- TERED

f At% At > LIBRARY

i, RRR CLL EE NEW YORK
4 CeTUnAL (18) BOTANICAL
| GARDEN

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND HORTICULTURE.

Extracts from Leport of 1870

19. Pa" phy prevleg {
Began work March 11th; ini hot-bed, and started early plants.

it Cleared the ground Selene for Garden purposes of rubbish, corn
stalks, cane roots, ete. Then manured somewhat over two acres and
a-half, putting on the whole about two hundred and twenty-five
loads.

As soon as the ground became dry enough it was plowed. This,
however, was not well done, being plowed altogether too shallow to
withstand the drouth which soon came on. After plowing, the
whole was laid out into nine blocks, one hundred and sixty by two
hundred and seventy-two and a-fourth feet, separated by drives fif-
teen feet in width. One acre of this, on the east side, was turned
over to Professor Mathews, for small fruits; and it was decided not
to break up the south-east half acre of sod, so that in the Garden
proper there are seven acres and a-half, exclusive of the space taken
up by the drives. \

The ordinary Garden crops were planted in their time. All suf-
fered more or less from the excessive drouth of the spring and sum-
mer. There were raised in all one hundred and eighty varieties of
vegetables, comprising plants of twenty-three different species.

A bed was prepared, and set with the Dinnzus variety of Rhu-
barb. A large percentage of the plants were\killed by y the drouth.
Such as lived are doing well, and will be readyfor use next season.

In the fall a bed was begun for Asparagus, WN
| and then thoroughly plowing and subsoiling. It will be re-manured

during the winter, and then subsoiled again in the \pring, when it
it will be ready for plants. \
During the fall two hundred and sixty rods of tile arkining were
, put down under the supervision of the Farm Superinte dent, Mr.
11 81

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\
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ee |

reavily manuring,

892 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [No. 17.

Roberts. These drains, though not yet sufficient, will do much to *!

better the land.

At the close of the season the crops were removed, (excepting par-
snips and salsify,) and the ground manured, and then carefully
plowed and subsoiled, and left in the rough for winter.

REPORT... FOR, 1871.

To the Board of Trustees of the Iowa Agricultural College:

GENTLEMEN: I herewith submit my annual report of the Depart-
ment of Botany and Horticulture forthe year 1871 :

For both out-door and class-room work the year just closed has
been pleasant as well as profitable. In the class-room the students
under my charge have manifested a gratifying degree of interest in
the study of Botany; and for the out-door operations I can say that as
a general thing those working with me have done so with cheerful-
ness, taking a good degree of interest in their work, and performing
their tasks in a satisfactory manner. In the results obtained the
year has also been eminently successful. Mostof the crops have done
well, though the short periods of drouth in the summer, and the dry
weather of the fall, somewhat decreased certain crops. The whole
work has moved on with a uniformity not known last year, and
all of the improvements begun have been successfully carried out.

PERMANENT IMPROVEMENTS.

Finished the drives on the north side of the garden, and made
considerable improvement upon those already in use. These drives
are now in quite good condition, but on account of their ‘not being
graveled, it will take a good deal of work annually to keep\ them in
good repair, and free from weeds. Some labor was put upon a por-
tion of the ground in preparing it for better cultivation next year, by
not planting it, keeping it free from weeds, and constantly stirring it
with the plow and cultivator. This portion now promises to fully

No. 17.] AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 83

repay all the labor expended upon it, in the looser condition of the soil,
and its greater freedom from weeds. As a whole the ground is now
in much better condition for garden purposes than ayear ago. The
effect of the somewhat extensive system of under-drains laid last
season, is beginning to show itself in the greater friability of the soil,
which before draining was so tenacious as to make it exceedingly
difficult to plow.

CROPS RAISED.

Although the main object of the garden is to serve as a means of
illustration, we have raised upon it more than enough to supply the
wants of the boarding-hall} farm house, and Professors’ families.
The following list embraces the more important crops raised for this

purpose :

Beans, Lettuce, Radishes,
Beets, Melons, Salsify,
Cabbages, Onions, Squashes,
Carrots, Parsnips, Turnips,
Corn, Peas, \ _ Tomatoes.
.Cucumber, Potatoes.

In the spring I procured and set out\in the bed prepared last year,
one thousand roots of Purple Giant Asparagus, also planted one
hundred roots of Conover’s Colossal. \ Both varieties did so well
that I expect to crop quite heavily next spring. The Rhubarb bed
made last year yielded a full supply for the boarding hall. Such
plants as died out from the drouth of last year were very generously
replaced by the firm of Mathews & Son, of Knoxville. Also pre-
pared and set out a bed of Horseradish, which did well.

EXPERIMENTS.

Seventy-nine varieties of potatoes were planted with a view to de-
termining which were least liable to suffer from the attacks of the
potato beetle. The following is the list of those tried :

Black Mercer. Earzty Roser.
Great Western. ' Early White Sprout.
Early York. Shaker’s Fancy.

84 | AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [No. 17.

Early Pinkeye.
Chenango.
Patterson’s Blue.
Calico.

White Mountain.
Union.

White Rock. \

Kearsearge.

Extra Early White.

Early Wendall,
Rough & Ready.
Early London,
Trish Cup.
Gleason.

Seotch Blue.
Chenery.
Colbrook Seedling.
Cuzco.

Russet No. 1.
Snowball.

Late Pinkeye.
Shaker Russet.

Shaker Russet No. 2.

British Queen.
Mountain Sprout.
Lapstone Kidney.
Early Don.
Mercer.
Coppermine.
Seedling Rock.
Early Stevens.
Early Sovereign.
Dover Seedling.
Prince of Wales.
Noblow.
Napoleon.
Dykeman.

Climax. ¥
Harrison.

Early Shaw.

Early Mohawk.

Excelsior.

King of the Earlies (No. 4).

Bresee’s Prolific (No. 2).

Peerless (No. 6).

Garnet Chili.

Chili No. 2. ly
White Chili.

PEACHBLOW.

Wuitse-Evep PEAcHBLow.

Waite PEAcHBLOW.

White Apple.

Vanderveer’s Seedling.

Six Weeks.

Jackson White.

Merino.

_ Ohio Russet.
Prince Albert.

Black Kidney.
Pennsylvania Searchwarrant.
Andes.

Orono.
Strawberry.
Sebec. \

Scotch Russet.
Early Buckeye.
Callao.

Early Goodrich’
Lady Finger. \
Western Red.
Farfarshire Red.
Early Handsworth. \
Bulkley’s Seedling. \

\

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No. 17.] AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 85

Those in Italics were entirely destroyed by the beetle ; while the
Peachblow and Chili varieties stood their attacks without suffering
much. Climax also showed a good deal of freedom from injury in
this respect. Jor an early potato, Early Rose suffered as little as
any in the whole lot, while the much vaunted King of the Earlies
was almost annihilated. We never need expect to find a beetle-
proof variety of potato, but by planting those most nearly so, we shall
at any rate prevent the beetles increasing as rapidly as they would
otherwise have done. All things considered, the Early Rose is per-
haps the best early potato for general culture ; while the Peach-
blows will generally prove the most satisfactory for late plantings.

White Apple is, to all appearance but a sub-variety of the Peach-
blows, so that I have classed it, with them.

TOMATOES.

About thirty varieties of tomatoes were tried, the most important
of which are the following:

Lixtra Early Red.—Early and very prolific, but badly curved,
and wrinkled. : \

Trophy.—Large, heavy, smooth, all reasonably early. Worthy
of general introduction.

General Grant.—Good. an

Tilden’s New.—Very good. |

Lfejee.—Large and heavy, but too late. \

Yellow Fig, Yellow Cherry, and Lett Cherry.—Small and
smooth; valuable for preserving. \

CABBAGE, \

Planted about twenty varieties, native and foreign.

Early York and Early Wakefield for early \varicties, Winniy-
stadt for second early, and Marblehead Mammoth\and Stone Mason
for late use, are worthy of general cultivation. \Among the re
cently introduced foreign varieties, WcHwan’s ELarly seems worthy
of further attention.

\
\

BEETS.

Of the fourteen varieties planted, none seemed better for table use

86 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ No. 17.

than the Philadelphia Early Turnip Beet, which is medium sized,
round, smooth, and of a fine dark red color.

Bassano, and Early Biood Turnip are too well known to need
recommendation here.

CORN.

' Tried several varieties of sweet corn, which were sent out by the
Department of Agriculture at Washington, D. C.
Asylum Sweet, resembles somewhat the old standard sort, Stow-
ell’s Evergreen, but its ears are larger and fewer rowed.
Narragansett Sweet is perhaps worthy of some attention. It is
of a low and slender habit, producing its small but exceedingly
sweet ears very early in the season. Where earliness is important
this will probably be a very desirable variety.

INSEOTS.

As Iowa has no State Entomologist, it may not be out of place to
name a few of the worst insects found on the garden.

On Beans. Last season (1870) during the excessive drouth, beans
were attacked by the red spider (Zrombedium telarvum, Herm,)
which caused the crop to prove almost an entire failure. This pest
is a little mite, not more than one fiftieth of an inch in length, living on
the under surface of the leaves. Fortunately its habits prevent its
becoming injurious in seasons when there is much rain, as it can
not stand the wet. Remedy: copious watering with cold water.

