Title: Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory, vol. 10
Place of Publication: Philadelphia
Copyright Date: 1932

Master Negative Storage Number: IVINS# PSt SNPaAg243.2

w

f

t

<

M ^

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

Botanical Laboratory

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

VOLUME X

1932

PHILADELPHIA
1932

» • «
• >

■■A

• •

• • •

• «

• • • ,

• •••

' • •

•••

< • •

• • ••

• 4

« • •

t

* »

•„••»" '

* *

THE FLORA OF BUCKS COUNTY
■ PENNSYLVANIA

A THESIS

IN BOTANY

PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE

OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

WALTER M. BENNER

♦ • •

• • • *

♦ • <

.•.

. • •
• . • :

• •

• 4

<»

00

PHILADELPHIA
1932

1448t>0

4

r m ^

'•l^

"> it.

H- lit

A

TABLE OF CONTENTS

General Discussion

K

Location

Topography

Piedmont Plateau n

Coastal Plain ~~1 q

Drainage

Descriptive Geology ^ o

Generalized Table of Geologic Formations ..........." 15

Soils

Summary of Soil Types ^Q

Climatology

Temperature on

Precipitation ^n

Frost Data 01

Climatological Charts 22

Floristic Discussion 25

Southern Floral Elements 25

Northern Floral Elements 27

Tidal Mud Flats IIIIIIIZZ 29

Coastal Plain Bogs 29

Marshes oq

Ponds OQ

The Delaware Shores 3Q

Nockamixon 01

Durham qo

Springfield 32

Milford 33

Introduced Species 33

Forest Types 34

Botanical History 3^

Localities 3^

^ iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii:: 40

Explanation of the Catalog 41

Acknowledgments 42

Annotated List of the Flora 43

Bibliography . 313

Index qig

THE FLORA OF BUCKS COUNTY,
PENNSYLVANIA

<4, f^

GENERAL DISCUSSION

LOCATION

The area covered in this study is Bucks County, Pennsylvania.
The County is located in the southeastern part of the State. It
consists of a rectangular tract 590 square miles in extent, lying
between the parallels 40°3' and 40°37' north latitude, and the
meridians 74°44:' and 75''29' of longitude west of Greenwich.
The long side of this rectangular area is approximately 42 miles
in length while it measures 20 miles in width at its widest part.

The entire County lies with its long side in a northwest-south-
east direction with the western boundary running in a straight
line approximately parallel to the Delaware River.

The Delaware River forms the eastern and southern boundary
of the County. Montgomery County bounds it along the western
border and Philadelphia County adjoins it along the extreme
southwestern border. The upper tier townships of the County
border on the lower portions of Lehigh and Northampton
Counties.

Although the lower end of the County is in close proximity to
Philadelphia and Trenton and the upper end is within easy reach
of Easton and Bethlehem, the County has remained rural rather
than urban in character. The largest centers of population are
Bristol and Morrisville in the lower end with a population of
11,799 and 5368, respectively, Doylestown in the central part
with 4577 and Quakertown in the upper end with 4883 inhabi-
tants. The entire County had a population of 96,727 in 1930.

TOPOGRAPHY

The Atlantic border region, of which Bucks County is a part,
consists of two distinct physiographic provinces — a mountain
and plateau district, and a Coastal Plain. These two provinces
are separated from each other by a boundary known as the
''fall-line." This fall-line passes through Bucks County thus
dividing the County into two regions.

The mountain and plateau district is known as the Appa-
lachian Province which is separable into three geographic
regions. The Appalachian Plateau forms the western boundary,
the Greater Appalachian Valley constitutes the Central area, and
the third area is termed the Piedmont Plateau. In this Plateau
there are two rather distinct areas. The western edge consists
of the Appalachian Mountains which bound the Greater Appa-
lachian Valley. Stretching from these mountains the plateau
proper occupies a vast rolling upland to the eastward ending
with its eastern edge at the ''fall-line."

Bucks County contains only the Piedmont Plateau section, in
addition to the Coastal Plain, within its borders.

THE PIEDMONT PLATEAU

This Plateau constitutes the greater part of Bucks County.
The eastern margin, or "fall-line" consists of a low escarpment,
the base of which is marked by the 20 foot contour line which
runs approximately parallel to the Delaware River about one to
two miles north of the river. The Pennsylvania Railroad runs
close to this line passing through Andalusia, Cornwells Station,
Croydon, Bristol, TuUytown, Penn Valley and Morrisville.
The top of this escarpment is approximately the 600 foot contour

line.

Between the 60 and 80 foot contour lines there is a faint scarp
separated by a terrace one-half mile wide. From the 80 foot
contour line the gentle slope of the second terrace is maintained
until a point three and one-quarter miles north of the first
escarpment is reached. Here a steeper and more pronounced

6

IMP

Topography 7

escarpment occurs which is the base of the third terrace. This
terrace extends from the 120 foot contour line to the 200 foot
contour line, the latter line passing through Trevose and Lang-
horne, then eastward to a point two miles west of Morrisville,
where the line turns abruptly north ending at Yardley on the
Delaware River.

These three escarpments are comparatively level, when com-
pared with the rolling country of the remainder of the Plateau.
It is customary to regard the area 5 to 8 miles wide included
in the southern part of the Plateau from the 200 foot contour
line to the Trevose, Langhorne, Yardley line as part of the
Coastal Plain. It is evident that no one "fall-line" could
divide the two provinces. As a result the area from the Dela-
ware River north to Langhorne is a zone of transition with more
Coastal Plain features than Piedmont Plateau features. Re-
cently deposited sands of Coastal Plain origin cover this area.

The rolling nature of the Plateau, with its moderate elevation
ranging from the fall-line or the 20 feet contour to 400-600 feet
in the northern part of Bucks County, is diversified by isolated
eminences termed monadnocks. These residual hills rise from
the Plateau several hundred feet. Such monadnocks are Jericho
Mountain in Upper Makefield Township and Solebury Mountain
in Solebury Township. In the northern section three hills
resemble the Appalachian Mountains in their topography. How-
ever, these hills are not derived from the same geologic forma-
tions. These are Flint Hill (860') of a Triassic conglomerate
on the Bucks-Northampton County line in Springfield Town-
ship, Rockhill (850-880') in East Rockhill and West Rockhill
Townships from a Triassic diabase, and Haycock Mountain
(960'), also of diabase, in Haycock Township.

In eastern Springfield and Durham Townships the North-
ampton County South Mountain occurs. The Durham Creek
Valley winds through two gneiss ridges 700-800 feet high.
These two ridges and the Durham Valley between represent the
Southern limit of the Appalachian Mountains not to be confused
with the monadnocks mentioned above.

8

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

The Plateau is dissected by relatively shallow open valleys in
the upland regions, becoming more narrow and rugged as the
streams reach the eastern boundary of the Plateau. If .these
recently formed valleys should be filled in the upland area
would be converted into an elevated plain sloping east and
southeast toward the Atlantic Ocean.

THE COASTAL PLAIN

As mentioned before the Coastal Plain consists of the land
adjacent to the Delaware River in the southern part of Bucks
County, and extending to the 20' contour line or the ' * fall-line.
In addition to this narrow strip one to two miles wide, the Coastal
Plain deposits overlap the Piedmont formations, serving to
obscure the passage from plain to plateau. This transition zone
will be considered in this thesis as part of the Coastal Plain,
including Bensalem, Bristol and Falls Townships and part of
Middletown and Upper Makefield Township.

The Coastal Plain consists of comparatively level undiversified
land. The elevation in Bucks County is from five feet at the
Delaware Eiver to twenty feet at the fall-line and two hundred
feet at Langhorne if we consider the Plain to extend to the end
of the transition zone. As a result of this moderate elevation
the relief is inconsiderable, due to the lack of pronounced valleys.
The streams in this province all flow in open valleys which lie
very slightly below the surrounding divides.

DRAINAGE

The Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers receive all the drainage
of Bucks County. Of these two major streams the Delaware is
the more important since all but two of the lesser creeks drain
into it. The Delaware River has a total length of 410 miles, of
which about 70 miles forms the Eastern and Southern boundary
of Bucks County. The river is navigable as far as Philadelphia
and by smaller craft to Trenton where it has a mean low-water
mark of 5 feet. The river is tidal to this point 130 miles north
of the Delaware Capes.

On the Piedmont Plateau the Delaware flows in a southeasterly
direction due to the southeasterly slope of the Plateau, and inde-
pendent of the underlying geologic formations. On the Coastal
Plain the river makes a sudden right angle turn parallel to the
southwest strike of the underlying strata of the Coastal Plain.
Throughout the Plain the Delaware flows in a former estuarine
basin with its marsh and tidal flats typical of such a basin.

The Delaware River and all the other streams in this area are
without natural storage reservoirs. As a result these streams
are subject to considerable seasonal fluctuation in volume.
Floods are rather common due to unusually heavy rainfall or
due to rainfall on frozen ground.

Those streams which drain the Coastal Plain area of Bucks
County are the Poquessing, Neshaminy, Mill, Common and Scott
Creeks. Of these the Neshaminy is the largest and most impor-
tant. In fact the Neshaminy drains the largest watershed in the
County, a total drainage area of more than 193 square miles,
with a length from source to mouth of 27 miles and a fall of 600
feet. This fall gives the stream good corrosive power and the
creek has cut a valley of 160 feet deep in the hard shale rocks of
the Plateau to a maximum width of three-eighths of a mile. The
average of daily flow is 157,600,000 gallons with a maximum
daily flow of 3,700,000,000 gallons and with a minimum daily
flow of 2,800,000 gallons.*

♦Page 24— Trenton Folio, U. 8. Geological Survey (1909).

9

U.

10

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Drainage

11

1

i

if

The main stream of the Neshaminy flows roughly parallel to
the Delaware Eiver through the lower half of Bucks County
dividing that part of the County into two approximately equal
parts. The source of the Neshaminy is in Montgomery County,
a short distance west of the Bucks County line and the stream
enters the County in New Britain Township. The Little
Neshaminy Creek, a tributary to the main stream, rises in Mont-
gomery County and enters Bucks County in Warrington Town-
ship draining portions of Warrington, Warminster, Warwick
and Northampton Townships. Pine Run and the North Branch
of the Neshaminy rise in Plumstead Township and flow west to
join the main stream near Chalfont, in New Britain Township.

Because of the reduction of the ground storage of water due
to the destruction of forests, the Neshaminy is subject to sea-
sonal freshets. Woodland is found only on the steeper banks
of the stream, nearly 95 per cent of the land drained by the
stream being in cultivated land. The stream becomes swollen,
and the water, representing the run-off drainage, becomes a yel-
low color, typical of streams in this region. The lack of ground
storage accelerates evaporation. The soil exposed to the sun is
parched by evaporation, and the level of the ground water falls
below the surface springs. The springs dry up and the streams

are reduced.

Due to lack of ground storage, excessive evaporation, and plant
growth the streams of this area flow equal to the precipitation
on their basins in December to May. From June to October the
flow is lowest in proportion to rainfall on the basins.

Other main tributaries of the Delaware draining the Piedmont
Plateau of Bucks County are the Tohickon, Tinicum, and Dur-
ham Creeks. These streams drain the northern section of the
County. The Tohickon is the largest of the three streams, form-
ing a system of drainage next in size to the Neshaminy Creek.
Haycock Run, Deep Run, Deer Run, Wolf Run, Three Mile Run,
and Morgan Run drain a large part of the upper districts.

Durham Creek drains the eastern part of Springfield Town-
ship and practically all of Durham Township.

This stream flows from its source in Springfield Township
through a limestone valley between two ridges of gneiss. Since
the limestone is more soluble, the stream has followed this lime-
stone having cut a small valley between the two more resistant

ridges.

The townships bordering the Delaware River on the Piedmont
Plateau are drained locally by numerous small streams from
one to five miles long. Many of these creeks serve only to draw
off the surface water and as a result flow only periodically during
the spring and early summer months.

The northwestern section of Bucks County is drained by the
North East Branch of the Perkiomen Creek and East Swamp
Creek, both of which are tributaries of the Perkiomen which
empties into the Schuylkill River. Milford, West Rockhill, and
Hilltown Townships of Bucks County form part of the Perkio-
men watershed which is 447.59 square miles in extent. Most of
this watershed is west of Bucks County in Montgomery County.
Bucks County is a well drained area due to the many tribu-
taries of the Delaware River which flow through the region.
There is no swampy land of any size within the County, except
the region in the Coastal Plain adjoining the Delaware where
tidal meadows and some river mud occur.

There are also sizable stretches of poorly drained ground be-
tween Rockhill Station and Quakertown.

Since Bucks County was unglaciated there are no natural
ponds in the Piedmont area.

One of the most remarkable springs in the state of Pennsyl-
vania is found three miles southwest of New Hope in Solebury
Township. This spring is called Ingham's Spring. This is a
fissure spring flowing from a definite fault in the surrounding
Shenandoah limestone and the Brunswick shale near-by. The
spring is 40 yards wide and the surrounding land rises 40 feet
above the water-level. In Colonial times several mills operated
:writh the flow of the water. Other lesser springs form many
small brooks throughout the County which are tributary to the
larger streams.

Descriptive Geology

13

!i'

N:

DESCRIPTIVE GEOLOGY OF BUCKS COUNTY

Numerous geologic formations occur within the 42 mile length
of Bucks County. In a general way the County reaches from
the Pre-Cambrian Gneiss ridges of the Appalachian Mountains
in the north-east to the Pleistocene and recent formations of the
Coastal Plain in the south. Between these two boundaries lies a
33 mile streach of Triassic sandstone and shale separated from
the Coastal Plain deposits, in the extreme south, by a Pre-
Cambrian and Cambrian ridge several miles wide.

The Coastal Plain deposits extend from the Delaware River
north approximately to the 200 foot contour line running through
Trevose, Langhorne and Yardley. The geologic structure of the
Coastal Plain deposits is very simple. Upon a floor of Wissa-
hickon mica-gneiss of Pre-Cambrian age have been deposited
overlapping beds of unconsolidated boulders, pebbles, sand, and
clay. These Pleistocene deposits range from 3 feet in depth to
more than a hundred feet along the Delaware River. Mud of
recent time borders the river on the south.

The Coastal Plain proper, namely from the Delaware River
north to the 20 foot contour line, is composed of two distinct
formations— the Cape May Formation, and mud recently de-
posited.

The mud or alluvium consists of sediment brought down from
the upper reaches of the Delaware and its tributaries, deposited
by the river during flood periods. These areas of mud are in
a swampy condition and they are subject to tidal action. This
mud is found at the mouth of the Poquessing Creek ; along the
river from the mouth of the Neshaminy Creek to Bristol, and in
the region about TuUytown and the Common and Scotts' Creeks.

The Cape May Formation was deposited in late Pleistocene
times when the Delaware River flooded the southern end of
Bucks County forming an estuary of the sea. Gravel, sand, and
clay with a few ice-borne boulders comprise this formation.
This deposit covers the low terraces (to 60 feet) along the Dela-

12

ware extending above the 20 foot contour line limit of the true
Coastal Plain for several miles.

The southern end of the Piedmont Plateau from the '* fall-
line" north to Langhorne and Yardley, is obscured by the de-
posits of Coastal Plain formations. The low terraces are cov-
ered by the Cape May Formation. The terraces between the
60 foot and the 200 foot contours are covered by the Pensauken
Formation. The Pensauken Formation of early Pleistocene age
is composed of gravel, sand, and ice-borne boulders usually more
coarse than the more recent Cape May Formation. Along the
northern edge of the Pensauken Formation, where the "Wissa-
hickon gneiss is scarcely covered by the sand and gravel or clay,
the corrosive action of the streams has eroded the recent deposits,
leaving the streams flowing in beds of exposed Wissahickon

gneiss.

A pronounced fault occurs along the line between Trevose,
Langhorne and Yardley. Bordering this fault on the north, a
strip three-eighths mile wide of Chickies Quartzite separates
the Wissahickon mica-gneiss on the south from the Baltimore
gneiss on the north. The Chickies Quartzite consists of a green-
ish quartz rock easily distinguished from the micaceous gneiss
and the Baltimore gneiss which the quartzite separates.

The Baltimore gneiss with instrusive gabbro and granite of
igneous origin extends as a strip 2 miles wide across the County
from the Chickies Quartzite north, where Triassic sandstone and
shale deposits have covered the gneiss. The eastern edge of the
quartzite and gneiss are concealed by deposits of the Pensauken
Formation.

One mile southeast of Holland in Northampton and South-
ampton Townships, an isolated area of crystalline limestone
occurs. This formation is called the Franklin limestone and
this area is the only place where limestone of Pre-Cambrian age
exists in Bucks County.

Shenandoah Limestone is present in two places in Bucks
County. This limestone is of Cambro-Ordovician age. One
limestone belt two miles wide and ten miles long occurs in Sole-
bury and Buckingham Townships. This limestone was exposed

lilt

W...IJL) m . • WJI.1 ■wM'-„-iw«i^ -,\jM,mmm^^mmmm

14

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Descriptive Geology

15

by a N E -S. W. fault which developed after the Triassie rocks
had been deposited on the limestone. The other Shenandoah
limestone area is present in Durham and Springfield Townships.
The Durham Creek flows on this formation. This Durham val-
ley several hundred feet below the surrounding ridges is typical
of the region to the north of Bucks County where the Appa-
lachian Mountain region lies.

The Triassie* of the region can be divided into three forma-
tions, which from the base upward are ; the Stockton (Norris-
town) arkosic sandstone and conglomerate which outcrops
toward the southern edge of the belt; the Lockatong (Gwynedd)
dark shale and the Brunswick red shale and conglomerate which
lies against the older rocks at the northern edge, such contacts
being exposed at Monroe and near Springtown.

Intrusions of trap rock or diabase are present in a number of
places. This trap rock is of igneous origin and was poured out
millions of years later than the old Pre-Cambrian gneisses.

One area of diabase enters the County in Southampton Town-
ship. Jericho Mountain in Upper Makefield Township, is com-
posed of diabase as are several lesser areas in Solebury Town-
ship. Large areas of trap rock are found in Milford, Richland,
West Rockhill and East Rockhill Townships.

Haycock Mountain, 960 feet high, in Haycock Township, is
composed of diabase which has resisted erosion and as a result
rises 400 feet above the surrounding contemporaneous Triassie
shales. The Ringing Rocks and Kauffman's Hill in Bridgeton
and Nockamixon Townships are similar areas.

In the townships of Durham and Springfield in northeastern
Bucks County Pre-Cambrian gneiss and Hardyston Quartzite of
Cambrian age are present. These two old formations are iden-
tical with those which make up the Appalachian Mountains in
Lehigh and Northampton Counties.

• See Wherry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 114-116 (1913).

GENERALIZED TABLE OF GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS OF BUCKS

COUNTY

Age

Quarternary
Recent

Pleistocene

Triassie

Ordovician
Cambro-

Cambrian

Pre-
Cambrian

Formations

Kinds or Rocks

Types of Soils

Mud

Cape May

Pensauken

Diabase
(Trap)

Brunswick

Alluvium along streams

Sand,loam, gravel, ice-
borne boulders

Sand, loam, pebbles, and
ice-borne boulders

Wheeling (in

part)
Meadow

Sassafras
Wheeling (in

part)
Trenton gravel

Sassafras

Coastal Plain

Lockatong

Stockton

Shenandoah
Limestone

Chickies
Quartzite-

Hardystone
Quartzite-

Franklin
Limestone

Wissahickon
mica gneiss

Baltimore
gneiss

Chester
Penn.

Lansdale

Lansdale

Hagerstown

Igneous

Soft red shale, and red
sandstone in local de-
posits

Dark colored argillite
and fine-grained sand-
stone. Some red shale

Gray, yellowish, or red-
brown sandstone.
Some red shale

Crystalline, siliaceous,
magnesia n. Blue
limestone. (D o 1 o-
mitic)

Greenish Quartzite

Local Quartz conglom-
erate and sandstone

White Crystalline Lime-
stone

Micaceous gneiss,
(with intrusive)
(Gabbro) (Igneous)

Gneiss with intrusive
granite and gabbro.
(Igneous)

Banded quartz-feldspar Chester

Chester
DeKalb

Chester
Chester

Piedmont Plateau

I

Soils

17

THE SOILS OP BUCKS COUNTY

The soils derived from the Coastal Plain deposits are classed
as the Sassafras type.* The Sassafras type of soil is derived
from the weathering of the unconsolidated Cape May and Pen-
sauken Formations of Pleistocene age. In Bucks County the
Sassafras soil extends in a band 5 to 8 miles wide bordering the
Delaware River and passing through Bensalem, Bristol and
Falls Townships and also the southern end of Lower Makefield
and Middletown Townships. The soil mass has considerable
depth except along the northern edge of the area where the
micaceous rocks are covered by but 2 to 3 feet of soil. The Sassa-
fras soils lie below the 200 foot contour line, and occupy the
Coastal Plain and the first three terraces of the Piedmont Pla-
teau. As a rule the soils occupy a gently rolling topography,
except where the streams have cut steep slopes in the uncon-
solidated top soil revealing the gneiss rock which lies deep be-
neath practically all the Sassafras soil in Bucks County.

Four types of Sassafras soils occur in our area — the fine sand,
fine sandy loam, the sandy loam and the silt loam. The fine
sandy loam and the silt loam are usually poorly drained,
whereas the fine sand and the sandy loam are readily permeable
to water.

The soil known as the Meadow type occurs in the County.
This meadowland is derived from mud of recent time. This
alluvium occurs along the streams in the Coastal Plain section
of the County bordering the streams and the Delaware River.
Meadowland is tidal in this County.

Most of the remaining soil-types fall under the head of Up-
land Residual soils. These soils are formed as a result of the
weathering of the igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
The Chester type of soil is the result of the weathering of the
granite, gneiss and associated intrusive rocks. The Chester soil

* The names for the soil types are based on the ' ' Reconnaissance Soil
Survey of Southeastern Pennsylvania'' and are not to be confused with the
geologic terms.

16

occurs in a band from Langhorne west to the County line (4
miles wide), in Solebury and Upper Makefield Townships (Trap
eminences). Haycock Township (trap of Haycock Mountain),
and in Bridgeton, Nockamixon, Durham, East Rockhill, West
Rockhill, Milford and Richland Townships.

The Chester area at Langhorne is of a loam type with stony
loam on the steeper slopes. The remainder of the Chester series
is found on ridges and steep slopes with much rough stony land.
To the north of the Chester area at Langhorne the Penn and
Lansdale soils occur resulting from the weathering of the shale
and sandstone (sedimentary) laid down in Triassic time.

The Lansdale soil forms about one half of the soil of the
County. This type represents all the brownish and yellowish
soils. The Lansdale soil is primarily a silt loam in Bucks
County, except in the northern section where stony loam occurs.
The surface soil is a brown to grayish color 6 to 12 inches in
depth resting upon a clay loam subsoil. The Lansdale soil
covers the area from Langhorne and Yardley north to Tinicum,
Bedminster, and Hilltown Townships.

Across these townships a three mile band of Penn soil extends.
The Penn soils are closely related to the Lansdale series in origin
and topographic position. The main difference lies in the In-
dian red color of the Penn soils as opposed to the yellow to brown
color of the Lansdale series. Other Penn soils occur near New
Hope and in Buckingham Township. Due to the close relation-
ship of Penn and Lansdale small areas of Penn occur scattered
through the Lansdale area. The Penn soils in Bucks County
consist of the loam and silt loam soils with some shale loam in
the north. The loam type consists of 10 inches of red to brown
loam resting on Indian red clay or heavy loam subsoil. The silt
loam is 8-12 inches deep of a red color grading into an Indian
red silty clay loam subsoil. The Penn soils are as a rule better
drained than the Lansdale soils.

Another upland residual soil occurring in Bucks County is
called the DeKalb soil. This soil is the result of the weathering
of sandstone of Cambrian age. The DeKalb soil occurs on the
South side of the Northampton South Mountain and on the
ridges and slopes of the ridges in the northern section of the

18

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

mk

Soils

19

County. Buckingham Mountain in Buckingham Township is
the only area of DeKalb soil in southern Bucks County. Much
of this part of the DeKalb soil is stony, especially on the ridges.
A gray to brown clay loam covers the more sloping parts.

The Hagerstown soil results from the disintegration of the
Shenandoah limestone. This upland soil type is found in only
two sections of the County. One area runs through Bucking-
ham and Solebury Townships in a narrow strip two miles wide.
The soil is a reddish yellow or yellow color with a subsoil of yel-
low or red hue. The other limestone soil area is found in Dur-
ham and Springfield Townships.

In addition to the Coastal Plain soils and the upland residual
soils there is a soil type known as the Terrace soil. The name
Wheeling has been given this soil. The Wheeling soil borders
the Delaware River from Morrisville to Kintnersville. The soil
represents the accumulation of glacial debris derived from Re-
cent Age and a small amount of the Cape May Formation of
Pleistocene Age. This soil is the result of the Delaware having
flowed at a higher level in the past. The soil is sandy for the
most part, with a fine sandy loam and is of a yellowish or brown
color with a lighter colored subsoil.

The type of soil known as Colluvial is also found in Bucks
County. This soil has been termed the Lickdale soil. The Lick-
dale soil is the result of colluvial wash from the sandstone ridges
of the southern extremities of the Appalachian Mountains. The
soil occupies level or sloping land at the base of prominent
ridges. The surface soil is gray and the subsoil is gray or mot-
tled gray and yellow. The soils are poorly drained and are not
used for cultivation. A small area occurs near Quakertown, in
Richland Township, and another in Milford Township, in the
vicinity of Brick Tavern.

SUMMAEY OF SOIL TYPES OF BUCKS COUNTY

m*

Soil Types

Meadow
Sassafras

Penn

Lansdale

Hagerstown

r«V^

DeKalb

Chester

K

VHieeling

Localities Where Found

Lickdale

(1) Coastal Plain Soils

Borders the Delaware in southern part of county.
5-8 mile strip from Yardley, Langhorne, Trevose line
south to Delaware River.

(2) Upland Residual Soil

Small areas in Upper Makefield, Solebury, Buckingham
Townships.

Band 4 miles wide across Tinicum, Bedminster, Hill-
town Townships.

Scattered across upper Bucks in association with Lans-
dale, Chester, DeKalb soils.

Covers one-half of Bucks County, from northern boun-
dary of Sassafras to band of Penn soil across Tin-
icum, Bedminster, Hilltown Townships.

Scattered across upper Bucks in association with Penn,
Chester, DeKalb soils.

Occurs in two areas —

Through center of Solebury-Buckingham Townships.
Second through Durham — and eastern part of Spring-
field Townships.
Each about two miles wide.

Small area near Buckingham.

Scattered across upper Bucks in association with Lans-
dale, Penn, and Chester soils.

Wide strip from Langhorne to western boundary of
Bucks County.

Small areas in Makefield and Solebury Townships.

Scattered across upper Bucks in association with Lans-
dale, Penn, DeKalb soils.

(3) Terrace Soils
Narrow strip bordering Delaware River from Morris-
ville to Kintnersville.

(4) Colluvial Soils
One near Quakertown ; another area near Brick Tavern.

gj»i-g.j.. V:-T;-.*'»iiav4.i.ftiswassfe<a.^,^^^^

iitfb,j,a»i-^'

m*

Climatology

21

. !

i

CLIMATOLOGY

A. TEMPERATURE

The Bucks County area has a somewhat ** marine'' type of
climate so named because the effects of the Atlantic Ocean are
felt upon the district. Further inland, in central and northeast-
ern Pennsylvania, the mountains become more important cli-
matic factors, creating a wider range of temperature than is
found in Bucks County.

The summer mean, for the months of June, July and August,
in Bucks County is about 70° F., and the winter mean, for De-
cember, January and February, is about 30° F. The mean
temperature for the year is about 50° F. The mean maximum
temperature for the year at Quakertown is 61.5° F. The mean
minimum temperature for the same station is 39.9° F. Temper-
atures of 100° or more are rare, but the relatively high humidity
often makes the heat oppressive, 105° F. at Quakertown being
the highest temperature recorded at that station to 1920. Dur-
ing these hot periods the winds are light, bringing little relief.
Usually these hot periods are not protracted, for strong north-
east winds generally dispel the heat. These N.E. winds are
caused by the increased barometric pressure over New England
and the adjoining Canadian regions. The temperature decrease
is rapid in such cases, often being produced during the night.

The winters are mild, as a rule with less than 100 days with
a minimum temperature below the freezing point. Zero tem-
peratures are rarely reached in the southern end of the county,
while the higher regions further north in the county have more
frequent zero or sub-zero weather.

The prevailing winds are westerly. From October to April
inclusive the prevailing winds come from the northwest quarter,
while from May to September inclusive the winds are usually
from the southwest.

B. PRECIPITATION

The average precipitation for Bucks County is approximately
46 inches for the year, varying from 41.84 inches at George

20

> 1^

r

r

>■«

School to 49.22 inches at Doylestown. This rain and snow is
well distributed throughout the year with the minimum average
monthly amount of 3.28 inches occurring in November, and the
maximum average monthly amount of 4.81 inches for August.

The monthly precipitation is greatest for the months of May,
June, July and August, coming at a time when the plants can
best utilize the water for their development. During these
months short droughts may occur, which are broken by sudden
and hard rains, so that the monthly precipitation may fall in
one or two heavy rains. These rains, often torrential in nature,
cause severe erosion in the more hilly northern areas of the
County. The Quakertown station records 109 days as the num-
ber of the days with 0.01 inch or more of precipitation. This
rainfall was most common during March, June and July.

The average total annual snow-fall for Bucks County is 37
inches. Most snow falls in the months of January, February
and March. The snow which falls in April and November
rarely remains on the ground for any length of time. As a rule,
the County is never covered with a blanket of snow throughout
the winter season.

C. FROST DATA

The growing season is long, at Quakertown with an elevation
of 490 feet, consisting of 162.13 days. The George School sta-
tion, 190 feet in elevation, reports 170.42 days for the extent of
the growing season. The average date for the last killing frost
of spring at Quakertown is April 30. The average date for the
first killing frost of autumn is October 15.*

In conclusion, the mild and rather uniform winter, the ample
and regular precipitation, and the long growing seasons are fac-
tors which affect profoundly the flora of Bucks County.

* Latest date of killing frost at Quakertown is May 5. Earliest date of
killing frost at Quakertown is October 1.

22

PQ

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Climatology

23

<1

O

CO

•

00

•

Til

CO

co'

o

00

tH
00

rH

03

•

rH
CX)

CO

o

•

00

CO

•

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CS

d boo -rlw^o-SS^ 2^ 2 o
agSS«S:t^«H-3co§«H^a
^ g ^ «. ^ ^.

^

•^ o

00

04

GQ

^)

4

41

o

§

H
o

55

c3

d
d
d

<1

o

tH

O)

•

>
o

Jz;

o

•

o
O

t*

•

t>

bio

d
<1

Oi

d

H3

d
d
Ha

^
s

05

•

Oi

•

1^

00

•

O
rH

No. ^rs.
cov.

rH

o

1

OQ

:

d
o

M

o

•

U5

CO

•

00
CO

•

CO

CO

O

•

»r3

O)

CO

•

CO

CO
CO

•

•

CO

CO
CO*

•

CO

00
CO

Eh

o

ai

CO

00

CO

CO
CO

l>-

(M

•

•

Oi

OO

<M

<M

00

O

•

•

o

t^

CO

(M

<M

cq

r-i

CO

l-H

:

o

o

a4

^

M

o

S

GQ

o

-fA

O

u

bO

C3

8

d

o

o» 1

Ph

OQ

Pui

1^

1^

'-J

1^

• •

CO CO

00*

CO

rH

CO
CO

CO

<M

Tt<*
00

CO
00

o

00

CO

CO

CO
OS*

CO*
CO

o

lO*

CO

CO

r-i
C<1

CO

00
03*

CO

oq

U3

OS
OS

OS
CO

CO
00

cq

CO

CO
OS

oa

00

00

gaga

o

PLi

H

CO
55

EH

CO

a

o

O y-\

^ OS

CO y-i
»> rH

OS cq

t^ OS

OS 01

lO 05

O Tt^

o

CO

CO
OS

OS
CO

cq

OS

OS

cq

05

OS

Ift

00

CO

I

CO
CO

rH
I

03:3 03 O

GQ
55

O

t-(

&^

o
pi;

!5

o

!5
Ph

g

d

g

d

OQ

OQ

OQ

OQ

DO

d

d

d

d

CO

h-4

•a

d

w

I

24

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

^\

Eh

P

Eh
09
O

Ph

•H.g

•4^

iH

OP 09

^ o

M

ci u

a>

txi *w

^

d

o

oQ ^ n

o

;3 1:2 "t^

<aM d

H

^.s

«M

O^

© 2

lA

'S'S

^

f^

cd

ttObO

1^

S3*c

■♦-*•»-! P<

Cj^ »

H^

-*J

OQ

0«M

lO

® $P^

iH

c« s s

M

a>

,o

a> ;^ <M

o

bD S3

O

a» >H £3

<1

^

03

® K«

o

•M QO

CO

03 d .

e d

killi
ring

1— •
P4

Cd .4J OQ

<1

in 00

g CJ fl

>• p-l .1-1

-<

^

M

o

«

a>

M

«M

T*<

O^-s

(M

OQ

-c^ J3

^ C3

d ^

§w

H^

1

d

^

1

o

'^

d

d

o»

OQ
O

•J

M

H
CO
(4

o

OQ
O

o
M

00

O
CO

t

m

o

o

O

O

W
o

t)0

CO

-(

^

Y<*^

'\^

i

4

ir

^

4^

4^

FLORISTIC DISCUSSION

Bucks County is one of the three original counties in Pennsyl-
vania and parts of it have been under settlement for more than
250 years. The accounts left by the early explorers and settlers
all mention the forests which covered practically all of the
County. One explorer Campanius, a Swede, visited the Falls
of the Delaware near the present site of Morrisville in 1642 and
wrote about the great abundance there of walnuts, chestnuts,
plums, mulberries and grapes. Frequent reference is also made
to giant forest trees. One of these was a giant ash tree which
stood in Bristol Township until recent times and was reputed
to be the oldest ash tree in the County. It is said to have been
twenty feet in circumference and to have yielded ten cords of
wood.

This early picture of the area has become much altered as the
number of inhabitants has increased and today we find that
91% of the land in the County is laid out in farms and 84.5% is
in improved farm land. Most of the land not laid out in farms
is found in the upper districts. In the middle and lower dis-
tricts the unimproved land is found in a few isolated places, such
as Jericho Hill and Buckingham Mountain. There are also
fringes of unimproved land found locally along most of the
larger streams. In view of these conditions it is perhaps sur-
prising to know that so much of the native flora still persists.

For purposes of classification the County may be divided into
two general regions, the Coastal Plain and the Piedmont Plateau.
The former corresponds in a general way to the Upper Austral
or Carolinian Zone and the latter to the Transition Zone.

SOUTHERN FLORAL ELEMENTS

The Coastal Plain has a considerable southern floral element
which gains its entrance northward into this area along the
Delaware River. Most of the plants do not occur above the fall-
line. In some cases, however, they have migrated upward along
the Delaware River and its tributaries for a short distance above
that line.

25

^»

26

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Floristic Discussion

27

The following are some noteworthy examples of southern
plants which occur on our Coastal Plain. Most of these are at or
near the northern limits of their range :

-*l k

«^ , \v

Woodwardia areolata
Woodwardia virginica
Lycopodium palmatum
Lycopodium adpressum
Sagittaria subulata
Erianthus saccharoides
Andropogon glomeratus
Zisania aquatica
Cenchrus pauciflorus
Paspalum setaceum
Paspalum longipilum
Glyceria pallida
Tanicum lucidum
Panicum verrucosum
Panicum virgatum
Eleocharis diandra
Scirpus eriophorum
Eriophorum virginicum
Scleria setacea
Carex Longii
Carex aXata
Carex caroliniana
Carex hullata
Xyris caroliniana
Xyris torta

Luzula campestris, var. hulhosa
Lilium superhum
Smilax glauca
Sisyrinchium atlanticum
Sisyrinchium arenicola
Spiranthes BecTcii
Quercus phellos
Phoradendron flavescens
Magnolia virginiana
Drosera Ion gi folia
Liquidamhar Styraciflua
Amelanchier ohlongifolia
Prunus maritima
BuhtLS cv/neifolius
Lespedeza angustifolia
Strophostyles helvola
Polygala NuttallU

Polygala cruciata
Euphorbia Ipecacuanhae
Ilex opaca
Ilex glabra
Ilex laevigata
Acer rubrum, var. tridens
Hibiscus Moscheutos
Ascyrum hypericoides
Ascyrum stans
Hypericum denticulatum
Helianthemum propinquum
Lechea maritima
Viola Brittoniana
Decodon verticillatv^
Bhexia mariana
Rotala ramosior
Ludvigia sphaerocarpa
Proserpinaca pectinata
Ptilimnium capilla^eum
Clethra alnifolia
Leucothoe racemosa
Sabatia stellaris
Sabatia gracilis
Gentiana Saponaria
Bartonia paniculata
Asclepias rubra
Limosella subulata
Utricularia inflata
TJtricularia radiata
Utricularia gibba
TJtricularia fibrosa
Viburnum nudum
Lobelia Nuttallii
Eupatorium purpureum
Eupatorium leucolepis
Eupatorium hyssopifolium
Eupatorium verbenaefolium
Eupatorium pubescens
Aster novi-belgii
Coreopsis rosea
Bidens trichosperma
Helianthus angustifolius

4'

^^'

•^

Other plants of southern affinities found in our flora are also
at or near their northern limits with us but are not restricted to
the Coastal Plain. Some may prefer the Coastal Plain deposits
as a habitat but are not so sharply restricted in their distribution

li

r

^

4

by the fall-line as are the plants in the preceding list. Some of
these plants occur as far north as New York or southwestern
New England but they are always found in increasing numbers
southward from our area. The following list gives examples of
these southern affinities in our area:

Pinu^ virginiana

Sagittaria longirostra

Sagittaria latifolia, var. pubescens

Panicum anceps

Panicum longiligulatum

Panicum polyanthes

Paspalum laeve

Poa cuspidata

Cyperus lancastriensis

Bynchospora Smallii

Bynchospora cymosa

Scirpus Smithii

Scleria paucifiora

Fimbristylis mucronulata

Juncus dichotomy^

Amianthium muscaetoxicum

Iris prismatica

Habenaria cristata

Myrica caroliniensis

Stellaria pubera

Quercus marylandica

Nymphozanthus advena

Liriodendron Tulipifera

Asimina triloba

Corydalis flavula

Cardamine rotundifolia

Dentaria heterophylla

Hydrangea arborescens

Gillenia trifoliata

Pyrus arbutifolia

Prunus americana

Cercis canadensis

Stylosanthes biflora

Desmodium laevigatum
Strophostyles umbellata
Ptelea trifoliata
Euphorbia corollata
Evonymus americanus
Hypericum gymnanthum
Hypericum adpressum
Ascyrum gymnanthum
Lechea racemulosa
Viola hirsutula
Bhexia mariana
Oenothera laciniata
Chaerophyllum procumbens
Tha^pium trifoliatum
Oxypolis rigidior
Sabatia angularis
Polemonium reptans
Phlox subulata
Mertensia virginica
Diospyros virginiana
Fraxinus biltmoreana
Sabatia angularis
Cynoglossum virginianum
Salvia lyrata
Hemianthus micranthus
Buchnera americana
Melampyrum latifolium
Viburnum scabrellum
Lobelia nuttallii
Lactuca villosa
Lactuca floridana
Hieracium marianum
Chrysopsis mariana

NORTHERN FLORAL ELEMENTS

The Piedmont region has a much larger proportion of a north-
ern floral element although it is not without a southern element.
Some of these northern species have been brought down by the
Delaware River which at one time was a much larger stream
than it is today and was an outlet for the waters of the melting
glacier to the north. Others probably migrated southward
before the advancing ice masses and survived in this climate
after the retreat of the glacier.

28

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania,

Included in this northern floral element are the following
species, some of which are also found below the fall-line :

Thelypteris Goldiana

Thelypteris cristata

Osmunda Claytoniana

Botrychium tenehrosum

Botrychium ramosum

Isoetes Dodgei

Glyceria canadensis

Glyceria grandis

Calamagrostis canadensis

Bromus Kalmii

Spartina Michauxiana

Phalaris arundinacea

Oryzopsis racemosa

Muhlenhergia racemosa

Muhlenbergia foliosa

Muhlenhergia tenuifiora

Carex cephaloidea

Carex conjuncta

Carex canescens

Carex sterilis

Carex angustior

Carex cristatella

Carex Jamesii

Carex leptalea

Carex nigro-marginata

Carex pennsylvanica

Carex albicans

Carex hirtifolia

Carex platyphylla

Carex alhursina

Carex hlanda

Carex Shriveri

Carex oligocarpa

Carex Hitchcockiana

Carex conoidea

Carex glaucodea

Carex prasina

Carex flexuosa

Carex lanuginosa

Carex Sprengelii

Carex pallescens

Carex limosa

Carex torta

Carex Buxhaumii

Carex lacustris

Carex vesicaria

Carex lupuliformis

Carex leptonervia

Eriophorum gracile

Scirpus Smithii

Scirpus Smithii, var. setosus

Scirpus cyperinus, var. pelius

Luzula saltuensis
Allium tricoccum
Lilium philadelphicum
Smilacina stellata
Trillium cernuum
Trillium erectum
Smilax herhacea
Sisyrinchium mucronatum
Eahenaria psychodes
Liparis Loeselii
Salix lucida
Salix longifolia
Salix Behhiana
Salix discolor
Bopulus iremuloides
Bopulus grandidentata
Corylus cornuta
Betula populifolia
Quercus palustris
Quercus ilicifolia
Arenaria lateriflora
Arenaria strict a
Cerastium arvense
Nymphozanthus microphyllus
Nymphozanthus variegatus
Clematis verticillaris
Trollius laxus
Corydalis sempervirens
Corydalis flavula
Dentaria diphylla
Ardhis dentata
Arahis glabra
Sedum roseum
Parnassia caroliniana
Spiraea latifolia
Spiraea tomentosa
Tyrus coronaria
Geum strictum
Potentilla pumila
Potentilla arguta
Potentilla argentea
Vitis vulpina
Geranium Bohertianum
Zanthoxylum americanum
Ilex laevigata
Acer pennsylvanicum
Acer spicatum
Callitriche heterophylla
Hypericum boreale
Hypericum ellipticum
Hypericum Ascyron
Viola pollens

Floristic Discussion

29

4

I

Viola rotundifolia
Viola canadensis
Viola rostrata
Epilohium molle
Epilohium densum
Cicuta hulhifera
Sanicula trifoliata
Pyrola elliptica
Pyrola chlorantha
Vaccinium pennsylvanicum
Trientalis horealis
Fraxinu^ nigra
Menyanthes trifoliata
Gentiana Andrewsii
Galium lanceolatum
Galium horeale
Diervilla Lonicera
Viburnum affine

Viburnum dentatum
Viburnum Lentago
Sambucus racemosa
Campanula rotundifolia
Eupatorium ma^ulatum
Eupatorium sessilifolium
Solidago neglecta
Aster radula
Aster umbellatus
Aster acuminatv^s
Aster nemoralis
Antennaria neodioica
Antennaria fallax
Antennaria neglecta
Antennaria Parlinii
Gnaphalium uliginosum
Cirsium pumilum

TIDAL MUD FLATS

The water of the Delaware Kiver is more or less brackish along
the shores of the Coastal Plain and the shores are covered with
tidal mud. Here we find a number of plants growing only in
habitats of this kind. Some of them are very restricted in their
distribution. Among these are the following :

Isoetes riparia — a rare species of restricted range.

Zannichellia palustris, var. major — ^widely distributed in eastern North

America.
Sagittaria Eatoni — a northern species.
Sagittaria subulata — a southern species.

Scirpus Smithii — a northern and north central United States species.
Eleocharis diandra — a rare and local species.
Eleocharis oliva^cea — a northern species.
Eriocaulon Parlceri — rare and local.

Acnida cannabina — ranges from New England to Florida.
Tillaea aquatica — a rare and local species.
Ptilimnium capUlaceum — ^a southern species.
Elatine americana — a northern species.
Hemianthus micranthus — a southern species.
Ilysanthes dubia, var. inundata — a local variety.
Ilysanthes inequalis — a southern species.
Limosella subulata — a southern species.

COASTAL PLAIN BOGS

On the Coastal Plain are found a number of bogs which cover
in a few cases considerable ground. The largest of these is about
a mile northwest of Bristol. Some of the plants found in these
bogs are the following :

i

i
t

i

4

. #^

30 The Flora

of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

<

^

, Lycopodium adpressum
f Bynchospora glomerata

Scleria setacea
Carex Howeii
Carex seorsa
Hahenaria clavellata
Hahenaria ciliaris
Isotria verticillata
Magnolia virginiana

Drosera longifolia

Pyrus arhutifolia

Pyrus arhutifolia^ var. atropurpurea

Amelanchier ohlongifolia

Polygala cruciata

Bhus Vernix

Bhexia virginica

Bhexia mariana

Utricularia spp.

•

Extensive marshes

are

MARSHES

found in the Coastal Plain districts.

Here we find, among
aquatic flora :

other things, the following characteristic

H>

V

•*

Zizania aquatica
Peltandra virginica
Typha spp.

Nymphosanthus advena
Bidens discoidea

1

PONDS

1

►

A number of curious little ponds occur in this region. Some
of them have open grassy shores while others are surrounded by-
thickets. Some of the plants found here are :

Potamogeton pulcher
Potamogeton spp.
Glyceria acutiflora

Lemna minor
Wolffia Columhiana
Utricularia spp.

THE DELAWARE SHORES

The Delaware River Valley is without doubt the most interest-
ing region botanically in the entire County. This is equally true
of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions.

The river shore at many places is dotted with sand bars which
gave a scant but interesting vegetation. These bars are flooded
during freshets but are entirely exposed at other times. Then,
too, the river is dotted with many small islands covered with a
rich sandy alluvium. The shore of the river at other places in
the Piedmont is gravelly rather than muddy as is the case on the
Coastal Plain where there is tidal mud.

The vegetation which characterizes the river shore of the
Piedmont Plateau is not a greatly varied one but is quite dis-
tinctive. The following plants, most of them of northern affini-
ties are to be found here :

> I >

4if

Hi

^-

#

p

»

*.5r

^¥

f

^

V-

•f

r^

'\

^/*

^i^

)i>

4k

Floristic Discussion

31

Equisetum littorale
Isoetes Dodgei
Eragrostis hypnoides
Eleocharis intermedia
Cyperus dentatus

Salix longifolia
Prunus depressa
Ptelea trifoliata
Vitis vulpina

Of these, the only ones not truly representative of northern
elements are Eragrostis hypnoides which has a distribution ex-
tending from Canada into tropical America and westward to
the Pacific Coast and Ptelea trifoliata a southern species found
nowhere in the County except at a few stations along the Dela-
ware River.

Among the plants found on the alluvial banks of the Delaware
River are :

Elymu^s riparius

Elymus virginicus, var. hirsutiglumis

Elymus striatus

Poa cuspidata

Anemone riparia

Arahis dentata
Agrimonia striata
Impatiens aurea
Hypericum Ascyron
Ellisia Nyctelea

These are also plants of northern affinities. Agrimonia
striata is a plant more common westward and is very rare in
our area.

NOCKAMIXON

The Nockamixon Narrows located along the Delaware River
between Kintnersville and Upper Black Eddy is the best known
botanical station in Bucks County. It is ** classic*' ground to
all botanists of the East. Among the earliest collectors to visit
the locality and call attention to its flora was the eccentric
Rafinesque. In his **Life of Travels and Researches in North
America'' published at Philadelphia in 1836 he writes:

**The greatest natural curiosity on the Delaware River are
the Nockamixon Rocks in Pennsylvania, where they give name
to a township. This ledge is nearly perpendicular, 2J miles
long, 400 feet high. The base is red shale, or Paleopsanite, but
overcapped by a brown trap. They front the south and have a
level top, with only two fissures made by rains falling in cas-
cades. The road and canal have been made by cutting and
banking. The river is full of little islands. It is a beautiful
and romantic place. I found here the Adlumia and many other
rare plants."

32

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

The Adlumia of which he speaks seems to have become extinct
in this locality although it was reported from there much more
recently by the late Dr. S. P. Seese (See Bui. Torr. Bot. Club,
xxxvi. 662 (1909).

It was here that Dr. Thomas C. Porter and Dr. Traill Green,
of Lafayette College, discovered Sedum roseum on May 18, 1867.
This plant is found in cool secluded spots along the ledges of
rock and is a plant of the Far North, regarded as a relic of the
days when the great ice cap extended down into Pennsylvania
as far as Northampton County.

Here one may also find, either along the cliffs or in the alluvial
soil near-by, the following plants all of northern origin :

Cystopteris hulhifera
Selaginella rupestris
Taxus canadensis
Carex plantaginea
Trillium erectum
Trillium cernuum
Arenaria strict a

Dicentra canadensis

Dentaria diphylla

Fragaria vesca, var. americana

Geranium Bohertianum

Acer spicatum

Viola canadensis

Hydrophyllum canadense

DURHAM

The Durham region has on its outcroppings of limestone sev-
eral plants not found elsewhere in the County. They are :

Tellaea atropurpurea
Asplenium Ruta-muraria

Gentiana quinquefolia

Of these the first is of wide distribution while the other two
are of northern origin. It is quite evident that the flora of the
Delaware Valley south to the fall-line is predominantly northern
in origin and found its way along the course of the River.
Below the fall-line there is a considerable southern element in
the flora of the Delaware Valley due to a northern migration
along the tide-water portion of the Delaware.

SPRINGFIELD

In the vicinity of Pleasant Valley and Passer in Springfield
Township there are numerous cold springy or swaley strips of
meadow land between the hills and occasional stretch of wet
woodland on the borders of small streams. Here one finds,
among others, the following species :

M'f

I

f »

r

J'

•i.r

Floristic Discussion

33

Carex gynandra
Rynchospora all)a
Pogonia ophioglossoides
Calopogon pulchellv^
Parnassia caroliniana
Drosera rotundifolia
Vaccinium macrocarpon
Polygala Senega
Epilohium densum

Thelypteris Goldiana
Botrychium tenehrosum
Lycopodium lucidulum
Panicum flexile
Muhlenhergia racemosa
Muhlenbergia foliosa
Carex interior
Carex sterilis
Carex strictior
Carex angustior

These plants are all of northern origin except Panicum flexile,
Bynchospora alba, Pogonia ophioglossioides and Calopogon pul-
chellus which are plants of wide range.

In the wet swaley hillside gullies of Durham and Springfield
Townships is found Cardamine rotundifolia, an AUeghanian
species, and in the hills near Springtown occurs Malaxis uniflora,
a northern species.

MILFORD

A series of swaley meadows, thickets and open woods com-
parable to those of Springfield Township occurs in Milford
Township. The most extensive of these is near Finland where
one finds:

Ophioglossum vulgatum
Botrychium ramosum
Botrychium tenehrosum
Muhlenbergia racemosa
Bynchospora alba
Scleria pauciflora

Melanthitim virginicum
Pogonia ophioglossoides
Bhus Vernix
Epilobium molle
Epilobium densum
Samolus floribundus

Here again we find a number of species of northern origin.
The exceptions are Ophioglossum vulgatum, Bynchospora alba,
Pogonia ophioglossoides, Bhus Vernix and Samolus floribundus
which are of wide range and Scleria pauciflora and Melanthium
virginicum which are of southern origin.

In a swaley meadow near Milford Square occurs Thelypteris
cristata, var. Clintoniana, a northern fern.

In East Rockhill Township near Rockhill Station in a small
tract of wet ground occur Carex limosa, Salix Bebbiana and
Menyanthes trifoliata, all of northern origin.

INTRODUCED SPECIES

The annotated list accompanying this study includes 339
introduced species. A large proportion of these are perma-

34

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

nently established as weeds mainly in agricultural districts.
Some of the introduced species must be regarded as waifs or
chance introductions which are hardly likely to persist. Some
have appeared within our limits rarely and have been collected
but once while others are met with more frequently. However,
they have all been placed in their systematic position in the list
and are counted as introduced species if they have been collected
at all within the County limits.

FOREST TYPES

"Within Bucks County it is possible to distinguish the follow-
ing major forest types:

1. White Pine-Hemlock Type.

2. Oak-Hickory Type.

3. River Birch-Swamp Maple Type.

4. Sweet Gum- Willow Oak Type.

The White Pine-Hemlock Type in a few places in the upper
and middle districts. An excellent example of this type of
forest is found along Beaver Creek, several miles northeast of
Ottsville. Here one finds the heaviest stand of White Pine in
the County. Associated with these two species are Taxus
Canadensis, Pyrola chlorantha and Pyrola elliptica.

In some parts of the County, notably among some of the
larger streams, are found pure stands of Hemlock while in most
districts the White Pine is represented only by isolated speci-
mens.

The Oak-Hickory Type is the prevailing forest type of Bucks
County. It occurs in the valleys and on the hillsides in most of
our area. This type includes a greater number of forest tree
species than any other forest type in the County. Here one
finds the White Oak, Eed Oak, Black Oak, Scarlet Oak, Pignut
Hickory, Mockernut Hickory, Shagbark Hickory, Black Walnut,
Sassafras, Black Birch and Tulip Poplar.

The River Birch-Swamp Maple Type is found along the Dela-
ware River and its main tributaries. The predominating species
are Silver Maple, Red Maple, Box Elder, or Ash leaved Maple,
River, or Red Birch, Black Walnut, White Ash, White Oak,

4\

Forest Types

35

Swamp White Oak, Swamp Hickory and Buttonwood, or Syca-
more, Red Osier and various species of Willow. It will be
noticed that this is also a predominantly hardwood type but it
occurs on low-lying tracts and on flood plains of streams.

The Sweet-Gum- Willow Oak Type occurs only on the Coastal
Plain strip. The characteristic trees of this type are the Willow
Oak, Sweet Gum, Christmas Holly, Laurel Magnolia, and
American White Birch. The shrubby plants found in this asso-
ciation include Vaccinium corymbosum, Clethra alnifolia,
Lyonia mariana, Pyrus arhutifolia and Pyrus arhutifolia, var.
atropurpurea. Among the climbers we find Smilax glauca and
Smilax rotundifolia which in some places form an impenetrable
tangle.

Localities

37

BOTANICAL HISTORY

Not a great deal of information is at hand concerning early
botanical work in Bucks County. We are certain, almost beyond
a doubt, that many of the older botanists whose works are now
the classics of botanical literature, collected within the borders
of the County. The Bartrams, Nuttall, Durand, Michaux, Muhl-
enberg, CoUins, Schweinitz and others, made trips into the
southern and eastern end of the County, and Rafinesque having
followed the Delaware River to the upper end of the County.

The following is an extract from a letter sent by the well
known Philadelphia botanist, Zaccheus Collins, to the eminent
botanist Muhlenberg, dated August 23, 1813 :

**I was lately in Bucks County, almost five miles northwest of
Bristol, a spot very interesting to me botanically and geologi-
cally. Although my opportunity was transient from bad
weather, I met with several plants for the first time, such as
your Malaxis-ophioglossoides, Woodsia-onschiodes, Orchis, per-
haps incisa, and here some years back I first recognized Hydro-
peltis purpurea, Crotonopsis-linearis, Michx., and the only
Pennsylvania spot known to me of Arbutus-uva-ursi. In fine
the Magnolias, the Glabrous Prinos, Ilex, etc., seemed involun-
tarily to transport me to Jersey. ' '

Among the earliest collectors whose collections are quoted in
this treatment are Isaac C. Martindale and Elias Diffenbach who
confined their activities largely to the lower districts. About
the same time the upper districts, especially those along the
Delaware River, were being visited by botanists from Bethlehem
and Easton. Of these Dr. Thomas C. Porter, of Lafayette Col-
lege, did the most outstanding work.

The first list of plants of Bucks County was published in 1876
by Dr. Isaac S. Moyer, of Quakertown. This list contained 1,166
species and varieties. A revision of this list was published in
1905 by Dr. Clayton D. Fretz, of Sellersville. His list contained
1,581 species and varieties.

In recent years the County has been quite thoroughly explored
by various collectors and there are reasons to believe that this

36

present catalog is a fairly complete list of the native flora of the
area. Future additions to the flora will consist largely of more
recent introductions. Further collecting is, however, still very
desirable. It will bring out additional facts concerning the dis-
tribution, limits of range and habitat of the various species in
our flora.

The present list includes 298 species and varieties not men-
tioned in Fretz 's Flora. Some of these represent recent segre-
gates from other species and the others represent species not
known to occur in the County when Fretz prepared his list.

LOCALITIES

The following localities are quoted in the annotated list. By
the index number given, their approximate location on the
accompanying sketch map may be determined.

Almont. E 3.

Andalusia. J 8.

Applebachsville. D 4.

Aquetong. F 7.

Argus. D 3.

Beaver Creek — Refers here to the
region one to two miles north-
northeast of Ottsville. C 5.

Bedminster — Records may refer to
Bedminster Township, but more
frequently to Bedminsterville.
D5.

Bensalem. 1 8.

Blooming Glen. E 4.

Bonair — On County line in Warmin-
ster Township. H 6.

Brick Tavern. D 3.

Bridgeton. Refers to Bridgeton
Township B 6 and C 6.

Bridge Point = Edison.

Bridge Valley. G 6.

Bridgewater = Croydon.

Bristol. 1 9.

Brownsburg. F 8.

Buckingham. F 6. May also refer
to the Township.

Buckingham Mountain. F 7.

Buckingham Valley. F 7.

Buckmanville. F 7.

Bucksville. C 5.

Buckwampum Mountain. C 4.

Bursonville. C 4.

Bycot. F 7.

Carver sville. E 6.

Center Bridge. E 7.

Chalf ont. F 5.

Church Hill = Weisel.

Churchville. H 7.

Cornwells. J 8.

Croydon. J 8.

Curley Hill. E 6.

Cuttalossa Valley = near Lumber-
ton. E 7.

Danboro. E 6.

Davisville. H 6.

Deep Run. E 5.

Derstine's, or Derstine's Station.
E3.

Dolington. G 8.

Doylestown. F 6.

Dublin. E 5.

Durham. B 5. — This refers to Dur-
ham P. O. except in the older
records where it frequently re-
fers to the Township.

Durham Furnace. B 5.

East Rockhill. Refers to the Town-
ship. E 4.

Eddington. J 8.

Edison. G 6.

Emilie. H 9.

Erwinna. G 6.

Fairmount = Passer.

Fallsington. H 9.

38

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Localities

39

Farm School. F 5.

Feasterville. H 7.

Ferndale. C 5.

Finland. E 2.

Forest Grove. F 6.

Fountainville. F 5.

Fretz. D 5.

Fricks. F 4.

Furlong. F 6.

Gardenville. E 6.

George School. G 8.

Glen Lake. H 8.

Grenoble. G 7.

Hagersville. E 4.

Harrow. C 5.

Hartsville. G 6.

Haycock. Refers to the Township.

0 4.
Haycock Run. C 5.
Haycock Mountain. C 4 and C 5.

Hilltown. May refer to Hilltown
Township, especially in Fretz 's
records. May also mean Hill-
town P. O. F 5.

Holicong. F7.

Holland. H 7.

Hulmeville. 1 8.

Ingham Springs. E 7. Solebury
Township, near Aquetong.

Ivyland. . H 6.

Jamison. G 6.

Janney. H 8.

Jericho Hill. F 8. Sometimes re-
ferred to as Jericho Mountain.

Johnsville. H 6.

Keelersville. E 4.

Kellers Church. D 4.

Kintnersville. B 5.

Kumry. E 2.

Lahaska. F 7.

Landisville. H 6.

Langhorne. H 8.

Lehnenberg = Monroe.

Leidytown. F 4.

Levin. F 8.

Line Lexington. F 4.

Lower Black Eddy = Point Pleasant.

Lumberton. E 7. A short distance
below Lumberville at mouth of
Cuttalossa Creek.

Lumberville. E 7.

Mechanicsville. F 6.

Milford Square. D 2.

Milford. Refers to Milford To^vn-
ship.

Monroe. B 5.

Morrisville. H 10.

Mount Pleasant = Hilltown P. O.

F5.

Naceville. E 3.

Narrowsville. B 6.

Neshaminy. G 5.

Neshaminy Falls. H 8.

Neshaminy Forks. G 7.

New Britain. F 5.

New Hope. E 8.

Newportville. 1 9.

Newtown. G 8.

Nockamixon — Refers to Nockamixon
Township, usually along the
Narrows. It is therefore gener-
ally synonymous with Narrows-
ville but may sometimes refer
to other parts of the Township.
Formerly Bridgetown Township
was included in Nockamixon
Township.

Oakford. 1 8.

Ottsville. D 5.

Oxford Valley. E 9.

Parkland. H 8.

Passer. C 3.

Penns Manor. 1 10.

Penns Park. G 7.

Penn Valley. H 10.

Perkasie. E 4.

Pineville. F 7.

Pipersville. D 5.

Pleasant Hill = Pleasant Valley.

Pleasant Valley. C4.

Plumstead. This may refer in some
of the older records to Plum-
stead Township, but in most
cases it refers to Plumstead-
ville. E 5.

Point Pleasant. D 6.

Quakertown. D 3.

Revere. C 5.

Richboro. H 7.

Rich Hill. E 3.

Richlandtown. D 3.

Ridge Valley = near Argus. E 3.

Riegelsville. B 5.

Ringing Rocks — In Bridgeton Town-
ship. B 6.

Rockhill — In some of the old records
this may refer to East or West
Rockhill Townships which were
originally included in Rockhill
Township. In the case of more
recent records, it generally re-
fers to Rockhill Station.

Rockhill Station. E 3.

Rocky Ridge. E 3.

Roelofs. H 9.

Rushland. G 7.

Sellersville. D 3.

Shelly. C 3.

Silverdale. E 4.

Slickville = Penns Manor.

Smoketown = Rocky Hidge.

Solebury. E 7.

Southampton. H 7.

Spinnerstown. D 9.

Springfield — Refers to Springfield
Township. Most of these rec-
ords are by Fretz and refer to
the region near Pleasant Valley.

Springtown. B 4.

Steinsburg. D 2.

Stoopville. G 8.

Sundale. C 6.

Telford. F 3.

Thatcher. D 4.

Three Mile Run — The valley be-
tween Perkasie and Rockhill
Station. E 4.

Tinicum. D 6.

Tohickon. D 5.

Tohickon Park. D 5.

Trevose. I 7.

Trumbauersville. D 3.

Tullytown. 1 9.

Turkey Hill. H 10.

Uhlertown. G 6.

Upper Black Eddy. B 6.

Warminster. H 6.

Warrington. G 6.

Washington's Crossing. F 9. Now
recognized as Washington Cross-
ing by Post Office Department.

Weisel. D 4.

Wismer. E 6.

Woodboume. H 8.

Woodside. H 9.

Wormansville. D 6.

Wrightstown. G 7.

Wycombe. F 7.

Yardley. G 9.

Zion Hill. C3.

The islands in the Delaware River under Pennsylvania juris-
diction which are quoted in this list are given below together
with their location :

Biles Island — Three miles below
Morrisville, opposite Falls Town-
ship. H 10.

Hendrick 's Island — Above Center
Bridge. E 7.

Malta Island — One mile below New
Hope Bridge. E 8.

Moon's Island — One mile below

Morrisville. H 10.
Solliday's Island — One and one-half

miles above Point Pleasant. D 6.

Wyker's Island — A 14-acre island

near the Nockamixon *' Nar-

rows.

y )

B5.

40

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

EXPLANATION OP THE CATALOG

1

I

I

In the Annotated List of the Vascular Plants of Bucks County,
which follows, the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature
have been followed. To differentiate the various elements in
the flora the names of introduced plants are preceded by an
asterisk (*) and the excluded species based on discredited rec-
ords taken from Fretz's Flora of Bucks County (1905) and
Keller and Brown's Flora of Philadelphia and Vicinity (1905)
are listed in brackets. All others are considered indigenous
species.

All synonyms are italicized. As a rule synonyms are given
only where the names differ from those used in Gray's Manual
of Botany (Ed. 7, 1908) or where they are included for the pur-
pose of identifying the names used in other lists. All records
quoted in this list as authentic, are based on material seen by
the writer in one of the several local herbaria.

The abbreviations in parenthesis following the name of each
locality indicate the name of the collector and the herbarium in
which the material was seen. A list of the collectors and the
abbreviations employed to designate them follows in alphabetical
order :

Ad Adams, Joseph W.

A AUebach, Harvey G.

Bl Ball, Frank

Ba Bartram, Edwin B.

Bt Bassett, George W.

B Benner, Walter M.

Be Best, George N.

Bo Boice, C. A.

Br Brinton, J. Bernard

Bn Brown, Stewardson

Ca Canby, William M.

CJo Conrad, Solomon W.

0 Crawford, Joseph

D Diffenbaugh, Elias

Dr Dreisbach, Robert R.

E Eckfeldt, John W.

Pi Fisher, Hiram L.

Fo Fogg, John M.

P Fretz, Clayton D.

Fj Frey, Gottlieb

G Garber, Abraham P.

Gr Gross, C. A.

Ha Hamm, Daniel W.

Hb Harshberger, John W

H Heritage, Benjamin

J John, Albrecht

K Keller, Ida A.

Kr Krout, A. F. K.

Le Leeds, Arthur N.

Li Lappincott, Charles A

L Long, Bayard

M MacElwe^, Al^nnffor

Ma Martindale, Isaae -Ci.

Me McDowell, 'Fred * * * '

Me ' Ue^emh HiigJj ^^.

Mo M d^Tj'^ Isaac' S: * '.^

Mu Mumbamer, Joseph'- E.

Pe Pennell,,Fjancis W.

P Porter, TholnJj^ C.J

Po Poyser, Win\an^ A-, . .

» » <

•• •

• • •

t » t •

* »

• *

»

• • •

• *

• > •

>

f t
I

» t

41

42

Pr
B

Sa
Se
Sg

Si
Sn
St
Sm

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Pretz, Harold W.

Euth, John A., and Harvey

F.

Saunders, C. F.

Seal, Thomas

St. John, Harold and Long,

Bayard
Smith, Benjamin H.
Stone, Hugh E.
Stone, Witmer
Strohm, Franklin H.

T Taylor, William Randolph

Tr True, Rodney H.

V Van Pelt, Samuel S.

Va Van Sant, Belle

V&L Van Pelt, Samuel »., and

Long, Bayard

Ws Williams, I. Newlin

Wi Williams, Mary H.

^ Williamson, Charles S.

We Witte, William H.

• • <

«

• • •

« •
• • •

The system employed to designate the herbarium i^J^^^^^ *^^

• *!, „=,. nf a Aa<ih ( - ) and another initial
specimen was seen is the use of a dash <, ; anu

following it within the same parenthesis immediately after the
abbr'iation used to indicate the collector unlej ^^e material
quoted is in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Botanical Club
rthe Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia m which
case no herbarium initial is employed. For^^^^P^^' ^^'^^
cates that the material quoted was collected by Thomas C. Porter
and is now in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Botanical Club,
and (P-C) indicates that the material collected is now in the
herbarium of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science.

The foUowing initials have been employed to designate the
several herbaria consulted by the writer :

(no initial) Philadelphia Botanical Club

) Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science

) George School
) University of Pennsylvania
I - tt ) Herbarium of John A., and Harvey F. Ruth
Where the name of a locality is quoted in parenthesis, thus
(Bristol), it indicates a previously published record for which
no herbarium material could be found.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

' -."tW^e^-a-'-^ork-of this nature is undertaken, one is obliged to
iJok to certain persons for suggestions and inspiration as well

•••asior hdp-iii diificiiU problems. The writer wishes to take this
=opp6rtuiiity to th^nk the various individuals who contributed in
any -way tQward"lhe completion of this project.

( -c

( -6

( -P
( -R

♦

• •

» • •

ANNOTATED LIST OF THE VASCULAR FLORA

POLYPODIACEAE (fern family)
Polypodium virglnianum L. Polypody.

(P. vulgar e of American authors.) Khodora, xxiv. 125 (1922).

Rocky situations ; not infrequent.

Revere (W) ; Upper Black Eddy (Bn) ; Uhlertown (Me) ;
Nockamixon (Wa) ; Ottsville (L) ; Haycock Mountain (L) ;
Rockhill (F) (K) ; Deep Run (L) ; Bycot (K) ; Center Bridge
(L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Newtown (W. P. Evans) ; Aquetong
(K); New Hope (Sg).

Adiantum pedatum L. Maidenhair.

Rich moist woods ; rather frequent.

Narrowsville (M) ; Nockamixon (Po) ; Sundale (L) ; Tohickon
(Me); Shelly (B) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Argus
(B) ; Aquetong (K) ; Lumberville (L) ; Newtown (Va-G).

Pteridium latiusculum (Desv.) Hieron. Common Brake.

Wissenschaf tliche Ergebnisse der Swedischen Rhodesia-Kongo-
Expedition 1911-12, i. Heft. 1; 7 (1914).

{Pteris aquilina of Gray^s Man. ed. 7, in part).

Dry thickets and hillsides; rather frequent although not
collected very frequently.

Nockamixon (L) ; Ringing Rocks, Bridgeton Township (L) ;
Bycot (K) ; Penn Valley (C) ; TuUytown (F) ; Bristol (F).

Maxon is sometimes credited as the author of the above com-
bination. See Ahl Fern Journ. ix. 43 (1919).

Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) Watt. Hairy Lip Fern.

On rocks ; rare.

Nockamixon (Pr) ; Ottsville (L) ; Rushland (L) ; Lumberville
(F); (PipersviUe) ; (SellersvUle).

Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link. Cliff Brake.

Crevices and ledges of dry exposed limestone cliffs ; local.

Nockamixon (H) (C) ; Riegelsville (F) ; Narrowsville (M) ;
Durham Furnace (L) (F) ; limestone bridge wall, 1^/^ miles east

of Springtown (We).

43

44

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Polypodiaceae

45

•I

Pellaea glabella Mett.

Linnaea, xxxvi, 87 (1869).

Distinguished from preceding species by its smooth, lighter
colored stipes and short, not more than 3-5 parted leaves;
similar situations ; rare.

In crevice of old stone lock wall of canal, % mile north of
EiegelsviUe (Pr, September 1, 1919) ; old limestone wall, Dur-
ham Furnace (Hans Wilkins, June 9, 1929), Narrowsville (B).

Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm. Chain Fern.
Low ground in Coastal Plain district ; rare.
Fallsington (L) ; Oxford Valley (L) ; Bristol (D) ; (Tully-

town).

Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore.

Wet woods in Coastal Plain district; more common than pre-
ceding. ,^. _, ,,

Yardley (L) ; Fallsington (L) ; Oxford Valley (B) ; Tully-

town (Sa) (C); Bristol (C).

Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes. Ebony Spleenwort.

Open or thinly wooded rocks and banks ; occasional.

Nockamixon (Po) ; Uhlertown (Me); Haycock Mountain
Mc); Sprinnerstown (B) ; RockhiU (F) ; Aquetong (K) ;
Buckingham (E. R. Heacock) ; Buckmanville (L).

Asplenium Trichomanes L. Maiden-Hair Spleenwort.

Shaded rocks and ledges; fairly common in upper half of

County.

Narrowsville (Bn) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Upper Black Eddy
(Bn) ; Erwinna (L) ; OttsviEe (L) ; Weisel (B) ; SellersviUe
(F); Chalfont (L).
Asplenium Ruta-muraria L. V^all Eue Spleenwort.

On limestone cliffs in northeastern part ; local.

RiegelsvUle (F) ; Durham Furnace (L) (Le).

Prof. Fernald separates our American form of this fern from
the Eurasian and calls it A, cryptolepis, Rhodora, xxx, 37
(1928).

^ i h

^-i^m*-

4

tl^

>i^

Athyrium achrostlchoides (Sw.) Diels. Silvery Spleenwort.

(Asplenium acrostichoides Sw.) Rhodora, xxi. 178 (1919).
Rich woods; infrequent.

Nockamixon (Ba) ; Three Mile Run (F) ; RockhiU (F) ;
Jericho HUl (L) ; Newton (Va-G).

Athyrium angustum (WiUd.) Presl. Lady Fern.

(Asplenium Filix-foemina of authors.) Rhodora, xix. 169
(1917) and xxi. 178 (1919).

Low woods and bogs; infrequent.

Narrowsville (M) ; RockhiU (B) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Aquetong
(K) ; Yardley (Me) ; Fallsington (L).

According to Butters, this is the northern species. Apparently
Bucks County is in the zone of transition from the northern to
the southern species. The Yardley specimen quoted above ap-
proaches the southern species, A, asplenioides (Michx.) Desv.

Camptosonis rhizophyUus (L.) Link. Walking Fern.

Shaded rocks; infrequent.

Nockamixon (Po) (C. E. Waters) ; RockhiU (M) ; Argus (B) ;
Ridge Valley (F) ; Pipersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (Me) ; Bow-
man's Hill, Brownsburg (L) ; (Center Bridge) ; (Neshaminy) ;
(Rushland).

Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott. Christmas Fern.

Rocky or sandy woods ; frequent.

Nockamixon (Po) ; Upper Black Eddy (Bn) ; Revere (L) ;
Ottsville (L) ; Haycock Mountain (L) ; RockhiU (F) ; Milford
Square (F) ; Deep Run (L) ; BuckmanviUe (L) ; Roelofs (L) ;
Jamison (Dr) ; Tullytown (B) ; Andalusia (Ma).

Thelypteris* hexagonoptera (Michx.) Weatherby. Beech Fern.

(Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fee.) Rhodora, xxi.
179 (1919).

Damp to rather dry open woods ; frequent.

Nockamixon (Po) ; Shelly (F) ; Smoketown (W) ; Aquetong
(K) ; Jericho HiU (Ws^G).

♦There is reasonable doubt at present as to whether Thelypteris or Vryopteris
is the proper generic name to use.

hi

46

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Polypodiaceae

47

Thelypterls palustris Schott. Maesh Fern.

(Asjndium Thelypteris (L.) Sw.) Khodora, xxxi. 34 (1929).

Wet meadows and ditches ; occasional.

Nockamixon (P) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Oxford Valley
(L); Bristol (L).
Theljrpteris novaboracensls (L.) Nieuwl. New Yoek Fern.

