ORS Tibrany OFaee ||
ir ORK TA :

See 90 “Se 8!
(Zemin) (kGremkar

e

de

VOL..2. NO. 6.

May "i yi
BULLETIN

OF

THE NEW YORK

BOTANICAL GARDEN.

\BRAR>

\
,
NEW YONK

Contributions to the Botany of the Yukon Territory.
MH

1. An Enumeration of the Hepaticae collected by R. S. Williams,
1898-1899.

By MARSHALL A. HOWE.
Mr. Williams’ collection of Hepaticae is of much interest

inasmuch as it contains one species which appears to be en-
tirely new, one which has not before been reported from this

( 102 )

continent, five others new to the Alaska region, and besides
these two or three which have been rarely collected in Amer-
ica. With the exception of the collections made by the Har-
riman Alaska Expedition in 1899 and reported upon by Dr.
Alexander W. Evans,* the number of species—24—secured
by Mr. Williams is greater than that brought from Alaska +
by any other collector. The literature bearing upon the Al-
askan Hepaticae has been so fully discussed in the recent
paper by Dr. Evans that nothing on that point need now be
said.

Marchantia polymorpha L. West Dawson, July 30,
1899.

Metzgeria pubescens (Schrank) Raddi. On rocks, Cafion
City, March 27, 1898.

Gymnomitrium coralloides Nees. On rocks, Lake Linde-
man, May 5 and 8, 1898. In cafion above Lake Lindeman,
April 8, 1898.

Marsupella emarginata (Ehrh.) Dumort. Sheep Camp,
March 29, 1898. A variety, also, of this species on rocks
above Long Lake, May 24, 1898.

Nardia scalaris (Schrad.)S. F. Gray. Dawson, Septem-
ber 11 and October 2, 1898. Mixed with Lophozia Floerki.

Jungermannia cordifolia Wook. Abundant in streams
running into Lake Lindeman, April 9, 1898. Mixed with
Scapania undulata. The leaves are more rigid and the leaf-
cells have larger trigones than is normal, but the plants
(sterile) agree with /. cordifolia in size, habit, form of
leaves, etc.

Lopuozia RuTHEANA (Limpr.). (/ungermannia Rutheana
Limpr. Jahresb. Schles. Gesell. vaterl. Cult. 61: 207. 1884.
Jungermannia lophocoleoides Lindb. Medd. Soc. Faun. et
Fl. Fenn. 14: 66. 1887. Kongl. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl.
23°: 41. 1889.) Paroicous. The species was originally
described as dioicous. Lindberg, however, called attention

* Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2: 287-314. pl. 76-78. 10 O. I9g00.

+ The word “‘ Alaska’? is employed in the present paper in a geographical

rather than political sense. Most of Mr. Williams’ specimens came from
British soil.

(103 )

to the great similarity between it and his paroicous /. /opho-
coleotdes, suggesting the possibility that it had not been rightly
interpreted, owing to poverty of material. Ina copy of the
original diagnosis sent out by Limpricht, the ‘* Didcisch” has
been replaced by a pen-and-ink ‘* Parécisch,” indicating the
recognition of an error in the first description.

Lophozia heterocolpa (Thed.) M. A. Howe. Over rocks
and earth on mountain side, Dawson, August 7 and Septem-
ber 7, 1898.

Lophozia incisa (Schrad.) Dumort. On Sphagnum, Klon-
dike, September 18, 1898.

Lophozta barbata (Schreb.) Dumort. Klondike River
bottom, October 9, 1898. New to Alaska.

Lophozia Floerkit (Web. & Mohr) Schiffn. On wet rocks,
Lake Lindeman, May 30, 1898.

Lophozia lycopodiotdes (Wallr.) Schiffn. Very common
among bushes, Lake Lindeman, May 22, 1898. New to
Alaska.

Lophozia quinguedentata (Huds.) Schiffn. On rocks,
Klondike, October 10, 1898. Mixed with the following
species.

Lophozia saxicola (Schrad.) Schiffn. On rocks, Klondike,
October 10, 1898. We have seen but two other American
specimens of this, both in the herbarium of Professor Under-
wood. One bears the inscription ‘‘ Moore Factory, Canada,
in herb. Tayl., Greville, 1843.” This was probably collected
by Drummond. The other was collected by Prof. J. Macoun,
August, 1882, in ‘‘ alpine situations, Mount Albert, Gaspé,
Canada,” and was issued as no. 236 of Carr. & Pears. Hep.
Brit. Exsicc. According to Herr Stephani,* the species was
collected in Alaska by the Drs. Krause, also.

Lophozia minuta (Crantz) Schiffn. On rocks, Lake Lin-
deman, May 24, 1898. In a swamp, Dawson, September 8,
1898.

Mylia anomala (Hook.) S. F. Gray. On Sphagnum, Daw-
son, August 31, 1898. New to Alaska.

* Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 8: 97. 1887.

( 104 )

Geocalyx graveolens (Schrad.) Nees. Dawson, August 31,
1898. Gemmiferous. New to Alaska.

Odontoschisma sphagni (Dicks.) Dumort. In swamp,
Dawson, September 8, 1898. New to Alaska.

Blepharostoma trichophyllum (L.) Dumort. On river bank
below Bonanza Creek, Klondike, June 18, 1899.

TTEMNOMA SETIFORMIS (Ehrh.). (Jungermannia setiformis
Ehrh. Beitr. 3: 80. 1788.) On rocks, Lake Lindeman,
May 5, 1898.

Ptilidium celiare (L.) Nees. On ground in woods, Daw-
son, September 7, 18908.

Diplophylleca taxifolia (Wahlenb.) Trevis. On rocks,
Cajion City, March 27, 1898.

Scapania undulata (L..) Dumort. In streams running into
Lake Lindeman, April 9 and May 21, 1898. Also a variety
in still water, Lake Lindeman, May 23, 1898. A very pe-
culiar plant, probably to be considered a variety of this
species, was collected by Mr. Williams ‘‘ in springs between
Lakes Lindeman and Bennett, June 2, 1898.” The leaf-
lobes in this are almost wholly separate, as sometimes hap-
pens in S. wlzg7nosum, but it differs from the latter species in
the acute and dentate-margined lobes.

Scapania imbricata sp. nov.

Yellowish green, becoming somewhat brown, densely caes-
pitose : stems (secondary) prostrate or subascending, plane at
apices, 2-4 cm. long, .4—.57 mm. (22-28 cells) in thickness,
brown, simple or sometimes sparingly and_ irregularly
branched, root-hairs obsolescent: leaves for the most part
very densely imbricate, of nearly uniform size throughout,
rigid and subconchiform when dry, or slightly wrinkled, not
decurrent, bipartite for 3—¢ their length, the carina slightly or
not at all alate; lobes very entire ; ventral lobes twice as large
as the dorsal or subequal, oblong, oblong-ovate, or elliptical,
1.82.2 mm. x .g6-1.34 mm., patent-horizontal, the very obtuse
often subtruncate apex deflexed, the ventral margin nearly
plane; dorsal lobes elliptical-ovate or ovate, suberect or
erecto-patent, inflato-convex, appressed-imbricate, rounded-
obtuse ; leaf-cells near the margin subquadrate or elliptical-
oblong, 12-22 y, firm-walled, those near the middle of lamina

( 105 )

5- or 6-angled, 16-30 yw, with pronounced trigones, cuticle
smooth or very slightly roughened. (Plate 14.)

On rocks, Crater Lake, at foot of Chilcoot Pass, altitude
about 900 m., May 24, 1898. Although Mr. Williams’ speci-
men is wholly sterile, the peculiarities of the species are so
striking that we think our description and figures will make
possible its easy recognition. We are unacquainted with any
Scapania which seems closely related to this species. Sca-
panta Kaurint Ryan, from Norway, has obtuse, entire or
subentire leaf-lobes but here the resemblance ceases, for
S. Kaurint is a much smaller plant in every way, its leaves
increase in size toward the stem-apex, are commonly sub-
vertical, and are less deeply lobed, the dorsal lobes are not at
all imbricate unless at the very apex of the stem, the ventral
lobes are ovate or obovate, the root-hairs are numerous, etc.
The arrangement of the leaf-lobes in Scapaniza imbricata is
quite suggestive of the genus Diplophylleza, yet the plant is
doubtless a true Scapanza.

Explanation of Plate 14.
Figs. 1 and 2. Stems (secondary), natural size.
Fig. 3. From near base of stem, dorsal view, 7.
Fig. 4. Apical portion, dorsal view, x 7.
Figs. 5 and 6. Portions of stem _with typical leaves, dorsal view, 12.
Figs. 7 and 8. Same portions, ventral view, 12.
Figs. 9 and ro. Single leaves viewed from outer (lower) surface, 12.
Fig. 11. Leaf cells from apex of ventral lobe, showing margin, 245.
Fig. 12. Leaf-cells from middle of ventral lobe, * 245.
Fig. 13. Cross-section of (secondary) stem, 4o.
Fig. 14. Cells from near surface in cross-section of (secondary) stem,
245.

2. An Enumeration of the Mosses collected.
By R. S. WILLIAMS.

Our party arrived at Dyea, Alaska, March 23, 1898, and a
day or two later a few specimens of mosses were collected in
the immediate vicinity, from which time on collections were
made at intervals as opportunity offered till Dawson was
reached on the 21st of June. On our arrival the streets of

( 106 )

Dyea, scarcely above tide water, were quite bare, but a mile or
two above town and on the mountain sides snow was in more
or less abundance and constantly increasing in amount as one
went back from the coast. The nights were not very cold,
about such, perhaps, as might occur in New York City dur-
ing February. Dyea Creek at the mouth of which the town
of that name was located (it is scarcely an inhabited town any
longer, the travel all going by way of Skagway) is some 16
miles long. About half way up is the place called Cajion
City where the gulch narrows for a mile or two often to only
a few rods in width. Here the rocks, where exposed, were
often covered with fine growths of mosses and lichens, but
there was too much snow and frost to do any satisfactory col-
lecting. About 4 miles farther up the gulch was Sheep
Camp, the last place where wood for fuel could be obtained
till after crossing the Chilcoot Pass. We camped here from
the 28th of March to the 7th of April, and although the
ground was everywhere covered with 2 or 3 feet or more of
snow, a number of specimens were obtained from the trunks
of trees and exposed rocks. Chilcoot Pass is 3,500 feet
high and the mountain summits near, 2,000 or 3,000 feet
higher. Just beyond the Pass, Crater Lake lies in a small
depression at the foot of a steep hill and ten miles away is
Lake Lindeman, at an elevation of 2,170 feet. This last lake
is the nearest point to the coast where boats can be built and
run into the Yukon and we camped here from the 7th of
April to the first of June. Quite a number of specimens were
obtained during this time although the ground was well
covered with snow up to the middle of May. By the 25th of
the month the lower hills and mountain sides were mostly
bare and the ice in the upper half of the lake had largely
melted. Frogs were first heard croaking in a marsh May
16th and on the 26th a single small buttercup was found in
bloom close to the lake shore, while sedges were appearing
above ground with green tips an inch or so long. Leaving
Lindeman the first day of June we sailed down to the foot of
the lake (5 or 6 miles only) and camped for 5 days. Vegeta-

(107 )

tion was found to be considerably more advanced than at the
head of Lindeman owing doubtless to the somewhat smaller
snowfall and the dryer, more sandy soil. A lupine, one or
two violets and a species of /tzbes were in full bloom, Aguzse-
tum arvense was in good fruit and a young fern had reached
a height of 5 or 6 inches on June 2d. But little collecting
was done here owing to lack of time and as no more stops of
any length were made from this place on to Dawson, a dis-
tance of 525 miles, but little collecting was really done along
the Yukon. At Dawson I remained from the 21st of June,
1898, to the 14th of Aug., 1899, and doubtless a fairly com-
plete collection of the higher plants, mosses and lichens was
made, growing within 2 or 3 miles of town. All the moun-
tains near Dawson are low (1,200 or 1,500 feet above town,
which has an elevation of some 1,700 feet, I believe) and
without snow for 3 months during the warm season. Rains
were not very frequent or heavy during the summer spent
there and snow fell in winter about 16 inches deep in town
and perhaps twice that amount on the mountains near.

Aug. 14, 1899, I left Dawson, coming out by the same
route as that traversed going in till the head of Lake Bennett
was reached on the 25th. Frequent stops along the Yukon
allowed the collection of some flowering plants at this season
as did a stop over night at Bennett City. On the 26th I took
the train at this place for Skagway. We started at 7.15
A. M., reached the White Pass Summit (elevation 2,600 feet)
at 9.25 A. M. where a stop-over of 1144 hours gave time to ob-
tain a number of specimens just on the line between Alaska
and British soil, then we continued on down to Skagway
arriving there early in the afternoon where the last collecting
of the trip was done while awaiting a steamer for Seattle.

To Mrs. Britton the author is under many obligations for
assistance in preparing this list.

Dr. Warnstorf has kindly determined the Sphagnums.

Sphagnum Warnstorfii Russow. Swamps at the head of
Lake Lindeman (507).

Sphagnum Warnstorfii purpurascens Russow. Locality
of preceding (505).

( 108 )

Sphagnum Girgensohnii Russow. Locality of preceding
(506).

Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) Klinggr. In swamps about
Dawson. In fine fruit the latter part of August. Often
used in large quantities for filling the spaces between the
logs of buildings (50r).

Sphagnum jfimbriatum Wils. In swamps about Dawson.
Fruiting. Rather rare (502).

Sphagnum teres squarrosulum (Lesq.) Schp. Cafion City,
Dyea Creek. On damp mountain side (509).

Sphagnum squarrosum Pers. Klondike River bottom (513).

Sphagnum squarrosum subsquarrosum Warns. Swamps
about Dawson. Fruiting (508).

Sphagnum medium Limpr. Abundantly fruiting in swamps
and on cold, wet hillsides about Dawson. ‘This species is
also largely used in the building of log houses (516).

Andreaea petrophila Ehrh. Common about Lake Linde-
man. In fine fruit May 17. The plants are quite variable
in color and length of stem. The leaves are papillose on
both sides but most distinctly so on the back in upper part.
The cell walls are very thick, the upper cells measure .008
x .008 mm. to .oo8 x .o12 mm., below they are 3-4 times
longer than wide (520).

Andreaea petrophila acuminata Schimp. Lake Linde-
man. All the specimens examined seemed to be dioicous.
The papillae vary greatly on different leaves, often being very
prominent on young leaves and scarcely visible on old spec-
imens (523).

Andreaca petrophila parvifolia (Muell.). Sheep camp,
Dyea Creek. These specimens are from the original locality
of parvifolia and agree with a bit of the original collection
from Herb. Mueller. They differ from fetrophila in having
rather smaller leaves and mostly dioicous flowers, the ¢
plants being more branching than the 9 and bearing three or
four antheridial buds; paroicous plants occur, however, and
there seems to be no reason for considering it other than a
variety as above given (519).

( 109 )

Andreaea alpestris (Thed.) Schimp. Sheep Camp, Dyea
Creek. This has leaves very similar to the preceding in size
and shape, but the leaf cells below are longer, thinner-walled
and less pitted. It should, perhaps, be regarded as only a
variety of petrophila, as Braithwait does (512).

Gymnostomum curvirostrum (Ehrh.) Hedw. Yukon
River bluff just below Dawson (524).

Dicranoweisia crispula (Hedw.) Lindb. Common on
rocks about Lake Lindeman (555).

Dicranoweisia contermina R. & C. Locality of preceding
(556).

Cynodontium Schiste (Wahlb.) Lindb. On earth about
ledges of rock. The leaves are roughly papillose on both
faces. Upper leaf-cells irregular, not much elongated, up to
about .oo8 mm. long. Rough spores up to.o16 mm. Teeth
either solid or with two or three perforations above (525).

Cynodontium torguescens (Bruch) Limpr. Lake Linde-
man, on thin earth over rock. Dawson, on rock. Leaves
papillose, up to 3 mm. long, twice longer and much narrower-
pointed than in a/fesirzs. Inner perichaetial leaves longer-
pointed and less clasping than in graczlescens, foliage leaves
also narrower above. The perigonium, of two leaves, close
under the perichaetium or almost at its side (526).

Cynodontium polycarpum (Ehrh.) Schimp. Common on
rock on upper Dyea cr., also just over the Coast Range on
streams flowing into Lake Lindeman. The leaves are dis-
tinctly serrate above (527).

Cynodontium strumiferum (Ehrh.) DeNot. Lake Linde-
man. In crevices of rock (528).

Oncophorus virens (Sw.) Brid. (Cynodontium virens
Schimp.) About springs between Lakes Lindeman and
Bennett. Alar cells sometimes more or less enlarged or in-
flated (529).

Oncophorus virens serratus (B. & S.) Limpr. (Cyno-
dontium virens serratum B. & S.) Onearth along streams
flowing into Lake Lindeman (792).

Oncophorus virens nigrescens (Schimp.). (Cynodontium

(110) |
virens nigrescens Schimp.) A depressed, blackish variety
growing on the margin of an alpine pond just below snow
banks about 1000 ft. above Lake Lindeman (791).

Oncophorus Wahlenbergi Brid. (Cynodontium Wahlen-
bergit Hartm.) Common about Dawson on old stumps and
logs, in fine tufts, up to 6 cm. high (530).

Dicranella crispa (Ehrh.) Schimp. On damp sandy soil
at mouth of Bonanza Creek (552).

Dicranella varia (Hedw.) Schimp. Below Lake Lebarge
on Thirty-mile River (551).

Dicranella heteromalla (L..) Schimp. Sheep Camp, Dyea
Creek (554).

Dicranella subulata (Hedw.) Schimp. Growing on a thin
layer of damp earth over rock at Lake Lindeman (553).
These specimens have the upper leaves somewhat serrulate
above, thus approaching curvata, but the capsule is scarcely
elongated, erect and symmetrical enough to be that.

Dicranum fulvellum (Dicks.) Smith.* On rock at Long
Lake a few miles below Chilcoot Summit. The specimens
are old and blackish with distinctly furrowed capsule. Leaf-
cells not pitted and costa .o50 mm. wide at base (531).

Dicranum falcatum Hedw. Sterile plants collected on
rock at Lake Lindeman. The leaf-cells from apex one-half
down are short and angular, often nearly square, the excur-
rent costa of the upper leaves is very rough with teeth-like
projections of the cells, width of costa at base .o80 mm. (532).

Dicranum molle Wils. Collected at Lake Lindeman on
damp, clayey soil subject to overflow. The specimens bear
very immature capsules but show a distinct struma. The
leaves are entire or nearly so and erect-spreading, with cell-
walls thickened and pitted chiefly a little above the base, the
upper cells elongated, often rectangular and 4 to 6 times
longer than broad. Costa about .065 mm. wide at base,
about + leaf base. This species has been previously collected
outside of Europe in Alaska and Greenland (546).

* The Dicranums have been kindly revised by Dr. R. F. True, but the
notes are by the author.

(422)

Dicranum Blyttt? B. & S. Rather common on rock
about Lake Lindeman. Some specimens are dioicous, male
plants occurring with three or four antheridial buds. The
leaf-cells vary considerably in width below, with walls some-
times thickened and pitted, especially in the perichaetial
leaves a little above the base (533).

Dicranum elongatum Schleich. Dawson. Very com-
mon on both old stumps and rocks in damp places. Some
of the specimens might be referred to var. orthocarpum if
that is worth recognition as a variety (534).

Dicranum fuscescens Turn. On rock along Dyea Creek
and on earth at Lake Lindeman (536).

Dicranum congestum Brid. On swampy ground at Daw-
son. Distinguished from the preceding by the wider leaf
point with cells elongated-oval, not short and angular above.
In both species the cell walls are more or less porose and the
nerve at base varies from } to + the width of leaf base (537).

Dicranum Muhlenbeckit B. & S. Growing among bould-
ers at Lake Lindeman. This has small, angular leaf-cells,
often only .006 x .006 mm.—.006 x .oo8 mm. extending $ down
the leaf or more. The cell walls may be more or less po-
rose. The costa at base is about 4 width of leaf base (538).

Dicranum fragilifolium Lindb. Very common on de-
cayed logs about Dawson. Perichaetial leaves rather grad-
ually narrowed to the subula with cell walls porose in lower
part. Other leaves scarcely or not porose. The costa often
well defined below and broad, over } width of leaf base (535).

Dicranum angustum Lindb. Sterile specimens collected
at Lake Lindeman in swamps and found in good fruit at
Dawson in July. This isa more slender plant than scofa-
rium with erect-spreading, nearly straight, smooth and en-
tire leaves, giving a somewhat bristly appearance to the
stems. The leaf-cells are elongated throughout often from 4
to 8 times longer than wide in upper leaf, with walls strongly
porose, at least below. Nerve indistinct and narrow a short
distance above base. Perichaetial leaves abruptly narrowed
to a smooth subula about } the length of blade. Capsule

(132)

short, curved, furrowed. Annulus of one or two rows of
cells. Spores slightly roughened, up to about .023 mm.
Kindberg gives this as a plant of northern Europe, occur-
ring principally in Norway, Finland and Lapland (539).

Dicranum mazus orthophyllum Al. Br. Fruiting specimens
collected at Lake Lindeman. Thisvariety with nearly straight,
erect-spreading leaves bears little resemblance to the beauti-
fully falcate-leaved majus. The leaves of the Lindeman
specimens measure up to 84 mm. long, with margins serru-
late in upper 4 and vein somewhat rough on back with low
papillae. Leaf-cells elongated throughout and porose nearly
to apex, costa percurrent, .045 to .o80 mm. wide a little
above the broadened base. Capsules clustered, up to 5 in
the same perichaetium (544).

Dicranum Bonjeant DeNot. (D. palustre Br. and Sch.).
On rather dry ground at Lake Lindeman. A variety with
straight leaves 44 mm. long with costa scarcely papillose on
back and margin entire or nearly so (543).

Dicranum Bergert Blandow. (LD. Schradert Web. &
Mohr.), Lake Lindeman, mouth of Little Salmon River and
near Dawson (540).

Fisstdens bryotdes (L.) Hedw. Common on earth about
Dawson (559).

Fissidens osmundotdes (Swartz) Hedw. On earth and
rocks at Lake Lindeman (557).

Fissidens adiantotdes (L.) Hedw. In marshy places at
Lake Lindeman (558).