On Cabbage. The little black flea-beetle (Alalizca striolata, Tlli-
ger,) is often destructive to young cabbages, turnips and allied plants.
Ashes sprinkled on the plants when moist, will help the matter.

Cut worms (Agrot¢s—perhaps several species,) did some damage
the past season. In order to get rid of these, every particle of rub-
bish should be taken off of the ground in the fall, and the whole
then plowed so as to expose it to all the freezing and thawing
possible.

The Cabbage Moth (Plutella cruciferarum, Zeller,) was very
destructive here in 1870, and did some damage this year. The larvee
of this moth is a little green worm about half an inch in length ; it

No. 17.] AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 87

lives on the under side of the leaves, and eats multitudes of holes
into them. I know of no remedy.

The larger cabbage worm, which is the larvee of the common white
butterfly, (Pieris Protodice, Boisd.) is about one inch in length, green-
ish, marked with longitudinal yellow stripes. This season it was
found in some abundance in the garden, boring into the heads of
cabbage ; and when it was allowed to have its own way it utterly
destroyed the head. Hand picking the “worms” will do much to
- prevent their ravages. The butterflies can also be easily caught in
hand-nets and killed, as they are not rapid in flight.

The cabbage plant louse (Aphis brassice, L.,) was very abundant
during the past season, and proved quite injurious to cabbage, cauli-
flower, kale &c. I know of no effectual remedy.

On Corn. This season a neighbor called my attention to a worm
which was boring into his corn. Upon examination I found it to be
the corn worm (/Zeliothis armigera, Hubner,) which seems to be ad-
vancing upon us from the south, where it feeds upon the cotton bolls,
and is accordingly called the Boll Worm.

The perfect insect is a night flying moth, with a spread of
wing of aninch and a half or more, while the worm or larva is In size
and appearance very much like a fat cut-worm. Hand picking, though
laborious, seems to be the most effectual remedy yet discovered.

On Cucumber, Squash, d&ce.—The two worst enemies of these
plants, during the last two years, were the twelve spotted cucumber
beetle, (Diabrotica 12-punctata, Fabr.) and the striped squash beetle,
(Diabrotica vittata, Fabr.) both of which are yellow above, with
black markings, the former with twelve black dots on the back, the
latter with three longitudinal black lines. A mixture of one part of
Paris green to ten or twelve of flour, proved a very efficient remedy
this season.

On Potatoes.—Tho Colorado potato beetle (Doryphora decemlin-
eata, Say.)seems to be slowly giving way before its numerous enemies.
for a considerable time last spring the “ Lady Bugs,” (Coccinella
and Hippodamia) ate up the eggs of the beetle as fast as laid, and I
am certain that on the garden, at least, these friends of ours reduced
the crop of beetles tully one-half. I was gratified at finding another
active enemy of the beetle, the Soldier Bug, busily at work during
the summer, killing the young larve.

88 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [No. 17.

Entomologists now count up about a dozen quite important insects
engaged in this good work of exterminating the potato beetle, so that
we may with considerable certainty predict that we have passed the
worst, and that the future, with of course some fluctuations, will
show an annual decrease in the amount of injury done the potato
crop by this pest.

Aside from these natural checks, hand picking and the application
of Paris green, are the most universally adopted means for their
eradication. Of the two, the former is perhaps the best, all things
considered.

A judicious selection of such varieties of potatoes as suffer least
from their attacks, will also do much to shorten the stay of the beetle
ainong us.

PREPARATIONS FOR NEXT YEAR.

At the close of the season the debris of crops was cleared off,
such vegetables as were designed for use next spring were buried,
and the ground plowed in part. The early setting in of cold weather
prevented the completion of this work. |

A quantity of peat was dug from the bed on the farm, and piled
up for use in making compost during the winter and spring. By
utilizing the material on hand, I do not see why we cannot manufac-
ture from five hundred to a thousand loads of first-class fertilizer
each year, which would be fully enough to meet all the demands of
the garden.

.

NEEDS.

The most pressing want just now is for a Garden-house. This
should contain an office, seed-room, tool-room, and vegetable-room,
and under the whole their should be a good sized frost-proof cellar.
As the fruit department also needs a cellar, and grafting room, a
considerable expense might be saved by combining all into one
larger building.

The supply of tools is not sufficient for all purposes. We should
have a greater variety as well as a greater number, so that our stu-
dents can become acquainted with the use of all kinds of garden
implements.

No. 17.] AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 89

I would also call your attention to the fact that we need a green-
house and conservatory, for the propagation and preservation of
flowering plants.

I have placed these needs in the order of their importance, and
would respectfully urge that efforts be made for providing, at least
the Garden-house before mentioned.

BOTANY.

The Sophomore and Junior classes pursued this subject as laid

down in the course of study, both classes duing their work in a

thorough and satisfactory manner. In the first mentioned class col-
lections of plants were made amounting in the aggregate to upwards
of two thousand specimens; these were neatly mounted in suitable
books, correctly named, and preserved for further study next year.

During the past two years I have been endeavoring to make a full
collection of the plants of this locality, but for want of time have
not yet been able todo so. This season we added quite materially
to the Herbarium both by exchange and purchase, and now have
representatives of perhaps about twenty-five hundred species. There
should be some provision made for an annual addition of at least a
thousand species, which would in a few years give us a good sized
and valuable collection.

I append below, a list of plants, as a contribution to the Flora of
Iowa. The list is necessarily imperfect, in omitting many plants
known to be native of Iowa, but which for lack of time to fully
identify have been left out. In collecting the material for the list I
have been greatly aided by Mr. J. C. Arthur, of the Junior class,
and am under many obligations to Professor Carpenter, of Indianola,
Professor McLain, of Fayette, and Professor Parker, late of Grin.
nell, (now of Amherst, Mass.,) for lists of plants found in their re-
spective localities.

Rev. Isaiah Reid, of Nevada, also fur ote me with a partial list
of the plants collected by him several years ago in the vicinity of
Burlington.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

CHAS. E, BESSEY.

12

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF IOWA.

(Plants in italic are introduced, and in most cases are weeds.)

Leather Flower.

Virgin’s Bower.

Pasque Flower.

Carolina Anemone.
Many Clefs
Anemone.

Long Fruited
Anemone.

Pennsylvanian
Anemone.

Wind Flower.
Round Lobed
Hepatica.

Sharp Lobed
Heptica.

Rue Anemone.

Early Meadow Rue.

Purplish Meadow
Rue.

Fall Meadow Rue.

RANUNCULACEZ.

Clematis Viorna, L.
Des Moines ; Ames.

Clematis Virginiana, L.
Charles City ; Ames ; Fayette ; Burlington.

Anemone patens, L. var. Nuttalliana.
Charles City ; Fayette.

Anemone Caroliniana, Walt.
Ames.

Anemone multifida, DC.

Burlington—rare.

Anemone cylindrica, Gray.
Charles City ; Ames.

Anemone Pennsylvanica, L.
Grinnell; Ames; Fayette.

Anemone nemorosa, L.
Charles City; Ames; Fayette ; Burlington.

Hepatica triloba, Chaix.
Fayette ; Burlington.

Hepatica acutiloba, DC.
Charles City ; Ames; Fayette.
Thalictrum anemonoides, Michx.
Ames ; Fayette.
Thalictrum dioicum, L.
Ames ; Fayette.

Thalictrum purpurascens, L.
Ames.

Thalictrum Cornuti, L.
Ames; Grinnell ; Charles City ; Fayette.

)

90

No. 17.]

White Water
Crowfoot.

Yellow Water
Crowfoot.

Sea-Side Crowfoot.

Small Flowered
Crowfoot.

Cursed Crowfoot.

Bristly Crowfoot.
Early Crowfoot.
Creeping Crowfoot.

Buttercups.

Marsh Marigold.

Wild Columbine.

Yall Larkspur.
Dwarf Larkspur.

Azure Larkspur.

White Baneberry.

Papaw.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 91

Ranunculus aquatilis, L. var. trichophyllus.
Hamilton county.

Ranunculus multifidus, Pursh.

Ames ; Indianola.

Ranunculus Cymbalaria, Pursh.

Ames—rare.

Ranunculus rhomboideus, Goldie.
Charles City ; Fayette.

Ranunculus abortivus, L.
Grinnell ; Indianola ; Fayette.

Ranunculus sceleratus, L.
Ames.

Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus, L.
Burlington.

Ranunculus fascicularis, Muhl.
Indianola ; Fayette; Burlington.

Ranunculus repens, L.
Grinnell ; Indianola ; Ames.

Ranunculus bulbosus, L.
Indianola.
Isopyrum biternatum, Torr. & Gray.
Ames—very common.
Caltha palustris, L.
Ames ; Grinnell ; Charles City ; Fayette.
Aquilegia Canadensis, L.
Ames; Grinnell; Charles City ; Fayette ; Burlington.

Delphinium exaltatum, Ait.
Grinnell

Delphinium tricorne, Michx.
Indianola.

Delphinium azureum, Michx.
Ames ; Charles City.

Acteea alba, Bigel.
Ames ; Charles City.

' ANONACEZ.

Asimina triloba, Dunal.
Marion County ; Burlington.

92 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. . [No. 17.

MENISPERMACE.

