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CONTRIBUTIONS TO A BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SANTA MONICA BAY, CALIFORNIA
by
Olga Hartman
A Final Report submitted to Hyperion Engineers, Inc.
by . The Geology Department
University of Southern California
September 17, 1956
A i mete
TABLE OF CONTENTS
—=
Page. Introduction----.—-...-...8 SO SSS OBS SOS SESE GHAR ie 1 Reser ptd On Ob Ar eda an—n amine meee ea oe eee eee 2 Methods and Equapmnent--——-s-secenucensseoeeeee eee aug RanmatwAti tnt G1 CS mee aoa mow meee we Oe eee 11 Ecological------~~------~~.-.-----~--~ ee 11 Geographical -~---~-~--~-~.~- ~~~. 5 ee 15 Patchiness----~--------~-~-~~-. ~~~ ~~~ ee 20 Systematic Classification of Faunal Units--------.-.. 23 EegloctcatiClassificatiOn=c-——-sseecese asso eee ee eee 26 Imdiic ater pS pe Ciie@Seq———— nce e neem eee e eee een ee eeeeeee 37 Results of Some Other Biological Observations-------- 40 Comparative Food) Valueseo——-———o00-omewmnoeeeeeeeen ee - 43 Size of Largest Species---------~---~-~-----.-.~-----.. 44 Acknowledgements ~----.- 2-2 ~<a eee cena 45 Eienavunen Cited nama saaaa sooo s eon aoe e ere) See eee - 46 Appendix Ie-------~------..--..- oe ewww wenn nce een nee 47 Appendix II-----.--------~--~~--.~--~.-.---.-.-------- ~ 57 Append tac Tn ene one ne meee ee sen een ea cennceeee 60 Appendix IV--....-.- ene owe eee ween een nnn 67 Appendix Ve cn<.o onc coco cn cece eemn ee SOCCSSES eemennene 136 Appendix VI----------~.---~.----~--~~------------- --=- 138 Appendix \Vilw—-. oo eee eo eee oe See eee nem ee == 140
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CONTRIBUTIONS TO A BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SANTA MONICA BAY, CALIFORNIA
Introduction
The purpose of this report is to record the results of bottom sampling in Santa Monica Bay between 1952 and 1956, and to evaluate the analyses of these samples in terms of organic productivity by systematic faunal units. The analyses are believed to approximate the ecological associations of animal populations as they exist in nature. Values of comparative biomasses are expressed in terms of varying horizontal and vertical distances from the effluent outlets. The major faunal units are identified and their affinities noted with those of adjacent and more distant areas. In Santa Monica Bay, six biological zones are recognized. Each supports a characteristic fauna differing primarily for depth of sea-floor, nature of sediments, and varying with distance from the ends of effluent pipes. The more abundant or conspicuous faunal categories are named for each zone, resulting in about 500 specific entities.
About 150 measured bottom samples were taken from selected parts of the bay. They are in the range of stations numbered 2148-52 to 4451-56, made by the VELERO IV. Most samples were quantitative and taken with a 2 1/2 cubic foot orange peel grab. Others were taken
with a larger (5-6 cubic foot) Campbell grab, a biological
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dredge, a beam trawl, and baited lobster traps. A few animals were snagged on hydrographic lines. The quanti- tative samples differed in volume from a fraction to five cubic feet, or 1.67 cubic meters. These variations were mainly because of differences in depths and kinds of sediments, with the greatest variations being from shallow hard-packed bottoms.
The concentration of samples from shallow areas in the vicinity of the Hyperion outfall, and along the shelf bordering the upper end of Santa Monica Canyon, was to more intensively study patchiness and present conditions
along paths that a series of new outfall lines may occupy. Description of the Area
The benthos of Santa Monica Bay is a northward continuation of the San Pedro area and shares many of its biological characteristics. Both embayments have a similar shallower (to 300 feet) and deeper (to 1500 feet) shelf, a slope (to 2250 feet or more ), and a deep or subsill basin (to 2940 feet). The faunal groups consist of similar categories, and differ mainly in the numbers of their occurrence because of physical differences.
The San Pedro area is traversed by a channel through which a strong current flows and its bottoms, therefore, Support some associations which are sparse or not rep- resented in Santa Monica Bay. The presence of submerged
mountains (the Lasuen Seamount and Six-Mile Bank at either
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side of its southern sill, and two similar mounts at either end of the northern sill) account for some gross differences. Its sediments are more diversified and have many rubbly slopes. In their deeper parts these slopes have associations of glass sponge which are sparse or lacking in Santa Monica Bay except in scattered patches along the outer slopes of Santa Monica Canyon, The shallower submerged slopes, continuous with the Palos Verdes Hills, have an unusually diversified and abundant benthonic fauna which in amount is unparalleled in any other area of southern California, Although the specific categories occur in other regions where currents prevail, their quantities are much diminished,
The sea floor of Santa Monica Bay is divisible into six faunal zones, numbered I to VI (May 7, 1956 report, p. 13), Zone I refers to the broad, shallow shelf ‘extending west from Hyperion; II refers to the shallow triangular area between Redondo and Palos Verdes Hills, and west to the outer end of Redondo Canyon; III refers to the northern shelf of Santa Monica Bay to depths of 330 fathoms; IV refers to Santa Monica Canyon, and V refers to Redondo Canyon. In Figure 1 is shown their locations and the serial arabic numbers for zones III, IV, and V. Those for zone I are more completely detailed in Figure 2,
The shallower bottoms of Santa Monica Bay are populated
mainly by animals existing within the sediments which
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Pigure 1. Santa Monica Bay showing Zones I to VI, and
sample numbers from Zones III, IV and V.
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Figure 2, Chart of Zone I showing sectors W (west), SW (southwest), and NW (northwest) with
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Se SANTA MONICA BAY.
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are muddy, sandy, or mixed. The sea floor appears smooth and nearly barren (Figure 3), but the presence of in- numerable small hillocks, holes, and other irregularities verify the existence of an abundant fauna which consists mainly of different kinds of smaller metazoan animals.
An occasional five-rayed shallow depression is made by
an Astropecten, and the slender erect sticklike projections are tubes of phoronids, onuphids, or the stiff stipe of a sea whip.
Animal associations of rocky or gravelly areas are limited mainly to the upper slopes of Santa Monica Canyon, as in the outer regions of Zone I. Macrokelps, which require shallow rocky surfaces for attachment of the stipe, are mainly restricted to the northern areas of Santa Monica Bay. A small triangular area (Zone II) between the upper end of Redondo Canyon and the Palos Verdes Hillis, supports a diversity of kinds of animals in unusual concentrations. The broad sandy shelf and Slopes of the western and northwestern end of Zone I have concentrations of brittle stars requiring quiet water. The bottom of Redondo Canyon below 300 feet (Zone V) is overlain by muddy sediments which support unique associations of animals having their greatest known concentrations in this place. The fauna of Santa Monica Canyon, below 300 feet (Zone IV) resembles that of Zone V, but is more limited and dispersed. Analyses
of samples from these bottoms are given in the Appendix.
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Figure 3.
Photograph of a silty sand sea floor about
4 1/2 miles from the end of Hyperion outfall
in 160 to 200 feet of water. Typical animals in the sediments are Astropecten californicus, Onuphis nebulosa, a slender sea whip, Glycera, Nephtys, maldanids and smaller pelecypods. The base line represents about two feet. Photo
taken by Dr. R. B. Tibby, July 1955.
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The broad flat shelf extending west from Hyperion to the upper end of Santa Monica Canyon (Zone I) comprises 85 to 90 square miles, It can be divided into faunal areas expressed in terms of distance from the outfall. Six faunal groups are named, each with west (I W), south- west (I SW), and northwest (I NW) sectors. The boundaries as noted in the report of May 7, 1956 are retained except that the outer fringe of the Limited-Enriched-Fauna in I W has been moved west about a fifth of a mile to encompass all of the stations in the I W-12 sector (Figure 2). This fauna, as well as the adjacent Unlimited-Diminished- Fauna, have been more completely sampled since the last
report was issued. Methods and Equipment
The samples taken with the Hayward orange peel grab were screened on board ship through sieves of which the finest measured 24 meshes to the inch, bottled in suitable containers, and fixed with formalin added to seawater,
As soon as possible thereafter the samples were trans- ported to the laboratory where cleaning and analyses
were done (Hartman, 1955). Because of these collecting methods, many smaller metazoan animals (especially smaller crustaceans, worms, mollusks and others) were undoubtedly lost. However, the counts of animals were high in spite of such unmeasurable losses and the species are believed
to be characteristic of the areas investigated.
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The grab was usually filled when soft fine-grained bottoms were sampled. In rocky bottoms it was less suc- cessful, so either a biological dredge or a trawl was used to obtain qualitative measures, Volumes of indivi- dual grabs varied most in shallow water where sediments were hard packed. Thus, differences from nearby stations varied as much as 300%, For example, in sector I W-12c at station 4325 with a medium to coarse green glauconite sand bottom, 1.88 cubic foot was recovered, and in I W-19a at station 4329 in silt and sand, 0.06 cubic foot was recovered.
Baited lobster traps were used in the vicinity of the outfall to lure foraging animals not easily taken by other means. At first, traps with copper and brass fittings were lowered and found unsuccessful, perhaps because of repellant metallic ions leached into the seawater. Another time the entrance of the trap had been clogged by a crab too large to enter or escape, so that the entrance of other kinds of animals was impeded. Other traps recovered various foraging animals such as crabs, flounders, and snails, and smaller associated animals,
Beam-trawl fishing (Zone II-5) was incidental except for the catch of certain kinds of fishes from water over a shallow sandy bottom.
Some human factors are probably reflected in the
sorting and analyses of the samples, which were done
10
by the writer. As the work progressed, it was obvious that an increasing number of kinds of animals were being recognized, partly because many animal species lie in tubes or burrows made by other kinds, or are covered with debris, or occupy various sheltered nooks not easily seen, (Analyses were usually made with the aid of a dissecting microscope.) Such was the case with many small tubicolous animals, Monobrachium, a commensal hydroid on small bivalves, an unknown flabelligeriid found in considerable numbers in dead shells of Cadulus (tooth shell), commensal and parasitic animals associated with host species, and other kinds. In time, therefore, it may be necessary to review all of the earlier samples. This can still be done since most have been preserved. Fortunately, experiences Paninied from SHEE OE studies
in the San Pedro area, where many animals are the same, made the recognition of most species simpler.
Emphasis on the importance of annelids from the start might have beefi due to interests on the part of the investigator. However, it is believed that this group will loom the largest in mass productivity and diversity to anyone who will examine the samples, and that they, together with the ophiuroids and the smaller though poorly known entomostracans, are the most important constituents
in the bottoms investigated.
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Faunal Affinities
Ecological
The benthonic fauna in Santa Monica Bay has its closest affinities with that in the adjacent San Pedro area, The kinds and numbers of species are somewhat higher in the San Pedro embayment because of its greater diversity of physical features. It also supports many species requiring currents, such as the large associations of Chaetopterus (polychaete), Ophiothrix (brittle star), and gorgonian corals which flourish in abundance near Whites Point; the large beds of Tagelus ( jack-knife clam) just outside the Los Angeles breakwater, and the siliceous sponge associations along the steep slopes of submerged mountains. These, and other kinds, are Sparse to absent in the Santa Monica area. Undersea gardens of macrokelps with their rich associations of animals both in the protecting canopy above and in the sediments below, which abound in great numbers along the leeward shores of Santa Catalina Island, are present near Malibu in Santa Monica Bay, but much less extensive.
The outer basins (Catalina, Santa Cruz, San Clemente, and others) off southern California have been found (Hartman, unpublished) to have many different kinds of animals not present in the near shore basins (San Pedro and Santa Monica). The densities in the outer basins (mass productivities) are, however, much lower except in
places where nutrients are supplied from outside sources
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12
(as at Catalina Harbor on the outer side of Santa Catalina Island). The absence from, or sparsity in, the inner basins suggest that the species have different temperature requirements, either as larvae or adults,-.or that there are competitive factors which may be selective.
The most abundant animals in the shallower bottoms of Santa Monica Bay are various kinds of polychaetes, smaller crustaceans (entomostracans) and ophiuroids. Others which may be present in abundance at scattered places are various types of mollusks, sipunculids, echiuroids, a stalked brachiopod, nemerteans, and other animals, most of which lie partly or wholly buried in the sediments.
Those in shallower depths are small in size, exceedingly numerous, and perhaps have short life spans. Those in moderate depths tend to be larger in size, fewer in numbers, and are more diversified, The deepest bottoms (in the basin) are impoverished or dead,
The dominance of one or two species over extensive areas, such as has been described from shallow bottoms of western Europe (Danish authors), from Puget Sound (Shelford and associates), from Long Island Sound (Sanders), and other places, has not been observed in either the Santa Monica or San Pedro areas. Instead, populations exist in patterns much like a patch-work design, with irregular or unpredictable recurrences and in various
kinds of associations A few species have been more or
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less constantly associated with certain kinds of sediments. Such are the epifaunal Chloeia pinnata (an amphinomid annelid) and the tubicolous Pectinaria californiensis (the cone worm) on sandy or silty bottoms and in shallow to fairly deep water. Ampharetids (Amphicteis, Amage), Maldane, Nothria pallida and some terebellids are associated with soft muddy bottoms in shallow to greater depths. Species of Glycera, Ampharete, Onuphis nebulosa, Phyllochaetopterus prolifica with attached Scalpellum (stalked barnacle), Pherusa capulata, Isocirrus planiceps, and some other kinds are most frequent in mixed bottoms, especially where coarse sand or gravel prevails. Rocky bottoms support such attached forms as solitary coral, Corynactis (an anemone), various attached serpulid worms, and crevice or nestling kinds as chitons, various other mollusks, and scale worms. Some of the rocky areas of the upper end of Santa Monica Canyon show evidence of former colonies of pholad mollusks, for which occupants have not been recovered. These rocks are now inhabited by borers of smaller dimensions such as sipunculid, a smali clam, Saxicava arctica, a sabellid worm, Hypsicomus, and others. In deep water, wood may be penetrated by another boring mollusk, Xylophaga.
Near effluent outlets, the kinds of bottoms have largely determined the kinds of animal associations. In coarse, mixed bottoms with little or no current, as
at Hyperion, the conspicuous animal is Diopatra ornata.
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Where currents occur, as at Whites Point, it is Chaetopterus variopedatus with Ophiothrix spiculata. In sandy or muddy bottoms it is Nothria elegans, and where bottoms are mixed with gravel it may be Glycera or Nephtys species. The most flourishing population of Diopatra ornata has been found close inshore near Malibu Point. It is adjacent to macrokelps on which it may depend for its food and tube=-building materials, The densest colony of Chaetopterus is at Whites Point, This species feeds by secreting a mucus mesh in which it captures various microorganisms as they are swept along with the currents. The preponderance of a few families of animals is noteworthy. The onuphids are well represented with Diopatra ornata, usually in coarse sediments near shore or near outfalls, and Nothria elegans occurs in finer bottoms at similar levels. In deeper waters, these are replaced by Onuphis nebulosa, QO. vexillaria, Diopatra tridentata, or others. The maldanids, represented in shallow waters by Praxillelila and Axiothella are replaced in other areas by Maidane in soft bottoms, and by Isocirrus in gravelly bottoms. Among the chaetopterids, Chaetopterus is tolerant to effluent and requires currents; Phylio-~ chaetopterus prolifica requires mixed bottoms and thrives in a wide range of vertical depths; Telepsavus occurs in shallow fine sandy sediments; Mesochaetopterus is in soft deeper bottoms, and another kind of Phyliochaetopterus
occurs in subsili depths of the basins.
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Among the glycerids, Glycera americana is predominantly present in mixed bottoms in shallow water. It gives way to G, capitata in finer sediments and deeper water; to G. tesselata at moderate depths, and to G, branchiopoda at deepest levels, Other kinds of systematically-related animals have shown similar patterns of replacement with differences in depth and kinds of sediments. In Santa Monica Bay, such species are in the spionid, magelonid, cirratulid, paraonid, nephtyid, goniadid, and other family groups.
The enteropneusts (acorn worms) are noteworthy for their occurrence in shallow to deep areas. Members of the Spengellidae are represented by no less than three species, and the Ptychoderidae by one or more. Saccoglossus of the spengellids occurs in shallow soft bottoms, and Schizocardium (with perhaps more than one species) has been found in depths of a few feet (in Zone II) to about 2300 feet on the Palos Verdes slope. Stereobalanus has a Similar wide vertical range, and the ptychoderids have
been found in shallow area (Woodwick, in Hartman, 1955).
Faunal Affinities
Geographical
Santa Monica Bay belongs to the temperate east Pacific faunal subdivision, or the Californian Province (Ekman, 1953, pp. 151-156), which reaches north to about
42° north latitude (near Cape Mendocino, California). At
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16
its southern range it extends to Lower California or western Mexico. It is said to be characterized by a southern submergence, which means that species existing in shallow waters to the north, occur at greater depths farther to the south (southern and Lower California), because of gradually rising surface temperatures. Furthermore, the endemic (native) element in the temperate fauna of the North American Pacific Ocean is believed to be developed to the extent that endemic species constitute at least half of all species in the various animal groups. These conclusions were reached from studies based largely on hard=-shelled mollusks, echinoderms, and fishes coming mainly from parts of central California and northward. Applications to southern California is therefore limited except to deeper waters, because the surface temperatures are much higher, In the basin systems of southern California there are perhaps barriers of unknown quantities and kinds, and in Santa Monica Bay there are additional variables resulting from possible effects of pollution, It is difficult, therefore, to find parallel studies, In the best studied groups of metazoan invertebrates (mollusks and echinoderms) there are many specific names, referrring to geographic locations of southern California, which suggests that these species are endemic to these places.
Some comparisons were made with quantitative samples
taken from shallow bottoms near Acapuico, Mexico (collected
17
February 1955 by Jens Knudsen), These showed the presence of some species identical with those in southern Calif- ornia. Many more were lacking from one or the other area, and still others, including the annelid genera, Aglaurides, Chaetacanthus and Hesione, were well represented in the south, but absent in southern California. Cerianthid anemones were abundant and large at Acapulco, but small or of another kind in Santa Monica Bay.
Quantitative studies made in the Puget Sound area of Washington by Shelford and associates (1935) named many species occurring in shallow (to 105 feet) unpolluted level bottoms. The study was based largely on hard- shelled mollusks, many of which do not occur in Santa Monica Bay. A complex system of classification was described. Some species were called biome prevalents or predominants, others were slow moving influents. There were characteristic species and faciations, and intere- actions of coaction and reaction kinds. The Puget Sound area was described with broad expanses characterized by the dominance of one or a few kinds of species, with clear boundaries existing from one expanse to the next. One restricted area in East Sound, with bottoms in 60 to 105 feet, was investigated with a small Petersen bottom sampler which took samples from a tenth of a Square meter. The sediments were then screened through a 0.20 mm mesh. From 14 such samples, 68 metazoan
invertebrate animals were identified (Weese, In Shelford
Pith he oy ely San
“pew: cng itaodtenaats 26, ‘sin rere: ee, | aimeteverd. oo Ee) petted: ang a98 6 1 ; “ere ‘seiaontial ‘galvon wore paaw ® od ey aodns bat) puta as oak baw ooloone
“Ati, aekonae: “t bait mer ra ope as
tesa wit ot poinegaa 's ato, nog) iguitentca nese
iO tk emottod wee Jbavbe) gent, me eon ba ‘one A keome ig daw besagitenvad aan
‘ie io Hime vient avivnan. moet
18
pp. 316-318). Of these, 45 were various kinds of poly- chaetes, 20 were mollusks, and 3 were echinoderms.
Allowing for changes in systematic nomenclature, about
half of the polychaete species are the same as those in Santa Monica Bay, and the other half may be kinds limited to more northern or colder waters. The ratio of poly-= chaete numbers to total individuals counted, in various depths was given as follows: 5016:5276; 36:266(a clam bottom); 6:104 (a clam bottom); 2058:26833 84:205 (a
snail bottom); 165921993; 129421368; 45:1454 (a holothurian bottom); 35:562 (a holothurian bottom); and 39:132 (an echinoderm bottom). From this analysis it will be seen that mollusks are limited to shallower, echinoderms to deeper bottoms, and polychaetes are prominent in all depths. Smaller crustaceans, which might have been present, were not noted. Ophiuroids were said to be most abundant in 90 feet.
Benthonic studies in Japan in the northwestern Pacific (Miyadi and associates, 1940) in shallow (less than 60 feet) nonpolluted areas, emphasized the prepon- derance of certain groups of animals. Polychaetes and mollusks constituted the major parts, with echinoderms and smaller crustaceans next in numbers and all other kinds less than 3%. Two kinds of communities were reco- gnized, a Maldane (bambooworm) in the deeper muddy or sandy bottoms, and a Cerithium (snail) in shallower
shelly bottoms, The Maldane was commonly associated
19
with an amphipod, Ampelisca, and both the worm and the snail communities were characterized by the presence of mollusk genera such as Tellina, Cylichna, Philine, Dentaliun, Nucula, Macoma, and polychaete genera such as Prionospio, _Magelona, Giycera, Terebellides, Sternaspis, Chaetozone, and Praxillella, all of which occur in nonpoliuted areas of southern California.
Most of the species in the benthos of Santa Monica Bay are believed to be endemic; that is, they have restricted, not cosmopolitan, distributions. There are perhaps many which are nearly related to some from similar habitats in other temperate areas, and among the annelids these are Capitella capitata, Maidane sarsi, Chaetopterus vario- pedatus, Terebeilides stroemi, Sternaspis scutata, Scalibregma inflatum, and others, It is noteworthy that although these are not easily distinguished morphologically from their relatives in North Atiantic areas, they may, by detailed study, show physiological or other differences which may have more than varietal significance, For example, Chaetopterus variopedatus is best known for constructing a Ueshaped tube, largely or fully embedded in the substratum except for its distal ends, and it usually harbors commensals of several kinds (a small fish and polynoid). In southern California, however, it forms dense clusters or irregularly tangled tubes clumped together on the surface, and not embedded.
It has never been found to harbor a commensal. In most
» = yscoaet , il tk, ia i | aa cele asic ‘
- ' 7 nd
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my kena ea
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Se
an >
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a ae es vaitiintisn un 9 ‘ada
1 seat ays ati | yt rene? oe ae Fr WE Ro? , by Le bunt! Bi Wh le “drs audi nt mone
ve nf ts
20
cases the specific names of these genera have been avoided,
since a much more detailed study of the species is required. Among the ophiuriods only one, Amphipholis squamata,
is regarded cosmopolitan. Among the amphipods there are
perhaps 2 or 3 species, and among the mollusks there
are believed to be very few. Patchiness
The patterns of patchiness known in the San Pedro area (Hartman, 1955) occur also in Santa Monica Bay, but are less marked. A species may be abundant and conspicuous in one sample, and rare to absent in an adjacent one, but its recurrence can be expected in other more distant samples. These variations might be explained for slight changes in the character of sediments such as size of grain, varying amounts of organic content, differences in nutrient values of the overlying water columns, proximity to kinds of foods, incidental dispersal of larvae, or other indirect causes. Differences in rates and/or times of larvae and other settling stocks which are necessary to replenish the beds, might effectively alter the entire facies of a population. Many smaller species, abounding in shallow water, are known to grow rapidly and may reach maturity within a period of a few weeks or months. This is especially the case for many polychaetes which are numerically and productively high
in Santa Monica Bay.
7 . ere
nena Hon’ \ ea a oe i
3 satalnabs: erie: ie ee, ed san ahi ‘beta sors
\
hee laa ad Taek “pane ae
shea: > dwebauiss
(eve ay ansade OF ie
pt betosars nae eae
wineabisss, #
apes! a Mest =
72 ae dat Eee
eyed nod rte we te he ae ‘gus | tetew ya tytaoya) ous to 25 7 pact “taagexenb saad ogeh iti, apheo
Me an HT ch #2: citing? ee
Ts a Hu TOse at f.
eid Bowtie tetg hii ' re a r ao iaintee, mane
4 ek ‘se Sing) (yet amma tin’: a ao notaei iets ‘pit %
4 eae ‘o4 Monts tie | eee wid Nort’ ab | nitaweiaa
ay
| ase aah ‘ena sate vida bad isa ee " 1 br scl ay make, ; oe oe baa tA a ala is ctr
ee
21
Aside from occasional samples which have been recovered from the bottom with pitch globules, there have been no indications of repellent bottoms such as have been des- cribed in British Seas (Wilson, 1953). Sediments of _nonpolluted areas have been classed as attractive, neutral, or repellent in their reactions to settling of larvae. According to this theory, attractive factors derived from organic activity, such as a coat of living microorganisms as bacteria, can be too abundant or too few for settling of some species. Bottoms with dead organisms and non-living organic matter can be actually repellent,
Where compositions of sediments appear about the same (such as fine mud), the kinds, proportions, and densities of animal species may vary considerably in adjacent areas, Exception can be made to the more immediate areas of the outfails, where differences in kinds of associations are more accurately expressed in terms of distance (within 1 to 3 miles) from the end of the pipe and with kinds of sediments.
Because of patchiness in shallower bottoms, it is difficult to repeat samples with like results, even though they presumably come from identical bottoms.
It should be noted, however, that the associations of species, rather than individual kinds and amounts, share the common characteristics and can provide an index of
productivity. Beyond these shallower depths the assemblages
-
;
oe
i . .
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i pee ie? yg ot Heo Es MA, abe yh Hash ieger | ern
a i x wane Bh ova ams <4! ie yids “abd, a ghigsanun |
a . punt eo fae as see oud enn hea vs aast
<r ae jms ie + maton eu ‘oe cae nat |
Mi f
ies nt re enerto® i) — dios! Ngiigh
rod ON : ; 7 ; f Pike ‘ J, ‘ rae wry 5 oihi
Nileiton od a +: wae tbat ss Lesa ps veh, vera
Ay
TR ata hs, wets ty 4 pain Bb Ke te
yt oe pao SIH Vos i pelea Ce
mn wtiexens anon gra Sa a ving ti |
Peery wei ew iy olga “pe ern, ad ij ssi aoe A
qe ehirky ae av pawn kp sonal:
gy kg ‘end en ees ied vation vy at ‘a pins FY f
-enaiianbeg oa eh
aR) ‘panei nel, main shane re Weeicbto ten an nah
(Hove nt vas at Ane paints nies ed Ti
aren etanoma sek otha Bootes, aay, satis!
ote nenae rr Biver | two ion eed
ant jie wah miwo! fede in
‘rae
22
of organisms vary with greater horizontal distance and reflect differences in kinds of sediments, amounts of light intensities, decreasing temperature ranges and perhaps other physical factors.
Diversity resulting from cyclic (seasonal or diurnal) or from meteorological changes are believed to be insig- nificant in Santa Monica Bay, except in the shallowest parts where bottom temperature or salinities might differ from one season to another, or after prolonged rainfalls.
One of the most striking phenomena of patchiness in areas of southern California has been observed in the accumulating evidence for unusual abundance of certain gregarious species occurring in one, or a few, restricted patches, perhaps not exceeding several square yards in’ extent, In Santa Monica Bay there are such beds as Schizocardium (enteropneust) with commensal pinnixid crabs at Zone II-6, Dentalium rectius (scaphopod) at V-2, Thalassema sp. (echiuroid worm) at V-6 and V-7, Pisione nr, remota (polychaete) at II-1, Glottidia albida (brachiopod) occurs in many shallow areas in Santa Monica Bay, but the individuals are usually small, presumably immature, and few in number in any one sample. Mature individuals have been found in unusual abundance at only one place (Station 3410-55) off Palisades on the outer side of Santa Catalina Island in 20 fathoms. Myxicola sp. (polychaete) is sparse in most parts of
southern California, although it is to be found in shallower
i trina sobs Alin ha abil: a a pre, rie wah aren ‘i haapaed: ae
et be oh re eae. daa eying’ k ; bidiephbo. BO deena ‘iets ats ats Lpakaie ‘raenay
- erry ih a baud th em, okgtvaalan: | woes kis “ eats a) | wapomert Lie att, Jah. aad we by, ii ee re 4 i ae | - 1vi2 Lb ‘Yglas | oa - ay , id vied en: a ae iis ee ian eu , | en sista i actu stig warined este: Lae ' ont pe bovepen ey “ee: ken ih on mis ” 2 imide, Be i v kha yee te pehibii re Eaieoa | ia seenbeim ancient e: 3 “Dispeenens yp RNR ak ire (mee ah per ac an tobe. son ¥ iv : %/ ha aby /ensuign id Laven: edie ni nee aire a : ey -. cea vie eu re eas wasdt Sait astnoll phage 7 +
a enh ee bey ; RaeoO Ki skel Ry Aoicaeay <a een ts
RN baa Ani Ra. Coprow, tiara
i BERS
bthoie. samt ts Gch Spat wee. ee ia ve er ae Keene wodduste shal ah ‘enone t ei rt i bbhes Me at 4! Line ebtaues ih ubwicti ay a wi et yee aint 7 ¥ . a ag any ‘aati Re i, Tapa wh wa cr Sea 14 mos bi eM
wD asters ane arti i: mish, foe fy al i raat elias # ap t ts wobiak lai bo pabeonne aontaed yp ee La ha .
id oti’: ce tk bunt ubsena? apnad ‘oe. aye ced bide 4, 4008 ub 9) eae hs oennent 4
23
areas where currents prevail, sometimes in Chaetopterus beds, or in rocky shaley pockets. However, off Santa Rosa Island (Station 3505-55) it occurs in a flourishing aggregate of large individuals that has not been found
_ at any other locality. A conspicuous bed of Lacqueus californicus (brachiopod) is believed to be present along a rocky shelf off Empire Landing, on the leeward side
of Santa Catalina Island, in less than 40 fathoms, Its occurrence in other areas is noted only as scattered email clusters or individuals, usually with one or a few valves of another brachiopod, Terebratalia transversa,
in rocky outcrops of similar depths. It seems possible that these and other unique aggregations survive through periods of years, and that they have biological properties which encourage the settling of new stocks to insure existence through successive generations. At any rate, it must be assumed that there is no sparsity of larval
or settiing stocks in other more distant areas. Systematic Classification of Faunail Units in Santa Monica Bay
Any scheme of classification must ultimately be by systematic categories so that each species will have a binomial name which can be recognized by other scientists. Its place in the phylogenetic scale will then be established. In Santa Monica Bay, as well as most of southern California, this is a problem of the greatest magnitude because many
of the animals (including some economically important ones)
gusepee” “ty! wed Piiaptgenice A) | 1 “Bios teeny “eet 6e nddatadt “ie Goiego ido iad | M oy + nok, brane aut vat, opel aikgral Ye. iteod, am - : ss ‘arr wamottal On: wit nase al. hasnt, ay e902) | “Beiprtasa! ‘eu! etn Wahod’ we ga auth. ae hiss > ‘wot a x0 sag dba: etagen Bea
a a Amaawans ait
. ie atatanog, Binhea +E. ste valet: a 1 is ov ie oa “ wapiaatt os agaye: wan Ne Bak risa rae o* ea son $A ‘aay eexaney oy eel “ar ; havea to (2 taande oe et | ae | er re suadabt De son ak
Seales
ai esiaoh e)nat nk eta ta aft by eh ate
Bi
‘saa ‘sistamiete ue ae saghy piniwnile a a Va i ee f
-sbalanaise: aons9 hw brs dstynsian oe hint i pee aDOBnitdaned #6) bused ‘Bike stn _ Oh saitane a ee ak 9
wd pb:
Mia
te
| 4 ' : ane eigen nha
24
are still unknown,
Among the smaller crustaceans, which include about 150 species and abound in most of the shallower bottoms, especially in the environs of outfalls or other polluted _areas, 90% of the amphipods, 80 to 90% of the cumaceans, and 80 to 90% of the ostracods are considered to be unknown (Personal cummunication, Dr, J. Laurens Barnard). These three crustacean, groups are not only highly differen- tiated, but may have indicator value,
The worm-like animals, including the polychaetes, echiuroids, sipunculids, nemerteans, enteropneusts, phoronids and solenogasters, are ali well represented in Santa Monica Bay, but are among the least known of ali invertebrates. Thepolychaetes (segmented worms) are represented by no less than 350 species, most of which are poorly or not known, They occur at all depths and in moderate to great abundance, and are associated with sediments and other animals in predictable numbers and kinds, The echiuroids (spoon worms) are represented by 5 to 10 species, all either unknown or recorded through only original descriptions, Sipunculids (peanut worms) and nemerteans (ribbon worms) are conspicuous and easily recognized when present, but their systematic categories remain to be determined, Enteropneusts (acorn worms) of large size have been found to occur in significant parts of Santa Monica Bay and at varying depths. According
to the authority of specialists, they have not been studied
he nt % siscaner oo tdi vite x bine ae Cte ) se denny om % june iat : Syne is Ka i be aes “ : | Kae! dw big baie perk z ny pint yen, wie tte Ne Senn!
4
Saree bode! stnan’ aa: ida “anna
tganitt bab pose fae | svt welt . eee f jane’ Canenom: toes Pitas tinea aan it
, i faue beg. reals bead ae
eater repre: rrr) inggrn9 io iff pi Me i: va ot brie noanb hia et! 4
inde t Vag paethan ok oes wr ay tn bona rai
HE en
25
or named, Solenogasters (worm-like mollusks) have been found in a wide variety of bottoms and at different depths. They are currently being studied by specialists in Europe who have tentatively identified 10 to 20 different kinds of Chaetoderma, a Limifossor and a neomeniid, all of which represent either new records or unknown kinds.
Echinoderms (especially brittle stars, sea urchins, seastars and cucumbers) are rather well known (Personal communication, F, C, Ziesenhenne) and were found to be represented by 58 species, The brittle stars were found to be particularly characteristic in some parts of the bay (see Analyses below).
Small mollusks (pelecypods and gastropods) are present in considerable numbers where the effects of pollution are low. Because of hard shelled parts they are eaSily collected, but their specific determinations are made with difficuity. Their systematic study is in progress and when completed these groups may show sig- nificant patterns of distribution and abundance. In the adjacent San Pedro area, the shelled hinds comprise about 132 categories (Personal communication, Donald Wilson). In a recent study of mollusks from the offshore islands of southern California (Berry, 1956), 91 species were reported from 11 to 58 fathoms, dredged from muddy and algal bottoms. The number of individuals in single dredge
hauls ran as high as 198 for Amphissa undata (small snail),
eres
| Cae
7:
_yentitine ‘ene ake eeoeved
an
Kano agen erat roc, ipa rn fc) ot Pew sion 4 Bend, Rnaens
“aie osou wade i
pele te fs eee aire B
oe
b vbr ws Escsing mgs) io
aeget Frage eb ‘bakt only wnat ties el ‘bia as ; oo: sad if dig rey whe CE tay! ead Degrient sarod % ee ees
waa ie ree lak yeni’ eh, amine te :
26
105 for Acila castrensis (small clam) and 98 for Mitrella carinata (snail). Another haul north of Anacapa Island had no less than 59 species. The other kinds of animals in these hauls were not named.
Illustrated faunal handbooks and keys for ready identification of the invertebrate animals of southern California are greatly needed in attempting a study of many of these groups of animals. Many are stiil unknown or unrecorded. Until these needs are supplied, studies of other kinds will not only be discouraging, but im-
possible, Ecological Classification of Faunal Units
A systematic classification is an expression of genetic differences between the various faunal units and therefore expresses progressive degrees of develop- mental similarity or relationship. An ecological classi- fication, on the other hand, is an expression of degrees of social integration, of adaptational modifications and adjustments to environmental factors, This results in grouping organisms according to unrelated phenomena, such as the kinds of sediments they inhabit, the character of the food they eat, the levels of temperature or light tolerances, and other factors of external origin.
Although ecological classification has no phylogenetic Significance, it is valuable to recognize groups or
associations of animals, which may have indicator value,
fs : ': it Neri ‘ “ ny 7 an a Bee y ANE. he tere | -e Pe ata Bs | :
Beet BY hie tents Fy )
| ‘hart uals 8 te: aren Loa ‘eae | suited id dip feaniae oat laskiae ie
x at det if 7 ' Neth rik ae Lahowad 0n' bathe tows | “baie hol Cod thie hone ey, Lane mt er: th mabatta 1. Catigiesionn shaavan ave oat) 6" are
vain a hy oie uit inion nb hetreen iron: e eel th
i . “iene ont es ba i ‘eal bg % ayes, anaett a ee “apibie baker -_ mean eat: ret anata: : a 7 arin heures hey aes a aa
zt i
phseahe apie 08) ah te pa og #i
“peas ae Ronee GN ne aR er
i verbueey eee aaron oe die 93
4
a aanane aE din ang sini am BNE OD 28: om ioamae
‘eh oneal’ one 7) ‘ndint ne igaiha rma a) oma},
fuga 94: cana gina Ky blwvas word y 18D pd, oe a i Toit i tases bssgwin or ® HOt OR,, sae ee |
ee
' 4
27
but vary with time and place, with depth, and with geography. Once known, however, they predict not only their living environment, but the physical and nonbiological factors or changes with a higher degree of accuracy than can be done with mechanical instruments, In Santa Monica Bay these assemblages or associations of organisms have been found not only to differ appreciably with varying distances from the ends of the outfall, but to vary in kind, in organic productivity, and according to the sediments they occupy. These results are expressed more fully in the Analyses of samples from these faunal zones, A single association from shallow bottoms of Santa Monica Bay may be represented by a quantitative sample taken from a bottom area measuring two to four square feet, in a volume of sediments measuring from one to three cubic feet, Actually the samples have varied considerably from these dimensions, usually in the lesser directions, A sample may contain between 50 to 90 different kinds of metazoan invertebrate animals, numbering from 500 to 1000 individuals, in various stages of growth to maturity. These assemblages exist in integrated though constantly changing patterns, and maintain inter- and intraspecific stabilities over periods of time that may exceed a year. Because they are believed to include largely species with short life histories (less than a year), there must be the constant replacement of popu-
lations by young individuals, many of which pass through
“ ay wih he se
ie oy. ten
at sai alae | ’ re
te
aniiian New
VLR ok ce Wai
‘nfo nonanifig Mae at HOR 5 acl i ) i
Hispana q ( F lag edly
We | ines sex
as DS
asian sino;
i ae Ga) aay
“aoua thee seth
ee ook. ees
28
swimming or planktonic stages in the upper columns of water.
Any factor that might affect one of the units of such an association, such as diminished food supplies or other unfavorable physical or chemical conditions or disease, might effectively upset a balance which could bring about a change in the facies of the entire asso- ciation. Such changes have doubtless occurred in the past, and continue to occur in Santa Monica Bay. As evidence, there are not only the dead remains of former inhabitants, such as shell or tube fragments and bored rocks, but there exist unusual abundances of some kinds of animals which would not be normally expected unless there was an unbalance of feeding types. These abundance peaks are most prominent in Zone I (Limited Enriched Sector). It is noteworthy that areas of displaced popu- lations are perhaps constantly being restocked by animals of other kinds, Settling stocks as swimming or creeping larvae may be constantly available from outside sources, but only few kinds might be expected which can establish themseives. The replacement of worn out, starved, or overpolluted areas in Santa Monica Bay may be ecologically complex, It may differ with time of year and with depth and kind of bottom, The temperature, salinity, and pollu- tion tolerances of the invading animals, are other factors of importance,
Animals can be further classified according to the
ee seebeas vay) the wot m mal ink ‘areas! anaes nent womens re a
aches 1 ; bong! bite L afomery ed es) iaeedh omwh Ya ee pasted, tain’ one septs ne
bP agli boron yt bene a ‘ton seam» fete ats
pancho: ‘i eat Waser ‘git nie, mena SM, ees
Ny!
eda ate ‘hist on 1 anit oe ae ‘sat hig ce a
otto: bata” enka MEN ot eat sao so Fy) » eoaltty ge entra Buters: ee ihe:
29
depth of horizon at which they exist, from shallow (a few feet), to slope and deep (2940 feet) areas (see Zones I to VI for the major areas in Santa Monica Bay). They can also be classified according to biological requirements, such as varying amounts of dissolved oxygen, or lack of it (the near absence of life in sub- Sill parts of Santa Monica Basin may be the result of such a lack), These animais can be classified according to their feeding habits as predators or scavengers (living on dead animal food), carnivores (flesh-eaters), herbivores (plant feeders), detritus feeders (such as most animals near Hyperion), limnivores (ingesting mud with contained microorganisms), filter feeders (straining water containing nutrients), or as commensals or parasites (depending on other animals for their food). Aili of these are represented in Santa Monica Bay. In normal habitats, ali feeding groups can be expected to be represented in an association, In the environs of the outfall, however, most species are detritus feeders(polychaetes and Astro- pecten), Predators are occasional, entering the area as foragers (such as larger Cancer crabs, frog snail, and flounder fishes).