Ceratodon purpureus Brid. Common on rock at Lake
Lindeman (560). Sterile specimens of a moss that may be
only a variety of this were collected at Marsh Lake on
dry rock, in which the leaves are broader than the normal
form and only 3 as long (800).

Distichium capillaceum (Sw.) B. & S. On earth and rock
from Lake Lindeman to Dawson (561).

Distichium inclinatum (Ehrh.) B. & S. Lake Lebarge
on earth and at Dawson on old stumps (562).

Blindia acuta (Huds.) B. & S. Skagway, in fine fruit

(113 )

Aug. 27, also sterile specimens on dry rock at Lakes Linde-
man and Lebarge (563).

Pottia latifolia pilifera (Brid.) Muell. On bare earth of
river bluff just below Dawson (564).

Didymodon rubellus (Hoffm.) B. & S. Cajion City, Dyea
Creek, also common at Dawson. The apex of the leaf of this
species usually terminates in a somewhat enlarged, pale,
smooth cell with one or two similar cells on either side, form-
ing teeth that stand out very distinctly from the rest of the
rather obscure papillose cells of upper leaf. The capsule
varies greatly in length and breadth. Cells of the lid not in
oblique rows (565).

Ditrichum giganteum R. S. Williams, sp. nov.

Dioicous. Growing in large cushions up to 12 cm. high,
usually of a yellow-green color. Upper stem leaves up to
7 mm. long, narrowly subulate above, sharply denticulate at
apex and more or less serrulate or crenulate on border about
4 down, also often rough on back above. Inner perichaetial
leaf truncately narrowed to a denticulate subula about equal-
ing the broad part in length. Cell walls thickened through-
out except in and near margin at base. Cells in upper leaf
3-5 times longer than wide with rounded ends, in middle
near margin, short and irregular, often not or scarcely elon-
gated, toward base several rows in margin narrowly rectan-
gular, 8-10 times longer than wide, with thin walls, within
the cells become much wider, thick-walled and near costa,
mostly pitted. Capsule oblong-cylindrical, not quite sym-
metrical, with conical lid } its length and broad annulus of
3 rows of cells. Three or 4 rows of elongated cells about
mouth of capsule, below the cells becoming irregularly ob-
long to rectangular, mostly 2-4 times longer than wide.
Teeth pale, very papillose, rather broad and irregular, with-
out distinct articulations. (Plate 15.)

This plant is closely related to fextcaule with which it has
been associated both in this country and Europe, and some of
the larger forms of flexzcaule approach it very closely but I
have not yet seen any with such long, slender, serrulate
leaves with inner perichaetial leaf truncately narrowed to so
dentate a subula. The color and size alone are usually

(114)

sufficient to separate the plant. Macoun’s no. 66 is this
species, also Leiberg’s 232. In European collections, ‘* 485
Jack, Leiner and Sitzenberger Kryp. Badens,” ‘‘ a” is this
and ‘‘c” is flextcaule. 1307 Rabenhorst, Bry. Eur. looks
much like this but is Dzcranodontium. ‘*111 Bryotheca
Silesiaca” and ‘* 111 Wilson, Musci Brit.” are this species.

Sterile specimens only were collected at Dawson. The
description is drawn up from specimens collected at Columbia
Falls, Mont., July, 1892. In the plate the teeth are probably
figured too short, the only available specimen being in poor
condition. The plant grows on both earth and rock and
rarely fruits (568).

Ditrichum flexicaule (Schleich.) Hampe. (Leptotrichum
flexicaule Hampe.) Common about Dawson in swampy
places. These specimens are similar to 961, Rabenhorst, Bry.
Eur. The leaf-cells below are often much pitted, perichaetial
leaves gradually narrowed and leaf towards apex only slightly
serrulate. Occasionally there is a distinct cluster of alar cells
found in both European and American specimens (567).

Ditrichum flexicaule densum (B. & S.) Braithw. Speci-
mens about 1 cm. high, collected between the Big and Little
Salmon rivers, in good fruit June 16. This plant has the
habit of D. homomallum and Macoun’s no. 8, so called, be-
longs here. It is at once distinguished from homomallum by
the short, often transversely elongated cells near middle of
leaf toward margin, also the rectangular basal cells are only
4 as long. These specimens appear quite distinct from flex-
zcaule by their small size, short, nearly entire leaves and
scarcely or not pitted cell walls, the teeth also are distinctly
articulate; possibly, however, all these characters are too
variable to make specific distinctions (566).

Desmatodon cernuus (Hiiben) B. & S. Dawson (570).

Barbula brevirostris (Hook. & Grev.) Bench. On earth-
covered stumps and bare clayey soil about Dawson (571).

Barbula fallax recurvifolia Wils. (Barbula reflexa Brid.)
Dawson. Growing in large tufts on rock (572).

Barbula fragilis (Drumm.) B. & S. Dawson. In damp

(115 )

shady places on earth. Collected with rather old fruit,
August 4th. The lid about equals the capsule in length, the
calyptra extends nearly } down capsule. Teeth red and
closely twisted when first exposed, later becoming scarcely
twisted. Outer walls of the cells of leaf subula much thick-
ened (574).

Barbula subulata (lu.) Beauv. Dawson. On earth in
rather dry places (575).

Barbula ruralis (L.) Hedw. On rocks about Lakes Lin-
deman and Bennett (576).

Bryobrittonia R. S. Williams, gen. nov.

Closely related to Zortula and Desmatodon from which it
is distinguished by the mamillose leaves, the exposed surfaces
of the very distinct cells being highly convex. From 77rzch-
ostomum and Timmiella it is distinguished by the costa with
only one stereid band; the first of these also has the leaves
smooth or papillose and the second has a leaf lamina of 2
layers of cells, mamillose on the upper surface only.

This genus is dedicated to Mrs. Elizabeth G. Britton, by
whose aid so many American students of our mosses have
been encouraged.

Bryobrittonia pellucida R. S. Williams, sp. nov.

With much the habit of Zortula latzfolia but leaves much
longer and narrower above. Stems mostly simple, radiculose
below, in loose, rather dark green tufts up to 2 cm. high, in
cross-section irregularly oval (about .320 mm. long) with
walls of 2 or 3 rows of slightly thickened irregular cells,
ground tissue of large thin-walled cells, surrounding a dis-
tinct central strand of numerous small thin-walled cells.
Terminal leaves (often enclosing numerous long paraphyses-
like hairs) oblong lanceolate, up to 7.5 mm. long and 1.5
mm. broad, plicate and somewhat crispate when dry or rarely
nearly straight, mamillose on both faces except dorsal side
of costa, crenulate-serrate on flat borders in upper half, ob-
tusely or somewhat acutely pointed, with stout costa (.140
mm. wide near base) long-decurrent on stems and vanishing
several cells below apex. Lower leaves ovate-oblong (about

(116)

3 mm. long). Leaf-cells above rhomboidal to hexagonal,
about .o16 mm. in diameter, becoming gradually elongated
below and hyaline, the cells near margin a little above base
.004—.006 mm. wide and up to .160 mm. long, toward costa
-020-.025 mm. wide and up to .100 mm. or more long.
Cross-sections of costa show in the ventral half about 4 guide-
cells with a few accessory cells or even I or 2 rows of
accessory cells nearly as large, in addition to the row of
mamillose cells on ventral surface. The dorsal half of costa
consists of a stereid band, the outer row of cells a little larger
than the others with a distinct central strand of small, irreg-
ular, thin-walled cells. (Plate 16.)

Yukon River bluff, just below Dawson. Collected April
6, 1899, on rock (587).

Scoulerta aquatica Hook. Fine fruiting specimens col-
lected near Cajion City, Dyea Creek. As usual in clear moun-
tain streams, the plants are blackish and robust. Also col-
lected sterile in Miles’s Cafion and in fruit on the Yukon at
Dawson. These latter specimens are more slender and of a
dull green color, such as are usually found in larger streams
that become swift and muddy in high water. ‘There seems to
be no microscopical differences between the different speci-
mens (588) and (806).

Grimmia conferta Funck. Marsh Lake. This plant has
cell walls thin, not or scarcely sinuous, the upper cells
roundish, the lower short rectangular, about 1 to 3 (589).

Grimmia apocarpa (L..) Hedw. Lake Lindeman. Grow-
ing in blackish tufts on perpendicular walls. This species
has cells of leaf above, mostly oblong to square, with thick,
sinuate, angular walls, especially near middle, toward base
becoming hyaline and long-rectangular with thin walls.
The leaf towards apex consists of a double layer of cells
throughout; about 4 down the cells are double only in margin
and here and there within (591).

Grimmia apocarpa gracilis Web. & Mohr. Lake Linde-
man. ‘The cell structure of the leaves is similar to the pre-
ceding, I believe. The plant differs in being rather more
slender, with leaves more papillose and lateral appearing

fruit (592).

Ci)

Grimmia rivularis Brid. Lake Lindeman. On rock near
water-line. This plant has rather obtuse leaves, mostly some-
what sinuate dentate above. The cell walls are less thick-
ened and angular than in apocarpa, and the lower cells
shorter rectangular and broader (593).

Grimmia torquata Hornsch. Sterile specimens collected at
Sheep Camp, Dyea Creek ; also at Lakes Lindeman and Ben-
nett. The typical form has leaves more or less curved and
twisted in various directions (596). In other specimens the
leaves all twist about the stem in the same direction, present-
ing avery rope-like appearance (598). The tufts may finally
become of a dull, brownish-black throughout. Some small,
brownish-green tufts only 1 cm. high were collected at Lake
Bennett, apparently young plants. The leaves are short, with
scarcely thickened or sinuous cell walls. Propagula, mostly
at the base of the costa beneath, resemble those of ordinary
torquata (599).

Grimmia ovalis (Hedw.) Lindb. (Grimmia_ ovata
Schwaegr.) Lake Lindeman and Dawson and at various
intermediate points on the Yukon. Common (595).

Grimmia tenuicaulis R. S. Williams, Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club, 2'7: 316-317. 1900. Dawson on rather dry rock walls.
Specimens not quite so slender as the type (590).

Grimmia acicularis (Li.) C. M. (Racomitrium aciculare
Brid.) Lake Lindeman (601).

Grimmia microcarpa (Hedw.) C. M. (Racomitrium
Sudeticum (Hedw.) B. & S.) Lake Lindeman. Limpricht
states the leaf margin in this species consists of 2 layers of
cells, distinguishing it from heterostichum which has only one.
In these specimens the margin above consists sometimes of a
double layer, on one side, at least (602).

Grimmia heterosticha (Hedw.) C. M. (Racomitrium
heterostichum Brid.) Lake Lindeman and Skagway. Leaf
border of a single layer of cells (603).

Grimmia fascicular’s (Schrad.) C. M. (Racomitrium
Sasciculare (Schrad.) Bridel.) Lake Lindeman (605).

Grimmia ramulosa Lindb. (Racomitrium microcarpum

(Schrad) Brid.) Lake Lindeman (606).

(118 )

Grimmia canescens (Timm.)C. M. (facomitrium canes-
cens Brid.) Sheep Camp, Dyea Creek and Lake Linde-
man. Specimens sometimes blackish throughout. The
alar cells, more or less hyaline and somewhat inflated-hex-
agonal, in several rows, seem always to distinguish this plant
(608).

Grimmia hypnotdes (L.) Lindb. (Racomitrium lanugi-
nosum Brid.) Lake Lindeman (607).

Hledwigia albicans (Web.) Lind. (HA. ciliata Ehrh.)
Common about Dawson in fine fruiting tufts with stems up
to 8 cm. long, also collected at Lake Bennett (610).

Amphidium Lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp. (Amphort-
dium La pponicum (Hedw.) Schimp.) Lake Lindeman and
Lake Marsh (611).

Wetssia Drummondit (Hook. & Grev.) Lind. (Ulota
Drummondit Brid.) On bark of Alnus at Sheep Camp,
Dyea Creek (612).

Weissta Bruchid (Hornsch.) Lindb. (Ulota Bruchit
Hornsch.) On rock at Sheep Camp and Lake Lindeman
(613).

Weissia ulophylla intermedia (Schimp.) Braithw. (UJlota
crispa intermedia (Schimp.) Dixon.) Sheep Camp. On
Populus and Alnus (614).

Weissta phyllantha (Brid.) Lindb. (Ulota phyllantha
Brid.) Skagway, Alaska. On rock just above tide-water.
The plants are stout and dark colored, bearing dense clusters
of gemmae on both sides of the costa near apex (615).

Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw. Dawson. In fine fruit
June 29, on rock. Also collected at Skagway (616).

Orthotrichum Macounizz Aust. Dawson. On rock. I
refer specimens to this species with a seta about twice the
length of the cylindrical capsule, which is at first smooth but
may finally become ribbed throughout, with teeth regular and
often united to apex and stout cilia (of a double row of cells)
often nearly as long as the teeth. The characters pointed
out by Austin as separating this species from Azugzanum are
not apparently very constant (617).

(119)

Orthotrichum rupestre Schleich. Lake Lindeman (618).

Orthotrichum alpestre Hornsch. Lake Marsh and Daw-
son. On rock (619).

Orthotrichum spectosum Nees. Skagway, Alaska. On
cotton-wood (620).

Orthotrichum obtustfolium Schrad. Skagway. On cot-
ton-wood (621).

Leersia rhabdocarpa (Schwaegr.)Lindb. (Encalypia rhab-
docarpa Schwaegr.) Dawson (623).

Leersia Selwyni (Aust.) E. G. Britt. (Aucalypia Selwynt
Aust.) Lake Marsh; also common about Dawson (624).

Georgia pellucida (L.) Rab. (Tetraphis pellucida (L.)
Hedw.) Lake Lindeman (625).

Georgia geniculata (Girgens.) Lindb. (Tetraphis genicu-
Jata Girgens.) Cafion City, Dyea Creek (626).

Dissodon splachnotdes (Thunb.) Grev. & Arn. Lake
Lindeman. A few specimens found growing on damp earth
by margin of pond. The rhomboidal leaf-cells a little below
the apex measure .O10 mm. by .025 mm., toward base be-
coming rectangular with a width of about .oo8 mm. and from
4 to 6 times longer. Spores up to .036 mm. Synoicous
(627).

Tetraplodon angustatus (Sw.) B. & S. Dawson. On
bones. In good fruit, May 7. This species often grows
mixed with the next and is scarcely to be distinguished by
the unaided eye, unless by the little shorter pedicel. The
stomata are confined to the upper end of the apophysis, the
teeth approximate in fours, not in twos, as given in the L. &
J. Manual (805).

Tetraplodon bryoides (Zoeg.) Lindb. ( Zetraplodon mnio-
ides (Sw.) B. & S.) Dawson. Onbones. In fine fruit, July
3. The stomata are scattered over the apophysis and teeth
approximate in twos (628).

Tetraplodon urceolatus (Brid.) B. & S. Near summit of
Moosehide Mt. just back of Dawson. On bones. In a letter
recently received by Mrs. Britton from Mr. H. N. Dixon,
speaking of the differences between 7. mnzocdes cavifolius

( 120 )

and 7. urceolatus he states he found ‘‘ that the areolation of
the leaf afforded a very distinct character, that of urceolatus
being shorter, more rectangular and above all more incras-
sate, that of all forms of 7. mnzozdes being more irregular,
more elongated and with thinner walls.” He further states
that the Labrador plants he has seen all belong to mmnzozdes
and that possibly we do not have the true wrceolatus in
America. The specimens collected at Dawson, however, en-
tirely agree with European specimens of the latter, the cell
characters being just such as pointed out above (622).

Funarta calcarea Wahl. On bare earth of river bluff just
below Dawson. This species is only to be separated from
Mediterranea, apparently, by the slightly more serrate leaf
and shorter point. Leaf-cells above about .036 x .o60 mm.
Teeth with about 12 lamellae, 4 or 5 rows of transversely
elongated cells about mouth of capsule and rough spores up
to .025 mm. (620).

Funaria hygrometrica (L.) Sibth. Lake Marsh and near
Dawson (630).

Funaria hygrometrica arctica Berggrn. Lower Klondike
River. The specimens are mostly from 12 to 20 mm. high.
Spores up to .o24 mm. ‘The spores of Aygrometrica run up
to .o16 or .o18 mm. (691). |

Bartramia ithyphylla (Haller) Brid. Lake Lindeman
(631).

Bartramia OEdertana (Gunn.) Swartz. Dawson (632).

Bartramia pomiformis (L.) Hedw. Cafion City and
Sheep Camp, Dyea Creek (633).

Philonotis fontana (L.) Brid. Rather common about Lake
Lindeman and Lake Bennett (635).

Conostomum boreale Swartz. Growing in dense cushions
on wet rock near Long Lake, between Chilcoot Pass and
Lake Lindeman (634).

Catoscopium nigritum (Hedw.) Brid. Dawson. In fine
fruit about springs, May 7 (636).

Meesea trichodes (L.) Spruce. (Meesza uliginosa Hedw.)
Dawson. The teeth of the peristome are sometimes almost

(Fax )

up to } the segments in length, they are separated by spaces
up to 4 the width of the teeth across. Apex of teeth often
split or perforated by a single opening. The minutely
roughened spores measure up to .048 mm. (637).

Meesea triguetra(L.) Aongstr. (Messia tristicha B. & S.)
Klondike River bottom. In fine fruit July 23 (639).

Paludella squarrosa (lu.) Brid. Sterile specimens grow-
ing in bogs at Lake Lindeman. Found abundantly in fruit
at Dawson July 23, growing in large patches many feet
across. In places, specimens were so mixed with Campto-
thecium nitens that only the tall seta and capsule of sguar-
rosa were visible (640).

Leptobryum pyriforme (L.) Schimp. Lake Lindeman
and Dawson (641).

Pohlia nutans (Schreb.) Lindb. (Webera nutans (Schreb.)
Hedw.) Sheep Camp, Dyea Creek, also on an island just
below Fort Selkirk (642).

Pohlia nutans var. (Webera nutans var.) Lake Linde-
man. These specimens are dioicous with appendiculate
cilia and costa rough on the back above by the projecting
upper ends of the cells. P. nutans longiseta is described as
having a rough costa, but it has a seta 3 or 4 times longer
than these specimens. Limpricht states it attains a height of
10cm. Ihave Montana specimens of zwtans with paroicous
inflorescence, seta 2 or 3 cm. high and costa slightly rough
on back above, also specimens with seta 6 cm. high and costa
smooth (643).

Pohlia cruda (.) Lindb. (Webera cruda (L.) Schimp.)
Lake Lindeman (644).

Pohlia sphagnicola (Brid.) Lindb. & Arn. (Webera
sphagnicola Schimp.) Dawson. In fine fruit July 2.
Growing with slender, mostly solitary stems up through
tufts of Sphagnum and Aulacomnium. 'The specimens are
paroicous not dioicous as usually described, with leaves
mostly flat-bordered and entire except a few of the elongated
perichaetial, which are slightly serrulate near apex. It is
undoubtedly closely related to mutans, differing chiefly in the

(122)

slender, elongated stems and more entire leaves. Some of
the perichaetial leaves are only } mm. wide and up to 34
mm. long, without teeth, the margin being slightly sinuate
only toward apex. ‘These specimens agree in inflores-
cence and in every other way with specimens from Green-
land, and labeled sphagnzcola apparently in Schimper’s own
handwriting. Some half dozen other specimens in the
‘¢Garden” collection from Europe and labeled sphagnicola
are very different plants (647).

Pohlia commutata Lindb. (Webera commutata Schimp.)
Lake Lindeman. On sandy bank by stream. This species
may usually be distinguished from our other Wederas, I be-
lieve, by the comparatively broad, short leaves, ovate rather
than lanceolate, mostly 1-4, excepting a few perichaetial,
the only other species approaching it in this respect being
cucullaia, which is paroicous (645).

Pohtia gracilis Lindb. (Webera gracilis De Not.) On
shaded, moist sand bank of the Klondike River just above
Dawson. ‘The specimens are not fruiting but bear abundant
red bulbs in the axils of the leaves, often 4 or 5 on the same
stem. ‘The bulbs measure about .260 by .375 mm. and are
readily observed at some distance by the naked eye. They
are borne on a very short stalk that comes out from the stem
some little distance above the attachment of the leaf (646).

Pohlia proligera Lindb. (Webera proligera (Lindb.)
Kindb.) Lake Lindeman in marshy place. A dioicous, very
pale-colored plant, with elongated, spindle-shaped, more or
less vermicular brood-bodies, clustered in the axils of the
leaves. These bodies are quite variable in size and shape.
They usually consist of several series of cells somewhat twisted
together but apparently always terminating in a single pointed
cell and measure about .020 by .200 mm., or even larger.
The median leaf-cells are about .120 by .008 to .o10 mm.
(803). :

Bryum arcticum B. & S.* Dawson, on earth in rather dry

* The Bryums have all been submitted to M. Philibert for determination

and he has indicated several new species, the descriptions of which, how-
ever, have been drawn up by the author.

(123)

places. The outer plates of the teeth are often nearly square
and up to .o20 mm. high. The lamellae, about 16, are
usually connected below by cross walls, not more than one,
however, between adjoining lamellae. The spores in these
specimens measure up to .028 or .0o30 mm. Upper leaf-cells
large, up to .025 by .o70 mm.

Bryum Brownii B. & S.? (Pohlia bryoides R. Br. ?)
Dawson, on earth about ledges of rock. There seems to be
some confusion with regard to this plant. My specimens are
called a variety, ‘* pzliferum” by M. Philibert, but they are
scarcely or not longer pointed than is shown in Fig. 8a, Tab.
Supp. I, IV., Bryo. Eur. The peristome as figured in this
plate, also, as far as it goes, rather agrees with my speci-
mens, viz., the lamellae are not very numerous (14 to 16) or
close together and the outer plates are comparatively high.
This does not agree with Limpricht’s description, who states
that the lamellae are numerous and close together and basal
plates narrowly rectangular (z to 4), also that the costa of the
leaf is excurrent into a short awn. Inthe Dawson specimens
the 14 or 15 lamellae are joined by 1 to 3 thick cross walls be-
tween the adjacent lamellae and the outer plates are from
twice wider than high to nearly square. Ina packet in the
Columbia Herbarium, are European specimens called Brownz
from Chr. Kaurin, but the lamellae are not connected by
vertical walls and the plants are otherwise different so tha
they certainly are not Brownz7. The same may be said of
Bourgeau’s specimens of ‘‘ The Palliser N. A. Expedition ;
that is, unless true Brownz belongs to a section that does no
have the lamellae connected by cross walls as in pendulum.