(Aspidmm novahoracensis (L.) Sw.) Rhodora, xxi. 178
(1919).

Moist woods; common.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Buckwampum Mountain (R-R) ;

Rockhill (F) ; Oxford Valley (B).

Thelypteris marginalis (L.) Nieuwl. Marginal Shield Fern.

(Aspidium marginale (L.) Sw.) Rhodora, xxi. 178 (1919).

Damp rich woods ; frequent.

Narrowsville (L) ; Upper Black Eddy (Bn) ; Haycock Moun-
tain (Sm); Springtown (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Milford Square
(B) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Argus (B) ; Deep Run (L) ; Aquetong
(K) ; Buckingham (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Lumberville (L) ;
Buckmanville (L) ; Center Bridge (L) ; New Hope (Sg).

Thelypteris Ooldiana (Hook.) Nieuwl. Goldie's Fern.

(Aspidium Goldianum Hook.) Rhodora, xxi. 177 (1919).

Rich woods in upper end ; rare.

Buckwampum Mountain (R^R, August, 1885) ; Springfield
Township (F, August 21, 1881) ; (Bogs in Milford).

A station one-half mile southwest of Locust Valley, Lehigh
County, was long claimed for Bucks County by Dr. I. S. Moyer.

Thelypteris cristata (L.) Nieuwl. Crested Shield Fern.

{Aspidium cristatum (L.) Sw.) Rhodora, xxi. 177 (1919).

Swamps and boggy woodlands ; not common.

Monroe (R^R) ; Rich Hill (B) ; Yardley (Me); Fallsington
(L) ; Penn Valley (C) ; (Haycock).

Thelypteris cristata (L.) Nieuwl., var. Clintoniana (D. C. Eaton) Weatherby.

{Aspidium cristatum (L.) Sw., var. Clintonianum D. C.
Eaton) Weatherby. Rhodora, xxi. 177 (1919).

Boggy woods ; rare.

Milford Square (Mu, July 5, 1913).

Thelypteris spinulosa (O. F. Mull.) Nieuwl.

{Aspidium spinulosum (0. F. Miill) Sw.) Rhodora, xxi. 178
(1919).

Rich shady moist woods ; frequent.

Nockamixon (P) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Milford
Square (L) ; Lumberville (L) ; Yardley (Me) ; Fallsington
(L) ; Emilie (L) j Tullytown (L) ; Hulmeville (B).

Thelypteris spinulosa (O. F. Mull.) Nieuwl., var. intermedia (Muhl.)
Weatherby.

{Aspidium spinulosum (0. F. Miill.) Sw., var. intermedium
(Muhl.) W. C. Eaton). Rhodora, xxi. 178 (1919).

Rich shady woods, apparently as common as the species.

Nockamixon (P) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Springtown
(L) ; Haycock Mountain (L) ; Milford Square (B) ; Deep Run
(L) ; Aquetong (K) ; Roelofs (L) ; Penns Park (L) ; Jamison
(Dr) ; Bristol (B) ; Hulmeville (B).

Thelypteris spinulosa (O. F. Miill.) Nieuwl., var. fructuosa (Gilbert)
Fernald.

Rhodora, xxviii. 146 (1926).

A variety with wider mature indusia (0.8-1.4 mm.) broad and
with pinnae gradually tapering to apex.

Fallsington (F, June 1, 1924).

This specimen was determined by Mr. C. A. Weatherby, of
the Gray Herbarium.

Thelypteris Boottii (Tuckerm.) Nieuwl.

{Aspidium Boottii Tuckerm.) Am. Mid. Nat., I. 226 (1910 and
Rhodora, xxi. 177 (1919.

Wet thickets and borders of swamps; rather local. Possibly
this is a hybrid between T. crista and T. spinulosa, var. inter-
media.

Milford Square (L) ; Roelofs (L) ; Fallsington (L).

Cystopteris bulbif era (L.) Bernh. Bladder Fern.

Along the Delaware River on moist, mostly shaded, cliffs ; in-
frequent.

Nockamixon (Po) (P) (C) (F) ; Narrowsville (M) (Bn) ;
Loimberville (Bn) ; Lower Black Eddy (L) ; (Point Pleasant).

iiif

48

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

It

i I'

Cystopterls fragills (L.) Bernh.

Shaded cliffs, banks and rocky woods; more common than

the "Dreccdinsr.

Nockamixon (H) ; NarrowsviUe (Bn) (M) (Li) ; Upper Black
Eddy (Bn); Sundale (L) ; Ottsville (L) ; SellersviUe (F) ;
Argus (F) ; Milford Square (L) ; Edison (Fo) ; Buckingham
(L) ; Lumber ville (L).

Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br.

Dry exposed rocky places ; rare.

Nockamixon (Po) (H) (P) (T) (VP) ; NarrowsviUe (M).

Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr.

Cliffs and rocky banks ; infrequent.

Nockamixon (Po) (P) ; Uhlertown (Me); Ottsville (L) ;
Pleasant Valley (L) ; Milford Square (L) ; Carversville (L) ;
Aquetong (K).
Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx.) Moore. Hay-scented Feen.

(Dicksonia punctilobula (Michx.) Gray.)

Dry or damp sterile open or shaded places ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Springtown (F) ; RockhiU (F) ; Milford
Square (F) ; Aquetong (K) ; Bycot (Br) ; TuUytown (B).

Onoclea sensibilis L. Sensitive Feen.

Moist thickets and meadows ; common.

NarrowsviUe (E) ; Nockamixon (M) ; Rockhill (L) ; Bycot
(Br-P) ; Tullytown (P) (J).

Pteretis nodulosa (Michx.) Nieuwl. Ostrich Fern.

{Onoclea Struthiopteris of authors.) Rhodora, xxi. 178-179

(1919).
Alluvial soil along Delaware River in upper end ; rare.
Nockamixon (M) ; NarrowsviUe (V) (Bn) ; Upper Black

Eddy (P).

SCHIZAEACEAE (curly-grass family)

Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw. Climbing Fern.
Low woods and thickets ; rare.
Yardley (L, Nov. 24, 1923) ; (Newtown).

Ophioglossaceae

49

4

OSMUNDACEAE (flowering fern family)

Osmunda regalis L., var. spectabilis (Willd.) Gray. Eoyal Fern.

Rhodora, xxi. 176 (1919).

Low woods and marshes; locally abundant.

Durham (Rr-R) ; Coff man's Hill (Tr-P) ; Rockhill (F) ;
Pleasant Valley (L) ; Yardley (Me) ; Tullytown (M) (Le).

Osmunda Claytoniana L. Interrupted Fern.

Damp woods and edges of swamps ; not very common.
Monroe (R-R) ; Nockamixon (M) ; Rockhill (F) ; Almont
(L); Center Bridge (B).

Osmunda cinnamonea L. Cinnamon Fern.

Moist ground ; frequent.

Durham (R-R) ; Nockamixon (M) ; Ringing Rocks, Bridge-
ton Township (L) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Ridge Valley (F) ;
Yardley (L) ; Fallsington (L) ; Oxford Valley (L) ; Bristol
(Co).

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE (adder's tongue family)
OpMoglossnm vulgatum L. Adder's Tongue.

Moist meadows and thickets ; local and rare.

Riegelsville (R) ; Monroe (R) ; Springtown (We) ; Finland
(Mu) ; The Hedges, Lower Solebury Township (Ws-G) ; Wood-
bourne (J); (Tullytown).

Botrychiom tenebrosum A. A. Eaton.

Moist, rocky woods ; rare.

Pleasant Valley (L) ; Finland (L) ; Geryville (L).

This and B. simplex E. Hitchcock are very difficult to separate.
It may be that one is merely a form of the other. The northern
form growing in dry situations is considered by many to be the
true B. simplex and the form coming within our range and grow-
ing in damp woods and swamps is considered the true B.
tenebrosum. In B. simplex the sterile segment is short petioled
and usually arises from the lower part of the scape, while in B.
tenebrosum the sterile lamina is sessile or very slightly stalked
and is the only one with a notch in the top of the sterile portion.

4

50

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Lycopodiaceae

51

Botrychium ramosum (Eoth) Aschers.

Kich woods; rare and local.

Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Finland (L) ; Geryville (L).
The sterile segment is nearly sessile and is borne at the top of
the long and slender common stalk.

Botrychium dissectum Spreng.

{B. ohliquum Muhl., var. dissectum (Spreng.) Clute.) Eho-
dora, xxiii. 151 (1921).

Pastures and open woods; not rare.

Monroe (Pr) ; Beaver Creek (B) ; Haycock Mountain (L)
Weisel (Sm) ; Rockhill (F) (M) ; Almont (L) ; Grenoble (L)
Aquetong (L) ; George School (Va-G) ; Fallsington (L)
Bristol (B) ; TuUytown (C) ; Hulmeville (B).

Botrychium obliquum Miihl.

Pastures and open woods; about as frequent as the preceding
species.

Monroe (Pr) ; Beaver Creek (B) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Fin-
land (Bl-G); Rockhill (F); Sellersville (F) ; Deep Run (L) ;
Yardley (Me) ; Penns Manor (B) ; Fallsington (L) ; Tullytown
(C) (J) (V) ; Turkey Hill (B) ; Bristol (L).

Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Battlesnake Fern.

Rich woods; common except in lower end.

Durham (R^R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant VaUey (B) ; Rich-
landtown (L) ; Shelly (B) ; Rockhill (M) (F) ; Finland (L) ;
Milford Square (L) ; Erwinna (Me) ; Lahaska (L) ; Buckman-
ville (L) ; Center Bridge (Fi) ; George School (Va-G) ;
Andalusia (L).

EQUISETACEAE (horsetail family)

Equisetum arvense L. CJommon Horsetail.

Dry soil ; common, often as a weed along railroads, etc.
Nockamixon (P) (C) ; Lower Black Eddy (L) ; Spinnerstown
(B) ; Telford (B) ; New Hope (Sg).

Equisetum sylvaticum L., var. pauciramosum Milde.

(E, sylvaticum of the Manuals and of Fretz's Flora.) Rhodora,
XX. 131 (1918).

t

.j-cj

4-

f

r

Bogs and low woods; infrequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Pleasant Val-
ley (L) ; near Tullytown (C) ; (Nockamixon) ; (Quakertown) ;
(Morrisville).

All the material seen from Bucks County belong to forma
multiromosum Fernald.

Equisetum litorale Kuehl.

Sandy river shore; rare. Not recently collected.
Point Pleasant (F) (P).

Equisetum limosum L.

(E. fluviatile L. of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xxiii.
43-45 (1921).

In swamps and along muddy borders of streams; locally
abundant.

Nockamixon (C) (L) ; Quakertown (P) ; Morrisville (L) ;
Penn Valley (J) ; Tullytown (F) (L) ; Croydon (B).

Equisetum hyemale L., var. affine (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton. Scoueing Rush.

E, hyemale L. is the European species. Schaflfner, Amer.
Fern Jorn. xi, 65 1921).

Wet places, especially along streams ; locally abundant.

Riegelsville (L) (Pr) ; Narrowsville (Bn) (Br) ; Brick Tavern
(Ha) ; Argus (B) ; Point Pleasant (F) (Bn) ; New Hope (Sg) ;
Jericho Hill (L).

LYCOPODIACEAE (club-moss family)

Lycopodium lucidulum Michx.

Cool damp woods ; rather common in upper districts.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L)
Pleasant Valley (B) ; Haycock Mountain (L) ; Geryville (L)
RockhiU (L); Weisel (B) ; Argus (Sm) ; Chalfont (L)
Aquetong (L) ; Buckingham Township (F) ; Buckmanville (L)
Center Bridge (F) ; Yardley (L) ; Fallsington (L).

[Lycopodium inundatum L.

Has not been collected in the County. The material forming
the basis of the Tullytown (F) record is L, adpressum.]

4'

52

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Lycopodium adpressum (Chapm.) Lloyd & TJnderw.

Wet sandy and gravelly places; common on Coastal Plain.
Yardley (Me) ; Tullytown (F) (Le) ; Bristol (Dr).

Lycopodium alopecuroides L.

Similar situations and distribution as preceding species. The
material itself approaches L. adpressum but the sphorophylls
are not appressed. May be an undescribed variety of it.

Tullytown (F) ; Bristol (L).

Lycopodium clavatum L. Running Pine.

Dry open woods ; rare.

Milford Township (F) ; Roelofs (L).

Lycopodium obscurum L. Geound Pine.

Rich woods ; frequent.

Durham (Rr-R) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Pleasant Val-
ley (B) ; Deep Run (L) ; Danboro (B) ; Buckingham Township
(F) ; Yardley (L) ; Roelofs (L) ; Oxford Valley (L) ; Tully-
town (C); Bristol (B).

Lycopodium complanatum L., var. flabeUif orme Fernald. Christmas Geeen.

(L. complanatum of Fretz's Flora.) Rhodora, xiii. 168
(1911).

Dry woods and banks ; common.

Uhlertown (Me) ; Ottsville (B) ; Haycock Mountain (L) ;
Almont (B) ; Rockhill (L) ; Sellersvnie (F) ; Deep Run (L) ;
Plumsteadville (Dr) ; Danboro (B) ; Doylestown (B) ; Tully-
town (B) ; Bristol (B) j (Ridge VaUey).

SELAGINELLACEAE (selaginella family)

SelagineUa rupestris (L.) Spring.

Dry exposed rocks; rare.

Nockamixon (P) (Po) (R) ; (Point Pleasant).

SelagineUa apoda (L.) Fernald.

(S. apus (L.) Spring.) Rhodora, xvii. 68 (1915).

Low grassy places; probably more common than collections
indicate.

4

.i

Vh^

f* 1 ^'1

V-'l •'

Taxaceae

53

Pleasant Valley (B) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Ridge Valley (F) ;
Croydon (B).

ISOETACEAE (quillwort family)

Isoetes riparia Engelm.

Tidal mud shores of the Delaware River ; very local.
Penns Manor (B) ; Tullytown (F) ; (Andalusia).

[Isoetes ecMnospora Dur., var. Braunii (Dur.) Engelm.

Reported from Durham (R) as var. rohusta Engelm., but the
only specimen found which could form the basis for this record
has been identified by Mr. T. Chalkley Palmer as E. EngelmannL
Pfeiffer, in Monograph of Isoetaceae, p. 170, (1922) quotes a
Durham specimen by Ruth, in the University of Minnesota
Herbarium with similar label data but different date, under 7.
Braunii, This is more than likely similar material.]

Isoetes Dodgei A. A. Eaton.

River shore; occasional.

Monroe (R) ; Point Pleasant (Be) (C) ; Washington's Cross-
ing (B) ; Morrisville (L) ; Yardley (L) ; Penns Manor (B).

Isoetes Engelmanni A. Br.

River shore, also in ponds and ditches ; occasional.

Nockamixon (R) ; Revere (L) ; Milford Square (Mu) ; Fin-
land (L) ; Seller sville (F) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Yardley (L).

[Isoetes Engelmanni A. Br., var. graciUs Engelm.

Recorded from Sellersville by C. D. Fretz. Existing speci-
mens forming basis for this record were referred to T. Chalkley
Palmer who replied, ** Plants too young for proper diagnosis.'']

TAXACEAE (yew family)
TaxTis canadensis Marsh. American Yew. Ground Hemlock.

Cool woods and moist situations; very local.

Narrowsville (P) ; Nockamixon (Pf ) (V) ; Beaver Creek
(B) ; Ottsville (L) ; Tohickon Park (F) ; Pipersville (L) ; Edison
(Fo); (Bedminster) J (Doylestown); (Neshaminy).

V ' 4

54

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

PINACEAE (pine family)
Pinus Strobus L. White Pine.

Hills and occasional in lowlands; not common. The largest
stand of this species is along Beaver Creek near Ottsville.

Durham (R-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Haycock Mountain (L)
Eocky Ridge (B) ; Finland (B) ; Aquetong (L) ; Hartsville (L)
Center Bridge (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Bristol (B) ; (Rockhill)
(Buckingham).

Flnus rigida Mill. Pitch Pine.

Sandy or barren soil ; not common.

Nockamixon (L) (P) ; Haycock Mountain (L) ; Spinner stown
(L) ; Rockhill (L) ; Bristol (B) ; (Sellersville).

Pinus virginiana Mill. Sceub Pine.

Sterile hillsides and dry sandy soil; frequent but nowhere

plentiful.

Nockamixon (F) (Pr) ; Revere (V) ; Keelersville (Pr) ; Gery-
ville (L) ; Rockhill (B) ; Argus (L) ; Finland (B) ; Point
Pleasant (G) ; Bristol (St) ; Andalusia (L).

Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Hemlock.

Rocky hillsides and gravelly places ; infrequent.
Nockamixon (M) ; Pipersville (L) ; Chalfont (L) ; Penns Park
(L) ; Croydon (K) ; (Bedminster) ; (Sellersville) ; (Neshaminy).

[Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP. White Cedae.

Reported from Bristol by I. C. Martindale but no material is
extant in any of the local herbaria to substantiate this record.]

Juniperus communis L. Common Junipee.

Dry soil ; rare.

Monroe (R-R) ; Rockhill (F) ; Argus (K) (Bn) (C) (Wi).

Juniperus virginiana L. Red Cedae.

Hillsides and old fields ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Haycock Mountain (B) j Rock-
hill (F) ; Finland (L) ; Aquetong (K).

4i-

I

i

w

I

i;

i

Najadaceae 55

TYPHACEAE (cat-tail family)

Typha latifolia L. Common Cat-tail.

Swamps, pond and ditches; frequent.

Rockhill (F) ; Neshaminy (Me) ; Andalusia (L).

Typha angustif olia L.

Marshes and shallow ponds, not so frequent as the preceding.

Monroe (R-R) ; Shelly (B) ; Quakertown (P) ; Rockhill (M)
(W) ; Sellersville (J) (F) ; Bristol (L).

SPARGANIACEAE (bur reed family)
Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. Giant Bur Reed.

Marshes and shallow water along streams and ponds; occa-
sional.

Edgely (L) ; Bristol (B).

Sparganium americanum Nutt.

(Includes var. androcladum Fernald & Eames.) Rhodora,
xxiv. 33 (1922).

Muddy shores and marshes; frequent.

Quakertown (L) ; Rockhill (B) ; Finland (B) ; Almont (B) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Grenoble (L) ; Penn Valley (B) ; Oxford
Valley (L) ; Bristol (Bo).

Much of our material has the inflorescence branched and is
sometimes separated as var. androcladum (Engelm.) Fernald &
Eames. This branching is of litle importance, however, and
Engelmann's ** androcladum " is not applicable to this form.

Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong.

(/S. lucidum Fernald and Eames). Rhodora, xxiv. 27 (1922).
Muddy shores; only one station known.
Bristol (D, July 30, 1865).
No later material discovered.

NAJADACEAE (pondweed family)

[Potamogeton natans L.

Reported as common by Fretz. This is a northern species and
does not occur within the county.]

I

^

56

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Juncaginaceae

57

Potamogeton epihydnis Raf .
Ponds and streams; probably more frequent than collections

indicate.

Monroe (R-R) ; Argus (P) (F) ; Eidge Valley (F) ; Pipers-
ville (F) ; Penn Valley (C) ; Bristol (M).

Potamogeton americanus C. & S.

Slow streams; not rare.

Quakertown (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Neshaminy Falls (Ad) ;
Grenoble (L) ; Yardley (W).

Potamogeton pulcher Tuckerm.

Ponds of the Coastal Plain ; rare.
Tullytown (B) ; Bristol (Bo).

Potamogeton amplif olius Tuckerm.

Streams and ponds; local.

Monroe (R-R) ; Quakertown (L) ; Argus (F) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Bristol (P).

Potamogeton perf oliatus L.

Ponds and slow streams ; local.

Monroe (R-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Tohickon Park (F) ; Tully-
town (C).

*Potamogeton crlspus L.

Streams and brackish shores ; occasionally introduced.
Monroe (Rr-R) ; New Britain (Sm) ; Ingham Spring, Sole-
bury Township (Bt) ; Tullytown (C).

Potamogeton pusiUus L.

Ponds and slow streams ; frequent.

Argus (L) ; Tullytown (L) ; Andalusia (L).

Potamogeton f oliosus Raf.

Quiet waters of ponds and streams ; frequent.
Pleasant Hill, Haycock Mountain (R. S. Bechtold) ; Sellers-
ville (F); Tullytown (B).

Potamogeton diversif olius Raf.

(P. hyhridus Michx.)

Shallow, often stagnant water; frequent.

Quakertown (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Chalfont (L) ; Morris-
ville (B) ; Tullytown (B) ; Bristol (D).

Potamogeton dimorphus Raf.

(P. Spirillus Tuckerm., of Fretz's Flora.)
Ponds and ditches; apparently rare.
Bristol (L); (Rockhill).

Potamogeton Bobbinsii Oakes.

Slow streams; rare and local.

Quakertown (L) ; Forks of Neshaminy (Ma).

ZannicheUia palustris L., var. major (Boen.) Koch.

Rhodora, xxiii. 110 (1921).

Brackish streams; infrequent along the Delaware River in
lower end.

Tullytown (L) ; Andalusia (L).

The typical species is the European plant with sessile or sub-
sessile fruits and with achenes 2-2.5 mm. long whereas the
variety which is the American form has the fruit definitely
pedicelled and the achenes are 2.5-3.5 mm. long.

Najas flexills (Willd.) Eostk. & Schmidt.

Ponds and streams; frequent.

Quakertown (L) ; Argus (L) ; Finland (B) ; Point Pleasant
(L) ; Tullytown (L) ; Andalusia (L).

Najas graciUima (A. Br.) Magnus.

Ponds and slow streams; local.

Quakertown (L) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Tullytown (C) ; Bristol
(P) (D).

JUNCAGINACEAE (arrow grass family)

[Schenchzeria palustris L.

In Keller and Brown's Handbook of the Flora of Philadel-
phia and Vicinity this plant is reported from Rockhill by Joseph
Crawford. Mr. Crawford claims that this is an error and de-
clares he never collected the plant in the County. Fernald con-
siders the American form of this plant as var. americanus.
Rhodora, xxv. 178 (1923).]

58

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Hydrocharitaceae

59

ALISMACEAE (water plantain family)

Sagittaria longirostra (M. Micheli) J. G. Sm.

Swamps and ponds ; rare.
Grenoble (L, August 19, 1910).

Sagittaria latif olia Willd. AaROW-iiEAr. Arrow-head.

Shallow ponds and streams, shores and marshes; common.

Narrowsville (J) ; Springfield (B) ; Point Pleasant (B) ;
Emilie (Dr) ; Tullytown (B) ; Andalusia (B).

Some of these specimens were collected on tidal mud. These
have narrower leaves and further study may prove them to be
a distinct variety.

Sagittaria latifolia WiUd., var. pubescens (Muhl.) J. G. Sm.

Similar situations as preceding; not common.
Spinnerstown (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Grenoble (L).

[Sagittaria Engelmanniana J. G. Sm.

Reported from the County by Porter. Exact locality not
known and no material extant to verify the record.]

Sagittaria heterophyUa Pursh.
(8, rigida Pursh.)

Shores of ponds and streams, preferring sandy or gravelly
soil ; locally abundant.

Finland (B) ; Perkasie (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Tohickon Creek
(F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Lumberville (L) ; Bristol (Dr) ;
Andalusia (L).

Sagittaria graminea Michx.

Muddy shores; frequent in lower end.

Penn Valley (B) ; Edgely (B) ; Bristol (M) (Bo) ; Anda-
lusia (W).

Sagittaria Eatoni J. G. Sm.

Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. xi. 150 (1899).
Tidal mud; rare.
Bristol (Dr) ; Andalusia (L).

Segregated from 8. graminea Michx., from which it differs by
having its anthers longer than the filaments.

Sagittaria subulata (L.) Buchenau.

Tidal shores of Coastal Plain; occasional.

Morrisville (L) ; Tullytown (B) ; Bristol (Dr) ; Andalusia
(F) (L).

Sagittaria lorata (Chapm.) Small.

(8. suhulata (L.) Buchenau., var. gracillima (Wats.)) J. G.
Sm.
N. A. Flora, xvii, 52 (1909).
Along streams; rare.
Bristol (D, no date on label).

Alisma subcordatum Eaf . Water Plantain.

(A. Plantago-aquatica of American authors.)

Rept. Comm. Parks & Boulv. Detroit, xi. 44 (1900).

Shallow pools and ditches; frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Finland (B) ; Argus (L) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; Lumberville (B) ; Oxford Valley (L) ; Bris-
tol (L).

HYDROCHARITACEAE (frog's bit family)

Elodea canadensis Michx.

Streams and ponds; occasional.

Point Pleasant (L) ; Ingham Springs, Solebury Township
(Bt) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Andalusia (L).

Elodea occidentalis (Pursh) St. John. Water-weed.

Rhodora, xxii. 27 (1920).

Similar situations as preceding; more common.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Nesha-
miny Falls (Ad) ; Grenoble (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Tullytown
(L) ; Bristol (L) ; Andalusia (L) ; (Sollidays Island).

In E. canadensis the leaves are oblong to ovate-oblong, mostly
obtuse and flowers are hermaphroditic, while in E. occidentalis
the leaves are linear and the plants are dioecious.

Valllsneria americana Michx. Eel Grass.

(F. spiralis L.) Rhodora, xx. 108 (1908).
Slow streams and ponds; locally abundant.
Monroe (Rr-R) ; Neshaminy Falls (Ad) ; Brownsburg (L) ;
Morrisville (B) ; Andalusia (L).

^x

60

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

GRAMINEAE (grass family)

♦Bromus secalinus L. Cheat. Chess.

Naturalized from Europe, recognized as a weed ; occasional.

Riegelsville (It-R) ; Rich Hill (L) ; SellersviUe (B) ; Telford
(Sm) ; Dublin (B) ; Tullytown (K).

[Bromus racemosus L.

Very rare in the United States and not known from Bucks
County. The old records of this species are referred to B, com-
mutatus.]

*Bromus commutatus Schrad.

{B. racemosus of Fretz's Flora.)

A weed of fields, roadsides and waste places ; naturalized from

Europe; frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Rich Hill (B) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Tullytown

(B); Croydon (K).

* Bromus tectorum L.

Naturalized from Europe; rather frequent.

Durham Furnace (R-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; SellersviUe (B) ;
Telford (B) ; Tullytown (K) ; Bristol (F) ; Croydon (K).

♦Bromus sterilis L.

A European introduction ; rare.
Telford (F) ; New Hope (Sn).

[Bromus ciliatus L.

This is a northern species and does not occur in Bucks County.
The material forming the basis of the Fretz records for Quaker-
town and Rockhill was undoubtedly B. purgans.]

Bromus purgans L. Beome-grass.

Dry to moist woods and thickets ; frequent.

Revere (V) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant Valley (L) ; Rockhill
(J) ; Rocky Ridge (V) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Tohickon Park (F) ;
LumbervUle (F) ; Brownsburg (B) ; Morrisville (B) ; Feaster-
ville (B).

I

^.^

^ i /»

f*

^f-^ v/ (^

^Ik

4^1 ^^

*^i

^>

m>

■^ r •^

L-

^>^ V

^a^^^^

a--

1

i

^y^ ^^»

M-i^^A

-v^- ^ H

Gramineae

61

Bromus latiglumis (Shear) Hitchcock.

(B. altissimus Pursh of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Alluvial banks and thickets ; not frequent.

Riegelsville (Bn) ; Finland (Bl) ; Argus (B) ; Brownsburg
(L) ; Washington's Crossing (L).

This is the plant with lower sheaths glabrous, but with the
upper ones more or less pubescent and the awns of the lemmas
4r-5 mm. long. It is often confused with B, incanus (Shear)
Hitchc, which has the lower sheaths more or less pubescent and
the upper ones pilose, densely so about the throat and with the
awns of the lemmas 5-8 mm. long. Wiegand regards this as a
form of B, latiglumis,

Rhodora, xxiv. 91 (1922). We have no Bucks County mate-
rial of the B, incanus type.

Bromus Kalmll Gray. Wild Chess.

Dry, or damp woods or open soil ; rare.
Revere (L) ; SellersviUe (F).

♦Festuca myuros L.
A European introduction; rare.
Rockhill (Br, June 19, 1892).

Festuca octoflora Walt.

Dry open woods and sterile banks ; very local.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Perka^ie (F) ;
SellersviUe (F) ; Emilie (B) ; (Tullytown) ; (Andalusia).

Festuca rubra L.

Sandy or gravelly soil ; rare.

Monroe (Rr-R, June, 1886) ; Kintnersville (Rr-R, June 10,

1899).

Festuca ovina L. Sheep's Fescue.

Sandy soil ; rare.

Andalusia (L, June 22, 1924).

This is the F, ovina duriuscula (L.) Koch, of Fretz 's Flora
where Martindale is credited with the record. This species is
more common northward, from where it has probably been
introduced.

. >

A'^

* P

62

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Festuca ovlna L., var. capillata (Lam.) Hack.

Distinguished from the preceding by its more slender leaves
and awnless lemmas.

Andalusia (L, June 22, 1924). * .

This is the only specimen of this variety from Pennsylvania
in the Philadelphia Botanical Club Herbarium.

*Festuca elatior L. Meadow Fescue.

Cultivated ground and waste places, introduced; not rare.

Monroe (R-R) ; Narrowsville (L) ; Richlandtown (L) ; Rich
Hill (L); Spinnerstown (L) ; Telford (B) ; Bycot (?); Buck-
ingham (K).

Festuca obtusa Spreng.

{F. nutans Spreng.)

Woods ; well distributed in upper end of County, never very

abundant at any station.

Monroe (R-R) ; Narrowsville (F) ; Upper Black Eddy (Pr) ;
Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Rich Hill (L) ; Milford
Square (L) ; Aquetong (Wi).

Glyceria melicaria (Michx.) Hub.

(G, Torreyana (Spreng.) Hitchc.)
Rhodora, xiv. 186 (1912).
Wet woods; rare.
Yardley (L) ; (Milford).

Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin. Eattlesnake Grass.

Borders of ponds, ditches, and swamps ; locally abundant.
Quakertown (F) ; RockhiU (B) ; Yardley (Dr) ; Turkey Hill
(L) ; Tullytown (B) ; (Bensalem).

Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. Fowl Meadow Grass.

{Glyceria nervata (Willd.) Trin.) Proc. Washington Biol.
Soc., xli. 157 (1928).

Wet places ; not infrequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; RockhiU (Br) ; Telford (B) ; Curley Hill
(B) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Yardley (Dr) ; Turkey Hill (L) ; Tully-
town (K).

'■■"^^

^vv^

^'^t'H tk

^ I ^

Gramineae

63

Glyceria grandis Wats. Reed Meadow Grass.

Wet soil; rare.
Monroe (Rr-R, June, 1885).

This specimen probably is the basis for the Durham (Twp.)
record.

Glyceria pallida (Torr.) Trin.

Shallow water, lower end of county ; rare.

Slickville (L) ; Tullytown (V) ; Edgely (L) ; Bristol (L) ;
Oxford Valley (L) ; (Quakertown); (Bensalem).

Glyceria plicata Fries.

((?. septentrionalis Hitchc).

Shallow stagnant water; probably more frequent than her-
barium material indicates.

Kintnersville (Dr) ; RockhiU (V) ; Milford Square (L) ; Tel-
ford (B) ; Buckingham (Dr) ; Fallsington (L).

Confused with G, fluitans (L.) R. Br. in Fretz's Flora.

Glyceria acutiflora Torr.

Pond holes in lower end; rare.

Fallsington (L) ; Slickville (L) ; Tullytown (F) (V).

*Poa annua L.

Naturalized in lawns, cultivated ground and waste places gen-
erally; common.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Springtown (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford
(B) ; Andalusia (L).

Flowers from late March to October.

*Poa compressa L. Canada Blue Grass.

Dry, open, rather sterile soil ; common.

Nockamixon (Ha) ; Shelly (F) ; Rockhill (F) ; Telford (Sm) ;
Aquetong (K).

Sometimes cultivated as a pasture grass.

[Poa palustris L.

(P. triflora Gilib.) Rhodora, xviii. 235 (1916).
Reported from Durham (R) but no authentic material could
be found to verify this record.]

^i^H-

^h"^^

64

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

*Poa pratensis L.

Fields, meadows and waste places ; abundant.

Monroe (Er-R) ; Ferndale (L) ; Rich Hill (L) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Morrisville (L).

Used extensively as a lawn grass. Also valuable for perma-
nent pastures.

*Poa trivialis L. Rough-stalked Meadow Geass.

Naturalized along roadsides, ditches and elsewhere, in damp
soil; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; SellersvUle (F) ; Telford (B) ; Sundale (L) ;
Buckingham (L) ; Yardley (L).

[Poa sylvestris Gray.

Reported from Nockamixon (6), but no specimen has been
found to cover this record.]

[Poa autnmnalis Miihl.

Recorded from Nockamixon (F) but the record remains un-
verified.]

Poa cuspidata Nutt.

(P. hrachyphylla Schult.) Rhodora, iv. 145 (1902).

Rocky or hilly woods and shaded cliffs ; not infrequent along
the Delaware River and its larger tributaries.

Monroe (L) ; Nockamixon (L) ; Pipersville (L) ; Rushland
(L) ; New Hope (L).

Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) BSP.

Sandy or muddy shores of the Delaware River; locally abun-
dant.

Kintnersville (Rr-R) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Lumberville (L) ;
Center Bridge (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Washington's Crossing
(Me) ; Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Bristol (Ma).

Eragrostis capiUarls (L.) Nees.

Rather dry, usually sandy or gravelly soil ; frequent.

Monroe (R) ; Narrowsville (Bn) ; Ottsville (B) ; Pleasant Val-
ley (B) ; Finland (L) ; Lumberville (L) ; Brownsburg (B) ;
Woodbourne (L).

T

m

W

4

*«*

»^i.

V ^

w.

R ^

tf

1 "

V]

1*^

*^i

Ftf*.

f

L r^

Gramineae

65

Eragrostis Frankii (Fisch., Mey. & LaU.) Steud.

Dry or damp sandy soil ; infrequent.

Monroe (R) ; Lumberville (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Washing-
ton's Crossing (Me) ; Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (L).

^Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beau v.

Open ground; sparingly introduced.

Monroe (R-R, September, 1885) ; Telford, along railroad (B,
October 1, 1921) ; (Sellersville).

Eragrostis caroUniana (Spreng.) Scribn.

(E, PurshU Schrad. of Manuals.)

Roadsides, fields, meadows and waste places ; frequent.

Kintnersville (Rr-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Point
Pleasant (F) ; Center Bridge (L) ; Washington's Crossing
(Me) ; Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (B) ; (Durham).

^Eragrostis perigrina Wiegand.

(E, pilosa var. condensata Hackel.) Rhodora, xix. 93 (1917)
and xxi. 133 (1919).

A weedy grass, its native land unknown; becoming frequent.

Quakertown (Bl) ; Rockhill (B) ; Doylestown (L) ; Carvers-
ville (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Lumberville (L) ; Woodbourne
(L); TuUytown (B).

^Eragrostis cilianensis (AU.) Link.

(E. megastachya (Koeler) Link.) Rhodora, xviii. 235 (1916).

Introduced along roadsides and in waste places; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown
(B) ; Washington's Crossing (L) ; Morrisville (Kr) ; Bridge-
water (B) ; Andalusia (Kj).

[Eragrostis minor Host.

(E, Eragrostis of authors.)

There is a Bensalem (Ma) record but no specimen has been
found to verify the record.]

Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Stead.

{E, pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. of Manuals.) Amer. Midland
Nat., X, 306 (1927).

66

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

•

Dry, usually sandy ground ; frequent.

Nockamixon (B) ; Quaker town (B) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Yard-
ley (Dr); Morrisville (Kr) ; Tullytown (Dr) ; Bristol (Dr).

[Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud., var. sparsihirsuta Farwell.

{E. pectinacea var. spectabilis of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Amer. Midland Nat., x. 306 (1927).

This is Farwell 's name for the plants with the smooth sheaths.
Fretz reports this variety from the County but all of our mate-
rial appears to be typical of the species rather than the variety.]

[Uniola laxa (L.) BSP.

Reported from Bristol (Ma) but no material has been found
in the local herbaria.]

*Dactylis glomerata L. Orchard Grass.

Meadows, fields, roadsides and waste places, naturalized from
Europe; common.

Springtown (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B).

♦Cynosunis cristatus L. Doo's Tail Grass.

Introduced with meadow and lawn mixtures ; rare.
In yard, Quakertown (Bl, July 4, 1921).

Triodia flava (L.) Hitchc. Tall Eedtop.

(Tricuspis sesleroides of Fretz 's Flora. Tridens flavus of
Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Dry or sandy slightly acid open soil ; frequent.

Monroe (R^R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Washington's
Crossing (Me) ; Morrisville (B) ; Emilie (B) ; Bristol (B).

•Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. Quack Grass. CJouch Grass.

Introduced along railroads, highways and in waste places;
probably much more frequent than collections indicate.

Kintnersville (Dr) ; Croydon (Dr).

•Secale cereale L. Rye.

Cultivated ground, waste places and thickets, but fails to per-
petuate itself ; not rare.

Thicket, Ringing Rocks Falls in Bridgeton Township (F, May
14, 1921).

Gramineae

67

mm

Elymus vlrginicus L. Wild Rye.

Stream banks and moist woods; frequent.
Beaver Creek (B) ; Finland (L) ; Neshaminy (L) ; Bridge
Valley (Dr) ; Bristol (B).

Elymus vlrginicus L., var. hirsutiglumis (Scribn.) Hitchc.

This variety is distinguished from the species by the hirsute
lemmas and glumes. Habitat like that of the species; frequent.

Point Pleasant (L) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Morris-
ville (B) ; Andalusia (L).

Elymus striatus Willd.

Wooded slopes, banks of streams and roadsides; occasional but
not very abundant at any station.

Nockamixon (L) ; Pipersville (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Wash-
ington's Crossing (Dr) ; Croydon (L).

Elymus riparius Wiegand.

(E. canadensis of Manual, in part.) Rhodora, xx. 81 (1918).

Alluvial flats and stream banlis ; common.

Beaver Creek (B) ; Passer (Wi) ; Argus (B) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Washington's Crossing (L) ; New-
portville (L) ; Bristol (B) ; Andalusia (L).

Eljrmus robustus Scribn. & J. G. Sm.

Dry sandy, or gravelly soil along the Delaware River; fre-
quent.

Most of our early reports of E. canadensis can be referred to
this species. According to Wiegand, Rhodora, xx, 88 (1918)
E. canadensis is a species of the Northeast and does not belong
in Bucks County.

Nockamixon (B) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Lumberville (L) ;
Washington's Crossing (Me); Tullytown (B) ; Bristol (C).

Asperella Hystrix (L.) Humb.

{Hystrix Hystrix of Fretz 's Flora, in part.

Hystrix patula Moench, in part.) Rhodora, xiv, 187 (1912).

Woods and thickets; not rare.

Point Pleasant (L) ; Grenoble (L) ; (Sellersville).

68

The Flora of Bucks County, Penmylvania

Gramineae

69

!l

AspereUa Hystrix (L.) Humb., var. Blegelovlana Fernald.

{Hystrix Hystrix of Pretz's Flora, in part.)

Rhodora, xxiv. 229 (1922).

A northern variety with pilose spikelets found in thickets
along the Delaware River. The species, which is typically a
more southern plant, occurs in the inland portions of the County.

NarrowsvHle (L) ; Brownsburg (Dr) ; Morrisville (L).

*Hordeum jubatum L. Squibkel-tail Geass.

An introduced weedy grass along roadsides and railroads and
in fields and waste places; occasional but becoming more fre-
quent. , ^ , . ,

Shelly (B) ; Quakertown' (F) ; Telford (B) ; Buckingham

(L).

*Hordeum pusUlum Nutt.

Sparingly introduced in our area from the West ; rare.
In ditch, Perkasie (F. L. Bassett, June 16, 1896.)
This material was erroneously labeUed H, nodosum (L) and
forms the basis of the Perkasie record for this species. There
is no H. nodosum material extant from Bucks County.

Triticum aestivum L. Wheat.

Fields and waste places as an escape but doubtfully persis-
tent for any considerable period of years ; rare.

Blooming Glen (L, July 31, 1923).

♦Lolium perenne L. Common Daenel.
Meadows, fields, lawns, etc. ; rare.
Monroe (Br-R) ; Springtown (L) ; Milford Square (L).
Probably introduced through grass seed.

*Loliimi multiflorum Lam. Italian Eye Grass.

Similar habitats as preceding species, also introduced ; rare.
Sellersville (F) ; Andalusia (L).

♦Lolium temulentum L. Beaeded Darnel.

A weed of grain fields and waste places ; rare.
Grain field, Fountainville (Gr, 1869).

SphenophoUs pennsylvanica (L.) Hatch.

(S. palustris (Michx.) Scribn. and Trisetum pennsylvanicum
(L.) Beauv.). Rhodora, xviii. 234 (1922).

Moist ground ; not common.

Buckwampum Mountain (Kr-R) ; Finland (L) ; Argus (F) ;
Yardley (L) ; (Milford); (Bensalem).

SphenophoUs ohtusata (Michx.) Scribn.

Thickets and dry, open soil ; rare.

Bursonville (R-R) ; Rockhill (F) ; Telford (Sm) ; (Anda-
lusia).

SphenophoUs nitida (Spreng.) Scribn.

Dry open soil and wooded slopes ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Pr) ; Revere (L) ; Otts-
ville (L) ; Finland (L) ; Spinner stown (L) ; Argus (F) ; Dublin
(L) ; Doylestown (Dr) ; Lahaska (L) ; Rushland (L) ; Grenoble
(L) ; Andalusia (M).

SphenophoUs paUens (Spreng.) Scribn.

Old fields, moist woods, wet cliffs and bogs; rather common.

Durham (R^R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Fo) ; Shelly (F) ; Spin-
nerstown (L) ; Telford (B) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown
(Dr) ; Glen Lake (F) ; Morrisville (L) ; Andalusia (L).

*Avena f atua L. Oats.

Waste land and sterile fields; rare.
Quakertown (A) ; Perkasie (F).

*Arrehnathenun elatius (L.) Beauv. Oat Grass.

Fields, meadows and waste places ; infrequent.
Milford Square (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Edison (Fo) ; Lang-
horne (F) (Bn).

Aira caespitosa L.

{Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv.)

Wet open soil ; rare.

Durham (R^R) ; Spinnerstown (L).

Aira flexuosa L. Hair Grass.

(Deschampsia flexuosa of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Dry situations; frequent.

70

The Flora af Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Gramineae

71

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Center Bridge (L) ; Washington's Crossing
(L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Croydon (K).

*Holcus lanatus L. Velvet Grass.

Fields, roadsides and meadows ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Pleasant Valley (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Tel-
ford (B) ; Morrisville (Dr).

Danthonia spicata (L.) Beau v.

Poor dry sandy or gravelly soil ; frequent.

Bursonville (Rr-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Rockhill (M) ; Perkasie
(F) ; Bycot (K) ; Turkey Hill (L).

Danthonia compressa Aust.

Dry open woods; rare.

Yardley (L, July 8, 1927) ; Fallsington (L, October 3, 1931).

Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Nutt.

(C. canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. of Gray's Manual ed. 7.)
Rhodora, xxiv. 142-143 (1922).

Marshes and wet ditches, locally abundant.

Monroe (Rr-R); Quakertown (B) ; Morrisville (L) ; TuUy-
town (L).

Calamagrostis cinnoides (Miihl.) Barton.

Moist thickets; rare.

Near Ringing Rocks (Rr-R) ; Yardley (Dr, Sept. 28, 1924)
(Fo-P, September 27, 1924).

*Agrostis stolonifera L., var. major (Gaudin) Farwell. Bent Grass.

(A, alba of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

A native of Europe which in recent years has been much used
on lawns and golf links. No material of the typical species is in
our collections from Bucks County but it is likely to be found
near estates and country clubs. It is a polymorphic species and
a number of varieties are known. For a treatment of A, stolon-
ifera and its varieties see *'Malte's Commercial Bent Grasses
(Agrostis) in Canada,'' in Annual Report, National Museum of
Canada, 105-126 (1926).

Naturalized from Europe ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Springtown (F) ; Rich Hill (L) ; Perkasie
(F) ; Bycot (K) ; Bristol (B) (Dr).

All of this material has the ligule of the lower and middle
leaves 2-5 mm. long and rounded at the apex. The Rhode

«

Island bent grass (var. vulgaris of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, also
known as A. capillaris L.) has the ligule of the lower and middle
leaves 0.5-1.3 mm. long and truncate at apex. No herbarium
material of this latter variety from the County was discovered,
although the Bristol material seems to approach this variety.

Agrostis antecedens BickneU.

Bui. Torr. Bot. Club, xxxv. 473 (1908).

Dry fields and roadsides ; not frequent.

Telford (B) ; Morrisville (L) ; Turkey Hill (L) ; Tullytown
(B).

A segregate from A, kyemalis from which it differs in the
branches of the panicle arising well above the middle and in
having smaller spikelets more clustered at the ends of the branch-
lets. It begins to bloom in May while A. hyemalis rarely blooms
before July.

[Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) BSP.

Eeported from the County but no material has been found.
It has a scattered distribution and its nearest known occurrence
to our area is at Willow Grove, Montgomery County.]

Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm. Thin Grass.

Shaded damp places or in low open ground ; common.

Wyker's Island (R-R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Finland (L) ;
Rockhill (B) ; Brownsburg (B) ; Bristol (B).

A specimen gathered in a thicket, Yardley (Dr, September
28, 1924) approaches var. elata of Gray's Manual, ed. 7. (A.
altissima Tuckerm.)

Agrostis Schweinitzii Trin.

Moist woods and thickets ; occasional.

Perkasie (A) ; Grenoble (L) ; Yardley (Dr) ; Morrisville
(B) ; Turkey Hill (B) ; Tullytown (B) ; Newportville (B).

A segregate from A. pernnans. It is characterized by its weak
or decumbent culms and lax blades.

MMHPKx

'tr-,^" "■•'w^'^i^v^E^^/''

72

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Gramineae

73

tSl

Cinna anindlnacea L.
Moist shaded ground ; frequent in lower end, rather local else-

^ Wyker's Island (K^R) ; Quakertown (Pr) ; Finland (L) ;
Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Yardley (B) ; Fallsington (L) ;
TuUytown (B) ; Newportville (B) ; Andalusia (L).

Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. Floatinq Foxtail.

{A geniculatus L., var. aristulatus Torr.)

Bui. N. Y. State Mus. ccliv. 94 (1924).

Roadside ditches and marshes ; rare.

Two miles south of Morrisville (Dr, May 29, 1926).

This country is very flat and although the label data does not
give complete information, it most likely occurred in a roadside
ditch.

[Polypogon Monspeliensis (L.) Desf .

In the County according to Dr. Thomas C. Porter but no
material to cover this record could be found.]

Phleum pratense L. Timothtt.

Fields, meadows and roadsides, escaped from cultivation;

frequent. ,^ , . .,, .

Monroe (E.-R) ; Shelly (B) ; Telford (B) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ;

Oxford Valley (B).

Muhlenbergia sobolif era (MUhl.) Trin.

Dry rocky wooded slopes and gravelly hillsides; not frequent.

Monroe (Rr-B) ; Beaver Creek (B) ; SellersviUe (B) ; Lumber-
ville (L) ; Grenoble (L).

Muhlenbergia sylvatica Torr.

Moist woods and shaded banks ; infrequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Revere (L) ; Beaver Creek (B) ; Haycock
Mountain (B) ; Shelly (B) ; Finland (B) ; Argus (L) ; (Sellers-
viUe).

Muhlenbergia tenulflora (Willd.) BSP.
Moist rocky and wooded slopes ; rare.
Near Ottsville (L, September 19, 1931) ; (Haycock).

Muhlenbergia f ollosa Trin.

Moist thickets, marshes and along ditches usually in sparse

colonies ; rare and local.
Monroe (R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Finland (L) ; Almont

(L); Morrisville (L). .

Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin.

A weedy grass of fields, meadows and waste places; common.
Durham Furnace (B) ; Beaver Creek (B) ; Pleasant Valley
(B)- RockhiU (B); SellersviUe (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ;
Doylest«wn (B) ; Bridge VaUey (Dr) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Wash-
ington's Crossing (Me) ; MorrisviUe (B) ; Penns Manor (B) ;
TuUytown (B).
Muhlenbergia racemosa (Miehx.) BSP.

Moist lowlands in upper part of county ; infrequent.

Pleasant VaUey (B) ; Argus (L) ; Finland (L) .

A northern species nearing its southern limits here.

Muhlenbergia Schreberl J. F. Gmel. Nimble Will. Deopsebd.
Open woods, fields and waste places ; not rare.
Durham (Wte) ; Quakertown (B) ; Telford (B) ; Grenoble
(L) ; Penns Park (L) ; Yardley (Dr).

Sporobolus asper (Miehx.) Kunth.

Generally on rather dry, sandy soU ; rare.
NarrowsviUe (J, September 5, 1896).

Sporobolus vaginillorus (Torr.) Wood.

Dry fields, roadsides, railroads and waste places; occasional.

Monroe (R-R) ; Quakertown (Bl-G) ; Argus (L) ; SeUersviUe
(F) ; Telford (Sm) ; Traymore (L).

•Heleochloa schoenoldes (L.) Host.
An adventive from Europe usually found in waste places;

KintnersviUe (R-R, September 20, 1897) ; (Bensalem).

DUepyrum erectum (Schreb.) Farwell.

{Brachyelytrum erectum of Gray's Manual, 3d. 7.) Amer.
Mid.Nat.viii. 33 (1922).

74

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Rocky woods and ravines ; rare.

Narrowsville (L) ; Rockhill (Bl) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Sun-
dale (L) ; Buckmanville (L).

Oryzopsis racemosa (Sm.) Bicker.

Rocky woods; rare.

Ringing Rocks (R-R) ; Rocky Valley, near Passer (Pr) •
RockhiU (W).

Stipa avenacea L. Black Oat Grass.
Dry soil ; rare.
Durham Furnace (Ws, June 9, 1929) ; (Andalusia).

Aristida dichotoma Michx. Poverty Geass.

Sterile soil, usually in sandy fields or roadsides ; occasional.

Bursonville (R-R) ; Telford (B) ; Roelofs (L) ; Morrisville
(B); Bristol (B) (Dr).

Aristida longespica Poir.

{A, gracilis Ell.) Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. xxii. 539 (1924).
Dry usually sandy soil ; not common.
Rockhill (F) ; Finland (L) ; Roelofs (L).

[Aristida purpurascens Poir.
Usually occurs in sandy or gravelly soil.

Point Pleasant is a record but not covered by any herbarium
material.]

*Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Goose Grass.

A weedy grass of waste places and cultivated ground-
frequent. '

Monroe (R-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Morrisville
(Me); Penn Valley (C).

[Cynodon Dactylon (L.) Pers. Bermuda Grass.

Reported from Bristol, but no material was found to cover
this record.]

Spartina Michauxiana Hitchc. Cord Grass.
River shore; rare and local.
Wyker's Island (R-R) ; Bristol (B).

^u

«p^

'•l^

Gramineae

75

[Spaztina cynosnroides (L.) Both.

Eeported from Durham (R) ; As thie species occurs only in
salt and brackish marshes this record cannot be valid. It is
probably based on the preceding species but no material was
found to prove this.]

•Anthoxanthuin odoratum L. Sweet Veenal Grass.
Fields, meadows and waste places ; frequent.
Monroe (Kr-R) ; Buckwampum Mountain (B) ; Milford Square
(L) ; Telford (B) ; Dublin (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Grenoble
(L).'
[Phalaris canarlensls L. Canary Grass.

This grass is generally found in our range in waste places and
on garbage dumps springing from waste bird seed but does not
seem to maintain itself for any length of time. We have no
herbarium material from the County although it is reported from
Sellersville and Bensalem.]
Phalaris anindlnacea L. Eeed Canary Grass.

Moist soil ; common. m i« j

Monroe (R^R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Shelly (B) ; Telford
(B) ; Morrisville (L) ; Andalusia (L).
Leersia virginica Willd. White Grass.

Moist shaded places ; frequent.

Monroe (R^R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Beaver Creek
(B) : Springtown (We) ; Quakertown (B) ; Point Pleasant (L);
Buckingham (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Penns Park (L) ; Wood-
bourne (L); Washington's Crossing (Me); Yardley (Dr) ;
Morrisville (B) ; (Sellersville).

Leerela oryzoldes (L.) Sw. Bice Cut^irass.

Wet, open soil ; frequent. .

Monroe (R^R) ; Shelly (B) ; Quakertown (B) ; Springtown
(We) ; Perkasie (B) (F) ; Telford (B) ; Yardley (Dr) ; Oxford
Valley (B) ; Morrisville (Dr).

Zizanla aquatica L. Wiu>Eice.

{Z. pdustris L. of Fretz's Flora.) Rhodora, xxvi, lo3

(1924).

76

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Boggy borders of streams, sloughs and swamps; common in
Coastal Plain districts.

Tullytown (F) ; Scott's Creek (B) ; Bristol (B).

Digitaria flliformls (L.) Koeler.
Dry or sterile soil ; rare.
Monroe (Rr-R) ; Argus (K) ; Roelofs (L) ; Tullytown (B).

*Digitaria Ischaemum Schreb. Finger Grass.

(Z>. humifusa Pers.) Rhodora, xviii. 231 (1916).

Introduced on cultivated and waste ground; becoming more
frequent.

Neshaminy (Mc) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Morrisville (B) ; Yard-
ley (L) ; Andalusia (Kr).

*Dlgitaria sanguinaUs (L.) Scop. Crab Grass.

A weedy plant in cultivated and waste ground; common.

Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Nesha-
miny (Mc) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Yardley (L) ; Mor-
risville (B) ; Fallsington (L) ; Andalusia (Dr).

Paspalum setaceum Michx.

Dry sandy soil ; rare.

Turkey Hill (B, Aug. 24, 1920).

Paspalnm pubescens Muhl.

Dry or moist open ground or open woods ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Rocky Valley, near
Passer (Pr) ; Three Mile Run (Pr) ; Almont (B) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Telford (B) ; Aquetong (L) ; Grenoble (L) ; Morrisville
(B); Bristol (F).

Paspalum Muhlenbergii Nash.

Sandy soil and fields ; rare.
Tullytown (Sn, September 20, 1930).

Perhaps only a phase of P. puhescens. It is the glabrous form
with wider leaves (7-10 mm.) and is less frequent with us.

Paspalum laeve Michx.

Open soil and thickets; rare.

East of Tullytown along Scott's Creek (B, Sept. 1, 1921).

.rf<.

4

•• 1

» *

w«L^.

.L.

ut tH,« ^

J,- 1

V*

».

*;

>

I

Gramineae

77

Paspalum longipilum Nash.

(P. plenipilum Nash.) Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb., xxvii, pt. 1,
182 (1929).

Damp sandy soil of the Coastal Plain ; rare and local.

Penn Valley (B) ; Bristol (L).

Paspalum circulare Nash.

Fields, meadows and waste ground ; frequent.

Monroe (R^R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Perkasie (Pr) ; Sellers-
ville (F) ; Doylestown (R-R) ; Grenoble (L) ; Morrisville (L) ;
Emilie (B) ; Roelofs (L) ; Tullytown (F).

Panicum verrucosum Muhl.

Moist sandy soil of Coastal Plain; locally abundant.
Morrisville (B) ; Fallsington (L) ; Bristol (L).

Panicum capillare L. Old-witch Grass.

Sandy soil, cultivated fields, roadsides and waste places as a
weed; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Beaver Creek (B) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Telford
(B) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Center Bridge (L) ; Washington's Cross-
ing (Me) ; Morrisville (Dr) ; Tullytown (B).

Panicum Gattingeri Nash.

Gravelly fields and waste places ; becoming frequent.
Finland (L) ; Lumberville (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Wrights-
town (B) ; Morrisville (Fo-P) ; Fallsington (L).

Panicum flexile (Gattinger) Scribn.

Boggy meadows in northern part of County ; very local.
Pleasant Valley (B) ; Quakertown (Bl) ; Finland (L).

Panicum philadelphicum Bernh.

Dry open woods, fields, meadows and roadsides ; frequent.

Nockamixon (P) ; Beaver Creek (B) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ;
Quakertown (A) ; Rockhill (F) ; Perkasie (F) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Telford (B) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Penns Park (L) ; Fallsing-
ton (L).

>'H

•^1^'

78

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Gramineae

79

Panicum dichotomiflorum Kichx.

(P. proliferum of Fretz^s Flora.)

Moist soil in open woods, fields, meadows and waste places;

frequent.

Monroe (R^R) ; Beaver Creek (B) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ;
Sellersville (F) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Yardley (Me) ;
Tullytown (B).

Panicum virgatnm L. Switch Grass.

Dry or moist open soil and open woods; frequent, especially
along the Delaware River.

Wyker's Island (Rr-R) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Brownsburg
(L) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Yardley (L) ; Morrisville
(Ba) ; Penns Manor (B) ; Tullytown (L) ; Bristol (Dr) (F) ;
Andalusia (L).

Panicum longif oUum Torr.

Moist sandy soil on the Coastal Plain where it is frequent.

Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Fallsington (L) ; Roelofs (L) ;
Bristol (D).

Panicum agrostoides Spreng.

Wet meadows and shores ; frequent.

Wyker's Island (R-R) ; Quakertown (B) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Telford (B) ; Point Pleasant (P) ; Brownsburg (B) ; Fallsing-
ton (L); Bristol (B).

Panicum stipitatum Nash.

A coarse grass growing in clumps in moist open soil ; rare and
local.

Quakertown (Pr) ; Scott's Creek near Tullytown (B).

The Quakertown occurrence is in a long abandoned clay dig-
ging. It may be an introduction there.

Panicum anceps Michx.

(P. rostratum Muhl.)
Moist open soil ; infrequent.

Durham (We); Pleasant Valley (B) ; Sellersville (B) ;
Morrisville (B) ; Bristol (L).

Panicum depauperatum Muhl.

Dry woods and slopes; frequent.
Sellersville (P) ; Turkey Hill (L).

Panicum linearif olium Scribn.

Dry wooded slopes and thickets ; frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Narrowsville (L) ; Revere (L) ; Wormans-
ville (L); Finland (L) ; Rockhill (V) (M) ; Perkasie (F) ;
Sellersville (F) ; Argus (F).

Panicum linearif olium Scribn., var. Werneri (Scribn.) Fernald.

(P. Werneri Scribn.) Rhodora, xxiii. 195 (1921).
Distinguished from the species by its glabrous sheaths ; habitat
is the same ; rare.

Pipersville (L, July 17, 1927).

Panicum dichotomum L.

(Includes P. harhulatum Michx. of Fretz's Flora.)

Dry to moist open woods, thickets, meadows and banks;
common.

Revere (L) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Rockhill (M) ; Argus (F) ;
New Britain (B) ; Buckingham (L) ; Bycot (K) ; Lahaska (L) ;
Yardley (L) ; Turkey Hill (L) ; Tullytown (K) ; Bristol (F).

The two species are combined here because they do not seem to
warrant division.

>>

y«

Panicum yadkinense Ashe.

Reported by Taylor in ' ' Flora of the Vicinity of New York,
page 111 (1915) as occurring near Sellersville. His basis for
this record is a sheet of this species in the herbarium of the New
York Botanical Garden collected by Dr. C. D. Fretz, near Argus,
on Oct. 5, 1899. Dr. Fretz 's address, Sellersville, is printed at
the bottom of the label and the relative proximity of Argus to
Sellersville is probably the reason why Dr. Taylor quotes the
record as **from near Sellersville."

This species is not represented from Bucks County in the local
herbaria.

Panicum lucidum Ashe.

Sphagnous meadow, Morrisville (L, September 27, 1924, and
June 23, 1927).

80

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Gramineae

81

Panicnm microcarpon Muhl.

(P. larhvZatum of American authors, not Michx.) Cont. U. S.
Nat. Herb, xv, 191 (1910).

Moist, usually shaded ground ; not rare.

Buckingham (Dr) ; Morrisville (Dr) ; Fallsington (L) ; Emilia
(Dr) ; Turkey Hill (L) ; Tullytown (F) ; Bristol (F) ; (Penn
Valley).

[Panicnm annnlum Ashe.

Reported from Bucks County in Taylor's ''Flora of the
Vicinity of New York,'' page 112 (1915). His basis for this
record is a sheet in the herbarium of the New York Botanical
Garden collected by E. P. Bicknell in *' peaty soil in low open
ground at Penn Valley, on May 30, 1899." The specific name
is in the handwriting of George V. Nash, to whose collection the
specimen formerly belonged. The material is too immature for
definite diagnosis and the habitat is not that of this species. The
material strongly suggests P. microcarpon as does also the
habitat.]

Panicnm Lindheimeri Nash.

(P. nitidum Lam. of Fretz's Flora.)
Dry open places or open woods ; not rare.
Rocky Ridge (V); Perkasie (B) ; SoUiday's Island (F) ;
Turkey Hill (L) ; Bristol (Dr).

Panicnm Lindheimeri Nash., var. f asciculatnm (Torr.) Fernald.

(A combination of P. huachucae Ashe and P. tennesseense
Ashe. Rhodora, xxiii. 223 (1921). Probably includes P. unci-
phyllum of Fretz's Flora.)

Dry or damp open ground or borders of woods ; common.

Kintnersville (Dr) ; Revere (V) (L) ; Applebachville (L) ;
Shelly (F) ; Rockhill (F) ; Rocky Ridge (V) ; Trumbauersville
(B) ; Argus (B) (F) ; Perkasie (F) ; Sellersville (B) ; Farm
School (B) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Buckingham (Dr) ; Bycot (K) ;
Carversville (L) ; Washington's Crossing (Dr) ; Morrisville
(Dr) ; Tullytown (F).

All the P. tennesseense of Gray's Man., ed. 7, found in the
Bucks County series is referable to this variety. Much of the

P. tennesseense material found in New York and New England
comes under P. Lindheimeri Nash, var. septentrionale Fernald,
but this variety has not been detected in our area. Our so-called
P. tennesseense is probably only a shade form.

[Panicnm lanuginosum EU.

A Coastal Plain species reported from Rockhill by Fretz. The
material on which this record was based is P. Lindheimeri, var.
fasciculatum (Torr.) Fernald.]

Panicnm longilignlatnm Nash.

Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb, xv, 207-208 (1910).

A single specimen collected at Bristol (Dr) on old gravel
workings, Sept. 14, 1924, has been identified as this species by
Agnes Chase. This has been described as a southern species
and seems very far out of its range in Bucks County. The
same locality was visited by Bayard Long and the writer on July
1, 1931, and July 13, 1931, and additional material was col-
lected on both dates.

Panicnm albemarlense Ashe.

Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb, xv, 212 (1910).
Moist sandy woods or open grounds ; rare.
Woodbourne (J) ; Yardley (L) ; Roelofs (L).

Panicnm sphaerocarpon EU.

Dry sandy and gravelly situations ; frequent.

Passer (Wi) ; Brick Tavern (Ha) ; Rockhill (B) ; Argus (F) ;
Point Pleasant (L) ; Buckingham (L) ; Turkey Hill (L) ; Tully-
town (F); Bristol (B).

Panicnm polyanthes Schultes.

Moist soil ; rare.

Ringing Rocks (R-R) ; Fallsington (L) ; Tullytown (F).

This species approaches its northern limits in Bucks County.

[Panicnm commntatnm Schultes.

Reported in Fretz 's Flora from Rockhill. No herbarium
material found to cover this record.]

82

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Panicum Ashei Pearson.

Dry, mostly rocky woods ; not common.

Lumberville (L) ; Lahaska (L) ; Buckingham (L) ; Jericho
Hill (L).

Panicum Scribnerianum Nash.

Dry or moist soil in open woods, fallow fields and roadsides;
infrequent or local.

Nockamixon (R-R) ; Solidays Island (F) ; Carversville (L) ;
Point Pleasant (L) ; Lahaska (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Washing-
ton's Crossing (Dr) ; Morrisville (Kr) ; Tullytown (B).

[Panicum xanthophysum Gray.

A northern variety reported from Tullytown by Porter. No
material has been found to verify this record, therefore the spe-
cies is excluded.]

Panicum clandestinum L.

(Includes P. decoloratum Nash.)
Moist places and thickets ; rather frequent.
Monroe (R-R) ; Rockhill (K) ; Rocky Ridge (W) ; Perkasie
(F) ; Argus (F) ; Turkey Hill (L) ; Tullytown (K) ; Bristol (F).

Panicum Boscii Poir.

(P. Porterianum Nash.)
Dry woods and thickets ; rather local.

Monroe (R-R) ; Revere (W) ; Rockhill (V) (F) (J) ; Argus
(F); Bristol (F).

Panicum Boscii Poir., var. moUe (Vasey) Hitchc. & Chase.

(P. puhifolium Nash.)

Same habitat and frequency as species.

Riegelsville (R^-R) ; Narrowsville (L) ; Carversville (L) ;
Buckingham (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; (Durham).

Panicum latif olium L.

(P. macrocarpon Le Conte.)

Dry or moist open woods or thickets ; rather local.
Rockhill (K) (F) ; Deep Run, near Tohickon Park (F) ; New
Britain (B).

I )|. l.illi— UliWIilWII'rMWl

Gramineae

83

*Echinochola crusgaUi (L.) Beauv. Babnyard Grass.

(E, Crv^galli, in part, of Fretz's Flora.)
Fields, barnyards and waste places ; common.
Brownsburg (L) ; Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Bristol (B) ;
Andalusia (Dr).

Itchinocliloa muricata (Michx.) Fernald.

{E. CrusgaUi, in part, of Fretz's Flora.) Rhodora, xxiii.
57 (1921).

Alluvial meadows and other low ground ; frequent.

Monroe (Er-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Haycock Mountain (B) ;
Shelly (B) ; Telford (B) ; Lumberville (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ;
Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (L) ;
Turkey Hill (B).

Setaria geniculata Beauv.

(8, imherhis of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Moist soil ; frequent.

Pleasant Valley (B) ; Quakertown (B) ; SeUersville (F) ;
Buckingham (L) ; Morrisville (B) ; Penns Manor (B) ; Bris-
tol (L).

According to Hitchcock, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb., xxii, 168
(1920), our plant is inseparable from the widely distributed
tropical 8, geniculata.

♦Setaria lutcscens ( Weigel) Hub. Foxtail Grass.

(8. glauca of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xviii, 232

(1916).

Naturalized in cultivated ground and waste places ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Telford (B) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Neshaminy
(Mc) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Yardley (Me).

*Setaria verticillata (L.) Beauv.

Naturalized about dwellings and in waste places, infrequent.
SeUersville (F) ; Bristol (B) ; (Bensalem Township).

^Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. Green Foxtail Grass.

Established in cultivated soil, about dwellings and in waste
places ; frequent.

SeUersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Bristol (L).

84

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

♦Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. Millet.

Escaped from cultivation and established in fields and waste
places; occasional.

Perkasie (F, July, 1881, and August 30, 1898).

[Cenchros trlbnloides L.

This grass occurs in sand along the seacoast and was errone-
ously reported from Bucks County by Fretz.]

Cenclirus pauciflorus Benth. Sandbur.

(C. caroUnianus Walt, of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, in part.)
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, xxii, pt. 1, 67 (1920).

Dry sandy open soil ; rare.

Monroe (Er-R) ; Kintnersville (Rr-R) ; Penn Valley (B).

^Miscanthns sinensis Anderss.

A native of the Far East often found in cultivation ; rare as
an escape.

Morrisville (Dr, September 28, 1924).

Erianthus saccharoides Michx.

Moist ground ; rare.
Andalusia (Ma, September, 1864.)

In Fretz 's Flora this specimen is quoted under E, compactus
which is here not regarded as specifically distinct.

Andropogon scoparlus Michx. Beard Grass.

Old fields, roadsides and thickets ; locally abundant but rarely
collected.

Monroe (R-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Lumber-
ville (L).

Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) BSP.

Moist sandy soil of Coastal Plain ; local.

Fallsington (L, September 3, 1931); Bristol (F, October 14,
1898).

Andropogon virginicus L.

Dry or moist open ground ; frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Roelofs (L) ; Morrisville
(Dr) ; TuUytown (F) ; Bristol (F) ; (Quakertown) ; (Upper
Makefield Township).

Cyperaceae

85

Andropogon furcatus Muhl.

Dry or moist open usually sandy soil; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Argus' (K) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ;
Plumsteadville (Dr) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Bridge Valley (Dr) ;
Brownsburg (B).

Sorghastmm nutans (L.) Nash.

Dry open soil ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Finland (L) ; Almont (L) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Point Pleasant (L) ; Neshaminy (Me) ; Emilie (Dr).

[Sorglmm halapense (L.) Pers.

Reported from Bucks County by Dr. Porter but no material
has been found to cover his record.]

CYPERACEAE (sedge family)

Cypems flavescens L.

Damp soil ; not rare.

Kintnersville (Rr-R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Finland (B) ;
Turkey Hill (B) ; Andalusia (Ma).

Cypems diandrus Torr.

Low sandy or mucky soil, and in meadows ; frequent.

Quakertown (Bl-G) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (F) ;
Lumberville (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Tullytown (Dr).

Cypems rivularis Kunth.

Damp shores and meadows ; frequent.

Riegelsville (L) ; Ottsville (B) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Rock-
hill (Br) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Chalfont (L) ; Lum-
berville (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Holland (B) ; Yardley (L) ;
Morrisville (L) ; Tullytown (L) ; Bristol (Dr) ; Andalusia (L).

Cypems arlstatus Eottb.

Gravelly or muddy shores; known only along the Delaware
River.

Monroe (R-R) ; Point Pleasant (B) (F) ; Lumberville (L) ;
Brownsburg (L) ; Washington's Crossing (L) ; Yardley (L) ;
Morrisville (L).

86

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Cypems dentatus Torr.

Sandy shores along the Delaware River ; locally abundant.

Wyker's Island (R) ; Point Pleasant (B) (L) (F) ; Lumber-
ville (L) ; Yardley (Me) ; Bristol (F) ; Andalusia (L) ; (Dur-
ham).

Cyperus esculentus L. Yellow Nut Grass.

Low open soil, often in cultivated fields ; common.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Plumsteadville (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ;
Brownsburg (L) j Washington's Crossing (Me); Yardley (L).

Cyperus stxigosus L.

Low open soil near streams ; common.

Riegelsville (L) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Tel-
ford (B) ; Edison (Bt) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Langhorne (L)
Point Pleasant (L) ; Center Bridge (L) ; Brownsburg (L)
Washington's Crossing (L) ; Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (Dr)
Bristol (F) ; Penns Manor (B) ; Eddington (B).

C. strigosus, var. rohustior Kunth. is included with the species.
The Bristol specimen was placed under this variety by Fretz.
A slight difference in the length of the spikelet is scarcely suffi-
cient difference to give it varietal rank.

Cyperus lancastriensis Porter.

Low open soil ; rare.

Tullytown (F, September 16, 1898).

Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr.

Sandy, often rather dry soil ; not common.
Buckingham (L) ; Brownsburg (B) ; Morrisville (L) ; Tully-
town (F).

Cyperus filiculmis Yahl.

Dry sterile soil, sometimes on ballast; rare.

Quakertown (Bl) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; (New Hope) ; (Malta
Island).

Cyperus fiUculmis Vahl., var. macilentus Fernald.

Same habitat as species ; more frequent on the Coastal Plain.

Morrisville (B) ; Turkey Hill (B) ; Tullytown (B) ; Bristol
(B) ; Andalusia (Dr).

Cyperaceae

87

DulicMum arundinaceum (L.) Brltton.

Bogs, shallow ponds and shores; locally abundant.

Monroe (R-R) ; Revere (R-R) ; Finland (L) ; Weisel (B) ;
Morrisville (B) ; Tullytown (Dr) ; Bristol (St).

Eleocharis oUvacea Torr.

Muddy shores and boggy places ; rare.
Morrisville (Dr) ; Tullytown (B) ; Bristol (Dr).

Eleocharis diandra C. Wright.

Sandy or muddy shores ; rare and local on the tidal mud flats
along the Delaware River in the lower end of the County.

Tullytown (L) (B) ; Andalusia (L).

Elocharis obtusa (WiUd.) Schultes. Spike Rush.

Wet soil ; common throughout.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Brick Tavern (Ha) ; Telford (B) ; Plum-
stead (Ma) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Brownsburg (B) ; Yardley
(Dr) ; Morrisville (Dr) ; Bristol (B) (F) (Dr).

Elocharis Engelmanni Steud.

Wet ground and muddy shores ; local and not very plentiful.

Nockamixon (R-R); Perkasie (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Bristol
(Dr)(Bo).

Elocharis palustris (L.) E. & S.

Wet grassy places or in water ; occasional.

Perkasie (F) ; Tullytown (Dr).

Distinguished from the next by its elongate tubercles which
are much longer than broad; achenes are 1.2-2.1 mm. long, nar-
rowly obovoid or pyrif orm ; stem terete.

Eleocharis Smallii Britten.

{E. palustris, var. glaucescens of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Similar situations as preceding species occasional.

Rockhill (P) ; Sellersville (V).

Tubercles are depressed-deltoid, or broad-ovate, as broad or
broader than long achenes 1.2-1.6 mm. long, roundish or obovoid ;
culms wiry, subterete.

88

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

i

Eleocharis acicularis (L.) E. & S.

Ditches and muddy shores ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Yardley (L) ; Tully-
town (Dr) ; Edgely (B).

Eleocharis capitata (L.) E. Br.

(E. tenuis of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, and Fretz's Flora. In-
cludes E, acuminata of Fretz's Flora.) Rhodora, xx. 24 (1918).

Wet open soil ; frequent.

Buckwampum Mountain (Rr-R) ; Brick Tavern (Ha) ; Finland
(F) ; Rockhill (M) (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Neshaminy (Mc).

Eleocharis intermedia (Muhl.) Schultes.

"Wet shores ; rare.

Point Pleasant (F, September 4, 1899) ; Eddington (L).

StenophyUns capillaris (L.) Britten.

Sandy soil and ballast; frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Derstine Station (B) ; Yard-
ley (L); Bristol (B).

Fimbristylls mncronulata (Michx.) Blake.

(F, autumnalis of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xx. 24-
25 (1918).

Low moist soil ; frequent.

Bursonville (R-R) ; Finland (L) ; SeUersville (B) ; Point
Pleasant (B) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Yardley (Dr) ; Oxford Val-
ley (B).

Scirpus planif olius Muhl.