Species vary according to tolerances to salinity so that near the outfall where large volumes of nonmarine water are introduced, most echinoderms, mollusks, many entomostracans and polychaetes are unable to exist. As
the effects of these dilutions decrease, the number of
<? - : te Loni (tea ‘alts
i Se ni ‘i me, satu nae ww noe diane ll “wa Wak:
. onesoatle: — eyes 7 esate gs _ a we (nh 1 Hawt sein ol te n 4 Fe ‘ v “J
it a2
6 7 abil, uta e) ni wa an wh Pah et aie Ly ' Fe nie ie pe ae >: . : A ln iy ay es ahs Wade er
hevad ws ry elt i anol? i pL aon
dala aa ee auch st
PO my eco i hae mx /
shan! pudronpes ) aesorteital fea.
“een Gi t ORR RE ONSD DT RPS ET, a | ya nei ayate nines stems Lat
REPRE HAA SO OR? Hh an i Danny s sans nothin nade
igen he lb ia
st ws,
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oa eh a a poke i euat me rhe rag ua
(iit
Die . Dh bie . wade Maes ok th Rea ieee rt we GM Bs,
oh ie % y ened i i 58 i its : wat ie Sy est Cg i, i
iat Cees: Mg ks ih Nica oy Ae oa Jaa wh
; ts ae | hs) bad aoe 4 & et _ oice ‘ Hy Ly pe
(a
4 a oO Ge baking, phat. y Bee phe
th ty
vine ey en eapmentnke tie? whee et ee
, Pea wits he Nein yeh or op kane 0 Peay f ue Fon | ie “i
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S BES | '
we ack nt 7
30
kinds invading the areas is gradually enlarged and approaches peak productivity.
Ecologically these species vary according to the sediments they occupy; whether mud, silt, sand, gravel, rock, algae, or mixed bottoms. In the sediments they maintain over (pelagic), on (epifaunal), or in (infaunal) positions, The positions may differ according to stages of life history, for some have pelagic eggs and larvae, and at a certain age they sink to the bottom and creep about, seeking suitable sediments for settling. Once a suitable habitat is found, they metamorphose and grow to maturity in the sediments, Other animals may be errant or foraging as adults (crabs, Chloeia, many snails), or they may be attached to a substratum, as hydroids, barnacles, bryozoans, Many are tubicolous and construct characteristic tubes which require building materials of exact kind and size, according to kind or species, Others are nestling and occupy the burrows or tubes made by other kinds, or they may be somewhat buried (seawhip, Giottidia), or burrowing (many mollusks, worms, some urchins), Each kind has specific requirements which differ from those of others, and each species is uniquely modified to occupy its niche at maximum efficiency.
In Santa Monica Bay only a few boring species have been identified, Such are some sipunculids, in dead tests of Dendraster, Zone II, and others in shaley rocks
in outer parts of Zone I, A small clam (Saxicava) occurs
ith
‘ooucindl obs $8) Ta on si
R ih
IA, pia ‘Rite, eh ee
aay) *idbeldereyeanes veer aa iG
pe Hoang sh ab ety i race ys aia anon bites ite belive oe es q hd a: 24 wb ay ae ied gdp es a gk he ta datdutwie be wi ahd a it ot La bi) tt
ee: ‘ inpari 4 is AE ee Wh oop ee ters
qtowps i) me ” ibe
W
31
in calcareous rock and a boring sabellid in the outer areas of Zone I, A deep-water boring mollusk, Xylophaga, occurs in water-logged wood. Commensal species may be more frequent than current records indicate, Astropecten (the large sand seastar) harbors two polychaetes, and a small clam is frequently overrun with a creeping hydroid. Parasitic forms have been infrequent or perhaps overlooked. Such are parasitic crustaceans (copepod on Terebellides; rhizocephalan in Gnathia) and others, The presence of commensals or parasites with host species can be regarded as a normal or healthy condition , and when one of the association species is absent, it is usually the most dependent one (in such cases, the parasite).
In Santa Monica Bay it has been found convenient to classify animal associations according to increasing distance from the ends of effluent pipes. Six such areas have been identified, varying with successive distance from an inner zone, at intervals of a haif, to several miles, The inner, or most shoreward zone, the Beach- Sand Fauna, is characteristic of much of the strand of Santa Monica Bay, and may be littie influenced by the effects of pollution. Only one sample, I W-1, was examined. It contained mainly sand worms, Nephtys californiensis, several snaiis, a sand crab, a prochordate, and numerous smaller sand-dwelling species. Ali of these species may be dug up along the sandy beach at low tide.
Sample I W-2, from the bottom under the end of the
LAr a a
bi i 4"
o- Loo feed vos penee Dhaka: conto oe “gptaegep tea gttas tai misons4 ‘Hie wz 1 ett bn i ‘a | . “ ebay RTI MRL IN on Syoeana Cantae 2 tea bho shy salgoeis. # aha my eeivd hauranie a" aly
Dies “Gpeavotlinva cadena, 0) tagivonnhax nied per
¢ sebitss Leite. tet’ ne Met ‘fen ¥ “etka haw wth : oh + seh's beg Oh
i
me iy ln, Roaseei ey “eatin a ba | " Hitter « fe,
ee No” S88: Aiea ae 1 esha selon, me | ce:
2
\ ea sey she" bare a Kepisged Pini
i
éniucens hE ar ghkbouadll's i aoe h oan, f tama: ¥i ; a ;
Beers Aoud) xy S00 by ene wD Yor abn ‘ann fae a
i ey ; : SaeR Eb ovinawsour | ane ged wi ae SONNE ae ;
saneves o Fe Lats wy teed ri a anh: ae er. ‘yw
— Eta, - cr, 98 ( ead: deo: Hews aede, Date ws eathi at s
v Hae, &
ee hhesta mit: ay “obi ene Ain abode: wk
wt 1G: basal pig Mad dante oH Yas by ei, vat #98
amie ad i rate site Mai wre nb igs
sit any nr wee uf fA a sith oth en ‘pe Ae
&, saab rottbos 8 pe tsa ia “* vere acing, “id iy
| sKod) Pt Pes Canoe Prasat pw jetta | ‘nd dione
he dae ar)
‘job pias vhetne oh ee
32
pipe, is regarded as a Limited-Pollution-Fauna. Most characteristic were two onuphids, Nothria elegans and Diopatra ornata, also Nephtys caecoides and Glycera americana, These are also intertidal forms and can withstand considerable exposure or dilution. Other samples in this zone (I SW-1), where sediments were coarse, had considerably more Diopatra and some other kinds, Their kinds and numbers increase gradually with greater distance from the pipe (Zone IW-3 to 6), and they come to attain excessive numbers and sizes farther away (Zone I W-6 to 12) where the greatest numbers and largest sizes are found. Thus we may speak of peaks of productivity or maximum biomass in this zone.
Biomass is an expression of the quantity of organic matters expressed in terms of unit areas. It varies with kinds of bottoms, and with depth so that the greatest volumes are usuaily in shallow depths. In Santa Monica Bay such peaks are related to amounts of nutrients supplied by the effluent. They have been observed in a variety of species (Figure 4), some of which are listed, and others are named in the Analyses. Such peaks of pro- ductivity have been observed persisting through different months of the year. Thus they are probably not seasonal or fluctuating or the resuits of large numbers of larval or juvenile individuais, but perhaps are directly pro- portional to increased nutrients and indirectly to variations
in salinity from normal sea water. The estimated biomass
» suka haneat (Ab Bigwt cm om | : , io ‘) A age eqnicol Te vatence - ae i ; ieee Wik mii dabbruytai ees ‘pk neath a. : ‘wating co paki th, tie x uIgsanaee ‘texan haoon 7 wath: agen ode, shewaaboe erent, hbo ) Fi. ; sl J dine: a je, nate ‘anos bi Pon hes * | panpleT atibap ye ya aig op Seater » vedinw a ba at naar p | his. sare hag be accu: enony one bey ie as re Wee ere oem aban writing ‘ome, na ipo dectencns avid eo : ao rr ‘se ALM Peegent ; si a Sette hit nner, el: ied . es, dee te bv ne basa de odor te, dene: we » au ath : | mae | . ° | Bf abies okie fe Yi
abeays x6 Thiel id Faw bit Wek thes Pin ui a
iat qekey pe mee) oR NG eid? Hell 0 + ;
teen hiwan ra efit hadi ad i has) Ae. hea awd us Sai 2
wit nol ahage af, 9 pabteeat tind Linatie dot ahthaen, aya ha “ Reilayse atietsien | he: ebipins iid Sinaia. bial cobs of
rvetaay a ie tothe 26a ¢ ne shi adh ie sigh ie
ew shaven aah, dak He, te BOS | eh Geaneay
«og 6: aba: ape i we patti “hala “lk be an ‘ay
srs ites Hawa pies Pate. a ‘Worn fe’ ane” ova ‘G bw
an! Lavna.atga) tai: pheaert: wae yen apie he sey wits, joe .
na ee aca! 4a) muacncas sata” hiv. eA fue, age ae hey ; Pl i i j mi) ON ro4g 1 a 4 ee te et } tna is! "
y i)
33
Figure 4. Graph showing estimated biomass values in Zone
I, with peak productivity at I-19 to 20.
b N
Volume of Animals inml.
500
o
LS o
~ Ww
Li PQ AF: eC S tC GUT ah Bk LORe 2 16 Ae 190.) 20 (22) Pollution Limited Unlimited - Tolerant ERriched Diminished
Estimated Biomass Values,in milliliters for samples takenin Zone I, from 1 to 22.
Se SS eon ee
Se ee
Se ee ee ee ee
“o5.- “She ee
she ar aE aie we
; “hig facet wheel rerien id:
34
values, taken from samples in Zone I-1 to 22, are indicated in Figure 5. Polychaetes with peaks of productivity, the numbers
of individuals, and the location of zone or area are:
Ampharete ?arctica 200+ individuals (San Pedro) Aricidea sucailea 90+ at 224 (San Pedro)
Brada ?pilosa 25 at Ve25
Capitella capitata nearly 1000 at 42 (San Pedro) Chloeia pinnata 150+ at II-7
Chaetopterus variopedatus hundreds off Whites Point Chone ecaudata 200+ at 69 (San Pedro)
Dorvillea articulata 200+ at 42 (San Pedro)
Eumida ?sanguinea 41+ at 42 (San Pedro)
Exogone sp. 26 at I NW-4
Glycera capitata 16+ at I SW-8 Goniada littorea 12 at III-1
Haploscoloplos elongatus 13+ at I NW-3 Harmotho® lunulata var. 10 or more at III-4 Lumbrineris spp. 100+ at II-=-7
Magelona (pouched) 20+ at I SW-3
Maidane sp. 50+ at V=23
Nephtys californiensis 15 at I W-1
Nereis procera 70+ at I SW-1
Nothria elegans 35+ at I SW-3
Nothria pailida many at V-=17
Pectinaria californiensis 90+ at I W-10
Phyllochaetopterus ?prolifica 50+ at II-3
35
Figure 5, Graph showing peak productivity of two associated ophiuroids in the Limited-Enriched-Fauna of
Zone I,
Chit
y
300
250
200
175-
30
BES 6 ve Bee TOM Wee ee MG ie Is)
Bocaniomim Zone Ll. Chart comparing Maximal numbers of Amphipholis squamata in Zoné LWGolid line) and Zone I SW, broken with peak numbers between 8 and 11.
36
Pisione nr remota many at II-1
Prionospio nr malmgreni 120+ at II-2 Prionospio pinnata 40 at I SW-6
Ophiuroid echinoderms with peaks of productivity
and location:
Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica 654 individuals at
I W-113 441 at I W-9; 328 at I SW-9; 141 at I SW-8; 123 at I W-73; 118 at I NW-8; and 46 at I W-16 Amphiodia (Amphispina) digitata 531 at I W-10
47 at III-11; and 37 at I We13.
Amphipholis squamata 305 at I W-11; 176 at I SW-8; 157 at I W-103 126 at I SWe-9; and 78 at III-11. Amphiacantha amphacantha 24 at V-4
Ophoithrix spiculata a thick mat with hundreds of
individuals in a sample off Whites Point.
Bio-index is an expression of the ratio of number of species to that of individuals. It varies with kind of bottom and with depth. In shallow areas it is lowest in mixed bottoms where currents prevail (as at Whites Point), or in Santa Monica Bay in Zone II, It rises sharply with depth to Zone VI where the ratio approaches one.
In Santa Monica Bay there is a marked decrease in numbers of species with increasing depth. They may drop
from 60 or 90 species in a shallow sample from 60 feet,
ee eisubkvibnd oe t oe te “ paine | bgt t fade Low
ape ks i
377
to 3 or none in 2820 feet. Variations from a straight descending line graph may result partly from imperfect sample sizes, or they may reflect the presence of a few larger predaceous individuals or other patterns of
patchiness, Indicator Species
An indicator species is one which can provide precise information in geography, ecology and distribution, or one which can indicate characteristics of physical and chemical significance. Such species, to be of value, have certain requirements, They should be specifically identified, they should be endemic to an area, not cosmopolitan in range, and their horizontal and ecological limits should be known, They should be easily recognized so that their identity cannot be confused with nearly related ones, In some recognizable form of their life history they should occur in all seasons, or at least not fluctuate. For those undergoing changes in develop- ment, their stages should be known and recognizable.
They should also occur in sufficient numbers to represent stable, not stray, populations (Sverdrup, Johnson, and Fleming, 1942). Their tolerances to varying amounts of salinities, to changes in temperature, to varying concen- trations of silt, to possible toxic substances, or degrees of acclimitization of these factors should be
known, Thus, sedentary or attached species have greater
38
indicator value than foraging or roaming kinds.
In Santa Monica Bay the use of indicator species seems especially practical because many occur as aggregates or in association, and have limited ecological dist- ributions. Some of these by location in zones and
alphabetic by group are:
Ampharete ?arctica near outfall, nr 42 (San Pedro) Aricidea epee at I SW-1, 3, 6; II-1, 3, and 8. Capitella capitata at SW-3 and nr 42 (San Pedro) Chaetopterus variopedatus rare in SMB; common at
27, 43, 110, and 186 in San Pedro area.
Chloeia pinnata at I SW-8; II-7; and III-5
Chone ecaudata at 69 in San Pedro area
various cirratulids, especially Tharyx, Chaetozone,
at I W-1 and 2; I SW-1, 3, and 6; I NW-1 and 9. Diopatra ornata I SW-1; I NW-2
Eumida ?sanguinea rare in SMB; nr 42 in San Pedro area Giycera americana and G. capitata in varying distances from the outfall.
Hypoeulalia sp. at I W-1
Lumbrineris cruzensis, L. bicirrata and other kinds,
at varying distances from the outfall.
Magelona spp. differing in depth at varying distances Nephtys ferruginea at I SW-3 and 6
Nereis procera at I SW-1, 2, 3; I NW-3 and 4
Nothria elegans at I W-2 and 4; I SW-2 and 3; I NW-1
rte
ae et
§ eft bevoecs
heave ealnmreg emilee
fk Tas
bh A
poet rt Bex a \ aK i Bice i. i
ie i
POY a Set *
39
Onuphis nebulosa at I W-13, gravelly or sandy bottoms remote from the outfall
Pectinaria californiensis varying distances from the outfall, associated with fine sand.
Pherusa capulata_ gravelly bottoms remote from outfall Pherusa inflata penetrating soft shaley rocks Pholo#® at I W-8; II-7; and III-5
Pisione nr remota at II-1; 36b in San Pedro area Prionospio pinnata at I W-7; I SW-6
Rhynchospio arenincola 63a (San Pedro)
Tharyx parvus at I W-2; I NW-7; I SW-6
Echinoderms with:
Amphiodia (Amphispina) digitata at I W-10
Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica at I W-9 and 11; I SW-9 Amphipholis squamata at I We-10, 11, and 12; I SW-8 and 9; I NW-8; III-11
Ophiothrix spiculata 42a (San Pedro) requiring current Astropecten californicus in Limited-Enriched-Fauna
near the outfall
A checklist with keys to systematic entities of the commoner species from a given geographic region would be most valuable to permit the analyses and evaluation of different populations, In southern California this lack is one of the greatest obstacles in ecological surveys,
for many large and important animals are either unknown
_ ananaiobedo
40
or unreported. Results of Some Other Biological Observations
A fish-kill in June 1956, resulting in the death of several hundred tons of fishes, along the shallow beaches of Santa Monica Bay was found to have been caused by the discharge of large volumes of scalding water by the Edison power plant, The fishes examined were surf- perches and measured 3 to 5 inches long.
The use of current meter lines along outer parts of Zone I resulted in occasional catches of the large sand sea-star, Astropecten californicus, with commensal poly- chaetes, Arctono® and Podarke, both of which do not occur with their host in the more immediate environs of the effluent outfall. The fire-body, Pyrosoma atlanticum ( a colonial tunicate), was occasionally snagged on lines during the summer months.
Lobster traps baited with dead fish were set at varying distances from the outfall, with the following results. On one line extending 1.2 to 3 miles from the Hyperion stack, in depths of 10 to 25 1/2 fathoms, traps were dropped in the evening and pulled up in the morning. The stations were those of the VELERO IV numbered 4448-56 to 4451-56.
Station 4448-56, in 60 feet.
Bursa californica, the frog snajl; two larger
sand dab fishes; 9 Astropecten californicus;
ene
7 eo Tyen2aao8 ms nh tt
41
17 medium large Cancer crabs: Cancer jordani -3: one female 50 by 75 mn, with spent egg capsules, and two smaller immature males, Cancer antennarius-14: none with attached eggs or larve; male, 149X95 mm, 429 grams (wet weight) male, 130X80 mm, 273.5 grams female, 140X95 mm, 458 grams female, 120X80 mm, 247 grams female, 148X95 mm, 404.5 grams female, 130X85 mm, 288 grams other juvenile males and females, about two-thirds grown, some spotted or immature stages.
The following were attached to the shell of Bursa: Balanus tintinabulum californicus numerous living juveniles and some large dead shells. Crepidula the common slipper shell- one Sabellaria gracilis a sand builder- 2, one ovigerous
The debris from the animals in the trap contained: immature gastropods, perhaps Eulima- 11 a brown papillated nudibranch a slender dark-purple immature leech several kinds of amphipods
a cumacean bearing ova
42
a parasitic cyclopoid copepod, with a pair of long egg cases Podarke pugettensis, hesionid polychaete several small specimens of a chrysopetalid polychaete 2 nematodes Substation 4448-56 Same as above but using a plastic mesh lining in the trap. When recovered, the openings of the trap had a very large Cancer antennarius wedged across the aperture. The trap contained only 3 moderate-sized Astropecten californicus, a juvenile Cancer jordani in the process of moulting. Station 4449-56 1.7 miles from Hyperion stack in 84 feet of water. The trap contained: Astropecten californicus 6 moderately large Cancer antennarius 3 large with attached Balanus male, 145X100 mm, 575 grams female, 135X90 mm 368 grams (no eggs) female, 135X90 mm, lacking chelae, 256 grams no eggs. Balanus tintinabulum californicus on carapaces of Cancer Station 4450-56 1.95 miles from Hyperion stack in 102 feet of water, The trap contained: Cancer antennarius 8 large: 4 males and 4
females, all with attached barnacles on the
43
exposed surfaces of the carapaces. The largest male, 175X115 mm, lacked two walking legs and weighed 827 grams. Station 4451-56 3 miles from Hyperion stack in 153 feet of water, The trap contained: Cancer antennarius 6; the largest a male, 168X110 mm, weighed 857 grams. Astropecten californicus 7 Balanus tintinabulum californicus, on carapaces
of Cancer crabs.
From these results it appears that not only crabs and snails forage in search of food, but that Astropecten
has similar habits. Comparative Food Vaiues of the Benthonic Animals
The wide-spread use of bait-worms in various parts of the world indicates the preference of many fishes for this kind of food. Commonly used are several kinds of Glycera, Marphysa, nereids, nephtyids, opheliids, Arenicola, and others. (The frequently used terms blood, sand or proboscis worms, refer to color, habitat or some part of the animal. The names differ with locality and have no specific meaning.) Soft-shelied clams and sand shrimps are also used for bait. These animals are the most natural foods of animals in the sea. Some animals which occur in great numbers, such as sea-stars and brittle-stars,
have little if any food value, whereas urchins may be
epson tho’: Ry enssine
‘ ie
Rs
mgiasge a toate see beat ea) deen
ata phnodiviod att. pr ons ew ut aes ° . " Pa ;
ee ‘
2,
. eer pda. ban, maian 8 Herat | Mites 3 , +O wd ia i nat 1), RONG da hd babe Tae een “pi. Cue
44
sought for by some foraging animals, Pelagic larvae of many benthonic animals are a chief source of food,
It is generally agreed (Blegvad, 1951) that many animals select their food and that they seldom change diets. Benthonic animals can be regarded as the chief source of food for predators and carnivores. Fluctuations in their kinds and numbers can thus provide and index of productivity of animals in higher categories, Ina series of studies on the food of bottom-feeding fishes of Danish waters, Blegvad regarded most pelecypods and smaller crustaceans and nearly all polychaetes as first class plaice food. The amounts by weight and frequency in stomach contents of fishes, gave worms the highest ratings, varying from 50 to 90% Pelecypods and crusta- ceans comprised most of the rest. Later Blegvad summarized the results of studies of nearly 25 years and showed that only slight variations in kinds of foods occurred with time and place. It was found that the amounts of com- mercial fishes caught were directly related to the amounts of bottom animals present. These experiments may be directly applicable to the animals existing in Santa
Monica Bay. Size of the Largest Animal Species Taken
Most invertebrate metazoan animals in Santa Monica Bay are small to minute, often measuring less than one to
two inches long. A few individuals, from scattered places,
45
have been conspicuous for their size or weight. They include:
Cancer antennarius Station 4450-56 827 grams
Astropecten californicus at I SW-4, 3 1/2 inches across
Pisaster giganteus at I NW-6, weighed 187 1/2 grams
Stichopus californicus at I W-20, measured 5 inches Compsomyax subdiaphana a clam, at III-7, measured 2 1/2 by 1 3/4 inches and weighed 24 grams. Macoma a clam, at II-6, weighed 31.7 grams ?Drupa a snail, at I NW-6, weighed 75 1/3 grams Glycera robusta at I W-10b, the only one of this
kind taken, Acknowledgements
The author is indebted to the various teams which
cooperated on board the VELERO IV, in taking and processing
the biological samples used for this report. David Scholl,
assisted by Donn Gorsline, Emil Zalesny, and others, did much of the field work, To Drs. Robert E. Stevenson and K. O. Emery she is indebted for organizing the various aspects of the project, and for much information on physical data. The maps and figures were prepared by Anker Petersen, The author is especially thankful to Captain G, Allan Hancock for his interest and support
of these studies, and to the Hyperion Engineers, Inc.
for their financial aid.
jashodg bast pated BL
1 of tviauads | aa ypaaeeele
46 Literature Cited
Berry, S., 1956, Moliusca dredge by the ORCA off the Santa Barbara Islands, California in 1951, Jour, Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol 46, pp. 150-157
Belgvad, H., 1930, Quantitative investigations of bottom invertebrates in the Kattegat with special reference to the Plaice food, Rep. Danish Biol, Sta., Vol. XXXVI, pp. 1-55
» 1951, Fluctuations in the amounts of food animals of the bottom at the Limfjord in 1928-1950, Rep. Danish Biol. Sta., No. 53
Ekman, S., 1953, Zoogeography of the Sea, Sedgwick and Jackson, Ltd.
Hartman, O., 1955, Quantitative survey of the benthos of San Pedro Basin, southern California, Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, Vol. 19, No. 1, University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles
Hartman, O., 1956, Results on investigations of pollution and its effects on benthonic populations in Santa Monica Bay, California, Allan Hancock Foundation
Miyadi, D., 1940, Marine benthic communities of the Tanabe-Wan, Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, Vol, 19, pp. 136-148
Shelford, V. E., A. O. Weese, and others, 1935, Some marine biotic communities of the Pacific coast of North America, Ecol. Mon., Vol. 5, pp. 249-356 ean
Sverdrup, H. U., M. W. Johnson, and R. H, Fleming, 1942, The Oceans, Prentice-Hal1, Inc., New York
Wilson, D, P., 1953, The settlement of Ophelia Bicornis Savigny larvae, Jour. Mar. Biol. Assoc., Vol. XXXi, pp. 413-438
» 1955, The role of micro-organisms in the settlement of Ophelia bicornis Savigny, Jour. Mar. Biol. Assoc., Vol. 34, PPeo 531-543
a ee 7 dl Jue
Ach NTE
oy
A
ere a | a an Sees is
nay
47
List of stations in Santa Monica Bay, made by the VELERO IV, from which biological samples originate,
with cross reference to Zone number
roe wioot
‘eto Bako oS oa
STATION LIST IN SANTA MONICA BAY FROM
Sta. 2148-52.
fms. Sta. 2149-52. fms.
Sta. 2150-52. fms. OPG took 1.58 Sbae eclbol—5el<
fms.
Sta. 2189-52. fms. OPG took 1.07 Sta, 2190-52. fms. OPG took 5.02
Sta. 2191-52. fms. OPG took 2.70
V-l1l.
Sta. 2192-52 ° fms. OPG took 1.51 Sta. 2193-52. fms.
Sta. 2194-52.
48
WHICH
BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES ORIGINATE
Sep.
OPG took 2.8 cuft.
Sep.
OPG took 2.7 cuft.
Sepe cuft.
Sepe
OPG took 0.5 cuft.
Dec. cuft.
Dece curt
Dece cuft. Dec.
Cutts
Deco
OQPG took 3.0) cutt.
Dece
fms. 6-foot beam trawl,
Sta. 2558=+53. fms. OPG took 2.89 Sta, 2359-53. fms. OPG took 0.63 Sta. 2360-53. fms. OPG took 1.63 See II-9,
Sta. 2561-53. fms. OPG took 1.44 Sta. 2362-53, fms. OPG took 2.83 Sta. 2474-53. fms.
July cuft.
July CUE.
July curt. July Citi Gre
July cuft.
Octo
OPG took 3.9 cuft.
AX) AAO PAC Reh malils ele Myeil Gea) ANGYL
Bottom is mud. See V-15.
2B4 GRO Gow Bao oalie® BET yA, “ate WQS) Bottom is mud. See V-13.
260, 55° 47 56". Ile? Sir 16". Min S10 Bettom is mud. See V=25
27. 33° 48" 06", 118° sof gol, In 291 Bottom is mud. See V=24e
Bo 33° 4st 35", 178° 28" 30", In 228° Bottom is fine sand and mud. See V=-20. Bo BO Als) ae le BAl wey. ada aleys Bottom is fine sand and mud. See V-18. Be 65° 491 aie thas eG “AUS aga AS Bottom is green mud and fine sand. See Bey SSO 40h Sai ieee 4 aa Oma ous a Bottom is fine mud and sand. See V=-35. Be So° 400 2g" Mase) Sa let im 20 Bottom is fine sandy mud. See II-8.
BS ese Why ial pals Bist Bint,” Sha a6 Bottom is grey sand, See II-5.
Sa Se. 4260 Te" 5 Tee) Sam GOA Ne manos Bottom is grey clay. .See V-12.
ge S357 40" OOM, 118° 26" Os. |) tmism Bottom is gray sand and clay. See II-7. Sema se 47 SO. Tee 27 eS atrie sine Bottom is gray sand, rock, and clay.
Bln) SS CT OE ae mo Os 2 aeey allay? Bottom is gray sand and mud. See V-14. Ba ESO ABU Cet able aly eyes nay elste Bottom is fine gray green mud. See V-29.
Ae coe AGNOs" lsc sa moat. alain 205
Bottom is green black mud.
See V-352.
a aria. Pit Ane Prue ye cacao
‘ ay “iy Me) h, mn r
as A ne. po. sSSORr8
a i, nt ey eS a mec ih 7
a
eg ee here
ds oh LE | ee Ppt eee Bare ae Slay CRG.
Di via
je: aie 8
"ae
roy Pare.
SV gee iaaiieg es)
mates) be dy ?
49
Sta. 2620-54. Apr. 7. 33% 441 08", 118° 350 50". Ima 4ale fms. OPG took 2.20 cuft. Bottom is gray green mud. See VI-2.
Sta. 2722-54. May 8. 33° 461 OO", 118° 26' oo", In 14 fms. OPG took 0.25 cuft. Bottom is green sand and shale. See II-4.
Spa e72s-545 Mayes Soweto u OOM, TTS VSO! 100!s ainase5 fms. OPG took 3.4 cuft. Bottom is fine green mud. See V-30.
Sta. 2724-54. May 8. 33° 48! OO palsy BO? OW, | 16a IH fms. OPG took 2.52 cuft.e. Bottom is fine green mud. See V-16.
Sits 2725-54. eMay Ga. Soe 50! OOTe MISSace nOON A mms emt fms. OPG took 1.13 cuft. Bottom is coarse green mud. See V-l.
Sta. 2726-54. May 8. 33° 50! Oo"; 118° sO" Oot mair70 fms. OPG took 2.77 cuft. Bottom is green mud. See V-6.
Sta. 2727-54. May 8. 33° 50! OOM, Anise 3200's tneGs fms. OPG took 1.76 cuft. Bottom is green mud. See V-4.
Sta. 2728-54. May 8. Soe 26 OOns date 36' 00". In 445 fms. OPG sample not measured. Bottom is green mud. See V-35.
Sta. 2729=54. May 8. Bae 45' 49", 118° 35' 50", In 445 fms. OPG took 5.4 cuft. Bottom is fine green mude See VI-5.
Sta. 2788-54. May 22. 33° 4g! Os") teen 24 trays ima Oh5 fms. OPG took 1.32 cuft. Bottom is grey sand and shale. See II-1.
Sta. 2789-54. May 22. 33° 491 59", I1s® 34! o5". “In 90 fms. OPG took 1.7 cuft. Bottom is blue grey mud. See V-9.
Sta. 2790-54. May 22. 35° 49' 58", 118° 36" OO". In 180 fms. OPG took 2.52 cuft. Bottom is blue grey mud. See V-17.
Sta. 2791-54. May 22. 33° 48! Oot, Dis set OS"s) tn. 405 fms. OPG teek 5.08 cuft. Bottom is blue grey mud. See VI-l.
Sta. 2792-54. May 22. 33° 47! 59" Se) Sa" 5%.) laa 500 fms. OPG took 2.77 cuft.e Bottom is blue grey mud. See V-26.
Sta. 2793-54. May 22. 33° 48" oo", 118° 32! 00") In 251 fms. OPG took 0.95 cuft. Bottom is blue grey mud. See V-22.
Stm..2794-54. May 22. S35°.44' o2", 1ie® ge! OO™) im 430 fms. OPG took 3.4 cuft. Bottom is blue grey mud. See VI-4.
| Sta. 2965-54. Oct. 30. 339 44' 22", 118° 44' 16", In 490 oe Campbell grab took 5.74 cuft. Bottom is grey green mud. ee VI-135.
Sta. 2964-54, Oct. 30. 33° 49' 26", 118° 49' 16", In 490 Bray Campbell grab took 5.74 cuft. Bottom is grey green mud. ee VI-14 °
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50
Sta. 2965-54. Oct. 30. 33° 54’ 23", Ie BAC TY aga), A910) fms. Campbell grab took 3.5 cuft. Bottom is grey green mud. See VI-7 °
Sta. 2970-54. Oct. Sle 335° 45' So", 119° 05! 00", In 476 fms. Campbell grab took 3.59 cuft. Bottom is grey green mud. See VI-8.
Sta. 2971-54, Oct. 31. 35° 40° 37", 119° OO 09". Im 4es5 fms. Campbell grab. No bottom, grab took water only. See VI-9.
Sta. 2990-55. Feb. 5. 33° 49* 08", ms© PAB SMO abo Lal) fms. OPG took 3.08 cuft. Bottom is fine black mud. See V-10.
Sta. 2991-55. Feb. 5. 33° 52! MNT MI) BIB MS A Io. Bye fms. OPG took 0.5 cuft. Bottom is black mud. See I SW-7.
Stas 2992-55. Feb. 5. 36° 55" Oe", 1ile® 260 57> m9 fms. OPG took 0.5 cuft. Bottom-is' sand. See-1i:SW-1.
Sta. 2993-55. Feb, 5. 33° 54? 59") 118° 28r 47", In 21 fms. OPG took 1.38 cuft. Bottom is green mud. See I W-6.
Sta. 2994-55. Feb; 5. 33° 55’ 00", Tig® gorge", tn 29 fms. OPG took 0.69 cuft. Bottom is green mud. See I W-9.
Sta. 2995-55. Feb. 5. 33° 55! oo", 118° BU IMA GN OS fms. OPG took 0.95 cuft. Bottom is grey sand. See I W-135.
Sta. 2996-55. Feb. 5. 33° 55° (Ofc shales © te O24) sin 5@ fms. OPG took 0.61 cuft. Bottom is reck. See I W-17.
Sta. 2997-55, Feb. 5. 33 54? 57 aon Sots Onn mim aTOO fms. OPG took 1.89 cuft. Bottom is fine green mud. See IV-1l.
Sta. 2998=55. Feb. 6. 33° 51° hes Dales wy YON aaa ZO) fms. OPG took 0.357 cuft. Bottom is black mud. See I W-21.
Ste So994554 Rebs 6.53 Ss! 1, tae 4o'coo™, Im 250 fms. OPG took 2.83 cuft. Bottom is green grey mud. See IV-7.
Sta. 3000-55. Feb. 6. 33° 55! UES aL ey OMG) 1d ALO fms. OPG took 2.2 cuft. Bottom is dark grey clay. See IV-35.
Sta. -2OOl-556 Feb. 6, 66° 57'.02", 1IB° S51 OO%.s im 70" fms. OPG teek 1.89 cuft. Bottem is dull grey clay. See III-9.
Sta. 3002-55. Feb. 6. 33° 57? Oui, abe al, aha, ai} fms. OPG teok 2.77 cuft. Bottem is dull grey clay. See III-12.
Sta. 3003-55. Feb. 6. 33° 57' og", 118° 40" 00". In 160° fms. OPG took 2.45 cuft. Bottom is dark hard clay. See III-15.
SpalisOO4=558 Hebe os so. 57" OO", Mee 42nig7 i". )) mee soe fms. OPG took 2.2 cuft. Bottom is green grey clay. See III-14.
.. age al Oey : : high cl siete) ir be | i ay 4 Mi, be , if sal ' * wn he at | af ed hegs th c8 5 ‘ee gan) haa wis Hoga meee ts | : kt ioe ae es a Cid & ie @ I it :
hee Tl ey y Sanh
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51
©) Gem SG wow OO! iB Aan ea5te taps
Sta. 5005-55. Feb. fms. OPG took 2.835 cuft. Bottom is green grey clay and mud. See Tei bi.
Sta. 3006-55. Feb. 6. 33° 57' OO", 118° 477 05", In 330 fms. OPG took 2.77 cuft. Bottom is green grey clay and mud. See IITI-16,
Sites SOlO-S5e0) Aprende) SS0) Sort 14" ISSN sor Som im 42's fms. Campbell grab took 5.31 cuft. Bottom is green mud. See VI-3.
Sta. 3020-55. Apr. 1. 33° 54° 09", 119° 10" 15",° In 445 fms. Campbell grab took 4.45 cuft. Bottom is green mud. See VI-6.
Siar oicleaooeuidumer 25, Go. 147! bet, mliide Obi) migm) imines fms. OPG teek .06 cuft. Bottom is fine grey sand. See II-2.
Sta. Siee-555 dume 25. (35° 47" SoM Tse 25" 00". rammi2. 5 fmse OPG took .10 cuft. Bottom is fine grey sand. See II-3.
Stapol6o-55o, Jume 25. 35° 49" 55"; 118° 24 39", In 60 fms. OPG. Bottom is grey mud-stone. See V-<.
Sta. 5164-55. June 25. 33° 49% sa AO BO BG Ia EO) fms. OPG toek 2.85 cuft. Bottom is black mud. See Nari
Sta. 3165-55. June 25. 33° 50' 18", 118° 23" 36". In 22 fms. OPG teek 2.85 cuft. Bettem is black mud. See II-6.
Sta. 3166-55. June 25. 33° 49% 15", 118° 27" 14",° In 196 fms. OPG took 2.52 cuft. Bottom is green mud. See V-19.
Sta. 3167-55. June 25. 33° 48’ 16", 116° 29" 38". Im 280 fms. OPG took 1.95 cuft. Bottom is green mud. See V-23.
Sita. 5168-55. June 25. 53° 47° 40", 118° 32" 10". Im S15 fms. OPG took 2.08 cuft. Bottom is green mud. See V-27.
Sita 31692555. dune 25. 33° 46" So", 11a” sar 42"~° im 390 fms. OPG toek 1.95 cuft. Bottom is green mud. See V-3l.
Sits. Sl70-55.) dune eho So° 461 Sh", Lis? 37" Oz". im /460 fms. OPG toek 2.58 cuft. Bottom is green mud. See V=56.
Sivas ol71=-56%.. June eh. S20 46" 10", 118° 37° O48) aim 425 fms. OPG took 2.45 cuft. Bottom is green mud. See V-33.
Sta. 3175-55. July 5. 35° 48! 04", 118° 59' 2". Im 462 fms. OPG took 3.08 cuft. Bottem is green mud. See V-357.
Sta. 3174-55. July 5. Soemoolee" ties SOlrcone mime Seb fms. OPG took 2.64 cuft. Bottom is green mud and silt. See V-28.
Ste. 3175455. July 5. 33° 50' 00", 118° 417°45".- "Im 410 fms. OPG took 3.15 cuft. Bottom is green mud. See V-354.
fe baa
; aT 7 Lao Os % A OSG) nOiia Litce yas: ey
iit
iy Riv: Re eters ie << a ‘ aol. SRE ter zt hers Oh
puny. OS
Ode vie ae \ a } im ; v af . rt wll thy wot es ey ahaa a
Sta. 4176-55. fmso OPG took 1.95 Sta. 3177-55. fms. OPG took 2.14 Sta. 3178-55. fms. OPG took 2.35 Sta. 5179-55. fms. OPG took 2.01 Sta. 3180-55. fms. OPG took 1.70 Sta. 5181-55. fms. OPG took 2.20 SHBELG 4194-55. fms.
Sta. 4195-55. fms.
Sta. 3200-55. fms.
Sta. 3203-55. fms. OPG took 1.57 Sta. 3204-55. fmse OPG took 2.08 Sita. 3205255. fms. OPG took 2.08 Sta. 3206-55. fms. OPG took 1.05 Sta. 3208-55. fms. OPG took 1.15 Sta. 4209=55. fmse OPG took 1.05 Sta. 3210-55. fms. OPG took 0.97 Sta. $215=-55. fms. OPG took 0.84 Stae 6218-55. fms. OPG took 0.51 Sta. 6219-55. fms. OPG took 1.19 Ie NW=4.
OPG not measured.
OPG not measured.
OPG took 1.0 cuft.
52
Ree Bo ISO EL seenk alas eli | abet EO) cuft. Bottom is green mud and sand. See IV-10. July Saco mDoOuceu, llso Ait Seu nas oe cufte Bottom is green mud. See IV-9.
duly bi too D4 56, LIBS SoNeesti ine so cuft. Bottom is green mud. See:IV-6.
Dude | Co Dolwoone 1LeO” SOU rOOT ig cuft. Bottom is green mud and silt. See IV-5. IO Bo) SS! Rov BOY, Ao Gl BY 5 Ita NEO cuft. Bottom is green mud and silt. See IV-4. Tiiy BS GSO Bal We; GE BAN Oo, Ia LOA cuft. Bottom is green mud and silt. See IV-2. yey, Bs. Ber Bel CSUR ais Bey Oy. ia GG
Bottom is rocky shale. See I W-18. delay Be) BO BOM OSs liso Bar ai. Ika Be Bottom is rocky shale. See I W-15. gts WG AO ON eS IES AOU “op! ida, 10 Bottom.is medium green sand. See IlI-2.
ley Hann S4>) OO 106" paltry SO ers ies vines cuft. Bottom is fine green sand. See III-7. July 7. 33° 58 10"; 1178°°39" 10". “In 115 © cuft. Bottom is green silty mud. See III-]l. ogy 5 ES BUT CoM yas 7/05 lua ES cuft. Bottom is green silty mud.. See III-10. Sulla (S40 OO! Ol". Mideas7" Olen im si cuft. Bottom is green silty sand. See III-6. duly 7. 34° 00" O3", 118° 341 40", In 25 cuft. Bottom is green silty sand. See III-4. Tue en SS) Si Dae 5 DUS 3404 (A 5 eee ens cuft. Bottom is green shell sand. See III-8. July 7. 33° 57! 5a'; 118°°321 36". “Im 29 cuft. Bottom is green silty sand, See III-5. gual? YW, BAS OU Tole allisieae eel aca als; cuft. Bottom is green silty sand. See III-3. July 7. 34° 00! 03", 128° 30" 20". In.6.5 cuft. Bottom is green silty sand... See IIT-l. Tulse Som uD 100s ioe Sgmc4 sie trace cuft. Bottom is coarse sand and gravel. See
ine a Cir ed "poe a Seete
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53
Seay Se20-S54 || July, Welw Soin Sasi ee oT Oot. | Tamlons fms. OPG took 0.9 cuft. Bottom is coarse black sand. See I SW-3.