The Dawson specimens are synoicous and antoicous, leaf
border of one layer of cells not more thickened than within,
spores roughened, up to .028 mm., leaf-cells below sometimes
pitted (581).

Since writing the above Mrs. Britton has received a letter
from Ernest S. Salmon, in which he gives good reasons for
believing that the type of Pokla bryoides R. Br., is not in
existence. Taking, then, Schimper’s figures in the Bryologia

(124 )

Europea as representing the type of B. Brownzz, it would
seem that the only differences by which this is to be distin-
guished from pendulum (B. cernuum), Plate 331, are the
better developed cilia and the thin, not pitted leaf-cells. We
have lately received from M. Philibert a specimen collected
in Norway and regarded by him as true Brownit. This
shows teeth with about 23 lamellae joined by very thin cross
walls, the outer plates toward base 14 to 24 times wider than
high and 2 or 3 cilia, not appendiculate and irregular, some
of them nearly as long as the segments. Roughened spores
up to about .030 mm. Flowers antoicous, ¢ and 9 very
similar, but the first rather larger. The leaf-cells are thin-
walled, the lower being longer in proportion to width (from 3
to 6 to 1) than in pendulum, in which they are nearly square,
often, in basal angles. The stem leaves are nearly all worn
away and imperfect; a few, however, show points nearly as
long as Schimper’s figure. In any case my Dawson speci-
mens must be referred to pendulum and the others men-
tioned above, except the one from Norway, are not Browniz,
nor is Drummond’s no. 265, so there seems to be no known
American specimens at present.

Bryum pendulum (Hornsch.) Schimp. Dawson, in fine
fruit July 30. Inflorescence, teeth, etc., as given for the pre-
ceding Dawson specimens (582).

Bryum Dawsonense R. S. Williams, sp. nov.

Synoicous and autoicous. Tufts low, 1.5 cm. high, and
dense. Stems branching. Outer perichaetial leaves ovate-
lanceolate, upper stem leaves ovate, about 2.5 mm. long with
costa excurrent the length of 2 or 3 short cells. Lower stem
leaves much smaller and costa not quite percurrent. Leaves
entire, or sometimes minutely serrulate towards apex with
revolute margins from base to near apex or in very young
or lower leaves margins scarcely revolute. Marginal cells
4 down in upper leaves narrowed and much elongated in
3 or 4 rows but only slightly changed toward apex. Inner
perichaetial leaves small, lanceolate pointed, with percurrent
costa. Median leaf-cells rhomboidal to hexagonal, mostly
2 or 3 times longer than broad, about .o50 mm. long. Lower

(125)

cells sometimes pitted. Capsule with’lid up to 2.5 mm. long.
Sporangium oblong, scarcely or not contracted below mouth
and rather abruptly narrowed when dry to the shorter col-
lum. Peristome yellowish below, the lower plates of teeth
mostly twice wider than high, gradually becoming nearly
square above; lamellae 16-18, irregularly connected by 1-3
cross walls between adjoining lamellae; segments narrow
and narrowly perforated, separated by mostly 2 cilia, a little
shorter and often long appendiculate. Annulus broad, of 3
rows of cells. About 3 rows of transversely elongated cells
about mouth of capsule, the cells near middle becoming some-
what rectangular and in collum scarcely elongated and sin-
uous walled, with oblong stomata about .o4o mm. long.
Spores smooth or nearly so, up to .025 mm. (Plate 17.)

Dawson, on damp earth. In good fruit Aug. 28, 1898.
This plant is undoubtedly close to pendulum differing in the
short pointed leaves, more distinctly bordered and in the long
cilia, some of which are finely appendiculate (585).

M. Philibert left me in doubt as to just what he considered
this plant and I have finally ventured to describe it as a dis-
tinct species rather than a variety of pendulum.

Bryum longisetum Bland. Dawson. In good fruit July
31, on swampy ground with Meesea uliginosa. These
specimens have a seta up to 8.5 cm. high. The teeth are
small with only about 12 lamellae not joined by cross walls,
the dorsal plates high (about 1 to 2). Inner peristome free
with narrow segments and very short cilia. Spores large
and nearly smooth, up to.og4o mm. Leaves long-pointed,
costa excurrent for a length of 4 or 5 cells (649).

Bryum conditum R. S. Williams, sp. nov.

Dioicous. Male plants discoid. Tufts up to 3.5 cm.
high. Stems and branches more or less radiculose. Outer
perichaetial leaves oblong-lanceolate, with a gradually nar-
rowed base, up to 4.5 mm. long. Upper stem leaves a
little shorter with broader base, all entire, with costa
excurrent for a length of 3 or 4 cells and a brown revolute
border of thick-walled cells in double layer, confluent with
the costa. Lower stem leaves much smaller with costa van-
ishing. Inner perichaetial leaves very broad, the width very
often equal to }, or more, of the length and costa percurrent.

(126)

Median leaf-cells mostly hexagonal, 2 to 4 times longer than
wide, up to .o7o mm. long. Cell walls rather thick, scarcely
pitted or sometimes distinctly so both above and _ below.
Capsule with lid up to 5.5 mm. long. Sporangium not con-
tracted below mouth, mostly somewhat gradually narrowed
to collum and about equalling it in length. Lid low-convex,
not mamillate. Annulus of 3 or 4 rows of cells. Exostome
pale golden-yellow below with dorsal plates near base 3 to 4
times wider than high and 26 to 28 lamellae on ventral side
not joined by cross walls. Endostome free, with basal mem-
brane extending 4 up, segments broadly pointed with 8 to 10
narrow perforations, well developed cilia broad, solitary, 2
or 3 rows of cells wide, with apex sometimes slightly split or
shorter and imperfect. About three rows of transversely
elongated cells about mouth of capsule, the cells toward
middle becoming rectangular (3 or 4 to 1) and near base
short and irregular with oblong stomata about .o40 mm.
long. Spores smooth, up to.o24 mm. (Plate 18.)

On rocky hillside between Cafion City and Sheep Camp,
on Dyea Creek, March 28, 1898. This plant comes nearest
uliginosum, 1 believe, but differs in the more pointed leaf
with more distinct and revolute border, pitted leaf-cells,
blunt lid, more developed inner peristome and dioicous in-
florescence (578).

This plant was wholly unnamed by M. Philibert, and I
should have been greatly pleased to have given his name to
the species, but it does not seem to be available in this con-
nection.

Bryum cuspidatum Schimp. Dawson. This species has
the costa excurrent into a sharp, denticulate point 4 or 5 cells
in length, a revolute margin of narrow cells, dorsal plates of
exostome 2 or 3 times wider than high, 25 or more lamellae
on ventral surface and smooth spores up to .or4 mm. (586).

Bryum caespiticium L. Marsh Lake. In good fruit June
10 (658).

Bryum Duvalit Voit. Sterile specimens collected at the
head of Lake Bennett (652).

Bryumventricosum Dicks. (B. pseudotriguetrum (Hedw.)
Schwaegr.) Skagway. In fine fruit August 27, on wet
rock (807).

(127)

BrRYUM VENTRICOSUM compAcTuM (B. & S.) Williams.

(B. pseudotriquetrum compactum B. & 8.)

Dawson, July 17, in fine fruit. A much smaller plant
than the species, in very compact tufts. The leaf-cells and
spores seem to be rather smaller also. The medium cells
measure .oo8 mm. wide and .o16 to .025 mm. long, the spores
up to .o1g4 mm. The dorsal plates of teeth are rather narrow,
about 1 to 3 near base, lamellae 30. Cell walls of the leaves
usually seen to be distinctly pitted under a magnification of
300 dia. or more (583).

Bryum submuticum Philibert, sp. nov.

Dioicous. Male flowers bud-like with leaves ovate and
more or less spreading but not reflexed near middle, abruptly
much smaller on stem below. Plants growing in extensive
mats 2 or 3 cm. thick, stems scarcely branched, felted to-
gether with a dense mass of radicles below. Outer peri-
chaetial leaves 24 mm. long, ovate, somewhat acutely pointed
with costa percurrent or excurrent the length of 1 or 2 short
cells, upper stem leaves a little shorter and costa vanishing
just below apex, all entire or nearly so with a distinct revo-
lute border of about 3 rows of long narrow cells near middle,
towards apex the margins flat and cells not much elongated.
Inner perichaetial leaves ovate-lanceolate with costa vanish-
ing just below apex. Median leaf-cells about .035 mm. long
and 3 as broad, lower cells short rectangular (about 1-1} or
2). Cell walls all somewhat thickened but not pitted. Cap-
sule with lid up to 24 mm. long, slightly narrowed under the
mouth, the sporangium gradually narrowed to a shorter col-
lum. Exostome pale yellow below. Plates of teeth narrow
(about 1-3) near base, lamellae from 25-30. Basal mem-
brane of endostome extending } up, the segments broadly
perforated and separated by mostly 3 appendiculate cilia.
Two or 3 rows of transversely elongated cells about mouth
of capsule, the cells near middle broad, often scarcely elon-
gated with somewhat sinuous walls, at base very irregular
and sinuous walled. Oblong stomata about .035 mm. long.

Smooth spores up to .o1g4 mm. Annulus of 4 rows of cells.
(Plate 19.)

This species is quite near the preceding variety but still
smaller and more slender. The leaves are broader, shorter

( 128 )

pointed, more entire, and costa more frequently phigh
just below point (584).

Collected in good fruit July 17, 1899, at Dawson, also at
the mouth of the little Salmon River. The plants form ex-
tensive mats, often many feet across, in low, wet places.

Bryum suborbiculare Philibert, sp. nov.

Apparently dioicous, no male flowers found. Tufts up to
21cm. high. Stems seldom branching. Leaves in 3 or 4
rosettes with innovations starting from their bases. Outer
perichaetial leaves oblong, somewhat acutely pointed, 2 mm.
long, upper stem leaves a little shorter, very broadly ovate,
often obtuse, all entire with costa percurrent or mostly so.
Borders revolute below and of about 3 rows of elongated
cells, toward apex becoming flat and cells scarcely elongated.
Lower leaves small, obtuse, often nearly as broad as long,
with costa vanishing. Inner perichaetial leaves very broadly
ovate-lanceolate, small, with costa vanishing. Median leaf-
cells rhomboidal to hexagonal, from scarcely elongated to
twice longer than broad, up to .o25 mm. long. Cell walls
not pitted. Capsule with lid up to 3 mm. long, broadly obo-
vate, the sporangium gradually narrowing to a very short
collum. Lid low-convex, papillate. Seta up to 24 cm.
high. Exostome with lower dorsal plates narrow (1-3) and
25-30 lamellae on inner face. Endostome free with basilar
membrane extending over 3 up, the segments slender above
and widely perforate with mostly 3 long, finely appendicu-
late cilia between. Annulus of 3 rows of cells. Exothecal
cells about mouth of capsule transversely elongated, in 2 or
3 rows, near middle the cells about twice longer than wide,
toward base irregular, sinuous walled, with stomata about
.035 mm. long. Spores nearly or quite smooth, up to .o16
mm. (Plate 20.)

This small moss is peculiar in having the broad, mostly
obtuse leaves clustered in 3 or 4 rosettes along the stem. It
does not seem to be related very closely to any other Ameri-
can species.

Dawson, growing in swamp with Czncldium and appar-
ently rare. Collected in good fruit, July 2, 1899 (577).

Plagiobryum Zierit (Dicks.) Lindb. (Zzeria julacea
Schimp.) A few sterile specimens collected on earth in
crevices of rock about 1000 ft. above Lake Lindeman (660).

(129)

PLAGIOBRYUM ARGENTEOIDES R. S. Williams sp. nov.

With the appearance of Bryum argenteum. In dense
tufts up tor cm. high. Stems simple or branching, vineous
red, radiculose below, in cross section showing an outer wall
of one layer of irregular, somewhat thick-walled cells, with
ground tissue of very large, thin-walled cells, becoming
smaller toward center and enclosing a distinct central strand.
Leaves concave, appressed, broadly ovate, with short abrupt
point, entire, mostly } mm. long or less or occasionally the
terminal leaves lanceolate pointed and up to 1 mm. long.
Costa vanishing from } to? up. Upper 4 of leaf usually
hyaline. Alar cells and most basal cells square (sides 12 to
16 mm.) to short rectangular (z to 2). Median cells irregu-
larly rhomboidal to oblong-linear, up to .040 or .o50 mm. by
.or2 mm. Cell walls somewhat thickened, especially above.
(Plate 21.)

This species is distinguished from the preceding by its
small size and nerve vanishing far below the apex as well as
by the short, square alar cells. Found on bare rock in dry
places on the Yukon River, just below Dawson, March 19,
1899 (659).

Karl Mueller described in Flora, 70: 221, 1887, a Bryum
bullatum, which he compares with small Plagzvobryum Zier.
As this comparison well fits my plant I was in some doubt as
to the two being distinct, but having lately received a speci-
men of duld/atum from the Mueller collection, through the
kindness of the Berlin authorities, the two plants prove to be
perfectly distinct, du/latum being an Anomobryum (Sclero-
dictyon) as described.

Mnium medium B.& S. Left bank of the Klondike River
just below Bonanza Creek, not common, also collected at
Skagway, growing abundantly under the heavy evergreen
forests. Cell walls thickened and pitted, cells somewhat
elongated, not in oblique rows, stomata immersed (661).

Mnium rugicum Laur. Head of Lake Bennett. In
these specimens the leaf-cells are somewhat obliquely elon-
gated but not inrows. The leaves are narrow at base, not
decurrent and without distinct rectangular basal cells, the
margin with very small irregular teeth or entire (662).

(130 )

Mnium serratum Schrad. Klondike River near mouth of
Bonanza Creek. In fine fruit, June 18. The leaves are
long-decurrent, median cells up to .025 mm. (663).

Mnium orthorrhynchum Brid. Dawson. In good fruit,
July 16. Leaves somewhat decurrent, occasionally long-
decurrent. Median leaf-cells up to about .o16 mm. (664).

Mnium spinulosum B. & S. Lake Lindeman (665).

Mnium cinclidiordes (Blytt.) Hueben. Dawson (666).

Mnium Blyttiit B. & S. Dawson. The sterile specimens
referred here were growing in dense tufts up to 5 cm. high.
The lower stem leaves are very broad and obtuse with mostly
an entire border of one row of cells somewhat elongated and
often nearly disappearing toward apex. The upper leaves
are longer with a distinct border extending to a short pointed
apex and usually bearing a double row of short, blunt teeth.
Leaf-cells somewhat thickened, not pitted, scarcely elongated,
up to .o20 mm. Costa smooth on the back, vanishing 5 or
6 cells below the leaf point. Leaves scarcely or not decur-
rent. JZ. Blyttiz usually has rather long-decurrent leaves
(667).

Mnium punctatum elatum B. & S. Lake Lindeman (668).

Mnium subglobosum B. & S. Lake Lindeman. This
species seems to constantly differ from the preceding in its
inflorescence and peristome. ‘The teeth of the latter are only
about # as large as in Punctatum, most of the dorsal plates
are nearly as high as wide and the lamellae are distant and
only 12 or 14 in number (669).

Mnium hymenophyllum B. & S. Bennett City and Daw-
son. Growing in large, thick tufts in damp and shady or wet
places. This species is very near JZ. hymenophylloides. It
was removed to Cznclidium by Lindberg, and Limpricht has
also placed it there. The only collection cited by the latter
is ‘* Rabenhorst, Bryoth. Eur. No. 246,” which is, at least in
the Columbia University set, not this plant but undoubtedly
hymenophylloides. ‘The only true European specimens of
hymenophyllum examined are labeled ‘‘ 7. hymenophyllum.
Herjedalen. Un. itin. cr.) 1867. Eelibom) (41set 42)."’

(131)

They correspond well with the description and figures in the
Bryologia Europaea and my specimens from the Yukon are
the same. The species may be distinguished from hymeno-
phylloides by the more decurrent leaves, with more rounded
apex and by the much shorter, wider cells in margin on
either side just below the apex. The first 2 or 3 cells on
either side of apical cell of leaf are scarcely elongated, the
next 2 or 3 are rhomboidal, 2 or 3 times longer than wide,
the width being .o20 to .o25 mm. In hAymenophylloides the
second or third cell in margin below the apical cell is about
.O10 mm. wide and 6 to Io times longer than wide (673).

Cinclidium stygium Swartz. Dawson. Common in swampy
places. In fine fruit July 9. The clear, rich red border
of the leaves at once distinguishes this plant from any A/nzum.
The margins are mostly flat and of a single layer of thick-
walled cells. The leaf-cells are obliquely elongated, some-
what in rows, the inner median up to .o50 mm. long. Cell
walls more or less thickened and pitted (6712).

Cinchidium subrotundum Lindb. Head of Lake Bennett
about springs. Tufts up to gcm. high. The leaves are very
similar to the preceding but have a double layer of cells in
the border (672).

Aulacomnium palustre (L..) Schwaegr. Mouth of the
Little Salmon River. Fruiting, June 16 (675).

Aulacomnium palustre imbricatum B. &S. Dawson, very
common in wet places. Plants about the size of furgzdum
(676).

Aulacomnium turgidum (Wahl.) Schwaegr. Sheep Camp,
Dyea Creek, sterile. Dawson, very abundant, fruiting (677).

Timmia cucullata Michx. Yukon River just above Dawson.
Growing at the base of trees. This species is quite distinct
from megapolitana. It occurs in Montana and appears to be
the commonest species of the genus in the eastern United
States. It differs from megapolitana in the wider mouthed
capsule, more curved and smooth when dry, the exothecal
cells, also, are elongated and not sinuous walled, the stomata
roundish, about .048 mm. in diameter, sometimes even

(132)

slightly elongated at right angles to the opening and the
leaves are rather larger and wider above with larger cells and
leaf base narrower (679).

Timmia megapolitana Hedw. Marsh Lake and Klondike
River near mouth. This species seems to grow mostly on
rather dry earth at the base of rock ledges, usually at a some-
what higher elevation than the preceding. The capsule is
nearly straight and furrowed when dry, the exothecal cells
sinuous-walled and not elongated, the stomata oblong to
roundish, up to .o72 mm. long and the leaf-base is usually
wider than above (678).

Timmia Austriaca Hedw. Caiion City, Dyea Creek and
Moose Creek just below Dawson. This species has the leaf-
cells somewhat angular above, as compared with the two
preceding species and vein more or less toothed dorsally to-
ward apex (680).

Psilopilum arcticum Brid. Left bank of Klondike River
just below Bonanza Creek. On damp black soil of hillside.
Not fruiting (682).

Pogonatum alpinum (L..) Roehl. Sheep Camp, Dyea
Creek and Lake Lindeman (683).

Polytrichum gracile Dicks. Yukon River just below White-
horse Rapids (684).

Polytrichum priliferum Schreb. Lake Lindeman (685).

Polytrichum hyperboreum R.Br. Lake Lindeman. This
plant has a white hair-point like the preceding, but grows up
to 8 cm. high or more, with abundant branches. The hyaline
lower cells average somewhat narrower and about twice
longer than in pzlzferum. They are .0o8 to .o12 mm. wide
and up to .160 mm. long (686).

Polytrichum juniperinum Willd. Lake Lindeman (687).

Polytrichum strictum Banks. Sheep Camp, Dyea Creek,
and Lake Lindeman (688).

Polytrichum commune L. Lake Lindeman and Dawson.
At the latter place in fine fruit July 30 (689).

PoLyTRICHUM INCONSTANS Hagen.

Stems slender, up to 8 cm. high, rather uniformly leaved

(133 )

above with a felt of dark red radicles below. Leaves some-
what distant, irregularly spreading, up to 6 mm. long, lance-
olate with costa scarcely or short excurrent and margins
minutely serrulate. Lamellae up to about 24, the median
from 5 to g cells high, terminating in 1 or sometimes 2 cells,
transversely oblong in section, about twice wider than high
and not or scarcely depressed. Blade of leaf-bearing lamellae
on either side of costa of only two layers of cells thick with
cell walls on back of leaf not thickened. Leaf-cells in blade
between base of lamellae and margin of leaf mostly from
.O12 by .016 mm. to .o16 by .o20 mm. (Plate 22.)

These specimens have been compared with specimens of
inconstans Hagen in litt., collected by C. Jensen at Lilleel-
vedal, Norway, lately received from Harold Lindberg, fil.,
and are without doubt the same. ‘The species is peculiar in
the broad terminal cell of the lamellae, often doubled, the thin
cell walls on back of leaf, very small teeth of margin and
short excurrent nerve.

Collected at Lake Lindeman, in swampy places, May 26,
1898 (690).

Dichelyma falcatum (Hedw.) Myrin. Lake Lindeman.
On wet banks. In fine fruiting tufts up to 11 cm. high (692).

Neckera Menziesii Drumm. Cafion City, Dyea Creek
(695). 7
Neckera pennata (L.) Hedw. Sheep Camp, Dyea Creek.
On cotton-wood (694).

NVeckera pterantha C. M. & K. Dawson. Increvices of
rock. Fruiting abundantly. Secondary stems scarcely
branching. Paraphyllia abundant or almost wanting (693).

Pterigynandrum filiforme Hedw. Sheep Camp, Dyea
Creek. On trees (696).

Pterigynandrum jfiliforme decipiens (Web. & Mohr.)
Limpr. Lake Lindeman. Onrock. This variety is darker
colored and grows in larger, looser tufts than the species
with the tips of the stems and branches more curved (697).

Antitrichia curtipendula gigantea Sulliv. & Lesq. Dyea
Creek, on trees. Skagway, on rock. All sterile (698).

Antitrichia Californica Sulliv. Dyea, DyeaCreek. Fruit-
ing (802).

(134)

Myurella julacea (Vill.) B. & S. Head of Lake Bennett.
On rock, sterile. Dawson, about roots of trees in damp
places. In fine fruit, April 23 (7oo).

Myurella apiculata (Hiiben.) B. & S. Dawson. On earth
at foot of rock ledges, in fruit (699).

Leskea tectorum (A. Braun) Lindb. Lake Lebarge and
Dawson. On rock in rather dry places. Determined by Dr.
G. N. Best. This species has smooth, broadly ovate leaves,
with short-lanceolate point. The leaves are very concave,
entire, with margin flat above and recurved below. The
leaf-cells are mostly oval to rhomboidal, seldom more than
twice longer than broad and in margin below slightly trans-
versely elongated. The vein is broad below and extends 4
up the leaf or sometimes shorter and forked above. Sterile
(702).