Dry open woodlands ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Nockamixon (M) ; Ottsville (L) ; Sundale
(L) ; Milford Square (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Rockhill (F) ;
New Britain (Gr) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Rushland (V).

Scripus debilis Pursh.

Wet meadows and shores; rare.
Perkasie (B) ; Plumstead (F).

Scirpus Smithii Gray.

Tidal mud flats ; infrequent.
Tullytown (L) ; Andalusia (?).

I

Cyperaceae 89

Scirpus Smithii Gray, var. setosus Fernald.

Inland swamps but not on tidal shores ; rare.
Morrisville (Dr, September 13, 1925).

Scirpus americanus Pers.

Swamps, marshes and moist shores; probably more common
and general in its distribution than the following collections
would suggest.

Point Pleasant (P) ; Washington's Crossing (L) ; Yardley
(L) ; Tullytown (B) ; Bristol, on tidal mud (Dr) ; Andalusia

(L).

Scirpus validus Vahl. Gebat Bulrush.

(8, lacustris L. of Fretz's Flora.)

Margins of ponds and streams, also in marshes ; frequent.
Monroe (R^R) ; Argus (F) ; Grenoble (L) ; Bristol (B) ;
(Sellersville).

Scirpus rubrotinctus Fernald.

Damp or marshy soil ; rare.
Morrisville (L) ; Tullytown (F)(J).

Scirpus sylvaticus L.

Swamps and shores of ponds and streams; infrequent.
Monroe (R) ; Durham Township (F) ; Kintnersville (Dr).

Scirpus atrovirens Muhl.

Meadows, swamps and ditches ; could probably be found more
generally.

Monroe (R-R) ; Shelly (F) ; Rockhill (F) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ;

Bristol (B).

Scirpus atrovirens Muhl., var. georgianus (Harper) Fernald.

{8. georgianus Harper.) Rhodora, xxiii. 134 (1921).

Similar situations as species, or somewhat drier ones; not
frequent.

Telford (Sm) ; Doylestown (B) ; Penns Manor (B).

Scirpus polyphyUus Vahl.

Swampy ground ; rare and local.

Monroe (R-R) ; Brick Tavern (Ha) ; Yardley (L).

90

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Cyperaceae

91

i

H

;'

Scirpus lineatus Miichx.

Koadsides and damp fields ; rare and local.

Rocky Ridge (B) ; Almont (L) ; Argus (F) ; Telford (B) ;
Fallsington (B).

This species was not listed in Fretz's Flora. It has a wide
and scattered distribution occurring usually in moist calcareous
soil. Locally it appears to be of comparatively recent introduc-
tion. The earliest specimen in the collection of the Philadelphia
Botanical Club was collected in southern New Jersey in 1908.
The earliest specimen from Bucks County is dated 1915 and it
is noteworthy that almost all of the Bucks County material was
collected along roadsides.

Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth. Wool Geass.

Marshy places ; common.

Monroe (R) ; Revere (L) ; Haycock Mountain (Mc) ; Shelly
(B); Quaker town (Pr)(F); Rockhill (F) ; Lumberville (B) ;
Morrisville (Dr) ; TuUytown (Dr) ; Bristol (B) ; Andalusia (B).

Scirpus Cyperinus (L.) Kunth, var. peUus Fernald.

A variety which is typically northern ; rare.
Monroe (R, July 30, 1884).

Several of the specimens from the upper districts listed under
the typical species may be regarded as approaching this variety.

Scirpus Eriophorum Michx.

Swamps and marshes; frequent on Coastal Plain.
Yardley (Me) ; Morrisville (L) ; Fallsington (L) ; TuUytown
(Dr); Bristol (Dr).

Erlophorum gracile Both. Cotton Grass.

Bogs and swamps; frequent in northern districts, absent on
Coastal Plain.

Nockamixon (M) (P) ; Narrowsville (Bn) (Li) ; Pleasant Val-
ley (L); Quakertown (Bn) ; Rockhill (M) (V) ; Sellersville
(Ma); Argus (C).

Eriophomm virginicum L. Wool Geass.

Swamps; rare.

Penn Valley (F, August 7, 1897).

[Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl.) Britton.

Reported from Point Pleasant in Fretz's Flora but no mate-
rial was found to cover this record.]

Bynchospora cymosa EU.

Low ground ; rare and local.

TuUytown (Sa, September 25, 1897) ; Bristol (D, August 5,
1866).

Bynchospora alba (L.) Vahl.

Boggy soil ; rare.

Pleasant Valley (B) ; Finland (L) ; (Penn Valley).

Bynchospora capitellata (Michx.) Vahl. Beak Eush.

(B, glomerata of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Khodora, xx. 27
(1918).

Meadows, swamps and bogs ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Finland (L) ; Sellers-
ville (B) ; Roelofs (L) ; Morrisville (B) ; Turkey Hill (B) ; Fall-
sington (L) ; TuUytown (M)(F) ; Bristol (C) ; (Rockhill).

This species has the bristles of the perianth densely and re-
trorsely barbed.

Bynchospora glomerata (L.) Wahl. is now applied to B, glom-
erata var. paniculata (Gray) Champ., a more southern form
which does not occur in our area.

Rynchospera capitellata (Michx.) Vahl., var. contro versa Blake.

(B, Smallii Britton.) Rhodora, xx. 28 (1918).

Bogs; rare. Bristol (D, August 5, 1866).

This variety has the bristles of the perianth upwardly barbed.

Scleria triglomerata Michx.

Moist thickets and meadows ; rare.
Rockhill (M) (K) ; (Nockamixon).

Scleria panciilora Muhl.
Dry open situations; rare and local above the fall line.
Monroe (R) ; Finland (L).

92

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Scleria setacea Poir.

(Includes 8. reticularis, var. pulescens Britton and 8, Tor-
reyana Walp. of Fretz's Flora.)

On the Coastal Plain ; rare.

TuUytown (F)(V)(Sa); (Bristol).

Carex* retroflexa Muhl.

Dry open chiefly rocky woods and thickets ; frequent in upper
end, apparently absent on the Coastal Plain.

Cauffman's Hill (L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Wormansville (L) ; Fin-
land (L) ; Rockhill Township (F) ; Argus (L).

Carex convoluta Mackenzie.

(C rosea of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, and of Fretz's Flora, in
part.) Bui. Torr. Bot. Club, xliii. 423 (1916).

Dry banks, woods and thickets; frequent except on Coastal
Plain.

Monroe (R-E) ; Revere (L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Springtown
(We) ; Shelly (F) ; Quakertown (F) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Fin-
land (L) ; Rockhill (B) (Sa) (K) ; Doylestown (Dr) ; Lahaska
(L) ; Aquetong (Wi).

Distinguished by its stout habit ; short, stout, curved stigmas
and wide leaves (2-3 mm.).

Carex rosea Schk.

(C rosea, var. radiata of Fretz's Flora, in part.) Bui. Torr.
Bot. Club, xliii. 423 (1916).

Damp grassy woods and thickets, also around swamps ; widely
distributed and frequent.

Durham (We) ; Nockamixon (R-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-
P) ; Quakertown (F) ; Milford Square (L) ; Spinnertown (L) ;
Rockhill (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Edison (Fo) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ;
Aquetong (Wi) ; Buckingham Valley (B) ; Yardley (L) ; Penn
Valley (C) ; Roelofs (L).

Known by its slender habit and long straight stigmas. Fruits
earlier than the next.

* The treatment of the genus Carex is according to Kenneth K. Mackenzie
as found in his various papers. All of the matarial in the herbarium of the
Philadelphia Botanical Club quoted in this work, except some of the most
recent, was critically examined and determinations verified by Mr. Mackenzie.

*>

>*

'<f

Cyperaceae

93

Carex radiata (Wahl.) Small.

(C. rosea, yslt. radiata of Fretz's Flora, in part.) Bui. Torr.
Bot. Club, xliii. 423 (1916).

Moist woods and thickets ; rare.

Woods, Nockamixon (M, May 28, 1893) ; (Argus) ; (Sellers-
ville).

An Alleghanian form of slender habit with somewhat twisted

stigmas.

Carex aggregata Mackenzie.

Bui. Torr. Bot. Club, xxxvii. 246 (1910). Torreya, xvi. 131-
136 (1916).

Alluvial bank; rare. Morrisville (L, June 13, 1919).

A well marked austral species between C. Muhlenhergii and
C. cepholoidea. It was previously confused with C. cepholoidea
from which it may be distinguished by its scales which equal or
exceed the length of the perigynia body whereas in C, cepha-
loidea they are less than half the length of the perigynia body.
The sheaths of C. aggregata are rounded at the throat, thickened
and reddish brown tinged whereas in C. cepholoidea the sheaths
are truncate at the throat, not thickened and not reddish brown
tinged.

Carex Muhlenbergii Schkuhr.

Dry thickets, fields and hillsides ; throughout the County.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; RockhiU Township (F) ; Bycot
(K) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Turkey Hill (L) ; (Sellersville).

Carex plana Mackenzie.

(C. Muhlenhergii Schk., var. enervis Boott. C. Muhlenhergii
xalapensis (Kunth) Britton of Fretz's Flora.) Bui. Torr. Bot.

Club, 1. 349-353 (1923).

Dry woods in heavier and richer soil than C. Muhlenhergii but

not necessarily in calcareous soil ; rare.

Narrowsville (L) ; Rockhill Township (F) ; (Point Pleasant).

Differs from C. Muhlenhergii in that the periginia are nerve-
less (with fewer dorsal ribs) ; narrower and smaller in size.

94

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Caxez cephalophora Muhl.

Dry banks, fields and open woods ; common.

Durham (R-R) ; Nockamixon (M) ; Erwinna (Tr-P) ; Otts-
ville (L); Rockhill (Br); Sellersville (F) ; Aquetong (K) ;
Lahaska (L) ; Buckmanville (L) ; Penn Valley (C).

Caxex sparganioides Muhl.

Rich wooded slopes and thickets; frequent except on Coastal
Plain.

Monroe (R-R) ; Nockamixon (P) (H) ; Upper Black Eddy
(Pr) ; Ottsville (L) ; Quakertown (F) ; Rockhill Township (F) ;
Sellersville (F)(J)(C); Pipersville (F); Tohickon Park (F) ;
Point Pleasant (L) ; Buckingham (L).

Carex cephaloidea Dewey.

Damp, rather rich, woods and thickets ; rare and local.
Nockamixon (H) ; Upper Black Eddy (Pr) ; (Rockhill).

Carex conjnncta Boott.

Moist thickets, banks and meadows ; rare and local.
Kintnersville (Pr) ; Carversville (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Slick-
ville (L).

Carex vulpinoidea Michx.

Bogs and wet meadows ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Haycock Moun-
tain (Tr-P) ; Rockhill (L) ; Sellersville (Dr) ; Telford (B) ;
Bycot (K) ; TuUytown (K).

Carex annectens Bicknell.

(C setacea Dewey, var. amhigua (Barratt) Fernald.
C, xanthocarpa annectens Bicknell of Fretz's Flora.) Rho-
dora, xxiv. 73-74 (1922).

Somewhat dry fields, meadows and woods; frequent.

Upper Black Eddy (Fo) ; Richlandtown (L) ; Brick Tavern
(Ha) ; Rockhill (C) ; Perkasie (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Neshaminy
(Mc) ; Penn Valley (C) ; Tullytown (F) ; Bristol (F).

Carex brachyglossa Mackenzie.

(C xanthocarpa Bicknell of Fretz's Flora.)
Club, 1.355 (1923).

Bui. Torr. Bot.

<^¥

<*

-^jv

•. o

Cyperaceae

95

Similar situations as preceding ; somewhat less frequent.

Revere (L) ; Shelly (F) ; Argus (F) ; Sellersville (P) ; Tel-
ford (B).

This species approaches C. annectens Bicknell but is well
separated from it. In this species the inflorescence is shorter
and thicker ; perigynia not over 2.6 mm. long, the wall essentially
nerveless and break very short and less plainly notched than in
C annectens,

Carex stipata Muhl.

Swamps and wet meadows ; common.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Nockamixon (M) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant
Valley (L) ; Richlandtown (L) ; Quakertown (L) ; Trumbauers-
ville (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Edison (Fo) ; Tully-
town (C); Bristol (Dr).

Carex uberior (Mohr.) Mackenzie.

Bartonia, X. 38 (1929).

Wet places; rare. Emilie (L, June 23, 1927).

A segregate from C. stipata having a wide southern distribu-
tion. It is more robust, with greater stature, broader leaves,
larger spikes and longer perigynia.

Carex laevivaginata (Kukenth.) Mackenzie.

Rhodora, xvii. 231 (1921).

Swamps and wet meadows ; not rare.

Pleasant Valley (L) ; Finland (L) ; Milford Square (L) ;
Edison (Fo) ; Yardley (L) ; Emilie (L).

A segregate from C. stipata having the hyaline part of leaf
sheath thickened at orifice and commonly smooth while in
C. stipata the leaf sheath is not thickened at the orifice and it
is usually transversely rugose. The periginium is 5-7 mm. long
whereas in C, stipata it is only 4 mm. long.

Carex canescens L.

Swamps and bogs ; rare and local.
Emilie (L) ; Tullytown (C) ; Oxford Valley (L) ;
Lake); (Bristol); (Andalusia).

(Glen

98

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

[Carex Bebbii Olney.

(C. tribuloides Behhii Bailey, of Fretz^s Flora.)
This is a northern form reported from Sellersville but there
is no material extant to verify the record. Material was prob-
ably C. tribuloides.]

Carex scoparia Schk.

Moist or dry open places, or woods ; common.

Monroe (R^R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Fo) (Tr-P) ; Revere (L) ;
Rockhill (M) ; Telford (B) ; Gardenville (Tr-P) ; Turkey Hill
(L) ; Tullytown (K) ; Bristol (F).

Carex brevior (Dewey) Mackenzie.

(C festucacea Schkuhr., var. brevior (Dewey) Fernald.) Bui.
Torr. Bot. Club, xlii. 605 (1915).

Dry or moist open woods, thickets and banks, occasional in
upper end.

Nockamixon (Si) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Sellersville
(F); Telford (Sm).

This is a plant with large perigynia (over 4 mm. long) and has
formerly been much confused with C. festucacea Schkuhr.

Carex normalis Mackenzie.

(C mirabilis Dewey. C. straminea mirabilis (Dewey)
Tuckerm. of Fretz's Flora.) Bui. Torr. Bot. Club, xxxvii. 244
(1910).

Dry open woods and banks; locally abundant but rarely on
Coastal Plain.

Monroe (R) ; Nockamixon (H) ; Upper Black Eddy (Pr) ;
Pleasant Valley (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Sellerstown (F)(C);
Morrisville (L).

[Carex f oenea WiUd.

Reported from Penn Valley and Tullytown but the material
forming the basis for these records was misidentified. True
C, f oenea is unknown in Bucks County.]

4 Uj !•

Cyperaceae

99

Carex festucacea Schkuhr.

Dry or moist, sometimes rocky soil ; not rare.

Riegelsville (R-R) ; Quakertown (F) ; Milford Square (L) ;
Rockhill (F) ; Argus (L) ; Sellersville (P)(C) ; Telford (Sm) ;
Andalusia (L) ; (Penn Valley).

A record for this sedge from Point Pleasant was based on a
specimen of C. straminea which was misidentified. Very closely
related to C. straminea of our present conception but separable
by its ovate instead of obovate perigynia and the spikes are
cuneate based whereas in C. straminea they are rounded.

Carex Bichii (Fernald) Mackenzie.

(C. hormanthodes Fernald, var. Richii Fernald). Bui. Torr.
Bot. Club, xlix. 362 (1922).

Swampy meadows ; not rare.

Quakertown (Ma) ; Rockhill (M) ; Sellersville (F) (C) ; Penn
Valley (C) ; Tullytown (C) ; Bristol (L).

An inland relative of the salt marsh sedge C. hormanthodes
Fernald.

Carex straminea Willd.

Wet soil ; frequent especially in lower end.

Point Pleasant (F) ; Buckingham (Dr) ; Yardley (L) ; Tully-
town (F) ; Emilie (L) ; Andalusia (L).

Confused with C. tenera Dewey, a northern species, but sepa-
rated from it by Mackenzie (Bui. Torr. Bot. Club, xlii. 603-604
(1915). ,^

This is a plant of wet soil, whereas C. tenera is a more slender
plant of dry soil. The scales of C straminea are hyaline with a
conspicuous green stripe on each side of the midvein while in
C. tenera they are reddish brown tinged and are without the
green stripe on each side of the midrib.

No C. tenera has been collected in Bucks County so far as
herbarium material shows. The old records for C. tenera, viz.,
Quakertown, Sellersville and Langhorne were probably based on
misidentified material.

Carex Longii Mackenzie.

(C albolutescens of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, and Keller and
Brown's Flora.) Schweinitz's type specimen of C. albolutescens

\

t^-*1'

100 The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

proves to be young C. straminea, and C. J«^f ^^X"""''*^ ^^
Mackenzie. Bui. Terr. Bot. Club, xlix. 372-373 (922)

Damp or dry soil ; rare and local on the Coastal Plain.

Bristol (F)(B)(L); (Nockamixon-This record is based on
material which proves to be C. normalis.)

Carex alata Ton.

Moist soil ; rare.

Tullytown (P, June 24, 1899) ; (Bristol).

Carex BickneUll Britton.

Dry soil ; rare.

Penn Valley (C, June 8, 1894).

Carex Jamesil Sehwein.

Dry woods or thickets ; rare.
Ottsville (L, May 30, 1925).

Carex WllldenowU Sehkuhr.

Dry banks, wooded slopes and thicket; common in upper end.

Monroe (R-R) ; Nockamixon (P) ; Narrowsville (L) ; Sundale
(L) ; Richlandtown (L) ; Quakertown (F) ; Shelly (B) ; Milford
Square (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; RockhiU (Fa) (Sa) ; Argus
(C) ; Buckingham (L) ; (Sellersville).

Carex leptalea Wahl.

Bogs and swamps ; not rare. /r> t3\

Cauffman's HUl (L) ; Buckwampum Mountain (R-K) ;
Pleasant Valley (B) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill (F) (V) ; Yardley
(L) ; Emilie (L).
Carex nigro-marginata Sehwein.

Dry sandy or rocky soil ; rare.

Monroe (R, May, 1886).

This probably covers the old Durham [Twp.] record.

Carex pennsylvanica Lam.

Dry open soil and open woods ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Milford Square (Pr) ; Trum-
bauersviUe (L) ; Perkasie (F) ; Telford (B) ; Erwinna (L) ;

4 (i

\

Cyperaceae

101

Point Pleasant (Fo) ; Warrington (L) ; Bnckmanville (L) ;
Dolington (L).

Carex pennsylvanica Lam., var. lucorum (Willd.) Fernald.

Dry rocky wooded cliff, New Hope (Sg, April 22, 1914).

Carex albicans Willd.

Open woods and banks ; infrequent.

Brownsburg (B) ; Langhorne (B) ; Tullytown (F)(C) ; Bris-
tol (Dr).

Carex varia Muhl.

Banks and open dry woods; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Nockamixon (C) ; Cauffman's Hill (L) ;
Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant Valley (A) ; Finland (L) ; Milford
Square (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Perkasie (F) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Pipersville (L) ; Warrington (L) ; (Argus).

The Milford Square (L) specimen is the dark-scaled form
(forma colorata (Bailey) Kiiken).

Carex commnnis Bailey.

(Includes C. pedicellata of Fretz's Flora.)

Dry banks and open woods ; common except on Coastal Plain.

Durham (F) ; Monroe (L) ; Nockamixon (Pr) ; Sundale (L) ;
Ottsville (L); Tohickon (L) ; Milford Square (L) ; Perkasie
(F) ; Pipersville (L) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; New Hope (Sg) ;
(Rockhill Township).

Carex tunbeUata Schkuhr.

(C. umbellata Schkuhr., var. Irevirostris Boott. C. abdita
Bicknell). Bui. Torr. Bot. Club, xlii. 621 (1915).

Dry sandy or rocky banks and hillsides ; moderately abundant.

Durham (L) ; OttsvHle (L) ; Pipersville (L) ; Warrington
(L) ; Furlong (L) ; Aquetong (L) ; Jericho Hill, near Browns-
burg (L) ; Fallsington (Dr) ; (Nockamixon) ; (Argus) ; (Penn
Valley).

Carex rugosperma Mackenzie.

(C. umbellata of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Bui. Torr. Bot.
Club, xlii. 621 (1915).

t

102

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Cyperaceae

103

Dry, mostly sandy or rocky soil ; not common.
Durham (L) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Narrowsville
(P) ; Lahaska (L).
This is the plant with the long beak.

Carex tonsa (Fernald) Bicknell.

(C. umhellata Schkuhr., var. tonsa Fernald.) Bui. Torr. Bot.
Club, XXXV. 492 (1908).
Dry sandy soil ; rare.

Aquetong (L, April 27, 1930); Penn Valley (C, June 1,
1899).

Carex hirtif olia Mackenzie.

(C. puiescens Muhl.) Bui. Torr. Bot. Club, xxxvii. 244
(1910).

Woods and thickets; occasional in upper end.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Quakertown (F) (Bn) (C) ;
Milford Square (L) ; Argus (C) ; RockhiU (C) ; Three Mile Run
(F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; (Penn Valley).

Carex pedunculata Muhl.

Dry or moist, rich woods; occasional in upper and middle dis-
tricts.

Ottsville (L) ; Erwinna (L) ; Pipersville (L) ; Point Pleasant
(L) ; (Quakertown).

Carex tetanlca Schkuhr.

Meadows and wet woods ; uncommon.
Rockhill (C) (F); (Argus).

Carex Meadil Dewey.

(C. tetanica Schkuhr., var. Meadii (Dewey) Bailey.)
Swamps and wet meadows ; locally abundant.
Quakertown (Bn) ; Rockhill (C) ; Perka^ie (V) ; Argus (F) ;
Sellersville (F) (P) ; Bedminster (F).

[Carex polymorpha Muhl.

A sedge coming in our range and very local in its occurrence.
Reported from Nockamixon (H) but no material from this
County has been located.]

Carex plantaginea Lam.

Moist open woods and rich wooded slopes; locally abundant
along the cliffs of the Delaware.

Narrowsville (P) (W) ; Nockamixon (P) (Pr) (V) (H) ;
Point Pleasant (L).

Carex platyphylla Carey.

Dry wooded slopes and thickets; frequent except on Coastal
Plain.

Monroe (L) ; Kintnersville (T) ; Nockamixon (H) (P) ; Nar-
rowsville (Br) ; Upper Black Eddy (Bn) ; Sundale (L) ; Otts-
ville (L) ; Tohickon (L) ; Pipersville (L) ; Point Pleasant (L) ;
Brownsburg (L) ; New Hope (Sg) ; (Haycock).

Carex abscondita Steud.

(C ptychocarpa Steud.)

Low woods of the lower districts ; local.

Penn Valley (F) (C) ; Bristol (F) (C) ; Langhorne (B) ;
Roelofs (L) ; Tullytown (L) ; Andalusia (L) ; (Quakertown) ;
(Glen Lake).

Carex digitalis WiUd.

Woods and thickets ; frequent except on Coastal Plain.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Cauffman's Hill (L) ; Upper Black Eddy
(Tr-P) ; Revere (V) ; Pleasant Valley (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ;
Rockhill (C) (F) ; Argus (C) ; Lahaska (L) ; Buckmanville
(L) ; Bensalem Township, If miles southwest of Hulmeville (B).

Carex laxiculmls Schwein.

Rich woods and thickets ; rare on Coastal Plain, frequent else-
where.

Narrowsville (B) ; Pleasant Valley (L) ; Finland (L) ; Spin-
nerstown (L) ; Rockhill (C) ; Rockhill Township (F) ; Argus
(F) ; Langhorne (B) ; Tullytown (C) ; (Woodburne) ; (Penn
Valley).

Carex albnrsina Sheldon.

(C. laxiflora Lam., var. latifolia Boott.) Rhodora, xxiv. 189
(1922).

Rich woods ; rare and local.

'^^T^T'',."jWJ«'^.l!j^i

'^i."^.-^'JK>imHIEy^gv?« y.w^M*

104

The Flora of Bucks County , Pennsylvania

Cyperaceae

105

i 1

Kintnersville (P) ; Narrowsville (Li) ; Nockamixon (C) (P) ;
Sundale (L) ; (Rockhill) ; (Sellersville).

Carez blanda Dewey.

(C. laxiflora Lam., var. varians Bailey and C, laxiflora Lam.,
var. blanda (Dewey) Boott.) Rhodora, xxiv. 189 (1922).

Roadsides, banks and thickets ; rare on Coastal Plain, common
elsewhere.

Durham (Rr-R) ; Nockamixon (M) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant
Valley (L) ; Milford Square (L) ; Finland (L) ; Quakertown
(B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Blooming Glen (B) ; Point Pleasant (B) ;
Gardenville (Tr-P) ; Buckingham Valley (B) ; Hartsville (Dr) ;
Center Bridge (B) ; Andalusia (L) ; (Rockhill).

Carex leptonervia Fernald.

Boggy swales, moist open woods and thickets ; rare.
Boggy swale, IJ miles northwest of Pleasant Valley (L, June
9, 1923).

A northern sedge closely related to C. blanda and distin-
guished by its almost nerveless perigynia and its strongly re-
trorsely serrulate bract-sheaths. (Rhodora, xxiv. 189 (1922).)

This material apparently corresponds to material collected a
few miles from this station in Lehigh County in a similar habi-
tat and identified as C. leptonervia by Mr. Kenneth K. Mac-
kenzie.

Carex heterosperma Wahl.

(C. anceps of authors. C. laxiflora patulifolia of Fretz's
Flora and Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Woods, meadows and thickets ; common.

Monroe (R^-R) ; Narrowsville (Br) (Li) (Se) ; Upper Black
Eddy (Bn) (Tr-P) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant Valley (L) ; Quak-
ertown (F) (Bn) ; Finland (L) ; Milford Square (Pr) ; Rock-
hill (C) ; Sellersville (F) ; Blooming Glen (B) ; Doylestown
(Dr); Edison (Fo-P) ; Aquetong (Wi) ; Bycot (K) ; Tully-
town (C).

This and the following species are two phases of a plant having
a wide distribution and are exceedingly difficult to separate in
our range. C, heterosperma is the northern phase and C. laxi-
flora is the southern phase.

Carex laxiflora Lam.

Rich low woods; occasional.

Rockhill Township (F) ; Pipersville (L) ; Glen Lake (Bn) ;
Bristol (Dr).

A plant more distinctive southward and, according to Macken-
zie, it is not the sedge to which most authors have applied this
name. In a letter dated October 15, 1930, Mr. K. K. Mackenzie
states that *'C laxiflora Lam. itself is based upon three different
specimens, one from New York, one from Pennsylvania and
another from Virginia. It is quite likely that the Virginia
material is the plant treated by Boott as C. laxiflora Lam., it
being the same as C. striatula Michx.'' Boott 's treatment is
being followed here.

Carex styloflexa Buckley.

(C laxiflora Lam., var. styloflexa (Buckley) Boott).
Sellersville (G) ; Bedminster Township (F) ; Yardley (L) ;
Penn Valley (C) ; Emilie (L).

Carex gracilescens Steud.

Syn. PI. Cyp. 226 (1855).

(C, laxiflora of older authors.)

Woods, meadows and thickets ; frequent in upper end.

Nockamixon (C) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant Valley (L) ; Mil-
ford Square (L) ; Spinner stown (L) ; Finland (L) ; Trum-
bauersville (F) ; Sellersville (F).

Carex Shriveri Britton.

(C granularis var. Haleana of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Moist ground; rare.

Nockamixon (R-R, June 1, 1886).

Carex granularis Muhl.

Moist meadows ; frequent except on Coastal Plain.

Monroe (R-R) ; Nockamixon (P) ; Revere (L) ; Pleasant Val-
ley (L) ; Richlandtown (L) ; Shelley (F) ; Quakertown (Ca) ;
Rockhill (C) (V) (M) ; Smoketown (V) ; Argus (C) ; Sellers-
ville (P) (F); (TuUytown).

106

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Cyperaceae

107

I

Carex oligocarpa Schkuhr.

Dry to damp woods, thickets and shaded banks; not common.
Sundale (L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Haar's Dam, near Sellersville
(F) (P) (J).

Carex Hitchcockiana Dewey.

Kich woods and thickets ; rare.

Sundale (L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Milford Square (Pr) ; (Nocka-
mixon) ; (Pencoyd-Bucks County. This record by Fretz is an
error. It does not belong in Bucks County).

Carex conoidea Schkuhr.

Meadows ; common except on Coastal Plain.

Monroe (P) ; Noekamixon (M) (C) (H) ; Narrowsville (Br) ;
Kevere (L) ; Wormansville (L) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Trum-
bauersville (F) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Kockhill (V) (M) ; Eocky
Ridge (V) ; Sellersville (F) (P) (Li) ; Almont (L) ; (Quaker-
town).

Carex grisea Wahlenb.

Dry to damp woods and thickets ; common in most districts.

Monroe (R-R) ; Nockamixon (C) (H) ; Narrowsville (Br) ;
Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant Valley (L) ; Quaker town (F) ; Milford
Square (L) ; Rockhill (M) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (Sm) ;
Bycot (B) ; New Hope (B) ; Morrisville (L) ; Hulmeville (B).

Carex amphibola Steud.

(C. grisea Wahlenb., var. angustifolia Boott.)

Dry to damp woods ; occasional.

Milford Square (L) ; Argus (F) ; Sellersville (F) (J) (P).

Carex glaucodea Tuckerm.

Borders of woods and open fields and meadows ; frequent.

Nockamixon (C) (P) ; Narrowsville (G) ; Revere (L) ; Quak-
ertown (F) (C) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill (C) (M) ; Perkasie
(V) ; Argus (P) ; Telford (B) ; Langhorne (F) (Bn) ; Emilie
L; (Tullytown).

Carex graciUima Schwein.

Meadows, moist woods and thickets ; common.

Between Cauffman's Hill and Narrows (L) ; Pleasant Valley
(B) ; Milford Square (F) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Quakertown

(F) ; Rockhill (C) ; (M) ; Argus (F) ; Almont (L) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Penn Valley (C) ; Tullytown (C).

Carex prasina Wahlenb.

Damp woods, thickets and meadows; occasional except on
Coastal Plain.

Pleasant Valley (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Rockhill (Sa) ; Sel-
lersville (F) ; Woodbourne (J) ; (Nockamixon).

Carex Davisii Schwein. & Torr.

Moist thickets, open woods and meadows ; frequent.

Narrowsville (Li) (Bn) (Br) ; Nockamixon (C) ; Deep Run,
near Pipersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (Bn) ; Forks of the
Neshaminy (Bn) ; New Hope (Sn) ; Morrisville (L) ; Anda-
lusia (L).

Carex flexuosa Muhl.

(C. dehilis Michx., var. Rudgei Bailey of Gray's Manual ed. 7.
C tenuis Rudge of Fretz 's Flora.)

Moist woods, thickets and clearings ; rare.

Penn Valley (C, June 1, 1899).

The northern phase of (7. deUlis from which it is separable
with difficulty.

[Carex arctata Boott.

A northern species reported from Tullytown (C). The mate-
rial on which this was based proves to be C. dehilis.]

Carex debilis Michx.

Woods, thickets and open copses ; frequent.

Quakertown (F) ; Fountainville (Gr) ; Bycot (K) ; Fallsing-
ton (L) ; Penn Valley (C) ; Tullytown (C) (F) ; Emilie (L) ;
Bristol (Dr) ; Andalusia (L).

Carex SprengeUi Dewey.

(C. longirostris Torr. of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, and of Fretz 's

Flora. )

Rich banks, thickets and borders of woods ; occasional in the

upper end.

108

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

II

it

Monroe (R-R) ; Narrowsville (Li) (G) ; Nockamixon (M) (F)
(C) (P) (G) ; Upper Black Eddy (Pr).

Carex virescens Muhl.

(Includes C, costellata of Fretz's Flora.)
Dry woods and banks ; common except on Coastal Plain.
Monroe (R-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Bn) ; Buckwampum
Mountain (L) ; Pleasant Valley (F) ; Rockhill (F) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Sundale (L) ; LumberviUe (L) ; Buckingham (L) ; Browns-
burg (L).

Carex Swanii (Fernald) Mackenzie.

(C virescens Muhl., var. Swanii Fernald.)

Bui. Torr. Bot. Club, xxxvii. 246 (1910).

Dry to somewhat moist woods and banks ; most abundant on
Coastal Plain but also found inland.

Pleasant Valley (L) ; New Britain (B) ; Doylestown (Dr) ;
Bycot (K) (B) ; Turkey Hill (L) ; Bristol (Dr) ; Andalusia (L).

Carex hlrsuteUa Mackenzie.

(C. triceps Michx., var. hirsuta (Willd.) Bailey.) Bui. Torr.
Bot. Club, 1.349 (1923).

AVioods, fields and dryish to wet meadows ; frequent.
Narrowsville (P) (Ha) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; SheUy
(F) ; Rockhill (M) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Hilltown
(F) ; Doylestown (Dr) ; Emilie (L).

Carex caroliniana Schwein.

(C triceps Michx., var. Smithii Porter.)

A southern species of meadows, moist fields and woodlands;

rare.

Bristol (Dr, June 7, 1924) ; (Nockamixon).

Carex Bushii Mackenzie.

(C. triceps cuspidata Dewey.)

Bui. Torr. Bot. Club, xxxvii. 241 (1910).

Fields and thickets ; not very common.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P); Haycock Mountain (Tr-P);
Quakertown (L) ; Finland (F) ; Rockhill (C) (M) ; Sellersville
(P) (F).

Cyperaceae

Carex paUescens L.

Fields and meadows ; rare.

Penn Valley (C, three specimens, 1896 and 1899).
cently observed.

109

Not re-

Carex scabrata Schwein.

Moist woods, thickets and swamps ; frequent in the upper end.
Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Quakertown (C) (F) ; Rock-
hill (C) ; Argus (L) ; Bedminster (Mo) ; (Springfield).

Carex limosa L.

Boggy meadow ; rare.
Rockhill (C) (F) (Mo) (Bn).

This station still exists and collections are made occasionally.
The earliest date represented above is 1876 (Mo).

Carex Bnxbaumii Wahlenb.

(C. polygama Schkuhr. of Gray's Manual, ed. 7. C fusca of
Fretz's Flora.)

Boggy meadows, marshes and wet shores; not rare except on
the Coastal Plain.

Revere (L) ; Nockamixon (H) (M) (C) ; Narrowsville (P)
(Li) ; Finland (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Rockhill (C) ; Argus
(C) ; Sellersville (P) (F) ; Bedminster (Mo) ; Plumstead (Mo) ;
(Tullytown).

Carex stricta Lam. Tussock Sedge.

Low meadows and borders of marshes ; common.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Nockamixon (C) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant
VaUey (L) ; Rockhill (W) ; Penn Valley (F) (C) ; Tullytown
(K).

Carex strictior Dewey.

Bui. Torr. Bot. Club, xlii. 405 (1915).

Low meadows, marshes and sandy shores ; rather frequent.

Pleasant Valley (L) ; Springfield Township (F) ; Sellersville
(C) ; Penn Valley (C).

Segregated from C. stricta by its stoloniferous habit thus
growing in beds while C. stricta is the common tussock sedge.

'il

110

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Cyperaceae

111

Carex Haydeni Dewey.

(C, strict a Lam., var. decora Bailey.)

Swamps and wet meadows; rare.

Sellersville (F) ; Plumstead (Ma) (Mo); (Bedminster).

Carex Emoryi Dewey.

(C strict a var. angustata of authors, also C. Goodenovii of
local authors.)

Bui. Torr. Bot. Club, xlii. 405 (1915).

Meadows and swales ; frequent.

Lehnenberg (L) ; Kintnersville (V) ; Narrowsville (L) ; Point
Pleasant (L) ; Center Bridge (L) ; Jericho Hill (L) ; Penn Val-
ley (C); (Tullytown).

A freely stoloniferous plant like C. strict ior but much stouter
and basal sheaths are not filamentose. Perigynia straw-colored,
abruptly and prominently short beaked, smooth except toward
apex.

[Carex Goodenovii J. Gay.

(C. acuta L.) Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 1. 343-345 (1923).
A northern species not found in this County. The Penn Val-
ley record is based on C. Emoryi.]

Carex torta Boott.

Along streams in wet gravel or sand, sometimes in wet
meadows ; common except on Coastal Plain.

Durham (We-P) ; Kintnersville (C) ; Nockamixon (H) ; Nar-
rowsville (P) (Bn) ; Finland (F) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Rockhill
(F) (C); Argus (C) ; Sellersville (F) (P) ; Pipersville (L) ;
(Deep Run).

Carex crinita Lam.

Along streams and shores, sometimes in wet meadows; com-
mon.

Monroe (R-R) ; Narrowsville (6) ; Nockamixon (M) ; Ottsville
(L) ; Shelly (B) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Rockhill (B) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Yardley (Dr) ; Fallsington (L) ; Tullytown (C) ; Bristol
(Dr).

Carex gynandra Schwein.

(C crinita ham., var. gynandra (Schwein.) Schwein. & Torr.)

Boggy meadows; rare.

li miles northwest of Pleasant Valley (B, June 9, 1923).

Carex lacustris Willd.

(C. riparia of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Wet meadows, swamps and shores ; infrequent.

Springfield Township (F) ; Quakertown (Ma) (G) ; Rockhill

(C) ; Penn Valley (C) ; (Argus).

Carex vestita WiUd.

Sandy or rocky woods; infrequent.

Dublin (B); Penn Valley (C) ; Tullytown (M) (F) (C) ;
Bristol (P) ; (Quakertown) ; (Point Pleasant).

[Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh.

(C filiformis of Fretz's Flora.)

This plant is recorded from Turkey Hill (C). There is a
sheet in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Botanical Club form-
ing the basis of this record. Mr. Bayard Long has placed the
following notation on the sheet, ** There is a strong probability
that this specimen, not labelled by Crawford (not in his own
handwriting but on a label bearing his name) and without data,
came from Long Pond, Monroe Co., Pa. Compare with sheet
No. 504,300 in the herbarium of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia." This species is therefore excluded.]

Carex lanuginosa Michx.

Swamps, wet meadows and ditches ; frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Narrowsville (Br) ; Nockamixon (C) (H)
(M); Quakertown (B) ; Rockhill (C) (V); Sellersville (F)
(C) ; Penn Valley (C) ; Tullytown (C) (F).

*Carex Mrta L.

A naturalized European species ; rare.
Tullytown (W, May 30, no year given),

Carex trichocarpa Muhl.

Wet meadows and marshes ; frequent in upper end.
Narrowsville (Li) ; Nockamixon (C) (H) ; Rockhill (C) ;
Sellersville (F) (C) ; Glen Lake (J); (Quakertown); Penn

112 The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Valley— This record is based on a specimen which has been re-
identified as C. lanuginosa).

Carex f olliculata L.

Wet woods and swamps ; locally abundant on Coastal Plain,
unknown elsewhere in County.

Yardley (L) ; Fallsington (L) ; TuUytown (C) ; Bristol (Br).

Carex rostrata Stokes.

(C. utriculata of Fretz's Flora.)
Swampy ground; rare and local.
Pleasant Valley (L) ; RockhiU (C) ; Penn VaUey (C) (F).

Carex vesicaria L.

(Includes C. monile Tuckerm. of Fretz's Flora.)

Meadows; rare.

Durham (Er-R) ; Sellersville (C) (F) (J). (A Nockamixon
(Li) record is based on material which was reidentified as C,

trichocarpa.)

A northern species near its southern limits here.

Carex bullata Schkuhr.

Swampy ground; rare.

Swampy meadow, Bristol (F, May 29, 1905).

[Carex retrorsa Schwein.

We have a Porter record for Bucks County for this northern
species but no material to verify it. The species is therefore
excluded.]

Carex lorida Wahlenb.

(Includes C. lurida flacdda and C. lurida parvula of Fretz's

Flora.)

Wet woods and swamps ; common.

Monroe (Er-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Shelly (B) ;
Brick Tavern (Ha) ; Finland (B) ; Rockhill (F) (K) ; Argus
(F) (C) ; Sellersville (J) (F) ; Telford (B) ; Point Pleasant
(F) ; Doylestown (B) ; Buckingham (K) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ;
Yardley (Dr) ; Tullytown (K) ; Andalusia (L).

Cyperaceae

113

'1^

■r.>

Carex comosa Boott.

Swamps, marshes and wet shores; frequent.

Riegelsville (Rr-R) ; Nockamixon (C) ; Rockhill (Br) (W) ;
Argus (F) ; Penn Valley (F) ; Tullytown (Bn) (D) (M) ;
(Quakertown) ; (Springfield).

Carex hystericina Muhl.

Wet meadows, swamps and bogs ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Nockamixon (C) (P) ; Springfield Township
(F) • Finland (L) ; Rockhill (B) ; Argus (F) ; Point Pleasant
(F) \ Aquetong (K) ; Penn Valley (C) ; Tullytown (V) ; Bris-
tol (F).

Carex squarrosa L.

Swamps and wet thickets; rare on Coastal Plain, frequent

elsewhere.

Narrowsville (P) ; Nockamixon (P) ; Upper Black Eddy
(Bn) ; Revere (W) ; Shelly (B) ; Brick Tavern (Ha) ; Rockhill
(Br) (K) ; Argus (C) ; Sellersville (P) (F) ; Point Pleasant
(L) ; Bycot (K) ; Tullytown (Dr).

Carex Asa-Grayl Bailey.

(C. Gray a Carey.)

Wet woods, thickets and meadows; occasional except on

Coastal Plain.

OttsviUe (L) ; Quakertown (F) ; Steinsburg (Wi) ; Browns-

burg (Wi).

Carex intumescens Budge.

Wet woods, meadows and borders of swamps ; frequent.

Durham (R-R) ; Revere (L) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Shelly
(F); Brick Tavern (Ha); Quakertown (F) ; Spinnerstown
(L) i Yardley (L) ; Tullytown (M).

Carex lupulina Muhl.

Swamps, wet meadows and ditches; locally abundant
Durham (I^-R) ; Rockhill (B) ; Argus (C) ; Oxford Valley

(B) ; Emilie (L) ; Bristol (P) (P)-

Carex lupalif onnis Sartwell.

Swampy ground ; rare. /-o ,i,-in

Bristol (P, June 17, 1892) ; (Nockamixon) ; (Rockhill).

^ \

114

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

f '

Eriocaulaceae

115

ARACEAE (arum family)
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott. Jack-in -the-Pulpit.

Rich damp woods and thickets ; frequent.

Durham Furnace (L) ; Finland (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Point
Pleasant (L) ; Center Bridge (B) ; Yardley (L) ; Hulmeville
(B).
Arisaema pusiUum (Peck) Nash.

Damp woods and thickets ; rare.

Yardley (L) ; Roelofs (L) ; (Turkey Hill).

Distinguished from the preceding, by its smaller size, its leaves
which are shiny green on both surfaces and its spathe which is
deep purplish inside.

Arisaema Dracontium (L.) Schott. Green Dragon.

Woods, thickets and meadows ; local.

Sellersville (F) ; Forks of Neshaminy (Bn) ; Rushland (C. R.
Wertsner) ; Hendricks Island, above Center Bridge (F).

Peltandra virginica (L.) Kunth. Arrow Arum.

Shallow water along borders of ponds and streams; rare and
local in lower end.

Bristol (F) (B) ; Emilie (L) ; (Bensalem).

Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Nutt. Skunk Cabbage.

Swamp ground in woods, thickets and open places; frequent.

Buck wampum Mountain (R-R) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Steins-
burg (Mrs. S. W. Creasey) ; Sellersville (F) ; Morrisville (B) ;
Oxford Valley (L) ; Croydon (L).

Orontium aquaticum L. GtOlden Club.

Marshes, shallow ponds and streams ; locally abundant.
Narrowsville (B) ; Ridge Valley (F) ; Almont (L) ; Grenoble
(L) ; Andalusia (L) ; (Rockhill).

Acorns Calamus L. Sweet Flag. Calamus.

Wet meadows and borders of marshes ; frequent.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Pleasant Valley (L) ; Milford
Square (L) ; Argus (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Andalusia (L).

^;'

*^A

4v

1

,• V

1

1

I

«

\

* ft»

^ )

>^*if

,♦** sf

*<»

LEMNACEAE (duckweed family)
Spirodela polyrhlza (L.) Schleid.

Quiet waters of ponds, ditches and marshes; occasional.

Durham Furnace (F) ; Narrowsville (Bn) ; Solebury Town-
ship, near New Hope (Va-G) ; Bristol (Dr).

Lemna trisculca L.

Ponds and ditches, chiefly in calcareous regions; rare. In
creek at Ridge Valley (F, Sept., 1883).

Dr. C. D. Fretz and the writer tried, about 1916, to rediscover
this plant but without avail.

Lemna valdiviana PhiUppi.

(L. cyclostata of authors.)

Shallow water of ponds, brooks and swales ; apparently very

rare.

Floating on shallow water of swale near P. R. R. station, Bris-
tol (L, May 31, 1924).

Lemna minor L. Duckweed.

Quiet waters of marshes, ditches and ponds ; frequent.

Lehnenberg (L) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Point Pleasant (F) ;
Ingham Springs, Solebury Township (Bt) ; Penn Valley (B) ;
Morrisville (L) ; Tullytown (F) ; Bristol (B).

WolfB.a Columbiana Karst.

Quiet waters of ponds and marshes ; rare.

Tullytown (B, May 24, 1930.) (Bristol).

Mr. A. F. K. Krout, of Philadelphia, in a letter to Dr. C. D.
Fretz, dated March 30, 1898, writes as follows: *'So far Craw-
ford and I have been doing the most work in lower Bucks
County. W, columbiana should have our joint credit since we
discovered it when making a trip together— not at Bristol, but
east of Tullytown. St. Louis have given us joint credit.'' This
is probably the same station which was re-discovered in 1930.
None of the Krout and Crawford material is in the local her-
baria.

ERIOCAULACEAE (pipewort family)

[Eriocaulon septangulare With.

Reported from Bristol but no material has been found from
this station to verify the record. No material representative of

*

^^

<^>

i ^

116

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

this species is in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Botanical
Club from anywhere in southeastern Pennsylvania.]

Eriocaulon Parkeri Eobinson.

Tidal mud on shores of Delaware River ; locally abundant.
TuUytown (L) ; Bristol (B) ; Andalusia (Bn).

XYRIDACEAE (yellow-eyed grass family)

Xyris caroliniana Walt.

Swamps and muddy shores; occasional in lower end.
Turkey Hill (B) ; Tullytown (L).

Xjnis torta J. E. Sm. Yellow-eyed Grass.

Swamps and boggy meadows ; not common.
Springfield (F) ; Morrisville (L) ; Tullytown (Bn) ; Bristol
(C); (Glen Lake).

COMMELINACEAE (spiderwort family)
Tradescantia virginiana L. Spiderwort.

Mostly in woods and thickets, preferably in alluvial soil ; not
common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Nockamixon (P) (Se) ; Point Pleasant (F) ;
Doylestown (J. P. Otter) ; Center Bridge (B).

*Coininelina communis L. Dayflower.

Rich soil of roadsides and waste places ; naturalized from Asia ;
frequent.

Ottsville (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; New Britain (Sm) ; Farm
School (B) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ;
Morrisville (B) ; Tullytown (B) ; Bristol (F) ; Newportville
(B); ChurchviUe (B).

PONTEDERIACEAE (pickerel-weed family)
Pontederia cordata L. Pickerel-weed.

Borders of ponds and streams and in marshes; frequent.

Kintnersville (Rr-R) ; Weisel (B) ; Rockhill (B) ; Tohickon
Park (F) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Bridge Point (Me) ; Grenoble
(L) ; Morrisville (B) ; Bristol (Dr).

t'^

•^f

#. •*

^ %

\4t^^

^ ►

r"«k

-^^

i^.

-i

^/^

¥ V

^V

I* ►

.i«

H4

* '^^V

^m f

'fT-m

-^"f

1

y.-B

I-' fl

L.

1^'*^

i 9^

B

l^-»4

Y

' i J

.>♦

H^

^^\

P>rr-»

.^J

-r-V

Juncaceae

117

Heteranthera renif ormis E. & P. Mud Plantain.

Shallow water or muddy banks of ponds and streams; fre-
quent.

Finland (B) ; Argus (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Grenoble (L) ;
Neshaminy Falls (Ad) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Bristol
(B) ; Andalusia (L).

Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM. Water Stab Grass.

Slow streams, muddy shores and marshes ; not common.

NarrowsvUle (J) ; Finland (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Neshaminy
Creek (M) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; New Hope (Va-G) ; Morris-
ville (L).

JUNCACEAE (rush family)

Jnncns buf onius L. Toad Rush.

Ditches, roadsides and shores ; frequent but poorly represented

in herbaria.

Monroe (R-B) ; Quakertown (F) ; Rocky Ridge (B).

Juncus tenuis Willd. Path Rush.

Dry or moist soil, frequently in paths but also in waste places
and grassland; common.

Nockamixon (Tr-P) ; Haycock Mountain (Tr-P) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (B) ; Bristol (Dr).

Jnncns secundus Beauv.

Dry sandy or sterile soil ; common.

Nockamixon (P) ; Erwinna (Me) ; SeUersville (F) ; Telford
(B) ; Stump Road, Plumstead Township (L) ; Bristol (Dr).

Jnncns Dndleyi Wiegand.

Damp soil; rare.

Point Pleasant (F, July 4, 1899).

A northern form closely allied with J. tenuis.

Juncus dichotomus Ell. Forked Rush,

Low, dry or moist sandy soil of the Coastal Plain, locally

5»bundant.
Fallsington (L) ; Tullytown (F) ; Bristol (D) (L) ; (Point

Pleasant).

r

118

The. Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

I

Juncus dichotomus Ell., var. platyphyllus Wiegand.

Dry or moist soil; rare.

Nockamixon (Tr-P) ; Eevere (L) ; Eockhill (F) ; Roelofs (L).

Juncus effusus L., var. solutus Fernald and Wiegand.

(J. effusus L. of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, in part, and of Fretz's
Flora.) Ehodora, xii. 81 (1910).

Meadows, marshes, ditches and shores; common.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Sellersville (L) ; Neshaminy
(Mc) ; Bycot (K) ; Bristol (B).

Juncus canadensis J. Gay.

Marshy ground ; not rare.

Sellersville (F) ; Morrisville (L) ; Tullytown (Dr) ; Edgely

(B).

Juncus subcaudatus (Engelm.) Coville & Blake.

(J. canadensis, var. subcaudatus of Gray's Manual, ed. 7).
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash, xxxi, 45 (1918).

Marshy ground; occasional.

Buckwampum Mountain (K) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Finland
(F); Fallsington (B).

Juncus nodosus L.

Wet ground; rare. Point Pleasant (F, July 4, 1899).

Juncus scirpoides Lam.

Wet sandy soil ; rare.

Bristol (L, August 4, 1927) ; (Neshaminy).

Juncus acumlnatus Michx.

Ditches and moist meadows and fields; common.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P); Ottsville (L) ; Almont (F);
Sellersville (Dr) ; Telford (B) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Neshaminy
(Mc) ; Buckingham (Dr) ; Washington's Crossing (Dr) ; Yard-
ley (Dr); Morrisville (Dr) ; Tullytown (F) ; Bristol (Dr) ;
Croydon (Dr).

[Juncus debilis Gray.

A plant of wet places and sandy shores reported from *' Oppo-
site Trenton" and Landisville but no material exists to verify
these records.]

Liliaceae

119

if

\

Juncus marginatus Bostk.

Moist sandy soil ; frequent.

Monroe (R-E) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Yardley (Dr) ; Roelofs (L) ; Bristol (C).

Luzula saltuensls Fernald. Wood Eush.

(Juncoides pilosum (L) Kuntze of Fretz's Flora.)

Rich banks and woods ; rare.

Spinnerstown (L) ; Argus (Bn) ; (Milford). The Milford
record may be covered by the Spinnerstown specimen.

Luzula campestris (L.) DC, var. multiflora (Ehrh.) Celak. Wood Bush.

Woods, fields and meadows, occasional.

Quakertown (F) ; Milford Square (B) ; Spinnerstown (L) ;
Rockhill (F) ; Turkey HiU (L).

Luzula campestris (L.) DC, var. bulbosa A. Wood.
Dry open sandy woods and thickets ; rare.
Turkey Hill (L, June 13, 1919).

Luzula campestris (L.) DC, var. echinata (SmaH) Fernald and Wiegand.

(L. campestris (L.) D.C., var. hulbosa of Gray's Manual, ed.
7, in part.) Rhodora, xv. 42 (1913).

Moist rather open woods and thickets ; common.

Nockamixon (B) ; Erwinna (L) ; Milford Square (L) ; Fin-
land (F) ; Telford (B) ; Dublin (B) ; Aquetong (Wi) ; Nesha-
miny (L) ; Trevose (Dr) ; Center Bridge (B) ; Washington's
Crossing (L) ; Morrisville (Dr) ; Fallsington (Dr) ; Andalusia
(L).

LILIACEAE (lily family)

Chamaelirium luteum (L.) Gray. Devil's Bit.

Low, usually open ground; not common.

Revere (Austin Fabian-R) ; Rockhill (F) (Bn) ; Doylestown
(Me); Bycot (J); (Plumstead).

Amianthium muscaetoxicum (Walt.) Gray. Fly Poison.
(Chrosperma muscaetoxicum of authors.)
Dry sandy open woods, or thickets ; rare.

120

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Tullytown (F) (V) (W) ; (Bensalem).
The latest collection from Tullytown is May 30, 1913, by
Fretz.

Melanthium virginicum L. Bunch-plowee.

Marshes, wet meadows and woods; rare.

Finland (B) ; Bristol (F) ; (Argus) ; (Tullytown).

Melanthium latif olium Dear.

Dry woods and hillsides ; not frequent.

Buckwampum Mt. (L) ; Finland (L) ; Kockhill (F) ; Sellers-
ville (F) ; Doylestown (Me); Center Bridge (R-E) ; (Argus).

Veratrum viride Ait. American White Helleboee.

Low meadows and woods; frequent.

Buckwampum Mountain (R-R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Rock-
hill Township (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Yardley (L) ; Fallsing-
ton (L) ; Andalusia (L).

Uvularia perf oliata L. Peefoliate Bellwoet.

Open, rather dry, woods; frequent.

Kintnersville (T) ; Sundale (L) ; Pleasant Valley (F) (B) ;
Finland (L) ; Argus (F) (B) ; Rockhill (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Aquetong (K).

TTvnlaria sessilif olla L. Sessile Bellwoet.

{Oakesia sessilif olia (L.) Wats, of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Rich dry or moist woods ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Rockhill (F) ;
Sellersville (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Me) ; Yardley
(Dr) ; Oxford Valley (L) ; Andalusia (L).

Alliam tricoccum Ait. Wild Leek.

Rich damp woods especially near streams ; locally abundant.
Durham (R-R) ; Steinburg (Wi) ; Ridge Valley (F) ; Bed-
minster (L) ; Plumstead (Ma); (Rockhill).

Allium canadense L. Wild Gaelic.

Damp soil, chiefly in meadows ; frequent.

Revere (R^R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Rockhill (M) ; Sellers-
ville (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Hulmeville (B) ;
Andalusia (L).

Liliaceae

121

♦Allium vineale L. Field Gaelic.

Moist fields, banks and meadows ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R); Sellersville (F) ; Danboro (L) ; Grenoble
(L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Croydon (Dr).

♦Allium carinatum L.

Roadside banks and meadows; adventive from Europe; rare.

Sellersville (Dr) ; Lumberville (F) ; Grenoble (L).

Also reported from Doylestown by J. Kirk Leatherman, but
no herbarium material was found.

♦Hemerocallis f ulva L. Day Lily.

Escaped from cultivation along roadside banks, borders of
streams and in waste places ; frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Finland (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Erwinna (B).

liilium philadelphicum L. Wood Lily.

Dry woods and thickets; frequent in Piedmont districts.

Durham (R-R) ; Revere (W) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Rockhill
(J) (y) ; Finland (Me) ; Argus (B) ; Almont (L) ; Doylestown
(Me); (Sellersville); (Solebury Township) ; (Tullytown).

Iiilium canadense L. Meadow Lily.

Moist meadows and bogs in rich soil ; common.
Monroe (R-R) ; Quakertown (Mo) ; Rockhill (W) ; Almont
(F) ; Telford (B) ; Fountainville (B) ; Doylestown (Me).

Iiilium superbum L. Tuek 's-Cap Lily.

Low rich soil of the Coastal Plain ; locally abundant.

Morrisville (B) ; Yardley (Dr) ; Fallsington (L) ; Tullytown
(B) ; Emilie (Dr) ; Croydon (B) ; (Bristol).

*Lilium tigrinum Ker. Tigee Lily.

Well established on wooded slope along streamlet in Bensalem
Township, one and three-fourths miles southwest of Hulmeville
(B, May 30, 1931).

Erythronium americanum Ker. Yellow Adder 's-tongue.

Rich woods and gravelly banks; common.

Revere (W) ; Ottsville (B) ; Quakertown (L) ; Milford Square
(L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Danboro (B) ; Doylestown

122

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

(Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Aquetong (L) ; Dolington (L) ; New
Hope (Sg) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Washington's Crossing (L) ;
Fallsington (L).

♦Tulipa sylvestris L.

Established in meadows and thickets; rare.

Sellersville (F) (Bn) ; PipersviUe (L) ; Langhorne (Miss L.
Canby-G).

♦Omithogalum umbeUatum L. STAE-or-BETHELHEM..

Escaped from gardens and established in meadows, fields and
roadsides; common.

Monroe (Kr-R) ; Bursonville (B) ; Ottsville (B) ; Milford
Square (L) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Telford (B) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ;
TuUytown (L) ; Hulmeville (B).

*Mu8caxl botryoides (L.) MiU. Grape Hyacinth.

Escaped from cultivation and established in meadows and
fence rows; infrequent.

Otfsville (L) ; Applebachsville (B) ; PipersviUe (L) ; Nesha-
miny (Mc) ; Hartsville (L).

*AspaxagU8 officinalis L. Gaeden Asparagus.

Roadside banks, fence rows and borders of thickets, escaped
from cultivation; frequent.

Ottsville (B) ; Haycock Run (B) ; Almont (F) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Furlong (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc).

Smllaclna racemosa (L.) Desf . False Spikenard.

{Yagnera racemosa (L.) Morong.)
Rich moist woods, thickets and banks ; common.
Monroe (R-R) ; Bridgeton Township (L) ; Ottsville (L) ;
Spinnerstown (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown
(Mc) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Rushland (L) ; Buckingham Valley
(B) ; Center Bridge (B) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Newportville (L) ;
Fallsington (L) ; Bristol (Dr).

Smilacina steUata (L.) Desf.

{Yagnera stellata (L.) Morong.)
Moist banks and thickets ; rare.

>

Liliaceae

123

Wyker's Island (Rr-R) ; Quakertown (B) ; Sellersville (F) ;
(Ridge Valley).

Maianthemum canadense Desf. False Lily-of-the-Yalley.

(JJnifolium canadense (Desf.) Greene.)

Dry or damp woods and banks ; common.

Nockamixon (C) (M) ; Ottsville (B) ; Tohickon (Me) ; Rich-
landtown (L) ; Milford Square (B) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Argus
(J) ; Rockhill (F) ; Almont (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Holicong
(Wi) ; Forks of Neshaminy (Bn) ; Yardley (L) ; Fallsington
(L) ; Penn Valley (S) ; Tullytown (M) ; Bristol (F).

Polygonatum pubescens (Willd.) Pursh. Small Solomon's Seal.

(P. hiflorum of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Bui. Torr. Bot. Club,
xlii, 253 (1915).

Dry woods, thickets and copses ; common.

Ottsville (L) ; Richlandtown (L) ; Quakertown (L) ; Milford
Square (L) ; Argus (J) ; Sellersville (F) ; PipersviUe (L) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; Rushland (L) ; Lower Black Eddy (L) ; New
Hope (Sg) ; Brownsburg (L).

Polygonatum biflonun (Walt.) Ell. Great Solomon's Seal.

(P. commutatum of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Bui. Torr. Bot.
Club, xlii, 254 (1915).

Meadows, banks and thickets; common.

Nockamixon (Se) ; Milford Square (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ;
Finland (B) ; Rockhill (F) ; Telford (Sm) ; New Britain (B) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Lahaska (L) ; Buckingham Valley (B) ; New
Hope (B) (Sg) ; Richboro (L) ; Bristol (Dr).

*ConvaUaria majalis L. Lily-of-the- Valley.

Escaped from cultivation ; not frequent.
Perkasie (F, May 10, 1881).

Medeola virginiana L. Indian Cucumber Boot.

Humus of rich woods and banks; frequent.

Pleasant Valley (B) ; Argus (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Buck-
ingham Valley (B) ; Yardley (L) ; Fallsington (L) ; Tullytown
(L) ; Andalusia (L).

124

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Iridaceae

125

n

Trillium erectum L.

Damp rich woodlands and banks; rare.
Nockamixon (F) (P) ; Narrowsville (V).

Trillium cemuum L. Nodding Wake Eobin.

Moist woods and banks; occasional in upper end.

Nockamixon (C) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; East Rock-
hill Township (F) ; Rockhill (F) ; Center Bridge (Rr-R) ; (Edi-
son).

Aletris f arinosa L. Colic Boot.

Sandy woods and thickets ; rare.

Rockhill (F, June 23, 1902, and June 22, 1903).

Smilax herbacea L. Carrion Flower.

Meadows, banks and thickets; common.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ;
Richlandtown (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Almont
(L) ; Telford (B) ; Plumstead (Mo) ; Point Pleasant (L) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Oxford Valley (B).

Smilax pulverulenta Michx.

(8. herbacea, var. pulverulenta of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Bui. Torr. Bot. Club, xliii. 420 (1916).

Banks, fence rows and meadows ; less frequent than preceding.

Nockamixon (P) (M) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Center
Bridge (B).

Smilax rotundif olia L. Green Brier.

Moist woods and thickets; locally abundant.

Monroe (R-R) ; Haycock Mountain (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ;
Finland (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Yardley (Dr) ; Fallsington (L) ;
Bristol (Dr).

Smilax glauca Walt. Saw Brier.

Dry sandy thickets in lower end ; rare.

Turkey Hill (L) ; Tullytown (M) ; Hulmeville (B) ; (Sellers-
ville) ; (Point Pleasant) ; (Bristol).

Smilax hispida Muhl.

Moist woods, thickets and wooded swamps; locally abundant
except on Coastal Plain.

Monroe (R-R) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Finland (B) ; Rockhill
(F) ; (W) ; Pipersville (L) ; (Argus).

DIOSCOREACEAE (yam family)
Dioscorea vlUosa L. Wild Yam Root.

Moist thickets and fence rows; frequent except on Coastal
Plain.

Narrowsville (L) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Shelly (B) ; Finland
(L) ; Rockhill (K) (W) ; Sellersville (F) ; Curley Hill (B) ;
Doylestown (B) (Me) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Oxford Valley (B).

AMARYLLIDACEAE (amaryl«lis family)

♦Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus L. Datfodil.

Established in meadows, banks and fence rows; occasional.
Finland (L) ; Pipersville (L) ; Danboro (B, single and double
forms) ; Neshaminy (Mc).

♦Narcissus poeticus L. Poet 's Narcissus.

Naturalized in various situations ; rare.
Haycock Township (Mo, June, 1879).

Hypoxis Mrsuta (L.) CoviUe. Stae Geass.

Dry, mostly sandy fields, thickets and open woods ; common.

Ottsville (B) ; Richlandtown (L) ; Milford Square (B) ; Spin-
nerstown (B) ; Finland (B) ; Rockhill (M) ; Argus (L) ; Telford
(B) ; Neshaminy (M) ; Buckingham (L).

IRIDACEAE (IRIS family)
Iris versicolor L. Blue Flag.

Marshes, meadows and wet shores ; common.

Nockamixon (Se) (P) (M) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Ottsville (L) ;
Richlandtown (Me) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Rockhill (M) ; Argus
(F) ; Almont (B) ; Tullytown (M) ; Bristol (M) ; Andalusia
(L).

Iris prismatica Pursh. Slendee Blue Flag.

Marshes and wet meadows; rare.
Sellersville (F) ; (Tullytown).

Ill

ii

126

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

*Iri8 pseudacorus L. Yellow Flag.

Abundantly established in a meadow.

Pleasant Valley (L, June 9, 1923) ; (Morrisville).

♦Iris gennanica L. Fleur-de-lis.

A European introduction becoming established in meadows;
rare.

Sellersville (F, June 8, 1923) ; (Buckingham Mountain ac-
cording to J. Kirk Leatherman. No herbarium material found.)

♦Belamcanda chlnensis (L.) DC. Blackberry Lily.

(Gemmingia chinensis of Fretz's Flora.)

Roadsides, open woods, thickets and waste places ; naturalized
occasionally.

Haycock Mountain (Ma) (Sm) ; Springfield Township (J. P.
Otter) ; Finland (L) ; Jericho Hill (L) ; New Hope (B).

Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michx. Blue-eyed Grass.

Fields, meadows, open woods and thickets ; frequent.

Bursonville (Me) ; Ottsville (L) ; Kellers Church (B) ; Rich-
landtown (B) ; Quakertown (F) ; Milford Square (L) ; Finland
(L) ; RockhiU (W) (M) (B) ; Argus (J) (M) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Center
Bridge (B) ; Brownsburg (Wi) ; Roelofs (L) ; Tullytown (W).

[Sisyrinchium angustif olium Mill.

A northern species reported from Ridge Valley by Fretz. The
material forming the basis for this record has been reidentified as
8. mucronatum,]

Sisyrinchium arenicola Bicknell.

Sandy field on Coastal Plain ; rare.
Bristol, (Dr, June 7, 1924).

Sisyrinchium gramineum Curtis. Blue-eyed Geass.

(8, graminoides Bicknell.)

Dry to moist grassy situations including damp open woods
and thickets ; frequent in upper end, occasional in lower end.

Kintnersville (Dr) ; Shelly (B) (F) ; Rockhill (B) ; Curley
Hill (B); Neshaminy (M) ; Lahaska (L) ; Tullytown (F) ;
Andalusia (L).

Orchidaceae

127

Sisyrinchium atlanticum Bicknell.

Dry to moist, sandy, open situations; occasional on Coastal
Plain.

Tullytown (F) (K) ; Bristol (B).

ORCHIDACEAE (orchid family)
[Cypripediom parviflorum Salisb. Yellow Lady's Slipper.

Keported from Argus and Lower Black Eddy but no herba-
rium material from the latter station has been located. A speci-
men from Argus is being treated here as C. parviflorum, var.
pubescens,]

Cypripediom parviflorum Salisb., var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight.

{C. hirsutum of authors, not Mill.)

Kich or moist upland woods and thickets ; rare.

Finland (Crawford and Sowden) ; Finland (Bl) ; Argus (J).

This plant is given only varietal rank by many writers. Some
even go so far as to regard it merely as an ecological form of the
species but so far no satisfactory explanation of this change
through ecological factors has been advanced.

Cypripedium acaule Ait. Moccasin Flower.

Woods and thickets ; locally abundant.

Buckwampum Mountain (Me) ; Springfield Township (F) ;
Pleasant Valley (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Ingham's Spring in
Solebury Township (Bt) ; Buckingham Mountain (Wi) ; Turkey
Hill (F) ; Koelofs (L) ; Fallsington (L) ; Tullytown (C) ; (Dur-
ham) ; (Bridge Valley).

Orchis spectabilis L. Showy Oechis.

Dry to somewhat damp woods, thickets and banks; not fre-
quent.

Nockamixon (M) ; Ottsville (L) ; Quakertown (B) ; Milford
Square (B) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Point Pleasant (Dar-
lington-G) ; New Hope (B).

Habenaria flava (L.) Gray.

Low meadows, open bogs and sometimes in wet open woods;
rare.

128 The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Durham (F) ; Narrowsville (F) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Finland
(Bl-G); (Rockhill); (Sellersville) ; (Buckingham).

Habenaria claveUata (Michx.) Spreng.

(Gymnadeniopsis claveUata (Michx.) Eydb.)

Open bogs and moist woods and thickets ; rare.

Buckwampum Mountain (R-R) ; Yardley (Dr) ; one and one-
half miles east of Langhorne (B) ; TuUytown (C) ; (Point Pleas-
ant).

[Habenaria cristata (Michx.) R. Br.

{Blephariglottis cristata (Michx.) Eaf.)
Reported from Langhorne by I. C. Martindale. No material
covering this record has been found. This is primarily a Coastal
Plain orchid and is represented from Pennsylvania by herbarium
material only from Frazer's Bog, Willow Grove, Montgomery
County.]
Habenaria ciUaris (L.) R. Br. Yellow Fringed Oechis.

Boggy woods and thickets ; rare.

Yardley (B, August 28, 1923, and Dr, August 8, 1925).
This plant was not credited to Bucks County by any of the
previous writers.

Habenaria lacera (Michx.) E. Br. Ragged Feinged Oechis.

(Blephariglottis lacera (Michx.) Rydb.)

Swamps, damp fields, meadows, roadsides and thickets; scat-
tered but nowhere plentiful.

Nockamixon (P) ; Revere (W) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill (F) ;
Brownsburg (B) ; Penn Valley (C) ; TuUytown (C) ; Bristol
(C).
Habenaria psycodes (L.) Sw. Purple Feinged Orchis.

(Blephariglottis psycodes (L.) Rydb.)

Wet places ; very rare.

Buckwampum Mountain (R-R, August, 1885) ; Point Pleas-
ant (F, August, 1882, and July 11, 1899).

I

Orchidaceae

^

9b'

^ 1#

129

Pogonio ophioglossoides (L.) Ker. Rose Pogonia.

Bogs, in acid soil ; rare.

Pleasant Valley (B) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill (W) (P) (J) ;
Oxford Valley (L).

Isotria verticmata (WiUd.) Raf.

(Pogonia verticillata of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Damp woodlands and bogs; rare.

TuUytown (F) (C) (Bn) ; Roelofs (L) ; Bristol (L) ; Anda-
lusia (Ma); (Buckingham).

Triphora trianthopbora (Sw.) Rydb. Nodding Pogonl^.

(Pogonia trianthophora of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Rich woods; rare.

Richland Township (Mo, August 30, 1879).

Calopogon pulcheUus (Sw.) R. Br.

(Limodorum tuberosum L. of Fretz's Flora.)
Bogs; rare.

Springfield Township (C. F. Myers, between 1873 and 1879) ;
Bristol (L, July 1, 1931).

*Serapias HeUeborine L.

Introduced about house with shrubbery; rare.

Riegekville (Pr, August 8, 1923).

This plant was probably introduced from Europe and has
been known from certain parts of the country for many years.
It appears to be the only orchid which is spreading to any ex-
tent and prefers wild situations rather than cultivated and waste
ground as is the case with most adventive plants. In some parts
of the country, e.g,, in sections of central and western New York
State, it is becoming very abundant.

Spiranthes Beckii Lindl.

(Gyrostachys simplex of Fretz's Flora.)

Dry soil of the Coastal Plain; rare and local.

Penn Valley (J, August 17, 1897).

Spiranthes gracilis (Bigel.) Beck. Slender Ladies' Tbesses.

(Gyrostachys gracilis of Fretz's Flora.)

Dry, preferably sandy or gravelly, banks and thickets; fre-
quent.

^*

130

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Pleasant Valley (B) ; Perkasie (Pr) ; Almont (L) ; Roelofs
(L) ; Newtown (Va-G) ; Penn Valley (C) (J) ; (Tullytown).

Spiranthes lucida (H. H. Eaton) Ames. Ladies' Tresses.

(Oyrostachys plantaginea (Raf.) Britton of Fretz's Flora.)
Moist soil including stream banks and shores; infrequent.
Ottsville (B) ; Pleasant Valley (B); Andalusia (Ma).

Spiranthes cemua (L.) Eichard. Ladies' Tresses.

{Oyrostachys cemua of Fretz's Flora.)

Moist to wet open soil ; frequent.

Durham (R-R) ; Narrowsville (M) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ;
Roekhill (K) (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Buckingham (J) ; Penn's
Park (L) ; Yardley (Me) ; Penns Manor (B) ; Tullytown (C)
(J); Roelofs (L) ; Bristol (C).

Eplpactis pubescens (WiUd.) A. A. Eaton. Rattlesnake Plantain.

{Peramium puhescens of Fretz's Flora.)

Dry soil of coniferous woods and sometimes deciduous woods ;
infrequent.

Ottsville (B) ; Erwinna (L) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ;
Pleasant Valley (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Brownsburg (B).

CoraUorrhiza maculata Eaf . Coral Boot.

(C multiflora Nutt.)

Dry to somewhat damp woods in rather light soils ; infrequent.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Beaver Creek (B) ; Haycock
Mountain (Mc) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Roekhill (B) ; Argus
(L) ; Feasterville (B) ; (Durham) ; (Holicong).

CoraUorrliiza odontorliiza (WiUd.) Nutt.

Damp, usually sandy or gravelly, woods ; infrequent.

Durham (Rr-R) ; Revere (L) ; Beaver Creek (B) ; Haycock
Mountain (Mc) ; (R. G. Bechdolt) ; Argus (B) ; Roekhill (L) ;
Lumberville (L) ; Aquetong (L) ; Newtown (Vs~6) ; Penn Val-
ley (J); (Springfield).

Malaxis unifoUa Michx. Adder's Mouth.

(Microstylis unifolia of Gray '3 Manual, ed. 7.)

Rocky woods ; rare.

North of Springtown (John Cawley, July, 1911).

Salicaceae

131

♦ »

>

9 ■

Liparis liliif olia (L.) Bichard. Twayblade.

Dry open woods ; frequent except on Coastal Plain.

Monroe (R) ; Narrowsville (Bn) ; Ottsville (L) ; Buckwam-
pum Mountain (L) ; Richlandtown (L) ; Finland (L) ; Milford
Square (B) ; Roekhill (F) ; Rocky Ridge (W) ; Buckingham
(Dr. Susan Parry) ; Buckmanville (L) ; Brownsburg (B) ;
(Argus); (Pineville) ; (Center Bridge).

Liparis Loeselli (L.) Bichard.

Damp open soil and thickets; infrequent.