Canadian Moonseed. Menispermum Canadense, L.
Ames; Fayette,

BERBERIDACE#.

Blue Cohosh.;. — Caulophyllum thalictroides, Michx. —
Ames; Fayette; Burlington. |
May Apple. Podophyllim peltatum, L.

Ames; Grinnell; Indianola; Charles City; Fayette ; Bur-
lington.

NYMPHAHACEA.

Yellow Nelumbo. Nelumbium luteum, Willd.
Burlington.

White Water Lily. N ympheea odorata, Ait.
Ames; Charles City; Fayette.
Yellow Pond Lily. Nuphar advena, Ait.
Ames; Charles City.
Small Yellow Pond Nuphar luteum, Smith. var. pumilum. (N. Kal-

Lily. :
2 miana, Pursh.)
Fayette- ©

PAPAVERACE. —

Common Poppy. Papaver somniferum, L.
Escaped as a weed at Charles City.

Smooth Fruited Papaver dubtum, L.

Corn Poppy. Escaped as a weed at Charles City.
Blood Root. Sanguinaria Canadensis, L.
Ames ; Grinnell ; Charles City ; Fayette ; Burlington
FUMARIACE.
Dutchman’s Dicentra Cucullaria, DC.

Breeches. Ames; Grinnell ; Fayette ; Burlington.
CRUCIFERZ.

Two-leayed Pepper Dentaria diphylla, L.
Root. Burlington.

Pepper-root. Dentaria laciniata, Muhl.
Ames’; Grinnell ; Burlington.

No. 17.] AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. ~ 93

Spring Cress. Cardamine rhomboidea, DC.
Ames ; Charles City ; Grinnell ; Fayette.

Rock Cress. ' Arabis dentata, Torr. & Gray.
Fayette.

Wood Cress. Arabis hesperidoides, Gray.
Ames.

Worm-seed Mus- Erysimum cheiranthoides, L.

tard. Ames.

Hedge Mustard. Sisymbrium officinale, Scop.
Ames ; Fayette. -

Charlock. Brassica Stinapistrum, Boissier. (Sinapis arven-
gis. L.)
Ames.

Black Mustard. Brassica nigra, L.

Ames; Charles City; Fayette. A vile weed, coming into
fieldsfrom the East. . .

Draba Caroliniana, Walt.

Ames.

False Flax. Camelina sateva, Crantz.
Ames; Grinnell.

Shepherd’s Purse. Capsella Lursa-pastoris, Moench.

Ames ; Indianola; Charles City; Fayette ; Burlington. A weed,
common in fields and neglected grounds, as are also the
two following.

Wild Pepper-grass. Lepidium Virginicum, L.
Ames ; Grinnell ; Fayette ; Burlington.

Pepper-grass. Lepidium ruderale, L.
Ames.
Radish. Raphanus sativus, L.

Escaped from cuitivation in places.

CAPPARIDACE.

Polanisia graveolens, Raf.
Ames.

VIOLACEX.

eeeves Viola rotundifolia, Michx.
, Fayette ; Grinnell.

94

Common Blue
Violet.

Arrow-leaved
Violet.

Larkspur Violet.

Bird-foot Violet.

Downy Yellow
Violet.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

Viola cucullata, Ait.

Grinnell; Ames; Charles City; Indianola; Burlington.

Var lalmata.
Found at Fayette and Burlington.

Viola sagittata, Ait.

Fayette.
Viola delphinifolia, Nutt.

Ames; Grinnell; Indianola; Fayette ; Burlington.
Viola pedata, L.

Ames; Grinnell; Charles City ; Fayette; Burlington.
Viola pubescens, Ait.

Ames; Grinnell ; Charles City ; Burlington.

Viola tricolor, L. var. arvensis.
Ames.

HYPERICACEA.

Great Saint John’s- Hypericum pyramidatum, Ait.

wort.

Common Saint
John’s-wort.

Bouncing Bet.

Cow Herb.

Starry Campion.

Sleepy Catchfly.

Corn-Cockle.

Sandwort.

Ames, rare.

Hypericum Kalmianum, L.
Burlington, rare.

Hypericum perforatum, L.

Burlington. A pernicious weed.

CARYOPHYLLACE.

Saponaria officinalis, L.
Des Moines; Charles City.

Vaccaria vulgaris, Host.
Grinnell.

Silene stellata, Ait.

Ames; Grinnell; Burlington.

Silene antirrhina, L.
Ames.

Lychnis Githago, Lam.

Ames; Charles City; Fayette. Found too often in wheat flelds.

Arenaria lateriflora, L.
Grinnell ; Fayette.

[No. 17

No. 17.] AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 95

Mouse-ear Chick- Qerastium vulgatum, L.

weed. F
Fayette ; Burlington.

Larger Mouse-ear Qecrastium vzscosum, L.
Chickweed. ‘
Ames; Burlington.

Cerastium nutans, Raf.

Indianola.
Corn Spurry. Spergula arvensis, L.
Ames.
Carpet-weed. Mollugo verticillata, L.
Cedar Rapids.
PORTULACACE.
Purslane. Portulaca oleracea, L.
Common as a weed in gardens and fields.
Portulaca. Portulaca grandiflora, ——,
Escaping as a weed at Charles City.
Spring Beauty. © Claytonia Virginica, L.
Ames; Charles City ; Indianola’; Grinnell ; Fayette ; Burlington.
Spring Beauty. § Claytonia Caroliniana, Michx.
Grinnell.
MALVACE.

Common Mallow. Malva rotundifolia, L.
Ames ; Des Moines ; Cedar Rapids.

High Mallow. Malva sylvestris, L.
Ames.
Indian Mallow. Abutilon Avzcenne, Geertn.

Ames; Indianola; Fayette; Marshalltown; Burlington; &c.
An Indian plant coming to us as a troublesome weed.

_ Bladder Ketmia. Hibiscus Zrionum, L.
Escaping as a weed at Indianola.

TILIACEA.

Basswood. | Tilia Americana, L.
Ames; Charles City; Fayette; Burlington.

LINACES.

Wild Flax. Linum sulcatum, Riddell. (L. Boottii, Planchon.)
Ames; Charles City ; Burlington.

56 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. ‘ ‘itera

Common Flax. Linum usztatissemum, L.
Escaping from cultivation at Ames.

GERANIACEA.

Wild Cranesbill. Geranium maculatum, L.
Ames; Charles City; Grinnell ; Fayette.

Pale Touch-me-not. Impatiens pallida, Nutt.
; Grinnell.

Spotted Touch-me- Impatiens fulva, Nutt.
not. Ames; Fayette; Burlington.

Violet Wood-Sorrel. Oxalis violacea, L.

Ames; Charles City; Indianola; Grinnell; Fayette; Burling-
ton.

Yellow Wood-Sor- Oxalis stricta, L.

rel. Ames; Charles City; Indianola; Grinnell; Fayette; Burling-
ton.
RUTACE.
Prickly Ash. Zanthoxylum Americanum, Mill.

Ames; Charles City ; Fayette.

ANACARDIACEA.

Smooth Sumach. Rhus glabra, 1.
Ames; Charles City ; Fayette; Burlington.

Poison Ivy. Rhus Toxicodendron, L.
Ames; Charles City ; Fayette ; Burlington.

VITACES.
Summer Grape. Vitis eestivalis, Michx.
Burlington.
Frost Grape. Vitis cordifolia, Michx.

Ames; Fayette ; Burlington.

Virginia Creeper. Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx.
Ames; Charles City; Fayette; Burlington. This beutiful
vine is often mistaken for its poisonous relative, the Poison
Ivy. This creeper has five leaflets, while the Poison Ivy has
but three.

No. 17.]

New Jersey Tea.

Climbing Bitter-
Sweet.

Waahoo.

Bladder Nut.

Ohio Buckeye.

Sweet Buckeye.

Sugar Maple.

_ Silver Mapie.

is

Box Elder,

Milkwort.

Seneca Snakeroot.

13

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

RHAMNACEX.

Ceanothus Americanus, L.
Ames; Charles City ; Grinnell ; Burlington.

Ceanothus ovalis, Bigelow.
Ames; Fayette.

CELASTRACE.

Celastrus scandens, L.
Ames; Fayette; Burlington.

Euonymus atropurpureus, Jacq.
Ames ; Fayette; Burlington.

SAPINDACEA.

Staphylea trifolia, L.
Ames ; Charles City; Fayette ; Burlington.

Aisculus glabra, Willd.

Indianola,

A‘sculus flava, Ait.

Burlington.
Acer saccharinum, Wang.
Ames; Charlés City; Fayette; Burlington.
Var. nigrum.
Fayette.

Acer dasycarpura, Ehrhart.
Ames; Fayette; Burlington.

Negundo aceroides, Moench.
Ames ; Grinnell; Fayette; Burlington.

POLYGALACE.

Polygala incarnata, L.
Ames; Grinnell.

Polygala sanguinea, L.
Ames; Charles City.

Polygala verticillata, L.
Ames ; Charles City.

Polygala Senega, L.

Burlington.

97

gs AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [No. 17.

LEGUMINOS&.

Stone Clover. Trifolium arvense, L.
Lately introduced at Ames,

SE gst, Trifolium pratense, L.
Cultivated largely.