Pylaisia polyantha (Schreb.) B. & S. Sheep Camp, Dyea
Creek, on wood. Dawson, at base of trees and on rock.
Abundant and fruiting (703).

Entodon orthocarpus (La Pyl.) Lindb. (Cylendrothectum
concinnum Schimp.) Island about 10 miles below Ft. Sel-
kirk. On ground under heavy spruce forest. This species
has before been reported only from Colorado and New-
foundland in North America. It is so like a slender form
of H. Schreberz, however, that it must have been largely
overlooked in this country. The hyaline cluster of rather
small alar cells is sometimes as much as 4 layers of cells in
thickness (789).

Climacium dendroides (L.) Web. & Mohr. Cajion City,
Dyea Creek, Marsh Lake and Klondike River bottom near
mouth. Not found fruiting (705).

Climactum dendrotdes Oregonense R. & C. Shore of Lake
Marsh, on gravel, sterile (706).

flolmgrenia chrysea (Schwaegr.) Lindb. (Orthothectum
chryseum B. & S.) Skagway and Lake Bennett (707).

Pseudoleskea radicosa (Mitt.) Lesq. & James. Lake Linde-
man (656).

Pseudoleskea pallida filescens Best. Head of Lake Ben-
nett (706).

(135)

Pseudoleskea substriata Best. Lake Lindeman, on rock
along shore (657).

Heterocladium procurrens (Mitt.) Rau & Hervey. (Hetero-
cladium aberrans Ren. & Card.) Skagway and Cajion City,
on rock (708).

Thuidium recognitum (Hedw.) Lindb. Yukon River above
Ft. Selkirk and common about Dawson. Not fruiting (709).

Thuidium Philiberte (Philib.) Limpr. Klondike River
bottom near mouth. Sterile. The leaves have a smooth hair-
point up to 6 cells in length, the median leaf-cells near costa
are up to .008 or .o10 mm. in length being about twice longer
in recognitum. Also the papillae are shorter, the leaf margins
smoother, and the cells more angular with thinner walls than
in the latter species (710).

Thucdium abietinum (L.) Br. & Sch. Tagish Custom
House ; also common about Dawson on earth and rock (711).

Thuidium Blandovit (Web. & Mohr) Br. & Sch. At
head of Lake Bennett also near mouth of Bonanza Creek,
in fine fruit July 9 (712).

Claopodium pellucinerve (Mitten) Best. Cafion City,
Dyea Creek. Determined by Dr. G. N. Best. A notice of
this plant has already appeared in the Bryologist, 3: 20,
1900. It is a very slender species with ovate-lanceolate
leaves, the surface densely and minutely papillose and leaf-
cells obscure except in the smooth, slender point (655).

Camptothectum lutescens (Huds.) B. & S. Sheep Camp,
Dyea Creek. On cotton-wood. In these specimens the
vein of the leaf never seems to end in a spine as in European
specimens (713).

Camptothectum nitens (Schreb.) Schimp. Lake Linde-
man, sterile. Mouth of Little Salmon River, in fruit.
Dawson, common and fruiting abundantly. Capsules in
fine condition June 18 (715).

Camptothecitum Nuttallii B. & S. Skagway (714).

Brachythectum salebrosum (Hoffm.) B. & S. Lake Lin-
deman and Dawson (716).

Brachythectum salebrosum densum B. & S. Mouth of

( 136 )

Little Salmon River. I refer specimens here with rather
narrower leaves more closely placed on stems and branches
than in the preceding (717).

Brachythecium albicans (Neck.) B. & S. Skagway, on
rock. Sterile (797).

Brachythecitum Starkei (Brid.) B.& S. Lake Lindeman.
In these specimens the costa extends about 2 up or is shorter
and double (719).

Brachythecium reflexum Starke. Lake Lindeman (718).

Brachythecitum Idahense R. & C. Dawson, on earth and
rock. This species is evidently most closely related to coll-
num from which it is distinguished principally by the nar-
rower leaves. The costa of the leaves near the ends of the
branches terminate in a spine, with the leaf surface on either
side papillose by the projecting upper ends of the cells. This
roughening of the back of the leaf occurs in collinum, but
to a less degree and it makes these two species close to those
of Bryhnia, or rather, brings those species almost too close
to Brachythecium, it would seem. The perichaetial leaves
of both collénum and Jdahense are somewhat variable, usually
rather abruptly acuminate with one or two coarse teeth at
base of acumen (720).

BRACHYTHECIUM PETROPHILUM R. S. Williams sp. nov.

In low, dense tufts or sometimes in thin mats with long
creeping stems and short subpinnate branches. Stem leaves
1.5 mm. long by .¢ mm. wide, narrowly ovate-lanceolate,
about one-half costate, serrulate all round, more or less de-
current and margin reflexed near base, not very concave and
scarcely or not plicate. Median leaf-cells linear flexuous up
to .065 mm. long and .oo5 mm. wide. Alar cells short and
broad not forming a distinct cluster. Branch leaves very
similar to stem leaves but mostly a little smaller, with longer
costa ending in spine on back and adjacent cells sometimes
papillose by the projecting upper ends. Inner perichaetial
leaves pale, ecostate, gradually narrowed to a slender, flexu-
ous, serrulate point, with rarely 1 or 2 coarse teeth at its base.
Capsule nodding, curved, with lid about 2.5 mm. long and 1
mm. broad. Lid conical, its height about equal to basal di-

( 137 )

ameter. Annulus of two rows of cells. Teeth of peristome
hyaline bordered, papillose above, outer plates striate, inner
lamellae about 30, segments without rounded perforations,
more or less split along the keel with mostly 2 appendiculate
cilia between. Seta rough throughout, up to 1.2 cm. high.
Smooth spores up to .o1r mm. (Plate 23.)

Dawson, on rock. In good fruit June 24, 1898 (722).
This species is evidently nearest suberythrorrhizon but dif-
fers in the rough pedicel, leaves narrower, less serrate and
plicate and cilia appendiculate.

Brachythectum erythrorrhizon B. & S. Dawson, on
earth, common. Leaves always more or less falcate-secund,
thus resembling ve/u¢enum more perhaps than any other of
the genus (721).

Cirriphyllum cirrosum (Schwaegr.) Grout. Skagway. In
thick mats on rock by stream. Collected in rather old fruit,
August 27. These specimens have stems up to 11 cm. long.
A few of the capsules still retain the lid which is acutely
conical, a little higher than its basal diameter. The seg-
ments are separated by 1-3 long, nodose cilia. Not before
reported with fruit in North America (794).

Eurhynchium strigosum (Hoffm.) B. & S. Dawson, com-
mon (725).

Eurhynchium stoloniferum (Hook.) Jaeger & Sauerb.
Cafion City, Dyea Creek and Skagway (724).

PoROTRICHUM NECKEROIDES (Schwaegr.) Williams.

(Thamnium neckeroides B. & S.)

Cafion City, Dyea Creek. Lower stem leaves nearly as
broad as long, entire or nearly so, with rounded apex. Costa
rather coarsely toothed above on back in the upper leaves
(726).

Plagiothecium piliferum (Sw.) B. & S. (Hypnum trich-
ophorum Spruce.) Skagway, Cafion City and Lake Linde-
man. In very soft, often thick cushions on rock (727).

Plagiothectum pulchellum (Dicks.) B. & S. Lake Marsh
and Dawson. Common on earth and rock (728).

Plagiothecium denticulatum (L..) B. & S. Head of Lake
Bennett and Dawson (729).

(138 )

Amblystegium filicinum(L.) De Not. (Hypnum filicinum
L.) Head of Lake Bennett, in springs (747).

Amblystegium Sprucet (Br.) B. & S. Dawson, in good
fruit, August 7 (733).

Amblystegium compactum (C. Muell.) Aust. Dawson.
Common (734).

HHypnum hispidulum Brid. Dawson, on logs. In fruit,
July 16. These specimens have the perichaetial leaf rather
short pointed and cilia only occasionally appendiculate (732).

HHypnum chrysophyllum Brid. Dawson (736).

flypnum stellatum Schreb. Head of Lake Bennett and
Dawson (737).

fypnum polygamum (B. & S.) Wils. Klondike River
bottom (738).

flypnum uncinatum Hedw. Caiion City, Dyea Creek,
Lake Lindeman, Lake Lebarge and Dawson (744).

flypnum uncinatum plumulosum Schp. Lake Lindeman,
among boulders in rather dry places (799).

flypnum fluctans L. In swamps near Marsh Lake.
These specimens have leaves minutely serrulate all round,
scarcely decurrent or very narrowly so at angles with costa
from .o50 to .o60 mm. wide at base (about 4 width of leaf
base) and extending 2 up. Median cells .co6 mm. wide and
up to .130 mm. long. Cross section of stem shows 2 or 3
rows of thickened cells in outer wall and a slightly developed
central strand (798).

fTypnum Wilsont Schimp. Middle of Lake Lebarge.
The specimens I refer here are rather short (7 cm. high) with
leaves a little narrower and less recurved than in typical
specimens from Southport, Eng. The Yukon specimens are
more like the specimens figured by Limpricht. All the
specimens have leaves with very long, slender, flexuous or
twisted points and scarcely decurrent angles. Sections of
stem show 3 or 4 rows of thick-walled, golden-yellow cells
next the surface and a central strand not always very dis-
tinct (740).

fTypnum revolvens Swartz. Dawson, common in swamps.

(139)

Sections of stem show at the surface a layer of thin-walled
cells next to several rows of thickened cells and mostly a
central strand of 4 or 5 small cells, sometimes not distinct,
however. The costa is in section plano-convex. Plates of
teeth finely cross-lined (745).

HypNUM AMBLYPHYLLUM R. S. Williams sp. nov.

Dioicous. Growing in water up to 3.5 dm. high, with
mostly short, subpinnate branches hooked at apex. Cross
sections of stem 5-sided with distinct angles, a poorly devel-
oped central strand of 3 or 4 small cells and outer walls of 1
or 2 rows of thickened cells. Leaves below more or less
spreading, flexuous and twisted, toward the tops of the stems
and branches falcate-secund with the tips often abruptly in-
curved. Stem leaves about 2.25 mm. long, serrulate all
round, distinctly long-decurrent, ovate-lanceolate with broad,
obtuse point, not plicate, somewhat concave, especially
toward apex. Costa extending 2 up, slightly convex on
back. Alar cells often inflated nearly to costa and some
small, nearly quadratic cells at margin just above the alar
cells. Medium leaf-cells .005 or .oo6 mm. wide and mostly
.035 to .o60 mm. long. Younger branch leaves narrowly
lanceolate with very short costa. Perichaetial leaves not
plicate, closely sheathing, but little larger or more pointed
than stem leaves, entire, with faint costa extending up % or
more. Setaupto6cm. long. Capsule 2.5 by 1 mm., with
short upright collum, but much curved and nodding above.
Lid acutely conical, its height less than basal diameter. No
annulus. Peristome teeth broadly hyaline bordered above,
outer plates finely punctate below. Basal membrane of en-
dostome scarcely ; the teeth in height with solid segments and
2 or 3 nodose cilia between. Transversely elongated cells
about mouth of capsule in 3 or 4 rows, the cells below
roundish to oblong. Stomata roundish to short oblong, up
to .o40 mm. long. Minutely roughened spores up to .o16
mm. (Plate 24.)

This species is intermediate between exannulatum and
pseudostramineum. From the first it differs in the short,
broadly-pointed leaves, the angular stem with fewer thickened
cells in the outer walls and leaf-cells not pitted. The
second differs in being monoicous, with entire, not decurrent
leaves and not angular stems.

(140) |

Dawson, in swamp water, in fine fruit July 17, 1898 (746).

fTypnum falcatum Brid. About springs at head of Lake
Bennett. Leaves nearly entire or serrulate slightly below.
Median cells about .oo4 mm. wide and .030 to .o60 mm.
long and cell walls all thickened (748).

Hypnum crista-castrensis L. Lake Lindeman and Klon-
dike River bottom. Not found in fruit (750).

Hypnum reptile Michx. Dawson, onrock. Median leaf-
cells .004 by .030-.040 mm., scarcely vermicular, alar cells
short oblong to quadratic. Leaves not decurrent (756).

fHypnum hamulosum B. & S. Dawson. At base of trees
in damp places. These specimens are rather more robust
than usual with longer and more narrowly pointed peri-
chaetial leaves. Cross sections of stem are oval, about .200 by
.160 mm. This is smaller than given by Limpricht (.300-
-350 mm. long), but no. 491, Raben. Bry. Europ., cited by
him, shows sections similar to mine in every way. The thin
outer cells of the stem have the exposed surfaces mostly
sunken in or worn way giving the surface a rough, papillose
appearance in cross section. The thickened cells next the
outer wall are in 3 or 4 rows. Central strand distinct. The
leaves are more or less plicate and border revolute below on
one side (754).

FHypnum subplicatile (Lindb.) Limpr. Lake Lindeman,
on damp rock and earth. This plant is very close to call-
chroum but differs in being rather smaller with regularly pin-
nate branches, leaves wider just above the base and abruptly
narrowed to the insertion and capsule shorter. Cross sec-
tions of stem show an indistinct central strand and walls of a
row of thin outer cells next about 3 rows of thick-walled
cells. Median leaf-cells slightly vermicular, about .oo5 mm.
wide and .o4o-.060 mm. long, alar cells mostly forming a
small but distinct, convex, pale cluster. Stem leaves entire,
borders flat, terminal branch leaves minutely serrulate, peri-
chaetial leaves gradually narrowed to long, serrulate, slender
point.

According to Limpricht this species has been previously col-

" (141)

lected on the island of Sachalin and in eastern Russia (751).

fypnum ctrcinale Hook. Cajion City, Dyea Creek. In
good fruit March 28, on trees. Common at Skagway on
fallen logs. These specimens are dioicous with antheridial
flowers more or less clustered on the stems. The annulus is
simple, composed of pale cells slightly cohering. Median
cells about .o04 by .0o55 mm. Alar cells forming an inflated
cluster. Spores rough, up to .o16 mm. (752).

Hypnum revolutum (Mitt.) Lindb. (AH. plicatile Mitt.)
Lake Lindeman and Lake Marsh. Medium leaf-cells .005
mm. wide and up to about .o4o mm. long, the majority of
cells, however, up to .025 or .030 mm. long. Numerous short
often nearly square alar cells with usually a few hyaline,
somewhat enlarged cells in angles. In cufresszforme the
median cells are about twice longer (757).

flypnum cupressiforme brevisetum Schimp. Lake Marsh,
on rock. The sterile specimens referred here possibly be-
long elsewhere, yet they come very close to this variety,
differing principally from the species in the leaves being
straighter, rather shorter and with somewhat shorter leaf-
cells (758).

flypnum Vauchert Lesq. Dawson at base of tree. This
species is dioicous. The leaves are entire, with flat borders.
Cells in angles small, roundish or nearly square, extending
up for a distance of 10 or 12 cells and in toward costa about
the same amount. Median leaf-cells about .o04 by .030 to
.040 mm. (755).

flypnum Lindbergit elatum Schimp. Lake Lindeman,
in swamps. ‘The specimens referred here have rather longer
pointed leaves than the type with leaf-cells also longer and
narrower, the median cells measuring about .004 by .o80 mm.
The stem leaves are entire, flat bordered, not decurrent with
a convex cluster of more or less inflated alar cells, either pale
or colored. Stem sections oval, .280 mm. long, the outer
row of cells thin-walled, the next 2 or 3 rows thick-walled,
with central strand well developed, of 10 or 12 small cells

(761).

(142)

Hypnum pratense Koch. Dawson, on hummocks in
swamp. Growing in depressed tufts with distichous leaves
and the habits of a Plagiothectum. Stem leaves serrulate or
nearly entire, branch leaves distinctly serrulate towards apex
(730).

Hypnum palustre Huds. Skagway, Lake Marsh and
Miles’ Cafion. The cell walls are somewhat thickened and
linear-vermicular, the median up to .040 mm. long and
scarcely .004 mm. wide. Alar cells mostly forming a distinct
cluster often more or less colored (765 and 767).

Hypnum Bestii Ren. & Bryhn. Skagway. This species
attains a greater size, 15-20 cm., than any other of the Zzm-
nobiums. It has leaves secund, broadly ovate-lanceolate,
with a blunt, slightly serrulate apex. The leaf-cells are
rather irregular and thin-walled except at base, the alar cells
somewhat gradually enlarged or 2 or 3 cells rather abruptly
enlarged at the more or less decurrent angle. This plant is
described as a subspecies of mol//e by Renauld and Bryhn,
but I think it will stand as a distinct species. It differs from
molle in having no central strand. It is a larger species, also,
with stems below wiry and harsh with the bases of the broken-
off leaves. At first glance it more resembles d/atatum but
the latter has much broader, often almost circular leaves and
a distinct, convex cluster of alar cells, as well as central
strand (770).

Hypnum alpinum Schimp. Lake Lindeman. I have
compared these specimens with no. 1348 Rabenhorst, Bryoth.
Eur., the only collection cited by Limpricht, and they are
undoubtedly the same; it may be questioned however,
whether a/pinum is at best anything more than a variety of
dilatatum with slightly more serrulate leaves (771).

Hypnum alpestre Sw. Skagway and Lake Lindeman.
These specimens have a rather broadly ovate, short-pointed
leaf and costa forked near base, with both branches often ex-
tending to or above the middle. The leaf-cells are probably
more uniformly elongated and narrowed, with thicker walls
from base to apex than in any other Limnobium. In older

(143)

leaves the very distinctly inflated cluster of alar cells is ap-
parently always more or less deep red, sometimes the whole
base being colored or even the cell walls up toapex. Young
leaves have alar cells hyaline. Median cells measure .005
mm. wide and up to.o60 mm. long. The leaves are usually
minutely serrulate all round (768 and 769).

Hypnum ochraceum Turn. Dawson, on rock in bed of
stream. The stems of these specimens are rather slender and
elongated, with leaves shorter and broader-pointed than in
typical specimens. The hyaline alar cells are more decur-
rent, I believe, than any other species of the group. The
outer wall of the stem consists of a single layer of large, thin-
walled cells next several rows of thickened cells (772).

Hypnum polare Lindb. Lake Lindeman. Growing along
low wet shore. This species is distinguished from any of
our others by the ovate-oblong leaves, with stout nerve, very
convex on the back, vanishing just below the apex and becom-
ing as wide or wider above the middle than at the middle.
Alar cells scarcely enlarged or forming a distinct cluster.
The plant has been previously collected in several localities
in Europe and also in Greenland (773).

HHypnum cordifolium Hedw. Klondike River bottom near
mouth. I refer specimens here having scarcely branched
stems, alar cells not forming quite so distinct a convex group
as in the next and other leaf-cells perhaps a little wider, none
of the assigned differences between this and gzganteum seem
very constant however (774).

Hypnum giganteum fluitans Klinggr. In still water of
small stream flowing into Marsh Lake. These specimens
are the largest I have seen, the leaves measuring 4.5 by 3
mm. The leaves on lower stem are distant, the branches
mostly few, short and irregularly placed (775).

HHypnum sarmentosum Wahl. In small pond by snow
banks about 1000 feet above Lake Lindeman (776).

fypnum sarmentosum fontinalordes Berggrn. Bonanza
Creek near mouth. On rocks in the bottom of a small
stream. This is a variety with long, slender stems and

(144)

larger leaves often all green or partly green and partly pur-
ple. These specimens have the cell walls less thickened and
pitted than in the species (777).

Hypnum Richardsoni (Mitt.) Lesq. & James. Dawson in
swamps. In fine fruit July 27. This species is distin-
guished from cordatum and giganteum, the two most closely
related, I believe, by the shorter nerve, extending only 2 or ?
up and often forking in the upper part. The perichaetial
leaves are ecostate to faintly 3 costate (778).

HHypnum Schrebert Willd. (Hylocomium parcetinum (L.)
Lindb.) Lake Lindeman and Dawson, not fruiting (779).

Hypnum stramineum Dicks. Lake Lindeman (780).

Hypnum turgescens (Jensen) Schimp. Just below White-
horse Rapids in dried-up swamp. Growing in broad de-
pressed mats (781).

Hypnum turgescens uliginosum Lindb. In swamps with
the preceding. This variety has elongated stems and dis-
tant, more or less spreading leaves (782).

fypnum badium Hartmann. On margin of pond just be-
low snow banks about 1000 feet above Lake Lindeman, also
at Dawson on wet, shady bank. From the remarks in Les-
quereux & James’ manual that ‘‘ It is considered by Mueller to
be a form of 4. revolvens,” one would suppose the leaves to
be somewhat similar to that species, but in fact they are very
distinct. The median leaf-cells are only about 4 as long
(.040 to .o60 mm.), the cell walls are thicker except at the
points where the rounded ends overlap, where they become
very thin and the leaf is differently shaped. In dadium the
widest part of the leaf is near the middle and gradually
tapers to a base only about 3 as wide. Above the leaf tapers
rather abruptly to a sharp point. In revolvens the leaf base
is wider, the leaf above tapers gradually to a long, slender
point and the basal cells are much less differentiated. In
badium there are usually one or two rows of well-defined, en-
larged, oblong cells at base with occasionally an almost in-
flated cluster in the angles. It is a plant of northern distri-
bution, having been previously collected in Norway, Sweden,
Greenland and Labrador (795).

(145 )

Hypnum scorpioides L. (Scorpidium scorpiotdes (L.)
Limpr.) Just above Lake Lindeman in blackish mats almost
covering the bottom of a.small pond 12 or 15 inches below
the surface. The plants have the appearance of great age,
most of the leaves being worn into shreds (783).

flypnum scorpiotdes gracilescens Sanio. In dried-up
swamp a few miles below White-horse Rapids, covering ex-
tensive areas with a mat up to 18 cm. thick. The stems are
slender, with short, distant branches and leaves distantly
placed (793).

fylocomium proliferum (L.) Lindb. (H. splendens Hedw.)
Lake Lindeman, Thirty-mile River and Dawson. An
abundant species occasionally fruiting. Plants variable in
size and color, the long stems sometimes scarcely branching
(784).

flylocomium Pyrenaicum (Spruce) Lindb. (H. Oakesii
Sulliv.) Lake Lindeman, on rock (785).

flylocomium squarrosum (L.) B. & S. Lake Lindeman
(786).

flylocomium triquetrum (L.) B. & S. Yukon River below
Ft. Selkirk and Klondike River bottom near mouth. Not
apparently very common (787).

flylocomium loreum L. Caiion City, Dyea Creek and
Skagway. Not observed on the Yukon River (788).

flylocomium rugosum(Ehrh.) De Not. (Hypnum rugosum
L.) Lake Marsh and. Mile’s Cajfion, sterile specimens abun-
dant. Dawson, not rare in fruit (794).