Nockamixon (Ba) ; Finland (B) ; Lumberville (F) ; Yardley
(A. B. Kaufifman).

Aplectmm hyemale (Muhl.) Torr. Puttyroot. Adam-and-Eve.

(A, spicatum of Fretz's Flora.)

Humus of rich dry to somewhat damp woodlands ; rare.

Woods near Deep Run (B1~G, May 27, 1916) ; (Haycock) ;
(Roekhill. According to information received from Dr. C. D.
Fretz in 1923 this refers to West Roekhill Township, near Al-
mont) ; (Jericho Hill).

PIPERACEAE (pepper family)

Sanmms cemnns L. Lizard's Tail.

Muddy shores, ditches and swamps; locally abundant.

Beaver Creek (Rr-R) ; Haycock Run (F) ; Weisel (B) ; To-
hickon Park (F) ; Castle Valley (Me) ; Newtown (Va-G) ; Tul-
lytown (J); Bristol (Bo).

SALICACEAE (willow family)
Salix nigra Marsh. Black V^ilow.

Banks and shores of streams and ponds; common along the
Delaware River, occasional elsewhere.

Narrowsville (M) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point
Pleasant (F) ; Rushland (L) ; Morrisville (Dr) ; Tullytown
(Ba) ; Bristol (B) ; Andalusia (L).

«

*Salix pentandra L. Bay-leaved Willow.

A rare escape from cultivation.

One specimen in the Philadelphia Botanical Cluh collection is
labelled, **Bank of Delaware River, Bucks Co., Pa., (Ma,
1865)."

I

1r

132

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Salicaceae

133

The exact locality cannot be definitely determined, although it
is likely that the plant came from Bensalem Township where
Martindale did most of his collecting in Bucks County.

Salix lucida Muhl. Shining Wuxow.

Swamps and wet banks and shores ; rare.
Springfield Township (F) ; Emilie (L).

*Saliz alba L. White Willow.

Alluvial banks and shores ; naturalized from Europe ; not very

frequent.
RockhiU (F, May, 1881) ; (Sellersville).

*Sallx alba L., var. vitelllna (L.) Koch.

Similar situations as preceding ; frequent.

Pleasant Valley (L) ; Almont (B) ; Buckmanville (L).

♦Sallx fragills L. Crack Willow.

Naturalized in fence-rows and along ditches and streams ; oc-
casional.

Ottsville (B) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; RockhiU (B) ; Sellersville

(F); Bristol (Dr).
A hybrid between this and S. alba was found at Monroe

(R-R).

♦Sallx babylonica L. Weeping Willow.

Extensively cultivated and sometimes established; not fre-
quent.

Revere (L) ; Sellersville (F).

Sallx longif olia Muhl. Sand Bae Willow.

(/S. fluviatilis of authors, not Nutt. ; 8. interior Rowlee).

Sand bars and sandy alluvium along the Delaware River;
locally abundant.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Kintnersville (R-R) ; Point Pleasant (F) ;
Lumberville (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Washington's Crossing
(L) ; Morrisville (L) ; TuUytown (B) ; Bristol (Dr).

Salix cordata Muhl.

Along streams and in alluvial soil ; common.
Riegelsville (L) ; Nockamixon (L) ; Narrowsville (M) ; Spin-
nerstown (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Neshaminy

^ f^

(L) ; Hartsville (Dr) ; New Hope (Sg) ; Washington's Crossing
(L) ; Morrisville (B) ; TuUytown (Ba).

Salix myricoides Muhl.

(8, cordata, var. myricoides of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Re-
garded as a hybrid between 8, cordata and 8. sericea.

Wet places ; rather frequent.

Narrowsville (P) ; Sellersville (F) ; Neshaminy (L) ; Grenoble
(L); TuUytown (Ba).

Salix discolor Muhl. Glaucous Willow.

Swamps, moist banks and meadows ; not rare.
Narrowsville (T) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Finland (L) ; Spin-
nerstown (L) ; RockhiU (F) (V) (M) ; New Hope (Sg).

[Salix petiolaris Sm.

A rather rare and widely scattered species reported from
Sellersville. The material forming the basis for this record has
been re-identified as 8. cordata and 8. myricoides.]

Salix humilis Marsh. Prairie Willow.

Dry, sterile soil ; frequent.

Haycock Mountain (Mc) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; RockhiU (B)
(F) ; Argus (C) ; Dublin (L) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Hartsville
(L) ; Roelofs (L) ; Buckmanville (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Bristol
(B); (Sellersville).

Salix alpina. Walt. Dwarf Gray Willow.

(8. tristis Ait.). Rhodora, xvii. 136 (1915).
Borders of hillside thickets, mostly in dry soil ; rare.
Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Revere (L) ; RockhiU (B) (F) ;
Argus (F).

Sallx sericea Marsh. Silky Willow.

Wet meadows, swamps and banks ; frequent.

Buckwampum Mountain (Rr-R) ; Bridgeton Township (T) ;
East RockhiU Township (F) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Almont (L) ;
Neshaminy (L) ; Buckingham (L) ; Rushland (L) ; Grenoble
(L) ; TuUytown (Ba) ; (Argus) ; (SeUersville).

134

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Myricaceae

135

Salix Bebbiana Sarg.

(8. rostrata Richards.) Rhodora, xxvi. 122 (1924).
Dry or moist soil, sometimes in woods and thickets; not fre-
quent.

Bursonville (L) ; RockhiU (B) ; Almont (L) ; Sellersville (F) ;
(Perkasie) ; (Point Pleasant).

*Salix purpurea L. Purple Willow.

Sparingly escaped from cultivation where it was grown for
basket material ; locally abundant in low ground.

Quakertown (F, possibly a cultivated specimen) ; RockhiU
(B) ; TuUytown (L) ; (Bensalem).

*Salix Caprea L. Goat Willow.

An escape from cultivation; rare.
Spinnerstown (L) ; Buckmanville (L).

Populus alba L. White Poplae.

An introduced plant; occasionally spontaneous.
Telford (B) ; Neshaminy (B).

Populus tremuloides Michx. American Aspen.

Light sandy or gravelly soil ; frequent.

Riegelsville (L) ; Nockamixon (Fo) ; Revere (L) ; Buckwam-
pum Mountain (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Hagersville (B) ; Rock-
hiU (M) ; Sellersville (F) ; Glen Lake (Bn) ; (Argus) ; (Mechan-
ics ville).

When not in leaf this tree can be identified by its smooth
buds and the following species, P. grandidentata, can be told by
its gray, pubescent bads.

Populus grandidentata Michx. Large-toothed Aspen.

Rich woods and borders of streams ; frequent.

Revere (L) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Pleasant Valley
(B) ; Richlandtown (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Hagersville (B) ;
RockhiU (M) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Grenoble (L) ; Glen Lake
(Bn) ; Penns Park (L) ; Roelofs (L) ; TuUytown (B) ; Bristol
(B) ; (Perkasie) ; (Sellersville).

I

*Popalas candicans Ait.

Low ground; rare.

Monroe (R-R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) (L) ; Geryville (L) ;
(Argus); (Bedminster).

This is the Balm of Gilead, an introduced tree of uncertain
origin. It is also of uncertain status taxonomically.

♦Populus balsamif era L. Cotton Wood.

(P. deltoides of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Journ. Arnold Arb. i,
62 (1919). The P. halsamifera of American authors, not L., is
now considered to be properly named P. tacamahacca Mill. (Bal-
sam Poplar) and is a tree of the Far North.

Occasionally established. Yardley (L).

*Populus nigra L.

(P. hudsonica Michx.)

A tree of early European introduction ; rarely established.

Riegelsville (Bn, September 4, 1892).

♦Populus nigra L., var. itaUca DuRoi. Lombardy Poplar.

(P. dilatata of Fretz's Flora.)

A native of Asia, introduced by way of Europe ; occasionally

established.

Riegelsville (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Rock-
hill).

MYRICACEAE (sweet gale family)
Myrica caroliniensis Mill. Baybeery.

(This was the original spelling employed by Miller, Gard.
Diet., ed. 8 (1768) and not caroUnensis as found in the manuals.)
Sterile soil on Coastal Plain ; rare.

Bristol (B, July 8, 1927, and October 13, 1928).

Myrica asplenif oUa L. Sweet Fern.

Sterile rocky and sandy soils ; locally abundant.
Durham (B) ; Springfield (F) ; Buckingham (K) ; Bycot
(K); Bristol (B).

136

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

JUGLANDACEAE (walnut family)

Jnglans cinerea L. Butteenut. White Walnut.

Rich wooded hillsides and on lowlands ; frequent in upper end.
Monroe (R-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Argus (J) ; Point Pleas-
ant (L).

Jnglans nigra L. Black Walnut.

Rich woods or open soil ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Finland (L) ; Sellersville (B) ; Aquetong
(K) ; Neshaminy Falls (M).

Carya ovata (MiU.) K. Koch. Shag-baek Hickory.

(Hicoria ovata (Mill.) Britton.)

Rich moist soil of hillsides and valleys ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Ottsville (B) ; Rockhill (M) ; Almont (L) ;
SeUersville (M) (F); Telford (B) ; Danboro (B) ; Neshaminy
(Mc); New Hope (B).

Carya laciniosa (Michx. f .) Loud. King Nut.

(Hicoria laciniosa (Michx. f.) Sarg.)

Moist rich bottomlands or fertile hillsides ; becoming rare and
local.

Ottsville (L) ; Quakertown (Bl) ; Sellersville (M) ; Telford
(B); (Ridge Valley) ; (Rockhill); (Bedminster) ; (Pipersville).

Carya alba (L.) K. Koch. Mocker Nut.

(Hicoria alha (L.) Britton).

Rich moist rather open woods and slopes ; locally abundant.

Monroe (R^R) ; Sellersville (F) (M) ; Grenoble (L) ; New
Hope (B).

Carya glabra (MiU.) Spach. Pignut Hickory.
(Hicoria glabra (Mill.) Britton.)

Dry woodlands, sometimes in moist situations ; frequent.
Monroe (R-R) ; Sellersville (F) (M) ; Emilie (B) ; (Solebury).

Carya cordiformls (Wang.) K. Koch. Bitter Nut.
(Hicoria minima (Marsh.) Britton.)

Moist rich woods and banks of streams ; scattered, solitary and
very local.

Narrowsville (K) ; Rockhill (M) ; Sellersville (M).

Betulaceae

137

BETULACEAE (birch family)
Corylns americana Walt. Hazelnut.

Hillsides, thickets and borders of woods; frequent in upper

end.

Nockamixon (R-R) ; Bridgeton Township (J) ; Springtown
(L) ; Shelly (B) ; Finland (B) ; Almont (B) ; Rockhill (M) (B).

Corylns comuta Marsh. Beaked Hazelnut.

(C rostrata Ait.)

Thickets and woodland borders in hilly places ; rare.

Durham Furnace (R) ; Rockhill (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ;
Center Bridge (B) ; Brownsburg (L).

This species can easily be distinguished from the preceding at
flowering time by its sessile catkins.

Ostrya vlrginiana (Mill.) K. Koch. Hop Hornbeam.

Dry to moist shaded slopes and ridges; frequent except in
lower end.

NarrowsviUe (J) (L) ; Revere (L) ; Shelly (B) ; Milford
Square (F) ; SeUersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (P) (Bn) ; War-
rington (L) ; Rushland (V & L) ; Grenoble (L) ; New Hope
(Sg); (Rockhill).

Carpinus caroliniana Walt. Blue or Water Beech.

In swamps and along streams ; frequent.

Bridgeton Township (T) ; Springtown (B) ; Milford Square
(L) ; Rockhill (M) ; Pipersville (F) ; New Hope (Sg) ; Aque-
tong (L).

Betula lenta L. Sweet Birch.

Rich open soil and dry rocky woods and hillsides; frequent
except on Coastal Plain.

Narrowsville (L) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Haycock
Mountain (L) ; Springtown (L) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill (F) ;
Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me); Aquetong (L) ; Ingham
Spring, Solebury Township (Bt) ; Roelofs (L) ; Richboro (L) ;
Hulmeville (B).

138

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

[Betula lutea Michx. f . Yellow Biech.

Reported from stations in Lehigh County within sight of
Bucks County but it has never been detected on this side of the
County line.]

Betula nigra L. Rivee Biech.

Swamps and stream banks; locally very common.

Narrowsville (M) ; Otteville (B) ; Pipersville (L) ; Point
Pleasant (L) ; Forks of Neshaminy (Bn) ; Rushland (L) ; Mor-
risville (L) ; Tullytown (B) ; Bristol (B) ; Andalusia (L).

Betula populifolla Marsh. White oe Geay Biech.

Moist soil along streams and ponds, also on hillsides ; frequent.

Springtown (F) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Argus (L) ;
Bedminster (F) ; Morrisville (L) ; Penn Valley (C) ; Turkey
Hill (L) ; Fallsington (L) ; Tullytown (B) ; Bristol (B) ; (Ben-
salem).

Alnus rugosa (DuRoi) Spreng. Smooth Aldee.

Wet ground; frequent.

Nockamixon (P) ; Spinnerstown (B) ; Rockhill (B) ; Almont
(B) ; Argus (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Feasterville (B) ; Croydon
(B).

Wiegand, in Flora of the Cayuga Lake Basin, p. 177 (1926),
credits the specific name to Ehrhart on the basis that its publi-
cation by DuRoi was scarcely valid.

FAGACEAE (beech family)
Fagus grandif olia Ehrh. Beech.

(F. americana Sweet.)

Rich uplands, slopes and moist bottom lands ; frequent.

Nockamixon (Rr-R) ; Buckwampum Mountain (Rr-R) ; Fin-
land (F) ; RockhiU (F) ; Telford (B) ; Point Pleasant (Whar-
ton Huber) ; Rushland (V & L) ; Grenoble (L) ; Forks of Nesha-
miny (Bn) ; Langhorne (B).

Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Chestnut.

Hillsides and well drained bottom lands; frequent until its
virtual extinction by the blight; now occasionally reestablish-
ing itself by means of suckers.

Fagaceae

139

"^iL

Buckingham Mountain (B) ; Ingham Springs, Solebury Town-
ship (Bt).

Quercus alba L. White Oak.

Dryish or moist woods on hillsides and bottom lands ; common.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Rockhill (K) ; Argus (K) ; Aquetong (K) ;
Neshaminy (Mc).

Quercus steUata Wang. Post Oak.

Dry sandy or rocks soil ; rare and local.

Furlong (B) ; Carversville (F) ; Penn Valley (C) ; Turkey
Hill (L).
Quercus bicolor Willd. Swamp White Oak.

Rich soils of meadows and along streams and swamps; occa-
sional.

Revere (L) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill (K) ; Argus (K) ; Sellers-
ville (F) ; Grenoble (L) ; Oxford Valley (B).

[Quercus MuWenbergli Engelm.

A very rare oak in southeastern Pennsylvania. It was re-
ported from Sellersville but no specimens have been seen.]

Quercus prlnoides Willd.

Dry to moist rocky or sandy soil ; rare and local.

Ottsville (L) ; Plumstead Township (F) ; Turkey Hill (C) ;
Penn Valley (C) ; (Nockamixon).

Quercus Prinus L. Chestnut Oak.

Dry hillsides and banks ; locally frequent.

Nockamixon (J) ; West Rockhill Township (F) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Aquetong (K) ; Brownsburg (E).

Quercus rubra L. Eed Oak.

Usually somewhat dry, sandy or gravelly soils ; frequent.
Narrowsville (Br) ; OttsviUe (L) ; Telford (B) ; Bridgewater

(C).

The Mossy Cup Oak (Q. macrocarpa) occurs at several places in Sole-
bury Township. The parent trees of these oaks are growing in a yard
near Center Bridge. These trees were doubtless planted there many years
ago for they occur in rows with Kentucky Coffee Tree (Gymnocladus dioica).
Who planted them or where they came from is not known.

r

140

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

According to C. S. Sargent (Rhodora, xvii. 39 (1915) and
xviii. 48 (1916), the name Q. rubra L. should be applied to the
southern tree recently called Q. falcata and Q. digitata. The
far northern red oak would then become Q, iorealis Michx. f.,
and our local red oak would become Q, horealis Michx. f., var.
maxima (Marsh.) Sarg. The general opinion is that this trans-
fer of the name Q. rubra is not based on very good evidence and
is causing needless confusion. The well known and long used
Linnaean name is retained here for our local red oak. Accord-
ing to House (N. Y. State Mus. Bui. Ix. 243 (1923)) the far
northern red oak is Q. rubra L., var. borealis but this tree does
not come within our range.

Quercus palustrls DuRoi. Pin Oak.

Borders of swamps and in meadows and rich moist alluvial
soil ; frequent.

Narrowsville (M) ; Rockhill (K) (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Tel-
ford (B) ; Grenoble (L) ; New Hope (B).

Qnercas exacta Trelease.

(Q, imbricaria X palustris Engelmann.) See check list of the
Forest Trees of U. S., U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Misc. Cir. 92,
p. 96 (1927). Along edge of stream bank in meadow, Finland
(B) (L).

This hybrid has been known at this station for a number of
years. It is not known when or by whom the tree was discov-
ered but material was sent to Dr. C. S. Sargent and other authori-
ties by Dr. W. A. Kline, of CoUegeville, Penn. See Dr. Kline's
account in Forest Leaves of Pennsylvania, xvi, 120 (1918).

Quercus coccinea Muench. Scarlet Oak.

Dry sandy or gravelly soil ; frequent.

Rattlesnake Hill, Durham Township (Rr-R) ; West Rockhill
Township (F) ; Sellersville (B) ; Bristol (St).

Quercus velutina Lam. Quercitron.
Dry ridges and banks ; occasional.
Monroe (Rr-R) ; Rockhill (F) j Telford (B) ; Brownsburg (B).

Urticaceae 141

Quercus falcata Michx. Spanish Oak.
Sandy soil in lower end ; rare.
Penn Valley (C) ; Bensalem (Ma).

Quercus ilicif olia Wang. Bear or Black Scrub Oak.

Rocky hillsides or dry sandy soil ; rare.

Kohrs Hill, Durham Township (R-R) ; East Rockhill Town-
ship (F) ; Penn Valley (C).

Quercus marylandica Muench. Black Jack Oak.

Dry, sterile usually sandy soil ; local and not very abundant.
Lahaska (L) ; Furlong (B) ; Penn Valley (C) ; (Perkasie).

Quercus Budkinii Britton.

(Q. marilandicaxphellos,)
Low woods; rare.

TuUytown (C, September 3, 1897) and Tullytown (F, May 30,
1899).

Quercus pheUos L. Willow Oak.

Moist sandy soil of the Coastal Plain where it is rather fre-
quent; absent elsewhere.

Penn Valley (C) ; Tullytown (C) ; Emilie (B) ; Bristol (M)
(F) ; Andalusia (L).

Quercus heterophyUa Michx. f .

Low ground ; rare.

Bristol (C, August 15, 1908); (Tullytown).

A hybrid whose parentage is not thoroughly understood. It
is generally supposed that it is derived from Q, phellos and Q.
rubra.

URTICACEAE (nettle famhjy)

TJlmus fulva Michx. Slippeey Elm.

Kich soil along streams and hillsides; frequent except on

Coastal Plain.

Riegelsville (L) ; Kintnersville (T) ; Rockhill (B) ; Argus
(K) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; New Hope (Sg) ;
Brownsburg (L) ; Morrisville (L).

^li

'

142

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

11

Ulrnus amerlcana L. American oe White Elm.

Rich moist woods, also on upland situations; frequent.
Haycock Mountain (L) ; Springtown (We) ; Riegelsville (L) ;
Rockhill (M) ; Furlong (Dr) ; TuUytown (B).

Celtis occidentalis L. Sugabbeery. Hackberry.

Fence rows, stream banks and wooded slopes ; occasional.

Ottsville (B); Springtown (B) ; Sellersville (B) ; Point
Pleasant (L) ; Brownsburg (B) ; Feajsterville (B) ; Hulmeville
(B).^ .

This is a tree exhibiting much variation in size, form and tex-
ture of foliage and shape of fruit but these variations are not
well understood.

A form with acute or short acuminate leaves, recognized by
some writers as C. canina Raf., was found along the Delaware
River at RiegelsviUe (L, May 12, 1909), and Ottsville (B, Sep-
tember 19, 1931). These trees were quite large.

Another form with subglobose fruit and leaves rough on the
upper surface known to some writers as C. crassifoUa Lam. has
been found at Finland (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Richboro (L) ;
and Buckmanville (L).

A specimen with short pedicels, less than twice as long as the
drupe, regarded by some authors as C, georgiana Small, was
found at Sellersville (F).

^Cannabis satlva L. Hemp.

Waste places ; infrequent.
Sellersville (B, October 21, 1917).

Hmnulus Lupulus L. Common Hop.

Fence rows, meadows and waste places ; infrequent.
Springfield Township (F) ; Tohickon Creek (Gr).

*Humuliis japonicus Sieb. & Zucc.

Escaped from cultivation to meadows, roadsides and waste
places; infrequent.

Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (B) ; Morrisville (B) ; Edding-
ton (B).

Urticaceae 143

♦Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneider. Osage Orange.

Hedges and thickets; rarely spontaneous.
Bycot (Dr, June 14, 1891).

*Brou8sonetia papyrlfera (L.) Vent. Paper Mulberry.

(Papyrius papyrifera (L.) Kuntze.

An escape from cultivation ; rare.

Well established at Brownsburg (L, November 1, 1931).

Moms rubra L. Bed Mulberry.

Rich rather moist soil ; occasional.

Narrowsville (M) ; Revere (L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Rockhill (F) ;
Croydon (K).

^Mortis alba L. White Mulberry.

Spontaneous in fence rows, borders of woods and waste places ;
occasional.
Telford (B) ; Hilltown (F) ; Hulmeville (B) ; Bristol (Dr).

Urtica procera Muhl.

{Urtica gracilis of authors, not Ait.)

Rhodora, xxviii. 191-199 (1926).

Low ground including roadsides and waste places ; frequent.

Nockamixon (F) ; Erwinna (L) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Lum-
berville (Me); Morrisville (Ba).

The real Z7. gracilis, according to Fernald, is a northern spe-
cies which does not come south into our area.

*Urtica dioica L. Stinging Nettle.

Waste places; occasional.
Argus (F) ; Point Pleasant (B).

Laportea canadensis (L.) Gaud. Wood Nettle.

(Urticastrum divaricatum Ktze.)

Damp rich woods ; frequent.

Buckwampum Mountain (Rr-R) ; RockhiU (F) ; Telford (B) ;
Tohickon Creek (Gr) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
TuUytown (B).

^

^g^»JWf!qcwa»)MrW^wc.Mi'WiigRB»».»MMi

SSB

wr

144

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Pilea pumila (L.) Gray. Richwieed. CJleaeweed.

Damp shaded situations and wet rocks ; common.

Monroe (Er-R) ; Weisel (Sm) ; Rockhill (F) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Point Pleasant (B) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Jamison (Dr) ; Morris-
ville (B); TuUytown (B).

Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. False Nettle.

Wet soil in woods or open places ; common.

Durham Furnace (B) ; Narrowsville (G) ; Rockhill (F) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Lumberville (B) ; Mor-
risville (Ba) ; Fallsington (L) ; Bristol (L) ; Andalusia (L).

The specimens from Point Pleasant, Lumberville, Morrisville
and TuUytown are more like the Coastal Plain form and are
probably intermediate between the typical species and the form
known as B. cylindrica, var. Drummondiana Wedd. which is a
Coastal Plain variety. Rhodora, xii. 10 (1910).

Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl. Pellitoey.

Cliffs and shaded banks ; locally abundant.
Nockamixon (P) (Bn) ; Ottsville (L) ; Sundale (L) ; Sellers-
ville (F) ; Pipersville (L) ; Point Pleasant (L).

SANTALACEAE (sandalwood family)
Comandra umbeUata (L.) Nutt. Bastard Toad-flax.

Dry fields and thickets; widely scattered but nowhere very
abundant.

Narrowsville (Bn) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Dublin
(L) ; Buckingham Valley (B) ; Yardley (L) ; Turkey Hill (L) ;
PennVaUey (C).

LORANTHACEAE (mistletoe family)
Phoradendron flavescens (Pursh.) Nutt.

On Nyssa sylvatica branches; very rare.

Yardley (L, September 27, 1924).

This southern plant formerly grew in many places in New
Jersey. Its northernmost station was in Monmouth County.
It can still be found in a few scattered localities in that state.

Its discovery at Yardley was quite by chance. Mr. E. K.
Dreisbach and Mr. Bayard Long were exploring the region and

Folygonaceae

145

were commenting on what new things should be looked for in
connection with the plant associations found there. Finally Mr.
Long suggested that P. flavescens might be found there and Mr.
Dreisbach in response to the suggestion climbed the largest
specimen of Nyssa sylvatica in sight and was rewarded with the
discovery of this rare parasite.

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE (birthwort family)

Asanun canadense L. Wild Gingee.

Eich rocky woods; frequent throughout County except on
Coastal Plain where it occurs occasionally.

Nockamixon (T) (C) (Pr) ; Bridgeton Township at Ringing
Rocks (L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Quakertown (L) ; Milford Square
(F) (Pr) ; Finland (F) ; Trumbauersville (F) ; Argus (B) ;
Point Pleasant (F) ; Pipersville (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Edison
(Fo-P) ; Center Bridge (B) ; New Hope (Va-G) ; TuUytown
(B).

Asamm canadense L., var. reflexmn (BickneU) Kobinson.

{A, reflexum Bicknell.)

Similar situations as species ; infrequent.

Ridge Valley (F) ; SeUersville (F) (Rockhill).

Aristolochia Serpentaria L. Vieoinia Snakeroot.

Rich, often rock woods ; rare and local.

Monroe (R-R) ; Revere (Lewis Sigafoos-R) ; Rockhill (F) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Aquetong (L).

FOLYGONACEAE (buckwheat family)
♦Kumex Patientia L. Patience Dock.
Established in waste places and fields ; rare.
RockhiU (W, June 21, 1908).

^Bumex altisstmus Wood.

Established along railroad siding ; rare.

Sellersville (F, July 10, 1898, and June 16, 1901).

Plant was extinct at this station when sought for by Dr. C. 1).
Fretz in 1924.

146

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

^Btiinex crispus L. Yellow Dock.

Cultivated and waste ground ; frequent.

Dublin (L) ; Neshaminy (Me) ; New Hope (B) ; Fallsington
(Dr) ; Oxford Valley (L) ; Bristol (Dr).

*Biimex obtusif olius L. Bitter Dock.

Fields, roadsides and waste places; occasional.
Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; New Hope (B) ; Croy-
don (Dr).

• • •

*Bumex sanguineus L.

Established in waste places ; rare.
Sellersville (F) ; Dublin (L).

*Bumex pulcher L.

Ballast and waste ground ; rare.
Penn Valley (M, August, 1897).

*Bumex AcetoseUa L. Sheep Sorrel.

Cultivated ground, roadsides, and waste places; a common
weed.

Pleasant Valley (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Bristol (L).

Polygonum aviculare L. Knotweed.

Waste places and cultivated ground ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy
(Mc) ; Traymore (L) ; Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (B) ; Bris-
tol (B).

The Yardley (L) specimen is var. crassifolium with obscurely
wrinkled, shining achenes and the leaves somewhat thickened and
spatulate.

Polygonum erectum L.

Fence rows, roadsides and waste places ; locally abundant.
Chalfont (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Lumberville (L) ; Tully-
town (B).

Polygonaceae

147

Polygonum tenue Michx.

Dry sterile situations ; frequent.

Ottsville (B) ; Argus (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Carversville (L) ; Morrisville (Dr) ; TuUy-
town (B).

Polygonum lapatliif olium L.

Gravelly soil along the Delaware River ; occasional.

Riegelsville (Pr) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Lower Black Eddy
(L) ; Brownsburg (L).

Polygonum coccineum Muhl.

(P. Muhlenhergii of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xxxvii,

127 (1925).

Borders of ponds, along streams and in marshes ; frequent.

Narrowsville (Bn) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Brownsburg (L) ; Yardley (L) ; Penn Valley (B) ; Penns
Manor (B) ; Tullytown (L) ; Bristol (St).

[Polygonum pennsylvanicum L.
A Coastal Plain species so far not found in the County.]

Polygonum pennsylvanicum L., var. laevigatum Fernald.

(P. pennsylvanicum of Fretz's Flora.) Rhodora, xix. 70

(1917).

Moist rich open soil ; frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Perkasie (B) ;
Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Loimberville (L) ; Washington's
Crossing (Me) ; Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Bristol (L).

Some of the river shore specimens are flat in habit and may
represent a different variety.

Polygonum Hydropiper L. Smaetweed. Water Pepper.

Wet rich open soil ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Lumberville
(L) ; Washington's Crossing (L) ; Yardley (L) ; Oxford Val-
ley (L).

■ifr^

i

i

\

i

r •

148

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Polygonum ponctatum Ell. Watee Smartweed.

(P. acre of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, in part.)

Borders of ponds, swamps and in wet open soil and open
woods; common.

Riegelsville (Pr) ; Richlandtown (B) ; Quakertown (Pr) ;
Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Nesha-
miny (Me) ; Woodbourne (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Washington's
Crossing (Me) ; Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (B) ; Fallsington
(L) ; TuUytown (B) ; Eddington (B) ; Andalusia (Dr).

Polygonum robustius (Small) Fernald.

(P. acre of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, in part.)
Rhodora, xxiii. 147 (1921).
Larger marshes and swales; local.
Quakertown (L) ; TuUytown (B) ; Bristol (L).

♦Polygonum orlentale L. Prince's Feather.

Escaped from cultivation to waste places ; occasional.
Nockamixon (R-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me).

♦Polygonum Persicaria L. Lady 's Thumb.

Waste places, roadsides and cultivated ground ; common.
Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Lumberville (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Brownsburg (B).

Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. Mnj) Water Pepper.

Wet places ; common.

Ottsville (B); Shelly (B) ; Argus (B) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Point Pleasant (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; TuUytown (Dr) ; Bristol
(L).

Polygonum virginianum L.

Rich soil in woodlands and thickets ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Yardley (Me) ; Mor-
risville (B) ; Hulmeville (B).

Polygonum arlfolium L. Halbred-leaved Tear-thumb.

Low woods, thickets and swamps; common.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Quakertown (Pr) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Yardley (Mc) ; Tul-
lytown (B) ; Andalusia (L).

Chenopodiaceae

149

Polygonum sagittatum L. Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb.

Swamps, ditches and wet meadows; common.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Tel-
ford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Yardley (Me).

♦Polygonum Convolvulus L. Black Bindweed.

Fields, roadsides and waste grounds ; frequent.
Nockamixon (J); Ottsville (L) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Telford
(B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Bristol (Dr).

[Polygonum cilinode Michx.

A northern plant reported from TuUytown but no material
has been found to verify this record.]

Polygonum scandens L. Climbing False Buckwheat.

Open woods, thickets and clearings in moist soil ; frequent.

Durham Furnace (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Neshaminy (L) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Penns Manor
(F) ; Feasterville (B).

Polygonum cristatum Engelm. & Gray.

(P. dumatorum, f. cristatum of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Sandy or rocky woods and banks ; rare.
Carversville (L) ; Brownsburg (L).

♦Polygonum cuspidatum Seib. & Zucc. Japanese Knotweed.

(P. ZuccarinU Small.)

A native of Japan rarely escaping from cultivation.
Penn Valley (W) ; Bristol (B) ; (Doylestown according to J.
Kirk Leatherman but no herbarium material seen).

♦Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Buckwheat.

Escapes from cultivation to fields, roadsides and along rail-
roads but is not persistent; occasional.

Nockamixon (P) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; TuUy-
town (B); Bristol (Dr).

CHENOPODIACEAE (goosefoot family)
*Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Mexican Tea.

"Waste soil, introduced from tropical America ; frequent.

Ridge Valley (F) ; Telford (B) ; Lumberville (L) ; Washing-
ton's Crossing (Me) ; Yardley (L) ; TuUytown (B).

m i

r

fi

!PM

I t

»iiM

III

!l !

150 The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

rcmenopodinm wnbrosloides L, var. anthelmlnticnm (L.) Gray.

C. anthelminticum L. is reported from Q^akertown New
Hope and Bristol. In view of the fact that no material cover-
Sg these records was found and that this is a very inconstant
variety, often not clearly distinct from the typical species, it is
best to consider it here as an excluded variety.]

♦Chenopodinm Bottys L. Jerusalem Oak. Feathee Geeanium.

Waste places, naturalized from Europe ; not rare.

Durham Furnace (R-R) ; Nockamixon (J) ; Sundale (L) ,
SellersviUe (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; (Bristol).
Ohenopodinm capitatum (L.) Asch. Stbawbeeey Blite.

{Blitum capitatum L.)

Light and newly cleared soil ; rare.

Weed in grounds of Doylestown Seminary (Susan Farry,

1873-1879).

♦Chenopoditun glaucvun L. Oak-leaved Gooseiwt.

A weed of sandy and gravelly waste places ; frequent.

Monroe (K^R) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Doylestown (L); Point
Pleasant (B) ; Lahaska (L) ; Yardley (L) ; Andalusia (Ma).

Chenopodlum hybridum L. Maple-uiaved Goosetoot.
Woods and waste places; frequent.
Nockamixon (J); (Br); OttsviUe (L) ; SellersviUe (F) ,

Plumstead (Ma).

♦Chenopodium album L. Lamb^s Quaetees.

Fields and waste places ; common. , ^ .

Monroe (E^R) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Washington s Crossing
(Me) ; Yardley (L) ; Bristol (F).

*Clienopocliiim murale L.

Waste places; occasionally introduced.

Revere (L) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Bristol (F).

♦Chenopodium urbicum L.

Waste places ; rare.

Hilltown (F, August, 1880) ; (Richland).

Amaranthaceae

151

Chenopodium Boscianum Moq.

Woods and thickets along the Delaware River ; not common.

Narrowsville (J) (Bn) ; OttsviUe (L) ; Point Pleasant (L) ;
Lumberville (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; (Quakertown).

[Chenopodium polyspermum L.

In the County according to Porter. This weed is very spar-
ingly introduced in the Eastern States and no material is on
hand to verify its occurrence in Bucks County.]

[Chenopodium leptophyUum Nutt.

This plant occurs in sandy or brackish soil near the coast. A
Bristol record was based on a misidentified specimen of C.
album.]
Atriplex patula L. Speeadino Oeache.

Waste ground; rare. SellersviUe (F, July 17, 1882).

Atriplex patula L., var. hastata (L.) Gray.

Waste ground and fields ; frequent.

Durham Furnace (Rr-R) ; OttsviUe (L) ; Quakertown (Wi) ;
SeUersviUe (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Yardley (L) ;
(Andalusia).
*Salsola KaU L., var. tenuifoUa G. F. W. Mey. Russia Thistle.

{8. Tragus of authors, not L.)

Railroad ballast; rare. Telford (B, July 17, 1915).

AMARANTHACEAE (amaranth family)
♦ATW5i.rfl.Tit.tmg retroflexus L. Geeen Amaeanth. Pigweed.

Cultivated ground and waste places ; common.

Durham (R^R) ; SeUersviUe (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; TuUy-
town (B).
♦Amaranthus hybridus L. Pigweed.

(Includes A. hybridus pa/tiiculatus of Fretz's Flora.)

Waste ground and cultivated places; common.

SeUersviUe (F) ; Telford (B) ; Plumsteadville (Mo) ; Point
Pleasant (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Grenoble (L) ; Washington's
Crossing (Me) ; Wrightstown (B) ; Penns Manor (B) ; Bristol
(B).

I„

-.J

152

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Amarantlitis graecizans L. Tumble Weed.

Cultivated ground and waste places ; common.

Shelly (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Hagersville (B) ; Telford (B) ;
Point Pleasant (B) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Yardley (L) ; Bristol
(B).

*Amaranthus blitoides Wats.

Koadsides and waste places; rare.
Quakertown (Bl, August 30, 1898).

♦Amaranthus spinosus L. Thorny Amaranth.

Waste ground ; rare.

New Hope (F) ; Tullytown (C) ; Bristol (B).

Acnida cannabina L. Water Hemp.

Brackish shores of tidal streams ; locally abundant.
Penns Manor (B) ; Tullytown (B) ; Bristol (F) ; Andalusia
(Bn).

Acnida tubercnlata Moq.

(A, tamariscina tuherculata (Moq.) Uline and Bray of Fretz's
Flora.) Moist sandy alluvial shore, Delaware River, Point
Pleasant (L, August 14, 1923) ; (Andalusia).

PHYTOLACCACEAE (pokeweed family)

Phytolacca americana L. Pokeweed.

(P. decandra of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xvii. 180
(1915).

Old pastures, fields, woods and waste places, very often on
burnt lands ; frequent.

Monroe (R^-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Bristol (B).

NYCTAGINACEAE (four o'clock family)

*Oxybaphus nyctagineus (Michx.) Sweet.

(Allionia nystaginea Michx.)

Waste ground; rare, as in introduction from farther west-
ward. Bristol (F, May 30, 1913).

^^«^M

Caryophyllaceae

153

,4 ^

♦Oxybaphus albidus (Walt.) Sweet.

(Allionia aliida Walt.)

Waste ground and ballast ; rare, as an adventive eastward.

Bristol (F, September 16, 1898).

ILLECEBRACEAE (knotwort family)

♦Scleranthus annuus L. Knawel.

Dry fields and waste ground ; locally abundant.

Monroe (R-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Wormansville (L) ; Wash-
ington's Crossing (L) ; Tullytown (B) ; Bristol (B) ; (Per-
kasie) ; (Point Pleasant) ; (New Hope) ; (Lahaska).

Anychia canadensis (L.) BSP. Forked Chickweed.

Dry woods ; common.

Narrowsville (Bn) ; Ottsville (B) ; Rockhill (J); Deep Run
(F) ; Doylestown (Dr) ; Carversville (L) ; Grenoble (L) ;
Brownsburg (L) ; Turkey Hill (L).

AnycMa polygonoldes Eaf .

(A. dichotoma of Fretz's Flora.)
Dry woods and in open places; frequent.
Ottsville (B) ; Sellersville (F); Doylestown (Me); Carvers-
ville (L).

This is the pubescent form.

AIZOACEAE (carpet weed family)
^MoUngo verticUlata L. Carpet Weed.

Fields, banks, roadsides and waste ground ; common.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; SellersvUle (F) ; Telford (B) ;
Point Pleasant (B) ; Loimberville (L) ; Doylestown (B) ; Wash-
ington's Crossing (Me) ; Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (B) ; Bris-
tol (B).

CARYOPHYLLACEAE (pink family)

[Spergnlaria rubra (L.) J. & C. Presl.

(Tissa rubra of Fretz's Flora.)

Reported from Perkasie by Fretz. No material found to cover
this record.]

^4^1

154

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Caryophyllaceae

155

Sagina decumbens (Ell.) T. & G. Peaelwoet.

{8. apetala of Fretz's Flora.)

Dry soil ; rare.

Sellersville (F. L. Bassett) ; Silverdale (F).

Arenaria lateriflora L.

(Moehringia lateriflora (L). Fenzl. of Fretz's Flora.)
Dry banks and thickets ; rare.
Bedminster Township (F, July, 1876).

*Arenaria serpyllifolia L. Thyme-leaved Sandwort.

A weedy plant of cultivated ground and waste places ; common.

Upper Black Eddy (Pr) ; Ottsville (B) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Telford (B) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Bycot
(B) ; New Hope (B) ; Tullytown (M).

Arenaria stricta Michx. Rock Sandwort.
(A. Michauxii of Fretz's Flora.)
On rocky ledges and dry banks ; rare and local.
Nockamixon (F) (Li); (Point Pleasant).

Stellaria uliginosa Murr. Marsh Chickweed.

Swamps and wet ditches ; frequent.

Pleasant Valley (F) ; Doylestown (B) ; Lumberville (R. E.
Schuh) ; New Hope (Wi) ; Penn Valley (C) ; Tullytown (M).

SteUaria longif oUa Muhl.

Moist grassy places ; frequent.

Nockamixon (B) ; Beaver Creek (B) ; Milford Square (B) ;
Spinnerstown (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Harts-
ville (Dr); Center Bridge (Fi) ; Woodbourne (J); Tully-
town (J).

*SteUaria graminea L.

Naturalized in dry or moist grassy situations ; rare.
Silverdale (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Buckingham Valley (B).

Stellaria pubera Michx. Great Chickweed.

Moist somewhat shaded rocky places; infrequent.

Milford Square (Pr) ; Perkasie (F) ; Almont (L) ; Sellersville
(B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Rushland (V) ; (Quakertown).

*Stellaria media (L.) Cyrill. Common Chickweed.

A weed of cultivated and waste ground ; everywhere common.

Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; New Hope (Sg) ; Tully-
town (B).

Cerastium arvense L. Field Chickweed.

Dry or rocky places, mostly along the Delaware ; locally abun-
dant.

Nockamixon (F) (M) (C) ; Erwinna (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Brownsburg (L) ; Washington's Crossing (L) ; Morrisville (L).

[Cerastium arvense L., var. oblongifolium (Torr.) HoUick & Britton.

A plant chiefly of the serpentine barrens reported from New
Hope but no material forming the basis of this record has been
discovered.]

♦Cerastium viQgatum L. Mouse-ear Chickweed.

Koadsides, cultivated and waste ground; common.

Upper Black Eddy (Pr) ; Ferndale (L) ; Ottsville (B) ; Rich
Hill (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Neshaminy (M) ;
Aquetong (K) ; Croydon (K).

[Cerastium viscosum L.

An introduced species reported from Bensalem by Martindale
but excluded here for want of sufficient evidence.]

Cerastium nutans Ref . Nodding Chickweed.

(C longipedunculatum Muhl.)

Moist rich soil mostly in shaded places ; frequent.

Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Milford Square (L) ;
Rockhill (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Pipersville (L) ; Point Pleasant
(L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Grenoble (L) ; Brownsburg (L).

"i^Agrostemma Githago L. Corn Cockle.

Grain fields, roadsides and sometimes in waste places; fre-
quent.

Nockamixon (A. McNeill); Ottsville (B) ; Telford (B) ;

Doylestown (Me).

156

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Portulacaceae

157

♦Lychnis coronaria (L.) Dear. Mullein Pink.

Established along a roadside bank at Carversville (F) (B) ;
(Lumberville — ^this is probably the same station.)

[Lychnis Flos-cucuU L.

Keported from Carversville and Morrisville but no material
was found to verify these records.]

♦Lychnis alba Mill. V^hite Campion.

Eoadsides, waste places and ballast ; frequent.

Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (F) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Grenoble
(L) ; Langhorne (B) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Emilie (B) ; (Spring-
town).

Silene antirrhina L. Sleepy Catchfly.

Dry open woods, waste places and cultivated ground; fre-
quent.

Narrowsville (M) ; Upper Black Eddy (Pr) ; Ottsville (B) ;
Sellersville (F) ; Aquetong (K) ; Lahaska (L) ; Brownsburg (L).

* Silene Armeria L. Sweet William Catchtly.

Spontaneous in gardens and waste places ; rare.
Sellersville (F) ; Tullytown (P) ; (Buckingham).

♦Silene noctiflora L.

Waste places and cultivated ground; occasional.
Uhlertown (Me) ; Sundale (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford
(B) ; Morrisville (L) ; (Andalusia).

Silene stellata (L.) Ait. f . Starry Campion.

Woods and shaded banks; frequent except in lower districts.
Ottsville (L) ; Argus (B) ; Deep Run (F) ; Tohickon Park
(F) ; Carversville (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Turkey Hill (B).

♦Silene latif olia (MiU.) Britten & Bendle.

Waste places, fields, meadows and woods ; infrequent.
Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Buckmanville (L) ; Yard-
ley (L) ; Fallsington (Dr).

♦Saponaria ofllcinalis L. Soapwort. Bouncing Bet.

Roadsides and waste places; common.

Nockamixon (P) ; Ottsville (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Pipersville
(F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Bristol (Dr).

♦Saponaria Vaccaria L. Cow-herb.
(Vaccaria Vaccaria Britton.)
Waste places or in grain fields ; rare.
Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B).

♦Dianthos barbatus L. Sweet William.
An escape from gardens ; rare.
Quakertown (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Pipersville (F) ; (Ridge

VaUey).

♦Dianthus Armeria L. Depttord Pink.

Dry fields and roadsides; frequent.

Upper Black Eddy (Bn) ; Ottsville (L) ; Rockhill (F) (W) ;
Perkasie (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (B) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ;
Washington's Crossing (Dr) ; Morrisville (L).

PORTULACACEAE (purslane family)
Claytonia virginica L. Spring Beauty.

Dry to moist open woods and banks ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Quakertown (A) ; Spinners-
town (L) ; SeUersville (F) ; Telford (Sm) ; Dublin (L) ; Pipers-
ville (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Warrington (L) ; Rushland (L) ;
New Hope (Sg) ; TuUytown (B) ; Penns Park (L) ; Janney
(L); Hulmeville (B).

An orange-colored form has been found near Quakertown.

Rhodora, xii. 22 (1914).

♦Portulaca oleracea L. Common Purslane.

A weed of cultivated and waste ground ; common.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Bristol (L).

A plant generally avoided by collectors on account of the diffi-
culty of preparing good herbarium specimens.

*Portulaca grandiflora Hook. Garden Portulaca.
Naturalized in waste ground ; rare.
Blooming Glen (F, August 14, 1898).

!i

158

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Banunculaceae

159

CERATOPHYLLACEAE (hornwort family)

Ceratophyllum demersum L. Hornwoet.

Submerged in slow streams and ponds ; frequent.
Weisel (B) ; Argus (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; TuUytown (B) ;
Andalusia (L) ; (Penn Valley).

NYMPHAEACEAE (water lily family) .
Njrmphozanthus advena (Ait.) Fernald. Yellow Pond Lily. Spatteedock.

(Nymphaea advena Ait.) Rhodora, xxi. 183 (1919).

Ponds, marshes and swales ; frequent.

Perkasie (L) ; Sellersville (P) ; Neshaminy (M) ; Turkey Hill
(L) ; Andalusia (Dr) ; Croydon (Dr).

Nymphozanthus variegatus (Engelm.) Fernald.

(Nymphaea advena, var. variegata of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Rhodora, xxi. 183 (1919).

This plant is typified by its floating leaves and is regarded by
some authors as a variety of the preceding species. It is more
frequent northward. Similar situations; rare. Sellersville (F,
August, 1880).

Nymphozanthus microphyUus (Pers.) Fernald. Small Pond Lily.

(Nymphaea microphylla Pers. of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
(Nymphaea Kalmiana of Fretz's Flora.) Rhodora, xxi. 183
(1919).

Rather deep, slow flowing waters of ponds and streams ; rare.
Weisel (B, September 10, 1913) ; Warwick Township (Ma,
August, 1866) ; Bristol (Ma, July 30, 1865).

Kymphaea odorata Ait. Sweet Watee Lily. White Water Lily.

(Castalia odorata of various authors.) Rhodora, xviii. 161
(1916).

Shallow ponds and streams; not common.

Haycock Township (F) ; Sellersville (B); Bristol (Ma);
(Tohickon Creek, near Keelersville).

Brasenia Schreberi Gmel. Water Shield.

(B, purpurea of Fretz's Flora.)
Ponds ; rare.

-^

Bristol (Chas. E. Smith, 1864) ; Bristol (Ma, 1865) ; Bristol
(Bo, July 11, 1874).
No recent collections known.

RANUNCULACEAE (crowfoot family)

Banunculus aquatilis L., var. capiUaceus DC. White Water Crowfoot.

(Batrachium trichophyllum Bosch.)
Slow-flowing streams and ponds; not common.
Revere (Rr-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Penn Valley (J) ; TuUy-
town (B) ; Andalusia (L) ; (Applebachsville).

Ranunculus delphinif ollus Torr. Yellow Water Crowfoot.

Shallow waters of marshes, swamps and ponds; rare.

A single specimen from Nockamixon Swamps (F, no date).

Banunculus laxicaulis (T. & G.) Darby. Water Plantain Spearwort.

(B, ohtusiusculus Raf.)

In wet springy ground ; rare.

Rocky Ridge (B) ; Rockhill Township (F) ; (near Quaker-
town).

The above stations undoubtedly all represent the same locality
along Bethlehem Pike south of Rocky Ridge.

[Banunculus reptans L.

(B. Flammula L., var. reptans (L.) Mey.) Rhodora, xix.
135-136 (1917).

A plant of gravelly or sandy shores reported from Solliday's
Island in Moyer's Catalogue. No specimen has been discovered
to verify this record.]

Banunculus pusUlus Poir.

Marshy places; rare.

Quakertown (F) ; Doylestown (Horace Lignear).

Banunculus sceleratus L. Cursed Crowfoot.

Wet ditches and bogs ; not rare.

Rockhill (B); Sellersville (F) ; Tullytown (L) ; Croydon
(K) ; Andalusia (L).

160

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Banunculaceae

161

11

1^

Banuncnlus micranthus Nutt.

Open woods, often on rocks or stony slopes ; infrequent.
Sundale (L) ; Erwinna (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Rushland (V
&L).

Banunculus abortivus L. SMALL-rLOWERED Cbowfoot.

Shady hillsides and lowlands; common.

Durham Furnace (B) ; Durham (L) ; Nockamixon (Fo) ;
Erwinna (L) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Tel-
ford (B); Silverdale (B) ; Dublin (B) ; Doylestown (Me);
Warrington (L) ; Buckingham (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Tullytown
(B); Hulmeville (B).

Banunculus recurvatus Poir. Hooked CJbowfoot.

Damp woods; common.

Durham (F) ; Nockamixon (M) ; Buckwampum Mountain
(F) ; Pleasant Valley (L) ; Spinnerstown (B) ; Milford Square
(L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Sellersville (Me) ; Aquetong (K) ; Yardley
(L) ; FaUsington (L) ; TuUytown (C).

[Banunculus f ascicularis Muhl.

Reported from Sellersville but material forming the basis for
this record was B. hispidiis,]

Banunculus septentrionalis Poir. Swamp Buttercup.

Moist swales, meadows or open woods; frequent.

Revere (R-R) ; Quakertown (B) ; Milford Square (L) ; Spin-
nerstown (L) ; Finland (F) ; Argus (Bn) ; Penn Valley (C) ;
Tullytown (L) ; Andalusia (L).

Banunculus hispidus Michx.

Moist or dry open woods and thickets ; frequent.

Durham (F) ; Revere (W) ; Ottsville (L) ; Springfield (F) ;
Pleasant Valley (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Finland (F) ; Argus (L) ;
Sellersville (F) ; Danboro (L).

Banunculus liispidus Michx., var. f alsus Fernald.

The northern form with appressed pubescent stems.

Rhodora, xxii. 30 (1920).

Similar situations as species but less frequent.

,

Upper Black Eddy (B) ; Pleasant Valley (L) ; Jericho Hill
(L).

Banunculus repens L. Ceeeping Buttercup.

Possibly naturalized; rare.

Tullytown (F, Aug. 18, 1898) ; Bristol (F, June 17, 1892).

Banunculus repens L., var. pleniflorus Fernald.

A double flowered form with leaf divisions subcordate and
crenately lobed. Rhodora, xxi. 169 (1919).

Possibly an escape from cultivation ; rare.

Erwinna (L) ; Tullytown (F).

Banunculus pennsylvanicus L. f . Beistly Buttercup.
Wet open situations ; rare.
Andalusia (Ma, 1865).

^Banunculus bulbosus L. Bulbous Buttercup.

Open woods, fields and roadsides ; not rare.

Monroe (R-R) ; Pleasant Valley (Bn) ; Rich Hill (L) ; Sellers-
ville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ;
Morrisville (Dr).

♦Banunculus acrls L. Tall Butttercup.

Naturalized in fields, meadows and waste places; common.

Monroe (R-R); Shelly (F) ; Rockhill (M)(W); Sellersville
(F) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Penn Valley (C).

Thalictrum dioicum L. Early Meadow Bue.

Woods, thickets, rocky banks and moist slopes ; frequent except

on Coastal Plain.

Narrowsville (B) (M) ; Ottsville (B) ; Quakertown (L) ; Spin-
nerstown (L) ; Finland (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Pipersville (L) ;
Doylestown (Me); Center Bridge (Fi) ; New Hope (Sg).

Thalictrum revolutum DC.

(T. purpurascens of Fretz's Flora.)

Woodlands and banks ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Quakertown (Bn) ; Sellers-
ville (F); (Nockamixon).

162

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

ThaUctnm polygamum Muhl. Tall Meadow Eue.

vZ"\^i^"',T^'Z 'r^ "'""^ '"''^^'-^ '''^^^^'- Riegels-
vme (1^-R); Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) • Rich Hill CR^ c i

lersville (F) • Neshamir^r nv^„^ b -. , /^ ^^'' ^®*-

^ ; , JNesHammy (Mc) ; Bristol (Dr) ; Andalusia (L)

Anemonella thalictroldes (L.) Spach. Rhk Anemone.
Rather dry open woods and banks; common.

(L) '?Lan? J?\f ^^^^^ ^r'"*^- (^) ^ Spi-erstown
Me) ; Warrington (L) ; RusLland L) ' Do ingtl TlT
Jencho an (L) ; New Hope (Sg) ; Morrisville (S ^ '

Hepatica amerlcana (DC.) Ker. Liveeleat.

{H. triloba of authors.) Rhodora, xix. 45 (1917)
Open woods and banks ; common

Nockamixon (Pr) (Po) ; Revere (W) ; Ottsville (L) • Passer
(B) Quakertown (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) • Rockhil (M^ ? ,
lersville (F) ; PipersviUe (L) , Danbo o bT E^winfa (S
Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Warrin^tonTL^ R ^a ''
Valley (Dr) ; Aquetong (L) • DolinVton 7t^ n ^ I; '^^'
New Hope (Sg) ; Brownsville' (L) ' ' ^""^ '

Anemone riparla Fernald.
Along the Delaware in a few stations; rare
Narrowsville (L) ; Point Pleasant (P). '

Anemone virglnlana L. Tall Anemone.

Meadows, woods and thickets; common

■Narrowsville (L) ; Noekami-rnn ti\ "c. •
land (L) ; Telford (ZV V . ^2 ' ^P"°§^t«^° (D ; Fin-

(Me, . ^^ ^'^ (?:,'X2.; ""S^-"

[Anemone canadensis L.

Jep„„ed ,r.„ Do„es..™ bu. .he record ia, « ,ee. veri.

Banunculaceae

163

ville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Warrington (L) •
Trevose (Dr) ; Yardley (L) ; Koelofs (L).

Clematis virglnlana L. Virgin 's Bowee.

Woods, thickets and banks ; frequent.

Monroe (R^R) ; Plumsteadville (F); Point Pleasant (L) :
Neshaminy (L) ; Telford (B) ; Yardley (Dr).

Clematis vertlclllarls DC. Purple Clematis.

(Atragene amerlcana Sims.)

Rocky woods and thickets ; rare and local.

Monroe (R-R) ; KintnersviUe (T) ; Tohickon (Mo); near
Quakertown (Me); Point Pleasant (F); Brownsburg (B) ;
(Bedminister). *

Caltha palustrls L. Marsh Marigold.

Wet meadows and swamps ; locally abundant.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Bridgeton Township (B) ; Pleasant Valley
(B) ; Quakertown (C) (Bn) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Rockhill (M) ;
SellersviUe (F) ; Argus (C) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Croydon (B) \
(Haycock Mountain) ; (Bonair).

TroUlus laxus Salisb. Globetlower.
Boggy meadow ; rare.
Springfield Township, near Pleasant Valley (Bn)(F).

*Helleborus vlrldls L. Green Hellebore. Christmas Flower.

Established in fence rows and meadows ; occasional.

Quakertown (Mo) (Ma) ; Rockhill (F) ; SellersviUe (F) ;
Plumsteadville (Mo).

Aqullegla canadensis L. Wild Columbine.

Rocky woods and banks ; frequent.

Durham Furnace (L) ; Trumbauersville (L) ; Milford Square
(L); SellersviUe (F) ; Telford (B) ; PipersviUe (L) ; Point
Pleasant (F) ; Edison (Fo) ; New Hope (Sg) ; Brownsburg (B).
*Aqullegla vulgaris L.

An escape in woods, fields and roadsides ; occasional.

SellersviUe (F) ; Ottsville (L) ; Bedminsterville (L) ; Lahaksa
(L) ; (Narrowsville).

I

164

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

[Delphinium ConsoUda L.

The material forming the basis for this record has been re-
identified as C. Ajacis L.]

♦Delphinium Ajacis L. Larkspur.

Established along roadside; rare.
Sellersville (F, 1881).

Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. Black Snakeroot. Black Cohosh.

Woods and thickets ; frequent.

Monroe (R-K) ; Rich Hill (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Erwinna
(L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Brownsburg (B) ; Feasterville (B).

Actaea alba (L.) Mill. White Baneberry.

Rich woods and banks ; frequent.

Nockamixon (F) ; OttsviUe (L) ; Springtown (L) ; Rich Hill
(B) ; Argus (J) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Edison (Fo) ; Forks of
Neshaminy (Bn) ; Warwick Township (Ma) ; Brownsburg (L).

Hydrastis canadensis L. Golden Seal.

Moist rich woods ; rare.

Near Quakertown (F)(Bn); Rockhill (C) ; Rushland (L) ;
New Hope (L).

MAGNOLIACEAE (magnolia family)
MagnoUa vlrginiana L. Laurel Magnoll^. Sweet Bay.
Swamps ; locally abundant on Coastal Plain.
Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (B) ; Tullytown (C) ; Bristol (B).

Liriodendron TuUpif era L. Tulip Tree.

Woodlands; frequent.

Ringing Rocks, Bridgeton Township (F) ; Springtown (We) •
Rockhill (F) ; Sellersville (B) ; Hulmeville (B).

ANONACEAE (custard apple family)
Asimina triloba Dunal. Papaw.

Rich moist soil ; rare.

West Rockhill Township (F, April, 1881) j SoUiday's Island
(Mo., 1867); (Argus); (Erwinna).

Berieridaceae

165

^ 7 ♦

« 1 t

It is possible that the West Rockhill Township specimen covers
the Argus reeord.

MENISPERMACEAE (moonseed family)
Menispermum canadensis L. Moonseed.

Alluvial woods and banks ; frequent.

Narrowsville (P) ; Upper Black Eddy (T) ; Uhlertown (Me) ;
OttsviUe (L) ; Quakertown (B) ; Rockhill (F) ; Leidytown (F) ;
Curley Hill (B) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Buckingham (L).

BERBERIDACEAE (barberry family)
PodophyUnm peltatum L. May Apple. Mandrake.

Rich woods, thickets and banks; frequent.

Narrowsville (L) ; Quakertown (B) ; Milford Square (B) ;
Finland (F) ; Fountainville (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Nesham-
iny (Mc) ; Buckmanville (L) ; Brownsburg (L).

Jeffersonia diphyUa (L.) Pers. Twinleat.

Rich soil of woods and thickets ; rare.
New Hope (Bn)(Sg).

Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. Blue Cohosh.

Rich woods and thickets; locally abundant except on Coastal
Plain.

Nockamixon (Ba) (Pr) ; Quakertown (B) ; Bedminster (L) ;
Tohickon Park (F) ; OttsviUe (L) ; Sundale (L) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; (Edison).

*Berberis vulgaris L. Common Barberey.

Established in pastures and along fence rows; rare.

Near Doylestown (F, 1880) ; (Jericho Hill) ; (Bensalem).

I'Berberis Thunbergii DC.

Thickets; rare.

Morrisville (L, June 23, 1927); HulmeviUe (B, May 30,
1931) ; (Doylestown according to J. Kirk Leatherman, but no
herbarium material was seen).

^%

^h

166 The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

LAURACEAE (laurel family)
Sassafras officinale Nees & Eb. Sassafras.

/lifoN'"'''*''^''^''''^ ""^ ^""^^'^ Manual, ed. 7.) Ehodora, xx. 98
(1918).

Fence rows, old fields and borders of woods ; common
Noekamixon (M) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; RockhiU (F) ; Point
Pleasant (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Pineville (B).

Benzoin aestlvale (L.) Nees. Spice Bush.
Moist soil in woods, thickets and fence rows ; common
Monroe (I^-R) ; OttsviUe (L) ; Haycock Mountain (L) ;
Revere (F) ; Finland (L) ; RockhiU (F) ; Danboro (B) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Jamison (Dr) ; Grenoble (L) ; Buckmanville (L) :
Richboro (L); New Hope (Sg) ; Yardley (Me); MorrisviUe
(L) ; Emilie (Dr) ; Croydon (L).

PAPAVERACEAE (poppy family)
Sangninaria canadensis L. Bloodeoot.
Dry or moist banks, thickets and open woods ; common
Noakamixon (C) ; Revere (W) ; Passer (B) ; Tohickon (L) •
Quakertown (L) ; Milford Square (L) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Telford
(B) ; PipersviUe (L) ,- Danboro (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ■ War-
rington (L) ; Jericho Hill (L) ; Buckmanville (L) ; New Hope
(Sg) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Hulmeville (B).

*CIieUdonliini majus L. Celandine.
Woods, roadsides, barnyards and waste ground ; frequent
Noekamixon (M) ; OttsviUe (L) ; SellersviUe (F) • Point

Pleasant (B) ; Aquetong (L).

♦Papaver sonmif erum L. Common Poppy.
Waste places ; rare.
SellersviUe (F, 1880 and 1923).

*Papaver Ehoeas L.
Waste places, ballast and rubbish piles; occasional
SellersviUe (F) ; PlumsteadviUe (Mo); Doylestown (B) •

Buckmanville (L). '

-^k

4«^>

h

4J^

*-♦

^

► ♦.

<>

S

«

r^fc

M

Fumariaceae 167

[Papaver dubiuin L.
Reported from the County but no specimens were found.]

^Argexnone mexicana L. Mexican Poppy.

Ballast and waste ground ; rare.

SellersviUe (F, 1880); PlumsteadviUe (Mo, 1867); (Bed-
minster).

FUMARIACEAE (fumitory family)

Adlumia fungosa (Ait.) Greene. Climbing Fumitory.

An AUeghanian plant of rocky woods and thickets ; rare.
Monroe (Rr-R) ; Quakertown (Ma) ; RockhiU (W) (F) (J)
(M) ; Argus (B) ; PipersviUe (L) ; (Narrowsville).

Dicentra CucuUaria (L.) Bernh. Dutchman's Beeeches.

Rich soil, especially deep leaf mold, in woods and thickets;
frequent except on Coastal Plain.

Narrowsville (P) ; Kintnersville (L) ; OttsviUe (L) ; Bridge-
ton Township (T) ; SeUersviUe (F) ; Tohickon Park (L) ; Fur-
long (Dr) ; Grenoble (L) ; New Hope (Sg) ; Brownsburg (L).

Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp. Squirrel Corn.

SimUar situations as preceding ; less frequent.
Kintnersville (L) ; NarrowsviUe (P) ; Fretz P. 0. (F) ; Bed-
minster (L) (F).

Corydallis sempervirens (L.) Pers.

Rocky hillsides ; rare.

Noekamixon (C) ; Quakertown (Ma) ; RockhiU (F) ; (Argus).

Corydalis flavula (Baf .) DC

Rocky woods and slopes; rare.

Carversville (Mo) (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; New Hope (B) ;
Brownsburg (Wi) ; (Yardley).

"^Fumaria officinalis L. Fumitory.

Waste places ; rare.
SeUersviUe (F, August, 1881).

i

168 The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

CRUCIFERAE (mustard family)
♦Draba verna L. Whitlow Grass.

Sandy soil of fields, roadsides and waste places ; frequent along
the Delaware, occasional elsewhere.

NarrowsviUe (Pr) ; Revere (W) ; Perkasie (B) ; Plumstead
(F) ; Point Pleasant (JL.) ; Carversville (Gr) ; Doylestown (Me) :
Jericho Hill (L) .

[Draba carolinlana Walt.

Reported from Point Pleasant by Dr. C. D. Fretz. In 1919
Dr. Fretz endeavored to re-discover the station and found that
the locality he had in mind is on Bull's or EUmaker's Island
near LumberviUe. This island is under New Jersey jurisdiction
and the plant is unknown from Bucks County.]

*Lobularla maritlma (L.) Desv. Sweet Alyssum.

(Koniga maritima (L.) R. Br.)

Escaped from cultivation near cemetery, Sellersville fF Julv
21,1924). ' ^

*Tlilaspi arvense L. Penny Cress.
Fields, waste ground and ballast ; occasional.
Rockhill (F) ; Telford (B) ; Traymore (L).

Lepidlum virglnlcum L. Wiij) Peppeegeass.

Fields, roadsides and waste places ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (Sm) ; Ottsville
(L) ; Neshaminy (Mc).

*Lepldinin densiflorum Schrad.

(L, apetalum of Fretz's Flora, and of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Dry roadsides, waste ground and ballast ; rare.
Point Pleasant (Bn) ; Doylestown (Me).
•Lepidium ruderale L.

Waste places and roadsides ; rare.
Point Pleasant (F, July 4, 1899).

♦Lepidium campestre (L.) R.Br. Field Cress.

Fields, roadsides and waste ground ; common.

Nockamixon (M) ; OttsviUe (L) ; Sellersville (J) (F) ; Telford
(Sm) ; Edison (Fo) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; MorrisviUe (Dr).

^p^

'A

^4
j

Cruciferae

169

*Capsella Bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. Shepherd's Purse.

A weed of fields, roadsides and waste places; common.

Durham Furnace (B) ; Bridgeton Township (T) ; Milford
Square (B) ; Rich Hill (L) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; New Hope (B).

[CameUna sativa (L.) Crantz.

This plant became known fifty or more years ago as an intro-
duced plant. After a time it disappeared entirely from our
local area and only recently has made its re-appearance in a few
localities near-by but not in Bucks County. There is an old
record from Benjamin (South Perkasie) by Fretz but no
herbarium material has been found to cover this record.]

*Cameliiia microcarpa Andrz. False Flax.

Naturalized in fields, meadows, waste places and along road-
sides; occasional.

Nockamixon (Se) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Edison
(L) ; Penn Valley (F).

*Baplianns Raphanistrum L. Wild Badish.

Established as a weed in fields ; occasional.
Doylestown (B) ; Bristol (B).

^Bhaplianns sativns L. Radish.

Common in cultivation and sometimes escaping in waste

ground.
Bristol (B, July 13, 1931).

[Brassica alba (L.) Boiss.

{Sinapis alhah,)

An infrequent adventive reported from the County but no
material is extant to prove its occurrence within the range of this
treatment.]

*Bras8ica arvensis (L.) Kaze. Chaklock.

Naturalized in fields and waste places ; frequent.
Richlandtown (B) ; Telford (Sm) ; Dublin (L) ; Bristol (L).

f

,4

170

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

'

*Brassica nigra (L.) Koch. Black Mustard.

Naturalized in fields and waste ground ; occasional.
Monroe (R-K) ; Point Pleasant (B).

*Brassica campestrls L. Butabaga.

Cultivated ground and waste places, possibly persisting only
for a short time ; occasional.

Nockamixon (Se) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Tel-
ford (B);Curley Hill (B).

B, oleracea L. (Cabbage), B, Napus L. (Rape) and B. Bapa
L. (Turnip) are sometimes found in cultivated ground and on
ballast but none of them persist for any great length of time and
cannot be considered as permanently established.

'''Conringia orlentaUs (L.) Dumort. Treacle Mustard.
About barn yards and waste ground ; rare.
Perkasie (F) ; Telford (B) ; New Hope (B).

♦Sisymbrium ofQcinale (L.) Scop. Hedge Mustard.

Roadsides and waste places ; occasional.
Point Pleasant (L.) ; Doylestown (Me).

♦Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop., var. leiocarpum DC.

Similar situations as preceding ; common.

Applebachsville (L) ; Sundale (L) ; Ottsville (B) ; Blooming
Glen (L).

♦Sisymbrium altissimum L. Tumble Mustard.
Fields, roadsides and waste places ; rare.
Sellersville (F) ; Tohickon Park (F).

♦Sisymbrium Tbalianum (L.) J. Gay. Mouse-ear Cress.

(Stenophargma Thaliana (L.) Celak of Fretz's Flora.)
Open woods, old fields, roadsides and waste places ; frequent.
Durham Furnace (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Pipers-

ville (L) ; Langhorne (B) ; Tullytown (B) ; Trevose (Dr).

♦Hesperis matronalis L. Dame 's Violet.

A native of Europe established along roadsides and fields;
occasional.

I'

^

Cruciferae

171

Pleasant Valley (B) ; Quakertown (P) ; Sellersville (F) ; Dub-
lin (L) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Washington's
Crossing (L) ; Croydon (K).

♦Erysimum cbeirantboides L. Worm-seed Mustard.

Roadside bankss and cultivated ground, apparently intro-
duced; rare.

Richlandtown (B) ; Telford (Sm).

♦Roripa sylvestris (L.) Bess. Yellow Cress.

{Badicula sylvestris (L.) Druce.)

Wet or swamp ground and waste places ; frequent.

Quakertown (Bl) ; Wyker's Island (F) ; Solliday's Island
(F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Center Bridge (Fi) ; Washington's
Crossing (Me) (Dr) ; Grenoble (L).

Boripa palustris (L.) Bess. Marsh Cress.

(Badicula palustris (L.) Moench.)

Low moist soil or sometimes in shallow water ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Shelly (B) ; Sellersville (B) ; Point Pleasant
(L) ; Edison (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Washington's Crossing
(Dr) ; Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Oxford Valley (B) ; Bris-
tol (C) ; Feasterville (B) ; Andalusia (L).

Eoripa palustris (L.) Bess., var. hispida (Desv.) Rydb.

(Badicula palustris, var. hispida of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Similar situations as preceding ; less frequent.
Bristol (L) ; Andalusia (L).

*Nasturtium Nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Karst. Water Cress.

(Badicula Nasturtium-aquaticum of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Brooks, ditches and spring heads; locally abundant.
Fairmount (Fy) ; Perkasie (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Nesha-
miny (Mc) ; Tullytown (D).

*Armoracia rusticana Gaertn. Horseradish.

(Badicula Armoracia of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.
moracia of Fretz's Flora.)

Established in moist, rich soil; frequent.

Boripa Ar-

172

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Cruciferae

173

i

Monroe (R-E) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Churehville (B) ; TuUytown (M) (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Anda-
lusia (L).

't'Barbarea vulgaris E. Br. Winter Cress. Yellow Eocket.

(B, Barharea (L.) Mac.M.)

Cultivated fields, roadsides and waste places; common.
Kintersville (A) ; Ottsville (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Neshaminy
(Mc) ; Brownsburg (B) ; Morrisville (B) ; Andalusia (L).

''Barbarea vulgaris E. Bf., var. longisiliquosa Carion.

(B, stricta of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Rhodora, xi. 139 (1909).
Similar situations as preceding ; less common.
Quakertown (B) ; Rockhill (F) ; Sellersville (B) ; Grenoble
(L); TuUytown (L).

♦Barbarea vema (Mill.) Asch.

(B, praecox of Fretz's Flora.)

Cultivated fields and waste places, perhaps originally an escape
from cultivation in some places; frequent.

South Perkasie (F) ; SellersviUe (F) ; (Bn) ; Telford (B) ;
Ottsville (L) ; Pipersville (L) ; Rushland (L) ; Morrisville (Dr) ;
(Doylestown) ; (Penn Valley).

*Lunaria annua L. Honesty.

Cliffs of the Delaware ; probably escaped from an old garden ;
rare.

Nockamixon (P, June 4, 1898).

Dentaria diphyUa Michx.
Rich woods; rare.
Narrowsville (G, May 29, 1869) (T, May 15, 1920).

Dentaria heterophyUa Nutt. Toothwort.

Rich woods ; rare.

Quakertown (F) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pipers-
ville (L) ; two miles northwest of Point Pleasant (Tr-P).

Dentaria laciniata Muhl. Toothwoet.

Rich dry to moist woods ; frequent except on Coastal Plain.

Monroe (R-R) ; Quakertown (L) ; Spinnerstown (B) ; Milford
Square (B) ; RockhiU (B) ; Perkasie (F) ; Danboro (B) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Warrington (L) ; Grenoble (L) ; New Hope (Sg) ;
Brownsburg (L) ; George School (Va-G).

Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.) BSP. Speing Ceess.

Wet meadows, low woods and thickets ; common.

Narrowsville (L) ; Springfield Township (Bn) ; Quakertown
(B); Spinnerstown (L) ; Sellersville (F); Doylestown (Me);
Neshaminy (Mc) ; Hartsville (Dr) ; Rushland (L) ; MorrisviUe
(L); Oxford VaUey (L) ; TuUytown (B) ; Hulmeville (B) ;
Andalusia (L).

Cardamine rotundif olia Michx.

Cold springy places in upper end; rare.

Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Springtown (L) ; vicinity of
Quakertown (Bn).

Cardamine parviflora L.

Dry thin soil and on rocks ; frequent except on Coastal Plain.

Buckwampum Mountain (B) ; Ottsville (L) ; Spinnerstown
(L) ; RockhiU (F) ; Perkasie (F) ; Deep Run (F) ; Pipersville
(L) ; Doylestown (Me).

Cardamine Pennsylvanica Muhl. Bittee Ceess.
(Includes C. flexuosa of Fretz's Flora.)
Wet places along streams and in swamps; common.
NarrowsviUe (L) ; Tohickon (B) ; Milford Square (B) ; Rock-
hiU (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Edison (L) ; Yardley
(L) ; Fallsington (L) ; TuUytown (F) ; Bristol (Dr).

Arabis lyrata L. Rock Ceess.

Dry banks and stony ground ; infrequent.

Durham Furnace (L) ; Nockamixon (Pr) (M) ; RockhiU (F) ;
CarversvUle (Gr) ; LumbervUle (L) ; Rushland (L).

Arabis dentata T. & G.

A very rare species in eastern Pennsylvania.
Brownsburg (L, May 30, 1924).

174

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Crassulaceae

175

i

I i

;

Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. Tower Mustard.
Grassy field ; rare.
Sellersville (F, June 10, 1912).

[Arabis birsuta (L.) Scop.
Keported from Sellersville but no material has been found to

cover this record.]

Arabis laevigata (Muhl.) Poir.

Dry rocky woods and banks ; common.

Monroe (L) ; Nockamixon (Pr) (M) ; Buckwampum Moun-
tain (F) ; Ottsville (L) ; Springtown (F) ; Kockhill (F) ; Bed-
minster (L) ; Pipersville (L) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Edison (Fo) ; Bridge Valley (Dr) ; Rushland (L) ; New
Hope (Sg) ; Morrisville (L).

