LIBRARY C/a^Pdc'tr^r^ Publications OF FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGICAL SERIES ,^ Volume X Chicago, U. S. A. 1909 - 1923 (i>L 7/ ,3 Field Museum of Natural History. Publication 214. Zoological Series. Vol. X, No. 16. CONTENTS AND INDEX TO VOLUME X numbers I TO 15. Wilfred H. Osgood Curator, Department of Zoology. Chicago, U. S. A. 1923 CONTENTS Page A Peculiar Bear from Alaska. By Wilfred H. Osgood 1-4 Diagnoses of New East African Mammals, Including a New Genus of Muridae. By Wilfred H. Osgood 5-14 Further New Mammals from British East Africa. By Wilfred H. Osgood 15-22 Mammals from the Coast and Islands of Northern South America. By Wilfred H. Osgood - • . • 23-32 Mammals from Western Venezuela and Eastern Colombia. By Wilfred H. Osgood 33-66 Descriptions of New Fishes from Panama. By S. E. Meek and S. F. Hildebrand 67-68 New Species of Fishes from Costa Rica. By S. E. Meek 69- 76 New Species of Fishes from Panama. By S. E. Meek and S. F. Hildebrand 77-92 New Peruvian Mammals. By Wilfred H. Osgood 93-100 An Annotated List of Fishes Known to Occur in the Fresh Waters of Costa Rica. By S. E. Meek 101-134 Four New Mammals from Venezuela. By Wilfred H. Osgood 135-142 Mammals of an Expedition Across Northern Peru. By Wilfred H. Osgood 143-186 New Mammals from Brazil and Peru. By Wilfred H. Osgood 187-198 Mammals of the Collins-Day South American Expedition. By Wil- fred H. Osgood 199-216 The Fishes of the Fresh Waters of Panama. By S. E. Meek and S. F. Hildebrand 217-374 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES Opposite Page I. Peculiar specimen of Ursus emmonst I II. Fig. I. Type of Odocoileus margaritcc. No. 18137 Field Museum of Natural History. Fig. 2. Odocoileus gynmotis from La Guaira, Venezuela. No. 36817 U. S. National Museum 24 III. Fig. I. Type of Odocoileus margaritae. No. 18137 Field Museum of Natural History. Fig. 2. Odocoileus gynmotis from La Guaira, Venezuela. No. 36817 U. S. National Museum 24 IV. Map of Lake Maracaibo and adjacent region 33 V. Fig. I. Interior of forest on Paramo de Tama at 7,000 ft. altitude. Fig. 2. Vegetation of arid region near Lake Maracaibo 66 VI. Fig. I. On the range of the Guanaco and the Vicugna. Fig. 2. Vicugnas 216 VII. Fig. I Guanaco "Ring" or Gathering Place. Fig. 2. Region inhabited by the Guemal 216 VI bis. Fig. I. Native pulling a boat across rapids on the Upper Chagres. Fig. 2. Fishing party on the Rio Gatun 224 VII bis. Fig. I. Natives "poling" a boat across rapids on the Upper Chagres. Fig. 2. Fishing party on a trail through the jungle 226 VIII. Fig. I. An Indian family of the Rio Tuyra Basin. Fig. 2. Scene on the Upper Chagres 230 IX. Trachycorystes amblops (Meek & Hildebrand) 243 X. Lasiancistrus planiceps (Meek & Hildebrand) 253 XL Leptoancistrus canensis (Meek & Hildebrand) 254 XII. Loricaria capetensis Meek & Hildebrand 259 XIII. Oxyloricaria citurensis Meek & Hildebrand 262 XIV. Hoplosternum punctatuni sp. nov 263 XV. Hoplosternum punctatuni sp. nov 264 XVI. Cyclopium pirrense Meek & Hildebrand 265 XVII. Apareiodon dariensis (Meek & Hildebrand) 271 XVIII. Pseudocheirodon affinis gen. et sp. nov 275 XIX. Bryconamericus cascajalensis sp. nov 284 XX. Hemibrycon dariensis sp. nov 285 XXI. Creagrutus notropoides Meek & Hildebrand 289 XXII. Rosboides guafemalensis (Gvinther) 292 XXIII. Roeboides occidentalis sp. nov 293 XXIV. Brycon petrosus Meek & Hildebrand 297 XXV. Brycon argenteus Meek & Hildebrand 298 XXVI. Sternopygus dariensis sp. nov 309 XXVII. Sternarchus rostratus Meek & Hildebrand 312 XXVIII. Cichlasoma tuyrense Meek & Hildebrand 344 XXIX. Cichlasoma calobrense Meek & Hildebrand 346 XXX. Cichlasoma umbriferum Meek & Hildebrand 347 XXXI. Ncctroplus panamensis Meek & Hildebrand 348 XXXII. Hemicleotris latifasciatus Meek & Hildebrand 365 VII TEXT FIGURES Page 1. Diagram showing the peculiar scaling at base of caudal fin of the male of Compsura gorgona (Evermann & Goldsborough ) 273 2. Front teeth of Compsura gorgonce (Evermann & Goldsborough) 274 3. Front teeth of Pseudochcirodon affinis gen. et sp. nov. 276 4. Distal part of intromittent organ of Gambusia nicaraguensis Giinther 316 5. Distal part of intromittent organ of Gambusia episcopi Steindachner 318 6. Distal part of intromittent organ of Priapichthys tridentiger (Garman) 321 7. Distal part of intromittent organ of Priapichthys daricnsis (Meek & Hildebrand) 322 8. Distal part of intromittent organ of Priapichthys panamensis sp. nov. • • 323 9. Distal part of intromittent organ of Pceciliopsis elongatus (Giinther) . . 