*^

^^^#_ z>. L bi b Clofk^

CONTRIBUTIONS

TO THE

NATURAL HISTORY

OF THE

LEPIDOPTERA

OF

NORTH AMERICA

VOL. IV

No. 1

A REVISION OF THE GENUS
HYDRIOMENA HBN.

BY

WILLIAM BARNES. S. B., M. D.

AND

J. H. McDUNNOUGH, Ph. D.

DECATUR, ILL.

THE REVIEW PRESS

MAY Zi. 1917

Published

Under the Patronage

of

Miss Jessie D, Gillett

Elkhart. 111.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO
VOLUME III

Page 18. Phvtometra curvata B. & McD.

Sir George Hampson lias called our attention to the fact that this
name is probably a synonym of Antarcliaea obliqualis Dyar described
from Mexico (1912, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 42, p. 80) ; we agree with
this, but see no reason to change the generic reference, Pliytomctra
Haw. in any case having priority over Antarcliaea Hbn. if the respec-
tive types of the two genera should prove congeneric.

Page 98. Chlosvne lacinia Geyer.

Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell has called our attention to a valuable
article by W. II. Etlwards on this species in Can. Ent. 1893, p. 286,
which we hatl ovcrloolved entirely. In this article Edwards first pro-
looses the names nigresccns and rufescens which should therefore be
credited to him and not to Wright as we have done. It would also
seem from the article that in New Me.xico we have a meeting-point
of the Texan race adjutrix and the Arizona race crocalc, a single brood
of larvae producing both forms ; this would appear to be a parallel
case to that of BasUarchia astyaiiax and B. arthemis which show all
manner of curious intergrades along the border line where the two
forms overlap, I'ic, Catskill Mts. and northern New York State.

Page 103. line 1— Read RIODINIDAE
Page 119. LvcAENA pardalis Behr.

Our statement that the $ genitalia resemble those of the arion
group of blues and that in consequence the species should be referred
to the genus Lycacna is quite erroneous. At the time we had only a
single i specimen which we merely examined under the binocular;
the receipt recently of further specimens made it possible for us to
remove the abdomen of this same specimen and prepare a microscopic
slide of the genitalia ; to our surprise we found them practically ident-
ical with those of icarioidcs and we can only ascribe our former serious
error to a distortion of the genitalia in the dried specimen. Pardalis
should therefore be removed from the genus Lycaena as it stands in

our New Check List and placed next to icarioidcs in the genus Plcbcius
L. ; it is possibly a lowland race of this species characterized by brown
ground color and heavy spotting on the underside and it is quite within
the bounds of probability that maricof^a Reak. will, after all, take
precedence over the name pardalis as the large black spots are distinctly
mentioned in the original description. Our San Francisco collectors
should be able to solve this problem and discover whether the $ "s
ever show any traces of blue or are constantly dark brown.

Page 128, line 28 — Omit and insert:

claims to have a type 6 from \'ancouvcr Is. but as the species was

Page 161. Epipsilia okakensis Pack.

We were incorrect in stating that ohakensis falls to ciiicira Staud. ;
Sir Geo. Hampson has called our attention to the fact that while
cincrea was diagnosed in 1861 (Stett. Ent. Zeitsch. p. 369) it was not
until 1871 (Cat. Pal. Lep. p. 114) that the name cincrea was actually
given to the Labrador form and that therefore okakensis Pack, has
several years priority.

Page 164. Homohadena inconstans Grt.

Our statement that Grote originally referred this species to
Oncocnemis was erroneous; it was described as a Homohadena (Can.
Ent. XV, 28). This will not, however, aiJect the statements made in
the remainder of our note.

Page 172. Acidalia persimili.s Hist.

On reviewing Packard's description of quadrilineata with a view
to determining a White Mt. species captured by ourselves in 1916 at
Bretton Woods, N. H., we were struck by the fact that the description
did not tally well with the specimen we had recently compared with
the type in the Cambridge Museum Collection and on the strength of
which we had made pcrsimilis Hist, a synonym ; this was particularly
the case with regard to the underside which calls for a 'dark scalloped
line common to both wings and situated half-way between the discal
dot and outer edge.' We wrote Mr. Swett on the subject and he was
kind enough to examine the types ; he wrote us that of the original type
series only 1 $ from Orono, Me., and 1 $ from Brunswick, Me.,
remain in the Packard Collection and that these represent two species,
the former showing the irregular dark s. t. line on the underside, the

latter having the line straight and corresponding to Hulst's persimilis
concerning the identity of which the original description leaves no doubt
(C. Ent. XXX, 158). We had evidently compared a specimen with
the Brunswick. Me., type but in view of Packard's statement in the
original description we feel that the type must be restricted to the
Orono, Me., specimen, the name persimilis Hist, becoming valid for
the other species, distinguished by its less angled secondaries and non-
scalloped s. t. line, the cross-lines also being considerably more ochreous
in this latter species than in quadrilineata; Packard's figure in the
Monograph (PI. X, Fig. 64) bears more resemblance to this latter
species than to the true quadrilineata. We are now confronted with
the problem as to which of these two species is represented by Walker's
junctariu which we have already referred to this group (Cont. Ill, (1 )
p. 41 ) ; the description of the type V is very brief, but we would note
that Walker uses the term 'testaceous' as applied to the cross-lines and
as he uses the same term in his description of similaria which we have
referred to crythemaria Gn. (Cont. Ill, (1) p. 36) we get a fairly clear
conception of his idea of this color; it would seem that the 9 of
persimilis Hist, would match the description far better in this respect
than the 9 of quadrilineata for which Walker would probably have
used the term "fuscous' as applied to the lines; we believe therefore
that the correct usage will be to apply juitctaria Wlk., with persimilis
Hist, as a synonym, to the one species, using quadrilineata Pack, for the
other ; corresponding changes should be made in our New Check List.

Page 296. The localities for Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 should be interchanged.

A REVISION OF THE GENUS HYDRIOMENA
BASED ON THE MALE GENITALIA

Mr. L. W. Swctt in liis notes on this genus (1911, C. Ent. 43, p. 7i;
1912, C. Ent. 44, p. 225 ; 1915, C. Ent. 47, pp. 9, 58) has clone valuable
work in separating our North American species, his subdivisions into
short, moderate and long palpal groups being a distinct advance over
anything heretofore attempted in the classificatory line ; personally we
have never favored his color-pattern scheme, it has seemed to us too
artificial and we have always had the feeling that a number of his
so-called forms might, on further study, prove to be good races or even
species, a theory which has been amply borne out by our studies. It
is greatly to be regretted that Mr. Swett's work was, as he himself
states, more or less unfinished; his inability to examine and compare
the i genitalia of the various species involved has, we fear, led him
into several rather serious errors which we feel sure would have been
eliminated if he had had the opportunity to work out the structural
details of the genital organs.

We recently had occasion to examine the genitalia of a number of
species in this group and the results were so startling that we decided
to extend our investigations to all the species contained in the genus ;
we were primarily struck by the excellent means of separation afforded
by the shape of the Uncus which is all the more important as, generally
speaking, this portion of the genitalia may be examined under a strong
lens or binocular by simply removing a few hairs with a fine brush
from the dorsal portion of the anal segment ; the necessity for breaking
off any portion of the abdomen and the consequent mutilation of choice
specimens to establish their identity is thus obviated and. while not
always conclusive, the general results obtained by such an examination
are eminently satisfactory, especially if taken in conjunction with the
palpal length of the species in question.

In the following notes we give the result of our investigations, and
would take this occasion to extend our thanks to Mr. Swett for his
hearty co-operation. We are also greatly indebted to the authorities of
the American Museum of Natural History for the loan of their entire
material in this genus which, containing as it does several hundred

specimens from the Hy. Edwards, Grossbeck and Pearsall Collections,
has proved of enormous value to us in determining the status of obscure
forms.

We might note that we have found it extremely difficult to accur-
ately identify some of the older names, notably those of Packard, on
account of the types being almost invariably $ 's and furnished with
very inadequate locality labels ; this, combined with the fact that several
species which show an extraordinary difference in the shape of the S
Uncus, are superficially extremely alike, renders this group one of the
most perplexing among the Nortli American Geometridac.

We retain the palpal subdivisions as proposed by Mr. Swett and
consequently in the main his sequence of species ; we illustrate our con-
ception of each species by a half-tone figure of the insect in question
as well as of the S genitalia ; in instances where it has been impossible
to make a slide we add a text-figure of the Uncus as viewed from above
under a binocular microscope ; we have found the shape of the Uncus
remarkably constant in all species where long series have rendered it
possible for us to make slides of several specimens as well as to examine
the Uncus under the binocular ; some slight variation is naturally pres-
ent which we shall comment on under the various specific heads, but
wherever we have found a marked difference we believe the above
grounds justify us in treating it as of specific value.

I. Short Palpi Group.

HvDRiOMENA FURCAT.\ Thun. (PI. I, Figs. 1-6; PI. VII, Fig. 1).

An excellent figure of the genitalia of this European species is
given by Mr. Pierce in 'The Genitalia of the British Geometridae,' PI.
43 ; we have made slides of European specimens and of numerous
specimens from various North American localities and find them
practically identical ; there is considerable variation in the length of
the lateral apical points, but this is more apparent than real as these
points show a tendency to curl up. The species extends along tiie
Pacific Coast from Alaska through British Columbia, where it is com-
mon, (Vancouver Island, Kaslo, Arrowhead Lake) down the Sierra
Nevada range into Central California (Siskiyou Co., Alameda Co.) ;
it also extends down the Rockies into Colorado (Calgary, Alta. ;
Banff, Alta.; South Park, Colo.) and we even have single specimens
from the White Mts., Arizona and Provo, Utah. The furthest point

8

eastward from which we have received specimens is Hymers, Out..
north of Lake Superior, but we should not be surprised if it were
found through Northern Quebec and Labrador. As in Europe the
species appears to be single brooded, occuring generally in July and
August, although some of our Vancouver Is. material (doubtless due
to the early spring) was captured in late June; a partial second brood
occurs in some of the southern localities (Alameda Co., Calif.) in
October; we have received small specimens from Mission San Jose,
bred from larvae on willow, emerging in late October.

