Number 501 12 July 2004 IN Science Tropical Western Atlantic Species OF Diaulula Bergh, 1878 (Mollusca, Nudibranchia), with the Description of a New Species Angel Valdes of Los Angeles County Serial Publications OL THE Natural History Museum oe Los Angeles County Scientific Publications Committee John Heyning, Deputy Director for Research and Collections John M. Harris, Committee Chairman Brian V. Brown Gordon Hendler Joel W. Martin Xiaoming Wang K. Victoria Brown, Managing Editor The scientific publications of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County have been issued at irregular in- tervals in three major series; the issues in each series are numbered individually, and numbers run consecutively, re- gardless of the subject matter. • Contributions in Science, a miscellaneous series of tech- nical papers describing original research in the life and earth sciences. • Science Bulletin, a miscellaneous series of monographs describing original research in the life and earth sciences. This series was discontinued in 1978 with the issue of Numbers 29 and 30; monographs are now published by the Museum in Contributions in Science. • Science Series, long articles and collections of papers on natural history topics. Copies of this publication are available through the Scholarly Publications Office at 213/763-3330 or by vis- iting our website at (http://www.nhm.org) for a PDF file version. Printed at Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas ISSN 0459-8113 Natural History Museum OF Los Angeles County 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles, Calieornia 90007 Tropical Western Atlantic Species oe Diaulula Bergh, 1878 (Mollusca, Nudibranchia), WITH THE Description oe a New Species Angel Valdes^ ABSTRACT. The genus Diaulula is represented in the tropical western Atlantic by two species: Diaulula greeleyi, a trans-Panamian species also reported from the Pacific coasts of Mexico and Costa Rica, and Diaulula farmersi, a new species from the Florida Keys. Differences in color and anatomy separate these two species as D. farmersi has a yellowish background color, a white gill, and the bursa copulatrix and prostate are proportionally smaller. Examination of specimens of different sizes of D, greeleyi, as well as a review of the literature from other geographic regions, reveals that this species shows little anatomical variability, supporting the separation of D. farmersi. Two further sympatric species that are superficially similar to D. greeleyi, Discodoris mortenseni and Discodoris phoca, differ from members of Diaulula in having jaws and in other anatomical features. INTRODUCTION The genus Diaulula was originally introduced by Bergh (1878) based on Doris sandiegensis Cooper, 1863, from California. The main characteristics de- fined by Bergh (1878) for this genus were the pres- ence of a villous, silky dorsum, notched and grooved anterior border of the foot, tripinnate branchial leaves, absence of jaws, presence of a large prostate, and unarmed penis. Subsequently, Bergh (1905, 1907) introduced four additional species of Diaulula: Diaulula rubra Bergh, 1905 (from the Philippines), Diaulula gigan- tea Bergh, 1905 (from Indonesia), Diaulula capen- sis Bergh, 1907, and Diaulula morosa Bergh, 1907, both from South Africa. The generic identity of all of these species is uncertain, except for D. gigantea, which, according to Valdes (2002), is a synonym of Sebadoris nubilosa (Pease, 1871). Eliot (1907) and Marcus (1959) transferred the South American spe- cies Doris vestita Abraham, 1877, and Doris his- pida d’Orbigny, 1837, respectively, to Diaulula. Be- cause of the uncertain placement of the tropical Indo-Pacific and South African species, the genus Diaulula was thought to be restricted to cold wa- ters in North and South America. Thompson (1975) and McDonald (1983) regard- ed Diaulula as a synonym of Discodoris, based on the similar size, shape, mode of life, radula, and reproductive organs of both genera. Behrens (1991) did not agree with that synonymy and maintained the usage of Diaulula as a valid genus for Diaulula sandiegensis. Valdes and Gosliner (2001) reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of the caryophyllidia- 1. Malacology, Natural History Museum of Los An- geles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007. Email: avaldes@nhm.org. Contributions in Science, Number 501, pp. 1-7 Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 2004 bearing dorids, which, according to these authors, are a monophyletic group. Valdes and Gosliner (2001) restricted the use of the name Diaulula to species with elongate caryophyllidia, a large pros- tate with two differentiated portions, penis and va- gina unarmed, labial cuticle smooth, and radular teeth hamate and smooth. Additionally, anatomical examination of specimens of Doris punctuolata d’Orbigny, 1837 (the type species of Anisodoris Bergh, 1898), revealed that it has the same features as members of Diaulula, so these two genus names were regarded as synonyms. This new classification implies that a number of species of caryophyllidia- bearing dorids that have been described in various genera probably belong to the genus Diaulula, which is probably a much larger clade than origi- nally thought. For instance, following the new di- agnosis of Diaulula, Camacho-Garcia and Valdes (2003) transferred the tropical Atlantic species Pel- todoris greeleyi MacFarland, 1909 to Diaulula, and at the same time synonymized the tropical eastern Pacific species Peltodoris nayarita Ortea and Llera, 1981 with it. They also transferred the Panamic species Discodoris aurila Ev. Marcus, 1976 to Diaulula. Additionally, Valdes and Muniain (2002) regarded Diaulula vestita as a probable synonym of Diaulula punctuolata. Recent fieldwork in the Florida Keys revealed the presence of an additional species of the genus Diau- lula in the Caribbean. The present paper deals with this species and provides up-to-date descriptions and classifications for western Atlantic species of Diaulula. MATERIAL AND METHODS The material examined is deposited at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (LACM). Specimens were dissected by making a dorsal incision. The internal fea- 2 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 501 Valdes: Tropical Western Atlantic Diaulula Species Figure 1 Living animals: A, Diaulula greeleyi (MacFarland, 1909), Key Largo, Florida, (LACM 2003-41.4). B, Diaulula farmersi n. sp., holotype. Key Largo, Florida, (LACM 3016) tures were examined and drawn using a dissecting micro- scope with a camera lucida. A portion of the mantle was critical point dried for the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The buccal mass was removed and dissolved in 10% sodium hydroxide until the radula was isolated from the surrounding tissue. The radula was then rinsed in wa- ter, dried, and mounted for examination with the SEM. Eeatures of living animals were recorded from field pho- tographs and notes. SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS Discodorididae Bergh, 1891 Diaulula Bergh, 1880 Diaulula greeleyi (MacFarland, 1909) Figs. lA, 2-3 Peltodoris greeleyi MacFarland, 1909:84-88, pi. Contributions in Science, Number 501 Valdes: Tropical Western Atlantic Diaulula Species ■ 3 Figure 2 Diaulula greeleyi (MacFarland, 1909), Key Largo, Florida, (LACM 2003-41.4), scanning electron micrographs of radula and dorsum: A, Innermost lateral teeth, scale bar = 50 /xm. B, Midlateral teeth, scale bar = 30 /xm. C, Outermost lateral teeth, scale bar = 50 /xm. D, Caryophyllidia, scale bar = 100 /xm 15, figs. 77-82; Marcus, 1955:137-140, pi. 14, figs. 126-132; Marcus and Marcus, 1967:72-74, text figs. 94-98; Eyster, 1980:588. Peltodoris nayarita Ortea and Llera, 1981:47-51, text figs. 1-4 (also cited as Anisodoris); Bertsch et al, 2000:100. Diaulula greeleyi (MacFarland): Camacho-Garda and Valdes, 2003:71-75, text figs. 1C, 4A-D, 5A-D. TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype. Alagoas, Riacho Doce, Brazil, 28 July 1899, 1 specimen, 9 mm pre- served length, leg. A.W. Greeley (California Acad- emy of Sciences 21021). 4 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 501 Figure 3 Diaulula greeleyi (MacFarland, 1909), Key Lar- go, Florida, (LACM 2003-41.4), anatomy: A, Reproduc- tive system, scale bar = 500 ixm. B, Ventral view of the mouth area, scale bar = 2 mm. Abbreviations: am - am- pulla; be = bursa copulatrix; dd = deferent duct; fg = female glands; ot = oral tentacle; pr = prostate; sr = seminal receptacle; v ~ vagina MATERIAL EXAMINED. Shore in front of the Bayside Resort (mile marker 99.5), Key Largo, Monroe County, Florida, 13 July 2003, 1-2 m depth, 3 specimens, 5-13 mm preserved length, leg. A. Valdes (LACM 2003-41.4). EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY. The