325 10. Distal part of intromittent organ of Mollienisia sphenops (Cuvier & Valenciennes) , 328 VIII ERRATA Page 6, bottom line, for 167, read 154. Page 7, top line, for 96, read 89. Page 7, line 3 from bottom, for 2-2=8, read 3-2=10. Page 8, line 3 from top, for more, read less. Page 19, line 16 from top, for Underparts, read Upperparts. Page 20, line 11 from top, for 150, read 155. Page 21, line 16 from bottom, for December 2, read November 3. Page 69, line 12 from top, for 7582, read 7682. Page 70, line 4 from top, for 7583, read 7683. Page 70, line 15 from bottom, for 7584, read 7684. Page 71, line 2 from top, for 7576, read 7676. Page 71, line 16 from top, for 7578, read 7678. Page 71, line 5 from bottom, for 7580, read 7680. Page y2, line 18 from bottom, for 7579, read 7679. Page TZ^ line 13 from top, for 7581, read 7681. Page TZj line 7 from bottom, for 7586, read 7686. Page 74, line 15 from top, for 7585, read 7685. Page 74, line 8 from bottom, for 7577, read 7677. Page 85, line 9 from bottom, for Stenarchus, read Sternarchus. Page III, line 9 from top, for Brachyrhaphus, read Brachyrhaphis. Page 112, line 18 from bottom, for Pcecilopsis, read Poeciliopsis. Page 118, line 13 from bottom, for masutus, read nasutus. Page 119, after line 10 from top, add. Type No. 79689, U.S.N.M. Page 119, after line 13 from bottom, add. Type No. 81761, U.S.N.M. Page 120, line 6 from bottom, for Neomaensis, read Neomaenis. Page 121, line 14 from bottom, for Encinostomus, read Eucinostomus. Page 124, bottom line, for Paranetroplus, read Paraneetroplus. Page 224, (plate opposite), for Plate VI, read Plate VI bis. Page 226, (plate opposite), for Plate VII, read Plate VII bis. Page 275, line 6 from bottom, for 8941, read 8944. Page 2yy, lines 12 and 15 from top, for atricaudata, read atracaiidata. IX INDEX Names' of new species and subspecies are printed in bold-faced tj'pe. Page Acanthicus canensis 80, 254 Acara coeruleopunctata 339 Achirus fonsecensis 133 acutiventralis, Alf aro 72, 1 13 seneus, Astyanax 105, 106 Tetragonopterus 105, 106 ^quidens 338 coeruleopunctatus 339 aequidens, Culius 357 serosus, Akodon 164 affinis, Creagrutus 289 Mustela 61 Pseudocheirodon 275 Ageneiosus 244 caucanus 245 Agonostoma globiceps 336 monticola 334 nasutum 334 Agonostomus 333 macracanthus 335 monticola 118, 334 nasutus 118 percoides 118 Agouti sierrae 55 aimara, Macrodon 305 Akodon aerosus 164 aerosus baliolus 192 dayi 208 mollis 163 mollis altorum 163 mollis orientalis 99, 164 mollis orophilus 98, 164 puer 208 varius 208 albeolus, Astyanax 105, 106 albescens, Myotis 65 albigularis, Oryzomys 159 albiventer, Nasilio i3 Noctilio 177 albolineatus, Arvicanthis 11 albus, Gymnotus 307 alexandrinus, Epimys 49, 154 Alfaro 72, 111,112 acutiventralis 72, 1 13 cultratum 111,113 alfari, Cichlasoma 123, 126 allex, Crocidura 20 Alouatta senicula 65 alstoni, Sigmomys 54 altifrons, Cichlasoma 123, 125 Heros 125 Page altorum, Akodon 163 altum, Sicydium 132 amazonicus, Holochilus 188 amblops, Felichthys 77, 243 Trachycoristes 243 americana, Mazama 152 americanus, Moschus 43 Ursus 3 amicus, Phyllotis 166 amorea, Gobius 358 Amorphochilus schnabli 180 Anacyrtus guatemalensis. . . . 109, 291 Ancistrus 250 chagresi 251 cirrhosus 251 planiceps 79. 253 spinosus 252 anderseni, Artibeus 212 andersoni, Metachirus 95, 149 andina, Didelphis 148 andinus, Canis 211 Oryzomys 156 andium, Phyllotis 165 annectens, Gambusia 114 Priapichthys 1 12, 114 antisiensis, Hippocamelus . . . 