Arabis canadensis L. Sickle-pod.

Rocky woods and banks ; frequent.

Nockamixon (F) ; Ottsville (L) ; Shelly (B) ; Milford Square
(L) ; Rockhill (F) (W) ; Curley Hill (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Carversville (L) ; Brownsburg (L).

CAPPARIDACEAE (caper family)

*Cleome spinosa L. Spider-flower.
Adventive in waste grounds ; rare.
Tullytown (B) ; Bristol (F).

RESEDACEAE (mignonette family)

*Beseda Luteola L.

Adventive along roadside ; rare.

Pleasant Hill (F, July, 1867).

DROSERACEAE (sundew family)
Drosera rotundif olia L. Eound-leaved Sundew.

Bogs and moist sand ; not frequent.

Buckwampum Mountain (E) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Quaker-
town (Bn) ; Bristol (L).

Drosera longif oUa L. Spatulate-leaved Sundew.
(D. intermedia Hayne.)
Wet sand and bogs; rare. Tullytown (F, September 17,

1898).

PODOSTEMACEAE (river weed family)

Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. Biver Weed.

On rocks in streams ; rare and local.

On stones in Delaware River, Monroe (R-R, July, 1885) ;
(Nockamixon) ; (Point Pleasant).

CRASSULACEAE (orpine family)

Penthorum sedoides L. Ditch Stonecrop.

Wet ditches and low open ground ; frequent.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Shelly (B) ; Steinsburg (Wi) ;
Ridge Valley (F) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Buckingham (K) (J) ; New Hope (Va-G) ; Brownsburg (B).

TUlaea aquatica L.

Muddy shores of the Delaware River ; rare.
Andalusia (L, October 23, 1917).

*Sedum acre L. Mossy Stonecrop.

Naturalized in stony waste places and along roadsides; occa-
sional.

Erwinna (L, May 15, 1927) ; (B, July 12, 1932).

Sedum tematum Michx. Wild Stonecrop.

Rocky banks and wooded slopes ; rare.

Kintnersville (R-R) ; Buckingham Mountain
1866).

(Ma, May,

* Sedum purpureum Tausch. Live-forever.

{S. Telephium of authors.)

Established along roadsides and rocky bank^ ; occasional.
Nockamixon (P) ; Bedminster (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Lum-
berville (L).

Sedum roseum (L.) Scop. Roseroot.

A plant of the far North growing abundantly on the cliffs of
the Delaware River near Top Rock at the Narrows in Nocka-
mixon Township. Discovered there in 1867 by Dr. Thomas C.
Porter and Dr. Traill Green and still found there. Late May
is the time to find the plant in bloom.

176

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

ID

»!l

!!l

SAXIFRAGACEAE (saxifrage family)
Saxif raga pennsylvanica L. Swamp Saxipeaqe.

Low meadows and swampy woods and thickets; frequent ex-
cept in lower end.

Nockamixon (Hb-P) ; Pleasant Valley (F) ; Steinsburg (Wi) ;
Spinnerstown (B) ; Argus (W) ; Almont (L) (J) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Doylestown (Me).

Saxif raga vlrginiensis Michx. Eaely Saxifrage.
Dry hillsides, rocky banks and ledges; common everywhere

except on Coastal Plain.

Kintnersville (L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Quaker-
town (L) ; Telford (Sm) ; Tohickon (L) ; Erwinna (L) ; Dublin
(B) ; Point Pleasant (Fo) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Warrington (L) ;
New Hope (Sg) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Penns Park (L) ; Dolington
(L) ; Washington's Crossing (Dr) ; Grenoble (L) ; MorrisviUe
(L); Hulmeville (B).

Hencliera americana L. Alum Root.

Dry rocky woods and thickets ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; SeUers-
ville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ;
Hulmeville (B).

MiteUa diphyUa L. Miteewoet. Bishop's Cap.

Humus in damp woods and thickets; frequent except on

Coastal Plain.

Narrowsville (Li) ; Kintnersville (L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant
Valley (Bn) ; Tohickon (Me) ; Spinnerstown (B) ; Milford
Square (L) ; Finland (F) ; Argus (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Sundale
(L) ; Pipersville (L) ; Point Pleasant (Me) (Fo-P).

Chrysosplenium americanum Schwein. Golden Saxiteage.

Wet shaded places, often in cold springs ; locally abundant.

Finland (F) ; Quakertown (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; New
Britain (Sm) ; Aquetong (L) ; Southampton (L) ; Woodbourne
(J) ; Yardley (L) ; Oxford Valley (L).

Saxifragaceae 177

Famassia caroliniana Michx. Geass op Paenassus.
Boggy meadows ; rare.
Pleasant Valley (B, September 24, 1927).

Hydrangea aborescens L. Wild Hydeangea.

Rocky banks and cliffs chiefly along the Delaware River;
locally abundant.

Nockamixon (F) (J) (Br) ; Erwinna (L) ; Pipersville (F) ;
Point Pleasant (L) ; Lower Black Eddy (B) ; Center Bridge
(B) ; New Hope (Sg) ; Yardley (L) ; (Brownsburg).

*Pliiladelplius coronarius L. Mock Oeange.

Escaped from cultivation and established along steep bank.
New Hope (B).

Bibes rotundif oUum Michx. Wild Goosebeeey.

Rocky woods and banks, rare.

Nockamixon (F) ; Haycock Mountain (Mc, September 13,

1930); (B, May 3, 1931).

[Bibes hirteUuin Michx.

(iJ. oxycanthoides of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xiii.
74 (1911). Reported from Narrowsville but no material was
found.]
*Bibes Grossularia L. Eueopean Goosebeeey.

(B, Uva-crispi L.)

Established along roadsides and fence rows ; rare.

Sellersville (F) ; Buckingham (L).

Ribes americanum Mill. Wild Black Cueeant.

(B, floridum of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xi. 46

(1909). . ,

Woods, thickets and banks, chiefly in alluvial soil ; occasional.
Kintnersville (Bn) ; Narrowsville (Li) (F) ; Nockamixon
(P); Ottsville (B); Quakertown (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Point
Pleasant (L) ; Forks of Neshaminy (Ma) ; Bensalem Township,
If miles southwest of Hulmeville (B) ; (Sellersville).

^Ribes vulgare Lam.

{B, rulrum of Fretz's Flora.)
Occasionally established as an escape.

hi

tHit

I

Mil

m|

178

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Narrowsville (V) ; Lumberville (K. E. Shuh) ; Warrington
(L) ; Langhorne (B).

It has been suggested by Dr. L. H. Bailey, Man. Cult. PL, p.
335 (1924) that our American form of the common red currant
should probably be called R, sativum Syme.

*Ribes odoratum Wend. Buppalo Cukeant.

{B. aureum of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xi. 47 (1909).
Found in cultivation and rarely established as an escape.
Finland (L, May 12, 1920) ; Solebury Township (Va-G).

HAMAMELIDACEAE (witch-hazel family)
Hamamelis virginiana L. Witch-hazel.

Moist woods and thickets ; frequent.

Upper Black Eddy (Fo) ; Eevere (L) ; Shelly (F) ; Finland
(L) ; Rockhhill (F) (K) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Buckingham
(L); New Hope (Sg).

Iiiqnidambar Styraciflua L. Sweet Gum Teee.

Low rich soil of the Coastal Plain where it is frequent
Woodbourne (L) ; Roelofs (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Fallsington

(L); Bristol (F).

PLATANACEAE (plane tree family)

Platanus occidentalis L. Sycamore. Buttonwood.

Rich soil along streams and in moist woods ; frequent.
Monroe (Er-R) ; Ottsville (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ;
Grenoble (L) ; Bristol (St).

ROSACEAE (rose family)

Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. Nine-bark.

(Opulaster opulifolius (L.) Kuntze.)

Rocky ledges, debris at foot of cliffs and alluvial banks ; fre-
quent except on Coastal Plain where it is rare.

Nockamixon (H) ; Upper Black Eddy (T) ; Revere (L) ;
Erwinna (Me) ; Rockhill (K) (M) (F) ; Perkasie (V) ; Pipers-
ville (F) ; Lower Black Eddy (B) ; Warrington (L) ; Forks of
Neshaminy (Bn) ; Brownsburg L; Andalusia (L).

Bosaceae 179

* Spiraea japonlca L. f .

Established in thickets and along streams; rare.
Point Pleasant (F, June 11, 1898) ; Center Bridge (B).

Spiraea alba Du Roi. Meadow-sweet.

{8, salicifolia of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xxiii. 265,

(1921).

Low, moist open ground; frequent in upper districts, occa-
sional elsewhere.

Ottsville (L) ; RockhiU (B) ; Almont (L) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Yardley (Dr).

The Asiatic species, 8, salicifolia L. was previously confused
with 8, alba. The Asiatic species has larger flowers which are
purple, and narrower oblong leaves. It is sometimes found in
cultivation but is not known as an escape in our area.

Spiraea latif oUa Borkh. Meadow-sweet.

Situations similar to the preceding; frequent including the

Coastal Plain.

Nockamixon (F) ; Upper Black Eddy (Bn) ; Quakertown
(Mo) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Carversville (B) ; Lower Black Eddy
(B) ; Yardley (B) ; Tullytown (M) ; Bristol (B) (Dr) ; Anda-
lusia (B).
Spiraea tomentosa L. Habdhack. Steeplebush.

Light moist soil chiefly along the Delaware River and on the
Coastal Plain ; locally abundant.

Narrowsville (P) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Morrisville (Dr) ;
Turkey Hill (B) ; Penn Valley (W) ; Tullytown (M) (Bn) (F) ;
Bristol (D).

GiUenia trif oUata (L.) Moench. Indian Physic.
{Porterantherus trifoliatus (L.) Britton.)
Dry open woods ; occasional.
Argus (F) ; south-west of SellersviUe (P) ; Lumberville (Me).

*Pyru8 communis L. Peae.

Escaped from cultivation and established in thickets; occa-
sional.

Argus (F, May 23, 1898).

ij|

180

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Rosaceae

181

If 111

^1i

Hi

fill!

h

i

*Pyrus prunifolia Willd. Crab Apple.

Spontaneous in thicket, Sellersville (P, August 3, 1923).

Pyrus coronaria L. American Crab Apple.

(MaXus fragrans Kehder. Malus coronaria of Fretz's Flora).

Moist or dry open woods and thickets ; occasional.

Quakertown (B) (Ma) ; Rockhill (F) ; Perkasie (F) ; Sellers-
ville (F) ; Lahaska (L) ; Fallsington (L) ; Slickville (L).

*Pyrus Malus L. Apple.

(Malus Malus of Fretz's Flora.)

Frequent as an escape to woods, thickets, old pastures and

hanks

OttsviUe (B) (L) ; Rockhill (M) ; Rich Hill (P) ; Telford

(B).

Pyrus arbutifoUa (L.) L. f. Chokeberry.

Low woods, thickets and swamps; frequent.

Nockamixon (C) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Haycock
Mountain (Miss Coleman) ; Richland Township (F) ; Nesham-
iny (Me) ; Yardley (L) ; Tullytown (M) ; Bristol (Ma).

Pyrus arbutifolia (L.) L. f ., var. atropurpurea (Britton) Bobinson.

Similar situations; infrequent.

Yardley (L) ; Oxford Valley (L) ; Bristol (B).

Pyrus melanocarpa (Michx.) WiUd. Black Chokeberry.

Wet soil in woods and thickets ; frequent.

Nockamixon (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Mor-
risville (L) ; Oxford Valley (L) ; Tullytown (L) (St) ; Bristol
(F).

Amelancliier canadensis (L.) Medic. Shad Bush. Service Berry.

{A, canadensis, var. Botryapium of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Rhodora, xiv. 150 (1912).

Dryish soil of fence rows, thickets and slopes ; frequent except

on Coastal Plain.

Nockamixon (Pr) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Quakertown (B) ;
Argus (F); Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Pipersville (L) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Brownsburg (L).

AmelancMer laevis Wiegand.

(A. canadensis of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xiv. 154
(1912).

Dry to moist thickets ; rare.

Thicket along top of cliff, Nockamixon (B, August 24, 1923).

Amelanchier oblongif olla (T. & G.) Eoem.

(A. oUongifolia of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, in part.) Rhodora,
xiv. 147 (1912).

A characteristic Coastal Plain species of low ground and
swamps ; locally abundant.

Point Pleasant (L) ; Woodbourne (J) ; Yardley (L) ; Morris-
ville (L) ; Penn Valley (C) ; Emilie (B) ; Bristol (F) ; Anda-
lusia (Ma).

Amelancliier stolonif era Wiegand.

(A, spicata of Britton 's Manual, p. 517 (1901) in part, and
A. oUongifolia of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, in part.) Rhodora,
xiv. 144 (1912).

Dry roadsides and sandy thickets, sometimes rather sterile

soil ; rare.

Naceville (J) (M) (F) (L) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Yardley

(L).

Crataegus Crus-galli L. Cockspur Thorn.

(Includes C. Crus-galli oblongata Sarg. and C. rivalis Sarg. of

Fretz's Flora.)

Meadows, thickets and hedge rows in rather loose soil; fre-
quent.

Durham Furnace (F) ; Quakertown (F) ; Finland (L) ; Sel-
lersvUle (M) (F No. 24) ; Penns Manor (B) ; Penn Valley (C) ;
Tullytown (F No. 33) ; Croydon (B).

Fretz's No. 24 is the type specimen of C. rivalis Sarg.

Crataegus Canbyi Sarg.

Stream banks and thickets in alluvial soil ; rare.

Quakertown (F No. 120); Sellersville (M) ; Penn Valley
(C&Bn) ; (Point Pleasant).

182

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Bosaceae

183

II

M

Crataegus cuneiformls (Marsh) Eggleston.
(C pansiaca Ashe of Fretz's Flora.)
Meadows and thickets; rare.
Durham Furnace (F No. 147) ; Penn Valley (Bn).

Crataegus punctata Jacq.

(Includes C. punctata canescens Britton of Fretz's Flora.)
Damp soil of pastures, thickets and stream banks ; occasional.
Durham Township (F No. 152 and 153) ; Perkasie (F) ; Sel-

lersville (F) (M).

Crataegus succulenta Schrader.

(Includes C. opica Ashe, C, radiosa Sarg. and C. micrantha
Sarg. of Fretz's Flora.)

Thickets and pasture lands ; occasional in upper half of county.

Durham Station (F No. 154) ; Sellersville (F No. 19 and 20) ;
Deep Kun (F No. 197 and 198) ; Bedminster (F No. 209) ;
(West Kockhill).
Crataegus Calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medic.

(C. tomentosa of Manuals, not L. Includes C. structilis Ashe.)

Thickets and meadows ; infrequent.

Durham (Er-R) ; RockhiU (M) (K) ; Sellersville (F No. 21
and 206) ; Derstine's Station (F No. 207).

Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe.

(C. Dodgeii Ashe of Fretz's Flora.)

Meadows and thickets ; rare.

California, near Quakertown (F No. 123).

There are two other sheets by Fretz, one labelled Sellersville
and the other Bedminster, both bearing same date and both are
No. 208. The correct locality has not been determined.

Crataegus straminea Beadle.

(Includes C. abject a Sarg., C. nemoralis Sarg., C. saxatUis
Sarg., C. apposita Sarg., C. Schwemitziana Sarg., C. infera Sarg.
and C. pygmaea Sarg.)

Roadsides, rocky hillsides and pasture lands.

Durham Furnace (F No. 148 ; Nockamixon (M) ; Narrows-
ville (L) ; OttsviUe (L) ; RockhiU Station (F No. 155) ; Perkasie

(F No. 157) ; Sellersville (F No. 119, 121, 161 and 162) ; East
RockhiU Township (F 115) ; Hilltown Township (F No. 108) ;
Bedminster (Kr) ; (Ridge Valley) ; (HagersviUe) ; (Deep Run).
No. 108 is the type specimen of C. abject a Sarg., No. 119 of C.
Schweinitziana Sarg., No. 161 of C. pygmaea Sarg., and No. 162
of C infera Sarg.

Crataegus roanensis Ashe.

(Includes C. rufipes Ashe.)

Thickets; rare and local.

Perkasie (F No. 169) ; South Perkasie (F No. 174) ; Sellers-
ville (FNo. 180).

No. 169 and No. 180 quoted above are in the Local Herbarium
of the New York Botanical Garden and have been determined by
W. W. Eggleston.

Crataegus macrosperma Ashe.

(Includes C. tenella Ashe., C. lata Sarg., C. pumila Sarg., C.
firma Sarg., C. saturata Sarg., C. longipetiolata Sarg., and C.

Moyeriana Sarg.)

Meadows, pastures and thickets; locally abundant.
Three Mile Run (F No. 101) ; Perkasie (F No. 130) ; Hill-
town Township, near SeUersville [Pleasant Spring Bridge]
(F No. 110, 111 and 128) ; SeUersville (F No. 105, 139, 140, 143

and 178) ; Telford (F No. 13). ^r iii ^

No. 110 is the type specimen of C. saturata Sarg., No. Ill ot
C. Moyeriana Sarg., No. 128 of C. firma Sarg., No. 139 of C
pumila Sarg., No. 140 of C. lata Sarg., and No. 178 of C. longi^
petiolata Sarg.
Crataegus macrosperma Ashe, var. demissa (Sarg.) Eggleston.

(C. condensa Sarg.)

SimUar situations; occasional. r„^. . xi,.

HUltown Township near SeUersville (F No. 173). This is the

type specimen of C condensa,

Crataegus macrosperma Ashe, var. matura (Sarg.) Eggleston.

(C. Collinsiana Sarg.)

Same habitats as typical species ; occasional.

184

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Bosaceae

185

■■ I

\\

I ;

!

I

r i

i

m

Sellersville (F No. 163). This is the type specimen of C.
Collinsiana,

Crataegus populnea Ashe.

(C stolonifera Sarg., and C modica Sarg.)

Alluvial meadows and thickets ; rare.

Pleasant Spring Bridge in Hilltown Township, variously
quoted as near South Perkasie and near Sellersville (F No. 107),
109 and 144) ; (West Rockhill).

No. 109 is the type specimen of C modica Sarg.

Crataegus rugosa Ashe.

(Includes C. dissona Sarg., C, deltoides Ashe, C. alacris Sarg.,
C. delicata Sarg., C scahriuscula Sarg. and C. Fretzii Sarg.)

Roadsides, thickets and pastures.

Near Durham Station (F No. 151) ; East Rockhill Township,
near Ridge Road (F No. 103) ; between South Perkasie and
Sellersville (F No. 106) ; Sellersville, near Haar's Dam (F No.
177); Sellersville (F).

No. 103 is the type specimen for C. deltoides Ashe., No. 125 of
C. alacris Sarg., No. 151 of (7. Fretzii Sarg., and No. 177 of C.
delicata Sarg., The Sellersville specimen with no number is the
type specimen of C, deducta Sarg.

Crataegus prulnosa (Wendl.) Koch.

(Includes C. arcana Beadle., C. austera Sarg., C. philadelphica
Sarg., C, Ruthiana Sarg. and C, jejuna Sarg.)

Open rocky woods and slopes ; frequent in upper end.

Durham Furnace on limestone bluff (F No. 149); Shelly
(B) ; California, near Quakertown (F No. 122) ; Rockhill Sta-
tion (F No. 141) ; Three Mile Run (F) ; Perkasie (F No. 129 and
203) ; Sellersville (F No. 102, 136 and 201) ; Deep Run, Bed-
minster Township (F No. 126 and 181) ; (Rockhill) ; (Hilltown).

No. 136 is the type specimen of C. jejuna Sarg.

Crataegus Holmesiana Ashe.

(C. villipes Ashe and C. Holmesiana, var. villipes Ashe.)
Thicket on alluvial bank ; rare.

Along East Branch of Perkiomen Creek at Sellersville (F No.
114 (Bn) (M).

Crataegus coccinea L.

(Includes C. digna Sarg. and C. arcuata Ashe.)

Upland thickets and pastures ; infrequent.

Sellersville (Bn) (F No. 135 and 184) ; Hilltown Township
(F No. 141) ; (West RockhiU).

Fretz's No. 135 labelled by him as C. arcuata Ashe forms the
basis for the Bucks County record for C. Pringlei Sarg. in Tay-
lor's Flora of New York and Vicinity, 390 (1915).

♦Crataegus monogyna Jacq. English Hawthoen.

(C. oxyacantha of Fretz's Flora.)
Escaped from cultivation ; rare.
TuUytown (F, June, 1898).

Crataegus unlflora Muench.

(Includes C. Smithii Sarg. of Fretz's Flora.)

Chiefly in well drained, sandy soil ; frequent.

Durham (Rr-R) ; Finland (B) ; Argus (F) ; Sellersville (F No.
22 and 182) ; Lumberville (L) ; Aquetong (K) ; Brownsburg
(L) ; Tullytown (C).

[Crataegus Phaenopyrum (L. f .) Medic.

(0 cordata (Mill.) Ait.)

Introduced as a hedge plant but nowhere established in the
County although reported as frequent by Fretz.]

[Cotoneaster Pyracantha (L.) Spach.

There is a New Britain record in Fretz 's Flora credited to
A S. Martin and a misidentified specimen in the herbarium of
the Philadelphia Botanical Club, collected May, 1899, is so
named on the original label and credited to A. S. Martin in Dr.
C D Fretz's handwriting but the station is given as Doylestown.

Mr Martin, when asked about this, wrote that the plant was
collected by him on Featherbed Hill, New Britain, and not at
Doylestown, and was sent by him to Dr. Fretz.

The material was reidentified and is a flowering specimen ot
Aronia, probably A. arhutifolia. It is too young for a more
definite identification.]

1 1

i

186

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Fragaria virginiaua Duchesne. Steawbeeey.

Dry open slopes, fields and woods ; common.

Buekwampum Mountain (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Kockhill
(M) ; Argus (F) ; Telford (B) ; Danboro (L) ; Gardenville (L) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; Langhorne (B).

*Fragarla vesca L. Eueopean Wood Steawbeeey.

Roadsides and waste places in loose soil ; becoming frequent.

Buekwampum Mountain (L) ; Monroe (L) ; Kintnersville
(L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Erwinna (L) ; Milford Square (L) ; Sellers-
ville (L) ; Hilltown Township (B) ; Pipersville (F).

*Fragarla vesca L., var. alba (Ehrh.) Eydb.

Similar situations; rare.

Telford (B, May 15, 1921) ; TuUytown (L, June 8, 1928).

Fragaria vesca L., var. americana Porter.

{F, americana (Porter) Britton.)

Open rocky woods and cliffs along the Delaware River ; locally
abundant.

Durham (F) ; Nockamixon (V) (P) (F) ; Upper Black Eddy

(Bn).

*Dachesnea indica (Andr.) Focke. Indian Steawberey.

Naturalized in waste places ; rare.

Durham Furnace (F) ; Andalusia (L) ; (Nockamixon).

Waldsteinia fragariodes (Michx.) Trattinick. Babben Steawbeeey.

Dry open woods and banks; infrequent.
Kintnersville (Kr-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Erwinna (L) ; Quaker-
town (Ma) ; Sellersville (F) ; Plumstead Township (F).

PotentiUa arguta Pursli.

(Drymocallis arguta of Fretz's Flora.)

Dry rocky banks or sandy or gravelly fields ; rare.

Malta Island near New Hope (Ws) ; Bristol (C).

Potentilla norvegica L., var. hirsuta (Michx.) Lehm.

(P. monspeliensis of our Manuals). See Bibliot. Bot 16, Heft
Ixxi. 404 (1908).

Bosaceae

187

Dry to moist soil in cultivated fields and waste places; com-
mon.

Nockamixon (Se) ; Ferndale (L) ; Ottsville (B) ; Quakertown
(B); Steinsburg (Wi) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Doylestown (B) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; TuUytown (C) ; Bristol (Dr).

Potentilla argentea L. Silveey Cinquepoil.

Dry hillsides and sterile fields ; rare.
Ferndale (E) ; Sellersville (F).

♦PotentiUa intermedia L.

Naturalized in waste places ; rare.

Bristol (L, August 8, 1927) ; (B, July 13, 1931).

*PotentiUa recta L.

(P. sulphur ea Lam.)

Fields, roadsides and railroad banks; locally abundant and

becoming more frequent.

Nockamixon (Fo) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Springtown
(F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (Sm) ; Curley Hill, in Plumstead
Township (B) ; Oxford Valley (B).

PotentiUa pnmila Poir.

Dry, somewhat sterile, open soil ; frequent.

Durham (L) ; Quakertown (F) ; SeUersville (F) ; Telford
(Sm) ; Aquetong (L) ; TuUytown (B) ; Bristol (L).

PotentiUa canadensis L. Common Cinquetoil. Fine-fingee.

Dry, often sandy or gravelly soil ; common.

Buekwampum Mountain (L) ; Spinnerstown (B) ; SeUers-
ville (F) ; Dublin (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Lahaska (L) ; Buck-
Ingham Valley (B) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Yardley (L) ; FaUsing-
ton (L) ; TuUytown (Dr).
Potentnia canadensis L., var. simplex (Michx.) T. & G.

SimUar situations as the preceding but less common.
SeUersviUe (F) ; Eushland (L) ; TuUytown (W) ; Croydon

(K).

a

m\

188

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Bosaceae

189

i

til

*Filipendula rubra (Hill) Bobinson. Queen or the Prairie.

(Ulmaria rubra Hill.)

Escaped from cultivation and established along roadsides;
rare.

Steinsburg (F) ; Rich Hill (F).

Geum canadense Jacq. White Avens.

Shaded banks, thickets and open woods; common.
Monroe (Rr-R) ; Rockhill (F) ; Telford (B) ; Buckingham
(L) ; Brownsburg (Co) ; Morrisville (L) ; TuUytown (L).

Geum flavum (Porter) Bicknell.

Dry woods and thickets ; infrequent.

Monroe (Rn-R) ; Three Mile Run (F) ; Buckingham (L) ;
Lumber ville (L) ; Oxford Valley (B) ; (Solebury).

Geum virginianum L. Eouoh Avens.

Open moist ground, borders of woods and fence rows; fre-
quent.

Rockhill (W) ; Sellersville (F) ; Buckingham (L) ; Slickville
(L) ; Oxford Valley (L) ; Andalusia (Bn) (Ma).

Geum striatum Ait. Yellow Avens.

Moist fields, meadows and thickets; frequent in upper end,
rare on the Coastal Plain.

Narrowsville (E) ; Quakertown (C) ; Steinsburg (Wi) ;
Weisel (B) ; Tullytown (M) ; (Andalusia).

Geum vemum (Eaf .) T. & G.

Open woods and thickets; rare.

Springfield Township (Mo); Quakertown (C).

Rubus Idaeus L., var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim. Red Easpbehby.

(Rubiis idaeusy var. aculeatissimus of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Rhodora, xxi. 89 (1919).

{Rubus strigosus of Fretz's Flora.)
Sandy thickets ; rare.
Nockamixon (P) ; Erwinna (L).

*Eubus pboenicolasius Maxic. Wineberey.

Escaped from cultivation and frequently estabilshed.

Quakertown (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Argus (F) ; Leidytown
(F) ; Pipersville (F) ; Brownsburg (B) ; George School (B).

Rubus occidentalis L. Black Easpberey.

Fence rows, banks and thickets ; common.

Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Finland
(L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Aquetong (K) ; Tullytown (B).

Eubus odoratus L. Pueple Floweeing Raspbeeey.

Gravelly and rocky banks and cliffs; frequent except on the

Coastal Plain.

Narrowsville (J) (Bn) ; Upper Black Eddy (Bn) ; Rockhill
(F) (M) ; Rocky Ridge (Wi) ; Argus (B) ; Pipersville (F) ;
Point Pleasant (B) ; Center Bridge (B).

Bubus pubescens Raf . Dwaep Raspbeeey.

(2?. iriflorus Richards. B, americanus of Fretz's Flora.)

Rhodora, xi. 236 (1909).

Wet woods and thickets ; a northern species found at several

upper end stations.

Quakertown (P) ; RockhiU (F).

Eubus allegheniensis Porter. Blackbeeey.

(B. nigrobaccus Bailey.)

Dry thickets, banks and clearings ; frequent in upper end.
ApplebachsviUe (B) ; Shelly (B) ; Milford Square (L) ;
Perkasie (F).

Bubus f rondosus Bigel.

Rocky hillsides, thickets and pastures ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Quakertown
(F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Erwinna (L) ; Aquetong (K) ; Feaster-
ville (B); Tullytown (B).

Bubus argustus Link.

Dry open woods and thickets ; infrequent.

Rich Hill (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Neshaminy (Mc).

190

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Bosaceae

191

(

[Bubus Bandii (Bailey) Eydb.

Supposedly a hybrid with uncertain ancestry. It has been
reported from the County by Porter but no material has been
found.]

♦Bubus laclniatus Willd.

Sometimes cultivated and locally established ; rare.
Point Pleasant (F) ; Bristol (L).

Bubus cunelf oUus Pursh. Sand Blackberry.

Sandy soil of the Coastal Plain ; locally abundant.

Turkey Hill (L) ; Penn Valley (C) ; Tullytown (C) ; Bristol
(B) ; (Bensalem).

[Bubus setosus Bigel.

{B. nigricans Eydb., in part.)

There is a Tullytown (F) record for this species based on a
single collection of turions on May 30, 1899. The material
proves to be an aberrant form of B, frondosu&i]

Bubus tardatus Blanchard.

Wet open thicket near Oxford Valley (B, September 3, 1931).

Dr. L. H. Bailey determined this material. He declared that
this specimen comes from outside the range of B. tardatus and
it does not fit the diagnosis of Blanchard nor his specimens any
too well but it is probably better to enlarge the conception of
the species rather than to make it a new variety. See Gentes
Herb. ii. 350 (1932).

Bubus hispidus L.

Wet soil in woods, thickets and meadows ; frequent.
Shelly (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Yardley (L) ; Tullytown (M) ;
Bristol (Dr).

Bubus flageUaris Willd. Dewberry.

{B. procumbens of Fretz's Flora. B. villosus of Gray's
Manual, ed 7.). See Gentes Herb. i. 234 (1925).

Trailing over the ground in dry open places ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Wood-
burne (Bn) ; Tullytown (M) ; Penn Valley (F).

Bubus Baileyanus Britton.

(B, villosus, var. humifusus of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Similar situations as preceding but less frequent.

New Hope (B) ; Tullytown (L) ; (Penn Valley. This record

appears to be based on a very immature specimen, collected on

May 30, 1899, which proves to be B, flageUaris).

[Dallbarda repens L.

A single specimen labelled ''Bucks Co., Pa., 1880, Legit, Dr.
I. S. Moyer" on an A. F. K. Krout label was found. No refer-
ence is made to this material in any previous list. The inference
is that this material was sent to Krout by Dr. Moyer with other
material and it was erroneously labelled ** Bucks Co., Pa.'' by
Krout.]
Agrixnonia gryposepala Wallr. Agrimony.

(A, hirsuta Bicknell.)

Dry woods, thickets and banks ; frequent except in lower end.
Nockamixon (J) ; Kevere (W) ; Three Mile Run (F) ; Sellers-
ville (F) ; Plumstead (F) ; Carversville (L) ; Doylestown (Me).

Agrimonia striata Michx.

A plant of thickets and banks reported from the County by
Porter. The only material known is a Point Pleasant (L) speci-
men collected August 14, 1923.
Agrimonia moUis (T. & G.) Britton. Soft Agrimony.

Open woods, thickets, pastures and banks ; frequent except in

lower districts.

Ottsville (L); Argus (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant
(L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Buckingham (L) ; Brownsburg (B)
(L); PennsPark (L).

Agrimonia parviflora Ait.

Moist to dry woods and thickets ; frequent.

Shelly (B) ; Rockhill (F) ; Almont (L) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Neshaminy (M) ; PineviUe (Fo) ; Yardley (Me) ; MorrisviUe
(Fo) ; Penn Valley (C) (J) ; Bristol (L).

Agrimonia rosteUata Wallr.

Dry rocky woods and alluvial banks; infrequent.
Passer (Wi) ; Argus (B) ; Point Pleasant (L).

192

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Rosaceae

193

Sanguisorba canadensis L. Canadian Burnet.

Boggy meadows ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Springfield Township (Mo) ; Finland (L) ;
Steinsburg (Wi) ; Tohiekon Park (Wi) ; Pipersville (F) ;
Carversville (L) ; Yardley (Va-G) ; Morrisville (L) ; Penns
Manor (B) ; Penn VaUey (C) ; TuUytown (J).

* Sanguisorba minor Scop. Garden Burnet.

(8, Sanguisorba of Fretz's Flora.)
Escaped from cultivation ; rare.
Rockhill (F, July 12, 1882).

[Bosa setigera Michx.

No material known from the County although listed frona
Bucks County by Porter.]

*Bosa blanda Ait.

Found along a roadside in Hilltown Township, near Sellers-
viUe (F, June 10, 1899, and August 16, 1899). Probably an
escape from an old homestead site, it has long since disappeared
and is not known in the County at the present time.

*Bosa canina L. Deo Bose.

Roadsides, pastures and old fields ; frequent.

Nockamixon (Se) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Ottsville (B) ; Sundale
(B) ; Shelly (B) ; Finland (B) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Argus (F) ;
SellersviUe (F) ; Point Pleasant (F).

*Bosa mbiginosa L. Sweetbrier. Eolantinb.

Thickets, pastures and waste places; infrequent.
Nockamixon (Se) ; Rockhill (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Fallsing-
ton (L).

*Bosa gallica L.

Escaped from cultivation; occasional.

Rich Hill (L) ; Wormansville (L) ; Emilie (L).

Bosa Carolina L. Dwarf Bose.

(B, humilis of authors.) Rhodora, xx. 91 (1918).
Dry slopes, roadsides and thickets; common.

Nockamixon (J) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Richlandtown (L) ;
Shelly (F) ; Rockhill (M) ; Argus (F) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Bycot (K) (J) ; Richboro (L) ;
Oxford Valley (L) ; TuUytown (L) ; Andalusia (L).

Bosa Lyoni Pursh.

(B. humilis villosa Best).

Similar situations as preceding. Distinguished from it by the
decided pubescence on the under side of the leaves ; infrequent.

Haycock Mountain (B, September 13, 1930) ; Buckmanville
(L, June 27, 1926) ; (Point Pleasant).

Bosa palustris Marsh.

{B. Carolina of authors.) Rhodora, xx. 91 (1918).

Low swampy places ; common.

Brick Tavern (Ha) ; Finland (B) ; SeUersviUe (F) ; Doyles-
town (B) ; Bristol (Dr).

Bosa virginiana Mill.

(B. lucida Ehrh.)

Dry soU; infrequent.

Nockamixon (T) ; Doylestown (Me).

Prunus serotina Ehrh. Wild Black Cherry.

Dry f encerows, woods and thickets ; common.

Nockamixon (M) ; Bursonville (L) ; Killers Church (B) ;
SellersviUe (F) (J); Doylestown (Me); Neshaminy (Mc) ;
Grenoble (L) ; Yardley (L) ; Roelofs (L) ; TuUytown (M).

Prunus virginiana L. Choke Cherry.

Banks and thickets ; common except on Coastal Plain.

Nockamixon P) (V&L) ; Narrowsville (Bn) ; Upper Black
Eddy (Fo) ; Ottsville (L) ; Tohiekon (L) ; Finland (L) ; Argus
(W) ; PipersviUe (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Fallsington (Dr).

*Pnmus Padus L. European Bird Cherry.

Introduced along moist wooded slope along Delaware River
near MorrisviUe (L, May 30, 1924).

Resembles closely our P. virginiana but has larger and showier
flowers on longer somewhat leafy racemes and flowers appear
about a week later.

194

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Pmnus pennsylvanica L. f . Fire Cheeey.

Margin of dry sandy woods, Furlong (F, May 8, 1924).
A northern species known only from this one station.

Pmnus maxitima Wang. Beach Plum.

Loose well drained soil ; rare.

Hilltown Township, east of South Perkasie (F) ; Top Rock
Road, 2.1 miles east of Ferndale (B).

Prunus depressa Pursh. Sand Cherry.

(P. pumila of Fretz's Flora and of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, in
part.) Rhodora, xxv. 71 (1923).

Islands and flats of Delaware River in treeless places where
gravel and cobblestone drift is washed bare by floods; rare.
Wyker's Island (R-R) ; Point Pleasant (L).

The real P. pumila is an upright, narrow leaved shrub of the
Great Lake region, whereas P. depressa sends out strong pros-
trate branches, often quite thick, which form patches six feet
or more in diameter.

*Pninus avium L. Sweet Cherry.

Established in woods and thickets ; frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Rockhill (M) ; Sellersville (F) ; Pipersville
(L) ; Neshaminy (Mc).

*Prunus Cerasus L. Sour Cherry.

Escaped from cultivation to fence rows and thickets ; frequent.

Kintnersville (L) ; Nockamixon (P) ; Hilltown (F) ; Dublin
(L) ; New Hope (L) ; TuUytown (B).

•Pmnus domestica L. Garden Plum.

Escaped from cultivation; rare.
Finland (L, May 12, 1920).

Pzunus americana Marsh. Wild Plum.

Fence rows, thickets and woods; frequent in upper end.
Monroe (Rr-R) ; Springtown (B) ; Finland (L) ; Quakertown
(Bl-G) ; SeUersville (F) ; Pipersville (L).

■€\ . t

«1

Leguminosae 195

*Prunus Persica (L.) Stokes. Peach.

(Amygdalus Persica L.)

Rarely escaping to roadsides and thickets.

Emilie (L, June 26, 1927).

LEGUMINOSAE (pulse family)
*Gleditsia triacanthos L. Honey Locust.

Stream banks, woods and thickets; occasional.

Monroe (R-R) ; Pipersville (Kr) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Mor-
risville (L) ; Tullytown (B) ; Bristol (B).

This species belongs in the Mississippi Basin and our speci-
mens are probable all naturalized.

Cassia marilandica L. Wild Senna.

Swamps and moist alluvial soil ; frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Fountain-
ville (Gr) ; Lower Black Eddy (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Harts-
ville (B) ; Yardley (Me) ; Bristol (L) ; Andalusia (L).

Cassia f asciculata Michx. Partridge Pea.

(C Chamaecrista of authors.)

Open sandy and alluvial soil ; frequent in lower districts.
Monroe (R^R) ; Castle Valley (Me) ; Morrisville (B) ; Tully-
town (F) ; Newportville (L).

Cassia nictitans L. Wild Sensitive Plant.

Dry open, usually sandy soil ; common.

Monroe (Rn-R) ; Kellers's Church (B) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Lumberville (L) ; Buckingham (L) ; Bristol
(L).

Cercis canadensis L. Eedbud. Judas Tree.

Rich soil in rocky woods; occurs only in a few localities but
is abundant where it does occur.

Finland (L) ; Ridge Valley (F).

Baptisia tinctoria (L.) E. Br. Wild Indigo.

Dry open woods, thickets and pastures; infrequent.

Monroe (R^R) ; East Rockhill Township (F) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Carversville (L) ; Andalusia (L).

T

196 The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Orotalatia sagittaUs L. Battle-box.

Dry open places, preferably in light soil ; frequent.

D^ham (Vr) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Bedmmster
(F) ; Soliday's Island (P) ; Riehboro (L) ; Woodbourne (L) ;
Tullytown (Dr) ; Bristol (L) ; (Holicong) ; (Upper Makefield).

[Oytisus scoparius (L.) Link.
In the County according to Porter but no specimens found.]

Lupinus perennis L. Wild Lupine.

Dry sandy soil ; rare.

KintnersviUe (E^R) ; Wyker's Island (E^R) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Penn Valley (C) ; (Bedminster).

*Trif oUum axvense L. BABBiT-roor Clovee.

Fields and waste places ; common.

Monroe (I^-R) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; fprmg^^;^
(B); Pleasant Valley (B) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Telford B ;
PipersviUe (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Washington's Crossing (B) ;
Tullytown (B).

♦Trlf oUum incaxnatum L. Ceimson Clover.

Rarely established temporarily in fields and waste places.
Telford (Sm) ; Penn Valley (F) ; (Hilltown).

♦Trif olimn pratense L. Bed Clovee.

Fields, meadows and roadsides ; common.

Monroe (Er-R) ; Quakertown (L) ; Telford (B) ; Blooming
Glen (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Washington's Crossing (Me).

*Trif oUum repens L. White Clovee.

Fields and waste places; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Sundale (L) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Tullytown (L).

*Trifolium liybridum L. Alsike Clovee.

In fields, meadows and waste places ; common.
Revere (R-R); Quakertown (B) ; Rockhill (L) ; Telford
(Sm) ; Blooming Glen (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Tullytown (B).

<%»

n>

♦4r

Leguminosae

197

*Trifolium agrarium L. Yellow Clovee. Hop Clovee.

(T, aureum of authors.)

Fields, roadsides and waste places ; common.

Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Sundale (L) ;
Richlandtown (L) ; Rocky Rid'ge (L) ; Telford (B) ; Dublin
(L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Edison (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Bristol
(Dr).

*Trlfolliiin procumbens L. Low Hop Clovee.

Fields and roadsides ; not frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Springtown (B) ; Telford (Sm) ; Doyles-
town (Me).

* Trif olimn dubinm Sibth.

Fields and waste places ; rare.

Turkey Hill (B) ; Penn Valley (F) ; (TuUytown).

"^Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Yellow Sweet Clovee.

A weed of fields, roadsides and waste ground ; frequent.

Richlandtown (B) ; Argus (F) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Point
Pleasant (R-R); Neshaminy (Mc) ; Bristol (Dr) ; (Quaker-
town) ; (New Hope).

*Melilotus alba Dear. Wbite Sweet Clovee.

Similar situations as preceding; frequent.

Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Richlandtown (L) ; Shelly (B) ;
Argus (F) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Telford (B) ; Point Pleasant (L) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; (Durham Furnace) ; (New
Hope); (Langhorne).

*IAedicago sativa L. Alfalfa.

Established in fields and along roadsides; frequent.

Riegelsville (R-R) ; West RockhiU Township (F) ; Doyles-
town (F)(Me); Bristol (C).

*Medicago lupullna L. Black Medick.

Fields and waste places as a weed ; common.
Monroe (B) ; Ottsville (L) ; Shelly (B) ; SellersviUe (F) ;
Doylestown (Me); Feasterville (B).

Ar^-

4^''

*^

'•^1^

198

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Leguminosae

199

[Medicago axabica Huds.
Keported from Andalusia (Ma) but no specimens found.]

[Medicago hispida Gaertn.

(M. denticulata Willd.)

In the County according to Porter but no specimens seen.]

*Lotiis comiculatus L.
Established on lawn, Telford (Sm, August 20, 1917).

*Amorpha frutlcosa L. False Indigo.

Established as a roadside escape, Richlandtown (L, June 26,
1927).

Tephrosia vlrginiana (L.) Pers. Goat's Eue. Catgut.

{Cracca virginiana L.)
Dry sandy soil; infrequent.

Nockamixon (F) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Buckingham (L) ;
Andalusia (Ma).

*Bobinia Pseudo-Acacia L. Black Locust.

Established in fence rows and along banks ; locally abundant.

Monroe (Er-R) ; Seller sville (F) ; Ottsville (L) ; Point Pleas-
ant (L) ; Morrisville (Dr).

*Bobinia viscosa Vent. Clammy Locust.

Rarely escaped from cultivation.

Escaped, Revere (L) ; spontaneous, Quakertown (Mo).

Desmondium nudiflonim (L.) DC.

Dry open woods; frequent.

Monroe (R^R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Argus
(B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Buckingham (B) ; Brownsburg (L) ;
Turkey Hill (B) ; Penns Park (L) ; Feasterville (B).

Desmodinm grandiflormn (Walt.) DC.

Dry open, often rocky, woods; frequent except on Coastal
Plain.

Monroe (Dr) ; Haycock Mountain (B) ; Weisel (B) ; Rich Hill
(L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Erwinna (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Penns
Park (L).

^u

A)1

.■*1

r-M

1

1

f

-v

\

-#^

i'<

*** <•

¥.^

■^ ^

y

"^v

^^

"f ►

i^

i

^^

■v»

Desmodlnin rotundif olium (Michx.) DC.

(Meibomia Michauxii Vail.)

Dry open places, borders of woods and thickets; occasional.

Durham (Rr-R) ; Haycock Mountain (Tr-P) ; Finland (B) ;
Tinicum Township (F) ; Plumsteadville (F) ; Doylestown (Me).

Desmodium glabeUum (Michx.) DC.

Dry usually sandy soil ; rare.

Near Durham (R-R, September 12, 1888, and September,

1890).

In the manuscript notes kept by the Ruth Brothers they state
that this plant was found at the Indian jasper mine near Rattle-
snake Hill.

The above speciments have been critically examined and show
all the characters of typical D. glabellum except the loments
which appear to be somewhat abnormal.

Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. Hoaey Tick Teetoil.

Rich sandy loam along the Delaware River ; infrequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Morrisville (B) ; Anda-
lusia (Ma) (L).
Desmodium bracteosum (Michx.) DC.

Dry woods and thickets; rare.

Rattlesnake Hill, Durham Township (Rr-R); Rockhill (F,

August, 1881).

Desmodium laevigatum (Nutt.) DC. Smooth Tick-tretoil.

Dry woods; rare.

Finland (L) ; Buckingham Mountain (J. K. Leatherman) ;

Glen Lake (L).

Desmodium viridiflorum (L.) Beck.

Dry woods; rare.

Buckingham (L, July 23, 1917).

Desmodium DiUenii Darl.

Woods, thickets and open places ; frequent.

Monroe (Dr) ; Haycock Run (B) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill
(F) ; SeUersville (B) ; Lumberville (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Center Bridge (Fi) ; Yardley (Dr) ; Eddington (B).

200

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Desmodium panlculatum (L.) DC.

Dry open places; occasional.

Nockamixon (Tr-P) ; Finland (L) ; Kockhill (F) ; Sellers-
ville (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Yardley (Fo-P) ; Emilie (B).

Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. Showy Tick-teubfoil.

Thickets and stream banks ; frequent.

Nockamixon (C) (F) ; Narrowsville (L) ; Kocky Ridge (L) ;
Sellersville (B) ; Pipersville (F); Point Pleasant (L) ; Morris-
ville (L); Bristol (Dr).

Desmodium rlgldum (EU.) DC.
Dry open woods ; rare.
Turkey Hill (B, August 24, 1920) ; (Sellersville).

Desmodium obtusum (Muhl.) DC.

Dry open sandy woods and thickets ; not frequent.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Rockhill (F) ; Lumberville (B).

Desmodium marUandicum (L.) DC.

Fields, thickets and open woods ; infrequent.

Nockamixon (R^R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Finland (B) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Furlong (L).

Lespedeza procumbem* Michx. Teailing Bush Clovee.
Dry usually sandy soil ; occasional.
Passer (Wi) ; Rockhill (F) ; Aquetong (L) ; Turkey Hill (B).

Lespedeza repens (L.) Bart.

Dry sandy soil ; occasional.

Durham (R-R) ; (F); Furlong (B) ; Turkey Hill (B) ;
Edgely (L).

Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers. Bush Clover.

Dry open woods and thickets ; infrequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Rocky Valley near
Passer (B) ; Brownsburg (L).

Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britten.

Dry open woods, thickets and banks ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Rockhill (F) ; Perkasie (B) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Pipersville (F) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Bristol (F)(C).

Leguminosae

201

Lespedeza intermedia (Wats.) Britten.

(L. frutescens of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xxvi. 29

(1924).

Dry open woods; frequent.

Narrowsville (Bn) ; Haycock Mountain (B) ; Rockhill (F) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Turkey Hill (B) ; Emilie
(B); Bristol (F).

Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem.

Loose dry soil; frequent.

Nockamixon (F) (Bn) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Doylestown

(Me).

Lespedeza capitata Michx.

Dry fields and banks; frequent.

Monroe (R^R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Keller's Church
(B) ; Perkasie (B) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; TuUytown (C) ; Bris-
tol (F).
Lespedeza angustif olia (Pursh) Ell.

Dry sandy soil of the Coastal Plain ; rare and local.

A single sheet bearing the localities Penn Valley and TuUy-
town on same label (C, September 12, 1894).

Stylosanthes biflora (L.) BSP. Pencil Flower.

Dry, usually sandy soil; rare.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Point Pleasant (F, August, 1881) ; (Bristol).

[Vicia sativa L.

Reported from Durham (R) but material proves to be F.
angustif olia var. segetalis,]

*Vicia angustifolia Eeichard, var. segetalis (ThuUl.) Koch.

Canal near Durham Lock (Rr-R, October 29, 1887) ; natu-
ralized as a weed along railroad near Doylestown (B, June 12,
1921).

* Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Moench.

Fields, roadsides and waste places; sparingly introduced.

Almont (B, July 23, 1923) ; Dark Hollow, near New Hope (J.
H. Butterfoss-R, June 1, 1889).

202

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

*Vicia Cracca L. Cow Vetch.

Established in dry soil ; frequent.

Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me); Bristol (Dr) ; (Plum-
stead); (Lahaska) ; (New Hope) ; (Wrightstown).

Vicia caroliniana Walt.

Banks, cliffs and fields ; rare.

Springfield Township (F, May 3, 1902) ; (Durham) ; (Point
Pleasant) .

Vicia americana Muhl.

Moist ground; rare.

Monroe (E^R) ; Point Pleasant (F, June 15, 1885) ; (Er-
winna).

*Vicia viUosa Eoth. Haiey Vetch. Wintee Vetch.

Used as a cover crop and occasionally persistent for some years
where it was sown, or sometimes established along roadsides and
in waste places.

Perkasie (F) ; Doylestown (B) ; Penn Valley (F)(Wi).

[Lathyrus palustris L.
No material found to verify the Bristol (Ma) record.]

Latlijnnis palustris L., var. myrtif olius (Muhl.) Gray.

(L, myrtif alius Muhl.)

Moist shores and banks ; rare.

Tullytown (Dr, August 7, 1925). There are also two sheets
with C. D. Fretz labels and labelled ''Bucks Co., Pa." One is
dated June, 1866, and the other July, 1867. It is possible that
one of these is the basis for the Bristol (Ma) record although
the labels do not indicate that Martindale was the collector.

[Lathyrus venosus Muhl.

Reported from New Hope by E. Newlin Williams but no ma-
terial has been found.]

Apios tuberosa Moench. Ground Nut.
(A, Apios McM.)
Low rich thickets; common.

Linaceae

203

Buckwampum Mountain (Er-R) ; Doylestown (Me) : Penn Val-
ley (J) ; Bristol (F) ; Oxford Valley (L).

Phaseolus polystachyus (L.) BSP. Wild Bean.

In thickets ; rare and local.

Nockamixon (F) ; Solebury (E. Newlin "Williams).

Strophostyles helvola (L.) Britton.

Sandy soil in lower end ; locally abundant.

Tullytown (F) ; Bristol (F) ; Andalusia (Ma) ; (Penn Valley).

Strophostyles umbeUata (Muhl.) Britton.

Sandy soil of the Coastal Plain ; locally abundant.

Turkey Hill (B) ; Tullytown (F) ; Bristol (F) ; (Langhorne) ;
(Penn Valley).

Amphicarpa monoica (L.) Ell. Hog Peanut.

(Falcata comosa of authors.)

Moist woods and thickets; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Haycock Mountain (B) ; Argus (L) ; Ridge
Valley (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Grenoble (L) ;
Turkey Hill (B).

Amphicarpa Pitcheri T. & G.

(Falcata Pitcheri (T. & G.) Kuntze).

Moist thickets and borders of marshes; much less frequent

than DrecedinsT.

Monroe (Dr)'; LumberviUe (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; TuUytown

(L).

LINACEAE (flax family)

*Linum usitatissimum L. Common Flax.
A weedy escape along railroads and roadsides ; occasional.
Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me).

♦Linum sulcatum Eiddell.

Reported in Keller & Brown's Flora of Philadelphia and Vi-
cinity, 208 (1905) by Benjamin H. Smith as occurring at Bristol.
Mr. Smith in a letter to Dr. C. D. Fretz, dated May 24, 1904,
states that ''L. sulcatum as reported from Bristol by me, was

204

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

\ ;

erroneous, as I never collected plants in that locality, but I have
collected the plant in Tinicum, Delaware County. ' ' This species
is therefore excluded.]

TilTiTini striatum Walt. Yellow Flax.

Moist open ground; occasional.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Rockhill (F) ; Ridge Valley (P) ;
Dublin (Dr) ; Turkey Hill (B) ; Tullytown (F) ; Bristol (B) ;
(Durham) ; (Penn Valley).

Tiinnm virglnianum L. Yellow Flax.

Dry jfields and banks or in shaded situations ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Revere (W) ; Springtown (L) ; Shelly (B) ;
Finland (L) ; Rocky Ridge (B) ; Dublin (Dr) ; Doylestown
(Me); Buckingham (K).

Tiinnm medium (Planch.) Britton.

Dry to somewhat damp soil ; rare.

Keller's Church (B) ; Three Mile Run (F) ; Roelofs (L).

Tiinum floridanum (Planch.) Trel.

Open woods and fields; rare.
Keller's Church (B) ; Roelofs (L).

OXALIDACEAE (w^ood sorrel family)
Ozalis violacea L. Violet Wood Soerel.

Open woods, thickets and hillsides; frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Ottsville (B)(L); Finland (L) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Aquetong (Wi) ; Roelofs
(L); Hulmeville (B).

OzaUs stricta L. Yellow Wood Sorrel.

Gravelly or stony fields and waste places ; frequent.
Sellersville (F) ; Hilltown (F) ; Morrisville (L) ; Tullytown
(B); Bristol (L).

Oxalis florida Salisb. Yellow Wood Sorrel.

(0. flipes of Gray's Manual ed. 7, not Small, and 0. BriU
tonae Small). Rhodora, xxvii. 133 (1925).
Dry sandy or gr«avelly soil; common.

Geraniaceae

205

Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Doylestown (Dr) ; Aquetong (K) ; Feasterville (B) ; Yardley
(L); Morrisville (Dr) ; Bristol (L).

Oxalis europaea Jord. Yellow Wood Sorrel.

(0. corniculata of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, not L., and 0. rufa
of Fretz's Flora.) Rhodora, xxvii. 135 (1925).

Abandoned fields, woods and thickets; frequent.

Kintnersville (Dr) ; Applebachsville (L) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Plumsteadville (Dr) ; Doylestown (Me) (B) ; Lumberville (L) ;
Emilie (B).

Some of this material can be referred to forma cymosa with
spreading hairs on the pedicels. (0. cymosa Small). In the
typical form the hairs are appressed.

[Ozalis corniculata L. Creeping Yellow Wood Sorrel.

(0. repens of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

This plant is especially prevalent on ballast and in and about
greenhouses. Keported from Durham Furnace but no material
was found.]

GERANIACEAE (oERANroM family)
Oeranimn maculatum L. Wild Cranesbill.

Banks, thickets and borders of woods; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Spinnerstown (B) ; Finland (F) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; La-
haska (L).
Geranium Robertianum L. Herb Kobert.

Shaded rocky woods and cliffs; locally abundant.

Riegelsville (Bn) ; Durham Furnace (F) ; Monroe (L) ; Nock-
amixon (J) (P) (M) ; NarrowsviUe (Bn) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Er-
winna (B. Walton) ; Rockhill (F) ; (Argus) ; (Point Pleasant).

Geranium carolinianum L.

Dry often sterile soil ; frequent.

Durham (F) ; Upper Black Eddy (Pr) ; Morrisville (L) ; Tul-
lytown (F); Churchville (B) ; Croydon (K).

* Geranium pusiUum Burm. f .
Persistent on lawn, Telford (B, August 3, 1912).

206

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Polygalaceae

207

I!

*Geranium molle L.
Waste ground, Sellersville (F, June 22, 1899).

•Geranium columbinum L.

Dry roadside bank near Beaver Creek, Tinicum Township, east
of Ottsville (B, May 30, 1923).

*Qeranium striatum L.

An introduced species growing abundantly in the George
School woods near a rubbish heap. It has been known to grow
there for a number of years and was called to the writer's at-
tention in 1931 by Miss Annie C. Scarborough. Herbarium
specimens were collected on June 29, 1932 (B).

A native of Italy and the Balkan region, the species has be-
come established in various parts of Europe. How it was intro-
duced at George School is not known.

*Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her. Stoeksbill.

Established as a weed, Newtown (Warren P. Adams, May 11,

1916).

RUT ACE AE (rue family)

Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. Peickly Ash.

Rocky woods, thickets and banks ; frequent in upper end.

Nockamixon Swamp (Bn) ; Revere (L) ; Quakertown (B) ;
Ottsville (L) ; Trumbauersville (L) ; Finland (B) ; Argus
(F)(K)(Bn).

Ptelea trif oliata L. Hop Teee.

Alluvial soil; rare.

Stover's & Ridge Island (Mo) -, Morrisville (L).

SIMARUBACEAE (quassia family)

*Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Teee of Heaven.

(A. glandulosa Desf.) Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. vi. 490 (1916).

The species is probably established in a number of localities
but material is scarce in herbaria.

Ottsville (B, September 19, 1931) ; (Buckingham Mountain).

^

POLYGALACEAE (milkwort family)

Polygala paucif oUa Willd. Floweeing Winteegeeen.

Dry woods and shaded banks; rare.
Near Quakertown (F, June 1876).

Polygala Senega L. Seneca Snakeeoot.

Damp meadows ; few stations in County but very abundant at

these stations.

Near Quakertown (Bn) ; Springfield Township, near Pleasant

Valley (T)(F); (Bristol).

Polygala sanguinea L. Pueple Milkwoet.

(P. viridescens L.)

Fields and meadows ; common.

Revere (B) ; Quakertown (Bn) ; Steinsburg (Wi) ; Kellers-
ville (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Neshaminy (Me) ; Buckingham (J) ; Yardley (Me) ; Morrisville
(Dr) ; Roelofs (L) ; Penn Valley (C) (J) ; TuUytown (C) (Bn) ;
Bristol (F).

Polygala Nuttallii T. & G.

Dry sandy soil of the Coastal Plain ; rare and local.
Penn Valley (C) ; Tullytown (C) (F) ; Bristol (B) (Ma).

Polygala cruciata L. Ceoss-leaved Milkwoet.
Low sandy soil of the Coastal Plain ; rare.
Yardley (B) ; Bristol (F).

Polygala verticiUata L.

Dry or moist fields, slopes and open woods ; common.

Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Rockhill (Bi) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Stump Eoad, Plumstead Township (L).

Polygala Pretzii Pennell.

A segregate of P. verticiUata L. Bartonia xiii. 12 (1931).

Meadows and sandy slopes ; frequent.

Pleasant Valley (B) ; Passer (Wi) ; Quakertown (B) ; Argus
(K) ; Ottsville (L) ; Lumberville (L) ; Bristol (Dr).

This species differs from P. verticiUata by its hirsute seed, the
longer capsule (1.5 mm. long) and the racemes are on peduncles
2-7 cm. long.

rtiMta

f*^

208

The- Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Euphorbiaceae

209

Ilii

I I

i'li

Polygala ambigua Nutt.

(P. verticillata, var. ambigua of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Fields, woods and slopes ; frequent.

Monroe (Kr-R) ; Ottsville (B) ; Roekhill (F) ; Bristol (Ma).

[Polygala Intea L. Orange Milkwort.

Reported from near Bristol (Ma) but no material has been
found to verify this record.]

EUPHORBIACEAE (spurge family)

Crotonopsis elllptica Willd.

(0. linearis of Fretz's Flora.) Bui. Torr. Bot. Club, xlv.
477 (1918).

Dry sandy soil ; rare.

li miles S.W. of Bristol (D, August 19, 1866).

Real C. linearis is a southern species ; it has rather long slender
fruiting spikes with three to six fruits without evident vein on
each side, whereas C. elliptica has a shorter fruiting spike with
but one or two fruits, each fruit with an evident median vein
on each side.

Acalypha Virginia L. Three-seeded Mercury.

Weed of woods, thickets, roadsides and waste places ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Shelly (B) ; Lumberville (B) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Jamison (Dr) ; Wrightstown (B) ;
Emilie (B) ; Bristol (B).

Acalypha gracilens Gray.

Dry woods and thickets ; occasional.

Plumstead (Mo) ; Mechanicsville (B) ; New Hope (Fi) ; Mor-
risville (L) ; Fallsington (L).

Acalypha digyneia Baf .

Rhodora, xxix. 198 (1927).

Dry open ground ; frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Telford (B) ;
Lumberville (L) ; Emilie (B) ; Feasterville (B).

Formerly confused with A, virginica from which it is distin-
guished by its narrower leaves, by the spreading pubescence of

\

i

the stem, and by the more numerously lobed (11-15) more or
less hispid fruiting bracts.

Acalypha ostryaef olia Biddell.

A southern species usually found in thickets and waste places
is reported from Morrisville in Fretz's Flora by a Mr. Lanning.
The only material discovered is a specimen with a Thos. C.
Porter label, and is labelled in Porter's handwriting, ** Bucks
Co., Penna. Legit Lanning.'' There is no date. This is most
likely the basis for the record in Fretz's Flora.

Euphorbia nutans Lag.

(E, Preslii of Manuals.)

A weed in fields, thickets and waste places ; common.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Ottsville (L) ; Point Pleas-
ant (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Washington's
Crossing (Me); Hulmeville (B).

Euphorbia hirsuta (Torr.) Wiegand.

Similar situations as the preceding ; common.
Nockamixon (F) ; Haycock Run (B) ; Point Pleasant (L) ;
Brownsburg (L) ; TuUytown (F) ; (Hilltown).

Euphorbia maculata L. Milk Purslane.

Similar situations; common.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Sellersville (F) ; SoUiday's Island
(P) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Grenoble
(L) ; Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (Fo-P) ; Bristol (Dr).

*Euphorbia marginata Pursh. Snow-on-the-Mountain.

Waste ground ; rare as an escape.

Monroe (R-R) ; South Perkasie (F) ; SellersvUle (F) ; Bristol

(B).

Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge.

Dry sandy soil along the Delaware River ; rare.
Monroe (R^R, August, 1885) ; Kintnersville (R-R, August,
1889) ; Point Pleasant (B, July 31, 1923).

210

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Anacardiaceae

211

Euphorbia Ipecacuanhae L.

Dry sandy soil, Turkey Hill, near Penn Valley (C, June 8,
1894, andJuly 19, 1908).

♦Euphorbia Helioscopia L.
Waste ground, Bristol (F, May 30, 1913).

♦Euphorbia Cyparissias L. Cypress Spuege.
Escaped from cultivation; occasional.
Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Bristol (B).

♦Euphorbia Lathyrus L. Mole Spurge.
A rare escape.
Narrowsville (L) ; Rockhill Station (Bl-G) ; Sellersville (F).

CALLITRICHACEAE (water starwort family)
Callitriche Austini Engelm.

(C deflexa, var. Austini of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Damp soil, frequent.

Spinnerstown (L) ; Quakertown (E) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point
Pleasant (L) ; Glen Lake (V) ; New Hope (B) ; Oxford Val-
ley (L).

CaUitriche palustris L. Water Starwort.

Quiet waters of ditches and pools ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Uhlertown (Me); Washington's Crossing
(Me) ; Glen Lake (V) ; Yardley (L) ; Fallsington (L) ; Croydon
(Dr).

CaUitriche heterophyUa Pursh.

Ditches, pools and muddy places ; frequent.

Richlandtown (Me) ; Quakertown (L) ; Finland (L) ; Sellers-
ville (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Turkey Hill (L) ; Andalusia (L).

♦Callitriche stagnalis Scop.

Ditches, pools and streams ; frequent.

Rockhill (M)(K); Doylestown (B) ; Oxford Valley (Grace
Tees); Emilie (Dr).

An Old World species formerly confused with C. heterophyUa
but differing from it by its coarser growth, larger fruit (1.7 mm.

high) which is green and has a transparent wing on outer
margin. In C. heterophyUa the fruit is 1 mm. high, brown and
without a wing. Rhodora, xxxiv. 37 (1932).

[Callitriche autumnalis L.

(C bifida Morong.)

A northern species reported from Rockhill Township, near
Sellersville but no specimens found.]

LIMNANTHACEAE (false mermaid family)
Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd. False Mermaid.

Quiet shallow waters, damp alluvial woods and thickets;
locally very abundant.

Pleasant Valley (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Bedminster (L) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Edison (Fo-P) ; Penn's Park (L) •, Morris-
ville (L) ; Janney (L) ; (Bensalem).

ANACARDIACEAE (cashew family)
Bhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac.

(B, hirta Sudworth.)

Dry banks, clearings and fence rows ; frequent.

Narrowsville (L) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Ottsville
(B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; By cot ( J) ; Buck-
manville (L) ; Langhorne (B) ; Turkey Hill (L) ; Tullytown
(L).
Bhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac.

Dry soil; common.

Durham (R^R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Rich Hill (F) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc).

Bhus copallina L. Dwabf Sumac.

Dry banks and thickets; infrequent.

Bursonville (Rr-R) ; two miles west of Sellersville, in West
Rockhill Township (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Brownsburg (L).

Bhus Vemix L. Poison Sumac.

Swamps and wet thickets ; locally abundant.

Strawntown (Bl-G) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Doylestown
(Me); swamp, Buckingham (F) ; Yardley (Fo) ; Tullytown
(M); Bristol (L).

212

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Aceraceae

213

Rhus Toxicodendron L. Poison Ivy.

(B, radicans of Fretz's Flora.)

Banks, roadsides, fence rows and woods; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Milford Square (L) ; Sel-
lersville (F) ; Pipersville (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy
(L); Grenoble (L) ; Tullytown (L) ; Hulmeville (B).

Very variable as to habit, habitat, leaf -shape, pubescence and
dentation of leaf, and fruit but the differences do not appear to
be constant.

AQUIFOLIACEAE (holly family)
Ilex opaca Ait. American Holly.

Moist woods and thickets; rare.

Yardley (L) ; Bristol (B) ; (Attleborough).

Ilex verticiUata (L.) Gray. Winterberry. Black Alder.

Low woods and thickets; frequent.

Nockamixon (M) ; Ottsville (B) ; Rockhill (Br) ; Argus (B) ;
Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Yardley
(L); Emilie (Dr) ; Tullytown (C) ; Bristol (B)(St).

Hex verticiUata (L.) Gray, var. padifoUa (Willd.) T. & G.

A specimen in the Herbarium of J. A. & H. F. Ruth forms
the basis for the Buckwampum Mountain record of /. verticiUata
cyclophylla Robinson of Fretz's Flora. The material proves to
be var. padifolia.

Hex laevigata (Pursh) Gray. Smooth Winterberry.

Swamps, wet woods and thickets of the Coastal Plain; not
frequent.

Yardley (L) ; TuUytown (B) ; (Bristol).
Ilex glabra (L.) Gray. Inkberry.
Low sandy ground; rare.
Bristol (Ma, July 1866).

CELASTRACEAE (staff tree family)

♦Evonymus atropurpureus Jacq. Burning Bush. Waahoo.

Woods and thickets; rare.

Durham (Kr-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Trumbauersville (L) ; Rock-
hill (F); Buckingham (L).

t

%

V

« •

^v

tl

'►e-

«•

*' ■

•-•r

" ■

^-^

^^^^m

^.|

K^« fly

f 4-

v.<l

'^<¥

''*'l

*•*

m

-T

*n

<,

n^U

*'•!-

^m

'^T •#

nM

^r*

«»;1'^H

^'>V»

A plant of the Mississippi Basin common in cultivation and
represented in the County only as an escape.

*Evonyinus europaeus I. European Spindle Tree.

Naturalized in open woods and along roadsides; rare.
Bristol (P); Croydon (K) ; (Tullytown).

Evonymus americanus L. Strawberry Bush.

Low woods and thickets; rare.

Langhorne (B) ; Roelofs (L) ; Yardley (B) ; Bristol (B)(F) ;
Andalusia (L) ; (Bensalem).

[Evonymus obovatus Nutt.
Reported from Langhorne 's Hill (Ma) but no material seen.]

Celastms scandens L. Climbing Bitter-sweet.

Fence rows, thickets and stream banks; common.

Nockamixon (M) ; Bursonville'(L) ; Richlandtown (B) ; Mil-
ford Square (B) ; Finland (L) ; Trumbauersville (L) ; Perkasie
(F) ; Argus (L) ; New Britain Township (Gr) ; Danboro (L) ;
Lumberville (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Solebury Meeting House
(Miss E. Mullen) ; Jericho Hill (L) ; Center Bridge (L).

STAPHYLEACEAE (bladder nut family)
Staphylea trif oUa L. American Bladder Nut.

Fence rows, thickets and moist banks ; frequent.

Nockamixon (M) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Ottsville (L) ; Rockhill
(W) ; Sellersville (F) ; Curley Hill (B) ; Point Pleasant (Me) ;
New Hope (Sg) ; Rushland (L).

ACERACEAE (maple family)
Acer pennsylvanicum L. Striped Maple.

Wooded cliffs along the Delaware River; rare.
Lumberville (Fi) ; Center Bridge (Fi).

Acer spicatnm Lam. Mountain Maple.

Damp rocky woods and thickets ; rare.

Nockamixon (M) (H) (Br) (C) ; Haycock Mountain (Ma);
Point Pleasant (Fo) ; (Pipersville).

- '.I' >."; J'i.>jJi-..i.n>

4

214

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

VitOrCeae

215

Acer sacchamm Marsh. Sugar Maple.

Upland woods and banks in loose soil; infrequent.
Narrowsville (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Tel-
ford (B).

Acer nigrum Michx. f . Black Sugar Maple.

(A, saccharum, var. nigrum of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Low moist ground and alluvial banks; occasional.
Milford Square (F) ; RockhiU (F) ; 2 m. west of Sellersville
(F) ; Morrisville (L) ; (Narrowsville).

♦Acer platanoides L. Norway Maple.

Established in fence rows and waste ground; rare.
Aquetong (L) ; Bristol (B) ; (Doylestown, according to J.
Kirk Leatherman but no herbarium material found).

*Acer campestre L.

Rarely naturalized.
Yardley (L, July 28, 1928).

Acer saccharinum L. Silver Maple.

Low woods, thickets and banks ; frequent.
Narrowsville (V&L) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Warrington (L) ;
Penns Park (L) ; Tullytown (B) ; Andalusia (L).

Acer rubmm L. Bed Maple.

Damp slopes, low woods, thickets and swamps; common.
Monroe (E^R) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Hagersville (B) ; Sellers-
ville (F) ; Danboro (B) ; Warrington (L) ; Pineville (B).

Acer rubrum L., var. tridens Wood.

{Acer carolinianum of authors.)
Low ground of the Coastal Plain ; locally abundant.
Morrisville (L) ; Turkey Hill (L) ; Emilie (B) ; Tullytown
(M) (St).

Acer Negundo L. Box Elder.

Stream banks and alluvial thickets; frequent.
Upper Black Eddy (T) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Churchville
(B); Bristol (B) ; Croydon (B) ; (SeUersviUe).

BALSAMINACEAE (touch-me-not family)
Impatiens paUida Nutt. Pale Touch-me-not.

(7. aurea of Fretz's Flora.)

Moist rich soil in shady places and along banks ; frequent along
the Delaware River.

NarrowsviUe (F) ; Ottsville (B) ; Pipersville (F) ; Point
Pleasant (F) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Washington's Crossing (Me).

Impatiens biflora Walt. Spotted Touch-me-not.

Moist or yet shady places ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Aquetong (L) ; Tully-
town (L).

RHAMNACEAE (buckthorn family)

Ceanothus amerlcanus L. New Jersey Tea.

Dry open woods and thickets and fields in sterile soil ; frequent.

Nockamixon (J) ; Haycock Mountain (B) ; Finland (L) ;
Rocky Ridge (W) ; Rockhill (M) ; Perkasie (Pr) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Richboro (L).

VITACEAE (vine family)
Parthenocissus quinq.uefolia (L.) Planch. Virginia Creeper.

(Psedera quinquefolia of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Woods and thickets especially in low ground ; frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc).

This generic name is included among the ''nomina conser-
vanda'' of the International Code since 1910.

Vltls labmsca L. Northern Fox Grape.

Woods, thickets and stream banks ; frequent.
Durham (F) ; Richlandtown (B) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Rock-
hiU (F) ; Telford (B) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Fallsington (L).

*Vitis Labrnscana Bailey.

See Bailey's Manual of Cultivated Plants, 478 (1924).

Escaped from cultivation ; occasional.

Ottsville (B) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Tullytown (L).

^^V

216

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

According to Dr. Bailey, this species includes many of the
common grapes of cultivation, as Concord, Worden, Hartford,
Isabella, Niagara, Catawba and others.

Vitis aestivalis Michx. Summer Grape. Pigeon Grape.

Thickets and woods ; frequent.

Monroe (B) ; Nockamixon (P) ; Haycock Mountain (B) ;
Rockhill (F) (W); Richboro (L) ; (Sellersville) ; (Solebury
Township).

A sterile specimen from Haycock Mountain (Mc, September
13, 1930) approaches V, hicolor LeConte which was reported
from the County by Porter. This specimen is here regarded as
only a glabrous form of V, aestivalis.

Vltis cordif oUa Michx. Frost Grape. Chicken Grape.

Thickets and along stream banks; common.

Monroe (B) ; Nockamixon (J) (M) ; Haycock Mountain (B) ;
Rockhill (J) (M) ; Curley Hill (B) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Jami-
son (Dr) ; Richboro (L) ; Buckmanville (L) ; Grenoble (L) ;
Newtown (Dr) ; Morrisville (L) ; Emilie (L).

Vitis vulpina L. River-bank Grape.

Banks of the Delaware River; locally abundant.
Monroe (R-R) ; Nockamixon (P) (F) (M) (C) ; Point Pleas-
ant (B) ; Yardley (L) ; (New Hope).

TILIACEAE (linden family)
Tilia americana L. Linden. Basswood.

Rich woods, fields and fence rows ; frequent throughout except
on Coastal Plain, where it is rare.

Monroe (R-R) ; Haycock Mountain (L) ; Rockhill (L) ; Argus
(L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Ottsville (B) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Yard-
ley (L).

MALVACEAE (mallow family)

♦Abutilon Theophrasti Medic.

(A. Ahutilon of Fretz's Flora.)

