Number 491 18 June 2001 KJH Contributions IN Science A New Deep-Water Genus and Species of Fabriciinae Fanworm (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) from Antarctica Kirk Fitzhugh Serial Publications OL THE Natural History Museum ol Los Angeles County Scientific Publications Committee John Heyning, Deputy Director for Research and Collections John M. Harris, Committee Chairman Brian V. Brown Kenneth E. Campbell Kirk Fitzhugh Karen Wise K. Victoria Brown, Managing Editor The scientific publications of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County have been issued at irregular in- tervals in three major series; the issues in each series are numbered individually, and numbers run consecutively, re- gardless of the subject matter. # Contributions in Science, a miscellaneous series of tech- nical papers describing original research in the life and earth sciences. # Science Bulletin, a miscellaneous series of monographs describing original research in the life and earth sci- ences. This series was discontinued in 1978 with the issue of Numbers 29 and 30; monographs are now published by the Museum in Contributions in Science. # Science Series, long articles and collections of papers on natural history topics. Copies of the publications in these series are sold through the Museum Book Shop. A catalog is available on request. The Museum also publishes Technical Reports, a miscel- laneous series containing information relative to scholarly inquiry and collections but not reporting the results of original research. Issue is authorized by the Museum’s Sci- entific Publications Committee; however, manuscripts do not receive anonymous peer review. Individual Technical Reports may be obtained from the relevant Section of the Museum. Natural History Museum OF Los Angeles County 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles, California 90007 Printed at Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas ISSN 0459-8113 A New Deep-Water Genus and Species oe Fabriciinae Fanworm (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) erom Antarctica Kirk Fitzhugh^ ABSTRACT. A new Fabriciinae fanworm genus and species, Raficiba barryi, continental slope depth (318-335 m) off Antarctica is described. The species is the first in the subfamily to be described from this region, as well as the first species known to occur at a depth beyond the continental shelf. Raficiba is most similar to Fabricia Blainville, Rarafabricia Fitzhugh, and Brifacia Fitzhugh in having well-developed bran- chial crown dorsal lips distinct from the dorsal radioles, absence of ventral filamentous appendages, and an anterior peristomial ring collar developed as a ventral lobe. Features distinguishing Raficiba from these genera include shapes of the branchial lobes and collar, the distribution of inferior thoracic pseudospatulate notosetae, and dentition in thoracic neuropodial tincini. A revised key to Fabriciinae genera is provided. INTRODUCTION The records of Fabriciinae sabellids {sensu Fitz- hugh, 1991a) from Antarctic waters are few, prob- ably in part because of the small body size of spec- imens, the greater tendency for species to occur only in intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats, and the relatively infrequent sampling of benthic habi- tats around Antarctica. Of those taxa that have been reported, their assignment to the Fabriciinae is questionable. For instance, Ehlers (1913; see also Fiartman, 1966) reported the occurrence of Fabri- cia stellaris (Muller) (as F. sabella (Ehrenberg)) from the Bale de I’Observatoire, Kerguelen Islands, Indian Ocean (approximately 50°S, 70°E). Ehlers’ identification of this species is highly dubious in that he described specimens having multiple eye- spots on the pygidium, which is not typical of F. stellaris, not to mention that the species has only been reliably documented from the North Atlantic (Fitzhugh, 1990a). When present, pygidial eyespots in individuals of the Fabriciinae usually occur as a single pair; only rarely are dispersed eyespots seen (e.g., Fseudofabriciola longipyga Fitzhugh, Gian- grande, and Simboura, 1994: fig. 6B, C; Fitzhugh, pers. obs.). It is likely that Ehlers’ specimens belong in the Sabellinae. Ehlers (1913) also reported spec- imens identified only as Fabricia sp. off the Wilhelm II Coast of Antarctica, Indian Ocean, from 380 to 385 m. Unfortunately, he provided no description of the specimens. Fiartman (1967) reported the occurrence of Fa- bricia stellaris (as F. sabella) off the Antarctic Pen- insula from 69 m depth. She also recorded several unidentified specimens as Fabricia sp. from 641 m 1. