and the laterals single. The anterior cicatrices are confluent, and also those of the poster- ior. Habitat is stated to be ‘‘ Birma.”’ The shell is stouter, shorter and more inflated than P. foliaceus, and the posterior portion is not as green. The species lacks the sculpturing of P. dimotus, and the direction of the cardinal teeth is different. The shell is a Parreysia according to Simpson’s ideas of classification. THE NAUTILUS. 143 SHELLS COLLECTED AT MANZANILLO, WEST MEXICO, OCT., 1910, BY C. R. ORCUTT, IDENTIFIED BY WILLIAM H. DALL. Gadinia peruviana Sby. Siphonaria lecanium Cpr. Bulla punctulata Ads. Terebra variegata Gray. Conus princeps Brod. Conus arcuatus Sby. Conus nux Brod. Conus gladiator Brod. Mitra funiculata Rve. Vasum cestum Brod. Lyria barnesii Gray. Latirus ceratus Wood. Purpura triserialis Blv. Cantharus sanguinolentus Duel. Nassa corpulenta C. B. Ads. Columbella major Sby. Columbella festiva Sby. Anachis coronata Sby. Anachis sulcosa Sby. Nitidella cribaria Lam. Muricidea dubia Sby. Craspedotriton scalariformis Brod. Morum tuberculosum Sby. Cypraea arabicula Lam. Trivia pacifica Gray. Strombus gracilior, Cerithium maculosum Kien. Cerithium uncinatum Gmelin. Cerithium gemmatum Hinds. Planaxis nigritella Forbes. Planaxis nigritella var. Littorina conspersa Phil. Hipponix grayanus Mke. Crepidula onyx Sby. Calyptraea mammillaris Brod, Trochita spirata Forbes. Crucibulum imbricatum Brod. Natica chemnitzianum Pfr. Polinices uber Val. Scurria mesoleuca Mke. Turbo squamigerus Rve. Uvanilla unguis Mawe. Tegula globula Cpr. Nerita bernhardi Rec]. Fissurella alba Cpr. Fissurella microtrema Sby. Fissurella rugosa Sby. Chiton albolineatus Sby. Arca grandis B. & S. Perna chemnitziana Or). Lima pacifica Orb. Phacoides lampsus Dall. Cardium consors Sby. Cardium magnificum Desh. Venericardia crassicostata Sby. Venericardia cuvieri Brod. Anomalocardia subimbricata Sby. Chione undatella Sby. Paradione squalida Sby. Tellina cumingi Hanley. Tellinides viridotincta Cpr. Semele proxima C. B. Ads. Tagelus politus Cpr. Thracia plicata Desh. The above list has a value for geographical distribution, which justifies its publication. W. H. Dat. 144 THE NAUTILUS. BOSTON MALACOLOGICAL CLUB. The November meeting was devoted to reports by members on the work done during the summer, collecting or otherwise. At the De- cember meeting Mr. C. J. Maynard gave an account of the distribu- tion and variation of the species of Certon in the vicinity of Nassau, New Providence, Bahama Islands, showing a large series of speci- mens and illustrating with the aid of a map how the various species and varieties were distributed from what he considered the original starting point. At the January meeting the Secretary gave an ac- count of the various forms of the foot in mollusca, and its adaptation to the habits of the species. Mr. Olof O. Nylander, of Caribou, Maine, spoke at the meeting, February 10, on the distribution and variation of Lymnaea emarginata Say and the var. mighelsi W. G, Binney, in Aroostook Co., Me. A large map, on which was marked the various colonies, clearly showed its limited distribution through- out the Fish River lakes, and a beautiful series used in illustrating his paper published in 1901, with many additional specimens, showed all the gradations between L. emarginata and mighelsi. The speaker referred to the great abundance of the species in some years and their scarcity in others, and the probable causes; also of the changes which are now taking place in the region detrimental to their existence. Henry W. Winktey, Seeretary. NOTES. A New Form or Ortonerix.—Oreohelix haydeni betheli, n. subsp. Typically flat and broad, with a lower spire and wider um- bilicus than true (Utah) O. haydeni; last embryonic whorl concave or even grooved next the suture. The spiral cords are strong throughout, often more numerous than in typical haydent, 10 to 16; fine interstitial spirals visible. Alt. 10, diam. 21 mm. Abundant under rocks on north side of Grand River at Glenwood Springs, Col- orado, collected by E. Bethel, J. Henderson, T. D. A. Cockerell and others. The true betheli occurs on the north side of the river, but on the opposite side is a related form (alta Pilsbry, n. v.) with the spire conoidal and the umbilicus narrower, and also other forms to be described later.—H. A. Pinssry and T. D. A. CockeRE Lu. Mr. C. J. Maynard is now in the Bahamas making further studies on the distribution of the various species of Cerion. $1.00 per Year, ($1.12 to Foreign Countries,) 10 cts. a cupy. THE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS. EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS: H. A. Pitssry, Special Curator of the Department of Mollusca, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. C. W. Jounson, Curator of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. XXVI. APRIL, 19138. No. 12 CONTENTS: NOTE ON A FEw BRITISH COLUMBIA MARINE SHELLS. By A. W. Hanham ; ‘ ; : 133 SPHAZRIIDAE, OLD AND N EW, IV. By V. Sterki. ‘ . 