body is oval to elongate (Fig. lA), with the posterior end of the foot covered by the mantle. The dorsum is covered with caryophyllidia about 100 {jum long (Fig. 2D). The body is pale yellow to orange or brown. The dorsum is covered with a number of brown patches distributed regularly all over the surface. The rhin- ophoral sheaths are elevated and inflated. The rhin- ophores are dark brown with the apex white. The gill is composed of 12 unipinnate branchial leaves, which are yellow to dark brown. Near the edge of the mantle there is a row of opaque white mantle glands. The anterior border of the foot is grooved and notched (Fig. 3B). The oral tentacles are short and triangular. ANATOMY. The labial cuticle is smooth. The radular formula is 45 X (50.0.50) in a 13 mm pre- served length specimen (LACM 2003-41.4). Rach- idian teeth are absent (Fig. 2A). The lateral teeth are hamate, having a single cusp and lacking den- ticles (Fig. 2B). The teeth increase in size gradually toward the medial portion of the half-row. The out- ermost teeth are also hamate and lacking denticles (Fig. 2C). The reproductive system is triaulic (Fig. 3A). The ampulla is long and convoluted. It enters the female glands near their nidamental opening. The prostate is large and granular. It is divided into two different portions that are clearly distinguishable by their different texture and coloration. The deferent duct is long and expands into the muscular ejaculatory portion. The deferent duct opens into a common atrium with the vagina. There are no penial hooks. The vagina is long and narrow. At its proximal end, the vagina connects to the large and rounded bursa Valdes: Tropical Western Atlantic Diaulula Species copulatrix. Another duct, which connects to the seminal receptacle and the uterine duct, leads from the bursa copulatrix. The bursa copulatrix is about twice as large as the seminal receptacle (Fig. 3A). GEOGRAPHIC RANGE. This species has been reported from Brazil (MacFarland, 1909; Marcus, 1955), Florida (Marcus and Marcus, 1967), South Carolina (Eyster, 1980), the Pacific coast Baja Cal- ifornia (Bertsch et al, 2000), southern Mexico (Or- tea and Llera, 1981), and Costa Rica (Camacho- Garcia and Valdes, 2003). REMARKS. Diaulula greeleyi was originally de- scribed from Brazil (MacFarland, 1909) and was subsequently reported from several other Atlantic localities. Camacho-Garcia and Valdes (2003) re- garded the eastern Pacific species Peltodoris nay- arita Ortea and Llera, 1981 as a synonym, based on the examination of specimens from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. These authors also provided illustrations of the reproductive system and radula of this species based on Pacific material. The newly collected specimens from the Florida Keys are an- atomically identical to the specimens from Costa Rica, confirming that the populations on both sides of the Isthmus of Panama belong to the same spe- cies. Two other Caribbean species are Discodoris mortenseni Ev. Marcus and Er. Marcus, 1963, orig- inally described from Curasao and Tobago (Marcus and Marcus, 1963), and Discodoris phoca Ev. Mar- cus and Er. Marcus, 1967, originally described from Biscayne Key, Florida (Marcus and Marcus, 1967). The reproductive system of Discodoris mor- tenseni was subsequently 'described by Bertsch (1975). These two species have a pinkish or brown- ish dorsum with darker spots. Differences between these two species and Diaulula greeleyi include the presence of jaws with jaw elements and dorsal white spots in Discodoris mortenseni and Disco- doris phoca. Additionally, the radular teeth of Dis- codoris phoca are more angular and the outermost teeth of Discodoris mortenseni have small denticles. According to Marcus and Marcus (1963, 1967), both Discodoris mortenseni and Discodoris phoca have caryophyllidia, and the latter also has the prostate divided into two portions. Thus, these two species should be removed from Discodoris Bergh, 1877, which includes species lacking caryophyllidia (Valdes, 2002). Valdes and Gosliner (2001) diag- nosed Diaulula as lacking jaws, but the systematic position of species with jaws and caryophyllidia has not been investigated. Therefore the status of Dis- codoris mortenseni and Discodoris phoca remains uncertain until comprehensive phylogenies of car- yophyllidia-bearing dorids at the species level be- come available. Diaulula greeleyi