The North American specimens before us show either a decided
reddish or else a smoky tinge ; some are strongly and clearly marked
as in fuscoundata Don. {vide Seitz, Palaearct. Geom. IV, PI. 10 k),
others are much suffused (obscura Peyer) ; we have seen no entirely
green specimens corresponding to sordidata Fabr. although a few
specimens from Vancouver Is. show a slight greenish tint mixed with
the red. The American varieties listed by Mr. Swett under furcata
(C. Ent. 43, p. 82) must, we believe, with the exception of pcficlata
Swett be removed from this association and treated (at least partially)
as good species. With regard to periclata Mr. Swett has examined
the type specimen and informs us that the uncus is broken off but
that the basal portion is rather narrow and suggests that of furcata ;
it is evidently one of the suffused forms belonging to the partial sec-
ond generation to which we have already referred.

We figure several of the marked varieties of furcata for which
we believe European names will for the present suffice ; distinguishing
characteristics may be found in the fourth (postmedian) dark band
of primaries which is practically perpendicular to inner margin from
vein 6, becoming attenuated to a mere line below vein 3 and generally
distinctly crenulate on its outer edge in costal portion; the fifth dark
band (subterminal) is well-removed from outer margin and strongly
crenulate on outer edge ; the pale spot often present in this band is
situated between veins 3 and 4 and is large, diffuse and not sliarply
defined.

Hydriomen.\ quinouefasciata Pack. (PI. I, Figs. 7-9; PI. VI, Figs.

10-11; PI. VII, Fig. 2)

Among the slides we made of the preceding species we were sur-
prised to find a type of Uncus differing considerably from that of fur-
cata; the basal portion was much broader and the central apical area.

9

instead of being strongly concave, was convex with the lateral points
much less sharp than in furcata. We were able to separate out a
series of nine specimens in the Barnes Collection, using this feature in
the S 's as the distinguishing character ; of these seven were from
X'ictoria. B. C. or its vicinity, one S was from Verdi, Neva-
da and one 9 from Plumas Co., Calif. ; there were also five
specimens in the American Museum material, all from the Hy.
Edwards Collection and bearing the simple label 'California" with the
exception of one ? from Summit, Sierra Nevada Mts. The general
type of maculation of these specimens agrees so closely with that of
furcata that it is very difficult to point to any one distinguishing char-
acteristic except that of color; in all the specimens before us the pale
areas are more or less strongly sprinkled with green, and at times
heavily tinged in the median band with ruddy, some of the specimens
approaching much more closely the European sordidata Fabr. than any
of our N. American forms of furcata; with regard to the macula-
tion the fourth dark band (postmedian) seems broader above the inner
margin than is usually found in furcata; it also shows a slight inward
angle on vein 3 and above this is less evenly crenulate ; the submarginal
band is in general slightly closer to the outer margin than in furcata;
these points, however, may not be constant and too great stress cannot
be laid on them. We sent specimens of this species to Mr. Swett
along with typical furcata (according to genitalia) and asked him to
examine Packard's types of quinqucfasciata and viridata in the Cam-
bridge Museum and see whether these names might be applicable to this
new form ; unfortunately both of Packard's types are 2 's so that it
is impossible to determine anything from the genitalia; however. Mr.
Swett, after careful comparison, has written us that, although not abso-
lutely identical, our species is considerably closer to the types than is
typical furcata; he has also sent us a S specimen from Guerneville,
Calif., for examination which he considers to be viridata and the Uncus
undoubtedly agrees with that of our form ; this would correspond to
our own comparisons, made however, at a time when we had not real-
ized that there were two closely allied species. Packard's types of
both species came from California (possibly the vicinity of San Fran-
cisco as they were collected by Mr. Behrens) and until material from
this locality is available which can be exactly matched with the types
there will always be an element of doubt as to the status of quinquc-
fasciata; for the present we think it advisable to associate both the

10

names quinquefasciata and viridata with this species; viridaia is ahnost
certainly correctly applied and if it be found that the former name
should be transferred to fiircata will then be the proper one to use for
this species. Through the kindness of Mr. S. Henshaw of the Cam-
bridge Museum we have received photographs of the types of these two
species which we publish on Plate \l Figs. 10, 11 ; the name qmiiquc-
fasciata we apply to the form with rather clear well-defined bands com-
parable to the form fuscoundata of fiircata; ziiidata is greener and
much more suffused and indistinct in maculation and without the ruddy
shades of the former form.

Hydriomena ai.bifasciat.\ Pack. (PI. I, Figs. 10-15; PI. VU, Figs.

3-4).

Even a casual glance at the Uncus of this species shows that it
has nothing whatever to do with fuicata as listed by Mr. Swett; in
common with rcflata Grt. and cochizcata Swett it has a conical Uncus
with narrow truncate apex ; the latter form shows distinctions in tlie
penis armature from albifasciata and is therefore a distinct species, but
the former is practically identical in genitalia and we consider that the
name reflate can only be used in a varietal sense for the Arizona race of
a species which on account of the law of priority must bear the name
albifasciata Pack, although evidently the nimotypical form is an aber-
rant one.

The species is easily separable from fiircata by the form of the
postmedian band which is narrow, sharply angled inwardly at the cell
and then bulging outwardly; Mr. Swett is mistaken in stating (C. Ent.
XLIII, 78) that this cone-shaped projection (as he calls it) is not
found in albifasciata, for Packard's figure of the type distinctly shows
it ; the pale patch in the subterminal band is smaller, whiter and is sit-
uated between veins 4 and 5 (not veins 3 and 4 as in fiircata) with
frequently a short tail crossing into the space between veins 3 and 4.
As already stated the nimotypical form with white median band as
figured by Packard (Monog. PI. VIII, Fig. 34) is rare; reseda Swett
is clearly referable to this species and represents a form suffused with
ruddy; in his description Mr. Swett mentions particularly the white
tailed spot in the subterminal band; the early date of capture (Feb.)
also points to this species. We have before us a form from Sonoma
and Alameda Cos., Calif., which appears to be much more of tlie normal
form in California than any of those forms to which names have

11

already been applied ; it is dull olive green, heavily suffused with smoky,
the maculation being more or less lost in the dark shading, the median
area is as dark as the rest of the wing, the veins in the subterminal
area are tinged with ruddy and the white subterminal spot with tail is
quite distinct ; the average expanse is between 28 and 31 mm. ; we pro-
pose for this name puncticaudata our types being 3 <i 's froni
Oakland, Calif., and Eldridge, Sonoma Co., Calif., (Feb.) and 2 9 's
from Eldridge, Sonoma Co., Calif., and Alma, S. Clara Co., Calif.

There is still another race foimd on Vancouver Island in early
spring which is much larger and more clearly marked than pitncticaii-
data, of the same size as reflata with practically identical maculation,
differing however in having the ground color a dull green (instead of
gray) with slight rosy sprinklings along the veins ; we propose the name
VICTORIA for this race, our types being 3 S 's from Victoria, B. C.
(Mar. 20) (Apr. 19 and 29) and 2 9 's from the same locality cap-
tured on April 12.

Typical reflata (syn. abacta Hist.) (PI. I, Figs. 13, 14) is a large
dark gray form with well defined purple brown bands and the median
area sprinkled with brown ; specimens occur corresponding to albifas-
ciata (with prominent white median band) and to reseda (suffused
with ruddy) but we do not believe names are necessary for these
forms ; we have seen no greenish specimens of this race. The Uncus
(PI. VII, Fig. 4) is rather stumpier with shorter apical section than
in albifasciata but as the remainder of the genital organs are similar
we regard the variation as varietal, not specific.

As far as can be judged from the material before us the species
occurs in the earliest days of spring, probably hibernating as a pupa,
a fact which in itself would show a specific distinctness from f areata;
we have no record of a second generation.

HVDRIOMENA CGCHIZEATA Swett. (PI. II, Figs. 1-3; PI. VII, Fig. 5).

Air. Swett kindly sent us photographs of the two S types of this
species which confirmed our own identification ; the species is appar-
ently rather local as both the types and a long series in the Barnes Col-
lection were taken at Palmerlee, Arizona, the latter during the month
of February; five specimens in the Grossbeck Collection, originally
from Dr. Barnes, are labelled Redington, Ariz. (Jan., Feb.)

The Uncus is very similar in shape to that of reflata; the best point
of distinction in the genitalia is found in the armature of the Aedoeagus

12

which in reflata has a single stout central spine terminally whilst
in cochiaeata we find three strong spines, two lateral and one central.

The species is generally rather suffused in maculation but in speci-
mens where the postmedian band is clear it is very characteristic, being
strongly dentate below costa with two large teeth above veins 2 and 3;
we find the same range of variation as is found in albifasciafo—
suffused smoky forms, suffused greenish forms, reddish forms and
white-banded forms, one of the original types belonging to this latter
form ; we would restrict the name to the type with smoky gray suffusion
over the wing and for the rather rare white-banded form, correspond-
ing to nimotypical albifasciata, we propose the name swetti in honor of
Mr. Swell who has named so many forms in this variable group ; our
types are two 5 's from Palmerlee, Ariz.

HvDRiOMENA NUBILOFASCIATA Pack. (PI. II, Figs. 4-8; PI. VII,

Fig. 6).

We have nothing to adil to Mr. Swell's comments on this species
except to present a figure of the Uncus which is rather intermediate
in shape between the fnrcaia and the albifasciata groups ; as Mr. Swell
points out one of the characteristic features of the species is the dark
terminal band ; the various color forms have been fully treated by Mr.
Swell in his notes (C. Ent. 43, p. 79) ; we figure a few of the most
striking forms on Plate 11, Figs. 4-8.

Bamvahrata Stkr. may possibly be a synonym of this species ; we
have not had the opportunity to examine the type recently, which is
in very rubbed condition, but our notes would indicate that it would
fall here.

The species flies in early spring; our California specimens from
Sonoma and S. Diego Co. are dated February and March; we liave
the species also from Salem, Ore. (Mar.) and Palmerlee, Ariz.
(April) ; Mr. Swett records it from British Columbia.

Hydriomena manzanita Taylor. (PI. II, Figs. 10, 11; PI. \TII,

Fig. 1).

The shape of the Uncus shows a close relationship to the preced-
ing species, which is further borne out by the dark terminal band found
in both manzanita and iiiibilofasciata; however, in the former species
this is not prominent owing to the general dark color. We only possess

13

the species from British CoUinibia but there is a specimen in the Gross-
beck Collection taken in the Santa Cruz Mts. Calif, in March. Appar-
ently it only flies in early spring.