153, 200 Aotus boliviensis 216 Apareiodon 27o dariensis 27i arenalis, Oryzomys 156 argenteus, Brycon 84, 298 argentiventris, Mesoprion 120 Necomsenis 120 Arius evermanni 104 artatus, Myrmecophaga 40 Artibeus anderseni 212 jamaicensis lituratus 213 jamaicensis palmarum 63 planirostris fallax 178 Arvicanthis barbarus albolineatus 11 barbarus convictus 10 dorsalis maculosus 17 Astyanax 279 aeneus 105, 106 aeneus costaricensis 105, 106 aeneus microphthalmus 106 aeneus oerstedii 106 albeolus 105, 106 emperador 283 fasciatus 280 fischeri 281 375 376 Index Page Astyanax grandis 67, 280 mexicanus 289 nicaraguensis 105 cerstedii 105, 106 regani 107 robustus 69, 107 ruberrimus 281 rutilus 280 atahualpae, Cavia 98,170 atracaudata, Deuterodon 68,277 Gephyrocharax 277 Auliscomys 190 auratus, Carassius 105 aurea, Loricaria 261 auritus, Macrodon 305 avius, Sylvilagus 29 Awaous 36s mexicanus 367 nelsoni 131. 368 taiasica 366, 368 transandeanus 368 baliolus, Akodon 192 banana, Chonophorus 131, 3&7 Gobius 366 barbara, Tayra 61 bayanus, Pomadasis 129 beani, Belonocharax 302 Luciocharax 302 belizianus, Culius 358 Belonocharax beani 302 blainvillei, Bradypus 151 Blarina meridensis 62 bicolor, Oecomys 161 bilineata, Saccopteryx 214 bilobatum, Uroderma 64 bogotensis, Microxus 52 bolivias, Hesperomys 207 boliviensis, Aotus 216 Cavia 210 Phyllotis 191 Saimiri 215 bonariensis, Eumops 214 boucardi, Poecilia 327 boulengeri, Plecostomus 248 brachialis, Heteromys 54 brachiurus, Carapus 307 brachycephala, Rhamdia 103 Brachyrhamphichthys brevirostris 310 Brachyrhaphis iii rhabdophora 112, 115 umbratilis 112,115 brachyurus, Gymnotus 307 Bradypus blainvillei 151 tridactylus 200 bransfordi, Loricaria 256 Rhamdia 240 brasiliensis, Erythrinus 305 Plecostomus 248 brevicauda, Proechimys 168 Page brevimanus, Gerres 121 brevirostris, Brachyrhamphichthys 310 Hypopomus 310 Rhamphichthys 310 bricenii, Mazama 45 brunneus, Rivulus 86, 331 B rycon 293 argenteus 84, 298 chagrensis 295 guatemalensis 108 petrosus 84, 297 striatulus 109, 294 Bryconamericus 282 cascajalensis 284 emperador 283 peruanus ricas 107 scleroparius 107 terrabensis 108 bucculentus, Chonophorus 366 Csenolestes obscurus 3S californiensis, Diapterus 121 Eucinostomus 121 caligatus, Callicebus 214 Callicebus caligatus 214 donacophilus 214 calobrense, Cichlasoma 90, 346 cana, Gambusia 87 Priapichthys 321 canensis, Acanthicus 80, 254 Leptoancistrus 254 canescens, Otomys 10 Canis culpseus andinus 211 culpaeus reissi 172 lycoides 173 magellanicus 173 sechuras 172 thous savannarum 59 canus, Metachirus 96,148 capetensis, Loricaria 80, 259 capsalis, Sylvilagus 170 capybara, Hydrochoerus 28 Caranx latus 121 carapo, Gymnotus 307 Carapus brachiurus 307 fasciatus 307 inaequilabiatus 307 Carassius auratus 105 Carlia 108 eigenmanni 108 cascajalensis, Bryconamericus.. 284 Gambusia 66, 318 caucana, Mollienisia 329 Poecilia 116,329 caucanus, Ageneiosus 245 Girardinus 329 caudata, Poecilia 116 Cavia I95 atahualpae 98, 170 musteloides boliviensis 210 Index 377 Page Cavia wellsi 196 Caviella 194 Cebus apella leucocephalus. .32, 66 fatuellus peruanus 216 macrocephalus 184 Centropomus medius 120 pectinatus 120 robalito 120 undecimalis 120 Cervus columbicus 139 goudotii 138 savannarum 139 spinosus 138 Chaetostomus 249 cirrhosus 251 fischeri 249 chagrensis, Brycon 295 Chalcinopsis 295 chagresi, Ancistrus 251 Menidia 119 Pimelodella 242 Pimelodus 242 Xenocara 251 Chalceus fasciatus 280 Chalcinopsis chagrensis 295 striatulus 109, 294 chaparensis, Oryzomys 205 Cheirodon eigenmanni 70 gorgonae 274 insignis 274 chibigouazou, Felis 212 Chilomys fumeus 53 Chironectes minimus 150 Chonophorus banana 131,367 bucculentus 366 mexicanus 367 taiasica 131, 367, 368 transandeanus 131,368 Cichlasoma 124, 125, 342 alfari 123, 126 altifrons 123, 125 calobrense 90, 346 citrinellum 122, 125 dovii 122, 124 friedrichsthali 122, 125 frontale 127 lethrinus 123, 126 longimanus 128 maculicauda 123, 127, 343 punctatum 123, 127 rostratum 123, 127 septemfasciatus 126 sieboldii 127, 345 spilotum 73, 123, 128 spilurum 123, 126, 128 tuba 73, 122, 124 tuyrense Sg, 344 umbrif erum 88, 347 underwoodi 123, 127 cinerascens, Pimelodus 240 cinereus, Thomasomys 161 Page cirrhosus, Ancistrus 251 Chaetostomus 251 Citharichthys spilopterus 133 citrinellum, Cichlasoma 122,125 Heros 125 citurensis, Oxyloricaria 82, 262 citus, Mazama 43 cocalis, Sciurus 153 coeruleopunctata, Acara 339 coeruleopunctatus, ^quidens. . . 