Sta. 3385-55. Aug: 23; ~33°°50" Oo"; 11a° 3ef es; In 65 fms. OPG took 1.78 cuft. Bottom is fine sandy mud. See V-5.
Sta. 5386-55. Aug. 25. 33° 50' OO", 118° 34! 48", Im 100 fms. OPG took 0.44 cuft. Bottom is fine sandy mud. See V-8.
Sta, 2587-55. Aug. 25. 36° bl’ 59% Ile 37% LO". im 50 fms. OPG took 0.31 cuft.e. Bottom is coarse sand and shell. See I W=22.
Steals SoSe-ooian Aus S40 156° Se" OI") Mee 54" 4e"s) lam 40 fmse OPG took 0.65 cuft. Bottom is coarse sandstone. See I W-20.
Siva SoCO=oo AUR. 250) 1550 be. OS mllg cn sel osthmaimmae fms. OPG took 0.635 cuft. Bottom is coarse sandy mud. See I W-16.
Sine co90-55—) huge 25. 955° 52 05" IB Ns0 OOM sinuses fms. OPG took 0.88 cuft. Bottom is green sandy mud. See I SW-10.
Sta. $391=-55. Aug. 25-6 35° 54! OB 118°736 t 00" . In 30° fms. OPG took 1.57 cuft. Bottom is coarse sandstone and gravel. See I W-1l.
Sag GEOR. Ne, BBs Bye teil) Iso Bi oA abel Sis) © fms. OPG took 1.57 cuft. Bottom is coarse sandstone and gravel. See I W-14.
Spas ooS= oben AUeseos | Ooo 54" O2N \ qigO) S4armon: alam fms. OPG took 1.57 cuft. Bottom is coarse gravel and green mud. See dt W-19.
Sraqmsoso4=oo Aue. 2osunSs° 56" I4Nl ming? Sam lar ewaimn 52 fms. OPG took 0.68 cuft. Bottom is gravel and green mud. See I W-12.
Sta. 3395-55. Aug. 23. 33° 56’ 15", 118° 30' 00", In 24 fms. OPG took 2.00 cuft. Bottom is sticky black mud. See I NW-8.
Sta. 3599-55. Aug. 25. 33° 521 os", 118° SOM aps ines 5O fms. OPG took 2.58 cuft. Bottom is fine green mud. See IV-8.
Sta. 5400-55. Aug. 25. 36° 50? 30", L1s” S77 |O6"s) in 220 fms. OPG took 2.85 cuft. Bottom is green mud. See V-21.
Sta. 3410-55. Aug. 30. 33° 40' 20"; lis° 468! a8". Im 4e8 fms. OPG. Bottom is fine mud. See VI-ll.
Sta. 5411-55. Aug. 30. BS" past SO, qqg® Ser Ol", an 4377 fms. OPG. Bottom is fine See VI-10.
oO
Spaesaie=so Anew s04 | saa 240 Sos die. en 04". in 4ag
fms. OPG. Bottom is fine mud. See VI-12.
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ine bor ane ie at ope:
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ee Gant. Mee Ne! lage | a 208 HW I a8 . werotebane |
ie beat Wey \ge Maer’, located ae eek eae ie
ie te at noo rox.* Pyor<We T ext 4k oe
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ae we nee ine ae Po Notetidbotis fae ‘apodebnee |
che | ie rns ‘Seth og0" bu Shdie sage dovard Gexmoe at aa ia is ngs Pees en tae! oes, | ek bas penn ba a ere oe } ha ' Sh eo ah és i Beton maw’ 1@ ae | per | [ jaca f Oe ¥S oe8 VS Okuc. roth, ne lcs Gas
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Sta. 5478-55- fms. OPG took 0.25 Sta. 3479-55. fms. ORG took 1.119 Sta. 3480-55. fmse OPG took 1.19 fi W-l. Sta. 3481-55. fms. OPG took 2.52 Sta. 3482-55. meio OLG book aie Silt See I NW-2. Stae 3483-55.
fms. OPG took 1.80 I W-3.
Sta. 3484-55. fms. OPG took 0.44 Sta. 3485-55. fms. OPG took 0.51 DiGale 4486-55. fms. OPG took 1.44 Sta. 3487-55. fms. OPG took 0.75 Sta. 3488-55. fms. OPG took 1.57 Sta. 3489-55. fms. OPG took 1.57 Sta. 3490-55. fms. OPG took 0.63 Sta. 3491-55. fms. OPG took 1.63 Sta. 3492-55. fms. OPG took 1.19 Sta, 3493-55. fms. OPG took 1.19 Stae 6494-55 ° fms. OPG took 2.68 Sta. 3495-55.
fms. OPG took 0.635
USNSSC DAN oS. de. Bottom is black sandy
15;°° 380° 55' 05", 118” Bottom is black mud.
Us SSO) So" dom. Teo Bottom is light beach
amige See I
MeeomSoe, Sora ls Bottom is mud.
15.
54
ite Oe. | Aig AL) mud. See I SW-4. PAS Sn atials (5 See I SW-2.
eHSe USs etial 17/ sand. See
26 20 ie rneas NW-1.
SD Gay aw Se ol ea aie) |
Bottom is coarse gravel and black mud.
5 eS Ss omoote Olly mamas c
Bottom is black mud and sticks.
156835) Sor OSM miele
Bottom is fine black mud.
ALi) Bottom is fine mud.
14 16s Gal Bow, ane?
Bottom is fine black mud.
15. 330 55' 49", 718°
Bottom is fine black mud.
Ue) SU (li/ay alalie\” Bottom is green mud.
bin SS> BAY 40" ee Bottom is green mud.
Sess Sat Ogt. dace Bottom is green mud.
Ws, Boo BAU ane aie Bie Gye
Bottom is green mud.
1S uessou54! sso. tee Bottom is black mud.
fo) 15. 33 569 24", 118° Bottom is green mud.
USeuNSSou Sat) 42%, ise Bottom is green mud.
WS5eqiSs Sols", Lise Bottom is green mud.
PAM EXE IT = Vabrays aly! See
BY base, Ala 15) See I W-2.
SW-5 °
PAS OVENS) Abio\
AS MOOPTG » Abel
OM Bal I NW-5.
28! See Se) Taal I W-5.
es! See
Agi okra SW-6.
27! See I See I SW-8.
Se enealora I W-7.
29! See
Onl iba I NW-6.
29! See
BAO | abi I NW-7.
291 See
GON 5) in a NW-9.
30! See
33° 531 36", 118° 27! 35". “In 20 See I
ae
See I W-4.
14°
See I NW-3S.
16
25
25
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26
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al
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55
Suaeo496=555 | Sepe M5 1350154" Qi" 118° 29' 46", In 28 fms. OPG took 1.19 cuft. Bottom is green. See I W-8.
Sta. 5497-55. Sep. 15. 33° 54! Ha i sakes” eyo) aS Stray fa fms. OPG took 1.50 cuft. Bottom is green mud. See I W-10.
State S498 =55., Sopemlonn coOgvoc! 14, 118° 28' 16", “In 42 fms. OPG took 1.0 cuft. Bottom is green mud. See I SW-9.
SraeeZO47=4een Aprile Mose G00 dem 118° AN Sey metro, fms. OPG not measured. Bottom is gravelly rubble. See II-sub 2.
: (@) 4 SEau4slG=s6e dune 19s) S4° 00) OOte is S920" 5. times, fms. OPG took 0.81 cuft. Bottom is sticky green mud. See III-‘7a.
Sta 2olg-56) dune 20. so 56" a7", Wg s5" ces imesens fms. OPG took 0.65 cuft. Bottom is green silty ?o0ily mud. See I W-17a.
Sta. 4319-56, Juné 20; 33° 55? 38", 118° 34 11". ~-In 91 fms. OPG took 1.63 cuft. Bottom is sticky green mud. See I W-19c.
Sta. 4320-56. June 20. 33° 54! HM Lig] S415 Ts tiny ee fms. OPG took 1.26 cuft. Bottom is sticky green silty mud. See I W=-19b.
Stas 4sel-56.- June 20, 33° 5a" 3O") Img. Sa" Is" tm 4 fms. OPG took 0.75 cuft. Bottom is bedded mud stone. See I W-19a.
Sta. 4322-56, June 20. 33° 53! AON = AMSG GSS OTt a elnas5 fms, OPG took 1.19 cuft. Bottom is glauconite coarse and fine gravel. See I W-17b.
Sta. 4525-56. June 20. Seo HT ABs 118° 33' 10", “tn’38 fms. OPG took 4 liters. Bottom is shale covered coarse rock and sand. See I W-15a.
Sas ASCE Anas Boo “SS Su we a aso 0 oly, aga Ge fms. OPG took 1.19 cuft. Bottom is coarse glauconite sand, (coarse to fine). See I W-12d.
Sta. 4325-56. June 20. 33° S4t Sat. ies GAO Cel, iia Bao fms. OPG took 1.88 cuft. Bottom is medium and coarse green glauconite sand. See I W-12c.
Sta. 4326-56. June 20. 33° 54! BU WUE Bal O77, Iba Ge fms. OPG took 0.63 cuft. Bottom is coarse green sand. See I W-l3a.
Stas 4527-56. June 20. 55° 55" 3a", Iis> 33" 02") in 39 fms. OPG took 0.81 cuft. Bottom is coarse green sand. See I W-15b.
Sta. 4328-56. June 20. 33° 55' 39", 118° 31' 58", In 32.5 fms. OPG took 0.67 cuft. Bottom is coarse green sand. See I W-12b.
Stawn 4529-56.) dune 2Or) 9Soo 55) 37"), 1187) 3050! | ines fms. OPG took 0.06 cuft. Bottom is green and black silt. See I W-9a.
i ew eh, Pn : me i ' i i y i
a ee a ee a ae SRR GROEN 6 2% a ke ‘aa toe ai mtd Mea’ a - rane | he, Pde jevechiel ah Oe ee” ha ae. hay wey Spite: Oe The oe | iy het. wad ‘vba ae rt Wino to esr , aun
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ns 7 ‘hae nt : "Be ¢ nf Noa ie ii Mg n " Demet coh” pace Maal
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id UAL ay ' ae Mi 4 ~~ ' : ‘ : i ; femme ey see Pr te ee eo OME ah Se aq ng 7 inde, Se) +. a {} Khe i ari i Me oye id, One us u mat Ce ¥ por - OO Pitta ss ee Cha ase f a et 09) GRABS Pat No hues 5 no-Nan oe och os *% aac aT ne Bs i Bu: hate ; rus, BATS kt es oe te iJ une Y ‘ . : A lai ti hee ; AYY eS.
We if , ah My en q Bi 1 is ey 1 ‘ P Woe : woe ty = A z= re ibe ral? } Se” 6 eA } tints rales Hoke ih de fa sot ‘two: ae. oy
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oy
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56
Sta. 4330-56. June 20. 33° 54! Bo". Ue SON SAM ey cine sit fms. OPG took 0.65 cuft. Bottom is dark to black muddy silt. See I W-10a.
Sta. 4331-56. June 20. 33. 53" BAS aa BO GAM aa 0) 8 fms. OPG took 0.56 cuft. Bottom is black muddy silt. See I W-9b.
Sta. 4332-56. June 20.°°33° 527 ZeeMs IASI THOM NON © ay teal fms. OPG took 1.51 cuft. Bottom is dark green to black glauconite sand. See I W-lla.
Stan2sss-5o uni dune 20s 1 SS°0u5et 4o" niece) Simpet sn a lniese fms. OPG took 1.19 cuft. Bottom is dark green to black glauconite sand. See lI W-l4a.
Sta. 4334-56. June 20. 33° 56° So" dec SerOot. s timueen> fms. OPG took 0.06 cuft. Bottom is dark green to black glauconite sand. See I W-12a.
Sta 4se5-560 0) duneie0., So- 55! 56 lg ol son 55% ea mimes fms. OPG took 0.635 cuft. Bottom is green muddy sand. See I W-10b.
Stas 4448-56, June 28. 35° 54" 00". I1e° Sa" OO". mim 10 fms. Baited lobster trap. Bottom is packed mud.
Sta. 4449-56. June 28. 33° 54! 42", cuss a eel ona a fms. Baited lobster trap. Bottom is packed mud.
Sta. 4450-56. June 28. 33° 54! 40", 118° 27! 49", In 17 fms. Baited lobster trap. Bottom is packed mud.
Stas 445-566, June ee. So 54° 1a", Tse 720 o4' Se ime eons fms. Baited lobster trap. Bottom is packed mud.
ee
oe ‘ eae , or ae iy Ptemneinss cia t
He
Bae it oq. 024 cae pesincs ionte ast: oe sbi ‘ant
a am gt nti i? aba we % y abogt “ante aiew es a4
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es con Os ae O'R ie ey ceacaaong Os
serra Serr (hae »bnte auoad’
"eg Patt Wom | SS ae Si bevoag 6! "Wo7308
5 Ves Ass: fae vba) “as a
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57
List of samples by Zones (I to VI) with cross
reference to Station number of the VELERO IV
ip EY egos
58
List of Samples by Zones I to VI, and Serial Numbers,
with station numbers of the VELERO IV:
Zone I. extending west from Hyperion, arranged according to increasing
I W-1 to 22, with 40 samples, is a transect
distance from the outfall,
at 3480 at 3484 at 3483 at 3486 at 3489 at 2993 at 3492 at 35496 at 2994 9a at 4329 9b at 4331 10 at 3497 10a at 4330 10b at 4335
OONOOK WWE
Zone I.
I SW=-1 to
west from Hyperion.
1 at 2992 2 at 5479 5 at 5220
Zone Ie
1 at 3481 2 at 3482 5 at 5487
Zone II-l to 9, represents the shallow shelf, to 50 fms.,
11 at 8391
lia at’ 4332 12 at 3394" 12a at 4334 12b at 4328 1léc at 4325 12d at 4324 13 at 2995
l3a at 4326 13b at’ 4327 14 at 3392° l4a at 4333 15 at 3195
15a at 4323 16 at 3389. 17 at 2996 17a at 4318 17b at’ 4322 18 at 3194 19 at 3393 19a at 4321 19b at 4320 19¢ at’ 4319 20 at 3388 21 at 2998 22 at 353587
10, is a transect extending south-
at 5478 at 5485 at 3490 at 2991
NO ow
8 at 3491 9 at 3498 10 at 3590
I NW-1 to 9, is a transect extending north- west from Hyperion.
4 at 3219 5 at 5488 6 at 3493
in the vicinity of Redondo Beach.
1 at 2788 2 at Sl61
sub 2 at 4047
at 3162 at 2722 at 2194 at 3165
Oo wk di
7 at 3494 8 at 3395 9 at 3495
7 at 2359 8 at 2193 9 at 2560
59
Zone III-1 to 16, represents the northern part of Santa Monica Bay.
Tat 5218 7 at 5203 12 at 3002 2 at 3200 7a at’ 4316 135 at 3003 5 at 5213 8 at 5209 14 at 3004 4 at 3208 9 at 3001 15 at 3005 5 at 5210 10 at 5205 16 at 3006 6 at 3206 ll at 3204
Zone IV-1 to 9, represents Santa Monica Canyon, in 51 to 400 fathoms.
ate 2go7 5 at 3179 8 at 3399 2 at 5181 6 at 3178 Oat Sal 7 5 at 3000 fl lw PAINS) 10 at 3176 4 at 3180
Zone V-1 to 37 represents Redondo Canyon, in 51 to 410 fathoms.
imate co 13 at 2149 25 at 2150 2 at 35163 14 at 23561 26 at 2792 6 at 2192 15 at 2148 27 at 3168 4 at 2727 16 at 2724 28 at 3174 5 at 3385 17 at 23561 29 atl 2562 6 at 2726 18 at 2190 50 at 2723 7 at 5164 19 at 2562 ol at 5169 8 at 5586 20 at 2189 o2 at 2474 9 at 2789 21 at 2727 od at 5171 10 at 2990 22 at 2793 54 at 3175 Pat 2191 25 at 3167 55 at 2728 12 at 2558 24 at 2151 56 at 3170
57 at 51735
Zone VI-1 to 14, represents the deeper areas of Santa Monica Basin.
1 at 2791 6 at 5020 11 at 3410 2 at 2620 7 at 2965 12 at 3412 5 at 2794 8 at 2970 13 at 2963 4 at 3019 9 at 2971 14 at 2964 5 ate 2729 10 at 5411
60
List of samples by depth, indescending
order, from 6 to 490 fathoms
nibaaoe wing # .
o) emnettatt .%
61
The following 18 samples came from 6 to 15 fathoms: I SW-2 at 3479, in 6 fms. Dit at ae8),) im 6 1/2) ima I W-1 at 3480, in 7 fms.
I NW-1 at 3481, in 7 1/2 fms, I SW-1 at 2992, in 9 fms. II-1 at 2788, in 9 1/2 fms. IIi-2:at 5200, in -10-fms.
I SW-3 at 3220, in 10 1/2 fms. I NW-4 at 3219, in 11 fms.
I SW-4 at 3478, in 12 fms. 1 ete BILL, sta ae A sane II-3 at 3162, in 12 1/2 fms. I NW-2 at 5482, in 13 fms. II-4 at 2722, in 14 fms.
I W-3 at 3483, in 14 fms.
I NW-3 at 3487, in 14 fms. Ti — Sai Ooo Lou tms\.
I W-2 at 3484, in 15 fms.
The following 14 samples came from 16 to 25 fathoms: I NW-5 at 3488, in 16 fms.
I W-4 at 5486, in 17 fms. I NW-6 at 3493, in 17 fms. II-5.at- 2194;°in-16-18- fms. I NW-7 at 3494, in 19 fms.
I SW-5 at 5485, in 20 fms.
Ly
Jaa bE
62
I W-6 at 2993, in 21 fms.
I NW-9 at 3495, in 21 fms.
I SW-7 at 2991, in 22 fms.
EI=6 at 6165, in 22 fms.
I W-5 at 3489, in 23 fms.
I NW-8 at 3395, in 24 fms.
III-4 at 3208, in 25 fms.
I SW-6 at 3490, in 25 fms. The following 42 samples came from 26 to 50 fathoms:
I W-7 at 3492, in 26 fms.
I W-10b at 4335 in 26 fms.
I W-8 at 3496, in 28 fms.
I W-9a at 4329, in 28 fms.
I W-12a at 4334 in 28.5 fms.
I W-9 at 2994, in 29 fms.
Tit—5 Vaitesel0, ino) vims'.
I W-11 at 3391 in 30 fms.
I W-9b at 4331 in 30.5 fms.
II-7 at 2559, in 31 fms.
IITI-6 at 5206, in 31 fms.
I SW-8 at 5491, in 31 fms.
I W-10 at 3497, in 31 fms.
I W-10a at 4330, in 351 fms.
I W-lla at 4332, in 31 fms.
I W-12 at 3394, in 32 fms.
I W-12d in 4324, in 32 fms.
I W-17a at 43518, in 32.5 fms. I W-12b at 4328, in 32.5 fms. I W-13 at 2995, in 33 fms.
I W-15 at 3195, in 33 fms.
I SW-10 at 33590, in 33 fms.
I W-12c at 4325, in 33.5 fms. III-7 at 3203, in 34 fms.
I W-14a at 4333, in 34 fms.
I W-14 at 3392, in 35 fms.
I W-17b at 4322, in 35 fms.
I W-18 at 3194, in 36 fms. II-sub 2 at 4047, in 37 fms. III-7a at 4516, in 37 fms.
I W-16 at 3389, in 38 fms.
I W-15a at 4323, in 38 fms.
I W-13a at 4326, in 38 fms. II-8 at 2193, in 40 fms.
I W-21 at 2998, in 40 fms.
I W-20 at 3388, in 40 fms.
I W-19 at 3393, in 41 fms.
I W-19a at 4321, in 41 fms.
I SW-9 at 3498, in 42 fms. II-9 at 2360, in 49 fms.
I W-17 at 2996, in 50 fms.
I W-22 at 3387, in 50 fms.
lee i . r ti | eG wre sf ; bes ; iy Ri atest r i | 3 Vs Sa ’ | " nae te N ae " rie! a i i i ‘i + i ry f | | ha UT
64
The following 15 samples came from 51 to 100 fathoms: Pit SvatyoZzO9), ino”, ims. Wolk eiia B728)5 Jaliol Sys) seu} + V-2 at 31635, in 60 fms.
WOS) Ghg Zale 5” alial Gly aaa
V-5 at 5585, in 65 fms.
V-4 at 2727, in 66 fms. W625 B26 4 alia 4/0) seMnes. Tii=9 at S00L, in’ 70) fms’. V-7 at 3164, in 80 fms.
I W-19b at 4320, in 82 fms. EIT-10) at 5205, in’ 88 fms. V-9 at 2789, in 90 fms.
I W-19c at 4319, in 91 fms . IV-1 at 2997, in 100 fms. V-8 at 3386, in 100 fms.
The following 18 samples came yeh 101 to 225 fathoms: IV-2 at 3181 in 104 fms. V-10 at 2990, in 110 fms. III-11 at 3204, in 115 fms. V-11 at 2191, in 125 fms. V-12 at 2558, in 125 fms. III-12 at 5002, in 125 fms. V-135 at 2149, in 129 fms. IV-3 at 5000, in 150 fms. V-14 at 2361, in 157 fms.
Vel6 at 2724, in 157 fms
65
III-15 at 5003, in 160 fms.
IV-4 at 3180, in V-15 at 2148, in V-17 at 2790, in V-18 at 2190, in IV-5 at 3179, in V-19 at 5166, in V-21 at 3400, in The following 11 samples came V-20 at 2189, in III-14 at 3004, IV-6 at 3178, in IV=-7 at 2999; in IV-8 at 3399, in V-22 at 2793, in III-15 at 3005, V=-235 at 3167, in V-24 at 2151, in INYO) ENG SL 5) algal V-26 at 2792, in The following 15 samples came V-25 at 2150, in V-27 at $168, in V-28 at 3174, in V-30 at 2723, in III-16 at 5006,
160 fms. 62 fms TSO; tmste 186 fms. ALISXO) saanlis} (5 196 fms. 220m nmst. from 226
eeo fms.
250 fms. 250 fms. 250 fms.
Zou semsic
280 fms. Aelia, 294 fms. 500 fms. from 3501 510 fms. 515 fms. ocd fms.
625 fms.
to $00 fathoms:
in 230 fms.
in 280 fms.
to 440 fathoms:
in 550 fms.
cy}
aes
fet),
aly heen
%
opt
Oyo. he
IV-10 at 3176,
V-29 V-51 V-352 V-34 Viel VI-2 VI-3 V-33
vVI-4
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
2362, 3169, 2474, 3175, 2791, 2620, 3019, 3171,
2794,
in in in in in in in in in
in
The following 15 samples came
V-55 VI-5 VI-6 V-36 V-37 VI-7 VI-8 VI-9 VI-10 VI-11 VI-12 VI-13
VI-14
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
2728, 2729, 3020, 3170, 3173, 2965, 2970, 2971, 3411, 3410, 3412, 2963,
2964,
in in in in in in in
in
550 fms. oof fmse 580 fms. 405 fms. 410 fms. 415 fms. 418 fms. 425 fms. 425 fms. 430 fms. from 441 445 fms. 445 fms. 445 fms. 460 fms. 462 fms. 470 fms. 476 fms. 485 fms.
487 fms.
488 fms.
488 fms.
490 fms.
1 490 fms.
66
to 490 fathoms?
)
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sam 88% at BEG | omer OPS at (OVS ga ene sat SBP at Soe. de Of-T0
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Analyses of Samples
from Zones
a
67
to Vil
Ay na al at ‘ - fy 7 i aha ne 1 fe ) 1h , i. a, / aN oer i yi ' - OAK y ; fs ; i ( ; > ory “Steen { ; iN } { a : Ea
hs un 5 Pe 1 i ¥ a oat ye ; erie ‘ mi ? » eb
‘ ) i 3 = iW an
oe
(ee mesg land.
The following stations in Zone I-W are analyzed: 68
1 at 5480, 2 at 3484, 5 at 3483, 4 at 3486, 5 at 3489,
6 at 2995, 7 at 5492, 8 at 3496, 9 at 2994, 9a at 4329, 9b at 4551, 10 at 5497, 10a at 4550, 10b at 4335, 11 at 3391, at 4352, between 11 and 15 at 3257, 12 at 3394, 12a at 4334, at 4628, 12c at 4525, 12d at 4324, 13 at 2995, 13a at 43526, at 4527, 14 at 3392, 14a at 4333, nr 14 at 3542, between 14° 15 at 5559, 15 at 6195, 15a at 4525, 16 at 5389, 17 at. 2996, aLpi4ol8, Do aby4se2) (lS abSl94; —19 at 6595, 19a at 4521), at’ 4620, 9c at 4519, 20 atS5588, 2lvat 2998), 22eat 5587.
lla 12b 13b and 17a 19b
Ag
beach sand, most of which failed to pass through the screens.
W-1l. Sta. 5480-55. In 58 feet. OPG took 1.19 cuft of greenish
animals were floated out of the debris in the laboratory. Prochordate, Branchiostoma californiense- 2 individuals " Echinoderms include: Amphipholis squamata-1, Ophiouroconis bispinosa-1 Crustaceans include: Lepidopa myops (sand crab)-5 and amphipods- 14 Mollusks include: OQlivella-7, Nassarius-1, ?Aglaja -1
Nemerteans- 2 smaller Nematodes- several
Polychaetes include?
SUM
intertidal areas.
screens. The an
Nephtys californiensis - 15 moderately large Telepsavus sp. - -=.- 1 in tube
Hypoeulalia sp.- many
Dorvillea gracilis- many
Spiophanes sp.- 3
Glycera sp.- 1 small
Armandia sp.- 1 small
The
MARY.- The fauna is that of a shifting sandy beach extending into The volume of organic materials is about 70 ml.
I W-2. Sta. 3484-55. In 100 feet. OPG took 0.44 cuft of fine black mud with Bee odor, Most of the sediments passed through the
Echinoderms include
Crustaceans include;
Astropecten californicus- 1 medium sized Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica= 6 a small holothuroid
haps commensal of a maldanid), and some cumaceans
Mollusks include: a small living Conus californicus and a dead
shell of moon snail
Nemerteans- a few small only Nematodes- some Polychaetes include larger individuals of:
Diopatra ornata- 1 larger
Nephtys caecoides= 2 or more
Nothria elegans~ 10 or more in thin, sand-covered tubes Glycera americana- 1 3 and smaller individuals of: Ancistrosyllis sp., Aricidea spp., capitellid, cirratulids, Drilonereis, Eumida, Exogoninae, Goniada, Haploscoloplos Harmotho® lunulata var., Laonice, Leocrates, Lumbrineris, Magelona, maldanid, Nereis procera, Pherusa, Phyllodoce,
mals are diversified with polychaetes the most abundant.
a few amphipods, isopods, a pinnixid crab (per-
elongatus, Podarke,
Prionospio pinnata and other kinds, Sthenelais, Syllis, Tharyx
and others.
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att. saftestas eat? Maonay EMG, Lites a ad S; Ht gig nae Wes mG aio tio ha ahs ued mpl et > ay ho -Uvb-ped cae it at BLib Letiayk: ae pio k tas BHO HOE a
pon iar
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; mn Re ees rhe: "Be the - k ; hs ogo Py Ms Le os sy et eee My ihame. l= Ge Gueine aoeed yb ra aha Kole rs 20 gad oF iain £ vas age Oo emarvoy eat #
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deo bininaly bq ehenehd hou ergs 98s A 2 chee Omics oe mnee: Ge. elias bash. s base Bist Bal hehe: swing) ¥ it Wipe ae Leute eo Hebel | | 2 LRG, oO OMt) he Pee | (bite LAA wes, a\ <6 i aoe | The GMb YS Pcd sagt 5 oo ont
rf f esate. # Pye Sean Oa atom tok “<4 Roy horaroo-onee gt Est Ce Cr eT aay aid (to arabe tbah etiam Brie” hors
oR LE Oates
ebiiugarche —bkiietiqus gs sobl oth oluolovaciast 0G Lace U Pearp ay gone, Blreniudwn \eetmpooes gicoms 4 aM SSDODOLIVAS \ paUONS— Sec | ee (ae cee tia fonae $8 “wah al Geris9 vil ta, = \ 8 dias
SUMMARY.- The animals are largely polychaetes of smalleP%inds. The volume of organic materials is about 100 ml. )
I W-5. Sta. 3483-55. In 58 feet. OPG took 1.8 cuft of black mud with sticks.
Echinoderms include 9 smaller ophiuroids, a very small asteroid and 2 moderately large Astropecten californicus
Coelenterates- a few small, resembling Harenactis (anemone)
Brachiopod- Glottidia albida- 1 smaller only ~—
Crustaceans include 2 caprellids and 13 or more amphipods
Polychaetes include larger individuals of:
Nephtys ?caecoides-1
Nothria elegans- 5
Phyllochaetopterus prolifica- 1 in tube
and smaller individuals of: Chaetozone, Eumida, Goniada, Haplo-- scoloplos, Laonice, Lumbrineris, maldanids, Nephtys, Nereis, paraonids, Pherusa, Phyllodoce, Prionospio, Syllis, Tharyx, and others.
SUMMARY.- The representatives of these species are smaller in size than those more remote from the outfall, and represented by fewer individuals. Their volume is about 115 ml. The largest individual is Nephtys caecoides, the most conspicuous is Nothria
elegans.
I W-4. Sta. 5486-55. In 111 feet. OPG took 1.44 cuft of fine black mud with HoS odor. The screenings consisted of much biological — debris, ee alanis algal bits, broken tubes and a few shelly frag- ments, in all about half a liter.
Echinoderms include:
Astropecten californicus- 1 Amphiodia (Amphispina) digitata- 2 Amphipholis squamata - l Crustaceans include: $5 ghost shrimps, about 24 amphipvods, 2 pinnixids
Nemerteans- a few smaller Mollusks include: several Tellina, an Aglaja, and other smaller kinds Polychaetes include?
Brada maldanids
Caulleriella Nephtys
Chaetozone Nereis procera
Cossura candida Nothria elegans
Eumida ~ Pectinaria californiensis Glycera americana (large) Pherusa (6, some ovigerous) Goniada = PhyliIodoce
Haploscoloplos Prionospio pinnata
Laonice — uy lepsavus, vices Anak Lumbrineris Spiophanes (in silt-covered tube) Magelona Thar yx
‘and others SUMMARY.= This sample is characterized by its preponderance of poly- chaetes. The largest individual is Glycera americana, the most abundant is Nothria elegans. Its volume is estimated at 70 ml.
I W-5. Sta. 6489-55. In.1468 feet. OPG took 1.57 cuft of green sticky mud with slight HeS odor. The screenings consist of many arenaceous foraminiferans and much diversified life.
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ecle as a6tlane eds set aeds
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i
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: ji Wea 2 ey PBI at eo Ue ede ee
AMoty mollane recto Sav”,
7 a ‘ Sarees eueaee ae e s - eiacet inte tt (avorsalve & Sane yt) (apie th, ay me. as unt DECB On Riess stat
a en EM ' (ens betevoo-dl {2 mE) Borktageeg aed e orc es meld ie. sdoenehitoremg asl ith, bad tsed ddan wa jhchans atid ie AE, OMT i
Pap Ot vansoliens susgvly af lasbivibas dae, \ ee Car ae eae ;
m4 a 4 ea ee ok ae ¥ . ¥ b Mis /OT ga Devenites al sarc: és iy ‘guess,
Oo 9 Tis Nal ae Ot kay 4teet pay: ia . GiB To) Petecnon racine tce, as: tobe Goo Katrad 5e IWELE Bedi Loker hb sou bee Sw L as
Echinoderms Be nen: 70 Amphiodia aephispine digitata- 7 Amphiodia "rugosa"- 4 (aesciine name is unpublished) Amphioplus SHeseuancunes 2 Amphipholis ~ squamata-_ 19 Astropecten californicus- 2 Crustaceans include some amphipods, ostracods, and nebalians Nemerteans- several, ovigerous in tubes of Sthenelanella Mollusks include: Cadulus, smaller pelecypods, small Aglaja and other gastropods Brachiopod, Glottidia albida- a few smaller Enteropneust- 1 © Polychaetes include: Aglaophamus
Amphicteis scaphobranchiata Ancistrosyllis
Cossura candida Drilonereéis Glycera americana americana- 1 large Haploscoloplos el elongatus Magelona maldanids with species in at least 3 genera Marphysa, resembling conferta- 3 larger Nephtys, smaller kinds Nereis procera- some mature, undergoing metamorphosis in tubes of maldanids Nothria elegans Pectinaria californiensis- 12 or more
Pherusa Sternaspis- 1 larger Pholo¥ Sthenelais _
Pilargis Sthenelanella- 5 in tubes Prionospio pinnata Terebellides- 1 larger Scalibregma Tharyx —
Sphaerodorum- 1 ovigerous and others
SUMMARY.- Species best represented are polychaetes. The largest one is Glycera americana; the most conspicuous is Pectinaria. The volume of organic matter is estimated at 98 ml.
I W-6. Sta. 2995-55. In 109 feet. OPG took 1.38 cuft of dark green mud. Most of the silt and detritus passed through the screens. Echinoderms includes
Astropecten californicus-1 Amphiodia urtica - 10 Amphipholis squamata - 5 - Amphioplus hexacanthus- 3
Amphiodia occidentalis - 3 Crustaceans include a ghost shrimp and an amphipod, Pontharpinia sp.G. Nemertean- 1 Mollusks include a chaetoderm and a few other kinds Polychaetes include:
Aricidea Nephtys ?ferruginea Euclymene- many Pectinaria californiensis-many Glycera americana- 1 larger Prionospio spp.
Lumbrineris Sternaspis- 1 small Marphysa, resembling conferta-1 and others
SUMMARY.- The largest is Glycera americana; the most conspicuous are Pectinaria and Euclymene. Volume of organic content is estimated at 110 ml.
washes 3 dame da ee ao. ete eC pegs ape a ob Sek en 1 op Re Ab ag ak en an Toren M6 FS oases Boond dh aleadgqeonadon prbogver useage ARM, “pieae Sen 3 LAE Be | |
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71
I W-7. Sta. 5492-55. In 155 feet. OPG took 1.19 cuft of black sticky mud. The screenings are largely small bits of broken shells and sandy tube fragments and arenaceous foraminiferans.
Echinoderms include:
Amphiodia urtica- 123
Amphioplus - strongyloplax-4
Amphipholis squamata - 61 Crustaceans include:
ghost shrimp- 6 small
ostracods, largely brown- 83
cumaceans- 12
nebalians- 2
isopods: Gnathia-4 and Anthurid- 2 large amphipods include: Ampelisca- 1 or more sauoearctide 0 Lysianassidae with: Aruga sp.-2, Podoprionella- -l, _Lepidepecreum phoxocephalids with: Heterophoxus sp. A-4 Pontharpinia sp. E-29 Metaphoxus sp. A- 4 Pontharpinia sp. J-4
pinnixid crabs- 9
pycnogonid- 1 smaller nemerteans- some
Mollusks include: Chaetoderm=- 2
Scaphopods: Cadulus fusiformis- 46, Dentalium neohexagonum-shells Gastropods: Aglaja- 2 smaller, Eulima- 5, Nassarius- l,
turbon shells=- about 29° Pelecypods (identified by Dr. Myra Keen):
Acila castrensis- 1
Compsomyax subdiaphana- 12 or more Cooperella subdiaphana- aL Crenella sp.- fragment Hiatella arctica- 2 Leptopecten monotimeris- 1 Lyonsia cali lornce: Macoma yoldiformis
Macoma sp. - re
?Myse ella sp.- “By sone Parvilucina spe- 3 juv., length 3 mm.
Periploma d discus= 4 Saxicavella pacifica - 1 Tellina buttoni - 2 Tellina “Idae - 1 Thyasira barbarensis - 3 Sea pen- 1 small only ~ Brachiopoda- Glottidia albida- 2 small phoronid=- 1 or more Enteropneust=- 3, of which 1 is small and 2 are larger Polychaetes include: Amaea occidentalis Ammotrypane Ampharete
Ancistrosyllis Aricidea spp.
8) Soa in eae
Hoste ho Phas ei at, a0 lta: cadaed 16 fc Ets ,
opiead @. bist ae
ae
wien sitet | ated 2 de “x bot wt TSUIUBRCRR e. Tame Lut cqee
a ft (areeat pre’ «tl et ‘
SL to at L - . : an Rt a ofr: & ad pce ye i : es: Jf Lao & oh iaval negara t efi a bits ta Sts ad YT Motte tbe ' tv
i 4
Brada- 3 larger capitellid slender capitellid Chaetozone- several Chloeia pinnata Cossura candida
Diopatra tridentata- 1 large Drilonereis flabelligerid, unknown Glycera americana- 1 large small Glycera Goniada Haploscoloplos elongatus
Harmothos lunulata var. Laonice- 3 larger Leocrates
Lumbrineris spp. Magelona
maldanids
Marphysa, resembling conferta-4
Megalomma, in tube SUMMARY.- This sample is highly diversified. the most conspicuous are Pectinaria The organic volume is estimated. at 250 ml.
is Glycera americana; and Amphiodia | urtica.
i W-8. Sta. 5496-55.
In 172 feet.
72 Nephtys ferruginea another nephtyid
Nereis procera
Nino
Onuphis nebulosa- 6 or more Pectinaria californiensis - 224 Pherusa
Pholo’
phyllodocid juv.
Pilargis
Poecilochaetus- 2 juv.
Polyecirrus
Polydora dora- in irregular tube popeacee io pinnata- 12 Prionospio, nr. malmgreni-some Rhodine- in capes
Spiophanes
Sternaspis Sthenelanella
Terebellides
The largest individual
OPG took 1.19 cuft of fine
green sticky mud with arenaceous foraminiferans including Alveolo- phragmium, Go&sella and other kinds. The Screenings were almost entirely animals. Echinoderms include many small smooth red ophiuroids and a tiny asteroid. Crustaceans include: stalked barnacle- cluster attached to onuphid tube pycnogonid=- 2; pinnixid crabs- 6; ghost shrimp-1l cumaceans= 523; nebalian- 23; ostracods = 85 or more gnathid isopod- 3 males and 2 females; flabelligerid isopod-1 amphipods- more than 100 parasitic copepod on thorax of Terebellides (polychaete) Mollusks include: chaetoderm=33 Cadulus - many; and pelecypods Polychaetes include:
numerous smaller gastropods
Aglaophamus maldanids Anaitides Marphysa, cf. conferta Aricidea Nephtys spp.
Asychis ?lacera Ceratocephala c Co americana=2 Chloeia pinnata =- 9 cirratulids=- many Cossura candida, Eumida
Glycera americana -2
Glycera capitata | co Goniada = 3
Nereis procera Nino’- 4 ovigerous
Onuph is nebulosa
Paraonis sp Sppe
Pectinaria californiensis -40 Pholo
Pista, in tube
Prionospio pinnata - larger Prionospio sppr several
in tubes
Haploscoloplos elongatus -2 Rhodine
Harmotho§ lunulata var. Scalibregma- ovigerous Leocrates Spiophanes
Lumbrineris bicirrata Streblosoma
Magelona pacifica - larger Terebellides- 8 or more
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Others include: Echiuroids - 23; Sipunculids - 43; Enteropneusts - 3;
a small burrowing anemone; Monobrachium colonies on Axionopsis (a white clam); a large red ribbon nemertean SUMMARY.- This is an enriched diversified sample containing many
species not found nearer Hyperion. The largest one is the nemertean, the most conspicuous is Pectinaria. The volume of organic matter is estimated at 285 ml.
EW-9. Sta. 2994-55. In 179 feet. OPG took 0.69 cuft of dark sticky, hard packed mud. Echinoderms, with small disks measuring 5 mm or less across, include: Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica - 441 Amphipholis squamata - 64 Astropecten californicus- 1 juvenile several holothurians Crustaceans include: a pinnixid crab; stalked barnacle; many brown and white ostra- cods; some isopods; cumaceans; a pycnogonid; many amphipods with phoxocephalid species identified: Heterophoxus sp. A.- 5 Metaphoxus sp. A- 19 Pontharpinia sp. E- 21 Pontharpinia sp. J- 18 Mollusks include a chaetoderm and numsrous small soe LELO! kinds Polychaetes include: many smaller spioniform and cirratulid kinds Pectinaria, Phojo&, Lumbrineris, Magelona, and others SUMMARY.- The sample, though small, is representative of a diver- sified mud bottom fauna.
