580.5 FB V,27:l 1950 cop, 2 27 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE— I STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS— II JOSE CUATRECASAS FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 27, NUMBER 1 Published by CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM JUNE 8, 1950 Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. University of Illinois Library BIS- HHP L161 — O-1096 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE— I STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS— II JOSfi CUATRECASAS Curator, Colombian Botany FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 27, NUMBER 1 Published by CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM JUNE 8, 1950 "•• • -^RYOFTHE PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS r V, STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I The first installment of this series on Compositae includes descrip- tions of new species of Senecioneae from Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador, chiefly collected by the author and Dr. J. A. Steyermark; included are also descriptions and critical observations concerning several species and genera of this tribe and a new combination in the genus Gongylolepis mostly based on material in the Herbarium of Chicago Natural History Museum and on my field data. Unless other- wise stated, die types are deposited in the Herbarium of Chicago Natural History Museum; isotypes of all my collections (and types when so stated) are either in the Herbarium of the Institute de Ciencias Naturales (H.N.C.), Bogota', or in that of the Facultad de Agronomfa del Valle, Cali, Colombia. I wish to express my thanks to Dr. Theodore Just, Chief Curator, Dr. Paul C. Standley, Curator of the Herbarium, and Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Associate Curator, for their assistance. Gynoxys perbracteosa Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor 8 metralis. Rami terminales subteretes nodosi internodiis brevibus foliosi adpresse cinereo-ochraceo-tomentosi vel fuliginoso- tomentosi. Folia opposita coriacea petiolata. Petiolus angulosus circiter 1.5 cm. longus, basi vaginatus, dense tomentosus. Lamina lanceolato- elliptica, basi rotundato-subcordata apice attenuata subacuta, margine anguste revoluta integra sed subtus valde remote et minute tubercu- lato-dentata; supra in statu juvenili subtomentosa vel puberula, deinde glabra nervo medio tomentoso excepto, nitidula luteo-viridis tenuiter reticulato venosa; infra dense luteo vel cinereo-tomentosa costa valde prominenti nervis lateralibus 14-16 paribus furcatis eminentibus; 5.5-9 cm. long, x 18-28 mm. lat. Paniculae cymosae rotundatae copiosae in ramorum terminationi- bus, in statu compresso 8-15 cm. latae, tantum basi foliorum pari munitae. Ramuli (inferiores oppositi) dense tomentosi bracteati. Bracteae lanceolato-lineares, inferiores plus minusve deciduae supe- riores persistentes, valde lanato tomentosae, plerumque 15 mm. long, (inferiores 20 mm. long.) Pedicelli 6-15 mm. longi tenues lanato- tomentosi 6-9 bracteati bracteis linearibus 8-10 mm. long., 2-3 superio- ribus ad modum calyculum. Capitula radiata erecta. Involucrum campanulatura lutescenti- tomentosum, 8 bracteis ellipticis apice attenuatis subacutis margine plus minusve scariosis dorso dense tomentosis 9-8 mm. long, x 3-4 mm. latis. Flores feminei ligulati 8, lutei; tubo corollae 7-8 mm. long, lamina elliptico-oblonga, 12-14 mm. long., 3 mm. lata, 4 nerviis FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 tridentata; 3-5 staminodiis piliformibus, 2-3 mm. longis. Rami stig- matici truncati sub conico-appendiculati, brevi penicillati. Flores centra les hermaphroditi tubulosi, vulgo 20, lutei. Corolla 11 mm. longa glabra, tubulo 5 mm., limbo campanulato, 5 dentato, dentibus triangularibus. Antherae 3 mm. long, basi breviter auriculatae. Stylus exsertus, rami stigmatici apice truncati et conico-caudati, penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus 8-9 mm. long, sordido albidus, pilis scab- riusculis. Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Cordillera Central; Cabeceras del n'o Paez, paramos alrededor de La Laguna del P'aez, 3450 met. alt. colect. J. Cuatrecasas 19057, die. 4, 1944. "Arbol 8 met. Hoja coria- cea, flexible, verde amarillenta brillante haz, ceniciento amarillenta enve's. Involucre amarillo tomentoso. Ligulas grandes (12 x 3 mm., tubo 7 mm.). Flosculos amarillos." This species is very different from all other known Colombian species of Gynoxys, but is nearest to G. Jelskii Hier., G. Poggeana Mattf. and probably G. baccharoides (HBK) Cass., the last of which is poorly known. G. perbracteosa is distinguished by the form and pubes- cence of the leaves, the tomentum of the bracts, peduncles and invo- lucres, and especially by the large number of bracteoles at the pedi- cels and branchlets. Gynoxys arnicae Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor parva, 4-8 metralis. 'Rami terminales subteres nodosi cortice cicatricoso cinereo vel viridi-cinereo ochraceo-tomentoso. Folia opposita coriacea vel subcoriacea petiolata. Petiolus angu- loso-striatus, 1,5-2.5 cm. longus basi dilatato vaginatus tomentosus. Lamina oblongo-elliptica apicem versus attenuata vel truncata vel subcordata; margine anguste revoluta tenuissime sinuata vel integra sed remote et minute tuberculato-dentata; supra laevis obscure viridis subnitida conspicue venuloso-reticulata glabra nervo medio tomentu- loso excepto; subtus dense cinereo (in sicco ochraceo) tomentoso, nervo medio eminenti striato, nervis lateralibus 16-18 in utroque latere, fere angulo recto 3-7 mm. distantibus, plus minusve prominulis sed interdum cum indumento occultis; 7-11 cm. long, x 22-42 mm. lata. Paniculae cymosae terminales rotundatae, 12-22 cm. lat. (in statu compresso) basi foliosae. Rami dense viridi-ochracei tomentosi in- feriores oppositi ultimi racemiformi dispositi satis bracteiferi. Brac- teae lineares acutae tomentosae, 10-20 mm. longae x 1.5-3 mm. latae, inferiores deciduae reliquae persistentes erectae patulae vel reflexae rectae vel curvae. Pedicelli teneres, 1-2 cm. long., tomentosi 3-5 bracteis muniti. Capitula radiata erecta. Involucrum campanulatum ochraceo-viridis, 8 (vel 9) bracteis ellipticis obtusiusculis, dorso dense tomentosis, margine late scariosis, 8 mm. long, x 3-4 mm. lat. Apice pedicelli 5-6 bracteis ad instar calyculum conformatis. Recep- taculum 2 mm. latum, margine alveolorum denticulato. Flores feminei ligulati 8, lutei; tubo corollae 6 mm. long, glabro lamina elliptico- oblonga 3-dentata, 13-15 mm. longa, 3-4 mm. lata, 4-nerviis; 4-5 stami- STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I nodia filiformia 2-3 mm. longa; rami stigmatici 1 mm. longi penicillati sub-appendiculati. Stylus 11-12 mm. longus. Flores centrales her- maphroditi tubulosi, 20-24; corolla 8-9.5 mm. longa lutea glabra tubulo 2-3 mm. longo limbo campanulato, 5 lobulis triangularibus; antherae 3 mm. longae basi breviter auriculatae; stylus 11-12 mm. longus, stigmatophora arcuata truncata sed conic o-appendiculata penicillata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albidus pilis scabriusculis 8-9 mm. longus. Flores in vivo intense Arnicae montanae odorem emitentes. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental, Los Fara- llones, vertiente oriental bajo el cerro La Torre en La Laguna 3500- 3550 m. alt., 1 ag. 1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21864. "Arbol 8 met. Hoja coriacea, verde amarillento oscuro haz, ocraceo ceniciento enve's. Involucre verde ocraceo. Corolas amarillas. Olor a arnica." Gynoxys arnicae fma. subtomentosa Cuatr., nova Folia infra laxe tomentosa nervis lateralibus valde prominentibus. Involucrum quam typus minus dense tomentosus. Type: Colombia, Dep. Del Valle. Cordillera Occidental, Los Farallones, lomas parameras sobre la mina El Diamante, 3000-3120 m. alt., 31 jul. 1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21834. "Arbolito 4 met. Hoja subcoriacea verde oscura haz, semimate cenicienta enves. In- volucro verdoso ceniciento. Corolas amarillas." When young the leaves are densely tomentose but later lose most of the tomentum, become more greenish and the nerves appear more conspicuous. Gynoxys arnicae var. scandens Cuatr., nov. var. Caulis valde elongatus scandens, ramis terminalibus foliatis et floriferus supra silvae arborum frondes emergentibus. Type: Colombia, Dep. Del Valle. Cordillera Occidental, Los Fara- llones, extreme N. bajando a Las Cascadas, bosque alto 3100 met. alt., 2-VIII-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21923. "Gran bejuco- Hoja semicoriacea, verde amarillenta mate haz, ceniciento ocraceo enves. Involucre verdoso ocraceo. Corolas amarillas." Additional specimen: Los Farallones, extreme N., entre Alto del Buey y Las Cascadas, bosque alto, 3300-3270 m. alt.. 2-VHI-46 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21918. "Gran bejuco. Hoja subcoriacea verde amari- llo haz, verde cenicienta enves o verde ocracea. Involucro verde ocra'ceo. Corolas amarillas." The abundant material of this species varies greatly in leaf form and tomentum. This variability can be seen even in the same indi- vidual. Var. scandens differs only by its lifeform. Thus great plas- ticity in response to special ecological conditions is as characteristic of Gynoxys as it is of Senecio, and accounts for the large number of species and conspicuous polymorphism in both genera. It is remark- able that plants of G. arnicae growing among paramo bushes are typical 4 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 trees. But numbers 21923 and 21918, representing individuals found on a lower vegetation level in the mountain forest with its large trees, are lianas; despite the excellent conditions for growth in the forest these plants can satisfy their light requirement only by climbing above the dark understory. G. arnicae is so closely related to G. perbrac- teosa that it might be regarded as a vicarious subspecies limited to the West Cordillera. Yet the distinguishing characters seem to be sufficient to justify its recognition as a different species. In G. arni- cae the leaves are larger and less consistent than in G. perbracteosa and the base is commonly asymmetrical; the tomentum on the lower side of the leaves is more abundant but laxer, and less compressed. The bracts of the panicle are longer and narrower, and more numerous. The pedicels also are longer and the tomentum of the inflorescence is short and more compressed, whereas in G. perbracteosa it is more woolly, long and lax. GYNOXYS LINDENI i Schultz Bip. This name was given by Weddell (Chi. And. I;76) as a synonym of G. baccharoides. But the species described by Weddell does not be- long to S. baccharoides HBK as it agrees more with the first specimen mentioned by Weddell (Linden 903). Fortunately I had the opportunity to examine a fragmentary specimen of this collection in the Herbarium of Chicago Natural History Museum; I was able to identify it with my number 23273 from the Nevado Santa Isabel, a locality very close to that where Linden's specimen was collected (Nevado del Tolima). A-ll of these plants are related to the two previously described spe- cies. The plants of my collection, referable to Gynoxys Lindenii, differ from the others in that their leaves are stronger and the tomen- tum is more compressed. The inflorescences are shorter and are covered with a shorter and more appressed indumentum; the pedicels and bracteoles are much shorter. The heads are smaller than in G. perbracteosa and the involucres are shorter; the flowers are also smaller; only 5 ligules seem to be present in each head, whereas in the two former species there are always 8. These ligules have a shorter lamina (8-9 mm.), while in the other species they are; more than 12 mm. long. I have measured the only two ligules of Linden's specimen and found that the tube was 6 mm. and the lamina was 9 mm. long. I think the Santa Isabel plant is very close to the Linden plant (from Tolima) in spite of having more tomentum on its leaves; the leaves of sterile branches are also larger. A plant from Barragan- (No. 20060) is a form with smaller coriaceous leaves, and appears to be more closely related to S. baccharoides, although its leaves are too acute to belong to the latter. Gynoxys florulenta Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbuscula 3 met. alta, ramorum series compactili rotundati multi- tudine floribus luteis ornati. Kami grisei adpresse tomentosi. STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 5 Folia opposita coriacea petiolata. Petiolus rigidus, adpresse cinereo-ochraceo-tomentosus, 1-2 cm. long., supra sulcatus basi vagi- natus. Lamina ovato oblonga, basi subattenuata vel rotundata apice angustata obtusiuscula, margine plana Integra, 5-11 cm. long, x 2-6 cm. lat., supra atroviridis nitida (in sicco lutescens subnitida) excepto costa glaberrima, nervis secundariis plus minusve impressus et inter se manifeste reticulato-venulosa; subtus dense et adpresse tomentosa ochraceo-cinerea nervo medio valde crasso, lateralibus 9-10 paribus prominentibus saepe furcatus reliqua venuloso-reticulata. Extremi ramorum valde floribundi, inflorescentia panic ulato-compo- sita foliata principialibus ramulis oppositis, singulae paniculae 10 cm. lat. (statu compresso); bracteis medianis foliis similibus sed minor ibus, bracteis superior ib us linear i-lanceolat is vel linearibus acutis pubescentibus, plus minusve erectis 10-3 mm. long. Pedicelli rigidi erecti adpresse tomentosi 3-10 mm. longi bracteati; apice 3-4 bracteis (3-4 mm. long.) ad instar calyculum formantibus. Capitula radiata erecta. Receptaculum marginibus alveolorum dentatis. Invo- lucrum campanulatum, 8 bracteis ellipticis apice attenuatis 6 mm. long. 2-2.5 mm. lat. margine scarioso dorso pallido-viridibus pubes- centibus. Flores feminei ligulati 5 lutei, tubo corollae 5 mm. long., ligula lineari-elliptica 7 mm. long., 4 nerviis, tridentata; rami stigma- tici longe conici appendiculati. Flores disci hermaphroditi 8 lutei tubulosi. Corolla 8 mm. long., tubulo 3.5 mm. long, limbo campanula to profunde 5-fido. Antherae 2 mm. longae basi brevissime auriculatae. Rami stigmatophori longi caudato-penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pap- pus albidus 8 mm. long, pilis scabriusculis. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Central; Hoya del rio Bugalagrande, Barragan: Paramo de Bavaya, Corrales, 3450-3520 m. alt., mayo 1946, colect. J. Cuatrecasas 20148. "Arbolito 3 met. Copa densa redondeada completamente cubierta de f lores. Hoja coria- cea, rigida verde oscura brillante haz, ceniciento ocracea enve's. Lfgulas amarillas. Flo'sculos amarillos. Involucre verde claro con una fila regular de bracteas y otra externa de piezas desiguales." I think this species corresponds to G. laurifolia HBK from Ecuador, which has not been found in Colombia. It is distinguished by the form of its leaves, the pubescent (not woolly) involucre and by the linear, long and acute bracteoles of its pedicels and calycle. Gynoxys laurata Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor 10 metralis. Rami terminal! subteretes vel subtetragoni ad- presse tomentosi grisei vel fuliginosi. Folia opposita coriacea petiolata. Petiolus longus, erectus vel cur- vatus, supra valde sulcatus, subtus angulosus basi vaginatus, dense adpresseque griseo tomentosi, 15-35 mm. longus. Lamina ovato-ellip- tica basi rotundanta vel subcordata apicem versus attenuata acuta margine integra, 7-14 cm. long, x 3-7 cm. lat., supra in vivo viridis nitida in sicco viridi-brunnea glaberrima, nervo medio et lateralibus notatis, reliqua tenuiter venuloso-reticulata; subtus adpresse cinereo- FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 tomentosa vel interdum fuliginosa, costa eminent! nervis secundariis utroque latere 14-15 prominentibus furcatis, reliquis leviter reticulatis. Inf lores centiae terminates cymoso-paniculatae basi foliosae ramis cinereis vel fuliginosis adpresse tomentulosis, erectis vel plus minus- ve flexuosis, 10-20 cm. latae in statu compresso. Bracteae ramuscu- lorum lanceolatae 6-2 mm. long., tomentulosae. Pedicelli 3-15 mm. longi erecti vel inclinati vel flexuosi aliquis bracteolis triangular! lanceolatis acutis, 1-2 mm. long., superioribus ad instar brevem caly- culum formantibus. Capitula radiata erecta vel nutantia. Receptaculum 2.5 mm. diam. laeve. Involucrum campanulatum bracteis membranaceis 8, elliptico- oblongis obtusiusculis 6-7 mm. long., 2-3 mm. lat., glaberrimis, apice ciliolatis, dorso basi callosis. Flores feminei ligulati 3-4 lutei, tubo corollae 4 mm. long, lamina 5-6 mm. long, breviter 3-dentata. Kami stigmatici glabri lineares. Flores disci hermaphroditi 8 lutei tubulosi. Corolla 8 mm. longa, tubulo 3.5-4 mm. limbo dilatato profunde 5-fido. Antherae 2 mm. long, basi breve auriculatae. Stigmata recurvata trun- cata breviter penicillata. Ovarium glabrum. Achaenia 3-5 mm. long, lineari-elliptica laevia. Pappus albo-ochraceus 8 mm. longus. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Central, cabeceras del rib Tulua: Quebrada de las Vegas, paramo 3400-3500 m. alt., marzo 1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 20399. "Arbol 10 m. Hoja coriacea, verde bril- lante haz, cenicienta enves. Involucro verde. Ligulas y flosculos amarillos." Additional specimens: Dep. Valle, Cordillera Central, vertiente occidental; Hoya del rio Bugalagrande, Barragan: Paramo de Bavaya, Corrales, 3450-3520 met. alt., colect. III-1946 J. Cuatrecasas 20166. "Arbolito. Hoja con'acea, crasa, flexible, verde grisacea, semi- brillante haz, tomentoso cenicienta enve's. Involucro verde. Ligulas y flosculos amarillos." Dep. Valle, Cordillera Central, vertiente occidental; cabeceras del rib Tulua: Quebrada de Las Vegas, paramo 3400-3500 met. alt., colect. Ill- 1946 J. Cuatrecasas 20377^ "Arbol grande, 20 cm. diam., 10 met. alt. Involucro verde. Flo'sculos y ligulas amarillas. Number 20166 is a form with longer ligules (lamina up to 9 mm. long), whereas number 20377 is a form with narrower leaves. Gynoxys laurata is also related to G. laurifolia HBK, but distin- guished from it and from G. florulenta by the shape, texture and hairi- ness of its leaves, by the glabrous involucre and short bracteoles. Gynoxys subcinerea Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor parva. Kami plus minusve tortuosi vel penduli, adpresse tomentoso-cinerei plus minus striati. Folia opposita subcoriacea petiolata. Petiolus erectus vel curvatus supra sulcatus subtus angulosus dense adpresse cinereo-tomentosus basi vaginatus, 2-3 cm. longus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga vel ovato- STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I elliptica, basi rotundata vel truncata vel subcordata, apice attenuata acutiuscula, margine plana Integra vel leviter subsinuata repandn minute tuberculato-dentata (infra visibilis), supra viridis in junioribus pilis sparsis munita, adultior glabra costa et nervis secundariis saepe albo-cinereo-tomentosis exceptis; subtus dense tomentosa albo-cinerea costa crassiuscula nervis secundariis 10-11 paribus prominentibus reliqua leviter reticulato-venosa; 3-5-9 era. longa x 2-4 cm. lata. Paniculae cymosae terminales inferne foliosae, rarnis rarnulisque oppositis erectis vel flexuosis, valde albo-cinereo tomentosae. Brac- teae lanceolato-lineares vel anguste lineares, 2-4 mm. longae. Pedi- celli tenues 4-12 mm. longi aliquibus bracteolis linearibus munitis, superioribus vix ad instar calyculum. Capitula radiata erecta vel cernua. Involucrum campanulatum 8- phyllum, bracteis ellipticis 6 mm. long., 3 mm. latis margine scariosis, dorso albo cinereo tomentosis apice ciliatis. Flores feminei ligulati 4-5, lutei, tubo corolla 3 mm. longo, lamina linearis 4-4.5 mm. longa, tridentata breviter staminodiis piliformibus munita. Flores disci herma- phroditi 12-16 tubulosi corolla 7-8 mm. longa tubulo 3 mm., limbo cam- panulato 5-dentato, stigmata gynoxyformia. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus 7.5 mm. long, albo-luteolus scabridus. Type: Colombia, Dep. Norte de Santander. Cordillera Oriental; Hoya del rib Chitaga en Vega Colombia, 2880' m. alt. 28-IX-1941 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 13473. Additional specimen: Dep. Norte de Santander, Cordillera Oriental: Hoya del rib Chitaga', cerca de Presidente, bosques 3300 m. alt., colect. 21-VII-1940 J. Cuatrecasas & II. G. Barriga 10060. This species is well characterized by its thin, flexible, nearly cori- aceous leaves which are grayish-white underneath, by the same (grayish- white) color of the inflorescence, branchlets and involucre, by the small number of short ligules, and long pedicels, and by the linear and acute bracteoles. Gynoxys paramuna Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor parva. Kami terminali nodosi subteretes, plus minus striati minute et adpresse cinereo-ochraceo tomentosi. Folia subcoriacea opposita petiolata. Petiolus 12-18 mm. long., dense tomentosus angulatus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga, vel elliptico- lanceolata, basi rotundata, apice attenuata acutiuscula, margine revo- luta integra; supra viridis in juvenilis tomentulo deciduo, deinde nervo medio excepto glabra; subtus dense adpresseque tomento cinereo- lutescenti tecta, costa eminenti nervis lateralibus 12-16 utroque latere prominentibus; 5-7 cm. longa x 15-23 mm. lata. Paniculae terminales 10-15 cm. longae, ramis oppositis valde ad- presse cinereo-ochracei tomentosis flexuosis plus minusve pendulae. Pedicelli 1-2.5 cm. longi flexuosi, 6-8 bracteis brevissimis crassis subtuberculatis muniti 2-4 superioribus vix calyculiformibus dispositis. 8 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Capitula vix radiata pendula. Involucrum campanulatum, 8 bracteis crassiusculis 8 mm. longis 3 mm. latis margine scariosis dorso adpresse tomentosis apice acutiusculis basi crassioribus. Flores feminei exteri- ores ligulati, corolla tubulo 4.5 mm. longo lamina 4 mm. longa tridentata, stigmata acuta brevissime penicillata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi, corollae tubuloso-campanulatae 7 mm. longi, rami stigmatici caudiculati penicillati. Pappus 8-9 mm. long, sordide albus. Achaenia 4 mm. longa glabra. Type: Colombia, Dep. Boyaca. Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, valle de Las Lagunillas, paramo 4110 met. alt. collect. ll-IX-1938 j. Cuatre- casas 1434. Additional specimen examined: Dep. Boyaca: Sierra Nevada del Cocuy: Chorreon de San Paulino, bosque, vert, sur, 3750 met. alt., 10-IX-1938 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 1368. G. paramuna is characterized by the shape and texture of its rather thin and flexible leaves, by the dense and appressed, grayish-white or yellowish tomentum, by its thick and tomentose phyllaries and by the shape of its inflorescences. Gynoxys venulosa Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor parva ramis extreme pendulis. Rami teretes ravi hirsuto-tomen- tulosus pilis erectis et crispis interraixis, terminales dense hirsuto- tomentosi virido-fulvi et plus minusve fuliginosi. Folia petiolata opposita coriacea. Petiolus brevis, 4-8 mm. longus hirsute tomentosus supra canaliculatus basi vaginatus. Lamina ovata basi cordata apice obtusa margine integra plana vel subrevoluta, 2-4.8 cm. longa x 13-30 mm. lata, supra in juvenilis crispo-pilosula mox glabra, obscure viridis, nervo medio profunde impresso, prominule et minute venuloso-reticulata; infra dense hirsuto-tomentosa ochracea costa valde prominenti nervis lateralibus distantibus, 6-8 utroque latere, et laxo reticulo minus signato. Inf lores centiae cymosae paniculatae ramusculorum terminalium pro- ductae, ramulis tenuibus flexuosis dense hirsutulo tomentosis ochraceis et plus minusve fuliginosis; bracteae lanceolatae vel lineares, 4-10 mm. longae inferiores deciduae. Pedicelli tenues erecti vel flexuosi 5-20 ram. longi bracteati, 2-3 bracteis superioribus linearibus acutis 4 mm. long, vix calyculum formantibus. Capitula heterogama plus minusve pendula. Involucrum campanulatum, 8 bracteis 6-7 mm. longis x 2.5-3 mm. latis ellipticis obtusiusculis margine squamosis dorso dense tomentoso-hirsutis. Flores feminei ligulatae 4, valde breves lutei tubo corollae 3 mm. longo lamina triden- tata 4-5 mm. longa 2-5 staminodiis piliformibus. Rami stigmatici conico- elongati pilosi. Flores centrales hermaphroditi vulgo 18-20, lutei; corolla 8 mm. longa tubuloso-campanulata 5 dentata, tubulo 3 mm. longo. Antherae 2 mm. long., basi auriculatae. Rami stigmatici longi appendi- culati penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus sordide albidus 7,5 mm. longus. STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Cordillera Central, Cabeceras del ri'o Lopez: Quebrada del Duende, 3400-3450 m. alt., die. 1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 18945. "Arbolito. Raraas pendulas. Hoja coriacea, flexible, gruesa, verde oscura haz, ocraceo tomentosa enves. Corolas amarillas." The leaves of this species, belonging to the group of G. fuliginosa (HBK) Cass., G. Stuebeli Hier. and G. buxifolia (HBK) Cass., are dull and strongly reticulated above. The tomentum is hirsute and the flexu- ose inflorescence is marked by the slender branchlets, long pedicels, and short petioles. Gynoxys sancti-antonii Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor parva ramis scandentibus striatis griseis terminationibus puberulentis. Folia coriacea opposita petiolata. Petiolus 8-15 mm. longus erectus vel flexuosus supra canaliculatus, dense tomentosus. Lamina ovato oblonga polygonata basi truncata vel subcordata apice obtusa. 15-40 mm. long, x 12-28 mm. lata; supra juvenilia crispo-puberula mox glabra nitida minute reticulato-venosa; subtus dense adpresseque tomentoso- ochracea vel cinerea, nervo medio crassiusculo lateralibus 7-8 brachi- atis prominulis, reliqua laxe reticulo vix conspicuo. Cymae paniculatae in terminalium ramusculorum exitibus 5-8 cm. amplae, ramulis dense adpresse tomentosi, bracteis linearibus 2-3 mm. longis. Capitula radiata inclinata cernua vel pendula excalyculata. Involu- crum campanula turn 8 bracteis elliptico-oblongis acutiusculis, 6-7 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis, margine scariosis dorso tomentosis. Flores ex- teriores feminei 5 ligulati lutei, corolla 11 cm. longa tubulo 4.5 mm. longo. Flores centrales tubulosi hermaphroditi lutei, corollae 8-9 mm. long, tubulo angusto 3 mm. long, limbo tubuloso campanulato 5-fido lobulis angustis. Antherae 3 mm. longae basi lineari-auriculatae. Type: Colombia, Comisan'a del Putumayo. Paramo de San Antonio del Bordoncillo, entre el Encano y Sibundoy, 3250 m. alt. 3-I-1941 colect. ^. Cuatrecasas 11722. "Arbusto ramoso scandens, corola amarilla." Additional specimen: Dep. Narino: Yacuanquer, 2800-3000 ra. alt., M. de Garganta 504, 4-1-43. This species is well characterized by its regularly cymose inflores- cence, appressed tomentum and particularly by the polygonal or sub- polygonal shape of the blade. Gynoxys induta Cuatr., sp. nov. Frutex 3 met. altus; rami principales robusti erecti extremis flexu- osis dense lanato-tomentosis. Folia crasso coriacea petiolata opposita. Petiolus robustus 3-6 cm. long., supra canaliculatus subtus angulosus basi vaginanti, valde 10 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 dense lanato-tomentosus. Lamina elliptica vel ovato-elliptica vel superne late elliptico-lanceolata, apice obtusa vel acuta basi cordata margine irregulariter sinuata vel laevis; supra viridis glabra nitida nervo medio et in juvenilis nervis secundariis tomentosis exceptis; infra crasso tomento lanato griseo vel ochraceo-cinereo induta; Costa crassa prominenti nervis secundariis 12-14 pro latere + brachiatis, reliqua laxe reticulo vix conspicuo; 12-22 era. long, x 5-10 cm. lat. Inflorescentia perfecte paniculato-cymosa omnino pendula, 27 cm. long, vel longior, ramis flexuosis dense lanato-tomentosis; basi pari foliis, superne bracteis lanceolatis linearibusque 15-6 mm. longis valde tomentosis. Pedicelli bracteolati 2-10 mm. longi 3 bracteis superiori- bus vix ad instar calyculo. Capitula discoidea pendula 18-20 floribus. Involucrum campanulatum 8 bracteis ellipticis acutiusculis margine scariosis dorso lanato tomen- tosis viridi-cinereis, 6 mm. longis, 2-3 mm. lads. Receptaculum 2.5 mm. diametro margine alveolorum denticulata. Flores 18-20 omnes hermaphroditi tubulosi lutei, corollae 9 mm. longae tubulo 4 mm. limbo campanulato 5-dentato dentibus triangularibus 1,2 mm. longis. Antherae 2.5 mm. longae luteae deinde fuscae basi breviter acuteque auriculatae. Kami stigmatici conici appendiculati penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus sordide albidus 8 mm. long. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Central: Hoya del no Bugalagrande, Barragan: Paramo de Bavaya, Corrales, 3550-3400 m. alt., colect. abril 1946 J. Cuatrecasas 20546. "Arbusto tallo erguido y ramas luego torcidas. Hoja coriacea, grande, flexible, verde botella brillante^ haz, afelpado grisacea u ocraceo cenicienta enve's. Cimas paniculoideas largas, lacias, completamente pendulas. Involucre verde ceniciento-tomentoso. Corola amarillo claro, luego amarillo pardusca." This species is related to G. pendula Wedd. Comparison of it with Linden 954 (in F.) shows that my plant has larger and thicker leaves with bigger petioles and broader blades, unlike the lanceolate leaves of G. pendula. The leaves of the sterile branches have a deeper cordate base and the top of the blade is generally obtuse. The ultimate branch- lets, inflorescences, peduncles, petioles and lower side of the leaves are densely tomentose and different from G. pendula, in which the indu- rnent is short and compressed. The latter is described as being radiate, a character also found in the examined specimen. G. induta is homo- gamous. Gynoxys Rimbachii Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor ramis terminalibus tetragonis adpresse tomentosae griseo- lutescentibus. Folia opposita coriacea petiolata. Petiolus 7-12 mm. longus striatus tomentosus. Lamina lanceolata firmis, 7-14 cm. longa x 15-35 mm. lata, basi truncata vel rotundata vel raro angustata, apice attenuata acuta margine leviter revoluta obtuse crenato-dentata vel sublaevis minutissi- mis dentibus callosis distantibus subtus notatis; supra nervo medio ex- STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 11 cepto glabra, infra dense tomentosa costa crassa nervis secundariis notatis, reliqua nerviatione reticulata vix conspicua. Paniculae cymosae terminales basi foliatae, ramulis striatis virido- ochraceis dense tomentosis; bracteis linearibus inferioribus 6-7 mm. longis, reliquis 3-1-5 mm. longis. Pedicelli 3-7 mm. longi aliquibus bracteis linearibus acutis tomentosis muniti superioribus 3-4 fere caly- culum formantibus. Capitula erecta radiata. Involucrum 7-8 mm. long. 8 bracteis ellip- ticis apice acutatis, margine scariosis dorso convexo tomentosis, 2-3 mm. latis. Flores feminei ligulati lutei 4-5, tubo corollae 6 mm. longo lamina 9 mm. longa 2.5 mm. lata. Rami stigmatarum acuti pilosuli. Flores centrales hermaphroditi tubulosi 8, corollae tubulo 4 mm. longo limbo tubuloso campanulato 5 mm. longo 5 dentate dentibus profundis. Rami stigmatarum longe penicillati caudati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus sordide luteo-albidus 8 mm. longus. Type: Ecuador, "Eastern Cordillera, inner slope 3200 m. Middle- sized tree flowers of center and margin yellow. Coll. A. Rimbach No. 79, december." This species is characterized by thick and firm leaves with narrowly lanceolate blades and coarsely tooth margins, by the tomentum and structure of the involucre, by the thick, enrolled tomentose phyllaries and by its long heads and ligules. Gynoxys miniphylla Cuatr., sp. nov. Frutex 60 cm. altus ramis griseis plus minusve striatis puberuli- tomentosis. Folia rigide coriacea petiolata opposita. Petiolus 3-5 mm. longus supra sulcatus dense tomentosus. Lamina minuscula ovato-orbiculata basi et apice rotundata margine integerrima, 5-1 1 mm. longa x 4.5-8.5 mm. lata; supra juvenilia cinereo crispo-tomentosa deinde glabra viridis nitidissima, costa basi tomentosa excepto; subtus densissime cinereo vel albo-cinereo tomentosa tantum costa prominenti 3-5 utroque latere nervis aliquando fere conspicuis. Cymae terminales breves in paniculas foliosas aggregatae. Ramulis pedunculisque dense tomentosae, bracteis anguste linearibus 5-3 mm. longis. Pedicelli 5-12 mm. longi recti vel curvati, 2-3 bracteis superi- oribus ad instar calyculum formantibus. Involucrum campanulatum 8 bracteis lineari-ellipticis acutiusculis 6 mm. longis 2 mm. latis margine scariosis dorso dense tomentosis. Capitula radiata plus minusve inclinata 5 ligulis 12-14 flosculis luteis. Corollae exteriores feminei glabri tubulo 4 mm. longo, lamina 3-5 mm. linearis tridentata; ramuli stigmatici acuti pilosi. Corollae centrales hermaphroditi tubuloso campanulati 7 mm. long, tridentatae, lobulis anguste triangularibus. Antherae 2 mm. longae minute auricu- latae, auriculis linearibus. 12 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Type: Ecuador prov. Azuay: paramos in vicinity of Toreador, be- tween Molleturo and Quinoas, altitude 3810-3930 meters, J. A. Steyer- mark 53175 collect. June 15, 1943 (Chicago Natural History Museum). "Shrub 2 feet tall; flowers yellow; bracts gray." The shape of the leaves distinguishes G. miniphylla from G. buxifolia (HBK) Cass., which has elliptical leaves. G. myrtoides Mattf. has obovate leaves, which are narrower near the base. The closest related species, G. We berbaueri, has cordate leaves. The hairiness on the upper side of the leaves in G. miniphylla cannot be found in any other species; it is also the species with the smallest leaves in the genus. Gynoxys aquifolia Cuatr., sp. nov. Frutex plus minusve 1 metralis ramis nodosis ochraceis vel griseis plus minusve cicatricosis superne indumento albo lanato-floccoso arach- noideo tectis. Folia coriacea breviter petiolata opposita vel aliquando inferiora alterna. Petiolus 3-4 mm. longus viridi luteus lana floccoso archnoidea decidua tectus. Lamina ovata vel ovato-elliptica oblonga, basi cordata truncata vel rotundata, apice subite acuta, margine revoluta sinuato- dentata vel raro integra dentibus plus minusve spiniiformibus; supra juventute arachnoideo floccosa deinde glaberrima viridis valde nitida impresse reticulata ner^o medio depresso; infra dense tomento albido (in sicco ochraceo) tecta, sed in juvenilis duplo indumento minuta altero superiore albo lanato-arachnoideo precipue costa marginique mox deci- duo vestita; nervo medio prominenti nervis lateralibus 10-11 paribus minus conspicuis 15-35 mm. long, x 8-16 mm. lata. Inflorescentia corymbosa terminalis oligocephala ramulis peduncu- lisque alternis erectis albo lanato-arachnoideis bracteis lanceolatis vel anguste linearibus albo-lanatis, 7-5 mm. longis. Pedicelli valde breves, capitulis aglomeratis congestis. Involucrum hemisphaericum 11-12 brac- teis acutis 4 mm. long. 2 mm. latis margine scariosis parterr, superiorem glabris nitidis apice ciliatis, dorso et basim albo floccoso-lanato to- mento deciduo tectis. Calyculum 4-5 bracteis anguste linearibus invo- lucro aequilongis vel superantibus. Flores tubulosi hermaphroditi lutei in specimine statu valde juvenile. xx Type: Venezuela: State of Tachira: limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama, near Colombia-Venezuelan boundary, altitude 3045-3475 meters J. A. Steyermark 57381, collect, jul. 15, 1944. "Shrub 3-4 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous-chartaceus, deep green and shining above, silvery white below; bracts brown-purple at tip; disk pale greenish." Closely related to G. Hid folia (L.f.) U'edd., but differing from it by its double indument. In addition to the dense tomentum on the lower side, G. aquifolia possesses a lax arachnoid pubescence at the end of its branchlets, its inflorescences, and on the young leaves (upper and lower sides), especially on the midrib and margins; this arachnoid pubescence is more or less deciduous. In this species the leaves are more brilliant above, whereas in G. ilicifolia they are pruinose; the involucre is shorter and formed by narrow, acute and brilliant bracts, STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 13 whose surface can be seen through die thin and deciduous arachnoid tomentum; in G. ilicifolia the phyllaries are longer and broader (5x3 mm.), and completely covered with a densely compressed and permanent tomentum. The calycle is formed by linear bracts of the same length, or even longer than the involucre. The heads have few flowers, usually 14-16, and always less than 20, while the heads of G. ilicifolia have more than 40 flowers. Gynoxys flexopedes Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor terminalium ramis pendulis striatis plus minusve hirsutis. Folia membranacea opposita subsessilia. Petiolus 4-8 mm. longus hirsutus. Lamina oblongo-elliptica, apice obtusa vel rotundata basi truncata vel cordata, margine integra vel leviter sinuata, 7-18 cm. longa x 3-6.5 cm. lata; supra sparse pilosa viridis nervo medio impresso hir- sutulo; infra indumento laxo viridi-cinereo tomentoso. Inflorescentia cymosae paniculatae pendulae ramis hirsutis tantum basi foliata; ramulis et pedicellis satis gracillibus et flexuosis, capil- laribus hirsutulis, 1.5-5 cm. longis bracteatis, bracteis linear! sub- capillaribus circiter 4 mm. longis. Involucrum campanulatum 8 bracteis subherbaceis elliptico-acutis, 9-10 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis margine late scariosis, dorso sparse hirsutulis vel glabris. Calyculum nulum. Corollae exteriores ligulatae paucae, 8-9 ram. longae, tubulo 3.5 mm. longae, lamina tridentata; rami stigmatici elongati acuti. Corollae cen- trales hermaphroditae 9 mm. long, tubulo 3.5 mm., limbo tubuloso- campanulato, rami stigmatici caudato-penicillati. Achaenia glabra 4.5 mm. longa. Pappus albo lutescens 9 mm. longus. Type: Colombia, Dep. de Cundinamarca. Paramo de Guasca, 3000- 3500 met. alt., 11 oct. 1939 collect. H. Garcia Barriga, No. 08098. G. flexopedes is closely related to G. hirsute Wedd., but differs from it by the longer and thinner leaves and chiefly by the inflorescences which have extremely long and slender secondary branchlets and pedi- cels. The involucre and flowers are longer. Gynoxys verrucosa Weddell var. grandifolia Cuatr., nov. var. Lamina folii late ovato-elliptica margine repando sinuato-dentata, basi asymmetrica cordata vel truncata, apice acuta vel acuminata usque ad 22 cm. long x 12 cm. lat., subtus adpresse cinereo-vel ocharaceo- ste llato-lepidota. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Central: Hoya del rio Buga- lagrande: Cuchilla de Barragan 3250-3270 m. alt., 12-IV-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 20615. "Arbolito 5 met. Tallo 12 cm. diam. o mas; corteza 8 mm. grueso, verdoso amarillenta clara y zumosa. Madera bk ica que deviene rapidamente algo rosada. Hoja coriacea, flexible, blanda, verdoso amariilenta mate haz, cinerea u ocracea enves. In- volucro verde ceniciento." 14 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 This variety is an interesting form of this curious tree, and charac- terized by its very large, broad, subcordate leaves with deep, irregular and distant teeth. The typical species is well represented in the Herbarium of Chicago Natural History Museum by a photograph of the types, a duplicate type from Linden 1050, and new material from the Barragan region (Cuatrecasas 20147, 20365, 21006). Senecio Siivani Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbuscula usque 12 m. alta, caule erecto sursum parce ramoso vel simplici valide herbaceo medulla molle. Folia alterna firme subcoriacea. Petiolus plerumque 10 cm. longus robustus supra glabrescens profunde sulcatus marginibus involutis, in- fra striolatus tomentosus, basi vaginantus. Lamina elliptica vel ovato- elliptica apice attenuata acuta, basi asymmetrica truncata vel sub- attenuata vel subcordata, in caule primario magna usque 65 cm. longa x 24 cm. lata interdum etiam ultra, in ramis secundariis sub inflores- centiam plus minusve 28-30 cm. longa x 12-15 cm. lata; margine argute dentata dentibus callosis robustis majoribus et minoribus alternantibus; supra in juvenilibus sparse arachnoideo tomentosula, deinde glabra viri- dula nitida rugulosa, costa crassa convexa nervis lateralibus perpen- dicularibus vel angulo obtusissimo, in folia maxima 43-44 utroque la- tere, in folia minima 33-34, reticulo venulorum signato; subtus densis- sime lanato-tomentosa costa crassa valde erainenti nervis secundariis prominulis ultra dimidiam partem plus minus furcato-divaricatis, mar- ginem versus laxe anastomosantibus, reliquis venulis inconspicuis. Panicula terminalis maxime evoluta basi foliosa axe robusto et ramis striatis tomentulosis, bracteis inferioribus et medianis foliaceis sub- landeolatis superioribus linearibus subulatis 15-3 mm. longis. Pedi- celli tenues erecti vulgo 1 cm. long, subhirto tomentulosi apice 4-6 bracteolis linearibus calyculum formantibus. Capitula creberrima radiata erecta vel nutantia. Involucrum campanu- lato-hemisphaericum 11-13 bracteis ovato acutis, 4-4.5 mm. long, x 2-3 mm. lat., dorso glabris apice pilosiusculo. Receptaculum 3 mm. diam. marginibus alveolorum denticulatis. Ligulae circa 10 luteae glabrae tubulo 2.5 mm. long, lamina elliptico oblonga tridentata 6.5-7 mm. longa x 2,5-3 mm. lata 4 nerviis. Flores centrales hermaphroditi 40-46, corolla tubuloso-campanulata 4.5-5 mm. long. 5-dentata, tubulo 1.5 mm. longo. Pappus sordido-albidus 5 mm. longus; achaenia paulo striata 1.8 mm. longa. (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental, Los Farallones, "Almorzadero," bosques 2950 met. alt. 25 jul. 1946 colect. J. Cuatre- casas 21698. "Arbolito, varas erguidas poco ramificadas en el ex- tremo, hasta 12 met. alt. Hoja coriacea, rugosa, verde clara cenicienta enves. Ramas de la inflorescencia verde claras. Corolas amarillas." Additional specimen examined: Dep. El Valle: Los Farallones, Almorzadero, bosques 2980 m. alt. colect. 13 oct. 1944 J. Cuatrecasas 18114. "Arbolito 4-10 met. Tallo indiviso. Hojas grandes terminales STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 15 en penacho, alternas (ejemplares mutilados presentan ramificaciones)." This species is well characterized by the size, shape and indument of the leaves which are densely toraentose underneath. The upper side is glabrous, or provided with small isolated short and smooth hairs. Because of their large size, the plant and its inflorescence are very showy in the forest. G.Silvani is related to S.lloensis Hier., S.Dielsii Domke, S. s ibundoyensis Cuatr., and S. ingens Benoist. It differs from S. lloensis Hier. by its sharper and deeper leaf teeth, smaller heads and involucres, and smooth branchlets and leaves. From S. Dielsii it differs by the acute, narrow and separated leaf teeth, the lack of rough tuber- cules above, more numerous and open nerves, and its shorter involucre. By its smooth leaves it differs also from S. sibundoyensis. The size and structure of its heads and the indument of its leaves differentiate it from S. ingens. Another closely related species, S. tipocochensis Domke, has crispate hairs on the branchlets, inflorescences, and small- er flowers. The leaves of S. Silvani are extraordinarily large, a charac- ter which distinguishes this species from all others. Fig. 1 Senecio Silvani Cuatr. 16 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Fig. 2 Senecio Silvani Cuatr. Senecio moscopanus Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor 10 met. alta sursum parce ramosus, ramis striatis glabres- centibus. Folia subcoriacea alterna petiolata. Petiolus crassus, 7-10 cm. longus supra profunde sulcatus glabrus subtus farinaceo-araneoso- tomentosus, basim versus subito et ample auriculato-vaginatus auriculis foliaceis rotundatis vel ovatis usque 4 cm. longus x 1.5 cm. latus. Lamina elliptic©- lanceolata oblonga basi sub-trundata vel rotundata petiolura anguste decurrens, apice attenuata acutissima, margine minute dentata dentibus 1 mm. callosis obtusiusculis, 35-40 cm. longa x 13.5-14 cm. lata; supra glabra lutescenti-viridis nervo medio crasso eminenti, nervis secundariis perpendicularibus utroque latere 36-40 plus minusve brachiatis marginem versus in reticulo anastomosantibus, reticulo venulorum signato; subtus indumento araneoso-farinaceo cinereo valde tecta, nervo medio valde prominenti et secundariis signatis sed nervu- lorum reticulo inconspicuo. Paniculae terminales vel axillari-subterminales magnae foliosi api- cem versus magnitudine folia decrescenti; ramis striatis parce pubes- centibus. Bracteae ramusculorum lineares subulatis 2-6 mm. longae. Pedicelli 4-10 mm. longi bracteolulati apice aliquibus bracteis lineari- bus vel lineari-lanceolato-acutis instar calyculum. Capitula erecta vel inclinata radiata. Involucrum hemisphaericum 13 bracteis ovato acuminatis, 3.5-4 mm. longis 1,5-2 mm. latis, margine scarioso apicem versus ciliatis, dorso minute calloso-tuberculatis. Receptaculum 2 mm. diametiens marginibus alveolorum dentatis. Flores exteriores feminei 8-10 lutei ligulati, corollis tubulo 3 mm. longo, lamina elliptico oblonga 7-8 mm. longa 2 mm. lata, 4 nerviis apice STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 17 minute tridentata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi, corolla lutea tubu- loso-campanulata 5 mm. longa 5-dentata dentibus triangularibus tubulo 2 mm. long. Antherae 1.8 mm. long. Stigmata truncata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albidus 4 mm. Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Cordillera Central, region de Moscopan: Aguabonita, bosques 2280 m. alt., 30 enero 1947 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 23512. "Arbol 10 met. Hoja flexible verde amarillenta haz, cenicienta enve's." This species differs from the preceeding (S. Silvani) and other re- lated species by the size of its heads and flowers, by its leaves with their very large auricles at the base of the petiole, and by the cinereous tomentum giving the lower sides of its leaves a farinaceous appearance. Fig. 3 Senecio Silvani Cuatr., natural habitat in the forest of the eastern slopes of "Los Farallones de Cali", at 2950 m.h. 18 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Senecio Arboluco Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor 5 met. alta caule herbaceo-valido 8 cm. diametro sursum ma- magis folioso. Folia altema petiolata subcoriacea. Petiolus 8-11 cm. longus, robustus striatus, supra canaliculatus anguste membranaceo margina- tus margine involuta valde tomentosus. Lamina elliptico lanceolata vel elliptico oblonga, basi plus minusve inaequilatera rotundata, apicem versus angustata acuta vel acuminata, margine minute et argute dentata dentibus 1 mm. callosulis acutiusculis; 36-42 cm. longa x 11.5-16.5 cm. lata; supra lutescenti-viridis subnitida, leviter ruguloso reticulata sparsissime minutis pilis munita costa crassa pubescenti, nervis lateralibus subperpendicularibus 37-40 paribus signatis puberu- lis; subtus dense tomentosa tomento albido spisse intricate arach- noideo, nervo medio valde prominenti secundariis prominulis. Panicula corymbosa terminalis, cum 6-8 robustis ramis 40-60 cm. longis foliorum superiorum axillaribus composita. Ramis ramulisque sparse arachnoideo-tomentulosis, bracteis inferioribus foliosis 8-20 cm. long., 1-5 cm. latis, petiolatis, supra sparse arachnoid eo-tomen- tosis; supremis linearibus subulatis 6-2 mm. longis. Pedicelli 3-10 mm. erecti hirto-tomentosuli bracteolati, apice 3-4 bracteolis 1-2 mm. longis instar calyculum muniti. Capitula hemisphaerica erecta, radiata. Involucrum pallido-viride 11-12 bracteis ovalis acuminatis 3-3.5 mm. long, x 1,5-2 mm. lat. apice ciliatis dorso sparse pilosis. Receptacu- lum 1.8 mm. lat. Flores radii 8 feminei ligulati; corolla flava tubulo 3 mm. longo lamina elliptica 6.5 mm. longa 2 mm. lata 6-8 nervis minute 3-dentata; rami stigmatici obtusi. Flores disci hermaphroditi 36-40; corolla tubulo so-infundibuliforme lutea 4,5 mm. longa. Pappus 4 mm. long., sordide albidus. Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Cordillera Central; Cabeceras del rib Palo: Quebrada de Santo Domingo, bosques 2700-2800 m. alt. die. 1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 19216. "Arbolito 5 met. Tallo 8 cm. diam. Intlorescencias terminales en panfculas corimbosas 50 x 60 cm. o mas, con 6-8 ramas axilares de hojas bracteales grandes superiores (40-30 cm. long.). Hojas mas abundances en la parte superior, sub- apenachadas, verde amarillento semibrillante haz, blanquecino tomen- toso enves. Involucre verde claro. Ligulas y flosculos amarillentos, nombre local "Arboluco de montana." This species, close to the two preceding ones, differs from them by the form of its leaves, the smaller size of its flowers and heads, and by the ligules generally marked by 8 nerves. S. tipocochensis Domke has even smaller heads. Senecio balsapampae Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor 8 met. alta parum ramosa. Rami terminales striati pubes- centi-hirsutuli. STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 19 Folia subcoriacea alterna petiolata. Petiolus circa 6 cm. longus supra sulcatus. Lamina usque 40 cm. longa x 10 cm. lata oblongo lanceolata basi subrotundata apice acutissime acuminata margine dentato-serrata dentibus majoribus minoribusque alternantibus; supra viridis rugulosa sparse puberula subnitida nervo medio crasso tomen- tuloso, subcus viridi-cinereo-tomentosa tomento arachnoideo tecta costa valde prominenti rubescenti nervis secundariis utroque latere 40 rubescentibus angulo valde obtuso marginem versus brachiatis anastomosantibus. Inflorescentia terminalis corymbose paniculata, ramis rubro viola- ceis puberulis bracteis linearibus 5-6 mm. longis. Pedicelli tenues breves 1-4 mm. longi bracteolati. Capitula parva plus minusve nutantia 3-5 ad apicem ramusculorum glomerata. Calyculus 4-5 bracteolis anguste linearibus brevibus. In- volucrum hemisphaerico-campanulatum 13 bracteis 3.5 mm. longi ob- longis apice acutissimis ciliatis margine scariosis dorso glabris. Receptaculum 2 mm. diam. leviter alveolatum. Flores radii feminei praecipue 8 tubulo 1.5 mm. longo lingua linearis 4 mm. longa. Flores disci hermaphroditi 26-30 corola tubulosa lutea 4.5 mm. longa. Pap- pus sordide albidus 4.5 mm. long. Type: Ecuador: W. Cordillera above Balsapampa, 2600 met. alt. Forest tree 8 m. high little branches, colect. Oct. 1934, Dr. A. Rimbach, No. 240. Closely related to S. tipocochensis Domke, S. balsapampae differs from it by slightly larger heads, glabrous backs of the phyllaries, short pedicels bearing glomerate heads in groups of 3-5, small ligules, the shape of the leaves, and by the lax pubescence on the lower side of the leaves. In addition, the branchlets of the inflorescences and nerves of the leaves are reddish. Senecio Pururu Cuatr.. sp. nov. Frutex altus. Kami terminali cortice rugoso, foliorum cicatricibus impressis, hirtuol-toraentoso. Folia charthacea alterna petiolata. Petiolus 5-7 cm. longus (et fortasse longior) hirto-tomentoso supra valde sulcato. Lamina ellip- tico-lanceolata basi rotundata apicem versus attenuata et acuta, margine minute dentata dentibus 1 mm. acutiusculis parce callosis; supra viridis subnitida sparsis pilis minutis crassis applicatis sub- strigosis munita, nervo medio valde signato tomentoso nervis laterali- bus 33 utroque latere angulo quasi recto signatis; subtus dense tomen- tosa virido-grisacea, nervo medio crasso prominenti nervis lateralibus elevatis, furcato ramificatis anastomosantibus, reliquis nervulis venulisque reticulum cum tomento velatum formantibus. Lamina (unici folii speciminis nostrum) 28 cm. longa x 9 cm. lata et verossimiliter valde major. 20 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Panicula terminalis inferne foliosa; ramis axeque robustis rubes- centibus leviter striatis tomentulosis. Bracteolae lineares 20-2 mm. long. Pedicelli 1-10 mm. longi tenues rigid! tomentulosi bracteolati. Capkula hemisphaerica radiata. Calyculus 4-6 bracteolis lineari lanceola,tis, 2-3 mm. longis. Involucrum 12-13 bracteis lanceolatis 5 mm. longis, 1-2 mm. latis, margine scariosis dorso leviter tomentu- losis. Flores feminei radii 12-15 corolla ligulata 6 mm. longa, tubulo 1.5 mm. longo, lamina anguste elliptica, bidentata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi 4-4.5 mm. longi lutei tubulo 2 cm. limbo ampliato quin- quedentato. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus sordide ochraceo-albidus. Type: Ecuador, prov. Santiago-Zamora: dense forest between Campanas and Arenillas, along rio Tintas, 10 leagues southeast of El Pan, altitude 2195 met. Collect. Julian A. Steyermark 53544 July 13, 1943. "Shrub 10 feet tall, flowers yellow, leaves grayish below, common name "pururu." This plant is related to S. s ibundoyensis Cuatr. and S» Diets ii Domke. In addition to a remarkable difference in the indument of the upper and lower sides (less rough) of the leaves, S. pururu is dis- tinguished by the structure of the much smaller heads. The specimen collected by Steyermark has heads of variable size, some of which are very large and deformed, possibly as a result of insect attacks. Senecio bugalagrandis Cuatr., sp. nov. Herba robusta 2 metralis. Folia alterna petiolata crasiusculo- herbacea. Petiolus longus robustus crassus 10 cm. longus plus mi- nusve pilosus supra sulcatus margine involutus subtus striolatus. Lamina rhomboid eo-ovata basi rotundato-cordata apice triangularis acuta margine repando sinuata utroque latere supra mediam partem uno lobo triangular! eminenti; supra glabra viridis subnitido nervo medio impresso, nervis lateralibus distantibus plus minusve brachiatis anas- tomosatis; subtus viridis parcissime arachnoideo-pubescenti costa crassa eminenti nervis secundariis prominulis, reliqua tenuiter laxis- sime reticulata. Panicula corymbiformis terminalis ampla ramis glabris sed sursum parce tomentuloso-puberulis. Bracteae lineares subulatae, 2-3 mm. longae, ramuli erecti. Pedicelli tenues erecti 3-10 mm. longi 2-3 bracteolati, apice ad instar calyculum 4-5 bracteolis 1-2 mm. longis, pilis crispis vestitis. Capitula erecta vel inclinata radiata. Involucrum pallido viride campanulatum 8 bracteis 9 mm. long, x 2 mm. lat., lineari ellipticis margine scariosis apice obtusiusculis ciliatis, reliquis glabris sed tenuissime tomento arachnoideo deciduo. Flores exteriores feminei ligulatae 2-4 corolla lutea tubulo 6 mm. longo lamina elliptica 8-nerviis 4.5 mm. longa x 2 mm. lata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi 7-8. Corolla lutea 6-7 mm. longa, tubuloso-infundibuliformis tubulo 3 mm. longo dentibus anguste triangularibus. Kami stigmatici truncati. Pappus albidus 7 mm. long. Ovarium glabrum. STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 21 Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Central. Margenes del rib Bugalagrande, entre El Puente y Las Salinas, 2000 m. alt., 27-111-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 20486. "Hierba de 2 met., robusta. Involucre herbaceo, verde claro. Hoja semibrillante, crasiuscula, Corolas amarillas." Among the herbaceous Senecios this species is remarkable because of its large size, the shape of the inflorescence and the structure and size of its heads. Senecio silvascandens Cuatr., sp. nov. Frutex plurimetralis caule valido scandenti ramis foliosis flori- ferisque supra ramorum silvam evolutis. Kami curvati teretes badi peridermato-squamosi. Folia crasso-coriacea alterna petiolata. Petiolus 15-20 mm. longus basi incrassatus glaber. Lamina elliptico-oblonga vel ovato-eiliptica basi cuneata apice attenuata acuta margine Integra plana vel in sicco anguste revoluta, 11-15 cm. longa x 5-7.5 cm. lata, utrinque glabra viridis et nitida; costa crassa supra sulcata subtus valde eminenti, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 6-8 arcuato ascendentibus apicem versus plus minusve anastomosatis; reliquis conspicuis nervulis levi- t**r et laxe reticulatis. Inflorescentiae corymboso-paniculatae terrninales et axillares axe robusto et ramulis erectis vel erecto-patulis, plus minusve striatis et pubescentibus, parum arachnoideis. Bracteae inferiores subfoliaceae lamina viridis elliptico-lanceolata 5-1 cm. long. 20-4 mm. lat., superi- ores subulatae parvae. Pedicelli 4-14 mm. long., erecti 3-8 in termi- nalibus ramusculis graciliter corymbosi dispositi arachnoideo-pubes- centi plurimis bracteolis 2 mm. long, lanceolatis apice scariosis acutiusculis plus minusve lacerato-ciliatis muniti. Calyculum saepe 5 bracteolis. Capitula erecta vel inclinata radiata. Involucrum hemisphaerico- catnpanulatum viride 13 bracteis oblongis apice acutis 4.5 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis margine scariosis dorso sparse arachnoideo-puberulis apice plus minusve ciliatis. Receptaculum 1.5 mm. latum longe fim- briatum. Flores radii feminei ligulati plerumque 8 corolla lutea tubulo 3 mm. longo lamina elliptica bi-tridentata 3.5-4 mm. longa 2 mm. lata 4-nerviis. Flores centrales hermaphroditi 30-34 corolla tubulosae 6 mm. longa glabra lutea tubulo 2.5 mm. longo 5-dentatis dentibus trian- gularibus elongatis 1 mm. longis. Antherae 2 mm. longae. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albo-sericeus 5 mm. longus. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental, filo de la Cordillera: Mares, 1970-2000 m. alt., 13-IIM947 colect. J. Cuatre- casas 23768. "Bejuco. Hoja gruesa coriacea, crasiuscula, verde brillante haz y enves. Involucro verde. Flo'sculos y ligulas amarillos." Additional specimens examined: Dep. Cauca, Cordillera Central; regio'n de Moscopan: Hoya del rfo San Jose, Aguabonita, bosques 2280 met. alt. colect. 1-1947 J. Cuatrecasas 23541. "Gran bejuco. 22 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Ramas hojosas y floriferas aglomeradas encima de los arboles. In- volucro verde. Corolas amarillas." This plant has a little smaller heads than the type and the leaves are larger (18 x 8.5 cm.). Dep. Valle, Cordillera Occidental; Hoya del rfo Di'gua, lado izquierdo del no San Juan en la region de Queremal, 1350-1400 met. alt., Quebradita del km. 51, colect. 25-11-1947 J. Cuatrecasas 23696. "Bejuco robusto. Hoja subcoriacea verde clara. Involucre verde. Corola amarilla." This specimen has rotundate leaves at the base and narrower phylla- ries and ligules than the type. Senecio silvascandens is related to 5. huilensis Cuatr., 5. Ascher- sonianus Hier. and S. Magnus ii Hier. It can be distinguished by the involucre with its 13-14 phyllaries, the fimbriate receptacle, the larger number of flowers in each head, the smaller size of the flowers, the large, glabrous leaves and by the arachnoid pubescence of the branch- lets of the inflorescence. Senecio bejucosus Cuatr., sp. nov- Frutex validus plurimentralis caule et ramis scandentibus. Kami curvati striolulati minute tomentulosi. Folia subcoriacea crassiuscula alterna petiolata. Petiolus 2.5-4 cm. longus supra sulcatus puberulo-tomentulosus tenuis basi incras- satus. Lamina ovalis basi rotundata apice acutata vel acuminata margine laevis et plana, 10-15 cm. longa x 6-9 cm. lata, utrinque pal- lido viridis, pilis minutis simplicibus vel furcatis sparsissime munita nervo medio puberulo nervis secundariis 7-10 utraque latere ascenden- tibus notatis; subtus magis prominentibus, nervorum reticulo laxo vix conspicuo. Inflorescentiae paniculatae axillares et ad terminationem ramorum valde evolutae, axe ramulisque striatis viridis puberulo-tomentulosis, inferne bracteis foliis simillimis sed minoribus superne bracteis lanceolatis 5-20 mm. longis herbaceis. Pedicelli 5-10 mm. longi 1-2 bracteolis muniti, teneres praecipue flexuosi apice 2-4 bracteis 1-2 mm. longis instar calyculum. Capitula nutantia vel cernua raro erecta heterogama discoidea. Involucrum campanulatum 8 bracteis glabris 2-seriatis 4 exterioribus lineari-ellipticis acutis 5.5 mm. long. 1.5 mm. latis, 4 interioribus 5.5 mm. longis x 3 mm. latis ellipticis acutis margine valde scariosis; interdum bracteis per pares coalitas involucrum asymmetricum 6-5 vel 4 partibus formantibus. Receptaculum 2 mm. marginibus alveolorum denticulatis. 28-32 lutei. 2-8 flores exteriores feminei corolla tubulosa 5 mm. longa teneri apice 3-5 dentibus asymmetricis disposifis stili non superanti. Flores disci hermaphroditi corolla 6 mm. longa, tubulo 3 mm. limbo campanulato 5 dentibus 1 mm. longis. Kami stigmatici truncati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albidus 5 mm. longus. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental: Hoya del rio Cali, vertiente izquierda del rio Pichinde, El Cairo 2100-2180 met. alt., 6 agosto 1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21970. "Gran bejuco. STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 23 Hoja crasiuscula flexible verde clara. Involucre verde. Corolas amarillas. Involucro 7 mm. long. 4.5 mm. diam." Senecio bejucosus Cuatr. var. lancifolius Cuatr., nov. var. Folia ovato-lanceolata 13-15 cm. longa x 4.5-6 cm. lata, Jonge attenuata acuta. Type: Colombia: Supata. San Francisco Road (Cundinaraarca) alt 2000 met. alt. "Slender climber with pendant shoots to 5 m. long. Leaves smooth, thick. Inflorescence very showy, heads bright yellow, but not lasting long." Collect. Haught 6125. S. bejucosus differs from all other climbing species of Senecio by the scarce indument of the leaves and branches, the broad phyllaries, the inconspicuous tubular female flowers, the flexuose pedicels and long petioles. Senecio vallecaucanus Cuatr., sp. nov. Frutex scandens caule valido ramis robustis striato-sulcatis punc- tato-cicatricosis et sparse puberulis. Folia subcoriacea rigida alterna petiolata. Petiolus robustus 3.5- 5.5 cm. longus supra late sulcatus subtus teretis glabris. Lamina ovato-elliptica vel elliptica saepe curvato-asymmetrica basi rotundata vel subcordata apice acuta vel apiculata, 24-32 cm. longa x 11-13 cm. lata, margine argute dentata dentibus 1 mm. profundis 2 mm. distanti- bus paulo callosis et margine revolutis; supra griseo-viridis opaca nervato-rugoso nervo medio sparse piloso reliqua glabra; subtus pallido-viridis sparsissime et tenuissime arachnoideo pilosa, valde nervosa costa crassissima eminenti nervis secundariis utroque latere 20-24, prominentibus extremum versus vel partem mediam furcato- anastomosantibus inter nervos laterales prominulum reticulum venulis venulosisque formantibus. Inflorescentiae thyrsoideo-paniculata terminales exfoliatae valde evolutae (50-60 cm. longae) vel axillares foliam longitudinem non superantes. Pedunculus paniculae viridis axillaris robustus 8-11 cm. longus striatus parce pilosus; parte floriferae 12-22 cm. longae ramus- culis viridibus erectis pubescentibus bracteis lanceolato-linearibus inferioribus 4-5 cm. longis 3-5 mm. latis superioribus anguste linear i- bus longis flexuosis 1.5-2 cm. longis. Pedicelli racemiformes dis- positi, erecto-patuli rigidi hirtuli 7-8 bracteatis bracteolis flexuoso- intricatis superioribus 3-4 ad instar calyculum. Capitula discoidea heterogama 21-23 floribus. Involucrum campanu- latum 8 bracteis lanceolatis elliptico-lanceolatis velovato-lanceolatis, 10 mm. longis 2-3.5 mm. latis margine late scariosis dorso viridibus apice acuto ciliolulatis. 2-4 flores exteriores feminei, corolla lutea brevissime ligulata tubulo subcapillari 5 mm. longo limbo angusto ligulato'3 mm. longo vel subcapillari-tubuloso 4-5 profunde fisso 8 mm. long.; rami stigmatici obtusi. Flores disci hermaphroditi corolla lutea 24 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 tubulo 5.5 mm. longo limbo campanula! o 4 mm. longo dentibus 1.2 mm. profundis. Kami stigmatici truncati et subconico apiculati ciliati. Achaenia costata fusiformia 5 mm. longa. Pappus 8.5 mm. longus palleo-albidus. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental; Los Farallones, Alto del Buey, bosques 3450-3300 m., 13 oct. 1944 colect. J. Cuatre- casas 18062. "Gran bejuco. Hoja grande, subcoriacea, rfgida, muy nervuda, verde grisaceo mate haz, claro enves. Ramillas inflores- cencias verdes. Involucro verde." This species of Senecio, though heterogamous and practically dis- coid, is distinguished from all other climbing and discoid species of the genus by the shape of the large leaves which are strongly reticu- late and rugose, the large inflorescence, the large linear flexuose curly intricate bracteoles at the pedicels, branchlets and calycle. S. aberrans Greenm., described as an erect shrub, has radiate heads with 13 phyllaries and different leaves. S. Pennellii Greenm., too, has radiate but smaller heads. S. vallecaucanus has a remarkable stigma, that is, truncate at the margin and conical in the center, as described by Greenman for S. aberrans. This character and the linear flezuose bracteoles are reminiscent of some Gynoxys species, e.g., S. perbracteosa and related ones. Seoecio vallecaucanus Cuatr., var. corralensis Cuatr., nov. var. Differt: folia rainora vulgo 18 z 7 cm., margine dentibus angustiori- bus, infra magis arachnoideo-tomentulosa. Kami ramulique inflores- centiae pubescenti-tomentulosi. Capitula et flores parce breviores. Bracteae 8.5 mm. long. Corolla disci 8 mm. longa. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Central; Hoya del rib Bugalagrande, Barragan: Paramo de Bavaya, Corrales 3450-3520 met. alt. colect. III-1946 J. Cuatrecasas 20153. "Gran bejuco. Hoja semi- coriacea, crasa, verde oscura rugosa semibrillantt haz, verde clara enves. Involucro verde. Corolas amarillas." Senecio calianus Cuatr., sp. nov. Frutez plurimetralis caule robusto scandenti. Kami ochraceo- brunnei terminales virides glabri leaves. Folia coriacea alterna petiolata utrinque pallido viridia glaberrima. Petiolus 5-10 mm. longus subteres. Lamina elliptica 6-11 cm. longa z 2.5-3-8 cm. lata basi cuneata apice acuta vel acuminata margine anguste revoluta costa supra crassiuscula subtus valde prominent!, nervis secundariis distantibus 7-8 paribus plus minusve angulo 45°, utrinque signatis sed apicem versus minor prominulis tenuibus anas- tomosantibus inter eos tenuissimis venulis anastomosatis minutum conspicuum reticulum formantibus. Paniculae coryrabosae terminales, ramis ramulisque subglabris, sparse et minute puberulis. Bracteae inferne foliosae sessiles parvae, superne lineari-lanceolatae acutissimae, 3-1.5 mm. loneae. Pedicelli STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 25 teneres erecto-patuli 2-10 mm. long., puberuli bracteati ad apicem 3-5 bracteis lanceolatis minutis ad instar calyculum. Capitula radiata 20-22 floribus erecta vel inclinata. Receptaculum 2 mm. diam. leviter alveolato-dentatum. Involucrum campanulatum viride 8 bracteis ellip- tico-linearibus acutis glabris margine scariosis 5.5-6 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis. Flores feminei exteriores ligulati, corolla lutea tubulo angusto 5 mm. longo lamina elliptica 2 mm. longa 1-1.5 mm. lata minute tridentata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi corolla lutea 6 mm. longa tubulo so-infundibuliformi limbo profunde 5-partito. Kami stigma- tice truncati. Achaenia striata 1.7 mm. long. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental: La Cumbre, entre residues de monte 1680 m., febr. 1945, J. Cuatrecasas 19616. "Bejuco grande. Hoja coriacea verde claro. Involucre verde. Corola amarilla." This species is easily confused with S. elliptic ifolius Hier. I checked it with an isotype in the Herbarium of Chicago Natural History Museum (Lehmann 8508) and I found that it is readily distinguishable by its coriaceous leaves. They are minutely reticulate, unlike the leaves of Lehmann's plant despite Hieronymus* description ("inter nervos laterales reticulato-venosis venulosisque venis venulisque utrinque parum conspicuis vix in sicco prominulis.") Senecio Haughtii Cuatr., sp. nov. Frutex scandens ramis pallido-brunneis subteretibus glabris. Folia membranacea alterna petiolata utrinque viridia laevia et glabra. Petiolus 10-15 mm. longus tenuis basi incrassatus. Lamina obovato-elliptica apice obtusa vel subrotundata basim versus attenuata cuneata margine laevis et minute revoluta, costa crassiuscula utrinque prominenti, nervis secundariis inmersis levissime conspicuis 6-7 utroque latere tenuibus ascendentibus inter eos venulis reticulatis fere inconspicuis; 4-7.5 cm. longa x 1.8-3.2 cm. lata. Paniculae terminales corymbiferae ramis ramulisque glabris ascen- dentibus, basi folioso-bracteatae sursum bracteis ellipticis vel lance- olatis 8-4 mm. longis munitae. Pedicelli 3-8 mm. longi erecti vel patuli levissime puberuli, aliquibus minutis bracteolis lineari-lance- olatis amplectentibus ferenti; 2-3 bracteolis superioribus vix calyculum formantibus. Capitula radiata erecta vel nutantia. Involucrum cylin- dricum 8 bracteis linearibus 8.5-9 mm. longis 2.5 mm. latis margine scariosis dorso viridibus apice acuto subciliolato. Flores exteriores feminei 5 ligulatae, corolla aurea tubulo angusto glabro 6 mm. longo, lamina late lineari-elliptica 8 mm. longa 2.5-3.5 mm. lata apice obtusa 3-dentata, 5-6 nerviis; stylus brevis ramis stigmaticis obtusis glabris. Flores centrales hermaphroditi 10, corolla tubulosa lutea 10 mm. longa tubulo angusto 5 mm. longo, limbo infundibuliformi apice 5-lobato dentibus 1 mm. profundis triangulare-elongatis. Antherae 3 mm. longae. Kami stigmatici lutei truncati papillosi. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albo-sericeus 9 mm. longus. 26 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Type: Colombia, Dep. Cundinamarca. Ubate'-Carupa Highway, alt. 2800 met., colect. Oscar Haught 6173, Sept. 14, 1947. "Stem soft, flexible, very tough. Leaves smooth, rather thick. Heads showy, bright yellow." This species is closely related to S. sylvicola Greenman but dif- fers from the latter by its smooth leaves with inconspicuous nerves, the practically glabrous inflorescence, the bright yellow corollas, and the longer involucre and flowers. Senecio vulpinaris Cuatr., sp. nov. Caulis scandens ramis curvatis rubescenti-viridis scriatis parce araneoso-puberulis. Folia membranacea alterna petiolata. Petiolus 12-25 mm. longus tenuis rigidus supra sulcatus basi vaginantis, leviter araneosis. Lamina ovato-acuminata basi rotundata vel subcordata apice acutis- sima, 5-9 cm. longa x 2.5-5 cm. tata; margine tenuissime revoluta repando denticulata dentibus minutis 0.6-0.8 mm. longis 3-6 mm. inter eosdistantibus; supra viridis laevis glabra; subtus plus minusve pube- ruli-arachnoidea nervo medio prominenti nervis lateralibus 5-6 utroque latere valde ramificatis in prominulo venulorum reticulo anastomosatis. Paniculae terminales usque ad 20 cm. longae et axillares (9-10 cm.); ramis ramulisque rubescenti-viridibus striolatis sparse araneosis, bracteis inferioribus foliaceis superioribus lanceolatis vel linearibus rubescentibus plus minus puberulo-araneosis 12-6 mm. longis. Pedi- celli 4-8 mm. longi tenues erecto-patuli 2-5 bracteis ornatis et ad apicem 4-5 bracteolis linearibus vel lanceolatis 2-4 mm. longis ad instar calyculum instruct!. Capitula patula heterogama. Involucrum campanulatum 8 bracteis elliptici-lanceolatis 6 mm. long, x 1.5-2.5 mm. latis margine scariosis dorso viridibus leviter puberulo-araneosis vel glabris sed apicem versus ciliolatis. Flores feminei exteriores ligu- latae corollae tubo 1.5 mm. longo lamina linearis 4 mm. longa apice tridentata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi corolla lutea tubuloso- infundibuliformis 6 mm. longa. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albidus 5.5 mm. longus. Type: Venezuela: State of Lara between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, altitude 2285-3290 meters. Collect. Julian A. Steyermark 55432, febr. 11, 1944 "bejuco de zorro." "Climbing; involucre pale green." Senecio vulpinaris can be differentiated from S. serratifolius Klatt by its shorter ligules and heads, the shape and consistency of the leaves, and other characters. The same differences distinguish them from both the other climbing and discoid species, or those with short ligulate flowers. Senecio ptarianus Cuatr., sp. nov. Frutex scandens. Kami cortice peridermato-squamosa ochraceo- badii, terminali viriduli plus minusve striati minute et sparse puberuli. STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 27 Folia alterna petiolata subcoriacea. Petiolus 1-2 cm. long, sparse puberulus supra sulcatus basi incrassatus erectus vel basim versus curvatus retrorsus. Lamina lace ovalis inaequilatera basi cuneata vel rotundata apice acuta vel acuminaca vel rotundata obtusa utrinque glaberrima margine laevis angustissime revoluta; nervo medio supra signato subtus prominenti nervis lateralibus utroque latere 4-6, arcu- atis ascendentibus marginem versus anastomosantibus reliqua super- ficie laevi nervulis venisque inmersis parum conspicuis; 7-12 cm. long, x 4.5-9 cm. lata. • Inflorescentiae axillares (quam foliam paulo superantes) et termi- nales corymboso-paniculatae, axe tantum tercio superiore ramificato, ramulis pedunculisque pallide viridibus breviter puberulis. Bracteae lanceolatae 6-3 mm. longae. Pedicelli subtenues recti vel curvati aliquibus bracteis muniti vel ebracteatis 2-3 superioribus vix calycu- lum formantibus. Capitula nee numerosa angusta cylindraceae erecta vel inclinata discoidea heterogama. Involucrum cylindricum 8 bracteis late linearibus acutis albido viridibus margine scariosis 7 mm. longis 2 mm. latis parce puberuiis. Flores 9-12, 1-2 exteriores feminei, corolla 6 mm. longi tubulo capillari 3 mm. longo minute puberulo limbo angustissime 3-laciniato 2.5-3 mm. longo stigmatis subconica. Flores centrales hermaphroditi corolla lutea 7.5 mm. longa tubulo angusto 4 mm. longo minute puberulo limbo subcampanulato profunde 5-dentato lobulis triangulari-elongatis 1.5 mm. longis; stigmata obtusa truncatula. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus sericeus 7 mm. longus. Type: Venezuela, State of Boli'var. Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, altitude 2285-2405 meters, collect. Julian A. Steyermark 59567, oct. 30, 1944. Related to Senecio cucullatus Klatt, S. ptarianus can be distin- guished from the former by the larger, ovoid and nearly orbiculate leaves, short pedicels, smaller heads, shorter (7 mm. not 9 mm. long) but somewhat pubescent phyllaries, 1-2 female flowers which are not really ligulate and the pubescent corolla tube. Senecio cobrensis Cuatr., sp. nov. Frutex scandens plurimetralis. Kami terminales volubili virido grisei peridermato-squamosi. Folia crassa subcoriacea alterna petiolata. Petiolus usque ad 3 mm. longus supra sulcatus glaber erectus vel basi curvatus. Lamina ovoidea vel elliptico ovata basi cuneata apice attenuata acuta margine integerrima in sicco anguste revoluta, utrinque glabra et laevis nervo medio subtus valde prominenti secundariis utroque latere 5 curvaco ascendentibus parum conspicuis reliquis inmersis vix conspicuis, 5.5-8 cm. x 3.2-4.5 cm. lat. Inflorescentiae in corymbis ramulorum terminales subsimplices pauce capituliferae basi foliosae. Pedicelli longissimi tenues sed robusti erecti 2-3.5 cm. longi glabri 3-5 bracteolis linearibus acutis 28 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 7-3 mm. longis munitis, apice 2-3 bracteolis simillimis ad instar calyculum. Capitula radiata erecta. Receptaculum 2.5 mm. diam. margine alveolorum dentata. Involucrum campanulatum saepe 8 bracteis mem- branaceis elliptico-lanceolatis margine scariosis dorso glabris viridi- bus apice acutis ciliolatis, 10 mm. longis x 2-3 mm. latis. Flores feminei exteriores ligulatae 5-6, corolla flava tubulo 5.5 mm. longa lamina oblongo elliptica 11 mm. long, x 3-3.5 mm. lata 6-8 nerviis apice 3-dentata; rami stigmatici minute papillosi obtusi. Flores centrales hermaphroditi 15-18, corolla lutea 9 mm. long, tubuloso in- fundibuliformis tubulo 4 mm. longo basi subite dilatato limbo 5-dentato lobulis triangulari-ellipticis 1.5 mm. longis; ramis stigmaticibus trun- catis penicillatis. Ovario glabro. Pappus sordide albidus 9 mm. Type: Venezuela, State of Tachira. Wet thickets, between El Cobre and Cordero, altitude 1520-1820 meters. Collected Julian A. Steyermark 57128, July 8, 1947. "Vining over tree; rays pale yellow; disk deep yellow; leaves fleshy-subcoriaceous, deep green above, pale green below, involucre grass green." This species is unique among the climbing Senecios. It is glab- rous and characterized by the shape of the inflorescence, consisting of 3-4 simple axillary corymbs (each with 3-5 flowers); these corymbs are gathered at the end of the branchlets and form a composite terminal corymb whose heads are situated at the same level. It is also well marked by its long pedicels and the large size of the heads. Senecio riolintis Cuatr., sp. nov. Frutex scandens ramis tortuosis cortice rugoso glabro ochraceo- brunneo plus minusve peridermato-squamoso terminantione laevi stri- olulato viridulo. Folia alterna petiolata crassa coriacea. Petiolus 1-2 cm. longus glaber subtenuis basi incrassatus. Lamina late ovata basi subtrun- cata vel pauce cuneata apice attenuata acuta vel subite acuminata margine integerrima revoluta utrinque glabra supra atroviridis laevis nervis medio et lateralibus paulo notatis infra caesia costa crasso- prominenti nervis lateralibus 4-5 paribus arcuato-ascendentibus nervu- lis venulisque inmersis inconspicuis. 5-7 cm. long, x 3.5-5 cm. lat. Inflorescentiae paniculatae axillares longe pedunculatae 3-4-plo foliam superantae. Axis robustus striatus nudus parce puberulus. Ramusculi tenues erecti vel flexuosi puberuli bracteis ovato ellipticis plerumque 1 cm. long, x 4-5 ram. latis. Pedicelli 5-1.5 mm. longi. Bracteoli lineari vel lanceolati 2-3 mm. longi 3-4 ad instar calyculum. Capitula radiata erecta vel nutantia. Involucrum campanulatum 5-7 bracteis ellipticis acutatis, 6 mm. longis x 1.5-3 mm latis, margine scariosis apice ciliolatis dorso viridibus glabris vel parcissime araneoso-puberulis. Receptaculum 1.5 mm. diam. fimbriatum. Flores feminei exteriores 3-7 ligulati. Corolla tubulo 3 mm. long, lamina elliptica 3-dentata 4 nerviis 3-4 mm. longa x 1.5 mm. lata. Flores STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE -I 29 centrales hermaphroditi 13-16, corolla lutea 6 mm. longa tubuloso- infundibuliformi 5 dentata lobulis ellipticis 1.5 mm. longis. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albidus 5.5 mm. Type: Ecuador, prov. Santiago-Zamora. Dense forest between Campanas and Arenillas, along Rio Tintas, 10 leagues southeast of El Pan, altitude 2195 meters. Collect. Julian A. Steyermark 53625, July 13, 1943. Closely related to S. huilensis Cuatr., this species can be dis- tinguished by its smoother leaves, lacking every trace of reticulation. The branchlets of the inflorescences and peduncles are more slender and flexible, but less pubescent; the phyllaries are broader, and less numerous, and tend to fuse; the ligules are smaller. Senecio pseudofbrmosus Cuatr., sp. nov. Herba robusta ramosa usque ad 1.5 met. alta caulis ramique stri- olulati virides glabri vel superne paulo subpubescentes. Folia herbacea alterna sessilia late ovato-vel elliptico-lanceolata basi amplectantia cordata auriculata auriculis latis angulatis, apice acuta vel acuminata margine denticulata paulo revoluta; supra viridia glabra vel sparsis pilis nervo medio notato; subtus pallido-viridia tenuiter pubescenti-arachnoidea nervo medio crasso eminenti nervis lateralibus filiformibus ascendentibus; 10-14 cm. long, x 4-5.5 cm. lat. (et fortasse majora). Inflorescentia corymbis pedunculatis axillaribus et terminalibus in paniculam terminalem compositae. Pedunculi corymborum foliis longi- ores erecto-patuli glabri vel subglabri. Pedicelli subtenues levissime puberuli-araneosi suberecti 4-40 mm. longi. Calyculum 5-7 bracteis linearibus involucrum aequilongis vel brevioribus. Capitula radiata inclinata mediocria. Involucrum late campanulatum 21-24 bracteis lineari-lanceolatis acutis, 9-10 mm. longis, 1.5-2 mm. latis apice acutis ciliolulatis margine scariosis dorso viridibus glabris vel subtilissime puberulo-araneosis. Flores exteriores feminei ligu- latae 12-20, corolla cardeno-rubra tubulo angusto 4 mm. longo apicem versus puberulo lamina elliptica tridentata 4 nerviis, 8-9 mm. longa x 3-3.5 mm. lata. Flores centrali crebri hermaphroditi corolla rubra 8,5-9 mm. longa, tubulo 4 mm. longo glabro limbo tubuloso campanulato 5-dentato; rami stigmatici truncati penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus sordide albidus 8 mm. longus. Type: Colombia, Departamento Norte de Santander. Vertiente oriental de la Cordillera: Quebrada de Cariongo sobre Pamplona, matorrales, 2500 m. alt., 26 Jul. 1940, colect. J. Cuatrecasas et H. Garcia Barriga 10247. This species is closely related to S. formosus HBK, var. latifolia Wedd., but can be distinguished by its larger size, by being glabrous or sparsely pubescent at the top of the branchlets and on the lower side of the leaves, and by its shorter heads. 30 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Senecio summus Cuatr., sp. nov. Herba aculi-rosulata rhizomate profunde inclinato radicellis capil- laceis. Folia crassiuscula omnia basi late vaginata araplectantia fascicu- lata; vagina submembranacea 8-10 cm. longa 1-1.5 cm. lata extus glabra intus lanato arachnoidea. Lamina elliptico-oblonga lanceolata basi parum attenuata apice acuta, 9-14 cm. long, x 10-16 mm. lata, supra luteo-viridis subnitida in juvenilis sparse floccoso arachnoidea lana decidua nervo medio impresso; subtus nervo medio luteo-viridi nitenti excepto albo-arachnoideo-tomentoso-lanata costa valde crassa parcis nervis secundariis ascendentibus parum notatis margine valde revoluta. Scapus albo lanato-arachnoideus folia non superans, inflorescentia corymboso-paniculata, ramulis inferioribus cum bracteis foliaceis axil- laribus superne bracteati bracteis late ovato-acuminatis vel oblongis 3-1 cm. long, x 12-4 mm. latis supra araneosi lanatis extus glabrius- culis. Pedicelli crassiusculi albo tomentulosi, 3-15 mm. longi brac- teolati apicem aliquibus bracteolis involucre simillimis ad modum calyculum 2-3 seriatum formantibus. Capitula discoidea plus minus nutantia vel cernua, plus 200 flori- bus. Involucrum spheroideo-campanulatum saepe 21 bracteis late lanceolatis 11-12 mm. longis 3 mm. latis apice acutis minute ciliatis margine scariosis dor so luteo viridibus jjlabris vel soarsissime tomento araneoso albo deciduo. Receptaculum 7-8 mm. diam. marginibus alveolorum argute dentatis. Flores omnes hermaphroditi, corollae tubulosae flavae 8 mm. longae tubulo 2.5 mm. longo limbo infundibuli- f or mi-camp an ulato 5 dentato lobulis ellipticis 1 mm. long. Kami stigmatici truncati papillose penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus sordide albidus 7 mm. longus. Type: Colombia, Dep. Caldas. Cordillera Central, vertiente occidental: Nevado de Santa Isabel, arenales 4420 m. alt. (cabeceras del rib Otun), 25-XI-46 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 23207. "Hoja verde amarillenta semibrillante haz, blanca enves con nervios verdoso amarillentos. Involucro verde amarillento. Flo'sculos amarillos." Closely related to S. culcitioides Sch. Bip. S. summus can be dis- tinguished by its shorter and broader leaves, larger heads, broadly ovate (not linear-lanceolate) bracts of the inflorescence and the broader phyllaries. Senecio onae Cuatr., sp. nov. Frutex 1-2 met. altus. Kami extreraum versus curvati tomentoso- hirti. Folia alterna petiolata coriacea. Petiolus robustus suberectus vel curvatis hirto-tomentosus basi incrassatus 6-14 mm. longus. Lami- na elliptico-oblonga lanceolata basi paulo attenuata rotundata apice acuta acuminata margine anguste revoluta et minute arguteque denticu- STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 31 lata dentibus callosis; supra viridis glabra costa impressa tomentulosa nervis secundariis et nervulis reticulatis anguste prominulis; subtus puberulo- tomentulosa costa bene prominent! nervis secundariis 20-22 paribus angulo obtuso angustis prominulis partem mediam bifurcate anastomosantibus cum reliquis nervulis reticulum elevatis formantibus; 9-11 cm. longa, 3-3.5 cm. lata. Inflorescentia terminalis corymboso-paniculata basi foliata, folium superiorem paulo excedens. Ramuli paulo striolati araneoso-puberuli. Bracteae lanceolatae vel lineares acutae arachnoideo-puberulae 10-4 mm. longae. Pedicelli teneres sed rigidi aliquibus bracteolis muniti 6-12 mm. longi. Calyculus 5-6 bracteis linearibus quam involucro minoribus vel subaequantibus. Capitula erecta vel inclinata radiata. Involucrum sphaerico-cam- panulatum praecipue 13 bracteis oblongo lanceolatis 4.5 mm. longis 1,7-2 mm. latis dorso viridibus parcissime araneoso-puberulis margine scariosis apicem versus ciliolulatis apice ciliato-penicillatis. Re- ceptaculum 2 mm. latum margine alveolorum dentato. Flores exteriores feminei ligulatae 9-12, corolla lutea tubulo glabro 2.5 mm. longo lamina elliptica minute 3-dentata 4 nerviis 5 mm. longa 2 mm. lata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi corolla lutea tubulosa tubulo glabro 2 mm. long, limbo tubuloso 4 mm. long, breviter 5-lobato. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus p alii do-alb id us, 6 mm. longus. Type: Ecuador, Prov. Azuay. Between kilometer 67 and south towards Ona, altitude 3715 meters, Julian A. Steyermark 53688, colect. aug. 3, 1943. "Shrub 5-8 feet tall, rays rich yellow, disk dull yellow." Related to S* semidentatus Klatt and 5. xanthopappus Klatt, S. onae differs from them by its fine denticulate leaves, its less developed panicules and by the shape of the heads. Senecio onae Cuatr. var. leonis Cuatr., nov. var. Folia angustiora lanceolata basi attenuata. Type: Ecuador, Prov. Azuay. Dry rocky slopes bordering Rio Leon towards Ofia, on north side of Rib Le&n, altitude 1970 met., collect. 3-VIII-1943, Julian A. Steyermark 53697. "Shrub 5 feet tall; flowers yellow." Senecio venezuelae (Badillo) Cuatr., nov. comb. Caculia venezuelae Badillo, Boletin Soc. Venez. de C. Nat., 10(68): 319, jul.-sept., 1946. This beautiful species is quite different from all others and charac- terized by its large elliptical, coriaceous leaves with long petioles and a dense tomentum on the lower side, and the tomentose terminal stem or branches. The heads are remarkable in that they never have more than 5 phyllaries and 5 flowers. The laciniate limb of the corolla has 5 linear lobes. The androecium is generally abortive and lacks anthers. 32 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Senecio Steyermarkii Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor usque ad 8 met. alta caule simplice vel pauce ramoso. Kami terminal! dense et crasse lanato tomentosi. Folia maxima alterna valde coriacea petiolata. Petiolus validus 10-12 cm. longus 8 mm. crassus satis verrucosus et spisse lanato tomentosus supra profunde sulcatus basi ampliatus vaginato-amplexi- caulis. Lamina firmis ovata base profunde cordata sinu 6-9 cm. pro- fundo lobis ample rotundatis apicem versus paulo attenuata obtusa vel subrotundata vel acutiuscula, 36-50 cm. longa x 27-36 cm. lata, margine laevis plana; supra atroviridis nervo medio prominent! crasso valde tomentoso nervis lateralibus 8-10 utroque latere, medianis angulo recto, superioribus arcuatis ascendentibus, inferioribus des- cendentibus, tomentulosis reliqua laminae laxe venuloso-reticulata notata et glabra; infra crasse et dense badi-viridi-tomentosa costa valde crassa et prominenti verrucosa nervis secindariis prominentibus ultra pattern mediam furcato anastomosantibus, cetera laxo reticulo plus minus conspicuo . Folia juvenilia terminalia utrinque valde crasse lanato-tomentosa indumento pagina superior! denique deciduo. Inflorescentiae subterminales pedunculatae quam folia breviores 30-35 cm. altae, in statu compresso 20-25 cm. latae. Rachis robusta plus minusve verrucosa dense tomentosa ramis alternis divaricatis tomentosis. Bracteae lanceolatae vel anguste lineares tomentosae 25-10 mm. long. Pedicelli tomentosi 2-4 mm. long! 2-3 minute brac- teolis subulatis muniti. Capitula homogama pentamera erecta plus minus glomerata. Caly- culum nulum vel 1-2 bracteolis basilarlbus. Involucrum cylindricum pentamerum glabrum 5 bracteis membranaceis elliptico-linearibus apice attenuate acutiusculo ciliato 7,5 mm. longis x 2.5-3 mm. latis. Flores omnes hermaphroditi 5, corolla 9,5-10 mm. longa glabra leviter strangulata tubulo 3.7 mm. long, limbo 6 mm. longo usque ad basim in 5 lacinias lineares fisso. Antherae 3 mm. longae basi breviter auri- culatae raro presences in speciminibus nostris plerumque abortivae sed filamentis persistentibus. Kami stigmatici 2 mm. longae apice obtuse conici papilloso-pilosulo. Achaenia inmatura fussiformia 4.5 mm. longa. Pappus pallide-brunneus 9 mm. longus. Type: Venezuela, State of Merida. Paramo de Pozo Negro between San Jose and Beguill a, altitude 2590-3220 meters, Julian A. Steyermark 56268, collected May 3, 1944. "Tree 20-25 feet tall, simple-stemmed or several branched, involucre pale green; leaves dark green above, buff-yellowish-gray below; petioles verrucose, covered with buff- yellowish tomentum. In dwarfed wet woods bordering paramo." = Gynoxys verrucosa Badillo, Boletin Soc. Venez. de Ciencias Naturales, tomo X, no. 68 (jul.-sept., 1946), pag. 312, no G. verrucosa Weddell, Chloris Andina, I., pag. 77 ( 1855). Senecio Steyermarkii is a very remarkable species, closely related to Senecio venezuelae from Venezuela and to Senecio neodendroides Cuatr. from certain paramos of the East Cordillera in Colombia. These STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 33 three species represent the same life form, being small trees with simple stems or stems slightly branched at the top; the leaves are large and tufted at the apex of the stem and the tips of the branches. This group of species is intermediate between the genera Senecio and Gynoxys on account of the appearance, shape of the heads, the re- duced number of flowers per head, foliar structure (compare f.i. G. puracensis, G. laurifolia, G. nitida) and the subtruncate stigma bearing a short conical protuberance, which is either acute as in S. neoden- droides or obtuse as in 5. Steyermarkii. In addition, these species have a small number of phyllaries, 5 or 6 in the first, but only 5 in S. Steyermarkii and S. venezuelae; they bear few flowers, from 6 to 9 in S. neo dendroid es but only 5 in the other two. The deep division of the corolla limb is another remarkable character common to these three species; whereas in many Gynoxys species the laciniation of the corolla is incomplete and the limb is divided only to the middle, the division extends to the base of the limb in S, Steyermarkii (and in the other two). Finally, in this species the androceum s completely re- duced, as anthers are generally lacking in the specimens observed. The same is true for S. venezuelae, while S. neodendroides has herma- phroditic flowers. In addition to these characteristics, S. Steyermarkii is very distinct from all other Senecios on account of its striking appearance, the extraordinarily large coriaceous leaves, thickly tomen- tose underneath, the typical inflorescence and pentamerous heads. Senecio gesnerifolius Cuatr., sp. nov. Herba 1 met. aha caule simplici erecto pubescenti. Folia alterna membranacea crassiuscula petiolata. Petiolus 15-30 mm. longus erectus vel curvatus supra sulcatus subtus striatus hirto- tomentosus. Lamina ovoidea basi cordata apice attenuata acuminata margine dentato-s errata 8-15 cm. longa x 4,5-9 cm. lata; supra pallido- viridis calloso-tuberculata nervo medio signato lateralibus paulo conspicuis; subtus dense mollis tomentella viridulo-grisea costa striata hirtulo tomentosa valde prominenti nervis secundariis prominu- lis ascendentibus apicem versus curvatis 9-12 utroque latere, inter eosnervulis laxe reticulatis. Inflorescentia corymboso-paniculata terminalis ramis hirtulo-tomen- tosis. Bracteae lanceolatae vel lineares acutae 10-3 mm. longae. Pedicelli longi rigidi minute bracteolatae 2-3 cm. longi. Capitula erecta radiata. Calyculum 4-5 bracteolis linearibus brevibus. Involu- crum campanulatum 11-13 bracteis elliptico-lanceolatis 6 mm. longis 2 mm. latis margine s carlo sis, dor so viridibus arenoso puberulis. Flores feminei exteriores 10-12, corolla ligulata lutea tubulo glabro 4 mm. longo, lamina 10 mm. longa 2.5 mm. lato late linearis 4 nerviis. Flores disci hermaphroditi tubulosi 8 mm. longi glabri tubulo 4 mm. limbo campanulato 5-dentato. Antherae 2 mm. longae minute auri- culatae. Kami stigmatici truncato-obtusi papilloso-pilosi. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus 7,5 mm. longus. Type: Ecuador, Prov. Santiago-Zamora. Trail between Achupallas 34 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 and Nudo de Sabanillas, altitude 3000-3500 meters, Julian A. Steyer- mark 54743, oct. 17, 1943. The general appearance of Senecio gesnerifolius is unlike that of any other species of the genus. The leaves are very similar to those of some Gesneriaceae, hirsutulous above and softly tomentose below, and marked on the lower side by prominent nerves. Its well-formed inflorescence with long rigid erect pedicels is another outstanding character of this species. Senecio toreadoris Cuatr., sp. nov. Herba 1-1.5 met. alta inferne simplex superne parce ramosa. Caulis striolatus puberulis plus minusve strigosus. Folia sessilia alterna membranacea. Lamina ovato-acuminata basi cordata lobulis late rotundatis valde amplectentibus apicem versus attenuata acuta margine parum revoluta parce repando dentata et cilio- lata 12 mm. longa 6 cm. lata; supra viridis glabra nitida nervo medio sig'nato; subtus glabrescens pallido-viridis, nervis pilosulis costa prominula, nervis secundariis 5 utroque letere tenuiter signatis ascen- dentibus, reliquis nervulis minus elevatis laxe reticulatis. Corymbis axillaribus et terminalibus paniculatis ramulis striatis divaricatis bracteis linearibus subulatis. Pedicelli bracteolati divari- cati rigidi 1.5-4.5 cm. longi. Capitula erecta vel cernua radiata. In- volucrum campanulatum 13 bracteis lanceolatis 7-7.5 mm. longis 2-3 mm. latis margine scariosis dorso viridibus glabris apicem versus tomentulosis ciliolatis. Receptaculum 3.5 mm. diam. marginibus alveolorum argute dentatis. Flores exteriores feminei ligulatae 13-14, corolla lutea tubulo 4 mm. long, lamina elliptic© oblonga 8 mm. longa 2.5-3 mm. lata 4-5 nerviis apice minute 3-dentata. Flores disci herma- phroditi numerosi tubulosi, corolla lutea 9 mm. longa tubulo so-infundi- buliforme 5-dentata, tubulo 3 mm. longo. Kami stigmatici truncati papilloso-pilosi. Ovarium striatum plus minusve strigosum. Pappus sordide albus 7.5 mm. longus. Type: Ecuador, Prov. Azuay. Between Molleturo and Toreador altitude 2590-3900 meters, Julian A. Steyermark 53021 collect. June 14, 1943 "herb 3-5 feet tall; rays yellow; disk dull yellow." This species is well characterized by its deeply cordate, amplexi- caul, stiff and membranaceous leaves, the divaricate branches, long pedicels and the structure of its heads. Senecio Pittieri Cuatr., sp. nov. Herba 20-30 cm. alta. Caulis erectis albo-lanato-arachnoideus foliosus. Folia membranacea lineari-lanceolata basi angustata et sessilia apicem versus attenuata acuta 3-5.5 cm. long, x 4-5 mm. lata, margine minutissime denticulata et revoluta; supra albo tomento-lanato tecta sed denique glabrescente viridula subtus dense albo lanato-tomentosa. STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 35 Inflorescentia terminalis corymbosa saepe simplex vel paniculata ramulis strictis albo-tomentoso-arachnoideis. Pedicelli plus minusve curvati tenues 0.5-3 cm. longis. Bracteis anguste linearibus. Capitula discoidea cernua nutantia. Involucrum hemisphaerico- campanulatum, 1 serie bracteis interioribus 18-20 lanceolatis 10 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis pallidoviridibus glabris. Calyculum plurimis bracteis imbricatis plus minusve 2-seriatis interioribus involucrum subaequantibus vel aequantibus exterioribus gradatim minoribus. Flores omni hermaphroditi corolla lutea glabra tubulo 4 mm. long, limbo tubulo so-campanulato 4 mm. longo breviter 4 dentato. Antherae 2.5 mm. longae basi minute auriculatae. Rarti stigmatici truncati sed c audato-penicillati. Type: Venezuela: Paramo de Timotes, 4000-4200 met. alt., Me'rida, fl. Jan. 24, 1928. Forming small colonies. Collected A. Pittier 12712. This species is well defined by its narrow wooly leaves, corymbose inflorescence with cernuous heads and general white wooly appear- ance. It is closely related to S. subarachnoideus Sch. Bip. ex Wedd., which is barely hairy. Senecio Pittieri really belongs to Culcitium on account of the numerous 2-3 seriate phyllaries of the calycle, the inner ones of which are as long as the periclinal ones; thus, the caly- cle and the involucre are not separated. Furthermore, the stigma is caudiculate as in Gynoxys. Senecio latiflorus Weddell var. lacunosus Cuatr., nov. var. Kami foliosi et floriferi elati. Ramusculi pedunculique longi divari- cati. Caulis submersus radiciferus longe e-voluti. Type: Colombia, Dep. Caldas, Cordillera Central, cabeceras del ri'o Otun; Laguna Roja arriba de Bosque, formacion de paramo inun- dado, 3600 m. alt. colect. 26-XI-1946 J. Cuatrecasas 23295. "Tallo horizontal ramoso y sumergido en la base. Raraas erguidas bianco cinereas. Hojas cinereas. Involucre verde cinereo. Ligulas amarillas. Flosculos amarillos." Senecio rabrilacunae Cuatr., nov. hybr. Herba elata basi stagnanti, ramis erectis 40-50 cm. altis striatis roseo-cinereis tomentoso-pubescentibus. Folia herbacea alterna sessilia late lanceolata acuta, 12-22 cm. longa, 2-3 cm. lata basim versus sine sensu angustata basi auriculatis amplectantia auriculis obtusis vel rotundatis margine minutissime et repando denticulata,utrinque virido-cinerea tenue tomento arachnoideo- pubescenti tecta. Inflorescentia terminalis corymbosa simplex vel paniculata ramus- culis pedunculisque roseo-cinereis longis, bracteis foliis simillimis gradatim minoribus ramulos vel pedunculos subaequantibus. Capitula hemisphaerica radiata cernua vel nutantia. Involucrum 36 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 20-24 bracteis interioribus 13-14 mm. long., 2-3 mm. latis, acute lanceolatis viridibus vel viridi-rosaceis arachnoideo pubescentibus. Calyculum 1-2 seriebus bracteis linearibus involucrales aequilongis simillimis sed angustioribus. Corollae ligulatae tubulo angusto pubes- cent! 4 mm. longo, lamina elliptico oblonga extus lilacina intus roseo- lutescenti 13 mm. longa 3,5 mm. lata apice integra vel 3-denticulata. Corolla disci tubulosa lutea 9 mm. longa. (-S. latiflorus v. lacunosus Cuatr. x S. formosus HBK., hybr. nov.) Type: Colombia, Dep. Caldas. Cordillera Central cabeceras del no Otun: Laguna Roja (arriba de Bosque), formacion de paramo inun- dada, 3600 m. alt. 26 nov. 1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 23297. "Tallo sumergido, horizontal, ramoso; ramas erguidas, cinefeo rosadas. Hoja verdoso cinerea. Peduhculos rosados. Involucre verde o verde rosado. Ligulas exteriormente lilas, interiormente rosado amarillentas. Flo's- culos amarillos. <:Hibrido de los anteriores?" This plant, found in a large community of Senecio latiflorus v. lacunosus Cuatr., seems to be a hybrid between this species and S. formosus HBK., as several well developed specimens of the latter were growing near the mentioned community. S. rubrilacunae shows many characters intermediate between those of the other two species, as the shape, margin and tomentum of the leaves, rose color under the tomentum of the branchlets, stem and involucre; ligules which are liliaceous outside and yellowish-rosaceous inside. In appearance it is more similar to S. latiflorus. SENECIO VERNICOSUS Weddell, Chi. And. I: 94 S. VERNICOSUS var. MICROPHYLLUS Wedd. loc. cit. Senecio Weddellianus Hieron. The type of this species is from Tolima, Linden 899, and unques- tionably belongs to var. microphyllus Wedd. It is completely different from Cacalia ledifolia, the synonymy of which is established in this paper. I concur with Greenman's opinion (An. Mo. Bot. Garden 10: 76, 1923) that Senecio vernicosus f3 major Weddell is distinct from S. vernicosus, but that it belongs to S. andicola Turcz., as suspected by Weddell. Therefore, the name S. andicola is appropriately used for the plants with elliptical and larger leaves and S. vernicosus for those with narrower, lanceolate or linear leaves. The following specimens are referred to this species: Linden 899 and Cuatrecasas 9306, 23230, 23234. Senecio vernicosus Wedd., var. nanus Cuatr., nov. var. Fruticulus 5-20 cm. alt. Folia imbricata. Capitula congesta. Forma versus S. gelidum convergens. Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Cordillera Central, arenales con- tiguos al Alfrombrado, base del Volcan Purace', 4000 met. alt. colect. STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 37 24-VII-43 J. Cuatrecasas 14707. "Frutex 10-20 cm.; hojas coriaceas, erguidas, verde claro brillante haz, ceniciento tomentosas enves; involucre amarillo; puntas de las bracteas interiores parduscas; coro- las amarillo palidas." SENECIO AND I COLA Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV II: 91 (1851) S. vemicosus B major Weddell The following specimens belong to this species: Linden 1283, Moritz 1421 (photo), Lehmann 8499, Holmgreen 874 (Ecuador), Steyer- mark 57500 (Venezuela), Cuatrecasas 5929, 9314, 9314-A, 11821, 14583, 14702, 14702-A. Senecio andicola Turcz. var. paniculatus Cuatr., nov. var. Inflorescentia magis evoluto-paniculata quam typus; folia planiora et magis denticulata. Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Cordillera Central: Cabecera del no Palo, Quebrada del rib Lopez: Las Casitas, 3640-3680 m. alt., colect. 3-XII-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 18995. "Arbolito. Hoja coriacea, flexible, verde brillante haz, blanquecino tomentoso enves." SENECIO NITIDUS (HBK) DC. Cacalia nitidaHBK. This species can be definitely separated from S. andicola Turcz., especially on the basis of its leaves, which are cordate at the base, sessile or subsessile and amplexicaul. The branchlets are densely lanuginous. The leaves are coriaceous, brilliant on the upper side, and eventually subtriangular as the edges turn up. It is very probable that the plant used by Kunth for the original description came from Bogota and not from Ecuador, a record indicated as doubtful. I believe that two collections from Bogota (Killip 34134 and Apolinar Ma. 420) agree exactly with the original description and the photo of the type specimen from the Paris herbarium. SENECIO LEDIFOLIUS (hBK) DC., Prodr. VI: 421(1837) Cacalia ledifolia HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. IV: 162 (1820) Cacalia lanata HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. IV: 162 (1820) Senecio lanatus DC., Prodr. VI: 422 (1837) The authors had an erroneous idea about S. ledifolius. By examin- ing fragments of type material in Chicago Natural History Museum herbarium and studying photographs of the types, I have been able to prove that Cacalia ledifolia HBK. and Cacalia lanata HBK., described by Kunth on the same page, are the same species. As Senecio lanatus has been used by Linneus for other species, the valid name for the Colombian plant is the second one in HBK., C. ledifolia. The typical form has relatively short and wide leaves, which are sessile or sub- sessile and short inflorescences. It is common in the paramo hills near Bogota and extends northward through the mountains of Boyaca, 38 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 where it occurs together with forms intermediate between the typical species and var. Schlimii Wedd. SENECIO LED1FOLIUS var. SCHLIMI I Wedd., Chi. And. I: 94(1855) Senecio Schlimii Sch. Bip., Wedd. loc. cit. Senecio chitaganus Cuatr., Not. a la Fl. de Col. VI: 23 (1944) While under the impression that C. ledifolia (HBK) belonged to S. vernicosus (Wedd.) (Greenman, South Am. Senecios II, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gar. 25: 807) I described this related form from the paramos of the North Cordillera (Dep. Santander and Norte de Santander) as a new species (S. chitaganus). Study of additional material proved that Weddell's idea of considering this plant as a variety of S. ledifolius (HBK) DC. is correct. The only differences are that var. Schlimii has more elongated leaves, which are narrower at the base, and larger inflorescences; the intermediate forms, as stated above, cannot be regarded as specifically distinct. By analogy Hieronymus' species S. Lehmannii can be transferred to varietal status under Cacalia ledi- folia. This plant has narrower leaves and more pilose inflorescences but intermediates are also known. Consequently, I propose the follow- ing combination: Senecio ledifolius (HBK) DC. var. Lehmannii (Hier.) Cuatr. ,nov. comb. S. Lehmannii Hier., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 19: 66, 1894. Very different from S. Lindenii Sch. Bip., contrary to Greenman's opinion (loc. cit.: 807). The following specimens were examined: of Senecio ledifolius (HBK) DC.: Herb. Bonpland, fragment type (Chicago N. H. Mus. 972238); Linden 1248, Bogota; Photo type Ch. N. H. Mus. 37871; Cuatrecasas 2877, 2878, 342, 1322, 5148, 5546, 9761; Killip 34057, 34211, 38005; Hno. Tomas 2376. Intermediary forms: Cuatrecasas 9910, 10268, 10196. Senecio ledifolius var. Schlimii Wedd.: Funck and Schlim 1291 (Herb. Ch N. H. Mus. 1023092 type collection; Cuatrecasas 13417 (iso-type of S. chitaganus) 13522A; Cuatr., Schultes & Smith 12279; Garganta 942, 757, 888, 963, 679, 678, 677; Steyermark 57226 (Venezuela). Senecio ledifolius var. Lehmannii Hier.: Lehmann 7434 (type collection Ch. N. H. Mus.); Cuatr. & Metcalf 30155; Hno Daniel 1300, 2809; Hno. Tomas 95. SENECIO LINDENI I Sch. Bip. ex Wedd., Chi. And. I: 101 This species is quite different from Senecio ledifolius (HBK) DC. under which Greenman listed it as a synonym (An. Mo. Bot. Gar. 25: 807). However, it is related to S. abietinus, the differences of which I discussed elsewhere (Not. Fl. Colomb. VI: 25). S. elatoides Wedd., which I only know by description, is probably the same species. Senecio otophorus Wedd. var. panduratus Cuatr., nov. var. Folia rigidiora coriacea saepe integra panduriformia basi late STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 39 amplectantia raro petiolata sed semper auriculato amplexicaulia. In- volucrum plus minusve pubescens. Type: Ecuador. Prov. Azuay. Paramos in vicinity of Toreador, between Molleturo and Quinoas, altitude 3810-3930 met. collect. J. A. Steyermark 53206 jun. 15, 1943. "Flowers greenish-yellow." Senecio Mutisii Cuatr., var. congestus Cuatr., nov. var. 1-3 capitula terrninalia pedicellis brevioribus. Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca, Cordillera Central. Cabecera del rio Paez, paramos entre Perro Muerto y La Laguna del Paez, 3550- 3450 m.alt.,colect.4-XII-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 19019-B. (Kerb.Facultad Agronomia del Valle, Colombia). Senecio Mutisii Cuatr. var. lanceolatus Cuatr., nov. var. Folia longiora lanceolata, 10 ram. long., 2-3 mm. lat. Capitula graciliter longe pedicellata (pedicellis 15 mm.longis) terminaliacorym- bosas (corymbis 4 capitulis) vel solitaria. Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Cordillera Central, Cabecera del rio Paez: paramos de La Laguna del Paez, 3450 met. alt. colect. 4-XII-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 19019-A. Senecio Badilloi Cuatr., nom. nov. Senecio laetivirens Badillo, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat., t. X, no. 68: 317, Caracas 1946. This name is homonym of S. laetevirens Phillip published in 1894 (An. Univ. Chile 88: 30). SENECIO HYPSOBATES Weddell.. My no. 23443 collected in the paramo of Purace' represents this species. Penland 916 is intermediate between the species and a variety collected by me in the Central Cordillera in respect to the shape of heads and leaves as follows: Senecio hypsobates Wedd. var. parvulus Cuatr., nov. var. Folia basilaria breviora et angustiora 2-3.5 cm. longa x 1.5-3 mm. lata. Scapus gracilis erectus 12'30 cm. longus violaceus. Involucrum bracteis 2-3 seriatis, 9 mm. longis. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Central, Paramo de Las Vegas, divisoria de las cuencas de los rfos Tulua y Bugalagrande, 3600-3800 m. alt., colect. 22-IIM946 J. Cuatrecasas 20328. "Acaule. Hoja herbacea, verde o sordido violacea. Escape violeta. Hojas caulinares mas menos violaceas." Additional specimen: Colombia, Dep. Cauca, Cordillera Central: Cabecera del rio Palo, altos paramos entre Quebrada de San Paulino 40 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 y Quebrada del rib Lopez: Lagunilla de Las Casitas, 3700 m. alt., colect. 3-XII-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 19008. "Escape violaceo. Hoja verde con la base y nervios violaceos. Bracteas escapulares viola- ceas. Bracteas involucrales violetas en 4 filas. Corola amarilla. Capitulos 14 ram. long., 17-18 mm. diam." SENECIO GELIDUS Weddell Chi. And. I: 95 (1855). Senecio crymophillus Weddell 1. cit. Senecio paramensis Cuatr. pro synon., PL Nov. Colomb. Ser. Alt. Trab. Mus. Nac. Cienc. Nat., no. 29: 37, Madrid, 1935. Culcitium paramense Cuatr., in id. page 36. Specimens examined: Cuatrecasas 2883, 9260, 9260-A, 23212. Senecio gelidus Wedd. fma. latifolius Cuatr., nova Folia late elliptica vel ovato-elliptica 20 mm. long, x 12-13 mm. lat. lat. Type: Colombia, Dep. Caldas. Cordillera Central: Nevado del Ruiz, arenales de paramo 4300-4500 met. alt., colect. 