With this species we end those members of the short palpi group
in which the Uncus is simple and more or less broad at the apex ; the
remaining species in the group show a bifurcate Uncus and lead over
into the moderate palpi group in which the bifurcation of the Uncus is
carried to a still greater degree. In this present subdivision are several
apparently undescribed forms with long narrow neck to the Uncus and
with each fork narrow and straight, forming together a broad Y shaped
opening ; we commence with the description of these species.

Hydriomena TUOLUMNE sp. nov. (PI. II, Figs. 13, 14; PI. VIII,

Fig. 2).

Palpi very short; primaries light gray sprinkled with smoky and shaded
with ruddy brown ; basal space rather clear gray bordered outwardly by a dark,
very oblique subbasal line extending from costa near base to jnst before middle
of inner margin, either rigidly oblique or with a very slight incurve below cell;
between this subbasal line and the antemedian line is a broad space shaded
strongly with ruddy brown and crossed centrally by an oblique, broad, dark band
forming slight outward angles in cell and submedian fold; the inner margin of
this antemedian space is shaded with black ; antemedian line narrow, wavy, dark,
slightly less oblique than subbasal line, angled in the submedian fold; median
space pale whitish with a slight ruddy tinge and narrow discal streak, edged
outwardly by a dark postmedian line which is strongly angled inwardly in cell,
bent backward between vein 4 and subtnedian fold narrowing the median space
considerably and tending to connect with antemedian line at this point, then
parallel to same to inner margin at outer angle ; subterminal space shaded with
ruddy brown and bordered outwardly with a broad curved purplish-black s. t.
band, narrowing toward inner margin with straight outer edge; a dark apical
dash below which are two parallel dark streaks, the lower extending from outer
edge of s. t. band to postmedian line ; terminal area pale with veins bordered on
each side by short dark streaks. Secondaries pale smoky with traces of a discal
dot and curved postmedian line showing through from under side. Beneath pale
smoky, secondaries with discal dot and line better defined. Expanse 28-30 mm.

Habitat: Tuolumne Meadows, Tuolumne Co., Calif. (Aug. 8-15) (6000
ft.); So. Fork, S. Bernardino Mts., CaHf. (Grinnell). 3 <J , 6 9. Types,
Coll. Barnes.

This species is apparently confined to liigh altitudes of the Sierras ;
besides the type series we have a single 9 from the Lake Tahoe dis-

14

trict. Our specimens are mostly rather worn but the maculation is
readily tlistinguishable. The ruddy suffusion is quite characteristic
and very constant; with the exception of the second (antemedian) and
fifth ( submarginal ) the bands of the preceding group are reduced to
lines and the maculation is very clean cut.

Hydriomena exculpata sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Figs. 1-3; PI. VIII.
Fig. 3.)

Palpi rather longer than in the preceding species, especially in the 9 sex ;
type of maculation essentially the same but wing expanse considerably greater ;
the subbasal line is heavy, black, oblique, often slightly rounded below costa ;
basal area pale gray, the space between the subbasal and antemedian lines is usu-
ally of a deep rich brown, showing only faint traces of a smoky waved ante-
median band ; this brown color spreads over into the central portion of the pale
median space, at times very markedly (typical form); in other specimens the
brown color is greatly reduced being coniined to the margins of the cross-lines,
the whole wing appearing grayish ; the subterminal and terminal areas are
strongly suffused with brown; secondaries rather dark brownish with dark discal
dot and angled postmedian line. Expanse 30-34 mm.

Habitat: Ketchikan, Alaska (May-July) 5 S, S 9. Types. Coll.
Barnes.

Our types are all of the brown-banded form and were received
through the kindness of Messrs. A. N. Avinoff and B. Preston Clark;
for the gray form from the same locality we propose the name tribu-
lata; a few specimens (mostly 9's) from Kaslo, B. C, Crater
Lake, Oregon and Silverton, Colo, we cannot separate from these gray
Alaskan specimens ; it would seem as if the species extended down the
Coast Range and Rocky Mts. for a considerable distance but series of
both sexes from the southern localities will be necessary before decid-
ing this point.

The shape of the Uncus is very similar to that of the preceding
species of which we would have considered it a race were it not for
the fact that e.rcitlf>ata shows a distinct lateral tubercle or ridge at the
base of the neck which is also rather broader than in tiiohimne. The
dates of capture on our species would seem to indicate a single genera-
tion extending over a considerable period of the summer.

15

IIVDRIOMENA HENSUAVVI Swett. (PI. II, Fig. 9; PI. \'l, Fig. 12.)

The species was unknown to us except for a photograph of the

type from Nevada received through the kindness of Mr. S. Henshaw

of the Cambridge Museum of Comp. Anatomy ; in the material sent by

the American Museum, however, we found

five specimens which we think are without

much doubt this species; one S from the

Sierra Nevadas. Calif, ex Hy. Edwards Coll.

is very close to the figure of type before us ;

1 (J and 1 9 from Estes Park, Colo. (June

''"'■ ' 11, 18) agree structurally and except in a

L'ncus of H. henshaivi . . ... , . ti ..

few mnior points also in maculation ; another
9 from Hy. Edw. Coll. is simply labelled 'Colorado'. Unfortunately
the abdomen of the type specimen is lost so that we have been unable
to confirm our identification by comparing the structure of the Uncus ;
our figure, as well as our text figure of the Uncus, is that of a Placer
Co. Calif, specimen which is better marked than the type. The forks
of the Uncus are rather more U shaped than in the preceding species
but the long narrow neck shows its close relationship. In the 9 the
palpi seem slightly longer than in the (J . The species is apparently
found only at higher altitudes in early summer.

HVDRIOMEXA SHASTA sp. IIOV. (PI. Ill, Fig. 4).

Palpi apparently short and rather hairy ; primaries rather unicolorous
dark gray with median band slightly paler, the dark areas lightly sprinkled with
whitish dots; subbasal line (line 1) dark, very strongly oblique from costa to
cell, then bent at almost right angles and slightly ovit-
wardly oblique to inner margin one third from base
where it forms a small black patch ; band 2 almost
lost in the general dark color of the antemedian area
which is streaked with black along inner margin;
line 3 slightly wavy, in genera! rather evenly oblique
from somewhat before middle of costa to slightly
P 2 beyond middle of inner margin; median area much

Un s of H Shasta constricted between vein 2 and inner margin, bor-

dered outwardly by line 4 which forms an irregular
outward bulge opposite cell; band 5 (submarginaU broad but more or less lost in
dark ground color, its outer edge being scalloped and faintly bordered by a pale
shade ; an oblique dark apical dash, extending to s. t. band ; fringes long grayish.
Secondaries even gray with concolorous fringes and a slightly darker terminal
line. Beneath rather even dark gray with traces of small discal dots and post-
median line on both wings. Expanse 25 mm.

16

Habitat: Mt. Shasta, Calif. (July 17) (McDunnough) 1 S. Type,
Coll. Barnes.

The single type was captured near the timber line at an altitude
of from 7000-8000 ft. ; its very dark color is quite characteristic as is
also the strongly bent nature of the subbasal line ; the type of Uncus
is that of the perfracta-frigidata group but as far as we can tell from
the rather twisted palpi they are short rather than moderate and we
place the species therefore next to henshazci Swett.

Hydriomena irata Swett. (PI. II. Figs. 12, 15; PI. IV, Fig. 6; PI.

VIII, Fig. 4).

This is a good species and easily distinguished from californiata,
which it superficially resembles, by the shape of the Uncus as well as
by the shortness of the palpi. From the preceding group it is separated
by the stouter forks of the Uncus, the included space being rather more
U shaped than V shaped.

The species is apparently rather constant iu coloration, judging by
our series of twelve species and other twelve in the Am. Mus. material
which all show distinct reddish antemedian and postmedian shading ;
the sub-basal line is strongly bent in the cell which serves to distinguish
the species both from the preceding group and from californiata in
which it is more or less straightly oblique. The form niveifascia
Swett, described as a variety of californiata (C. Ent. 48, p. 249) prop-
erly belongs here as an examination of the Uncus of the unique S
type, kindly loaned us by Mr. Swett, distinctly shows; the palpi are
slightly longer than usual which doubtless led to the reference but
this is a somewhat variable feature in the series before us. We figure
the type of this form on PI. IV, Fig. 6.

Most of our specimens were captured in April but we have a
single specimen from Duncans, Vane. Is., B. C. taken in September
which would indicate if the label is correct at least a partial second
generation ; we have not seen the species from other localities than
Vancouver Island and the northern Pacific coast, a single S in the
Barnes Collection having been captured at Ketchikan, S. Alaska.

II. Moderate palpi group.

The following group of three species, with which we commence
the second group, frigidata VVlk. perfracta Swett, and transfigurata
Swett, all originally described from the Eastern States or Canada, are

17

very closely related in the structure of the Uncus and also in general
niaculation. The first two species have been listed respectively as a
synonym and a color form of cccrulata Fabr. {aiitumiialis Strom);
this species however scarcely occurs in North America (unless possibly
in Alaska) and our studies of the genitalia have shown us that the
forms of the Eastern States at present listed under this name may really
be readily separated into several distinct species.

The two latter of the three species mentioned are apparently quite
rare and study of more material and especially of life histories may
cause some change in our grouping but for the present we list each as
a good species.

Hydriomena frigidata W1U-. ( PI. Ill, Figs. 12-14 ; PI. X'lII, Fig. 5).

The species, as already noted, is quite distinct from cccrulata
Fabr. ; it is a form of the early spring ( April-May) and can at once be
separated by its extremely dark secondaries which have the cross-line
only faintly developed ; the primaries are usually a deep blackish-green
crossed by a rather obscure median whitish band, a characteristic of
which appears to be that it shows distinct black shading below the discal
streak. The Uncus is bifurcate with long narrow neck, the bifurca-
tions forming more of a U than a V and being rather short and chunky.

A form of what we believe to be this species occurs in Manitoba
and is characterized by the much whiter basal and median areas, the
latter still showing, however, the blackish suffusion below discal streak ;
the green of the ground-color is also rather paler ; we propose for this
race the name Manitoba, our types being 4 (J , 1 9 from Cartwright,
Man. (May 25 and 28).