I W-9a. Sta. 4529-56. In 200 feet. OPG took 0.06 cuft of green and black silt. The screenings consisted of about a liter of black sand with numerous smaller animals, especially smooth red ophiuroids, smaller mollusks and many smaller polychaetes.
I W-9b. Sta. 4531-56. In 193 feet. OPG took 0.56 cuft of dark green to black muddy silt. The screenings consist of about two liters of solids, with many smooth ophiuroids, shelled mollusks of different kinds, tubes of animals and many diversified species. Echinoderms include many ophiuroids—
Mollusks include many smaller bivalves, a medium sized Polynices and other kinds Polychaetes include:
Chloeia pinnata
Lepidasthenia virens
Lumbrineris bicirrata
other lumbrinerids
Meeonone ?Notomastus Pectinaria californiensis ‘and other kinds Sipunculid- 1 larger; Nemertean- 1 yellow-striped SUMMARY.- This bottom is characterized by the presence of Onuphis nebulosa, many smooth ophiuroids, the large sipunculid, an
the diversity of its kinds of species.
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74
I Wel0. Sta. 5497-55. In 188 feet. OPG took 1.5 cuft of green sticky mud. The screenings retained many stellate foraminiferans, Rhabdammha abyssorum_and other arenaceous kinds.
Foraminiferans, partly identified by Dr. Orville Bandy, include:
Cibicides lobatus (d'Orbigny)
Planulina ornata (d'Orhbigny)
Rhabdammina abyssorum Carpenter
Robertina californica Cushman and Parker
Textularia abbreviata d'Orbigny
Textularia schencki Cushman and Valentine Echinoderms include:
Amphiodia (Amphispina) digitata - 531
Amphipholis squamata - 157
Amphiura arcystata - 2
Ophiura lutkeni - 1
Ophiothrix spiculata = an arm only
several small holothurians Mollusks include:
Cadulus - some living and dead shells
Chaetoderma = 5 small
bubble and turbon shells
Aglaja § Nassarius 3 Pandora; and others Crustaceans include:
stalked barnacle - 1 larger
cumaceans = about 40, with 2 or more species
pinnixid crab =- 1 juvenile
sand crab = 1 juvenile
amphipods - 114 or more, including a larger Ampelisca,
a caprellid, and phoxocephalids:
Heterophoxus sp. A - 9 Pontharpinia sp. E - 29 Metaphoxus sp. A = 20 ontharpinia sp. Y- 1
pycnogonid - 1 3 isopods with at least 4 species - 12 or more
ostracods, mostly brown, a few pale and sculptured kinds - 90 small sipunculids, in rays of stellate foraminiferans-- many nemertean - in tube of Eunice hydroid, Monobrachium, on small white clams=- many colonies Polychaetes include:
Nephtys cascoides = 1 larger and posterior end of another
Chloeia pinnata-
er
Magelona Muphis nebulosa - 5 long stiff tubes Prionospio pinnata Prionospio nr. malmgreni Pectinaria californiensis = 90 or more and many other smaller kinds SUMMARY.= The largest individual is Nephtys caecoides; the most conspicuous are Amphiodia digitata and Pectinaria califor- niensis. The volume of organic matter is estimated at 500 ml.
I W-10a. Sta. 4530-56. In 198 feet. OPG took 0.65 cuft of dark to black muddy silt. The screenings consisted of about a liter of dark sand and animals of many diversified kinds. The most numer- ous are smooth ophiuroids.
Mollusks are represented by a larger Modiolus, Cylichna, and others. Polychaetes include?
Anaitides Pectinaria californiensis Glycera papillated Pherusa Marphysa resembling conferta Prionospio pinnata Nephtys and other kinds
Lumbrineris spp.
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I W-10b. Sta. 4335-56. In 166 feet. OPG took 0.63 cuft of green muddy sand. The screenings consisted of less than half a liter of solids, mostly animals, of which not quite half was oph- iuroids of smooth red kinds. A small Pyrosoma colony was taken. Crustaceans include many amphipods, ostracods, cumaceans and soiie
isopods (one Gnathia carries many juveniles in a brood pouch) Mollusks include: many smaller gastropods, clams of various kinds Polychaetes include:
Ammotrypane Haploscoloplos elongatus Aricidea, ovigerous Lumbrineris cruzensis, ovigeruus Chloeia, many juveniles Pectinaria californiensis- few Glycera robusta =- 1 large Pholos§, ovigerous
ara only record in the samples) Tharyx, ovigerous
and many others SUMMARY.- The sample is dominantly ophiuroids; the largest indiv- idual is Glycera robusta.
I W-11. Sta. 5591-55. In 180 feet. OPG took 1.57 cuft of green coarse sandstone and gravel and some arenaceous foraminiferans, Echinoderms ecm ;
Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica - 654
Amphipholis squamata - 505
Astropecten Californicus - 1
holothurians - 5 Mollusks include scaphopods, pelecypods, gastropods, with none large
or conspicuous.
Crustaceans include many cumaceans, a few isopods, many brown’ ostra- cods and many amphipods, with phoxocephalids: Heterophoxus sp. A -'7 Pontharpinia sp. bh - 44 Metaphoxus sp. A ~36 Pontharpinia sp. J - 26 Polychaetes include:
Pectinaria, with many tubes
a large empty tube of Panthalis
many smaller kinds in the genera Glycera, Pholo&§, Sphaerodorum,
various kinds of spionids, paraonids, cirratulids, and others. SUMMARY.=- The sample is characterized by its numerous smooth ophiur- oids and the diversity of its other animal kinds.
I Wella. Sta. 4332-56. In 168 feet. OPG took 1.51 cuft of dark green to black glauconite sand. The screenings consisted of about 9 liters of coarse shelly rubble with bleached and broken shells of larger animals not present in the sample, such as pecten shells, large Bursa, Conus, murex and turret shells, tubes of Protula, valves of Lacqueus. Living animals include:
Ophiura llitkeni and other echinoderms
Epitonium and other mollusks ay he dee polychaetes of many kinds of which the largest are: Mesochaetopterus, sigalionids, Glycera, Pherusa, Pista
SUMMARY.- The present fauna appears to be a replaced one, with no single kind outstanding in number or size.
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76
Between I W-1l and I W-15. Sta. 3257-55. Dredged. In 150 to 174 feet from a rocky bottom. The screenings consisted of about 2 liters of rubble with many kinds of larger animals. Most of the soft-bodied and smaller kinds were lost. The sample retains encrusting gorgonian coral, bryozoans, attached solitary coral, small colonies of white sponge, many clumps of vermetid mollusk, possibly Vermicularia, smaller sea urchins, shelled mollusks in- cluding the genera Nemocardium, Nuculana, Pecten, Leda, and others. Polychaetes are represented by tubes of Onu uphis nebulosa, Phyllo- chaetopterus prolifica, Pista elongata, Owenia, Pherusa, Ver- miliopsis, and others, also a small Aphrodita.
Broken shelly fragments of larger animal species suggest that these kinds have been replaced or their shells carried in.
I W-12. Sta. 3394-55. In 192 feet. OPG took 0.68 cuft. Bottom is gravel with green mud. The screenings retained fragmented dead moon snails, pectens, brachiopod and other shells, a living anda dead shell of Terebratalia (brachiopod).
Echinoderms include:
Astropecten californicus- 1 juv. as arcystata - 1
Amphiacantha amphacantha - 1 Ophiopsila californica - 1 Amphiodia urtica - 118 Ophiothrix spiculata - 1 Amphiodia digitata - 29 Ophiura lutkeni - 1 Amphioplus squamata - 63 holothurians- 2 small
Crustaceans include many amphipods, many cumaceans, many brown ostra- cods and some white linear kinds; some slender white isopods, and a pycnogonid. Phoxocephalid amphipods are;
Metaphoxus sp. A - 23 Pontharpinia sp. E - 23 Pontharpinia sp. B =-4 Pontharpinia sp. J - 23
Mollusks include a chaetoderman and some smaller shelled kinds Coelenterates: some small hydroids on a Conus shell; 2 small anemones Brachiopod- Terebratalia - 1
A sipunculid anda phoronid Polychaetes includes
Ammotrypane - 3 Onuphis nebulosa - some ampharetids Panthalis pacifi pacifica- 1 ovigerous Aricidea Paraonis
small capitellid =- some Pectinaria californiensis Chaetozone ?corona Pista
Chloeia . pinnata- 168 aS) Ahehyc Prionospio nr. malmgreni-46 Chone ?mollis = 7 Prionospio pinnata - 5 Drilonereis - 3 Rhodine
Euchone Sabella nr. crassicornis Glycera americana - 2 juv. Sphaerodorum minutum - 2 Lumbrineris spp.=- 6 Sphaerodorum, another sp. maldanid - 3, in sandy tubes ternaspis sp.
Myriochele gracili - several Sthenelanella uniformis - 14 Nephtys sp.- 2 Terebellides
and many other smaller kinds, of various genera and species
SUMMARY.= The animals are largely smaller kinds and individually very numerous. The volume of organic matter is estimated at 150 ml.
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UH I W-12a. Sta. 4334-56. In 179 feet. OPG took 0.06 cuft of dark green to black glauconite sand and silt. The screenings consist- ed of about a half liter of animals and little debris. Echinoderms include a few ophiuroids and a smaller holothurian Crustaceans include colonies of Scalpellum (barnacle), amphipods, cumaceans, isopods, in considerable numbers Mollusks include smaller gastropods, especially Cyliehna, Bittium, Aglaja, smaller pelecypods, and others Glottidia albida- 2, the largest measures 12 mm long Polychaetes include:
Ancistrosyllis, ovigerous Nothria elegans
Artacamella Chloeia pinnata, many juveniles Lanice, in long tubes Pectinarla californiensis Lumbrineris bicirrata Pholo&®
Magelona Terebellides- 2 with copepods Nephtys spp. Thalenessa _
and many other kinds of smalier polychaetes
SUMMARY.- The largest animal is Nephtys, the most abundant is Chloeia; the bulk of organic matter is composed mainly of smaller polychaetes.
I W-1l2b. Sta. 4528-56. In 227 feet. OPG took 0.37 cuft of coarse green sand, some black gravel and broken shells. The screan- | ings consisted of nearly 2 liters of animals and sand, together with broken shells of mollusks such as Polynices, Crepidula, pectens, also Lacqueus, Protula and other shelled animals. Echinoderms include many smooth ophiuroids and about 8 smaller holo- thuroids. Coelenterates Monobrachium on small bivalve shells Scalpellum ( (eaceactsy on tubes of Phyllochaetopterus prolifica
Mollusks include many smaller shells of diversified kinds Polychaetes include:
Artacamella Phyllochaetopterus Chloeia pinnata Sphaeordorum minutum Lumbrineris spp. Sthenelanella
‘and many other kinds of smaller species. SUMMARY.=- The bulk of animal materials is less than half a liter; it consists largely of ophiuroids and annelids of various kinds.
I W-12c. Sta. 4325-56. In 200 feet. OPG took 1.88 cuft of medium and coarse green glauconite sand. The screenings consisted of about 2 liters of coarse to fine sand and animals. Echinoderms include about 50 smaller ophiuroids and a holothuroid Crustaceans include: Scalpellum in clusters, attached to ends of onuphid and Phyllo chaetopterus tubes many amphipods, isopods, cumaceans, a large ostracod measuring 1.3 mm long, and a dark brown tortoise-shelled ostracod Nemerteans include 1 or more pale with light brown longitudinal streaks and several smaller ones Monobrachium, 2 colonies on a small clam Mollusks include: scaphopod- 1, measures 22 mm long ; Polynices, Tellina, Bittium, Thyasira, and Axionopsis Polychaetes include: Chloeia pinnata- many juveniles Ceratocephala americana Chone ?mollis- 1 larger measuring 52 mm without crown, and a smaller
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Drilonereis - 3 78
Glycera americana - large, parasitized by many nematodes, pro- jecting from posterior Segments at parapodial bases
Glycera capitata - 3 small
Hyalinoecia juvenalis - 1 not mature
Tsocirrus 1 longiceps - 1 in coarse gravelly tube
Lepidonotus- 1 juvenile
Lumbrineris cruzensis - 12 small
Lumbrineris bicirrata - 1 larger
Lumbrineris latreilli - 1 nearly as large
Onuphis “nebulosa- many in coarse tubes, in all about half a liter
Pectinaria californiensis - about 12
Pholo&- more than 2
Pherusa capulata - 1
Pista, resembling small P. cristata - 1
Rhodine
Sabellaria cementarium- 1 in coarsely cemented tube
Schistocomus- 1 large sigalionids, of more than one genus- about 6 Spiophanes missionensis - 2 Terebellides - 1 or more and others
SUMMARY.- This sample has many species characterized by an unpolluted shelf or shallow slope fauna. The largest one is Isocirrus and the most abundant is Onuphis nebulosa. The volume of organic
matter is estimated at 400 ml.
I W-12d. Sta. 4324-56. In 195 feet. OPG took 1.19 cuft of coarse glauconite sand and fine black sand. The screenings consisted of about 8 liters, half of which was coarser red to dark sand, the other fine black sand.
Echinoderms include holothurians of 2 kinds,- a white with rows of papillae and a pale lavender, each with 2 individuals
Mollusks include 2 living shells of Pterynotus, some Amphissa, Thya- sira and others
Corynactis (red and white anemone)- at least 13, in rocky crevices of larger gravelly rocks
A small Pyrosoma colony
Polychaetes include:
Brada - 1 Pherusa capulata - many Megalomma = 1 Pherusa inflata - in U-shaped Peisidice aspera = 1 ~~ burrow
Vermiliopsis sp., on pecten shell SUMMARY.- This fauna is characteristic of outer, sloping areas in rocky habitats. The volume of organic matter is estimated at 250 ml.
I W-15. Sta. 2995-55. In 220 feet. OPG took 0.95 cuft of coarse gray clay and sandy mud. The screenings are largely animals of diversified kinds.
Echinoderms include:
Amphiacantha amphacantha - 2
Amphiodia (Amphispina) digitata - 37
Amphiodia psara - 1
Ophiocnida californica - 1
Ophiopholis bakeri - 1
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e 5 yaad ri * Os. Ay ; ae he ; ae! eae eb - Pt Hoe bn “y Ms ‘i ets = Af actLee b Sy eek: Saas re Li « 860 itor ecas . ne ee oa a vie ae rid te wes re So ae <t et j fy Sind @ ; ab P i . i ‘ v ALB \ Beer we ‘ , SS » nite L x Bi sa ae | os _ wh deni Aik i, i beste, = - i © ee | hey 7 i tae . ay it. y SON ioe .
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719
holothurians of two kinds, a dark purple, and a pale papillated kind
Crustaceans- many amphipods, cumaceans and other kinds Phoxocephalid amphipods: Heterophoxus sp. A-1 Pontharpinia sp. Y-2 Pontharpinia sp. J-2 Nemerteans - several smaller Polychaetes include many tubes of Onuphis nebulosa, a larger Chone fmollis, and other kinds
SUMMARY.- The sample may be characterized for the presence of Onuphis.
I W-1l3a. Sta. 4326-56. In 254 feet. OPG took 0.63 cuft of coarse green sand and some silt. The screenings consisted of nearly 8 liters of coarse to fine sand, gravel and some animals, in addition to broken mollusk shells, Protula tubes, slender sticklike pieces of ?Rhabdamina (foraminiferan) and other biological remains.
Echinoderms include a few smaller smooth ophiuroids and at ieust one individual of Ophiura llitkeni.
Crustaceans include a cluster of Scalpellum (barnacle) attached to a tube of Phyllochaetopterus, many small brown ostracods, amphipods, cumaceans and some isopods (with at least one Exosphaeroma).
Mollusks are entirely small and include caecid gastropocs, smaller pelecypods of various kinds and perhaps others.
Coelenterates include a long whiplike gorgonian coral
Sipunculid- 1 larger
Polychaetes include:
Aphrodita- 1 measures 15 by 11 mm Glycera americana - 1
Hyalinoecia cia juvenalis - 1 not mature Onuphis nebulosa =- many in stiff, slender gravelly tubes
Pectinaria californiensis - some Phyllochaetopterus us prolifica- some, with attached barnacles Pailsiva
Sabellaria cementarium
Sthenelanella uniformis
ravisia
and others SUMMARY.- The largest individuals are Glycera, sipunculid and Aphrodita;
the most conspicuous are Onuphis nebulosa and Phyllochaetopterus
prolifica.
I W-13b. Sta. 4327-56. In 249 feet. OPG took 0.81 cuft of coarse green sand. The screenings consisted of about 8 liters of coarse to fine sand, shell fragments and animals.
Echinoderms include:
Astropecten californicus - 1 large, measures 140 mm across the tips of the arms and 28 mm across the disk
ophiuroids, smooth red kinds- not more than 50 individuals
Ophiothrix spiculata - 2 or more
Ophiura lutkeni - 1
holothurians- many, at least 2 kinds, a deep dark purple and a
paler, smaller kind Crustaceans include stalked barnacles and many smaller amphipods, os- tracods and other kinds Mollusks include diversified smaller kinds including Volvulella, Cuspi- daria, Nuculana and others Phoronid- several stiff, slender tubes
peteds: rag, GERG p Fa satu ee * ee
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7 ft i
perigee Yun 6H,0 xost es Syeeh eon. at. -aauaseh! ate Ssegl{ oS ate we ‘o bothhens @yieeres ens 1 ails ene. Dae Sodicaded oF Molpinpa we Pines Prod oa Dee Lav pt perk e ee ae pas acti? a eg etic eng PC Bb es ray Te mad bs: pmediz alco’ | y ae ra, rare pei hones Paotsokeld sesao Soa Cause
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80 Polychaetes include: Eteone- long slender, yellow in life goniadid- lemon yellow in life Isocirrus - in coarse gravelly tube
Magelona
Myriochele gracilis Onuphis nebulosa - many in stiff slender tubes
Pectinaria californiensis
Pherusa capulata
Pherusa papillata
Phyllochaetopterus prolifica Rhodine
Sabellaria cementarium, in coarsely cemented tubes -Terebellides- ovigerous, with bright pink ova Tharyx, with tesselated tubes SUMMARY.- The largest individual is Isocirrus, and the most conspicuous is Onuphis nebulosa. The organic materials comprise about a liter of which Onuphis is about half.
I W-14. Sta. 5592-55. In 213 feet. OPG took 1.57 cuft of coarse green sandstone and gravel, shelly rubble, broken bits of protulid tubes, Lacqueus shells, dead solitary coral, mollusks shells and other biolo- gical debris. The screenings retain very few living echinoderms or mollusks; other animals are also much limited.
Echinoderms include a small lot of ophiuroids only, represented by single individuals of Amphioplus hexacanthus, Amphipholis squamata and Ophiopsila californica
Crustaceans include 3 amphipods, a few brown ostracods, a cluster of stalked barnacle attached tu a tube of Phyllochaetopterus
Polychaetes include:
Chloeia pinnata Prionospio spp.
Cossura candida Sphaerodorum minutum
Harmotho§ Spiophanes
Lumbrineris spp. small terebellid, in gravelly tube Magelona Terebellides- 1 mature
Onuphis nebulosa- 2 or more Tharyx
Phyllochaetopterus prolifica SUMMARY.- All animals are quite small and reduced in number and kind.
Organic material is estimated at 50 ml.
I W-14a. Sta. 4333-56. In 212 feet. OPG took 1.19 cuft of dark green to black glauconite sand. The screenings consisted of about 8 liters of coarser dark rubble, shelly remains and biological materials. There are bleached or broken shells of animals not found living, in- cluding Lacqueus, pecten mollusks, Protula and others.
Echinoderms includes
Astropecten - 1 small
Ophiura IUtkeni- 22
holothurtans- pale, with longitudinal rows of papillae
Crustaceans include 10 caprellids, 5 amphipods, a juvenile crab Mollusks include:
Amphissa Eulima
Amygdalum Leda- 4 living
a small chiton Saxicava- in dead rock oyster shell Epitonium Tellina- 2
and others
i . at i ~olk s0¢C » 44 t (3s Bs ‘ ups * Aid y
e ate
asdug
Leosu a a Peet _ ‘<¢ ay' Sei d TT reicid ,2l <> ‘ ria » § ‘ 7 78 * b Qa be 2 2 iy ae ° i) ~~ 4 ~ “ > - a ~ * * * dy _ a te tie Me ‘ ato 5 ’ i, , pa % , | foc it f8ea vac. Wee'TSa¢ - - ‘ ‘ * Laue v oo ® - * 2 ATL b ce 4 4 etisod! ilar ce a ~ P 2 Siia ’ a <9 S gaat ese
ony
~~ 4 t @&3 = ik a 2
rts mc a aan MAS ease nt *
Ss. et. ’ » 30 CU aes Suleme ~ et - i. ae
echiuroid, perhaps Listriolobus- a larger and a smaller et
branching hydroid on snail shell, and stalk of a branching hydroid Polychaetes include:
ampharetid Pherusa capulata - 18 or more arabellid Phyllochaetopterus tubes with Chaetozone stalked barnacle Glycera capitata Prionospio nr. malmgreni goniadid Prionospio pinnata Hyalinoecia juvenalis - 3 tubes Sabellaria cementarium ?Isocirrus, in tube Scalibregma
Laonice Spiophanes
Nephtys Sthenelanella - about 14 Notomastus~- 1 large, ovigerous Terebellides
Onuphis nebulosa - about 12 Tharyx
Pectinaria californiensis - 7 Vermiliopsis, on black stone
SUMMARY.- The largest are Ophiura llitkeni; “the most conspicuous are Ophiura, Onuphis, Pherusa. The volume of organic matter is estimated as 20 ml or more.
near I W-14. Sta. 3542-55. Biological dredge, in 42 fms, on rocky bottoms, Animals retained in the dredge on recovery included: stalks of hydroids and encrusting bryozoans sponges~- white with long spicules, and brown, Halichondria-like solitary coral- several living individuals a living Terebratalia; a cluster of stalked barnacle Philine, a snail, and Saxicava arctica, in dead shell fragments ascidians attached to stones Polychaetes include: Anaitides - 1 Autolytinae- a female sexual stolon Nereis ?procera - 1 Pseudopotamilla, perhaps occelata - 1 or more in long,horny tubes tubes of Phyllochaetopterus prolifica syllid in brown sponge - 1 Vermiliopsis multiannulata - 1, in white ridged tube fully attached to a stone SUMMARY.- This sample is that characteristic of a rocky bottom, and has been found similar to that on the leeward side of Santa Catalina Island in rocky habitats, but has fewer specific categories.
between I W-14 and I W-14, Sta. 3539-55. Biological dredge, in 44 to 37 fms, on rocky bottoms. Animals retained in the dredge on re- covery included: Pyrosoma, measuring 6 inches long Echinoderms include many epifaunal seaurchins, a few arms of ophiuroids and 2 purple holothurians Stalked barnacles; ostracods; cumaceans; isopods; caprellid amphipods Listriolobus pelodes, an echiuroid
Nemertean Enteropneust Mollusks include: Philine- 2 larger Nassarius Amygdalum - 5 or more Polynices Bittium Pseudochama (rock oyster) ?Macoma Tellina
and others
Steere ed | «ale
Hi, ' eee : Pat (oan Fi AGES pa Sd ae ;
+ ee ae ee
a c Peal ae
iy Pb ye Ke
a AAR OOo ¢ [ : 7 i si . : . : ie OE ND al aa PS Ae a a. ie Brae my hea lah cn’ bea ns ee ; F ; = i, Cie Bate) ‘pi oe ee Se aes! ry \ ey | 4 Soe aaa nee Han bie tr'nd
SRE eg et)
a small leech
Polychaetes include: 82 ampharetid Peisidice aspera Anaitides Phyllochaetopterus prolifica Aphrodita armifera polydoriid Chone Prionospio ?pinnata - small Drilonereis Protula superba- 2 long tubes Exogoninae Schistocomus Lumbrineris spp. Spiophanes maldanid spirorbids, on dead mollusk shells Megalomma, in tube Sthenelanella uniformis Nothria conchylega Streblosoma Onuphis nebulosa - many Terebellides Pectinaria californiensis terebellid, resembling Lanice-3 Odontosyllis Vermiliopsis spp. Tharyx in tesselated tube SUMMARY.- This sample has, a mixed fauna, taken from rocky areas and
soft bottoms; Pyrosoma is usually pelagic.
I W-15. Sta. 3195-55. In 200 feet. OPG took only a small sample of sandstone, shale, boulders and shelly rubble. The screenings con- sisted of some ophiuroids, annelids and other smaller animals. The fauna is that of a rocky association.
I W-l5a. Sta. 4523-56. In 240 feet. OPG took about 4 liters of Shaley coarse rock and sand. The screenings consisted of about 3 1/2 liters of rocks penetrated by borers, with attached or encrusting serpulids, bryozoans and other animals, 4 sea whip, perhaps Stylatula and others. y
The shaley rocks were penetrated by burrows harboring Saxicava arctica. In holes or on dark sides of the rocks are attached ser- pulids of Vermiliopsis with 2 kinds of species, spirorbids of more than two kinds. The rocks have projecting tubes of polychaetes, in- cluding Phyllochaetopterus and Hypsicomus.
The rocky crevices or niches harbor small chitons, Lacqueus juv- eniles, bryogZoans and a very flat tunicate. A small scale-worm, Peisidice aspera, occurs in narrow runways.
I W-16. Sta. 3389-55. In 230 feet. OPG took 0.65 cuft of coarse sandy yellow-green mud. The screenings consisted of coarse sand which weighed 1440 grams, including many smaller diversified animals. Echinoderms include?
Amphiacantha amphacantha - 6 Ophiura llitkeni - 4 Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica- 46 Lytechinus anamesus - 1
Amphioplus hexacanthus - 2 ?Leptosynapta inhaerens - 1 Amphipholis squamata - 7 deep purple holothuroid - 3
Amphiura arcystata - 2 Crustaceans are diversified with many amphipods, ostracods and other
kinds. Mollusks include diversified smaller kinds. Polychaetes include;
Aglaophamus dicirris Fabricia
lane beaaete Glycera capitata Anaitides Goniada
Aricidea Haploscoloplos elongatus Ceratocephala c. americana Harmothoe lunulata var.
Drilonereis maldanid
Lat. 8 f A ator i i) F ’ ‘ ite \
ates :
MK Lowe Hf 4 fone AG ref ba | id cec ering,
t
i)
Pe .
Cte
¥ » Od TD oe Pa! CRON BD tee Tet pal
oS ens CL eames Be: bad Bikiee ri r : pe By S Ae : a MEAT es cur xn
Prete bedes ait h lune ag
Pues I, : i
eRe Ofeles VR a TT a ae re ae at
OG QU ee tas. wii cas tT foal Wea fra tee ed Rete
i 7 : | } ; wi re be pee ae el iy ee Se = i ; : mi Hiya aie i = Rah Role arhieR te axecia -%: ee i i : iin : i ay ee ' fae i On Pay a r ri ay ei re A
é seh toa Sm Ths bit - ah Py ny
2 ae {
donadas
8 ty il
Nephtys
Nothria, perhaps elegans Onuphis nebulosa, tubes Paraonis
Pectinaria californiensis Pholoe
Phyllochaetopterus prolifica and others
83
Prionospio, nr. malmgreni - many Prionospio pinnata
Scalibregma
Sternaspis
Sthenelanella uniformis
syllid
Travisia
SUMMARY.- This is a diversified bottom, characterized for the presence of many kinds of smaller animals.
,£W-17. Sta. 2996-55. En 300 feet. gravel, stones, and coarse materials.
OPG took 0.61 cuft of sand,
The screenings consisted of
nearly the entire lot and contained many animals.
Echinoderms include: Amphiodia occidentalis - 1
Amphipholis squamata - 44
Amphipholis pugetana = 9
Odontaster crassus - 1 juv.
Ophiacantha diplasia - 3 Crustaceans include:
caprellid amphipods = @
phoxocephalid amphipodss
Heterophoxus sp. A=3
Ophiacantha quadrispina - 1 Ophiopholis bakeri - 3
Ophionereis eurybrachiplax - 9 large
Ophiura ltitkeni = 1 Sclerasterias heteropaes - 5
Paraphoxus sp. A-1l
Sipunculids - 1 larger and several smaller
Leech= 1 small
Polychaetes include: ampharetid = 1 Anaitides = 2 Aricidea = 1 Armandia = 4 capitellid = 5 Chone = 1 Cirratulus = 2 Drilonereis = 3 Eunice - 2 Buphrosine = 2 Glycera = 2 Goniada = 5 Laonice = 3
Leocrates - 6
Lepidasthenia - 2 Lepidonotus = 3
Lumbrineris = 4 or more
Magelona = 2 Nereis = 2 Notoproctus = 3 Paraonis =- 1 Peisidice - 6 phyllodocid -2 Pherusa = 2 Pholoe = 3
Phyllochaetopterus prolifica- some Prionospio pinnata - 1
Prionospio, other species sabellariid, fragment Sphaerodorum = 2
syllid, 2 or more species terebellid juveniles
Tharyx =- about 8
and others
SUMMARY.- The largest individual is a sipunculid; the most conspicuous
is Ophionereis eurybrachiplax.
matter is 110 ml.
The estimated amount of organic
I Wel7a. Sta. 4318-56. In 206 feet. OPG took 0.65 cuft of green silt, ?oily. The screenings consisted of a little less than a liter of
animals and little debris.
Echinoderms, weighing about 9.4 grams include?
Ophiura llitkeni - 2
smaller red kinds = more than 100
holothurians = a deep purple and a pale lavender Crustaceans include clusters of stalked barnacle and smaller amphipods,
isopods and other kinds
ee e——————eEEeEeEeEeEeEeEeee
wasire ety
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ult
84
Mollusks include few individuals of Cardiomya, Tellina, Leda, Thyasira, Axionopsis (without Monobrachium), Nemocardium, and others
Nemerteans = several smaller
Polychaetes includes:
Artacamella Owenia Chloeia = many juveniles Pectinaria californiensis Drilonereis Pherusa (papillate socirrus Pholoe Laonice Pilargis berkeleyi Lanice Scalibregma Lumbrineris cruzensis Sternaspis .Magelona Sthenelanella Myriochele gracilis Terebellides, with pink ova
Onuphis nebulosa Thalenessa SUMMARY.= All of the animals are smaller in size but diversified in
kind. The estimated amount of organic matter is 100 ml.
I W-17b. Sta. 4322-56. In 241 feet. OPG took 1.19 cuft of glauconite coarse and fine gravel and sand. The screenings consisted of nearly 8 liters of gravelly and sandy materials, including animals. Echinoderms include:
Ophiothrix spiculata = l
holothurians = several purple a very long sea whip, Stylatula burrowing anemone, perhaps Cerianthid Crustaceans include amphipods, many brown ostracods, and others Mollusks include’
Chaetoderma a small Polynices Chama Thyasira shells of Amphissa and others
Nemerteans = a larger pale, with longitudinal yellow stripes Sipunculid Polychaetes includes
?Anaitides spp. Prionospio spp. ?Ampharete Streblosoma Chloeia pinnata = few Tharyx Lumbrineris spp. serpulid tubes Onuphis nebulosa = many and others
SUMMARY.=- The largest animal is the sea whip; the most conspicuous is Onuphis nebulosa.
I W-18. Sta. 3194-55. In 217 feet. OPG took only a very small sample from a stone, shaley and sandy bottom. Some animals attached to rocks include sedentary tunicates, rock oysters and smaller annelids. The bottom is presumed to be similar to adjacent rocky areas.
near I W=-18. Animals snagged on lines of current meters, included large individuals of Astropecten californicus with commensal annelid species, Podarke pugettensis and Arctonoe sp.
I W-19. Sta. 3393-55. In 244 feet. OPG took 1.57 cuft of coarse gravel with green mud. The screenings contained many calcareous
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85
foraminiferans, especially Buliminidae. The silt was unusually colored reddish brown or coffee colored when washed. Echinoderms include:
Amphiacantha amphacantha - 1 Lytechinus anamesus - 1 Amphiodia urtica - 7 Spatangus californicus - 1 Ophiura ilitkeni - 2 holothurian - 1 juvenile
Crustaceans include numberous amphipods, isopods and possibly others Phoxocephalid amphipod, Pontharpinia sp. J-2
Mollusks include diversified smaller pelecypods and gastropods, with Tellina and Acila.
Echiuroid: Thalassema - 1 larger
Polychaetes include:
Aricidea Laonice
smaller capitellids Paraonis
Chloeia pinnata - juveniles Pherusa capulata cirratulids Pholoe
Glycera - juvenile spionids, smailer kinds oniada Tharyx
Isocirrus and others
SUMMARY.=- The largest animal is Thalassema, the most conspicuous are various kinds of polychaetes. The estimated amount of organic matter is 125 ml.
I W-19a. Sta. 4521-56. In 257 feet. OPG took 0.75 cuft of bedded mud-stone. The screenings consisted of about a liter of materials, with considerable fine coffee-colored silt, tiny mud balls, a larger ghost shrimp, and other animals weighing not over 10 grams.
Echinoderm: a larger Ophiothrix spiculata Crustaceans include a ghost shrimp, some amphipods, brown ostracods
and cumaceans.
Polychaetes include juvenile Chloeia, Glycera, small Lumbrineris,
Nephtys and others,
SUMMARY.= The animal contents were few in quantity and diversity.
I W-19b. Sta. 4320-56. In 492 feet. OPG took 1.26 cuft of sticky green silty mud. The screenings consisted of a little over a liter with much shelly coral and other calcareous debris, especially old or bleached fragments of Allopora (hydrocoral), tube fragments and other biological rubble. The animal population is diversified.
Echinoderms include some smooth red ophiuroids
Mollusks include smaller shells of Axionopsis, a tiny Dacridium, caecids, and others
Monobrachium, a coelenterate, is fairly abundant
Polychaetes include?
Pectinaria californiensis - 50 to 75; the largest measure 45 mm long
a giant capitellid SUMMARY.= The largest animal is a capitellid, the most conspicuous is
Pectinaria. The bottom appears to have been earlier populated
by a hydrocoral association and more recently replaced by a mixed
fauna.
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86
I W=19c. Sta. 4519=56. In 575 feet. OPG took 1.63 cuft of sticky green mud. The screenings consisted of about a liter which was almost entirely animals of various kinds. When silt and sand were removed, the contents weighed 157 grams.
Echinoderms include? Brisaster townsendi - 2, the larger measures 31 x 25 mm, the smaller WO SSMS I/F Gana
Amphiacantha amphacantha - 7
Amphiodia digitata - 59
-Amphioplus strongyloplax - 2 phipholis squamata - @
Crustaceans include numerous amphipods, ostracods, and cumaceans Hydroid, on living shells of Acila (pelecypod)
Monobrachium = 2 colonies on pelecypod shells
Mollusks include:
Axionopsis Nemocardium Acila Nucula Bittium Tellina Chaetoderma Thyasira
and others Polychaetes include: Aricidea ampharetid capitellid Chloeia - 3 larger and 30 or more smaller Cossura candida Drilonereis flabelligeriid, in old gastropod shell =- 35 or more Glycera ?capitata - 4 Goniada Harmothoe lunulata var. = 5 Lumbrineris bicirrata - 1 larger Lumbrineris cruzensis = 3 or more Maldane = 1 or more, in mud tubes Melinna - in tube resembling that of Maldane but slenderer Nephtys ?*ferruginea = 2 or more Pectinaria californiensis - about 50, weighing 18.” grams; the longest measure 45 mm and average length is 50-35 mm Pholoe = several Poecilochaetus = juvenile
Prionospio nre malmgreni = 2
Prionospio pinnata = 1 Rhodine = in tubes
Spiophanes ?missionensis - several in silty tubes Tharyx, with tesselated tubes = many, some ovigerous
SUMMARY.- The largest animals are Lumbrineris bicirrata and Brisaster townsendi; the most conspicuous are Pectinaria californiensis and ophiureids. The estimated amount of organic matter is 500 ml.
I W=20. Sta. 3388-55. In 250 feet. OPG took 0.635 cuft of coarse sandstone, yellow-green nodules and biological debris. The screenings consisted of considerably shelly debris, especially entire and broken shells of scallop and augur shells, broken brachipods and. Protula tubes.
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87 Echinoderms include: Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica - 3 Leptosynapta -—2ujuve tichopus californicus - 1 very large
Crustaceans include many amphipods, brown ostracods, cumaceans and others phoxocephalid amphipods:
Heterophoxus sp. A-2 Pontharpinia sp. J-14 Phoxocephalus sp. A-=2 Pontharpinia sp. Y-1
Mollusks include many smaller gastropods and pelecypods Echiuroid - 1 moderately large
Sipunculid - 1 brown, moderately large
Polychaetes include:
Chloeia pinnata - many juv. Rhodine fragments
Harmothoe lunulata var. scalibregma
Pectinaria californiensis various spioniform annelids Pherusa capulata Sthenelanella uniformis Pholoe and others
SUMMARY.- The largest is Stichopus californicus, followed by the echiuroid and sipunculid; there is no single species conspicuous for abundance, The estimated volume of organic material is L5Ommilys
i W-21. Stas 2998-55. In 265 feet. OFG took 0.57 cuft of black; clayey mud, with large friable clumps. The screenings consisted of little besides the animals, which are richly diversified.
Echinoderms include:
Amphiacantha amphacantha - @ Amphiura seminuda - 2 Amphiodia digitata ~ 8 Ophiura 1lUtkeni - 3 Amphiodia urtica - 25 Astropecten californicus - l Amphioplus strongyloplax = 1 Lytechinus anamesus - 1
Amphipholis pugetana = 7 Crustaceans include many amphipods, cumaceans, ostracods and others
phoxocephalid amphipods? Heterophoxus sp. A=4 Pontharpinia sp. J=-8 Metaphoxus sp. A-6 Pontharpinia sp. Y-1 Polychaetes are very numerous, diversified and characterized by
Pherusa capulata and Pectinaria californiensis. SUMMARY.= The estimated volume of organic matter is 110 ml.
I W-22. Sta. 3387-55. In 310 feet. OPG took 0.51 cuft of coarse sand, shell and sandstone. The screenings consisted of stones and gravel somewhat covered with white deposit, some stones lightly sprinkled with dead shells of spirorbids and biological materials.
Echinoderms include:
Amphiodia digitata - 1 Ophiopholis bakeri - 1 Lytechinus anamesus = 3 olothurian, brown papillated - 1
Crustaceans include a few amphipods and ostracods
Mollusks include caecids, smaller gastropods and pelecypods Encrusting bryozoans on stones
Polychaetes are entirely small and include:
cirratulids Paraonis
Glycera Placostegus, tubes attached to stone. zoniadid Spionids of several kinds
Lanice in tube spirorbid tubes on stones
Magelona Sthenelanella uniformis
nereid sylli
onuphid Vermiliopsis om black stone
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88
SUMMARY.= None of the animals is conspicuously large or abundant. The fauna has the appearance of a replaced one, with individual numbers sparse and perhaps at the fringe of their distributions. The estimated volume of organic matter is 90 ml.
Summary of Zone I, western sector, numbers W=1 to 22.
The sample from W-1 is from a shifting beach sand characterized by sand worms, Nephtys californiensis, a sand crab, Lepidopa myops, and diversified smaller kinds. The Timi todePallatdoastanneianees presented by W=2, characterized by Nephtys caecoides, Nothria elegans and other kinds of smaller polychaetes. Species are limited in number and size. Echinoderms, mollusks and smaller crustaceans are either sparse or absent. A Pollution-Tolerant-Fauna is represented by samples from W-3 to 5, and characterized by increasing numbers and kinds of species and larger sizes of individuals; present are Glycera americana, Marphysa nr. conferta, Nereis procera, and other kinds of polychaetes, in addition to some smaller mollusks, and increas- ing number of smaller crustaceans and some ophiuroids, or also smaller individuals of Astropecten.
The Limited=Enriched=Fauna, represented by samples from W-6 to 12, is considered limited for lacking some species known to occur in similar areas that are not polluted. It is enriched for having unusually high numbers of individuals (peaks of biomass). Thus, in one sample (W-7) ophiuroids are represented by 3 species with 188 individuals, mollusks by 23 species and 125 individuals, crustaceans by 19 species and about 150 individuals, polychaetes by 46 species and more than 200 individuals, or in all 7 major groups with 95 species and 760 individuals.