5-V-1940 J. Cuatrecasas 9260-B. "Fruticuletum de tallos rastreros y ramas floriferas erguidas. Corolas amarillas." THE GENUS CULCITIUM H. ET B. Humboldt and Bonpland founded this genus for the Andean species C. rufescens H. et B. and C. canescens H. et B., striking .plants whose large heads differed greatly from the species of Senecio known at that time. Later, Weddell on the ba.c»is of much more material, emended the genus, defined as its distinctive character the involucre with several rows of bracts and limited it to homogamous plants. Theoretically, species of Senecio have only one apparent row of bracts which generally is accompanied by a short series of external basal bracts called calycle. But examination of many Andean plants belonging to Senecio and Culcitium discloses many intermediate forms. Prominent development of the calycle in some species of Senecio accounts for the appearance of several series of bracts simi- lar in form and shape to those of the involucre. Apparently this seria- tion of the calycle bracts progresses from cases in which a single row of unequal bracts is present to cases with two, three or more series of bracts functioning as a multiseriate involucre. The special ecological conditions of the Andean paramos are reflected in the xeromorphic structure to the Senecios living there, and probably brought about the evolution of the multiseriate involucre. For several rows of involucral phyllaries express here a psychrophytic (xerophytic) adaptation which is best developed in these species, the whole struc- ture of which is highly psychrophytic (rosette or subrosette plants, extremely thick coat of wooly hairs, as for example, C. canescens STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 41 H. et B., C. rufescens H. et B., C. boyacense Cuatr., C. nivale HBK. and S. niveo-aureus Cuatr.). The same tendency of changing the involucre and acquiring a xeromorphic habit is found in the different sections of Senecio which reach the paramos. Thus, I do not believe that the many species now referred to Culcitium belong to the same relationship; rather, they originated independently from several groups of Senecio (discoidea, radiata, herbacea, suffruticosa, fruticulosa). Taxonomically it is often difficult to decide whedier a plant be- longs to Culcitium or Senecio, if the phyllaries of the calycle are disposed in one or two rows; this character varies even within the same species and, as a result, many species have been described in different genera by different authors. For instance, Weddell (Chi. And. I: 95) described a plant from the Nevado del Tolima as Senecio gelidus; due to its variability, the same species was also described by him in the same book and on the same page as S. crymophillus. I found this plant on the Nevado del Tolima in 1932 and took it at first for a Senecio, but after careful examination concluded that it was a Culcitium and described it as C. paramense. Dusen, who also had studied this plant, interpreted it as a Culcitium and described it in 1914 as C. Panizzae; at that time it was difficult to identify it with the species so briefly described by Weddell as Senecios. Subse- quently, after observing this species and its variations on the paramos of Ruiz and Santa Isabel (boundary of Tolima) and studying rich mate- rial and type photographs of Weddell's species, I identified it and its synonyms. The identity of Dusen's species is based on the opinion expressed by Dr. Sandwith (Bull. Roy. Bot. Card. Kew: 225, No. 3, 1941), since I had not seen Dusen's publication. Other examples are: Senecio depressus Hook, et Arn. and S. Gilliesii Hook, et Arn., which were considered by D. Don as species of Culcitium; Culcitium Poep- pigii DC., C. humile DC., C. Gayanum Remy, and C. Lechleri Sch. B. were considered by Weddell as species of Senecio; S. sabulosus DC., a plant known to Weddell, and S. p achy pus Greenman in my opinion should be species of Culcitium; S. hypsobates Wedd. is one of those many intermediate forms and the rich material I have collected shows that the calycle is 2-4-seriate in spite of Weddell's sentence "calyculi bracteis 6-8 uniseriatis linearibus involucre vix brevioribus." Another intermediate form among the herbaceous species is S. culcitioides Weddell, which he considers close to Culcitium longifolium Turcz.; it is probably a synonym of S. summus Cuatr. The existing confusion between Senecio and Culcitium is evident from the following list of synonyms. The artificial status of this genus is even more obvious in the light of the arbitrary decision by Weddell of regarding this beautiful plant with large yellow ligules as Senecio latiflorus; in spite of the typical Culcitium involucre, he put this species in Senecio because it is heterogamous and has the general Senecio habit. Later, I found other radiate species with 2-3 seriate involucres (S, niveo- aureus, S. almorzaderonis ) which show the above mentioned tendency of different species of Senecio living near the paramos, to have pluri- seriate involucres. Other species of Senecio, quite different from 42 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Andean species, also have a long or multiseriate calycle with a tendency to form multiseriate involucres (for instance Senecio panicu- latus Berg., South African, and other species). Another tendency in the evolution of Senecio species from the neighborhood of the paramos brings about a reduction in the number of ligulate flowers; Weddell re- corded the fact that high in the Andes the proportion between discoid and radiate Senecios is 3 to 1, while in South Africa it is 1 to 2. I believe this ratio is a result of psychrophytic adaptation. Therefore, I feel that it is no longer justifiable to maintain this unnatural genus whose artificial characterization breaks down com- pletely in the presence of so many intermediate forms. Although Culdtium has long been recognized, many authors have advocated its abolishment. Thus, Weddell wrote (Chi. And. I: 89): "Le carac- tere essentiel du genre Senecio est d'avoir un involucre forme d'un seul rang de folioles de longueur egale entoure le plus souvent d'un nombre plus ou moins grand de bractees beaucoup plus petites, et ordinairement de forme un peu differente auxquelles on est convenu de donner le nom de calycule. On verra que le genre Culdtium ne differe des Senecio qu'en ce que les bractees interieures et exter- ieures, ou si 1'on veut, 1'involucre et le calycule se confondent par suite de la degradation insensible (et non subite) des bractees ou folioles qui concourent a les former."; page 137: "mais dans 1'etat actuel, autant il est aise de distinguer les especes vraiment typiques, autant on est embarrasse parfois pour classer celles qui nele sont pas; aussi y en aura-t-il probablement toujours un certain nombre qui voyag- eront, selon la fantaisie des auteurs, d'un groupe a 1'outre. J'ai dit (p. 89) en quoi consiste surtout pour moi la distinction des deux gen- res, mais je ne puis me vanter d'etre reste partout fidele a mon prin- cipe, temoin le Senecio latiflorus, que je n'ai pas place parmi les Senecons qu'en raison de ses capitules radies. Toujours est-il qu'il n'est aucune Senecionee meritant quelque peu, par son habitus et par ses caracteres, d'occuper une place dans le genere Culdtium, qui n'appartienne aux hautes regions des Andes, ou bien aux terres magel- laniques, et c'est la, a mon avis, une puissante raison pour que ce genre continue d'avoir droit aux menagements des botanistes."; page 126: "il n'y a aucune ligne de demarcation entre le calycule de cette espece (Senecio latiflorus) et son involucre; aussi en avais-je, par cette raison, d'abord fait un Culdtium, sous le nom C. radiatum." Bentham and Hooker (Gen. PI. v. II: 445) state: "Genus, Senecioni quam maxirae affine, differt involucre; species tamen nonnullae sub- intermediae ab auctoribus nunc ad Culdtium nunc ad Senecionem referuntur." Sandwith (Kew Bull. 3: 225) writes: "The involucre of Mr. H.Tracy's plant shows how poor is the distinction between Senecio and Culdtium: the fact is that the outer rows of bracts are merely members of the "calyculus" placed at slightly different levels up the back of the receptacle, and in this instance they all differ markedly in breadth from those of the innermost series " According to James Small (The Origin and Development of the Compositae 1919: 131): "As is usually the case where an artificial distinction is made, the STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 43 two genera Senecio and Culcitium pass into each other by intermediate species which have been placed sometimes in one genus and some- times in the other. Indeed a new genus Shafera, has been founded which differs only in the 3-4 seriate involucre and obtuse style branch- es, and which is regarded by the author as intermediate between Senecio and Culcitium." Small also believes that the multiseriate involucres originated from the calycle the bracts of which cannot be distinguished from those at the top of the peduncle. With regard to what he says about Shafera, 1 believe that this genus cannot be con- sidered as intermediate; the plants really intermediate between Senecio and Culcitium are many species placed in this genus and many others referred to Senecio. But Shafera is a very interesting genus with respect to its morphology and habit. It is very different from all species of Culcitium, and its affinity must be sought in other sections of the Senecioneae among arboreous and shrubby forms, and in connec- tion with Gynoxys. For these reasons which I expect to illustrate in greater detail in a later paper, I am proposing the elimination of the genus Culcitium and the transfer of its species to the genus Senecio L. As I pointed out above, I believe that these species have different origins; they can, therefore, be grouped in three separate new sections of the genus Senecio, as defined below. The following list of new names and new combinations is the result of the transfer proposed above; Senecio austrorufescens Cuatr., nom. nov. Senecio rufescens DC., Prodr. VI: 413 (1837). Senecio boyacensis (Cuatr.) Cuatr. nov. comb. Culcitium boyacense Caldasia I: 5 (1940). Senecio canescens (H.et B.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium canesceus H. et B., PI. Aeq. II: 44, t. 67. Senecio cocuyanus (Cuatr.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium cocuyanum Cuatr., Caldasia I, no. I: 5 (1940). Senecio culciklattii Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium peruvianum Klatt (1894), Naturhof. Hofm. 9: 363 (1894). Senecio culciremyi Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium Gayanum Remy, in Gay, Fl. de Chile IV: 130 (1849). Senecio culcitenellus Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium tenellum Dusen, Scott Rep. Princenton Univ. Exp. Patag. VIII Supl. 267 (1914) tab. III. 6. Senecio dasyphyllus (Gand.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium dasyphyllum Gandoger, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. IX: 27 (1913). Senecio discoloratus Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium discolor Raimondi, ex. Herrera, Contr. Fl. Dep. Cuzco, ed. 2, part I: 207 (1921) (Index Ke wens is). 44 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Senecio Don-candidiis Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium candidum D. Don ex Hook, et Arn., pro synon., Journ. of Bot. Ill: 343 (1841). Senecio Poeppigii Hook et Arn. (no DC.), in id.: 342. Senecio ferruginous (Klatt) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium ferrugineum Klatt, Ann. K. K. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien, 9: 363 (1894). Senecio Gargantanus (Cuatr.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium Garganta- num Cuatr., Rev. Acad. Colomb. C.E.F.y Nat. vol. 5: 29, fig. 16 (1942). Senecio glacialis (Meyen et Walp.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium gla- ciate Meyen et Walp., Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XIX, Supl. I: 278 (1843). Senecio Haenkeanus Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium Haenkei Weddell Chi. And. I: 139 (1855). Senecio lingulatus (Schlecht.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium lingulatum (Schlecht.) Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sc. XXVII: 390 (1937). Probably synonym of C. ledifolium HBK. Senecio Neeanus Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium Neaei Sch. Bip., Weddell, Chi. And. I: 140 (1855). Senecio Neaei Wedd. pro synon., no DC., Culcitium nivale HBK.var. Neaei DC., Prodr. IV: 325 (1837). Senecio neoascendens Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium adscendens Bench., PL Hartw.: 205 (1845). Possibly identical with C. hypoleucum Turcz. Senecio neodenticulatus Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium denticulatum Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, I: 205 (1851). Senecio neosessilis Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium sessile Speg., Rev. Agron. La Plata 3: 533 (1897). Senecio nivalis (HBK) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium nivale HBK, Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. IV: 171 (1820). Senecio Pavonii (Wedd.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium Pavoni Wedd., Chi. And. I: 141 (1855). Senecio Pflanzii (Perkins) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium Pflanzii Perkins, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XLIX: 229 (1913). Senecio pichinchensis (Cuatr.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium pichin- chense Cuatr., An. Univ. Madrid IV, fasc. 2°: 215 (1935). Senecio Poeppigii (DC.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium Poeppigii DC., Prodr. VI: 324 (1837). Cacalia candicans Poepp. pi. exs. 670 ex DC. pro synon. "a Senecione candicante omnine differt." Senecio puracensis (Cuatr.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium puracense Cuatr., Not. Fl. Colomb. VI: 31 (1944). Senecio reflexifolius Cuatr., nom. nov. Senecio reflexus HBK, Nov. Gen. et Sp. Pi. IV: 182 (1820). Senecio reflexus (HBK) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium reflexum HBK, STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 45 Nov. Gen. et Sp. Pi. IV: 171 (1820). Senecio rex (Sandwith) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium rex Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1941: 224 (1942). Senecio romeroides Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium rosmarinifolium Benth., Pi. Hartw.: 207 (1845). Senecio santanderensis (Cuatr.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium santan- derense Cuatr., Rev. Acad. Colomb. C.E.F.y Nat., vol. V: 28 t. 3 (1942). Senecio serratifolius (Meyen et Walp.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium serrati folium Meyen et Walp., Nov. Acta Natur. Cur. XIX Supl. I: 279(1843). Senecio Sodiroi (Hieron.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium Sodiroi Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 63 (1900). Senecio vulcanopichis Cuatr., nom. nov. Senecio pichinchensis Green- man, An. Miss. Bot. G. XXV: 814 (1938). Senecio Wedglacialis Cuatr., nom. nov. Senecio glacialis Weddell Chi. And. I: 113 (1855). Senecio rufescens (H. et B.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium rufescens H. et B., PL Aeq. II: 1, t. 66 (1809). Senecio Sodirscandens Cuatr., nom. nov. Senecio Sodiroi Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 73 (1900). LIST OF PUBLISHED SPECIES OF CULCITIUMWITH THEIR SYNONYMS: Culcitium adscendens Benth., PL Hartw. 205 (1845) see Senecio neo- ascendens Cuatr. nom. nov. Senecio adscendens Bojer ex DC. Prodr. VI: 378 (1837) is an earlier African species. Culcitium boyacense Cuatr., Caldasia I: 5 (1940) see Senecio boya- censis (Cuatr.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium candidum D. Don ex Hook, et Arn., pro synon., Journ. of Bot. Ill: 343 (1841) see Senecio Don-candidus Cuatr., nom. nov., Senecio Poeppigii Hook, et Arn., not DC., loc. cit.: 342. The name Senecio candidus is not available for this species be- cause it was used before by De Candolle for another species from Sicily (Prodr. VI: 355, 1837), (Cineraria Candida Presl., 1821). The epithet Poeppigii is a homonym of the earlier name Culcitium Poeppigii DC., Prodr. VI: 324 (1837). Culcitium canescens H. et B., PL Aeq. II: 41, t. 67 see Senecio canescens (H. et B.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium cocuyanum Cuatr., Caldasia I, nf I: 5 (1940) see Senecio cocuyanus (Cuatr.) Cuatr., nov. comb. 46 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Culcitium dasyphyllum Gandoger, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. DC: 27 (1913) see Senecio dasyphyllus (Gand.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium dentatum D. Don msc. ex Hook, et Arn., pro synon. Senecio Gilliesii Hook, et Arn., Journ. of Bot. Ill: 343 (1841). Culcitium denticulatum Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, I: 205 (1851) see Senecio neodenticulatus Cuatr., nom. nov. The name Senecio denticulatus O. F. Muell. is pre-occupied for a European plant (Fl. Dan., 791; 1766); it is a form of S. vulgaris L. Culcitium depressum D. Don msc. ex Hook, et Arn. pro synon. Senecio depressus Hook, et Arn., Journ. of Bot. HI: 342 (1841). Culcitium discolor Raimondi, ex Herrera, Contr. Fl. Dep. Cuzco, ed. 2, part I: 207 (1921) according to Index Kewensis. See Senecio dis- coloratus Cuatr., nom. nov. Previously published names: Senecio discolor DC., Prodr. VI: 412 (1937), plant from Jamaica; S. discolor Bojer in DC., Prodr. VI: 379 (1937) and S. discolor Desf. Gynura hematophylla DC., Prodr. VI: 299. Culcitium ferrugineum Klatt, Ann. K. K. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien, 9: 363 (1894). See Senecio ferrugineus (Klatt) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium Gargantanum Cuatr., Rev. Acad. Colomb. C. E. F. y Nat., vol. 5: 29, fig. 16 (1942). See Senecio Gargantanus (Cuatr.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium Gayanum Remy, in Gay, Fl. de Chile IV: 130 (1849). See Senecio culciremyi Cuatr., nom. nov. The epithet of Remy cannot be used for this species because it would be a homonym of an earlier different species (Senecio Gaya- num DC., Prodr. VI: 414 (1837)). Culeitium glaciale Meyen et Walp., Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XIX, Supl. I: 278 (1843). See Senecio glacialis (Meyen et Walp.) Cuatr., nov. comb. This new combination eliminates Senecio glacialis Sch. Bip. (which is a Doronicum) and S. glacialis Weddell, Chi. And. I: 113 (1855). For the latter I proposed Senecio Wedglacialis. Culcitium Gilliesii Speg., An. Soc. Cient. Arg. $3: 12 (1902). Senecio Gilliesii Hook, et Am., Journ. of Bot. Ill: 343 (1841). Culcitium Haenkei Weddell, Chi. And. I: 139 (1855). See Senecio Haenkeanus Cuatr., nom. nov. The name Senecio Haenkei DC., Prodr. VI: 413 (1837) is preoccu- pied for another species. Culcitium Herrerae Mattf. ex Herrera, An. Univ. Cuzco, I: 189 (1926). This is a nomen nudum. STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 47 Culcitium humile DC., Prodr. Vt 325 (1837). See Senecio Candolii Wedd., Chi. And. I: (1855). Senecio humilis Desf. (Fl. Atl. II: 271 (1798) is preoccupied for a plant from Sicily. Cacalia humilis HBK. (1820) is S. repens DC. Culcitium hyoseridis Benth., PI. Hartw.: 204 (1845). According to Weddell this plant could be a synonym of Senecio repens DC. Culcitium hypoleucum Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, I: 206 (1851). An Australian plant is named Senecio hypoleucus F. Muell. ex Benth., Fl. Austr. Ill: 672 (1866). As the plant of Turczaninow is not well known, I want to avoid giving it a new name. Weddell suggested the possibility that it is a synonym of Culcitium adscen- dens Benth. Culcitium ilicifolium Sprengel, Synop. Ill: 431 (1826). Gynoxys ilici- folia (L.) Wedd., Stahelina ilicifolia L., Cacalia ilicifolia HBK, Senecio Scrobicaria DC. Culcitium Lechlerii Sch. Bip., Bonplandia, IV: 55 (1856), nomen nudum. Senecio Lechlerii Philippi is another species (An. Univ. Chile: 499(1873)). Culcitium ledifolium HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. PI. IV: 170 (1820). According to Hieronymus, this species is a synonym of C. reflexum HBK. I accepted this synonymy in an earlier paper after seeing the type specimens in the Willdenow and Dahlem herbaria. But after examining the photograph of the type of the Paris Herbarium, C. ledifolium seems to be different from C. reflexum and is possibly a synonym of another published species. Weddell considered it as similar to Senecio sabulosus DC., but I think it is very close to C. puracense Cuatr. and C. lingulatum Blake. It would be prema- ture to name this plant before it has been identified correctly. Senecio ledifolius (HBK) DC., is an earlier published homonym of a plant described by Kunth as Cacalia ledifolia on a preceding page of the book (p. 160) previously mentioned. Culcitium lineare Spreng., Synopsis III: 431 (1826). This name is a synonym of Cacalia linearis Labill., an Australian plant belonging to the genus Bedfordia (B. linearis DC., Prodr. VI: 333 and 441). Culcitium lingulatum (Schlecht.) Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sc. XXVII: 390 (1937). See Senecio lingulatum (Schlecht.) Cuatr., nov. comb. This inadequately known species might be a synonym of C. ledi- folium HBK. 48 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Culcitium longifolium. Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV I: 206 (1851). This epithet has also been given to another species: Senecio longifolius L., Sp. PI. ed. II: 1222 (1763), a South African plant. As the plant of Turczaninow is poorly known, and the possibility remains that a valid synonym exists for it, I am not giving it a new name here. Weddell (Chi. And. I: 139) expressed the idea that it is similar to Senecio culcitinid.es Wedd. and stated that is is identi- cal with some leaves collected by Bonpland. I have seen some of these leaves and am of the opinion that they probably belong to the species here described as Senecio summus. Culcitium ma ^e Hani cum Hombr. et Jacq.; Dene., Bot. Voyag. Astrol. et Zel.: 45 (1837-1840). Senecio magellanicus Hook, et Arn. in Hook. Journ. Bot. Ill: 343 (1841). Culcitium Neaei Sch. Bip., Weddell, Chi. And. I: 140 (1855). See Senecio Neeanus Cuatr., nom. nov. Senecio Neaei Wedd. pro synon., not DC. Culcitium nivale HBK. var.- Neaei DC., Prodr. IV: 325 (1837). The epithet of Schultz Bip. and Weddell cannot be used for this species because of an earlier homonym, Senecio Neaei DC., Prodr. IV: 413 (1837) for another species. Culcitium nitidum Spreng., Synopsis III: 431 (1826). Senecio nitidus (HBK) DC. (1837), Cacalia nitida HBK (1820). Culcitium nivale HBK., Nov. Gen: Sp. PL IV: 171 (1820). See Senecio nivalis (HBK) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium niveo-aureum Cuatr., Caldasia 1: 8 (1940), pro synon. Senecio niveo-aureus Cuatr., loc. cit. Culcitium ovatum (Schlecht.) Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sc. XXVII: 390 (1937). See Senecio reflexus (HBK) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culci- tium reflexum HBK (1820) Nov. Gen. et Sp. PI.: 171. Lasiocephalus ovatus Schlecht., Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl. Mag. VIII: 308 (1814). Culci- tium uniflorum Hieron. Engler Bot. Jahrb. XIX: 63 (1894). The epithet ovatus cannot be used for this species because of the earlier homonym Senecio ovatus Willd. Sp. PI. Ill: 2004 (1804), designating a European plant. According to Blake the binomial Gnaphalium uniflorum Lam. is invalidated by G. uniflorum Miller (1768). But Kunth's name has priority. The new combination S» reflexus (HBK.) Cuatr. eliminates another name of Kunth, Senecio reflexus HBK., Sp. PI. IV: 182, for which I have proposed the new name of Senecio reflexifolius. Culcitium Panizzae Duse, Nuovo Giornale Bot. Ital., Ser. II, XII: 285 (1914). Senecio gelidus Wedd., Chi. And. I: 95 (1855). Culcitium paramense Cuatr., Trab. Mus. Nac. Cienc. Nat. n. 29: 36, fig. 14 (1935). Senecio gelidus Wedd., Chi. And. I: 95 (1855). STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 49 Culcitium Pavoni Wedd., Chi. And. I: 141(1855). See Senecio Pavoni (Wedd.), Cuatr. nov. comb. According to Weddell it is related to S. Hohenackeri. Culcitium peduncularis Macloskie, in Scott. Rep. Princenton Univ. Exp. Patag. VIII Supl. Bot.: 267(1915). Plagiocheilus pedun- cularis (HBK) Wedd., ChL And. I: 61. Leptinella peduncularis DC., Prodr. VI: 141 (1837). Hippia peduncularis HBK., Sp. PI. IV: 301 (1820). Senecio peduncularis Griseb., Spicil. Fl. Rumelica II: 224 (1843- 44) is a very different plant. Culcicium peruvianum Klatt, Naturhof. Hofm. 9: 363 (1894). See Senecio culciklattii Cuatr., nom. nov. The name Senecio peruvianus Pers. (Synops. II: 436, (1807)) refers to another species. Culcitium Pflanzii Perkins, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XLIX: 229 (1913). See Senecio Pflanzii (Perkins) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium pichinchense Cuatr., An. Univ. Madrid, IV, fasc. 2 : 215 (1935). See Senecio pichinchensis (Cuatr.) Cuatr., nov. comb. This invalidates the later name of Greenman, S. pichinchensis An. Miss. Bot. G. XXV: 814 (1938) for which I have proposed the new name Senecio vulcanopichis, Culcitium Poeppigii DC., Prodr. VI: 324 (1837). See Senecio Poeppi- gii (DC.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Cacalia candicans Poepp. pi. exs. 670 ex DC. pro synon. ("a Senecione candicante omnine differt."). Culcitium puracense Cuatr., Not. Fl. Colomb. VI: 31 (1944). See Senecio puracensis (Cuatr.), Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium reflexum HBK, Nov. Gen. et Sp. PI. IV: 171 (1820). See Senecio reflexus (HBK) Cuatr., nov. comb. See above Culcitium ovatum. Culcitium rex Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1941: 224 (1942). See Senecio rex (Sandwith) Cuatr., nov. comb. Apart from its affinity with S. gelidus Wedd., suggested by Sand- with in his original paper, it is probably also related to Senecio quicanensis Cuatr. Culcitium rosmarinifolium Benth., PI. Hartw.: 207 (1845). See Senecio romeroides Cuatr., nom. nov. Linnaeus designated earlier another species as Senecio rosmarini- folius (L.f., Supl.: 369). Culcitium rufescens H. et B., PI. Aeq. II: 1, t. 66 (1809). See Sene- cio rufescens (H. et B.) Cuatr., nov. comb. 50 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 For Senecio rufescens DC., Prodr. VI: 413 (1837) I have proposed Senecio austrorufescens. Culcitium salicinum Spreng., Synop. Ill: 431 (1826). Bedfordia salicina DC., Prodr. VI: 333 and 441 (1837). Cacalia salicina Labill. This is an Australian species. Culcitium suntanderense Cuatr., Rev. Acad. Colomb. C. E. F. y Nat., vol. V: 28, t. 3 (1942). See Senecio santanderensis (Cuatr.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium serratifolium Meyen et Walp., Nov. Acta Natur. Cur. XIX Sup. I: 279 (1843). See Senecio serratifolius (Meyen et Walp.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium sessile Speg., Rev. Agron. La Plata 3: 533 (1897). See Senecio neosessilis Cuatr., nom. nov. Earlier two species of Senecio were given the same epithet by Spegazzini: S. s ess His Thumb., Prodr. PI. Cab.: 158 (1794-1800) and S. sessilis Veil., Fl. Flum. VIII t. 106 (1827). Culcitium Sodiroi Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 63 (1900). See Senecio Sodiroi (Hieron.) Cuatr., nov. comb. In place of S. Sodiroi Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 73 (1900) I have proposed Senecio Sodirs candens. Culcitium Stuckertii Beauv., Bull. Sc. Bot. Geneve, ser. 2, 7: 185 (1916). Nomen nudum. According to Beauver this plant was found in Cordoba (Argentine) by Th. Stuckert, but was never published. Culcitium tenellum Dusen, Scott Rep. Princeton Univ. Exp. Patag. VIII, Supl. 267 tab. III. 6 (1914). See Senecio culcitenellus Cuatr., nom. nov. Senecio tenellus DC., Prodr. VI: 379 (1837), is another species from the Cape of Good Hope. Culcitium uniflorum Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 19: 63 (1894). See Senecio reflexus (HBK) Cuatr., nov. comb., not S. reflexus (HBK). See above Culcitium ova turn. Culcitium radiatum Wedd., Chi. And. I: 126 (1855). See Senecio lati- florus Wedd., loc. cit. 125. Sect. Culcitium (H. et B.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium H. et B., PI. Aeq. II: 1. Homogama. Herbacea foliis basilaribus plerumque elongatis rosula- tis subrosulatis vel fasciculatis. Calyculus plus minusve manifeste pluriseriatus. Senecio rufescens (H. et B.) Cuatr., S. canescens (HBK) Cuatr., S. boyacensis Cuatr., S. Candollii Wedd., S. cocuyanus Cuatr., S. cul- citenellus Cuatr., S. cutcitioides Weud., S. ferrugineus (Klatt) Cuatr., STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 51 S. glacialis (M. et W.) Cuatr., S. Haenkeanus Cuatr., S. hypsobates Wedd., S. magellanicus H. et A., S. Neeanus Cuatr., S. ne.osessilis Cuatr., S. nivalis (HBK) Cuatr., S. santanderensis Cuatr., S. serrati- folius (M. et W.) Cuatr., S. summits Cuatr. Sect. Reflexus Cuatr., nov. sect. Homogama. Suffruticosa vel fruticulosa basi pleruraque ramosa rep- tans rarais foliosis erectis alternifoliis. Calyculus pluriseriatus vel irregulariter 2-1 seriatus. Senecio reflexus (HBK) Cuatr., S. culciklattii Cuatr., S. Gargantanus Cuatr., S. gelidus Wedd., S. guicanensis Cuatr., S. lingulatum (Schlecht.) Cuatr., S. neoas cendens Cuatr., S. neodenticulatus Cuatr., S. Pavonii (Wedd.) Cuatr., S. pachypus Greenm.. S. Pflanzii (Perk.) Cuatr., S. pichinchens is Cuatr., S. puracensis Cuatr., S. rex (Sandw.) Cuatr., S. romeroides Cuatr., S. sabulosus DC., S. sodiroi (Hier.) Cuatr., 5. viridi-albus Cuatr. Sect. Latiflorus Cuatr., nov. sect. Heterogama. Herbacea foliis basilaribus plus minus ve rosulatis vel fasciculatis. Calyculus pluriseriatus gradatim in involucrum commutatus. Senecio latiflorus Wedd., S. niveo-aureus Cuatr., S. almorzaderonis Cuatr., S, rubrilacunae Cuatr. Gongylolepis colombiana (Cuatr.) Cuatr., nov. comb.— Neocaldasia colombiana Cuatr., Notas a la Flora de Colombia VI: 16, Cali 1944. When I described this species, I failed to consider the genus Gongy- lolepis because it was not included in the treatise of the Compositae by Hoffmann in the Pflanzenfamilien and it appeared as a synonym of Stifftia in Bentham and Hooker's Genera Plantarum. At that time I did not have access to the original article by Schomburgk and the later one by Blake as well as other necessary literature. Thanks to the Library and Herbarium of the Chicago Natural History Museum and fine speci- mens received in loan from the U. S. N. H., I was able to determine the true affinity of this species. G. colombiana is a rather rare species- of the low Andean region of the mountains at the boundary between Colombia and Venezuela, where it had been collected before I found it in Colombia. In spite of this fact, it remained unknown because it was confused with G. Benthami- ana Rob, Schomb. and was filed as such in herbaria. On the basis of the original description, type photograph and the excellent material recently collected by Steyermark near the locality (Gran Sabana, Vene- zuela-Guayana) where Schomburgk collected the plants originally, I was able to establish the characteristics of this species and to com- pare it with the plants from the Cordillera. 52 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 G. colombiana can be distinguished by the following characters: corymbose or corymbose-paniculate inflorescence born on branchlets and peduncles covered with leaves; leaves more elliptical, less cori- aceous, flexible, with more delicate reticulation; larger heads with an involucre 42-45 cm. high; receptacle with deep alveoles the edges of which have thick and high scales; long corolla; tube of the anther 15 mm. long; appendix of the anthers truncate or obtuse; style globate- bulbose at the base, in the mature flower separated from the ovary by a small pedicel; pappus 22-25 mm. long, with stiff hairs. By comparison, G. Benthamiana has: inflorescences elevated on long exfoliate peduncles much higher than the leaves and subtended by a few bracts at the point of branching off; leaves very thick, stiff, coriaceous, more spathulated, with much more prominent reticulation; smaller heads with involucre 32-35 mm. high and a greater number of orbiculate bracts; alveoles of the receptacle less deep; shorter corolla; tube of the anthers 6-7 mm. long; appendix of the anthers acute or attenuate; base of the style slightly conical and sometimes bulbose (Schomburgk described the style as not bulbose); shorter pappus, 15 mm. long., with finer hairs. I have seen the following specimens: Gongylolepis colombiana (Cuatr.) Cuatr. Cuatr. 13435 - Colombia, Dep. N. de Santander: Sarare, Estre- cho o Callejon de Margua en Pena de los Micos, 1100m. alt. (H.N.C., U.S., F.). Mosquera 2 - Colombia, Dep. Santander: San Juan, 2000 met. alt. (H.N.C., F.). Woronow 7062 - Colombia (?). In sylva ad fincam "Francia" 22 Aug. 1926 (US). A. Jahn 91 - Venezuela, Tachira; El Alto, between Pregonero et Guaraque, alt. 1700 m., March 1911 (US). J.A.Steyermark - Venezuela, Merida: along head waters of Rib 56445 Canagua at Rib Arriba, southwest of Canagua, alt. 1800-1890 met. May 10, 1944 (F.). J.A.Steyermark - Venezuela, Merida: dwarf woods below paramo 56561 above San Isidro Alto, alt. 1820 met., May 14, 1944 (F.). Gongylolepis Benthamiana R. Schomb. G.H.H. Tate - Venezuela: Mount Auyan-Tepui 1937-1938 (US) 1323 J.A.Steyermark - Venezuela, Bolivar: Ptari-tepui on forested 59501 south facing slopes overlying sandstone on Cave Rock above Cave Camp, alt. 1810 m., STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 53 Oct. 29, 1944 (F.) J.A.Steyermark - Venezuela, Bolivar: Gran Sabana between 59392 Mision of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen north- west to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., Oct. 26, 1944 (F.). 54 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS- II This second series1 includes taxonomic considerations and descrip- tions of plants collected mainly by the author in Colombia, chiefly new species of Santalaceae, Rosaceae, Meliaceae, Celastraceae, Stercu- liaceae, Bombacaceae, Lacistemaceae, Violaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Combretaceae, Symplocaceae and Styracaceae. SANTALACEAE Acanthosyris colombiana (A. C. Smith) Cuatr., nov. comb.— Cervantes ia colombiu.no. A. C. Smith, Trop. Woods 51: 14, 1937. Colombia, Atlantico, Arroyo Piedras collected Dugand 991; Juan Mina, Dugand 1090; Guajaro, Dugand 563; Casacoima, Dugand 409 & 858 (Field Museum No. 782238). The foliage of Dugand 858 agrees completely with other numbers quoted by A. C. Smith in his original description, in spite of being the end of a young branch. The fruits of this number, as stated by A. C. Smith, are very different from those of the other species of Cervantesia. For this reason I believe that this interesting plant, known as "Matamaiz" in the North Atlantic region of Colombia, belongs to the genus Acanthosyris. The characters of the flowers, too, agree with this genus. Cervantesia macrocarpa Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor 15 met. alta caule 20 cm. diam., ramulis terminalibus dense crispo-tomentosis rubescentibus. Folia coriacea simplicia alterna. Petiolus 8.12 mm. longus tomen- tosus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga, utrinque obtusa vel rotundata, ple- rumque 7.5-13 cm. long. 22-38 mm. lata, margine revoluta; supra denique glabra nitida,nervo medio signato plus minusve tomentuloso, lateralibus 8-10 utroque latere patulis parum conspicuis; subtus densissime cras- seque ferruginoso crispo-tomentosa, nervo medio valde prominent! riibro- tomentoso, reliquis nervis inconspicuis. Ramuli fructiferi elongati tortuosi crassiusculi rubescenti-tomentosi. Fructi drupacei sessiles rubri subrotundati profunde 5-sulcati maturitate plerumque 2.5 cm. diam. Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Cordillera Central: Quebrada de Santo Domingo 2740-2640 m. alt. 15-XII-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas The first installment of this series was published in Lloydia, vol. XI: 185 (Sept. 1948). 55 56 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 19330. "Arbol 15 met. alt. Tallo 20 cm. diam. Frutos rojos con 5 profundos surcos y costillas estrellados, 25 mm. diam." This species of Cervantes ia, the first record of this genus actually known from Colombia, is very closely related to C. tomentosa R. & P. and C. bicolor Cav. From these it can be distinguished for its elongate, elliptical, mostly larger leaves, and the larger fruits. The dense indu- ment of the lower side of the leaves is definitely crisp and, in this respect, C. macrocarpa approaches C. bicolor; the latter, however, has thicker, coriaceous leaves. ROSACEAE Prunus strobilifera Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor 20 met. alt. Caulis 50 cm. diam. cortice pallido-brunneo rugoso sectione roseo-brunneo. Lignum durum roseo-ochraceum demum rubes- centi. Ramuli grisei rugosi satis lenticellati glabri. Folia simplicia alterna petiolata coriacea glaberrima. Petiolus longus erectus viridi-rubescens 10-14 mm. longus supra canaliculatus. Lamina elliptica vel obovato elliptica basi apiceque obtusiuscula 6-11 cm. longa x 2.6-5 cm. lata, margine integerriraa leviter incrassato- revoluta, supra viridis nitida, in sicco lutescens, laevis nervo medio sulcato reliquis obsoletis; infra valde pallida, in sicco luteo-rubescens costa crassa nervis lateralibus 6 paribus ascendentibus angulo acuto prominulis reliquis immersis inconspicuis. Racemi axillares solitarii qram folia valde breviores sessiles. Rha- chis robusta angulata 2-4 cm. longa glabra. Pedicelli mediocri, 1-2 mm. longi glabri albidi. Cupula turbinata 1.5-2 mm. longa glabra. Sepala triangularia 1 mm. longa glabra. Stamina 16-20 alba antheris ellipticis 0.5 mm. longis. Petala alba glabra unguiculata suborbiculata 1,5-2 mm. lata longeque. Stylus staminibus brevier. Drupa viridis 10 x 12 mm. sub-globosa apiculata, nucula 9-10 mm. Gemmae inflorescentiae strobiliformes ellipticae sessiles 8-12 mm. long. 4-5 mm. latae, alabastra bracteis squamiformibus viridi-albis late ovatis acutis 2-3 mm. longis amplectentibus dense imbricatis suful- cientia. Type: Colombia, Depart. Valle. Cordillera Occidental, filo de la Cordillera al sur de Las Brisas 1850-1750 m. alt. (entre Las Brisas y La Marina), 27-X-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 22674. "Arbol 20 met. Tallo 50 cm. diam. Corteza pardo clara rugosa seccion pardo rosada. Madera dura, ocraceo rosada que va enrojeciendo. Hoja coria'cea, flexible, verde brillante haz, blanquecina enves. Capullos de la in- florescencia bianco verdosos. Petalos blancos. Filamentos y anteras blancos. Fruto verde claro, apiculado 10 x 12 mm. (F.). P. strobilifera is well characterized by the young strobiliform axillary inflorescences bearing imbricate whitish bracts which persist for a long time. Characteristic of this species are also its rather small elliptic leaves with thick margins and long petioles. These characters differen- STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PL ANTS -II 57 tiate it from the closely related species P. Ruiziana Koehne. Contrary to the opinion of Koehne himself, the latter in turn is very different from P. Moritziana Koehne. Primus falcata Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor 10 metralis. Caulis 40 cm. diam. cortice griseo ruguloso, sec- tione roseo succoso, ligno sub-duro albo mox roseo. Kami ramulique glabri brunnei lenticellati, conferti, visu densi virides nitidi. Folia alterna simplicia petiolata crasso-coriacea glaberrima. Peti- olus 3-4 mm. longus crassiusculus supra sulcatus. Lamina obovata 4-6 cm. longa 3-4 cm. lata, basi truncata vel rotundata apice abrupte attenuata acutiuscula margine integra crassa revoluta; supra atroviridis opaca laevis nervo medio impresso secundariis parum notatis; infra pallido-viridis costa crassa nervis secundariis 6 utroque latere diver- gentibus prorainulis marginem versus anastomosantibus evanesce ntibus reliquis nervulis laxe reticulatis obsoletis. Kami hornotini valde foli- osi stipulis (per pares) 6-7 mm. longis 2-3 mm. latis valde falcatis persistentibus ornati. Racemi axillares vel subterminales solitarii, longe pedunculati 9-12 cm. longi, rhachi erecta robusta angulata glabra. Pedicelli mediocri 2.5-3.5 mm. longi glabri. Cupula turbinata 2 mm. longa utrinque glabra. Sepala triangularia 1 mm. longa. Stamina circa 20, antheris 1 mm. longis. Stylus 2.5 ram. longus. Drupa circa 2 cm. diam. subglobosa, nucula 12-14 mm. diam. Type: Colombia, Departamento del Valle. Cordillera Central, Hoya del rib Bugalagrande: Cuchilla de Barraga'n, entre Las Azules y Las Violetas 3100 m. alt. 16 abril 1946 legit. J. Cuatrecasas 20816. "Ar- bol. Tallo 40 cm. diam. copa densa, verde brillante a distancia. Corteza gris, rugulosa, seccion carnea zumosa. Madera blanca que se torna rosada, bastante dura. Hoja coriacea, crasiuscula, verde oscuro mate haz, verde claro enve's." (F.) Prunus falcata is well characterized by its coriaceous leaves, which have revolute margins and slightly raised veins, by the relatively large fruits, and especially by the sickle-shaped persistent stipules. Prunus muris Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor circa 8-metralis. Ramuli brunnei cortice ruguloso plus minusve tuberculati lenticellati glabri. Folia simplicia alterna coriacea petiolata. Petiolus 7-10 mm. longus glaber supra sulcatus basi incrassatus. Lamina ovata 7-11,5 cm. tonga 3.7-6.3 cm. lata basi rotundata margine levissime ad petiolum decur- rens, apice attenuata acutiuscula, margine integra utrinque glabra; supra atroviridis nervo medio depresso lateralibus et laxo reticulo notatis; infra pallido virens costa valde crassa, nervis secundariis 7-8 utroque iatere valde prominentibus arcuato patenti'ous marginem versus anastomosantibus, tertiaribus laxum reticulum prominulum formantibus. 