White Clover. sini
Trifolium repens, L.

Introduced in cultivation.

Low Hop-Clover. Trifolium procumbens, aS:

Lately introduced at Ames.

White Meliot. Melilotus aléa, Lam.
Charles City ; Cedar Rapids.
Black Medick. Medicago dupulina, L.

Lately introduced at Ames.

Psoralea argophylla, Pursh.

Grinnell.

Violet Prairie Clo- Petalostemon violaceus, Michx.

ver. Ames ; Charles City ; Grinnell.

White Prairie Clo- Petalostemon candidus, Michx.
ver. Ames; Charles City ; Grinnell.
False Indigo. Amorpha fruticosa, L.
Ames; Indianola; Grinnell; Burlington.

Lend Piet: Amorpha canescens, Nutt.
Ames; Charles City ; Indianola; Grinnell; Burlington.

Common Locust. Robinia Pseudacacia, L.
Largely planted, especially in the southern counties. Fre-
quently called, also, Black Locust.

Ground Plum. Astragalus caryocarpus, Ker.
Ames; Charles City ; Grinnell; Fayette.
Astragalus Canadensis, L.
Ames; Charles City ; Burlington.

Astragalus distortus, Torr. & Gr.
Burlington.

Tick Trefoil. Desmodium acuminatum, DC.
Ames ; Burlington.

Desmodium cuspidatum, Torr. & Gr.
Burlington.

Desmodium paniculatum, DC.
Grinnell.

No. 17. |

Bush Clover.

Vetch.

Vetchling.

Marsh Vetchling.

Ground-nnt.

Wild Bean.

False Indigo.

Red Bud.

Partridge Pea.
Kentucky Coffee-

tree.

Honey Locust.

Wild Plum.

Chickasaw Plum.

Wild Red Cherry.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 99

Desmodium Canadense, DC.
Ames; Grinnell; Indianola.

Desmodium sessilifolium, Torr. & Gray.
Ames.
Lespedeza capitata, Michx.
Grinnell.
Vicia Americana, Muhl.
Ames; Charles City ; Fayette.
Lathyrus venosus, Muhl.
Fayette.

Lathyrus palustris, L.

Ames.
Apios tuberosa, Mcench.

Ames ; Grinnell.
Phaseolus perennis, Walt.

Ames ; Charles City ; Burlington.
Phaseolus diversifolius, Pers.

Ames, along the Des Moines River.
Baptisia leucantha, Torr. & Gr.

Ames ; Charles City ; Grinnell ; Burlington.
Baptisia leucopheea, Nutt.

Ames ; Charles City ; Indianola ; Grinnell ; Fayette; Burlington.
Cercis Canadensis, L.

Burlington.
Cassia Chameecrista, L.

Ames ; Grinneil ; Charles City ; Burlington.
Gymnocladus Canadensis, Lam.

Ames ; Burlington.

Gleditschia triacanthos, L.

Ames, common variety with thorns, and also a thornless variety ;
Burlington.

ROSACE.

Prunus Americana, Marsh.

Ames ; Indianola ; Grinnell; Fayette ; Charles City ; Burlington.
Prunus Chicasa, Michx.

Fayette.

Prunus Pennsylvanica, L.
Ames ; Charles City ; Fayette.

100 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. LNo. 17.

Choke Cherry. Prunus Virginiana, L.
Ames ; Charles City ; Fayette ; Burlington.

Wild Black Cherry. Prunus serotina, Ehrhart.
: Ames ; Grinnell ; Fayette ; Burlington.

Nine-Bark. Spireea opulifolia, L.
Charles City.
Meadow-Sweet. § Spireea salicifolia, L.
Charles City.
Agrimony. Agrimonia Eupatoria, L.
Ames ; Charles City.
Avens. Geum album, Gmelin. !
Ames.

Geum triflorum, Pursh.
Charles City ; Fayette.

Norway Cinque-foil. Potentilla Norvegica, L.
Ames.

Common Cingue-foil Potentilla Canadensis, L.
Ames ; Charles City ; Fayette ; Burlington.

Potentilla arguta, Pursh.
Ames ; Grinnell ; Charles City.
Wild Strawberry. 'yagaria Virginiana, Ehrhart. (var. Illinoensis.)
Ames.

Wild Red Raspberry Rubus strigosus, Michx.
Ames ; Charles City ; Fayette.

Wild Black Rasp- Rubus occidentalis, L.
berry.

Ames ; Charles City ; Fayette ; Burlington.

Wild Blackberry. Rubus villosus, Ait.
Ames ; Charles City ; Fayette ; Burlington.

Wild Rose. Rosa lucida, Ehrhart.
Ames ; Burlington.

Wild Rose. Rosa blanda, Ait.
Ames; Fayette. These two species of Rosa seem to be too
nearly alike.
Black Thorn. Cratzegus tomentosa, L.
Ames ; Indianola ; Fayette.
Var. punctata, Gray.

Ames. Other forms are found in abundance, but they
seem to be not sufficiently fixed, for classifying.

fi

No. 17.] AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

Cockspur Thorn. QOrateegus Crus-Galli, L. (?)
Burlington.

American Crab- Pyrus coronaria, L:
Apple.

Service Berry. Amelanchier Canadensis, Torr. & Gr.
Ames ; Indianola ; Fayette ; Burlingto

SAXIFRAGACE.

Wild Gooseberry. Ribes hirtellum, Michx.
Burlington.

Wild Gooseberry. Ribes rotundifolium, Michx.
Ames ; Fayette.

Wild Black Currant. Ribes floridum, Te
Ames ; Fayette ; Burlington.

Wild Hydrangea. {ydrangea arborescens, L.
Fayette.

Grass of Parnassus. Parnassia Caroliniana, Michx.

Ames.
Swamp Saxifrage. Saxifraga Pennsylvanica, L.

Grinnell ; Burlington.

Alum Root. Heuchera hispida, Pursh.
Ames; Grinnell ; Charles City ; Faye

CRASSULACEA.

Ditch Stone-crop. Penthorum sedoides, L.
Ames ; Charles City.

HALORAGE.

Mermaid Weed. Proserpinaca palustris, L.
Ames.

ONAGRACE#.

Enchanter’s Night- Circzea Lutetiana, L.
shade.

Ames ; Burlington.

Gaura. Gaura biennis, L.
Des Moines ; Indianola.
Willow Herb. Epilobium coloratum, Muhl.

Ames ; Charles City.

Ames ; Grinnell ; Charles City ; Fayette ; Burlington.

101

102 . AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

Evening Primrose. (Hnothera biennis, L.
Ames ; Indianola ; Burlington.

(Enothera serrulata, Nutt.
Ames ; Charles City.

_ Ludwigia polycarpa, Short & Peter.

Ames.
LYTHRACE.

Loosestrife. Lythrum alatum, Pursh.
Ames; Grinnell; Charles City.

CUCURBITACE.

One-seeded Cucum- Sicyos angulatus, L.
ber. : 2
Ames, on Des Moines river.

Wild Balsam Apple. Hchinocystis lobata, Torr. & Gray.
Ames ; Charles City.

UMBELLIFER.
Black Snakeroot. Sanicula Marilandica, L.

Ames.

£ Snakeroot. . ' j
Buttor Snaker Eryngium yucceefolium, Michx.

Ames ; Grinnell ; Charles City.

init aloe Heracleum lanatum, Michx.

Ames ; Grinnell ; Fayette.

Common Parsnip. 5 5
P- Pastinaca sativa, L.

Escaping from cultivation at Ames.
Cow bane.

Archemora rigida, DC.

Ames ; Charles City. Plant poisonous.

Great Angelica. :
rege OBESE _Kychangelica atropurpurea, Hoftm.

Ames ; Charles City.

Meadow Parsnip. Thaspium aureum, Nutt.

Ames ; Grinnell ; Charles City.

Zizia integerrima, DC.
Ames; Burlington.
Honewort.

Cryptoteenia Canadensis, DC.

Ames.
Chervil.
Cheerophyllum procumbens, Larn.
Ames.
Smoother Sweet . . .
Cicely. Osmorrhiza longistylis, DC.

Ames.

[No. 17.

‘y

No. 17.] AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

Hairy Sweet Cicely. Osmorrhiza brevistylis, DC.
Ames.

ARALIACE.

Spikenard. Aralia racemosa, L.
Ames ; Fayette ; Burlington.

Wild Sarsaparilla. Aralia nudicaulis, L.
Ames ; Burlington.

Ginseng. Aralia quinquefolia, Gray.
Fayette ; Burlington.

CORNACE.

Round Leaved Cor- Cornus circinata, L’ Her.
nel.

Ames.
Kinnikinnik. Cornus sericea, L.
Ames.
Red-Osier Dogwood. Cornus stolonifera, Michx.
Burlington.
Rough Leaved Dog- Cornus asperifolia, Michx.
wood. Fayette.

Panicled Cornel. Cornus paniculata, L’ Her.
Ames ; Charles City ; Burlington.

Alternate Leaved (Cornus alternifolia, L.

Cornel. Fayette ; Burlington.

CAPRIFOLIACEA.

Wolfberry. Symphoricarpus occidentalis, R. Br.

Charles City.

Small Honey suckle. Lonicera parviflora, Lam. var. Douglasii.