The typical form appears wide-spread in the Eastern and Middle
States ; we have seen specimens from New York and New Jersey and
have series from New Brighton, Pa. and Decatur, 111.; there is also
a single specimen in the American Museum from Blanco Co., Texas
and Mr. Swett tells us that a specimen mentioned by Packard from
Kentucky under calif oniiata (Monog. p. 95) is probably this species.

Hydriomena transfigcrata Swett. (PI. Ill, Fig. 15).

Through the kindness of Mr. Swett we possess a Co-type of this
species; as this is a unique specimen in our collection we have been

18

unable to make any dissections but as far as we can tell by an exam-
ination of the Uncus under the binocular the
species is closely allied to frigidata. We
note however that the neck is rather broader
and shorter, the forks of the bifurcation
rather longer and there appears to be a tuber-
cle or ridge at the base of the neck much as
Fic. 3 in excnlpata; it seems to us therefore that we

Uncus of H. transRguraia g^g dealing with a distinct species. The gen-
eral coloration, while greenish as in frigidata, is much paler, the median
band is broader at costa and shows no trace (in our specimen at least)
of the black discal shading of frigidata. For further details we would
refer the student to Mr. Swett's note (C. Ent. 44, 228). The species
occurs in early May in Massachusetts; we incline to think that Mr.
Swett's mention of New Brighton, Pa. (Merrick) as a locality (1. c.
p. 228) is incorrect and that the only species occurring there is frigi-
data; the Merrick Collection (now incorporated in our own) contained
no transfigurata but a good series of frigidata and any other specimens
we have examined from this locality all proved to be the latter species.

Hydriomena perfracta Swett. (PI. IV, Figs. 1, 2; PI. VI, Fig. 13;
PI. VIII, Fig. 6).

As already noted the species was described as a color form of
ccerulata Fabr. {autumiialis Strom) although later (C. Ent. 44, p. 226)
Mr. Swett suggests that plnviata Gn. may be the more correct name
for the North American species. We entirely
concur with him in this view but for the pres-
ent hold perfracta distinct from pluviata as
there seem to be differences in the shape of the
Uncus which place it very close to transfigur-
ata. The species seems to be rare; besides
Fic- ■» the type which we figure (PI. VI, Fig. 13) we

Uncus of H. terf.acta j^^^^ ^^^^ ^^g,^ ^ ^jj^gj^ ^ f ^om the Catskill

Mts. (type locality) in the American Museum material and another
$ in our own collection from the vicinity of Calgary, Alta. (Dod),
all three specimens being practically identical in maculation and size.

We would note that while the maculation of both perfracta and
pluviata is practically the same, the former species is much larger
(30 mm.) than pluviata which averages 25 mm. in the S sex; the

_19

ruddy shading on both sides of the median wliitish area is very bright
pinkish whereas in those specimens of pluviata which show a ruddy
tinge the color is dull and more generally suffused over the entire
wing surface. The time of flight would appear to be somewhat
earlier ; the Catskill Mt. specimens were captured in late May whereas
pluvxata, which is common in the same locality, judging by a long
series before us from the Pearsall Collection, is at the height of its
flight in mid-June, continuing into July. Finally the Uncus of per-
fracta examined under the binocular shows a narrow neck of the
frigidata type with the forks distinctly divergent, whilst in plmiata
the neck is more of the cacnilata type showing scarcely any contraction,
with the lateral edges forming almost a straight line from apex of
forks to base of neck. These differences may or may not prove
specific when more material can be examined and life histories studied
but for the present no great harm is done by treating the two forms as
distinct species.

We have two specimens from Vancouver Island, B. C. which
seem best treated as a race of this species and for which we propose
the name exasperata ; they are slightly smaller than typical pcrfracta
(28 mm.) and are more sharply marked, the cross-lines being heavy
and distinct; the whole of the primaries is evenly suffused with a
ruddy color giving the form a great similarity to californiata Pack,
from which it may at once be separated by the shape of the Uncus
(PI. VIII, Fig. 6) which is very similar to that of perfracta. the forks
being rather chunkier and somewhat shorter and the neck slightly
thicker. Our types are 2 i's, the one from Departure Bay, Vane.
Is. B. C. (July 13), the other from Wellington, B. C. (June 23) both
originally collected by Rev. G. W. Taylor.

Hydriomena marinata sp. nov. (PI. VI, Fig. 6).

Palpi moderate ; primaries olive-green whh a very faint ruddy tinge ; sub-
basal line black, in general oblique with a slight incurve in the submedian fold and
a faint angle at times on median vein ; band 2 broad,
irregular, bordered on each side by the green ground
color ; line 3 fine, dark, irregularly oblique ; median
area greenish, more or less dark shaded around cell
with a fine dark discal streak narrowed consider-
ably at inner margin; line 4 oblique at costa. angled
inwardly opposite cell followed by a strong outward
bulge, after which it is irregularly scalloped and
aia inwardly oblique to inner margin : outer area uni-

colorous olivaceous crossed by the usual broad dark
subterminal band which is connected with apex of wing by a dark streak; dark

20

terminal streaks on both sides of veins. Secondaries rather pale smoky white
with two rather distinct postmedian parallel dark lines and a terminal dark line.
Beneath much the color of secondaries above with two subterminal lines on
primaries corresponding to lines 4 and 5 of upper side; secondaries with a single
angled postmedian line and faint discal dot. Expanse 30 mm.

Habitat: Type, Verdi, Nevada; Paratype, Marin Co., Calif. (Hy. Edw.)
2 $. Type, Coll. Barnes; Paratype, Coll. Am. Mus. N. H.

The species is one of those obscure greenish ones which we
should have been inclined to associate with glaitcata if it had not been
for its shorter palpi and the differently shaped Uncus which is very
close to that of frigidata but considerably thicker and chunkier.

An examination of the 2 S types of cliiricahitata Swett in the
Barnes Coll. shows that tliey belong to two distinct species; we limit
the name therefore to the type from the Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., which
has a very deeply bifurcate Uncus and will deal with the species in
more detail later under the long palpi section ; the other specimen from
the Huachuca Mts., Ariz, has a type of Uncus very similar to that of
the frigidata group and although the palpi are scarcely perceptibly
shorter than those of the true chiricahuata we prefer to deal with it
for the present in this section. Apart from the difference in the Uncus
the two species are so strikingly similar that with our limited material
we find it very difficult to point to any definite means of separation in
maculation ; the basal and median areas are rather paler in the present
species, the former being rather more extended than in chiricahuata;
the secondaries are paler basally and on the underside show no discal
dot; we describe the species in detail as follows:

HVDRIOMENA ARIZONATA Sp. UOV. (PI. Ill, Fig. 10).

Primaries gray, shaded and sprinkled with olivaceous-brown with paler

basal and median spaces and heavy black cross-lines; line 1 (subbasal) strongly

rounded outwardly from a point on costa near base almost to middle of inner

margin ; band 2 purplish, irregular, with outward

angles in cell and submedian fold, shaded on both

sides with brownish-gray and with a heavy black

mark just beyond it on inner margin; line 3 rather

fine, somewhat irregularly oblique, with inward angle

above inner margin ; median space paler, with fine

discal dot, bordered outwardly by a very irregular

Pjj, g line (line 4) which shows a prominent inward angle

Uncus of H arhonaia opposite cell, two scallops in the interspaces of veins

2-4 and is then bent strongly backward reaching the

inner margin close to line 3 and narrowing the median space between vein 2

and inner margin to half its width at costa ; a very distinct submarginal purplish

21

band shaded on both siilcs with ohvaceous-brown and crossed by the usual
black subapical dashes ; dark terminal dots on both sides of veins ; fringes smoky
with darker median line. Secondaries pale smoky at base with much heavier
smoky shading terminally, a fairly distinct angled postmedian line, somewhat
emphasized on the veins by dashes and separated from the darker terminal
shading by a narrow pale band; fringes pale, checkered with smoky-bown. Be-
neath primaries pale smoky crossed by two sinuous subterminal lines and shaded
with gray along costa and at apex; secondaries whitish, sprinkled lightly with
smoky brown, with the postmedian line of upper side very distinct and with
traces of a paint parallel subterminal line; terminal dark line on both wings;
fringes pale, checkered. Expanse 11 mm.

n.\BiT.\T: Palmerlee. Ariz.; Huachuca Mts., Ariz. 3 c5 ■ Types,
Coll. Barnes.

We have two specimens before us, one a 9 in the Barnes Coll.
from Vineyard, Utah (Sept. 1), the other a 3 from Stockton, Utah
(Oct. 12) in the American Museum material ex Coll. Grossbeck which
seem to represent a new species, characterized by its light gray color
and pale secondaries, the underside of which is almost imtnaculate
white ; we also possess a worn and stained 3 from Glenwood Spgs.,
Colo. (May 1-7) which seems to belong to the same species and may
represent a spring generation. The type of Uncus is essentially that
of the frigidata group. The following description is drawn up from
the 9 specimen on account of its more perfect condition ; we might
note however that the palpi in the 9 , owing to abrasion, give the
appearance of being shorter than in the S which has the palpi in
good condition but the wings rather worn ; there seems, however, no
doubt as to the specific oneness of the two specimens.

Hydriomena obliquilinea sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig. 11).

Palpi rather short; thorax dark gray with faint ochreous tinge; primaries

gray much obscured by smoky, especially in the antemedian and costal areas ; mac-

ulation ratlicr indistinct with the exception of an oblique, dark, rather broad line
(line 1) extending from costa near base to inner
margin about one third from base, bordered inwardly
with whitish; a faint wavy median line (line 3), par-
allel to this first line, reaches inner margin well
before inner angle, the included space being slightly
darker than the basal area, and crossed by an indis-
tinct waved smoky band, the inner margin of wing
in this area heavily streaked with blackish ; the
'"^' ' median area is defined outwardly by a dark line,

Uncus of H. ohhqmhnca ^^.^^ ^^^ shaded inwardly with white at costa and

above inner margin, strongly oblique outwardly to vein S then indistinct but

_^2

apparently angled inward opposite cell and rounded outwardly across veins 4
and 3, then distinct to anal angle and decidedly crenulate, the lower portion of
this median area is pale, the upper portion, especially in the broadest part oppo-
site the cell, is shaded with smoky purple ; two distinct black subapical streaks
above veins 5 and 6; subterminal band defined by two pale whitish parallel lines,
bent strongly outward at costa and then parallel with outer margin and close to
same, ending in a small black spot just above anal angle; a broken terminal dark
line ; fringes dusky ; secondaries whitish tinged with smoky with an indistinct
postmedian line, bent inwardly on vein 2, and a prominent dark terminal line
broken by a pale dot on the veins ; fringes pale with a minute dark dot opposite
the veins. Beneath primaries pale smoky with maculation of upper side indis-
tinctly showing through ; secondaries white ; fringes as above. E.xpanse 26 mm.
Habitat: 9, Vineyard, Utah (Sept. 1); S, Stockton, Utah (Oct. 12).
1 (5,1 9 . Type $ , Coll. American Museum ; Type 9 . Coll. Barnes.