339 collinsi, Saimiri 215 colombiana, Dasyprocta ....28, 55 colombianus, Heterandria 324 Poeciliopsis 324 columbica, Didelphis 39 columbicus, Cervus 139 Compsura 273 gorgonae 274 concinnus, Myotis 65,182 concolor, Felis 60 Conepatus mapurito 61 zorrino 176 continentis, Sylvilagus 57 convictus, Arvicanthis 10 costaricensis, Astyanax 105, 106 Gobiesox 74, 132 Cotylopus salvini 369 crassicaudatus, Molossus 62 crassilabris, Geophagus 340 Satanoperca 340 Creagrutus 289 affinis 289 notropoides 68, 289 simus 85, 290 Cricetomys gambianus kenyensis 9 Crocidura allex 20 fumosa schistacea 20 parvipes 19 turba zaodon 21 voi 18 xantippe 19 crocro, Pomadasis 129 Pristipoma 129 Cryptops humboldtii 311 lineatus 311 virescens 311 Ctenolucius hujeta 302 Ctenomys opimus 210 Culius aequidens 357 belizianus 358 perniger 358 cultratum, Alfaro 111,113 Petalosa 113 Petalurichthys 113 cumanicus, Sylvilagus 28 cuneata, Mollienisia 329 Poecilia 329 Curimatus 269 magdalenae 269 Cyclopium 265 pirrense 83, 265 378 Index Page Cynopotamus guatemalensis 291 dariensis, Apareiodon 271 Gambusia 88 Hemibrycon 285 Oxyloricaria 81, 262 Parodon 83, 271 Priapichthys 321 Sternopygus 309 Dasyprocta fuliginosa 167 nigriclunis 192 prymnolopha 193 rubrata flavescens 55 variegata 209 variegata colombiana 28, 55 Dasypus novemcinctus 41 dayi, Akodon 208 decoloratus, Phyllotis 191 defilippii, Sylvilagus 171 definitus, Phyllotis •. 189 Dendromus nairobae 7 ochropus 6 whjrtei pallescens 7 Desmodus rotundus 63, 178 rotundus murinus 63 Deuterodon atracaudata 66, 277 Diaemus youngi 63 Diapterus californiensis 121 Didelphis marsupialis 23,147 marsupialis colombica 39 marsupialis etensis 148 paraguayensis andina ...... 148 paraguayensis meridensis. . 39 digueti, Neomugil 334 diminutus, Eptesicus 197 dolichocephalus, Gobius 366 doUmani, Graphiurus 15 domorum, Phyllotis 207 donacophilus, Callicebus 214 Dormitator 353 gundlachi 354 latifrons 355 lineatus 354 maculatus 130, 354. 355 microphthalmus 355 omocyaneus 354 dormitator, Philypnus 129 dormitatrix, Eleotris 350 dormitor, Gobiomorus 129, 350 Philypnus 129, 350 Platycephalus 350 dovii, Cichlasoma 122, 124 Fundulus 109 Haplochilus 109 Heros 124 dryas, Oryzomys 158 ecaudatus, Mesomys 169 eigenmanni, Carlia 108 Cheirodon 70 Eigenmannia 311 Page Eigenmannia humboldtii 311 virescens 311 elassodon, Otomys 10 elatturus, Rhipidomys 140 elcapitanense, Siphostoma 119 elegans, Rivulus 331 Eleotris 356 dormitatrix 350 grandisquama 354 guavina 130, 360 gundlachi 354 gyrinus 358 isthmensis 359 lateralis 352 latifasciatus 68, 131 latifrons 355 lembus 352 longiceps 351 macrolepis 130 maculata 354.355 mugiloides 354 omocyaneus 354 picta 131,357 pisonis 358 sima 354 somnolentus 354 Eligmodontia sorella 160 elongata, Mollienisia 112,324 Pcecilia 324 elongatus, Pceciliopsis 324 emmonsi, Ursus i, 3 emperador, Astyanax 283 Bryconamericus 283 Epimys alexandrinus 49, 154 episcopi, Gambusia 317 Eptesicus diminutus 197 Erythrinus brasiliensis 305 macrodon 305 microcephalus 305 trahira 305 Esox malabaricus 305 etensis, Didelphis 148 Eucinostomus californiensis 121 Euctenogobius latus 366 Eumops bonariensis 214 evermanni, Arius 104 fallax, Artibeus 178 fasciatus, Astyanax 280 Carapus 307 Chalceus 280 Giton 307 Gymnotus 307 Tetragonopterus 280 Felichthys amblops 77, 243 Felis concolor 60 onca 59, 175 pardalis 30, 60 pardalis chibigouazou 212 pardalis ocelot 212 puma 17s Index 379 Page Felis wiedi I75 ferox, Macrodon 305 festae, Piabucina 301 fimbriata, Loricaria 260 fischeri, Astyanax 281 Chaetostomus 249 Tetragonopterus 280 flabellicauda, Rivulus 110 flava, Loricaria 24? flavescens, Dasyprocta 55 flavidior, Phyllotis 191 fluviatilis, Leptophilypnus 361 Neetroplus 74, 128 fonsecensis, Achirus 133 Solea 133 formosa, Limia 330 Mollienisia 330 frenata, Loricaria 261 Oxyloricaria 262 friedrichsthali, Cichlasoma. .122, 125 Heros 125 frontale, Cichlasoma 127 fuliginosa, Dasyprocta 167 fulvinus, Nectomys 160 fulviventer, Rhipidomys ....51,161 