The Unlimited=Diminished Fauna, represented by samples from W-13 to 19, has increasing numbers of kinds, but diminishing peaks (or none) of biomass. This area is further characterized by having bottoms that are largely gravelly, rocky or rubbly. The current fauna has the appearance of a replaced one, with vestiges of a former one, re- presented by bleached fragments of hydrocorals, brachiopods, larger mollusks and other larger epifaunal kinds of animals. The species now present are largely those in the sediments or capable of moving about.
I SW-1 Sta. 2992-55. In 60 feet. OPG took 0.5 cuft of hard packed sandy mud. The screenings consisted almost entirely of polychaetes. Polychaetes include?
Ampharete arctica - 1
parasitic arabellid = 1
Aricidea spp. = more than 50
cirratulids, including Chaetozone, Tharyx and perhaps others -
hundreds
Diopatra ornata = about 12 larger, in coarsely constructed tubes
ycera americana = 1 larger and 1 smaller
Haploscoloplos elongatus - 2 larger and several smaller
Lumbrineris cruzensis - several
Lumbrineris, other species
Nephtys caecoides - 2 larger
Nereis procera = more than 70, some undergoing epitoky in tubes
of onuphid
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89
Nothria elegans - 6 or more, in thin sand=covered tubes Paraonis - many Platynereis bicanaliculata - 6 Prionospio pinnata - 1
SUMMARY.=- The fauna is almost entirely polychaetes of limited kinds; echinoderms, mollusks, smaller crustaceans and foraminiferan tests are few or absent.
I SW-2, Sta. 5479-55. In 38 feet. OPG took 1.19 cuft of black, well-packed mud with moderate odor of Ho5S. The screenings were almost entirely animals and little flocculent debris.
Crustaceans include 1 amphipod, 2 brown ostracods, a few cumaceans and
2 pycnogonids.
Mollusks include 5 small living Polynices, a Nassarius, several small
Tellina and a mollusk egg-=string.
Polychaetes (all small except Nothria and Nephtys) include:
Aricidea Magelona Armandia Nephtys ?caecoides - 1 larger capitellid, perhaps Notomastus Nereis procera Eumida ?sanguinea Nothria elegans - many, in tubes Glycera Phyllodece, small spotted Goniada Prionospio spp. Haploscoloplos ?Telepsavus sp.
umbrineris Tharyx
SUMMARY.= The largest and most abundant is Nothria elegans; all other animals are small. The volume of organic matter is estimated at less than 60 ml.
I SW-3 Sta. 3220-55. In 50 feet. OPG took 0.9 cuft of coarse black sand. The screenings consisted largely of polychaetes, a few crustaceans and mollusks.
Crustaceans include:
amphipods = about 26 isopod - l
cumacean, very attenuate = 9 cancroid crab - 2 juveniles
brown ostracod = 1 Mollusks include several smaller gastropods and pelecypods Glottidia albida - 5 minute Anemone, ?Harenactis - 3 smaller Nemertean - 1 larger and 6 smaller, perhaps more than 1 species Polyclad = 1 small Polychaetes include:
ampharetid - 3
Anaitides s-- 15 minute though mature
Ancistrosyllis - 1
Arabella =- 6
Aricidea suecica = 40
Aricidea, another species 4
Capitella capitata =- 60 or more
larger capitellid - 1
minute capitellid - 7
Chaetzone corona - 3
cirratulids of various kinds - many
* eit sy hedarebebuas: pests 20
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90
Diopatra ornata- 5 larger and 6 smaller, weight with tubes about 43 grams
Dorvillea articulata - l
Bumida = 1
Goniada = 5
Halosydna - 2
Haploscoloplos elongatus - 7
Leocrates = &
Lumbrineris cruzensis = 26, some ovigerous
Lumbrineris, larger species - 1
Magelona, pouched - 20 or more
Nephtys ferruginea - 6 larger
smaller Nephtys - 9
Nereis procera - 36 or more
Nothria elegans - 55 or more; the longest tube measures about 30 oO cm; total weight with tubes is 34.2 grams
Platynereis bicanaliculata - 6
Tharyx ?’parvus - 5
SUMMARY.= The largest animal is Diopatra ornata, the most conspicuous is Nothria elegans. The sample is estimated to have about 45 species and 550 individuals.
I SW-4. Sta. 3478-55. In 78 feet. OPG took 0.25 cuft of black sandy mud with a slight odor of H5S. The screenings consisted of less than half a pint of materials, including a larger seastar and other animals which were largely polychaetes.
Echinoderms include: Astropecten californicus -1, measuring 85 mm to tips of arms and 18 mm across the disk, and 2 arms of another individual ophiuroids- 2 arms only, no disks Crustaceans include?
amphipods~ 5 (one carries 2 embryos, another is an oedocerotid)
cumaceans = 3
ostracods= 2 brown and 2 with sculptured Mollusks are few and include:
Cadulus = 1 small Tellina - 3 Nassarius = 1 small shell fragments of others
Glottidia albida- 2 small
Nemerteans = one moderately large and several minute ones Sipunculid - 1 small
Polychaetes include:
ampharetid - 1 tiny maldanid - 1, in sandy tube Aricidea = 3 Nephtys - 1 large and 1 small Chaetozone = many small Nereis procera - 2
Glycera - 7 small Nothria elegans- 6 or more Haploscoloplos elongatus - 12 Pherusa = 1 juvenile
hesionid = 1 small phyllodocid - 1 juvenile Laonice = l polynoid - 1 juvenile Lumbrineris ?cruzensis - 3 Prionospio, nr. malmgreni - 19 Magelona, pouched - 18 Tharyx *parvus - many
SUMMARY.= The sample is characterized by the presence of many smaller polychaetes and Astropecten. Total volume of organic matter, ex- cluding the seastar, is 6 drams.
x rh.
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91
I SW-5. Sta. 5485-55. In 135 feet. OPG took 0.31 cuft of fine green, well packed mud. The screenings were almost entirely animals of various kinds.
Echinoderms include:
Astropecten californicus - 3
Amphiodia Amphispina) digitata - 2
Amphipholis squamata - 20 Crustacéans include:
larger amphipods, perhaps Ampelisca- several
smaller amphipods- many
cancroid crab=- 1 small Mollusks include?
2 Ni@aLolaLeW icy ab
smaller pelecypods and gastropods - few
Nemertean=- few smaller kinds
Nematodes = some
Polycheetes include: Anaitides Exogone, with attached embryos Chaetozone Nephtys Chloeia Pectinaria, smaller individuals other cirratulids Prionospio spp. ?EBuc lymene Sphaerodorum Eumida and others
SUMMARY.= The numbers and kinds of animals are limited, perhaps because of the small size of the sample.
I SW-6. Sta. 5490-55. In 156 feet. OPG took 0.65 cuft of green . sticky mud with many arenaceous and calcareous foraminiferans. Echinoderms include:
Amphiodia digitata = 8 Astropecten californicus - 2 Amphioplus hexacanthus - 1 Ophiura lutkeni - 2
Amphipholus squamata - 47 Crustaceans include: amphipods =- at least 30, with Pontharpinia sp. G-l brown ostracods = about 80 cumaceans - some fragment of a ghost shrimp nebalian - at least 1 pinnixid = l Mollusks include 2 living Polynices, a chaetoderm, a small Aglaja, many Cadulus, other small pelecypods and gastropods Anemone, ?Harenactis - 1 Nemerteans - about 10 smaller Phoronids- 3, in stiff slender tubes Polychaetes with 40 or more species, include:
Anaitides Eumida Ancistrosyllis - 2 Glycera americana - 1 large
Aricidea = many, some ovigerous Glycera, other spp.- about 20 Brada= 1 juvenile Haploscoloplos elongatus - 7 capitellids with 2 or more species HarmothoS - 2 juveniles
-many Leocrates - 2 Chaetozone - several Lumbrineris cruzensis - many Chloeia pinnata - 38 juveniles Lumbrineris, other species other cirratulids - many Magelona = 2 Cossura candida - 4 _ maldanids, several species- many
Drilonereis - 2 Nephtys ferruginea - several
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92
other nephtyids- some Polydora = 1
Nereis procera = 15 Prionospio nr. malmgreni - about 100
?Nerine - 2 or more Prionospio pinnata - about 40
Nino’ = several Scalibregma - 1 ovigerous
Onuphis nebulosa ~ 3 or more Sphaerodorum =- 3 ovigerous
Panthalis - 1 larger Spiophanes - 6 or more
Pectinaria - about 30, largely Sthenelanella uniformis - 5 juveniles terebellid in sand-covered tube -l
Pherusa - 20 small, some ovigerous Thalenessa and other sigalionids
Pholoe = 5 small - several
phyllodocids- various Tharyx ¢?parvus - many
SUMMARY.= This is a diversified shelf fauna characterized by many ‘kinds of species in different groups.
I SW-7. Sta. 2991-55. In 150 feet. OPG took 0.5 cuft of hard packed black mud. The screenings consisted largely of different kinds of smaller polychaetes.
Echinoderms include:
Amphipholis squamata - 15 juveniles
Ophiothrix spiculata - an arm segment only Crustaceans include a pinnixid crab, a ghost shrimp, and a few
amphipods Mollusks include a Cadulus, smaller gastropods ana pelecypods. Polychaetes include:
Amaea occidentalis Melinna
Chaetozone Nephtys
Drilonereis, dark green fragments Nereis procera BKuclymene- 12 or more in tubes Pherusa
Glycera Pholos
Goniada Podarke pugettensis Haploscoloplos elongatus - 1U or more Poecilochaetus johnsoni Lumbrineris spp. Sthenelanella uniformis Magelona pacifica - 1 or more Syllis
Magelona, pouched = 1 or more SUMMARY.= This fauna is characterized largely by a diversity of smaller polychaetes.
I SW-8. Sta. 5491-55. In 198 feet. OPG took 1.65 cuft of dark green sticky mud with odor of H5S. The screenings contained many arenaceous foraminiferans, especially Alveolophragmium planis- simum (Cushman), and many different kinds of metazoan animals. Echinoderms include?
Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica - 141 Amphioplus hexacanthus - 1
Amphipholis squamata = 176 holothurians- a purple, and a white papillated one Crustaceans include: pinnixid crab - 18, presumably commensal of maldanid ghost shrimp = 3 amphipods- more than 64, include: dexaminid - 19 ovigerous phoxocephalids with:
Heterophoxus sp. A-2 Pontharpinia sp. G-l Metaphoxus sp. A-20 Pontharpinia sp. J-3
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cumaceans = 20 or more ostracods = at least 13 Mollusks include many small pelecypods and gastropods, and a larger chaetoderm Echiuroid - 1 Enteropneust - 1 Nemertean - a very large red-ribbon kind and a smaller one Nematodes = some ; Polyclad - 1 Phoronid - 3 Polychaetes include: ampharetid = l Ancistrosyllis - 8 small though mature ‘Brada - 1 larger, coarsely papillated and 4 much smaller, finely papillated capitellid, smaller kind- about 10 capitellid, larger - 1
Ceratocephala c. americana - 1
Chaetozone = some
Chloeia pinnata = 44 or more Chone = 1
cirratulids, various kinds- many Cossura candida = about 20 Drilonereis = 2 or more
EKumida = 1
Eunice = 1 larger, in mucoid tube Glycera americana - 1 large
Glycera capitata - 16 or more
Goniada - 5 or more
Haploscoloplos elongatus - about 10 Harmothoé lunulata var.
?Laonice = 1
Leocrates - 2
Lumbrineris, large species - 1 Lumbrineris spp., smaller kinds- many Magelonayi>. - 2
Maldane
other maldanids
Marphysa, resembling conferta- 2 larger and 2 small Nephtys ferruginea and other species - 10 or more Nereis procera
Nino& - ile
Paranaitis polynoides - 1 larger Paraonis sppsz several
Pectinaria californiensis - 17 Pherusa - 8
Pholo® - 1 or more
Phyllodoce = 1 Pista, resembling cristata - in large, thick muddy tube
Prionospio pinnata = 10 Prionospio, other kinds - many Rhodine - 1
Scalibregma - 1 other sigalionids - some
Spiophanes - 1
Sthenelanella uniformis - 1 or more Terebellides » 1
Tharyx sp.- many
Travisia = 2
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SUMMARY.- The largest animal is a red nemertean followed by Glycera americana; the most numerous are various kinds of annelids, ophiur- oids and crustaceans.
I SW-9. Sta. 5498-55. In 261 feet. OPG took 1.0 cuft of green sticky mud. The screenings consisted almost entirely of animals or their remains, large numbers of arenaceous foraminiferans,especially Alveolophragmium and Goesella.
Echinoderms include? Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica - 328 Amphipholis squamata - 126 phioplus strongyloplax - 1
holothurians - 5 juveniles Crustaceans include many entomostracans of various kinds Mollusks include:
Aglaja, = 1 Solemya
adulus Tellina
chaetoderm = 2 or more smaller gastropods= many
Cuspidaria smaller pelecypods- many
Dentalium rectius - 1 large Glottidia albida - a few small or juvenile branching hydroid on turbon shell hydroid,; Monobrachium, on Axionopsis shells- many Nemerteans = some Polyclad= 35 or more Nematodes = some Phoronid = slender tubes
Polychaetes includes Lumbrineris ?cruzensis
Ancistrosyllis smaller capitellids
Chloeia pinnata various cirratulids Cossura candida Drilonereis
small Glycera
Goniada
Haploscoloplos elongatus Harmothoe lunulata var. Laonice
Magelona
smallér maldanids
Nephtys ferruginea and another kind paraonids
Pectinaria californiensis
Pholo
smaller phyiiodocids
Prionospio spp.
Sthenelanella
Tharyx
SUMMARY.- The most conspicuous animals are ophiuroids and Pectinaria.
I SW-10. Sta. 3390-55. In 200 feet. OPG took 0.88 cuft of fine green sandy mud. Echinoderms include:
Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica - 44
mphipholis squamata - 3
Ophiura lutkeni = 5 Crustaceans include?
stalked barnacles (Scalpellum) attached to onuphid tubes
a pinnixid crab
phoxocephalid amphipods:
Heterophoxus sp. A-1 Pontharpinia sp. J- 2 Pontharpinia sp. E-3
other amphipods, ostracods, cumaceans Mollusks include a living Polynices, other gastropods and pelecypods Glottidia albida - 1 larger and I smaller
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95
Polychaetes include:
Aphrodita - 1
Onuphid tubes
Pectinaria californiensis - 13
Travisia - 1
and others SUMMARY of I SW=1 to 10: The biomass values resemble those in Zone
I-W, and the numbers and kinds of animal species are similar.
I NW-1. Sta. 3481-55. In 48 feet. OPG took 2.52 cuft of dark, well packed mud with strong odor of H5S. The screenings consisted of much black algal detritus, shell fragments and fine black gravelly material. The contained animals are polychaetes of afew species.
Aricidea spp.- many, including large individuals
Haploscoloplos elongatus = many
Lumbrineris spp.
Nothria elegans = many
and some other smaller kinds SUMMARY.- The largest and most conspicuous are Nothria elegans.
I NW-2. Sta. 3482-55. In 80 feet. OPG took 1.51 cuft of coarse gravel with black mud. The screenings consisted of 2 1/2 liters of coarse black gravel, sand, detritus and animal remains. Living species were largely annelids, associated with a few small Glottidia, some amphipods and other small crustaceans; mollusks were few and small.
SUMMARY.- The most conspicuous and largest animal was Diopatra or- nata with many individuals in coarsely constructed tubes
TNW=5. Sta. 5487-55. In 75 feet. OPG took 0.75 cuft of fine black mud with odor of HoS. The screenings consisted of shell frag- ments of Conus, PolynicesS, Nassarius and other kinds, in addition to many kinds of animals.
Echinoderms include?
Amphiodia (Amphispina) digitata - 11 Amphipholis sgquamata - 9
holothurian = 1 juvenile Crustaceans include: amphipods = 21 ostracods = 10 pinnixid, commensal probably of maldanid = 4 cumaceans = some Glottidia = 1 small Nemerteans, sipunculids and small anemones, represented Polychaetes include;
Ampharete ?arctica - Drilonereis - 2 neistrosyllis Buc lymene Aricidea suecica Goniada - 17 or more Aricidea uschakovi Haploscoloplos elongatus - 13 or more Brada- 1 larger and 5 small Leocrates small capitellid Lumbrineris limicola - 1 large Chaetozone Magelona spp.- 10 or more Chone Nereis procera - 28 or more other cirratulids, many Nothria elegans- some, in tubes
Cossura candida Paraonis
96
Rneruse (= 5 rit Telepsavus sp. soil Phyllodoce piophanes - 1, in tube Pilargis Sthenelais Prionospio,nr. malmgreni- 50 or more syllids
Prionospio pinnata - 2 Tharyx- many Sphaerodorum - 1] and others
SUMMARY.=- The sample contained 60 or more species with more than 200 individuals; a few show peaks of abundance. The largest one is Lumbrineris limicola, the most conspicuous are Nereis procera, and spioniform kinds.
‘I NW-4. Sta. 6219-55. In 57 feet. OPG took 1.19 cuft of coarse gravel. The screenings consisted of about 9 liters of rubble, with many animals.
Echinoderms include 2 ophiuroids and a holothuroid Crustaceans include:
cancroid crabs=- 11 juveniles
pinnixid crab, commensal of Schizocardium- 7
amphipods - 92 or more
isopods = 9
also a cumacean, a pycnogonid, and perhaps others Mollusks include a smaller Conus, a Crepidula, various smaller gastro-
pods and pelecypods, none conspicuous Hydroid colonies on tubes of Phyllochaetopterus tubicolous anemone (cerianthid)- 1 in tube a larger sea pen, Stylatula white branching bryozoans- few Nemerteans = 2-
Sipunculids- 16 smaller
Nematodes 15 or more
Leech- 1 tiny
Enteropneust, possibly Schizocardium- 1 large Polychaetes include:
ampharetids = 9 Laonice Amphicteis scaphobranchiata - 1 Leocrates tes - 1 Anaitides ~ 1 larger and 15 smaller lLumbrineris Yealiforniensis- Ancistrosyllis 4 large Arabella - 2 Lumbrineris, small form- 22 Aricidea - 7 Melinna - 1 larger capitellid - 1 Nephtys - 1 juvenile small capitellid - 12 Nereis procera - 37 Chaetozone fecorona = 22 or more Pherusa - 1 larger, 9 small Chone)=)"/ Phyllochaetopterus prolifica- Cistenides = 1 about 50 Diopatra 0: ornata = 28 or more, to Prionospio pinnata - 4
25 cm long, weigh 437 grams Prionospio, other spp.- 10 Dorvillea gracilis - 15, some mature Sabellaria - 2, on dead shells Drilonereis - 1 sabellid colony, in old Conus Kuclymene - 4 shell Bulalia = 2 Scalibregma - 1 Bumildal = 7/ Spiophanes - 1 Exogone = 26 Sthenelais - 1 Glycera americana - 1 syllid - 4 Glycera, another sp.- some Tharyx - 33, some ovigerous
Haploscoloplos = 9 and many others Harmotho& lunulata var.- 4
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97 SUMMARY.- The largest and most conspicuous are Diopatra ornata. Total number of species is estimated at 70 of which 50 are annelids; total number of individuals in excess of 600. Echinoderms and mollusks are few.
I NW-5. Sta. 3493-55. In 100 feet. OPG took 1.57 cuft of green sticky mud with slight odor of HS. Most of the sediment passed through the screens.
Echinoderms include: Astropecten armatus - 5
Crustaceans include a few amphipods
Mollusks include a living Polynices, a few Tellina, Cadulus, and some other smaller gastropods and pelecypods
Glottidia - a few small
Cerianthid anemone- in tube
Some sipunculids and smaller nemertean
Polychaetes include:
Ancistrosyllis Lumbrineris spp.
Asychis- 1 in limp, silt-covered maldanids, in stiff sandy tubes, tube with more than 1 species
Chaetozone Nereis procera- 1 ovigerous
Glycera Prionospio pinnata
Laonice and other small spionids Spiophanes
Lepidasthenia Sthenelanella uniformis
and others Tharyx parvus- many
I NW-6. Sta. 3493-55. In 95 feet. OPG took 1.19 cuft of green sticky mud. The screenings were almost entirely animals of various kinds.
Echinoderms include: Pisaster giganteus- 1 large, weighs 187.5 grams (wet weight)
Astropecten - 1 Crustaceans include? phoxocephalid amphipods, Pontharpinia sp. G-l , and Pontharpinia sp. J-l other amphipods, ostracods, cumaceans Mollusks include? a large ?Drupa sp.- 1, weighs 75.3 grams (wet weight) Conus Eulima and other smaller gastropods and pelecypods Nemertean, perhaps Cerebratulus- 1 large Polychaetes with many species and individuals, include:
Nephtys other spionids
Nereis procera Sternaspis
Prionospio spp. Terebellides
various cirratulids a large terebellid, in tube
and many other kinds
SUMMARY.-The fauna from this area is enriched, represented by larger and smaller individuals of many groups of animals. The largest individual is Pisaster giganteus. The number of species is est- imated at 75, that of individuals at 125.
I NW-7. Sta. 3494-55. In 114 feet. OPG took 2.68 cuft of green sticky mud. The screenings consisted of many kinds of animals.
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98
Echinoderms include:
Astropecten californicus - 1 large
Amphiodia (Amphispina) digitata - 7 Crustaceans include some amphipods, 2 pinnixid crabs, a nebalian. Mollusks include a moon snail, a few Tellina, living shells of Cadulus,
Leda, Thyasira, and others. Glottidia albida - several juveniles Nemerteans include a large Cerebratulus and several other small kinds. Phoronid = 1 or more in tubes. Polychaetes include:
Ancistrosyllis - several
Aricidea - several
- Cossura candida - more than 1
Diopatra tridentata - 1 larger
Glycera
Goniada
Lumbrineris spp.
maldanids in slender sandy tubes
Marphysa, resembling conferta - 1
Melinna, in tube
Nephtys caecoides - 2 larger
Nereis procera = 3
Pectinaria californiensis - smaller individuals and a few tubes Pherusa = several smaller Pholoe
Prionospio, nr. malmgreni - some Spiophanes missionensis, in tubes - many Sternaspis = 1 small Sthenelanella uniformis, in tubes Tharyx parvus = many Tharyx, with tattered tubes - many SUMMARY.= The largest individuals are Astropecten and Cerebratulus 5 the most conspicuous are various kinds of polychaetes. The number of species is estimated at 50, that of individuals at 400.
I NW-8. Sta. 3395-55. In 146 feet. OPG took 2.00 cuft of sticky black mud with slight odor of H_S. The screenings consisted of about half a pint of dark gray sandy @ebris and a similar volume of small white shell fragments.
Echinoderms include: Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica - 118 Amphiura arcystata - 1
Amphipholis squamata - 60 Ophiura lUtkeni - 1 Amphioplus hexacanthus - 4 holothuroids - 2 small
Crustaceans include: ghost shrimp = 3 pinnixid crabs = 6 amphipods, many, with phoxocephalids:
Heterophoxus sp. A-1 Pontharpinia sp. G-l Metaphoxus sp. A - 4 Pontharpinia sp. J-6
Mollusks include a few Cadulus, 2 Aglaja, a chaetoderm, and several other small pelecypods and gastropods.
Cerianthid anemone = 3 in tubes
Nemerteans = some smaller
Enteropneust
Phoronid
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99
Polychaetes include?
Anaitides Marphysa, resembling conferta Aricidea Nephtys Asychis Nereis procera - 6 Ceratocephala c. americana Ninoe - several Chloeia pinnata onuphids in tubes Cossura candida Panthalis pacifica Drilonereis Pectinaria californiensis - 25 Glycera - 20 or more Pholoe
~Goniada - 4 Prionospio pinnata - 1” Haploscoloplos elongatus - 6 Prionospio, others - 50 Harmothoe lunulata var. sabellid in tube Hyalinoecia juvenalis - 2 Spiophanes Lumbrineris, larger species 10 Sthenelanella uniformis Lumbrineris, smaller kind - 55 # and other kinds
Maldane - @
SUMMARY.- The largest individual is Panthalis pacifica, and the most conspicuous various annelids and ophiuroids. The number of Species is estimated at 75, that of individuals at 500 or more.
I NW-9. Sta. 5495-55. In 122 feet. OPG took 0.65 cuft of green sticky mud. The screenings consisted of various kinds of animals, tubes and many arenaceous foraminiferans.
Echinoderms include a few smaller ophiuroids and a moderately large
Astropecten californicus.
Crustaceans include several clusters of Scalpellum (barnacle), some amphipods, many brown ostracods, cumaceans and other small kinds. Mollusks include:
Acila Thyasira
Aglaja various kinds of bubble shells Cadulus other small gastropods and Polynices pelecypods
Glottidia albida - 2 small Phoronids = several tubes Polychaetes, very numberous, diversified and largely smaller, include:
various cirratulids Lumbrineris spp.
Cossura candida Pectinaria, small and few Drilonereis Phyllodoce, juveniles
Euc lymene Prionospio, nr. malmgreni Glycera capitata Prionospio pinnata Goniada Rhodine
Harmothoe lunulata var. pobepsavus Spe
and others erebe 6s
SUMMARY.- The largest individual is Astropecten, the most conspicuous various kinds of annelids. The number of species is estimated at 42, that of individuals at 150.
SUMMARY OF I NW-1 to 9. The biomass values are comparable to those in zone I W and I SW, ranging from a Limited-Pollution-Fauna to a Limited-Enriched Fauna.
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100
II=-1. Sta. 2788-54, In 54 feet. OPG took 1.52 cuft of coarse gray sand and shell. The screenings consisted of nearly 32 liters of shelly and sandy rubble and biological debris; many dead tests of Dendraster, filled with black mud, contained a long, slender sipunculid and their outer side had occasional sand-covered solitary tunicates. The living animals are largely sipunculids and polychaetes of a few kinds.
Amphipods, few, with phoxocephalids:;
Pontharpinia sp. B32
Pontharpinia sp. M=2
Polychaetes include: Aricidea suecica - many Lumbrineris, with long head - 1 Marphysa mortenseni - 1 large Pisione, near remota - many and some others SUMMARY.- The largest individual is Marphysa, the most conspicuous the Sipunculid inhabiting dead tests of Dendraster. The number of species is estimated at 7 to 10, and that of individuals at about
150.
Ii=-2, Sta. 5161-55. In 75 feet. OPG took 0.06 cutt of fine gray sandy mud. The screenings consisted of biological rubble weighing 196 grams, some tube fragments, broken shells, many smaller dead mollusk shells, a few foraminifertms, and many animals. Echinoderms include?
Amphiodia (Amphispina) digitata - 1
Amphioplus hexacanthus =- 2
Amphipholis squamata - 1
Ophiura lutkeni = 6
Sa
Ophiuroconis bispinosa - 5 Crustaceans include: amphipods with 14 species and about 106 individuals with: caprellids = 30 phoxocephalids with:
Metaphoxus spe A-1l Pontharpinias pi. Kya Pontharpinia sp. B-23 Pontharpinia sp. Q - 8
ampeliscid, Ampelisca cristata - 1
stenothoid = 5
oedicerotid - 4
pleustid = 1
photid = 25
corophiids with?
Corophium sp. = 1 Erichthonius brasiliensis - 3
aorid = 4 Mollusks include few living small gastropods and pelecypods Glottidia albida - 6 small Slender hydroid stalks Nemerteans - i larger red, in a tube, and 4 smaller ones Ascidian - 1 Polychaetes include?
ampharetid =- 1 juvenile capitellid - 1 juvenile Anaitides = 1 juvenile Chone = 1 large and 3 small Aphrodita Diopatra ornata - 1 juvenile Aricidea spp. = 23 _ Diopatra tridentata
Armandia = 2 Drilonereis
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101
?Euclymene = 8 Paraonis = 5
Eumida Pherusa - 2 small
Goniada - 4 Phyllochaetopterus prolifica-10 Haploscoloplos elongatus Platynereis bicanaliculata Hemipodus = 1 Podarke pugettensis-2 juveniles Hesperalia - 1 Prionospio nr. malmgreni-120 or Laonice - 2 more -
Lumbrineris cruzensis - 17 Prionospio pinnata - 3 large Magelona (pouched) - 15 3 and 2 small
Nephtys caecoides - 5 Spiophanes missionensis - 4 Nereis procera = 5 Sthenelais =- 1
Onuphis eremita - 5, in tubes Syllis -(3
Onuphis nebulosa - 100 or more terebellid - 2 juveniles
and others Thalenessa = 4
Tharyx - many SUMMARY.- The largest individualis Nephtys caecoides and the most conspicuous is Onuphis nebulosa. The sample is estimated to have about 60 species and more than 650 individuals. The sample was very imperfect,- about 0.06 cuft.
II=- sub 2. Sta. 4047-56. In 222 feet. Volume not measured. Screenings consisted of about 6 liters of gravelly materials; most conspicuous animals were pink cone-like colonies of a bryozoan, Conopeum commensale (identified by Dr. John Soule), white sponge with long, compact needles, various dead mollusk shells, and polychaetes especially Nephtys, maldanids, and many others.
II-5. Sta. 3162-55. In 75 feet. OPG took 0.1 cuft of fine gray sand. Screenings consisted of about 250 grams of rubble mixed with many different kinds of animals, mostly small in size.
Echinoderms include:
Amphioplus hexacanthus - 2 Ophiuroconis bispinosa - 5 Amphipholis squamata - 2 Ophiura lutkeni - 5 Astropecten californicus - 1 holothurian - 1 Lovenia cordiformis = l Crustaceans include many amphipods with: phoxocephalids: Pontharpinia sp. B= 38 Pontharpinia sp. K = 5 Pontharpinia sp. G= 3 Pontharpinia sp. W - 9
many isopods, some cumaceans, a pinnixid Scalpellum (barnacle) attached to tube of Phyllochaetopterus Mollusks include various smaller gastropods and pelecypods, none conspicuous Glottidia albida - 23 small Nemerteans - 4 or more, all small Platyhelminth = 2 Nematodes = 2 or more about 10 slender stalks of hydroids Polychaetes include:
?Ampharete arctica, in tubes - 2 Chone, slender form = 1 Anaitides - 3 Chone, robust form - 1 Aphrodita armifera =- 1 ?Chaetozone =- 6 Aricidea spp. - 19 Drilonereis
Armandia = 2 Eumida ?sanguinea - 2
capitellid = 1 Exogoninae = 2
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102
?Genetyliis = 2 Onuphis nebulosa - more than 200.
Glycera - 3 onuphid
Goniada = 6 Phyllochaetopterus prolifica-50
Haploscoloplos elongatus - 3 Pista
Hesperalia - 4 Platynereis bicanaliculata - 4
°Heteromastus filobranchus Podarke pugettensis
Laonice Prionospio nr. malmgreni - 40
Leocrates Prionospio ?cirrifera - some
Lumbrineris cruzensis - 12 Prionospio pinnata - 3
Lumbrineris, large kind - 1 Pseudopotamilla, in tube Magelona, p pouched - 18 Spiophanes - 2
maldanid = 7 or more Syllid - 8
Nereis procera = 6 ?Talehsapia
Nephtys ferruginea = 10 Thalenessa - 3
Nothria ?elegans = 1 Tharyx =- 10 or more
and others
SUMMARY.= The sample represents a diversified fauna; the large individual is Glycera, the most conspicuous Onuphis nebulosa. The number of species are estimated at 90, that of individuals at 500.
II+4,. Sta. 2722-54. In 92 feet. OPG took -.25 cuft of greenish sand with shell fragments. The screenings consisted of less than a liter, with many kinds of smaller animals and little debris. Echinoderms include:
Amphioplus hexacanthus - 1
Lytechinus ané anamesus = 2
Ophiura lutkeni - 11 Smaller crustaceans numerous and diversified Mollusks include Chaetoderm and other kinds Sipunculids Nemerteans Polychaetes numerous and diversified SUMMARY.= The sample is estimated to contain about 50 species and more
than 550 individuals.
Ii-5. Stations 2194-52 and 2195-52, in the vicinity of Hermosa and Seal Beach piers, in 96 to 128 feet, over gray sand, using a 6-foot beam trawl, took the following kinds of fishes (identified by Howard Winter and Vernon Gregory).
1.6 miles from the end of Hermosa Beach pier?
Sand dab, Citharichthys stigmaeus
Dover Boiler Microstomus pacificus
English sole, Parophrys Parophrys vetulus 4 miles from the end of Seal Beach pier:
Tongue sole, Symphurus atricaudus - 2
Sand dab, Citharichthys . stigmaeus - 4
Kingfish, Genyonemus lineatus
Mottled turbot, Pleuronichthys coenosus = 6
Queenfish, Seriphus politus - 2
Midshipman, Porichthys miriaster - 2
Bay pipefish, Syngnathus leptorhynchus
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103
II=6,. Sta. 5165-55. In 152 feet. OPG took 2.83 cuft of black mud with strong odor of H,S. The screenings consisted of fine black sand, a stick and small bits of plant debris weighing 1050 grams. Echinoderms include only 5 very small ophiuroids Crustaceans include:
pinnixid crab, commensal with Schizocardium, an enteropneust - 59
amphipods, presumably of one kind - 18
ostracod - l]
Mollusks include: -Macoma sp. - 1 large, weighing 31.7 grams (wet weight)
many smaller gastropods and pelecypods of various kinds Nemerteans - 4 or more Nematode = 1 or more Schizocardium, an enteropneust =- at least 20 Polychaetes include?
Ancistrosyllis - 26 Leocrates - 1
Brada = 6 Nephtys ferruginea - 2
Capitella capitata - 56 other Nephtys
other capitellids Nereis procera - 3
Chloeia Pectinaria californiensis - 2
Cossura candida = 4 Pholoe - 2
Givcenay =i Prionospio tcirrifera - 7
Haploscoloplos elongatus Prionospio pinnata - 8
Harmothoe lunulata var. - 8 Prionospio, other spp. - many
Laonice = 2 Telepsavis sp. - 5 in tubes Spiophanes :
SUMMARY.» The largest individual is Macoma, the most conspicuous is Schizocardium. Conspicuously lacking are echinoderms, diversified smaller crustaceans, Glottidia, and others. The sample is estimated to contain 33 species with 275 individuals.
IIi=-7, Sta. 2559-53. In 185 feet. OPG took 0.65 cuft of gray sand and clay. The screenings consisted of many polychaetes, ophiuroids, echiuroids, arenaceous foraminiferans, and many diversified kinds of animals.
Echinoderms, totalling about a pint, include: Amphiodia (Amphispina) digitata - 388 Amphipholis squamata - 43
stropecten californicus - 2 juveniles
holothuroids = a long purple and a smaller white papillated kind Crustaceans include?
amphipods =- more than 100
ostracods - about 12 with 2 or 3 species
isopods = 9 or more
cumaceans = 5 or more Mollusks include many smaller pelecypods and gastropods with:
Cadulus
Cylinchna diegensis
chaetoderm
Volvulella
and others Glottidia albida - 1 larger and 6 small Nemertean - several
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104
Echiuroidea - 5 moderately large Enteropneust - an anterior end Polychaetes include: Amaea occidentalis - 2 Ammotrypane ampharetid Armandia Brada = 4 capitellid Ceratocephala c. americana - 2 Chloeia pinnata - 150 or more Cossura candida = 4 Diopatra in tube - 1 Eumida ? sanguinea - 1 or more Bumida sp. in sandy tube Eunice Glycera ? capit - 14 Goniada - 7 Haploscoloplos elongatus - 11
Harmothoe junulata var. - 10, in maldanid tube Leocrates - 3 Laonice
Lumbrineris bicirrata - 5 large Lumbrineris spp. = more than 100 Marphysa, resembling conferta - 8 Myriochele gracilis - with everted proboscis Nephtys ?californiensis - 1 larger Nephtys spp. = 5 or more Nereis procera Ninoe = 2 Onuphis, in tubes = 2 Paraonis = 5 or more Pectinaria californiensis - 21 Pherusa = 18 Pholoe - 149 or more phyllicodocids = several Pilargis maculata small Pista Polydora, in tubes fully attached to Diopatra tube Praxillella affinis pacifica - at least 6, in sandy tubes Prionospio, nr. malmgreni - 60 Prionospio pinnata = 24 Scalibregma, small species - 5 ovigerous Sigalionid Telepsavus _sp.: in tubes Spiophanes missionensis, in tubes Sthenelanella uniformis, in tubes Terebellides = 5 terebellid fragments Travisia = 3 SUMMARY.= The sample is characterized by diversity of kinds and large numbers of individuals. Number of species is estimated at 65, and that of individuals at more than 1000.
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105
IIi-8. Sta. 2195-52. In 240 feet. OPG took 3.0 cuft of fine sandy mude The sample has been partly analyzed (Hartman, 1955, p. 45). The bottom resembled II-7 in its diversity and large biomass.
IT-9. Sta. 2560-55. In 291 feet. OPG took 1.635 cuft of gray sand, rock and clay. The sample has not yet been analyzed.
SUMMARY of Zone II-l1 to 9. The small triangular shallow area in the vicinity of Redondo Beach supports an unusually diversified fauna with concentrations of species unmatched in other parts of Santa Monica Bay.
III-1. Sta. 3218-55. In 39 feet. OPG took 0.51 cuft of fine green silty sand. The screenings consisted of less than half a pint of animals, mostly annelids, and little debris.
Echinoderms include 3 small ophiuroids and 2 tiny holothuroids. Crustaceans include?
pinnixid crab = 3
amphipods - 34, and caprellids - 3
cumacean - 3
nebalian - 2
tanaids - 7
munnid isopod - 1 or more
ostracod = 2
pycnogonid - 1 Mollusks include smaller pelecypods and gastropods, both dead and living
shells, of Tellina, Eulima Volvulella, Nassarius, Polynices, Yoldia
and others. Glottidia albida - 1 minute Coelenterates include a few stems of Aglaophenia (hydroid)
Monobrachium, on small clam, perhaps Axionopsis Nemerteans - 1 larger and 6 small Nematodes = 3 or more Polychaetes include:
Arabella - 1 large Nothria elegans, in tubes = 6 Aricidea - 7 Onuphis
Caulleriella - 10 or more paraonids
Exogoninae =- some Phyllodoce - 2 ovigerous Glycera Pilargis maculata
Goniada littorea - 12, ovigerous Platynereis, juvenile Haploscoloplos elongatus - 3 Poecilochaetus johnsoni Harmothoe lunulata var. Prionospio nr. malmgreni - 350 Laonice or more
Lumbrineris spp. - 25 or more Prionospio pinnata - 4 Magelona - 8 Syllis “= 10
Nephtys caecoides - 1 large, 6 small Tharyx parvus - 2 Nereis - 2 juvenile
SUMMARY.- The largest individual is Arabella, the most conspicuous Nothria elegans.
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106
IiIe2. Sta. 3200-55. In 60 feet. OPG took 1.0 cuft of medium green sand. The screenings consisted of much flocculent dark debris and many animals.
Echinoderms include?
Astropecten californicus - 5
Amphipholis squamata = 1
Amphioplus hexacanthus - 2 Crustaceans include a pycnogonid and a few isopods Mollusks include:
Solen - 2
Tagelus = 3
' Tellina - several and some others
Glottidia albida =- 1 small Polychaetes include?
Amphicteis scaphobranchiata Nephtys arabellid, partly engulfed by Nephtys - Nereid cirratulids Nothria Drilonereis Paraonis, ovigerous ?Huclymene Platynereis Lepidasthenia Prionospio pinnata Lumbrineris cruzensis ?Psammolyce
—- Lumbrineris, large species Sternaspis Magelona Streblosoma Megalomma Terebellides Melinna terebellid, in old shell
and others SUMMARY.= The most conspicuous is Astropecten. The sample is limited in diversity and abundance.
IlI-3. Sta. 5312-55. In 91 feet. OPG took 0.84 cuft of fine green silty sand. The screenings consisted largely of biological debris and animals.
Echinoderms include a larger and 2 smaller holothuroid, and ophiuroids
numbering more than 20.
Crustaceans include:
a small pagurid in dead moon snail shell
Scalpellum clusters - 1 larger and several smaller
amphipods include 3
phoxocephalids with Metaphoxus sp. A = 3 Pontharpinia sp. G= 14 ontharpinia sp. B-12 Pontharpinia sp. Q- 5 Pontharpinia sp. E- 5 and other kinds Mollusks include Chaetoderma, smaller shells of Tellina, Nucula, Cadulus and others. Glottidia albida - 13 small, perhaps juvenile Anemone - 2 small Phoronid, in slender stiff tubes - 3 small Polychaetes (very numerous and diversified) include: Amaea occidentalis - 5 Aphrodita - 1 juv.