Hydriomena marmorata .sp. nov. (PI. IV, Fig. 3; PI. VIII, Fig. 7).

Among the material sent by the American Museum we found nine
specimens (6 S , 3 9 ) all bearing the label "Sierra Nevadas, Calif.
(Hy. Edwards)', which to our mind represent a distinct species for
which we propose the above name, describing as follows :

Palpi moderate, tending to short rather than long, blackish; head and
thorax gray, sprinkled and marked with blackish and with a strong blackish
metathoracic tuft; primaries narrow, elongate, with pointed apex, dull gray
marbled with reddish pink and with the usual purplish lines and bands ; basal
space pale gray sprinkled with black atoms, especially along inner margin, defined
outwardly by line 1 which is strongly outwardly oblique from costa to cubital
vein, then angled and concave, but still oblique, to inner margin somewhat before
middle; band 2 broad, dark, irregular, shaded on both sides with ruddy-pink and
tiiarked with a black dash at inner margin ; the inner defining line of the paler
median area (line 3) not well marked; this area is narrow, sprinkled with dark
gray and suffused with ruddy below the cell, with small dark discal dash ; the
outer defining line is irregular with a strong inward bend opposite the cell ;
beyond this is a broad ruddy area followed by a broad purplish gray subterminal
band crossed by the usual subapical dashes; terminal area gray, sprinkled with
darker gray and somewhat diffused with ruddy; veins marked terminally on
both sides by blackish streaks. Secondaries rather pale smoky with more or
less distinct postmedian and subterminal dark parallel lines, rather strongly
angled on vein 3. Beneath smoky gray with dark discal dots and two postmedian
lines on both wings, especially distinct on secondaries. Expanse 32 mm.

The types i and 9 are in the American Museum Collection
along with Paratypes; through the kindness of the authorities of the
Museum 2 3,1 9 Paratypes are retained in the Barnes Collection ;
Mr. Swett has also recently sent us a S from California which we
have made a Paratype. There is a worn 9 from Provo, Utah (July

23

23) amongst the Museum material which is apparently referable here
and another rubbed 9 in the Barnes Coll. from Redington, Ariz, may
also possibly be found to represent a form of this species.

The species seems best placed near perfracta Swett ; its narrow
pointed wings and peculiar mottled appearance should render it easily
recognizable.

We have before us several specimens from the Sierra Nevadas,
Calif, which seem to represent a new species; the general appearance
is strikingly close to a \Vestern race of niberata to which we will refer
later but tlie palpi are distinctly shorter and the average size somewhat
smaller. The species is related in shape of Uncus to the perfracta
group but the Uncus has a very narrow neck and the bifurcations are
short and not widely separated, resembling considerably the Uncus
of tiioliimne; we describe the species as follows:

HVDRIOMENA SIERRAE sp. ttov. (PI. IV, Figs. 4, 5; PI. VIII, Fig. 8).

Primaries dull gray, sprinkled with smoky; space between lines 1 (subbasal)
and 3 (antemedian) filled with dull reddish-brown through which runs a faint
irregular smoky band shaded with black at inner margin ; similar reddish sliading
beyond line 4 (postmedian) ; basal and median areas whitish-gray, very slightly
tinged with ruddy, latter with small discal dash; line 1 (subbasal) black, thick,
slightly rounded below costa and bent in somewhat in fold ; line 3 rather evenly
oblique, slightly waved ; line 4 thick and outwardly oblique below costa, bent in
opposite cell and then strongly bulging outwardly, bent backward between veins
4 and 2, forming two scallops, and parallel to line 3 from vein 2 to inner margin ;
subterminal band broad, smoky, slightly scalloped on both sides and bordered
by a white line ; apical black streak and two parallel black subapical black dashes,
the lower one longer and extending across subterminal band to line 4 ; fringes
checkered with blackish at ends of veins. Secondaries rather pale smoky with
distinct discal dot and two darker lines, the one postmedian, rather sharply bent
before vein 3, the other submarginal, broader and more diffuse ; fringes distinctly
checkered. Beneath pale smoky with distinct discal dots and postmedian and
submarginal lines on both wings. E.xpanse 26 mm.

Types, 1 ^,1 9. Shasta Retreat, Siskiyou Co., Calif, (June 24-30) (July
1-7) (McDunnough). Paratypes, 4 $,2 9- Cisco, Placer Co., Calif. (June),
3 $ and 1 9 being in the Collection of the American Museum,

With the above species we end the members of the moderate palpi
group in which the Uncus is shortly bifurcate with a rather long narrow
neck, the remaining members of this group form a subsection in which
the bifurcations are very deep and U-shaped, thus eliminating more or

2£

less all trace of the neck. Of this group candata Fabr. (autumiwlis
Strom) is a typical member but we doubt very much if this European
species can be accredited to the North American fauna as has generally
been done up to the present. A very good figure of the c! genitalia
is given by Pierce (Gen. Brit. Geom. PI. 43), our own dissections
proving the accuracy of his figure ; we have found nothing among our
American material to correspond with this and while it is possible that
candata may be found in the far north just as is the case with
Dysstioma popidata L. which occurs in Alaska, we think it advisable
to drop the name for the present from our lists.

As we have already noted the name autumiialis has been applied
in this country to a conglomeration of species for which there are
valid names, given principally by older authors ; we have already separ-
ated out fngidata \\\k. and now treat of pluviata Gn.

HvDRioMENA PLUVIATA Gn. (divisaria W'lk. ) (PI. I\', Figs. 7. 8;

PI. VI, Fig. 16; PI. IX, Fig. 1).

Gucnee's diagnosis of this species is sufficient to determine the
form with considerable certainty; he mentions the sharper apex of
primaries, the more oblique first line, the bulging of the median space
in its central portion and the paler hind wings as compared with
cccndata, all of which points are found in a species which occurs com-
monly in the Catskill Mts.. N. Y. in June and July and extends through
the New England States into Maine and Canada; from our notes on
the type of divisaria Wlk., a sketch of the Uncus kindly made for us
by l\ir. A. W. Baker of the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph and
a photograph of the type ( PI. VI, Fig. 16) we have little doubt that
Walker's name falls as synonym to Guenee's older name. Besides
the points already mentioned the species is characterized by its small
size (25-27 mm.), general dull color with considerable tendency to
brown or ruddy sufifusion, a rather prominent incurve in the first line
below the cell and a very strong inward tooth in the fourth line (post-
median) in the cell, these two last features being not entirely constant.

The Uncus in shape forms a connecting link between the two
groups, the forks being not so deep as in cccndata, leaving a short
broad neck visible ; in a long series examined we found slight variabil-
ity present in the length of the bifurcations and consequently the
length of the neck, but our figure seems to be that of an average
specimen.

Hydriomena renunciata Wlk. ( PI. I\', Figs. 10-14; PI. IX, Fig. 2).

There is another species which occurs in the Eastern and New
England States along with pliiviaia and which has invariably been
confused with the same although they are easily separated by even a
superficial examination of the Uncus ; for this species we believe the
above name is applicable, judging by a colored figure of the type in the
British Museum which we have received. It is this species which
Packard figures in the Monograph on PI. VIII, Fig. 29; it is generally
rather larger than plH^iata with broader primaries and in general macu-
lation approaches closer to the European cocndata than does plniiata;
the ground color is rather dark, often quite blackish with an admix-
ture of green shades and the whitish median band is of more even
width throughout and often stands out very prominently from the
darker surrounding area.

The Uncus is still more deeply bifurcate than that of cartilata
and the neck is consequently practically eliminated.

The species has apparently the same range as plitviata; Dr.
McDunnough found it common, although somewhat worn, in the
White Mts., N. H. (Bretton Woods) in mid-July and we have series
before us from Northwestern Ontario (Hymers), Digby, N. S., \'er-
mont and the Catskills Mts.

On the northern Pacific coast this species is represented by the
race columbiata Tayl. (PI. IV, Figs. 13, 14) which is rather larger
and slightly more variegated in appearance, but has the same type
of genitalia ; we have, besides the types, a long series from Vancouver
Is. and Ketchikan, Alaska.

There is a considerable tendency toward melanism in the western
form, (PI. IV. Fig. 12) especially in those occurring inland; Mr.
Swett mentions this form under the name nigresccns Heune (C. Ent.
44, p. 228) from Saskatchewan but of course this name is not applic-
able; we propose therefore the name pernigr.\ta for the suffused
blackish form with only traces of a paler median area, our types being
1 (J , 2 9 from Glacier National Park, Montana ; we have made
Paratypes of 1 $ , \ 9 from Skagit Basin, B. C. and 1 5 from
Stickeen River, B. C, the two former in the Collection of the Amer-
ican Museum; two very similar specimens from the Sierra Nevadas,
Calif. (Hy. Edwards) are also in this collection.

26

Hydriomena crokeri Swett. (PI. IV, Fig. 15; PI. IX, Fig. 3).

We consider this a good species and not a variety of the preceding
as Hsted by Mr. Swett; in type of genitalia it is close to columbiata
Tayl. but apart from its yellowish-green coloration which is very
constant in our series of eight specimens, it may easily be recognized
by the subbasal line which is very strongly bent outward below costa,
whereas in cohtmbiala this line is generally quite rigidly oblique, only
occasionally showing a slight bend ; another feature is a tendency to
show considerable whitish shading in the subterminal dark band, which
when present seems quite characteristic. The Uncus also shows points
of distinction, possessing a short neck and being rather intermediate in
the shape of the forks between columbiata and calif orniata. We have
a single ? from Salem, Oregon, our other specimens having been
captured in the vicinity of Victoria, B. C, in April and May.