differs from D. sandiegensis, the type species of the genus, by having a darker background color, lacking dorsal rings on the dor- sum, having unipinnate branchial leaves, and hav- ing larger, more hooked-shaped and smooth out- ermost radular teeth. The anatomy and external Contributions in Science, Number 501 Valdes: Tropical Western Atlantic Diaulula Species ■ 5 Figure 4 Diaulula farmersi n. sp., holotype (LACM 3016), scanning electron micrographs of radula and dorsum: A, Innermost lateral teeth, scale bar = 50 /xm. B, Midlateral teeth, scale bar = 50 /xm. C, Outermost lateral teeth, scale bar = 50 /xm. D, Caryophyllidia, scale bar = 100 /xm morphology of D. sandiegensis was described in de- tail by Behrens and Valdes (2001). The three other valid species of Diaulula found in the Americas are D. punctuolata, D. hispida, and D. aurila (see “Introduction” section). Diaulula au- rila is also a tropical species redescribed by Ca- macho-Garda and Valdes (2003) and characterized by having a grayish background color with minute brown and opaque white spots. The lateral profile of D. aurila is much lower than that of D. greeleyi and the radular teeth are more elongate and ha- mate. Both D. punctuolata and D. hispida are South American species that clearly differ from D. greeleyi in their external coloration. Illustrations of D. punctuolata and D. hispida by Schrodl (1996) reveal two lightly colored species, the former is pale 6 ■ Contributions in Science, Number 501 Valdes: Tropical Western Atlantic Diaulula Species Figure 5 Diaulula farmersi n. sp., holotype (LACM 3016), anatomy: A, Reproductive system, scale bar = 1 mm. B, Detail of some reproductive organs, scale bar like in A. C, Ventral view of the mouth area, scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: am = ampulla; be = bursa copula- trix; dd = deferent duct; fg = female glands; ot = oral tentacle; pr = prostate; sr = seminal receptacle; v = va- gina creamish-white with light brown spots and the lat- ter is completely white, and both have tripinnate branchial leaves. There are no other species of dorid nudibranchs from the Atlantic or other biogeographic regions assigned with certainty to the genus Diaulula (see “Introduction” section). Diaulula farmersi new species Figs. IB, 4-5 TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype. Shore in front of the Bayside Resort (mile marker 99.5), Key Largo, Monroe County, Florida, 13 July 2003, 1-2 m depth, 9 mm preserved length, leg. A. Valdes (LACM 3016). EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY. The body is oval to elongate (Fig. IB), with the posterior end of the foot covered by the mantle. The dorsum is covered with caryophyllidia, about 150 fim long (Fig. 4D). The body is yellowish gray and has a number of minute brown dots all over the surface. The rhin- ophoral sheaths are elevated and inflated. The rhin- ophores are dark brown with the apices white. The gill is composed of 9 bipinnate branchial leaves, which are uniformly white. Near the edge of the mantle there are 2 rows of opaque white mantle glands. The outermost row is composed of small glands densely packed, the innermost row has a few larger and irregular glands. The anterior border of the foot is grooved and notched (Fig. 5C). The oral tentacles are short and triangular. ANATOMY. The labial cuticle is smooth. The radular formula is 46 X (50.0.50) in the holotype (LACM 3016). Rachidian teeth are absent (Fig. 4A). The lateral teeth are hamate, having a single cusp and lacking denticles (Fig. 4B). The teeth in- crease in size gradually toward the medial portion of the half-row. The outermost teeth are also ha- mate and lacking denticles (Fig. 4C). The reproductive system is triaulic (Fig. 5A). The ampulla is long and curved; it enters the female glands near their nidamental opening. The prostate is large and granular; it is divided into two different portions that are clearly distinguishable by their different texture and coloration. The deferent duct is long and expands into the muscular ejaculatory portion. The deferent duct opens into a common atrium with the vagina. There are no penial hooks. The vagina is long and narrow. At its proximal end, the vagina connects to the large and oval bursa co- pulatrix. Another duct, which connects to the sem- inal receptacle and the uterine duct, leads from the bursa copulatrix. The bursa copulatrix is about three