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Research and Collections, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, Califor- nia 90007. Email kfitzhug@nhm.org in the Drake Passage and from the “shore” on the Antarctic Peninsula. In the same study, Fiartman also classified several specimens in Fabricia sp. from 81 m in the Strait of Magellan, South Amer- ica, and from 101 to 119 m off the Falkland Is- lands. Unfortunately, Fiartman provided no de- scriptions of the specimens. The present report describes a new Fabriciinae genus and species from the Ross Sea, off Antarctica. This description raises the number of described genera in the subfamily to 14. In addition to the genus described herein, five other Fabriciinae gen- era are monotypic: Fabricia Blainville {F. stellaris (Muller); Fitzhugh, 1990a); Monroika Fiartman, 1951 (M. africana (Monro)); Pseudofabricia Can- tone, 1972 (F. aberrans); Parafabricia Fitzhugh, 1992 (F. ventricingulata)-, and Brifacia Fitzhugh, 1998 {B. metastellaris). While only one species has been formally described in Brandtika Jones, 1974 (F. asiatica), Jones (1974) provided a partial de- scription of what he considered an additional, un- named species. All specimens in the type series have been depos- ited in the Allan Hancock Foundation Polychaete Collection of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History (LACM-AHF). SYSTEMATICS Family Sabellidae Latreille, 1825 Subfamily Fabriciinae Rioja, 1923 Raficiba n. gen. TYPE SPECIES. Raficiba barryi, new species, by original designation. DIAGNOSIS. Small-bodied fabriciin species with 8 thoracic and 3 abdominal setigers. Branchial crown with 3 pairs of radioles; distal ends of ra- dioles filamentous, about same width as pinnules. Contributions in Science, Number 491, pp. 1-8 Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 2001 dorsal ABC Figure 1 Schematic arrangements of branchial crown structures in some Fabriciinae genera, showing relative positions of radioles, dorsal lips, ventral filamentous appendages, and branchial lobes adjacent to the ventral margins of dorsal lips. Dashed line denotes anterior peristomial ring collar. A, very narrow branchial lobes extending from ventral margins of well- developed dorsal lips, typical of Fabricia, Parafabricia, Brifacia, and some Fabricinuda; B, elongate branchial lobes extending from ventral margins of well-developed dorsal lips, as seen in Raficiba barryi; C, elongate branchial lobes extending from ventral margins of well-developed dorsal lips to ventral filamentous appendages, seen in Aiigeneriella, Pseudofabricia, and Pseitdoaiigeneriella. Abbreviations: bl, branchial lobe; dl, dorsal lip; r^_3, radioles; vfa, ventral filamentous appendages Pinnules terminate at same height as radioles. Dor- sal lips erect, well developed; branchial lobes ad- jacent to ventral margin of each lip extended as distinct, thin, membranous flap. Ventral lips and ventral filamentous appendages absent. Branchial lobes only slightly narrower than peristomium; point of attachment to peristomium wide. Branchi- al hearts present. Anterior margin of anterior peri- stomial ring a low ridge dorsally and laterally; ven- trally as very elongate, scoop-shaped lobe. Anterior peristomial ring, excluding collar, wider than long. Annulation between anterior and posterior peristo- mial rings distinct dorsally and laterally. Peristo- mial eyes black, reniform to round; pygidial eyes black, round. Superior thoracic notosetae elongate, narrowly hooded. Inferior thoracic notosetae in se- tigers 2-8 pseudospatulate. Thoracic uncini acicu- lar; main fang slender, single large tooth situated medially over main fang followed by 4-5 arching rows of smaller teeth. Abdominal uncini as rasp- shaped plates; manubrium about same length as dentate region; dentate region with 15-17 rows of teeth, 5-6 teeth per row. Abdominal neurosetae