Hydriomena muscata sp. nov. (PI. IV, Fig. 9; PI. IX, Fig. 4).

We have three S specimens from Eldridge, Sonoma Co., Calif,
captured in February, which, on account of the similarity of Uncus and
the fact that the subterminal band shows white shading, may prove to
be a southern race of crokeri; as however the general appearance is
quite different we treat it for the present as a distinct species. The
primaries are dark mossy green, crossed by the usual dark bands and
with tlie median area whitish, strongly narrowed toward inner margin
and with slight ruddy shading in the fold; the subbasal line is bent
below costa much as in crokeri; line 3, bordering the median area
inwardly, is rather rigidly oblique, being only slightly waved ; the sub-
terminal band shows traces of white shading which in one specimen
has spread so as to obliterate entirely the central portion of the band.
Our types in the Barnes Collection are the three specimens already
mentioned.

Hydriomena califo'kni.'VTA Pack. (PI. V, Figs. 1, 2; PI. X, Fig. 2).

On a recent visit to the Cambridge Museum of Comp. Anatomy
we were unable definitely to locate Packard's type of this species which
was a specimen from California (Behrens), no sex being mentioned;
Mr. Swett at the time told us that it appeared to have been lost and
after a careful study of the original description we both agreed to
accept his identification of the species (C. Ent. 44, p. 229) as correct.
Since then he has written us that he has discovered the type in an old

box of Peabody Academy material, that it is a $ markeil 'Behrens, 13'
and that it does not aher our conception of the species.

We might note that Packard in his Monograph (where he hope-
lessly confused several species under the name californxata) states that
the specimen figured on PI. \'III, Fig. 30 is the normal form, another
specimen being figured as calif orniata on PI. VIII, Fig. 33; these two
specimens differ considerably in the shape of the subbasal line which in
Fig. 30 shows a rather strong bend, in Fig. 33 on the contrary being rig-
idly oblique ; the original description is rather ambiguous on this point,
Packard merely stating 'an oblique black line finely and acutely pointed
on the median vein goes obliquely outwards.' Our conception of the
species is rather that of the latter figure, which was evidently a small
S , Fig. 30 to our mind being closer to irata Swett in some ways than
to our notion of californiata.

Apart from this one point, which in our series seems in any case
somewhat variable, we find nothing in either of the figures that would
cause us to alter our previous determination of the species.

We have a long series from various localities on Vancouver Is.
B. C. where it appears to be common but have seen no Californian
material ; some of the 9 's are rather difificult to separate from those of
coliimbiata Tayl. but usually in the former species band 2 is less elbowed
outwardly below the costa and line 4 (postmedian) more deeply exca-
vated opposite the cell ; generally the characteristic ruddy tinge of the
antemedian and subterminal areas is sufficient to identify the species.
The palpi are quite long in the 2 sex, in some specimens being only
very slightly shorter than in rubcrala which falls into the following
section.

The Uncus is very characteristic, the forks being deep, very stout
and more bent inward apically than in the preceding species.

The species occurs on Vancouver Is. in June in contradistinction to
irata which is an early spring species (April) ; our earliest date for
caUformata is May 23d, our latest July 20th ; colmnbiata appears to be
intermediate in time of emergence between the two, our few speci-
mens from Vancouver Island having been taken in May.

With the preceding species we end the second main group; the
following section, consisting of the long palpi species, may be sub-
divided, according to the shape of the Uncus, into several secondary

28

groups, each of which seems to bear more relation to one of the preced-
ing groups than to the other subdivisions of its own section.

The first subdivision shows in the shape of the Uncus great affinity
to califoniiata Pack., in fact the palpi themselves are only slightly
longer than we find in califoniiata 9 "s and the species might almost
as well be placed in the preceding section.

Our S material in this group is very limited and we do not feel
at all sure but that with more material and better knowledge of the
type specimens some of our conclusions may have to be altered ; how-
ever we give our opinions for what they may be worth and trust that
those more favorably situated with regard to material than we are will
be spurred on to test the correctness of these conclusions.

III. Long Palpi Group.

Hydriomena BisTRiOLATA Zell. ( PI. V, Figs. 3, 4; PI. IX, Fig. 5).
The type of this species is a 9 in the Zeller Collection in the

British Museum; according to Zeller, Packard and Swett (Can. Ent.

47, p. 59) there is in the Cambridge Museum a 9 (not a 5 ) which
may be possibly considered a Paratype as it
bears a yellow label indicating that it had been
examined by Zeller; Packard figures a speci-
men from St. Louis, Mo., which he had com-
pared with this latter specimen and found to
agree (Mon. Geom. p. 95, PI. VIII, Fig. 32).
I'iG. 8 We have a single $ from Decatur. 111.,

Uncus of H. bistrioUita ... ,, • , -r* i i' i^ -.1

which agrees well with Packard s figure and
which we imagine therefore may be referred to this species; it shows
only a faint tinge of green on the pale areas whereas typical bistriolata
is strongly suffused with this color, but a series would probably show
considerable variation in this respect. We figure the Uncus, drawn
after an examination under the binocular, our material not permitting
of any slides being made ; Mr. Swett has kindly sent us a sketch of the
Uncus of two <5 "s in the Cambridge Museum from Dallas, Tex. (Boll),
probably part of the type lot, which agrees with our figure so that we
imagine our identification is fairly certain ; it will be seen that the fork
is very deep and strongly U shaped, each branch being thickened and
slightly bent inward toward apex ; it would seem to be a further devel-
opment of the califoniiata type. The species has only been taken in

g9

early spring ; Mr. Swett mentions March for the Texan specimens ami
our specimen was taken in early April along with frigidata Wlk.

In our Contributions \'ol. II, p. 204 we referred to some Colorado
specimens, identified for us by Mr. Swett as bistriolata, as being dis-
tinct from this species ; an examination of the $ Uncus of these
Colorado specimens shows however no point of difiference from that
of our Decatur specimen ; it would seem therefore that Mr. Swett was
correct and that we were in error in calling these a distinct species ;
they do, however, represent a distinct race characterized by the entire
lack of green shading, the deeper brown color of the antemedian band
and the paler color of the secondaries ; the basal and median areas of
primaries are also considerably suffused with light gray scaling. We
propose the name modestata for this race, our types being 2 ,J , 2 ?
from Glenwood Spgs., Colo, captured in April and May, one of the 9
Paratypes being in the American Museum Collection.

Hydriomena chiricahuata Swett. (PI. \', Fig. 5).

As previously stated the type must be limited to the 3 specimen
from the Chiricahua Mts., Ariz. The type of Uncus is distinctly that
of bistriolata, in fact, apart from the smaller size, which is only natural,
we can see no difiference in the structure of this organ in the two
species ; it may be, therefore, that chiricahuata is merely a small Arizona
race of the preceding species but for the present it may be kept separate
until more is known about its life history and time of appearance;
apart from the type we have seen three $ specimens from Palmerlee.
Ariz., all undated, and 2 9 's from Yavapai Co., Ariz. (July 2) and
Prescott, Ariz. (Sept. 9) which seem referable here; I $ and 2 9 's
are in the American Museum material ex Coll. Grossbeck.

H\T)RiOMENA RUBER.\TA Freycr. (PI. V, Figs. 6-9; PI. IX, Figs. 6, 7).

The species occurs quite commonly in the New England States
and extends Westward through Canada to the Rocky Mts. ; we have
series from Manitoba and Alberta which show, besides the typical
form as figured by Seitz (Macro. Pal. IV, PI. 10k) also the form
variegata Prout ; it is probably that the other European forms also
occur as noted by Mr. Swett (C. Ent. 47, p. 61). We have no record
of the occurrence of the species in British Columbia, although we have
a single 9 labelled Easton. Wash.

30

The Uncus is strongly bifurcate with a rather narrow short neck
but with very stout forks which broaden apically giving a very char-
acteristic appearance; Mr. Pierce has figured the genitalia (Gen. Brit.
Geom. PI. 43) and specimens from North America which we have
examined agree well with his figure ; there is some slight variation in
the width of the neck which at times may be very narrow ; the depth of
the forks is also somewhat variable.

On the East and West slopes of the central Sierra Nevada Mts.
(Verdi, Nevada; Cisco, Placer Co., Calif.) we meet with a race of
ruberata which has generally gone under the name similaris Hist, but
this name, as we have already had occasion to point out (Contr. Ill,
p. 176), has been erroneously applied. This race, (PI. V, Figs. 6, 9)
besides being somewhat smaller, is generally duller and more washed-
out in color, the whole of the primaries having a sufifused grayish
appearance without the sharp definition of the typical form ; the forks
of the Uncus (PI. IX, Fig. 7) are rather variable but in general are
less swollen apically than in Eastern specimens and show a tendency
to keep close together, making the open V quite narrow. We propose
for this race the name nevadae, our types being 7 S, 6 9 from
Verdi, Nevada (Jime), 2 5,3? Paratypes being in the American
Museum Collection. The race shows the same varietal tendencies
which we find in the nimotypical form. We have seen additional speci-
mens, rather better marked from Cisco, Placer Co., Calif.

The two following species, glaucata Pack, and cdenata Swett,
have caused us a great deal of trouble with regard to their correct
identification owing to the fact that the Holotypes of both species are
9 's whilst the type of maculation is extraordinarily similar ; for a
considerable time we considered that the two names represented races
of a single species which extends more or less along the whole Pacific
Coast ; the recent receipt of a pair of specimens from the San Gabriel
Mts., Calif, in which the $ Uncus is of an entirely different type to
that of our so-called glaucata whilst the general maculation is astound-
ingly close has convinced us that we are certainly dealing with two
species, but has also left us in great doubt as to how to apply the
names correctly; our present usage is therefore more or less tentative
and caused by a desire not to augment the confusion already existing
by adding new names which may later prove to be synonyms; we

imagine that a careful study of the types will settle the question but
until we are in a position to do this on a future visit to the New York
and Cambridge Museums the matter must remain in abeyance.

Hydriomena glaucata Pack. (PI. VI, Fig. 4.)