fumeus, Chilomys 53 Fundulus dovii 109 funestus, Mungos 17 Galea i9S Gambusia 314 annectens 114 cana 87 cascajalensis 86, 318 dariensis 88 episcopi 317 latipunctata 87, 31? nicaraguensis 316 parismina 71, 113 rhabdophora 115 terrabensis 114,115 turrubarensis 71, 1 13 umbratilis 70, 115 Gasteropelecus maculatus 288 Geophagus 340 crassilabris 340 Gephyrocharax 277 atracaudata 277 intermedius 278 germana, Marmosa 150 Gerres brevimanus 121 gillii, Poecilia 327 Xiphophorus 327 gilvigularis, Sciurus 204 Girardinus caucanus 329 Giton fasciatus 307 globiceps, Agonostoma 336 Glossophaga soricina 177, 212 soricina valens 177 Gobiesox costaricensis 74, 132 Gobiomorus dormitor 129, 350 Page Gobiomorus lateralis 352 maculatus 352 Gobius amorea 358 banana 366 dolichocephalus 366 giintheri 368 martinicus 366 pisonis 358 taiasica 131, 366 transandeanus 131,368 gorgonae, Cheirodon 274 Compsura 274 goudotii, Cervus 138 grandis, Astyanax 67, 280 grandisquama, Eleotris 354 Graphiurus parvus dollmani 15 griseogena, Sciurus 26 griseolus, Oryzomys 49 guacari, Hypostomus 247 guatemalensis, Anacyrtus. . . 109, 291 Brycon 108 Cynopotamus 291 Roeboides 109, 291 Roestes 292 Guavina 360 guavina 130, 360 guavina, Eleotris 130, 360 Macrodon 305 gundlachi, Dormitator 354 Eleotris 354 guntheri, Gobius 368 gymnotis, Odocoileus 24, 42 Gymnotis wiegmanni 139 Gymnotus 307 albus 307 brachyurus 307 carapo 307 fasciatus 307 putaol 307 gyrinus, Eleotris 358 Haplochilus dovii 109 Hemibrycon 285 dariensis 285 Hemiderma perspicillatum 178 Hemieleotris 364 latifasciatus 365 Hemigrammus minutus 67 Herichthys 124 underwoodi 127 Heros altifrons 125 citrinellum 125 dovii 124 friedrichsthali 125 margaritifer 344 rostratum 127 sieboldii 345 Herotilapia multispinosa 128 Hesperomys callosus bolivias . . 207 heteracantha, Rhamdia 104 Heterandria colombianus 324 38o Index Page Heteromys anomalus brachialis 54 hildegardeae, Zelotomys 7 Hippocamelus antisiensis I53. 200 Holochilus 167 amazonicus 188 Hoplias •• 303 malabaricus 304 microlepis 303 Hoplosternum 263 punctatum 264 huanachus, Lama 201 hujeta, Ctenolucius 302 huniboldtii, Cryptops 311 Eigenmannia 3^1 Sternopygus 311 hydrochseris, Hydrochoerus 56 Hydrochoerus capybara 28 hydrochseris 56 hylophilus, Thomasomys 50 Hyphessobrycon 286 pananiensis 287 Hypopomus 3^9 brevirostris 310 occidentalis 3^0 Hypostomus guacari 247 plecostomus 247 robinii 247 ibeanus, Thamnomys 8 ignitus, Sciurus 204 impavida, Marmosa I49 inaequilabiatus, Carapus 307 infumata, Lagothrix 185 insignis, Cheirodon 274 instabilis, Tamandua 23, 41 intermedia, Mormoops 30 intermedius, Gephyrocharax 278 Macrodon 30S io, Rhogeesa 64 ischyrus, Thomasomys 162 isthmensis, Eleotris 359 Poeciliopsis 325 Rivulus no Joturus 336 pichardi 117,119,336 .stipes 337 kalinowskii, Mormopterus 183 kenyensis, Cricetomys 9 kermodei, Ursus 3 Kerodon I95 Lagothrix infumata 185 Lama glama huanachus 201 vicugna 201 langsdorffi, Sciurus 205 Lasiancistrus 253 planiceps 253 lasiotis, Odocoileus 136 lateralis, Eleotris 352 Page lateralis, Gobiomorus 352 Philypnus 352 latifasciatus, Eleotris 68, 131 Hemieleotris 365 latifrons, Dormitator 355 Eleotris 355 latimanus, Rhipidomys 160 latipunctata, Gambusia 87>3i7 latiura, Loricaria 257 latus, Caranx 121 Euctenogobius 366 lembus, Eleotris 352 Lembus maculatus 352 Leontocebu.s weddelli 214 Leptoancistrus 254 canensis 254 Leptophilypnus 361 fluviatUis 361 leptura, Saccopteryx 64 lethrinus, Cichlasoma 123, 126 leucocephalus, Cebus 32, 66 Limia formosa 330 lineatus, Cryptops 311 Dormitator 354 Sternopygus 311 lituratus, Artibeus 213 longiceps, Eleotris 351 longimanus, Cichlasoma 128 Loricaria 255 aurea 261 bransfordi 256 capetensis 80, 259 filamentosa latiura 257 fimbriata 260 flava 247 frenata 261 panamensis 261 plecostomus 247 rostrata 261 tuyrensis 81, 257 uracantha 1 256 variegata 258 Luciocharax 302 beani 302 striatus 302 Lutra 60 lycoides, Canis 173 macracanthus, Agonostomus. . . 