Ames ; Charles City ; Fayette.

Horse Gentian. | Lriosteum perfoliatum, L.
Ames ; Grinnell ; Charles City ; Fayette; Burlington.
Black Elder. Sambucus Canadensis, L.
Ames ; Charles City ; Burlington.
Red Elder. Sambucus pubens, Michx.
Ames.
Sheep-Berry. Viburnum Lentago, L.

Ames ; Grinnell ; Burlington.

103

104

Withe-rod.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [ No. 17.

Viburnum nudun, L..
Fayette.

Downy Arrow-wood Viburnum pubescens, Pursh.

Cranberry Tree.

Bedstraw.
Small Bedstraw.

Button Bush.

Jron- Weed.

Blazing Star.

Joe-Pye Weed.
Boneset.

White Snakeroot.

Aster.

Ames.

Viburnum Opulus, L.

This, or a nearly allied species, is found at Charles City.

RUBIACEA.

Galium concinnum, Torr. & Gr.
Burlington.

Galium trifidum, L.
Ames ; Grinnell ; Charles City.

Cephalanthus occidentalis, L.

Ames ; Burlington.

COMPOSITA.

Vernonia fasciculata, Michx.
Ames ; Grinnell; Charles City ; Burlington. This, on low pas-

ture lands, is a somewhat troublesome weed.
Liatris cylindracea, Michx.
Ames; Grinnell.

Liatris scariosa, Willd.
Ames ; Indianola ; Grinnell ; Charles City ; Burlington.

Liatris pychnostachya, Michx.
Ames ; Indianola ; Grinnell; Charles City.

Kuhnia eupatorioides, L.
Ames ; Grinnell.

Eupatorium purpureum, L.
Ames ; Grinnell ; Charles City.

Eupatorium perfoliatum, L.
Ames ; Indianola ; Charles City ; Fayette ; Burlington.

Eupatorium ageratoides, L.
Ames ; Grinnell.

Aster sericeus, Vent.
Ames ; Grinnell ; Charles City.

Aster patens, Ait.

Ames ; Grinnell.

Aster levis, L.

Grinnell.

No. 17.] AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 105

Aster azureus, Lindl.
Grinnell.

Aster undulatus, L.
Grinnell.

Aster cordifolius, L.
Ames. .

Aster multiflorus, Ait.

Ames ; Grinnell.

Aster dumosus, L. (?)
Ames.

Aster Tradescanti, L.

Grinnell.

Aster miser, L. (2)
Ames.

Aster simplex, Willd. (2)
Ames ; Grinnell.

Aster tenuifolius, L. (?)

Grinnell.

Aster carneus, Nees.
Ames.

Aster puniceus, L.
Grinnell.

Aster prenanthoides, Muhl.

Ames.

Aster oblongifolius, Nutt.

Grinnell. Seems to vary from typical

Aster Novee Angliz, L.

, Ames.

Horse Weed. Erigeron Canadense, L.
Grinnell. <A rapidly spreading weed.
Erigeron divaricatum, Michx.
Ames. A native weed, of a low and spreading habit, which is
intruding on our pastured prairies.

Robin’s Plantain. Erigeron bellidifolium, Muhl.
Burlington.

Common Fleabane. Erigeron Philadelphicum, L.
Ames ; Charles City ; Fayette.

14

106

Daisy Fleabane.

Daisy Fleabane.

Golden Rod.

Compass Plant.

Prairie Dock.

Cup Plant.

Ragweed.

Great Rag-weed.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [No. 17.

Erigeron annuum, Pers.
Ames ; Grinnell.

Erigeron strigosum, Muhl.
Ames; Charles City.

Boltonia glastifolia, L’ Her.

Ames.

Solidago latifolia, L.

Ames.
Solidago rigida, L.

Ames ; Grinnell; Charles City; Burlington.
Solidago Riddellii, Frank.

Ames.

Solidago ulmifolia, Muhl.

Ames.

Solidago nemoralis, Ait.
Grinnell.

Solidago Missouriensis, Nutt. (7)

Ames.

Solidago Canadensis, L.

Ames; Indianola ; Grinnell.

Solidago lanceolata, L.
Ames, Grinnell.

Siulphium laciniatum, L.

Ames; Charles City; Fayette; Burlington. Tnhis curious plant
is found abundantly on the moister parts of the prairies, —
but cultivation soon drives it out.

Silphium terebenthinaceum, L.

Burlington.

Silphium perfoliatum, L.
Ames; Charles City; Burlington. At Grinnell it seems to vary
from the typical form.

Parthenium integrifolium, L.
Charles City.

‘Ambrosia bidentata, Michx.

Burlington.

Ambrosia trifida, L.
Ames ; Charles City.

var. integrifolia.
Ames.

No. 17.]

Bitter-weed.

Cocklebur.

Ox-Eye.

Purple Cone-flower.

Cone-fiower.

Comm’n Sun-flower.

Actinomeris.

Tick-seed.

Beggar-Ticks,

Spanish Needles.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 107

Ambrosia artemisizefolia, L.
Ames ; Charles City.

Ambrosia pilostachya, DC.

Ames.
These species of Ambrosia are vile weeds, and should be eradi-
cated as rapidly as possible.
Xanthium strumarium, L.
Ames; Burlington. A bad weed on low grounds.
Heliopsis levis, Pers.
Ames ; Indianola.

var. scabra.
Grinnell.

Echinacea angustifolia, DC.
Ames ; Grinnell ; Burlington.

Rudbeckia laciniata, L.
Ames; Charles City.

Rudbeckia triloba, L.

Ames; Grinnell.

Rudbeckia hirta, L.
Ames ; Charles City.
Lepachys pinnata, Torr. & Gr.
Indianola; Grinnell.
Helianthus annuus, L.
Ames. Has become so thoroughly naturalized as to have much
the appearance of a native plant.
Helianthus rigidus, Desf.
Ames; Indianola; Grinnell.

Helianthus letiflorus, Pers.
Ames ; Charles City.

Helianthus grosse-serratus, Martens.
Ames; Grinnell.

Helianthus doronicoides, Lam. (?)
Ames.

Actinomeris squarrosa, Nutt.
Ames.

Coreopsis palmata, Nutt.
Ames ; Charles City.

Bidens frondosa, L.

Ames ; Indianola.

108

Swamp Beggar-
Ticks.

Bur-Marigold. —

Fetid Marigold.

Sneeze-Weed.

May- Weed.

Garden Chamomile.

Milfoil.

Ox-Eye Daisy,
White-Weed.

Wild Wormwood.

Mugwort, or Sage

Brush.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [No. 17.

Bidens connata, L.
Ames.

Aon rae
Ames.

Bidens chrysanthemoides, Michx.
Ames ; Grinnell.
These species of Bidens are often allowed to grow in corn-
fields, along ditches, and in fence rows, by slovenly farmers.

Dysodia chrysanthemoides, Lag.
Ames ; Grinnell.

Helenium autumnale, IL.
Ames ; Grinnell.

Leptopoda brachypoda, ‘Torr. & Gr.

Indianola.

Maruta cotula,. DC.
Ames ; Charles City ; Burlington—common along roadsides.

Anthemis nobilis, LL.

Roadsides at Ames.

Achillea Millefolium, L.

Ames ; Indianola : Charles City ; Burlington.

Leucanthemum vulgare, Lam.
Ames.
Lately introduced, and perhaps not yet established. <A mis-
erable weed.
Artemisia dracunculoides, Pursh. 4
Ames.

Artemisia Ludoviciana, Nutt.

Ames ; Grinnell.

Biennial Wormwood Artemisia biennis, Willd.

Common
Wormwood.

Everlasting.

Fire-Weed.

Indian Plantain.

Ames.
Artemisia Absinthiwm, L.

Charles City. Escaped from gardens.

Antennaria plantaginifolia, Hook.
Ames ; Indianola ; Charles City.

Erechthites hieracifolia, af.
Ames ; Grinnell,

Cacalia tuberosa, Nutt.
Ames ; Grinnell ; Charles City.

No. 17] _

Golden Ragwort.

Bluebottle.

Common Thistle.

Tall Thistle.

_

Yellow Thistle.

Canada Thistle.

Burdock.

Dwarf Dandelion.

Troximon.

Long bearded
Hawk-Weed.

Rattlesnake-Weed.

is White Lettuce.

Dandelion.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 109

Senecio aureus, L.
Ames ; Indianola ; Grinnell; Charles City ; Burlington.

Var. Balsamite.
Burlington.

Centaurea Cyanus, L.
Ames—introduced lately from the east.

Cirsium lanceolatum, Scop.
Burlington.
Cirsium altissimum, Spreng.
Ames ; Indianola ; Charles City. The common Thistle of our
fields and woodlands.

Cirsium horridulum, Michx.
Burlington.

Cirsium arvense,
Keokuk ; Ottumwa.
I found this outlawed plant growing in the streets of the city
of Keokuk in the autumn of 1870, and am informed on
good authority that about Ottumwaitis also found. The
strictest enforcement of ourState law on this subject should

be demanded by every enterprising farmer and gardener.

Lappa officinalis. Allioni, var. Aajor.

Ames ; Burlington. <A detestable weed.

Willd.

Scop.

Krigia Virginica,
Burlington.