The unique type 9 from California is figured in the Proc. Bost.
Soc. N. Hist. PI. I, Fig. 6, but owing to the rather worn nature of the
specimen and the poor reproduction this figure is not very satisfactory
as a means of absolute identification ; we be-
lieve, however that Mr. Swett is correct in
stating (C. Ent. 47, p. 63) that the type exists
in the Hy. Edwards Collection in the New
York Museum, but we cannot agree with his
statements (C. Ent. 47, p. 62) that it is a green
form of ruberata; we examined this specimen
''"^- ' a year ago and thought at the time we had

Uncus of H. glaucata niatched it with a series of specimens taken

in Sonoma Co. in February, such as we figure on PI. III. Figs. 5-7,
and which in the type of Uncus corresponds to what we treat in this
paper as edenata Swett ; as however we were unaware at the time of
the existence of two species with closely allied maculation we feel that
our comparison will need careful revision before we can consider that
glaucata and edenata represent forms or races of a single species.

As already stated we prefer for the present to apply the name
glaucata tentatively to the species of which we possess I S ,\ 9 from
the San Gabriel Mts. Calif, captured June 29th by V. L. Clemence and
received by us from Mr. F. Grinnell Jr. ; we figure the 9 which
matches Packard's figure pretty well, being in general however rather
darker (which may be due to the freshness of the specimen) but show-
ing the greenish shade as mentioned in the description. The S Uncus
has a short, moderately narrow neck and very long wide-spreading
forks, being closer to crokeri and muscata in this respect than to any
other species we know of, but of course dififering widely from these two
in length of palpi and general maculation.

Hydriomena edenata Swett. (PI. Ill, Figs. 5-9; PI. VI, Figs. 5, 7,

14;P1. X, Fig. 1).

The Holotype of this species is a 9 from Eden Valley, Monterey
Co., Calif, in the Cambridge Museum ex Coll. Swett {vide C. Ent. 47,

p. 59) and through the kindness of Mr. S. Henshaw we are able to
give a figure of this type on PI. VI, Fig. 14; the S specimen from
Monterey Co. ex Coll. Grossbeck, mentioned in the original descrip-
tion is in the American Museum and Mr. F. Watson the Curator has
sent us a sketch of the Uncus which corresponds with that figured by us
on PI. X, Fig. 1. As may be seen by a reference to this figure it is
very different from that of the preceding species, the neck being
rather long and narrow, the forks narrow, compressed laterally at
apex and bent downward with a small terminal hook which is quite
characteristic; the depth of the bifurcation varies somewhat but it is
usually about equal to the length of the neck.

If this S is conspecific with the 9 type, which it is impossible
for us to determine at the present moment, our identification may be
regarded as fairly safe ; the species appears to be rather wide-spread
in apparently two generations along the whole Pacific Coast from
San Diego to \'ancouver Is., B. C. The typical form is without green
shades, the antemedian area being shaded with warm brown ; it occurs
ostensibly in June and our figure (PI. III. Fig. 8) of a S from
Monterey Co. we regard as fairly typical ; we have other specimens,
rather deeper in shade, taken in June in San Diego Co. Wright has
recently applied to two forms of this species from San Diego (Ent.
News, XXVII, p. 460) the names olivata and pallidata; we are able
through the kindess of Mr. Swett to figure Co-types of these forms (PI.
VI, Figs. 5, 7) which appear, according to the shape of the Uncus, to
be correctly associated with cdenata; these Co-types before us were
captured in February and March which would point to an early spring
generation ; this is corroberated by a series from Sonoma Co. in our
collection, captured also in February, three specimens of which we
figure on PI. Ill, Figs. 5-7; as already stated we were inclined to
consider these as referable to glaucata but if our present conception
of glaucata prove to be correct they will probably represent a good race
of edenata agreeing as they do in the structure of the Uncus.

Mr. Swett mentions (C. Ent. 47, p. 60) a large Vancouver Is.
form as belonging to cdenata; we have before us 1 5,3 9 of this
form, captured in March and April, 1 9 , which we figure, showing
considerable green tinges, the other three specimens being largely brown
with pale basal and median areas. There is nothing in the structure
of the Uncus to separate these B. C. specimens from those of Sonoma,

33

Monterey and San Diego Cos. but as their large size (38 nini. in both
sexes) is apparently constant we believe we are justified in proposing
to use the racial name grandis, our types being 1 S from Duncans,
B. C. (Mch. 24-30) and 3 9 's from Victoria, B. C. (Apr. 8, 13. 16)
1 9 , Paratype (Victoria, Apr. 13) being in the American Museum
Collection.

We have before us two specimens from Arizona which we discov-
ered mixed up with a race of speciosata to which we will refer later;
in the S sex the Uncus is enormously forked with a long thin neck,
quite distinctive from any other species we know. We describe it as
follows.

Hydriomena furculoides sp. nov. (PI. V. Fig. 15).

Palpi long, thin, purple-brown tipped with ochreous ; head and thorax pale
greenish-yellow, the latter with two black spots on prothorax and one at base of
primaries; metathoracic tuft tipped with black, abdomen ochreous. Primaries
pale greenish-white suffused with purplish-brown
and crossed by bands of this color; line l(subbasal)
line, bent strongly outward just below costa, then
perpendicular to inner margin forming a right angle
in the cell with a slight inward bend in submedian
fold ; band 2 starting from a large costal patch, then
rather indistinct and more or less fused with the
following band owing to dark scaling in central
area of wing; band 3 (antemedian) bent outward
below costa, then rather straight and perpendicular
to inner margin ; median space pale, slightly
sprinkled with dark scales and with a dark streak
above vein 4; line 4 (postmedian) bent out below
costa, then jagged and toothed to vein 4 below which it is more or less obsolete
as a fine line close to the subterminal band ; snbterminal space similar in color
to median area ; subterminal band broad, with irregular edges, approaching close
to outer margin at vein 3 ; terminal area with very broad purplish streaks on
the veins which mostly connect with the subterminal band, leaving only small
terminal patches of the pale ground-color visible and a costal patch of same
color just beyond s. t. band below which is the usual black streak ; fringes pale
ochreous, dotted with brown at ends of veins. Secondaries pale smoky with
traces of a discal dot and somewhat crenulate postmedian line. Beneath whitish
with maculation of upper side partially visible ; secondaries with distinct discal
dot and rather sharply angled postmedian line. E.xpanse 30mm.

Habitat : $ Redington, Ariz. ; 9 Tucson, Ariz. 1 $ . Types,
Coll. Barnes.

Fig. 10
Uncus of H. furculoides

34

The preceding species ends the division of the long-palpi group
with bifurcate Uncus ; the following species have a simple narrow point-
ed Uncus and show great similarity in general type of genitalia to the
albifasciata group of short-palpi species where we imagine their real
relationship will be found to exist.

Hydriomena speciosata Pack. (Pi. V, Figs. 11-14; PI. X, Fig. 3).

We have nothing further to add to Mr. Swett's treatment of this
species (C. Ent. 47, p. 9) which is readily recognizable; the Uncus is
short with a moderately broad base and the Aedoeagus is armed with a
bunch of long spines.

We have before us a small series of specimens from Arizona
which appears to be a race of this species ; in general color they
approach closer to the form taylori Swett than to the typical form, one
of the 9 's however showing a considerable amount of green ; the
race is characterized by the reduction of the cross bands 4 and 5 (post-
median and subterminal) ; tlie former is closer to the latter than is usu-
ally found in the typical form, leaving the median space broader ; it is
also rather evenly dentate or crenulate, especially below the costa, a
feature which occasionally is found in the type form but which is
usually hidden in the broad blotches. The Uncus has the basal portion
rather less broad, the whole organ gradually and evenly tapering,
whereas in the type form the broad base is rather sharply separated
from the narrow apical section ; the spines on the Aedoeagus seem to
show a difTerent arrangement but this may not be constant in a series
of slides. We propose for this race the name morosata, our types
being 5 3,3 2 from Redington, Arizona, one of the former in the
Collection of the American Museum.

Hydriomena barnes.^ta Swett. (PI. V, Fig. 10; PI. X, Fig. 5).

The type of genitalia shows that this species is correctly placed
next to speciosata; the narrow portion of the Uncus is considerably
longer than in speciosata and the armature of the Aedoeagus consists
of a small patch of minute spines, otherwise the genitalia are very
similar. The species seems to be widely distributed in Southern
Arizona ; we have it from various localities in Cochise Co., from the
White Mts. and also from Ft. Wingate, N. Mexico, all our dated
material having been taken in June or July.

35

Hydriomena regulata Pearsall. (PI. VI, Fig. 15).

We do not know this species but have received through the kind-
ness of the authorities of the American Museum photographs of the
types, one of which we publish ; Mr. Watson informs us that these
types are two 9 's, not S 's as stated in the original description.
Judging by the photographs the species must be intermediate between
siinilaris Hist, and the Arizona race of spcciosata, differing from both
apparently in the maculation of the basal portion of the abdomen ; on
account of the obscure maculation it is rather difficult to place from
a study of the figure alone and we must await the receipt of more
material before definitely deciding its position.

Hydriomena similaris Hist, (glciiwoodata Swett.) (PI. VI. Figs.

1. 2; Pi. X, Fig. 4).

The type of genitalia shows that the species should be associated
with spcciosata rather than placed in the moderate palpi group ; the
Uncus is considerably broader than in either of the two preceding
species and is merely bluntly pointed, not tapering to a fine point; the
Aedoeagus is very heavily armed with spines and hooks and the prox-
imal portion is drawn out to a rather lengthy point, a quite unique
feature in the group.

Our recently described species, termiiiipunctata, proves to be a
race of this species, characterized by its much paler color and better
defined markings as well as by the strong whitish terminal streaks of
secondaries which in the typical form are merely very faintly indicated.

We have the type form from Colorado (Glenwood Spgs.), New
Mexico (Jemez Spgs.) and Arizona (Pinal Mts.) taken in June and
July ; the race terminipimctata from Stockton, Utah.

HYDRIOMENA CYRIADES DrUCC. (PI. VI, Fig. 8).

We have already recorded what appears to be this species from
Tucson, Ariz. (Contr. Ill, p. 23) ; if our identification be correct the
species will fall into this group the Uncus being pointed much as in
speciosata.

The remaining three species show no very close relationship to
any of the preceding groups; as they are all found in Arizona it is
probable that their affinities will be with Mexican species rather than
with the more northern forms. In mcdiodcntata the palpi are decidedly

36

short; in the other two species they are moderately long but shorter
than in speciosata.