58 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Racemi axillares solitarii fructiferi 7-10 cm. longi rhachi robusta glabra angulato-striata rubescenti. Pedicelli fructiferi erecti crassius- culi glabri 6-7 mm. longi, in sicco 1.5 mm. crassi, apice parum discum reliqui cupulis ferentes. Drupae globosae parum elongatae apice muc- ronata nigra 15 mm. diam. putamine crasso nucula coriacea 10 mm. diam. Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Los Farallones, vert. NW: Que- brada del Rato'n, sobre la Mina El Diamente, 2950-3000 m. alt., 30-VII 1946 legit. J. Cuatrecasas 21765. "Arbol. Hoja coriacea, verde oscura haz, verde clara enves. Fruto negro globoso alargado, 15 mm." (F.) Although closely related to P. rugosa Koehne, Prunus muris differs from it by the prominent veins on the lower side of the leaves, which are not bullate as in the Equatorian species. P. buxifolia Koehne has much smaller leaves which have less prominent nerves and shorter petioles. Hirtella enneandra Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor grandis, 20 met. alta. Caulis 40 cm. diam. cortice sublaeve fusco, interiore facie opaco-ochraceo, ligno lutescenti-albo. Ramuli grisei cortice subruguloso lenticellati-tuberculato, valde juveniles virides sparse pilosi mox glabri. Folia simplicia alterna petiolata coriacea glabra. Petiolus teneris sed robustus teres 2-4 mm. longus aliquando sparsis minutis pilis munitus. Lamina elliptico-lanceolata basirn versus paulum angustata obtusa apice longe acuminata 4.5-11.5 cm. longa, x 18-38 mm. lata, margine integra et plana; supra in vivo atroviridis nitens, nervo medio incrassato glabro vel sparsis minutis pilis, nervis secundariis filiforme prominulis reliquis minutum reticulum prominulum formantibus; subtus viridis costa crassa prominenti praecipue glabra nervis lateralibus 8-10 utroque latere arcuato ascendentibus, linearibus parum elevatis reliquis venulis subinmersis reticulatis minus conspicuis. Stipulae lanceolatae hirsutae 2-3 mm. longae valde deciduae. Inflorescentiae axillares vel pseudoterminales racemosae, circa 12 floribus foliis breviores. Rhachis 3-5 cm. longa parce puberula. Brac- teae lanceolatae acutae 1-1,5 mm. longae. Pedicelli 6-10 mm. longi puberuli parte media subarticulati bibracteolati. Hypanthium campanu- latum 5-6 mm. long., 2.5 mm. crassum extus viride parce puberulum intus pariete glabro sed fauce annulo hirsutissimo praeditum. Sepalq viridia ovata 4 mm. longa 2-2.5 mm. lata obtusa extus puberula intus dense adpresseque tomentulosa. Petala elliptica glabra alba 4 mm. longa. Stamina 9 omnia fertilia filamentis albis circa 10 mm. longis plus minusve pilosis antheris rotundatis 0.5 mm. Stylus erectus parce pilosus stamina paulo longior stigmate subtruncato. Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Cordillera Occidental Hoya del no Cali: Baga de la Tulia, monte 2000-1850 m. alt. 30-X-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 18370. "Arbol 20 met. alt. Tallo 40 cm. diam. Corteza STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS- II 59 pardo rojiza, interiormente ocraceo apagada. Niadera bianco amarillenta. Hoja coriacea, delgada, rigida, verde oscura, brillante haz. Caliz y capullos verdes. Petalos y estambres blancos." (F.) Hirtella enneandra differs from all other species of this genus by its coriaceous, glabrous leaves and flowers with nine fertile stamens. Hirtella tubiflora Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor grandis, 20 met. alta. Caulis 30 cm. diam. cortice sublaevi fuscescenti sectione carneo ligno duro rubescenti. Ramuli grisei juve- niles tomentulosi denique glabrati. Folia simplicia alterna membranacea. Petiolus valde brevis teres robustus hirsutulus circa 2 mm. longus. Lamina lanceolata vel ellip- tico-lanceolata basi attenuata obtuse cuneata apice angustata acumi- nata, 5-10 cm. longa, 2-3 cm. lata margine integra; supra viridis vel griseo viridis subnitida sparsis minutis pilis munita nervo medio ele- vato minute pubescenti, nervis secundariis obsoletis reliquis minute reticulatis reticulo sublente elevato conspicuo; subtus pallidior sparse pilosa costa eminenti hirsutula nervis lateralibus arcuatis ascendenti- bus 10-12 utroque latere plus minusve prominulis puberulis alliquis venulis laxe reticulatis obsoletis. Stipulae anguste lineares acutae pubescentes circa 5 mm. longae. Inflorescentiae axillares racemosae 12-20 floribus precipue curva- tae quam folia breviores vel aequilongae. Rhachis tenuis pubescenti- hirsuta 3-6 cm. longa. Bracteae lanceolatae acutae puberulae 2-3 mm. longae. Pedicelli bractea breviores 1-1.5 mm. longi, pubescentes, apice duobus bracteis ad florum muniti. Hypanthium anguste longeque tubulosum 5-6 mm. long. 0.6-0.7 mm. lat. extus luteolo-viride pubescente intus glabrum sed fauce valde hir- sutum. Sepala elliptica luteo viridia 2.5-3 ram. longa 1-1.5 mm. lata extus villoso pubescentia, intus adpresse tomentulosa, margine sub- denticulata dentibus glandulis rotundatis nitidis valde conspicuis ornata. Petala alba elliptico-oblonga, obtusa basi anguste unguiculata 4 ram. longa 1-1.5 mm. lata glabra. Stamina plerumque 7 fertilia fila- mentis albis 6-7 mm. longis, antheris rotundatis. Stylus parum longior albus sparse hirtus stigmate subtruncato. Ovarium hirsutum. Drupa elliptico-obovoidea basim angustata epicarpio violaceo-nigrescenti parce puberulo, 22 mm. longa x 12 mm. lata nucula elongata 18-20 mm. longa, 6 mm. crassa. Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Rio Calima (region del Choco) loma frente a Quebrada de la Brea, 30-50 met. alt. 22-V-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21183. "Arbol 20 met. Tallo 30 cm. diam. Corteza delgada, sublisa, pardusca, seccion ca'rnea. Madera dura roja albura rosado ocracea. Hoja delgada rigida, semicoriacea, vcrde grisacea semibrillante. Caliz amarillo verdoso claro. Petalos y filamentos blancos. Fruto negro viola'ceo, 22 x 12 mm." (F.) 60 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Hirtella tubiflora can readily be distinguished by two important characters, namely the long, capillary tube of the receptacle and the sepals which bear at their margins thick, rounded glands. Hirtella racemosa Lam. var. metallica Cuatr., var. nova. Folia ovato elliptica basi rotundata emarginata apice obtusiuscule acuminata coriacea margine parum revoluta in vivo pallido-viridia, in sicco supra virido-violacea, subtus roseo-violacea utrinque visu me- tallico-nitida,nervis subtus eminentibus inter eos superficie depressa, aspectu suaviter subbullata. Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Costa del Pacifico: Bahfa de Buenaventura, Quebrada de San Joaquin 0-10 met. alt. colect. 22-11- 1946 J. Cuatrecasas 19925% "Arbol 15 met. ^Tallo 12 cm. diam. Cor- teza sublisa, grisaceo-ocracea clara, seccion sepia. Madera pardo rosada clara, exteriormente ocracea. Hoja coriacea, delgada rigida, verde clara semibrillante haz, mas clara enves. Inflorescencias ter- minales o subterminales largas; raquis verdoso rojizo. Capullos verdosos." (F.) The texture and shiny appearance of the leaves of this variety of Hirtella racemosa are striking. The nerves on the lower side are prominent, whereas those of the upper side are depressed, forming an undulated surface. When dry, they become violaceous and are es- pecially shiny on the under side. Licania velata Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor usque ad 35 met. alta. Caulis ad 40 cm. diam. cortice granu- loso fusco fragili sectione roseo-brunneo, ligno fusco-rubescenti duro. Ramuli fusco-grisei plus minusve granulosi terminationes versus tomen- tulosi. Ramuli foliaque hornotini omnino cum tenui continue arach- noideo velo albicanti obtecti. Folia simplicia alterna coriacea petiolata. Petiolus validus teres puberulus satis incrassatus, apice abrupte angustatus, 12-16 mm. longus. Lamina elliptic o-oblonga vel obovato-elliptico oblonga utrin- que attenuata basi cuneata apice subrotundata vel parum angustata acute breviterque cuspidata margine laevis, 15-36 cm. longa x 6-11 cm. lata, juvenilis utrinque pallide glauca cum subtili fragili arachnoidea membrana velata; adultior nuda viridis, supra in sicco fuscescens glabra vel sparsissimis pilis simplicibus munita, costa elevata nervis secundariis notatis; infra sub lente minutissimo indumento araneoso veli reliquorum notato, costa valde eminenti robusta glaberrima, nervis lateralibus saepe 11 paribus prominentibus glabris angulo aperto ad marginem abrupte curvatis evanescenti-anastomosatis, nervulis promi- nulis vel obsoletis laxe reticulatis. Stipulae sub-intra-petiolares lineari-lanceolatae 15-25 mm. longae flexuosae intus puberulae extus arachnoideo velatae, deinde nudae, basi petiolo adnata squamosa per— sistenti reliqua parte decidua. Paniculae axillares et post-axillares ex insertione valde ramosae pyramidatae floribundae 6-18 cm. longae. Rhachis ramulique dense STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-II 61 arachnoideo-tomentosi ochraceo-cinerei. Bracteae ovatae 5-2 mm. long, (apicem versus inflorescentiae decrescentes) puberulae at arach- noideo-tomentosae denique glabrescentes. Flores sessiles vel sub- sessiles solitari vel glomerati confertissimi, bracteolis ovatis obtusis puberuli-araneosis suffulti. Hypanthium campanulato-urceolatum 2 mm. longus dense tomentoso-araneosum albo-ochraceum, intus longis albis setis vestitum; sepala triangularia 1 mm. long., extus tomentello- arachnoidea, intus puberula. Petala elliptica apice obtusa basi attenu- ata leviter araneoso-tomentella 1,5 mm. long. 0,7 mm. lata. Stamina 10-15 valde inaequilonga filamenta basi in corona membranacea connata valde barbata tantum 3-5 fertilia, sepala longitudinem aequantia. Ova- rium globoso ovoideum fundo receptaculi insertum, copiose barbato- lanatum 1 mm. longum. Stylus basilaribus 2-2,5 mm. longus longe setosus, stigmate sublobato. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. bajo Rib Calima (region del Choco): margen derecha frente a Quebrada de la Brea, 30-50 met. alta, 22-V- 1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21179. "Arbol 25 met. Tallo 25 cm. diam. Hoja coriacea, delgada, rfgida, verde clara, las tiernas glauco palidas. Flores bianco ocraceas. Corteza pardo rojiza granulosa, quebradiza, seccio'n pardo rosada. Madera ocraceo rosada ext., corazon pardo rojizo, duro." (F.) Cotype: The same place. Cuatr. 21179-A. "Arbol 35 met. alt. Tallo 40 cm. diam." Form with larger leaves. (F.) Licania velata resembles L. platypus in appearance but differs by its arachnoid veil which covers the leaves, stipules and young branch- lets, by the shape and form of the leaves, which have more widely separated nerves, by the axillary inflorescences which are more tomen- tose and bear more flowers, and by smaller flowers and shorter stamens (L. platypus belongs to Moquilea, L. velata is a typical Licania). From its closest relative, L. macrophylla, L. velata is distinguished by the indument which protects the young branchlets and leaves, and the indument remaining on the lower side of the leaves, which are cuneate rather than round at the base, by the stronger and shorter panicles bearing a larger number of sessile flowers, and by the very different tomentum of the receptacle. Licania durifolia Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor magna. Caulis 20 cm. altus 50 cm. diam., cortice roseo fusco granuloso sectione rubescenti-fusco, ligno duro roseo centre rubes- centi. Ramuli crassi grisei rugulosi lenticellati juniores pubescenti- tomentosi denique glabrati. Folia simplicia alterna petiolata crasso-coriacea rigida. Petiolus satis robustus 8-12 mm. longus teres supra sulcatus tomentellus. Lamina elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga basi rotundata vel truncata apice subrotundata abrupte breviterque cuspidata margine laevis anguste revoluta, 13-24 cm. longa, 4.5-9.5-12 cm. lata; supra viridis opaca, in sicco lutescens praeter costam puberulam glabra, nervo medio promi- nenti lateralibus depressis sub lente minutissimum prominulum reticu- 62 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 lum visibilis; subtus cinerea, in sicco ochracea, costa valida glabra, nervis lateralibus valde eminentibus circa 20 utroque latere angulo aperto ad marginem curvatis ascendentibus evanescentibus glabris inter nervos reticulum venulorum plerumque inconspicuum dense ad- presseque crispo tomento tectum. Stipulae subulatae membranaceae 5-8 mm. longa valde deciduae. Inflorescentiae terminales valde robustae divaricatae cum paniculis axillari-terminalibus compositae. Singulae paniculae usque ad 25 cm. longae 17 cm. latae basim ramosae pyramidatae; rhachis crassisima dense tomentoso-velutina basi bractea late ovata obtusiuscula 15 mm. longa, 20 mm. lata intus glabra extus tomentulosa suffulta; bracteis ramulorum parvis ovatis tomentulosis deciduis. Flores confertissimi sessiles tribracteolati bracteola ovato-acuta supra pubefula infra tomentulosa 2-3 mm. longa 1,5-2 mm. lata. Hypanthium urceolatum, basi rotundatum 3 mm. altus extus ochraceo-tomentosum, intus hirsu- tum. Sepala ovato-triangularia 1,5 mm. longa acutiuscula«extus ochra- ceo-tomentosa, supra pubescentia albicantia. Petala alba orbicularia cochleata, 2.5-3 mm. mm., lamina glabra margine praeter basim dense ciliato-barbata. Stamina 15-25 basi in annulum membranaceum extus glabrum intus barbatum connata, filamentis albis inaequalibus glabris perianthium satis excedentis antheris globoso-ellipticis glabris lutes- centibus. Ovarium globosum arachnoideo-tomentellum 1.5 mm. Stylus basilaris longe barbatus 6 mm. longus, stigmate breviter bilobato. Fructus (no. 15331) subglobosus basi brevissime pyriformi attenu- atus, 6-8 cm. long, pericarpio crasso coriaceo superficie tomentulosa irregulartter obtuseque angulata, monospermus. Semen subovoideum cotyledonibus magnis plano-convexis crassis fibrosis. Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Cordillera Occidental: monte La Guarida, filo de la Cordillera sobre La Carbonera (entre Las Brisas y Alban) 1950-2000 m. alt. 18-X-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 22251. "Gran arbol. Tallo 20 met. alt., 50 cm. diam. Corteza pardo rosada granugienta, seccion parcjo rojiza 12-15 mm. Madera dura rosada, centre rojiza. Hoja coriacea, rigida, fragil, verde medio mate haz, enve's ceniciento. Inflorescencias terminales robustas divaricadas. Caliz ocraceo, int. blanquecino." (F.) Cotype: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Cordillera Occidental: Hoya del rio Dfgua, lado derecho, La Elsa, bosques 1000-1200 m. alt. 9-XI-1943 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 15331. "Gran afbol, 40 met. alt. Tallo 70 cm. diam. Corteza gris verdosa clara, seccion carnea superficie interior rojo carnea, zumo rojo resinoso fluido. Madera dura, rojiza. Hoja coriacea, rigida, verde haz, grisacea o sepia enves. Frutos en pam'cu- las terminales." (F.) Licania duri folia is characterized by elliptic, large, thick, cori- aceous leaves with prominent parallel nerves, by especially strong in- florescences, crowded at the end of the branches and forming a large, divaricate, terminal panicle, and by the size and shape of the numerous and sessile flowers. Among other members of the genus the large size STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-II 63 of the rotund or somewhat pyriform fruit with irregular angulate surface in L. durifolia is a striking feature. Specimen no. 15331 comes from a larger individual bearing larger leaves. It was used to characterize the fruit. I have no doubt that it belongs to the same species as the speci- men from the forest of La Guardia. Licania bullatifolia Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor magna. Ramuli grisei rugulosi tomentuloso-puberuli, hornotini dense ochraceo-tomentosi. Folia simplicia alterna petiolata coriacea. Petiolus rigidus teres tomentulosus 8-12 mm. longus. Lamina ovato-orbiculata vel leviter oblonga basi profunde cordata apice rotundata, valde concava margine recurvata, inter nervos superficie bullata, 6-11 cm. longa x 5-9 cm. lata; supra juvenilis sparsis minutis pilis munita adulta glabra nitida in sicco rubescens, costa et nervis secundariis depressis; subtus cinerea adpresse arachnoideo-tomentosa, costa crassa valde elevata, nervis secundariis circa 15 paribus vix perpendicularibus tantum mar- ginem versus ascendentibus valde elevatis reliquis nervulis minutum reticulum obsoletum formantibus. Stipulae ovato-lanceolatae acutae ochraceo-tomentosae 3-4 mm. longae deciduae. Paniculae terminales divaricatae 15-22 cm. longae. Rhachis ramu- lique dense ochraceo-tomentosi. Bractea basilaris membranacea late ovato-oblonga circa 12 mm. longa, 5-6 mm. late extus ochraceo-tomen- tosa intus pubescens. Bracteae florales concavae late ovatae acutius- culae tomentosae 2-3 mm. longae basi amplectentia, alterae bracteolae lineari-ovatae 1.5 mm. longae x 1 mm. latae. Flores sessiles saepe 1-3 glomeratae. Hypanthium campanulato-urceolatum 2 mm. altus, extus et intus ochraceo tomentosum. Sepala triangularia acuta 1 mm. longa extus dense intus parce tomentulosa. Petala lineari-elliptica apice obtusa basim angustata 1.6-1,8 mm. longa, 0.6 mm. lata sparse lanato- tomentella. Stamina basi tubum lanatum coalita, filamentis fertilis circa 8 lanatis sepala aequilonga vel leviter excedentia. Ovarium 1.5 mm. tomentosum. Stylus basilaris filiformis pilosis 3 mm. longis. Type: Colombia, Comisaria del Putumayo: selva higrofila del no Putumayo en Puerto Ospina jt230 m. alt. 20-XI-1940 colect. J. Cuatre- casas 10865. "Gran arbol, madera blanca, dura." (F.) Licania bullatifolia is closely related to L. arborea Seem, but differs from it by the bullate, concave leaves with bent margins, the basal sinus is much deeper and the petiole much longer than they are in the species from Panama. The flowers are hardly different, as they are only slightly smaller, the sepals are relatively longer, the hypanthium has a glabrous zone in the inside, the bracteoles are amplexicaul and broader not narrower at the base. The rediscovery by P. H. Allen (no. 1741) of L. arborea Seeman in Panama enables me to state that this species is quite different from the species found in Mexico and Guatemala and assumed to be the same by the authors; Loeser was right in describing the last one as L. S esleriana. 64 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Licania calve scens Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor grandis. Ramuli grisei cortice ruguloso terminationibus horno- tinis plus minusve pubescenti-hirtis. Folia simplicia alterna coriacea petiolata. Petiolus teretiusculus paulo incrassatus 3-5 mm. longus puberulus. Lamina late lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata margine integra basi obtusa apice attenuata cuspidata 7-10.5 cm. longa 2.3-3.8 cm. lata; supra viridis vel lutes- centi-viridis glabra nervo medio elevato, nervis secundariis filiformibus parum conspicuis, minuto reticulo venulorum bene notatis; subtus ferruginea costa crassiuscula eminenti hirsutula nervis lateralibus elevatis 10-11 utroque latere angulo acuto ascendentibus puberulis reliqua lamina minute venuloso-reticulata et araneoso-tomentulosa. Panicula terminalis mediocris 6-7 cm. longa et expansa rhachi ramu- lis puberulis. Bracteae ovato lanceolatae parvae sub-glabrae. Flores sessiles solitariae vel binis insertae. Hypanthium 1-1,2 mm. longum eztus parce puberulum palido-luteum intus glabrum. Sepala ovata ob- tusiuscula 1.4 mm. longa luteola eztus subglabra intus tomentella. Petala nulla. Stamina circa 20 basi in brevem tubum extus glabrura intus barbatum adnata filamentis elongatis glabris calicem excedenti- bus, antheris orbicularibus luteolis. Ovarium globosum vix 1 mm. glabrum nitidum tantum basi longe barbatum. Stylus 2.5 mm. longus basi longe dense barbatus reliquo glaber. Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Costa del Pacifico; n'o Yurumangui' Veneral, bosques 5-50 met. alt., 31-1-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 15835. "Arbol. Hoja coriacea verde o + amarillenta haz, ferruginosa en el enves. Flor araarillo palida." Otro ejemplar (esteril) Colombia, Dep. del Valle, Costa del Pacffico; rib Cajambre: Silva 5-80 met. alt., 8-V-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 17431. "Arbol 25 met. alt. Tallo 30 cm. diam. Madera color castano. Hoja coriacea, verde haz, verde grisacea enve's." (F.) Licania calvescens is similar to L. Spruce* (Hook, f.) Fr. but differs by its scarcely pubescent inflorescence and flowers. It is actually nearly glabrous. The species is named for the glabrous flower and ovary bearing only some long hairs at the base. Licania minutiflora Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor grandis ramis divaricatis, ligno duro. Ramuli fusci lenticel- lato-tuberculati hornotini puberuli deinde glabri nitidi. Folia membranaceo-coriacea simplicia alterna petiolata. Petiolus brevis crassus teres 4 mm. longus glaber. Lamina late elliptico lance- olata basi cuneata apice cuspidata 11-20 cm. longa x 4.2-8.5 cm. lata, margine integerrima, utrinque viridis subnitida; supra glabra costa paulo eminenti nerviis secundariis filiformibus notatis reliquis reticulo vix inconspicuo; subtus tantum minutis sparsissimis pilis munita costa prominent!, nervis lateralibus 6-8 paribus elevatis angulo obtuso mar- ginem versus curvato ascendentibus inter eos arcuato anastomosatis, STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS- II 65 reliquis nervulis obsoletum laxum reticulum formantibus. Stipulae lanceolatae hirsutulae valde deciduae. Inflorescentiae axillares et subterminales copiosae, axi et ramis divaricatis teneribus pallide viridibus plus minusve flexuosis, saepe ad basim ramificatae fasciculatae simulantes, 10-20 cm. longae. Rha- chis ramulique tenues puberuli minutis bracteis ovato lanceolatis (circa 1 mm. long.) muniti. Flores perparvae breviter pedicellati 1-4 in brevi- bus ramusculis dispositi; bracteolis lertilibus brevissimis ovatis acutis amplexi caulibus. Pedicelli teneres 0.5-1.5 mm. longi puberuli. Hy- panthium turbinatum 9.7 mm. altum, 1.5 nun. amplum, extus sparsis ad- pressis pilis munitum intus villosum. Sepala albida late criangularia 0.4 mm. longa extus sparse pilosa intus glabra. Petala alba subrhom- boideo spathulata basi attenuata apice obtusa inferne glabra apicem versus pubescentia. Filamenta staminorum in tubum monadelphum mar- gine erosodentatum pilosumque extus glabrum intus subpuberulus, calycem aequilongum adnata. Antherae suborbiculares 3 vel 4 ad mar- ginem tubum subsessiles. Ovarium longe barbatum. Stylus lateralis 0.8-1 mm. longus hirtus stigmate truncate glabro. Type: Colombia, Intendencia del Choco'. Rio San Juan, raargen derecha, Quebrada de la Gloria (abajo de Palestina), 5 met. alt., 31-V- 1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21546. "Arbol. Madera dura. Hoja mem- branoso-cartilaginosa, verde semibrillante haz y enve's. Ramas de la inflorescencia verde pah'das. Perianto bianco." (F.) Cotype: Colombia, Dep. del Valle; Rib Calima (region del Choco), margen derecha, playas en Pailon, 60 met. alt., 23-V-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21234. "Arbol con ramas divaricadas (en la or ilia). Perianto bianco amarillento." (F.) Licania minutiflora differs unmistakably from other known species of the genus by its minute flowers which scarcely exceed 1 mm. The receptacular tube is short, the staminal filaments form a tube as long as the sepals and irregularly dentate at the edge, the anthers are al- most sessile and frequently only three are developed. The inflores- cences of this species consist of numerous, thin, flexuose branchlets, and pedicellate flowers. The branchlets, bracts, and flowers are slightly pubescent. The leaves are flat but have on the lower side prominent secundary nerves which are widely separated, arched and fuse a short distance from the margin. Licania cbocoensis Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor. Ramuli extremis flexuosis pendulis cortice fusco granuloso glabrato. Folia simplicia alterna petiolata membranaceo-coriacea. Petiolus teres incrassatus minute sparse pilo'sus, 8-11 mm. longus. Lamina viridis elliptico oblonga vel ovato-elliptica basi subrotundata vel obtuse cuneata apice leviter abrupte attenuata cuspidata, margine in- tegerrima, 9-14 cm. long. 3.5-5.5 cm. lata, utrinque glabra; supra laevis nervo medio elevato secundariis depressis parum conspicuis nervulorum 66 FIELDIANA; BOTANY, VOLUME 27 reticulo inconspicuo; infra costa prominent! nervis lateralibus 9-11 paribus bene eminentibus arcuato ascendentibus ad raarginem evanes- centibus, venulorum reticulum rainutura obsoletum. Inflorescentiae terminales paniculatae 10-15 cm. longae usque ad 12 cm. expansae ramulis patentibus divaricatis. Rhachis ramulique plus minusve dense cinereo-tomentulosi. Bracteae inflorescentiae basi late ovatae obtusiuscula membranaceae puberulae rubescentes circa 7 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata; bracteae principales superiores late lineari- oblongae 7-4 mm. longae 3-2 mm. latae parce puberulae rubescentes, bracteae florales ovato-acutae amplectentes puberulae 3-1.5 mm. longae omnes deciduae (no. 17752). Brevissimi ramuli 1-3 mm. longi 1-5 flores pedicellatos ferentes. Pedicelli 0.1-2 mm. longi teneres tomen- tulosi. Hypanthium hemisphaericum 1.2-1.8 mm. altum viride extus adpresse tomentulosum intus densissime tomentosum. Sepala deltoidea cras- siuscula utrinque tomentoso-viridia 1 mm. longa. Petala alba orbicu- laria 1 mm. diam. extus glabra margine tomentuloso intus basi glabra apicem versus margineque tomentulosa (leviter ampliora quam longa) decidua. Stamina basi in annulum rrembranaceum crassiusculum valde barbatum coalita filamentis fertilibus glabris 12-14 sepala non supe- rantia, antheris ellipticis glabris. Ovarium in crasso floccoso indu- mento lanato albo involutum. Stylus basilaris basi longe hirsutus apicem versus glaber 1 mm. longus. Type: Colombia, Intendencia del Choco; Ri'o San Juan: Quebrada del Taparal, 5-20 ra. alt. 30-V-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21455. "Arbol. Hoja membranoso-coriacea, verde. Caliz verde. Petalos amarillo-palidos." (F.) Cotype: Colombia, Dep. del Valle, Costa del Pacifico: n'o Cajam- bre, Quebrada del Corosal, 0-5 met. alt. 17-V-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 17752. "Arbol. Ramas pendulas. Hojas coriaceas. Flor blanca." (F.) Licania chocoensis is related to L. P oeppigi Fritz and L. hetero- morpha Benth. but can be distinguished by its thinner and more densely tomentose branchlets of the inflorescense, by its pedicellate flowers, by the lanate envelope of the ovary and also by its thinner leaves. Number 15941 is a fruiting specimen, the leaves of which have slightly more distant nerves and in dry state are reddish on the upper side. In spite of this I think it belongs to the same species. Its fruits are elliptical or ovate-elliptic, 4 cm. long., 3 cm. lat., with a coria- ceous, strongly granulate pericarp (background brown and the granules gray or ochraceous), and contain a simple seed with 2 large plano- convex cotyledons. Couepia p la ty calyx Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor. Ramuli griseo-badi squamoso-striolulati lenticellati. Folia alterna simplicia petiolata rigide coriacea glabra. Petiolus cylindraceus crassus 7-8 mm. longus. Lamina obovata vel obovato- STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS- II 67 orbicularis basi rotundata vel truncata apice rotundata margine Integra 8.5-12 cm. longa, 7-9 cm. lata, in sicco fusco-rufescens; supra laevis nervo medio elevate secundariis subimpressis bene notatis; subtus costa crassa elevata minutissimis sparsis adpressis pilis munita nervis secundariis 10-12 paribus elevatis angulo obtuso marginem versus arcuato ascendentibus anastomosantibus, reliquis nervulis laxe reticu- latis conspicuis. Inflorescentiae terminales basi foliosae paniculatae paucis ramis robustis patentibus praeditae, 15-25 cm. longae. Rhachis ramulique aspectu glabri sed minutissimis pilis sub lente conspicuis muniti. Flores zygomorphi subsessiles pedicellis usque 1.5 mm. longis eras- sis 1-4 in brevibus ramulis, 1-5 mm. longis glomerati. Receptaculum conic o-planum obliquum 2 mm. profundus uni latero 3 mm., 4-5 mm. diamitens extus cum pedicello et calyce pallido-viride adpresse vil- losum intus tomentellum. Sepala 3-4 mm. longa ovato oblonga obtusa extus dense villosa, intus tomentulosa. Petala alba glabra inaequalia late rotundata 4 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata, vel ovato-rotundata plana vel cochleariformia. Stamina creberrima margine receptaculo inserta in orbem completum disposita, filamentis basi breviter connatis glabris filif omnibus tortuosis sepala excedentia aestivatione circinnatis, evo- lutis 5-7 mm. longis. Antherae parvae orbiculato-elliptica. Ovarium 2 mm. altus biovula- tum angulatum densissime villosum, latere inferiore (magis elongate) marginis receptaculi insertum. Stylus basilaris crassiusculus basi villosus reliqum glaber curvatus 3 mm. long. Type: Colombia, Dep. Cundinamarca, Cord. Oriental: Dintel, entre Facatativa" y La Vega, 2700-2300 m. alt. 4-VI-1939 J. Cuatrecasas & E. Perez Arbelaez 5336. "Arbol. Corolas blancas." (F.) Couepia platycalyx represents an extraordinary member of this genus and of the Chrysobalanoideae. The receptacle is very short and open, nearly flat and oblique, 2 mm. high on one side and 3 mm. on the other, the ovary being inserted on the latter. On account of the strongly lateral insertion of the ovary and the numerous stamens this species must be included in Couepia in spite of the fact that it has commonly a long tubular receptacle. The genus Hirtella, too, contains several species with short receptacles. MELIACEAE Cedrela subandina Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor alta. Caulis 60 cm. diam. cortice crasso fusco-griseo sectione fusco-ochraceo, ligno albo roseo aromatico. Ramuli glabri fusci ex- tremis viridibus lenticellati. Folia alterna paripinnata subcoriacea glabra. Rhachis robusta cylin- dracea viridis 25-50 cm. longa. Foliola 7-9 paribus opposita ovato- elliptica oblonga asymmetrica basi truncata vel rotundata apice acumi- nata saepe cuspidata, 9-15 cm. longa x 3.3-5.5 cm. lata, margine inte- 68 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 gra supra nitida viridia nervo medio impresso lateralibus plus minus conspicuis minute reticulo elevato manifesto, subtus pallido-viridia costa prominent! nervis lateralibus 5-10 mm. distantibus prominulis patentibus ad marginem curvatis, reliquum reticulum conspicuum. Petioluli mediocres subcrassiusculi 2-3 mm. longi. Panicula terminalis ramosa 15-25 mm. longa ramis viridibus glabris nitidis parce lenticellosis mediocriter robustis. Flores saepe subses- siles pedicellis brevissimis crassiusculis usque ad 2 mm. longis, puberulis. Bracteae ovato-lanceolatae puberulae minutae 1-2 mm. longae. Alabastra ovoideo-elliptica 2 mm. longa viridia nitida parce puberula. Calyx elongato-cupuliformis 3 mm. longus viridis parce puberulis 5-dentatus lobis brevibus triangularibus. Petala non totaliter evoluta verossimiliter magna extus dense albida tomentoso-villosa. Stamina glabra. Capsula grandis 5 valvis coriaceo-lignosis 4-6 cm. longis. Semina elliptica basim versus abrupte unilateraliter angustata 3.5 cm. longa 13 mm. lata. (Fig. 4) Fig. 4 Cedrela subandina Cuatr., open fruit (x 4/5) STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS- II 69 Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Hoya del rib Call, no Pichinde; entre Los Ca'rpatos y El Olivo, 1920-2025 met. alt. 6-VIIM948 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21956. "Tallo 60 cm. diam. Corteza gruesa gris par- dusca clara, agrietada longitudinalmente seccion ocraceo pardusca, algo zumosa. Madera bianco rosada aromatica. Hoja subcoriacea, flexible, verde brillante haz, verde claro enves. Ramas inflorescencia y caliz verde brillantes. Capullo de la corola blanquecino." (F.) Cedrela subandina, a mountainous species, is closely related to C. odorata, from which it is distinguished by the larger, more elongate, cupuliform calyx with shorter teeth. The buds and immature flowers are larger. The inflorescences are firmer with nearly sessile flowers and short thick pedicels. The fruit of C. subandina is larger than that of typical C. odorata L. from the Antillean Islands, usually being 5 cm. and occasionally 6 cm. long, whereas the fruit of the Linnean spe- cies is only 3 cm. long. It differs from C. mexicana by its very short petioles, and from C. bogotensis Tr. et PI. by its larger and more flexi- ble leaves, the more acute calyx teeth, the less firm inflorescence which lacks the rufescent tomentum typical of the plant from Bogota. Three other specimens collected without flowers can be referred to this species: Cuatr. 18407 (Quebradahonda, hoya del rio Cali), 15570 and 15698 (La Laguna, hoya rio Sanquinini). Guarea caulobotryis Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbuscula. Folia paripinnata 4-5 jugis ad apicem caulis fasciculata. Rhachis modice robusta subcylindrica viridi-cinerea pubescens minutis- simis pilis plus minus adpressis vestita circa 34 cm. longa basi cum petiolo 5-8 cm. longo 5-6 mm. crasso supra planiusculo basi incrassato. Foliola coriacea laete viridis opposita breviter et crasse petiolulata petiolulis 4-7 mm. longis; lamina elliptico-oblonga basi obtusa vel rotundata apice angustata acuta 28-38 cm. longa, 7-10.5 cm. lata sed inter eis inferiore paris ovata vel ovato-oblonga 8-15 cm. longa 6-8.5 cm. lata, margine integra subplana vel angustissime revoluta; supra glabra minute granulato-punctata et elevate reticulata nervo medio de- presso parum conspicuo secundariis obsoletis; subtus puberula minutis sparsis pilis munita costa valida pubescenti nervis lateralibus minute pubescentibus elevatis 14-21 utroque latere ascendentibus ad marginem arcuatis evanescenti-anastomosantibus, venulis prominulis reticulatis. Inflorescentiae simplices vel subsimplices racemosae cauligenae, breves ramos crasso-lignosos 0.5-2 cm. long, aphyllos terminantes. Axis racemi 8-26 cm. longus minute pubescens plus minusve flexuosus. Flores breviter pedicellati, pedicelli 0.5-2 mm. long circa basim articu- lati pubescentes, bracteis minutis triangularibus acutis pubescentibus quam pedicello brevioribus. Calyx cupuliformis minute puberulis 4 mm. diam., 2-3 mm. longus 4 lobulis subrotundatis parum profundis. Petala 4, late linearia obtusa 10 mm. longa, 3 mm. lata intus glabra extus sericea. Staminorum tubus glaber 8 mm. longu? margine sub- integrus. Antherae 8 oblongae utrinque obtusae 2 mm. longae sub mar- gine sessiles inclusae. Gynophorum breve crassum cylindricum glabrum 1.5 mm. long. Ovarium dense sericeo-villosum 2.5 mm. long. Stylus 70 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 3 mm. longus dimidia parte inferiora villosulus apicem glaber. Stigma crassum discoideum. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Costa del Pacifico: n'o Naya bosque en Puerto Merizalde 20 met. alt. 23-11-1943 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 14103. "Arbolito. Racimos caulinares. Hojas en penachos termi- nales." (F.) Cotype: Rhachis valde robusta 40 cm. longa. Foliola crasissime petiolulata petiolulo usque ad 15 mm. longo 7 mm. lato, maxima lamina 42 cm. longa et 20.5 cm. lata. Capsula obovato-oblonga plus minusve sulcata, 4 cm. long., pericarpio coriaceo ruguloso parce tomentuloso, 4 valvis. Semina elliptica rubra nitida, 18 mm. longa. Colombia, Dep. El Valle, Costa del Pacifico: Rio Yurumangui' en Veneral, bosques 5-50 met. alt., 29-1-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 15739. "Arbolito 10 met. alt. Tallo 10 cm. diam. Hoja coriacea, verde amarillenta enves con 3-4 pares de foliolos. Frutos caulinares. Semillas rojas, brillantes." Guarea caulobotryis is characterized by the size of the elliptic, ob- long leaflets, the upper side of which is minutely glandular-granulose. Other important characters of this species are: the racemose, short and cauline inflorescences, the leaves grouped in fascicles near the top of the trunk, the pentamerous flowers, and the villose ovary. Guarea cartaguenya Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor magna ad 40 cm. altitudinam attingens. Caulis ad 60 cm. diam., cortice roseo-ochraceo peridermis separabilis, ligno lutescenti-rubes- • centj. Ramuli terminales badi tomentulosi. Folia grandia paripinnata 7-9 paribus foliolis oppositis inferioribus alternis. Rhachis robusta adpresse viridi-ferrugineo-tomentosa plus minusve sulcata, ad 70 crn. longa. Petiolus brevis valde robustus sub- teres supra profunde sulcatus basi incrassato-vaginanti tomentulosus brunneus. Foliola coriacea petiolulo brevi robusto 4-8 mm. longo 3-5 mm. crasso; lamina elliptico-oblonga vel obovato oblonga basi obtusa vel rotundata vel interdum cuneata, apice rotundata vel obtusa mutica vel abrupte breviterque apiculata, margine integra, 22-38 cm. longa, 8-15 cm. lata, supra atroviridis glabra laevis tantum nervo medio im- presso valde notato, lateralibus obsoletis reticulo venulorum parce prominulo plus minusve conspicuo; subtus pallido viridis pubescens pijis plus minus curvatis acutis subadpressis munita costa crassa tomentulosa eminenti nervis lateralibus prominentibus 18-28 utroque latere (vulgo 22-25) tomentulosis patentibus angulo obtuso ad marginem abrupte curvatis evanescentibus, venulis transversalibus prominulis reticulatis. Paniculae fructiferae caulinares 20-40 cm. longa subsimplices rha- chis valde robusta lignosa basi incrassata parce tomentulosa vel pube- rula ferruginea, ramulis, simili aspectu, superioribus unifloris inferiori- bus 1-3 floribus. Pedicelli fructiferi brevi valde incrassati lignosi. Fructus obovato-pyriformis 8-9 cm. long., 5-7 cm. latus apice rotunda- STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PL ANTS -II 71 tus basi valde angustatus, extus puberulus viridi-ferrugineus vel viridi- fuscus; pericarpio semi-duro fibroso 1 cm. crasso in vivo albo sed postremo ochraceo et rubescenti; 6 loculis seminibus albis superposite biseriatis. Type: Colombia, Dept. del Valle. Cordillera Occidental, Hoya del n'o Anchicaya, rivera derecha bajando a La Planta bosques 200-350 m. alt. 27-XI-1943 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 15218. "Gran arbol, 30 met. alt. Tallo 60 cm. diam. Hojas paripinadas muy grandes, raquis 60 cm. long, foholos coriaceos verde oscuros haz, claro enves, peciolo muy grueso con vaina gruesa parda. Frutos en panic ulas 40 cm. long, con ramitas gruesas robustas pardo tomentosas. Frutos piriformes, semi- duros, gruesos 8 cm. long, 5-7 cm. lat. puberulentos, verdoso sucios o verdoso rojizos; carne blanca, al aire ocracea o rojiza, pericarpo 1 cm. grueso. 6 cavidades con 6 filas de semillas regulares blancas. Pedun- culo corto, grueso." Nom. loc. "cartagueno". Cotype: Id. id., ribera derecha: Monos 250 m. alt. 5-X-1943 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 15258. "Arbol muy grande, 40 m. alt. 35 cm. diam., corteza ocraceo-carnea con peridermo separable; base algo estribosa. Madera amarillo rojiza. Hoja paripinada con peciolo muy robusto y foholos coriaceos. Fruto piriforme rojizo, 8-9 cm. long, x 5-6 cm. lat.," nom. loc. "cartagueno". (F.) Although Guarea cartaguenya is closely related to G. caulobotryis, it is a much better developed tree whose leaves are made up of more leaflets (7-9 pairs). The leaflets are more obtuse, larger and lack the granulate glands on the epidermis or they are very scarce, the pubes- cence is more obvious on the lower side of the leaves and the second- ary nerves are closer together. The inflorescences are probably longer. The presumably indehiscent fruits are typical, have a thick, fibrous pericarp and 6 cavities each of which contains the superimposed seeds, usually 2; the base of the fruit is very narrow and looks like a continu- ation of the woody peduncle. Guarea mancharra Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor 20 met. alt. Caulis 30 cm. diam., cortice albido-ochraceo sub- laevi ligno brunnescenti extus pallido. Folia paripinnata quinque juga, petiolo 6-9 cm. longo semiteres supra plano-canaliculato basi ampliato-vaginanti; rhachis subteres 24-35 cm. (cum petiolo) puberula minutissimis pilis munita. Foliola opposita coriacea petiolulata, petiolulo crasso-cylindraceo 7-10 mm. longo mi- nute puberulo; lamina elliptico-oblonga, valde elongata 12-22 cm. longa 5-6 cm. lata pare inferiori adhuc quam proximo valde breviore (6.5-7 cm. long), margine Integra leviter revoluta vel plana, in vivo atroviridis in herbario viridi-grisea supra laevis; glabra tantum nervo medio depresso notato reliquis obsoletis; subtus copiosis minutis pilis conicis acutis patentibus sub lente visibilis munita, nervo medio tomen- tello valde prominent!, secundariis 7-12 utroque latere prominentibus ascendentibus ad marginem curvatis evanescentibus, venulorum reticulo tenui parurn prominulo. 72 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Paniculae axillares subsimplices breves foliolis valde minores in speciraina mea valde juveniles alabastrifera 2-3 cm. longa rhachi tomen- tella plus minusve striata bracteis triangulari-lanceolatis 2 mm. longis puberulis. Sepala petalaque extus pubescenti-villosa. Staminorum tubus glaber minute crenatus 9-10 antheris (in alabastris vidi) infra marginem insertae leviter exsertis. Ovarium glabrum. Ramulus fructiferus valde brevis 2.5 cm. longus, robustus 3-5 fructos ferens. Fructus ficiformis puberulus 5 cm. longus pericarpio crasso- fibroso 6-locularibus. Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. BajoCalima (regio'n del Choco): La Esperanza 10 met. alt., 7-III-1844 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 16748. "Tallo 30 cm. diam. con estribos tabulares, corteza ocraceo blanque- cina, casi lisa; madera con una faja externa amarillenta, el resto cas- taHo. Hoja coriacea, verde oscura. Fruto en forma de higo, pardo, 5 cm. long.;" nombre local "mancharro". (F.) Guarea mancharra is related to G. cargaguenya but differs by its smaller leaves and leaflets, the terminal ones being narrower and elliptic-elongate, longer petiolules, more widely separated and ascend- ent secondary nerves, the kind of indument and the shorter fruit shaped like a fig. Guarea corrugata Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor 12 met. alta. Folia grandia paripinnata, 6-8 paribus foliolis oppositis inferioribus quam caeteris similibus pari superiore abbreviate tenui. Rhachis satis robusta sparse tomentulosa vel subglabra tetra- gona plus minusve quadrifariam sulcata. Petiolus usque 12 cm. longus subteres supra plano-sulcatus basi incrassatus. Petioluli 10-18 mm. long, robusti teretes supra sulcati. Lamina foliolorum coriacea atro- viridis late elliptica basi subrotundata vel obtuse cuneata apice attenu- ata acuta vel breviter cuspidata, raargine integra 12-30 cm. long., 6.5-12 cm. lat.; supra glabra nervo medio sulcato lateralibus parun conspicuis minuto reticulo venulorum prominulo; subtus subglabra sub- nitida sparsis pilis squamosis munita costa valida prominenti nervis secundariis 12-18 utroque latere eminentibus ascendentibus ad margi- nem curvatis evanescentibus reticulo venulorum elevato. Paniculae racemifonnes vel pseudoracemosae saepe extraaxillares ad vetustos ramos gerentes, axe simplici 8-18 cm. longo minutissime pubescent!. Pedicelli 2-4 mm. longi articulati puberuli saepe uniflori vel raro 2-3 flores ferentes. Bracteolae valde minutae triangulares. Calyx cupuliformis 4 lobis rotundatis extus minute pubescens. Petala 4 oblonga 7-8 mm. longa 3-3.5 mm. lata luteola intus glabra extus pubescenti-sericea. Staminorum tubus cylindricus glaber 5 mm. longus. Antherae 8 ellipticae infra marginem insertae inclusae vel leviter ex- cedentes. Ovarium late breve stipitatum, ovoideum apicera versus sen- sim angustatum 4-loculare dense villosum. Stylus brevis infra villosus apice glaber. Stigma discoideum. Fructus pyriformis apice obtusus basi longe stipiforme angustatus 5-7.5 cm. long, x 4-6 cm. lat. peri- carpio lignoso extus ruber irregulariter plicato-corrugatus, 4 loculis bispermis seminibus superpositis. STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PL ANTS- II 73 Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle; Cordillera Occid. Hoya del no Alban, Quebrada Robada, Alto Bonito, 1800-1900 m. alt. 20-X-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 22337. "Arbol 12 met. Hojas paripinadas, coriaceas, verde oscuras. Racimos caulinares (en las astas). Capullos amarillentos. Frutos rojos colgantes piriformes 5-7.5 cm. long. 4-6 cm. late." (F.) Guarea corrugate is closely related to G. caulobotrys and G. carta- guenya. It differs from die first of these by having a greater number of smaller leaflets with a smooth upper side and from the second by the smaller size of the leaves. But the best distinguishing character is seen in the fruit which in G. corrugata is pyriform and whose surface is marked by longitudinal furrows and verrucose ribs. Guarea megaphylla Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor 12 met. alta. Folia magna paripinnata 8-jugata. Rhachis validissima lignosa viridi-fusca lenticellata minutissime pubescens vel glabriuscula 95-110 cm. longa teretiuscula superne plus minusve sulcata basim versus 8-12 mm. crassa. Petiolus robustissimis basi valde incrassatus, circa 9 cm. longus. Foliola opposita brevissime petiolulata, petiolulo robusto 4-6 mm. crasso, 3-5 mm. longo. Lamina coriacea late elliptica 35-40 cm. longa, 20-21 cm. lata utrinque obtusa sed apice abrupte brevissime cuspidata margine irregulariter sinuata supra glabra laevis atroviridis costa late depressa nervis secundariis notatis reliquis inconspicuis; infra costa valde eminenti et crassa minutissime puberulenta, nervis secundariis prominentibus circa 27 utroque latere angulo obtuso marginem versus arcuatis evanescentibus minutissime puberulis, reliquis nervis laxe reticulatis visibilibus, minutis sparsissimis pilis munita. Paniculae fructiferae extra-axillares breves sub-simplices, axe lig- noso robusto 10-17 cm. longo, ramulis brevibus fructos subsessiles ferentibus. Capsula circa 4 cm. globoso-obovata granuloso-callosa pericarpio crassiusculo lignoso 4-locularis quibusque loculis 1-2- spermis in 4 valvis dehiscens. Semina rubra oblonga plano-convexa utrinque acutiuscula 22 mm. longa x 14 mm. lata, vel oblique truncata subtetraedrica 14-16 mm. tantum Tonga. Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Cordillera Occid.: monte La Guarida, filo de la cordillera sobre La Carbonera (entre Las Brisas y Alba'n, 1950-2000 m. alt. 24-X-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 22510. "Arbol 10 met. Hojas paripinadas con 8 pares de foliolos, 1 met. long." (F.) Although lacking flowers, Guarea megaphylla can easily be dis- tinguished by the extraordinary size of the leaves, for the rhachis ex- ceeds 1 meter in length and each leaflet is 30 cm. long. The fruits are characteristic, too. Guarea rubrisepala Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor magna, 30 met. alt. Caulis 75 cm. diam. sulcatus cortice badi ligno rubescenti. Ramuli badi teretes minute rugulosi glabri. 74 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Folia paripinnata vel pseudo-imparipinnata alterna 4-5 jugis. Rha- chis cum petiolo 16 cm. longus viridi-rubescens minute verruculoso- rugulosus. Petiolus circa 6 cm. longus basi ampliatus vaginatus. Petioluli 5-11 mm. longi teretiusculi supra sulcati glabri ruguloso- verrucoso. Lamina foliolorum tenui— coriacea elliptico-oblonga vel ovato-elliptica-oblonga basi obtusa apice breviter acuminata margine integra, 8-14 cm. longa x 3.2-5 cm. lata non pellucido punctata; supra atroviridis laevis glabra nervo medio impresso lateralibus obsoletis; subtus lutescenti viridis glabra sed epidermo minutissime squamuloso, costa rubra eminent! et minute verruculosa nervis secundariis circa 9 utroque latere arcuato ascendentibus marginem versus sensim sine sensu evanescentibus reticulo venulorum conspicuo. Paniculae compositae multiflorae axillares circa 20 cm. longae ramulis patentibus 2-14 cm. longis. Rhachis ramulique minute sed argute striato-rugulosi et minutissime squamulosi. Bracteolae ovatae vel lanceolatae acutae 1-1.5 mm. longae. Pedicelli 1-2 mm. longi teneres minutissime squamoso-pilosi. Calyx cupuliformis rubescens circa 2 mm. altus 4-lobatus lobulis ovatis acutiusculis inaequalis saepe subbilabiatis quoque labio bidentato, raro trilobatus extus sparse puberulus. Petala oblonga obtusa 7 mm. longa 2-2.5 mm. lata albida apicem versus rosea in sicco rubescens, extus minute puberula. Stami- norum tubus cylindraceus infra apicem leviter contractus albus, in herbario rubescens, glaber, 5 mm. longus, 8 antheris ellipticis infra marginem subintegram sessilibus inclusae. Gynophorum fere 2 mm. longus capituliformibus glaber. Ovarium parce puberulum 4-loculare. Stylus 2 mm. long glabrescens. Stigma discoideum. Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Cordillera Occid.: Hoya del rib SanquininT, lado izquierdo: La Laguna, bosques 1250-1400 m. alt. 12-XII-1943 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 15444. "Enorme arbol 30 met. alt. Tallo 75 cm. diam. , acanalado, estriboso en la base, corteza color canela claro, madera rojiza principalmente en el centre. Caliz rojizo. Corola bianco crema, en el extreme rosada (ext). Corona estaminal blanca. Hoja coriacea, delgada, verde oscuro haz, amarillenta en- ves." (F.) Guarea rubrisepala is similar and closely related to G. trichilioides L. (~ G. Guara Jacq.) Wilson but has more elliptical-oblong leaves which are more obtuse at the base, leaves minutely squamose on the lower side, verruculose rhachis and midribs of the leaves, and strongly rugulate-striate branchlets of the inflorescence. The calyx is higher and reddish, while the top of the petals is pink. The ovary is only slightly puberulous and the gynophore is not articulated under the ovary. In its calyx this species resembles G. fissicalyx Harms from Peru, which has larger leaves and flowers, and more coriaceous leaflets. Guarea Chalde Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor. Folia paripinnata 4-9 foliolis oppositis. Rhachis 30-50 cm. longa viridibadia minutissime puberula vel glabrescens, teretiuscula apicem versus plus minusve angulata petiolus robustus supra piano sulcatus basi incrassato vaginatus. Petioluli 6-12 mm. longi in foliis STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PL ANTS- II 75 adultis valde incrassati. Lamina foliolorum subcoriacea elliptico- oblonga basi cuneata apice angustata acurainata margine Integra 15-28 cm. longa, 4.5-8 cm. lata; supra viridis glabra nervo medio leviter im- presso, lateralibus et venulorum reticulo parum conspicuis; subtus pallidoviridis glabra sed epidermis minutissime squamulosa, costa prominenti nervis secundariis elevatis 10-17 utroque latere curvato ascendentibus marginem versus evanescentibus, reticulo venulorum leviter elevato parum conspicuo. Ramuli fructiferi verossimiliter breves. Capsula globosa fusco- rubescens minute pubescens 3-5 cm. diam. epicarpio coriaceo, rneso- carpio molle endocarpio coriaceo 4-loculare loculis monospermis, semina rubra. Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Rio Calima (region del Choco): Quebrada de la Brea, 20-40 met. alt. 24- V- 1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21292. "Arbol. Hoja subcoriacea, paripinada 9 pares folfolos. Fruto redondo, pardo rojizo, 3-5 cm. diam., nom. local: "chalde". (F.) Guarea Chalde is characterized by its large leaves with elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate leaflets and by the rotundate capsules, with a slen- der coriaceous pericarp similar to that in the genus Ruagea. Because of its consistently paripinnate leaves I consider this species a Guarea. The leaves are similar to those of G. Trompillo G. DC. but the fruit is very different. Ruagea silviandina Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor modice alta. Caulis 20 cm. diam. cortice griseo facile separa- bili rugoso-fissurati sectione crassa rosea. Ligno fibroso rubescenti. Ramuli foliiferi dense fissurato-rugoso. Folia alteran imparipinnata 8-19 paribus foliolis suboppositis valde approximatis confertis saepe plicatis plerumque imbricatis. Rhachis robusta 6-26 cm. longa plus minusve angulata crasse denseque hirsu- tulo-tomentosa. Petiolus brevis basi incrassato-vaginatus 1-2.5 cm. longus. Petioluli 0-2 mm. longi crassi dense hirsuto-tomentosi. Lamina foliolorum coriacea elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga basi rotundata vel subcordata vel truncata asymmetrica apice rotundata vel paulo attenu- ata et obtusa, in foliolo terminali basi cuneata, margine integra; supra atroviridis valde nitens minutissime et sparse glanduloso-punctata visu glabra sed sparsis tenuis pilis obsoletis munita, nervo medio tomentuloso conspicuo lateralibus subimmersis vel paulo elevatis niten- tibus venulis inconspicuis; subtus viridis vel griseo-viridis pubescens glanduloso-punctata nervo medio eminent! hirsuto-tomentoso, laterali- bus 8-18 utroque latere prominulis marginem versus -anastomosatis evanescentibus venulorum reticulo laxo obsoletis; 1.5-7.5 cm. longa, 1-2.8 cm. lata foliolis superioribus maximis inferioribus minimis. Paniculae foliis breviores axillares subterminales 3-12 cm. longae. Rhachis erecta striolulata hirsutulo-tomentosa. Ramuli breves maximi 15 mm. longi. Bracteae ovato-lanceolatae 1-3 mm. longae hirsutulae. Flores subsessiles pedicellis crassis circa 1 mm. long, hirsutulis. Calyx 5 sepalis liberis rotundato-ovatis viridi-pallidis 2 mm. long, et 76 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 lat. extus tomentulosis margine ciliatis. Petala 5 libera aestivatione quincuncialia pallido-viridula in sicco rubescentia late lineari-oblonga apice rotundata glabra vel margine minute ciliolata. Staminorum tubus cylindraceus infra apicem contractus, glaber viridi-pallidus, in sicco ruber margine minutissime denticulatus, 10 antheras elliptico-oblongas basi ciliato-caudatas infra marginem sessiles inclusas ferens. Gyno- phorum crassum glabrum 1 mm. longum. Ovarium lageniforme plus minusve sulcatum glaber triloculare loculis biovulatis ovulis super- positis. Stylus robustus 3 mm. longus glaber. Stigma late discoideum supra fissuratum. Panicula fructiferae (no. 19271) usque ad 15 mm. longa axillaris, rhachi robusta hirsuto-tomentosa ramulis lateralibus inferioribus usque 2 cm. longis. Capsulae inmaturae virides sparse squamulosa coriacea globosa circa 1 cm. diametro saepe 2-3-spermae. Type: Colombia, Dep. Caldas. Cordillera Central: Hoya del rfo Otun, Guayabal abajo de El Bosque 3250 met. alt. 27-XI-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 23308. "Arbol. Hoja imparipinada, subcoriacea, verde sernioscuro brillante haz. Caliz verde. Corola verde palida." (F.) Cotype: Colombia, Dep. del Cauca. Cordillera Central: Cabeceras del rib Palo Quebrada de Santo Domingo (arriba de Tacueyo) bosque- cillos subiendo al paramo 2950-3150 m. alt. 13-XII-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 19271. "Arbol 15 met. alt. Hoja imparipinada coriacea verde oscura billante haz, mate enves. Frutos verdes." (F.) Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Cordillera Central: Hoya del rfo Bugala- grande; Cuchilla de Barragan, entre Las Azules y Las Violetas 3100 m. alt. 15-IV-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 20802. "Arbol grande tallo 20 cm. diam. Hoja paripinada, coriacea verde oscura brillante haz, verde enve's. Perianto verdoso amarillento. Corteza gruesa, facil- mente separable, agrietada, gris oscura, seccion rosada. Madera fib- rosa, centro mas rojizo." (F.) Other specimen: Id. id. Cabeceras del rib Tulua, Quebrada de Las Vegas, montes 3280-3380 m. alt. colect. 24-111-1946 J. Cuatrecasas 20415. "Arbol. Hoja imparipinada, verde oscura brillante haz ver- doso grisacea enve's." Ruagea silviandina is a species characteristic of the Andean forest below the paramoline. It is striking because of its many short petio- lated leaves found at the end of branchlets and composed of numerous elliptical, small, coriaceous, closely placed leaflets, imbricate and often folded along the midrib, brilliantly vernicose on the upper side and tomentulose on the lower. The rachises of the branchlet and in- florescences are axillary and short, the petals and ovary are blabrous. Consequently, this is a very distinct, microphyllous species of Ruagea. In his monographic study of the Meliaceae (Pflanzfam. 19 b. I: 138, 1944 and Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dhl. 9: 427) Harms lists for Colom- bia Ruagea pubescens Karsten on the authority of C. De Candolle (Monogr. Phanerog. I: 577), who cited the data on the species given STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PL ANTS- n 77 by Triana and Planchon (Ann. Soc. Sc. Nat. Ser. V, vol. 15: 367-368). These authors recorded R. pubescens from the Quindio mountains on the basis of one specimen collected there by Goudot. The Herbarium of the Chicago Natural History Museum contains only a single duplicate leaflet of the Goudot plant which enabled me to identify it with my specimens referred to R. silviandina. R. pubescens Karsten(=Guorea Ruagea C. DC.), minutely described by its author in Fl. Columb. II: 51, t. 126, is a very different species well represented by specimens of Karsten and Steyermark in the Herbarium of this Museum; it is an exclusively Venezuelan species and the old records of its occurrence in the Central Cordillera of Colombia must now be transferred to /?. s ilviandina. I agree with Harms (I.e.), Triana and Planchon regarding the validity of the gen. Ruagea. All material I have so far studied shows a clear distinction between Ruagea and Guarea. Rugea trisperma Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor magna. Ramuli terminates griseo badi rugosi puberuli plus minusve peridermato-squaraulosi, fistulosi. Folia grandia imparipinnata vel paripinnata 5 paribus foliolis opposi- tis vel suboppositis. Rhachis robusta 45-50 cm. longa teretiuscula superne plus minusve sulcata viridi-grisea subglabra minutissimis pilis squamulosis munita. Petiolus robustus 9 cm. long, basi incras- sato-vaginatus. Foliola coriacea petiolulo crasso 0.3-0.5 mm. longo puberulo, in term in ali bus usque ad 2 cm. longo. Lamina obovato ob- longa apice obtusa basi cuneata margine integra vel levissime ondu- lata, 17-30 cm. long, x 8.5-13 cm. lata (pari inferiori valde breviori terrainalia adjacentibus similia sed majore vel breviore); supra viridis aspectu laevi et glabro sed sub microscopio epidermo ruguloso et minutissimis sparsis acutis pilis visibilis, nervo medio valde con- spicuo depresso lateralibus plus minusve impressis alteris nervulis non conspicuis; subtus pallidior. viridis costa valida nervis secundariis valde eminentibus 20-25 utroque latere angulo obtuso prope marginem curvatis evanescentibus reliqua lamina laevis subnitida minutissimis pilis sparsis munita. Paniculae floriferae axillares subterminales 18-40 cm. longae cora- positae ramulis lateralibus saepe brevibus. Rhachis robusta rugulosa minutissime puberula, ramulis 1-3 cm. longis ibidem, bracteis primariis triangularibus acutis 2 mm. long, puberulis, bracteolis floriferis con- fertis brevioribus ovatis puberulis. Flores sessiles vel subsessiles glomeratae. Calyx brevis 5 sepalis liberis imbricatis dispositis ovatis, obtusis 1-1.5 mm. longis minutissime puberulis. Petala viridi-alba 5 aestivatione quincuncialia ovato-elliptica elongata vel elliptico- oblonga 6-7 mm. long. 2.5-3.5 mm. lata intus glabra extus puberula. Staminorum tubus 3-5 mm. longus glaber margine subintegra, antherae 10 submargine sessiles inclusae. Ovarium sessile late lageniforme in brevem stylum attenuatum subglabrum, tantum minutissimis pilis sparsis instructum, triloculare, stigmate truncate. 78 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Fig. 5 Ruagea trisperma Cuatr., (x 1/3). STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PL ANTS- H 79 Inflorescentiae fructiferae extra-axillares valde robustae patemes, axe valido lignoso circa 30 cm. longo ramulis brevibus fructos sub- sessiles ferentibus. Capsula globosa 4.5 cm. diam. aurantiaca glabra mesocarpio crasso submolle albo, epicarpio in sicco coriaceo, endo- carpio rigide coriaceo triloculare loculis monospermis denique dehis- cens loculicida. Semina rubescentia plano-convexa umbilico valde evoluto infra calloso acuto, cotyledonibus parallelis verticalibus valde crassis. (Fig. 5, Fig. 6-a-b). Fig. 6 Ruagea trisperma Cuatr. (a) cross section of fruit (b) seed Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Cord. Occid.: Hoya del rio San- quinini, ribera izquierda en La Lag uia bosques 1250-1400 m. alt. 14-XII-1943 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 15521. "Arbol grande. Hoja im- paripinada, coriacea verde medio. Flores verdoso blanquecinas en pamculas terminal axilares, al caerse las hojas quedan las panieulas fructiferas caulinares (extra-axilares). Frutos casi maduros esfe'ricos 4.5 cm. diam., anaranjados, pericarpo grueso, bianco, 3 semillas con placentacion axil." (F.) The species most closely related to Ruagea trisperma is probably /?. glabra Tr. et Pi. of which I know only the brief original description. But the minutely pilose appearance of several organs of R. trisperma would be sufficient to distinguish the two species. The combination of characters noted for R . trisperma in the above description differenti- ate it from all other species of the genus. Ruagea floribunda Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor grandis. Ramuli terminales grisei rugosi puberuli. Folia im- paripinnata 4 paribus foliolis suboppositis vel oppositis. Rhachis ro- busta cum petiolo 40-50 cm. longa brunneo-viridis basi teretiuscula reliqua obtuse striata adpresse pubescenti-tomentulosa. Petiolus ad 80 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 ,. ; ^ 15 cm. long, basi incrassatus vaginatus. Petioluli robust! circa 5 mm. longi 4 mm. lati tomentulosi, supra plani vel sulcati infra carinati. Foliolorum lamina subcoriacea obovato-elliptica oblonga basi cuneata apice rotundata vel paulo attenuata obtusa margine integra, 20-32 cm. longa x 9-16 cm. lata, tria superiores valde minores (13-15 cm. longa, 5-6.5 cm. lata); supra viridis vel atroviridis sparse pilosa et glanduloso punctata nervo medio lato impresso tomentul&so secundariis conspicuis tomentellis; subtus pallido-virens copiosis acutis adpressis pilis tecta costa valde eminenti obtuse carinata pubescenti tomentulosa nervis secundariis 12-18 utroque latere elevatis obtuse ascendentibus mar- ginem versus arcuatis evanescentibus; reliquis nervulis inconspicuis. Inflorescentiae paniculatae valde evolutae axillares subterminales, 35-60 cm. longae ramulis patentibus usque ad 10 cm. longis. Rhachis erecta vel leviter flexuosa plus minusve striata adpresse pubescenti- tomentulosa. Flores sessiles vel subsessiles ad breves ramusculos bracteolatos glomerulatae. Bracteolae ovato-triangulares acutae pubes- centes parvae. Calyx minutus 5 sepalis' liberis (vel basi levissime coalitis) ovato-acutis pubescentis viridis, 1.5 mm. long. Petala pallido- viridia libera praefloratione quincuncialia oblonga obtusa 7 mm. longa 2-2.5 mm. lata utrinque glabra sed margine superiorem partem minutis- sime ciliata. Tubus androcei subcylindricus apicem versus angustatus margine crenata leviter dilatata utrinque glaber albus, 5-6 mm. longus. Antherae ellipticae 10 sub marginem insertae cum dentibus alternanti- bus. Gynophorum breve glabrum. Ovarium elongatum glabrum sensim sine sensu in stylum angustatum triloculare loculis saepe uniovulatis. Stylus 2 mm. long, crassiusculus glaber. Stigma crasso-discoideum. Inflorescentia fructifera magna conferta pendula circa 40 cm. longa rhachi ramulisque lignosis robustis puberulis. Fructi subsessiles trigono-rotundatis 23-26 mm. diara. fusci lenticellati pericarpio coriaceo, triloculari saepe trispermi, seminibus rubris ovalibus depressis cotyle- donibus crassis parallelis. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental, Hoya del rib Digua: Quebrada del San Juan arriba de Queremal: Las Colonias 1950-2050 m. alt. colect. 20-111-1947 J. Cuatrecasas 23927. "Gran arbol. Hoja membranacea o subcoria'cea verde o verde oscuro haz, verde claro enves. 5 foliolos o mas. Caliz verde. Corola verde palida. Corona blanca. Frutos esfero-tn'gonos parduscos 23x26 mm." (F.) Ruagea floribunda is well characterized by its dense and compressed pubescence, subcoriaceous leaves, large inflorescences, pale viridous petals, glabrous ovary and the size and consistency of the fruit. For these reasons it differs considerably from R. pubescens Karsten, R. mollicoma (Pitt.) Harms and R. trisperma previously described. Ruagea tomentosa Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor. Ramuli terminales viridi-ochracei dense tomentosi. Folia im- paripinnata alterna 4-5 paribus foliolis oppositis terminali maximo, deorsum decrescentibus, interdum paripinnata. Rhachis 24-32 cm. longa fere teres dense ochraceo-viridi tomentosa. Petiolus circa 6 cm. longus STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PL ANTS- II 81 basi paulo dilatatus. Petioluli breves crassiusculi dense tomentosi 3-5 mm. longi. Lamina foliolorum subcoriacea ovato-elliptica vel late elliptica basi rotundata vel truncata apice attenuata breviter cuspidata, terminalis obovato-oblonga cuspidata basi cuneata margine integra, 14-24 cm. longa x 5.5-10.5 cm. lata, inferiores valde minores usque ad 5x3-4 cm. reductae; supra atroviridis (in herbario pallida) plus minusve pilosa et sparse glanduloso punctata, nervo medio lato valde tomentoso notato secundariis tomentulosis conspicuis reliquis nervulis obsoletis; subtus pallido-viridis tomentosa nervo medio eminenti, lateralibus pro- minentibus 14-20 utroque latere patentibus angulo valde obtuso ad mar- ginem curvatis, venulis laxum reticulum prominulum formantibus. Inflorescentiae axillares paniculatae abbreviatae 5-10 cm. longae. Axis ramulique valde tomentosis plus minusve striatis , bracteolis lanceolatis circa 1 mm. longis extus tomentosis. Pedicelli 0-2 mm. longi crassiusculi. Calyx 5 sepalis fere liberis ovatis obtusiusculis viridi-luteolis 2 mm. longis et latis extus dense hirsutulis. Petala 5 libera aestivatione quincuncialia pallide viridi-luteola, in sicco rubra, utrinque glabra margine parum cilio lata oblonga obtusa 10 mm. longa 3-4 mm. lata. Tubus stamineus cylindraceus 8 mm. long, glaber apicem versus paulo angustatus, apice crenulatus, 10 antheris elliptico- oblongis sub margine dispositis minime exsertis cum dentibus alternan- tibus. Gynophorum breve cylindricum 0.8 mm. longum glabrum. Ovari- um angustatum dense villosum 3.5 mm. long., triloculare. Stylus 2.5 mm. longus glaber. Stigma crasso-discoideum. Paniculae fructiferae axillares 7-10 cm. longae axe ramulique ligno- sis tomentosis. Capsullae subglobosae apice brevissime apiculatae basi abrupte stipiforme angustatae, epicarpio crasso-coriaceo extus rubescens maculato-lenticelloso, trivalvatae saepe trispermae, se'mi- nibus rubris. Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Cordillera Occidental, Hoya del rfo Cali, rio Pichinde entre Quebrada de Juntas y El Recreo, 2070- 2260 m.^alt. 7-VIII-1946 colect J. Cuatrecasas 21988. "Arbol. Hoja subcoriacea, flexible, verde amarilloso oscuro haz, clara enves. Flor totalmente amarillo verdoso clara." (F.) Rua^ea tomentosa is very different from all other known species of Ruagea. It can be distinguished by the soft tomentum of its branchlets, inflorescences and leaves, by the short pseudoracemose inflorescences, large slightly greenish flowers, glabrous petals and villous ovary, and even by the form of the leaves and size of the fruit. T rich ilia colombiana Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor. Ramuli cortice griseo rubuloso pubescenti-tomentulosi. Folia imparipinnata alterna 3-4 paribus foliolis sub-oppositis breviter petio- lulatis. Rhachis robusta teres 14-15 cm. longa dense hirsuto-tomentosa, petiolo basi vaginato incrassato. Petioluli 2-4 mm. longi crassiusculi supra plani dense hirsutulo-tomentosi. Lamina coriacea in sicco grisea obovata vel obovato oblonga basi cuneata vel obtusa vel truncata apice abrupte attenuata et breviter obtuseque cuspidata margine subintegra, 82 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 supra sparse hirsutula-mollis nervo medio lato et nervis lateralibus hirsute tomentosis, subtus subtomentosa copiosis sparsis longis pilis munita nervo medio robusto elevato dense tomentoso, nervis lateralibus 10-15 paribus elevatis hirtulo-tomentosis patentibus marginem versus arcuatis anastomosati-evanescentibus, reliquis nervulis obsoletis, 6-11 cm. longa, 3-6 cm. lata, vel inferiora minora. Paniculae fructiferae axillares 4-8 cm. longae, axe ramulisque valde hirsuto-tomentosis. Capsulae ovato trigonae obtusae tomentulosae aurantiacae circa 1 cm. long, irregulariter 3 valvis dehiscens. Semina elliptico-oblonga plus minusve sulcata, arillo cornoso rubescenti. Type: Colombia, Dep. Cundinamarca. Limoncito, entre Melgar y Arbela'ez, 500 m. alt., 7- VIII- 1939 colect. J. Cuatrecasas & E. Perez Arbelaez 6586. "Gran arbol. Frutos amarillo anaranjados." (F.) Trichilia colombiana is easily distinguished by the tomentose indu- ment of its branchlets, leaves and fruits. The broader, larger and less numerous leaflets clearly differentiate this species from T. tomentosa HBK. Trichilia laxipaniculata Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor grandis. Folia magna imparipinnata 11 foliolis alternis petio- lulatis. Rhachis 35 cm. longa valde robusta plus minusve angulata rubescens glabra laevis vel sparse lenticellata, petiolo supra leviter canaliculate alato basi incrassato. Petioluli crassiusculi plus minusve flexuosi glabri fere 1 cm. longi. Lamina foliolorum crasse coriacea superioribus oblongo elliptica valde elongata basi obtusa apice abrupte attenuata mutica vel breviter apiculata usque ad 30 cm. longa x 8.5 cm. lata, medianae elliptica vel ovato-elliptica basi rotundata apice acute- apiculata 13-20 cm. longa 6-6.5 cm. lata, inferioribus lamina valde breviora ovata 4 cm. longa 3.5 cm. lata; margine integra leviter revolu- ta; supra glabra subnitida nervo medio impresso lateralibus leviter con- spicuis reticulum obsoletis; subtus glabra in sicco pallide ferruginea, costa crassa eminenti nervis lateralibus usque ad 22 utroque latere (in foliolis maximis) prominulis divergentibus prope margine arcuatis eva- nescentibus, venulorum reticulum laxum obsoletum. Panicula magna, 40 cm. longa, rhachi tenui fistulosa basim versus incrassata glabra, sed sursum minutissime puberula. Ramulis alternis inferioribus usque 15 cm. long, laxe dispositis et ramificatis tenuibus delicatis plus minusve flexuosis minutissime puberulis, ramulis teneri- bus divaricatis, floribus breviter pedicellatis, bracteolis minutissimis linearibus. Calyx breviter cupuliformis subdiscoidalis obtuse 5-lobatis vel subintegris 2 mm. diara. puberulus. Petala 5.2 mm. longa albida ovata dimidio inferiora connata extus parce puberula intus glabra lobis triangularibus margine revolutis minute ciliolatis aestivatione valvatis. Staminorum tubus urceolatus glaber 1.5 mm. longus, 5 dentibus lineari- bus acutis 0.3 mm. cum antheris alternantibus. Antherae 5 ovato- oblongae obtuse breviter stipitatae. Ovarium triloculare sessile amplum depressum dense breviterque hirsutum. Stylus brevis glabratus. Stig- ma capitatum. STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS- II 83 Type: Ecuador, frontera Colombo-ecuatoriana: selva higr6fila del rfo San Miguel o Sucumbfos, entre los afluentes Bermeja y Sipenae, 350-400 m. alt. ll-XII-1940 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 10942. "Arbol. Petalos blanquecinos." (F.) Trick ilia laxipaniculata belongs to Sect. Moschoxylum. It differs from the other members of this section by its large, glabrous leaves with their strong rachis and large coriaceous leaflets, by the long panicles with lax, more or less divaricate and flexuose branchlets, and by its small flowers. The most closely related species are T. guianen- sis Kl., T. Ruiziana D. DC. and T. appendiculata (Tr. et PI.) DC. In addition to the characters listed above T. laxipaniculata differs also by its petals being united in the lower middle part, its almost entire calyx, its urceolate 5 dentate, staminal tube, its 5 anthers, alternate petiolate leaflets and valvate petals. CELASTRACEAE Maytenus novogranatensis Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor 4-8 met. alt. Ramuli fusco-grisei rugulosi juveniles minutis- sime puberuli. Folia coriacea vel subcoriacea simplicia alterna. Petiolus 4-7 mm. longus subteneris rigidus minute papilloso-pilosus. Lamina junior pallido-viridis membranacea denique robustiora et obscure viridis utrinque glabra, ovata vel ovato-oblonga basi rotundata vel late cune- ata apice abrupte attenuata vel attenuata obtusa vel acutiuscula, 2-6 cm. longa x 12-28 mm. lata, margine serrato-dentata, supra nitida nervo medio impresso reliquis obsoletis vel inconspicuis, subtus pallidior nervo medio elevato, 6-7 paribus lateralibus nervis filiformibus ascen- dentibus marginem versus arcuato anastomosantibus. Stipulae minutae deciduae, lanceolatae laciniatae, 1 mm. longae. Inflorescentiae axil lares solitariae quam folia valde breviores, 3-9 floribus, rhachi ramulisque teneribus viridulis glabris. Bracteolae ovatae acutae amplectentes dentato-ciliatae. Pedicelli teneres 1-2 mm. longi. Flos pallido-virido-luteus expansus 3-4 mm. latus. Sepala 5 late ovata 0.6-0.8 mm., obtusa glabra integra vel lacerato-ciliata. Petala ovato-oblonga obtusa 1.6 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, margine minute lacerata. Stamina petalis dimidio breviora antheris ovato-subcordatis. Stigma sessile obscure 2-3 lobatura, ovarium ovato-conicum subinmer- sum. Discus pentagonus fere 1 mm. latus. Fructus capsularis 2-3 lobatus 6-7 mm. longus vulgo bispermus. Se- mina oblonga 4.5-5 mm. longa, 3 mm. lata rubescentia. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Central: Hoya del rib Buga- lagrande, Barragan: Paramo de Bavaya, Corrales 3550-3400 m. alt., colect. ll-IV-1946 J. Cuatrecasas 20596. "Arbolito 4 met., Hoja mem- branosa, verde clara, semibrillante haz, mate enves. Perianto amarillo verdoso claro." (F.) 84 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Cotypes: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Cordillera Central, Cabeceras del rib* Palo, Quebrada del no Lopez: Alto del Duende, matorrales y bos- quecillo de paramo, 3300-3350 m. alt. colect. 2-XIM944 J. Cuatrecasas 18897. "Arbol fruto tn'mero. Semillas anaranjadas." Id. loc. colect. l-XI-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 18842. "Arbolito. Hoja membranosa verde oscura en el haz, clara en el enves. Perianto verdoso claro." (F.) Other specimen: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental, Los Farallones, filo de la Cordillera, extr. N., Alto del Buey, 3330 met. alt. 2-VIII-1946 J. Cuatrecasas 21913. "Arbol. ^Hoja coriacea, flexible, verde clara haz, verde amarillenta palida enves. Caliz verde. Corola rosada." Form little different ( fma roseopetala). Maytenus novogranatensis is closely related to the chiefly Peruvian M. verticillata (R. et P.) DC. which extends to Ecuador and Colombia in various forms but always has lanceolate, long angustate, cuneiform leaves. M. novogranatensis has ovate leaves with shorter teeth. Other species recorded from Colombia are quite different as for in- stance Af. Trianae Briq. and M. laxiflorus Tr. et PI. which have entire leaves and glabrous branchlets. STERCULIACEAE Theobroma s tip ula turn Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor 32 met. alt. trunco 24 met. alt. 45 cm. diam. basi triangulare, cortice rugoso-granuloso rubescenti brunneo, ligno obscure ochraceo duro. Ramuli grisei rugoso-squamuloso glabrescens terminationibus ornotinis dense pallido-ferrugineo-tomentosis pilis stellatis et fascicu- latis obtecti. Folia simplicia alterna grandia satis coriacea. Petiolus 5-10 mm. long robustus valde crassus dense ferrugineo-tomentosus. Lamina obovato-elliptica oblonga saepe parce asymmetrica basi aequilatera leviter emarginato-cordata apice rotundata vel truncata vel obtusa, margine integra vel irregulariter levissime sinuata plana; 23-45 cm. longa x 11-17 cm. lata; supra viridis pilis stellulatis sparsis munita nervo medio et lateralibus linearibus tomentulosis impressis; subtus tomentosa viridi-ochracea minutis pilis stellatis tecta costa valida prominenti nervis secundariis circa 12 utroque latere valde eminentibus densiusculi tomentosis, basi sub-quintuplinervia sed lateralibus nervis quam costa valde angustioribus reliquis nervulis elevatum reticulum formantibus. Stipulae coriaceae dense tomentosae ovatae vel ovato- oblongae obtusae persistentes 8-12 mm. longae 5-9 mm. latae, pallide ferrugineae. Inflorescentiae caulinares. Kami fertiles brevia tubercula congesta ad truncum formantes quae ramulos lignosos saepe furcato-ramificatos plus minusve tortuosos et intricatos tomentulosos bracteatos usque ad 1-3 cm. longos ferentia; bracteis ovatis brevibus. Ramuli fertiles ter- minales solitarii 5-10 mm. longi teneres stellato-tomentosi apice tri- bracteolati 1-flori pedicellati, bracteolis linearibus acutis 2-3 mm. STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-II 85 Fig. 7 Theobroma stipulatum Cuatr., fruit (x 3/4). 86 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 longis. Pedicelli erecti teneres circa 10-22 mm. longi dense tomentosi. Alabastra globosa 12-14 mm. diam. sublanato-tomentosa. Sepala 5 ovato-triangularia valvata crassa incus glabra extus dense stellato- tomentosa sublanata 10-15 mm. longa, tertio inferiore coalita basi um- bilicata deinde reflexa. Petala 5 libera ungue late obovato-elliptico concavo 6-sulcato-venoso margine involute apice obtuso valde cucul- lato circa 6 mm. longo, ligvda dimidio inferiore valde anguste lineari 3-4 mm. longa dimidio superiore subite ampliata late spathulata vel rhomboidea 3-4 mm. lata et longa. Stamina 5 fertilia cum 5 staminodiis petaloideis alternatim coalita. Tubus, 1.5-2 mm. longus. Staminodia obovato oblonga spathulata apice rotundata, 11 mm. long. 5 mm. lata. Stamina fertilia filamento crasso brevi curvato reflexo 2 mm. long, antheris tribus bilobulatis lobis ellipticis bilocularibus. Ovarium 2 mm. longum ovate oblongum 5 sulcatum 5 loculis dense tomentoso hirsutum. Stylus filiformis 2 mm. glaber stigmate punctiformi. Fructus ellipticus vel ovato-ellipticus oblongus basi rotundatus apice rotundatus vel obtusus laevis dense adpresseque brunneo-tomen- tosus, pericarpio coriaceo 18-22 cm. long., 9-10 cm. latus. Pedunculus fructiferus brevis validus crassus lignosus. (Fig. 7) Type: Colombia, Intendencia del Chocd. Rio San Juan, junto a Pales- tina, 30 met. alt., 28-V-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21339. "Arbol 32 met. alt. Tallo sencillo hasta 24 met. alt., base 45 cm. diam. (triangular); corteza rugoso granulosa, con la capa externa fa'cilmente separable, pardo rojiza, seccion pardo rojiza. Madera ocraceo oscura, dura. Hoja coriacea, verde haz, verde ocr^cea enyes, tierna verde amarillento claro haz. Ramas tiernas hojosas y estfpulas ferruginoso claras. Frutos elfpticos oblongos obtusos tomentosos, pardo oscuros, pericarpo coria'ceo-sublefioso, 20-22 cm. long., 9-10 cm. lat." Theobroma stipulation is closely related to Th. Cirmolinae Cuatr., chiefly because of the similarity of the leaves, inflorescences and the flowers. We do not know the color of the flower, as it was collected dry. In spite of the pronounced similarity between these two species, Th. stipulation can easily be distinguished from Th. Cirmolinae by the cylindrical ovate fruit with a smooth coriaceous pericarp. Besides the leaves have a shorter petiole, are less deeply emarginated at the base and more obovate (the largest part towards the apex), slightly pubes- cent on the upper side and more tomentose on the lower side ( in Th. Cirmolinae the indument is more compressed and scarce), less cori- aceous and somewhat hirsutulous along the veins, as are the branch- lets. The flowers, too show some differences, for the lower part of the petals is more hooded and the ligule is of different form. The stipules of both species are persistent but those of T. stipulatum are much stronger and obtuse. While Th. Cirmolinae is a mountaineer species of the lower sub- Andean forest (1000-1400 m. alt.), Th. stipulatum grows in the lowland forest of occidental Choco, where it is not a common tree. Further STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS- II 87 investigation is necessary to determine the possibility of economic importance of this species. BOMBACACEAE Huberodendron Patinoi Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor magna, 40 met. alta basi robustissimis radicibus epigaeis tabu- laribus sursum decurrentibus fulta. Caulis 7 met. supra basim 50 cm. diam., cortice brunneo rugoso squamuloso sectio badi. Ramuli obscure grisei plus minusve granulosi teretes. Folia alterna unifoliolata longe petiolata. Petiolus teres subteneris sed rigidus sub-apice incrassatus articulatus basi paulo dilatatus minutissimis sparsis pilis substellatis munitus vel glaber 4.5-8 cm. longus. Lamina firme membranacea viridis ovato-oblonga vel ovata vel elliptico-ovata basi late obtusa vel truncata vel subrotundata apice obtusiuscula acuminata vel mutica 9-17 cm. longa, 5-12 cm. lata, mar- gine integra; supra nervo medio lateralibusque signatis munitissimis pilis stellulatis sparsis munita vel (in vetustioribus) glabra; subtus pallidior costa crassa valde elevata nervis secundariis prominentibus 6-7 utroque latere ascendentibus marginem versus arcuato-anastomo- satis, nervulis tertiariis transversis cum venulis in laxum tenuem reti- culum anastomosatis saepe sparsissimis minutissimis pilis stellatis munita. Inflorescentiae terminates cymoso-paniculatae usque ad basim folio- sae, pedunculo brevi ramisque valde robustis. Kami paniculae saepe 3-5 subumbellati aliquando uno ramo inferiore inserto, rigidi inaequi- longi (4-10 cm. long.) extreme bi-tri-furcati in ramulis floriferis cincin- natis ferrugineo-tomentosis 4-5 cm. longis. Flores secundae breviter pedicellatae congestae. Bracteae lineares obtusae 3-4 mm. longae tomentosae deciduae. Pedicelli crassi 3-5 mm. longi tomentosi. Calyx subcoriaceus conico-campanulatus 12 mm. longus, quinque- lobatus lobulis triangularibus acutis 4 mm. longis aestivatione valvatis, extus ferrugineo tomentosus pilis stellatis vel fasciculatis obtectus, intus sericeus. Corolla crassiuscula circa 18 mm. longa tubo cupulli- formi 2-3 mm. alto tomentoso, petalis 14-15 mm. longis, 7-8 mm. latis, obovato-ellipticis vel oblongo-obovatis apice rotundatis basi supra tubum angustissime contractis; extus adpresse stellato-pilosis tomentu- losis, intus sericeis aestivatione contortis. Columna staminea supra basim cupuliformem 3 mm. longa inferiori parte pilosa apicem unilatero fissa. Lobi antheriferi 5 basi coaliti 3-4 mm. longi 5 thecis valde con- gestis pluriseptatis ellipticis 1.5 mm. longi (inferiori breviore), apice obtusis tenuissimam caudam filiformem ad 2 mm. longam productis. Lobi antheriferi inferiori parte connati valde congesti figuram subglo- bosam formantes. Ovarium ovoideum 3 mm. longum tomentulosum, 5 loculare septis contortis. Stylus glaber filiformis tubo staminibus brevior infra apicem subito incrassatus et per fissuram staminorum ex- sertus. Stigmata 5 lanceolata stellata exserta. 88 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Fructus capsularis ellipticis utrinque obtusis 20-30 cm. longus, circa 10-12 cm. latus extus badi tomentulosogranulosus, 5 locularis endocarpio papiraceo in 5 saccos papiraceos valde fragilis dirempto, pericarpio lignoso in 5 valvis 10-12 mm. crassis 5-6 cm. latis apice acutis basi acutis contortisque dehiscente. Semina in unoquoque loculo in duabus seriebus longitudinalibus dispossita, uno latere quin- que inferiora ala sursum ascendenti, utroque latere quinque superiora ala deorsum descendenti, quae alae utriusque series alternating ad- presseque interpossitae sunt. Semina epispermo suberoso fusco ob- scure ovato-deltoidea 15 mm. lata et longa, extreme longam alam sube- roso-membranaceam oblongam obtusam vel truncatam 8 cm. longam 2.5-3-5 cm. latam producta. Columella dissepimenta loculorum saccique papiracei facile dirumpo. (Fig. 8, 9, 10 and 11) Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Rib Calima(region del Choco): La Trojita, bosques 5-50 met. alt., 10- III- 1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 16837. "Gran arbol, 40 met. alt. Estribos tabulares grandes, delgados y robustos, decurrentes sobre el tallo en una extension de 6 o 7 metres hacia arriba, en cuyo punto el tallo tiene 50 cm. diam. Corteza pardo clara, pardo grisacea, rugoso escamosita, seccion sepia. Frutos ob- longos, 20-30 cm. long., 10-12 cm. lat., tomentuloso granuloso; peri- carpo coriaceo, 10-12 mm. grueso, 5 cavidades. Semillas provistas de una gran ala terminal, 12 cm. long., 35 mm. lat." (F.) Cotype: The same locality > near La Brea, collected by V. M. Patino, C. Ponton and L. B. Bermudez, October 1948 (F). Specimens with flowers. Another specimen: Colombia, Dep. del Valle; Costa del Pacffico: rib Cajambre, Silva, 30 met. alt., 14-V-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 17652. "Arbol muy grande con largos estribos tabulares decurrentes. Semillas aladas 10-11 cm. long, (recogidas del suelo)." (F.) In 1943 Gleason described the first species of this genus from speci- mens collected by Krukoff in the Purus river region as Bernouillia swietenioides (Phytologia I: 109), and added this commentary: "Few, if any, of the plants recently brought back from Brazil by Mr. Krukoff have as great an interest to the taxonomist as the tree described above. The family to which it belongs remains in question. There is little doubt as to the genus to which it is most closely related and in which it is here placed, but a study of the flowers, as yet unknown, may indi- cate that it deserves the erection of a new genus." About the same time (1935, Arch. Inst. Biol. Veget., 2: 59) Ducke published the new genus Huberodendron on the basis of two species which possess uni- foliate leaves, a stamineous tube partly open near the end, and a short style. On the basis of these characters he separated the new genus from Septotheca and from Bernouilla because of the shape of the stami- nal tube and 5-lobed style. Ducke did not know the fruits and Gleason missed the flowers. On account of its peculiar inflorescence Ducke paid special attention to the similarity between his new genus and Bernouilla. In a statement added at the end of his paper (p. 72), Ducke reduced Huberodendron Styraciflorum Ducke (type of the genus) STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS- II 89 Fig. 8 Huberodendron Patinoi Cuatr., in the low Anchicaya Valley 90 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Huberodendron Patinoi Cuatr. Fruit with some valves removed, showing the paperaceous endocarp which form the bags ( 3/5). STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PL ANTS -II 91 Fig. 10 Huberodendron Patinoi Cuatr. Fruit with pericarp removed in order to see the relative position of the seeds (x 3/4). Fig. 11 Huberodendron Patinoi Cuatr. Seeds (x 1/2). 92 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 to a synonym of Bernouillia swietenioides Gleason. Comparison of specimens and types of these plants reaffirms this synonymy. In addi- tion, the special structure of the fruit, so well described by Gleason, substantiates the validity of the new genus. As Gleason states, the discovery of this giant species of the Amazonian rainforest is one of the most important contributions to the knowledge of the flora of the neo-tropics in the last years. In my botanical explorations of the Pacific coast of Colombia, I was impressed by the sight of one of the most magnificent trees growing in the forests of one of the wettest regions of the world; locally known as "carra", this tree is especially striking because of long buttresses which strengthen it. On different occasions, I tried hard to get flowers of carra but found only fruits, foliage and wood. When I saw the fruit for the first time, I entertained thoughts like those expressed by Gleason in the above statement. A similar structure of the fruit was also quoted for another genus, Gyranthera Pittier, but the leaves of my plant were simple. Recently I received abundant material of flowers of this species collected at the same place where I had collected the branchlets with fruits in 1944. Dr. Victor M. Patino, Director of the Estacion Agroforestal del Pacifico, Cali, and one of the most efficient men in the field of agronomic activities in Colombia, managed to get flowers and inflorescences enabling me to identify "carra" with Hube- rodendron. This .discovery is an important addition to the long list of Amazonian plants now known as members of occidental flora of the continent. Huberodendron Patinoi differs from H. swietenioides (Gleason) Ducke by its smaller flowers; its larger fruit is thicker and elliptic, 10-12 cm. diam. (H. swietenioides 7 cm. diam.), and contains 10 (5 + 5) seeds in each luculus; the seeds are larger and broader; its scorpioid cymes are shorter, bear more congested flowers on shorter pedicels; the flowers are smaller and the calyx lobules deeper and acute. The leaves of the two species do not differ in any main character, although the Ducke plants have apparently slightly smaller and more coriaceous leaves, and shorter and thicker petioles. H. in gens Ducke has much larger flowers and petals as well as longer antheriferous lobules, which are narrow, divergent, and apiculate at the top. The anther sacs are long and interspersed. By comparison, H. Patinoi has thick short obtuse lobules of the androceum bearing a short, thin filiform appendix, and the whole cycle of anthers appears as a round congested figure. I compared my specimens with type material of H. styraciflorum Ducke, preserved in the Herbarium of Chicago Natural History Museum, and of H. ingens Ducke deposited in the United States National Herbarium. STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS - II 93 LACISTEMACEAE Lacistema occidentale Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor parva. Ramuli fusci glabri. Folia simplicia alterna merabranacea. Petiolus 4-5 mm. longus, glaber vel parce puberulus. Lamina elliptico-lanceolata basi obtuse attenuata apice angustata cuspidata, 5-7.5 cm. longa, 17-27 mm. lata, margine obsolete et repando serrulato-dentata utrinque blaberrima vel aliquando infra rarissimis setis munita, supra laevis subnitida nervo medio signato, infra nervo medio eminenti lateralibus 4-5 utroque latere arcuato ascendentibus paulo elevatis. Stipulae lanceolatae, 6-7 mm. longae, 2 mm. latae, acutae dorso nervo piloso deciduae. Inflorescentiae dense cylindricae spiciformae 3-10 sessiles in axillis foliorum glomeratae, usque ad 12 mm. longae. Bractea late triangular! s cochleariformis acuta margine minute lacerato-ciliata amplectens flo- rum tectum. Sepala 6-5 vel 4 lanceolata acuminata ciliato-lacerata. Discus cupuliformis crassiusculis antice fissus et bilobatus margine leviter sinuata. Stamini lobuli horizontaliter dispositi. Ovarium gla- brum. Stigma sessile trilobatum. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental: La Cumbre, 1680 m. alt. 26-11-1945 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 19595. "Arbolito. Hoja membranosa, fragil." (F.) Lacistema occidentale. Similar to L. aggregatum (Berg) Rusby, it can be differentiated by its smaller leaves, the cupuliform floral disc and its 5 or 6 sepals (rarely only 4). Lacistema pacificum Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor. Ramuli grisei laeves vel cortice subruguloso, terminationibus plus minus puberulis denique glabri. Folia alterna simplicia coriacea. Petiolus robustus glaber vel parce puberulus supra sulcatus, 5-7 mm. longus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga utrinque attenuata, basi cuneata apice acuminata, 10-17 cm. longa x 36-66 mm. lata, margine integra; supra griseo-viridis glabra nervo medio signato reticulo nervorum capillari elevato; subtus pallidior sparsis et minutissimis pilis munita nervo medio elevato secundariis 7-9 utroque latere plus minusve conspicuis arcuato ascendentibus reliquis nervulis reticulatis. Stipulae lanceolatae valde acute acu- minatae 7 mm. longae, extus hirsutae deciduae. Inflorescentiae cylindricae spiciformae luteolo-albidae 4-6 mm. lon- gae in axillis foliorum sessiles 10-20 glomeratae congestae. Bractea late ovata depressa obtusa raargine parce lacerato-ciliata concava amplectens florum incomplete tectum. Sepala 5 raro 3 ovato-lanceolata margine ciliato-lacerata. Discus latus crassiusculus concavus brae- team excedens margine plus rainusve lobatus. Stamen paulo exsertum connectivi ramis divaricatis ascendentibus vel erectis. Stigma triloba- tum acutum. Ovarium valde reductum. Species dioica? 94 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Costa del Pacifico; rib Yurumanguf: Veneral, bosques 5-50 met. alt., 2-II-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 15875. "Arbol. Hoja coriacea, verde grisacea. Amentos de flores bianco amarillentas." (F.) Lacistema pacificum is also closely related to L. aggregatum but it has shorter and whitish inflorescences, a disc longer than the bract, a long staminal connective with erect or divaricate branchlets, commonly 5 sepals (in several flowers I have found only 3), and leaves sparsely covered by minute hairs. In the examined inflorescences the greatly reduced ovary suggests the possibility that they may be male flowers and the plant dioecious. The variation in the number of sepals noted by me in different inflorescences necessitates revising our ideas re- garding the value of this character so far considered basic in the tax- onomy of the genus. VlOLACEAE Fusispermum Cuatr., gen. nov. Flores actinomorfi perparvi. Calyx pentamerus quincuncialis. P eta la libera 5. Stamina 5 squamis glandulosis dorsalis in tubum quinquelobatum crassum connatis lobulis (squamis) oppossitipetalis, filamentis brevi- bus interiore facie tubuli adnatis, antheris ovato-cordatis dorso exap- pendiculatis apice crista brevi fimbriata munitis. Ovarium ovoideum uniloculare 3 placentis parietalibus ad dimidiam superiorem partem tantum fertilis plurima minuta ovula elliptica ferentibus. Capsula parva elliptico-oblonga leviter trisulcata pericarpio tenui coriaceo, trivalvata. Semina superiore parte placentarum inserta, lineari-fusiformia vermicularia capsula paulo breviora, formatione ari- loide lutescenti crassiuscula valde elongata tegumentum oblongo- ellipticum album obtecta, hilo longitudinaliter percursa; cotyledonibus ligularibus quam embrio recto equilongis. Inflorescentiae paniculatae reductione axe primario causa ramis fas- ciculatis elongatis pseudoracemosis vel breviter ramificatis. Arbores saepe raagni, foliis simplicibus altemis. Stipulae deciduae. Species typica prima sequitur. Fusispermum minutiflorum Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor grandis. Ramuli badi-grisei glabri minute sparseque tuberculati. Folia alterna integra subcoriacea. Petiolus robustus infra apicem incrassatus subcylindricus supra planus vel sulcatus glaber vel minu- tissime puberulus, 14-24 mm. longus. Lamina ovoideo-oblonga basi cuneata apice abrupte angustata et cuspidata, 17-27 cm. longa, 7-12 STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS - II 95 cm. lata, margine Integra et plana; supra atroviridis vel viridis glabra costa robusta subelevata nervis secundariis filiformibus notatis nervu- lis transversalibus conspicuis; subtus viridis vel pallido-viridis nervo medio valde eminenti nervis lateralibus elevatis 11-13 paribus angulo obtuso raarginem versus arcuato-ascendentibus prope marginem anasto- mosatis nervulis in reticulum elevatum valde conspicuum anastomosatis glabra sed nervis centrali et secundariis rainutissime puberulis. Stipu- lae crassiusculae amplectentes deciduae ovato-lanceolatae puberulae 7-11 mm. longae. Inflorescentiae paniculatae axillares vel postea foliorum delapsum caulinares, pedunculo comunne brevissimo tuberculato plures (vulgo 4) ramos pseudoracemosos fasciculatos ferenti. Pseudo-racemi graciles 10-20 cm. longi rhachi tenui pallido-viridi laevi glabro, ramulis brevis- simis 1-6 flores fasciculatos bracteolatos pedicellatos ferentis. Brac- teae fasciculorum ramulorum ovato-oblongae subscariosae semiamplec- tentes extus puberulae 1.5-3 mm. longae deciduae; bracteolae singuli floris perminutae ovatae vel lanceolatae puberulae 1-0.2 mm. longae. Pedicelli graciles teneres 2-4 mm. longi glabri. Flores perparvae globosae 1.5-2 mm. diam. viridi-albidae. Sepala 5 aequilonga orbiculari-ovata apicera versus puberula 1 mm. longa, quincuncialia disposita. Petala libera aequilonga late ovata obtusius- cula aestivatione imbricata glaberrima 1.2 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata. Stamina petalis breviora. Glandulae dorsales staminorum in tubum crassiusculum continuum margine libera quinquelobatum leviter denti- culatum 0.5 mm. longum connatae. Filamenta filiformia brevia interiori facie tubo adnata, 0.25 mm. longa tubulum non excedentia. Antherae 0.25 mm. longae glabrae cordatae dorso exappendiculatae tantum apice breviter crista gracile membranacea fimbriata productae. Ovarium ovoideum glabrum, stylus aequilongis glaber, stigma puntiforme. Pla- centae 3 parietales semina creberrima ovoidea compressa, superiore parte inserta. Fructus parvus elliptico-oblongus trisulcatus capsularis trivalvis 3-3.5 mm. long, basi calycem paulo accrescentem et androcoeum per- sistentem suffultus, corolla decidua. Valvae subcoriaceae extus laeves intus linea centrale placentaria et marginibus incrassatis, extus curva- tis, plurimis seminibus sublineari-vermiformibus, laevis cum longo hilo parte superiore placenta insertis, longitudinaliter dispositis valvis paulo brevioribus. Crebe ovula sterilia cum valvarum placentis per- sistit. Arilus valde evolutus luteolus tegumentum tectus, hilum longi- tudinaliter ventrali elevatum, testa interna alba 1.5 mm. long, oblongo- elliptica; cotyledones ligulares. Type: Colombia, Intend. Choco. Selva del rfo San Juan, margen derecha: Quebrada del Taparal, 5-20 met. alt. 3Q-V-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21493- "Arbol grande. Koja subcoriacea, flexible verde haz, verde palida enves. Ramillas inflorescencia tenues verde claras. Perianto blanco-verdoso." (F.) Cotype: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Costa del Pacifico: selva del no 96 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Cajambre: Barco, orillas de Agua Clara, 5-80 met. alt. 24-IV-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 17162. "Arbol. Hoja semicoriacea, verde amarillento oscura, rfgida." (F.) The genus Fusispermum belongs to the tribe Rinoreae and is related to Rinorea. It differs from the American Rinoreas in that the bases of the stamens form a tube together with the glandulose dorsal scales, this character places this species close to the Pacific-Asiatic Rino- reas. But in Fusispermum the scales are opposite the petals and are easily separable, although the staminal filaments always adhere to the inner side of the scales. Other differences from Rinorea are the ab- sence of appendicular dorsal scales on the anthers, and the presence of many ovules. Gloeospermum Tr. et PI. likewise differs by the same characters and its carnose fruit, whereas Allexis Pierre has a 'different androeceum. Fusispermum rubrolignosum Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor grandis, 30 met. alta. Caulis 40 cm. diam. cortice oscuro ligno rubro. Ramuli grisei vel badi-grisei plus minusve minute tubercu- lati et lenticellis muniti. Folia alterna simplicia subcoriacea. Petiolus 10-15 mm. longus subcylindricus supra paulo sulcatus, leviter incrassatus glaber. La- mina viridis subopaca elliptico-ovoidea utrinque attenuata basi acute cuneata apice acuta vel breviter acuminata, 9-20 cm. longa, 4-10 cm. lata sublaevis, minutissime repando denticulata; supra glabra costa et nervis secundariis signatis; infra minute sparseque puberula nervo medio elevato lateralibus 10-11 pan" bus subascendentibus prope mar- ginem arcuatis et obsolete anastomosantibus, nervulis venulisque in- conspicuo reticulo anastomosatis. Stipulae membranaceae ovato- lanceolatae acutae 8 mm. longae extus puberulae deciduae. Inflorescentiae paniculatae foliorum delapsorum causa caulinares, ramis vulgo 1-4 fasciculatis, pedunculo tuberculum caulinum reducto. Rhachis 8-12 cm. longa tenuis erecta vel plus minusve flexuosa albida tomentella, ramulis teneribus alternantibus, brachyatis 5-10 mm. longis 3-5 flores pedicellatos ferentibus, vel superne brevioribus 2-1 floris. Bracteolae pubescentes minutissimae deciduae. Pedicelli 1.5-3 mm. longi teneres tomentelli patentes. Flores albidae parvae subglobosae 2-3 mm. latae. Sepala albida ovata obtusiuscula 1.5-2 mm. longa subaequalia quincuncialis dis- posita. Petala alba libera elliptica basi ampla apicem versus laevis- sime angustata obtusa glabra 2 mm. longa 1 mm. lata in alabastro imbricata. Stamina petalis breviora. Filamentum glandulis dorsalis in tubum crassum continuum 0.6-0.8 mm. altum margine libera denticu- lata quinquelobatum connatis lobulis epipetalis facile separabilibus. Filamenta filiformia 1 mm. longa, 0.5 mm. marginem tubum excedentia superne flexuosa, basi interiore facie tubo adnata. Antherae 0.35 mm. longae glabrae luteae cordatae dorso exappendiculatae apice gracile crista merabranacea fimbriata coronatae. Ovarium ovatum obtusum glabrum 0.6 mm. longum 3 placentis parietalibus seminibus ellipticis STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS - II 97 crebris parte mediarn superiore insertis. Stylus linearis erectus glaber 1 mm. long. Stigma puntiforme. Capsula non totale evoluta semina vermiformia includentur. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental: Hoya del rio Digua, lado izquierdo: Piedra de Moler, bosques 900-1180 m. alt. 23-VIII-1943 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 15066. "Gran arbol, madera roja. Flor blanca. Raquis de la inflorescencia bianco crema." (F.) Cotype: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental: Hoya del rio Digua, lado derecho: El Engano, 700 met. alt. 27-111-1947 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 24001. "Arbol grande. Tallo 40 cm. diam., corteza oscura. Ramas ascendentes. Hoja membranosa, verde semimate. Perianto bianco." (F.) Fusispermum rubrolignosum differs from the preceding species chiefly by its leaves which are puberulent beneath, by its pubescent or tomentose, paniculate inflorescences (not pseudoracemes) and by its slightly larger flowers. Gloeospermum sclerophyllum Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor. Ramuli glabri viridi-grisei vel fusco grisei leviter rugulosi. Folia alterna simplicia coriacea. Petiolus robustus cylindricus supra sulcatus glaber, 4-6 mm. longus. Lamina ovato-elliptica basi obtuse cuneata apice abrupte angustata acute cuspidata,7-ll cm.longa, 3-5-6 cm. lata, margine integra plana vel in sicco levissime revoluta; supra atroviridis glabra nervis principalibus reticuloque venulorum conspicuis; subtus pallido-viridis glabra vel basim versus et margine sparsis nigris setis munita; costa eminenti 4-6 paribus nervis secun- dariis ascendenti arcuatis elevatis, nervorum reticulo manifesto. Stipulae ovato-lanceolatae acutissimae 10-12 ram. longae valdedeciduae. Inflorescentiae axil lares solitariae eymosae pauciflorae (1-6 floribus vulgo 2-3) pedunculo teneri rigido brevissimo, 1-2 mm. longo glabro, bracteis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis amplectentibus usque ad 1 mm. longis. Pedicelli 3-10 mm. longi, teneres erecti supra basim articu- lati glabri. Sepala 5 pallido-viridia subaequalia 1.5 mm. longa ovato-rotundata glabra margine minutissime ciliata. Petala alba crassiuscula in ala- bastro contorta elliptico oblonga apice attenuata acutiuscula 5 mm. longa 2.5 mm. lata tertio inferiore coalita. Stamina 5 libera (tantum basi brevissime coalita) filamento piano 0.8 mm. longo, anthera 9.4-9.5 mm. longa ovata, apendice apicale acute lanceolato membranaceo 1.2 mm. longo. Ovarium glabrum conicum 1 mm. longum. Stylus simplex 1.3 mm. longus. Stygma puntiforme. Fructus pre-maturitate viridulus rotundus 1.5 cm. diam., baccatus 1-3 seminibus. Semina subdiscoidea cotyledonibus crassis discoidali- bus, embrio robustus epispermo coriaceo. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Rio Calima: Quebrada de la Brea 20-40 met. alt. 24-V-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21293- "Arbol. Hoja 98 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 coriacea, verde oscura haz, verde palida enves. Pedunculo y calices verde palidos. Corola blanca." (F.) Cotype: Colombia, Rio Calima lado derecho: La Trojita 5-50 met. alt. 28-11-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 16552. "Florecitas y frutos verdosos. Frutos esfericos 1-5 cm. diam." (F.) This new species of Gloeospermum can readily be distinguished from all other known species of the genus by its coriaceous, subovate- elliptical abruptly acuminate and entire leaves with few prominent nerves. The stamens have almost free filaments and short, elliptical anthers with a very long, lanceolate appendix. The fruits of this speci- men are not completely ripe but they are spherical and smooth; by boiling them the pericarp becomes somewhat flexible, and under pres- sure breaks irregularly exposing 2-3 seeds whose coriaceous episperm is covered by slime. Although the stamens are nearly free, I referred this species to Gloeospermum, because of the form of its inflorescence, its baccate fruit and the characteristic appendix of its anthers. FLACOURTIACEAE Hasseltia tomentulosa Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor mediocris. Ramuli cortice ruguloso terminationibus tomen- tuloso. Folia simplicia alterna coriacea. Petiolus 2.5-3 cm. longus rigidus tomentulosus supra sulcatus. Lamina ovata basi subrotundata vel obtuse cuneata apice abrupte obtuseque cuspidata, dimidia superiore parte margine sinuato-dentata, quintuplinervia, supra atroviridis in sicco fusca, ad basim duabus glandulis concavis rotundato-ellipticis munita, tribus nervis principalibus plus minus ve tomentulosis reliqua glabra vel glabrescens, infra nervis principalibus tomentosis valde eminentibus centrale parte uno nervo secundario tomentoso utroque latere valde arcuato tantum notato, laterales marginem versus 3-4 nervis secundariis ascendentibus arcuatis tomentulosis instructae; reliqua numerosis nervulis filiformibus transversalibus elevatis pubes- centibus cum venulis obsoletis in reticulo anastomosatis, 10-12 cm. long., 5-7.5 cm. lat. Inflorescentiae terminales floribundae cymoso-paniculatae ramis ramulisque quaternis raro ternatis robustis patentibus tomentosis. Bracteae minutae triangulares acutae, tomentosae 1-1.5 mm. longae. Pedicelli crassiusculi tomentosi 0.5-6 mm. longi (vulgo 2-3 mm. long.). Sepala 4, basi brevissime coalita ovato oblonga acutiuscula extus tomentosa intus pubescentia 2.5-3 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata viridulo- albida. Petala parcissime breviora, obovato linearia obtusiuscula basim versus constricta viridulo-albida, extus tomentulosa intus pubes- centia. Stamina creberrima filamentis capillaribus ciliatis calyce brevioribus vel aequilongis, antheris suborbicularibus luteolis. Ova- rium ovatum valde tomentosum biloculare placentis duabus connatis ovulis numerosis. Stylus simplex glaber. Fructus ignotus. STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS - II 99 Type: Colombia, Comisana del Putumayo: Mocoa, bosque higrofilo en la Quebrada del no Mulato, 570-600 m. alt. colect. 26-XIM940 J. Cuatrecasas 11292. "Arbol. Perianto bianco creraa o bianco ver- doso, anteras araarillas." (F.) Hasseltia tomentulosa is very different from the other known species of this genus; it has robust leaves whose nerves are tomentose on the under side, a tomentose inflorescence, shorter and thicker pedicels, and tomentose ovary, sepals, and petals. The racemose inflorescence of Hasseltiopsis albomicans Sleumer readily differentiates it from the former, although both have the same appearance. Homalium chocoense Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor grandis. Ramuli rugulosi grisacei glabri divaricati, juveniles striolulati parce puberuli. Folia membranacea simplicia alterna. Petiolus 5-7 mm. longus puberulus. Lamina ovato-elliptica basi rotundata vel obtusa apice abrupte attenuata et cuspidata 6.5-11 cm. long, x 3.5-5.5 cm. lata, margine sinuato-serrata, supra atroviridis glabra nervis principalibus notatis, subtus viridis costa prominenti parcissime puberula nervis secundariis 6-7 paribus ascendentibus arcuatis filiformibus reliquis venulis obsolete reticulatis, praeter saepe axillas nervorum fasciculis pilis munitas glabra. Inflorescentiae racemosae simplices axillares, rhachi tenui parce puberuli 12-18 cm. longi. Flores sessiles vel subsessiles. Calyx tubo conico laevi fructifero depresso subhemisphaerico laevi puberulo, lobis 5 elliptico-oblongis acutiusculis 2 mm. longis tomentulosis. Petala 5 ovato triangularia quara sepala paulo majora tomentulosa viridulo-pallida. Filamenta glabra»petala aequilonga et longiora. Glan- dulae ellipticae 1 mm. lat. tomentosae. Ovarium conicum parcissime pilosulum. Styli 3 basi connati glaberrimi. Type: Colombia, Intendencia del Choco; rib San Juan, cercam'as de Palestina, Quebrada de la Sierpe, 5 met. alt., 13-111-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 16908. "Gran arbol. Hoja membranosa ngida, verde oscura. Perianto y ovario amarillo verdoso claro." (F.) Homalium chocoense is closely related to H. guianense (Aubl.) Warb. but is distinguishable from it by the almost glabrous ovary and leaves; from H. racemosum and //. Pittieri it differs not only in the smaller sessile flowers but in the nearly glabrous ovary and in the styles, which are fused at the base. Unlike the other three species, Homalium chocoense has a flat rotund rather than a conical calyx tube. Casearia megacarpa Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor usque ad 20 met. alta. Caulis usque ad 30 cm. diam. cortice laevi griseo sectione ochraceo tenui, ligno subduro lutescenti. Kami horizontales vel penduli. Ramusculi tortuosi plus minusve penduli peridermato viridi-griseo-pallido in sicco rugoso glabro. 