Amphicteis scaphobranchiata =- 1 Aricidea - 7 Anaitides = 7 capitellid, small kind - about 10
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Cossura candida = % Drilonereis
?Euclymene - about 20 Exogone, ovigerous - 1 Glycera ? americana - 2 Glycera ? capitata - 9 goniadid - 2
Haploscoloplos elongatus - 2
Harmothoe lunulata var. - 1 Lepidasthenia - 1 Lumbrineris ?cruzensis = 24
Magelona = 1
107
Nerine - 3
Nothria elegans - 6
Notomastus magnus - 1
Onuphis nebulosa - 1
onuphids - several, in tubes Pectinaria californiensis - 2 Pherusa - 10 small
Pholoe - 2
Phyllochaetopterus prolifica - 1 Platynereis bicanaliculata - 1 Polydora - 1
Prionospio pinnata - 5 Prionospio, other species - 7 or more
Maldane - 1 large and 5 small maldanids - several
Spiophanes - 1
Sternaspis - 3
Megalomma = 1 juv. in tube Sthenelanella uniformis - 10 Melinna - 5 or more, in tubes Terebellides - 3
Nephtys =- 5 Thanelessa - 2 Nereis ?procera - 8 Tharyx - 5 or more and others SUMMARY.- The largest is Notomastus magnus, and the most conspicuous is
EKuclymene sp. The polychaetes are the most numberous and diversified.
III=-4, Sta. 5208-55. In 150 feet. OPG took 1.15 cuft of fine green Silty sand. The sample resembles that of III-3, except for the presence of an echiuroid, Listriolobus, and the increasing number of species living in the bottoms.
Echinoderms include more than 100 ophiuroids and 2 purpie holothuroids. Crustaceans include?
ghost shrimp = 2
amphipods - many, including 4 larger Ampelisca and others
cumaceans - many
ostracods = many
isopods = some, with Gnathia and others Mollusks include;
Chaetoderma Leda Bittium Pandora Cadulus Tellina Cuspidaria Volvulella Cylichna and others
Hiatella arctica Glottidia albida = 1 larger and 11 smaller Echiuroid with Listriolobus = 8 or more Nemerteans Sipunculid Monobrachium = 2 colonies on a small clam Phoronid = 2 Enteropneust - 1 Polychaetes include:
Ammotrypane Diopatra tridentata ampharetids Drilonereis
Ancistrosyllis Glycera americana - 1 larger Artacamella Glycera capitata - 10 smaller
Chloeia pinnata - 40 or more cirratulids = few Cossura candida = 3
Haploscoloplos elongatus - 4 small
Harmothoe lunulata var. =- 10 or more Leocrates
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108
Lumbrineris cruzensis - many Prionospio pinnata - several Lumbrineris californiensis - 1 Prionospio, nr. malmgreni - 10 Magelona - 2 Rhodine - fragments
Maldane - 2 small Scalibregma - 3 small maldanids, other kinds Sternaspis - 2
Nephtys = about 8 Sthenelais
Nerine - 3 Sthenelanella uniformis Pectinaria californiensis - 8 Terebellides - 9 smaller Pherusa capulata - 1 larger and others
Pherusa, another kind - 1 small SUMMARY.= The sample has characteristics of an undiminished fauna for having representatives not present near effluent areas.
TII-5. Sta. 3210-55. In 170 feet. OPG took 0.97 cuft of fine medium green silty sand. The screenings consisted of about a pint, largely animals, of which about half was various kinds of ophiuroids, not quite as much was other kinds of invertebrates, and the inert debris had many arenaceous foraminiferan remains, especially Rhabdamina and others. Echinoderms include many smaller ophiuroids and a tiny asteroid. Crustaceans include:
larger amphipods, perhaps Ampelisca - 17
many smaller amphipods
ostracods, largely brown, some rectangular white - many
cumaceans = 9 or more
tanaids =- 4
isopods = gnathid - 6, presumably with rhizocephalan parasite
anthurid - 6
a small crab, Heterocrypta
parasitic copepod attached to thorax of Terebellides.
Mollusks include some smaller pelecypods and gastropods, none conspicuous Hydroid, Monobrachium, on small clam
Polyclad, 1 smaller
Polychaetes include conspicuous numbers of Chloeia, Pectinaria, Pholoe,
a larger Travisia, and many other kinds.
SUMMARY.- The sample is characterized by many different kinds of animals.
III-6. Sta. 3206-55. In 201 feet. OPG took 0.05 cuft of fine green silty sand. The screenings consisted of many kinds of smaller animals totalling about 11/2 pints of which ophiuroids and other echinoderms measured about half of the total. There were a few red waxy lumbs, so light in weight as to float in water.
Echinoderms include?
many smooth disked, smaller ophiuroids, totalling about 2/3 pint
small purple holothuroids - 6
sea urchin = 1 small, measuring about 21 mm across the disk
a small sea star Crustaceans include:
pinnixid - 2 small
amphipods = about 124, with 23 larger red, and 101 smaller pale kinds
cumaceans, including at least 4 species and totalling about 36
ostracods, including at least 3 species and numbering more than 70
isopods, including 2 anthurid, 8 Gnathia (some of which may be para-
sitized by a rhizocephalan), and 6 tanaids of which one is an adult male and one female carries ova.
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109
Mollusks include: chaetoderm - 2 many smaller gastropods and pelecypods of diversified kinds Coelenterate, Monobrachium - about 50 colonies, on small clam ?Harenactis = 4 Nemertean - a few smaller Polychaetes include:
Ammotrypane Panthalis pacifica, with tube ampharetid Paraonis - 7
Aricidea - 5 Pectinaria californiensis - 2 Asychis - a posterior end Pholoe - 42
capitellid, ?Leiochrides - 1 Phyllodoce
Chloeia pinnata - 1 large, 21 small Poecilochaetus ?johnsoni- 2 juv. Chone ? mollis = 3 Polydora
cirratulids - 10 or more Praxillella affinis pacifica-2 Glycera capitata - 5 Prionospio nr. malmgreni- about Goniada - 2 ALO) Haploscoloplos elongatus - 4 Prionospio pinnata - about 10 Harmothoe lunulata var. - 5 Scalibregma - 4, some ovigerous Leanira Sternaspis
Lumbrineris californiensis Sthenelais tertiaglabra Lumbrineris cruzensis - 35 Sthenelanella uniformis Lumbrineris latreilli Streblosoma
Magelona ?pacifica Syllis
Maldane = 3 Terebellides - &
Megalomma, in tube terebellid, in tubes - 4 Myriochele gracilis Thalenessa spinosa
Myxicola Travisia ?pupa - 3
Nephtys - 3 and others
Nothria elegans - fragment
SUMMARY.- This sample contains no less than 90 species of metazoan invertebrates of which about 48Y are estimated to be polychaetes. None is conspicuous for its abundance. The sample was very small.
IiI=-7. Sta. 3203-55. In 200 feet. OPG took 1.57 cuft of sandy and finer green silty mud. The screenings consisted of about 2 pints of various kinds of animals, a large clam, various kinds of arenaceous foraminiferans and some silt.
Echinoderms include?
ophiuroids, perhaps hundreds of smaller, smooth kinds
asteroids = a small juvenile, and arms of a larger one
holothuroids - several smaller, including 2 tailed (?Molpadia) and
others Crustaceans include:
amphipods - 50 or more
ostracods - many
cumaceans - many
isopods, including Gnathia, with a Pair in a tube and 4 others,
some of which may be parasitized by rhizocephalan
tanaids = some Mollusks include:
Compsomyax subdiaphana - 1 larger, measures 60 by 45 mm, weighs
24 grams (wet weight)
Chaetoderm - 1
various smaller gastropods and pelecypods, with 50 or more small
clams partly covered by Monobrachium, a hydroid
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110
Glottidia albida ~ several small
Coelenterate, Monobrachium - about 50 colonies on small white clam, some have attached medusae
Nemerteans - several very small
Nematode - 1 or more
Sipunculids - many, in arms of Rhabdamina (a foraminiferan)
Polychaetes include:
Aglaophamus dicirris - 2 Paraonis = 2 Ancistrosyllis Pectinaria californiensis - 5 Ceratocephala c. americana - 5 Pholoe = about 20 Chloeia pinnata - 32 small ?Pista, in tube
-chaetopterid, ?Spiochaetopterus Poecilochaetus johnsoni Cossura candida Prionospio nr. malmgreni - 6 or more Glycera - 3 Prionospio pinnata - 6 or more Goniada = 3 Sphaerodorum minutum - 4 Harmothoe lunulata var. - 4 Spiophanes - several Lumbrineris spp. = about 40 Sternaspis Magelona - 1 large Sthenelanella uniformis Maldane = 3 streblosoma maldanids = many in sandy tubes Terebellides - about 6 nerinid - several Tharyx or also other cirratulids Ninte Travisia - 1 large and 2 small Panthalis = 2 and others
SUMMARY.= This is a diversified, unlimited shelf fauna. The largest individual was Compsomyax subdiaphana3; Monobrachium showed unusual abundance.
IiI=-7a. Sta. 4516-56. In 221 feet. OPG took 0.81 cuft of sticky green mud, all of which passed through the screens but about a pint, weighing about 56 grams, of which most was smooth red ophiuroids, weighing 357 grams. The screenings contained considerable Rhabdamina. This was nearly a repeat of III-7, for the purpose of taking Monobrachium (see above), which proved sparse in this sample.
Echinoderms include many smooth red ophiuroids, and holothuroids of two kinds,- a white with longitudinal rows of papillae (3), and a pale lavender kind without papillar rows (2 or 3).
Crustaceans includes amphipods = many ostracods = many brown and fewer white with black spot cumaceans = some isopods, including tanaids, anthurid and Gnathia
Mollusks include? chaetoderm = 1 very long and several smaller ones numerous smaller pelecypods, some with Monobrachium gastropods of smaller and various kinds
Coelenterate, Monobrachium - some colonies on small clam, of which a few have attached medusae.
Polychaetes include:
Chloeia pinnata, juveniles Panthalis, tube
Chone paraonids - many
Cossura candida Pectinaria californiensis - 12 Flabelligera - 2 juveniles Pholoe = many
Maldane Pilargis berkeleyi
other maldanid Pista, in thick mud tube
nerinid Prionospio, various species
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SUMMARY.= The sample resembles that in III-7, but is represented with fewer kinds of animals.
IiI-8. Sta. 3209-55. In 560 feet. OPG took 1.05 ecuft of medium green shelly sand. The screenings consisted of considerable rubble, weighing 620 grams (wet weight); there was considerable black debris in the form of algal bits, shell fragments and other biologically formed material.
Echinoderms include: Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica - 191
Amphipholis squamata - 1 caudate holothurian - 2 large
Crustaceans include? amphipods, about 40, with phoxocephalids: Heterophoxus spe A-4
Pontharpinia sp. H-10 brown ostracods - 2
cumaceans - 5 isopod - 1, ovigerous in tube
Mollusks include many smaller pelecypods and gastropods, a tiny chaetoderm, and many dead shells
Echiuroid =- 1 small
Sipunculid = 1
Polychaetes include?
Aricidea Pectinaria californiensis - 34 Artacamella hancocki Pherusa
Chloeia pinnata =- ll Pista, in tubes - about 24 cirratulids - many Prionospio pinnata - 4 Drilonereis Scalibregma
Glycera =- 5 Spiophanes - several Glycinde - 2 various spionids
Harmothoe lunulata var. Sternaspis - 4 juveniles Lumbrineris cruzensis - 4 Sthenelanella uniformis - 4 maldanid - 1 or more Terebellides
Megalomma and others
Nephtys = several ?Nothria - 12
Owenia SUMMARY.= Echinoderms and smaller polychaetes are the most conspicuous and abundant animals.
IIlI-9. Sta. 3001-55. In 489 feet. OPG took 1.89 cuft of sticky gray clay. The screenings consisted of only numerous kinds of smaller animals.
Echinoderms include:
Amphiacantha amphacantha - 5
Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica - 4
Amphipholis squamata - 5 _Amphiura seminuda - 1
Crustaceans include various kinds of smaller entomostracans, with phoxocephalid amphipods:
Harpinia sp. A-3 Heterophoxus sp. A-7
Mollusks include smaller gastropods, pelecypods, a few Dentalium, and some chaetoderms.
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112
Nemertean = 1 or more, none conspicuous Polychaetes (most abundant and diversified) include:
Aglaophamus Lumbrineris spp. Anaitides Pectinaria - many capitellids Prionospio spp. EBuchone Rhodine
Glycera other spionids goniadid Terebellids
Laonice and many other kinds
SUMMARY.- The sample is characteristic of the shelf fauna; there are many kinds of smaller animals.
TiVO WSitas 5205-55. In 555 feet. OPG took 2.08 cuft of silty, green mud. The screenings consisted largely of various kinds of animals and tubes, and very little inert debris.
Echinoderms includes:
Amphiacantha amphacantha - 4
Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica - 3
Amphioplus strongyloplax - 2 Crustaceans include many amphipods, ostracods, and other kinds.
phoxocephalid amphipods include:
Harpinia sp. A-3 Heterophoxus sp. A-2
Phoxocephalus sp. A-2 Mollusks include;
scaphopods: Dentalium rectius - 2, and another kind chaetoderm = 4 pelecypods, with Nucula, Acila, Tellina, and others gastropods, smaller shells Hydroid colonies, some on mollusk shells, Acila and Nucula Nemertean - 1 larger and 1 smaller Leech, resembling a flatworm, with suckers at either end - 1 Polychaetes include:
?Amage - 1 larger and 1 smaller large maldanid, in tube Anaitides small maldanid
Ancistrosyllis Mesochaetopterus, with tube Aricidea - 5 Nothria pallida- 3 in mud tubes capitellid Onuphis parva- 50 in mud tubes Chloeia pinnata - 8 larger Panthalis pacifica -2 in tubes cirratulid Pectinaria californiensis -ll Cossura candida Prionospio pinnata - 4 smaller flabelligerid =- 2 in scaphopod shell Sphaerodorum
Glycera Spiophanes - 5 smaller
Goniada - 5 spionid, perhaps Nerine Harmothoe - 3 juveniles Terebellides - 5
?Laonice and others
Lumbrineris ?cruzgensis - 3
SUMMARY.- The largest and most conspicuous were tubes of Panthalis, maldanid and a large nemertean. The species are diversified with none unusually abundant.
III-11. Sta. 5204-55. In 729 feet. OPG took 2.08 cuft of fine silty green mud. Screenings were largely various kinds of animals.
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113
Echinoderms include: Amphiacantha amphacantha - 1 Amphiodia (Amphispina) digitata - 47 Amphioplus strongyloplax - 2
Crustaceans include: many amphipods with phoxocephalids:
Harpinia sp. A-3 Heterophoxus sp. A=-9
Amphipholis squamata - 78 a juvenile asteroid
holothurians - 4 juveniles
Pontharpinia sp. B-2 Pontharpinia sp. B-22 Metaphoxus sp. A-9 Pontharpinia sp. J-17
Phoxocephalus sp. A-1l Pontharpinia sp. Y= 1 ' isopods with at least 4 species and S52 individuals
ostracods, with 44 brown oval, and 9 white rectilinear cumaceans = about Sl copoepods = one calanoid and one parasitic Mollusks include? chaetoderm = 6 scaphopods = 2 living and some dead shells pelecypods with: Acila = about 36 living and many others, especially smaller, living and dead shells gastropods - various smaller shells Echiuroid, Thalassema - 1 large Nemerteans = some Sipunculid =- 1 larger Leech, resembling a flatworm, but with suckers =- 2 Polychaetes include?
SUMMARY. -
gray clay. kinds of animals.
Amaea occidentalis
Ammotrypane ampharetid = 2
Anaitides = larger
Aricidea =- 10 or more
Brada
capitellid = 2 or more Chioeia pinnata = 37 cirratulids = many
Cossura candida = 2 or more Drillionereis = 1 or more Glycera = 12
Goniada = 4
Haploscoloplos elongatus - 5 Harmothoe
Laonice
Lepidasthenia
Lumbrineris spp. = 10 or more Maldane =- 5
Maldanids, of several kinds Melinna
kinds of polychaetes.
Mesochaetopterus, long tube
Myriochele gracilis Nephtys - 6 smaller
nereid fragment
Nothria - several larger paraonids = some Pectinaria californiensis Pholoe = 9
Pista =- 2
Prionospio pinnata - many
Prionospio spp. - some Rhodine
sabellid, in tube - 1 or more
Scalibregma - 3 small Sphaerodorum minutum - 4 Spiophanes - many
Sternaspis - 1 tiny Terebellides - 4
terebellid fragment Tharyx - several and others
The large animal was a large echiuroid, followed by a Ssipunculid; the most numerous were 2 kinds of ophiuroids and several
Tii=-12. Sta. 3002-55. In 715 feet. OPG took 2.77 cuft of sticky
The screenings consisted of about a pint of many different
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114 Echinoderms include:
Amphioplus strongyloplax - 4 Brisaster townsendi - 1 phipholis squamata - 1 holothurians - 4 juveniles
Crustaceans include diversified entomostracans, with phoxocephalid amphipods 3 Harpinia sp. A-2 Heterophoxus sp. A-& Mollusks include? Amygdalum pallidulum = 5 Acila castrensis Macoma sp. - dead shells Volvulella cylindrica- 2 Nemertean Enteropneust Polychaetes include: Glycera Nothria Maldane Onuphis Melinna spionids, various - numerous Mesochaetopterus, in long, coarse tubes and others SUMMARY.=- This fauna is characteristic of moderate depths in mud bottoms.
III-15. Sta. 5005-55. In 974 feet. OPG took 2.45 cuft of dark gray clayey mud. The screenings consistedof about 2 pints of material, with many different kindsof animals, including larger kinds such as echiuroid, brissopsid echinoderms, and various polychaetes. Echinoderms include:
Brisaster townsendi - 2
Amphipolus strongyloplax - 3 Amphipods, with phoxocephalids - Harpinia sp. A-3, and Heterophoxus sp. A-2 Echiuroid - 1 large Many polychaetes of diversified kinds and other animals.
III-14. Sta. 5004-55. In 1344 feet. OPG took 2.2 cuft of clayey mud. The screenings consisted of about 1 1/2 pints of animals of various kinds, including 3 echinoids, a few smaller crustaceans, diversified annelids, and others. The echinoderms are?
Brisaster townsendi =- 2 Brissopsis pacifica- 1
III-15. Sta. 3005-55. In 1630 feet. OPG took 2.83 cuft of clayey mud. The screenings consisted of little except foraminiferan tests, a small sea pen and some polychaetes. They include:
Ancistrosyllis onuphid Brada Paraonis capitellid Pectinaria Myriochele polynoid
SUMMARY.= In spite of its large size, this sample was unique for having few kinds and numbers of animals. There were no echinoderms, mollusks or smaller crustaceans, and polychaetes were few.
III-16. Sta. 5006-55. In 1920 feet. OPG took 2.77 cuft of clayey mud. The screenings consisted of many foraminiferan tests and various kinds of animals.
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115
Echinoderms include:
Amphipholis squamata - 1 Astropecten californicus - 1 juv.
i
Ophiocynodus corynetes - l Mollusks include:
chaetoderm = 4
gastropod, perhaps Mitrella permodesta - 6 Echiuroid = a large proboscis only Polychaetes include:
ampharetids - many cirratulids - several Ancistrosyllis - 1 or more flabelligerid - 1 Aricidea - 1 maldanids - several unknown orbiniid- 1 unknown Polydora - 1 capitellid - l Terebellides
?Chone - 1 and others
SUMMARY.= This is representative of deeper water and resembles that of about the same depth and sediment of San Pedro Basin, above the sill depth.
SUMMARY OF ZONE III-1 to 16.- The fauna of the northern end of Santa Monica Bay is characterized by animal species existing in sandy or muddy bottoms. In shallower parts (to 150 fathoms) there are many smaller, smooth ophiuroids, diversified shallow-water polychaetes, and smaller crustaceans. Deeper parts, represented by samples 14 to 16, are characterized by the presence of burrowing echinoids, echiuroids, and different kinds of polychaetes.
IV-1. Sta. 2997-55. In 600 feet. OPG took 1.89 cuft of fine dark green clayey mud. The screenings consisted of many animals of smaller sizes.
Echinoderms include?
Amphiacantha amphacantha - 4 Amphipholis pugetana - l Amphiodia digitata - 25 Amphipholis squamata - 5 Amphiodia urtica - 1 Amphioplus strongyloplax - 4 Amphiodia psara - 5 large Ophiura lutkeni - & Amphiodia rugosa - 12 Brisaster townsendi - 2 Crustaceans include various entomostracans, with phoxocephalid amphipods: Harpinia sp. A=-7 Phoxocephalus sp. A-5 Heterophoxus sp. A-4 Pontharpinia sp. Eel
Metaphoxus sp. A-9 Polychaetes include many diversified kinds, especially species in
Chloeia, Pectinaria, maldanids, and others. See also the next sample.
IV-2. Sta. 5181-55. In 648 feet. OPG took 2.2 cuft of gray green silty mud. The screenings contained many animals of different kinds but rather few foraminiferan tests.
Echinoderms include:
Amphiacantha amphacantha - 6 Amphiodia urtica - 16 Amphioplus strongyloplax - 4 Amphipholis squamata - 1
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116
Crustaceans include various kinds of amphipods, cumaceans, ostracods phoxocephalid amphipods:
Harpinia sp. A=6 Phoxocephalus sp. A-3 Heterophoxus sp. A-4 Pontharpinia sp. E-1
Metaphoxus sp. A=-5 Mollusks include;
Chaetoderm = 2 Shells of Dentalium, Acila, Amphissa, Tellina, and many others Echiuroid = 1 large Thalassema Nemerteans - 2, one in onuphid tube Sipunculid = 1 in gastropod shell Polyclad = 1 Polychaetes include?
ampharetids = 5 Magelona
Anaitides- 1 Maldane - 3
capitellid large maldanid, in annular tube Caulleriella Myriochele gracilis - 2 Ceratocephala c. americana Nephtys ferruginea
Chioeia pinnata = 10 Onuphis, in tubes - about 20 Drilonereis - 5 Pectinaria californiensis - 56 Buclymene Pista, in tube
flabelligerid, in tooth-shell- 2 Prionospio, nr. malmgreni - 2 Glycera ?americana - 1 large Prionospio pinnata- 2
Glycera capitata - 2 Rhodine
Goniada = 2 Sphaerodorum - 2
Harmothoe lunulata var. - 2 spionids of several kinds - many Laonice - 2 Terebellides
Lumbrineris cruzensis - 2 Travisia ? olens - 1 large
and others SUMMARY.=- The largest animal is an echiuroid, the most conspicuous Pectinaria and onuphid polychaetes. The fauna is diversified and abundant.
IV-3. Sta. 5000-55. In 885 feet. OPG took 2.2 cuft of gray clay. Screenings consisted of about 2 pints of materials containing foraminiferan tests and many different kinds of animals.
Crustaceans include some amphipods, isopods, a commensal copepod and perhaps other kinds Mollusks include:
scaphopods with Dentalium
shells of pelagic pteropods
many smaller gastropods, especially caecids Thalassema - 2 large Sipunculid - l large Polychaetes include;
ampharetids = many onuphid
Brada Pectinaria Chloeia polynoid maldanids Rhodine - several Marphysa, resembling conferta Terebellides Melinna and others Nothria
SUMMARY.- The largest animals are Thalassema, followed by a Sipunculid. The most diversified are various kinds of polychaetes.
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117
IV=-4. Sta. 5180-55. In 1091 feet. OPG took 1.7 cuft of shale, pebbles, sticky green mud and rubble; the screenings consist of about 8 liters of various kinds of debris and some larger animals, of which the largest were dark red Thalassema, various kinds of other wormlike animals, and smaller crustaceans.
TV-5. Sta. 5179-55. In 1201 feet. OPG took 2.01 cuft of green gray mud with odor of H,S. The screenings retained many polychaetes, especially Chloeia, maldanids, and others, also mollusk shells and other animals.
IV-6. Sta. 5178-55. In 1428 feet. OPG took 2.335 cuft of green gray, very sticky mud. The screenings included a large echiuroid, 4 brissopsids, a few ophiuroids, some onuphid and maldanid polychaetes, and many other kinds of annelids.
Echinoderms include: Brissopsis pacifica - 2 Brisaster townsendi - 2
IV-7. Sta. 2999-55. In 1486 feet. OPG took 2.835 cuft of fine dark sticky mud. The screenings contained many foraminiferans, muddy tubes of annelids, and other animals. Mollusks include shells of Dentalium, gastropod, and a larger chaetoderm. Polyclad - 1 smaller Polychaetes include:
ampharetid in thick mud tube Onuphis ?vexillaria - many Ancistrosyllis paraonids
Drilonereis Pilargis, fragment Euclymenid Prionospio pinnata Glycinde Sigalionids
Goniada and others
Lumbrineris spp.
IV=8. Sta. 5399-55. In 1565 feet.. OPG took 2.58 cuft of fine green sticky mud. The screenings retained many foraminiferans and numerous larger animals of various kinds.
Echinoderms include?
Brissopsis pacifica - 2 larger Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica - 3 Amphipholis squamata - 1 Crustacean - a parasitic cyclopoid copepod Mollusks include largely dead shells, especially of Amphissa Glottidia albida - 2 tiny Echiuroid - 1
Nemertean - a large red-ribbon species Polychaetes include:
Ancistrosyllis Maldane - about 15 Aricidea uschakovi - 2 Onuphis vexillaria - 1 large Chone mollis - 1 larger Paraonis - 2
Lumbrineris = 1 small and few other smaller kinds
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118
IV-9. Sta. 3177-55. In 1800 feet. OPG took 2.14 cuft of green mud. The screenings consisted of 2 translucent pale echiuroids, 2 or more nemerteans and polychaetes including:
ampharetids Prionospio cirratulid a large terebellid Goniada
IV-10. Sta. 3176-55. In 2585 feet. OPG took 1.95 cuft of green mud, sand and shale. The screenings consisted of about 135 liters of black rubbly soft muddy to shaley debris, and about a liter of foraminiferans with fine dark rubble. ‘The shaley lumps are more or less penetrated by larger (perhaps pholad) to smaller (perhaps sipunculid) burrows. There are 2 larger clumps of siliceous sponge, and a dead valve of pecten with fenestrated valves. The living animals are few. Mollusks include:
Lucinoma annulata - 1 living and 1 dead shell
Mitrella
Macoma a very small ophiuroid orbiniid polychaete
SUMMARY OF IV-=1 to 10. The fauna in Santa Monica Canyon, in 600 to 2385 feet, resembles that in Redondo Canyon (zone V) but is less diversified and sparser.
Vel. Sta. 2725-54. In 345 feet. OPG took 1.15 cuft of coarse green shelly mud with some rounded stones. The screenings consisted of about 8 liters of fine to coarse gravel, shell fragments and various animals and matted masses of white spicules, like those of sponge, but no living sponges.
Echinoderms include? Amphiacantha amphacantha - 8 hichondrius granulosus - l
Amphiodia (Amphispina) digitata - 359
Amphiodia (Amphiapina) urtica - 5
Amphioplus hexacanthus - 3
Amphioplus strongyloplax - 3 Crustaceans include many diversified entomostracans Mollusks few, include:
scaphopods, pelecypods uid gastropods
some chaetoderm One sea whip Echiuroidea - 1 large deep green Polyclad = 1 Polychaetes include:
Aglaophamus onuphids, in tubes
Brada Pectinaria californiensis Haploscoloplos elongatus polyodontid tube - 1 larger Laonice sigalionids
Lumbrineris, 1 larger Sternaspis
maldanids Terebellides
Nephtys, perhaps ferruginea and others
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119 SUMMARY.=- The largest animal is an echiuroid; the most abundant or conspicuous are an ophiuroid and various kinds of polychaetes. The number of species is estimated at 45, that of individuals about 200.
V-2. Sta. 5165-55. In 360 feet. OPG took only a very small sample of gray mudstone from the wall of the canyon. Echinoderm - fragment of an ophiuroid only Crustaceans include an isopod, an ostracod, and 4 amphipods (2 caprellids) Mollusks include a small gastropod and a juvenile Yoldia A few hydroid stems Nemertean - 1 Polychaetes, largely single individuals, include:
Anaitides, juvenile Magelona, pouched Armandia Nereis procera
Capitella ?capitata Nothria, perhaps elegans another slender capitellid Onuphis
Chone, perhaps mollis Prionospio, nr. malmgreni Lumbrineris Tharyx, perhaps parvus
SUMMARY.- This small sample contains animal species resembling those in shallow bottoms of Zone I (see above).
V-5. Sta. 2192-52. In $66 feet. OPG took 1.51 cuft of fine mud and sand. The screenings consisted largely of many kinds of animals, especially annelids, smaller crustaceans, smaller mollusks, and others.
Mollusks (identified by Dr. Norman T. Mattox) include:
Cadulus fusiformis = 1 Solemya panamensis - 1 Dentalium rectius - 142 Tellina bodegensis - 1 Acteon punctocoelata - 1 Thyasira barbarensis - 3 Bittium catalinensis = 1 Yoldia scissurata = 13 Fusinus arnoldi = 2
Turbonilla sp. - l
Volvulella tenussima = 6 Polychaetes are very numerous and diversified, comprising no less than 40 species and many hundreds of individuals; Pectinaria, larger terebellids andother tubicolous kinds are particularly conspicuous. SUMMARY.=- It is estimated that the sample has about 60 species and 950 or more individuals.
V-4. Sta. 2727-54. In 398 feet. OPG took 1.76 cuft of green sticky mud. The screenings consisted of many ophiuroids, annelids and dead and living mollusk shells.
Echinoderms include:
Amphiacantha amphacantha - 25
Amphiodia (Amphispina) digitata - 107
Amphioplus hexacanthus - 5
Amphioplus strongyloplax - 5
holothuroids - a larger (90 mm long) and a smaller (35 mm long) tailed kind, perhaps Molpadia :
Crustaceans include various entomostracans, with; phoxocephalid amphipods:
Metaphoxus sp. A-19 Pontharpinia sp. E-13 Heterophoxus sp. A-12 Pontharpinia sp. J-l Phoxocephalus sp. A-3 Pontharpinia sp. Y-2
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120 Mollusks include:
Amygdalum pallidulum - 21 Tellina Dentalium rectius - 2 white bubble-shells Cadulus = 6 Acila castrensis Cuspidaria = 2 or more various other gastropods Leda and pelecypods Sipunculid Polychaetes include? Aglaophamus Nephtys ferruginea - 7 Ammotrypane Panthalis, in large tube Brada Pectinaria - 6 Ceratocephala Pholoe Chloeia Prionospio pinnata - 4 Glycera capitata Prionospio, nr. malmgreni Goniada ?brunnea - 1 larger Telepsavus sp. Laonice Sternaspis Lumbrineris bicirrata Sthenelais Lumbrineris cruzensis Tharyx maldanid Travisia Megalomma and others
SUMMARY.= The sample is characteristic of the shelf fauna; it is estimated to have 70 different kinds, with 800 or more individuals.
V-5. Sta. 5585-55. In 401 feet. OPG took 1.78 cuft of very fine sandy green mud. The screenings consisted of much biological debris, fragments of shells, tubes of animals and fragments of ophiuroids, also many tests of arenaceous foraminiferans.
Echinoderms include:
Amphiacantha amphacantha - 24 Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica - 85 Amphioplus strongyloplax - 7 Amphipholis squamata - 20 Amphipholis sp. - 1 juvenile Ophiocnida sp. = disk Brissopsis acifica - 1 larger holothurian, white - 2 juveniles Crustaceans include many amphipods, cumaceans and other entomostracans. Phoxocephalid amphipods include?
Heterophoxus sp. A=7 Pontharpinia sp. E-21 Metaphoxus sp. A-18 Pontharpinia sp. J- 4
Phoxocephalus sp. A-4 Mollusks include many smaller living gastropods and pelecypods, also some Dentalium and 3 small Aglaja Nemertean - 1 larger in tube of polyodontid (worm), and other smaller ones Polyeclad = 1 Polychaetes include: ampharetids of several kinds, some in tubes Brada capitellids - several small Chloeia pinnata cirratulids of several kinds - many Glycera, perhaps capitata Goniada - 2 Harmothoe lunulata var. Laonice = larger Leanira = 2
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eno selicws “eto bas. < (avrow) Bidmobey Tego eC iis: tie Pon Reciic
Sareven:
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Yawa, ey whist
121
Lumbrineris ?bifilaris
Lumbrineris, other species - several Nephtys ferruginea - 3 Owenia
Panthalis pacifica, in tube paraonids, including Aricidea - several Pectinaria californiensis - many Pherusa Phyllochaetopterus prolifica, tubes Pista, in tube Praxillella, perhaps gracilis, in sandy tube Prionospio, perhaps cirrifera Prionospio pinnata sabellid sigalionids Sphacrodorum minutum - 3 Spiophanes missionensis other spionids = many Sternaspis Terebellides Tharyx ?multifilis - 3 Travisia=- 1 juvenile and others SUMMARY.- This sample is characteristic of the shelf fauna; the number of species is estimated at about 70, that of individuals at 950.
V-6. Sta. 2726-54. In 420 feet. OPG took 2.77 cuft of green sticky mud. The screenings contained many ophiuroids, resembling those in V-5, a larger brissopsid urchin, many different kinds of polychaetes and some mollusks, including Dentalium rectius. The most conspicuous animals in the sample were Chloeia pinnata and Pectinaria californiensis. The sample was partly spoiled during processing.
V-7. Sta. 5164-55. In 480 feet. OPG took 2.83 cuft of black mud with odor of HoS. The screenings consisted of much detritus, broken tubes of Pectinaria, mollusks shells especially those of olive and other smaller kinds.
Echinoderms, with 4 small ophiuroids only, include:
Amphiodia (Amphispina) digitata - 3
Amphipholis squamata - 1
Crustaceans include3 caprellid amphipods - 5 phoxocephalid amphipod, Pontharpinia sp. B-l ostracods = 2 pinnixid crab - 2 Mollusks include: Dentalium rectius - 30 Yoldia scissurata - 27 larger
Solemya - 2 various other gastropods and pelecypods of smaller sizes
St a i air J CoOL 5 egua) when pt * al ‘ ¢ ey <e ay sins me N 7 C y Bt no “ge 2 id i } : | . | | | Paka sat ocuewas ctadal eit ote kai sonnet. 4 tian a RAT Sa dsl alauoiy for: to Na iol .
re bh baich Biss:
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122
a small hydroid stalk Nemerteans include a larger Cerebratulus and 10 smaller ones Polychaetes include: Amaea occidentalis Anaitides Ancistrosyllis rigida - 47 Aricidea, various kinds - 42 or more Brada - 1 larger and 1 smaller Capitella capitata - 14 Chloeia pinnata - 5 larger and 18 smaller Dorvillea articulata - 1 Glycera (more than one species)- 8 larger and 4 smaller goniadid - 3 larger Haploscoloplos elongatus - 2 Harmothoe lunulata var. - 2 Heteromastus filobranchus - 24 larger Laonice - 1 very large Lepidasthenia, commensal perhaps with onuphid - 2 larger Lumbrineris bifilaris - 1 Lumbrineris cruzensis - 19, some ovigerous Lumbrineris index- 1 Magelona, pouched - l maldanid - 2 Nephtys ferruginea - 4 Nino& - 1 Nothria pallida, in thick mud tubes - 8 Onuphis ?parvus, in mud tube - 1, ovigerous Pectinaria californiensis - 95 Pilargis maculata = 1 Prionospio ?cirrifera - 55, ovigerous, though small in size Prionospio spp. = 29 or more syllid =- 1 or more Tharyx - 4 or more SUMMARY.= This sample is estimated to have about 70 species and more than 1000 individuals.
V=-8. Sta. 3586-55. In 603 feet. OPG took 0.44 cuft of fine dark green sandy mud. The screenings consisted in part of many small black cemented nodules with attached arenaceous foraminiferans, many echinoderms, a large nemertean, echiuroid, and many other animals. Echinoderms include?
Brissopsis pacifica - 3 Spatangus californicus - 1
Amphiacantha amphacantha - 1 Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica - 48 Amphioplus strongyloplax - 3
Amphipholis squamata - 13 Crustaceans include?:
cumaceans, with at least 2 species - many ostracods, with at least 3 species, most brown - many amphipods, many with phoxocephalids:
Heterophoxus sp. A-5 Pontharpinia sp. E- 8 Metaphoxus sp. A- 7 Pontharpinia sp. J-2 Phoxocephalus sp. A-2
isopods - some Echiuroids include a large green, and a smaller green one. Nemerteans include: Cerebratulus - 1 large, ribbonlike smaller kind f EMCEE y
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tetlisdqvooxody: ad hy (Sant, ead pint gqedtiiod ° eg BL Bashoet ag Oe
123
Polychaetes include?
Ancistrosyllis paraonids of several kinds capitellids Pectinaria
Chloeia = 21 or more Pholoe
Cossura candida Prionospio pinnata Glycera sabellid
Goniada Spiophanes
Haploscoloplos Terebellides
Magelona large terebellid in silty tube Maldane Tharyx, perhaps multifilis _Nephtys and others
Onuphis
SUMMARY.- The largest animals are a nemertean, an echiuroid and echinoid echinoderms; the most numberous are various kinds of annelids.
V-9. Sta. 2789-54. In 564 feet. OPG took 1.7 cuft of sandy blue- gray mud, several larger stones and much shelly rubble in which many kinds of animals were buried.
Echinoderms include a brissopsid urchin and some ophiuroids.
Mollusks include 7 living Tellina, other kinds of pelecypods and some gastropods.
Polychaetes are numberous and diversified, with Chloeia, polyodontid, and Travisia the most conspicuous.
V-10. Sta. 2990-55. In 657 feet. OPG took 5.08 cuft of fine black mud. The screenings consisted almost entirely of various kinds of animals.
Echinoderms include:
Amphiopholis squamata =- 2 juveniles
Ophiothrix spiculata - an arm segment only
Ophiura lUtkeni - 1 juvenile Crustaceans include phoxocephalid amphipods:
Heterophoxus sp. A-2
Phoxocephalus sp. A=2
Pontharpinia sp. J-1 Mollusks include many smaller shelled gastropods and pelecypods, also
some scaphopods, Dentalium rectius. Nemerteans = some Polychaetes include:
Aglaophamus Pectinaria californiensis Anaitides Pholoe
Ancistrosyllis Prionospio spp.
Glycera Teleysavus 'spe''s
Laonice and. others:
Mesochaetopterus, large tube Nothria pallida, in thick mud tubes
SUMMARY.- The largest animal is Mesochaetopterus, the most conspicuous is Nothria pallida. The number of species is estimated at 50, that of individuals at 350.
Vell. Sta. 2191-52. In 750 feet. OPG took 2.7 cuft of fine sandy green mud. The screenings consisted of various kinds of animals, especially polychaetes, Chloeia, Mesochaetopterus, various spionids, cirratulids, maldanids and others. Mollusks were mouresentod by
_neleevnods. seanhonods and others.
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124
V-12. Sta, 2358-53. In 750 feet. OPG took 2.89 cuft of light colored clayey mud. The screenings contained many annelids, some ophiuroids, a larger holothurian, and other kinds.
(“V-13. Sta. 2149-52. In 775 feet. QPG took 2.7 cuft of mud. The screenings consisted of much diversified life. Echinoderm - 1 large echinoid Crustaceans include amphipods, ostracods, a copepod. phoxocephalid amphipods with Heterophoxus sp. A-1 Paraphoxus sp. A-1l
Phoxocephalus sp. A-1 Mollusks include?
Dentalium rectius - 2
Yoldia scissurata - 3
and few others Nemertean - 1 or more Echiuroid: Thalassema - 3 large Polychaetes include?
Anaitides maldanid, in thick mud tubes Ancistrosyllis Mesochaetopterus - 1 Chloeia pinnata - more than 60 Nothria ?pallida - 2 cirratulid Notomastus - many
Cossura candida- several Pectinaria californiensis - Dorvillea = 2 ‘several Glycera = 2 Pherusa spp. - several Goniada - 2 polynoid
Haploscoloplos elongatus=- 6 Terebellides
Lumbrineris index - 6 large other kinds
Lumbrineris, other spp. - several
SUMMARY.- The species are typical of moderate depths of Redondo Canyon.
V-14. Sta. 2361-53. In 942 feet. OPG took 1.44 cuft of fine green silty mud. The screenings contained many animals, with echiuroids, annelids and ophiuroids, having resemblance to those in adjacent samples.
V-15. Sta. 2148-52. In 996 feet. OPG took 2.8 cuft of mud. The screenings consisted of various kinds of animals. Echinoderm - an echinoid ; Echiuroid: Thalassema = 4 large, deep red in life, length to 140 mm, harboring a pinnotherid crab Nemertean - 1 large Polychaetes numerous and diversified, include:
Ancistrosyllis - several nereid
capitellids = many Pherusa spp. - several Chloeia pinnata - about 50 Prionospio spp. - several Lepidasthenia Travisia - l
Lumbrineris spp. - several many other kinds
Nephtys - several SUMMARY.- The fauna resembles that in adjacent parts of Redondo Canyon.