Description of Plates.
Camera lucida drawings reproduced without reduction.

PLATE 15. Ditrichum giganteum.

Figs. I and 2. Plants, natural size.

Fig. 3. Capsule enlarged.
Fig. 4. Perichaetium, 9.
Fig. 5. Inner perichaetial leaf enlarged.

Fig. 7. Part of peristome and capsule, 285.

3
4
5
Fig. 6. Apex of stem leaf, 285.
7
Fig. 8. Marginal cells % down leaf, « 285.

(146)

Fig, 9. Upper stem leaf, 12.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

10.
TZ:
12.
TS.
14.

I
2
3.
4
5

Cells of basal angle, * 285.

Part of annulus, * 285.

Cells near middle of capsule, <’285.
Perigonial Jeaf and antheridium enlarged.
Stoma, 285.

PLATE 16. Bryobrittonia pellucida.

. Plant about natural size.
. Upper stem leaf, « 8.

Lower stem leaf, < 8.

. Cross section of leaf, & 160.
. Cross section of stem, 160. a@, section of costa at point where

it joins stem; 6, a radicle growing out from stem; ¢, lower part of costa
where it is wholly adnate to stem.

Fig. 6. Apex of leaf, 285.

Fig. 7. Leaf cells at margin a little above the base, 285.

Fig. 8. Cross section of costa, I60.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

Fig

Ss

Fig

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

PA DARY WH

Le)
ie}

La
Now

1
&

OoNr aN Bw NH

9.

Io.
ke

PLATE 17. Bryum Dawsonense.

. Plant, natural size.

Outer perichaetial leaf, * 12.
Upper stem leaf, 12.
Lower stem leaf, 12.
Inner perichaetial leaf, & 12.

. Capsules, moistened, & 8.

Annulus, 160.
Exothecal cells a little above the middle, * 160.

. Stoma, 160.

. Peristome and part of capsule, 160.
. Leaf border near middle. X 160.

. Apex of upper leaf, 160.

. Median leaf-cells, 160.

PLATE 18. Bryum conditum.

. Plant ¢, about natural size.
. Plant 9, about natural size.

Outer perichaetial leaf, & 12.

Upper stem leaf, X 12.

Capsules showing variations in size, & 8.
Lower stem leaf, 12.

. Part of annulus, X 160.
. Median Jeaf-cells, > 160.

Inner perichaetial leaf with archegonium, & 12.
Inner perigonial leaf with antheridium, 12.
Part of peristome, > 160.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

”

Ont ann &&® NH

ae

(147 )

. 12, Exothecal cells just above the middle, 160.
. Apex of perichaetial leaf, 80.

14. Cross section of upper leaf, 160.

PLATE 19. Bryum submuticum.

. Plant, natural size.
. Outer perichaetial leaf, 20.
. Upper stem leaf, X 20.

Inner perichaetial leaf and archegonium, X 20.

. Capsules, X II.

. Part of annulus, * 160.

. Apex of outer perichaetial leaf, & 160.

. Inner perigonial leaf with antheridium, 20.
. Part of peristome, X I60.

. Marginal cells of leaf 4 down, 160.

. Median leaf-cells, 160.

. Perigonium, X 10.

. Stoma, X I60.

. Exothecal cells about % down, X 160.

PLATE 20. #ryum suborbiculare.

. Plant, natural size.
. Outer perichaetial leaf, 20.

Upper stem leaf, 20.
Lower stem leaf, 20.
Inner perichaetial leaf and archegonium, 20.

. Capsules, X 9.

. Apex of perichaetial leaf, 160.

. Part of peristome, 160.

. Stoma, X 160:

. Part of annulus, * 160.

. Marginal cells % down leaf, & 285.
. Apex of stem leaf, x 160.

Exothecal cells % down capsule, 285.

PLATE 21. Plagiobryum argenieotdes.

. Terminal stem leaf, 50.
. Terminal stem leaf, X 50.

Lower stem leaf, X 50.
Cross section of stem, 205.

. Apex of leaf, & 205.

. Base of leaf on one side, & 205.

. Leaf of P. Zerit corresponding to number 2, 50.

. Basal cells of same corresponding to number 6, X 205.

PLATE 22. Lolytrichum inconstans Hagen.

. Leaf, X 9.
. Cross section of stem, * 160.

(148 )

Fig. 3. One half cross section of leaf, & 285.
Fig. 4. Marginal cells % down leaf, 285.
Fig. 5. Upper part of stem, about natural size.
Fig. 6. Apex of leaf, < 80.
PLATE 23. Brachythecium petrophilum.
Fig. 1. Plant, about natural size.
Fig. 2. Stem leaf, 4o.
Fig. 3. Branch leaf, 4o.
Fig. 4. Perichaetial leaf, < 4o.
Fig. 5. Capsules, < 9.
Fig. 6. Part of peristome, 160.
Fig. 7. Part of annulus, 160.
Fig. 8. Alar cells, 160.
Fig. 9. Apex of leaf, 285.
Fig. 10. Exothecal cells near middle of capsule, X 160.

Fig. 11. Stoma.

Fig. 12. Section of pedicel near middle, showing papillae, & 285.
Fig. 13. Median leaf-cells, 285.
PLATE 24. Harpidium amblyphyllum.
Fig. 1. Stem leaf, 12.
Fig. 2. Branch leaf, < 12.
Fig. 3. Capsules, < Io.
Fig. 4. Perichaetial leaf, 12.
Fig. 5. Apex of stem leaf, X 285.
Fig. 6. Cross section of stem, X I60.
Fig. 7. Part of peristome, < 160.
Fig. 8. Median leaf-cells, < 285.
Fig. 9. Base of leaf on one side, 285.
Fig. 10. Stoma, > 160.

3. ae Enumeration of the Pteridophytes Collected by:R. S. Williams
and J. B. Tarleton.

By lL. M. UNDERWOOD.

Family OPHIOGLOSSACEAE.
Botrychium Lunaria LL. Dawson (Williams).

Family PoLYPoDIACEAE.

Polypodium vulgare L. Skagway (Williams); 50 miles
above Stewart River (Tarleton).

Filix fragilis (L..) Underw. (Cystopteris fragilis Bernh.)
Dawson and near mouth of the Klondike (Williams) ;
miles above Stewart River (Tarleton).

(149 )

Filix montana (Lam.) Underw. (Cystopter’s montana
Bernh.) Klondike-Indian Divide (Tarleton).

Dryopteris fragrans (L..) Schott. Dawson; Marsh Lake
(Williams); 50 miles above Stewart River (Tarleton).

Phegopteris Dryopteris (L.) Fee; 50 miles above Stewart
River (Tarleton).

Phegopteris Robertiana (Hoffm.) A. Br. Dawson, and
near mouth of Klondike (Williams).

Family EQuisETACEAE.
Equisetum sylvaticum L. Foot of Lake Lindeman (Wil-
liams).
Family LycopopiAcEAE.
Lycopodium Selago L. Lindeman (Williams); Klondike-
Indian Divide (Tarleton).
Lycopodium annotinum L. Lindeman (Williams) ; 50 miles
above Stewart River (Tarleton).
Lycopodium alpinum L. Lindeman (Williams); Klon-
dike-Indian Divide (Tarleton).
Lycopodium clavatum L. Lindeman (Williams).

Family SELAGINELLACEAE.
Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring. Mountain side, Daw-
son (Williams; Tarleton).
Selaginella selaginoides (L..) Link. Lindeman (Williams).

4. An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants Collected by R. S.
Williams and by J. B. Tarleton.

By N. Ll. BRITTON AND P. A. RYDBERG.

The collection of specimens made by Mr. J. B. Tarleton
in the valley of the Yukon during the summer of 1899 is the
property of the United States National Museum. It supple-
ments that made by Mr. Williams by a considerable number
of species and the specimens have in nearly all cases been
ample enough to permit a duplicate to be taken for the
Garden Herbarium; the types of all the species proposed as
new have been so divided.

(150)

Family PINACEAE.

Pinus Murrayana Balf. Five-finger Rapids (Williams) ;
twenty miles above Ft. Selkirk (Tarleton).

Juniperus nana Willd. Dawson; Marsh Lake (Williams) ;
Lake Lebarge (Tarleton).

Juniperus prostrata Pers. Near Selkirk (Williams) ;
Lebarge Island (Tarleton).

Tsuga Mertenstana (Bong.) Sargent. Long Lake. Re-
duced to a low bush (Williams).

Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sargent. Skagway (Williams).

Family SPARGANIACEAE.
Sparganium minimum Fries. Klondike bottom (Williams).

Family SCHEUCHZERIACEAE.

Triglochin maritima L. Lebarge Island (Tarleton).
Triglochin palustris L. Above Ft. Selkirk (Tarleton).

Family GRAMINEAE.*

Beckmannia erucaeformis (L..) Host. Slough below Rink
Rapids (Williams.)

Savastana alpina (Sw.) Scribn. White Pass. (Williams.)

Savastana odorata (L.) Scribn. Thirty-mile River.
(Williams); Lebarge Island (Tarleton).

Stipa comata Trin. Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Phleum Haenkeanum Presl.? Dawson, introduced (Wil-
liams). Mr. Williams regards this as merely introduced. It
has the spike of P. alpznum L., but it is a taller and more
slender grass, and the awns are much shorter than the empty
scales. It differs from P. pratense L. in the much larger
spikelets and the broader spike, but resembles it in the short
awn of the empty scales. It has been provisionally referred
as above, although with considerable doubt, as Presl gives a
very short description of his species, hardly sufficient to defi-
nitely identify it. He states, however, that it is related to P.
alpinum L.., but differs in the shorter awns, and it is on this
that I have doubtfully referred it to his species.

* By George V. Nash.

(151)

Alopecurus geniculatus L. Ft. Selkirk (Tarleton).
Alopecurus alpinus J. E. Smith. Ft. Selkirk (Tarleton),

ARCTAGROSTIS ANGUSTIFOLIA Nash, sp. nov.

A rather leafy perennial, with long running rootstocks.
Culms erect, rather slender, 10-12 dm. tall, bracted at the
base, the bracts gradually passing into leaves: leaves 3 or
4; sheaths, at least all but the lowermost, shorter than the
internodes, roughened at the summit; ligule scarious, 5-6
mm. long, decurrent on the sheath; blades apparently lax,
rough on both surfaces, 2-3 dm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, long-
acuminate: panicle rather slender, contracted, nodding at
the apex, 2—2.5 dm. long, its axis smooth, the fasciculate,
somewhat hispidulous, branches appressed, the larger ones
4-6 cm. long and naked at the base: spikelets numerous,
about 3 mm. long, on hispidulous pedicels usually about 0.5
mm. long; empty scales acute, 1-nerved, or the second some-
times with an additional lateral nerve on each side of the
base, the first scale about two-thirds as long as the second
which is usually a trifle shorter than the palet; flowering
scale acute, about 3 mm. long, strongly hispidulous, usually
I-nerved, or rarely with a very obscure lateral nerve on each
side, in side view lanceolate and about 0.5 mm. wide; palet
slightly shorter than the scale or equalling it, faintly 2-nerved,
strongly hispidulous; stamens 3, about 1.5 mm. long.

Type collected by R. S. Williams on damp mountain side
among brush at Dawson, on August 14, 1899; also secured
near Big Salmon, on August 22. Resembling A. poaeordes
described below, and A. arundinacea (Trin.) Beal in the
basal bracts, from both of which, however, it is clearly dis-
tinct in its taller and more slender culms and slender panicle,
and the narrow flowering scales, which characters, together
with its long lax leaves, at once separate it from A. poaeordes.

ARCTAGROSTIS MACROPHYLLA Nash, sp. nov.

A rather leafy perennial, with a running rootstock. Culms
rather stout, 4-8 dm. tall, erect; leaves usually 3 or 4;
sheaths rather loosely embracing the culm, the lower ones
overlapping and exceedingly rough; ligule scarious, 4-5
mm. long, decurrent on the sheath; blades erect, very rough
on both surfaces, 2-4 dm. long, 8-12 mm. wide, long-acu-
minate: panicle contracted, 1.5—2 dm. long, its axis and erect
branches rough, the fasciculate branches of varying length,

(152)

the larger 6-10 cm. long and naked at the base: spikelets
numerous, about 4 mm. long, on hispidulous pedicels 1.5
mm. long or less; empty scales acute, the first scale 1-nerved,
about two-thirds as long as the 3-nerved second which is usu-
ally about four-fifths as long as the palet; flowering scale
about 3.5 mm. long, 5-nerved, the midnerve hispidulous, the
two lateral nerves on each side very obscure and sometimes
hardly discernible, acute, strongly hispidulous, in side view
oblong and about 0.8 mm. wide; palet faintly 2-nerved,
strongly hispidulous, from a little shorter than the scale to
equalling it; stamens 3, oblong-linear, about 2 mm. long;
stigmas 2, plumose.

Type collected by R. S. Williams in wet springy places on
mountain sides, Dawson, July 14, 1899. Also collected by
F. Funston along the Yukon River, in August, 1893, no. 159,
and distributed as A. arundinacea Trin. It is quite distinct
from that species, being taller and having larger and very
rough leaves, and lacking the prominent pointed bracts at
the base of the culm which gradually pass into leaves, as in-
dicated by Trinius in his Spec. Gram. Icon. & Descrip. Dl.
55. There is material in the herbarium of Columbia Uni-
versity from Kotzebue’s Sound, the type locality of the Vzlfa
arundinacea Trin., exactly matching this figure.

ARCTAGROSTIS POAEOIDES Nash, sp. nov.

A somewhat tufted perennial, with a branching running
rootstock. Culms 6-8 dm. tali, erect, bracted at the base,
the bracts gradually passing into leaves: leaves about 4;
sheaths striate, shorter than the internodes, very rough;
ligule scarious, 4-5 mm. long, decurrent on the sheath;
blades erect, stiff, exceedingly rough on both surfaces, long-
acuminate, 1.5-2.5 dm. long, 5-6 mm. wide: panicle about
1.5 dm. long, contracted, its axis almost smooth, the fas-
ciculate erect hispidulous branches varying in length, the
larger 3-4 cm. long and naked below: spikelets numerous,
2.5-3 mm. long, on somewhat hispidulous pedicels usually
less than 1 mm. long; empty scales acute, the first scale
I-nerved, about two-thirds as long as the 3-nerved second
which is usually about four-fifths as long as the palet; flow-
ering scale usually a little less than 3 mm. long, strongly
hispidulous, 5-nerved, the midnerve hispidulous, the two

(153)

lateral nerves on each side very obscure, acute in side view,
oblong-lanceolate and about 0.8 mm. wide; palet faintly
2-nerved, strongly hispidulous, usually about equalling the
scale; stamens 3, oblong-linear, about 2 mm. long; stigmas
2, plumose.

Type collected by R. S. Williams on mountain side at
Dawson, July 14, 1899. Also obtained at Cumberland
House, on the Saskatchewan River, in the Lake Winnipeg
region, and communicated to Torrey by Hooker, and bear-
ing the number 105. Resembling A. arundinacea (Trin.)
Beal in the bracts at the base, but it is a taller and much
rougher plant with a more contracted panicle and smaller
spikelets.

Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. Dawson, August 13
and 23, 1899 (Williams), referred for the present to this
complex species.

CALAMAGROSTIS ATROPURPUREA Nash, sp. nov.

A tall perennial with a rather stout long rootstock and deep
purple contracted panicle. Culms 8-12 dm. tall, erect,
smooth, or a little roughened just below the panicle: leaves
about 5; sheaths striate, somewhat roughened, especially to-
ward the apex, rather loosely embracing the culm; ligule
scarious, about 5 mm. long; blades erect, flat, strongly rough-
ened, long-acuminate, 1-2 dm. long, 3-5 mm. wide: panicle
contracted, about 1 dm. long, its branches and their divisions
extremely hispidulous, erect, the larger ones 2-4 cm. long, not
spikelet-bearing below: spikelets numerous, 3.5 mm. long,
lanceolate, acute; empty scales strongly strigose, deep
purple, acuminate, rounded on the back, the first scale 1-
nerved, equalling or slightly longer than the 3-nerved second ;
flowering scale about 2.8 mm. long, usually deep purple at the
base, 5-nerved, the nerves converging above and indistinctly
excurrent, the strongly hispidulous rather stout awn inserted
about the middle and extending to or considerably beyond the
apex of the scale; callus-hairs rather copious, in two lateral
tufts, generally a little exceeding the scale; rudiment about
o.5 mm. long, its hairs extending to the apex of the scale;
palet about two-thirds as long as the scale.

On wooded hillsides, Dawson, July 14, 1899 (R. S.

Williams). Related to C. Scrzbnerz Beal, but the much

(154)

longer callus-hairs and the deep purple color of the panicle
readily distinguish it.

Calamagrostis Canadensts acuminata Vasey. Dawson,
July 14, 1899; Klondike City, July 23, 1899; Bennett City,
August 25, 1899 (Williams).

Calamagrostis Lapponica (Wahl.) Hartm. Dawson, July
13, 1899 (Williams). This exactly matches a specimen in the
herbarium of Columbia University from Wahlenberg, labeled
Arundo Lapponica. It has long been uncertain whether we
had this species in this country, but this collection definitely
settles the point, if the specimen from Wahlenberg, above
referred to, is typical of his species, the original description,
however, calling for a taller plant. The grass secured by
Mr. Williams is a tufted perennial with culms erect and 3-4
dm. tall, the innovations being about one-third as long as the
culm with their leaf-blades very narrow and often involute:
panicle contracted, 7-9 cm. long and 1 cm. or a little more
wide, its branches erect: spikelets about 5 mm. long, purple
toward the apex, the flowering scale a little exceeding the
copious basal hairs and with a rather stout awn inserted at or
near the middle and about reaching the apex of the scale.

CALAMAGROSTIS YUKONENSIS Nash, sp. nov.

A tall slender perennial with a slender running rootstock,
narrow leaf-blades, and marcescent basal sheaths. Culms
8-10 dm. tall, erect, the innovations nearly one-half as long
as the culms: culm-leaves 2; sheaths very rough, much
shorter than the internodes; ligule scarious, about 5 mm.
long, decurrent on the sheath; blades gray-green, erect or
ascending, long-acuminate, very rough on the lower sur-
face, the upper surface strongly pubescent with short hairs,
the longer blades on the innovations about 3 dm. long and
2 mm. wide, those on the culm 1-2 dm. long and 3-4 mm.
wide: panicle 8-15 cm. long, contracted, its apex sometimes
nodding, the branches erect, fascicled, strongly hispidulous,
the longer ones 3-4 cm. long, naked at the base: spikelets
numerous, on strongly hispid pedicels usually 1-2 mm. long ;
empty scales hispidulous, strongly so on the prominent keel,
very acute, yellowish, variegated with purple, the first scale
5-6 mm. long, 1-nerved, or sometimes with a short lateral

(155)

nerve on each side near the base, broader than and a little
exceeding the 3-nerved second; flowering scale strongly his-
pidulous, 4-5 mm. long, 5-nerved, the nerves usually excur-
rent in short awns, the dorsal awn inserted about one-quarter
way from the base of the scale, its column yellowish brown,
closely spiral and about reaching the apex of the scale where
it is strongly bent, the divergent portion much exserted and
5-6 mm. long; palet a little shorter than the scale, irregu-
larly and finely toothed at the apex, 2-nerved, the nerves
sometimes barely excurrent; callus with a tuft of hairs on
each side about 0.5 mm. long, the dorsal portion naked:
rudiment 4 to } as long as the scale, pubescent with erect
hairs 1 mm. or a little less long, sometimes bearing an awn.

Type collected by R. S. Williams in dry soil in open
places at Dawson. There is also a specimen in the herba-
rium of Columbia University collected by Kennicott on the
Yukon River, but with no other data. Related to C. Tweedy
Scribn., but its more slender culms and narrower more open
panicle, long and narrow leaf-blades with the upper surface
pubescent, and the smaller spikelets readily separate it.

Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Br.? An unusual loose-
panicled form with large anthers, fully 3 mm. long. It may
be undescribed. Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahl.) Scheele. White Pass,
August 26, 1899 (Williams). The branches of the panicle
are exceedingly long, much longer than in the typical form,
the lower ones being 10-12 cm. long, spikelet-bearing only
at the summit, and drooping. The spikelets, however, are
identical with those of the common form.

Deschampsia caespitosa (Li.) Beauv. Dawson (Williams).

Deschampsia calycina Pres]. Dawson (Williams). Re-
garded by the collector as introduced.

TRIsETUM ALASKANUM Nash, sp. nov.

A tufted pubescent perennial with the innovations about
one-half as long as the culms. Culms 2-4 dm. tall, stout,
ascending, densely villous with reflexed hairs: leaves 2;
sheaths loose, pubescent with soft reflexed hairs; ligule
scarious, about I mm. long; blades lax, pubescent with soft
spreading hairs, those on the culm 8-10 cm. long, 3-4 mm.

«

(156 )

wide, those on the innovations narrower and longer: panicle
contracted, strict, 4-5 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. thick, its axis and
appressed branches pubescent with long hairs, the branches
spikelet-bearing to the base, the larger ones 1-1.5 cm. long:
spikelets 6-7 mm. long, crowded, 2—3-flowered ; empty scales
brownish or yellowish brown, strongly hispidulous on the
keel, sparingly so on the surface, the midnerve excurrent in
a short point, the first scale 1-nerved, the second 3-nerved ;
flowering scales strongly hispidulous, not exserted, the callus
pubescent with hairs about 0.25 mm. long, acute, shortly 2-
toothed at the apex, the teeth awn-pointed, the awn inserted
about one-third way down, stout, hispidulous, finally strongly
reflexed, about the length of the scale; palet about four-fifths
as long as the scale, 2-toothed at the apex.

On steep open hillsides, Skagway, August 28, 1899
(Williams). Related to 7. swbspicatum (L.) Beauv., but the
larger spikelets with their included flowering scales at once
distinguish it from.any form of that species.

Trisetum subspicatum (L.) Beauv. Dawson (Williams).