136 SomE CRITICISMS ON Dr. F. HAAS’ MONOGRAPH OF THE UNIONID2. By L.S. Frierson . 141 SHELLS COLLECTED AT MANZANILLO, Wrst Mrxico. By W. H. Dall 143 BosTOoN MALACOLOGICcAL Cius . 144 NOTES 144 C. W. JOHNSON, Business Manager, Boston Society of Natural History, Berkeley Street, Boston, Mass. Entered as Second-Class matter atthe Boston Posrt-Office. ii THE NAUTILUS. GHOICE COLLECTIONS OF RECENT AND FOSSIL SHELLS, | I have in stock a large series of land, fluviatile and marine shells. Col- lections frequently acquired enable me to fully satisfy all demands. I have also an equally large series of fossil species from all formations, especially from the Hocene (Paris basin), Miocene (Falun of Touraine and Bordeaux), Pliocene (Italy and Anvers). I desire to reduce my stock of recent and fossil shells and will furvish collections at greatly reduced prices. Also for sale quantities of books and pamphlets pertaining to Malacol- ogy and Paleontology. P. GERET, 76 rue du Faubourg St. Denis, Paris, France. FINE LAND SHELLS. I have in my cabinets at present about ten thousand species of the finest land shells, for sale at very moderate prices or will exchange for material 1 can use. Send me your list of duplicates. I also have made up collections illustrating ditferent genera from various parts of the world and covering about 2500 species. These collections are offered very cheap. About one thousand species of marine shells at an average price of ten cents per species. Some extra-fine marine just received. Specimens of unusual beauty. WALTER F. WEBB, 202 Westminster Road, Rochester, N. Y. CENTRAL AMERICAN SHELLS. I started for Guatemala January 14th to collect Mollusca, and should like to hear from any one desiring shells from that country. Address until April 1st, Puerto Barrios, Guatemala. After that date, DuBois, Ill. . A. A. HINKLEY. Exchange notices not exceeding three lines will be free to subscribers as long 268 Our limited space will allow: WanTED: Correspondents interested in marine shells. J.R. LEB. Tomiin, Lakefoot, Hamilton Road, Reading, England. OrreERED: For cash or shells : Tryon’s Structural and Systematic, Melvill’s Monograph on the Cypreide and other books. C. Davron Gwyer, 303 Putnam Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. For ExcuanGe: Land and marine shells from Cedros Is., Lower Cal., for foreign land or marine species or rare American species. H. N. Lows, Casa de Flores, 238 Junipero Ave., Long Beach, Cal. THE NAUTILUS. ili Wew Shell Catalogue We have completed the preparation and publication of the fourth edition of our complete catalogue of Mollusea. This edition contains one hundred and twenty-four pages and two hundred and twenty-three illustrations. Due to the considerable expense of publication, we are unable to send the catalogue out free of charge. The price of the cata- logue bound with heavy paper cover is 55c.; bound in paper and inter- leaved with blank pages, 70c.; and interleaved and cloth bound, 90c. We will credit the amount paid for catalogue on first order for shells amounting to five dollars. Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, Led 104 COLLEGE AVE, ROCHESTER, N. a _ JAPANESE SHELLS, Marine, Fresh-Water and Land Shelis of japan, Leochoo fs. and Formosa. Fine specimens, accurately determined, of a great number of spe- cies, many of them new or rare, for sale at reasonable rates. A new Catalogue of marine shells will be sent free on application. hs input Kyoto, Japan. CONC HOLOGISTS, ATTENT ON. For a limited period, and in order that the students of American fresh-water pulmonates may add the new monograph to their libra- ries, the volume on the “Lymnacidee of North America, mecent and Fossil,” will be reduced to $3.75, postage (25 cents) extra. Other volumes by the same author will be reduced for a limited time. FRANK C. BAKER, Lincoln Park, Chicago, Iil. iv THE NAUTILUS. a A SN ee THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY. | The volume of the Manual just completed contains a fully illustrated monograph of the family AcHATINELLIDZ. The volume for 1912 will complete this beautiful and inter- esting family. Issued quarterly in parts of which four form a volume. Plain Edition, per part, $3.00. Colored Edition, $5.00. S RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P.O. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U.§. A. (Established by G. B. SOWERBY, 1860). The Largest and Finest Stock of Shells in the World. SPECIMENS SENT ON APPROVAL. Large Catalogue contains names of 12,000 species. Smail Catalogue (with Prices) Post Free. SALE. PURCHASE. EXCHANGE. COLLECTIONS AND SPECIMENS NAMED AND ARRANGED. SOWERBT & FULTON, River Side, Kew, near London. Oe BOR SALE. Cerion pepperi Bartsch and ten other varieties Bahaman land shells for $1.00. Twenty varieties Bahaman marine shells for $1.00. G. W. PEPPER, 71 Laura St., Providence, R. I. J. H. HOLMES, Dealer in Marine Shells, Curios, etc., Clearwater, Fia. ck ( y n } + '¢ . vw ‘ ‘ n I ‘ y r \ in ‘ f - . Al ‘ | He / ie ne at Ha | 02076 | I | | ——- N ——— —_ 2 — ny ——_—© S foe) | | |