Waste places, cultivated fields and roadsides ; frequent.
Monroe (R-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Yardley
(L) ; Bristol (F).

Malvaceae

217

■

*Sida spinosa L.

Adventive in waste places ; rare.

Monroe (R-R, July 19, 1887) ; Bristol (F, August, 1880, and
Sept. 15, 1898).

[Althaea officinalis L.

Reported from the County by Porter but no material was
found.]

Althaea rosea Cav. Hollyhock.

Escaped from cultivation ; occasional.

Perkasie (F) ; Plumstead Township (F) ; (Rockhill) ; (Sel-
lersville).

*Malva rotundif oUa L. Common Mallow. Cheeses.

Cultivated fields, roadsides and waste places; occasional.
Monroe (R-R) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Brownsburg
(L) ; Churchville (B) ; TuUytown (K).

*Malva verticiUata L.

(M. crispa of Fretz's Flora.)

An escape from cultivation. Mount Pleasant, Hilltown Town-
ship (F, August, 1882).

♦Malva sylvestris L.

Escaped along roadsides ; rare.
Monroe (Rr-R) ; Sellersville (F).

*Malva sylvestris L., var. mauretiana (L.) Boiss.

Rhodora, xii. 140 (1910).

Similar situations as species ; rare.

Telford (B, August 18, 1909).

This variety has loose spreading hairs, the leaves are obtusely
lobed and the flowers deep purple, while in the typical species
the plant is glabrate with leaves rather prominently angulate
lobed and reddish purplish flowers.

*Malva moschata L.

Naturalized in waste places, fields and roadsides ; occasional.
Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Furlong (B) ; Bycot (K).

218

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

I

*Calllrhoe Involucrata (A. & G.) Gray.

A rare introduction from the western United States.
Doylestown (A. S. Martin, August 19, 1904).

•Hibiscus syriacus L. Rose op Sharon.

Rarely established in thickets and along roadsides.
Quakertown (F) ; Bristol (F).

Hibiscus Moscheutos L. Rose Mallow.

River banks and marshes, chiefly on the Coastal Plain ; locally
abundant.

Point Pleasant (B) ; Morrisville (Dr) ; Tullytown (B) ; Bris-
tol (L) ; Andalusia (Ma).

The Point Pleasant specimen has white petals with a crimson
blotch at the base. It is the form sometimes known as H, oculi-
roseus Britton but is generally considered as only a color form.

*Hibiscus Trionum L. Flowee-of-an-houe.

A weed of cultivated ground, railroad banks and waste places ;
frequent.

Pleasant VaUey (B) ; Sellersville (B) ; Telford (F) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Furlong (L) ; Oxford Valley (B).

HYPERICACEAE (st. john Vwort family)

Ascjnmn stans Michx. St. Petee's-woet.
Dry sandy soil of Coastal Plain ; rare.
Bristol (D, August 28, 1864.)

Ascjrrum hypericoides L. St. Andeew 's Ceoss.

Dry to moist sandy soil of the Coastal Plain ; occasional.

Turkey Hill (B) ; Penn Valley (J) ; Bristol (Ma) ; Hulme-
ville).

Hypericum Ascyron L. Geeat St. John 's-woet.

Alluvial banks along the Delaware River ; rare.

Monroe (R-R) ; Narrowsville (Bn) (F) (L) ; Point Pleas-
ant (F).

♦Hypericum perforatum L. Common St. John 's-woet.

A weed of roadsides, fields and waste places ; common.

Kintnersville (Dr) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ;
three miles north of Sellersville (Dr) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown

Eypericaceae

219

(Me) (B) ; Neshaminy (Me) ; Neshaminy Falls (M) ; Bristol
(B) ; Andalusia (L).

Hypericum punctatum Lam. Spotted St. John 's-wobt.

(H, maculatum Walt.)

Moist open woods, thickets and fence rows ; frequent.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Haycock Mountain (Tr-P) ;
Rocky Ridge (L) ; Almont (F) ; Erwinna (L) ; Neshaminy (M) ;
Brownsburg (L) ; Washington's Crossing (Dr) ; Tullytown (B).

Hypericum proliflcum L. Sheubby St. John's-woet.

Along roadside, Richlandtown (Fi, August 28, 1905).

Hypericum adpressum Bart.

Moist sandy shores on the Coastal Plain ; occasional.
Tullytown (D) (Ma) (F) (C); Bristol (Bn) (C).

Hypericum eUipticum Hook.

Moist ground ; infrequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Point Pleasant
(L); (SoUiday's Island) ; (Morrisville).

Hypericum denticulatum Walt.

(H. virgatum Lam.)

Rhodora, xvii, 134 (1915).

Wet soil; rare.

Bristol (Ma, 1865, and August, 1886).

Hypericum boreale (Britton) Bicknell.

Marshes and borders of ponds ; rare and local.
Tullytown (Dr) ; Bristol (Dr) (B).

Hypericum mutilum L.

Low ground; frequent.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; RockhiU (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; Yardley (Dr) ; FaUsington (L) ; Morrisville
(Dr) ; Bristol (L) ; Andalusia (L).

Hpyericum gymnanthum Englem. & Gray.
Moist sandy ground ; rare.
Bristol (Ma, August, 1865).

220

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Hypericum canadense L.

Moist to dry sandy ground ; common.

Bursonville (Kr-R) ; Three Mile Run (B) ; Plumstead (B) ;
Doylestown (F) (Me) ; Yardley (Dr) ; Morrisville (L) ; Roelofs
(L) ; Fallsington (L) ; Turkey HiU (B) ; TuUytown (Dr).

Hypericum dissimulatum Bicknell.

Bui. Torr. Bot. Club xl. 610, (1913).

Moist soil ; rare.

Bristol (Dr, Sept. 14, 1924.)

Closely allied with fl". mutilum and H, canadense. It differs
from the former by its stricter less branched habit, narrower
leaves and longer or more ellipsoid purple capsules and from
the latter by its broader, often more clasping leaves, more diffuse
inflorescence and smaller often ellipsoid capsules.

Hypericum gentianoides (L.) BSP. Orange Grass.

(Sarothra gentianoides L.)

Dry sandy or gravelly sterile soil; common.

Rockhill (F); Doylestown (Me); Neshaminy (Mc) ; Turkey
Hill (B) ; TuUytown (B) ; Bristol (F).

Hypericum virginicum L. Marsh St. John 's-wort.

(Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf.)

Wet soil ; frequent on Coastal Plain, rare elsewhere.

Ridge Valley (F) ; Turkey Hill (B) ; TuUytown (Dr) ; EmUie
(Dr); Bristol (L).

ELATINACEAE (waterwort family)
Zllatine americana (Pursh) Am. Waterwort.
Muddy places; rare.

Banks of Delaware River, Andalusia (Ma, August, 1866).
Mud island in Delaware River, Andalusia (W, August, 1898).

CISTACEAE (rockrose family)
Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx. Frostweed.

Dry sandy and gravelly places ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Quakertown (C) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Furlong (B) ; Buckingham Valley (B) ; Lahaska
(L) ; Bristol (F) ; (TuUytown).

Cistaceae

221

Helianthemum Bicknellii Fernald.

{H. ma jus of authors.)

Rhodora, xxi. 36 (1919).

Similar situations as preceding ; less frequent.

Rockhill Township (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; SoUiday^s Island

(F).

Helianthemum proprinquum Bicknell.

Rhodora, xxi. 36 (1919), and BuU. Torr. Bot. Club xl. 615

(1913).
Dry open soil and sandy thickets ; occasional in the lower and

central districts.

Point Pleasant (L) ; Furlong (L) ; Turkey HiU (L) ; Penn

Valley (C) ; Edgley (L).

This is the Coastal Plain form of H. Bicknellii and is more
common southward. It is a lower plant, with longer-pediceUed
petaliferous flowers which are short-racemose to subcorymbose.

Lechea villosa Ell.

Dry or sandy sterile soil of roadsides, fields and waste places ;

occasional.

Monroe (R-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Yardley (Dr) ; Bristol (D) ;

Andalusia (Dr).

Lechea minor L.

Dry soil ; rare.

Glen Lake (F, August 19, 1904), Bristol (D, July 30, 1865).

[Lechea intermedia Leggett.

A northern species reported from Argus but no material was
found to cover the record.]
Lechea maritima Leggett. Beach Pinweed.

Sandy soil of Coastal Plain ; rare.

Bristol (Ma, August, 1865).

Lechea Leggettii Britton & HolUck. Pinweed.

Dry or sandy open places ; frequent.

OttsviUe (L) ; Perkasie (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Furlong (L) ; Buckingham (K) ; Fallsington (B) ; Bris-
tol (B).

222

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Lechea racemulosa Lam.

Dry sandy or rocky soil ; rare.

Monroe (R-R) ; Keller's Church (B) ; Bristol (B).

VIOLACEAE (violet family)
Hybanthos concolor (Forst.) Spreng. Green Violet.

(Cuielium concolor of Fretz's Flora.)

Only one sheet found labelled '* Bucks County, Pa., John But-
terfoss, May 16, 1899.'' This probably came from somewhere in
the Delaware Valley. There is an old record of its occurrence
at Point Pleasant but no herbarium material to cover the record
was seen.

Viola pedata L. Bird-foot Violet.
Dry fields and open woods; rare.
Durham Furnace (L) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L).

Viola pedata L., var. lineariloba DC.

Similar situations as the species; rare.

Durham (Mo); Springfield Township (F).

This is the variety with the petals all of the same light blue
color, while in the typical species the two upper petals are dark
purple.

Viola cucullata Ait. Marsh Blue Violet.

Wet meadows, swamps and stream banks ; frequent to common.

Pleasant Valley (B) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Rockhill (M) ; Sel-
lersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Erwinna (L) ; Yardley (L) ;
Morrisville (L) ; TuUytown (M) (F) (C).

Viola affinls LeConte

Rich woods and thickets mostly in alluvial soil ; frequent ex-
cept in Coastal Plain.

Milford Square (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Hilltown Township
(F); Roelofs (L); TuUytown (M) (C).

Viola papilionacea Pursh. Hooded Blue Violet.

Moist meadows, woods and shaded alluvial soil ; frequent.

Durham Furnace (L) ; Durham (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Point Pleasant (P) ; Penn Valley (C) (F) ; TuUy-
town (C).

Violaceae

223

Included in this species, is the T. papilionacea domestica of
Fretz's Flora (F. domestica Bicknell). The status of this vio-
let is very doubtful and many recent authors place it under
V. papilionacea.

Viola Stoneana House.

(V. septemloha Stone, not LeConte.)
Moist woodlands ; rare.
Spinnerstown (L, May 26, 1929).

Viola palmata L.

Dry rich woods and banks; common throughout except on
Coastal Plain where it has not been reported.

Nockamixon (L) ; Narrowsville (L) ; Ringing Rocks, Bridge-
ton Township (F) ; Buckwampum Mountain (B) ; Revere (L) ;
Haycock Township (F) ; Quakertown (K) ; Spinnerstown (L) ;
Finland (F) ; Argus (Bn) (J) (F) ; Doylestown (Me).

Viola triloba Schwein.

(Includes V, palmata dilatata and V, palmata variabilis of

Fretz's Flora.)

Dry to moist rich woods chiefly in upper districts; locally

abundant.

Finland (F) ; Rockhill (M) ; Argus (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Aquetong (K) ; Bridge Valley (Dr) ; (Nockamixon).

By some writers V. palmata variabilis is considered a hybrid,
7. papilionacea X triloba, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, xxxix. 90 (1912).

Viola sororia Willd.

Dry to moist open woods, thickets, pastures and fields; fre-
quent in upper districts.

Ottsville (L) ; Quakertown (F) ; Rockhill (M) ; Perkasie (F) ;

Argus (F) ; Sellersville (F).

[Viola AngeUae Pollard.

(T. palmata x triloba Brainerd.)

Reported from Haycock and Ridge Valley in Fretz's Flora.
The material on which these records were based has been located
and all of it proves to be V. palmata.]

m

!f

224

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Viola liirsutula Brainerd. Southern Wood Violet.

(F. villosa Walt.)

Rich dry soil of open woods and thickets ; frequent in upper

districts.

Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant Valley (F) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Fin-
land (F) ; Argus (L) (St) ; Brownsburg (B).

Viola fimbriatnla Sm.

.Dry fields and woods; frequent to common.
Monroe (F) ; Durham (L) ; Buckwampum Mountain (F) ;
Sellersville (F) ; Bycot (Bn).

Viola sagittata Ait.

Similar situations; common.

Durham (R-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Rockhill Township (F) ; Sel-
lersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; a glabrous form, Yardley
(Me) ; Tullytown (M) (F) (C) ; Roelofs (L) ; a glabrous form,
Fallsington (L).

Viola emarginata (Nutt.) LeConte.

Fields, dry woods and hillsides ; occasional.
Milford Township (F) ; Perkasie (F) ; Sellersville
Blooming Glen (F) ; Tullytown (C).

(F);

Viola Brittoniana Pollard

Moist sandy soil of the Coastal Plain ; locally abundant.

Tullytown (F) (C) ; Bristol (D) ; Croydon (C) ; (Penn Val-
ley).

Viola lanceolata L. Lance-leaved Violet.

Low meadows, swamps and borders of ponds; occasional.

Gardenville (L) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Bycot (B) ; Tully-
town (M) (F) (C) ; Bristol (B) ; (Quakertown) ; (Doylestown).

Viola primulif olia L. Peimeose-leaved Violet.

Moist woods meadows and swamps; frequent on the Coastal
plain, occasional elsewhere.

Point Pleasant (F) ; Bycot (B) ; Yardley (L) ; Fallsington
(L) ; Roelofs (L) ; Tullytown (F) ; Bristol (F).

Violaceae

225

Viola paUens (Banks) Brainerd. Sweet White Violet.

(T. Uanda of Fretz's Flora.)

Rich soil in moist or wet woods, boggy meadows and • swamps ;

occasional.

Springfield Township (F) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Finland (F) ;

Rockhill Township (F) ; Morrisville (L).

Viola blanda Willd.

(7. LeConteana of Fretz's Flora.)

Woodlands of upper districts; occasional.

Kintnersville (F) ; Nockamixon (H) ; Point Pleasant (F) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Oxford Valley (L).

Viola rotundif oUa Michx. Early Yellow Violet. Eound-leaved Violet.

Damp woods and banks; rare.

Milford Township (F, May, 1881) ; Cuttalossa Valley, near

Lumber ville (L).

(Tuckertown. This record in Keller & Brown's Fl. of Phila.
and Vic, 228 (1905) is apparently an error. No such place is
known in Bucks County.)

[Viola odorata L.
Reported from the County as an escape from gardens. No

material found.]

Viola pubescens Ait. Downy Yellow Violet.

Dry to damp woodlands ; frequent except in lower end.

Pleasant Valley (B) ; Quakertown (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ;
Milford Square (L) ; Finland (F) ; RockhiU Township (F) ;
Carversville (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Warrington (L) ; Aque-
tong (K) ; Center Bridge (B).

Viola eriocarpa Schwein.

(F. scabriuscula, in part, of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Bui.
Torr. Bot. Club, xxxviii. 194 (1911).

Dry to damp woods and thickets; apparently not common.

Geryville (I) ; Milford Square (L) ; George School (B).

Viola eriocarpa Schwein., var. leiocarpa Fernald & Wiegand.

(y. scahriuscula, in part, of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora,
xxiii. 275 (1921).

i

226

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Similar situations ; this apparently is the common form in the
County.

Ottsville (L) ; Quakertown (L) ; Shelly (F) ; Milford Square
(F) ; Sellersville (F) ; PipersviUe (L) ; Point Pleasant (F) ;
Aquetong (L).

In this variety the capsule is glabrous while in the typical
species it is woolly.

Viola canadensis L. Canada Violet.

Kich gravelly or sandy woodland; very local but abundant
at the Nockamixon station.

Nockamixon (P) (C) (F) (Bn) ; Trap rock range, Quaker-
town (Ma, June, 1866).

Viola striata Ait. Ceeamy Violet.

Low shady places and alluvial banks; frequent except on
Coastal Plain.

Durham Furnace (L) ; Sundale (L) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ;
Bedminster Township (F) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Rushland (L).

Viola conspersa Eeichenb. Doo Violet.

(F. labradorica of Fretz's Flora.)

Low soil of pastures, meadows and borders of woods; com-
mon except on Coastal Plain where it is rare or absent.

Narrowsville (C) ; Pleasant Valley (Bn) ; Spinnerstown (B) ;
Rockhill (M) ; Argus (F) ; Sellersville (F); Erwinna (L) ;
PipersviUe (L) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Aque-
tong (L).

Viola rostrata Pursh. Long-spurred Violet.

Shaded hillsides and banks ; frequent in upper districts.

Finland (F) ; Argus (C) (K) (J); Rockhill Station (F) ;
PipersviUe (L) ; Point Pleasant (Me) ; Brownsburg (L) ; (New
Hope).

* Viola tricolor L. Heart 's-ease. Pansy.

A rare escape.

SeUersville (F, June, 1881) ; (Carversville).

Lythraceae

227

Viola Bafinesquii Greene. Wild Pansy.

Open woods and fields, mostly along the Delaware River;
locally abundant.

RiegelsviUe (Dr. Cally) ; Durham Furnace (L) ; Nockamixon
(Fo) ; Upper Black Eddy (T) ; Carversville (Gr) ; New Hope
(B) ; Brownsburg (B) ; Washington's Crossing (L) ; (Sellers-
viUe) ; (Yardley).

THYMELAEACEAE (mezereum family)

Dirca palustris L. Leatherwood.

Damp or rich woods; rare.

Rocky woods. Revere (L, July 6, 1909) (W, April 30, 1911) ;
Cuttaloosa VaUey (J. H. Butterfoss-R, 1887).

LYTHRACEAE (loosestrife family)

Botala ramosior (L.) Koehne.

Marshy field, Bristol (Dr, September 14, 1924).

Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell. Watee Willow.

Swampy ground and shaUow water; a plant chiefiy of the
Coastal Plain; rare.

A single plant in stone quarry, probably introduced, SeUers-
ville, (F, July, 1881) ; Penn VaUey (J) ; Oxford VaUey (L).

Lythmm Hyssopif olia L.

Wet or sterUe soil ; rare.

Plumstead Township (F, 1868 and August, 1870).

Lytlimin Salicaria L. Spiked Loosestrife.

Wet meadows, swamps and river banks; common along the
Delaware River, rare elsewhere.

Narrowsville (J) ; RockhiU (F) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Browns-
burg (B) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; MorrisviUe (B) ; Penns
Manor (F) ; Bristol (Dr) ; Andalusia (L).

Iiythnim alatam Pursh.

Damp soil, RockhiU Station (George Redles, 1931); damp
clayey meadow swale, Bristol (L, August 5, 1922).

hi

;.

228

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Onagraceae

229

i

Cuphea petiolata (L.) Koehne. Clammy Cuphea.

Dry fields, pastures and banks ; common.

Durham (R-R) ; Haycock Mountain (B) ; Quakertown (B) ;
Perkasie (Pr) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Chalfont (L) ;
Doylestown (F) ; Bristol (B).

MELASTOMACEAE (melastoma family)
Bhezia virginlca L. Meadow Beauty.

Wet sandy soil ; locally abundant on Coastal Plain, rare else-
where.

Yardley (Dr) ; Turkey Hill (B) ; Tullytown (C) ; Bristol
(M) (F) ; (Quakertown) ; a specimen in the George School Her-
barium labelled, *'4th and Mill Sts.'' by Frank Ball was probably
collected at Quakertown..

Bhexia mariana L.

Sandy swamps on Coastal Plain ; rare.

Tullytown (C) ; Bristol (C) (M) (F); (Penn Valley).

ONAGRACEAE (evening primrose family)

Ludyigia alternif oUa L. Seed Box.

Swamps and borders of ponds; frequent.
Monroe (Rr-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Rockhill (F) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Morrisville (Dr) ; Turkey Hill (B).

Ludvigia sphaerocarpa EU.

Swamp ground of the Coastal Plain; rare.
Swamp, northwest of Bristol (D).

Ludvigia palustris (L.) EU. Watee Pueslane.

(Isnardia palustris L.)

Ditches, wet shores and swamps; common.

Cauffman's Hill (Tr-P); Argus (B) ; LumberviUe (L) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Washington's Crossing
(Me) : Yardley (L) ; Bristol (L) ; Andalusia (L).

Epilobium angustif oUum L. Fibeweed. Great Willow Herb.

(Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.)

Dry woodlands and open places, especially recent clearings;
frequent.

f

Durham (R-R) ; Almont (F) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Telford (B) ;
Doylestown (Me); (Springfield); (Rockhill); (Grenoble),-
(Bristol).

Epilobium moUe Torr.

Boggy soil, Finland (L, September 6, 1923).

Epilobium densum Eaf .

(E. linear e of authors.)

Similar situations; more frequent.

Springfield (F) ; Finland (L) ; Morrisville (L).

Epilobium coloratum Muhl.

Low moist soil and wet cliffs; common.

Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Steins-
burg (Wi) ; Rockhill (F) ; Weisel (Sm) ; Hagersville (B) ; Tel-
ford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Yardley (L) ;
Morrisville (Dr) ; Bristol (Dr) ; Andalusia (L).

Epilobium glandulosum Lehm., var. adenocaulon (Haussk.) Fernald.
{E adenocaulon of authors.) Rhodora, xx, 34 (1918).
Low ground ; rare.
LumberviUe (Bn, July 4, 1899).

Oenotbera biennis L. Common Evening Peimeose.
{Onagra biennis (L.) Scop, of Fretz's Flora.)
Dry woods, fields and waste places ; common.
Sellersville (F) ; LumberviUe (L) ; Washington's Crossing

(Me).

This species is subject to extensive mutation and further study
may reveal several forms within the County.

Oenothera laciniata Hill.

Dry sandy soil ; rare.
Bristol (F, June 11, 1898).

Oenothera perennis L.

{Kneiffia pumila of Fretz's Flora and 0. pumila of Gray's
Manual, ed. 7.) Bui. Torr. Bot. Club, xlvi. 372 (1919) and
Rhodora, xxv. 47 (1923).

V

230

Tlfit Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Sterile soil in dry to damp open situations ; common.

Revere (L) ; Finland (Mu) ; Quakertown (Bn) (C) ; Smoke-
town (W) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; Woodboume (J) ; TuUytown (C) ; Emilie
(L); Croydon (Dr).

Oenothera hybrida Michx.

(0. fruiicosa, var. hirsuta of Gray's Manual, ed. 7. Kneiffia
fruticosa and K. fruticosa pilosella of Fretz's Flors.) Rhodora,
XX. 51 (1918).

Moist to somewhat dry open situations; common except in
lower districts where it is rare or unknown.

Monroe (R^R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Shelly (F) ;
RockhiU (W); Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Dublin (Dr) ;
Point Pleasant (L).

Oenothera fruticosa L. Common Sundbops.

(0. linearis and 0. longipedicellata of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.
Kneiffia longipedicellata of Fretz's Flora.) Rhodora, xx. 50
(1918).

Meadows, fields and open woods ; frequent.

Rockhill (W) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Tullytown
(F) (Bn).

^Oenothera speciosa Nutt. White Evening Primeose.

(Hartmannia speciosa of authors).

Clumps in dry grass field. Trumbauersville (F, June 21,
1902) (Mu, June 24, 1909).

Oanra biennis L.

Dry banks ; common along the Delaware River, rare elsewhere.

Monroe (R-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr~P) ; Spinnerstown
(Bl-G) ; Tohickon Creek, Bedminster Township (F) ; Lumber-
ville (F) ; Chalfont (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Yardley (Me) ;
Tullytown (B).

Circaea latifolia Hill. Enchanter's Nightshade.

(C. lutetiana of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xvii. 222
(1915) and xix. 87 (1917).

Araliaceae

231

I

^-

%

W4f

Moist or dry rich woods and thickets ; rare in lower end, com-
mon elsewhere.

Nockamixon (J); Sundale (L) ; Shelly (F) ; RockhiU (F) ;
Argus (B) ; Carversville (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy
(Me) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Woodboume (L).

HALORAGIDACEAE (water milfoil family)
Myriophyllnm verticillatam L.

A sheet from Bristol (D) found in the Porter Herbarium.

The collector states on the label, ' * Common in all our ditches,
but have never found it in flower or fruit, July 30, 1865.

This is the basis for Porter's record for Bucks County. The
condition of the material renders it difficult to determine. It
evidently is not M. heterophyllum, so for want of evidence to
the contrary. Porter's determination is accepted.

Myrlophyllmn heterophyllum Michx. Watee MiLroiL.

Ponds, ditches and slow streams ; rare.

Tohickon (Mo) ; Tullytown (B) ; (Applebachsville).

Proserpinaca palustris L. Meemaid Weed.

Shallow ditches and swamps; infrequent.

RockhiU (L) ; Argus (F) ; SeUersville (F) ; Bristol (Me).

proserpinaca pectinata Lam.

Sandy swamps of Coastal Plain ; rare.
Bristol, (Ma, 1865).

ARALIACEAE (ginseng family)
[Alalia spinosa L.
Keported from Anadlusia (Ma) but no specimens found.]

Alalia racemosa L. Spikenard.

Rich woods ; frequent except in lower districts.

Nockamixon (Ba) ; Rockhill (F) ; Ar^s (B) ; Lower Black
Eddy (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; New Hope (B).

Alalia nudicaulis L. Wild Saesapaeilla.
Dry woods and banks ; common.

^^

232

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Buckwampum Mountain (Me) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Quaker-
town (B); RockhiU (F); Trumbauersville (F) ; Doylestown
(Me) : Edison (Fo) ; Aquetong (K) ; TuUytown (M).

Panax quinequef olium L. Ginseng.

Rich woods; rare.

Upper Black Eddy (Bn) ; Aquetong (K) ; Lower Solebury
Township probably near New Hope (Wsr-G).

Panax trif olium L. Dwaef Ginseng.

Rich moist woods and thickets ; frequent.

Durham (R-R) ; Quakertown (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; New
Britain (B) ; Yardley (L) ; Fallsington (L) ; Penn Valley (C) ;
Bristol (F).

UMBELLIFERAE (parsley family)
[Erjrngium aquatlcum L.

{E. virginianum Lam.)

Reported from Bristol (Ma) but no material has been found.]
Sanlcula marilandlca L. Sanicle.

Rich woods and thickets; frequent.

Revere (L) ; Sundale (L) ; Richlandtown (L) ; Milford
Square (L) ; Spinnerstown (B) ; Rockhill (F) ; Rocky Ridge
(W) ; Argus (F) ; Pipersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me).

Sanlcula gregaria Bicknell.

Moist soil of woods and thickets; frequent except in lower
districts.

Nockamixon (B) ; Quakertown (F) ; Rockhill (M) ; Three Mile
Run (F) ; Point Pleasant (Bn) ; Aquetong (K) ; New Hope (L) •
Brownsburg (L) ; (Durham) ; (Deep Run) ; (Doylestown).

Sanlcula canadensis L.

Dry woods and thickets ; common.

Durham Township (F) ; Revere (L) ; Haycock Mountain
(Mc) ; Passer (Wi) ; Shelly (B) ; Rockhill (F) ; Argus (Sm) •
SellersviUe (F. L. Bassett) ; Three Mile Run (F) ; Buckingham'
(L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Yardley (Fo).

TJmbelliferae

233

Sanlcula trlf ollata Bicknell.

Rich woods and thickets; occasional.

Kintnersville (L) ; Nockamixon (F) ; NarroWsville (Bn) ;
Point Pleasant (F) ; Lumberville (Bn) ; Penns Park (L).

Hydrocotyle umbeUata L.

Swamps and low ground along streams ; infrequent.
Chalfont (L) ; Edison (F) ; Bridge Valley (Dr) ; Penn Val-
ley (B) ; Bristol (Ma) (F) ; (New Britain).

[Hydrocotyle Canbyl Coult. & Rose.

Reported from Edison near Doylestown by A. S. Martin.
Material proves to be H, umhellata.]

Hydrocotyle amerlcana L. Water Pennywort.

Wet, often partly shaded situations; frequent.
Monroe (Rr-R) ; Finland (B) ; Argus (B) ; SellersviUe (B) ;
Telford (B) ; Grenoble (L).

ChaerophyUum procumbens (L.) Crantz. Wild Chervil.

Thickets and banks in moist soil ; frequent.

Nockamixon (M) ; Almont (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Tullytown
(B) ; Neshaminy Falls (Fo) ; (Point Pleasant).

Osmorhlza Claytoni (Michx.) Clarke. Sweet Cicely.

( Washingtonia Claytoni of authors. )

Woods and shady banks; common except on Coastal Plain
where it is apparently absent.

Nockamixon (V & L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ;
Shelly (F) ; Milford Square (F) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Rockhill
(F) ; Lumberville (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Buckingham (L) ;
Woodbourne (Bn).

Osmorhlza longistylis (Terr.) DC.

{Washingtonia longistylis of authors.)

Similar situations but more likely to be in alluvial soil ; fre-
quent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Milford Square (L) ; Spinnerstown (B) ;
Harris Dam, near Telford (F) ; Fountainville (Gr) ; Lumber-
ville (L) ; Center Bridge (B) ; Woodbourne (J) (Bn) ; Morris-
ville (L).

234

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

*Coniiim maculatum L. Poison Hemlock.

A poisonous weed ; sparingly introduced.

Carversville (Mo) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; (Lumberville) ; (New
Hope).

Ptilimnium capiUaceum (Michx.) Baf .

Brackish marsh along Common Creek, TuUytown (B, August
30, 1929).

Cicata maculata L. Water Hemlock. Spotted Cowbane.

Marshes, wet meadows and swamps ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill (F) (M) ; SeUersville
(F. L. Bassett) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Bycot (J) ; Andalusia (L).

Cicuta bnlbif era L.

Swamps and wet soil; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Turkey Hill (B) ; Penn
VaUey (C) ; Tullytown (F) (C) ; Bristol (L) ; Andalusia (Me).

[Camiu Carvi L.

An introduced weed reported from Rockhill (Br) but no
specimen found.]

♦Slum suave Walt. Watee Parsnip.

{8, cicutaefolium of authors.) Rhodora, xvii. 131 (1915).
Swamps and muddy borders of ponds and streams ; frequent.
OttsviUe (B) ; Weisel (B) ; RockhiU (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ;
Tullytown (L) ; Andalusia (L).

*Siiim suave Walt., forma Carsoni (Durand) Fassett.

{S. Carsoni Durand.) Rhodora, xxiii. 113 (1921).
A weak aquatic form ; rare and local.
Rockhill Township (F) ; SeUersville (F).

Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. Honewort.

(Deringa canadensis of Fretz's Flora.)

Woods, thickets and banks ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Erwinna (Me) ; Ottsville (L) ; Springtown
(L) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Argus (B) ; SeUersville (F) ; Farm
School (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Buckingham
(L) : Pineville (Fo) ; Croydon (L) ; Hulmeville (B).

Umielliferae

235

,

Zizia aurea (L.) Koch. Golden Alexanders.

Damp fields, meadows and roadsides; frequent except on
Coastal Plain where it is rare.

Nockamixon (H) ; Ottsville (L) ; Milford Square (L) ; Rock-
hill (F) ; Almont (L) ; Argus (W) ; Telford (B) ; Point Pleas-
ant (L) ; Warrington (L) ; Rushland (V & L) ; Morrisville (L) ;
(SeUersville).

Zizia cordata (Walt.) DC.

Open woods, thickets and dry slopes ; frequent except in lower

districts.

Nockamixon (B) ; Ottsville (L) ; Richlandtown (Me) ; Argus
(L); SeUersville (F) ; Pipersville (L) ; Doylestown (Me);
Neshaminy (Mc) ; (RockhiU).

[Foeniculum vulgare Hill.

(F. Foeniculum of Fretz's Flora.)

Reported from the County but no herbarium material has

been found.]

♦PimpineUa Saxif raga L. Pimpernel.

A European introduction, Wyker's Island (R, August 25,
1896) ; Pennington Island, near Erwinna (B, Oct. 1, 1932).

Taenldia integerrima (L.) Drude.

Open woods, thickets and banks ; occasional.

Nockamixon (L) ; OttsviUe (B) ; Deep Run (F) ; PipersviUe
(L) ; LumberviUe (L) ; (SeUersvUle) ; (Neshaminy Creek).

*Bupleurum rotundif olium L. Thoeough-wax.
A rare European introduction.
RockhiU (F, July, 1880) ; (Bensalem).

*AetliU8a Cynapium L. Fool's Parsley.

Roadside bank, Telford (B, August 26, 1917).

The material forming the basis for the RockhiU (M) record
proves to be Cicuta maculata.

Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Britton. Meadow Parsnip.

(T. aureum, var. atropurpureum of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Rhodora, xx. 52 (1918).

236

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Woods, thickets and meadows ; frequent.

Roekhill (M) (F) ; Perkasie (F) ; Dublin (L) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Aquetong (K) ; Lumberville (L) ; Center Bridge (B).

Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Britton var. flavum Blake.

(T. aureum of authors.) Rhodora, xx. 52-53 (1918).
Similar situations as species ; not frequent.
Roekhill (M) ; Sellersville (F).

[Thaspium barblnode (Michx.) Nutt.

Reported from along the Delaware River in Bucks County,
but no herbarium material has been found from any station
within the County. Specimens are extant from Northampton,
Montgomery and Philadelphia Counties. This is one of the
things which should be looked for carefully by collectors.]

*Pastinaca sativa L. Parsnip.

Fields, roadsides and waste places; common.
Durham (R-R) ; Rich Hill (B) ; Point Pleasant (L).

Heracleuin lanatum Michx. Cow Parsnip.

Low moist alluvial soil and roadsides ; infrequent.

Riegelsville (R-R); Morrisville (L) ; Newportville (F) ;
Neshaminy Falls (M) ; (Quakertown) ; (Doylestown) ; (Anda-
lusia).

Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Eaf .

Swampy places in lower districts ; occasional.
Yardley (Me); Fallsington (L) ; Tullytown (F) ; (Penn
Valley).

Angelica viUosa (Walt.) BSP.

Dry open woods ; occasional.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Roekhill (F) ; Almont (F) ;
Doylestown (Me); Solebury Township (Ws-G).

♦Daucus Carota L. Carrot.

Fields, meadows and waste places ; common.
Haycock Mountain (Mc) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; Bristol (L).

Cornaceae

237

CORNACEAE (dogwood family)
Comus florlda L. Flowering Dogwood.

Sandy or rocky woods ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Haycock Mountain (B) ; Pleasant Valley
(B) ; Argus (J) ; Finland (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Lumberville
(L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (L) ; Brownsburg (B) ;
Richboro (L) ; Oxford Valley (B).

Comus mgosa Lam. Bound-leaved Cornel.

(C. circinata of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xii. 122

(1910).

Rocky open woods, thickets and banks ; occasional.

Nockamixon (Le) ; Haycock Mountain (L) ; Roekhill (F) ;
Brownsburg (L).

Comus Amomum Mill. Silky Cornel. Kinnikinnik.

Moist or wet soil ; frequent.

Wyker's Island (Rr-R) ; Roekhill (F) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Grenoble (L) ; Browns-
burg (L) ; Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (Fo-P) ; Slickville (L) ;
Bristol (Dr).

Comus candidissima Mill.

(C. paniculata of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xxxiii. 71

(1931).

Thickets, hillsides and fence rows in dry to damp soil; fre-
quent.

Nockamixon (Fo) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Roekhill (M) ; Sellers-
ville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Lahaska (L) ; (Haycock Mt.) ; (New Hope).

Comus altemif oUa L. f .
Moist, well-drained soil along streams and borders of woods ;

frequent.

Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Roekhill (F).

Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Sour Gum.

Low moist situations and on dry slopes ; frequent.

Kintnersville (Rr-R) ; Spinnerstown (Bo) ; Roekhill (F) (M) ;
Sellersville (F) ; Yardley (L) ; Tullytown (M).

238

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Ericaceae

239

ERICACEAE (heath family)
Clethra alnif olia L. Sweet Pepperbush.

Wet soil ; common on the Coastal Plain, rare elsewhere.

Buckingham (L) ; Fallsington (L) ; TuUytown (M) ; Bristol
(C) ; Oxford Valley (B) ; Croydon (L) ; Andalusia (L) ; (Penn
VaUey).

Chlmaphila umbeUata (L.) Bart., var. cisatlantica Blake. Pipsissewa.

(C. umhellata of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xix. 241
(1917).

Light soil in dry woods ; not rare.

Revere (W) ; Haycock Mountain (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Doyles-
town (Me).

Our eastern North American material is included under this
variety. The species itself is restricted to Eurasia.

Ohimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh. Spotted Winteegeeen.

Similar situations as preceding ; common.

Revere (W) ; Haycock Mountain (B) ; Springtown (L) ;
Shelly (B) ; Finland (L) ; RockhiU (F) ; Dublin (L) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Bycot (K) ; Aquetong (L) ; Cen-
ter Bridge (L) ; Edgely (B).

Pyrola chlorantha Swartz, var. convoluta (Barton) Fernald.

Rhodora, xxii. 51 (1920).

Dry woods; rare.

Ottsville (L) ; (Point Pleasant).

The typical form of this species is considered by Fernald to
be a northern plant which is not found south of New York. The
variety is characterized by its larger flowers, the calyx being
4.8-6 mm. wide, whereas in the typical species it is only 3-4 mm.
broad.

Pyrola elllptica Nutt. Shin Leai*.

Rich moist or dry woods; rare on Coastal Plain; frequent
elsewhere.

Upper Black Eddy (Bn) ; Ottsville (L) ; Revere (W) ; Buck-
wampum Mountain (L) ; Springfield Township (F) ; Rocky
Ridge (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Center Bridge (L).

Pyrola rotnndifoUa L., var. amerlcana Fernald. Wintergreen.

(P. americana of Gray's Manual, ed. 7. P. rotundifolia of
Fretz's Flora.) Rhodora, xxii. 122 (1920).

Dry woods ; frequent.

Durham Furnace (R-R) ; Bridgeton Township (L) ; Buck-
wampum Mountain (L) ; Revere (L) ; Springfield Township
(F) ; Rocky Ridge (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ;
Bycot (K) ; Center Bridge (L) ; Yardley (L) ; Tullytown (C).

Monotropa nniflora L. Indian Pipe. Corpse Plant.

Saprophytic on humus in dry or moist woods ; frequent.

Upper Black Eddy (Bn) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Hay-
cock Mountain (B) ; Rocky Ridge (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Dublin
(B) ; Bycot (K) ; Buckmanville (L) ; Brownsburg (B) ; Yardley
(Dr); Fallsington (L).

Monotropa Hypopitys L. Pinesap.

{Hypopitys Hypopitys of Fretz's Flora.)

Saprophytic on humus in dry, mostly oak, woods ; rare.

Monroe (R-R, July 1, 1883) ; Rockhill (F, September, 1880).

This species and the next are separable with diflSculty and are
perhaps not specifically distinct.

Monotropa lanuginosa Michx.

Similar situation as preceding ; rare.

Bycot (K) ; Buckmanville (L) ; Feasterville (B).

Rhododendron viscosum (L.) Torr. Clammy Azalea.

(Azalea viscosa L.)

Swampy ground ; frequent on Coastal Plain, rare elsewhere.

Buckingham (L) ; Roelofs (L) ; Yardley (L) ; Penn Valley
(C) ; Oxford Valley (L) ; Bristol (F) ; one white flowered speci-
men and one pink flowered, Andalusia (L).

Rhododendron viscosum (L.) Torr., var. glaucmn (Michx.) Gray.

Similar situations ; rare.

Tullytown (C, June 15, 1896 and August 16, 1896).

*

Rhododendron nndiflonim (L.) Torr. Pinxtee Flowisr.

Dry sandy or gravelly open woods and thickets, also borders
of swamps ; frequent.

240

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Ericaceae

241

i

Monroe (R-R) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill (M) ; Almont (L) ;
Dublin (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Yardley (L) ;
Roelofs (L); Bristol (St).

Bhododendron nudiflorum (L.) Torr., var. glandif enim Eehder.

Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, xxvii. 508 (1900) and Redher, Monog.
Azalea 138 (1921).

Similar situations, rare.

Rockhill (F) (M) ; Rushland (L) (V & L).

Distinguished by its glandular corolla tube and calyx.

Rhododendron maximum L. Great Laurel.

Damp rocky and gravelly situations in woods, on banks and
along streams ; locally abundant along the Delaware River ; rare

elsewhere.

Narrowsville (B) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Lumberville (L) ;
Buckingham (L) ; Morrisville (Pe) ; (Center Bridge) ; (New
Hope).
Kalmia latif oUa L. Mountain Laurel. Calico Bush.

Woods and low thickets, preferring rocky or sandy soil ; scarce.

Monroe (R-R) ; Brwinna (L) ; Tohickon Park (F) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Lahaska (L) ; Buckingham Valley (B).

Kalmia angustif oUa L. Sheep Laurel. Lambkill.

Swamps, open sandy soil and hillsides ; rare.

Buckwampum Mountain (B) ; TuUytown (C) (M) ; Bristol
(F) (B).
Leucothoe racemosa (L.) Gray.

Swamps, moist thickets and banks ; common on Coastal Plain,
rare elsewhere.

Naceville (L) (F) ; Glen Lake (Bn) ; Yardley (L) ; Fallsing-
ton (L) ; Oxford Valley (L) ; Tullytown (C) ; Emilie (L) ;
Bristol (B) ; Andalusia (L).

Lyonia marlana (L.) D. Don. Stagger-bush.

(Pieris mariana of Fretz's Flora.)
Moist sandy soil ; occasional in lower end.
Yardley (L) ; Roelofs (L) ; Bristol (L) ; (Buckingham Val-
ley).

Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC. Privet Anbromeda.

{Xolisma ligustrina of Fretz's Flora.)

Swampy to rather dry sandy or rocky soil ; frequent.

Pleasant Valley (B) ; Finland (B) ; Rockhill (K) (F) ; Point

Pleasant (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Buckingham (L) ; Yardley

(Dr) (L) ; Oxford Valley (L) ; Bristol (L).

Epigaea repens L. Trailing Arbutus. Mayflower.

Damp to rather dry sandy or rocky woods; formerly locally
abundant but becoming scarce.

Durham (L) ; Buckawmpum Mountain (B) ; Springtown (B) ;
Aquetong (L) ; Buckingham Mountain (Me) ; Brownsburg (L) ;
Center Bridge (L).
Gaultheria procumbens L. Teaberry. Checkerberry.

Dry to moist woods and clearings ; common.

Kintnersville (Rr-R) ; Keelersville (Pr) ; Bedminster (F) ;
Chalfont (L) ; Pipersville (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Yardley (L).

[Arctostapliylos Uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Bearberry.

We have an old Bristol record but no material to cover the
record. If any material from this station could be found, it
would come in the range of A. Uva-ursi, var. coactUis Femald &
McBride, Rhodora, xvi, 212 (1914). The typical form of the
species is a plant of the far North, while this form occurs from
Canada south to Virginia, and is characterized by its canescent-
tomentose branches.]

Oaylussacia frondosa (L.) T. & G.

Moist woods and thickets ; rather scattered and local.

Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Glen Lake (F) (Bn) ; Turkey
Hill (Bn) ; Penn Valley (Bn) ; Emilie (L) ; Andalusia (L).

Gaylussacia baccata (Wang.) K. Koch. Black Huckleberry.

(G. resinosa of authors.)

Dry open sandy or gravelly woods and thickets ; common.

Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Pleasant Valley (Bn) ; Finland
(L) ; Rockhill (M) (F) ; Almont (F) ; Dublin (L) ; Point Pleas-
ant (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Center Bridge (B) ; Yardley (L) ;
Roelofs (L) ; Turkey Hill (L) ; Tullytown (St).

242

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Primulaceae

243

Vacclnium stamineum L. Deerberry. Squaw Huckleberry.

(Polycodium stamineum and Polycodium candicans of Fretz 's
Flora.)

Dry sandy or rocky woods, thickets and open places ; frequent.

Bnckwampum Mountain (Me) ; Haycock Mountain (B) ; Pleas-
ant Valley (Bn) ; RockhiU (W) (F) ; Dublin (L) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Furlong (L) ; Aquetong (K) ; Lahaska (L) ; Glen Lake
(F) (Bn) ; Turkey Hill (L) ; Bristol (C) (Dr).

The Glen Lake specimen is the basis for Fretz 's record of
Polycodium candicans,

Vacclnium pennsylvanicum Lam. Low Sweet Blueberry.
Dry sandy or gravelly open woods ; rare.
Lahaska (L) ; Bristol (F) ; (Penn Valley).

Vacclnium vaciUans Kalm. Late Low Blueberry.

Dry woods and open situations; frequent.

Durham (L) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Finland (L) ;
Rockhill (F); Dublin (L) ; Doylestown (C. G. Armstrong);
Brownsburg (L) ; Rushland (L).

Vacclnium corymbosum L. High Blueberry.

Wet situations in woods and open places ; frequent.

Buckwampum Mountain (E^-R) ; Springtown (L) ; Rockhill
(M) (F) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Lower Solebury (E. Newlin Wil-
liams) ; Roelofs (L) ; Yardley (L) ; Penn Valley (C) ; Emilie
(B) ; Andalusia (L).

Vacclnium atrococcum (Gray) Heller.

Low woods, swamps and thickets ; occasional.

Nockamixon (We) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Richlandtown (L) ;
Spinnerstown (L) ; Lower Solebury (E. Newlin Williams) ;
Morrisville (L) ; TuUytown (St) ; Bristol (B).

Vacclnium macrocarpon Ait. Cranberry.

(Oxy coccus macrocarpon of authors.)

Wet places; rare. Boggy meadows, Pleasant Valley (B) ; wet
soil in gravel pits, Bristol (L).

^C'' ^

vW*

PRIMULACEAE (primrose family)
Hottonia Inllata Ell. FEATHERroiL.

Shallow stagnant water ; rare.

Shaded pond-hole, one and one-fourth miles east of Oxford
Valley (L, July 1,1931).

This is a plant having a widely scattered but little understood
distribution. There are several stations for it in New Jersey
but this is the only known station for it in Pennsylvania.

Samolns florlbundus HBK. Water Pimpernel.

Wet soil along streams ; occasional.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Beaver Creek (B) ; Revere (L) ;
Finland (B) ; Argus (F) ; Andalusia (L) ; (Ringing Rocks,
Bridgeton Township) ; (Upper Black Eddy) ; (Quakertown).

^LyslmacMa punctata L.

Rare; along roadside. Rich Hill (B, July 2, 1915).

Lyslmaclila qnadrlf oUa L. Loosestrife.

Thickets, wooded slopes and banks ; common.

Kintnersville (Dr) ; Rockhill (M) ; Sellersville (F) ; Curley
Hill (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Buckingham
(L); Oxford Valley (L).

LyslmacMa producta (Gray) Fernald.

Moist open soil or thickets ; rare.

Rockhill Station (F, July 20, 1882.)

Sometimes this plant is regarded as a fertile hybrid between
L, quadrifolia and L. terrestris,

Lyslmachla terrestris (L.) BSP.

Swamps, wet thickets and sandy shores ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Rockhill (F) ;
Argus (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Bristol (Dr) ; Croydon (Dr).

*Lyslmaclila Nummularia L. Moneywort.
Moist places in woods, thickets, meadows and banks ; becoming

frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Point Pleasant
(L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Oxford Valley (L).

244

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Steironema ciliatum (L.) Eaf. Fringed Loosesteite.

Low thickets and borders of swamps; frequent except on
Coastal Plain where it is rare.

Monroe (Kn-R) ; Shelly (B) ; Rockhill (M) ; Argus (B) ; Sellers-
ville (F) ; Ottsville (L) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Washington's Crossing (Dr) ; Newportville (L) ; Andalusia (L).

Steironema lanceolatum (Walt.) Gray.

Similar habitats as preceding ; frequent including the Coastal
Plain.

Quakertown (F) ; Rockhill (L) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Morris-
ville (B) ; Penn Valley (C) ; TuUytown (M) ; Bristol (C).

Trientalis boreaUs Eaf. Stae Flower.

(T. americana of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Rhodora, xi. 236 (1909).

Damp humus in woods and thickets ; rare.

Noekamixon (C) ; Buckwampum Mountain (R-R) ; Argus
(B) ; Penn Valley (C) ; (Forks of Neshaminy).

'CAnagaUis arvensis L. Poor Man 's Weatheeglass. Scarlet Pimpernel.

Frequent in cultivated ground ; an adventive which is scarcely
persistent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Passer (B) ; Steinsburg (Wi) ; Perkasie (F) ;
Telford (Sm) ; Chalfont (L) ; Lumberville (L) ; Doylestown
(F) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Ivyland (Fi) ; Brownsburg (B) ;
Roelofs (L).

EBENACEAE (ebony family)
Diospyros virginiana L. Persimmon.

Fields and woods; becoming scarce.

Wyker's Island (R^R) ; Pleasant Valley (Bn) ; Rockhill (F) ;
Argus (F).

OLEACEAE (olive family)
Fraxinus americana L. White Ash.

Rich upland woods and fence rows; common except in lower
end.

Narrowsville (L) (M) ; Sundale (L) ; Haycock Mountain
(B) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Argus (Br-P) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point

4W >

vv-.^

4 v<*

Gentianaceae

245

Pleasant (L) ; Buckmanville (L) ; Richboro (L) ; Woodbourne
(L) ; Newportville (L).

Fraxinns biltmoreana Beadle.

Rich woods; rare and local.

Milford Square (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Woodbourne (Bn).

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Michx. Bed Ash.

Rich alluvial soils and sometimes on upland slopes ; frequent.

Narrowsville (Bn) ; Ottsville (L) ; Argus (K) ; Sellersville
(F) , Pipersville (F) ; New Hope (Sg) ; Woodbourne (Bn).

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh., var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg.
Waste ground, Telford (B, May 18, 1914).
Perhaps introduced at this station.

Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash.

Swamp ground and borders of streams; locally abundant.
Beaver Creek (B) ; Ottsville (L) ; Buckwampum Mountain
(L) ; Milford Square (L) ; Rockhill (V) ; Aquetong (L) ; Yard-
ley (L) ; Bensalem Township, If miles southwest of Hulmeville
(B); (Sellersville).

*Syringa vulgaris L. Lilac.

Rarely spreading from cultivation.

Ottsville (L) ; Finland (L) ; Carversville (F).

♦Forsythia viridissima Lindl.

An escape, Croydon (K, May 23, 1897).

*Ligustrum vulgare L. Peivet.

Escaped from cultivation ; infrequent.

Doylestown (Me) ; New Britain Township (Gr) ; Penns Park
(L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Hulmeville (B).

GENTIANACEAE (gentian family)

Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh.

Rich open soil or thickets ; occasional.

Durham (R-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; SeUersviUe (F) ;
Newtown (Va-G) ; Yardley (Dr) ; Fallsington (L) ; Bristol (C).

246

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Sabatia stellaris Pursh.

On the Coastal Plain ; rare.
Tullytown (Bn, August 9, 1904).

Sabatia gracilis (Michx.) Salisb.

(8 campanulata of authors.)

Rhodora, xviii. 145 (1916).

Open moist soil on the Coastal Plain ; locally abundant.

Penn VaUey (J) ; TuUytown (C) (Le) (Bn) (M) ; Bristol
(D).

Gentiana crinlta Froel. Fringed Gentian.

Low ground in open woods, pastures and meadows; locally
abundant in upper districts, rare or wanting elsewhere.

Revere (Lewis Sigafoos-R) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Finland (L) ;
Ridge Valley (B) ; Rockhill (C) (F) (K) ; Doylestown (Agnes
Woodman-G) ; Buckingham Township (Me) ; Newtown (Ma-C,
1865).

Qentiana quinquef olia L.

Dry or moist slopes ; rare.
Riegelsville (R) ; Monroe (R).

Oentiana Saponaria L. Soapwort Gentian.

Moist or wet soil in lower end ; locally abundant.

Roelofs (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Fallsington (L) ; Bristol (B).

A southern species chiefly of the Coastal Plain.

Gentiana claosa Baf .

(Rhodora, xix, 147 (1917).

Moist ground; rare.

Nockamixon (C, September 3, 1896).

In this species the corolla is closed and the calyx lobes are
herbaceous and spreading. G, Saponaria has the calyx lobes
firm, narrow and ascending and the corolla distinctly open.

Gentiana Andrewsii Griseb. Closed Gentian.

Damp thickets and low mostly sandy or gravelly open soil;

frequent.

Ringing Rocks, Bridgetown Township (Pr) ; Revere (L) ;
Quakertown (Pr) (B) ; Steinsburg (Wi) ; Rockhill (K) (C) ;

Oentianaceae

247

Argus (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Yardley (Me) ;
Tullytown (J).

Gentiana flavida Gray.

Moist soil ; very rare.

Durham (R^R), September 14, 1888).

On April 16, 1899, Dr. Thomas C. Porter wrote to Dr. C. D.
Fretz to inform him that he had received a specimen of this plant
from Mr. H. F. Ruth. He said, in part, **It is a great surprise
to me, and is, no doubt, a recent immigrant from the Southwest,
like Dr. Best's Pinus pungens Mx. in Hunterdon Co., N. J.''

[Gentiana villosa L.

Reported from Buckingham Valley. This record is probably
erroneously based on a specimen from Bucks Valley, Fulton
Co. Pa.]

Bartonia virginica (L.) BSP.

Moist sandy soil of woods; occasional on Coastal Plain; rare

elsewhere.

Ringing Rocks, below Nockamixon (R) ; Roelofs (L) ; Lang-
horne (B) ; Tullytown (F) ; Bristol (F) (B).

Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Eobinson.

Moist sandy soil, of Coastal Plain ; rare and local.
Roelofs (L) ; Langhorne (B) ; Bristol (B).

Obolaria virginica L. Pennywort.

Rich woods and thickets of the Piedmont Plateau ; rare and

local.

Durham (R-R) ; Geryville (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Milford

Square (L) ; Finland (L) ; Argus (Bn) ; Doylestown (Me) ;

Jericho HHl (L).

Menyanthes trif oliata L. Buckbeam.

Boggy meadow near RockhiU Station (C) (F) (Bn).
Nymphoides lacunosum (Vent.) Fernald. Floating Heart.

(Limnanthemum lacunosum of Fretz 's Flora.)

Ponds and streams ; rare.

Bristol (Ma, 1865) (Bo, July 11, 1871).

*^t]

248

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

APOCYNACEAE (dogbane family)
*Viiica minor L. Periwinkle.

Escaped from gardens; occasional.

Durham (E^R) ; Hartsville (L) ; Bristol (F) ; (New Hope).

Apocynun androsaemif olium L. Spreading Dogbane.

Dry fields, thickets and clearings ; common.

Revere (Bn) ; Shelly (B) ; Perkasie (B) ; SellersviUe (F) ;
Telford (Sm) ; Deep Run (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Neshaminy
(Mc) ; Bristol (Dr).

Apocynun medium Greene.

Fields, slopes, thickets and open woods ; infrequent.

Rocky Ridge (F) ; East Rockhill Township (F) ; Ridge Valley
(F) ; SellersviUe (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Glen Lake (Ba) (F).

A variable species which includes such forms as A, Milleri
Britton and A, urceolifer Miller. These, however, do not dis-
play constant characters and are not recognized in this treatment
as being distinct.

Apocynum cannabinum L. Indian Hemp.

Fields, thickets and sandy or gravelly places near streams;
common.

Revere (L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Finland (L) ; Perkasie (B) ; Sel-
lersviUe (F) ; Bristol (B) ; Andalusia (Bn).

The var. puhescens is to be looked for especially on the Coastal
Plain. So far it has not been found within the County.

Apocynum cannabinum L., var. bypericifolium (Ait.) Gray.

•(A hypericif olium of Fretz's Flora). (A. siliricum Jacq.)
{A. album Greene).
Dry soil; rare. SellersviUe (F, July, 1880).

ASCLEPIADACEAE (milkweed family)
Asclepias tuberosa L. Butterfly Weed. Pleurisy -root.

Dry fields, roadsides and banks ; frequent.

Revere (W) ; Ottsville (B) ; Hagersville (F) ; Almont (F) ;
SeUersville (F) ; Deep Run (F) ; SoUiday's Island (F) ; Doyles-
town (Me); (Buckingham).

^

^W^

^4^^

Asclepiadaceae 249

Asclepias rubra L.

Wet soil; rare. Bristol (F, July 24, 1902).

Asclepias purpurascens L. Purple Milkweed.

Dry fields and roadsides; apparently rare on Coastal Plain,
common elsewhere.

Revere (L) ; Applebachsville (L) ; Rockhill Township (W) ;
(F); SellersviUe (F) ; Doylestown (Me); Neshaminy (Mc) ;
Bycot (K) ; Buckmanville (L) ; Edgely (B).

Asclepias incamata L. Swamp Milkweed.

Swamps and wet shores; frequent except in lower end.

Monroe (R-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; RockhiU (B) ;
SellersviUe (F) ; Doylestown (Be) ; Neshaminy (Me) ; Grenoble
(L) ; Brownsburg (B).

Asclepias incamata L., var. pulchra (Ehrh.) Pers.

Swamps and moist fields of the Coastal Plain; locally
abundant.

MorrisviUe (L) ; Penn VaUey (C) ; TuUytown (Dr) ; EmiUe
(Dr) ; Bristol (L) ; Andalusia (L).

Asclepias syriaca L. Common Milkweed.

Fields, roadsides and waste places; common.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Richlandtown (L) ; SeUersville (F) ; Argus
(Bn) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Buckmanville (L) ;
Edgely (B).

Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm.

Dry sandy soil ; rare.

Penn Valley (C, July 19, 1908) ; (Quakertown) ; (TuUytown) ;

(Bristol).

Asclepias pbytolaccoides Pursh. Poke Milkweed.

(A. exaltata of Fretz's Flora.)

Thickets and woods ; rare.

Monroe (R-R) ; New Britain (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; (Kint-
nersville ) ; (Springfield) ; (SeUersville) ; (Bycot) ; (New Hope).

Asclepias variegata L.
A southern species of dry woods and thickets ; rare.
Bycot (J, June 16, 1895) ; (Solebury).

^*vi

I

250

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Asclepias qnadrif olia Jacq.

Moist to dry soil of open woods and thickets ; apparently ab-
sent on Coastal Plain, common elsewhere.

Revere (L) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Ottsville (L) ; Haycock Moun-
tain (B) ; Richlandtown (L) ; Milford Square (B) ; Finland
(L) ; RockhiU (M) (Br) ; Rocky Ridge (W) ; Argus (L) ; Sel-
lersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Aquetong (L).

Asclepias verticniata L. Whoeled Milkweed.

Dry soil; rare.

Kintnersville (F, September, 1883).

Acerates viridiflora EU. Geeen Mh^weed.

Dry open soil; infrequent. Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ;
Revere (L) ; Sellersville (F).

[Acerates viridiflora EU., var. lanceolata (Ives) Gray.
(A. viridiflora, var Ivesii of Fretz's Flora.)
Reported from Sellersville. Material proves to be the typical

species.]

CONVOLVULACEAE (morning glory family)

^Ipomoea QuamocUt L. Cypress Vine.

An adventure from tropical America ; rarely persisting.
Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B).

*Ipoinoea cocclnea L.
A native of the southwest adventive in fields and waste

ground ; rare.

Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B).

♦Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. Ivy-leaved Moening Glory.

Fields and waste places; rarely introduced from tropical

America.

SeUersviUe (F) ; Bristol (B).

♦Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Both. Common Morning Glory.

Waste places and dumps ; introduced from tropical America ;
persisting for a time.

Yardley (Me) ; Bristol (Dr).

Convolvulaceae

251

►

Ipomoea pandurata (L.) Meyer. Wild Potato Vine. Man op-the-Earth.

Dry fields, banks and roadsides; infrequent.
Monroe (Er-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Buck-
ingham (L) ; Bristol (Dr).

Convolvulus splthamaeus L.

Dry sandy or rocky fields and banks; occasional.

Quakertown (Bn) ; RockhiU (C) ; Sellersville (F) ; Ottsville
(L) ; Langhorne (Bn) ; (Pipersville) ; (Pineville) ; (Glen Lake).

^Convolvulus japonlcus Thunb.

Dry roadsides and waste places ; locally established.

Springfield Township (F) ; Rich Hill (Bl-G) ; Sellersville
(F).
Convolvulus seplum L. Hedge Bindweed.

Gravelly fields, thickets, waste places and banks ; frequent.

SeUersviUe (F) ; Telford (B) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Bycot
(Br-P) ; Washington's Crossing (Dr) ; Yardley (Me) ; Bristol

(L).

♦Convolvulus arvensls L. Field Bindweed.

Naturalized in fields and waste places ; locally common.
RockhiU (F) ; Doylestown (Me). •

[Cuscuta EpUinum Weihe.

Reported from Plumstead but no material found. It is a
native of Europe and is a parasite on cultivated flax.]

*Cuscuta pentagona Engelm.

(C arvensis of Gray's Manual, ed. 7. (Univ. of Bl. Biol.
Monog. vi. nos. 3-3, p. 50 (1921).

Parasitic on various low plants ; rare.

Pleasant VaUey (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Bristol (Dr) ; Edding-
ton (B) ; (Kintnersville).

Cuscuta Gronovii Willd. Common Doddee.

Parasitic on herbs and low shrubs in moist shady places; the
commonest of our local dodders.

SeUersviUe (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Brownsburg (L) ;
Grenoble (L) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Yardley (Me) ;

S',

A #

252

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Morrisville (B) ; Emilie B) ; Andalusia (L).

A polymorphic species which upon further study may yield
several recognizable varieties.

Cuscuta compacta Juss.

On shrubs in damp thickets, infrequent.
Monroe (R^R) ; Fallsington (L) ; Oxford Valley (B) ; Croy-
don (B) ; Andalusia (L) ; (Nockamixon).

POLEMONIACEAE (phlox family)
Phlox panlculata L. Garden Phlox.

Woods and thickets ; rare, probably an escape with us.
. Buckingham (L, July 23, 1917) ; (Plumstead).

Phlox macolata L. Wild Sweet William.

Moist woods and along streams ; frequent.

Durham (R-R) ; Shelly (B) ; Quakertown (B) ; Finland (L) ;
Spinnerstown L) ; Rockhill (M) (F) ; Sellersville (Henry
Lang) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Bycot (J).

Phlox pilosa L. Downy Phlox.

Dry or sandy woods, meadows and slopes; frequent.

Nockamixon (C) (H) (M) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Thatcher
(E-P) ; Richlandtown (Me) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ;
Ottsville (L) ; Bedminster (B) ; (Hilltown).

Phlox subulata L. Moss Pink.

Dry rocky or sandy places, sometimes on cliff crests; locally
abundant.

Monroe (R-R) ; Nockamixon (M) (Bn) ; Erwinna (L) ; Otts-
ville (L) ; Rock Hill (H-G) ; Point Pleasant (Me) ; Carvers-
ville (Gr) ; Doylestown (W) ; Buckingham (Va-G) ; (Bedmin-
ster); (Neshaminy).

Polemonlum reptans L. Greek Valerian.

Alluvial woods ; known at a few places in the Neshimany drain-
age.

Edison (F, June 4, 1904) ; Lahaska (Va-O) ; Janney (L,
April 27, 1929).

^<4U

— •

J

^*

fc^ ^

\*.

^^^4*

/v

^4

'i^^

^)

■r

Boraginaceae

253

HYDROPHYLLACEAE (waterleaf family)
HydrophyUum virginianum L. Waterleaf.

Eich soil of woods and thickets; frequent in upper districts.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Nockamixon (Rr-R) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Pleas-
ant Valley (B) ; Milford Square (Pr) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point
Pleasant (Me) ; New Hope (Sg) ; Brownsburg (L).

HydrophyUnm canadense L.

In soil rich in humus in rather deep cool shade; rare.
Durham (B. Frank Fackenthall) ; Nockamixon (B. Frank
Fackenthall) (P) (H) ; Kintnersville (V) (L).

Elllsia Nyctelea L.

Damp shady places along the Delaware River ; rare.
Brownsburg (L) (Wi) ; Morrisville (A. C. Apgar).

^Phacelia hirsuta Nutt.

(P. duhia of Fretz's Flora.)

Along railroad, Telford (F, May 10, 1901 and June 14, 1901).

BORAGINACEAE (borage family)

[Hellotropium curassavicum L.

Reported from the County by Porter. No material seen. It
is usually found as a ballast weed.]

[Heliotropium indicum L.

Another ballast weed reported from the County by Porter but
no material was found.]

♦Cynoglossum officinale L. Hound 's Tongue.

Naturalized as a weed in pasture lands, thickets, fields and
waste places; occasional.

Monroe (R^R) ; Quakertown (K) ; RockhiU (F) (M) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Center Bridge (Fi) ; (New Hope).

Cynoglossum virginianum L. Wild Comfrey.

Open woods and thickets; apparently only on Piedmont
Plateau where it is frequent.

Haycock Mountain (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Rocky Ridge (F) ;
Argus (L) ; Bedminster (Kr) ; Center Bridge (Fi) ; Browns-
burg (L) ; George School (Bn) ; Buckmanville (L).

■J»H,

•^1

254

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

hahiatae

255

Hackelia virginlana (L.) Johnston. Stickseed.

(Lappula virginiana of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Cont. Gray
Herb. N. S. Ixviii, 43 (1923).

Kich soil in woods and thickets; frequent except on Coastal
Plain.

Monroe (Er-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Rockhill (F) ;
Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Penns
Park (L) ; Hulmeville (B) ; (Neshaminy).

♦Sympliytmn officinale L. Common Comfrey.

A rare escape from gardens.

Upper Black Eddy (E, Sept. 14, 1913) ; (Sellersville ).

[Myosotis scirpioides L.

(M. palustris of authors.)

Reported from Tullytown (J) but no material found to cover
the record.]

Myosotis laxa Lehm. Fobget-me-not.

Wet meadows; marshes, ditches and muddy shores; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Pleasant Valley
(B) ; Shelly (B) ; Milford Square (B) ; Rockhill (M) ; Sellers-
ville (P); Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me); Edison (L) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; Aquetong (K) ; Tullytown (M) ; Andalusia
(L).

Myosotis virginica (L.) BSP. Scorpion Grass.

Dry hills, banks and open woods ; frequent.
Perkasie (M) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Aquetong
(Wi) ; Roelofs (L) ; Penn Valley (C).

Mertensia virginica (L.) Link. Virginia Cowslip.

Rich alluvial soil ; rare but locally abundant.
Quakertown (L) ; George School (C. Buckman-6) ; Rushland
(V & L) ; Neshaminy Falls (Fo) ; Janney (L) ; (Yardley).

♦Lithospermum arvense L. Corn Gromwell.

An introduced weed of roadsides and fields ; frequent.
Sellersville (F) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pipersville (L) ; Doylestown
(Me).

i/J

[Onosmodinm virginiamim (L.) A. DC.

Reported from Point Pleasant but no material has been
found.]

*£chium viilgare L.

Fields, waste places and railroad banks ; becoming frequent.
Monroe (R^R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Ferndale (B) ;
Sundale (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (Bn).

VERBENACEAE (vervain family)
Verbena nrticaef olia L. White Vervain.

Rather dry soil of waste places, roadsides and fields ; common.

Narrowsville (L) ; Erwinna (L) ; Springtown (L) ; Shelly
(B) ; Telford (B) ; Dublin (L) ; Edison (Bt) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ;
Brownsburg (B) ; Penns Park (L).

Verbena angnstif olia Michx.

Dry fields and waste places; rare and local.

East Rockhill Township (F), this probably covers the Three
Mile Run record; Tullytown (Bn) ; (Pineville) ; (Wrights-
town).

Verbena hastata L. Blue Vervain.

Low ground especially in waste places; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Rich Hill (L) ; Point Pleasant (P) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Grenoble (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Tullytown (M) ;
Emilie (L).

LABIATAE (mint family)
Teucrinm canadense L. American Germander.

Moist thickets, marshes and low meadows; common.

Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Tohickon Park (Wi) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Lumberville (B)
(L) ; Yardley (Dr) ; Langhorne (L) ; Neshaminy Falls (M) ;
Tullytown (M).

The Lumberville (L) specimen is a form having foliaceous
bracts.

Isanthus brachiatus (L.) BSP. False Pennyroyal.

Sandy soil ; rare.

Bursonville (R-R) ; Point Pleasant (L, November 11, 1931);
(Malta Island) ; (Nockamixon) ; (New Hope).

I

256

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Labiatae

257

M

Trlchostema dichotommn L. Blue Curls.

Dry gravelly or sandy soil in fields, thickets and on banks;
common.

Monroe (R-E) ; Beaver Creek (B) ; Passer (Wi) ; Telford
(B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Bristol (Dr).

[Trlchostema lineare Walt.

A species of the Atlantic coast region reported from Bristol
(D) but no material was found.]

SouteUarla lateriflora L. Mad Dog Skullcap.

Marshes, swamps and wet shores ; common.

Wyker's Island (Br-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Perkasie
(B) ; Ridge VaUey (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Lumberville (L) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Morrisville (B) ; TuUy-
town (M) ; Bristol (B) ; Croydon (L).

Scutellaria pUosa Michx.

Dry woods and thickets ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Springtown (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Rocky Ridge
(W) ; Argus (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Bycot
(J); FeasterviUe (B).

ScuteUaria epilobilf oUa Hamil. Hooded Skullcap.

{8. galericulata of Gray's Manual, ed. 7) Rhodora, xxiii. 85
(1921).
Marsh, Tullytown (Dr, August 7, 1925) ; (Andalusia).

Scutellaria integrlfolia L.

Thickets, woods and fields mostly in moist soil ; frequent.

Monroe (Kr-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Steinsburg
(Wi); Finland (L) ; RockhiU (F) ; Telford (Sm) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Bycot (K) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Tullytown (B) ;
Croydon (Dr).

ScuteUaria parvula Mich., var. ambigua (Nutt.) Fernald.

{8, parvula of Fretz's Flora.)
Dry to moist sandy soil; rare.
Nockamixon (F) ; Ottsville (L) ; (Sellersville ).

Scutellaria nervosa Pursh.

Moist woods and thickets ; absent on Coastal Plain ; occasional
elsewhere.

Ottsville (L) ; Milford Square (L) ; Quakertown (Bn) ; Rock-
hill (F) ; Argus (Sm) ; Telford (B) ; (Nockamixon).

♦Marrubium vulgare L. Horehound.

Naturalized as a weed in waste places; rare.
TeKord (B) ; Doylestown (Me).

Agastache nepetoides (L.) Ktze. Giant Hyssop.

Woods and thickets; infrequent.

Narrowsville (K) ; Ottsville (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Danboro
(B) ; Lumberville (Me) ; Aquetong (L).

Agastache scrophulariaefoUa (Willd.) Ktze. Giant Hyssop.

Borders of woods, thickets and slopes ; infrequent.

Monroe (Kr-R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Sellersville (F).

This and the preceding species are plants of the Mississippi
Basin and are apparently absent from the Coastal Plain within
the County.

*Nepeta Catarla L. Catnip.

A naturalized weed ; common in waste places.
Monroe (R-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Ottsville (B) ; Point Pleas-
ant (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Edison (Fo).

*Nepeta hederacea (L.) Trev. Ground Ivy. Gill-ovee-the-Ground.

(Glecoma hederacea of Fretz's Flora.)

Damp rich soil in thickets, shaded roadsides and waste places ;
common.

Kintnersville (Er-R) ; Springtown (We) ; Milford Square (L) ;
Argus (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Erwinna (I) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Grenoble (L) ; Tullytown (B) ; Croydon (K).

PnmeUa vulgaris L. Heal-all.

Open woods, fields, roadsides and waste places; common,
Monroe (Kr-R) ; Ottsville (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (L) ; Wrightstown (B) ; Feaster-
viUe (B); Bristol (B).

258

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvanm

Lahiatae

259

A white flowered form from Oxford Valley (B) in forma
alhiftora (Bogenhard) Britton.

Prunella vulgaris L., var. lanceolata (Bart.) Fernald.

Rhodora, XV. 183 (1913).

Similar situations; rare. Upper Black Eddy (Fo).

*Pliysostegla virglnlana (L.) Benth. False Dragon Head.
Ballast, Telford (B, August 20, 1915).

I*

'■'Lainium amplexicaule L. Henbit.

A naturalized weed in cultivated and waste ground ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Telford (B) ; Pipersville (L) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; TuUytown (St).

*Laniium album L.
"Weed about door yard, Doylestown (Me, 1879).

*Lamiuin maculatum L. Spotted Dead Nettle.
An escape from gardens; occasional.
Nockamixon (F) ; Ingham Spring (Hilda Kaji).

*Leonurus Cardiaca L. Motheewort.

Naturalized in waste places ; a common weed.

Monroe (R-R) ; Telford (B) ; Tohickon Park (F) ; Dublin
(L) ; Erwinna (Me) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Andalusia (L).

Stachys hyssopif olia Michx.
Wet open ground; rare. Bristol (Ma, 1865) (D, August 19,

1866).

Bucks County is credited with S. atlantica by Porter. No
material forming the basis of this record was found. However,
this is considered only a race of S. hyssopif olia for it is charac-
terized chiefly by its somewhat wider leaves.

Stachys hyssopif olia Michx., var. ambigua (Gray) Britton.

Similar situations ; rare.

Bristol (Ma, 1865) (C, August 20, 1908).

[Stachys tenuif olia Willd.
Reported from Bristol by Porter but no material seen.]

Stachys tenuif olia Willd., var. aspera (Michx.) Fernald.

(8. aspera of Fretz's Flora.)
Borders of marshes and damp thickets ; frequent.
Narrowsville (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Almont (F) ; Tohickon
Park (Wi) ; Lower Black Eddy (L) ; Bristol (Dr).

Stachys palustrls L. Woundwort.
Edge of fields, along thickets, Telford (M, July 4, 1922).

Salvia lyrata L. Lyre-leaved Sage.

Dry sandy woods and thickets ; rare.
Doylestown (F, 1880 and 1889).

^Salvia verticillata L.

Naturalized in waste ground, Sellersville (W. Reiff Nauman,
July 26, 1913).

Monarda didyma L. Oswego Tea. Bee Balm.

Damp woods, thickets and along streams; occasional.
Finland (Mu) ; Revere (W) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Feaster-
ville (B).

Monarda clinopodia L. Basil Balm.

Damp woods and thickets ; rare.
Sundale (B) ; Deep Run (F).

A plant common west of the Allegheny Mountains in the Ohio
River drainage.