times as large as the seminal receptacle (Fig. 5B). GEOGRAPHIC RANGE. This species is only known from the type locality in the Florida Keys. ETYMOLOGY. Dedicated to Farmers Insurance Group for their generous contribution to the edu- cation and research programs of the Natural His- tory Museum of Los Angeles County. REMARKS. A review of the literature revealed that there are no other species similar to Diaulula farmersi in the tropical western Atlantic. The most similar species in external morphology and color- ation is an unnamed animal from Cape Verde, West Africa, illustrated by Ortea (1998:pl. lA), which differs from D. farmersi only in the yellowish color of the gill. Ortea (1998) introduced the name Doris hayeki based on two uniformly yellow animals also collected from Cape Verde. The photos of the living animals show that they clearly belong to two dif- ferent species. One of them (from Boavista) has the dorsum covered with caryophyllidia (Ortea, 1998: pi. lA), whereas the other (from Sal) has simple, rounded dorsal tubercles (Ortea, 1998:pl. IB). Or- tea (1998) designated as the holotype the specimen from Sal, which is identical to the original descrip- tion of Doris atypica Eliot, 1906. The generic placement and anatomy of the specimen from Boavista is unknown. Diaulula farmersi is clearly distinguishable from D. greeleyi by the external coloration, which is uni- formly yellowish gray with minute brown dots and white branchial leaves in the former and pale yel- low to orange or brown with brown patches and yellow to dark brown branchial leaves in the latter. Anatomical differences include the size of the bursa copulatrix and prostate, which are proportionally smaller than in D. greeleyi. Examination of Pan- amic specimens of D. greeleyi by Camacho-Garcia and Valdes (2003) revealed that the external col- oration and anatomy of their specimens is virtually identical to that of the Atlantic specimens here studied. Additionally, very little variability has been observed among specimens of different sizes col- lected from the Florida Keys. It is clear that D. gree- leyi has a very conservative anatomy and external coloration; thus, differences with D. farmersi are Contributions in Science, Number 501 not due to intraspecific variability or state of ma- turity. Differences between Diaulula farmersi and D. sandiegensis include the presence of dorsal rings on the dorsum and tripinnate branchial leaves in the latter. Also, D. punctuolata and D. hispida are much lighter species, having tripinnate branchial leaves. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This paper has been supported by the National Science Foundation, through the PEET grant DEB-9978155, “Phylogenetic systematics of dorid nudibranchs,” to Terr- ence M. Gosliner and the author. The SEM facility was supported by the National Science Foundation MRI grant DBI-0216506. Additional financial support for fieldwork was provided by the Natural History Museum of Los An- geles County. Lindsey Groves (LACM) curated the specimens collect- ed and critically reviewed the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Behrens, D. W. 1991. Pacific coast nudibranchs. A guide to the opisthobranchs Alaska to Baja California, 2nd ed. Monterey, California: Sea Challengers. Behrens, D. W., and A. Valdes. 2001. The identity of Doris (s./.) species MacFarland, 1966 (Mollusca, Nudi- branchia, Discodorididae): A persistent mystery from California solved. Proceedings of the Califor- nia Academy of Sciences 52:183-193. Bergh, R. 1878. Malacologische Untersuchungen, Theil 2, Heft 13. In Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, ed. C. Semper, 547-602, pis. 62-65. Wiesbaden: Krei- del. . 1905. Die Opisthobranchiata der Siboga-Expedi- tion. In Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch Gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899-1900 aan boord H.M. Siboga onder commando van Luitenant ter zee P kl. G. P. Tydeman, vol. 50, ed. M. Weber, 1-248, pis. 1-20. Leiden: Brill. - — — . 1907. The Opisthobranchiata from South Africa. Transactions of the South African Philosophical So- ciety 17:1-144, pis. 1-14. Bertsch, H. 1975. Additional data for two dorid nudi- branchs from the southern Caribbean seas. The Ye- liger 17:416-417. Bertsch, H., O. Angulo Campillo, and J. L. Arreola. 