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125 V-16. Sta. 2724-54. In 1027 feet. OPG took 2.52 cuft of fine green sticky mud with a few very hard rocks. The screenings -consisted of about 16 liters of rubble, fine to coarse gravel and shelly fragments. The contained animals were numerous and diversified. Some siliceous sponge Echinoderms: a few ophiuroids Crustaceans with many amphipods. phoxocephalid amphipod: Heterophoxus sp. A-7 Echiuroid: deep green kind = 3 Polychaetes include;
Anaitides - several Maldane- many Ceratocephala c. americana - 1 onuphids - several Drilonereis - 1 or more polynoid - 1 or more
Glycera - 1 polyodontid Lumbrineris = several spionids - several
other kinds SUMMARY.- The sample is characterized by the presence of glass sponge, a green echiuroid, and Maldane.
V-17. Sta. 2790-54. In 1115 feet. OPG took 2.33 cuft of blue gray mud. The screenings consisted of many different kinds of animals. Echinoderms include a brissopsid and a surface urchin.
Crustaceans include some amphipods, cumaceans, an isopod, an ostracod,
and phoxocephalid amphipod, Harpinia sp. A-2
Echiuroid
Anemone
Polychaetes include: Aglaophamus = 2 Lumbrineris, other sp. - l Anaitides - 3 Maldane - many Chone - lL other maldanid = 1 cirratulid - 1 Nothria pallida, in thick mud Drilonereis - 1 tubes - many Goniada=- 1 Onuphis - 1 or more Harmothoe lunulata var. - l Pectinaria californiensis - many another harmothoid - 1 Prionospio pinnata - several Laonice - 1 Prionospio, other sp. - 2 Lumbrineris cruzensis - 1 terebellid = 1
and others SUMMARY.- The bottom is characterized by Nothria pallida and Pectinaria.
V-18. Sta. 2190-52. In 1140 feet. OPG took 3.02 cuft of fine silty mud. The screenings consisted of many kinds of animals. Echinoderms = an echinoid, and several holothuroids Echiuroid, Thalassema- 1 Nemerteans - several Mollusk with Chaetoderm - several Polychaetes include:
Aglaophamus - 1 or more Lumbrineris - several Anaitides = 1 Nephtys - several
Brada = 1 Nothria - 1
?Capitella - 1 Pectinaria californiensis - 12 other capitellids Pherusa - several
Chloeia pinnata = many Prionospio spp. - several Glycera - 1 large sabellid- 1
Goniada- 1 Scalibregma - 1
Harmothoe lunulata var. - 2, with other annelids
internal parasites SUMMARY.- The bottom is characterized by Chloeia, eee and Thalassema.
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126
V-19. Sta. 5166-55. In 1176 feet. OPG took 2.52 cuft of fine green mud. The screenings included many tests of foraminiferans, especially Goesella, many smaller mollusks, dead fragments of Dentalium, and various kinds of animals.
Crustaceans include phoxocephalid amphipods:
Paraphoxus sp. A-l
Pontharpinia sp. Q-1l Echiuroid, Thalassema = 2 larger Nemerteans include?
red-ribbon nemertean, Cerebratulus - 2 larger
another kind - 2 smaller Sipunculid = l Enteropneust - 2 anterior ends Polychaetes includes;
Anaitides Maldane - 4 Ancistrosyllis - 3 maldanid in sandy tube Brada Marphysa capitellid Melinna - 1 or more Cossura Nephtys - 3 small Euc lymene Nereis ?procera Glycinde - 2 larger very long nereid Goniada Pectinaria - more than 500 Haploscoloplos elongatus - 3 Pherusa Harmothoe lunulata var Scalibregma Leocrates - 2 Spiophanes - 3 Lumbrineris ?cruzensis and others
SUMMARY.- The largest animals are Thalassema, the most conspicuous
Pectinaria. The sample is estimated to have 40 species with more than 200 individuals.
V-20. Sta. 2189-52. In 1768 feet. OPG took 1.87 cuft of silty mud. The screenings consisted of many diversified animals. Echinoderms include ophiuroids and an urchin.
Crustaceans include:
ostracods with at least 3 species - more than 50
cumaceans = 5
phoxocephalid amphipod, Heterophoxus sp. A-11 Mollusks, identified by Dr. Mattox, include:
solenogasters Chaetoderma - 15, and Limifossor - 9
scaphopods, Cadulus tolmiei - 33, and Dentalium rectius - 3
gastropods, Balcis rutila - 6, and Bittium attenuatum - 1
pelecypods withé
Axionopsis sericatus - 12
Cardiomya pectinata - il Crenella columbiana = al Macoma incongrua = $25
Nuculana conceptionis -42 Nucalana spargana =- 8 Sphenia globula = 5 Tellina carpenteri - 61 Thyasira barbarensis - 1 Nemerteans = several Polychaetes include: ampharetid in mud tube - 2 or more other ampharetid in sandy tube - several Anaitides - 4 Brada = 5
7 ES eA
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127
Capitellid = 1 nephtyids - several Chloeia pinnata - about 90 onuphid
other cirratulids - several Pectinaria californiensis - 50 Cossura candida - 2 or more Glycera americana - 1 large Pherusa spp. - several another Glycera sp. - l Polydora - 1
Givednde =) 1 polynoid - several Goniada - 1 Prionospio ?cirrifera - 8 Haploscoloplos elongatus - 1 Prionospio pinnata - 8 maldanids = 10 or more sabellids - 2
Marphysa - 1 Scalibregma - 3 Myriochele gracilis - about 8 Streblosoma - fragment
and others SUMMARY.= The sample is characterized by its numerous mollusks, Chloeia and Pectinaria.
V=21. Sta. 5400-55. im 1593 feet. OPG took 2.35 cuft of oily green sticky mud. The screenings consisted of many arenaceous foraminiferans, a trace of siliceous sponge, and many kinds of other animals. Present, though perhaps not typical, was a long tapeworm, presumably dropped from a pelagic fish, 5 otoliths, and a serrated shark's tooth.
Echinoderms include? Brissopsis pacifica - 5 Amphioplus strongyloplax - 4
Crustaceans include:
an isopod
phoxocephalid amphipods: Harpinia sp. A-2 Mollusks include?
Chaetoderma - 2 smaller
Amphissa shells
other gastropods and pelecypods A small sea whip Echiuroid - 1 Nemertean - a larger ribbonlike species Tubicolous anemone - 2 2 Polychaetes include;
Aglaophamus Nephtys - small
Ancistrosyllis Nothria - many larger
Aricidea uschakovi Paraonis - 2 or more flabelligerid, in snail shell Pectinaria californiensis - Leocrates = 2 5 large Lumbrineris bicirrata - 1 very large Pilargis
Maldane Prionospio pinnata - 10 larger Melinna Tharyx - several
SUMMARY.= The sample is estimated to have about 30 species and 100 individuals.
V=22. Sta. 2796-54. In 15435 feet. OPG took 0.95 cuft of blue gray mud with much coarse to fine rubble, and many kinds of animals. Siliceous sponge with long spicules Echinoderm = 1 ophiuroid only Crustaceans include some amphipods and isopods.
Phoxocephalid amphipods with:
Harpinia sp. Bel Leptophoxus spe A-2
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128
Mollusks include? chaetoderm - several Cadulus = 14 or more gastropods and pelecypods of several kinds Burrowing anemone - 3 Echiuroid, Thalassema = 2 Polyclad = 1 Polychaetes include:
Ammotrypane Paraonis
ampharetid - 2 Pectinaria californiensis - 1 Lanice, in large tube Petaloproctus - 2 or more _.Lumbrineris cruzensis - 3 Pherusa - 2
Maldane = more than 50 polynoids of 2 kinds
Melinna = 2 Prionospio - 2
Myriochele gracilis Ssyllis
Nothria ?Thelepus in tube
Onuphis vexillaria =- 1 or more other kinds
SUMMARY.= The sample is characterized by Maldane and Thalassema.
V=-25. Sta. 5167-55. In 1680 feet. OPG took 1.95 cuft of green mud. The screenings consisted of many arenaceous and calcareous foraminiferans, also flocculent bits of algae and debris, and many different kinds of animals.
Echinoderm - 1 brissopsid only Crustaceans - 1 phoxocephalid amphipod only, Pontharpinia sp. Q Mollusks include;
Amphissa bicolor - 38 shells, many living
Chaetoderma = 2
scaphopods, 8 shells, most dead
various pelecypods and gastropods Nemerteans, red ribbonlike Cerebratulus - 2 large Sipunculid = 1 Polychaetes include?
Ancistrosyllis =- 3
Aricidea
Brada - 16, some ovigerous
?Dasybranchus = 5
onuphid, with tube, lacks head
Pectinaria californiensis - 1
Prionospio pinnata - 1 larger and 1 small
Scalibregma - 1 giant ovigerous, weighs 900 mg (wet weight)
Spiophanes SUMMARY.= The largest individuals are Scalibregma and Cerebratulus,
the most conspicuous are Brada and Amphissa. The number of species
is estimated at 30, that of individuals at 75.
V=24. Sta. 2151-52. In 1746 feet. OPG took 0.5 ecuft of mud. The screenings consisted of many kinds of animals. Siliceous sponge - some Echinoderms include 2 echinoids and many ophiuroids Crustaceans include 2 small spider crabs, a shrimp, a Scalpellum (barnacle) and a phoxocephalid amphipod, Heterophoxus sp. A. Mollusks include? gastropod, ?Nitidella sp. = about 30 boring pelecypod, Xylophaga sp. - many in water-logged wood
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129
Polychasetes include?
Acrocirrus ?crassifilis = about 15
Amphicteis
Anaitides
?Asclerocheilus - about 4
capitellid - 2
chaetopterid - 3 long tubes and fragments of animals Cirratulus, resembling cirratus
Cirratulis, another kind - 4
?Bumida . Buphrosine
Evarnella fragilis
Glycera tesselata - 3
?Hauchiella
?Hypoeulalia bilineata
Lagisca
Laonice
Lepidonotus - 2
Lumbrineris, more than 1 kind - 9
Nereis
Qnuphis
Pherusa =- 3
phyllodocid
Polydora, with 3 species - about 10
Protula, tubes fully attached to surfaces
syllid - 3
Terebellides
SUMMARY.= This bottom has a uniquely diversified fauna, characteristic
of moderate to deep parts of Redondo Canyon.
WV=25. Sta. 2150-52. Im 1820 feet. OPG took 1.58 cuft of mud. The screenings consisted of many reddish brown arenaceous foraminiferans, especially Valvulinidae, Goesella, and others, and small pieces of wood riddled by a boring mollusk. Echinoderm - Brissopsis pacifica - 1 Mollusks include?
Amphissa - 3
Acila- 1
scaphopods =- 2
?Macoma - 1
solenogasters - 6
Xylophaga, boring pelecypod, in wood Fragments of a sea pen with pendanted stipe Nemerteans - 5 or 4 larger Polychaetes include:
Amage, in silt covered tube
Aricidea
Brada, perhaps pilosa - 25 (largest measure 22 mm long)
Capitella - 1 female only es
Chloeia pinnata
Dorvillea articulata
Glycera, perhaps capitata - 1 minute
Heteromastus filobranchus
Leocrates = 2
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130
Nephtys - 8 ovigerous, length only 7 to 10 mm Ninoe
Pilargis, fragment polynoid - 1 minute
Prionospio pinnata - 2 sabellid, in silt covered tube Scalibregma - 5 smaller, to 10 mm long Terebellides SUMMARY.- The largest animals are nemerteans; none is conspicuous. The fauna resembles that in adjacent samples.
V-26. Sta. 2792-54. In 1850 feet. OPG took 2.77 cuft of blue gray mud. The screenings retained many foraminiferans and metazoan animals. Echinoderms - Brissopsis pacifica - 2 Crustacean = a phoxocephalis amphipods: Harpinia sp. B-1 Mollusks include white gastropods and perhaps a few others Polychaetes of diversified kinds, resembling those in adjacent samples.
V-27. Sta. 3168-55. In 1890 feet. OPG took 2.08 cuft of gray green mud. The screenings consisted almost entirely of foraminiferans and shell fragments weighing 56 grams, and a large living gastropod, Turcicula, which weighed 14.25 grams, In addition, the animals listed below.
A small sea whip Mollusks include?
Amphissa - 8 shells
solenogaster- 1
shells of caecids, gastropods and pelecypods, few in numbers
Turcicula bairdii - 1 large living Polychaetes include:
ampharetids- 14, and about 50 uniformly small tubes
Amphicteis scaphobranchiata - 1 larger
Brada
capitellid
Chloeia pinnata - 3 larger
?Chone, in sand=covered, cartilaginous tube - 3
Cossura candida
Lumbrineris = 1 small
Melinna - 4 larger
unknown orbiniid
Paraonid
Pista, in tubes attached to large shell
Polydora
Prionospio
Terebellides
Tharyx
serpulid, attached to shell SUMMARY.- This is a deep water fauna, characterized by the large snail,
ampharetids, and some other polychaete genera.
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131
V-28, Sta. 5174-55. In 2008 feet. OPG took 2.64 cuft of dark green silty mud. The screenings consisted of many foraminiferans and a few animals.
Echinoderms include Ophiomusium jolliensis-1l, and an Ophiomyxid - 1 dead shells of scaphopods
Sipunculids
Nemerteans - 2
Polychaetes include:
ampharetids - parts of 2 species
unknown orbiniid
deep-water Phyllochaetopterus, with tubes SUMMARY.- This approaches the Impoverished Fauna characteristic in
the subsill parts of San Pedro Basin.
V-29. Sta. 2562-55. In 2112 feet. OPG took 2.85 cuft of fine gray green mud. The screenings consisted of foraminiferan tests, an echiuroid and numerous smaller polychaetes.
V-350. Sta. 2725-54. In 2165 feet. OPG took 5.4 cuft of fine green sticky mud. Only a small sample failed to pass through the screens; this contained many foraminiferan tests and some metazoan animals.
A small ophiuroid Mollusks include:
solenogasters =- 1 large and several small
?Nitidella - several
another gastropod - several Echiuroid - 2 Sipunculid - several Enteropneust - 53, with 2 or more species Polychaetes include:
Amphicteis scaphobranchiata, in thick muddy tubes
Aricidea - 2
capitellid
several cirratulids
maldanids of 2 kinds
?Leocrates
Lumbrineris
unknown orbiniid - several
Paraonis - 3
unknown sabellid - 2
sigalionids - 4 or more SUMMARY.=- This bottom is characterized by the presence of an enterop-
neust and ampharetid annelids.
V-51. Sta. 3169-55. In 2280 feet. OPG took 1.95 cuft of green mud. The screenings consisted of foraminiferan tests and metazoan animals.
Echinoderm - Ophiomusium jolliensis - 1 larger
A small sea whip
A tiny nemertean
Mollusks with dead shells of Cyclopecten and a white gastropod Polychetes include:
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132
ampharetid, in muddy tubes = about 20 unknown capitellid cirratulid ?Melinnexis, in tube - 1, measured 50 cm long and weighs 30 grams unknown orbiniid protulid tubes, attached to that of ?Melinnexis sabellid, in tubes - 2 SUMMARY.- This sample is characteriiged by the large ophiuroid, and the ampharetid polychaetes.
V-32. Sta. 2474-55. In 2430 feet. OPG took 3.9 cuft of fine dark green mud. The screenings, a little less than a pint, included many calcareous and some arenaceous foraminiferan tests, large tubes of chaetopterids, and numerous smaller animals.
Echinoderm - a small urchin only, perhaps Allocentrotus fragilis Mollusks include a tiny, clay-covered bivalve, and 3 small solenogasters Sipunculids - 2 long, linear
Polychaetes include?
?Amage - 59, with tubes
Ancistrosyllis
unknown capitellid
Drilonereis
Lumbrineris
small maldanid fragment
unknown orbiniid
Paraonis - 2 long, slender
Potamethus elongatus - 1, in cylindrical tube 95 mm long
protulid, with tube fragments
Spiophanes, with tube
V-35. Sta. 3171-55. In 2550 feet. OPG took 2.45 cuft of green mud. The screenings measured less than a pint, consisted of many foraminiferan tests, some black, glassy stones, a small piece of wood, 2 fish otoliths, tubes of animals, and a few broken valves of Cyclopecten. Polychaetes include:
a large Pista, in thick mud tube
deep-water Phyllochaetopterus - with tubes and a few specimens
small bits of Protis pacifica
avery slender, perhaps juvenile cirratulid
V-354. Sta. 5175-55. In 2590 feet. OPG took 5.15 cuft of green mud. The screenings consisted of only foraminiferans and a few smaller animals.
Echinoderm - a larger ophiuroid, Ophiomyxidae A galatheid crab A sipunculid Polychaetes include: ampharetids
deep-water Phyllochaetopterus Spiophanes
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133
V-35. Sta. 2728-54, In 2670 feet. An unscreened and unfixed sample was examined after it was brought into the laboratory. Only Phyllochaetopterus could be identified. It is possible that lack of preservation on shipboard caused destruction of other animal contents.
V-54. Sta. 3170-55. In 2760 feet. OPG took 2.58 cuft of green mud. The screenings consisted of foraminiferan tests, a few dead valves of Cyclopecten and a few polychaetes.
Amage ?anops - 8 large, in thick mud tubes Phyllochaetopterus, deep water species - many tubes and 1 individual Protis tubes - none living.
V-37. Sta. 5173-55. In 2850 feet. OFPG took 3.08 cuft of green sticky mud. The screenings consisted of only foraminiferan tests, dead valves of Cyclopecten, and polychaetes:
Amage ?anops - 2, in thick mud tubes Protis tubes unknown orbiniid
SUMMARY of V-1 to 37. Redondo Canyon supports a unique fauna, characterized by many species which are sparse or absent in other parts of Santa Monica Bay. Most of its bottoms are soft or muddy.
In its moderate depths it supports a Thalassema association, which is replaced in its. deeper parts by an ampharetid, and finally by a
Phyllochaetopterus association.
VI-l. Sta. 2791-54. In 2567 feet. OPG took 3.08 cuft of fine blue gray mud. All materials passed through the screens but about a pint of foraminiferan tests and empty tubes of Phyllochaetopterus (deep-water species). ar a ie es ee
VI-2. Sta. 2620-54. In 2562 feet. OPG took 2.2 cuft of fine gray green mud. The screenings consisted of less than a pint of foraminiferan tests and empty tubes of Phyllochaetopterus (deep- water species).
VI=e3. Sta. 3019-55. In 2570 feet. The Campbell grab took 5.351 cuft of black rock fragments, some of which had dead tubes of fully attached serpulid; there were many siliceous sponge spicules and foraminiferan tests, in addition to animals listed.
Echinoderm with a tiny, juvenile seastar only Crustaceans with 1 amphipod and 5 calanoid copepods Mollusks include:
solenogasters = 5
Cadulus =- 3
‘a small white Macoma=-like clam - 3
Mittred Va =) 1) irae
fragments of Delectopecten shells
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134
Polychaetes include: Ancistrosyllis - 2 Aricidea Lumbrineris fragment Paraonis
SUMMARY.- This sample came from the sill between San Pedro and Santa Monica basins. Its diversified fauna may be the result of greater water exchange than in other parts of this zone.
VI-4. Sta. 2794-54. In 2672 feet. OPG took 3.4 cuft of blue gray mud. The screenings consisted of foraminiferan tests, some siliceous Sponge and fragments of tubes (Phyllochaetopterus and protulid).
VI-5. Sta. 2729-54. In 2721 feet. OPG took 5.4 cuft of fine green sticky mud. The screenings consisted of about a pint of foraminiferan shells, some siliceous sponge spicules and a few metazoan animals.
A calanoid copepod A small gastropod, perhaps Mitrella A small sipunculid Polychaetes include? Amage, nr. anops - 1 larger and 6 smaller, in thick mud tubes
Glycera branchiopoda Phyllochaetopterus, deep-water species - at least 9 and many tubes piophanes
VI-6. Sta. 3020-55. In 2670 feet. The Campbell grab took 4.45 cuft of green mud. The screenings consisted of many foraminiferan tests, empty tubes of Phyllochaetopterus, protulid tubes, broken valves of Cyclopecten, and a single large ampharetid, Amage, nr. anops, in a thick mud tube.
VI-7. Sta. 2965-54. In 2820 feet. The Campbell grab took 3.3 cuft of fine mud. The sediments had no living metazoan animals.
VI-8. Sta. 2970-54. In 2856 feet. The Campbell grab took 35.59 cuft of gray green mud. There were no living metazoan animals.
VI-9. Sta. 2971-54. In 2910 feet. The Campbell grab took only plankton with ctenophores; it failed to take a bottom sample.
VIelO. Sta. 3411-55. In 2922 feet. OPG came up with a full (mot measured) sample of fine mud. The screenings consisted of many dead (though not black) sticks of wood, foraminiferan and radiolarian
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135
tests, broken shells of Cyclopecten and empty tubes of Phyllochaetopterus and Protis. There were no living metazoan animals.
V-1ll. Sta. 3410-55. In 2928 feet. OPG was filled with fine dark mud and smaller nodules of reddish brown waxy masses which floated in water. The screenings consisted of dead and blackened tubes of
Phyllochaetopterus, Protis, and broken, dead shells of Cyclopecten.
There were no living metazoan animals.
VEel2. Sta. 3412-55. In 2928 feet. OPG was filled with fine mud. There were no living metazoan animals.
VF13. Sta. 2963-54. In 2993 feet. The Campbell grab took 5.74 cuft of fine mud. The screenings consisted of many small dead sticks
of wood, dead tubes of Phyllochaetopterus, serpulid, and Cyclopecten
shells. There were no living metazoan animals.
VE14. Sta. 2964-54. In 2993 feet. The Campbell grab took 5.74 cuft of fine mud. There were no living metazoan animals.
SUMMARY OF VI-l to 14.- The stations in Zone VI represent a large, subsill area in soft, muddy bottoms of Santa Monica Bay. There are only two or three species (Phyllochaetopterus, Protis, and Cyclopecten), in sparse numbers, in scattered areas. Two samples (VI-5 and V1-4) near the lower end of Redondo Canyon, have metazoan animals of more diversified kinds. Faunistically considered, the subsill area of Santa Monica Bay is a continuation of the impoverished or dead area present in San Pedro Basin.
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136
Chart showing decrease in numbers of species
with increasing depth
U37,
CHART SHOWING DECREASE IN NUMBERS OF SPECIES WITH INCREASING
DEPTH [in zones II and V (which are continuous) and VI]
Zone and Number of Volume of Depth in Nos. of species location Species sample in fathoms estimated per OpEeds cuft of sample
II-2 60 0.06 AZ 5 fs) 1000
II-3 90 0.10 USS) 900
II-4 50 0.25 14 200
II-7 65 0.63 on 104
V-1 45 sales 58 39
V-3 60 Laat 61 40
V-5 70 eS} 65 38
V-4 70 LAWS 66 38
V-7 70 2.83 80 25
V-8 45 0.44 100 100
V-10 50 3.08 A140) 61
v-19 40 2.52 196 16
V-21 30 2.55 220 16
V-23 30 1.95 280 15
V-25 26 0.50 310 52
V-27 26 2.77 315 )
V-28 tS) 2.64 325 3.4
V-31 12 1.95 380 6
V-32 5: 3.90 405 509
VI-7 to 14 3-0 Bos 26 470 to 5-0
5.74 490
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138
Chart showing
Bio-index Values in Zones I to VI
Tm
139
The bio-index (the ratio of the number of metazoan species to the number of individuals) is estimated
from detailed analyses of some stations in zones I to VI.
Zone Volume in Depth Bio-Index Percentage -and No. cuft. in ft. Value I NW-2 1.51 80 40/150 26.0 I NW-3 0.75 75 60/200 30.0 I NW-4 1.19 57 70/600 ~9.9 I NW-5 SB 100 30/150 20:0 I NW-7 2.68 114 50/400 12.5 I NW-8 2.00 146 75/500 (0) I NW-9 0.63 122 42/150 28.0 II-1 1.32 54 M1/150 aul II-3 0:10 75 90/500 18.0 II-4 0.25 92 50/350 14.0 II-6 2.83 132 33/275 1250 II-7 0.63 185 65/1000 625 V-1 iL ale 345 45/200 24.0 V-3 igiepl 366 60/950 6.5 V-4 1.76 398 50/600 6.3 V-5 1.78 401 70/950 7.5 V-7 2.85 480 70/1000 70 V-8 0.44 603 45/300 15.0 V-10 3.08 657 50/350 14.0 V-19 Boee 1176 40/200 20.0 v-21 2655 1393 30/100 35.0 V=-23 1.95 1680 30/75 40.0 V-25 0.50 1810 26/150 18.0 V-27 2ETY 1850 26/75 B86 V-28 2.64 2008 9/20 45.0 V-31 1.95 2280 12/31 40.0 V-32 3.90 2430 15/57 22.5 (ite 3.08 2567 1/trace 957 VI-3 3.40 2672 1 /several 95/° VI-4 5.31 2670 12/24 50.0 VI-5 3.40 2721 en “3365 VI-6 4.45 2670 4/4 1004 VI-7 Soe) 2820 0/0 1004 VI-8 to 14 3.59 to 2856 to 0/0 1004
5674 2995
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140
List of some species in Santa Monica Bay and more distant areas
with locations by zones
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141
LIST OF ECHINODERMS, WITH OCCURRENCE IN SANTA MONICA BAY AND MORE DISTANT AREAS
(All determinations and individual counts were made by Fred Ziesenhenne)
OPHIUROIDEA (brittle stars)
Amphiacantha amphacantha McClendon. I W-12 (1); I W-13 (2); I W-16 (6); I W-19 (1)g ET W=190e (7)s I Weel (3); 1it-9 WB) 8 eae Ie aay (45) 0 © III=11 (1); IV-1 (4); Iv-2 (6) V-1 (8)s V-4 (25)3 V-5 (24);
V=-9 (1)3 San Pedro and outer areas.
Amphichondrius granulosus Nielsen. V-1 (1).
Amphiodia (Amphispina) digitata (Nielsen). I W-4 (2); I W-10 (531); I W=12 (24) 3 I W-13 (37)3 I W-19e (59)3 I W=-21 (8); I W-22 (1); IT NW=-3 (11): I NW-7 (7)3 I SW=5 (2)3-I SW-6 (8)3 II=-2 (1)3 III-11 (47)3 IV=-1 (25)3 V-1 (39)3 V-4 (107); San Pedro and outer
areas.
Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica (Lyman). I W-2 (6); I W-6 (10); I W-7 (123); I W-9 (441): I W-1l (654): I W-12 (110)3 I W-16 (46); I W-19 (7); I W-20 (3)3 I W-21 (23); I NW-8 (118); I SW-8 (141); IT SW-9 (328): I SW-10 (44)3 III-8 (191); III-9 (4); III-10 (3); EV-1 (1): IV-2 (16): IV-8 (3)3 V=1 (5)3 V=4 (85)3 V=5 (85)3
V-9 (48)3 San Pedro and outer areas.
Amphiodia occidentalis Lyman. I W-6 (3); I W-17 (1); off Santa Barbara Island.
Amphiodia psara H.L.Clark. I W-13 (1) IV-1 (5 large)e Amphiodia "rugosa" A.H.Clark (MS name). I W-5 (4)3 IV=-1 (12).
Amphioplus hexacanthus H.L.Clark. I W-=6 GS) isae W-12 (4)5 I W-14 (1)s I W-16 (3)s 1 NW-8 (4)3 I SW-6 (1); I SW=8°(1)3; II-2 (23 Il=3 (2)3 Dl=4 (1)3 ILI-2 (2)3 Vel (3)3 V=4 (5)3 San Pedro and outer areaso
Amphioplus strongyloplax (H.L.Clark). I We7 (4)3 I W-19c (2)3 als W-21 (1); T SW-9 (1); i2i-u0 (2)3 IID=-11 (2); Ili-12 (ZO serena} (3) GB IV=1 (4)3 IVe2 (4)3 Vel (3)3 Ve4 (5)3 V=5 (7)3 V=9 (3)3 V-19 (4) 5 San Pedro areas.
Amphipholis pugetana Lyman. IW-17 (9); I W-21 (7)3 IV-1 (1); San Pedro and outer areas.
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Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje). I W-4 (1)3 1 W=-6'(5)3; I W 7 (61);
T W-9 (64)3 1 W-10 CUS7)ie Wane (505) 3 W-12 (63)3 I W-14 (1);
I W-16 (7)3 I W-17 (44)3 I W-19¢ (2)3 I NW-3 (Oi NW-8 (60);
I SW=-5 (20); I SW-6 (47); I SW-7 (15 juv.); I SW-8 (176) 3
I SW-9 (126); I SW-10 (3); II-2 (1); II-3 (2); ITI-8 (1);
ae ON Sie) = ON (G5) 3 Hetemal (YAS) e Vaeiiiteoes (aL )y Sy acanaecal’s) GOES
TV-1 (5); IV=2 (1); IV-5 (20) V-5 (6); V-9 (13); V-1O ( 2 juv.);
off Santa Cruz Island.
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Amphipholis sp. V-5 (1 juv.).
Amphiura arcystata H.L.Clark. I W-10 (2); I W-12 (1); I W-16 (2); I NW=8 (1); San Pedro areas.
Amphiura seminuda Llitken and Mortensen. I W-21(2); III-9 (1); off Santa Barbara Island.
Amphiuridae sp.? I W=17 (1 juv.).
Astrophiura marionae Ziesenhenne. San Pedro areas.
Ophiacantha diplasia H.L.Clark. I W-17 (3); San Pedro and outer areas. Ophiacantha phragma Ziesenhenne. San Pedro and outer areas. Ophiacantha quadrispina H.L.Clark. I W-17 (1).
Ophiacantha sp.? III-14 (6); Santa Cruz Basin.
Ophiactis simplex (Le Conte). Shore at Newport.
Ophiocnida californica Ziesenhenne. I W-13 (1).
Ophiocnida sp. V=5 (1-).
Ophiocynodus corynetes H.L.Clark. III=-16 (1); San Pedro and outer areas. Ophiomyxid. V=-29 (1); V=34 (1).
Ophiomusium joliiensis McClendon. V-29 (1); San Pedro area.
Ophionereis eurybrachiplax H.L.Clark. I W-17 (9 large); San Pedro and outer areas.
Ophiopholis bakeri McClendon. I W-13 (1); I W-17 (3); I W-22 (1); San Pedro and outer areas.
Ophiopholis longispina H.L.Clark. Catalina area. Ophiopsila californica A.H.Clark. I W-12 (1); I W-13 (1); I W-14 (1).
Ophiopteris papillosa (Lyman). San Pedro areas.
Ophiothrix spiculata Le Conte. I W=-10 (fragment); I W=12 (1); I SW-7 fragment); V-10 (1); I W-13b (24 )s I W-17bd (1)3 I W-19a (1); San Pedro and outer areas.
Ophiura leptoctenia H.L.CGlark. Catalina Basin.
Ophiura litkeni Lyman. I W=-10 (1)3 I W-12 (1)3 I W-l3a (1)3 I W-13b (24)3 I W-14a (£2); I W-17a (2): I W-16 (4); I W-17 (1)3 I W-19 (2); I W-21 (2); I NW-8 (1); I SW-6 (2)3 I SW-10 (5); II-2 (6)3 II=-3 (5)3 II-4 (11)3 IV=-1 (2)3 V-5 (1 juv.); San Pedro and outer areaso
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143 Ophiuroconis bispinosa Ziesenhenne., II-2 (5); II-3 (5).
ASTEROIDEA (Sea Stars) Asterina miniata (Brandt). San Pedro areas. Astropecten armatus Gray. I NW-5 (5). Astropecten californicus Bishan. I W-2 (1 medium large); I W-3 (2 moder- ately large); I W-4 (1)3 I W-6 (1); I w-9°(1 juv.)3 © W=1r (1); I W-12 (1 juv.)3 I W-13b (1 large); I W=14a (1 'juv.); near I W-18 (1 large); I W-21 (1); I NW-7 (1 large); I NW-9 (1 large); I SW-4 (1 large); I SW-5 (3); I SW-6 (2 juv. )3 San Pedro areas.
Luidia asthenosoma Fisher. II-3 (1); III-2 (5); III-16 (1 juv.); San Pedro area.
Luidia foliolata Grube. San Pedro and Catalina areas.
Luidia ludwigi Fisher. San Pedro area.
Henricia sp. San Pedro areas.
Mediaster aequalis (Stimpson). San Pedro areas.
Odontaster crassus Fisher. I W-17 (1 juv.).
Pisaster giganteus (Stimpson). I NW-4 (1 large).
Pisaster capitatus Stimpson. San Pedro area.
Sclerasterias heteropaes Fisher. IW-17 (5); San Pedro areas.
ECHINOIDEA (Surface or Epifaunal Sea Urchins) Allocentrotus fragilis (Jackson). Deep water in San Pedro and outer areas. Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz). Off Santa Barbara Island. Dendraster laevis H.L.Clark., San Pedro area.
Lytechinus anamesus H.L.Clark, I W-16 (1); I W-19 (1)3 I W-21 (1)3 I W-e2 (3)3 Iil-4 (2)3 San Pedro and outer areas.
Strongylocentrotus franciscanus (A. Agassiz). Intertidal rocky areas. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Stimpson. Intertidal rocky areas.
ECHINOIDEA (Burrowing or Infaunal Sea Urchins)
Brisaster townsendi (A. Agassiz). I W-19e (2); III-12 (1); III-13 (2)3 T1i-14 (2); IV-2 (2): IV-5 (2)3 San Pedro and outer areas.
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TII-14 (1)3 IV-5 (2)3 IV-8 (2 large);
Brissopsis pacifica iz). 3 V-19 (5)3; V=26 (2); San Pedro and outer
(A.
V-5 (1 large); V-9 APeAS »
Lovenia cordiformis A. Agassiz. II-3 (1).
Spatangus californicus H.L.Clark. I W-19 (1); V-9 (1).
HOLOTHUROIDEA (Sea Cucumbers) (most are not specifically identified) Leptosynapta ?inhaerens (Miller). I W-16 (1); I W-20 (1). Stichopus californicus (Stimpson). I W-20 (1 very large). brown papillated holothurian. I W-22 (1 juv.).
Other kinds. I W-13b; I W-14; I W-17a; I W-17b.
CRINOIDEA (Sea Lilies)
Florometra perplexa A.H.Clark. San Pedro area.
LIST OF AMPHIPODS, WITH OCCURRENCE IN SANTA MONICA BAY AND MORE DISTANT AREAS
(All determinations and individual counts were made by Dr. J. Laurens Barnard)
AMPHIPODA
Ampeliscidae- Ampelisca sp. I W-7 (1 or more); I SW-5 (several). Ampelisca cristata TI-2 (1).
Aorid. IIl-=2 (2. )) 6 Caprellids. II-2 (30).
Corophiidae. Corophium sp. II-2 (1). Erichthonius brasiliensis. HIS (B))o
Dexaminid. I SW=-8 (19 ovigerous)
Lysianissidae=- Aruga sp. I W-7 (2). Lepidepecreum spe I W-7 (1). Fovopricnsila Sewn Lawes
Oedocerotid. I W-13 I W-23; I W-3; I W-4; I W-5; I W-7 (9)3 I W-8; I SW-33 I SW=-4; I SW-5; I NW-4; II-2.
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145
Photid. Il-2 (25).
PHOXOCEPHALIDAE
Harpinia sp. A. Lil=9) (7))is iit=llO (3S); Lil-12) (2); Drr—1 (3); TIT=14 (3); IV-1 (7); IV-2 (6); V-17 (2); V-20 (2); San Pedro areas.
Harpinia spo Bo V=-22 (1); V=-31 (1); San Pedro areas. Harpinia sp. C. San Pedro areas. Harpinia sp. D. San Pedro areas. Harpinia sp. F. San Pedro areas.
Harpinia sp. G. San Pedro areas.
Heterophoxus sp. A. I W-7 (4)3 I W-9 (5)3 I W-10 (9)3 I W-11 (7); TewW=23) (1)3 ET W-17 (3)3 I W-20°' (2) I W-21 (4); I NW=8 (2)3 I SW-8 (2)3 I SW-10 (1)3 III-8 (4)3 III-10 (2)5 IITI- an (90) Tebow (2) ish eabielS 15) ige-litimt a, (2) ohVieda((4)) ss Vine C4) )er Veo er Vesn(7)s V9 (5)¢ Velo (2)p Vets Cl); velar V=-16 (7)3 V-20 (11)3 V-24 (1)3 San Pedro areas.
Leptophoxus sp. A. V=-22 (2)3 San Pedro areas.
Metaphoxus sp. A. I W-7 (4)3 I W-9 (19) 3" IT W-10 (20)3 fF Well (GIS) §
=12 (23)3 I Weel (6): I SW-8 (20): I NW-8 (4)3 II-2 (1)3 ©
ish on (oe nie (Oe Tver (9): Dies (Sis Vesey momen rs
V-9 (7); San Pedro areas. Paraphoxus sp. A. I W-18 (1)3 V=-13 (1); V-19 (aL) 6 Euexocopbalus | Spice We elaW=ecO (2s) TEL-1O) (23s ited (aly) aia ((5))) 8
3 V-4 (4)3 V-5 (1); V=9 (2)3 V-10 (2)$3 V-13 (1); ae Pedro areas.
Pontharpinia sp. B. I W=-12 (4); II-1l (S52) ic) p= 22S) is lemon (elie) is TII=1l (2)3 V-7 (1)3 San Pedro areas.
Pontharpinia sp. E. I W-5 (1); I W+9 (21); I W-10 (29) 5 I W-11 (44); Voom Loi TSW LOM (oe) eriimoe (5) 3 Pll) ((dlO)5 tik e(22)))s IV-1 (1)3 IV -2 (1)3 V-4 (21)3 V-9 (8); San Pedro areas. Pontharpinia sp. F. San Pedro area.
Pontharpinia sp. G. I W-6 (1)3 I SW-6 (1); I SW-8 (1)3 I NW-4 (1)3 T NW=8 (1): Il=3 (3); III-3 (14); San Pedro areas.
Pontharpinia sp. J. I W-7 (4); I W-9 (18); I W-1l (26); I W-12 (23); M—i~Weilome)s L W-19°(2)° © W-20 (14); © W-21 (8); I SW-8" (3); T SW-10 (2)3 I NW-4 (1)3 I NW-8 (6); III-11 (17); v-4 (4)s3
V-5 (1)3 V-9 (2)3 V=-10 (1)3; San Pedro area.
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Pontharpinia sp. K. II=-2 (1); II-3 (5)3; San Pedro area. Pontharpinia sp. L. San Pedro area.
Pontharpinia sp. M. II-1 (2); San Pedro areas. Pontharpinia sp. Ne. San Pedro area.
Pontharpinia sp. P. San Pedro area.
Ronbharpinia Sp. @. il—-2 (8); Tl-3 (9); TLE-3 (5); v-19 (1); V-2s (QE San Pedro area.
Pontharpinia sp. R. San Pedro areas. Pontharpinia sp. S. San Pedro areas. Pontharpinia sp. T. San Pedro areas. Pontharpinia sp. U. San Pedro areas. Pontharpinia sp. V. San Pedro areas.
Pontharpinia sp. Y. I W-10 (1); I W-13 (1); I W-20 (1); I W-21 (1); ini ale (GD) ie
Pleustid. iie2 (4 ) .
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147
LIST OF POLYCHAETA, WITH OCCURRENCE IN SANTA MONICA BAY AND MORE DISTANT AREAS (Individual counts are only partly given. San Pedro area numbers are
published in Hartman, 1955. Outer areas referto locations in Catalina, santa Cruz, or other basin systems of southern California. )
Acrocirrus ?crassifilis Moore. V=25 (about 15). Aglaophamus dicirris Hartman. I W-16; III-7.
Aglaophamus spp. I W-53; I W-8; III-9; V-1; V=-43; V-8; V=10; V-17; V=183; V=-213; V=-303; San Pedro and outer areas.
Amaea occidentalis Hartman. I W=-73 I SW=-73 II=-7; III-3 (5)3 III-11; San Pedro areas.
Amage ?anops var. Johnson. III-10 (2); V-25 (1); VI-5 (7); VI-6 (1); San Pedro areas in deeper water and outside areas.
Ammotrypane sp. I We7; I W-10b (1)3 I W-12 (3)3 II-7 (1); III-4 (1); aimee ISAS) Viasrn(ly ei aia) (Cl)is IVieeS (AN)is
Ampharete ?arctica Malmgren. I SW-13 I NW-3; II-3; San Pedro area
near 42 (2004), and other places.