Trisetum subspicatum molle (Michx.) A. Gray. Summit
of White Pass (Williams) ; Ft. Selkirk (Tarleton).

Trisetum sp. Five-finger Rapids, Aug. 21, 1899 (Wil-
liams). This is probably undescribed, but the parts of the
spikelets are so abnormally large, owing to its infestation by
nematode worms, that its description as new is not war-
ranted.

Avena sativa L. Dawson. Introduced (Williams).

Poa arctica R. Br. Klondike Bottom (Williams).

Poa nemoralts L. Dawson (Williams).

Poa nemoralis L.. ? Dawson (Williams).

Poa nemoralis L.? Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Poa pratensis L. Rink Rapids (Williams).

Poa Witutamsit Nash, sp. nov.

A tufted smooth and glabrous perennial, the innovations
apparently intravaginal and much shorter than the culm.
Culms 1.5-2 dm. tall, erect or ascending: leaves I or 2;
sheaths striate; ligule scarious, about 2.5 mm. long; blades
erect, about 2 mm. wide, acuminate, those on the culm 2-4
cm. long, those on the innovations sometimes longer: panicle

(157)

4-6 cm. long, its branches ascending, the larger ones 2-2.5
cm. long, spikelet-bearing above the middle: spikelets longer
than their pedicels, in 2’s—4’s on the larger branches, varie-
gated with yellowish brown and purple, 3—4-flowered, 5-6
mm. long; empty scales acuminate, hispidulous on the keel
above the middle, the first scale 1-nerved, the second 3-
nerved at the base, the lateral nerves vanishing below the
apex, the first scale about three fourths as long as the second
which is a little shorter than its adjacent flowering scale;
flowering scale acute, hispidulous on the midnerve above the
middle, cobwebby at the base, the lower ones about 4.5 mm.
long, 5-nerved, the midnerve and lateral nerves prominent,
densely pubescent below the middle with silky hairs, the in-
termediate nerves rather faint, sometimes sparingly pubes-
cent, the internerves hispidulous at the apex and minutely
pubescent toward the base; palet a little shorter than the
scale, 2-keeled, the keels hispidulous.

Along a brook, summit of White Pass, R. S. Williams,
Aug. 26, 1899. Related to P. arctica R. Br., but distin-
guished by its innovations and the narrower acute flowering
scales.

Colpodium pendulinum (Vahl) Griseb. Mouth of Klon-
dike (Williams).

Panicularia pulchella Nash sp. nov.

A leafy glabrous perennial, apparently with a running root-
stock. Culms 4-5 dm. tall, stout, smooth: leaves crowded ;
sheaths overlapping and loose, rough; ligule scarious, 2-2.5
mm. long; blades erect, rough, long-acuminate, 1.5—-2 dm.
long, 2.5-5 mm. wide: panicle loose and open, 1.5—2.5 dm.
long, its smooth more or less flexuous slender dividing
branches ascending or nearly erect, the larger ones 8-11
cm. long, naked toward the base: spikelets longer than their
pedicels, 5-6 mm. long, 4—6-flowered; empty scales brown-
ish, scarious margined, irregularly toothed at the rounded or
obtuse apex, much shorter than their adjacent flowering
scales, the first scale 1-nerved, shorter than the second which
is 3-nerved at the base; flowering scales usually purple, witha
broad hyaline margin above the middle, strongly but minutely
hispidulous, oval when spread out, prominently 7-nerved,
obscurely and irregularly toothed at the rounded apex, the
lower ones about 3 mm. long; palet slightly shorter than the
scale.

(158)

Type collected by R. S. Williams in low marshy ground
in river bottoms near White River, Aug. 17, 1899. Also
secured by Messrs. Onion, Kennicott and Hardisty in 1861-
62. It has somewhat the appearance of low forms of P.
paucifiora (Presl) Kuntze, but it is stouter and more leafy,
and the flowering scales are longer and not truncate at the
apex as in that species. ‘The deep purple of the flowering
scales makes a strong contrast with their broad white hyaline
margins, giving the spikelets a beautiful and striking appear-
ance.

Festuca Altaica Trin. Hillsides at Dawson, June 25 and
July 13, 1899; White Pass, August 26, 1899 (Williams).
This is closely related to /. scabrella Torr., differing in its
more acuminate flowering scales, but otherwise strongly re-
sembling it. Should it prove the same, Torrey’s name must
be considered a synonym, it having been published several
years later than that of Trinius.

Festuca ovina polyphylla Vasey. Skagway (Williams).

Bromus Pumpellianus Scribn. Dawson (Williams); Ft.
Selkirk (Tarleton).

Bromus racemosus LL. Dawson. Introduced (Williams).

Agropyron Richardsont Schrad. Dawson (Williams).

Agropyron spicatum tenuispicum (S. & S.) Rydberg.
Dawson (Williams).

Agropyron tenerum Vasey. River bank opposite Dawson
(Williams).

Hordeum nodosum L.. Dawson. Introduced (Williams).

Elymus arenarius L. Skagway (Williams).

Family CyPERACEAE.

Eriophorum polystachyon L. Mouth of Klondike (Wil-
liams).

Eriophorum vaginatum L. Dawson; below White Horse
Rapids; Klondike River Bottom (Williams); Five-finger
Rapids (Tarleton).

Carex vesicarta L. Dawson; Klondike River Bottom

(Williams).

(159)

Carex saxatilis L. Thirty-mile River (Williams).

Carex Graham? Boott. Near Stewart River (Williams).

Carex alpina Sw. Dawson (Williams); White Horse
Rapids (Tarleton).

Carex Gmelint Hook. Skagway (Williams).

Carex stylosa Drejer. Mouth of Bonanza; also a speci-

men doubtfully referred to this species from Dawson Swamp
(Williams).
Carex Yukonensis Britton sp. nov.

Group of C. caespfitosa. Culms slender, roughish, 2.5-4
dm. high, longer than the leaves. Leaves narrowly linear,
roughish margined, 2 mm. wide, the midvein prominent;
lowest spike subtended by a nearly filiform bract 1-2.5 cm.
long; staminate spike terminal, stalked, 2-2.5 cm. long;
pistillate spikes 2 or 3, 1.5-2 cm. long, 2.5 mm. thick, dense,
apparently erect, the upper nearly sessile, the lower one,
when 3 are present, filiform-stalked, loosely lowered toward
the base; perigynia nearly orbicular, nerveless, I mm. in
diameter, very minutely beaked, lenticular, sharply margined,
about as long as the black, ovate-oblong, acute or acutish
scale; stigmas 2 or 3.

Mouth of Bonanza Creek, R. S. Willliams, June 18, 1899.

Carex rigida Good?. Mouth of Bonanza Creek (Williams).

Carex acuiina Bailey. Mouth of Klondike (Williams).

Carex podocarpa R. Br. White Pass (Williams).

Carex Magellanica Lam. Klondike River Bottom; near
Mouth of Klondike (Williams).

Carex capillaris L. Dawson (Williams).

Carex altocaulis (Dewey) Britton. Hillside among willows,
Dawson and at Walker Gulch (Williams).

Carex bicolor All. Ten miles above Lebarge (Williams).

Carex concinna R. Br. Dawson (Williams); Lake Ben-
nett (Tarleton).

Carex filifolia Nutt. Miles Cafion (Williams).

Carex Williamsii Britton, sp.-nov.

Glabrous ; culms filiform, smooth, 1-2.5 dm. high. Leaves
filiform-linear, shorter than the culms, equitant, 1 mm. wide

( 160 )

or less, the margins minutely serrulate at least below; spikes
3 or 4, 3-6-flowered, the uppermost staminate above with 1
or 2 pistillate flowers below, the others pistillate, the lower 1
or 2 on filiform erect stalks 1.5 cm. long or less, subtended
by leaf-like bracts which sometimes exceed them; scales
oval, brown, acute, or obtusish, distant on the filiform rachis,
nearly 2 mm. long; perigynia spindle-shaped, few-nerved,
3-3-5 mm. long, less than I mm. wide, readily deciduous,
the orifice entire; stigmas 3.

Dawson, R. S. Williams, June 12, 1899 (type); also, by
the same collector, near the same locality August 1, 1899.

Carex teretiuscula Good. Klondike River Bottom; near
mouth of Klondike (Williams).

Carex tenella Schk. Klondike River Bottom (Williams).

Carex capitata L. Ten miles above Lebarge; Dawson
Swamp (Williams).

Carex lredowskyana C. A. Meyer. Bennett City (Wil-
liams).

Carex Bonanzensis Britton, sp. nov.

Group of C. canescens. Glabrous; culms about 4 dm.
high, roughish above. Leaves nearly equalling the culm,
very rough-margined, 2 mm. wide. Spikes about 7, sessile,
the upper clustered, the lower somewhat separated, oblong,
obtuse, about 8 mm. long, and 3 mm. thick, the lowest sub-
tended by a filiform flattened serrulate bract 2-2.5 cm. long;
scales ovate, with broad brown margins, shorter than the
perigynia, the lower acute, the upper obtuse; perigynia
nearly white, plano-convex, glabrous, rather strongly several-
nerved on both faces, 1.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, minutely
beaked.

Mouth of Bonanza Creek, R. S. Williams, June 18, 1899.

Carex tenuifiora Wahl. Dawson (Williams).

Carex lagopina Wahl. White Pass (Williams).

Carex praticola Rydb. Walker Gulch (Williams).

Family JUNCACEAE.

Juncus Balticus L. Near Stewart River (Williams).

Juncus Fichardsonianus Schultes. Near Indian River
(Tarleton).

Juncus Mertenstanus Bong. Bennett City (Williams).

( 161 )

Juncoides pilosum (L.) Kuntze. Dawson; Klondike City
(Williams).

juncotdes glabratum (Hoppe) Sheldon. Bennett City
(Williams).

Juncoides arcuatum (L.) Kuntze? White Pass (Williams).

Family MELANTHACEAE.

Tofieldia palustris Huds. Bennett City (Williams); Lake
Lebarge and below Stewart River (Tarleton).

Zygadenus elegans Pursh. Dawson (Williams); Five-
finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Family LILiacEAe.

Allium Sibiricum L. Rink Rapids (Williams) ; above Ft.
Selkirk (Tarleton).

Family CONVALLARIACEAE.

Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong. Above Ft. Selkirk (Tarle-
ton).
Family ORCHIDACEAE.

Cypripedium guttatum Sw. Dawson (Williams); near
Sixty-mile Creek (Tarleton).

Cypripedium passerinum Richards. Mountain side near
Dawson (Williams); Lake Lebarge (Tarleton).

Lysiella obtusata (Pursh) Rydb. Near mouth of Klon-
dike; Dawson (Williams); Lake Lebarge and above Ft. Sel-
kirk (Tarleton).

Limnorchis brachypetala Rydb. sp. nov.

Roots fascicled, fleshy, the largest 7-8 mm. in diameter ;
stem 1.5-2.5 dm. high, slender, striate, glabrous, 4—5-leaved.
Lower leaves oblong, obtuse, 4-6 cm. long, half-clasping,
strongly nerved; upper leaves lanceolate, acute; bracts
linear-lanceolate, the lower 2-3 times as long as the flowers,
the upper much shorter; flowers greenish or brownish, about
8 mm. long; upper sepal about 2 mm. long, nearly orbicular,
slightly truncate and indistinctly 3-toothed at the apex, 3-
nerved, somewhat arched; lateral sepals oval-oblong, obtuse,
spreading, nearly 3 mm. long; upper petals round-ovate,
acute, slightly over 1 mm. long, very narrow, a little dilated

(162)

at the base and near the apex, acute; spur club-shaped or
almost saccate, nearly straight, about equalling the lip in
length; ovary 8-9 mm. long in fruit, oblong-ellipsoid.

Apparently nearest related to L. hyperborea, but smaller
in every way; the spur is not curved forward as in that
species, and the petals are very broad and short, scarcely
more than half as long as the upper sepal; the spur resembles
that of LZ. strzcta, but that species has much larger flowers,
comparatively longer linear lip, longer petals and reflexed
lower sepals. Type collected by R. S. Williams at Bennett
City, August 25, 1899; also collected by Tarleton above Ft.
Selkirk.

Limnorchis leptoceratitis Rydb. sp. nov.

Roots fascicled, fleshy, fibrous; stem slender, striate,
glabrous, 2-4 dm. high. Lower leaves oblong, obtuse, half-
clasping, 4-8 cm. long; upper leaves linear-lanceolate,
acute; bracts linear-lanceolate, the lower somewhat longer
than the white flowers, the upper shorter; sepals 3-4 mm.
long, broadly lanceolate, the upper erect and almost straight,
the lateral ones reflexed-spreading, 3-nerved, acute; upper
petals linear, acute, about as long as the sepals; lip lanceo-
late, obtuse, somewhat rhombic-dilated at the base, equalling
the sepals; spur very slender, cylindric, curved forward, a
little exceeding the lip; ovary 8-9 mm. long in fruit, ellip-
soid.

Nearest related to ZL. délatata (Habenaria dilatata), from
which it differs in the longer spur, which is not at all cla-
vate, the narrower petals, smaller flowers, and shorter, more
obtuse leaves. Type collected by R. S. Williams at Bennett
City, Aug. 25, 1899. Also collected by J. Albert Rudkin
in southern Alaska, 1883, and by J. M. Macoun in Un-
alaska, July 25, 1891.

Orchis rotundifolia Pursh. Lake Lebarge (Tarleton).

Peramium repens (L.) Salisb. Below Selkirk (Williams).

Corallorhiza Corallorhiza (1..) Karst. Thirty-mile River
(Williams) ; fruiting specimen only, and determination doubt-
ful. White Horse Rapids and above Fort Selkirk (‘Tarleton).

Gyrostachys Romanzofiana (Cham.) MacM. Swamp,
Dawson (Williams).

( 163 )

Gyrostachys stricta Rydb. Klondike Bottom (Williams) ;
Sixty-mile Creek (Tarleton).
Listera borealis Morong. _Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Sub-class DICOTYLEDONES.
Family SALICACEAE.

Populus tremulotdes Michx. Dawson (Williams).

Populus balsamifera LL. River bank opposite Dawson
(Williams). .

Salix myrtillifolia Anders. Below White Horse Rapids ;
Dawson Swamp (Williams); Lake Bennett (Tarleton).

Salix perrostrata Rydb., sp. nov.

A shrub, 1-4 m. high with grayish, rough and scaly bark ;
branches yellow or the youngest tinged with red, at first
finely pubescent; leaves obovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate,
when young finely silky, in age glabrate, 2-4 cm. long,
I-1.5 cm. wide, acute at both ends, and with undulate
margins, light green above and paler beneath; petioles 2-6
mm.; stipules minute, deciduous; aments somewhat leafy
bracted, almost sessile; the staminate 1-1.5 cm. long, the
pistillate in fruit 2-3 cm.; capsule conic, long-rostrate ;
stigma subsessile.

Black Hills of S. Dakota and Pine Ridge, Neb., to Col-
orado and Alaska, May-June. (.S. Bebbcana Rydb. Cont.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 523, mainly, not Sarg.)

Type collected near Hermosa, Black Hills of South Da-
kota, 1892, P. A. Rydberg, 1018. Hillsides, Dawson, R.
S. Williams.

Salix anglorum Cham. Summit of White Pass (Wil-
liams).

Salix orbicularts Anders. Summit of White Pass (Wil-
liams); Lake Bennett (Tarleton).

Salix phiebophylla Anders. Summit of White Pass. |

Salix chlorophylla Anders. ? Dawson Swamp (Williams).

Salix longistylis Rydb. sp. nov.

A shrub, 4-5 m. high, with stems 13-15 cm. thick, the
bark of the branches greenish brown or purplish, pubescent

(164)

when young. Leaves obovate, thick, acutish, minutely
glandular-denticulate, the upper surface slightly villous when
young, soon glabrate and shining, the lower surface densely
white-tomentose ; pistillate aments almost naked, from lateral
buds, 4-5 cm. long, 1 cm. thick; bracts obovate, obtuse,
about 3 mm. long, almost black, subsessile; ovary about 5
mm. long, densely villous; style slender, over 2 mm. long,
the divisions fully I mm. long.

Perhaps nearest related to S. Sztchenszs, but readily dis-
tinguished from that species by the much larger ovary, the
long and slender style and stigmas and the broader and
darker bracts. Mouth of the Klondike, May 30, 1899
(Williams).

Salix Alaxensts (Anders.) Coville. Lake Bennett (Tarle-
ton). Determined by Mr. F. V. Coville.

Salix Saskatchewana Seem.? Dawson (Williams).

Salix Richardsont Hook. Lake Bennett (Tarleton). De-
termined by Mr. F. V. Coville.

Salix Seemannii Rydb. sp. nov.

A shrub, 3-4 m. high, the bark of the older branches dark
brown, that of the younger ones lighter, those of the season
villous-pubescent. Leaves oval to oblong-lanceolate, acute
at both ends, 3-7 cm. long, rather firm, entire; upper surface
silky-villous when young, glabrate and bright green in age;
lower surface permanently densely white or grayish silky-
villous; aments on short lateral branches which bear 3-5
small leaves, the pistillate ones 4-7 cm. long, rather loose;
bracts oblong, obtuse, light brown, somewhat villous, about
2mm. long; ovary in anthesis 3-4 mm. long, in fruit about
8 mm. long, densely white-villous, subsessile; style o.5—-1
mm. long; stigmas slender, about 1 mm. long, 2-cleft at the
apex; staminate aments 2-3 cm. long; stamens 2; filaments
slender, about 8 mm. long, free.

Seemann’s specimens, cited below, were named by Hooker
Salix glauca var. macrocarpa, but the plant is neither S.
macrocarpa of Trautvetter, nor that of Nuttall; it is related
to the former, but not to the latter. .S. macrocarpa Trautv.
(S. glauca macrocarpa Ledeb.) is described as having sessile

(165 )

stigmas and fuscous bracts; it probably does not occur in
America.

Type collected at Dawson by R. S. Williams, June 11,
1899, a more mature specimen June 12. Also collected by
Seemann on Chamisso Island, 1851, no. 1783, and Kotzebue
Sound and Norton Sound, 1849, no. 1423.

Family BETULACEAE.

Betula glandulosa Michx. Dawson (Williams); Ft. Sel-
kirk (Tarleton).
Betula papyrifera Marsh. Skagway.

Betula resinifera (Regel) Britton.

B. alba subsp. verrucosa var. resintfera Regel, Bull. Soc.
Mosc. 18: 398. 1865.

A white barked tree, sometimes 15 m. high, the trunk
reaching 3 dm. in diameter, the young twigs densely glandu-
lar-resiniferous. Leaves deltoid-ovate, acuminate, sharply
irregularly serrate, broadly cuneate, truncate, or some of them
cordate at the base, dark green above, pale, and when young
resinous-glandular beneath, glabrous, slender-petioled ; blades
5-8 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide just above the base; petioles
1.5-2.5 cm. long; young staminate aments 2 or 3 together;
ripe pistillate aments slender-peduncled, cylindric, 3 cm. long,
I-1.2 cm. thick; pistillate scales about equally 3-lobed, the
middle lobe lanceolate, acute, the lateral ones obliquely ob-
long-obovate, obtuse, all 3 ciliate; wings of the seed rather
broader than its body.

Dawson, R. S. Williams, Aug. 13, 1899 (type); Ft. Sel-
kirk, J. B. Tarleton, no. 138, July 18, 1899. Specimens
in the National Herbarium, obtained by Miss E. Taylor on
Peel’s River, July 14, 1892, and at Ft. Simpson in 1860, no
collector indicated, are also referable to this species.

Our material agrees in every respect with Regel’s descrip-
tion in De Candolle’s Prodromus, 16: Part 2, 164. 1868.

The tree is evidently more closely related to the Old World
Betula alba than to either of the other American white-barked
species B. papyrifera and B. populifolia, and is an interest-
ing addition to our arboreous flora.

(166 )

Alnus tenuifolia Nutt. River bank opposite Dawson (Wil-
liams).

Alnus fruticosa Rupr. Dawson (Williams); Ft. Selkirk
(Tarleton). Agrees with Asiatic specimens so determined,
and seems distinct from Alnus Alno-Betula.

Family URTICACEAE.
Urtica gracilis Ait. Dawson (Williams).

Family CHENOPODIACEAE.

Bhitum capitatum L. Dawson (Williams); near Sixty-
mile Creek (Tarleton).

Family PoLYGONACEAE.

Polygonum amphibium L.- Ft. Selkirk (Tarleton).

Polygonum viviparum L. Bennett City (Williams); above
Ft. Selkirk (Tarleton).

Polygonum alpinum Alaskanum Small. Klondike below
Bonanza (Williams) ; above Stewart River (Tarleton).

Polygonum plumosum Small sp. nov.

Perennial, deep green. Stems erect, 1-3 dm. tall, simple,
glabrous: leaves few; blades thickish, sparingly pubescent
beneath, those of the basal and lower stem-leaves ovate to
oblong-ovate or broadly oblong, 2-5 cm. long, blunt or mark-
edly obtuse, abruptly narrowed or subcordate at the base,
as long as their petioles or shorter, those of the upper stem-
leaves mostly oblong, short-petioled or nearly sessile, all
more or less revolute and with prominent nerves about the
edge: ocreae ample, prolonged into a narrowly funnelform
sheath, persistent: racemes cylindric, 2-6 cm. long, dense:
flowers persistent: calices rose-colored; lobes usually 5,
broadly oblong or oval, 3.5-5 mm. long, obtuse or nearly
truncate at the apex, often inequilateral: stamens exserted ;
filaments slightly flattened; anthers dark brown or blackish:
styles 3, elongated; stigmas capitate, minute: achenes 3-
angled, ovoid or oval, 3-3.5 mm. long.

Related to Polygonum bistortovdes Pursh; but it is stouter
and more stocky in habit. It differs from P. dzstortozdes
very conspicuously in its leathery and pubescent leaf-blades,

(167)

in the deep rose-colored calices and the narrow cylindric
raceme, and the pedicels are only about one-half as long as
those of its relative. The species has been collected several
times during the past decade; all the specimens having been
found in Alaska or on the neighboring islands.

St. Paul’s Island. Bering Sea Commission Collection, no.
130. July 29, 1891. J. M. Macoun, collector. (Type.)

Porcupine River, Alaska, 1891. J. Henry Turner, col-
lector.

Port Clarence, Alaska. Harriman Alaska Expedition, no.
1970. July 12, 1899. °F. V. Coville and T. H. Kearney,
Jr., collectors.