very elongate, narrowly hooded. Body wall pig- mentation absent. Males with spermiogenesis oc- curring in setigers 6-8; females with oocytes in se- tiger 4. REMARKS. Individuals in Raficiba exhibit at least three features that are unique among Fabrici- inae sabellids: 1) branchial lobes ventral to dorsal lips extended as membranous flaps; 2) elongate, scooplike shape of the ventral collar lobe, and 3) dentition above the main fang of thoracic uncini. A possible additional diagnostic feature might be the occurrence of thoracic pseudospatulate setae in setigers 2-8. As is typical of most specimens in the Fabriciinae, individuals in Raficiba have erect, distally rounded dorsal lips that are well separated from the dorsal- most radioles. The main exceptions to this include some species in Pseudofabriciola Fitzhugh, 1990b, and all species in Novafabricia Fitzhugh, 1990b, where the dorsal lips are in the form of low, round- ed ridges fused to some extent with the dorsalmost radioles. In either case, the branchial lobes extend from the ventral margins of the dorsal lips as nar- row, vertical or slightly oblique shelves (Fig. lA), except when ventral filamentous appendages are present. In the case of the latter, the ventral exten- sions of the lobes are more pronounced to accom- modate the filamentous appendages, which are lo- cated ventral to the lips (Fig. 1C). The condition of the branchial lobes ventral to the dorsal lips in Raf- iciba most closely resembles that of species with ventral filamentous appendages, except that ap- pendages are absent. As a result, the branchial lobe margins form high, well-developed flaps which ex- tend to near the ventral margin of the crown. Raficiba resembles Augeneriella Banse, 1957, Novafabricia, Brifacia, and Pseudoaugeneriella Fitzhugh, 1998 (Fitzhugh, 1999), in that each has an anterior peristomial ring collar developed ven- trally as a lobelike extension. However, this ventral lobe in Raficiba specimens is much more elongate 2 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 491 Fitzhugh: Antarctic Fanworms and scoop-shaped in comparison to what is seen in individuals in other genera. Two species which come closest to having similar ventral lobes are N. brunnea (Hartman, 1969) and Parafabricia ventri- cingulata Fitzhugh, 1992. The lobes in N. brunnea and P. ventricingulata are not nearly as pro- nounced, being about as wide as long (Fitzhugh, 1990a: figs. 2, 3; Fitzhugh, 1992: fig. 2A; Fitzhugh, 1993: fig. 1), whereas in Raficiba specimens the lobe is about two-thirds longer than wide. In a review of the dentition patterns among Fa- briciinae thoracic neuropodial uncini, Fitzhugh (1998: figs. 15, 16) identified three types: 1) a series of uniformly small teeth above the main fang; 2) teeth gradually decrease in size away from the main fang; and 3) a large tooth slightly offset from the midline of the main fang, followed by a series of smaller teeth. The dentition in specimens of Rafi- ciba are of a fourth type: a single large tooth above the midline of the main fang, followed by a series of smaller teeth. This arrangement is similar to what has been observed in some species of Amphi- corina Claparede, for example, A. brevicollaris (Rouse, 1990: fig. 3f-g). In his original description of Pabriciola mossambica (now Augeneriella mos- sambica, see Fitzhugh, 1991b), Day (1957: fig. 8m; see also Day, 1967: fig. 37. He) incorrectly illustrated a thoracic uncinus with a single large tooth over the midline of the main fang (Fitzhugh, 1991b). The distribution of thoracic pseudospatulate se- tae in setigers 2-8 in Raficiba specimens might be unique among Fabriciinae taxa. A possible excep- tion is Brandtika asiatica, which Jones (1974) de- scribed as having pseudospatulates in setigers 2-8. I have not examined the available material of this species to determine if this is the actual distribution. Among other genera with species with pseudospa- tulates, none have a distribution in setigers 2-8: Manayunkia Leidy, 1859 (usually setigers 2-5 or absent; Rouse, 1996; pers. obs.); Monroika (setig- ers 3-5, contra Jones, 1974; Fitzhugh, 1992), Au- generiella (setigers 3-6 or 3-7; Fitzhugh, 1990c, 1991b); Novafabricia (setigers 3-5, 3-6, 3-7, or absent; Fitzhugh, 1990b, 1993, 