335 macrocephalus, Cebus 184 Macrodon aimara 305 auritus 305 f erox 305 guavina 305 intermedius 305 malabaricus 305 microlepis 303 patana 305 tareira 305 teres - 305 trahira microlepis 303 Index 381 Page macrodon, Erythrinus 305 macrolepis, Eleotris 130 Phanagoniates t.j^ Roeboides 84, 272 maculata, Eleotris 354.355 Procavia 6 Sciaena 130, 354 maculatus, Dormitator. . 130, 354, 355 Gasteropelecus 288 Gobiomorus 352 Lembus 352 Philypnus 352 Thoracocharax 288 maculicauda, Cichlasoma . . 123, 127, 343 maculosus, Arvicanthis 17 madeirensis, Tayra 212 madescens, Marmosa 94, 149 magdalenas, Curimatus 269 magellanicus, Canis 173 majori, Tremarctos 58 malabaricus, Esox 305 Hoplias 304 Macrodon 305 Synodus 305 mamorae, Oecomys 206 mapurito, Conepatus 61 maranonicus, Oryzomys 155 margaritae, Odocoileus 24 Sylvilagus 29 margaritifer, Heros 344 Marmosa elegans venusta 200 germana 150 impavida 149 impavida neglecta 187 madescens 94, 149 mitis pallidiventris 39 musicola 95, 150 waterhousei 150 marsupialis, Didelphis 23, 147 martinicus, Gobius 366 Mazama americana 152 americana citus 43 bricenii 45 medius, Centropomus 120 Megalonema punctatum 77, 241 robustum 78, 241 Menidia chagresi 1 19 mentalis, Platypoecilus 327 meridensis, Blarina 62 Didelphis 39 Oryzomys 49 Potos 59 Sylvil^igus 58 Mesomys ecaudatus 169 Mesoprion argentiventris 120 Metachirus andersoni 95. I49 canus 96,148 nudicaudatus tschudii 149 mexicanus, Astyanax 289 Awaous 367 Page mexicanus, Chonophorus 367 microcephalus, Erythrinus 305 Microeleotris 362 mindii 364 panamensis 363 microlepis, Hoplias 303 Macrodon 303 microphthalmus, Astyanax 106 Dormitator 355 Microxus bogotensis 52 milleri, Molossops 183 mindii, Microeleotris 364 minimus, Chironectes 150 minor, Noctilio 30, 62 minutus, Hemigrammus 67 Oryzomys 158 Mollienisia iii, 326 caucana 329 cuneata 329 elongata 112, 324 formosa 330 sphenops 1 12, 1 16, 326 sphenops tropica 112, 116 mollis, Akodon 163 Molossops milleri 183 Molossus crassicaudatus 62 crassicaudatus tecticola 213 obscurus 184, 213 montana, Nasua 212 monticola, Agonostoma 334 Agonostomus 118, 334 Mugil n8, 334 Mormoops megalophylla intermedia 30 Mormopterus kalinowskii 183 Moschus americanus 43 Mugil monticola 118, 334 mugiloides, Eleotris 354 multispinosa, Herotilapia 128 mundus, Myotis 182 Sylvisorex 18 Mungos ichneumon funestus... 17 murinus, Desmodus 63 Mus musculus 154 niveiventris 12 niveiventris subfuscus 12 voi II musculus, Mus 154 musicola, Marmosa 95. 150 Mustela affinis 61 Myotis albescens 65 nigricans 181,214 nigricans concinnus 65, 182 nigricans mundus 182 simus 182 Myrmecophaga tridactyla artatus 40 nairobae, Dendromus 7 Nasilio brachyrhynchus albiventer 13 382 Index Page naso, Rhynchiscus 176 Nasua montana 212 nasuta, Rhamdia 104 nasutum, Agonostoma 334 nasutus, Agonostomus 118 Neacomys spinosus . . • 160 Nectomys fulvinus 160 Neetroplus 125, 348 fluviatilis 74, 128 nematopus 128 panamensis 90, 348 neglecta, Marmosa 187 nelsoni, Awaous 131,368 nematopus, Neetroplus 128 Neomaenis argentiventris 120 Neomugil digueti 334 nesaeus, Sciurus 26 nicaraguensis, Astyanax 105 Gambusia 316 nigricans, Myotis 181,214 nigriclunis, Dasyprocta 192 nigronuchalis, Sylvilagus 28 nitidus, Oryzomys 158 niveiventris, Mus 12 Noctilio albiventer 177 albiventer minor 62 minor 30 notropoides, Creagrutus .... 68, 289 novemcinctus, Dasypus 41 oblitus, Thamnomys 16 obscurus, Casnolestes 38 Molossus 184, 213 occidentalis, Hypopomus 310 Roeboides 293 ocelot, Felis 212 ochraceus, Proechimys 56 ochrescens, Sciurus 204 ochropus, Dendromus 6 Odocoileus gymnotis 24, 42 lasiotis 136 margaritae 24 peruvianus 152 Oecomys bicolor 161 mamorse 206 oerstedii, Astyanax 105,106 olomina, Priapichthys 1 12, 1 14 omocyaneus, Dorniitator 354 Eleotris 354 onca, Felis 59, i75 opimus, Ctenomys 210 Oreogobius rosenbergii 369 orientalis, Akodon 99, 164 ornatus, Tremarctos 171 orophilus, Akodon 98, 164 Oryzomys albigularis 159 andinus 156 arenalis 156 chaparensis 205 dryas 158 griseolus 49 Page Oryzomys meridensis 49 minutus 158 laticeps nitidus 158 polius 97.159 stolzmanni 154 stolzmanni maranonicus 155 xanthseolus 157 Otomys angoniensis elassodon. 10 nyikae canescens 10 thomasi 9 Oxyloricaria 261 citurensis 82, 262 dariensis 81, 262 f renata 262 panamensis 261 pallescens, Dendromus 7 pallidiventris, Marmosa 39 palliolatus, Peramys 135 palmarum, Artibeus 63 panamensis, Hyphessobrycon. . 