Monarda fistulosa L. Wild Bergamot.

Dry hills, thickets and gravelly banks; rare.
Monroe (R^R) ; Sellersville (F, August, 1880).

Monarda flstulosa L., var. ruhra Gray.

(M. media Willd.)

Rare, probably a garden escape.

Doylestown (F, July 20, 1899).

Monarda mollis L.

Dry fields, hillsides, thickets and open woods ; occasional.
Argus (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Buckingham (L) ; Penn Val-
ley (C); Bristol (C).

260 The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Lahiatae

261

i i

[Monarda punctata L.

This plant is reported from Solebury Township and Bristol
but no material was found. This is a plant to be looked for on
the Coastal Plain.]
Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. America Pennyeoyal.

Dry sandy or stony soil in fields, open woods and banks;

common.

Monroe (I^-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Fo) ; Pleasant Valley
(B) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Wood-
bourne (L) ; Feasterville (B).

*Melissa officinalis L. Balm.
Naturalized in various situations ; rare.
Durahm (Kr-R) ; Bycot (K) ; (Haycock Mountain).

Satnreja vulgaris (L.) Fritsch. Basil.

{Clinopodium vulgar e of Fretz's Flora.)

Fields, woods and thickets, preferably in damp soil ; frequent.

Nockamixon (B) ; OttsviUe (B) ; Telford (Sm) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Penns Manor (B) ; Feasterville (B).

♦Hyssopus officinalis L. Hyssop.
Naturalized along street, South Perkasie (F, August, 1881).

[Origannm vulgare L.

Reported from lower end of County by Martindale but no
material was found.]
Pycnanthemum clinopodioides T. & G.

(Koellia clinopodioides of Fretz's Flora.)

A single specimen. Point Pleasant (F, July 3, 1899).

It is distinguished by its loose flower clusters and by its spread-
ing bracts. The species is closely related to P. verticUlatum.

Pycnanthemum flexuosum (Walt.) BSP. Mountain Mint.

(Koellia flexuosa of authors.)

Dry open soil and thickets ; common except on Coastal Plain

where it is rare or absent.

Monroe (Kr-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Kellers Church
(B) ; Finland (B) ; Rockhill Station (B) ; Almont (B) ; Tel-

ford (Sm) ; Dublin (L) ; Plumstead (Dr) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; Jamison (B) ; Woodbourne (L) ; Bristol (C.
F. Parker).

Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) Durand & Jackson.

(Koellia virginiana of authors.)

Dry fields, pastures and thickets ; common.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Haycock Run (B) ; Quakertown
(F) ; Shelly (B) ; Finland (B) ; Rockhill Station (B) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Grenoble (L) ; Yardley (Dr)
(Me) ; Morrisville (B).

Pycnanthemum verticiUatum (Michx.) Pers.

(Koellia verticUlata of Fretz's Flora.)
Moist or dry fields, thickets and open woods; infrequent.
Haycock Mountain (Tr-P) ; Passer (Wi) ; Carversville (C) ;
Neshaminy Falls (B) ; TuUytown (F) ; Bristol (F).

Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx. Hoaey Mountain Mint.

(Koellia incana of Fretz's Flora.)

Dry soil in fields, hillsides and open woods ; occasional.

Nockamixon (M) (J) ; Narrowsville (L) ; Haycock Mountain
(B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Carversville (L) ;
Doylestown (Me).

Pycnanthemum muticum (Michx.) Pers.

(Koellia mutica of Fretz's Flora.)
Dry to damp sterile soil ; occasional.
Quakertown (F) ; Rockhill (F) ; TuUytown (C).

♦Thymus serpyUum L. Thyme.

A garden escape; occasional.

Durham (R-R) ; Quakertown (F-G) ; Doylestown (Me).

Cunila origanoides (L.) Britton. Dittany.

Rocky woods in upper districts; locally very abundant but
now becoming scarce in many places because it is so persistently
hunted for its reputed medicinal qualities.

Nockamixon (J) ; OttsviUe (B) ; Finland (L) ; Lumberville
(B) (Me).

262

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Lycopus virginicus L. Bugle Weed.

Wet soil in open situations and woods ; frequent.

Monroe (Er-R) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Me) ; "Wash-
ington's Crossing (Me) ; Eoelofs (L) ; Tullytown (L) ; Bristol
(L) (B).

Lycopus unlllorus Michx. Bugle Weed.

Bogs, marshes and grassy shores ; common.
Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Ottsville (B) ; Finland (L) ; Sel-
lersville (F) ; Roelofs (L) ; Tullytown (L) ; Bristol (L).

[Lycopus europaeus L.
Reported from the County but no material was found.]

Lycopus americanus Muhl. Watee Hoeehound.

Bogs, marshes and shores of ponds and streams ; common.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Shelly (B) ; Finland
(L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Aque-
tong (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Yardley (Dr) ;
Morrisville (B) (L) ; Tullytown (M) ; Bristol (B) (L).

A hairy form occurs on the Coastal Plain. This may deserve
varietal rank although it has never been described as such.

[Mentha longifoUa (L.) Huds.

An introduced weed reported from the County but no material
was found.]'

♦Mentha alopecuroides HuU. Woolly Mint.

Naturalized as a weed ; common in most districts.

Haycock Mountain (B) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Passer (Wi) ;
Sellersville (F) ; Hilltown (F) ; Plumsteadville (Mo) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Lower Solebury (Ws).

♦Mentha rotundifolla (L.) Huds.

Rarely naturalized or adventive.

Center Bridge (F, August, 1867) ; (New Hope).

♦Mentha spicata L. Spearmint.

Naturalized in various situations ; frequent.

Monroe (R^R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Ottsville (B) ;
Almont (F); Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me); Oxford Valley
(B).

Solanaceae

263

♦Mentha piperita L. Peppermint.

Naturalized in wet soil; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Sbelly (B) ;
Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Almont (F).

♦Mentha aauatica L.
Meadow, Sellersville (F, August 20, 1883).

♦Mentha Cardiaca Gerarde.

Naturalized in wet places ; occasional.

Durham Furnace (Rr-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant
(F) ; New Hope (F).

♦Mentha gentilis L.

Naturalized in various situations ; rare.
Sellersville (F, August 16, 1914); (Hilltown).
The Morrisville record for M. sativa may refer to this or to
the preceding species.

Mentha arvensis L.

Naturalized in dry or damp situations ; occasional.

Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Grenoble (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Penn Valley (F).

Mentha arvensis L., var. canadensis (L.) Briquet.

Similar situations a^ preceding ; occasional.

Monroe (R^R) ; Beaver Creek (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Penn
Valley (B) ; Tullytown (L).

Collinsonia canadensis L. Horse Balm. Stone Boot.

Moist rich woods of the Piedmont Plateau ; locally abundant.

Monroe (R-R); Steinsburg (Wi) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill
(F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown (Me).

♦Perilla f rutescens (L.) Britton.

Waste places, a garden escape ; rare.
Nockamixon (R) (F) ; Brownsburg (K).

SOLANACEAE (nightshade family)
*SoIanum Dulcamara L. European Bittersweet.

Naturalized in waste places, moist thickets and woods; fre-
quent.

264

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Scrophulariaceae

265

Narrows (L) ; Quakertown (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Lum-
berville (Dr) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Buekmanville (L) ; Morris-
ville (B); Bristol (Bo).

Solanum nigrum L. Common Nightshade.

Waste places, cultivated ground, thickets and woods; occa-
sional.

Haycock Mountain (Mc) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Brownsburg (L) ; Washington's Crossing (L).

♦Solanum carolinense L. Horse Nettle.

Fields and waste places ; becoming common.
South Perkasie (F) ; Telford (Sm) ; Point Pleasant (B) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Bristol (F).

♦Solanum rostratum Dunal. Buptalo Bub.
Waste ground, Sellersville (F, August 6, 1922); (Perkasie).

[PhysaUs pruinosa L.

Keported from Sellersville (F) but material forming the basis
for this record has been re-identified as P. heterophylla.]

Physalis hetehophyUa Nees. Ground Cherjby.

Cultivated ground, or sandy or gravelly waste places; occa-
sional.

Uhlertown (Me) ; Sellersville (F) (B) ; Pipersville (L).

The var. ambigua is reported by Fretz but no material coming
under this variety has been found.

Physalis subglabrata Mackenzie & Bush.

A weed in gravelly fields, thickets and waste places; occa-
sional.

Quakertown (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Edison
(Bt); Wycombe (F).

Physalis virginiana Mill.

Open soil, Sellersville (M, October 10, 1899).

[Nicandra Physalodes (L.) Pers.

(Physalodes physalodes of Fretz 's Flora.)

Keported from the lower districts but no material was found.]

♦Lycium halimif olium Mill. Matrimony Vine.

(L. vulgare of authors.)

Established in thickets and waste places; rare.

Penn Valley (Dr) ; Bristol (F).

[Hyoscyamus niger L. Henbane.
Eeported from Sellersville but no material was found.]

*Datura Stramonium L. Jimson Weed.

(Includes D. Tatula L.)

Naturalized in fields and waste places ; frequent.
Monroe (R-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; New
Hope (F).

♦Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Tomato.

Spontaneous in waste ground; scarcely persistent, Bristol
(B, September 6, 1927).

[Petunia axillaris (Lam.) BSP.
Reported from Sellersville. No material seen.]

SCROPHULARIACEAE (figwort family)

*Verbascum Thapsus L. Common Mullein.

Fields and waste places ; a common weed.
Monroe (Kr-R) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Aquetong
(L) ; Neshaminy (Mc).

*Verbascum phlomoides L.

Similar situations as preceding; rare.
Sellersville (F, August, 1882).

*Verba8cum Blattaria L. Moth Mullein.

Fields and waste places; frequent.

Nockamixon (R-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Aquetong (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Bristol
(Dr).

*Verbascum Lychnitis L. White Mullein.

A weed of fields and waste places ; rare and local in the Dela-
ware Valley.

266

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Scrophulariaceae

267

y

Reigekville (L) ; Durham Furnace (F) ; Point Pleasant (F) ;
(New Hope) ; (Malta Island) ; (Newtown).

Linaria vulgaris Hill. Butter and Eggs.

(L. Linaria of Fretz's Flora.)

A weed in waste places and fields ; common.

Nockamixon (Hb-P) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ;
Yardley (Me) ; Bristol (Dr).

Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumort.

Dry or sandy soil in the lower districts ; occasional.
Durham (H-R) ; Laha^ka (L) ; Turkey Hill (L) ; Penn Val-
ley (C); Bristol (L).

^Linaria dalmatica Mill.

Established along railroad near Doylestown (B, June 12,
1921).

*Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort.

(Linaria Elatine of authors.)

Adventive or naturalized in fields, waste places and on ballast ;
occasional.

Narrowsville (Bn) ; Point Pleasant (Bn) ; Tohickon Park
(F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Chalfont (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
(Quakertown) ; (Rushland) ; (Pleasantville-Eureka).

♦Cymbalaria muraUs Gaertn. Kenilworth Ivy.

(Linaria Cymhalaria of Gray^s Manual, ed. 7. C Cymbalaria
of Fretz's Flora.)

Roadsides, waste places, stone walls and lawns; an occasional
garden escape.

Monroe (L) ; Sellersville (B) ; Point Pleasant (Bn) ; Church-
ville (B) ; (Carversville) ; (Buckingham) ; (New Hope) ;
(Wrightstown).

*Chaenorrliinum minus (L.) Lange.

(Linaria minor of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Along railroad bank, Traymore (George Redles, August 28,
1920).

Scrophularia marilandica L. Figwort.

Moist open woods, thickets and banks; frequent except on
Coastal Plain where it is found occasionally.
Riegelsville (We) ; Nockamixon (F) ; Morrisville (B).

Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh.

(8, leporella of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Torreya xxii, 81
(1922).

Woods, thickets and roadsides in rather dry and sterile situa-
tions ; frequent including the Coastal Plain.

Uhlertown (Me) ; South Perkasie (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Hill-
town (F) ; Deep Run (F) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pipersville (L) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Bristol (Dr) ;
Andalusia (L).

Penstemon* hirsutus (L.) Willd. Beard Tongue.

Dry fields in stony or sandy soil ; frequent except on Coastal
Plain.

Narrowsville (Bn) ; Wormansville (L) ; Ottsville (Fo) ; Tel-
ford (B) ; Plumsteadville (H. W. TrudeU) ; Carversville (L) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc).

[Penstemon laevigatus Ait.

(P. Penstemon of Fretz's Flora.)

This species occurs in this latitude only as a very rare intro-
duction from the South Atlantic States. The records in Fretz's
Flora were based on misidentified material.]

Penstemon Digitalis Nutt. Beard Tongue.

(P. laevigatus, var. Digitalis of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Fields and meadows; common.

Nockamixon (Fo) ; Shelly (F) ; Trumbauersville (F) ; Rock-
hiU (J) ; Rocky Ridge (Wi) ; Perkasie (F) ; Sellersville (F)
Blooming Glen (B) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown (F)
Buckingham Valley (Ws) ; Newtown (Dr) ; Southampton (L)
Bristol (Dr) ; Andalusia (L).

♦Instead of Pentstemon as it generally spelled. For authority for this
spelling, see Pennell, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. XX, 325 (1920).

268

The Flora of Bucks County , Pennsylvania

Scrophulariaceae

269

Penstemon pallidus Small.

Small, Fl. S. E. U. S., 1069 (1903).

Sandy or barren soil, a rare introduction from the Mississippi
Valley.

Aquetong (K, May 30, 1910).

Distinguished by its puberulent stem, its ovate to triangular
calyx lobes and capsule which is 5-6 mm. long.

Chelone glabra L. Tubtlehead.

Kich wet soil along streams and ponds, also in swamps and
thickets; common.

Nockamixon (M) ; Haycock Mt. (B) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ;
Steinsburg (Wi) ; Finland (L) ; Argus (K) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Aquetong (L) ; Yardley (Me) ; Emilie (Dr) ;
Andalusia (L).

Mimolus ringens L. Monkey Flowee.

Moist rich soil in open situations ; common.
Monroe (R-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Steinsburg
(Wi) ; Finland (B) ; Rockhill (F) ; Argus (F) ; Point Pleasant
(L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Brownsburg (L) ;
Washington's Crossing (Dr) ; Penn Valley (B) ; TuUytown
(M); Bristol (Dr).

Mimulus alatus Ait.

Marshy or swampy ground ; infrequent.
Finland (B) ; Rockhill (F) ; Doylestown (Me); TuUytown
(L) ; Andalusia (L) ; (Soleburg Township).

LimoseUa subolata Ives. Mubwort.

(L, aquatica, var. tenuifolia of Gray's Manual, ed. 7. L,
tenuifolia of Fretz's Flora.) Rhodora, xx. 160 (1918) and Tor-
reya, xix. 30 (1919).

Tidal mud and about borders of ponds ; rare.

Andalusia (Me, 1866) (W, August, 1898) (L, October 23,
1917).

Hemlanthus micranthus (Pursh) Eaton.

(Micranthemum micranthemoides (Nutt.) Wettst. of Gray's
Manual, ed. 7.)

On river shore, between high and low tides ; rare.
Tullytown (L) ; Eddington (L) (B).

Hysanthes dubia (L.) Barnh. False Pimpernel.

Swales and muddy shores ; frequent.

Monroe (E^R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Morrisville (B) ;
Bristol (Dr) ; Andalusia (L).

Characterized by the narrow sharp cut serrate leaves and open
flowers.

Hysanthes dubia (L.) Barnh., var. inundata PenneU.

Tidal mud flats along the Delaware River ; local.

Tullytown (L) ; Bristol (B) (Dr) ; Andalusia (L).

Characterized by the rounder, nearly entire leaves and cleis-
togamous flowers.

Hysanthes inaequalis (Walt.) PenneU.

(Z. anagallidea, in part, of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Torreya,
xix. 140 (1919).

Wet ditches, swales and muddy shores ; infrequent.
Point Pleasant (L) ; Oxford Valley (B) ; Bristol (L) (C).

Qratlola neglecta Torr.

(O, virginiana of Fretz's Flora. Not L.) Bhodora, xx. 65
(1918).

Muddy shores and ditches ; frequent.

Eiegelsville (L) ; Nockamixon (K-R) ; Rockhill (L) ; Sellers-
ville (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Edison (L) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; By cot (Br) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ;
Penns Manor (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Oxford Valley (B) ; Bris-
tol (L).

What is now regarded as real G. virginia/na L. is a Coastal
Plain plant occurring from New Jersey southward. It has not
been found in Bucks County.

Gratiola aurea Muhl.

Wet sandy shores, chiefly on the Coastal Plain; frequent.

Wykers Island (Rr-R) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Yardley (L) ;
Tullytown (L) (Dr) ; Bristol (Bl) (M) ; Andalusia (L) ;
(Neshaminy).

270

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Scrophulariaceae

271

'I

A

Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farwell. Culver's Root.

(Veronica virginica of Gray's Manual, ed. 7. Leptandra vir-
ginica of Fretz's Flora.)

Sandy or loap soil in moist meadows and pastures ; frequent
above the f all-lme.

Finland (B) ; Roekhill (F) ; Almont (B) ; Plumsteadville
(Dr) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Doylestown (Me).

Veronica anagallis-aquatlca L. Water Speedwell.

Ditches, brooks, pools and swamps; occasional.
Kintnersville (Dr) ; Lumberville (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; New
Hope (Wi) ; (Sellersville — material is F. glandifera).

Distinguished by its glabrous inflorescence, and petioled leaves.

Veronica glandifera Pennell.

(T. anagallis-aquatica of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, in part.) Tor-
reya, xix. 170 (1919).

Ditches and wet shores ; rare.

Roekhill (M); Sellersville (F).

Distinguished by the inflorescence which is covered with gland-
tipped hairs and by its more serrate leaves which are all ob-
viously clasping.

Veronica americana Schwein. American Brooklime.

Ditches, brooks and swamps ; occasional on the Piedmont Pla-
teau.

Roekhill (F) ; New Hope (Wi).

*Veronica Chamaedrys L. Bird 's Eye.

A European introduction; rare.

North bank of Swamp Road, one-fourth mile west of New-
town (Annie C. Scarborough, May 26, 1931).

Also reported from near Doylestown by J. Kirk Leatherman,
Esq., but not represented in any herbarium.

Veronica scutellata L. Marsh Speedwell.

Swamps, marshes and brooks; occasional.
Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Revere (W) ; Roekhill (F) (M)
(W) ; Tohickon Park (Wi) ; Buckingham (Dr) ; Tullytown

(V); Emilie (L) ; (Haycock Mountain); (Quakertown) •
(Hulmeville). '

Veronica officinalis L. Common Speedwell.

Fields, banks, pastures and open woods ; common.

Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Milford Square (L) ; Sellers-
ville (F) ; Blooming Glen (L) ; Tohickon Park (F) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Lahaska (L) ; Buckingham (L) ; New-
town (Dr) ; Brownsburg (L).

Veronica serpyUlf olia L. Thyme-leaved Speedwell.

Fields, thickets and waste places ; common.

Nockamixon (B) ; Milford Square (L) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Yardley (L).

Veronica peregrina L. •

Waste and cultivated ground; common.

Nockamixon (M) ; Upper Black Eddy (Pr) ; Quakertown
(L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Nesha-
miny (Mc) ; Trevose (Dr) ; Andalusia (L).

Veronica peregrina L., var. xalapensls (HBK.) Pennell.

Torreya, xix. 167 (1919) and Rhodora, xxiii. 19 (1921).

Adventive from western United States and southward ; culti-
vated ground and waste places ; infrequent.

Ottsville (B) ; Roekhill (M) ; Tullytown (M).

This plant differs from the species by having a glandular-
puberulent stem, whereas the stem of the typical form is
glabrous or essentially so.

♦Veronica arvensis L. Coen Speedwell.

Fields and waste places ; a common weed.

Durham Furnace (L) ; Upper Black Eddy (Pr) ; Buckwam-
pum Mountain (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pipersville
(L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (L) ; Ingham Springs (Bt).

♦Veronica polita Fries.

(V. agrestis of Fretz's Flora.)

Fields, Narrowsville (Pr. April 2, 1916) ; (Bensalem).

272

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

I:

I

I

♦Veronica persica Poir.

("F. Tournefortii of Gray's Manual, ed. 7. V, hyzantina of
Fretz's Flora.) Khodora, xxi. 101 (1919).

Cultivated ground, Telford (B, April 30, 1916) ; (Andalusia).

Aoreolaria** pedicularla (L.) Eaf. False Foxglove.

(Gerardia pedictUaria of Gray's Manual, ed. 7. Dasy stoma
pedicidaria of Fretz's Flora.)

Dry woods and thickets; occasional above the fall-line.
Monroe (R-R) ; Argus (F) ; Furlong (L).

Aureolaria flava (L.) FarweU. Downy False Foxglove.

(Gerardia flava of Gray's Manual, ed. 7. Dasy stoma flava of
Fretz's Flora.)

Dry to moist open woods and thickets; occasional in upper
districts.

Durham (R-R) ; Haycock Mountain (Tr-P) ; Argus (F) ;
Doylestown (Me).

Aureolaria virginica (L.) Pennell. Smooth False Foxglove.

(Gerardia virginica of Gray's Manual, ed. 7. Dasy stoma vir-
ginica of Fretz's Flora.)

Dry open woods usually in sandy soil ; frequent.

Springtown (F) ; Argus (F)(B); Doylestown (Me); Buck-
ingham (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; (TuUytown).

Agalinls porpnrea L. Pubple Gerardia.

(Gerardia purpurea of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Moist mostly sandy soil; common on the Coastal Plain, rare

or absent elsewhere.

Roelofs (L) ; Yardley (Me) ; Morrisville (D) ; Penn Valley

(B) ; TuUytown (F)(C) ; Bristol (F) ; Andalusia (L).

[Agalinis paupercula (Gray) Britton.

(Gerardia paupercula of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Reported from TuUytown but material has been reidentified

as A, purpurea. This species is common northward in New York

and New England.]

•* For a discussion of the status of Aureolaria and Agalinis as generic
names and the status of the old genus Gerardia see Bhodora, xx. 66 and 133
(1918) and Torreya, xix. 205 (1919).

4)

Scrophulariaceae

273

'»

^m*

HlV

*•. "

Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl.) Eaf.

(Gerardia tenuifolia of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Dry loam or sandy soil of open woods and thickets ; common

on the Piedmont Plateau, infrequent on the Coastal Plain.
Monroe (R-R) ; Ottsville (Wi) ; Finland (L) ; Perkasie (Pr) ;

Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Bristol (F).

Tomanthera auriculata (Michx.) Raf.

(Gerardia auriculata of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Old fields, occasional ; probably an introduction from the Mis-
sissippi Valley.

Revere (R-R) ; Leidytown (F) ; Plumstead (Mo) ; Rushland
(George Redles) ; (Rockhill).

Bachnera americana L. Blue Hearts.

Collected on a dry roadside bank, on hill above Upper Black
Eddy by Dr. Rodney H. True, on August 3, 1925. The specimen
is in the Herbarium of the University of Pennsylvania.

CastiUeja coccinea (L.) Spreng. Scarlet Painted Cup.

Low moist ground in meadows ; pastures and thickets ; appar-
ently absent on Coastal Plain, frequent elsewhere.

Nockamixon (H) ; Revere (L) ; Pleasant Valley (Bn) ; Spin-
nerstown (L) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill (F) (M) ; Argus (C)
(Bn) ; Fountainville (Gr) ; Doylestown (Me) ; ( Seller sville) ;
(Bonair).

Melamp3rrum Uneare Lam. Cow Wheat.

Open woods often in sandy soil; occasional.
Monroe (R-R) ; Weisel (B) ; Rockhill (F).

Melampyrum lineare Lam., var. latifoliom (Muhl.) Beauv.

Torreya, xix. 238 (1919).

Similar situations; common.

Argus (Sm) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Lahaska (L) ; Roelofs (L).

Distinguished by its comparatively broad leaves, its bracts
which are very slightly or not at all fimbriate at base and its
large seeds, 3 mm. long.

i

, 1;

i

274

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Pedicularis canadensis L. Lousewort. Wood Betony.

Dry or moist thickets ; woods and banks ; frequent.

Monroe (I?^R) ; Spinnerstown (B) ; Rockhill (M) ; Argus
(C) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (Sm) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Aque-
tong (K) ; Tullytown (M).

Pedicularis lanceolata Michx.
Swamps and marshes ; rare.
Yardley (L) : Turkey Hill (C) ; (Tullytown).

LENTIBULARIACEAE (bladderwort family)
Utricularia inflata Walt.

Coastal Plain ponds; rare.
Bristol (Dr, June 28, 1924).

Distinguished by its 5-12 flowered racemes and corollas about
2 cm. broad.

Utricularia radiata Small.

See Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. 1090 (1903).

Ponds, Bristol (Ma, 1865) (C. F. Parker, August 11, 1865)
(L, July 8, 1927).

Distinguished by its 1-3 flowered racemes and corollas about
1.5 cm. wide.

Utricularia vulgaris L., var. americana Gray. Great Bladdeewoet.

Floating in stagnant ponds and slow streams; frequent espe-
cially in lower districts.

Monroe (K^R) ; Turkey Hill (L) ; Penn Valley (C) ; Oxford
Valley (L) ; Tullytown (F) ; Emilie (B) ; Andalusia (L) ;
(Bristol).

Utricularia gibba L.

Shallow water on the Coastal Plain ; rare.
Tullytown (V) ; Bristol (C. F. Parker).

Utricularia fibrosa Walt.
Shallow water; rare.
Tullytown (C, August 6, 1896).

Utricularia intermedia Hayne.
Shallow water ; rare.
Penn Valley (F, May 30, 1899) (C, June 1, 1899).

•4 II

Km*

•vty

f^

I

Acanthaceae

275

OROBANCHACEAE (broom-rape family)
Epifagus virginiana (L.) Bart. Beechdeops.

(Leptamnium virginianum of Fretz's Flora.)

Parasitic on roots of beech trees ; frequent.

Monroe (Er-R) ; Beaver Creek (B) ; Springtown (We) ; Steins-
burg (Wi) ; RockhiU (F) ; Argus (B) (K) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
New Britain Township (Gr) ; Feasterville (B) ; Oxford Valley
(L) ; Andalusia (L).

ConophoUs americana (L. f .) Wallr. Squaw Root.

Rich woods, at or near the base of oak trees ; rare.

Quakertown (Bn) ; Rockhill (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; (Argus) ;
(Southampton).

Orobanche uniflora L. Beoom-eape. Cancee Root.

(Thalesia uniflora of Fretz's Flora.)

Parasite on roots of clover and other herbs; scattered over
most of the County but nowhere abundant.

Nockamixon (C) ; Upper Black Eddy (Pr) ; Sundale (L) ;
Ottsville (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Argus (F) ; Sellersville (F) \
Doylestown (Me); Rushland (L) ; Tullytown (C) (F).

BIGNONIACEAE (bignonia family)
♦Tecoma radicans (L.) Juss. Teumpet Flowee. Teumpet Ceeepee.
Moist soil, probably introduced ; rare.
Tullytown (F, August, 1882) (Ma, July 29, 1893).

*Catalpa bignonioides Walt.

Common in cultivation but rarely established.
Quakertown (Bl-G) ; Sellersville (F) ; Bristol (L).

MARTYNIACEAE (martynia family)
♦Martynia louisiana Mill. Unicoen Plant.

Persistent weed in cultivated ground.
Telford (B, August 30, 1921).

ACANTHACEAE (acanthus family)
[Dianthera americana L.

Reported from Andalusia (Ma) but no material was found.]

276

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

PHRYMACEAE (lopseed family)
Phryma Leptostachya L. Lopseed.

Rich woods and thickets ; frequent in moist districts.

Monroe (K-R) ; OttsviUe (B) ; Springtown (B) ; Rich Hill
(B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Feasterville (B).

PLANTAGINACEAE (plantain family)
Plantago major L. Common Plantain.

A weed in fields, meadows, woods, waste places and lawns-
common. '

SellersviUe (P) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Doylestown (Me).

Plantago Rugelii Dene.

Similar situations as preceding species ; common.

SellersviUe (P) ,- Telford (B); Neshaminy (Mc) ; Wrights-
town (B).

*Platago lanceolata L. Rib Grass.
Waste places, open woods, fields and banks ; very common
SellersviUe (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy

(Mc) ; Aquetong (L) ; Turkey Hill (L).

Plantago arlstata Michx.

Dry sterile soil ; frequent.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Revere (L) ; SellersviUe (P) ; Tel-
ford (B) ; Pallsington (B) ; TuUytown (B).

Plantago virginica L.

Dry open situations ; frequent.

NarrowsviUe (L) ; Upper Black Eddy (Pr) ; OttsviUe (B) •
Pleasant Valley (P) ; RockhiU Station (P) ; Buckingham VaUey
(B) ; Pallsington (Dr) ; Bristol (P).

RUBIACEAE (madder family)
Galium Aparlne L. Cleavers. Goose Grass.
Banks, thickets and borders of woods in rich soil ; common
Monroe (R-R) ; Perndale (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; SeUersville
(P); Bedminster (L) ; Doylestown (Dr) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ;
Rushland (L) ; BuckmanviUe (L) ; MorrisviUe (L) (Dr) ; TuUy-
town (L) ; Emile (B) ; Croydon (K).

7

*^\>

tin

Buhiaceae ^**

♦Galium verum L. Yellow Bedstraw.

Moist to dry places and fields ; occasional.

SellersviUe (F) ; Ingham Springs (Bt) ; TuUytown (J).

Gallnin pilosum Ait.

Dry or sandy fields and open woods ; locally abundant.

Monroe (R-R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Argus (F) ; Doylestown
(Me);Yardley (L).
OaUum circaezans Michx. Wild Licorice.

Dry woods ; frequent. /u p n .

Upper Blaek Eddy (Tr-P) ; Buckwampum Mountain (R-B ,
Shelly (F) ; RockhiU (F) ; Dublin (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; Brownsburg (B) ; Turkey Hill (L).

GaUum lanceolatvun Ton. Wild Licobice.

Dry woods and thickets; frequent on the Piedmont Plato
Upper Blaek Eddy (Tr-P) ; Buckwampum Mountain (R-B
Spinnerstown (L) ; Quakertown (O ; RoekMU (F)(M)(J
Argus (B) ; Erwinna (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Brownsburg (B)
(Solebury Township).

OaUum boreale L. Noethern Bedsteaw. ^ , x>i •

Dry banks and thickets ; frequent except on Coastal Plain
Nockamixon (C) ; NarrowsviUe (Bn) ; WormansviUe (L ;

Quaker oT(C (L) ; RockhiU C^) (K) (M) ; Perkasie (W ;

SeUersville (F) ; Curley HiU (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; (Argus).

iroalium Mollugo L.

A weed of fields and waste places ; occasional.

SeUersville (F) ; Doylestown (Fi) ; Parkland (B) ; TuUytown

(F).

Galium Claytoni Michx. , j +

Swamos shores and wet ditches ; locally abundant.

Monroe (R-R) ; RockhiU (F) ; SlickvUle (L) ; TuUytown (B) ;
Bristol (L) ; Croydon (Dr).

Galium tinctorium L. *„^„„-t.+

Darnt) open woods, thickets, meadows and swamps; frequent.
NrkamTxon(C) ; OttsviUe (L) ; RockhiU (M)(F); Argus;

Neshaminy (Mc) ; Oxford VaUey (L).

U^^^

278

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Oaliom concinnum T. & G.

Dry soil ; rare.

TuUytown (C, August 16, 1896) ; (Bensalem).
Galium asprellum Michx.

Borders of streams and in swamps ; occasional.

Monroe (R-E) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Lower Black
Eddy (L) ; Neshaminy (M) ; Grenoble (L) ; Yardley (Dr) ;
Hulmeville (B).

Galium triflorum Michx. Sweet-scented Bedstraw.

Dry woods and thickets; apparently scarce or absent on the
Coastal Plain ; frequent elsewhere.

Monroe (R-R) ; Haycock Mountain (B) ; Rockhill (F) ; Sel-
lersville (F) ; Erwinna (L) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Brownsburg
(B); Washington's Crossing (Dr) ; Woodbourne (L) ; Nesha-
miny Falls (M) ; Yardley (L).

Diodia teres Walt. Button Weed.

Dry or sandy soil; locally abundant on Coastal Plain, less
frequent elsewhere.

Monroe (R-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Turkey
Hill (B) ; Tullytown (F) ; Bristol (F) ; Andalusia (Dr).

MitcheUa repens L. Paetridge Beeey.

Dry woods ; common.

Haycock Mountain (L) ; Rockhill (M) ; Telford (B) ; Erwinna
(L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Chalfont (L) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Center Bridge (L) ; Roelofs (L) ; Langhorne (B) ;
Bristol (B) ; Andalusia (L).

Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Buttonbush.

Swamps, ditches and borders of ponds ; common.

Rattlesnake Hill, Duraham Township (Rr-R) ; Finland (B) ;
Rockhill Station (B) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; Buckingham (L) ; Washington's Crossing
(Dr) ; Tullytown (B) ; Bristol (B).

Houstonia caerulea L. Bluets.

Open grassy places and wet rocks ; common.

Nockamixon (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Tohickon (Me); Bed-
minster (L) ; Ottsville (B) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown

P

Caprifoliaceae

279

^ JL't^

(Me) ; Edison (Fo) ; Trevose (Dr) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Morris-
ville (L).

[Houstonia longif olia Gaertn.
Reported from the County but no specimen found.]

«

CAPRIFOLIACEAE (honeysuckle family)
Diervma Lonicera Mill. Bush Honeysuckle.

(D. Diervilla of Fretz's Flora.)

Dry thickets, woods and open places ; occasional in middle and

upper districts.

Narrowsville (B) ; one mile north of Telford (B) ; Pipersville
(L) ; Lumberville (Dr) ; Chalfont (L) ; Aquetong (K) ; Tully-
town (L) ; (Rockhill) ; (Point Pleasant).

♦Lonicera Morrowi Gray.

Escaped from cultivation and established, Pleasant Valley
(L) ; Morrisville (L).

♦Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese Honeysuckle.

Dry banks and thickets ; frequent.

Durham (R-R) ; Naceville (B) ; Telford (Sm) ; Dublin (F) ;
Doylestown (B) ; Richboro (L) ; Tullytown (B).

Lonicera sempervirens L. Trumpet Honeysuckle.

Damp thickets; occasional.

Monroe (R-R); Kumry (Mu) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Trum-
bauersviUe (F) ; Almont (L) ; Doylestown (Me); Aquetong
(K) ; Bristol (Dr) ; Bensalem Township, If miles southwest of
Hulmeville (B) ; (Tullytown).

Lonicera dioica L.

Dry to moist open or shaded situations ; frequent except on

Coastal Plain.

Durham Furnace (Aubrey H. Smith); KintnersviUe (T);
Nockamixon (C) (M) (V) (Bn) ; Upper Black Eddy (Bn) ; Fm-
land (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Almont (B) ; Argus (M) ; Erwinna
(L) ; Ottsville (B) ; Pipersville (L).

i

^y

280

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

[Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench.

(8. Symphoricarpos of Pretz's Flora.)

Reported from Smithtown, near Point Pleasant but no ma-
terial seen.]

Symphoricaxpos albus (L.) Blake. Snowberey.
(8. racemosus of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Rhodora, xvi. 118 (1914).
Rocky places; rare.
Rockhill (F, July, 1881).

^Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake, var. laevigatus (Fernald) Blake.
{8, racemosus y var. laevigatus of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Rhodora, xvi. 117 (1914).
Naturalized in waste ground, Almont (B, July 23, 1923).

Triostenm perfoliatum L. Feveewort. Horse Gentian.
Rich open woods and thickets ; rare.
Quakertown (B) ; Sellersville (F).

Triosteum perfoliatum L., var. aurantiacum (Bicknell) Wiegand.

(T, aurantiacum Bicknell.) Rhodora, xxv. 199 (1923).

Similar situations ; more frequent than the species.

Pleasant Valley (B) ; Passer (B) ; Steinsburg (Wi) ; Finland
(L) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Forks of Neshaminy (Bn).

Triosteum angustif olium L.

Rich shaded soil; infrequent.

Durham (R-R) ; Quakertown (Me) ; Bedminster (Mo) ; Deep
Run (F) ; (Pipersville).

Viburnum acerifolium L. Maple-leaved Viburnum.

Dry somewhat sterile soil in woods and thickets; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Haycock Mountain (B) ; Spinnerstown (L) ;
Milford Square (B) ; Rockhill (F) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Ottsville
(L) ; Lumberville (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Chalfont (L) ; Nesh-
aminy (Mc) ; Aquetong (K) ; Buckingham Valley (B) ; Lahaska
(L) ; Brownsburg (B) ; Richboro (L).

Vlburum afltoe Bush, var. hjrpomalacum Blake.

(F. pubescens of authors, not Pursh.) Rhodora, xx. 11-15
(1918).

r

ji

I

.1

fi •

V^-

••'V

\V

y

ri^ •

-*

T

t

1

T

_

1

¥\

*▼ #

T

4

' 9 i

^^

-

Caprifoliaceae

281

Dry soil in fence rows, pastures and rocky woods and banks ;
rare.

Nockamixon (C)(J)(Bn); Rockhill Station (B) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Doylestown (Me).

Viburnum pubescens (Ait.) Pursh.

(V. venosum Britton). Rhodora, xx. 11-15 (1918).
Dry soil ; rare.

Roadsides, Quakertown (F, June 2, 1923).
(Rockhill); (Sellersville); (Woodbourne).
The var. Canhyi was recorded by Fretz but no material re-
ferrable to this variety was found.

Viburnum ScabreUum (T. & G.) Chapm.

Woods, thickets and stream banks ; frequent.

Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Milford Square (Pr) ; Rockhill
(K) (Br) ; Sellersville (F) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Woodbourne
(F) (Bn) ; Yardley (L) ; Fallsington (L) ; Andalusia (L). ^

Virbumum dentatum L. Aebow-wood.

Moist soil in thickets, along streams and ponds and in swamps ;
frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Finland (L) ;
Shelly (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Lahaska
(L) ; Emilie (L) ; TuUytown (Bn).

Viburnum cassinoides L. Withe-rod.

Swampy woods, Yardley (Dr) ; Morrisville (L) ; Tullytown
(Br-P).

Viburnum nudum L.

Swampy ground on the Coastal Plain ; occasional.
Yardley (L) ; Oxford Valley (L) ; Tullytown (F) (C) (Bn) ;
Bristol (F).

Viburnum Lentago L. Nannyberry. Sheepberry.

Rich moist to dry soil in thickets and on stream banks ; fre-
quent on the Piedmont Plateau.

Nockamixon (R-R) ; Spinnerstown (B) ; Rockhill (F) (V) ;
Almont (L) ; South Perkasie (F) ; (Narrowsville) ; (Sellers-
ville); (Buckmanville).

'f.'

282

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Campanulaceae

283

Vibumuin prunif ollum L. Black Haw.
Dry or moist soil of woods, thickets, pastures and banks;

common.

Durham (L) ; Nockamixon (C) ; Ottsville (L) ; Haycock
Mountain (B) ; KockhiU (M) ; Sellersville (F) ; Blooming Glen
(F); Doylestown (Me); Neshaminy (Mc) ; Hartsville (Mrs.
James Irwin) ; Penns Park (L) ; Eichboro (L) ; Yardley (Dr) ;
Tullytown (St).

Sambucus canadensis L. Common Eldee.

Dry to moist fence rows, thickets and banks ; common.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Richlandtown (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford
(B) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ;
Slickville (L).
Sambucus racemosa L. Eed-bereied Eldee.

{8. put ens Michx.)

Rocky woods and thickets ; frequent along the cliffs of the Del-
aware River, rare elsewhere.

Kintnersville (Bn) ; Nockamixon (Ba) (Pr) (F) (J) (L) ; Quak-
ertown (Ma) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; (Upper Black Eddy).

VALERIANACEAE (valerian family)

*ValerianeUa Locusta (L.) Betcke. Coen Salad.

Old fields, meadows and waste places; common.

Sundale (L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ;
Tohickon Creek, near Doylestown Pike, Tohickon Park (Bn) ;
Pipersville (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Center Bridge (Fi) ; Tully-
town (L).

ValerlaneUa radiata (L.) Dufr.

Moist meadows and stream banks; infrequent.

Durham (Rr-R) ; Milford Square (L) ; Trumbauersville (F) ;
Sellersville (P)(F); Telford (B) ; Pipersville (L) ; Tully-
town (L).
ValerianeUa Woodsiana (T. & G.) Walp.

Moist meadows and stream banks; rare.

Argus (M); Sellersville (F)(J); Telford (B) ; Center
Bridge (Fi).

f

ii

'I

n

The Sellersville material was recognized by Dr. Fretz as the
var. patellaria (Sulliv.) Gray.

DIPSACACEAE (teasel family)

*Dlpsacus sylvestrls Huds. Wild Teasel.

Pastures, roadsides and waste places; frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; between Ferndale and Narrowsville (Ha) ;
Ottsville (B) ; Argus (B) (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Buckingham
(L) ; George School (B) ; NewportviEe (B).

CUCURBITACEAE (gourd family)
*Cucumis Melo L. Muskmelon.

Spontaneous in waste ground, Brownsburg (L, August 28,
1923).

Sicyos angulatus L. One-seeded Bue Cucumbee.

Damp soil in waste places, stream banks and marshes ; locally
abundant.

Nockamixon (M) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Mor-
risville (B) ; Bristol (B).

Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) T. & G. Wild Balsam Apple.

(Micrampelis lohata of authors.)

Along streams and borders of marshes, also in damp waste
places; frequent.

Wyker^s Island (Rr-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; To-
hickon Creek in Bedminster Township (F) ; Point Pleasant (B) ;
Bushington (Me); Churchville (B) ; Tullytown (L).

CAMPANULACEAE (bluebell family)
Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Venus 's Looking Glass.

Sterile or sandy soil in dry woods, fields and waste places;
frequent.

Upper Black Eddy (Pr) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Tullytown (M) ; Bristol (Dr) ; Edgely (B) ; Andalusia (L).

^Campanula rapunculoldes L. Bellflower.

Established in fields and along roadsides; occasional.
Quakertown (F) ; Telford (B) ; Buckingham (L) ; (Hilltown).

284

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Campanula americana L. Tall Bellflower.

Wet meadows, damp thickets and wooded swamps ; apparently
absent on Coastal Plain, occasional elsewhere.

Durham (Rr-R) ; Nockamixon (F) ; Seller sville (F) ; Point
Pleasant (F) ; Doylestown (Me); Rushland (George Redles).

Campanula rotundlf olla L. Harebell. Bluebell.

Rocky banks, shores and moist meadows; frequent along the
Delaware River in the upper districts, rare elsewhere.

Nockamixon (F) ; Narrowsville (L) (Bn) ; Uhlertown (Me) ;
Point Pleasant (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Hendricks Island, near
Center Bridge (Fi) ; (Durham).

Campanula aparinoides Pursh. Marsh Bellflower.

Wet open grassy situations ; common.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Weisel (B) ; Finland (W. Clarke-P) ; Sell-
ersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Center Bridge (Fi) ; Yardley (Dr) ; Tullytown (M) ;
Bristol (Dr).

LOBELIACEAE (lobelia family)
LobeUa cardinalls L. Cardinal Flower.

Stream banks, wet shores, marshes and low meadows ; frequent
but nowhere very abundant.

Wykers Island (R^R) ; Rockhill (F) ; Almont (B) ; Point
Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Washington's Crossing (L) ;
Tullytown (L) ; Andalusia (L).

Lobelia siphUitica L. Great Lobelia.

Moist open or shady places ; common.

Nockamixon (M) ; Haycock Mountain (Mc) ; Pleasant Valley
(B) ; Finland (B) ; Rockhill (F) ; Almont (L) ; Point Pleasant
(L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Aquetong (L) ; Washington's Crossing
(Me) ; Tullytown (B)(M).

Lobelia spicata Lam.

Dry to moist open situations ; frequent.
Nockamixon (J) ; Rockhill (J) (M) ; Argus (B) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Bycot (K) ; Neshaminy (Mc).

\l

Compositae

285

LobeUa NuttallU B. & S.

Moist soil on the Coastal Plain ; locally abundant.

Yardley (Dr) ; Tullytown (C) (Bn) (Le) ; Bristol (C) (Ma).

Lobelia inflata L. Indian Tobacco.

Dry open situations and thickets; common.

Monroe (R^R) ; Quakertown (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Plum-
steadville (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Edison (Bt) ; Neshaminy
(Mc) ; Feasterville (B).

COMPOSITAE (composite family)
Vemonla noveboracensis (L.) Willd. Ieonweed.

Meadows and other moist situations ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Weisel (B) ; Rich Hill (F) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Yardley (Me) ; Morrisville (L) ;
Bristol (L) ; Andalusia (L).

[Vemonla glauca (L.) Willd.

Reported from the County but no material was found which
could form a basis for this record.]

Eupatorium* purpureum L. Joe Pye Weed.

Low marshy places chiefly in sandy soil; frequent on the
Coastal Plain.

Yardley (Me) ; Morrisville (L) ; Tullytown (L) ; Bristol (F).

Characterized by its solid stem, finely purple-speckled and not
glaucous, its convex inflorescence and the leaves mostly in three's
or four's. Often confused with E, maculatum. The material
quoted by Fretz as E. maculatum amoenum has been found and
identified as E, purpureum.

Edpatorinm maculatum L. Joe Pye Weed.

Wet or moist to rather dry situations in thickets, borders of
woods and along streams; frequent on the Piedmont Plateau;
rare or absent on the Coastal Plain.

* For a discussion of the nomenclature of E. purpureum L. and species
closely allied with it, see Wiegand, Rhodora, xxii. 62 (1920) and Mackenzie,
Bhodora, xxii. 157-165 (1920). The names in this list follow those proposed
by Mackenzie.

286

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Compositae

287

Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Haycock Mountain (B) ; Fin-
land (L) ; Almont (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Woodbourne (L) ;
Fallsington (L).

Stems usually tall, hollow, cylindrical, purple and glaucous;
leaves in four 's to six 's ; inflorescence large, convex.

Eupatorium trif oliatum L.

Moist or dry chiefly upland woods and thickets ; frequent.

Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Ottsville (L) ; Point Pleasant
(L).

Stem tall, slender, usually solid, green with purple nodes;
leaves in three's or four's; inflorescence convex; its branches
widely spreading, sometimes nearly horizontal.

Eupatorium leucolepis T. & G.
Moist gravel pits, Bristol (B, August 4, 1927).

Eupatorium hyssopif olium L.

Dry gravelly bank, Bristol (F, September 29, 1923).

Eupatorium verbenaefolium Michx.

Moist soil of the Coastal Plain ; rare.

Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (Fo-P) ; Fallsington (L) ; Bristol
(L); (Springfield); (Tullytown).

No material seen.]

[Eupatorium rotundif olium L.
Reported from near Bristol.

Eupatorium pubescens Muhl.
Dry or sandy soil ; rare.
Yardley (L) ; Bristol (L).

Eupatorium sessHifoUum L. Upland Boneset.

Dry cliffs, banks and rocky woods ; rare and local.

Monroe (R-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Tohickon Park (B) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Levin (F).

Eupatorium perf oliatum L. Thoeoughwoet. Boneset.

Moist open ground ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Richlandtown (B) ; Finland (L) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Washington's Cross-

^1

ing (Me) ; Langhorne (L) ; Tullytown (B) ; Bristol (L) ; Anda-
lusia (L).

Eupatorium urticaefoUum Eeichard. White Snakeeoot.

(E, ageratoides of Fretz's Flora.)

Rich woods, thickets and fence-rows ; common.

Narrowsville (M) ; Haycock Mountain (Gr) ; Finland (L) ;
Rockhill (Br-P) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Center
Bridge (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ;
Yardley (Me); Tullytown (B) ; Penns Manor (F).

[Eupatorium coelestinum L.

Reported from the lower end by Martindale and from Rock-
hill (F) but no material found. Perhaps confused with the
preceding species.]

Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. Climbing Hemp weed.

Marshes and wet thickets along streams ; locally abundant.
Ottsville (L) ; Ridge Valley (B) ; Rockhill (F) ; Yardley (L) ;
Tullytown (L) ; Bristol (B) ; Andalusia (L).

Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. Button Snakeeoot.

(Lacinaria spicata of Fretz's Flora.)

Moist open soil thickets ; infrequent but very abundant where
found.

Ringing Rocks, Bridgeton Township (R-R) ; Rosedale (Bl-G) ;
Ridge Valley, near Argus (F, September, 1882, and August,
1898); (Rockhill).

Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Nutt. Golden Astee.

Sandy soil ; occasional on the Coastal Plain.
Glen Lake (F) ; Turkey Hill (B) ; Bristol (F).

Solidago squarrosa Muhl.

Dry stony or rocky slopes, also open woods and thickets; an
AUeghanian plant occurring occasionally except on the Coastal
Plain.

Narrowsville (M) ; Nockamixon (Pr) (V) (J) ; Tinicum Creek
(F) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Argus (F).

288

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Compositae

289

Solldago caesia L. Blue-stemmed Goij>enrod.

Dry open woods, thickets and pastures ; common.

Narrowsville (M) ; Haycock Mountain (B) ; Rockhill (F) ;
Sellersville (F) ; Lumberville (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; New
Britain Township (Gr) ; Buckingham (L) ; Penns Park (L) ;
Yardley (Me).

[Solldago caesia L., var. axlUaris (Pursh) Gray.

This is a northern variety and is not found in the County.
There is a Sellersville (F) record but the material on which it
is based proves to be ordinary 8. caesia,]

Solldago latlf oUa L.

(8, flexicaulis of Fretz's Flora.)

Rich moist to dry woods and thickets ; frequent on the Pied-
mont Plateau.

Narrowsville (F) (M) ; Nockamixon (F) ; Ottsville (B) ; Fin-
land (L) : Sellersville (F) ; Pipersville (B) ; Laimberville (L) ;
Chalfont (L) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Yardley (L) ;
(Bedminster).

Solldago bicolor L.

Dry open woods, thickets and pastures; frequent.

Narrowsville (M) ; Ottsville (B) ; Haycock Mountain (Mc) ;
Pleasant Valley (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Aquetong (L) ; Nesha-
miny (Mc) ; Bristol (F).

[Solldago hlsplda Muhl.

A northern species. No Bucks County material found, al-
though reported from Sellersville, Doylestown and Buckingham.]

Solldago puberula Nutt.

A single specimen in the Herbarium of George School, col-
lected by Frank Ball, on Buckingham Mountain, September 17,
1927. The first person to report its occurrence at this station
is J. Kirk Leatherman, Esq.

Solldago speclosa Nutt.
Reported from Nockamixon (J) but no material found.]

[Solldago sempervlrens L.

Reported from Penn Valley (C) but this record is based on
misidentified material. This is a species found near the sea-
coast.]

[Solldago patula Muhl.

A plant of northern bogs and swamps reported from a swamp
in Springfield but no material was found.]

Solldago arguta Ait.

Dry stony or rocky situations and open woods ; frequent in
upper districts.

Nockamixon (J) ; Springtown (L) ; Rockhill (B) ; Argus (F) ;
Lumberville (L) ; Solebury (6r).

Solldago Jnncea Ait. Early Goldenrod.

Thickets and dry fields ; common except on Coastal Plain.

Narrowsville (Ha) ; Nockamixon (J) ; Rockhill (F) ; Argus
(F) ; Sellersville (B) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ;
(Doylestown).

Solldago neglecta T. & G. Swamp Goldenrod.

Swampy ground on Coastal Plain ; infrequent.

Yardley (L) ; TuUytown and Penn Valley (C, all on one
label) ; Bristol (F).

[Solldago suaveolens Schoepl.

(S, odora Ait.) Rhodora, xxi. 69 (1919).

Known in some Pennsylvania localities as Blue Mountain tea.
Reported from Andalusia (Ma) but no material was found.]

Solldago ulmlf oUa Muhl.

Dry woods and thickets; frequent in upper districts.
Monroe (R-R) ; Rockhill (F) ; Perkasie (Pr) ; Lumberville
(L) ; Neshaminy (L).

Solldago rugosa Mill.

Dry fields, fence rows and roadsides ; common.

Durham Furnace (R-R) ; Wykers Island (R-R) ; Pleasant
Valley (B) ; Finland (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Almont (L) ; Point

290

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Pleasant (P) ; Doylestown (Me) Grenoble (L) ; Yardley (Me) •
Morrisville (Fo-P) ; Penn Valley (Co) ; TuUytown (C) ; Bristol
(B).

SoUdago rugosa Mill., var. aspera (Ait.) Fernald.

{S. asperaoi Gray^s Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xvii. 7 (1915).
Dry or sandy soil chiefly on the Coastal Plain ; frequent
Neshaminy (Mc) ; Roelofs (L) ; Yardley (L) ; Penns Manor

(F) ; Tullytown (B).

Solidago nemoralis Ait.

Dry open mostly sterile soil ; common.

Nockamixon (M) ; Ottsville (L) ; Haycock Mountain (B) •
Finland (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Buckingham
(K); Washington's Crossing (Me); Roelofs (L) ; Tullytown
(F) ; Bristol (B).

Solidago canadensis L.

(Includes 8, canadensis, var. scahriuscula of Fretz's Flora.)
Damp soil in fields, thickets and on stream banks ; frequent on

the Piedmont Plateau.
Monroe (R^R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Quakertown (Pr) •

Rockhill (F); Sellersville (B) ; Deep Run (F) ; Washington's

Crossing (Me) ; Penns Manor (F).

Solidago altissima L.

Dry or rich open soil and thickets ; rare.
Rockhill (B); Pipersville (F).

Solidago serotina Ait.
Moist fields, thickets and woods ; common.
Narrowsville (Ha) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; SeUersville
(F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Chalfont (L) ; Langhorne (L) ; Mor-
risville (Ba) ; Bristol (L) ; Andalusia (L).

The Sellersville material forms the basis of Fretz^s record of
S, serotina gigantea but it is not a good extreme of the species
and IS considered here as belonging to the typical species.
Solidago rigida L.
Dry situations ; rare and local.
Perkasie (F) ; Sellersville (B) ; Pipersville (B).

Compositae

291

I

Solidago graminifoUa (L.) Salisb., var. Nuttallii (Greene) Fernald.

(Euthamia graminifoUa of Fretz's Flora.)

Dry or moist, sterile mostly sandy or gravelly soil; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Revere (L) ; Rockhill (B) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Morrisville
(Ba) ; Penns Manor (F) ; Bristol (C).

Solidago tennif olia Pursh.

(Euthamia caroliniana of Fretz's Flora.)
Dry sand soil of Coastal Plain ; occasional.
Tullytown (F) ; Bristol (B).

Aster divaricatus L. White Wodd Aster.

Dry open woods, thickets and banks ; common.

Nockamixon (M) ; Haycock Mountain (Mc) ; Pleasant Valley
(B); Quakertown (B) ; Rockhill (F) ; Argus (F) ; Point
Pleasant (B) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Jamison (Dr) ; Yardley (Me).

[Aster Calytoni Burgess.
Reported from Argus but no material was found.]

Aster Schreberi Nees.

Dry woods of upper districts ; rare.

Rockhill (F) ; Point Pleasa^t (B) ; Doylestown (Mc).

Aster macrophyUus L.

Shaded places in moderately damp soil ; common.

Monroe (R^R) ; Rockhill Station (F) ; Argus (F) ; Ridge Val-
ley (F) ; Chalfont (L) ; Feasterville (B) ; Fallsington (L).

Aster radnla Ait.

Low woods; rare.

Yardley (L, September 27, 1924).

Aster novae-angliae L. New England Aster.

Fields, thickets and roadsides ; occasional.

Nockamixon (M) ; Passer (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Jamison
(Dr) ; Bridge Valley (Dr) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Yard-
ley (Me).

7f'

V

LP-

292

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Aster patens Ait.
Dry open places ; rare.

Monroe (R-E) ,• Roekhill (F) ; Danboro (B) ; Lumberville
(L) ; Doylestown (Me).

Aster patens Ait., var. phloglfolius (Muhl.) Nees.
(A, phlogifolius Muhl.)
Sandy or rocky woods and thickets ; rare.
Haycock Mountain (B) ; Roekhill (F) ; Doylestown (Me).

Aster nndulatus L.

Dry fields and thickets ; frequent.

Rattlesnake Hill, Durham Township (R-R) ; Roekhill (P) ;
Argus (F); Doylestown (Me); Buckingham Mountain (L) ;
Grenoble (L).

Aster cordif olios L.

Open woods, thickets, dry fields and roadsides; common.

Nockamixon (M) ; Ottsvilie (L) ; Finland (L) ; Roekhill (K) ;
Sellersville (M) ; (F) ; Chalfont (L) ; Jamison (Dr) ; Browns'
burg (L) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Yardley (Me) • Morris-
ville (F).

Some of the above material approaches the var. polycephalus
Porter but the characters are not sufficiently marked to recognize
any of the material as a good example of the variety.

Aster Lowrieanus Porter.

Dry fields, roadsides and thickets; occasional except on the
Coastal Plain where it is very rare or absent.

Nockamixon (E) ; Roekhill (F) ; Argus (F) ; Grier's Cor-
ner (Gr).

The Roekhill specimen forms the basis of Fretz's record of
the var. Bicknelli Porter but the material seems closer to the
typical species.

Aster Lowrieanus Porter, var. lanceolatns Porter.

{A, Lowrieanus, var. lancifolius of Fretz's Flora.)
Similar situations; rare.
Argus (F, October 7, 1898).

Compositae

293

41 i

H

1^

4

■1

V-

***,'!

p--

Aster sagittifollus Wedemeyer.

Thickets and dry fields ; rare.

Pleasant Valley (B, September 15, 1923) ; (Haycock) ; (Rock-
hill) ; (Bedminster).

Aster laevis L. Smooth Aster.

Dry fields, thickets and banks; frequent except in lower dis-
tricts.

Nockamixon (M) ; Revere (L) ; Roekhill (F) ; Argus (K) ;
Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Chalfont (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Bridge Valley (Dr) ; Pineville (Fo) ; Grenoble (L) ; (Perkasie).

The species is variable in width of leaf.

Aster laevis L., var. ampUf olios Porter.

Similar situations; rare.
Roekhill (F, October 7, 1898).
This is a very broad leaved form.

Aster ericoides L. Heath Aster.

Dry, usually sandy fields and roadsides; common.

Nockamixon (M) ; Haycock Mountain (Mc) ; Passer (B) ;
shelly (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Chalfont (L) ; Point
Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Bucking-
ham (K) ; Bridge Valley (Dr) ; Morrisville (B) ; Bristol (Dr).

Aster amethystinus Nutt.

Moist soil; rare.

Narrowsville (E, September 29, 1909, October 6, 1911, and

September 17, 1912).

Aster multifloms Ait.
Dry sandy soil ; rare and local.
Monroe (R^R) ; Upper Black Eddy (D) ; Point Pleasant (L).

[Aster dninosns L.
Reported from Deep Run but no material was found.]

Aster viminens Lam.

Moist open soil and woods ; most abundant on Coastal Plain.

Roekhill (F) ; Yardley (Me) ; Morrisville (Dr) ; Fallsington
(L) ; Penns Manor (F) ; TuUytown (B) ; Bristol (B) ; (Point
Pleasant).

294

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Compositae

295

Aster laterifloms (L.) Britton. Starred Aster.

Dry or moist fields, thickets and roadsides; common.

Eiegelsville (Rr-R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Finland (L) ; Rock-
hill (Br) (B) ; Hilltown (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Yardley (Dr) ;
Morrisville (B) ; between Bristol and Newtown (Joseph Carson,
1862).

This is a very variable species. The Rockhill (Br) specimen
approaches var. thyrsoides (Gray) Sheldon and formed the basis
for Fretz's record of this variety.

Aster Tradescanti L.

Low ground in fields and thickets; rare and local.

Wyker's Island (Rr-R) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Brownsburg (L) ;
Yardley (Me); Bristol (B).

Aster panicolatus Lam.

Wet meadows, thickets and open woods ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Rockhill (G. Berenger) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Neshaminy (Dr) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Yardley (Me) ;
Penns Manor (F) ; Bristol (B) ; (Buckingham) ; (TuUytown).

Aster salicif olins Ait.
Low ground; rare.
Wyker's Island (R-R); Sellersville (F).

Aster novl-belgii L.
Sandy soil of the Coastal Plain ; local.
Morrisville (Dr) ; Bristol (B).

Aster prenanthoides Muhl.

Damp soil of roadsides, stream banks, thickets and rich open
woods; infrequent in upper and middle districts; apparently
absent from the Coastal Plain.

Finland (Bl-G) ; Rockhill (F) ; Three Mile Run (F) ; Chal-
font (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Dr) ; Grenoble (L) ;
(Pipersville) ; (Solebury).

The Three Mile Run specimen is the basis of Fretz's record
for A. prenanthoides porrectifolius Porter.

Aster pnniceus L.

(Includes A. puniceus L., var. Crawfordii Porter of Fretz's
Flora.)

r

a^

/

Moist to wet situations; common.

Nockamixon (F) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Finland (L) ; Rock-
hill (F)(K); Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me); Neshaminy
(Mc) ; Bridge Valley (Dr) ; Yardley (Me) ; Tullytown (B) ;

Bristol (B).

The Nockamixon material was recorded by Fretz as var. firmus
(Nees) T. & G. but it comes nearer to the typical species.

Aster umbeUatus Mill.

{DoeUingeria umhellata of Fretz's Flora.)

Moist thickets, borders of woods and marshes; frequent.

Kintnersville (Rr-R) ; Rockhill (F) ; Argus (F) ; Tullytown

(C); Bristol (St).

Aster infirmus Michx.

(DoeUingeria infirma of Fretz 's Flora.)

Dry sandy or rocky soil; occasional.

Rockhill (F) ; Tohickon (Gr) ; Buckingham (L) ; (Sellers-
ville) ; (Pipersville); (Bristol).

Aster linariif olius L.

(lonactis linariif olius of Fretz 's Flora.)

Dry stony or sandy soil ; occasional.

Hoots Mill, Argus (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Center Bridge (Fi) .

Aster acuminatus Michx.

Damp woods in humus; rare,

Aquetong (L, September 13, 1931) ; Tullytown (B, September
7, 1928) ; (Doylestown according to J. Kirk Leatherman but no
herbarium material was seen).

Erigeron pulchellus Michx. Robin's Plantain.

Meadows, banks and slopes ; frequent.

Nockamixon (H) (M) ; Buckwampum Mountain (F) ; Haycock
Mountain (L) ; Milford Square (L) ; Finland (K) ; Argus (Sm) ;
Neshaminy (L) ; New Hope (L).

Erigeron philadelphicus L.

Moist fields, banks and woods ; apparently rare on the Coastal
Plain, frequent elsewhere.

296

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Compositae

297

Nockamixon (M) (C) ; Upper Black Eddy (B) ; Ottsville (L) ;
Spinnerstown (L) ; Argus (F) ; Ridge Valley (P) ; Telford
(Sm) ; Tullytown (C) (J) ; (Point Pleasant).

*£rigeron annuus (L.) Pers. Daisy Fleabane.

A weed of fields and waste places ; common.

Pleasant Valley (L; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc).

Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) BSP. Daisy Fleabane.
Similar situations as preceding ; common.
Richlandtown (L) ; Rockhill (M) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford
(B) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Lahaska (L).

Erigeron canadensis L. Horse Weed.

(Leptilon canadense of Fretz's Flora.)

A weed of fields, woods and waste places in rather rich soil ;
common.

Durham Furnace (R-R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Sellersville
(F) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Lang-
home (L) ; Bristol (B).

Sericocarpus asteroides (L.) BSP. WmTE-TOPPED Aster.

Dry woods and banks ; infrequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Nockamixon (J) ; Sellersville (F) ; Browns-
burg (L) ; Newportville (F).

Sericocarpns linifolius (L.) BSP.

Dry or sandy soil ; rare.
Doylestown (F) ; Bristol (D).

*Qilfola germanica (L.) Dumort.
A rare adventure, Bedminster (F, July, 1881).

[Pluchea campliorata (L.) DC.

A salt marsh plant reported from Bristol (D) but no specimen
found.]

i^ntennaria Parlinii Fernald.

Damp or dry soil of open woods; not rare except on Coastal
plain where it is less frequent.

r

3f

V

4

*4fV-'

(

Rockhill (M) ; Ottsville (L) ; Pipersville (L) ; Dublin (L) ;
Fountainville (L) ; Lumberville (L) ; Aquetong (L) ; Penn Val-
ley (F); (Tullytown).

Antennaria plantaglnifolia (L.) Richards. Plantain-leaved Everlasting.

Sterile soil in fields, pastures and roadsides ; frequent.

NarrowsviUe (Pr) ; Rockhill (M) (F) ; Aquetong (Wi) ; Buck-
ingham Valley (B) ; Rushland (L) ; Grenoble (L) ; Brownsburg
(L) ; Penn Valley (C).

Antennaria f allax Greene. Ladies ' Tobacco. Pussy 's Toes.

Dry open woods and fields; frequent.

Upper Black Eddy (Fo) (Tr-P) ; Milford Square (L) ; Rock-
hill (M) ; Perkasie (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Tohickon
Creek, north of Doylestown (Bn) ; Dublin (L) ; Lumberville
(L) ; Neshaminy Creek, near Doylestown (W) ; Aquetong (K) ;
Washington's Crossing (B) ; Emilie (B).

Antennaria neodioica Greene. Pussy's Toes.

Dry sterile soil ; common.

Nockamixon (P) (Pr) ; Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; iMilford
Square (L) ; Rockhill (M) ; Telford (B) ; Dublin (B) ; Nesha-
miny (L) ; Grenoble (L) ; Roelofs (L) ; MorrisviUe (Dr) ; Penn
Valley (F) ; Tullytown (C) ; (SeUersville).

Antennaria neglecta Greene. Pussy *s Toes.

Damp to dry pastures and fields ; common.

Revere (W) ; Rockhill (M) ; SeUersviUe (F) ; Ridge Valley
(F) ; Edison (Fo) ; Neshaminy (L) ; New Hope (Sg) ; Grenoble
(L) ; TuUytown (C) ; Trevose (Dr).

Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) B. & H. Pearly EYi2i.AS!mi».

Dry open woods and pastures ; f requenlL

NarrowsviUe (M) ; Buckwampum Mounlam (h) ; Finland
(B); Sellersville; PlumsteadviUe (Dr) ; P-cwuitainville (L) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Buckingham (L) ; FaUsmgt^m (B)

Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. Common Evmllastocq.

((?. polycephalum of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rhodora, xx. 71
(1918).

-if-

it

lf;i'

298

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Dry fields and roadside banks ; frequent.
Monroe (Rr-R) ; Rockhill (F) ; Brownsburg (B) ; TuUytown
(B); Bristol (B).

Gnaphalinm uliginosum L. Low Cudweed.

Damp soil or dried out mud of ditches, shores and roadsides ;
frequent.

Riegelsville (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doyles-
town (Me) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (L) ;
Oxford Valley (L).

OnaphaUum purpureum L.

Dry sandy soil; rare.

Rockhill (F); Turkey Hill (L).

*Inula Helenium L. Elecampane.

Naturalized in fields and along roadsides; occasional.
Rockhill (F); Sundale (L) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; (Ridge
Valley).

Ambrosia trifida L. Geeat Ragweed.

Moist alluvial soil and waste places; common.
Monroe (R^R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Nesha-
miny (Mc) ; Andalusia (L).

Ambrosia trifida L., var. integrifoUa (Muhl.) T. & U.
Similar situations; frequent.
Sellersville (F) ; Bristol (B).

Ambrosia artemisiifoUa L. Eoman Wormwood.

Waste places, fields and roadsides; very common.

Monroe (R^R) ; Perkasie (B) ; Telford (B) ; Plumsteadville
(L) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ;
Langhorne (L) ; Yardley (L) ; Bristol (B).

[Xantlilnm spinosum L.

A naturalized weed reported from Doylestown and Bristol
but no specimens were found.]

Xanthinm chinense Mill. Ck>cKL£BUB.

(X. canadense of Gray's Manual, ed. 7. X. glahratum of
Fretz's Flora.) Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub. Bot. iv, 17 (1919).

Compositae

299

2^

r •

4

^^

Rich moist soil of banks, ditches and waste places ; occasional.
Sellersville (F) ; Chalfont (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Washing-
ton's Crossing (Me).

Xanthimn pennsylvanicum Wallr.

(X. ccmadense of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Rich moist soil; rare.

Sellersville (F, August 29, 1898).

Xantbium italicum Mor. Cocklebur.

(X. commune of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)

Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub. Bot. iv, 40 (1919).

Waste places and moist grounds; frequent.

Riegelsville (F) ; Ottsville (B) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Sellers-
ville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Brownsburg (B) ; Yardley (L) ; Bris-
tol (B).

[Xanthium echinatum Murr.

A seacoast form reported from Sellersville by C. D. Fretz.
The material forming the basis of this record has been reidenti-
fied as X. italicum.]

Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet. Ox-eye.

Nockamixon (C) ; Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Bris-
tol (Dr); Andalusia (L) ; (Telford).

Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk.

River banks and moist waste places; infrequent.

Point Pleasant (F) ; Lumberville (B) ; Washington's Crossing
(Me) ; Quakertown).

*Rudbeckia triloba L.

Roadsides and waste places ; occasional as an introduction.

Pleasant Valley (B) ; Quakertown (B) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Bristol (L).

Budbeckia hirta L. Black-eyed Susan.

Pastures, fields and meadows; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Finland (L) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ;
Doylestown (Me); Neshaminy (Mc).

t*.'19^~t

11

I'!'

300

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Is,!

N

Budbeckia f ulgida Ait. Orange Cone Flower.

Dry open places and thickets; occasional but at some stations
very abundant.

Nockamixon (F) (Bn) ; Revere (L) ; Finland (L) ; Argus (F) ;
Rockhill (F); Telford (B).

Budbeckia lacinlata L. Tall Cone Flower.

Low alluvial soils and moist thickets ; frequent.

Monroe (Er-R) ; Revere (Rr-R) ; Almont (L) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Doylestown (Me); Yardley (Dr) ; Emile (B).

*Heliantlius annuus L. Common Sunflower.

Roadsides and waste places ; occasional as an escape.
Lumberville (L, August 14, 1923).

Helianthns angustifoUus L. Swamp Sunflower.

Wet soil ; rare.

TuUytown (Br, September 23, 1893) (C, September 12, 1894)
(F, September 17, 1898).

Helianthus glganteus L.

Swamps, wet meadows and low thickets ; frequent.
Rockhill (G) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; TuUy-
town (F)(C); Bristol (B).

Heliantlias divaricatus L.

Dry soil in open woods and thickets ; occasional.

Durham (R-R) ; Nockamixon (M) ; Ottsville (B) ; Rockhill
(F) ; Deep Run (F) ; Doylestown (Me).

HeUanthns strumosus L.

Damp to dry open woods and thickets ; infrequent.
Durham (We) ; Rockhill (F) ; Plumstead (Mo).

HeUanthus tracheliif oUus MiU.

Open woods and thickets; rare.
Narrowsville (M, September 23, 1893).

Helianthns decapetalus L.

Along streams and in moist woods and thickets ; frequent.
Nockamixon (J) ; Rockhill (F) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Morris-
ville (Ba) ; TuUytown (L).

Compositae

301

\li»

^i>

^>i

u

*Hellantlius tnberosus L. Jerusalem Artichoke.

Roadsides and waste places ; occasional as a garden escape.

Durham (R-R) ; (F) ; Bedminster (Kr) ; Washington's Cross-
ing (Me) ; Morrisville (L) ; Bristol (F).

Coreopsis rosea Nutt.

Swamps and shores of the Coastal Plain; rare.
Bristol (Ma, 1865) (D, August 19, 1866).

Coreopsis lanceolata Nutt.

Rare, perhaps an escape.

Lahaska (L, June 12, 1920); (Andalusia).

^Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.

Adventive in waste places; occasional.
Sellersville (F) ; Blooming Glen (B).

Bidens bidentoides (Nutt.) Britten. Swamp Beggar Ticks.

Shores of the Delaware River; rare.
Morrisville (Ba) ; Andalusia (L) ; (Bristol).

Bidens discoidea (T. & 6.) Britten.

Swamps and shores, or on floating logs ; rare.
Lumberville (L) ; Oxford Valley (L) ; Tullytown (C) ; Bris-
tol (F).

Bidens f rondosa L. Beggar Ticks.

Moist soil; a common weed.

Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Neshaminy (Dr) ; Washing-
ton's Crossing (Ma) ; Yardley (L) ; Morrisville (L) ; Bristol
(F) ; Andalusia (L).

Bidens vulgata Greene. Beggar Ticks.
Moist soil of roadsides and waste places; occasional.
Sellersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (F).
This species becomes more common westward.

Bidens comosa (Gray) Wiegand.

Ditches, sandy shores and low moist ground ; common.

Ea^t Rockhill Township (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ;
Point Pleasant (B) ; Neshaminy (Dr) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Yard-

m

H. ^

302 The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

ley (L) ; Morrisville (Ba) ; Oxford Valley (L) ; Bristol (St)
(L).

Bidens connata Muhl.

Low moist ground ; swamps and ditches ; common.

Haycock Mountain (B) ; South Perka^ie (F) ; Sellersville
(P); Doylestown (Me); Yardley (L) ; Oxford Valley (L) ;
Tullytown (B) ; Bristol (F) (L) ; Andalusia (L).

Bidens cemua L.

Wet soil in various situations ; common.

Point Pleasant (F) (B) ; Neshaminy (Dr) ; Bridge Valley
(Dr) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Yardley
(L) ; Morrisville (Ba) ; Tullytown (F) ; (Aquetong) ; (Lower
Solebury).

Bidens laevis (L.) BSP.

Wet meadows ; swamps and ditches ; common.

Quakertown (F) ; (Pr) ; Eocky Ridge (B) ; Rockhill (F) ;
Weisel (Sm) ; Argus (K) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Yardley (Me) ; Morrisville (F) ; Tullytown (F) ; Emilie (Dr) ;
Bristol (St); Andalusia (Dr).

Bidens bipinnata L. Spanish Needles.

Moist places and waste ground ; occasional.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Ottsville (B) ; Pleasant Valley
(B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Bridge Valley (Dr).