100 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Folia siraplicia alterna coriacea. Petiolus abbreviatus crassiusculus 0.5-2 mm. longus glaber. Lamina obovato-oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga basi cuneata apicem versus rotundata attenuata abrupte cuspidata vel cuneato-cuspidata, 12-27 cm. longa, 5-10 cm. lata, margine integra vel raro obsolete denticulata utrinque glabra opaca et pallido-viridis; supra laevis nervo medio secundariisque filiformibus apparentibus venulorum reticulo notato; subtus costa valde eminenti nervis secundariis ascen- dentibus marginem versus arcuatis 8-10 utroque latere, nervulis plus minusve elevato reticulatis, glandulis punctatis oblongis linearibusque pellucidis crebis. Stipulae ovato-lanceolatae circa 4 mm. longae valde deciduae. Ramuli floriferi tuberculato capitiformes sessiles caulinares alter- nantes, axillis foliorum delapsorum dispositi, numerosis bracteolis ovato lanceolatis albidis 1-2 mm. longis, valde congestis caespitosis tecti. Flores fasciculati numerosi pedicellati. Pedicelli albi teneres puberuli usque ad 8 mm. longi parte media vel supra partem mediam articulati. Alabastra ovoidea alba. Sepala 5 ovata' vel ovato oblonga obtusa alba intus tomentulosa extus parce pubescens duo interiora magis tomentulosa, 5-6 mm. longa, 3-4 mm. lata tantum basi coalita. Petala nula. Stamina- antherifera alba 10 alternatim paulo inaequalia filamentis circa 2.5 mm. longa hirsutulus cum disci apendicibus lineari- bus crassiusculis albis hirsutulis subaequalibus altemantibus. An- therae ovato oblongae crassiuscule obtuseque apiculatae glabrae. Discus tubuliformis longis. Ovarium ovoideum dense hirsutum 3 pla- centis parietalibus numerosis ovulis. Stylus columnaris brevis sub- glaber, 0.5 ram. longus. Stigma ovoideo-capitatum glabrum subpapillo- sum 0.4-0.5 mm. longum et latum. Capsula g lo bos o-o b longa usque ad 10 cm. longa x 8 cm. lata pallido- viridis minutissime verruculosa, epicarpio subcarnoso viridi 1 mm. crasso, mesocarpio cpriaceo 2-3 mm. crasso badio, endocarpio carnoso 12-15 mm. crasso albo, 3 placentis vix elevatis, denique in 3 valvis dehiscens. Semina alba cotyledonibus rugosis, in mucilago inmersa. (Fig. 12) Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Hoya del rio Sanquinim', lado izquierdo, La Laguria, bosques 1250-1400 m. alt., colect. 10-XII-1943 J. Cuatrecasas 15408. "Arbol 20 met. alt. Tallo 25 cm. diam. Madeia dura amarillenta. Corteza lisa. Ramas pendulas. Flores caulinares blancas. Fruto globoso oblongo, 10 cm. long., 8 cm. lat.; epicarpo semiblando 1 mm. grueso verde exteriormente; mesocarpo delgado, sublenoso 2 mm. sepia; endocarpo carnoso 12-15 mm. bianco. 3 pla- centas poco salientes, gruesas. Semillas blancas cubiertas con un mucilago dulzaino, con dos cotiledones rugosos. Fruto dehiscente en 3 valvas." (F.) Cotype: Colombia id. id. La Laguna colect. 12-XI-1943 J. Cuatre- casas 15462. "Arbol. Corteza gris pardusca. Hoja coriacea, verde clara. Flores (pedunculos, calices, corona y estambres) blancas, en haces caulinares." (F.) STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS - II 101 Fig. 12 Cassearia mega car pa Cuatr. (x 2/5). 102 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 Casearia megacarpa of the Sec. Pitumba, is closely related to other species with large leaves (for instance C. com bay men sis Tul., C. javitensis HBK), and readily distinguishable by its exceptionally large fruits. These capsules are rotund or slightly elongate, smooth 6-10 cm. long, and open in three valves displaying the seeds sur- rounded by a sweetish aromatic mucilage. By comparison C. javitensis has a different structure and leaf form, while C. combaymensis has a glabrous disc and androeceum Casearia cordillerana Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor 12 met. alta. Caulis 12 cm. diam. cortice tenui griseo sectione ochraceo, ligno subduro roseo-ochraceo-albido. Kami horizontales vel paulo ascendentes. Ramuli pallidi glabri in sicco peridermato rugosi. Folia simplicia alterna coriacea glaberrima. Petiolus brevis robus- tus supra sulcatus 5-6 mm. longus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga vel elliptico-lanceolata basi cuneata apice attenuata acuminata, 12-24 cm. longa 4.5-9 cm. lata, margine integra utrinque viridis et nitida; supra nervo medio et lateralibus conspicuis reticulum nervulorum nota- tum; subtus costa valde prominenti nervis lateralibus 7-10 utroque latere eminentibus arcuato-ascendentibus ad marginem obsolete anas- tomosantibus, reticulo nervulorum conspicuo; glandulis rotunda tis oblongis linearibusque pellucidis satis numerosis. Stipulae deciduae lanceolatae + 7 mm. longae. Ramuli floriferi abbreviati tuberculati sessiles axillis foliorum de- lapsorum prodeunti, cum bracteolis ovatis 2-3 mm. long, puberulis congestis tecti. Flores 6-10 fasciculati breviter pedicellati congesti. Pedicelli crassiusculi 1-1.5 mm. longi articulati glabrati. Alabastra ovato-rotundata. Sepala 5 ovato-orbicularia minute puberula alba, 3-4 mm. longa 2-3 mm. lata, basi coalita. Petala nula. Stamina antherifera 10 subaequilonga filamentis 2 mm. longis glabris cum disci apendicibus oblongis obtusis hirsutulis dimidio brevioribus alternantibus. Antherae ovato-oblongae crassiuscule apiculatae glabrae. Discus cupuliformis latus brevis. Ovarium ovoideum villosum. Stylus brevis glabratus, 0.5 ram. Stigma globoso-capitatum. Fructus suborbicularis (orbiculari-oblongis) circa 6-7 cm. longus et latus (unus 7 cm. long, x 6.5 cm. lat.), pericarpio extus viridi nitido, 12-13 mm. crasso tribus placentis parietalibus parum incrassatis. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental, extreme N. filo de la Cordillera sobre Las Brisas, monte El Tabor, 1970-2100 m. alt., 22-X-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 22419. "Arbol 12 met. Tallo 12 cm. Ramas horizontales o en angulo muy obtuso. Corteza delgada, gris, seccion ocracea. Madera semi dura bianco rosado ocracea. Hojas en un piano, coriaceas, verdes muy brillantes haz, brillantes enves. Perianto bianco. Frutos 6-7 cm. Pericarpo verde brillante 12-13 mm.' grueso." (F.) Casearia cordillerana is closely related to C. megacarpa from which it differs by its narrower, shiny (whether fresh or dried) leaves, larger STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS - II 103 petioles, shorter inflorescences with fewer flowers, extremely short and almost glabrous pedicells, shorter, ovate-orbicular sepals and especially broader and shorter floral disc the appendages of which are half as long as the glabrous stamens. Casearia cajambrensis Cuatr. , sp. nov. Arbor. Ramuli griseo-fusci puberuli. Folia simplicia alterna membranacea. Petiolus brevis robustus parce puberulus vel glabrescens, 2-5 mm. longus. Lamina oblongo- lanceolata basi cuneata apice attenuata cuspidata acuta, 14-26 cm. longa, 4-7 cm. lata, epunctata, margine obsolete serrata; supra viridis nitida glaberrima costa paulo sulcata nervis secundariis conspicuis; subtus pallidiora glabra costa robusta eminenti nervis lateralibus 10-13 utroque latere ascendentibus ad marginem arcuatis obsolete anastomo- santibus, nervulis laxe reticulatis. Stipulae lanceolatae pubescentes 4 mm. longae valde deciduae. Fragmenta vetustorum florum tantum vidi. Sepala oblonga pubes- centia. Filamenta staminum hirsutula. Appendices disci lineari-hirsuti stamina breviores. Fructus obovoideo-globosus basi cuneatus apice abrupte acuminatus 4-5.5 cm. longus 3-4.5 cm. latus luteo-badius dense tomentuloso-velutinus; pericarp io carnosulo subcoriaceo in sicco 3 costis suturalibus elevatis, in 3 valvis dehiscens. Semina polygonato- oblonga 11-15 cm. longa testa laevi cum arillis mucilagineis dulcis glomerata. Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Costa del Pacifico; n'o Cajambre: Quebrada de Guapecito, 0-5 met. alt., 16- V- 1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 17717. "Arbol. Hoja membranosa, verde brillante haz, claro enves. Frutos globose cuneiformes apuntados, hasta 5.5 x 4.5. cm., de color y aspecto de albaricoque. Pericarpo carnoso-semicoriaceo, dehiscente en 3 valvas, seccion bianquecina, dejando un glomerulo de semillas amasadas en un mucilago transparente y dulce." (F.) Casearia cajambrensis is related to C. macrophylla Vahl but is readily distinguished by its elongated leaves and the shape and larger size of its fruit. RHIZOPHORACEAE Cassipourea Killipii Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor usque ad 10 met. altitudinem. Caulis 20 cm. diam. cortice subfusco subruguloso sectione badi, ligno duro lutescenti. Ramuli brunnei subrugulosi glabri. Folia crasso-coriacea vel coriacea subrigida opposita petiolata. Petiolus brevis robustus glaber 3-7 mm. longus. Lamina late elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga apice basique obtuse attenuata vel basi truncata vel apice brevissime obtuseque acuminata, margine integra, 6-13 cm. longa, 4-6.5 cm. lata; supra viridis in sicco valde pall ido- viridis, laevis glabra nervo medio tantum notato; infra viridi-pallida, nervo 104 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 medio elevafo secundariis 7-9 utroque latere angustissirae elevatis marginern versus arcuato ana stomo satis, glabra vel aliquando juvenilia parcissime puberula. Stipulae interpetiolares triangulari-lanceolatae 3-4 mm. longae pubescences deciduae. Flores fasciculati numerosi in tuberculis axillaribus vel ex-axillari- bus inserti, sessiles vel subsessiles (pedicello infra 1 mm. longum). Bracteolae semiorbiculares obtusae pubescentes 1 mm. long. 1.5 mm. latae. Calyx 5 ram. longus campanulatus crassiusculus viridis extus glaber vel minutissimis sparsissimis adpressis pilis munitus, intus dense villoso-sericeus, 4-5 lobatus lobis ovato triangularibus acutis quam tubo brevioribus. Petala alba lineari-spathulata, 7 mm. longa et pluri- mis laciniis linearibus 3-4 mm. longis satis pilosis, ungue lineari gla- bro calycem altitudinem excedenti. Stamina numerosa (circa 28) verti- cillata extra discum inserta, filamentis filiformibus glabris calycem 1-2 mm.) excedentibus, antheris lineari-oblongis glabris 1-2 mm. longis supra basim insertis. Discus crasso-membranaceus tubulosus dentatus glaber 0.8 mm. altus. Ovarium glabrum vel tantum apice pilosum trilo- culare loculis bi-ovulatis. Stylus sericeus longus 6 mm. Stigma punti- forme. Receptaculum extra discum ciliatum. Capsula elliptica basi attenuata apice obtusa stylo remanenti, glabra 7 mm. longa, plerumque trisperma semina oblonga laevia 6 mm. longa, Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Costa del Pacifico: Bahia de Buenaventura: Quebrada de San Joaquin, 0-10 m. alt. 20-11-1946 J. Cuatrecasas 19878. "Arbol 10 met. Tallo 20 cm. diam., corteza pardo clara, subrugulosa, seccion sepia. Madera dura, amarillenta. Hoja coriacea, semiflexible verde oscura haz, clara enve's semibrillante. Caliz verde. Pe'talos blancos." (F.) (US) Cotypes: Id. id. Bahfa de Buenaventura: Quebrada de Aguadulce 0-10 m. alt. 11-XM945 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 19717. "Arbol. Hoja craso-coriacea, verde medio haz, verde claro enves. Flores en las ramas secundarias. Caliz verde." (F.) Id. id. Buenaventura Bay, fore'st at edge of mangroves June 9, 1944 colect. E. P. Killip & J. Cuatrecasas 38975. "Tree 6-7 m. high; fruit olive-green." (F.) (US) Id. id. near Buenaventura: El Forge, sea level, June 8, 1944 collect. E. P. Killip & J. Cuatrecasas 38958. "Tree 6-7 m. high; fruit green. Mangrove swamp." (F.) (US) Id. id., Buenaventura Bay, mangrove swamp, April 14, 1939 collect. E. P. Killip 34987. "Tree 3-4 m. high; trunk about 15 cm. in diameter; flowers white." (US) Id. id., Mangrove thicket along Buenaventura Bay, May 7, 1922 collect. E. P. Killip 5218. (US) Id. id., Mangrove thicket along Buenaventura Bay, Oct. 5-10, 1922 collect. E. P. Killip 11735 (US) STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS - II 105 Id. id., Costa del Pacffico: Estero del Encanto, entre los rfos Yurumanguf y Cajambre 0-5 m. alt. 11-11-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 16165. "Arbol. Hoja craso coriacea, verde p&lida en el env?s." (F.) Id. id., Intendencia del Choco: Banks of Quebrada Togoroml dense tidal forest, June 13, 1944 collect. E. P. Killip & J. Cuatrecasas 39141. "Tree; calyx and fruit green." (F.) (US) Cassipourea Killipii is easily distinguished by its elliptical, abruptly and shortly acuminate, obtuse leaves, which are thick and (in dried state) have slightly prominent secundary nerves. Although closely related to C. elliptic a Poir. and C. guianensis Aubl., it differs from both by its leaf characters, glabrous ovary and long anthers. The other two species, according to the abundant mate- rial examined from Central America and Guyana, have lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, always attenuate and acuminate leaves, pubescent ovary and more or less puberulous fruit, especially in the upper third. Actually, C. Killipii has a glabrous capsule, for it bears only a few hairs on the apex, namely the base of the style. In addition it differs from C. elliptic a also by its sessile or subsessile flowers. C. elliptic a and C. guianensis do not always have a dense shaggy ovary as re- ported, but it is at least pubescent in the upper part. It is remarkable that the whole material examined by me reveals the great constancy of the characters described for C. Killipii* Cassipourea calimensis Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor 5 m. alta. Caulis 12 cm. diam. cortice ochraceo ligno luteo duro. Ramuli griseo-badi glabri. Folia grandia coriacea opposita petiolata. Petiolus robustus 6-10 cm. longus puberulus vel glabrescens. Lamina ovato-elliptica elongata vel elliptico-oblonga basi apiceque obtuse attenuata vel apice angus- tata, acutiuscule acuminata, raargine integra et laevis 11-20 cm. longa, 6-9 cm. lata; supra atroviridis laevis glabra nervo medio paulo eminent! lateralibus obsoletis; infra pallidior tenuibus minutis pilis adpressis spars is raunita, costa crassa prominenti rufescenti nervis lateralibus 5-6 utroque latere angulo valde obtuso prominenti cum alliquis minus eminentibus alternantibus, venulis tenuibus laxissime reticulatis. Flores permulti pedicellati fasciculati in tuberculis axillaribus in- serti. Bracteae ovato-ellipticae oblongae dense pubescentes 2 mm. longae. Pedicelli 4-8 mm. longi viridi rubescentes glabri infra apicem articulati articulo snperiore 1 mm. longo conico cum calyce evanes- centi. Calyx campa'nulatus apertus 6 mm. longus extus pa Hide viridis glaber intus dense sericeus lutescens, lobulis plerumque 5 triangulari- bus acutis tubum aequilongis. Petala lineari spathulata longe laciniata pilosa. Stamina nuraerosa (+28) extra discuro verticillata inserta, filamentis filiformibus glabris calycis longitudinem non attingentibus, antheris elliptici-oblongis glabris. Discus crasso membranaceus tubulosus lobulatus glaber circa 1 mm. altus. Receptaculum extra discum ciliatum. Ovarium triloculare loculis biovulatis supra villosum 106 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 parte media et infra glabrum. Stylus dense pubescenti-sericeus 6 mm. longus infra stigma glabrus. Stigma puntiforme papillosum. Type: Colombia, Departamento del Valle. Rio Calima (region del Choco) La Trojita 5-50 m. alt. 1-IIM944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 16625. "Arbolito 5 met. Tallo 12 cm. diam. Corteza ocracea, madera amarilla, dura. Caliz verde palido por fuera, verdoso amarillento por dentro."(F.) Cassipourea calimensis can be distinguished from its closely re- lated species, C. elliptica Poir. and C. peruviana Alston, by its size and the shape of its leaves, glabrous pedicels, abundant flowers, filaments shorter than the calyx and calyx lobes as long as the tube. The flowers are also larger and the upper part of the pedicel is thick, conical and fused with the calyx. Cassipourea floribunda Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbuscula. Cortex pallide griseo-brunneus rugulosus. Ramuli glabri griseo-badi lenticellato-verruculosi. Folia subcoriacea vel coriacea opposita breviter petiolata. Petiolus 2-3 mm. longus basim versus pubescens. Lamina viridis ovata vel ovato-elliptica basi obtusa vel rotundata vel abrupte cuneata apice attenuata acute cuspidata margine integra plana, 5-12 cm. longa 2.5-6.5 cm. lata; supra glabra nervo medio signato nervis secundariis obsoletis; infra pallidior sparsis tenuis pilis adpressis munita, costa eminenti nervis lateralibus ascendentibus marginem versus arcuato-anastomo- satis 4-5 utroque latere magis prominentibus reliquis nervis subobsolete reticulatis. Stipulae lanceolatae 2-3 mm. longae villoso-sericeae deciduae. Flores pedicellati odoratissimi copiosissimi in fasciculis globosis axillaribus dispositi. Bracteolae ovatae obtusiusculae 1-2 mm. longae 1-1.5 mm. latae, pubescentes. Pedicelli teneres rigidi 6-9 mm. longi apicem versus articulati articulo inferiore pubescens superiore glabro. Calyx pallido-luteus extus glaber intus dense villoso-sericeus, 5 mm. longus campanulatus apertus 4-5 lobatus lobis triangularibus acutis patentibus quam calycis tubo longioribus (3 mm. long, lobis, 2 mm. tubo). Petala alba lanceolate 5-6 mm. longa anguste unguiculata limbo copiose laciniato laciniis 2-3 mm. longis longe pilosis. Stamina nume- rosa (circa 20) verticillaja extra discum inserta, filamentis filiformibus glabris calyce brevioriblis, antheris elliptic o-oblongis glabris. Discus crassiusculo-membranaceus denticulatus glaber 0.6-0.7 mm. longus. Ovarium triloculare loculis biovulatis, apicem versus villosus. Stylus sericeus apice glabro excepto. Stigma papillosum. Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Cordillera Occidental: Hoya del rib Digua lado izquierdo: Piedra de Moler, bosques 900-1180 m. alt. 22-VIIM943 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 15011. "Arbolito. Corteza gris sepia clara. Abundantes flores en glomerulos axilares. Caliz amarillo crema. Petalos blancos laciniados. Intense olor a jazmfn." (F.) Cassipourea floribunda is closely related to C. peruviana Alston but differs from that species by its shorter and more ovate (rather than STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS - II 107 lanceolate) leaves, its short petiole, the many-flowered inflorescences, its ovary which is villous only on the upper side, its stamens which are shorter than the calyx and by its calyx lobes which are longer than the tube. COMBRETACEAE Buchenavia pallidovirens Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor magna. Ramuli divaricati pseudo di-tri-chotomi angulato- sympodiales rugulosi grisacei vel griseo-badi extremis infra foliorum insertionem valde incrassatis. Folia alterna crebre in densos fasciculos apicaies glomerata cori- acea minutissime et sparsissime punctata petiolata. Petiolus 7-12 mm. longus rigidus teneris pubescenti-hirsutus. Lamina oblanceolato- elliptica basim versus sensim sensu attenuata apice abrupte breviterque acuminata acuta, margine integra anguste revoluta, 7-10 cm. .longa 18-30 mm. lata; supra pallido-viridis nitida laevis sparse puberula nervo medio tantum prominulo; infra pallido-viridis subnitida sparse puberula costa prominenti pubescenti, 5-6 paribus nervis lateralibus valde ascendentibus eminentibus puberulis, reliquis nervulis prominu- lis minute reticulatis, basi pari glandulis ellipticis elongatis minutis interdum obsoletis munita. Stipulae terminales vel cum foliis inter- mixae lineares subcoriaceae 7-12 mm. longae pubescenti-hirsutae. Inflorescentiae spicatae numerosae ad foliorum fasciculos extra folia ab axillis squamorum bracteorum stipulas isimilium; prodeuntes, pendulae omnino pallide luteolo-virides. Rhachis 9-12 cm. longa tene- ris plus minusve flexuosa hirsutula duobus tertiis superioribus florifera. Bracteae patentes lanceolatae basim versus valde angustatae satis barbatae 2-5 mm. longae. Flores hermaphroditi pentameri numerosi. Ovarium anguste ovatum villoso-hirsutum in brevem collum pubescen- tem attenuatum, 1.8-2 mm. longum. Calyx cupuliformis 2.5 mm. diam. pallide luteolo-viridis extus pubescens margine hirsutulus obsolete 5-lobatus leviter involutus intus reliquus glaber. Stamina 10 bi- verticillata interiora breviora exteriora calycem excedentia, filamento glabro antheris ovato-cordatis bilocularibus profunde 4-sulcatis lutes- centibus glabris. Discus epigynus fundo calycis adnatus longe densis- sime hirsutus. Stylus lineari-fusiformis praeter basim pubescentem glaber. Stigma puntiforme. Fructus ignotus. Type: Colombia, Dep. del Valle. Costa del Pacifico: Bahia de Buenaventura: Quebrada de San Joaqum, 0-10 met. alt. 23-11-1946 col- lect. J. Cuatrecasas 19939. "Arbol grande. Follaje verde claro. Hoja coriacea flexible verde claro brillante en el haz, verde claro semimate enves. Racimos pendulos verdoso amarillentos. Perianto verde ama- rillento claro. Anteras amarillas." (F.) Buchenavia pallidovirens differs from B. viridiflora Ducke by its larger, apiculate leaves which are more attenuate toward the petiole, the more prominent and ascendent secundary nerves and the conspicu- ous smaller veins which are partly depressed in B. viridiflora; the in- 108 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 florescences are larger and the calyx is pubescent and has a densely ciliate margine. It differs also from B» suaveolens (Spruce) Eichl.by the shape of its leaves, its general pubescence and more prominent venation on the lower side of the leaves. A unique character of B. pallidovirens which differentiates if from the great majority of the other species in the genus, is the shape of the leaves, which are narrow toward the base and continue down the peti- ole, the broad apex which is abruptly acute-apiculate and the secundary nerves which branch off the midrib at an acute angle. Buchenavia vaupesana Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor. Ramuli divaricati pseudo di-tri-chotomi-sympodiales cortice ruguloso griseo. Folia juvenilia membranacea ad apicem ramulorum fasciculata peti- olata novellia pallido— viridia. Petiolus 8-15 mm. longus pubescenti- hirsutulus. Lamina obovato lanceolata basim versus attenuata apice modice angustata obtusiuscula, margine integra plana subtus ciliata, 3-6.5 cm. longa 14-17 mm. lata; supra laevis glabra nervo medio tantum prominulo; infra sparsissime puberula nervo medio eminenti pubescenti, secundariis 7-8 utroque latere divergenti-ascendentibus plus minusve puberulis, nervulis adpresse reticulatis, axillis nervorum secundaxiorum penicillis pilorum munita. Folia exteriora fasciculorum in squamas fertiles lanceolatas vel late-lineares obtusas hirsutas 7-17 mm. longas 2-4 mm. latas reducta. laflorescentiae spicato-capitatae rotundatae circa. 1 cm. diam. pedun- culatae. Pedunculus tenuis pubescenti-hirtus 15-20 mm. longus. Rha- chis robustior 4-6 mm. longa hirsutula. Bracteolae hirsutae lanceolatae 1.5-2.5 mm. longae. Calyx cupuliformis 3.5 mm. diam. extus glaber margine leviter revolutus et ciliatus. 10 stamina 2-verticillata filamen- tis robustis glabris connective crasso exterioribus calycem dimidio excedentibus. Discus epigynus dense crispo-hirsutus. Stylus basi incrassatus hirsutus supra glaber acutus brevis (calicem inclusus). Ovarium cylindricum basi paulo incrassatum apicem angustatum villoso- hirsutus 3 mm. longus. Stigma puntiforme. Type: Colombia, Comisarfa del Vaupes: orilla del rio Cuduyarf afluente del Vaupes no lejos de Mitu, +200 met. alt. 15-IX-1939 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 6828. "Arbol; copa plana verde claro, pepa blanda amarilla, comestible." (F.) Buchenavia vaupesana is very close to B. capitata (Vahl) Eichl., a species widely distributed in the Amazon basin. This new species is readily distinguishable by its obovate-lanceolate, triangular-apiculate (rather than rounded) leaves, long petiole, longer flowers and the cili- ate inner edge of the calyx. I checked my specimens with the isotype of B. capitata quoted by Eichler (Gardner 283^) in the Herb, of this Museum. STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS - II 109 Buchenavia stellae Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor. Raomli cortice griseo ruguloso glabro. Folia alterna ad apicem ranaulorum fasciculata, coriacea longe peti- olata. Petiolus robustus pubescens 22-30 mm. longus, parte media conspicue vel obsolete bi-glandulosus. Lamina obovato oblonga basim versus longe cuneato-attenuata apice subrotundata abrupte breviterque cuspidata acuta, margine integra, 13-20 cm. longa, 5-7 cm. lata; supra in sicco rubescens laevis praeter costam tomentulosam glabra nervis secundariis divergentibus 10-11 paribus conspicuis; subtus pallidior sparsissimis minutis pilis munita nervo medio valido dense pubescenti lateralibus elevatis plus minusve pubescentibus reliquis nervulis minus prominulis reticulatis. Flores non visi. Spicae fructiferae numerosae infra foliorum termi- nalem rosulam dispositae breves, rhachi 5-7 cm. longa pubescenti. Drupae sessiles elliptico-oblongae obtusae minutissimis sparsis pilis munita in sicco 14-18 mm. longa 7-8 mm. lata. Type: Colombia, Comisan'a del Caqueta: Florencia, en los cerros La Estrella, 400 m. alt. colect. 30-111-1940 J. Cuatrecasas 8863 (F.) Buchenavia stellae is closely related to B.reticulata (Spruce) Eichl., but the plant of Spruce has thicker, lanceolate leaves which are tomen- tose on the lower side, a very short petiole, and acutely ascendent nerves. The fruits of B. r e tic u, lata (Spruce 3453) are long, acute and densely tomentose. B. macrophylla is readily distinguished by its rather inconspicuous, reticulate, big leaves, very short petioles, and larger inflorescences. SYMPLOCACEAE Symplocos gibraltarica Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor grandis. Caulis 30 cm. diara. cortice griseo ruguloso sectione pallido-ferrugineo, ligno lutescenti-albo. Kami cinereo-grisei, termina- tionibus foliosis virido-ochraceis vel virido-ferruglneis hirsutis. Folia simplicia alterna disticha subcoriacea. Petiolus robustus erectus 3-5 mm. longus dense hirsutus. Lamina elliptico-lanceolata basi plus minusve asymmetrica obtuse cuneata apice angustata acutis- sime acuminata, margine integerrima, 10-13 cm. Jonga, 2.5-4.5 cm. lata; supra obscure lutescenti-viridis hirsuta costa depressa dense tomen- toso-hirsuta tantum notata, reliquis nervis vix conspicuis; subtus pallidior hirsuta costa valde eminenti et dense virido-ferrugineo hirsuta nervis secundariis 10-11 utroque latere angulo obtuso, linealibus con- spicuis, circa marginem arcuato-anastomosatis, venulis obsoletis laxe reticulatis. Inflorescentiae axillares racemosae pauciflores (3-6 fl.) congestae breviter pedunculatae, pedunculo crasso rigido hirsute 2-8 mm. longo. Flores sessiles vel subsessiles. Bracteae ovatae 3-5 calyculiformis dispositae deciduae 4-6 mm. long., 4 mm. latae exterior usque 8-10 110 FffiLDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 mm. longae dense hirsutae in sicco ferrugineae. Calyx pentaraerus 6 mm. altus lobis ovatis obtusiusculis 4 mm. longis 3.5 j ;m. latis intus glaber, extus valde hirsutus ochraceo-viridulus in sicco ferrugineus. Corolla 15 mm. longa 5 petalis tertia parte inferiore connatis, lilacinis elliptico-oblongis obtusis intus glabris extus praeter marginem dense villosis. Stamina infinita pluriseriata monadelpha filamentis glabris in longum tubum album vel roseo-album connatis cum corolla coalita tubo 12-13 mm. long, parte libera filamentis spathulatis exterioribus 2-3 mm. longis interioribus subnullis, connective capillari. Antherae parvae subrotundatae luteolae. Ovarium inferum supra longe denseque hirsu- tum 5-4 loculare. Stylus inferiore parte hirsutulus. Stigma capitatum 5 lobatum papillosum. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle: Cordillera Occidental al N. de Las Brisas (entre Cartago y Alban); Gibraltar, bosque 2100-2200 m. alt., 25- V- 1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 22524. "Caliz verdoso ocraceo. Corola lila. Androceo bianco o bianco rosado. Arbol grande. Tallo 30 cm. diam. Corteza gris rugoso agrietada, seccion sepia clara. Madera bianco amarillenta. Hoja subcoriacea, verde amarillenta, semi- oscura haz, mas clara enves." (F.) Symplocos gibraltarica is easy to distinguish because of the size and shape of its leaves, the conspicuous hairiness of its leaves and young branchlets, the rather large flowers, very hirsute calyx, lilac- colored corolla and the long tube of its androeceum, hirsute gynoecium and 3 or 5-septate ovary. It belongs to the subsection C ip on ima strum Brand and is most closely related to S. aspera Brand which has shorter, broader, and serrate leaves. This species has been reported from an unidentifiable locality. Symplocos pichindensis Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor mediocria. Caulis 25 cm. diam. cortice sublaevi griseo tenui ligno ochraceo-albido subduro. Ramuli brunnei terminales ochraceo- v hides valde hirsuti. Folia simplicia alterna coriacea. Petiolus 2-5 mm. longus dense hirsutus. Lamina elliptico-lanceolata basi inaequalis parum attenuata obtusa apice angustata acuta, margine parce revoluta, integra vel minu- tissimis sparsis dentis callosis munita, 6-10 cm. longa 2-4 cm. lata; supra rugulosa atroviridis nitida glabra excepto costa depressa et pubescens, nervis secundariis filiformibus depresso-notatis nervulis conspicue reticulatis; subtus pallido-viridis pubescenti-hirsuta costa eminentl dense hirsuta, nervis lateralibus 6-7 utroque latere prominenti- bus ascendentibus marginem versus obsolete anastomosantibus, reli- quis nervis laxe reticulatis vix conspicuis. Inflorescentiae axillares pauciflorae racemosae valde congestae ramulis brevissimis floribus (3-10) sessilibus. Bracteae numerosae illem florem 3-4 involucrantes ovatae vel subrotundatae concavae amp- lectentes membranaceae dense pubescenti-hirsutae 2-3 mm. longae. Calyx pentamerus ochraceo-pallido— viridis in sicco ochraceo-cine- reus, 3-3-5 mm. longus sepalis infra partem mediam coalitis longe STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS - II 111 denseque hirsutus lobulis ovatis obtusis vel subrotundatis. Corolla alba 4 mm. longa glabra 5 petalis infra mediam coalitis ellipticis obtu- sis. Stamina numerosa 3-seriata corolla breviora filamentis glabris monadelphis in tubum usque supra partem mediam connatis et cum corolla coalitis. Antherae suborbiculares parvae luteolae. Ovarium infenun supra valde hirsutum triloculare. Stylus glaber. Stigma crasso trilobato-capitatum pappillosum. Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle; Cordillera Occidental: Hoya del no Cali lado derecho de la hoya del rfo Pichinde, cuehilla de Los Carpa- tos, 2250-2350 m. alt., 24-V-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21662. "Arbol 10 met. alt. Tallo 25 cm. diam. Hoja coriacea, rfgida, verde rugoso oscura brillante haz, verde claro enves. Corola blanca." (F.) Symplocos pichindensis belongs to subsection Pseudolatonia Brand and differs from other closely related species by its short corolla, its compact inflorescence, glabrous corolla and stamens and by its hirsute branchlets, petioles, bracts, calyx and the lower side of its leaves. This species, the same as S. gibraltarica, is very different from other species of Symplocos reported from Colombia. Symplocos venulosa Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor. Kami brunnei terminales fusci glabri. Folia simplicia alterna rigide coriacea glaberrima. Petiolus robustus 2-4 mm. long. Lamina elliptica vel ovato-elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga basi rotundata vel obtuse attenuata apice obtusa vel rotundata vel parum attenuata margine dimidio superiore obsolete c re nato-s errata infra medium Integra , 3-5.5 cm. longa x 2-3 cm. lata; supra atroviridis nervo medio impresso nervis lateralibus 7-8 paribus ascendentibus capillaribus et cum reliquis numerosis nervulis gracilem minutum eleva- tum reticulum formantibus; subtus pallida costa crassa elevata, nervis secundaribus parce elevatis vel obsoletis nervulis inmersis incon- spicuis. Inflorescentiae axillares valde reductae, 1-3 floribus subsessiles, pedunculo usque ad 4 mm. longo glabro. Bracteae 3 involucrantes suborbiculares glabrae margine ciliolatae 2-3 mm. Calyx 2 mm. altus glaber sepalis infra medium connatis, parte libera orbicularibus margine leviter ciliatis. Corolla roseo-violacea 8 mm. longa, 5 petalis ellipticis basim versus coalitis glabris. Stamina nume- rosa pluriseriata monadelpha alba corolla paulo breviora filamentis planis glabris in tubum longum connatis, parte libera brevis. Ovarium inferum triloculare supra longe hirsutum. Stylus glaber. Stigma trilo- batum. Type: Colombia, Dep. Hufla; Cordillera Oriental, entre Gabinete y Andalucfa, 2300-2200 m. alt. 24-111-1940 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 8579. "Arboi. Corola rosado violacea. Andro ceo bianco." (F.) Symplocos venulosa belongs to subsection P seudoalstoma Brand and is closely related to S. suave olens Klotzsch and S. rigidissima Brand. From the first one it is different because of its short pedicels, 112 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27 glabrous calyx and style. It differs from the second one by its truly pedunculate inflorescences and hirsute ovary. But the outstanding diagnostic character of S. venulosa is represented by its rigid, cori- aceous leaves with their delicate but prominent venation on the upper side and their flat lower side. Symplocos sararensis Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor. Ramuli grisei terminales viriduli glabri. Folia simplicia alterna subcoriacea glaberrima. Petiolus 3-8 mm. longus supra sulcatus. Lamina lanceolata basi attenuata cuneata apice angustata acuta vel obtusiuscula, margine integra vel obsolete crenu- lato dentata, 6-9 cm. longa x 1.8-3.5 cm. lata; supra viridis nervo medio impresso, lateralibus etnervulis filiformibus elevatis in minutum reticu- lum anascomosantibus; subtus pallidior costa valde prominent!, nervis secundariis valde tenuis cum reliquis nervulis in prominulum reticulum anastomosatis. Inflorescentiae pauciflores vel solitariae (1-4 flores) breviter pedun- culatae, pedunculo glabro usque 6 mm. longo (in statu fructifero). Brac- teae orbiculares 2-3 mm. latae glabrae, margine parcissime ciliatae. Flores desiderati. Fructus ellipticus 6.5 mm. long., \ mm. lat. Type: Colombia, Dep. Norte de Santander, region El Sarare, Que- brada del Sararito, 1930-1950 m. alt., 22-X-1941 colect. J. Cuatrecasas, R. Evans Schultes & E. Smith 12580 (F.). Symplocos sararensis is characterized by the structure of the leaf, which is sub-coriaceous, flexible and delicately yet prominently reticu- late on both sides. Undoubtedly it is closely related to S. corymbo- c lad os Brand but the exact affinity of the species cannot be established as flowers are lacking in the material at hand. But the characteristic leaves and the presence of the fruit enable us to distinguish this Symplocos from all other known species. STYRACACEAE Sty rax lepUctinosus Cuatr., sp. nov. Arbor. Ramuli brunnel terminationibus adpresse cinereo-stellato- lepidotis. Folia coriacea alterna petiolata. Petiolus 10-13 mm. longus striolu- latus plus minusve stellato-lepidotus. Lamina lanceolata basim versus angustata cuneata apice attenuata acuta vel acuminata margine integra leviter revoluta, 11-15 cm. longa 2.5-5 cm. lata, supra viridis glabra costa impressa nervis secundariis bene notatis, reliquis nervulis in laxo reticulo conspicuo; infra cinerea densissime adpresseque tomen- tella pilis stellatis minutissimis valde tenuibus intricatisque munita sed nervis glabris, costa prominenti nervis secundariis 6-7 utroque latere prominentibus axillis callosis marginera versus anastomosantibus nervis tertiariis reticulatis emergentibus etiam glabris. STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS - II 113 Inflorescentiae racemosae 5-6 cm. longae axillares, rhachi dense lepidoto-cinerei. Bracteae lanceolatae vel lineares adpresse stellato- lepidotae 2-3 mm. longae. Pedicelli patentes lepidoti 1 cm. longi. Calyx cupuliformis margine truncatus minutissime 5-dentatus viridi- cinereis minutissimis squamis stellatis adpressis obtectus et sparsis squamis etiam stellatis majpribus munitus. Corola albo rosea 5-lobis in aestivatione valvatis, tubo 3 mm. longo, lobis late linearibus 12-14 mm. longis 2-3 mm. latis extus adpresse stellato-pilosa intus glabrius- cula. Stamina 10 filamentis steliato-pilosis extremis glabris. Anterae lutescentes margine pilis stellatis seriatis munitae. Ovarium triloba- tum dense stellato-tomentellum. Stylus elongatus glaber. Stigma indistinctum. Type: Colombia, Dep. Norte de Santander, region del Sarare: entre Alto del Loro y Alto de Santa Ines, bosques 1800-2300 m. alt. 20-X- 1941 J. Cuatrecasas, R. E. Schultes & E. Smith 12457. "Arbol. Corola bianco rosada. Anteras amarillentas." (F.) Styrax leptactinosus is closely related to S, bogotensis and to S. hypargyreus Perk. From these it can be distinguished by the form, size and indument of the leaf. This is longer, lanceolate, narrowly cunei- form at the base, on the under side covered with a dense toment of stellate hairs which have very soft, long interwoven radii requiring considerable enlargement for distinguishing their radiate form; the main nerves and most prominent part of the reticulum are glabrous. Publication 643 30112041645018