1998; Martin and Giangrande, 1991); Fabricinuda Fitzhugh, 1990d (setigers 3-8; Fitzhugh, 2001); Pseudoaugeneriella (setigers 3-6; Fitzhugh, 1998, 1999); Brifacia (se- tigers 3-7; Fitzhugh, 1998); Fabricia (setigers 3-7; Fitzhugh, 1990a); and Parafabricia (setigers 3-7; Fitzhugh, 1992). The cladistic relationships of Raficiba to other Fabriciinae genera are unsettled. The results of a cladistic analysis including Raficiba are presented in Fitzhugh (2001). The most significant problem is that in recent analyses (Fitzhugh, 1998, 1999), with the inclusion of additional species and genera, re- sults allow for several genera to be either mono- phyletic or paraphyletic. These genera include Fa- briciola, Augeneriella, and Novafabricia. Similar results have been obtained with the inclusion of Raf- iciba (Fitzhugh, 2001). As a result, insights into the relationships of Raficiba to other genera are ex- tremely limited at this time. Comments on the depth of occurrence of this ge- nus relative to what is known for other Fabriciinae genera are provided under the remarks on the type species. ETYMOLOGY. The name of the genus is an an- agram of Fabricia Blainville. Raficiba barryi n. sp. Figures 2-4 MATERIAL EXAMINED. Pacific Ocean, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Holotype: LACM-AHF 1972, MBARI sta. NBP 96-6-093, subcore 5, depth 318 m, 75°30.0'S, 175;°0.DE, coll. J. Barry, 3 January 1997. Paratypes: LACM-AHF 1973, same locality as holotype; 3 complete specimens with branchial crowns, 1 incomplete specimen with branchial crown and 2 thoracic setigers, 1 specimen complete except for missing branchial crown, 2 posterior fragments with several thoracic and all abdominal setigers. Paratypes: LACM-AHF 1974, MBARI sta. NBP 96-6-098, depth 335 m, 75;°0.0'S, 170; °14.6'E, coll. J. Barry, 4 January 1997; 3 complete specimens with branchial crowns, 1 posterior frag- ment with 5 thoracic and 3 abdominal setigers. DESCRIPTION. Holotype a complete male with 8 thoracic and 3 abdominal setigers. Branchial crown length 0.90 mm, remainder of body 2.60 mm long, maximum width 0.25 mm. Body slender, nearly uniform in width except for slight tapering posteriorly (Fig. Ik). Branchial crown with 3 pairs of radioles, distal ends filamentous, same width as pinnules. Dorsalmost radioles with 5-6 pairs of pinnules, ventralmost radioles with 4 pairs, all ter- minating at about same height as ends of radioles. Dorsal lips erect, distally rounded and highest near dorsal margin, distinct from dorsalmost radioles (Figs. 2B, 3A). Branchial lobes adjacent to ventral margins of dorsal lips extend to ventral crown mar- gins as prominent, membranous flaps (Figs. 2B, 3B). Low, distally rounded, ventral liplike process present at base of proximalmost pinnule of ven- tralmost radioles (Fig. 2B). Ventral filamentous ap- pendages absent. Dorsal margins of branchial lobes not fused to one another. Branchial hearts present (Figs. 2, 3B). Anterior margin of anterior peristo- mial ring a low ridge dorsally and laterally; no mid- dorsal gap (Figs. 2A, 3A-B). Ventral margin of an- terior peristomial ring with prominent, broadly rounded, scoop-shaped collar (Figs. 2A, 3); about same length as posterior peristomial ring and seti- ger 1 combined, nearly uniform on width; inner basal margin of collar adjacent to branchial crown fused with a distally rounded lobe about one-third height of collar (Fig. 3), with base of collar having a more thickened appearance. Middorsal medial lobe just dorsal to mouth about one-third height of collar (Fig 3A). Pair of round black eyes near an- terior margin of posterior peristomial ring (Figs. 2A, 3A-B). Setiger 1 nearly two times longer than Contributions in Science, Number 491 Fitzhugh: Antarctic Fanworms ■ 3 Figure 2 Raficiba barryi n. gen., n. sp. A, entire animal, lateral view (holotype, LACM-AHF 1972); B, right half of branchial crown, inner view; arrows indicate ventralmost border of branchial lobe adjacent to ventral margin of dorsal lip (paratype, LACM-AHF 1973). Abbreviations: bh, branchial heart; c, anterior peristomial ring collar; dl, dorsal lip; vl, ventral liplike process posterior peristomial ring (slightly shorter in some paratypes), wider than long; setigers 2-8 each about same length as setiger 1 or slightly