Troximon cuspidatum, Pursh.

Ames; Grinnell.
Hieracium longipilum, Torr.(?)
Ames.

Mieracium venosum, L. ;
Grinnell ; Fayette.

Nabalus albus,
Ames ; Burlington.

Hook.

Nabalus asper,
Ames ; Grinnell.

Torr. & Gray.

DC.

Nabalus crepidineus,
Ames.

Taraxacum Dens-leonis, Desf.

Ames; Indianola ; Charles City ; Fayette ; Burlington.
Probably introduced from the east at all these localities.

110

Wild Lettuce.

Prickly Lettuce.

False Lettuce.

Sow Thistle.

Cardinal Flower.

Great Lobelia.

Indian Tobacco.

Spiked Lobelia.

Harebell.

Marsh Bellflower.

Tall Bellflower.

Venus’ Looking-
glass.

Shin Leaf.

Indian Pipe.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

Lactuca Canadensis, L.
Ames.

var. sanguinea, ‘Torr. & Gr.

Ames.

Lectuca Scariola, LL.
Ames.

Mulgedium Floridanum, DC.

Grinnell.

Sonchus asper, Vill.

Grinnell.
LOBELIACE 4%.

Lobelia cardinalis, LL.
Ames ; Burlington.

Lobelia syphilitica, L.

Ames ; Indianola ; Grinnell ; Burlington.
Lobelia inflata, L.

Cedar Rapids.

Lobelia spicata, Lam.
Ames; Grinnell; Charles City.

Lobelia paludosa, Nutt.

Ames; Burlington.
CAMPANULACESA.

Campanula rotundifolia, L.
Fayette.

Campanula aparinoides, Pursh.
Ames ; Charles City.

Campanula Americana, L.
Ames ; Indianola; Griunell; Burlington.

Specularia perfoliata, A. DC.
Ames; Grinnell; Burlington.

ERICACEA.

Pyrola elliptica, Nutt.
Cedar Rapids.

Monotropa uniflora, L.
Ames; Grinnell.

[No. 17.

No. 17.]

Pine Sap.

Common

Plantain.

Rib-grass.

Shooting Star.

Tufted Loosestrife.

Loosestrife.

Trumpet Creeper.

Mullein.

Butter and Eggs.

Figwort.

Beard Tongue.

Monkey Flower.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

Monotropa Hypopitys, L.
Fayette.

PLANTAGINACE.

Plantago major, L.

Ames; Burlington, common.
Plantago lanceolata, L.
Ames.

PRIMULACE#.

Dodecatheon Meadia, L.
Charles City ; Fayette; Burlington.

Lysimachia thyrsiflora, L.

Ames.

Lysimachia ciliata, L.
Ames.

Lysimachia longifolia, Pursh.

Ames; Grinnell.
BIGNONIACEA.,

Tecoma radicans, Juss.

Burlington.
SCROPHULARIACEX.

Verbascum Zhapsus, L.

111

Ames; Burlington. A slovenly weed coming to us from the

East.
Linaria vulgaris, Mill.
Indianola ; Des Moines; Charles City.

Scrophularia nodosa, L.
Ames ; Charles City.

Pentstemon pubescens, Solander.

Burlington.

Pentstemon grandiflorus, Fraser.

Dubuque.
Mimulus ringens, L.

‘*A pernicious weed.’’

Ames; Grinnell. At the latter place Professor Parker describes
it as having a stem four-angled ; two opposite sides convex,

the other two deeply concave

112

Culver’s Physic.
Water Speedwell.

Purslane Speedwell.

Purple Gerardia.

Slender Gerardia.

Scarlet Painted
Cup.

Louse-wort.

Blue Vervain.
White Vervain.

Hoary Vervain.

Low Vervain.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [No. 17

Veronica Virginica, L.
Ames; Grinnell; Charles City.

Veronica Anagallis, L.
Ames.

Veronica peregrina, L,
Ames.

Gerardia purpurea, L.
Ames; Grinnell.

Gerardia tenuifolia, Vahl.
Ames ; Grinnell ; Burlington.

Gerardia quercifolia, Pursh.
Burlington.

Gerardia auriculata, Michx.
Ames; Grinnell.

Castilleia coccinea, Spreng.

Grinnell ; Charles City ; Fayette; Burlington.
Castilleia sessiliflora, Pursh.

Ames; Fayette,

Pedicularis Canadensis, L.
Ames ; Indianola; Grinnell; Charles City; Fayette; Burlington.

Pedicularis lanceolata, Michx.
Ames; Grinnell; Charles City. Seems to vary from the typ-
ical form.

ACANTHACE#.

Ruellia ciliosa, Pursh.
Indianola.

VERBENACES.

Verbena hastata, L.
Ames; Grinnell ; Charles City ; Burlington,

Verbena urticifolia, L.
Ames; Grinnell; Charles City ; Burlington.

Verbena stricta, Vent.
Ames ; Charles City ; Burlington. At Ames flowers not ‘‘ blue,”
but decidedly purple. Stem occasionally branched, and
leaves sometimes dentate.

Verbena bracteosa, Michx.
Ames ; Grinnell; Charles City.

No. 17.]

Wood Sage.
Spearmint.

Wild Mint.

Basil. 3

Wild Bergamot.

Giant Hyssop.

Anise Hyssop.

Catnip.

Gill.
False Dragon-head.
Heal-all.

Skull-cap..

Skull-cap.

Common Hore-
hound.

15

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

LABIATA.

Teucrium Canadense, L.
Ames; Grinnell; Burlington.

Mentha viridis, L.

Burlington.

Mentha Canadensis, L,

Ames.

Lycopus Europeeus, L. var. sinuatus, Gr.

Ames ; Grinnell.

Pycnanthemum lanceolatum, Pursh.
Ames ; Grinnell ; Charles City ; Burlington.

Monarda fistulosa, L.

Ames ; Indianola ; Burlington.

Blephilia hirsuta, Benth.

Ames.
Lophanthus scrophularizefolius, Benth.
Ames ; Grinnell.
Lophanthus anisatus, Benth.
Grinnell.
Nepeta catarva, L.
Ames ; Charles City ; Burlington.
Nepeta Glechoma, Benth.
Indianola.
Physostegia Virginiana, Benth.
Ames.

Brunella vulgaris, L.
Ames; Grinnell ; Charles City.

Scutellaria versicolor, Nutt.
Burlington.
Scutellaria parvula, Michx.

Ames; Grinnell.

Scutellaria lateriflora, L.
Ames.

Marubium vulgare, L.
Burlington.

113

114

False Gromwell.

Gromwell.

Hairy Puccoon.

Lungwort.

Stickseed.

Beggar’s Lice.

Waterleaf. .

Ellisia.

Greek Valerian.
Wild Sweet-william.

Wild Pink.

Wood Pink.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [| No. 17

BORRAGINACE.

-

Onosmodium Carolinianum, DC. (?)

Ames. Our plant seems intermediate between O. Carolinia-
uum and molle. Professor Parker gives what I presume. is
the same plant as ‘‘an undescribed variety of O. Virginia-
num.”’

Lithospermum latifolium, Michx.

Ames.

Lithospermum canescens, Lehm.
Ames; Charles City; Grinnell; Fayette; Burlington.

Lithospermum longiflorum, Spreng.
Ames; Charles City ; Fayette.

- Mertensia Virginica, DC.

Ames; Indianola; Grinnell; Charles City; Fayette; Burling-
ton.

Echinospermum Lappula, Lehm.
Ames ; Grinnell ; Charles City.

Cynoglossum Morissoni, DC.

Ames. Both last mentioned plants are weeds.

HYDROPHYLLACEA.

Hydrophyllum Virginicum, L.
Ames ; Grinnell.

Ellisia ambigua, Nutt.

Ames; Indianola; Grinnell; Fayette.

POLEMONIACE.

Polemonium reptans, L.
Fayette ; Burlington.

Phlox maculata, L. ‘
Grinnell ; Charles City ; Burlington. ;
Phlox pilosa, L.

Ames ; Indianola; Grinnell; Charles City ; Fayette. The
common Wild Pink of the prairies.

Phlox procumbens, Lehm.
Ames. Common in timber land.
Phlox divaricata, L.
Grinnell ; Burlington.

Phlox bifida, Beck.

Burlington.

No. 17.| AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 115

CONVOLVULACE.

Hedge Bindweed. (Oalystegia sepium, R. Br.

Ames; Charles City; Grinnell; Burlington. A common and
troublesome weed in fields.

Dodder. Cuscuta Gronovii, Willd.
Ames.

Cuscuta glomerata, Choisy.
Ames ; Indianola.

SOLANACE.

Black Nightshade. Solanum negrum, L.
Ames, and elsewhere. Flowers purplish tinged! 1¢ inch
broad. Berries eaten in some parts of the State.

Ground Cherry. § Physalis viscosa, L.

Ames; Grinnell ?

Physalis Pennsylvanica, L.
Ames ; Charles City.

“Jimson,” or Thorn Pjatnra Stramonium, L.

Apple.
Ames, Indianola, Knoxville, and Burlington. An unsightly and
poisonous weed.

GENTIANACE.

Five-flowered Gen- Gentiana quinqueflora, Lam.
tian. Aes

Fringed Gentian. Gentiana crinita, Freel.
Ames; Grinnell.