Bidens trlchosperma (Michx.) Britton. Tickseed SyNFLOWER.
Swamps of the Coastal Plain ; locally abundant.'
Roelofs (L) ; Penns Manor (B) ; Turkey Hill (B) ; Penn Val-
ley (C) ; Tullytown (F) ; Bristol (F).

Bidens involucrata (Nutt.) Britton.

Tow path, Narrowsville (V, September 9, 1904); wet soil
along Common Creek, Tullytown (B, September 7, 1928). Prob-
ably introduced from farther westward.

[Galinsoga parviflora Gav.

Not known from the County although reported from Quaker-
town and Andalusia. Possibly confused with the next species.]

Compositae

303

Uv

(1;

1
■4

♦Galinsoga ciliata (Eaf .) Blake.

(6r. parviflora Cav., var. hispida of Gray's Manual, ed. 7. G.
aristulaia Bickn.) Rhodora, xxii. 97 (1920), xxiv. 34 (1922)
and XXV. 13 (1923).

Cultivated ground and shaded waste places ; common.

Ottsville (B) ; Sellersville (B) ; Telford (B) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Neshaminy (Me) ; Washington's Crossing (Me) ; Tully-
town (B) ; (Point Pleasant).

Helenium nudiflomm Nutt. Purple Sneezeweed.

Moist soil; occasionally naturalized; a native of the southern
and western states.

Neshaminy (B) ; Grenoble (L) ; Holland (B) ; Hulmeville
(L).

Helenium autumnale L. Sneezeweed.

Marshes, low thickets and along streams ; frequent.

Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Dr) ; Bridge
Valley (Dr) ; Brownsburg (L) ; Washington's Crossing (Me);
Penns Manor (B) ; Tullytown (B) ; Andalusia (Dr) (L).

^Achillea Millefolium L. Common Yarrow. Milpoil.

A weed of fields, banks and waste places ; common.

Rufe's School, Durham Township (F) ; Ottsville (B) ; Rocky
Ridge (L); Telford (B) ; Dublin (F) ; Doylestown (Me);
Neshaminy (Mc) ; Buckmanville (L) ; Yardley (Me) ; Nesha-
miny Falls (M).

♦Anthemis Cotnla L. Mayweed.

Barnyards, roadsides, fields and waste places; common.

Rufe's School, Durham Township (F) ; Revere (L) ; Almont
(F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Chalfont (L) ; Doylestown (Me).

*Antliemis arvensis L. Corn Camomile.

Dry roadsides, fields and waste places ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; SeUersville (F) ; New Hope
(B) ; Grenoble (L) ; Washington's Crossing (L) ; Morrisville
(L) ; Tullytown (M) ; Croydon (K) ; (Point Pleasant).

304

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

i

I

* Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum L., var. pimiatifidum Locoq. & Lamotte.
Ox-eye Daisy.

Fields, meadows and roadsides ; common.

Monroe (R-R) ; Ottsville (B) ; Rich Hill (L) ; Telford (B) ;
Doylestown (Me) ; Byeot (B) ; Neshaminy (B) ; Langhorne (B).

The typical species is unknown in our area but is common
northward.

♦Chrysanthemum Parthenium (L.) Bernh. FE:vERrEW.

A garden escape ; rare.

Sellersville (F, August, 1883) ; Bristol (B, July 13, 1931).

""Matricaria ChamomiUa L. German Camomile.

Naturalized in waste ground; rare.

Sundale (L, July 12, 1923) ; Rockhill (Br, June 1, 1890).

"("Matricaria suaveolens (Pursh) Buchenau. Pineapple Weed.
Established along roadside, Rich Hill (L, July 8, 1922).

^Tanacetum vulgare L. Tansy.

Established in waste places and along roadsides ; frequent.
Monroe (Er-R) ; Haycock Run (B) ; Danboro (L) ; Browns-
burg (L) ; Grenoble (L).

[Artemisia vulgaris L.

Reported as occurring in wa^te places but no herbarium mate-
rial was found.]

♦Artemisia SteUeriana Bess. Dusty Miller. Old Woman.

Waste ground, Sellersville (F, September 17, 1923, and July
4, 1924).

•Artemisia pontica L. Eoman Woemwood.

Escaped along roadside, opposite an old house, near Ottsville
(L, September 19, 1931).

*Artemisia annua L.

Established as a weed in waste places ; rare.
Riegelsville (L) ; Narrowsville (J); Nockamixon (R).

♦Tussilago Farf ara L. Coltsfoot.

Roadside, Revere (L, July 6, 1909) (W, April 30, 1911).

fj

4 I »

4^

'•L*

Compositae 305

♦Petasites vulgaris HiU. Buttee Bue. Butteeply Dock.
(P. vulgaris of Fretz's Flora.)
Damp waste ground ; rare.
Quakertown (Ma); Rockhill (C) (F).

Erechtites liieracifolia (L.) Eaf . Fieeweed.

Moist woods and clearings ; common.

Monroe (Rn-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Brownsburg
(B) ; Morrisville (L) (Dr) ; Bristol (B) ; Feasterville (B).

Cacalia atripUcif olia L. Indlln Plantain.

(Mesadenia atripUcif olia of Fretz's Flora.)
"Woods and thickets; rare.

Durham (R^R) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Buckingham (L) ; Penn
Valley (C) ; (Lumberville).

[Sececio vulgaris L.

An adventive reported from Sellersville and Andalusia but no
material was found.]

Senecio obovatus Muhl.

Moist woods and banks ; rare.
Nockamixon (C) (M) (F)
(Springfield).

(V & L) (Bn); (Durham);

Senecio obovatus Muhl., forma elongatus (Pursh) Fernald.

{S. obovatus var. elongatus of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Rho-
dora, XXX. 225 (1928).
Similar situations; rare. Nockamixon (M, May 28, 1893).

Senecio aureus L. Golden Bagwort.

Wet meadows, swamps and thickets; common.

Three Mile Run (F) ; Sellersville (F) ; Telford (B) ; Edison
(Fo) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Woodbourne (Bn) ; Tullytown (C)
(F) (St); Andalusia (L).

Senecio aureus L., var. gracilis (Pursh) Britton.

Similar situations; frequent.

Nockamixon (C) ; Quakertown (F) ; Rockhill (M) ; Tohickon
Creek, west of Doylestown Pike (Bn) ; (Sellersville).

306

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Compositae

307

Senecio pauperculus Michx., var. Balsamitae (Muhl.) Fernald.

(8. Balsamitae of Fretz's Flora.) Rhodora, xxiii. 299 (1921).

Dry or rocky soil and in meadows and pastures ; common.

Nockamixon (C) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Perkasie (F) (M) ; Rock-
hill (M); Sellersville (P) (M) ; Argus (F) ; Telford (B) ;
Doylestown (Dr) ; Aquetong (K) ; Newtown (Dr).

Senecio Crawf ordii Britton.

(8. Balsamitae, var. Crawf ordii of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.)
Damp meadows and bogs near the Delaware River; not com-
mon.

TuUytown (F) (C) (M) ; Emilie (L).

* Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. Common Burdock.

A weed of roadsides and waste places ; common.
Durham Furnace (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Blooming Glen (L) ;
Doylestown (Me); Bristol (B).

*Echinops sphaerocephalus L. Globe Thistle.

Along an alley drive-way, Quakertown (A, August, 1918).

*Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) EQll. Common oe Bull Thistle.

(Carduus lanceolatum of Fretz's Flora.)
Pastures, fields and waste places ; frequent.
Monroe (Rr-R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Tel-
ford (B) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc).

Cirsium discolor (Muhl.) Sprang.

{Carduus discolor of Fretz's Flora.)
Roadsides, fields and banks; frequent.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Sellersville (F) ; Bedminster (Mo) ; Lumber-
ville (L) ; Brownsburg (B) ; Yardley (Me) ; TuUytown (B).

Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng.

(Carduus altissimus of Fretz's Flora.)
Fields and thickets ; occasional.

Wyker's Island (R-R) ; Harr's Dam, near Sellersville (F,
August 27, 1887) ; (Plumstead).

Cirsium muticum Michx. Swamp Thistle.

(Carduus muticus of Fretz's Flora.)
Moist situations ; frequent.

>*N

Revere (L) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill Station (B) ; Sellersville
(F); Oxford Valley (B).

Cirsium pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng. Pasture Thistle.

{Carduus odoratus of Fretz's Flora.)

Dry fields and pastures ; infrequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Rocky Ridge (L) ; Rockhill (F) ; Almont
(B).

*Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canada Thistle.

{Carduus arvensis of Fretz^s Flora.)

Roadsides, fields and waste places ; frequent.

Sellersville (F) ; Neshaminy (Mc).

The var. vestitum Wimm. and Grab, with the leaves perma-
nently white-lanate beneath was found at Danboro (L), and the
var. integrifolium Wimm. and Grab, with the leaves mostly
plane and uncut or the lowest slightly pinnatifid was found at
Neshaminy (Mc).

^Centaurea Calcitrapa L. Star TmsTLE.
Waste places; rare.
TuUytown (F, May 30, 1899) (J, August 1, 1899).

*Centaurea Jacea L.

Grassy fields and waste ground ; rare.
Nockamixon (Fo) ; Sellersville (F).

*Centaurea maculosa Lam.

Roadsides and waste places; rare.
Beaver Creek (B) ; New Hope (B).

^Centaurea vochinensis Bernh.

Dry open soil, TuUytown (B, September 7, 1928).

*Hypocliaeris radiata L. Cat's Ear.

Well established along a roadside bank, Eddington (L, July
1, 1931).

*Lapsana communis L. Nipplewort.
Waste ground. Rocky Ridge (B, September 18, 1926).

^1

308

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

%

*Cicliorluin Intybus L. Chicory.

Fields, roadsides and waste places ; common.

Nockamixon (Ba); Ottsville (L) ; California (Wi) ; Sellers-
ville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Yardley (Me).

Krigia virginica (L.) Willd.

(Adopogon carolinianum of Fretz's Flora.)

Dry sandy or gravelly soil ; frequent.

Nockamixon (M) ; Rockhill (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Lahaska
(L) ; Bristol (B) ; TuUytown (L).

Cynthia virginica D. Don. Cynthia.

{Krigia amplexicaulis Nutt. of Gray's Manual, ed. 7. Ado-
pogon virginicum of Fretz's Flora.) Rhodora, xvii. 135 (1915).

Moist woods, banks and meadows; common.

Uhlertown (Me) ; Richlandtown (Me) ; Steinsburg (Wi) ;
Rockhill (M); Perkasie (M) ; Sellersville (F) ; Lahaska (L) ;
Aquetong (L) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Tullytown (M) ; Bristol (Dr).

*Tragopogon porrif olius L. Salsify. Oystee Plant.

Roadsides and waste places ; occasional as a garden escape.
Doylestown (L) ; Tullytown (F) ; (Sellersville).

*Tragopogon pratensis L. Goat's Beard.

Roadside bank, Blooming Glen (B, May 30, 1923).

^Taraxacum oflcinale W^eber. Common Dandelion.

(Taraxacum Taraxacum of authors.)

Woods, lawns, fields, pastures and waste places ; common.

Bursonville (L) ; Richlandtown (L) ; Doylestown (Me) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; Penns Park (L) ; Fallsington (B).

*Taraxacuin laevigatum (Willd.) DC. Bed-seeded Dandelion.

(T. erythrospermum of Gray's Manual, ed. 7.) Bot. Gaz. Ixx,
350 (1920).

Similar situations as preceding species but much less common.

Deep Run (F) ; Warrington (L) ; New Hope (Sg).

*Sonclius uUginosus Bleb.
Torreya, xxii. 92 (1922).
Old fields, roadsides and waste places ; becoming frequent.

Compositae

309

■1

.^■

4'

«i

It

r

7

Pleasant Valley (B) ; Quakertown (Wi) ; Steinsburg (Wi) ;
Telford (B) ; Fallsington (L) ; Tullytown (B) ; Cornwell (B) ;
Andalusia (Dr).

Adventive from southeastern Europe.

*Sonchus oleraceus L. Common Sow Thistle.

Cultivated ground and waste places ; frequent.
Durham Furnace (R-R) ; Ottsville (L) ; Sellersville (F) ;
Neshaminy (Mc).

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. Spiny-leaved Sow Thistle.

Roadsides and waste places ; occasional.

Buckingham Station (F) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Bristol (B).

*Lactuca scariola L. Peickly Lettuce.

Waste places and railroad ballast; frequent.
Springtown (L) ; Perkasie (F) ; Tullytown (B).

*Lactnca scariola L., var. integrata Gren. & Godr.

(L. virosa of American authors.)

Similar situations; frequent.

Durham Furnace (R-R) ; Perkasie (B) ; Sellersville (F).

Lactuca canadensis L. Wild Lettuce.

{L. canadensis of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, in part.)

For a revision of this species and its varieties, some of which
follow in this list, see Rhodora, xxii. 9-11 (1920).

Edge of woods, clearings and thickets; rare; more common
northward.

Monroe (Rr-R) ; Sellersville (F).

Iiactuca canadensis L., var. latif olia O. Kuntze.

(2y. canadensis of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, in part.)
Similar situations as preceding ; common.
Pleasant Valley (B) ; SheUy (F) ; Perkasie (F) ; Almont (F) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; Brownsburg (B) ; Bristol (Dr).

Lactuca canadensis L., var. integrifolia (Bigel.) Gray.

(L. canadensis, var. montana of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, and L.
sagittifolia Ell.)

310

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Compositae

311

Clearings, thickets and open woods ; occasional.
Buckwampum Mountain (L) ; Almont (F) ; Sellersville (B) ;
Point Pleasant (F) ; (Solebury).

[Lactnca hirsuta Muhl.

A rare plant within the Philadelphia area. It usually occurs
near the coast and southward. There is a Sellersville record but
no material was found.]

Iiactuca viUosa Jacq.

Thickets and borders of woods ; infrequent.
Point Pleasant (L) ; Brownsburg (L).

Lactnca floridana (L.) Gaertn.

Rich soil in moist open places ; occasional.

Pipersville (F) ; Point Pleasant (F) ; Grenoble (L) ; (Argus).

Lactnca spicata (Lam.) Hitchc. Blue Lettuce.

Low open ground and thickets; common.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Ottsville (L) ; Lumberville (L) ;
Aquetong (L) ; Oxford Valley (B) ; Hulmeville (B) ; (Rockhill).

♦Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. Hawk's Beard.
Fields and waste places ; occasional.
Telford (Sm) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Newtown (W. P. Adams).

*Crepis tectomm L.

An introduced weed, Sellersville (F, June, 1888, and July 20,
1888).

Prenantbes alba L. White Lettuce. Eattlesnake Eoot.

(Nahalus alius L.)

Somewhat damp open woods and thickets ; frequent except on

the Coastal Plain.

Monroe (R-R) ; Quakertown (F) ; Rockhill (M) (F) ; Argus
(K) ; Point Pleasant (B) ; Doylestown (Mc) ; Brownsburg (L).

Prenanthes serpentaria Pursh. Lion 's Foot.
{Nabalus serpeniarius of authors.)
Mine Hill, Durham Township (R-R).
A specimen was found labelled *' Bucks County.'' No date

I

i

A

0-1 1-»

^kf

♦ 1*

and no definite locality are given. The specimen has an I. C.
Martindale label but Dr. I. S. Moyer is named as the collector.
In Dr. Moyer 's catalogue he reports it from ** Barrens near Point
Pleasant.'' It seems quite obvious that this is the station from
which this specimen came.

Prenanthes trifoliata (Cass.) Fernald. Gall-op-the-Eaeth.

(Nabalus trifoliatus Cass.)

Woods and thickets usually in damp sandy or gravelly soil;
frequent.

Narrowsville (B) ; Haycock Mountain (B); Rockhill (B) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; Yardley (Me) ; Bristol (B).

Prenanthes altissima L.

(Nabalus altissimus of authors.)

Rich moist woods of the upper districts ; occasional.

Buckwampum Mountain (Rr-R) ; Ottsville (B) ; Rockhill (M)
(F) ; Argus (K) ; Lumberville (L) ; Grier's Corner (Gr) ; Penns
Park (L).

*IIieracinin piloseUa L., var. viride Ser.

Sandy soil, Fallsington (Dr, June 20, 1926).

♦Hieracium aurantiacum L. Orange Hawkweed. Devil's Paint Brush.
Fields, pastures and waste places ; rare.

Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Gardenville (L) ; Neshaminy
(Mc).

♦Hieracium pratense Tausch. King Devil.

Similar situations as preceding species; common.

Upper Black Eddy (T) ; Uhlertown (Me) ; Buckwampum
Mountain (L) ; Pleasant Valley (L) ; Spinnerstown (L) ; Kock-
hill (B) ; Almont (L) ; Sellersville (B) (F) ; Gardenville (L) ;
Neshaminy (Mc) ; New Hope (B) ; Yardley (L) ; Fallsington
(Dr); Bristol (L).

^Hieracium florentinum AU.
A weed in open sterile soil, Tullytown (L, May 24, 1930).

Hieracium venosum L. Kattlesnake Weed.
Dry open woods and thickets; common.

312

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Monroe (E^R) ; Revere (L) ; RockhUl (F) ; Perkasie (F) ;
Bedminster Township (Kr) ; Point Pleasant (L) ; Doylestown
(Me) ; Neshaminy (Mc) ; Aqnetong (K) ; Lahaska (L).

Hieracinm paniculatum L.

Dry open woods and thickets; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Upper Black Eddy (Tr-P) ; Pleasant Valley
(B) ; Sellersville (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Center Bridge (Fi) ;
TuUytown (B) ; Newportville (L).

Hieracium marianum WiUd.

Woods and thickets ; rare.

Perkasie (F, June 17, 1899) ; (Springfield).

Hieracinm scabrum Michx.

Woods, pastures and dry banks; frequent.

Buckwampum Mountain (R-R) ; Haycock Mountain (Mc) ;
Perkasie (B) ; Argus (F) ; Doylestown (Me) ; Furlong (L) ;
Yardley (Me); Bristol (B).

Hieracium Gronovii L.

Dry soil ; frequent.

Monroe (R-R) ; Pleasant Valley (B) ; Finland (L) ; Rockhill
(F) ; Plumsteadville (Dr) ; Roelofs (L).

[Hieracium canadense Michx.

A northern species reported from Riegelsville. No material
was found to cover this record.]

BIBLIOGRAPHY

<♦

V<«|

♦14

"H^-

fit

f

r
f

Bailey, L. H. Manual of Cultivated Plants, New York, 1924.

Bascom, F., Clark, W. B., Darton, N.H., Kummel, H. B., Salisbury, R.D.,
Miller, B. L., and Knapp, G. N. Geological Atlas of the United
States, Philadelphia Folio. United States Geological Survey, Wash-
ington, 1909.

Bascom, F., Clark, W. B., Darton, N. H., Kummel, H. B., Salisbury, R. D.,
and Miller, B. L. Geological Atlas of the United States, Trenton
Folio. United States Geological Survey, Washington, 1909.

Buss, George. Climatological Data for Southeastern Pennsylvania. United
States Weather Bureau, Washington, 1924.

Brainerd, Ezra, and Peitersen, A. K. Blackberries of New England — Their
Classification. Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin
217, Burlington, 1920.

Brainerd, Ezra. Violets of North America. Vermont Agricultural Experi-
ment Station, Bulletin 224, Burlington, 1921.

Britton, N. L., and Brown, H. A. An Illustrated Flora of the Northern
United States, and Canada, and the British Possessions. Ed. 2, New
York, 1913.

Chase, Agnes. The North American Species of Cenchrus. Contributions
from the United States National Herbarium, vol. 22, pt. 2. Wash-
ington, 1920.

Chase, Agnes. The North American Species of Paspalum. Contributions
from the United States National Herbarium, vol. 28, pt. 1. Washing-
ton, 1929.

Coulter, John M., and Rose, J. N. Monograph of the North American
Umbelliferae. Contributions from the United States National Her-
barium, vol. 7, pt. 1. United States Department of Agriculture, Di-
vision of Botany. Washington, 1900.

Davis, William W. H. History of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, New York
1905.

Deam, Charles C. Grasses of Indiana. Department of Conservation, Di-
vision of Forestry. Pub. no. 82, Indianapolis, 1929.

Fogg, John M., Jr. The Flora of the Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts. Con-
tributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, xcL
Cambridge, 1930.

Fretz, Clayton D. Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Appendix to W.
W. H. Davis' History of Bucks County, Pennsylvania. New York,
1905.

Graves, C. B., and others. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of
Connecticut Growing Without Cultivation. Connecticut Geological and
Natural History Survey, Bulletin 14. Hartford, 1910.

313

d^^

314

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Bibliography

315

Haeger, E. B., and others. Additions to the Flora of Connecticut. Supple-
ment to Bulletin 14. Connecticut Geological and Natural History Sur-
vey, Bulletin 48. Hartford, 1930.

Hitchcock, A. S. The Genera of Grasses of the United States. United
States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Bulletin.
772. Washington, 1920.

Hitchcock, A. S., and Standley, P. C. Flora of the District of Columbia and
Vicinity. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium,
vol. 21. Washington, 1919.

Hitchcock, A. S. North American Species of Agrostis. United States
Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Bulletin 68.
Washington, 1905.

Hitchcock, A. S. The North American Species of Aristida. Contributions
from the United States National Herbarium, vol. xxii, pt. 7. Washing-
ton, 1924.

Hitchcock, A. S. Revision of North American Grasses : Isachne, Oplismenus,
Echinochloa and Chaetochloa. Contributiona from the United States
National Herbarium, vol. 22, part 3. Washington, 1920.

Hitchcock, A. S., and Chase, Agnes. The North American Species of Pani-
cum. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, vol.
15. Washington, 1910.

Hitchcock, A. S. The North American Species of Stipa. Contributions
from the United States National Herbarium, vol. xxiv, pt. 7. Wash-
ington, 1925.

House, Homee D. Annotated List of the Ferns and Flowering Plants of
New York State. New York State Museum, Bulletin 254. Albany,
1924.

Keller, Ida A., and Brown, Stewardson. Handbook of the Flora of Phil-
adelphia and Vicinity. Philadelphia, 1905.

Lesley, J. P. A Geological Hand Atlas of the Sixty-seven Counties of Penn-
sylvania. Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania. Harrisburg,
1885.

Long, Bayard. Some Changes in the Aspect of the List of the Philadelphia
Flora, Bartonia vui, pp. 12-32. Philadelphia, 1924.

Long, Bayard. Some Noteworthy Indigenous Species New to the Philadel-
phia Area, Bartonia x, pp. 30-52. Philadelphia, 1929.

Malte, M. O. Commercial Bent Grasses (Agrostis) in Canada. National
Museum of Canada, Annual Report. Ottawa, 1926.

Miller, Benjamin L. Topographic and Geologic Atlas of Pennsylvania,
number 206. Allentown Quadrangle, Pennsylvania Geological Survey.
Harrisburg, 1925.

Miller, Benjamin L. Limestones of Pennsylvania. Topographic and Ge-
ological Survey, Bulletin M 7. Harrisburg, 1925.

Pennell, Francis W. Agalinis and Allies in North America— I. Proceed-
ings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. Lxxx, pp.
339-449. Philadelphia, 1928.

-^K^

\«ij

Pennell, Francis W. Agalinis and Allies in North America— II. Pro-
ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. Ixxxi,
pp. 111-249. Philadelphia, 1929.

Pennell, Francis W. Scrophulariaceae of the Local Flora. Torreya xix:
107-119, 143-152, 161-171, 205-216, 235-242. New York, 1919-1920.

Ppeitper, Norma E. Monograph of Isoetaceae. Reprinted from Annals of
the Missouri Botanical Garden, ix. 79-232. St. Louis, April, 1922.

Piper, Charles V. North American Species of Festuca. Contributions from
the United States National Herbarium, vol. 10. Washington, 1906.

Porter, Thomas C. Flora of Pennsylvania. Edited by John K. Small.
Boston, 1903.

Eehder, Alfred. Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs. New York, 1927.

Robinson, B. L., and Fernald, M. L. Gray's New Manual of Botany. Ed.
7. New York, 1908.

Saiujent, C. S. Some New Species of Crataegus. Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 62, 1910.

Shaw, C. F., McKee, J. M., and Boss, W. G. Reconnaissance Soil Survey of
Southeastern Pennsylvania. United States Department of Agriculture,
Bureau of Soils. Washington, 1914.

Shear, Cornelius L. A Revision of the North American Species of Bromus
occurring North of Mexico. United States Department of Agriculture,
Division of Agrostonomy, Bulletin 23. Washington, 1900.

Shreve, Forrest, Chrysler, M. A., and others. The Plant Life of Mary-
land. Maryland Weather Service, Special Publication, vol. iii. Balti-
more, 1910.

Small, John K. North American Flora, xvii. New York, 1907.

Stone, Witmer. The Plants of Southern New Jersey with Especial Reference
to the Flora of the Pine Barrens, New Jersey State Museum Report.
Trenton, 1910.

Sudworth, George B. Check List of the Forest Trees of the United States,
Their Names and Ranges. United States Department of Agriculture,
Miscellaneous Circular 92. Washington, 1927.

Taylor, Norman. Flora of the Vicinity of New York. Memoirs of New
York Botanical Garden, vol. v. New York, 1915.

Wherry, Edgar T. North Border Relations of the Triassic in Pennsylvania.
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1913.

WiEGAND, K. M., and Eames, A. J. The Flora of the Cayuga Lake Basin, New
York. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, memoir 92.
Ithaca, 1926.

Wight, W. F. Native American Species of Prunus. United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Bulletin 179. Washington, 1915.

;w^

INDEX

Synonyms are in italics. No references are made here to names in gen-
eral discussion.

a

*'':

^.y

■^

^^

s/-

^f

':i

Abutilon 216

Acalypha 208

Acanthaceae 275

Acanthus Family... 275

Acer „ 213

Aceraceae 213

Acerates 250

AchiUea _..... 303

Aenida - 152

Acorus 114

Actaea „ 164

Adam-and-Eve 131

Adder's Mouth 130

Adder's Tongue 49

Family 49

Yellow 121

Adiantum « 43

Adlumia 167

Adopogon „ 308

Aethusa 235

Agalinis „ 272

Agastache 257

Agrimonia - 191

Agrimony 191

Soft 191

Agropyron 66

Agrostemma 155

Agrostis 70

Ailanthus 206

Aira _ 69

Aizoaceae 153

Alder, Black 212

Smooth - 138

Aletris 124

Alfalfa - - 197

Alisma - 58

Alismaceae 58

Allionia _ 152

Allium 120

Alnus 138

Alopecurus - 72

Althaea - 217

Alum Boot 176

Alyssum, Sweet 168

Amaranth 151

Family «...>. 151

Green 151

Thorny 152

Amaranthaceae 151

Amaranthus 151

Amaryllidaceae 125

Amaryllis Family ... 125

Ambrosia „ 298

Amelanchier 180

Amianthium 119

Amorpha 198

Amphicarpa 203

Amygdalus „ 195

Anacardiaceae 211

Anagallis _ 244

Anaphalis 297

Andromeda, Privet 241

Andropogon „ 84

Anemone 162

Bue 162

Wood 162

Anemonella 162

Angelica _ 236

Anonaceae - 164

Antennaria 296

Anthemis 303

Anthoxanthum 75

Anychia 153

Apios 202

Aplectrum 131

Apocynaceae _ 248

Apocynum 248

Apple 180

Wild Balsam 283

Aquifoliaceae 212

Aquilegia 163

Arabia 173

Araceae 114

Aralia - 231

Araliaceae 231

Arctium 306

Arctostaphylos 241

Arenaria - 154

Argemone - 167

Arisaema 114

Aristida 74

Aristolochia 145

Aristolochiaceae 145

Armoracia _ 171

Arrhenatherum 69

317

Arrow Grass Fam-
ily 57

Arrow-head 58

Arrow-leaf 58

Arrow-wood 281

Artemisia 304

Artichoke, Jerusa-
lem 301

Arum, Arrow 114

Family „ 114

Asarum 145

Asclepiadaceae 248

Asclepias „ 248

Ascyrum „ 218

Ash, Black 245

Prickly 206

Bed 245

White _ 244

Asimina 164

Asparagus 122

Aspen, American 134

Large-toothed 134

Asperella 67

Aspidium 46

Asplenium 44, 45

Aster 291

acuminatus „ 295

amethystinua 293

Claytoni 291

cardifolius - 292

divaricatus 291

dumosus 293

ericoides - 293

iniirmus - 295

laevis 293

lateriflorus 294

linariifolius 295

Lowrieanus 292

macrophyllus 291

multiflorus 293

nova-angliae 291

nova-belgii » 294

paniculatus 294

patens 292

phlogifolius 292

prenanthoides 294

puniceus 294

radula 291

ii-i

318

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Index

319

!ii

sagittifolius 293

salicifolius - 294

Shreberi 291

Tradescanti 294

umbellatus - 295

undulatus 292

vimineus 293

Aster, Heath 293

Golden 287

New England 291

Smooth „ 293

Starved 294

White-topped 296

White Wood 291

Athyrium _ 45

Atragene 163

Atriplex - 151

Aureolaria - 272

Avena ~ 69

Avens, Rough - 188

White 188

Yellow - 188

Azalea 239

Balm 260

Balm, Basil 259

Bee - 259

Horse 263

Balm of Gilead 135

Balsam Apple, Wild 283

Balsaminaceae .._ 215

Baneberry, White... 164

Baptisia 195

Barbarea 172

Barberry, Family... 165

Common 165

Bartonia ~ 247

Basil 260

Basswood 216

Batrachium 159

Bayberry 135

Bean, Wild 203

Bearberry - 241

Beard Tongue 267

Beds traw. Northern 277

Sweet-scented 278

Yellow 277

Beech 138

Blue 137

Family „ 138

Water 137

Beechdrops - 275

Beggar Ticks 301

Belamcandra 126

Bellflower 283

Marsh 284

Tall 284

Bellwort, Sessile 120

Perfoliate 120

Benzoin 166

Berberidaceae 165

Berberis 165

Bergamot 259

Betony, Wood 274

Betula 137

Betulaceae 137

Bidens 301

Bignoniaceae 275

Bignonia Family ... 275
Bindweed, Black ... 149

Field 251

Hedge 251

Birch Family 137

Gray 138

River 138

Sweet 137

Yellow - 138

White 138

Bird's Eye 270

Birthwort Family... 145

Bishop's Cap 176

Bitternut „ 136

Bittersweet, Climb-
ing 213

European 263

Blackberry 189

Sand 190

Black-eyed Susan ... 299
Bladder Nut, Amer-
ican 213

Family 213

Bladderwort, Fam-
ily 274

Great 274

Blephariglottis 128

Blite, Strawberry... 150

Blitum - 150

Bloodroot 166

Bluebell 284

Bluebell Family 283

Blueberry, High 242

Low 242

Blue Curls 256

Blue Hearts 273

Bluets 278

Blueweed 255

Boehmeria 144

Boneset 286

Upland 286

Borage Family 253

Boraginaceae 253

Botrychium 49

Bouncing Bet 157

Brachyelytrum 73

Brake, Cliff 43

Brake, Common 43

Brasenia 158

Brassica 169

Brier, Green 124

Saw 124

Brome-grass 60

Bromus 60

Brooklime, Ameri-
can 270

Broom-rape 275

Broom-rape Family 275

Broussonetia 143

Buchnera 273

Buckbean 247

Buckthorn Family... 215

Buckwheat 149

Climbing False ... 149

Family 145

Bugle Weed 262

Bulrush, Great 89

Bunch-flower 120

Bupleurum 235

Bur, Buffalo - 264

Burdock, Common... 306
Burnet, Canadian... 192

Garden 192

Burning Bush 212

Bur Reed, Family... 55

Giant „ 55

Bush Clover, Trail-
ing 200

Butter and Eggs 266

Butterbur 305

Buttercup, Bristly 161

Bulbous 161

Creeping 161

Tall _ 161

Swamp 160

Butterfly Weed 248

Butternut 136

Buttonbush 278

Button Weed 278

Buttonwood 178

Cabbage 170

Skunk 114

Cacalia 305

Calamagrostis 70

Calamus 114

Calico Bush 240

Callirhoe 218

Callitrichaceae 210

Callitriche 210

^ k"

\t

Calopogon 129

Caltha _ 163

Camelina 169

Camomile, Corn 303

German 304

Campanula 283

Campanulaceae 283

Campion, Starry ... 156

White 156

Camptosorus 45

Cancer Root 275

Cannabis 142

Caper Family 174

Capparidaceae 174

Caprifoliaceae 279

Capsella - 169

Cardamine 173

Cardinal Flower 284

Carduus 306

Carex 92

abdita 101

abscondita 103

a^uta - 110

aggregata 93

alata 100

albicans 101

alholutescens 99

aJbursina ., 103

anceps 104

angustior 97

annectens 94

amphibola 106

arctata - 107

Asa-Grayi 113

atlantica 96

Bebbii _ 98

BicknelHi 100

blanda 104

brachyglossa 94

brevier 98

bromoides 96

bullata 112

Bushii 108

Buxbaumii 109

canescens 95

caroliniana 108

cephalantha 97

cephaloidea 94

cephalophora 94

communis 101

comosa 113

conjuncta 94

conoidea 106

convoluta 92

costellata 108

crinita 110

cristata 97

cristatella 97

Davisii 107

debiUs 107

digitalis 103

Emoryi 110

festucacea 99

filiformis Ill

flexuosa 107

foenea 98

folHculata 112

fusca 109

glaucodea 106

Goodenowii 110

Goodenowii 110

gracilescens 105

gracillima 106

granularis 105

Grayi 113

grisea 106

gynandra Ill

Haydeni 110

heterosperma 104

hirsutella 108

hirta Ill

hirtifolia 102

Hitchcockiana 106

hormanthodes 99

Howei 96

hystracina 113

incomperta 97

interior 96

intumescens 113

Jamesii 100

lacustris Ill

laevivaginata 95

lanuginosa Ill

lasiocarpa Ill

laxiculmis 103

laxiflora 105

leptalea 100

leptonervia 104

limosa 109

Lfongii 99

longirostris 107

lupuliformis 113

lupulina 113

lurida 112

Meadii 102

miraMlis 98

monile 112

Muhlenbergia 93

nigro-marginata... 100

normalis 98

oligocarpa 106

pallescens 109

pedicellata 101

pedunculata 102

pennsylvanica 100

plana 93

plantaginea 103

platyphylla 103

polygama 109

polymorpha 102

prasina 107

ptychocarpa 103

puhescens 102

radiata 93

retroflexa 92

retrorsa 112

Richii 99

riparia _ Ill

rosaeoides 96

rosea 92

rostrata 112

rugosperma 101

scabrata 109

scirpoides 96

scoparia 98

seorsa 96

seta^ea 94

Shriveri 105

sparganioides 94

Sprengelii 107

squarrosa 113

stellulata 97

sterilis 96, 97

stipata 95

straminea ~ 99

striatula 105

stricta 109

strictior 109

styloflexa 105

Swanii 108

tenera 99

tetanica 102

tonsa 102

torta 110

tribuloides 97

triceps 108

trichocarpa Ill

uberior 95

umbellata 101

utriculata 112

varia 101

vesicaria 112

vestita Ill

virescens 108

vulpinoidea 94

Willdenowii 100

xanthocarpa 94

Carpet Weed 153

320

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

V

Carpet Weed Fam-
ily „ 153

Carrion Flower 124

Carrot 236

Carpinus 137

Carum. 234

Carya 136

Caryophyllaceao 153

Cashew Family 211

Cassia 195

Castalia 158

Castanea 138

Castilleja 273

Catalpa 275

Catchfly, Sleepy 156

Sweet William ... 156

Catgut 198

Catnip 257

Cat's Ear 307

Cat- tail, Common ... 55

Family 55

Caulophyllum 165

Ceanothus 215

Cedar, Eed 54

White 54

Celandine 166

Celastraceae 212

Celastrus 213

Celtis 142

Cenchrus - 84

Centaurea 307

Cephalanthus 278

Cerastium - 155

Ceratophyllaceae ... 158

Ceratophyllum 158

Cercis 195

Chaenorrhinum 266

Chaerophyllum 233

Chamaecyparis 54

Chamaelirium ^ 119

Chamaenerion ^ 228

Charlock 169

Cheat 60

Checkerberry 241

Cheeses 217

Cheilanthes 43

Chelidonium 166

Chelone 268

Chenopodiaceae 149

Chenopodium 149

Cherry, Choke 193

Fire 194

Ground -...- 264

Sand 194

Sour 194

Sweet 194

Wild Black 193

Chervil, Wild 233

Chess - 60

Chess, WUd 61

Chestnut 138

Chickweed, Common 155

Field 155

Forked 153

Great 154

Marsh 154

Mouse-ear 155

Nodding 155

Chicory 308

Chimaphila 238

Chokeberry 180

Black 180

Christmas Flower ... 163

Chrysanthemum 304

Chrysopsis 287

Chrosperma 119

Chrysosplenium 176

Cichorium 308

Cicuta 234

Cimicifuga 164

Cinna 72

Cinquef oil. Common 187

Silvery 187

Circaea - 230

Cirsium 306

Cistaceae 220

Clammy Cuphea 228

Claytonia _ 157

Clearweed - 144

Cleavers 276

Clematis 163

Purple 163

Cleome - 174

Clethra 238

CUnopodium 260

Clover, Alsike 196

Bush 200

Crimson 196

Hop 197

Low Hop 197

Rabbit-foot 196

Red 196

White 196

Yellow 197

Club-moss Family... 51

Cocklebur 298

Cohosh, Black 164

Blue 165

Colic Root 124

Collinsonia 263

Coltsfoot 304

Columbine, Wild ... 163

Comandra 144

Comfrey, Common... 254

Wild 253

Commelina 116

Commelinaceae 116

Compositae 285

Composite Family... 285
Cone Flower, Tall... 300

Orange 300

Conium 234

Conopholis 275

Conringia ~ 170

Convallaria 123

Convolvulaceae 250

Convolvulus 251

Corallorrhiza 130

Coral Root 130

Coreopsis 301

Corn Cockle 155

Gromwell 254

Salad 282

Squirrel 167

Cornaceae 237

Cornel, Round-
leaved 237

Silky 237

Cornus ~ 237

Corpse Plant 239

Corydalis 167

Corylus 137

Cosmos - 301

Cotoneaster 185

Cotton-wood 135

Cowbane, Spotted ... 234

Cow-herb 157

Cowslip, Virginia... 254

Crab Apple 180

Crab Apple, Amer-
ican 180

Cracca 198

Cranberry 242

Cranesbill, Wild 205

Crassulaceae 175

Crataegus 181

dbjecta 182

alacris „ 184

apposita 182

arcana 184

arcuata 185

austera 184

Calpodendron 182

Canbyi 181

chrysocarpa 182

coccinea 185

ColUnsiana 183

condensa 183

::

t

r

I

cordata 185

Crus-galli 181

cuneiformis 182

deducta 184

delicata 184

deltoides - 184

digna „ 185

dissona 184

Dodgeii - 182

iirma 183

Fretzii 184

Holmesiana 184

in f era 182

jejuna 184

lata „ 183

longipetiolata 183

macrosperma 183

micrantha 182

modica ~ 184

monogyna ^ 185

Moyeriana 183

nemoralis 182

opica - 182

oxycantha 185

pausi€u;a - 182

Phaenopyrum 185

philadelphica 184

populnea 184

Pringlei ~ 185

pruinosa 184

pumila 183

punctata 182

pygnuiea _ 182

radiosa - 182

rivularis 181

roanensis 183

rufipes 183

rugosa 184

Buthiana ^ 184

saturata ^ 183

saxatilis „ 182

scahritLScula 184

Schweinitziana ... 182

Smithii 185

stolonifera .« 184

straminea 182

structilis » 182

succulenta ~ 182

tenella 183

tomentosa 182

uniflora - 185

vilUpes 184

Crepis 310

Cress, Bitter 173

Field - 168

Marsh 171

Index

Mouse-ear 170

Rock 173

Spring 173

Water 171

Winter 172

Yellow 171

Crotalaria 196

Crotonopsis 208

Crowfoot 159

Cursed 159

Family 159

Hooked 160

Small-flowered ... 160

Yellow Water 159

White Water 159

Cruciferae 168

Cryptotaenia 234

Cubelium 222

Cucumber, One

Seeded Bur 283

Cucumber Root, In-
dian 123

Cucumis 283

Cucurbitaceae 283

Cudweed, Low 298

Culver's Root 270

Cunila 261

Cuphea, Clammy 228

Curly-grass Family 48

Currant 177

Buffalo 178

Red 177

Wild Black 177

Cuscuta 251

Custard Apple

Family 164

Cut-grass, Rice 75

Cymbalaria 266

Cynodon 74

Cynoglossum 253

Cynosurus 66

Cynthia 308

Cyperaceae 85

(^perus 85

aristatus 85

dentatus 86

diandrus 85

esculentus - 86

filiculmis 86

flavescens 85

lancastrensis 86

ovularis 86

rivularis 85

strigosus 86

Cypress Vine 250

Cypripedium 127

321

Cystopteris 47

Cytisus 196

Dactylis 66

Daffodil 125

Daisy, Ox-eye 304

Dalibardia 191

Dame's Violet 170

Dandelion 308

Common 308

Red-seeded 308

Danthonia 70

Darnel 68

Bearded 68

Common 68

Dasystoma 272

Datura 265

Daucus 236

Dayflower 116

Decodon 227

Deerberry 242

Delphinium 164

Dennstaedtia 48

Dentaria 172

Deringa 234

Deschampsia 69

Desmodium 198

Devil's Bit 119

Dewberry 190

Diervilla 279

Dianthera 275

Dianthus 157

Dicentra 167

Diclcsonia 48

Digitaria ~ 76

Dilepyrum 73

Diodia 278

Dioscorea 125

Dioscoreaceae 125

Diospyros 244

Dipsacaceae ~ 283

Dipsacus ^ 283

Dirca 227

Dittany 261

Dock, Bitter 146

Butterfly 305

Patience 145

Yellow 146

Dodder, Common 251

Doellingeria 295

Dogbane 248

Family 248

Spreading 248

Dogwood 237

Family 237

Flowering 237

1

I

322 The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Draba - 168 Epipactis ^ 130

Dragon, Green 114 Equisetaceae 50

Dragon Head, Equisetum 50

False 258 Eragrostis 64

Dropseed 73 Erechtites 305

Drosera « - 174 Erianthus 84

Droseraceae 174 Ericaceae 238

Drymocallis 186 Erigeron 295

Dryopteris 45 Eriocaulaceae 115

Duchesnea 186 Eriocaulon 115

Duckweed 115 Eriophorum 90

Family 115 Erodium 206

DuUchium - 87 Eryngium 232

Dusty Miller 304 Erysimum 171

Dutchman's Erythronium 121

Breeches 167 Eupatorium - 285

Euphorbia 209

Ebenaceae 244 Euphorbiaceae 208

Ebony Family 244 Euthamia 291

Echinochloa 83 Evening Primrose... 229

Echinocystis 283

Echinops ~ 306

Echium 255

Eclipta -

Eel Grass 59

Eglantine 192

Elatinaceae 220

Common 229

Family 228

White 230

299 Everlasting 297

Common 297

Pearly 297

Plantain-leaved... 297

Elatine 220 Evonymus 212

Elder, Box 214

Common 282 Fagaceae 138

Red-berried 282 Fagopyrum 149

Elecampane 298 Fagus 138

Eleocharis 87 Falcata 203

acicularis 88 False Mermaid 211

acuminata 88 Family 211

capitata 88 False Spikenard 122

diandra 87 Featherfoil 243

Engelmanni - 87 Fern, Beech 45

intermedia 88 Bladder 47

obtusa - 87

olivacea 87

palustris 87

Smallii 87

tenuis 88

Eleusine 74

Ellisia 253

Elm, American 142

Slippery 141

White 142

Elodea - 59

Elymus 67

Enchanter's Night-
shade 230

Epifagus 275

Epigaea - 241

Epilobium 228

Chain 44

Cinnamon 49

Climbing 48

Christmas 45

Family 43

Goldie's 46

Hairy Lip 43

Hay Scented 48

Interrupted 49

Lady 45

Marginal Shield... 46

Marsh 46

New York 46

Ostrich 48

Rattlesnake 50

Royal 49

Sensitive 48

Sweet 135

Walking 45

Fescue, Meadow 62

Sheep 's 61

Festuca 61

Feverfew ..« 280, 304

Feverwort ~ 280

Figwort 267

Family 265

FDipendula 188

Fimbristylis 88

Fireweed 228, 305

Five-finger ~ 187

Flag, Blue 125

Slender Blue 125

Sweet 114

Yellow 126

Flowering Fern

FamUy 49

Flax, Common 203

Family 203

Fleabane, Daisy 296

Fleur-de-Us 126

Floating Heart 247

Floerkea 211

Flower-of-an-hour ... 218

Flax, False 169

Yellow 204

Fly Poison 119

Forget-me-not 254

Forsythia 245

Foeniculum 235

Four-o'clock Fam-
ily 152

Foxglove ~ 272

Downy False 272

False 272

Smooth False 272

Foxtail, Floating ... 72

Fragaria 186

Fraxinus ~ 244

Frog's Bit Family 59

Frostweed 220

Fumaria ~ 167

Fumariaceae 167

Fumitory 167

Common ...- 167

Family 167

Galinsoga 302

Galium, Aparine ... 276

asprellum 278

boreale 277

circaezans ..- 277

Claytoni - 277

concinnom 278

^■^^M**

*^\^

t>|i

1^

r* '

lanceolatum 277

MoUugo 277

pilosum 277

tinctorum 277

triflorum 278

verum 277

6all-of-the-earth 311

Garlic, Field 121

Wild 120

Gaultheria 241

Gaura 230

Gaylussacia 241

Gemmingia 126

Gentian, Closed 246

Family - 245

Fringed 246

Horse 280

Soapwort 246

Gentiana 246

Gentianaceae 245

Geraniaceae 205

Geranium 205

Family 205

Feather 150

Gerardia 272

Purple 272

Germander, Ameri-
can 255

Geum 188

Gilfola „ 296

Gillenia 179

Gill-over-the-ground 257

Ginger, Wild 145

Ginseng 232

Dwarf 232

Family 231

Glecoma ~ 257

Gleditsia 195

Globeflower 163

Glyceria - 62

Gnaphalium 297

Goat's Beard 308

Rue 198

Golden Alexanders 235

Golden Club 114

Goldenrod 287

Blue-stemmed 288

Early 289

Swamp 289

Golden Seal ~ 164

Gooseberry 177

European 177

Wild 177

Goosefoot 150

Family 149

Maple-leaved 150

Index

Oak-leaved 150

Gourd Family 283

Gramineae 60

Grape, Chicken 216

Frost 216

Northern Fox 215

River-bank 216

Summer 216

Grass, Barnyard 83

Beard 84

Bent 70

Bermuda 74

Black Oat 74

Blue-eyed 126

Brome 60

Canada Blue 63

Canary 75

Cord 74

Cotton 90

Couch „ 66

Crab 76

Dog's Tail 66

Family 60

Finger 76

Fowl Meadow 62

Foxtail 83

Goose 74, 276

Hair 69

Italian Rye 68

Oat 69

of Parnassus 177

Old-witch 77

Orange 220

Orchard 66

Poverty 74

Quack 66

Rattlesnake 62

Reed Canary 75

Reed Meadow 63

Rib 276

Rough-stalked

Meadow 64

Squirrel-tail 68

Star 125

Sweet Vernal 75

Switch 78

Tall Redtop ..~ QQ

Thin 71

Velvet 70

Water Star 117

White 75

Wool - 90

Yellow-eyed 116

Yellow Nut 86

Gratiola 269

Great Willow Herb 228

323

Green, Christmas ... 52

Ground Nut 202

Gum, Sour 237

Gum Tree, Sweet 178

Gymnadeniopsis 128

GyrostOrChys 129

Habenaria 127

Hackberry 142

Hackelia 254

Haloragidaceae 231

Hamamelidaceae ... 178

Hamamelis 178

Hardback 179

Harebell „ 284

Hartmannia 230

Haw, Black 282

Hawk's Beard 310

Hawkweed, Orange 311
Hawthorn, English 185

Hazelnut 137

Beaked 137

Heal-all 257

Heart 's-ease 226

Heath Family 238

Hedeoma 260

Helenium 303

Heleochloa 73

Helianthemum 220

Helianthus 300

Heliopsis 299

Heliotropium 253

Hellebore, Ameri-
can White 120

Green 163

Helleborus 163

Hemerocallis 121

Hemianthus 268

Hemicarpha - 91

Hemlock 54

Ground 53

Poison 234

Water 234

Hemp 142

Indian 248

Hempweed, Climb-
ing 287

Henbane 265

Henbit 258

Hepatica 162

Heracleum 236

Herb Robert 205

Hesperis 170

Heteranthera 117

Heuchera 176

Hibiscus ~ 218

Great 240

Mountain 240

Sheep 240

vood

120

Leersia 75

324 The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

nicoria 136 Impatiens 215 Lady's Thumb 148

SX^ ■:::::::: ISe mdlanHemp 248 I^^^es^ Tresses 130

Pignut 136 Pipe 239 Slender 129

Shiff-bark . 136 Physic - 179 LambkiU 240

^^^.JIIL^n Indi/o, False 198 Lamb 's Quarters 150

Hog Peanut 203 Wild 195 Lamium 258

Holcus 70 Inkberry 212 Laportea 143

hS American 212 Inula...: 298 Lappula 254

Fj^ily 212 lonactis 295 Lapsana 307

Hollyhock '":.:::.: 217 Ipomoea 250 Larkspur 164

Hon^ty 172 Iridaceae 125 Lathyrus 202

Honewort 234 Iris 125 Lauraceae .. 166

Honeysuckle 279 Family 125 Laurel, Family 166

Bugh 279 Ironweed 285

Family 279 Isanthus 255

Japanese 279 Isnardia 228 - „p-

Trumpet 279 Isoetaceae 53 Leatherwood ^^7

Hop, Common 142 Isoetes 53 Lechea . 221

Hornbeam 137 Isotria 129 Leek, Wild

Tree 206 Ivy, Ground 257 Leersia

Hordeum ""'" •• 68 Kenilworth 266 Leguminosae ^ 195

Horehound 257 Poison 212 Lemna 115

-^ater 262 Lemnaceae no

Hornwort 158 Jack-in-the-pulpit 114 Lentibulariaceae 274

Family 158 Jeffersonia 165 Leonurus 258

Horseradish 171 JimsOn Weed^ 265 Lepidium 168

Horsetail, Common... 50 Joe Pye Weed 285 Leptamnium 275

Horse Weed 296 Judas Tree 195 Leptandra 270

Hottonia - 243 Juglandaceae 136 LepUlon ^»e

Hound's Tongue 253 Juglans 136 Lespedeza 200

Houstonia 278 Juncaceae 117 Lettuce Blue 310

Huckleberry, Black 241 Juncaginaceae 57 Prickly

Squaw - 242 Juncoides -.. 119

Humulus 142 Juncus 117

Hyacinth, Grape 122 Juniper, Common 54 Leucothoe - ^40

Hybanthus 222 Juniperus 54 Liatris .... .^ 287

Hydrangea - 177 Licorice, Wild 277

Vild 177 Kalmia 240 Ligustrum 245

Hydrastis' - 164 Kickxia 266 Lilac 245

Hydrocharitaceae 59 King Devil 311 Liliaceae 119

Hydrocotyle - 233 King Nut 136 LUium .... 121

Hydrophyllaceae 253 Kinnikinnik 237 Lily, Blackberry 126

Hydrophyllum 253 Knawel 153 "^"''

Hyoscyamus 265 Kneiffia 229

Hypericaceae 218 Knotweed 146

Hypericum 218 Family - 153

Hypochaeris 307 Japanese 149

Hypopitys 239 Koellia 260

Hypoxis 125 Koniga : 168

Hyssop 260 Krigia 308

p • f 257

Hvssopus ".....*' 260 Labiatae 255 Lily-of-the-Valley 123

:Qistrix - 67 Lacinaria - 287 False 123

jjgx 212 Lactuca 309 Limnanthaceae 211

Illecebraceae 153 Lady's SUpper,Yel-

309

White 310

Wild 309

Day 121

Family 119

Meadow 121

Sweet Water 158

Tiger 121

Turk's-cap 121

White Water 158

Wood 121

Yellow Pond 158

Ilysanthes 269

low

Limnanthemum 247

127 Limodorum 129

Limosella 268

Linaceae 203

Linaria 266

Linden 216

Family 216

Linum 203

Lion's Foot 310

Liparis 131

Liquidambar 178

Liriodendron 164

Lithospermum ..^ 254

Live-forever 175

Liverleaf 162

Lizard's Tail 131

Lobelia - 284

Family 284

Great 284

Lobeliaceae 284

Lobularia - 168

Locust, Black 198

Honey 195

Lolium 68

Lonicera 279

Loosestrife 243

Family 227

Fringed „ 244

Spiked 227

Lopseed - 276

Family 276

Loranthaceae 144

Lotus 198

Lousewort - 274

Ludvigia 228

Lunaria 172

Lupine, Wild 196

Lupinus - 196

Luzula 119

Lychnis 156

Lycium ~ 265

Lycopersicon „ 265

Lycopodiaceae 51

Lycopodium 51

Lycopus 262

Lygodium 48

Lyonia - 240

Lysimachia - 243

Lythraceae 227

Lythrum 227

Madura 143

Madder Family 276

Magnolia ~ 164

Family 164

Laurel 164

Magnoliaceae 164

Maianthemum 123

Index

Malaxis 130

Mallow, Common 217

Family 216

Rose 218

Malus 180

Malva 217

Malvaceae 216

Mandrake 165

Man-of-the-Earth 251

Maple 213

Black Sugar 214

Family 213

Mountain 213

Norway 214

Red - 214

Silver 214

Striped -.. 213

Sugar 214

Marigold, Marsh 163

Marrubium 257

Martynia - 275

Family 275

Martyniaceae 275

Matricaria 304

Matrimony Vine 265

May Apple 165

Mayflower 241

Mayweed „ 303

Meadow Beauty 228

Meadow Rue 161

Early 161

Tall 162

Meadow-sweet 179

Medeola 123

Medicago 197

Medick, Black 197

Meibomia 199

Melampyrum 273

Melanthium 120

Melastoma Family... 228

Melastomaceae 228

Melilotus 197

Melissa - 260

Menispermaceae 165

Menispermum 165

Mentha 262

Menyanthes 247

Mercury, Three-
seeded 208

Mermaid, False 211

False, Family 211

Weed 231

Mertensia - 254

Mesadenia 305

Mezereum Family... 227
Micranthemum 268

325

Micrampelis 283

Microstylis „ 130

Mignonette Family... 174

Mikania 287

Milfoil - 303

Miller, Dusty 304

Millet 84

Milkweed 249

Common 249

Family „ 248

Green 250

Poke 249

Purple _ 249

Swamp 249

Whorled 250

Milkwort 207

Cross-leaved 207

Family _ 207

Orange „ 208

Purple 207

Mimulus 268

Mint, Family 255

Hoary Mountain... 261

Mountain 260

Woolly - 262

Miscanthus „ 84

Mistletoe 144

Family 144

Mitchella 278

Mitella 176

Miterwort - 176

Moccasin Flower 127

Mocker Nut 136

Moehringia 154

MoUugo 153

Monarda — 259

Moneywort 243

Monkey Flower 268

Monotropa 239

Moonseed 165

Family 165

Morning Glory... 250

Common 250

Family 250

Ivy-leaved 250

Morus 143

Moss Pink - 252

Motherwort 258

Mud Plantain 117

Mudwort 268

Muhlenbergia 72

Mulberry 143

Paper - 143

Red 143

White -....-.. 143

Mullein, Common 265

]'

326

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Moth 265

White 265

Muscari ~ — 122

Muskmelon 283

Mustard, Black 170

Family - 168

Hedge 170

Tower - 174

Treacle 170

Tumble 170

Worm-seed 171

Myosotis 254

Myrica 135

Myricaceae 135

Myriophyllum 231

NaJxiliiS 310

Najadaceae 55

Najas 57

Nannyberry 281

Narcissus 125

Poet 's 125

Nasturtium 171

Nepeta 257

Nettle, False 144

Family 141

Horse 264

Spotted Dead 258

Stinging 143

Wood 143

New Jersey Tea 215

Nicandra - 264

Nightshade, Com-
mon 264

Enchanter's 230

Family 263

Nimble Will 73

Nine-bark 178

Nipplewort 307

Nut, Ground 202

Nyctoginaceae 152

Nymphaceae 158

Nymphaea 158

Nymphoides 247

Nymphozanthus 158

Nyssa - 237

Oak, Bear 141

Black Jack 141

Chestnut 139

Jerusalem 150

Mossy Cup 139

Pin - 140

Post - 139

Bed 139

Scarlet 140

Spanish 141

Swamp White 139

White - 139

Willow - 141

Odkesia - 120

Oats 69

Obolaria - 247

Oenothera - 229

Old Woman - 304

Oleaceae 244

Olive Family - 244

Onagra 229

Onagraceae 228

Onoclea - 48

Onosmodium 255

Ophioglossaceae 49

Ophioglossum 49

Opulaster - 178

Orache, Spreading 151

Orange Grass 220

Mock 177

Osage - 143

Orchis 127

Purple Fringed ... 128
Bagged Fringed 128

Showy 127

Yellow Fringed... 128

Orchid Family 127

Orchidaceae 127

Origanum 260

Ornithogalum 122

Orobanchaceae 275

Orobanche - 275

Orontium 114

Orpine Family 175

Oryzopsis 74

Osage Orange 220

Osmorhiza 233

Osmunda 49

Osmundaceae 49

Ostrya 137

Oxalidaceae 204

Oxalis 204

Ox-eye ^ 299

Oxybaphus 152

Oxycoccus 242

Oxypolis 236

Oyster Plant 308

Paint Brush, Dev-
il's 311

Painted Cup, Scar-
let 273

Panax 232

Panicum 77

agrostoides 78

albemarlense 81

anceps 78

annulum 80

Ashei ^ 82

harbulatum ... 79, 80

Boscii 82

capillare 77

clandestinum 82

commutatum 81

decoloratum 82

depauperatum 79

dichotomoflorum... 78

dichotomum 79

H6jlXx\? ••••••••••••• • *

Gattingerl 77

huachVrcae — 80

lanuginosum 81

latifolium 82

Lindheimeri 80

linearifolium 79

longifolium 78

longiligulatum ... 81

lucidum 79

macrocarpon 82

microcarpon 80

nitidum 80

philadelphicum ... 77

polyanthes 81

Porterianum 82

proliferum 78

puhifoUum 82

rostratum — 78

Scribnerianum ... 82
sphaerocarpon ... 81

stipitatum 78

tennesseense 80

unciphyllum 80

verrucosum 77

virgatum 78

Werneri 79

xanthophysum ... 82

Yadkinense 79

Pansy - 226

Wild 227

Papaver 166

Papaveraceae - 166

Papaw 164

Parietaria 144

Parnassia 177

Parsley, Family 232

Fool's - 235

Parsnip, Cow 236

Meadow 235

Water 234

Parthenocissus 215

Partridge Berry 278

KA^

-<)

T'.i

'il

.^.

Partridge Pea 195

Paspalum 76

Pastinaca 236

Peach 195

Pear 179

Pearlwort 154

Pedicularis 274

Pellaea 43

Pellitary 144

Peltandra 114

Pencil Flower 201

Penny Cress 168

Pennyroyal, Amer-
ican 260

False 255

Pennywort 247

Water 233

Penstemon 267

Penthorum 175

Pentstemon - 267

Pepper Family 131

Pepperbush, Sweet 238
Peppergrass, Wild 168

Peppermint 263

Peramium 130

Perilla 263

Periwinkle 248

Persimmon 244

Petasites 305

Petunia ' 265

Phacelia 253

Phalaris - 75

Phaseolus 203

Phegopteris 45

Philadelphus 177

Phleum 72

Phlox - 252

Downy 252

Family 252

Garden 252

Phoradendron 144

Phryma 276

Phrymaceae 276

Physalis - 264

Physalodes 264

Physocarpus 178

Physostegia 258

Phytolacca 152

Phytolaccaceae 152

Pickerel-weed - 116

Family 116

Pieris 240

Pigweed 151

Pilea 144

Pimpernel 235

False 269

Index

Scarlet 244

Water „ 243

Pimpinella 235

Pinaceae 54

Pine Family 54

Ground 52

Pitch 54

Running 52

Scrub 54

Whit© 54

Pineapple Weed 304

Pinesap „ 239

Pink, Deptford 157

Family 153

Moss 252

Mullein 156

Pinus - ., 54

Pinweed 221

Beach 221

Pinxter Flower 239

Piperaceae 131

Pipe wort Family ... 115

Pipsissewa 238

Plane Tree Family 178

Plantaginaceae -.. 276

Plantago 276

Plantain 276

Family 276

Indian 305

Mud - 117

Rattlesnake 130

Robin's 295

Platanaceae 178

Platanus 178

Pleurisy-root - 248

Pluchea 296

Plum, Beach 194

Garden 194

Wild 194

Poa 63

Podophyllum 165

Podostemaceae 175

Podostemum 175

Pogonia 129

Nodding 129

Rose - 129

Pokeweed 152

Family 152

Polemoniaceao 252

Polemonium 252

Polycodium 242

Polygala - 207

Polygalaceae 207

Polygonaceae 145

Polygonatum 123

Polygonum 146

327

Polypodiaceae 43

Polypodium 43

Polypody 43

Polypogon 72

Polystichum 45

Pond Lily 158

Small 158

Yellow 158

Pondweed Family ... 55

Pontederia 116

Pontederiaceae 116

Poor Man's Weath-
erglass 244

Poplar - 134

Lombardy 135

White 134

Poppy, Common 166

Family 166

Mexican > 167

Populus 134

Porterantherus 179

Portulaca 157

Garden 157

Portulacaceae 157

Potamogeton 55

Potentilla 186

Prenanthes 310

Primrose Family ... 243

Primulaceae 243

Prince's Feather ... 148

Privet 245

Proserpinaca 231

Prunella 258

Prunus 193

Psedera 215

Ptelea 206

Pteretis 48

Pteridium 43

Pteris 43

Ptilimnium 234

Pulse Family 195

Purslane, Common 157

Family 157

Milk 209

Water 228

Pussy's Toes 297

Puttyroot 131

Pycnanthemum 260

Pyrola 238

Pyrus - 179

Quassia Family 206

Queen of the

Prairie 188

Quillwort Family 53

Quercitron 140

Quercus 139

328

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvanm

Index

329

Badicula 171

Radish - 169

Wild 169

Ragweed, Great 298

Ragwort, Golden ... 305

Ranunculaceae 159

Ranunculus 159

Rape 170

Raphanus 169

Raspberry, Black ... 189

Dwarf 18P

Purple Flower-
ing 189

Red 188

Rattle-box 196

Rattlesnake Root ... 310
Rattlesnake Weed... 311

Redbud - 195

Reseda 174

Resedaceae 174

Rhamnaceae ~.« 215

Rhexia 228

Rhododendron 239

Rhus 211

Ribes 177

Rice, Wild 75

Richweed 144

Riverweed 175

Family 175

Robinia 198

Rock Rose Family... 220

Roripa - 171

Rosa 192

Rosaceae - 178

Rose, Dog 192

Dwarf 192

Family 178

Rose of Sharon 218

Roseroot 175

Rotala - 227

Rubiaceae 276

Rubus 188

allegheniensis 189

americanus 189

argutus 189

Baileyanus 191

cuneifolius 190

flagellaris 190

frondosus 189

hispidus 190

idaeus 188

lacustris 190

nigricans 190

nigrohaccus - 189

occidentalis 189

odoratus 189

phoenicolasius ... 189 Sarothra 220

procumbens 190 Sarsaparilla, Wild... 231

pubescens 189 Sassafras 166

Randii 190 Satureja 260

setosus 190 Saururus ~ 131

strigosus ~ 188 Saxifraga 176

tardatus 190 Saxifragaceae 176

triflorus 189 Saxifrage, Early ... 176

villosus 190 Family 176

Rudbeckia 299 Golden 176

Rue Family 206 Swamp 176

Rumex 145 Scheuchzeria 57

Rush, Beak 91 Schizaeaceae 48

Family -....- 117 Scirpus ~ 88

Forked - 117 Scleranthus 153

Path 117 Scleria 91

Scouring 51 Scorpion Grass 254

Spike - 87 Scrophularia 267

Toad 117 Scrophulariaceae ... 265

Wood 119 Scutellaria 256

Rutabaga 170 Secale 66

Rutaceae 206 Sedge Family 85

Rye ~ 66 Tussock - 109

Wild 67 Sedum 175

Rynchospora 91 Seed Box 228

Selaginella ~ 52

Sabatia 245 Family 52

Sage, Lyre-leaved ... 259 Selaginellaceae 52

Sagina 154 Senecio 305

Sagittaria 58 Senna, Wild - 195

St. Andrew's Cross 218 Sensitive Plant,

St. John 's-wort 218 Wild 195

Common 218 Serapis 129

Family 218 Sericocarpus 296

Great 218 Service Berry 180

Marsh - 220 Setaria 83

Shrubby 219 Shad Bush 180

Spotted 219 Sheepberry 281

St. Peter 's-wort 218 Shepherd's Purse ... 169

Salicaceae 131 Shin Leaf 238

Salix 131 Sickle-pod - 174

Salsify 308 Sicyoe 283

Salsola 151 Sida 217

Salvia - ~ 259 feilene 156

Sambucus 282 Simarubaceae 206

Samolus -.. 243 Sinapis 169

Sandalwood Family 144 Sisymbrium 170

Sandbur 84 Sisyrinchium 126

Sandwort, Rock 154 Slum 234

Thyme-leaved 154 Skullcap, Hooded ... 256

Sanguinaria 166 Mad Dog 256

Sanguisorbia 192 Smartweed 147

Sanicle - - 232 Water 148

Sanicula - 232 Smilacina 122

Santalaceae 144 Smilax 124

Saponaria - 157 Snakeroot, Black 164

4lt

•^'1^

l-^VIk*

*{

■%'ir

Button 287 Speeularia 283 Dwarf _ 211

Seneca 207 Speedwell, Common 271 Poison „ 211

Virginia 145 Corn 271 Staghom 211

White 287 Marsh 270 Sundew, Family 174

Sneezeweed -.. 303 Thyme-leaved 271 Eound-leayed 174

Purple 303 Water 270 Spatulate-leaved .. 174

Snowberry 280 Spergularia 153 Sundrops, Common 230

Snow-on-the-Moun- Sphenopholis 69 Sunflower, Common 300

tain 209 Spice Bush 166 %Y''^'P, |S^

Soapwort 157 Spider-flower 174 Tickseed 302

Solanaceae 263 Spiderwort Family 116 1^^* ^^^ " \l^

Solanum 263 Spikenard 231 fweetbrier 192

Solidago 287 False 122 Sweet ftcely 233

altissima 290 Spindle Tree, Euro- ^^^ ,^°^«' \ll

arffuta 289 pean 213 White 197

^^S^^ ^11 RniraM. 179 Yellow 197

^P«/" Ill |^;t!^he, " 129 Sweet Gale Family 135

Sr ...:.:.:::.:.:. 288 &r ...:::::: iis |weet pepperbush.. 238

canadensis 290 Spleenwort, Ebony 44 Sw^t William 157

fiexicaulis 288 Bporobolus 73 Wild ^s^

giaminifolia 291 Spring Beauty 157 Sycamore ._ 178

hispida 288 Spurge, Cypress 210 Symphoricarpos 280

iuncea 289 Family 208 Symphytum 254

latifolia 288 Flowering 209 |y^Pl°«^P»« ^^*

neglecta 289 Mole - 210 Syringa 245

nemoralis 290 Squaw Root 275

. odora 289 Stachys 258 Taenidia 235

patula - 289 Staff Tree FamUy ... 212 Tanacetum 304

puberula 288 Stagger-bush 240 Tansy 304

rigida 290 Staphylea 213 Taraxacum 308

r^osa 289 Staphyleaceae 213 Taxaeeae 53

smrervirens 289 Starflower 244 Taxus^ ad

sroUnT 290 Star Grass 125 Tea Mexican 149

sSa :.:...'. 288 Star-of -Bethlehem .. 122 New Jersey 215

sq^rrosa 287 Steeplebush 179 Oswego 259

suaveolens 289 Steironema 244 Teaberry .241

suaveoiens stpllaria 154 Tear-thumb, Ar-

tenuifoha 291 btellana lo* row-leaved 149

nlmifolia 289 Stenophragma 170 „ ,, , , , , .a

Solomon '8 Seal 123 StenophyUus 88 Halberd-leaved .. 148

aoiomon oe ^^^ stiP.kaleed 254 Teasel, Family 283

Wild 283

Small 123 Stipa 74

SonSms 308 Stonecrop 175 Tecoma 275

iorgSastrum 85 Ditch 175 Tephrosia 198

Ir'ijumT.:::: 237 S^^orZ:.:.... 263 ThaUctrum 161

Sow Thistle 309 StorksbiU 206 Thaspium 235

Common 309 Strawberry 186 Thelypteris 45

Sy-leaved 309 Barren 186 Thistle Bull 306

Spa?ganiaceae 55 Bush ^ .^ 213 Canada 307

Sparganium 55 European Wood ... 186

Spartina 74 Indian 186

Spatterdock 158 Strophostyles 203

Spearmint 262 Stylosanthes 201

Spearwort, Water Sugarberry .._ 142

Plantain 159 Sumac 211

Common 306

Globe 306

Pasture 307

Russian 309

Sow 309

Star 307

330

The Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

i

Swamp 306

Thlaspi 168

Thorn, Cockspur 181

Thorough-wax 235

Thoroughwort 286

Thyme 261

Thymelaeaceae 227

Thymus 261

Tick-trefoil 199

Hoary 199

Showy - 200

Smooth 199

Tilia 216

Tiliaceae 216

TiUaea - 175

Timothy 72

Tissa 153

Toad-flax, Bastard 144

Tobacco, Indian 285

Tobacco, Ladies* ... 297

Tomanthera 273

Tomato ~ 265

Toothwort 172, 173

Touch-me-not 215

Family 215

Pale - 215

Spotted - 215

Tradescantia 116

Tragopogon 308

Trailing Arbutus ... 241

Tree of Heaven 206

Triadenum 220

Trichostema 256

Tricuspis - 66

Tridens 66

Trientalis 243

Trifolium 196

Trillium 124

Triodia 66

Triosteum 280

Triphora 129

Trisetum 69

Triticum - 68

Trollius 163

Trumpet Creeper ... 275

Trumpet Flower 275

Tsuga 54

Tulip Tree - 164

Tulipa - 122

Tumble Weed 152

Turnip 170

Turtlehead 268

Tussilago* ~ 304

Twayblade - 131

Twinleaf 165

Typha - 55

Typhaceae 55

Ulmaria -.. 188

Ulmus - 141

UmbelUferae 232

Unicorn Plant 275

Unifolium 123

Uniola 66

Urtica 143

Urticaceae - 141

Urticastrum 143

Utricularia 274

Uvularia - 120

Vaccaria - 157

Vaccinium 242

Vagnera 122

Valerian, Family ... 282

Greek 252

Valerianaceae 282

Valerianella 282

Vallisneria 59

Venus' Looking

Glass 283

Veratrum 120

Verbascum 265

Verbena 255

Verbenaceae 255

Vernonia 285

Veronica 270

Veronicastrum 270

Vervain, Blue 255

Family - 255

White 255

Vetch, Cow 202

Hairy 202

Winter 202

Viburnum 280

Maple-leaved 280

Vicia 201

Vinca -...- 248

Vine Family 215

Viola, affinis 222

Angellae 223

blanda 225

hlanda 225

Brittoniana 224

canadensis 226

conspersa ~ 226

cucullata 222

domestica 223

emarginata 224

eriocarpa -.. 225

fimbriatula 224

hirsutula 224

Idbradorica 226

lanceolata 224

Le Conteana 225

odorata 225

pallens 225

palmata 223

papilionacea 222

pedata 222

primulifolia 224

pubescens 225

Rafinesquii 227

rostrata 226

rotundifolia 225

sagittata 224

scahriuscula 225

septemloha 223

sororia - 223

Stoneana ^ 223

striata 226

tricolor 226

triloba 223

villosa 224

Violaceae 222

Violet, Bird-foot ... 222

Canada 226

Creamy 226

Dame's 170

Dog 226

Downy Yellow 225

Early Yellow 225

Family - 222

Green 222

Hooded Blue 222

Lance-leaved 224

Long-spurred 226

Marsh Blue 222

Primrose-leaved ... 224

Round-leaved 224

Southern Wood ... 224

Sweet White 225

Virginia Creeper 215

Virginia Bower 163

Vitaceae 215

Vitis 215

Waahoo 212

Wake Robin 124

Waldsteinia 186

Walnut 136

Black 136

Family 136

White ...- 136

Washingtonia 233

Water Hemp 152

Lily Family 158

Milfoil 231

MilfoU Family ... 231
Pepper 147

Index

331

Pepper, Mild 148

Plantain 59

Plantain Family 58

Purslane 228

Shield - 158

Starwort 210

Starwort Family 210

Willow - 227

Waterleaf 253

Fteunily 253

Water-weed - 59

Waterwort ~ 220

Family 220

Wheat 68

Cow 273

Whitlow Grass 168

Wild Potato Vine ... 251

Willow 131

Bay-leaved 131

Black 131

Crack 132

Dwarf Gray 133

Family 131

Glaucous ~ 133

Goat 134

Prairie — -~ 133

Sand Bar 132

Shining 132

Silky 133

WatAr 227

Weeping _ 132

White - 132

Willow Herb 228

Great 228

Wineberry 189

Winterberry 212

Smooth 212

Wintergreen 239

Flowering 207

Spotted — 238

Witch-hazel - 178

Family 178

Withe-rod 281

Wolffia 115

Wood Sorrel 204

Creeping Yellow 205

Family 204

Violet ~ 204

YeUow ~ 204

Woodsia 48

Woodwardia 44

Wormwood, Roman

298, 304
Woimdwort 259

Xanthium 298

Xolisma 241

Xyridaceae 116

Xyris 116

Yam Family 125

Yam Root, Wild ... 125
Yarrow, Common .. 303
YeUow-eyed Grass... 116

Family 116

Yellow Rocket 172

Yew, American 53

J'amily 53

Zannichellia 57

Zanthoxylum 206

Zizania — 75

Zizia 235

f^4

• 1

1 1