longer. Setiger 9 about one-half length of thoracic setigers, with setigers 10-11 each slightly shorter than 9. Pygidium about same length as setiger 11, posterior margin slightly tapered, rounded. Pair of round, black pygidial eyes (Fig. 2A). Superior thoracic no- tosetae elongate, narrowly hooded, 4-6 per fasci- cle. Inferior thoracic notosetae in setigers 2-8 pseu- dospatulate (Fig. 4A), 2-4 per fascicle. Abdominal neuropodia of setigers 9-1 1 with superior group of very short, narrowly hooded setae, 1-2 per fascicle, and inferior group of very elongate, narrowly hooded setae, 3-5 per fascicle. Thoracic uncini acicular, main fang slender (Fig. 4B); single large 4 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 491 Fitzhugh: Antarctic Fanworms Figure 3 Raficiba barryi n. gen., n. sp. A-C, dorsal, lateral (left side), and ventral views of anterior end, respectively (paratype, LACM-AHF 1973). Abbreviations: apr, anterior peristomial ring; bh, branchial heart; c, ventral collar lobe extension of anterior peristomial ring; bl, branchial lobe extension from ventral margin of dorsal lip (cf. Fig. 2B); dl, dorsal lip; il, inner lobe of collar; m, median lobe above mouth; ppr, posterior peristomial ring tooth present above midline of main fang, all teeth behind large tooth extremely small and of uniform size; hood present; 4-6 uncini per fascicle in irreg- ular single rows. Abdominal uncini with 15-17 rows of teeth in profile, 5-6 teeth per row (Fig. 4C); manubrium about same length as dentate region, slightly expanded proximally; uncini in setigers 9- 11 number 16, 14, and 13, respectively. Anus mid- ventral, along anterior margin of pygidium. Males with spermiogenesis occurring in setigers 6-8, oo- cytes in females in setiger 4. Preserved specimens white, no pigmentation on crown or body wall. Tubes composed of fine, flocculent material, slightly longer than occupants; tube width about 2-3 times wider than individuals. Brooding of young not ob- served. REMARKS. The longest paratype, which lacks a branchial crown, has a combined thorax and ab- domen length of 6.0 mm. Among the six paratypes with branchial crowns and complete trunks, re- spective crown/trunk lengths (in mm) are; 0.6/1. 8 0.8/2.8 1.0/2.0 1.0/2.3 1.2/3.0 2.0/5.0 Contributions in Science, Number 491 Fitzhugh: Antarctic Fanworms ■ 5 Figure 4 Raficiba barryi n. gen., n. sp. A, inferior thoracic notopodial pseudospatulate seta from setiger 4 (paratype, LACM-AHF 1973); B, thoracic uncini from setiger 6 (paratype, LACM-AHF 1973); C, abdominal uncinus from setiger 9 (paratype, LACM-AHF 1973) As noted in the remarks on the genus, Raficiba barryi shows similarities to the following genera with respect to the presence of a ventral, lobelike, anterior peristomial ring collar: Augeneriella, Bri- facia, Fabricia, Novafabricia, Parafabricia, Pseu- doaugeneriella, and Fseiidofabricia. In addition to the more elongate, scooplike shape of the collar in R. barryi, it is also unusual in having a small inner lobe or thickening at the collar base (Fig. 3). In fact, it is this smaller lobe that has the dimensions more typical of those Fabriciinae taxa with such a collar. The absence of body wall pigmentation in Rafi- ciba barryi is somewhat unusual in that other fa- briciins with a ventral collar lobe, and in the size range of R. barryi, typically have light to dark brown pigmentation at least on the peristomium and some anterior thoracic setigers. Raficiba barryi is the first confirmed Fabriciinae species from continental slope depths. While most Fabriciinae species are known from intertidal to shallow subtidal depths, notable exceptions include 7 of the 13 species of Fseudofabriciola from depths ranging from 18 to 112 m (Fitzhugh, 1996, 2001). A new species of Fabricinuda (Fitzhugh, 2001) from 60 to 70 m depth in the Gulf of Thailand extends the known range of this genus into the sub- tidal. ETYMOLOGY. The species is named in honor of Dr. James R Barry, Monterey Bay Aquarium Re- search Institute, for his generosity in making the specimens available for study. KEY TO THE EABRICIINAE GENERA This key is similar to that provided by Fitzhugh (1998) except that Monroika and Brandtika are not included here. Known specimens in both genera are poorly preserved. The