Hall Island, Bering Sea. Harriman Alaska Expedition,
no. 2023. July 14,1899. F.V. Coville and T. H. Kearney,
Jr., collectors. |

Klondike, ‘* The Dome.” August 10,1899. J. B. Tarle-
ton, no. 175b.

Polygonum fugax Small sp. nov.

Perennial from horizontal rootstocks, bright green. Stems
erect, 3-4 dm. tall, glabrous, discolored below the nodes and
the inflorescence: basal leaves several; blades lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, 5-12 cm. long, acute, undulate, finely
wrinkled above, minutely pubescent beneath, slightly revolute,
cuneately narrowed at the base; petioles as long as the blades
or longer, winged near the top: stem-leaves nearly similar
to the basal, but with smaller and narrower blades and short
petioles: ocreae delicate, closely surrounding the internodes
of the stem, except the loose and obliquely open top: spike
cylindric or nearly so, 2.5-5 cm. long, about 1 cm. thick,
erect: bracts very delicate, light brown, ovate-lanceolate to
oval, acuminate, 5-7 mm. long: flowers early deciduous or
fugacious: calyxes pink; lobes various, the inner oblong,
obtuse, the outer larger and all three of different sizes:
stamens 8: achenes 3-angled, oval, dark brown, abruptly
acute.

Related to Polygonum Bistorta L., but more slender and
with much more delicate parts throughout. The leaves differ
from those of P. Bzstorta in having lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate blades with narrowed bases. The inflorescence

( 168 )

differs in being spicate instead of racemose, while the indi-
vidual flowers, instead of persisting, fall away easily and
early, perhaps before the fruit is fully matured.

The only specimens known were found growing in moss
below Sixty mile Creek, by J. B. Tarleton, August 3, 1899,
no. 1754.

Family SANTALACEAE.

Comandra livida Richards. Dawson (Williams); Lake

Bennett (Tarleton).

Family CARYOPHYLLACEAE.

Silene repens Patrin. Dawson; Walker Gulch (Wil-
liams); Ft. Selkirk (Tarleton).

Silene Williamsii Britton sp. nov.

Related to S. Menziesizt Hook. Viscid-pubescent all over ;
stem 1-3 dm. high, the slender branches widely ascending.
Leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, sessile, firm, entire,
2-3 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, acuminate at the apex, nar-
rowed at the base; cymes terminal, few-flowered; pedicels
filiform, 5-10 mm. long; calyx urceolate, its teeth about 2
mm. long, erect, the whole about 8 mm. long; petals
scarcely longer than the calyx.

Dawson, R. S. Williams, July 14, 1899 (type); fifty miles
above Stewart River (Tarleton).

Lychnis trifora R. Br. Stream by West Dawson (Wil-
liams).

Vaccaria Vaccaria (L.) Britton. Dawson, introduced
(Williams).

Cerastium arvense L. Lebarge Island (Tarleton).

Cerastium vulgatum L. Dawson, introduced (Williams).

Cerastium maximum L. Above Stewart River (Tarleton).

Alsine borealis (Bigel.) Britton. Dawson (Williams) ; Five-
finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Alsine laeta (Richards.) Rydb. Dawson (Williams) ; White
Horse Rapids (Tarleton).

Alsine crassifolia (Ehrh.) Britton. Five-finger Rapids
(Tarleton).

( 169 )

Mochringia lateriflora (Li.) Fenzl. Dawson (Williams) ;
Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Merckia physodes Fisch. Mouth of Klondike (Williams) ;
above Stewart River (Tarleton). |

Arenaria laricifolia LL. Dawson (Williams).

Arenaria trifora(L.)S. Wats. Lebarge Island (Tarleton).

Arenaria Dawsonensis Britton, sp. nov.

Glabrous. Stems very slender, several times forked, 1.5~-3
dm. high. Leaves narrowly linear, smooth, blunt-pointed,
the lower 1-1.5 cm. long, 0.5-1.3 mm. wide, firm, the lowest
sometimes with fascicles of smaller ones in their axils, the
uppermost reduced to bracts ; lower internodes 4-6 cm. long ;
pedicels filiform, divergent-ascending, straight ; sepals oblong-
lanceolate, acute, strongly 3-nerved, 4 mm. long, I-I.5 mm.
wide, the calyx impressed at the base; petals oblong, a little
shorter than the sepals or equalling them; pod narrowly
ovoid, membranous, 3-valved, a little longer than the sepals:
seeds oval-oblong, reddish brown, 0.6—-0.7 mm. long, rough-
ened with low irregular ridges.

Dawson, R. S. Williams, July 16, 1899.

Apparently nearest to A. Michauxii (Fenzl.) Hook., but
with short petals, merely acute sepals and much longer inter-
nodes.

Family RANUNCULACEAE.

Actaea arguta Nutt. Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Anemone Richardsont Hook. Near mouth of Bonanza
(Williams); near Selwyn River (Tarleton).

Anemone parvifiora Michx. Dawson (Williams); White
Horse Rapids and Lake Bennett (Tarleton).

Anemone globosa Nutt. Lake Lebarge and White Horse
Rapids (Tarleton).

Pulsatilla hirsutisstma (Pursh) Britton. Near Hootalinqua
(Williams); Lake Bennett and Lake Lebarge (Tarleton).

Ranunculus Yukonensis Britton, sp. nov.

Group of ft. Purshiz. Stems almost filiform, 1 dm. long
or less, sparingly pubescent toward the end. Leaves slender-
petioled, 6-14 mm. wide, dissected into linear, entire or

(170)

toothed, obtuse segments ; flowers several, slender-peduncled,
6-10 mm. broad; sepals broadly ovate, obtuse; head of fruit
globular, 2-3 mm. in diameter; achenes slightly compressed,
about 1 mm. long, abruptly tipped with a hooked beak of
one third their length. .

Mouth of the Bonanza, June 18, 1899, R. S. Williams
(type); mouth of the Klondike, July 9, 1899, same collector.

feanunculus Purshiz Richards. Island below Stewart
River (Tarleton).

ftanunculus Lapponicus L. Klondike River (Tarleton) ;
near mouth of Bonanza (Williams).

Delphinium glaucumS. Wats. Dawson (Williams) ; above
Fort Selkirk and below Stewart River (Tarleton).

Aconitum delphinifolium DC. Dawson (Williams); Fort
Selkirk (Tarleton).

Aconitum paradoxum Reichenb.? Summit of White Pass
(Williams). This is an interesting plant with short obtuse
leaf-lobes, and larger flowers than A. delphinifolium. It
appears to be the same as specimens collected on the Harri-
man Expedition to Alaska by Messrs. Coville and Kearney
at Plover Bay and Port Clarence, Siberia. Mr. Williams’
specimens are referred to Reichenbach’s species with much
doubt.

Aquilegia brevistyla Hook. Dawson (Williams); Five-
finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Thalictrum sparstfiorum Turcz. Mouth of the Klondike
(Williams); Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Family PAPAVERACEAE.

Fapaver nudicaule L. Below Selwyn River (Tarleton).

Family FUMARIACEAE.

Capnoides aureum (Willd.) Kuntze. Lake Lebarge and
Bonanza Creek (Tarleton); Dawson and Walker Gulch
(Williams).

Capnoides sempervirens (L..) Borckh. Dawson (Wil-
liams); Bonanza Creek (Tarleton).

(171)

Family CRUCIFERAE.

Cardamine pratensis angustifolia Hook. Near mouth of
Bonanza and mouth of Klondike (Williams).

Roripa Williamsii Britton, sp. nov.

Glabrous, about 1.5 dm. high. Leaves about 5 cm. long,
deeply pinnatifid into oblong, obtuse, entire or toothed seg-
ments 2-3 mm. wide, the terminal segment much larger than
the lateral ones; racemes elongating and with very distant
pedicels in fruit; pedicels spreading, about 1 cm. long; pod
oblong, obtuse, about 3 mm. long.

Near mouth of Bonanza Creek, R. S. Williams, June 18,
1899.

Arabis lyrata occidentalis S. Wats. Near mouth of Bo-
nanza (Williams).

Arabis Holboellii Hornem. White Horse Rapids (Tarle-
ton).

Parrya macrocarpa R. Br. The Dome, Klondike-Indian
Divide (Tarleton).

Erysimum chetranthoides LL. Dawson (Williams).

Erysimum angustatum Rydb., sp. nov.

A more or less cespitose perennial, with a slender tap-root
and short branched rootstock or caudex. Stems 1-2 dm.
high, sparingly grayish strigose, obtusely angled; leaves
very narrowly oblanceolate-linear or linear, 4-7 cm. long,
I-2 mm. wide, grayish strigose; sepals linear, obtuse, about
8 mm. long, two alternate ones deeply saccate at the base,
pale yellowish; petals lemon-yellow, about 14 mm. long;
pods 5-8 cm. long, about 1.5 mm. broad, obtusely angled,
ascending on ascending pedicels 5-8 mm. long, with a dis-
tinct beak 3-5 mm. long, somewhat constricted between the
seeds; cotyledons incumbent.

This species is probably nearest related to &. asperzmum
(Chetranthus asperrimus Greene) but differs in the more
elongated branches of the caudex or rootstock, which are
covered with remnants of old leaves, the narrower perfectly
entire leaves, the more slender stem, the less sharply angled
pod and the more evident beak. ‘The type was collected at
Dawson by R. S. Williams, July 13, 1899.

(172)

Sophia sophiodes (Fisch.) Heller. Dawson (Williams).
Draba incana L. Lake Bennett (Tarleton).

Draba oligosperma Hook. Lake Bennett (Tarleton).
Draba aurea Vahl. White Horse Rapids (Tarleton).
Draba glacialis Adams. Lake Bennett (Tarleton).

Family DROSERACEAE.

Drosera rotundifolia L. Above Stewart River (Tarle-
ton); Klondike (Williams).

Family SAXIFRAGACEAE.

fTeuchera glabra Willd. Summit of White Pass (Williams).

Saxifraga tricuspidata Retz. Lebarge Island (Tarleton) ;
Dawson and Miles Cafion (Williams).

Saxifraga reflexa Hook. Dawson (Williams).

Saxifraga pulvinata Small, sp. nov.

Perennial, deep green, densely tufted. Stems copiously
branched, 3-10 cm. long: leaves numerous, crowded or ap-
proximate, often 4-ranked; blades oblong to broadly spatu-
late, 1.5-3 mm. long, leathery, ciliate, except at the thick-
ened apex: flowering stems leafy at the base, naked above,
gradually enlarged to the hypanthium: sepals softly glandu-
lar-pubescent when young, oblong, 2.5-3 mm. long, obtuse
and green at the tip, longer than the hypanthium: corolla
deep blue or purplish: petals 6-7 mm. long, the blades oval
to nearly orbicular, minutely notched or toothed at the apex,
the claws shorter than the blades: capsules 6-7 mm. high,
the beaks erect, nearly as long as the body.

In dense tufts on the higher summits about Lake Bennett,
(Tarleton, no. 11, June 6, 1899). Related to Saxifraga of-
positifolia L., but differing in the smaller size, the markedly
naked upper part of the flowering stems, the smaller turbinate
hypanthium and the slender tips of the follicles.

Saxifraga galacifolia Small, sp. nov.

Perennial by horizontal rootstocks, glandular-pubescent
throughout. Leaves basal or mainly so, few; blades mem-
branous, ovate or orbicular-ovate, 5-8 cm. long, dentate or
crenate-dentate, pale green beneath, deep green above; cor-

(173)

date, petioles as long as the blades or much longer: scapes
erect, 2-4 dm. tall: panicle narrow, 5-15 cm. long, the
branches erect or nearly so: pedicels glandular-pilose : sepals
2-2.5 mm. long, triangular-ovate, reflexed: corolla white ;
petals oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3-5 mm. long, sometimes
slightly accrescent: filaments filiform, longer than the petals:
capsules 12-13 mm. high; follicles erect, nearly distinct.

Along mountain streams, near Indian River, August 3,
1899 (Tarleton, no. 176).

Related to Saxifraga punctata L.; but the leaves with
blades manifestly longer than broad, the narrow panicle with
its short branches and the lower leaf-like bracts, and the
larger fruit are some of the characters which readily separate
this species from its relative.

Chrysosplenium tetrandrum Fries. Klondike below Bo-
nanza Creek (Williams); White Horse Rapids (Tarleton).

Family PARNASSIACEAE.
Parnassta palustris L. Walker Gulch (Williams) ; above
Fort. Selkirk (Tarleton).
Parnassia Kotzebuet C. & S. Fort Selkirk and near
Selwyn River (Tarleton).

Family GROSSULARIACEAE.
ftibes rubrum L. Lindeman and Bonanza Creek (Wil-
liams).
Reibes Hudsonianum Richards. Near mouth of Bonanza
Creek (Williams).
feibes lacustre Poir. West Dawson (Williams).
fibes trriguum Dougl. Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Family RosaAcEAE.

Spiraca densifiora Nutt. Klondike-Indian Divide (Tarle-
ton); Mouth of Bonanza (Williams).

Luetkea pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze. Summit of White
Pass (Williams).

Potentilla Pennsylvanica L. Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Potentilla nivea L. White Horse Rapids (Tarleton).

Potentilla Monspeliensis L. Dawson (Williams).

(174)

Comarum palustre L. Below Selwyn River (Tarleton) ;
Klondike Bottom (Williams).

Argentina Anserina (L..) Rydb. Fort Selkirk (Tarle-
ton); Dawson (Williams).

Fragarta Chiloensis Duchesne. Rink Rapids(Williams) ;
Lake Lebarge (Tarleton).

Dastphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. Above Fort Selkirk
(Tarleton); Dawson (Williams).

Lrubus Chamaemorus L. Dawson (Williams); above Stew-
art River (Tarleton).

frubus strigosus Michx. Dawson (Williams); above Stew-
art River (Tarleton).

Feubus .arcticus L. Dawson (Williams); White Horse
Rapids and below Sixty-mile Creek (Tarleton).

Feubus pedatus Smith. Bennett City and Skagway (Wil-
liams).

Geum Oregonense (Scheutz) Rydb. Fort Selkirk (Tarle-
ton).

Dryas octopetala L.. Dawson (Williams).

Dryas integrifolia Vahl. Dawson (Williams) ; Five-finger
Rapids (Tarleton).

Sanguisorba oficinalis L. Above Fort Selkirk (Tarleton).

Sangutsorba latifolia (Hook.) Coville. Bennett City (Wil-
liams).

feosa acicularis Lindl. Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton) ;
Dawson and near Thirty-mile River (Williams).

Family POMACEAE.

Amelanchier alntfolia Nutt. Dawson (Williams); White
Horse Rapids (Tarleton).

Amelanchier florida Lindl. Miles Caiion (Williams).

Sorbus occidentalis (S. Wats.) Greene. Bennett City
(Williams).

Family PAPILIONACEAE.

Lupinus. An undescribed species named by Prof. C. V.
Piper but not yet published. Dawson (Williams); Five-finger
Rapids and foot of Lake Lebarge (Tarleton).

(175 )

Astragalus debilis (Nutt.) A. Gray. Fort Selkirk (Tarle-
ton).

Astragalus alpinus L. Near mouth of Klondike (Wil-
liams); White Horse Rapids (Tarleton).

Astragalus Williamsii Rydb. sp. nov.

Stem ascending or erect, 2-4 dm. high, more or less dis-
tinctly 4-angled, perfectly glabrous, light green or in age
straw-colored ; stipules ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 3-6 mm.
long, free; leaves longer than the internodes, 5-10 cm. long ;
leaflets 9-11, elliptical to almost linear, 15-35 mm. long, 4-8
mm. wide, obtuse or retuse at the apex, perfectly glabrous ;
raceme at first short, in fruit elongating and about 1 dm.
long, borne on a peduncle 1-1.5 dm. long; bracts oblong, ob-
tuse, membranous, straw-colored, about 3 mm. long; pedicels
short, 1-2 mm. long; calyx about 3 mm. long, black-hairy ;
lobes less than 1 mm. long, triangular obtuse ; corolla yellow,
except the purplish tip of the keel; banner about 1 cm. long,
narrow, keel about 8 mm. ; pod ascending, half membranous,
oblong-ovate in outline, 10-14 mm. long and 4 mm. wide,
glabrous, rounded at the base, acute at the apex; dorsal
suture deeply sulcate for about two-thirds of its length and
with a narrow partial partition, making the pod there deeply
obcordate in section; the upper third not sulcate and with no
indication of a partition; seeds about 4, brownish black.

A species perhaps referable to the Orodozdes, but without
any close relative in that group. Its small yellow flowers
and peculiar fruit are characteristic.

The type was collected by R. S. Williams, near Big

Salmon, August 22, 1899.

Astragalus Tarletonis Rydb.

Stem ascending, about 2 dm. high, angled, striate and
sparingly strigulose: stipules lanceolate, attenuate, sparingly
strigose, free from the petiole but somewhat united around
the back of the stem: leaves about 1 dm. long, spreading ;
leaflets 17-29, elliptic to lanceolate, oblong, 10-15 mm. long,
3-6 mm. wide, sparingly strigose or in age glabrate, obtuse
or retuse at the apex: spikes short and crowded, 3-4 cm.
long on peduncles about 1 dm. in length: bracts oblong, 6-8
mm. long, mostly obtuse and black-hairy: calyx black-
hairy; its tube about 6 mm. long; lobes linear subulate,

(176 )

almost of the same length: corolla about 15 mm. long, pur-
plish: fruit not seen.

This species is evidently closely related to A. hypogilottis
L., but distinguished by its long slender calyx-lobes.

The type was collected by J. B. Tarleton at Five-finger
Rapids, July 5, 1899 (no. 78).

Phaca Americana (Hook.) Rydb. Fort Selkirk (Tarleton;
Williams).

PHACA LITTORALIS (Hook.) Rydb. (Phaca frigida +
littoralis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 140. 1840.) Five-finger
Rapids (Tarleton).

flomalobus aboriginum (Richards.) Rydb. Miles Cafion
(Williams); White Horse Rapids and foot of Lake Lebarge
(Tarleton).

Hlomalobus tenellus (Pursh) Britton. Fifty miles above
Stewart River (Tarleton).

Aragallus FRichardsonit Greene. Above Fort Selkirk
(Tarleton).

Aragallus varians Rydb., n. sp.

Cespitose perennial: leaves all basal, 1-2 dm. long, nu-
merous: stipules lanceolate, scarious, long-acuminate, densely
silky-villous, 1-2 cm. long: leaflets 30 or more, more or less
verticillate, linear-oblong, silky-villous, obtuse, 1-2 cm. long,
3-4 mm. wide: scape about 2 dm. high, slender, terete, spar-
ingly villous: spike short, 4-5 cm. long, dense: bracts linear-
lanceolate, long-attenuate, about 1 cm. long, exceeding the
calyx: calyx tube often dark, cylindrical, about 5 mm. long,
silky-villous: lobes linear-subulate, 2-3 mm. long: corolla
about 1 cm. long, yellow: fruit not seen.

Apparently related to A. Atichardsoniz and A. splendens,
but easily distinguished by its yellow flowers and the fact that
the leaflets are not always verticillate.

The type was collected by J. B. Tarleton on Lewis River,
June 28, 1899 (no. 33b).

Aragallus viscidus (Nutt.) Greene. White Horse Rapids
(Tarleton).

Aragallus viscidulus Rydb. Near Selkirk (Williams).

Aragallus podocarpus (A. Gray) Greene. Lake Bennett,
near summit of ‘* Pinnacle” (Tarleton).

(177)

Aragallus deflexus (DC.) Heller. Five-finger Rapid
Tarleton.

Aragallus. Species not determined; nearly related to A.
Lambertiz. Lewis River (Tarleton).

fedysarum Amertcanum (Michx.) Britton. Near mouth
of Klondike (Williams); Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Hedysarum Mackenzit Richards. Five-finger Rapids
(Tarleton).

Family LinacEagE.
Linum Lewistt Pursh. Lake Lebarge (Tarleton).
Family CALLITRICHACEAE.

Callitriche palustris L. ? On mud, Klondike bottom

(Williams). Asmall form with bracts very small or wanting.

Family EMPETRACEAE.

Empetrum nigrum L. Lindeman (Williams); Fort Sel-
kirk (Tarleton).
Family VIOLACEAE.
Viola palustris LL. White Horse Rapids (Tarleton) ;
Upper Walker Gulch (Williams). ?

Family ELAEAGNACEAE.

Lepargyraea Canadensis (L.) Greene. Dawson (Wil-
liams); Lake Bennett and above Fort Selkirk (Tarleton).

Family ONAGRACEAE.

Chamaenerion angustifolium (L..) Scop. Dawson (Wil-
liams); above Fort Selkirk (Tarleton).

Chamaenerion latifolium (L.) Sweet. Five-finger Rapids
(Tarleton); Thirty Mile River (Williams).

Epilobium palustre LL. Dawson (Williams). The £&.
palustre albifora Hook., differing from the type by its
narrower leaves and pale flowers.

Family HALORRAGIDACEAE.

Lfippuris vulgaris L. Island below Stewart River (Tarle-
ton).

(178 )

Family UMBELLIFERAE.

Selinum Dawsoni Coult. & Rose. Dawson (Williams).

Cicuta virosa L. Pond, Klondike bottom (Williams).

Bupleurum Americanum Coult. & Rose. Near Selkirk
(Williams).

Family CORNACEAE.

Cornus Canadensis L. Dawson and near mouth of
Klondike (Williams); above Fort Selkirk (Tarleton).

Cornus stolonifera Michx. Five-finger Rapids (Tarle-
ton); Dawson (Williams). Leaves not so white beneath as
in the eastern plant.

Family PyYROLACEAE.

Pyrola uliginosa Torr. Below Selwyn River (Tarleton).

Pyrola secunda L. Dawson (Williams).

Pyrola secunda pumila Paine. Walker’s Gulch (Wil-
liams); above Fort Selkirk (Tarleton).

Pyrola bracteata Hook. Below Selwyn River (Tarle-
ton); Dawson (Williams).

Moneses uniflora (l.) A. Gray. Walker Gulch (Wil-
liams); Fort Selkirk (Tarleton).

Family ERICACEAE.

Ledum Groenlandicum Oeder. Along river above Daw-
son (Williams); above Stewart River and above Fort
Selkirk (Tarleton).

Ledum decumbens (Ait.) Lodd. High ridge above Linde-
man (Williams); Bonanza Creek (Tarleton). Apparently
distinct from ZL. palustre L.

Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller. Bennett (Williams).

Andromeda Polifolia LL. Dawson (Williams); below
Stewart River (Tarleton).

Chamaedaphne calyculata (Li.) Moench. Dawson swamp
(Williams).

Chamaecistus procumbens (L.) Kuntze. Above Linde-
man (Williams).

Phyllodoce glandulifiora (Hook.) Coville. Lindeman and
summit of White Pass (Williams).

(179)

Phyllodoce empetriformis (Smith) Don. Lindeman (Wil-
liams).

Casstope Stelleriana (Pall.) DC. Above Lindeman and
summit of White Pass (Williams).

Casstope Mertensiana (Bong.) Don. Above Lindeman,
and summit of White Pass (Williams).

Cassiope tetragona (L..) Don. Above Lindeman (Wil-
liams); Lake Bennett (Tarleton).

Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi (L.) Spreng. Dawson (Wil-
liams); Lake Bennett (Tarleton).

Mairania alpina (L.) Desv. Dawson and near Selkirk
(Williams) ; Lake Bennett and Klondike Indian Divide (Tar-
leton). The red-fruited form collected also by Tarleton be-
low Selwyn River.

Family VACCINIACEAE.

Vaccinium uliginosum L. Dawson (Williams); below
Selwyn River (Tarleton).

Vitis-Idaea Vitis-[daea (L.) Britton. (Vaccinium Vitzs-
Idaea L.) Lindeman and Little Salmon River (Williams) ;
Lake Lebarge (Tarleton). The recognition of the genera
Batodendron and Polydodium as segregates from the complex
Vaccinium of previous authors requires, it seems to me, the
separation also of Vrtis-Jdaea, as was maintained by Tourne-
fort, and since the Linnaean period by Moench.

Oxycoccus Oxycoccus (lL.) MacM. Dawson (Williams) ;
below Selwyn River (Tarleton).

Family PRIMULACEAE.

Primula Stbirica Jacq. Lebarge Island (Tarleton); on
clayey shore, Lebarge (Williams).

Primula stricta Hornem. Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton,
no. 73), apparently identical with specimens from Scandi-
navia.

Androsace septentrional’s L. Dawson and Rink Rapids
(Williams).

Androsace Gormant Greene? Lake Bennett (Tarleton).

(180)

Trientalis arctica Fisch. Summit of White Pass, and be-
low Bonanza (Williams).

Dodecatheon frigidum C. & S. Stream by West Dawson
(Williams).

Family GENTIANACEAE.

GENTIANA HOLOPETALA (A. Gray) Rydb. (G. serrata
holopetala A. Gray). Above Fort Selkirk (Tarleton).

Gentiana propingua Richards. Dawson (Williams) ;
Fort Selkirk (Tarleton).

Family MENYANTHACEAE.

Menyanthes irifoliata L. Ponds, Klondike bottom (Wil-
liams) ; Sixty Mile Creek (Tarleton).

Family APOCYNACEAE.
Apocynum androsaemtfolium L. Dawson (Williams). A
low pubescent form, perhaps referable to A. androsaem#-
Solium incanum DC.

Family PoLEMONIACEAE.
Polemonium occidentale Greene. Dawson (Williams) ;
hills around Dawson and at Fort Selkirk (Tarleton).
Polemonium pulchellum Bunge. White Horse Rapids
(Tarleton); Dawson (Williams).
Gilia capitata Dougl. Dawson, introduced (Williams).

Family HyDROPHYLLACEAE.
Phacelia. A species related to P. Lyall (A. Gray)
Rydb., but villous all over. Collected only in fruit. Below
Selwyn River (Tarleton).

Family BoRAGINACEAE.
Lappula. Specimens in flower only. White Horse Rap-
ids and Lebarge Island (Tarleton).
Lappula Redowskit (Hornem.) Greene. Near Rink Rap-
ids ( Williams).
Mertensta paniculata (Ait.) Don. Lebarge (Williams) ;
Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton).

(181 )

Mertensia Alaskana Britton, sp. nov.

Similiar to M. paniculata, 5 dm. high, or more. Stem
and branches glabrous; pedicels 1-3 cm. long, very slender,
appressed-pubescent with whitish hairs: leaves papillose-
pubescent above, sparingly pubescent or glabrous beneath,
the lower oblanceolate, 6-10 cm. long, acute, with margined
petioles, the middle ones oblong-lanceolate, sessile, the upper
lanceolate, acuminate: corolla 1.5 cm. long, the limb about the
length of the tube: calyx 5-6 mm. long, cleft nearly to the
base, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, bristly-ciliate, other-
wise glabrous or very nearly so; style not exserted.

Fort Yukon, Alaska, Antoine Soule, 1865 (type); Daw-
son (Williams), a white-flowered form; Mackenzie’s River,
Onion, Kennicott and Hardisty, 1861-62.

Family LasiaTAe.
Dracocephalum parvifiorum Nutt. Dawson (Williams) ;
Fort Selkirk (Tarleton).

Family ScROPHULARIACEAE.

Veronica alpina L. Summit of White Pass (Williams).

Pentstemon cristatus Nutt. Five-finger Rapids (Wil-
liams; Tarleton); Lake Lebarge (Tarleton).

Euphrasia Americana Wetts. River bank above Fort
Selkirk (Tarleton).

Castilleja pallida (L..) Kunth. Above Dawson (Williams) ;
above Fort Selkirk, near Indian River, and Five-finger Rap-
ids (Tarleton). Mr. Tarleton’s specimens from above Fort
Selkirk and Five-finger Rapids (nos. 80 and 8ob) differ from
the others in being villous to the base and may represent
another species.

Pedicularis euphrasioides Stephan. Dawson and mouth
of Bonanza (Williams); Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Pedicularis Sudetica Willd. Five-finger Rapids (Tarle-
ton).

Family OROBANCHACEAE.

Thalesia fasciculata (Nutt.) Britton. Fort Selkirk (Tarle-

ton).

(182 )

Boschniakia glabra C. A. Meyer. Dawson (Williams) ;
Selwyn River (Tarleton).

Family LENTIBULARIACEAE.

Pinguicula villosa L. Dawson (Williams); below Selwyn
River (Tarleton).
Utricularia vulgaris L. Sixty Mile Creek (Tarleton).

Family PLANTAGINACEAE.
Plantago aristata Michx. Dawson (Williams).

Plantago septata E. L. Morris, sp. nov.

A bright green, acaulescent perennial, with one tap-root
and with the bases of the leaves of the preceding year per-
sistent, generally cinereous-woolly, most of the hairs under
a lens flattened and distinctly 3-9-septate or even articulate.
Leaves crowded, erect or spreading, several, narrowly lance-
olate, acute or obtuse at the apex, entire, narrowed to the
more or less margined semi-clasping petiole, about 140 mm.
by 15 mm., 5-nerved in blade and petiole, very woolly at the
base and on the petiole; scapes basal, erect or ascending,
stout, terete and striate, several, equalling or surpassing the
leaves, about 150 mm. high, woolly below, pubescent above ;
spikes erect, long-cylindrical, about 50 mm. by 5 mm., in
fruit somewhat loose, their axes pubescent; bracts brown-her-
baceous, with wide scarious margins, in fruit keeled, nearly
equalling the calyx, ovate to round-ovate, obtuse and deli-
cately fimbriolate, about 2 mm. by 2 mm., glabrous; flowers
numerous, perfect, glabrous; divisions of the calyx scarious,
with brown-herbaceous midribs, broadly obovate, rounded,
2 mm. long; corolla tube just equalling the calyx, its lobes,
spreading, broadly oblong, obtuse and often abruptly apicu-
late, nearly 1.5 mm. by 1 mm., white; stamens four, and,
with the filiform stigma, long-exserted ; pyxis finely reticulate,
two times as long as the calyx, oblong, rounded at the apex,
circumscissile at the lower third; seeds two, black.

Type specimen, collected by R. S. Williams, near Little

Salmon, Yukon Territory, August 22, 1899.

Family RUBIACEAE.
Galium boreale L. Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton); Daw-
son (Williams).

( 183 )

Family CAPRIFOLIACEAE.

“Viburnum pauciforum Pylaie. Dawson and'Miles Cajion
(Williams); Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Linnaea Americana Forbes. Walker Gulch (Williams) ;
Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton). This North American plant
appears to differ constantly from the European Z. doreadis in
its funnelform, not campanulate corolla.

Family VALERIANACEAE.

Valeriana bracteosa Britton, sp. nov.

Similar to V. sylvatica and V. uliginosa, about 4 dm.
high, slightly pubescent at the nodes, otherwise glabrous.
Rootstock slender, horizontal; lower and basal leaves oval,
entire, petioled; upper leaves about 3 pairs, sessile, with 3
lanceolate acuminate few-toothed segments, or those of the
uppermost pair entire: cyme open, its branches filiform;
bracts very narrowly linear, black, much longer than the
fruit: calyx-lobes united near the base into a black cup,
loosely plumose: corolla 5-6 mm. long, its tube about equal-
ling the throat and limb.

Type collected by R. S. Williams at Dawson, July 14,
1899; also collected by Tarleton above Fort Selkirk, July
12, 1899, no. 101a and 101b.

Family CAMPANULACEAE.

Campanula lastocarpa Cham. White Pass (Williams) ;
the Dome, Klondike-Indian Divide (Tarleton).

Campanula aurita Greene. This species is closely related
to Campanula expansa Rudolph, of Siberia, which has been
referred by Ledebour to the Wahlenbergia homallanthina of
De Candolle. Both plants agree in having a rotate deeply
divided corolla and a strongly upcurved style. It does not

-seem to me that they are properly referable to the Old World

genus Wahlenbergia. In the characters of style and co-
rolla they resemble the East American Campanula Amert-
cana L.

Dawson (R. S. Williams, July 29, 1899); also collected
by Tarleton at Dawson, Aug. 19, 1899, no. 185a and 185b.

( 184 )

Family CicHORIACEAE.

Taraxacum ceratophorum DC. Five-finger Rapids
(Tarleton).

Crepis elegans Hook. River bank opposite Dawson
(Williams). Specimens with lyrate-pinnatifid lower leaves.

Hieracium gracile Hook. Bennett City (Williams).

Hieracium triste Cham. White Pass (Williams).

Hieracium albifiorum Hook. Bennett City (Williams).

Family CoMPosITAE.

Solidago multiradiata Ait. Dawson (Williams); Fort
Selkirk (Tarleton).

Solidago elongata Nutt. Fifty miles above Stewart
River (Tarleton).

Solidago oreophila Rydb. Dawson (Williams); Fort Sel-
kirk and fifty miles above Stewart River (Tarleton).

Stenotus borealis Rydb., sp. nov.

Depressed cespitose, branches 3-6 cm. long, densely cov-
ered with the leaves, which are narrowly linear, almost fili-
form, 10-18 mm. long and .5-.7 mm. wide, hispid ciliate on
the margin and with a strong rib: peduncles naked, 4-5 cm.
long, puberulent and glandular especially above: head about
1 cm. high: bracts subequal in two series, linear lanceolate,
acute, thin, puberulent and somewhat glandular, yellowish
green: rays about r cm. long and 3-4 mm. wide, obtuse or
truncate and entire at the apex: pappus tawny white.

This species is nearest related to S. stenophyllus (A. Gray)
Greene, but the latter has thicker bracts and its leaves are
glandular puberulent all over, while in S. doreals the leaves
are devoid of glands, perfectly glabrous except the ciliolate
margin. Foot of Lake Lebarge (J. B. Tarleton, 51).

ASTER GIGANTEUS (Hook.) Rydb. (Aster Feichardsonit gi-
ganteus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 7. 1840.) Near mouth of
Klondike and at Dawson (Williams); Five-finger Rapids
(Tarleton).

Aster Unalaschensis Less. The same as the specimen in
the Columbia Herbarium from Unalaska, named by Bongard.

(185 )

White Pass (Williams). The species is referred by Gray to
Aster peregrinus Pursh, and if correctly, this is the older
name for it.

Erigeron acris L. Above Fort Selkirk (Tarleton) ; Daw-
son (Williams).

Erigeron Yukonensis Rydb. sp. nov.

Perennial with horizontal rootstock. Stems usually more
than one, ascending, about 2 dm. high, more or less hirsute :
basal leaves linear-oblanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, acute or
acuminate at the apex, below tapering into a short winged
petiole, more or less hirsute on both sides and ciliate on the
margin; lower stem leaves linear and short-petioled, the
upper linear-lanceolate, sessile, 2-3 cm. long: heads 1-3,
solitary at the end of the stem or the few elongated branches:
involucre about 15 mm. in diameter, white-hirsute, bracts
very narrowly linear-subulate, long-attenuate, with the loose
tips slightly exceeding the disk; rays very numerous, bluish-
purple, about 12 mm. long and less than 1 mm. wide.

In general habit, this species resembles most 4. Zatonzz,
but the size of the head and the numerous narrow rays sug-
gest £. macranthus and the hairiness of the involucre &. sz-
plex. The type was collected by R.S. Williams at Dawson,
July 23, 1899.

Erigeron multiidus Rydb. Lebarge Island (Tarleton).

Erigeron caespitosus Nutt. Near Little Salmon River
(Williams).

Erigeron grandifiorus Hook. Fort Selkirk (Tarleton).

Erigeron Turner? Greene. Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Antennaria pulcherrima (Hook.) Greene. Lower Thirty
Mile River (Williams).

Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. Lower Thirty Mile River
(Williams); Five-finger Rapids (Tarleton).

Anthemis Cotula L.. Dawson, introduced (Williams).

Achillea lanulosa Nutt. Dawson (Williams); above Fort
Selkirk (Tarleton).

Tanacetum Huronense Nutt. River bank opposite Dawson
(Williams); Fort Selkirk (Tarleton). Specimens with dark
brown involucral bracts.

( 186 )

Artemisia laciniata Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1843. Above
Fort Selkirk (Tarleton, no. 111).

This specimen agrees with Karelin and Kiriloff’s no.
705, determined as A. laciniata glabriuscula Ledeb., from
Narym, Siberia. This is cited by Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 2:
582, as variety a of the species. It also answers to the de-
scription of the species, and to the left hand figure of Gmelin’s
Fl. Sib. 2: Al. 57, except that the heads are a little larger.
The species has not hitherto been reported from America;
it is said in Kew Index to occur also in the Himalayas.

Artemisia elatior (T. & G.) Rydb. Fifty miles below
Stewart River (Tarleton); Dawson (Williams).

Artemisia Canadensis Michx. Selkirk (Williams).

Artemisia frigida Willd. Dawson (Tarleton); near
Little Salmon River (Williams).

Artemista longipedunculata Rudolph. White Pass
(Williams).

Petasites frigida (L.) Fries? Lake Bennett (Tarleton).
Dawson Swamp (Williams). Mr. Tarleton’s specimens
differ from the typical European plant in having much more
deeply lobed leaves.

Petasites gracilis Britton, sp. nov.

Scape slender, about 4 dm. high, sparingly lanate. Leaves
thin, broadly ovate, subcordate, loosely lanate beneath, 5-6
cm. broad, with about twelve large acute cuspidate teeth or
short lobes, the sinuses rounded; petiole slender, twice as
long as the blade; scales of the scape and bracts of the in-
florescence lanceolate, acuminate: inflorescence racemose,
about 1 dm. long: peduncles very slender, glandular-pubes-
cent, 2-5 cm. long: involucre glandular-pubescent, its linear-
oblong obtuse bracts about half the length of the bright white
pappus, the few outer bracts much shorter.

Walker Gulch, Williams, July 16, 1899.

Arnica angustifolia Vahl. Dawson (Williams); Lebarge
Island (Tarleton). Differing from typical specimens of this
species by having three long-peduncled flower-heads.

Senecio frigidus Less. Dawson (Williams).

(187 )

Senecio lugens Richards. Above Fort Selkirk (Tarleton) ;
Dawson (Williams).

Senecio saliens Rydb. Bennett City (Williams).

Senecio discoideus (Hook.) Britton. Dawson (Williams) ;
Fort Selkirk (Tarleton). One of the specimens with rays.

Saussurea nuda Ledeb. Walker Gulch (Williams); be-
low Stewart River (Tarleton, 168; 168b).

These specimens are the same as one of S. alpina remoti-
flora Hook., received by Dr. Torrey from Dr. Hooker, and
preserved in the Columbia University Herbarium. This
variety of Hooker is referred by Ledebour in Flora Rossica
to his S. muda. It differs, however, in its much narrower
leaves, and may be a distinct species.

The Oaks of the Continental Divide north of [lexico.

> By P. A. RYDBERG.

All thas of Colorado have lately been referred to ie 4
two species, Quercus undulata and 2. Gambeliz. Mr. a K:
Vreeland and t,spent a portion of last summer in thegouthern
part of that Staté yand i in studying the oaks in the field we
came to the conclusion that those of the regions visited must
belong to five or six species. The differenées were manifest
even early in the sprifg when the Jeéaves unfolded. In
the Cuchara valley aroun ‘La Veta sefub- oaks are very com-
mon. They usually grow in Marg ge“Clumps often 20-30 m. in
diameter. The roots of several of the species grow hori-
zontally, close below the surface ‘of the ground and send up
numerous shoots. These, aks also fr uit very early, often be-
core they are a meter high ; therefore, when a young oak has
started in a place, there soon grows uf, around it a whole
colony of still y ounger ones. As the youngést on the periphery
of the clump have more light and air, theyigrow faster and
soon overtake those in the center, and sack, ae the small
trees of the colony quite often have the same héight (1-5 m.)
as if they were trimmed with a gardener’s clipper. In rocky

er

(188 )

Bis

ground the colonies are more irregular and shrub-like.

When the leaves unfold in the spring the contrast betweefi
the\clumps of the different species or subspecies, as you
may ‘gall them, is best shown, as one clump is bright red,
while the next may be yellowish or gray. One of theg Fellow
forms I ‘afterwards identified as 2. Gambeliz Be fand the
gray one 1&2. Hendlerz Liebm.

In the Sot Cheyenne Cajfion, near Coloradg 4 Springs, in
Wahatoga Calign between the two Spanish g jpeaks and on
Turkey Creek, a“tributary of Huerfano Rivegs we also found
oaks but of a differaé nt habit, viz., solitary, ny ‘ddle-sized trees,
that could scarcely Be referred to 2. Ggmbeliz. Those of
the last locality, at lea&, were so unlikegany of the forms in-
cluded in 2. Gambeliz, hat I immedigtely regarded them as
belonging to an undescrit ped specigs; the thin leaves and
general habit suggest rathe&2. migor.

When I left I instructed M&, Vieeland to collect acorns in
the fall. He has sent me specighens of three or perhaps four
distinct forms of the 2. Gamée ; series. We may call them
species or varieties just as we ’ plek se, but they look very dif-
ferent in the field—more soghan in ht barium specimens. Be-
sides these I had notes gid material4gathered by myself in
1895, by Dr. Fred. @lements, of N@braska, and Mr. E.
A. Bessey, of Washi¥ Acton, D. C., in tf e years 1896-1900,
and of course the gpecimens in the herbi , ia of New York
Botanical Garde And Columbia University I found, how-
ever, that thesef collections were not sufficient to make a
thorough studyfof the oaks of the southern Rockies. I wrote
to the Missoyfi Botanical Garden and the United States Na-
tional Herbarium, asking for the loan of their specimens of
Q. undulgia, 2. Gambelii and related species. “(hese re-
quests were kindly granted. *

My fi inal intention was to confine my study to fhe oaks
of thé Rockies proper, but I found that in order to reach a
satigtactory understanding of these, it was necessary tdhtake
inj consideration the nearly related forms of the plains and
table-lands of Arizona, New Mexico and western Texas. I

Vou. II. PL.. 14.

Y. Bor. GARb.

N.

BuLt.

M. A. HOWE.

SCAPANIA IMBRICATA

VOte Ll. Piv ih.

Buti. N. Y. Bor. GARD.

DITRICHUM GIGANTEUM R. S. WILLIAMS.

Buti. N. Y. Bor. GarD. MOL alle Previtos

YUC
terre
NS

rae,

IO
O
S

BRYOBRITTONIA PELLUCIDA R. S. WILLIAMS.

Viole Ll. wee os

Butt. N. Y. Bot. GARD.

BRYUM CONDITUM R. S. WILLIAMS.

VOLes Pr no:

N. Y. Bor. GARD.

>
OS
Vea
OS.

Ba Se SOO
sora
9 O OERO RSW.

BRYUM SUBMUTICUM PHILIBERT.

.
WoL. sl Bhae2o

N. Y. Bot. Garp.

BULL.

\\
aes new)

KK)
\ |) IO
WL ese
sats
| leaks

Me

QO
(9g.

Tap)
Co
|

BRYUM SUBORBICULARE PHILIBERT.

-

Bonne N. Le bon. GAR)

at eeSe'
S ered
3:

x

=
Be

a,
TE
O

f
Re
Cs
oe
W
SS
wy,
x
OO SH
5
ee
oie
SS
Se
ROG
Ot
B

oO

we
SS
Ss
os

- BEBO,

SG;
ate
we
S
SQ
5)
sy
SS:
SO
SS
eM
se

O65) a8

Des
is
ure
Tee

w)
O
5)
O
J

CB
CG

UC

ou

OORBUU
Cea
MeSH

Ci
ca
OU

(=

POLYTRICHUM INCONSTANS HAGEN.

as
ee
i 7 et al
\ A) OO , CRO “
Oy) SY
@) WI=-OG
oY 5
8)
ie
e
NCOs

J
fates ©. bes
vey ie

Ti 1%

hai

oe
x w

VoL, Le PL. 23.

'@ =
Sr

REECE enee,

SS)
aan 2a —
a Cay m

Ley Yi. Bor. GARD-

WILLIAMS.

BRACHYTHECIUM PETROPHILUM R. 5.

Vou. II. PL. 24.

Buti. N. Y. Bot. GARD.

>

oe 2) eg

[Sy
| LEE

a
it

+

‘he
|e +
pees.
= —

ee
Sage eee er a eee
SOS

us
\]

A

az)

j Bere ane

Ea

ary
re | eee a
ieee = |
pew \.
Pea |

Soo oe : || oO

eee
SSROSCIS?

HARPIDIUM AMBLYPHYLLUM R. 5. WILLIAMS.

|
4
}
,

QK202 .C65 i gen
TWAT
3 5185 00129 2463