Whitish Gentian, entiana alba, Muhl.
Ames.

Closed Gentian. | Gentiana Andrewsii, Griseb.
Ames ; Grinnell ;- Charles City.

Soapwort Gentian, Gentiana Saponaria, L.
Ames.

Gentiana puberula, Michx.

Ames.

APOCYNACEZ.

Spreading Dogbane. Apocynum androseemifolium, L.
Ames ; Charles City ; Burlington.

Indian Hemp. Apocynum cannabinum, L.
Ames ; Burlington.

116 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [No. 17.

ASCLEPIADACEZ.

Milkweed or Silk- Asclepias Cornuti, Decaisne.
weed. Ames ; Indianola ; Charles City; Burlington.
Purple Milkweed. Asclepias purpurascens, L.
Ames.

Swamp Milkweed. A sclepias incarnata, L.

Ames ; Grinnell.

Asclepias obtusifolia, Michx.

Grinnell.
Pleurisy-root. Asclepias tuberosa, L.
Ames ; Indianola; Grinnell ; Charles City ; Burlington.

Whorl ed Milkweed Asclepias verticillata, L.
Ames ; Burlington.

Green Milkweed. A cerates viridiflora, Ell.
Ames; Charles City.

OLEACE.

White Ash. Fraxinus Americana. L.
Ames; Burlington.

ARISTOLOCHIACES.

Wild Ginger. Asarum Canadense, L.
Ames ; Fayette; Burlington.

CHENOPODIACE.

Lamb’s-Quarters. Chenopodium album, L.
Ames.

var. Boscianum, Gr.
Ames. Both common in gardens.

Maple-leaved Goose- Chenopodium hybridum, L.
foot. Ames.

AMARANTACE.

Pig-weed. Amarantus retroflexus, L.
Ames. Several other species of Amarantus are found here, but
they have not yet been fully identified. All are weeds, the
most prominent of which is the common Tumble-weed (A.
albus, L. ?)

No. 17.]

Prince’s Feather.
Polygonum.
Lady’s Thumb.
Smartweed. °

Water Persicaria.

Krotgrass.

Larger Knotgrass.

Black Bindweed.

Climb’g False Buck- Pol

wheat.

Buckwheat.

Pale Dock.

Curled Dock.

Sheep Sorrel.

Bastard Toad-flax.

Spurge.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 117

POLYGONACEZ.

Polygonum orzentale, L.
Ames.

Polygonum Pennsylvanicum, L.
Ames.

Polygonum Persicaria, L.
Ames; Burlington.

Polygonum Hydropiper, L.

Ames; Burlington.

Polygonum amphibium, L., var. terrestre, Willd.

Ames.
Polygonum Virginianum, L.
Ames,
Polygonum aviculare, L.
Ames ; Burlington.
Polygonum ramosissimum, Michx.

Ames.

Polygonum Convolvulus, L.
Ames; Burlington.

ygonum dumetorum. L. (?)
Grinnell.

Fagopyrum esculentum, Mcench.
Ames. Escaped from cultivation.

Rumex Britannica, L.
Ames.

Rumex crispus, L.
Ames ; Charles City.

Rumex Acetosella, L.

Ames. Lately introduced from the East, where it is abundant
in sterile and worn fields, as on unwelcome weed.

SANTALACEA.

Comandra umbellata, Nutt.
Ames ; Charles City ; Grinnell ; Burlington.

EUPHORBIACES.

Euphorbia serpyllifolia, Pers.
Ames ; Charles City.

118

Spotted Spurge.

Three-seeded
Mercury.

Slippery or Red
Elm.

White Elm.
Hackberry.
Red Mulberry.
Wood-Nettle.
Clear-weed.
Hemp.

Hop.

Button-wood or

Sycamore.

Butternut.

Black Walnut.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [No. 17.

Euphorbia maculata, L.
Ames ; Charles City.
Euphorbia hypericifolia, L.
Ames.
Euphorbia marginata, Pursh. ( ?)
Grinnell.
Euphorbia corollata, L.
Ames; Grinnell ; Charles City ; Burlington.
Acalypha Virginica, L.
Ames ; Charles City.
URTICACES.

Ulmus fulva, Michx.
Ames ; Charles City ; Fayette ; Burlington.

Ulmus Americana, L.

Ames ; Charles City ; Fayette’; Burlington.
Celtis occidentalis, L.

Ames.

Morus rubra, L.
Ames.

Laportea Canadensis, Gaudich.
Ames ; Grinnell.

Pilea pumila, Gray.
Ames.

Cannabis sativa, L.
. Ames. Escaped to road-sides and fence-rows.

Humulus Lupulus, L.
Ames. Found abundantly in timber land. Certainly indige-
nous. Also at Burlington.

PLATANACES,

Platanus occidentalis, L.
Ames ; Fayette; Burlington.

JUGLANDACEA.

Juglans cinerea, L.
Ames ; Fayette ; Burlington.

Juglans nigra, L.
Ames ; Fayette; Burlington.

No. 17.] AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 119

Pecan-nut. Carya oliveeformis, Nutt.
Dr. White in his Report on the Geology of Iowa, gives this as
one of the trees of Iowa. I have not seen it in the State.

Shell-bark Hickory. Carya alba, Nutt.
; Ames ; Burlington.

Bitternut. Carya amara, Nutt.
Ames.
CUPULIFER.
White Oak. Quercus alba, L.

Ames ; Burlington.

Bur-Oak. Quercus macrocarpa, Michx.
Ames ; Burlington.

Chinguapin Oak. Quercus prinoides, Willd. .
On authority of Dr. Vasey in 2d vol. Am. Ent. and Botanist,

page 282.
Laurel Oak. (Juercus imbricaria, Michx.
In the State, on the authority of Dr. White.
Black Oak. Quercus tinctoria, Bartram.
In the State, on the authority of Dr. White.
Red Oak. Quercus rubra, L.
Burlington.
Pin Oak. - Quercus palustris, Du Roi.
Burlington.
Hazel-nut. Corylus Americana, Walt. .

Ames ; Fayette ; Burlington.
Beaked Hazel-nut. Corylus rostrata, Ait.

Fayette.

Tron-wood. Ostrya Virginica, Willd.
Ames ; Burlington.

Blue Beech. Carpinus Americana, Michx.

Along Des Moines River bluffs, Boone county.

BETULACEA,
White Birch. Betula alba, var. populifolia, Spach.
Fayette.

River or Red Birch. Betula nigr a, L.
On authority of Dr. White.

120

Willow.

Aspen.

Downy Poplar.

Cotton-wood.

Angled Cotton-
wood.

Red Cedar.

Indian Turnip.

Green Dragon.

Calamus.

Duckweed.

Cat-tail Flag.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [No. 17.
SALICACER.

Salix many species, but not yet fully

identified. |

Populus tremuloides, Michx.
Ames; Charles City ; Burlington.

Populus heterophylla, L.
Fayette.

Populus monilifera, Ait.
Ames; Fayette ; Burlington.

Populus angulata, Ait.

Ames.
CONIFERA.

Several Pines and Firs grow in the northern portions of the

State, but I have been unable as yet to secure reliable in-
formation regarding them.

Juniperus Virginiana, L.
On Rocky bluffs of Des Moines river, Boone county, and in the
eastern part of the State along Cedar River; Burlington.

ARACEA.

Ariszema triphyllum, Torr.
Ames ; Indianola ; Grinnell; Charles City ; Fayette ; Burlington.

Ariseema Dracontium, Schott.
Ames.

Acorus Calamus, L.
Hamilton county.
LEMNACES
Lemna minor, L.
Ames.
Lemna polyrrhiza, L.
Ames.

TYPHACE,

Typha latifolia, L.

Ames ; Burlington.

+

No. 17.] AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 121

ALISMACE.

Water Plantain. Alisma Plantago, L. var Americanum.
Ames ; Charles City.

Arrow head. Sagittaria variabilis, Engelm.
Ames ; Charles City ; Burlington.

Sagittaria graminea, Michx.
Ames.

ORCHIDACE.

Showy Orchis. Orchis spectabilis, L.
Ames ; Fayette.

Habenaria viridis, R. Br. var. bracteata, Richenbach.
Ames.

Fringed Orchis. _Ffabenaria, leucopheea, Gr.
Ames ; Grinnell ; Charles City.

Ladies’ Tresses. | Spiranthes cernua, Richard.
Ames.

Putty-root. Aplectrum hyemale, Nutt.

Fayette.
Small White Lady’s

escer. Cypripedium candidum, Muhl.

Ames ; Grinnell; Charles City.

Smaller Yellow La-

dy’s Slipper. Cypripedium parviflorum, Salisb.

Grinnell ; Burlington.

Larger Yellow La-

fafa Slipocr. Cypripedium pubescens, Willd.

Ames ; Indianola ; Cnarles City ; Fayette.

Showy Lady’s Slip- Cypripedium spectabile, Swartz.
per. Ames ; Charles City ; Fayette; Burlington.

AMARYLLIDACEZ.

Star grass.

Hypoxys erecta, L,

Ames; Indianola; Grinnell; Charles City; Fayette; Bur-
lington.

TRIDACEZ.

Blue Flag. Iris versicolor, L.