287 Loricaria 261 Microeleotris 363 Neetroplus 90, 348 Oxyloricaria 261 Piabucina 300 Priapichthys 322 Tetragonopterus 280,281 Paragambusia nicaraguensis. . . . 316 Paraneetroplus 124 sieboldii 127 pardalis, Felis 30, 60 parismina, Gambusia 71. ii3 Priapichthys 111,113 Parodon dariensis 83, 271 parvipes, Crocidura 19 patana, Macrodon 305 pecari, Tayassu 151 pectinatus, Centropomus 120 Peramys palliolatus 135 peruvianus 93> I47 percoides, Agonostomus n8 perniger, Culius 358 perspicillatum, Hemiderma .... 178 peruana, Tayra 176 peruanus, Cebus 216 Sigmodon 167 peruvianus, Odocoileus 152 Peramys 93, 147 Petalosa cultratum 113 Petalurichthys 1 13 cultratum 113 petrosus, Brycon 84, 297 Phanagoniates 272 macrolepis 272 wilsoni 272 Phenagoniates wilsoni 272 Philypnus 350 dormitator 129 dormitor 129, 350 lateralis 352 Index 383 Page Philypnus maculatus 352 Phodotes tumidirostris 30 Phyllotis amicus 166 andium 165 andium stenops 165 boliviensis 191 decoloratus 191 definitus 189 domorum 207 flavidior 191 pictus 191 sublimis 191 tamborum 165 Piabucina 299 festse 301 panamensis 300 pichardi, Joturus 117,119,336 picta, Eleotris 131, 357 pictus, Phyllotis 191 Pimelodella 242 chagresi 242 Pimelodus 241 chagresi 242 cinerascens 240 clarias punctatus 241 rogersi 103 wagneri 104, 240 pirrense, Cyclopium 83, 265 pisonis, Eleotris 358 Gobius 358 pittieri, Poecilia 71, 115 Pceciliopsis 112,115 Sicydium 132 planiceps, Ancistrus 79, 253 Lasiancistrus 253 Platycephalus dormitor 350 Platypoecilia tropicus 116 Platypoecilus mentalis 327 Plecostomus 247 boulengeri 248 brasiliensis 248 plecostomus 247 seminudus 248 plecostomus, Hypostomus 247 Loricaria 247 Plecostomus 247 Poecilia boucardi 327 caucana 116, 329 caudata 116 cuneata 329 elongata 324 gillii 327 pittieri 71, 115 retropinna 115 sphenops 116, 326 spilonota 116 tenuis 116 tropica 116 Pceciliopsis Ill, 324 colombianus 324 elongatus 324 Page Pceciliopsis isthmensis 325 pittieri 112, 115 retropinna 1 12, I IS polionops, Thamnomys 8 poliopus, Proechimys 141 polius, Oryzomys 97.159 Pomadasis bayanus 129 crocro 129 Potos flavus meridensis 59 praetor, Thomasomys 161 Priapichthys 111,319 annectens 1 12, 1 14 dariensis 321 olomina 112, 114 panamensis 322 parismina iii, 113 tridentiger 320 tridentiger cana 321 turrubarensis 111,113 Pristipoma crocro 129 Procavia brucei maculata 6 mackinderi zelotes 5 Proechimys brevicauda 168 brevicaudus securus 209 ochraceus 56 poliopus 141 prymnolopha, Dasyprocta 193 Pseudocheirodon 275 affinis 275 Pseudoxiphophorus iii terrabensis 112,115 puer, Akodon 208 puma, Felis 175 punctatum, Cichlasoma .... 123, 127 Hoplosterum 264 Megalonema TJ, 241 punctatus, Pimelodus 241 punensis, Viscaccia 211 putaol, Gymnotus 307 Pygidium 266 striatum 78, 266 regani, Astyanax 107 Rhamdia 103 reissi, Canis 172 retropinna, Poecilia 115 Pceciliopsis 112, 115 rhabdophora, Brachyrhaphis 1 12, 115 Gambusia 115 Rhamdia 239 brachycepliala 103 bransfordi 240 heteracantha 104 nasuta 104 regani 103 rogersi 103 underwoodi 104 wagneri 104, 240 Rhamphichthys brevirostris .... 310 Rhipidomys fulviventer 51, 161 f ulviventer elatturus 140 384 Index Page Rhipidomys latimanus i6o Rhogeesa io 64 Rhynchiscus naso 176 ricae, Bryconamericus 107 Rivulus 330 brunneus 86, 331 elegans 331 flabellicauda no isthmensis no robalito, Centropomus 120 robinii, Hypostomus 247 robustum, Megalonema 78, 241 robustus, Astyanax 69,107 Roeboides 291 guatemalensis 109, 291 macrolepis 84, 272 occidentalis 293 Roestes guatemalensis 292 rogersi, Pimelodus 103 Rhamdia 103 rosenbergii, Oreogobius 369 rostrata, Loricaria 261 rostratum, Cichlasoma 123,127 Heros 127 rostratus, Sternarchus 85, 312 rotundus, Desmodus 63,178 ruberrimus, Astyanax 281 rutilus, Astyanax 280 Saccopteryx bilineata 214 leptura 64 Saimiri boliviensis 215 sciurea collinsi 215 salvini, Cotylopus 369 Sicydium 369 Sicyopterus 369 sanctaemartae, Zygodontomys. . . 52 savannarum, Canis 59 Cervus 139 Satanoperca crassilabris 340 schistacea, Crocidura 20 schnabli, Amorphochilus 180 Sciaena maculata 130, 354 undecimalis 120 Sciurus aestuans gilvigularis. . . . 