2000. New distributional records of opisthobranchs from the Punta Eugenia region of the Baja California pen- insula: A report based on 1997-1998 CONABIO- sponsored expeditions. The Festivus 32:99-104. Camacho-Garcia, Y., and A. Valdes. 2003. Caryophylli- dia-bearing dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca, Nudibran- Valdes: Tropical Western Atlantic Diaulula Species ■ 7 chia, Doridacea) from Costa Rica. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 54:65-79. Eliot, C. 1907. Nudibranchs from New Zealand and the Falkland Islands. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 7:327-361, pi. 28. Eyster, L.S. 1980. Distribution and reproduction of shell- less opisthobranchs from South Carolina. Bulletin of Marine Science 30:580-599. MacFarland, F. M. 1909. The opisthobranchiate Mollusca of the Branner-Agassiz Expedition to Brazil. Leland Stanford Junior University Publications, University Series 2:1-104, pis. 1-19. Marcus, Er. 1955. Opisthobranchia from Brazil. Boletim de Zoologia 207:89-200, pis. 1-30. — — -. 1959. Lamellariacea und Opisthobranchia. Re- ports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948- 49. 36:3-133. Marcus, Ev., and Er. Marcus. 1963. Opisthobranchs from the Lesser Antilles. Studies on the Fauna of Curagao and other Caribbean Islands 79:1-76. — ■. 1967. Tropical American opisthobranchs. Studies in Tropical Oceanography 6:3-137, pi. 1. McDonald, G. R. 1983. A review of the nudibranchs of the California coast. Malacologia 24:114-276. Ortea, J. 1998. Una nueva especie de Doris Linne, 1758 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Dorididae) de las Islas de Cabo Verde descrita en honor del Dr. Nacere Hayek, premio Canarias de Investigacion. Revista de la Ac- ademia Canaria de Ciencias 10:115-120. Ortea, J., and E. M. Llera. 1981. Un nuevo dorido (Mol- lusca: Nudibranchiata) de la Isla Isabel, Nayarit, Mexico. Iberus 1:47-51. Pease, W. H. 1871. Descriptions of new species of nudi- branchiate Mollusca inhabiting Polynesia. No. 2. American Journal of Conchology 7:11-19, pis. 3-9. Schrodl, M. 1996. Nudibranchia y Sacoglossa de Chile: Morfologia externa y distribucion. Gayana Zoolo- gica 60:17-62. Thompson, T. E. 1975. Dorid nudibranchs from eastern Australia (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia). Journal of the Zoological Society, London 176:477-517. Valdes, A. 2002. A phylogenetic analysis and systematic revision of the cryptobranch dorids (Mollusca, Nu- dibranchia, Anthobranchia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136:535-636. Valdes, A., and T. M. Gosliner. 2001. Systematics and phylogeny of the caryophillidia-bearing dorids (Mol- lusca, Nudibranchia), with descriptions of a new ge- nus and four new species from Indo-Pacific deep wa- ters. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 133: 103-198. Valdes, A., and C. Muniain. 2002. Revision and taxonom- ic reassessment of Magellanic species assigned to An- isodoris Bergh, 1898 (Nudibranchia: Doridoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies 68:345-351. Received 2 July 2003; accepted 2 February 2004. It'. vv'.ung^'-'. :*’., ■ r.^'.'i ^vt, v-'"''' ■i#,!:^ ■■ ■■ ■.'■■■ '"" , , yyZ 'i' t A i' V .4'i ^, '' '"' -s i-jHf4%.»|«. * ■.%; • '"•>-*5a.V^-t' ‘ .vV'" ^ ,. „; •• - ■ ■ ‘ .; '^1 ^ •.*ii '■ “■rS:? -. v^* . ^im. ^ ■' '^'■jJ ■' Ki ^ • iu'.-.i . fi i. i! \\ liM: . S.?M fi::;.;-;.; k^'.v'-*f 1^./' ^HhII .■Mil' :l^ fii ; • ii^- i»||' ■^Mga? *ii,i ^v^;; -'S ••'..> ;.■' - v^-,. ..fT-« : ^-.v kW, ■' ^ V t / inrils ' ■■"> ^ ■•» fif J!#*# \ ^'V>*' '■/ i r,J^»Jlimtr^ «>_.A/-t,>: 'i^m'^f,, -1 *-T^ -; •■.^'.r ..■-'■ ^ Of. / WtL ■ i .. •■. -..i -.Sfeii », r«'**ji«r'-‘^ '■%/ -, -. „.. .> . . ... J'Hf w*-? ^ .., , • ^ r . . n ■- : - i^■■V ^ ^ *>.^. •. - • ^ y^'.r - yi^yi 4?^^ :!. W<.. j'Vr^;' i. .i ^ -Hf-t tk"? : "^6! --(t/.: a. - , :■/ ■ ' ' t . ,. •.'v.-.. ,:^- Ui * .** . ^ ^ *■■,, , ,...?^ /;, ■« r -•;' 1 o'y^£\ :vj. ■■ ■,• . -■ . ii , t , . ■ ':-‘-^^m^ n\ „, ^ - ., , ^ ^ „ . o- ■#/■*.¥ ..■ 1‘if : igi 'i- ; >.i- ' ^ ISMl ^iN- ” ®'»';i, ■ » 'in' ‘' '-' " 1^ '■ . ■ . ■ ..r^ 1^. ~4iJai_- -?_i_ ' -v ^ _ _ ‘uj - .”r . .-*f: A» •: ™”“* ■ ' ■*"■ i* ^ ''vi-' ,, , sv* '“ * ) •'^4^ • |S4- ► 'C . t ', i .■ ;' - , f<',f ■ • r ' -• . %^f|: ; > ' r' ^ -t ,:,. „. . 4 ..■Vi^_>^"'’ !k. \1^- - -n . . Vi , • ■ .■ ^,5. ,. “ ;Vi^ -“V: ..■• ''Stifi ■ . ' »iii X'- - ... u‘ .. . '4 /;•►' -4'?hw ■*v •y>\ . Natural Mfey of Los Angeles County 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles, California 90007