Ampharete sp. I W-73; San Pedro area.
ampharetids, I W-123 I W=-173 I W-19c3 I SW=3 (3)3 I SW-4; I SW-8; I NW=4 (9)3 Il-23; IIl-7; III-43; IlI-63 III=-11; III-16 (many);
IV-2 (5)3 IV-3 (many); IV-73; IV=93 V=5 (some); V=1l1 (2 or more); V-233; San Pedro and outer areas, in moderate to deep soft bottoms.
Amphicteis scaphobranchiata Moore. I W=-5; I NW-4; III-2; V-16; San Pedro and outer areas.
Amphicteis spp. III-3 (1); V-18( )3; San Pedro area.
amphinomid. San Pedro area.
Amphisamytha bioculata (Moore). San Pedro area at 164.
Anaitides spp. I W=-8; I W-163 I W-173; I SW=3 (15)3; I SW-53; I SW-6; I NW-4 (14)3 I NW=83 II-23 II=3 (3)3 III=-3 (7); III-9; III-10; TII-113 IV+23 V=-23 V=43 V=103 V-11; V=14; V-17 (3)3 V-193; V=183 V=3503 San Pedro and outer areas.
Ancistrosyllis bassi Hartman. San Pedro in shallow areas.
Ancistrosyllis rigida Fauvel. I W-2 (1); I W-12a (1); San Pedro area.
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148 Ancistrosyllis spp. I W=-2; I W-5; I We7; I W-12a (1); I SW-3 (1);
I SW-6 (2); I SW-8 (8); I SW-9; I NW-3; I NW-4; I NW-5; I NW-7 (Game); mb=6(26)); Ti=9) (1) 4 bmea) (2); TLi-7 (2) tenenion ie TIT=153 LiT=16 (1)3;"IV=73 IV=<8 (1)3 V=-4; V=-103; V=-15 (1)3 V=-19 (3);
V-213; V-23 (3); VI-4 (2); San Pedro and outer areas.
Anotomastus gordiodes (Moore). San Pedro areas.
armifera Moore. II-3 (1)3 between I W-14 and I W-15 (1); San Pedro area.
Aphrodita parva Moore. San Pedro area.
Aphrodita spp. I W-13a (1); between I W-11 and I W-15 (1); II-2 (1); IIIT-3 (1); San Pedro and outer areas.
Arabella sp. I SW-3 (6); I NW-4 (2); III-1 (1); San Pedro area. arabellid, parasitic. I W-l4a; I SW-1; San Pedro area.
arabellid, unknown. III-2; San Pedro areas.
Arctonoe ?vittata (Grube). near I W-18 (commensal with Astropecten) Aricidea ramosa (Annenkova). Catalina Basin.
Aricidea nr.suecica Wesenberg-Lund. I SW-3 (404); I NW-3; II-1 (many) ; III-1 (7): San Pedro and outer areas.
Aricidea uschakovi Annenkova. I NW-3; IV-8 (2); V-21 (1); San Pedro and outer areas.
Aricidea spp. I W=2 (several); I W=6; I W-7; I W-8 (2); I W- I W-17; I W-193; I W-19c3; I SW-1 (504); if SWa2ie0 SW-3 (4 mh SW—4 (5)'s 2 SW-6 (many); I SW-8 (several); I NW-1 (man I NW-4 (7)3 I NW-7 (several); I NW-8; II-1 (23)3 Teer (CAL II=-8 (many); III=-3 (Hj) 8 Wako (3) nee WR ACIS ALICE ILO) TIT-11 (104); III=-16; V-25; V-233; VI-4; common in San Pe outer areas.
; a )3 o and Armandia spp. I W-1; I W-17 (4); I SW-2; II-2 (2); II-3 (2)3 II-7 (1);
V-2: San Pedro and outer areas.
Artacamella hancocki Hartman. I W-12a (1); I W-12b (1); I W-17a; Iile43; San Pedro area.
Ascleirocheilus sp. V=-24 (4).
Asychis spp. I W=e8 (1); I NW-5 (1); I NW-8 (1); IIT=6 (1); San Pedro ASsyenis and outer areas.
Autolytus spp. nr. I W-14 (1); San Pedro and outer areas. Axiothella sp. San Pedro area.
Boccardia spp. San Pedro and outer areas.
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149
Brada ?pilosa Moore. V-25 (25). dai
Brada spp. I W-4; I W-73; I W-12d; I SW-6; I SW-8 (5); I NW-3 (6); TI-6 (6); II-7 (4)3 III-11; III=-15; IV-3; V-1; V-4; V-10; V-11 (5); V-183; V-19; V-23 (16); San Pedro and outer areas.
Capitella capitata. I SW-3 (604); II-6 (56); San Pedro area nr 42. he a ee ; Capitella ovincola Hartman. San Pedro area in Loligo egg cases.
Capitella spp. V-2; V-4; V-18; V-25; San Pedro area.
unknown capitellids. I W-2; I W-7; I W-12; I W-17 (5); I W-19; I W-19c; I W-19b; I SW-2; I SW-3 (8); I SW=6 (many); I SW-8 (11); I SW-9; I NW-23 I NW-4 (13); I NW-5; II-2; II-3; II-6; II-7; ie-Smi(many is) lil=o (LO) LID-9; ILLT=103 Tins) Pit V6s ives V-23 V-53; V-7 (many); V-11; V-15 (many); V-16; V-18; V-19; San Pedro and outer areas.
Carazzia sp. San Pedro areae Caulleriella sp. I W-43; III-1 (10¢); IV-2; San Pedro area.
Ceratocephala crosslandi americana Hartman. I W-8 (2); I W-12c; I W-16; I SW-8; I NW-83; II-7; III-4; IIlI-7; IV-2; V-4; V-14; San Pedro and outer areas.
Ceratonereis spe San Pedro and outer areas.
Chaetopterus variopedatus Renier. very abundant at Whites Point in parts of San Pedro area; sparse in Santa Monica area.
Chaetozone corona Berkeley and Berkeley. I W-12; I SW-35; I NW-4; San Pedro and outer areas.
Chaetozone spp. I W-33; I W-4; I W-7; I W-14a; I SW-4 (many); I SW-5; IT SW-6; I SW-8; I NW-3; I NW-5; ?II-3 (6); San Pedro and outer areas.
Chloeia pinnata Moore. I W-7; I W-8 (9); I W-103; I W-10b (many juv.); I W-12 (18 juv.); I W-12c (many juv.); I W-14; I W-17a (many juve); I W-17b (few); I W-19 (juv.); I W-19c¢ (3 adult and 30 juv.); I W-20 (many juv.); I SW-5; I SW-6 (38 juv.); I SW-8 (444); I SW-9;°1 NW-8 (7 juv.); DI-6 (1); II-7 (1504); I1I-3 (3); TII-4 (40f juv.)3; IlI=-5 (many juv.); III-6 (1 adult and 21 juv.); Try (Sa Joys) s mrss (a) 8 ae (El eile) S mmol (87) 5 IV-2 (10); IV-33 IV-5; V-4; V-5; V-6 (604 adult); V-9 (several); V-11 (904); V-15 (504); V=18 (many); V-25 (1); v-27 (several); San Pedro and outer areas.
Chone ecaudata Moore. San Pedro area at 69 (200f). Chone ?mollis (Bush). I W-12 (7 I W-12c ( 1 very large); I W-13
)3 (l large); II-3 (1); III-6 (3); Iv-8 (1 large); ?V-2; San Pedro and outer areas.
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150
I NW-3; I NW-4 (7); II-1 (4);
Chone sppe I W-17 (1); I SW-8 (1); (1); V-30; San Pedro and outer areas.
Dl=5 (1); ILr-16 (aD) = e7; Cirratulus ?cirratus (Mtller). V-18 (1); San Pedro areas.
Cirratulus spe I W-17 (2); San Pedro areas.
cirratulids. I W-2 (many); I W-8 (many); I W-22; I SW-1 (hundreds); I SW-3 (many); I SW-6 (many); I SW-8; I SW-9; I NW-3; I NW-9; II-8; III-2; III-4; III-6 (about 10); III-8 (many); III-10; III-11 (many); III-16; IV-9; V-5 (many); V-6; V-11; V-16; V-350; San Pedro and outer areas.
Cirriformia spp. San Pedro areas; scrapings from hull of Velero IV.
Cistenides sp. I NW-4.
Cossura candida Hartman. I W-4; I W-5; I W-7; I W-8 (some ovigerous); I W-14; I W-19c; I SW-6; I SW-8 (about 20); I SW-9; I NW-3; I NW-7; I NW-9; II-6 (4); II-7 (4); II-8 (several); III-3 (3); III-4 (3); III-7; III-8; III-11; V-6; V-11; V-19; San Pedro
and outer areas. Dasybranchus sp. V-23(5); San Pedro areas. Dexiospira sp. rocky areas of Santa Monica and San Pedro shallow areas.
Diopatra ornata Moore. I W-2 (1 large); I SW-1 (12 large); I SW-3 (3 large and 6 small); I NW-2 (many large); I NW-4 (28/4 large); II-2 (1 juvenile); San Pedro areas.
Diopatra tridentata Hartman. IW-7; I NW-7 (1 larger); II-2 (1); Tll=4 (1); San Pedro and outer areas.
Diopatra sp. II-7; San Pedro areas. disomid. San Pedro area. Dodecaceria sp. San Pedro area at 256.
Dorvillea articulata Hartman. I SW-3; V-25; San Pedro area nr 42 7004) and other places.
Dorvillea gracilis Hartman. I W-1 (many); I NW-4 (134, some mature); San Pedro areas.
Dorvillea sp. V=-6 (2); San Pedro and outer areas.
Drilonereis spp. (includes both D. falcata Moore and D. nuda Moore, ~ or also other species). I W-2 (1); I W-5; I W-7; I W-12; I W-12c (3)3; I W-16; I W-17 (3); I W-17a; I W-19c; I SW-6 (2); I SW-7; I Sw-8; I SW-93 I NW-3 (2)3 I NW-4; I NW-8 (2)3 I NW-9;.II-2; E63 LEPl-2; \TLP-35 (9); Lll=-43 PIlI-S8; Ili-1l; IV-2)(5)3 IV-7;3 V-143; V-173; V-303; San Pedro and outer areas.
Ehlersia heterochaeta Moore. San Pedro area.
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Eteone californica Hartman. San Pedro area. Eteone sppe I W-13b (1); San Pedro areas.
Euchone spe I1-W-12; II-9; San Pedro areas.
*Euclymene sp. I W-6 (many); I SW-5; I SW-7 (12 or more); I NW-3; I NW-4 (4); I NW-9 (some); II-2 (8); III-2; III-3 (204); Iv-2;
IV-7; V-19; San Pedro and outer areas. Euclymenini. V=-16; San Pedro areas. Eulalia spp. I NW-4; I W-12a; San Pedro areas.
Eumida ?sanguinea Oersted. I SW-2; II-3 (2); II-7; San Pedro nr. 42 Crs and other areas.
Eumida spp. I W-2; I W-3; I W-4; I W-8; I SW-3; I SW-5; I SW-6; SW-8; I NW-4 (7); II-2; II-7; V-18; San Pedro and outer areas.
Eunice americana Hartman. San Pedro area at 159.
Eunice aphroditois (Pallas). San Pedro area at 161.
Eunice spp. I W-10; I W-17 (2); I SW-8; II-7; San Pedro areas. Euphrosine sp. I W-18; V-18 (1); San Pedro areas.
Evarnella fragilis (Moore). V-18.
Exogone spp. I SW-5; I NW-4 (26); III-3; San Pedro and outer areas. Exogoninae. I W-2; II-3 (2); III-1; San Pedro and outer areas. Fabricia sp. I W-16; San Pedro areas.
Flabelligera commensalis Moore. Commensal with Strongylocentrotus purpuratus in shallow areas of Santa Monica and San Pedro areas.
flabelligerids (nestling in dead shells of Cadulus). I W-7; I W-19c; III-10; III=-16; IV-2; San Pedro area.
flabelligerid. San Pedro area at 173 (20).
tGenetyllis sp. II-3 (2).
Glycera americana Leidy. I W-2; I W-4 (1 large); I W-5 (1 large); I W-6 (1 large); I W-7 (1 large); I W-8 (2 smaller); I W-12 (2 smaller); I W-12c (large parasitized by nematodes); I SW-1 (1 large and 1 small); I SW-6 ( 1 large); I SW-8 (1 giant); I W-13a (1 large); I NW-4 (1)3 III-4 (1 large); IV-2 (1); Iv-2 (1); V-11 (1 large); San Pedro and outer areas. ,
Glycera branchiopoda Moore. VI-5; VI-6; San Pedro and outer areas.
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8 (i I 12c (3); I W-16 (several); W-19c (4); I NW-4; I ee ?II-7 (14); I-6 (5); IV-2 (2)3 V- 4 (2); ?V-53
Glycera capitata Oersted. I W- I SW=-8 Gee )3 I W-14a3 I ?LIIT-3 Dey sl 4.5 (CO) seat ?V=-25 a erent
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Glycera robusta Ehlers. I W-10b (1 large).
Glycera tesselata Grube. V-18 (3); San Pedro and outer areas.
Glycera spp. I W-1; I W-7; I W-17; I W-19; I W-22; I SW-2; I SW-4 (7); I SW-6 (204); I SW-7; I SW-9; I NW-5; I NW-7; II-3 (3); Mims CA): Liisa Sis, Lic ((5)i¢) LLWSOls siebi— Oj ean tel lelena(oliep ne V-6 (2); V=10; V-11; V-14; V-18; San Pedro and outer areas.
Glycinde spp. III-8 (2); IV-7; V-11; V-19 (2); San Pedro and outer areas.
Goniada littorea Hartman. JIII-1 (12 mature).
Goniada brunnea Treadwell. V-=-4.
Goniada spp. I W-23; I W-3; I W-7; I W-8 (3); I W-16; I W-17 (5); ~— 1. W-19; I SW-2; I SW-3 (5); I SW-7; I SW-8 (5)3 I SW-9; I NW-3 (17); I NW-7; I NW-8 (4); I NW-9; II-2 (4); II-3 (6); Many is web G) Ce)s Ll l—'7 ou: TII-10 (5 large); III-11 (4); g alll
( g IvV-2 (2); IV-7; IV-9; V-5 (2); V-6 (2)3 V-8; V-
San Pedro and outer areas.
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goniadid, I W-13b; I W-14a; San Pedro areas. Halosydna latior Chamberlin. San Pedro area at 45. Halosydna spp. I SW-3; San Pedro and outer areas.
Haploscoloplos elongatus (Johnson). I W-2; I W-8 (2); I W-10b; I W-16; T SW-1 (35); 1 SW-2; I SW-3 (7); I SW-4 (12); I SW-8 (1 104); I NW-2 (many); I NW-3 (134)3 i INW=8.(6) 3) Bi-d Gl ojuve)y Er=sn(ons
II-6; I1l-7 ye leh (S))) sepa G8 (/2)) is eli 4: (ZA) aeiciets} ((24)) 5 Tips (5)3 V-13; V-6 (6)3 V-11; V-19 (3); San Pedro and outer areas.
Haploscoloplos sp. I W-3; I W-4; I W-5; I W-7; I SW-9; I NW-4 (9); V=-103; San Pedro areas.
Harmothoe hirsuta Johnson. San Pedro areas, rocky areas. Harmothoe lunulata var. I W-2; I W-7; I W-163; I W-19c (5); I W-20; T SW-9; 1 NW-4 (4); I NW-9; II-6 (8); II-7 (10); II-1; III-3;
Tica (CLO) Pe acca (ye acs y/ (4); III-8; IV-2 (2)3 V- SB V=-8 (2 with internal parasites); V-17; V-303 San Pedro and outer areaSe
Harmothoe triannulata Moore. San Pedro area at 69.
Harmothoe spp. I W-8; I W-14; I SW-6; I SW-8; I NW-8; III-10 (in ARbAG )) F Iil=-113; San Pedro and outer areas.
harmothoid. V-30; San Pedro area at 126.
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153
?Hauchiella sp. V-=-18.
Hemipodus sp. II-2.
hesionids. I SW=4; San Pedro areas.
Hesperalia, II-2; II-3 (4); San Pedro areas.
Heteromastus filobranchus Berkeley and Berkeley. II-3; V-25.
Hyalinoecia juvenalis Moore. I NW-8 (2); I W-12c; I W-lea; I W-14a (3); San Pedro and outer areas.
Hydroides norvegica (Gunnerus). scrapings of hull of Velero IV. Hydroides sp. San Pedro area at 212 and 249.
Hypoeulalia ?bilineata (Johnston). V-18; San Pedro area at 164. Hypoeulalia sp. I W-1l (many).
Hypsicomus sp. I W-15a (many burrowing in shaley rocks). Isocirrus longiceps (Moore). I W-12c; I W-13b; I W-14a; I W-17a. ?Isolda sp. San Pedro area at 46 and 89.
Labidognathus sp. San Pedro area at 82. (internal parasite). Lagisca sp. V=18; San Pedro areas.
Lanice sp. I-12a (several); I W-17a; I W-22; V-23; San Pedro and outer areas.
Laonice cirrata (Sars). San Pedro and perhaps Santa Monica areas. Laonice sppe I W-23; I W-3; I W=-43 I W-7 (3 large); I W-14a; I W-17 (3); I W-19; I SW-93 I NW-4; I NW-5; II-2 (2); II-3; II-6 (2)3 II-7;
III-1; III-93 III-103; III=11; IV-2 (2); V-1; V-4; V-5; V-19 (3); V-233 V-3503 San Pedro and outer arease
Leanira spp. III=-6; V=-5 (2)3 San Pedro and outer areas.
?Leiochrides sp. III-6.
Leocrates sp. I W=-2; I W-7; I W-8; I W-18 (6); I SW-3 (3); I SW-6 (2); I SW-8 (2); I NW-33 I NW-4; II-33; II-63 II-7 (2); III-4; V-16; V-19 (2)3 V-21 (2)3 V-25 (2)3 San Pedro areas.
Lepidasthenia virens Johnson. San Pedro areas.
Lepidasthenia spp. I W=17 (2)3 I NW-5; II-8; III-2; III-3; III-11; V=43; V-153; San Pedro areas.
Lepidonotus sp. I W-12c; I W-17 (3); V-18 (2); San Pedro areas.
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154 Loandalia fauveli Berkeley and Berkeley. San Pedro area at 108.
Longosoma catalinensis Hartman. Vicinity of Santa Catalina and San Clemente islands.
Lumbrineris bicirrata (Treadwell). I W-8 (1); I W-l2a; I W-12c; I W-19c; -7 (3)3 V=4; V-21 (1 very large, ?giant); San Pedro and outer areas. Lumbrineris bifilaris Moore. III-4 (2); ?V-5; San Pedro areas.
Lumbrineris californiensis Hartman. III-4; III-6; San Pedro and outer
Areas.
Lumbrineris cruzensis Hartman. I W-10b (many); I W-12c (12); I W-17a;
~ . W-19c; 1 SW-3 (26); I SW-6 (many); I SW-9; II-2 (17); II-3 (12); III-2; III-3 (24); IIlI-6 (35); III-8; III-10; IV-2; V-4;
V-173; V-233; V-30; San Pedro and outer areas.
Lumbrineris erecta Moore. San Pedro area; scrapings from hull of the VELERO IV.
Lumbrineris index Moore. V-6 (6 large); San Pedro and outer areas. Lumbrineris japonica (Marenzeller). San Pedro and outer areas. Lumbrineris latreilli Audouin and Edwards. I W-12c (1). Lumbrineris limicola Hartman. I NW-3 (1).
Lumbrineris minima Hartman. San Pedro and outer areas.
I W-6; I W-7; I W-9; I W-123
Lumbrineris spp. I We2; I W-3; I W-4; I SW-3; I SW-6; I SW-7; I SW-8; ili
I W-14; I W-173 I SWel; I SW-23
I NW-13; I NW-43 I NW=-53 I NW-73 NW=8 (67 or more); II-1;3 II-3 II-7 (more than 100); III-1 (25); III-2; III-4; III-7; III-11; IV-7; IV-83 V=13; V-2; V-53 V-73 V-153; V-16; V-17; V-3503; VI-4; San Pedro and outer areas.
Magelona pacifica Monro. I W-8; I SW-7; I1I-6; outer areas.
Magelona, pouched. I SW-3 (20 or more); I SW-4 (18); II-2 (15); WSS) (AUS}) Bo Wea
Magelona spp. I W-2; I W-4; I W-5; I W-7; I W-9; I W-10; I W-12a; I W-13b; I W-14; I W-17; I W-17a; I W-22; I SW-2; I SW-65 I SW-8; I SW-9; I NW-3 (10); III-1 (8)3 III-2; III-3; III-4; III-7; IV-23; San Pedro and outer areas.
Maldane spp. I W-19c3 I SW-8; I NW-8; III-3; III-4; III-6; I1I1I-7; TiI-1l; IlI-12; IV-2; IV-8 (about 15): V-14 (many ) 3 V-163 V-173 V-203 V-23 (more than 50); V=30 (many); San Pedro and outer areas.
Maldanella robusta Moore. San Pedro areas.
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155
maldanids of different kinds. I W-23 I W-3; I W-4; I W-5; I W-"7; I W-8; I W-12; I W-14; I W-19; I SW-6 (many); I SW-8; I SW-9; I NW-5; I NW-7 (many); II-3 (7 or more); II-8; III-4; III-7; ITI-83; III-10; III-11; IV-3; IV-5; IV-6; V-1; V-4; V-63; V-10; V-11 (10 or more); V=193; V-23; V-30; San Pedro and outer areas.
Marphysa mortenseni Monro. II-1; outer areas.
Marphysa, resembles conferta Moore. I W-5 (3); I W-6; I W-7 (4); I W-8; I SW-8 (4)3 I NW-7; I NW-8, II-7 (8)3 I San Pedro and outer areas.
Marphysa sp. V=-19; San Pedro area.
Megalomma spp. I W=+73; I W-l2d; III-2; III-3; III-6; III-8; vV-4; San Pedro and outer areas.
Melinna sp. I W-19c I SW-7; I NW-4; I NW-73 III-2; III-3; III-11;3 IiI-123 IV=-3; V-193 V=-203 V=233 San Pedro and outer areas.
Mesochaetopterus sp. IJIII-10; III=-11; III-12; V-6; V-10; V-11; San Pedro and outer areas.
Myriochele gracilis Hartman, I W-123; I W-13b; I W-17a; II-7; III-6; Iffel1l3; Ili=-153; IV-2; V-11; V=-23; San Pedro and outer areas.
Myxicola sp. III-6; San Pedro and outer areas.
Nephtys caecoides Hartman. I We2; I W-33; I SW-1; I SW-2; I NW-8; IIl-2; III=-13 III-2; San Pedro and outer areas.
Nephtys californiensis Hartman. I W-1 (15); II-7; San Pedro and outer areas.
Nephtys ferruginea Hartman. I W-6; I W-73; I W=19c3 I SW=-3; I SW-6;3 t SW-83 I SW=9: II-3; II+6; IV-23 V-1; V-4; V-53; San Pedro and outer areas.
Nephtys spp. I W-3; I W-43 I W-5; I W-73; I W-83 I W-12; I W-12a; I W+143; I W-163 I SW=33 I SW=-5; I SW-8;I SW-93; I NW-43 I NW-8; ILS 8 IY RB ISSR ILI" IITIL Oh IGILIGS} 3) IEICE B ICIE bala Wot} 8 V=-153; V-19; V=-203; V=-253; San Pedro and outer areas.
Nereis procera Ehlers. I W-23 I W-43; I W-5; I W-7; I -W-8; I SW-1 70 or more)3 I SW=-2; I SW-3 (36 or more); I SW-6 (15); I SW-7; I SW-83; I NW-3 (28 or more); I NW-4 (37); I NW-5;3 I NW=-73: I NW-8; Il-23 [1-33 Ii-63 II-7; III-8; V-2; V=-19; San Pedro areas
Nereis sppo I We33; I W173; III=-13 IIlI=-23 V-18; San Pedro and outer areas.
nereids. I W-223 IIT=-1ll3; V-73; V=-153; V=-193 San Pedro and outer areas.
?Nerine sp. I SW-6; III-3; IIlI-4; III-7; San Pedro and outer areas.
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156 Nino&’ spe I W-7; I W-8; I SW-6; I SW-8; II-7; II-8; III-7; V-25; ~ San Pedro and ousoR areas. Nothria conchylega (Sars). I W-193; San Pedro and outer areas. Nothria elegans (Johnson). I W-2 (10 or more); I W-3; I W-4; I W-12a; I W-14; I SW-1 (6 or more); I SW-2 (many); I SW-3 (35 or more); I NW-1 (many); I NW-3; II-3; III-1 (5); III-3 (6); III-6; V-2; San Pedro and outer areas. Nothria geophiliformis Moore. San Pedro and outer areas. Nothria iridescens (Johnson). San Pedro and outer areas.
Nothria pallida Moore, JiI-10; V-10; V-=173 San Pedro and outer areas.
Hohite spp. i W=6y Ii]-@; IIlIe@3; IiI-11; IV=3} V-63 V-63 V=20) Vedi} edre and outer areas.
Notemastus hemipodus Hartman, San Pedro areas. Notomastus lobatus Hartman, I Wel4a; San Pedro areas. Notomastus magnus Hartman. III-3; San Pedro areas. Notomastus tenuis Chamberlin. San Pedro and outer areas. Notomastus spp. V=-6; San Pedro and outer areas. Notoproctus sp. I W-17 (3); San Pedro areas. Odontosyllis spp. San Pedro and areas. Oncoscolex sp. San Pedro and outer areas. Onuphis eremita Audouin and Edwards. II-2; San Pedro and outer areas. Onuphis nebulosa Moore. I W-73; I W-8; I W-10; I W-12; I uae (many) 3 Steen TW-1l and I W-15; I W-13; I W-13b (many); I I W-l4ea; I W-16; I W-17a3 I SW-6; II-2 (many); II-3. teas III-3; San Pedro and outer areas. Onuphis parva Moore. III-10 (30); San Pedro and outer areas. Onuphis vexillaria Moore. IV-7; IV-8; V-23; San Pedro and outer arease
Onuphis spp. III-6; IV-2 (about 20); V=-2; V-17; V-18; V-19; San Pedro and outer areas.
enuphids. I We22; I SW-103; I NW-83 II-3; III-5; IV<-3; IV-6; V=-l}; VelO; Vell; V-14; V=-23; San Pedro and outer areas.
Ophelia sp. San Pedro and outer areas. orbiniid, new genus and species. III-16; IV-10; V-16; San Pedro areas.
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Qwenia fusiformis collaris Hartman. I W-17a; III-8; San Pedro and outer areas.
Owenia spp. V-53; San Pedro and outer areas.
Panthalis pacifica Treadwell. I W-12; I NW-8; III-6; III-10; V-5; an Pedro and outer areas.
Panthalis spp. I SW-6; III-7; V-4; San Pedro areas. Paranaitis polynoides (Moore). I SW-8 (1); outer areas.
Paraonis spp. I W-3; I W-8; I W-12; I W-17; I W-19; I W-22; I SW-1; I SW-8; I SW-9; I NWS 3 Dh= 2c) Ra i7 eT elie) lien Gye lel lf, ser sleatelvmms| elias IV-7; IV-8; V-5; V-213; VI-4; San Pedro and outer areas.
Pareurytho# sp. II-8; San Pedro areas.
Pectinaria californiensis Hartman. I W-4; I W-5 (12); I W-6 (many); ~ . W-? (82); 1 W-8 (40); I W-9; I W-10 (90); I W-10b; I W-12 (9);
I W-12a; I W-12c (about 12); I W=-13b; I W-14a3 I W-16; I W-17a;
I W-19b (50 or more); I W-19ce (about 50); I W-20; I W-21 (many)
I SW-5; I SW-8 (17); I SW-10 (13); I NW-73 I NW-8 (25); I NW-9; II-6 (2)3 II-7 (21): II-8 (many); ILII=-3 (2); III-4 (about 8); III-5; IlI-6; IlI-7 (about 5)3 III-8 (34); III-9 (many); -~ III=-10 (some); III=-11 (1); IV-2 (56); IV=-33 V-1; V-3 (many); V-4 (6)3 V-5 (many); V-6 (many tubes); V-8 (12); V-103; V-11 (50 or more); Vel7 (many); V=-19 (many); V-e2l (5 lapeen V=233 San Pedro and outer areas.
° 3
Peisidice aspera Johnson. I W-12d; I W-17 (6); San Pedro and outer areas. Perinereis monterea Chamberlin. San Pedro and outer areas. Petaloproctus sp. V=23 (2 or more); San Pedro areas.
Pherusa capulata (Moore). I W-12d (many); I W-12c; I W-13b; I W-14a 18 or more); I W-193 I W-20; III=4; San Pedro and outer areas.
Pherusa inflata (Treadwell). I W-12d3; San Pedro and outer areas.
Pherusa papillata (Johnson). I W=13b; I W-17a3 San Pedro and outer
areas. Pherusa spp. I We23 I W-33 I W- a I W-53 I W-73 I W=-173; I W-21 (many); I SW-6 (20); I SW-7; I SW-8 (8): I NW-33 I NW-4 (10); I NW-7; I NW=-8; II- 3; TI-7 (18)3 LTII-S (10); IIll-43; ILI-8; V-53; V-6; V=73 Vell; V-153 V=18; V-19; V-233; San Pedro and outer areas.
Pholo’ sp. I W=-5; I W-73; I W-8 (many); I W=-9; I W-10b; I W-12a; I W-1l2c; I W-163 I W-173 I W-17a3; I W-193 I W-19c3 I W-20; I SW-6; I SW-73; I SW-83 I SW-9; I NW=-7; II-63 II-7 (about 150); ILS SA LIENS) (many) 3 PLV—6) (42 )2 LLi=7 (about 20)s) ELE—a(9)); San Pedro and outer areas.
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158 Phyllochaetopterus prolifica Potts. I W-33; I W-12c; between I W-11 and I W-15; I W=13b; Ll W-14; I W-14a; I W-16; I W-17; I NW-4 (about 30); II=-2 (10); II-3 (50 or more); III-3; 5; San Pedro and outer areas.
Phyllochaetopterus sp. (in impoverished deep area). VI-1; VI-2; VI-3; VI-5; VI-6; VI-10; VI=-11; VI-12; VI-13; San Pedro Impoverished Area.
Phyllodoce ferruginea Moore. San Pedro and outer areas.
Phyllodoce spp. I W-2; I W-3; I W-4; I SW-23; I SW-8; I NW-3; I NW-9; Iif-=1l3; IlI=-6; V=14; San Pedro areas.
phyllodocids, various. I W=7; I W-17; I SW-63; II-7; San Pedro areas. Pilargis berkeleyi Monro. I W-17a; III-7b; San Pedro areas. Pilargis maculata Hartman. IJII-7; III-1; San Pedro areas.
Pilargis spp. I We53 I W-7; I NW-33; IV-73; V=21; V-253; San Pedro and outer areas.
Pisione, near remota Southern. II-1 (many); San Pedro area at 63b (many).
Pista, resembles cristata (Miller). I W=83; I SW-8; I NW-8; San Pedro areas. :
Pista disjuncta Moore. San Pedro and outer areas.
Pista elongata Moore. Between I Well and I W-153 San Pedro and outer areas.
Bistasppe I W123 Tf W=l2c; TI W=lda; Il-=33 2l-7; IlI-73; Ell=8 (about 2495 IV-23; V-5; San Pedro and outer areas.
Placostegus sp. I W=l5a; I W-223 outer areas.
Platynereis bicanaliculata (Baird). I SW-1 (6)3 I SW=3 (6); II-2 (1)3 Ti-5 (4); Iil-3 (1); San Pedro and outer areas.
Platynereis sp. III-13; IIIi-2.
Podarke pugettensis Johnson. I W=-2; nr. I W=18; I SW-7; II-2; II-3; San Pedro and outer areas.
Poecilochaetus johnsoni Hartman. I W-73; I W-19c; I SW-7; III-13 Il=63; lil=-73; San Pedro and outer areas.
Polycirrus spo I W=7$; San Pedro and outer areas. Polydora, near armata Langerhans. San Pedro areas. Polydora citrona Hartman. San Pedro areas.
Polydora ligni Webster. San Pedro areas; fouling on hull of VELERO IV.
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Polydora spp. I W=7; I SW-6; ABAC EL) ML AGAG ye) aE) IG IIE al (aye Vell; V-18; San Pedro and outer areas.
polynoids, III-15; IV-3; vV-6; Vell; V-14; V-23; V-25; San Pedro and outer areas.
Polyodontes, near panamensis Monro. San Pedro and outer areas. polyodontids. V-1; V~9; V=103 V-14; V-27.
Praxillella affinis pacifica Berkeley. JII-7 (6); III-6 (2); San Pedro and outer areas.
Praxillella ?gracilis (Sars). V=5: San Pedro areas. Prionospio ?cirrifera Wiren. JII=3; II=-6; V-5; V-11; San Pedro areas.
Prionospio, near malmgreni Claparede. I W-10; I W-12 (46 or more) 3 Il W=4e : I W=-16 taeny): I W-19c3; I SW-6 (about 100); I NW-3 (more than 50); I NW-7; I NW-9; II-2 (120 or more); III-3 (40); II-7 (60); III-1 (about 30); III-4 (about 10); III-6; III-7; Iv-2; V=23 V-43; V-10; San Pedro and outer areas.
Prionospio pinnata Ehlers. I W-23 I W=43 I W-5; I W-7 (12); I W-8; I W-10; I W-Ie2 (5); I W-l4a; I W-163 I W-19c; I SW-1; I SW-6 (about 40); I SW-8 (about 10); I NW-33 I NW-4; I NW-8 (17);
i NW-93 II-2; II-353 II-6 (more than 8); II=7 (24);-II=-8 (many); IIit-2; III-3 (5); I1I=-43 III-6 (about 10); III-7 (6 or more); fiT=8 (4)/3 LIL-103 Irl=-11 (many); IV=23 IV-7:; V-43 V-5; V=11 (8); V=-173; V-19; V-21l (10 large)3 V=23; V=25; San Pedro and outer areas.
Prionospio spp. I W=2 (many); I W-33; I W-6; I W-8; I W-10; I W-14;
er Wet? : I SW=23; I SW-53; I SW-8 (many); I.SW-9; I NW-4 (10);
I NW-8 (50 or more); II=83 III-3; III-9; III-1l1 IV=-9; V-4; V-1l53 V=-233 V=-303; San Pedro and outer areas.
Protis pacifica Moore. ViI-33 VI-6; VI=10; VI-11; impoverished area in San Pedro Basin.
Protula superba Moore. Deep basins, associated with siliceous sponge. Psammolyce sp. III-2; San Pedro and outer areas. Pseudopotamilla occelata Moore. nr. I W-14; San Pedro and outer areas. Pseudopotamilla sp. II=-35; San Pedro areas. Rhamphobrachium sp. San Pedro and outer areas. Rhodine bitorquata Moore. I W=73; I W-8; I W-12; I W-12c;3 I W-13b;
I W-19¢e; I W-20; I SW-8; I NW-9; III-43; III-9; III-11; IV-2
IV=33 San Pedro and outer areas.
Rhynchospio arenincola Hartman. San Pedro areas.
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160
Sabella, resembles crassicornis Sars. I W-12; San Pedro and outer areas.
sabellids. I NW=4 (about 10); I NW-8; III-11; V-5; V-8; V-11; V-16; V-25; San Pedro and outer areas.
Sabellaria cementarium Moore. I W-12c; I W-13a; I W-13b; I W-14a; an Pedro and outer areas.
Ssabellaria sp. I NW-4; I W-173; San Pedro and outer areas. Saccocirrus papillocercus Bobretzky. San Pedro area at 50. Salmacina sp. San Pedro areas. Scalibregma sp. I W-5; I W-8; I W-14a; I W-16; I W-17a; I W-20; I SW=-6; I SW-8; I NW-4 II-4; II-7; III-4; III-6; III-8; III-11; V-8; Vell; V-19; V=23 (a giant); V-253 San Pedro and outer. areas.
Schistocomus spo I W-l2c; San Pedro and outer areas.
Sigalionids. I W-1l2c; I SW=-8; II=73 IV=-73 V=-13V-53 V-16; San Pedro and outer areas.
Sphaerodorum minutum Webster and Benedict. I W-12; I W-12b; I W-14; I SW-63; III-7; III-113; V-5; San Pedro and outer areas.
Sphaerodorum spp. I W-53 I W=-12; I W-17; I SW-5; I NW-3; III-10; IV=2; San Pedro and outer areas.
Telepsavus sp... .-. I Wel3 I SW-23 I NW-3;: I NW-93 II-63 IIl=-7; III-7; V=43; V-103; San Pedro and outer areas.
Spionids. I W-93; I W=19; I W=-20; I We223 III-8; III=-93; III-103 IV-23; V-43 Ve-14; San Pedro and outer areas.
Spiophanes missionensis Hartman. JI W-12c3; I W-19c3 I NW-7; II-23 Ti=7; San Pedro and outer areas. :
Spiophanes (or also Laonice) spp. I Wel; I We4; I W-7; I W-8; I W-14; I SW=-63; I SW-S3 I NWe33 I NW-5; I NW=83 II-33 II-6; II-83; III-3;
III-73; IlI-83; III-103; III=-11; San Pedro and outer areas. Spiophanes, deep water species. V1I=-53; outer basins spirorbids. I W=-153; I W=-223 San Pedro and outer areas.
Sternaspis sp. I W-53; I W-6; I W-7; I W-12; I W-16; I NW-7; I W-17a; mep=o% Tii=-33; Lil—j-4¢ Lil—<6s 2Ll=73 Tll=8; ILE=1is V-13 V4; V-103; San Pedro and outer areas.
Sthenelais tertiaglabra Moore. III-6; San Pedro and outer areas.
Sthenelais spp. I W-2; I W-5; I NW-33 II-23; III-4; V-4; San Pedro and outer areas.
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161
Sthenelanella uniformis Moore. I W-5; I W-73 I W-13a; I W-14a (about 14)3 © W-16; I W-i7a; I W-20; I W-22; I SW-6; I SW-7; I SW-8; I SW-9; I NW-5; I NW-73 I NW-83; II-3; II-73 III-4; III-6; III-7; III-8; San Pedro and outer areas.
Streblosoma crassibranchis Treadwell. I W-8; III-2; III-6; III-7; San Pedro and outer areas.
Syllids. I W-16; I W-17; I W-22; I NW-3; I NW-4; II-3; San Pedro and outer areas.
Syllis spp. I W-2; I W-33 I SW-7; II=-23; III-1 (10); III-6; San Pedro and outer areas.
Talehsapia sp. IJI=-33 San Pedro area.
Telepsavus, see preceding page
Merebellides spo I W-53; I W-73; I W-8 (8)3 I W-12a3 I W-12c3 I W-13b; I W-14; I W-17a3; I SW-8; I NW-9; II=7; III-2; III-3; III-4; III-6; IIH GEIS ARIS Se) yn AL AO) MIE CIES ILA A Io Toe Wale V=-253; San Pedro and outer areas.
terebellids. I W=-143; I W-17; I SW-63; II-2; II-73; III-23; III-6; III-11; IV-9; V=33 V-19; San Pedro and outer areas.
Thalenessa spinosa (Hartman). III-6; San Pedro and outer areas.
Thalenessa spp. I W-1l2a; I W-17a; I SW-6; II-2; II-3; San Pedro and outer areas.
Tharyx multifilis Moore. I W-19; San Pedro and outer areas.
I SW-3; I SW-4 (many); I SW-6
Tharyx parvus Berkeley. I W-2 (many) many) 3 San Pedro and outer areas.
3
I NW=-7 (many); III-1; V-2;
Tharyx, with tattered tube. I W-13b; I W-19c; I NW-7; outer areas.
Tharyx spp. I W-3; I W-10b; I W=-14; I W-17; I SW-23; I SW-8; I SW-9; I NW-3 (many); I NW-4 (33); II-2 (many); II-3 (10 or more); III-33; IIlI=7; IIlI=-11; V-4; V-21; San Pedro and outer areas.
Thelepus crispus Johnson. San Pedro and outer areas.
Travisia ?olens Ehlers. IV=-23 outer areas.
Travisia ?pupa Moore. I W-135b; III-6; San Pedro and outer areas.
Travisia spp. I W=-16; I SW-8; I SW-10; II-7; III-5; III-7; V-4; =-9; V-153; San Pedro and outer arease
Vermiliopsis multiannulata (Moore). I W-15a; San Pedro and outer areas.
Vermiliopsis spp. I W-12d; I W-14a;I W-l5a; I W-22; San Pedro and outer areas.
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