branchial crown and anteri- or peristomial ring collar in both genera have not been adequately characterized to readily discrimi- nate them from other genera (Jones, 1974; Fitz- hugh, 1992). The undescribed taxon, “Genus A” {sensM Fitzhugh, 1989; Rouse and Fitzhugh, 1994), which includes several undescribed species, as well as Augeneriella dubia Hartmann-Schroder, 1965, and A. alata Hartmann-Schroder, 1991 (cf. A. du- bia of Rouse, 1990), are also included. la. Branchial crown with two pairs of radioles Manayunkia Leidy b. Branchial crown with three pairs of radioles 2 2a. Anterior peristomial ring collar as a low ridge dorsally and laterally, ventrally as a well-de- veloped lobe 3 b. Anterior peristomial ring collar membranous all around or reduced to a low ridge ... 11 3a. Ventral filamentous appendages present . . 4 b. Ventral filamentous appendages absent . . 7 4a. Ventral filamentous appendages nonvascular- ized Pseudo fabricia Cantone b. Ventral filamentous appendages vascularized 5 5a. Ventral filamentous appendages branched . . Augeneriella Banse b. Ventral filamentous appendages unbranched 6 6a. Peristomial and pygidial eyespots black in liv- ing and preserved specimens Pseudoaugeneriella Fitzhugh b. Peristomial and pygidial eyespots red in living specimens, absent in preserved specimens . . . “Genus A” 7a. Ventral lips well developed, triangular, and distinct from dorsal radiole 8 b. Ventral lips as low ridges, fused with proxi- malmost pinnule of dorsal radiole Novafabricia Fitzhugh 8a. Inferior thoracic neurosetae pseudospatulate in setigers 3-7; branchial lobes adjacent to 6 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 491 Fitzhugh: Antarctic Fanworms ventral margins of dorsal lips narrow, not ex- tending to crown ventrum 9 b. Inferior thoracic neurosetae pseudospatulate in setigers 2-8; branchial lobes adjacent to ventral margins of dorsal lips very wide, extending to crown ventrum Raficiba n. gen. 9a. Manubrium of abdominal uncini at least two times longer than dentate region Fahricia Blainville b. Manubrium of abdominal uncini same length as dentate region 10 10a. Ventral lobe of anterior peristomial ring collar low and triangular Brifacia Fitzhugh b. Ventral lobe of anterior peristomial ring collar broadly rounded distally, nearly as wide as long Parafabricia Fitzhugh 11a. Anterior peristomial ring collar membranous 12 b. Anterior peristomial ring collar reduced to low ridge all around except for conical to elongate lobes on either side of dorsal midline; inferior thoracic neurosetae in setigers 3-8 pseudospatulate .... Fabricinuda Fitzhugh 12a. Anterior peristomial ring collar incomplete middorsally; nonvascularized ventral filamen- tous appendages present Fabriciola Friedrich b. Anterior peristomial ring collar complete mid- dorsally (some species with collar margin in- cised or middorsal surface with longitudinal groove); ventral filamentous appendages, when present, are vascularized Pseudofabriciola Fitzhugh ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Sincere thanks go to Dr. James P. Barry, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, for providing the specimens on which this study is based. Leslie H. Harris (LACM) is gratefully acknowledged for her efforts in arranging the acquisition of Raficiba barryi. Reviews by Drs. Kristian Fauchald and Greg Rouse are gratefully acknowledged. LITERATURE CITED Banse, K. 1957. Die Gattungen Oriopsis, Desdemona und Aiigeneriella (Sabellidae, Polychaeta). Videnskabeli- ge Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kjobenhavn 119:67-105. Cantone, G. 1972. Pseudofabricia aberrans n.gen. n.sp., un anellide polichete di incerta sede. Bollettiiio delle Sedate della Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Natiirali in Catania, Serie IV 11:1-7. Day, J.H. 1957. 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Received 15 November 1999; accepted 20 November 2000. 8 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 491 Fitzhugh: Antarctic Fanworms E- fe' T i ■ ( J . ■ ' ? It-*- - / S \ ti- < \ ■K. M, > - *. > i" SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES 3 9088 01402 9607 Natural History Museum OF Los Angeles County 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles, California 90007