204 cocalis 153 griseogena 26 griseogena tamae 48 Ignitus 204 irroratus ochrescens 204 langsdorffi 205 nesaeus 26 tobagensis 27 tricolor 154 versicolor 47 versicolor zuliae 26, 47 scleroparius, Bryconamericus... 107 Tetragonopterus 107 sechurae, Canis 172 securus, Proechimys 209 seminudus, Plecostomus 248 Page senicula, Alouatta 65 septemfasciatus, Cichlasoma . . . 126 Sicydium 369 altum 132 pittieri 132 salvini 369 Sicyopterus salvini 369 sieboldii, Cichlasoma 127, 345 Heros 345 Paraneetroplus 127 sierrae, Agouti 55 Sigmodon peruanus 167 Sigmomys alstoni 54 sima, Eleotris 354 simus, Creagrutus 85, 290 Myotis 182 Siphostoma elcapitanense 119 Solea fonsecensis 133 somnolentus, Eleotris 354 sorella, Eligmodontia 166 soricina, Glossophaga 177, 212 Sotalia 42 spectrum, Vampyrus 64 sphenops, Mollienisia ..112, 116, 326 Poecilia 116, 326 spilonota, Poecilia 116 spilopterus, Citharichthys 133 spilotum, Cichlasoma 73, 123, 128 spilurum, Cichlasoma ..123,126,128 spinosus, Ancistrus 252 Cervus 138 Neacomys l6o stenops, Phyllotis 165 Sternarchus 312 rostratus 85, 312 virescens 311 Sternopygus 308 dariensis 309 humboldtii 311 lineatus 311 tumifrons 311 stipes, Joturus 337 Xenorhynchichthys 118, 337 stolzmanni, Oryzomys I54 striatulus, Brycon 109, 294 Chalcinopsis 109, 294 striatum, Pygidium 78, 266 striatus, Luciocharax 302 subfuscus, Mus 12 sublimis, Phyllotis 191 Sylvilagus avius 29 capsalis 170 cumanicus 28 defilippii 171 margaritae 29 meridensus 58 nigronuchalis 28 nigronuchalis continentis ... 57 Sylvisorex mundus 18 Synodus malabaricus 305 tareira 305 Index 385 Page taiasica, Awaous 366,368 Chonophorus 1311367,368 Gobius 131.366 tamae, Sciurus 48 Tamandua tetradactyla instabilis 23, 41 tamborum, Phyllotis 165 Tapirus terrestris 46 tareira, Macrodon 305 Synodus 305 Tayassu pecari 151 torvum 46 Tayra barbara 61 barbara madeirensis 212 barbara peruana 176 tecticola, Molossus 213 tenuis, Pcecilia 116 teres, Macrodon 305 terrabensis, Bryconamericus. . . 108 Gambusia 1 14, 1 15 Pseudoxiphophorus 112,115 terrestris, Tapirus 46 Tetragonopterus seneus 105, 106 fasciatus 280 fischeri 280 panamensis 280, 281 scleroparius 107 Thamnomys ibeanus 8 oblitus 16 surdaster polionops 8 thomasi, Otomys 9 Zygodontomys 52 Thomasomys cinereus 161 cinereus ischyrus 162 hylophilus 50 praetor 161 Thoracocharax 287 maculatus 288 tobagensis, Sciurus 27 Tomocichla 124 tuba 124 torvum, Tayassu 46 Trachycoristes 243 amblops 243 trahira, Erythrinus 305 transandeanus, Awaous 368 Chonophorus 131, 368 Gobius 131, 368 Tremarctos ornatus 171 ornatus majori 58 tricolor, Sciurus 154 tridactylus, Bradypus 200 tridentiger, Gambusia 320 Priapichthys 320 tropica, Mollienisia 112,116 Pcecilia 116 tropicus, Platypoecilia 116 tschudii, Metachirus 149 tuba, Cichlasoma 73, 122, 124 Tomocichla 124 tumidirostris, Phodotes 30 Page tumifrons, Sternopygus 311 turrubarensis, Gambusia ....71,113 Priapichthys in, 113 tuyrense, Cichlasoma 89, 344 Loricaria 81, 257 umhratilis, Brachyrhaphis. . 112, 115 Gambusia 70, 1 1 5 umbriferum, Cichlasoma 88, 347 undecimalis, Centropomus 120 Sciasna 120 underwoodi, Cichlasoma. . . . 124, 127 Herichthys 127 Rhamdia 104 uracantha, Loricaria 256 Uroderma bilobatum 64 Ursus americanus 3 emmonsi 13 kermodei 3 valens, Glossophaga 177 Vampyrops zarhinus 178 Vampyrus spectrum 64 variegata, Dasyprocta 209 Loricaria 258 varius, Akodon 208 venusta, Marmosa 200 versicolor, Sciurus 47 vicugna. Lama 201 virescens, Cryptops 311 Eigenmannia 311 Sternarchus 311 Viscaccia 170 punensis 211 voi, Crocidura 18 Mus II wagneri, Pimelodus 104, 240 Rhamdia 104, 240 weddelli. Leontocebus 214 wellsi, Cavia 196 wiedi, Felis 175 wiegmanni, Gymnotis 139 wilsoni, Phanagoniates 272 Phenagoniates 272 xanthasolus, Oryzomys 157 xantippe, Crocidura 19 Xenocara chagresi 251 Xenorhynchichthys stipes.. 118,337 Xiphophorus gillii 2>27 youngi, Diaemus 63 zaodon, Crocidura 21 zarhinus, Vampyrops 178 zelotes, Procavia 5 Zelotomys 7 hildegardeas 7 zorrino, Conepatus 176 zuliae, Sciurus 26, 47 Zygodontomys thomasi 52 thomasi sanctaemartae 52