Ames ; Charles City; Fayette ; Burlington.
16

122 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

|

Blue-eyed Grass. Sisyrinchium Bermudiana, L.
Indianola ; Fayette.

Vars. anceps, and albidum, at Ames.
Var. mucronatum, at Ames and Grinnell.

DIOSCOREACE A.

Wild Yam-root. §[)ioscorea villosa, L.
Ames ; Charles City ; Grinnell.

SMILACEA.

Greenbrier. Smilax hispida, Muhl.
Ames.

Carrion Flower. GQmjlax herbacea, L.
_ Ames ; Grinnell.

LILIACEA.

/

Trillium sessile, L.
Burlington.

Trillium recurvatum, Beck.
Burlington.

Large White Trilli- Trillium -grandiflorum, Salisb.
um. Fayette ; Burlington.

Trillium erectum, L., var. album.

Grinnell.

Nodding Trillium. Trillium cernuum, L.
Fayette.

Dwarf White Trilli- Trillium nivale, Riddell.
um. Burlington. Rare.

Bellwort. Uvularia grandiflora, Smith.
Ames ; Grinnell. (?)

Uvularia perfoliata, L.
Fayette ; Burlington.

Uvularia sessilifolia, L.
Fayette.

False Spikenard. Smilacina racemosa, Desf.
Ames ; Fayette ; Burlington.

Smilacina stellata, Desf.

Ames ; Grinnell ; Fayette ; Burlington.

ig

[No. 17.

No. 17.]

Great Solomon’s
Seal.

Wild Orange-red
Lily.

Turk’s-cap Lily.

Yellow Adder’s
Tongue.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

Polygonatum giganteum, Dietrich.
Ames ; Grinnell.

Lilium Philadelphicum, L.
Ames ; Grinnell; Charles City ; Burlington.

Lilium superbum, L.
Ames ; Charles City ; Burlington.

Erythronium Americanum, Smith.
Fayette.

White Dog’s-tooth Erythronium albidum, Nutt.

Violet.

Wild Leek.

Wild Garlic.

Rush.

Spiderwort.

Galingale.

Spike Rush.

Great Bulrush.

Cotton Grass.

Ames; Indianola ; Grinnell; Fayette ; Burlington
Allium tricoceum, Ait.
Ames.

Allium Canadense, Kalm.
Ames; Charles City.

JUNCACE.

Juncus tenuis, Willd.
Ames,

COMMELYNACE.

Tradescantia Virginica, L.
Ames; Charles City; Grinnell ; Burlington

Tradescantia pilosa, Lehm.
Fayette.

CYPERACEZ.

Cyperus Michauxianus, Schultes.
Ames.

Eleocharis palustris, R. Br.

Ames.

Eleocharis acicularis, R. Br.
Ames.

Scirpus validus, Vahl.

Ames.

Scirpus atrovirens, Muhl.
Ames.

Eriophorum polystachyon, L.

Ames ; Grinnell.

123

124

Sedge.

Timothy.

Red-top.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

Carex bromoides, Schk.
Ames.

Carex disticha, Huds.
Ames.

Carex vulpinoidea, Michx.
Ames.
Carex sparganoides, Muhl.

Ames.

Carex cephalophora, Muhl.

Ames.

Carex rosea, Schk.
Ames

Carex lagopodioides, Schk.
Ames.

Carex adusta, Boott.
Ames.

Carex straminea, Schk. var. Meadii.

Ames.

Carex stricta, Lam.
Ames.

Carex grisea, Wahl.

Ames. |

Carex lanuginosa, Michx. ,
Ames.

Carex hystricina, Willd.
Ames.

Oarex folliculata, L.
Ames.

Carex longirostris, Torr.
Ames.

GRAMINE.

Phleum pratense, L.

[ No. 17.

Ames. Cultivated largely, and becoming spontaneous.

Agrostis vulgaris, With.

Ames. Cultivated ; becoming spontaneous. —

No. 17.]

Drop-seed Grass.
Porcupine Grass.

Cord Grass.

Muskit Grass.

Orchard Grass.

Wire Grsss.

Blue Grass.

Fescue Grass.

Chess.

Wild Chess.

Reed.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

Muhlenbergia glomerata, Trin.
Ames,

Stipa spartea, Trin.
Ames.

Spartina cynosuroides, Willd.
Ames.

Bouteloua hirsuta, Lagasca.
Ames.

Bouteloua curtipendula, Gray’

Ames.

| Dactylis glomerata, L.

Ames. Introduced.

Glyceria nervata, Trin.
Ames.

Poa compressa, L.
Grinnell. Probably iatroduced.

Poa pratensis, L.

Ames. Introduced as a pasture and lawn grass.

Eragrostis reptans, Nees.
Ames.
Eragrostis powoides, Beauy.
Ames.
Var. megastachya.
Ames.
Eragrostis Frankii, Myer (?)

Ames.

Festuca tenella, Willd.

Ames.

Bromus secalinus, L.
Ames.
In wheat-fields.
Bromus Kalmii, Gray.
Ames.

Bromus ciliatus, L. var purgans.
Ames.

Phragmites communis, Trin.
Ames.

125

126 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. [No. 17

Quack, or Triticum repens, L.

Grass. Ames

Introduced ?
Squirrel-tail Grass. Hordeum jubatum, L.

Ames.
Found along railroad. Perhaps introduced.

Wild Rye. Elymus Canadensis, L.
Ames,

Bottle-brush Grass. Gymnostichum Hystrix, Schreb.
Ames.

Vanilla Grass. | Hierochloa borealis, Roem & Schultes.
Ames.

In dry woods !

Sweet Vernal Grass. Anthoxanthum odoratum, L.

Ames.
Introduced.

Panicum glabrum, Gaudin.

Ames.
Finger-Grass, Panicum sanguenale, L.
Ames.
Prairie Grass. Panicum agrostoides, L.
‘Ames.

Old Witch Grass. | Panicum capillare, L.
Ames. Common.
Breaks off at the ground in early winter, aud blows all over the
prairies.
Panicum latifolium, L.
Ames.
Panicum xanthophysum, Gray.
Ames.
Panicum dichotomum, L.
Ames.
Several forms of this variable species are found here.
Barnyard Grass. Panicum Crus-galli, L.
Ames.
Introduced. A weed.
Green Foxtail. ° Setaria virzdis, Beauv.
Ames.
A weed in fields and gardens.
gand Bur, or Bur Cenchrus tribuloides, L.
’
Grass. Cedar Rapids.

No. 17.] AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 127

Beard Grass. Andropogon furcatus, Muhl.
Ames.

Andropogon scoparius, Michx.
Ames.

eo - Sorghum nutans, Gray.

Ames.
Common on the prairies.

EQUISETACE.

Common Horsetail. Honisetum arvense, L.
Ames ; Charles City.
At Ames, also, the “‘ accidental state’’—var. serotinum, Myer.
—‘‘in which the sterile plant produces a spike of fruit from
its summit.”’

Equisetum palustre, L.(?)

Ames. y
Annual stemmed ; main stems 12-14 grooved, and branches
6-9 grooved !

Scouring ‘Rush.

Equisetum hyemale, L.

Ames.

FILICES.

Polypody. Polypodium vulgare, L.
Ames (on Des Moines River bluffs.)
Maidenhair Fern.

Adiantum pedatum, L.
Ames ; Charles City.

Spleenwort. Asplenium thelypteroides, Michx.
Ames.

Walking Fern. Camptosorus rhizophyllus, Link.
Ames (on Des Moines River bluffs.)

Bladder, Fern. Cystopteris fragilis, Bernh.
Ames.

Sensitive Fern. Onoclea sensibilis, L.
Ames.

Moonwort. : Botrychium, Virginicum, Swartz.
Ames.

Norr.—As the preceding catalogue is as yet very imperfect,
persons noting omissions or errors will confer a favor by correspond-
ing with C. E. Bessey, Ames, Iowa.

REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND MECHANICS.

To the Honorable Board of Trustees of the Lowa Ayricultural
College: |

GENTLEMEN: — I beg leave to present the following report regard-
ing the apparatus and other facilities for instruction needed in the
department of Physics and Mechanics.

During the past year about two thousand dollars have been
expended for apparatus relating to heat and light mainly, but care
has been taken to select instruments having as wide a range of
application as possible. The necessity for apparatus is so urgent
that I hope that this year a very much larger sum will be appro-
priated.

This apparatus is needed—

To enable the student to acquire knowledge that is beyond his
reach without it.

To enable the student to make more rapid progress.

And most important of all, perhaps, to train the student to experi-
ment and observe; to inculcate those habits of thought that fit him
to discover new truth. This is one of the highest aims of the
‘“‘ New Education,” to send young men into the active pursuits of
life, prepared by their peculiar training to extend the boundaries of
human knowledge, as they can only be extended, by experiment and
observation. The study of science from text-books alone not only
fails to give such training, but engenders habits of thought incon-
sistent with it. Such teaching is a failure, and worse than a failure,
as regards the great object it is desirable to attain.

To accomplish this important object, the des¢ apparatus is neces-
sary. It must be capable of, and the student must be trained to
attain, the utmost precision. Some single instruments of this class
cost from $1,000 to $2,000, and the instruments must accompany
these to render them available for all the purposes for which they

128