Hydriomena mediodentata B. & Mc.D. (PI. VI, Fig. 3).

This obscure species has the basal portion of the Uncus rather
broad with two stout curved hooks, broaden-
ening apically, projecting downward from its
under surface. Apart from the 9 type and
g<Y,'-'-''.«':5^ the single <J specimen mentioned in Contr.

Ill, 22, we have seen no other specimens of

Fig. 11
Uncus of H. mediodentata the SpCcicS.

Hydriomena costipunctata B. & McD.

This species has nothing whatever to do
with speciosata as suggested by Mr. Swett (C.
Ent. 47, p. 10) ; the Uncus, as may be seen
from our drawing, is of a totally different
shape. We have seen no material other than
the types; our figure (Contr. I, (5) PI. II,
Fig. 14) should render the species easily
recognizable.

Hydriomena magnificata Tayl. (PI. \T, Fig. 9).

Flc. 12
Uncus of H. L'ostit^unctata

Apart from the type specimen we have
two specimens in the Collection from Palmer-
lee, Ariz. (April) one of them, which we fig-
ure, exceptionally perfect ; the Uncus is very
long and spoon-shaped.

Fig. 13
Uncus of //. niagniticata

In conclusion we offer the following arrangement of the species of
this group to supplant that of our Check List.

Genus Hydriomena Hbn.
* 1 furcata Thun.
clutata Hbn.
form fuscoundata Don.
form periclata Swett.

37

2 qiiinquefasciata Pack,
form viridata Pack.

3 albifasciata Pack,
form resecta Szi'ett.

form puncticaudata B. & McD.
a victoria B. & McD.
b reflata Grt.
abacta Hist.

4 cochizeata Sivett.
form swetti B. & McD.

5 nubilofasciata Pack.

Ibanavahrata Strkr.
form raptata Sivett.
form cupidata Sivctt.
form cumulata Sivett.
form vulnerata Sxvett.
form sparsimacula Hist.
?a scalata JVarr.

6 manzanita Tayl.

7 tuoluinne B. & McD.

8 exculpata B. & McD.
form tribulata B. & McD.

9 henshawi Swett.
10. Shasta B. 6- McD.
11 irata Swctt.

form niveifascia Swctt.
** 12 frigidata Wlk.

form manitoba B. &McD.

13 transfigurata Swett.

14 perfracta Swett.

a exasperata B. & McD.

15 marinata B. ^ A/r£>.

16 arizonata B. & McD.

17 obliquilinea B. & McD.

18 marmorata B. & McD.

19 sierrae B. & McD.

20 pluviata Gn.

divisaria Wlk.

38

21

remiiiciata JVlk.

a columbiata Tayl.

form pernigrata B. & McD

22

crokeri Swett.

23

miiscata B. & McD.

24

calif orniata Pack.

*** 25

bistriolata Zell.

a modestata B. & McD.

26

chiricahuata Swett.

27

ruberata Frey.

form variegata Front.

a nevadae B. & McD.

28

furculoides B. & McD.

29

glaucata Fack.

30

edenata Szvett.

a olivata fVgt.

form pallidata H'gt.

b grandis B. & McD.

31

speciosata Fack.

form agassizi Swett.

form taylori Swett.

form ameliata Swett.

a morosata B. & McD.

32

barnesata Sivett.

33

regulata Fears.

34

similaris Hist.

glcmvoodata Swett.

a terminipunctata B. & McD.

35

cyriades Druce.

36

mediodentata B. & McD.

37

costipunctata B. & McD.

38

magnificata Tayl.

40

Fig.

1.

Fig,

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fig.

10.

Fig.

11.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13.

Fig.

14.

Fig.

IS.

PLATE I

H. furcata T/nm. S Duncans, Vane. Is., B. C.

H. furcata Tliun. 9 Wellington, B. C.

H. furcata TIntn. (dark form) i Duncans, Vane. Is., B. C,

H. furcata Tliiiii. $ Hymers, Ont.

H. furcata Thtin. $ Calgary, Alta.

H. furcata Thun. (dark form) $ Shasta Retreat. Siskiyou Co..

Calif.
H. quinquefasciata Pack. $ Victoria, B. C.
H. quinquefasciata Pack. 9 Victoria, B. C.
H. quinquefasciata form viridata Pack. $ Victoria, B. C.
H. albifasciata Pack. $ San Gabriel Mts., Calif.
H. albifasciata form puncticaudata B. & McD. S , Paratype

Sonoma Co., Calif.
H. albifasciata victoria B. & McD. <J , Type Victoria, B. C.
H. albifasciata reflata Grt. $ Palmerlee, .\riz.
H. albifasciata reflata Grt. (banded form) i Palmerlee, Ariz.
H. albifasciata victoria B. & McD. 5i Paratype Victoria, B. C.

Plate I

(Sf>^

^TOft^

tk.^'f

k^.

i J

N^

^-. » -^

%|i%i5i(;ss.w

1

42

Fig,

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fig.

10.

Fig.

11.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13.

Fig.

14.

Fig.

15.

PLATE II

H. cochizeata Swett S Palmerlee, Ariz.

H. cochizeata Swett 9 Palmerlee, Ariz.

H. cochizeata form swetti B. & McD. $ , Type Palmerlee, Ariz.

H. nubilofasciata Pack. S Sonoma Co., Calif.

H. nubilofasciata Pack. 9 Sonoma Co., Calif.

H. nubilofasciata form cumulata Swett $ San Gabriel Mts , Calif.

H. nubilofasciata form vulnerata Swett S Oakland, Calif.

H. nubilofasciata form vulnerata Swett 9 Sonoma Co., Calif.

H. henshawi Swett $ Deer Park, Placer Co., Calif.

H. manzanita Tayl. 3 Duncans, Vane. Is., B. C.

H. manzanita Tayl. 9 Duncans, Vane. Is., B. C.

H. irata Swett S Victoria, B. C.

H. tuolumne B. & McD. S, Paratype S. Bernardino Mts., Calif.

H. tuolumne B. & McD. 9, Type Tuolumne Meadows, Calif.

H. irata Swett 9 Wellington, B. C.

Platk II

%

Kj^.

<?S4

- %'

^i^{|f

m^^ ^%

^^^^^

%%^

.^

;r

-*j^.

..y-.J

'^JT

s^ ■ V

44

PLATE III

Fig. 1, H. exculpata B. &■ McD. $, Type Ketchikan, Alaska.

Fig. 2. H. exculpata B. & McD. 9, Type Ketchikan, Alaska.

Fig. 3. H. exculpata form tribulata B. & McD. $, Type Ketchikan,

Alaska.

Fig. 4. H. Shasta B. & McD. $, Type Mt. Shasta, Calif.

Fig. 5. H. edenata Swell (?) S Sonoma Co., Calif.

Fig. 6. H. edenata Swett (?) S Sonoma Co., Calif.

Fig. 7. H. edenata Swett (?) 9 Sonoma Co., Calif.

Fig. 8. H. edenata Swett S Monterey Co., Calif.

Fig. 9. H. edenata grandis B. & McD. 9, Type Victoria, B. C.

Fig. 10. H. arizonata B. & McD. $, Type Palmerlee, Ariz.

Fig. 11. H. obliquilinea B. & McD. 9 Type Vineyard, Utah.

Fig. 12. H. frigidata Wlk. 5 Decatur, 111.

Fig. 13. H. frigidata manitoba B. & McD. $, Type Cartwright, Man.

Fig. 14. H. frigidata manitoba B. & McD. 9, Type Cartwright, Man.

Fig. 15. H. transfigurata Swett S, Paratype Cohasset, Mass.

I'LATK III

^.iC%^

^ii^^ivSg

-^

y^

fr')

u.

W|«r

.--J^
W

v-ja%^C^

w

i

•^^

46

PLATE IV

Fig. 1. H. perfracta Swett $ Calgary, Alta.

Fig. 2. H. perfracta exasperata B. &■ McD. $ , Type Departure Bay,

Vane. Is., B. C.
Fig. 3. H. marmorata B. & McD. S. Type (Col). Am. Mus.) Sierra

Nevada Mts., Calif.
Fig. 4. H. sierrae B. & McD. S, Type Shasta Retreat, Siskiyou Co.,

Calif.
Fig. 5. H. sierrae B. & McD. 9 , Type Shasta Retreat, Siskiyou Co.,

Calif.
Fig. 6. H. irata jorm niveifascia Swell $, Type (Coll. Swett) Vane. Is.,

B. C.
H. pluviata Gn. $ Catskill Mts., N.Y.
H. pluviata Gn. 9 Catskill Mts., N.Y.
H. museata B. & McD. $, Type Sonoma Co., Calif.
H. renuneiata Wlk. S Bretton Woods, N. H.
H. renuneiata Wlk. 9 Bretton Woods, N. H.
H. eolumbiata form pernigrata S , Type Glacier Park, Mont.
H. renuneiata eolumbiata Tayl. S , Type Wellington, B. C.
H. renuneiata eolumbiata Tayl. 9 Ketehikan, Alaska.
H. erokeri Swett 9 Victoria, B. C.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fig.

10.

Fig.

11.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13.

Fig.

14.

Fig.

15.

1 Vatic I\'

%

'f

'"^Mi^^

^^. .-^:

^^j

^ ,?'■

liW?r^

% ■

??«^

V/>-^-vt'

■r

48

PLATE V

Fig. 1. H. calif orniata Pack. S Wellington, B. C.

Fig. 2. H. californiata Pack. 9 Duncans, Vane. Is., B. C.

Fig. 3. H. bistriolata Zell. $ Decatur, III.

Fig. 4. H. bistriolata modestata B. & McD. 9, Type Glenwood Spgs.,

Colo.

Fig. 5. H. chiricahuata Swett S Palmerlee, Ariz.

Fig. 6. H. ruberata nevadae B. & McD. $ , Type Verdi, Nev,

Fig. 7. H. ruberata Prey. S Cartwright, Man.

Fig. 8. H. ruberata Prey, (dull form) S Meach Lake, Que.

Fig. 9. H. ruberata nevadae B. & McD. 9 Paratype Verdi, Nev.

Fig. 10. H. barnesata Swett S Paradise, Ariz.

Fig. 11. H. speciosata Pack. S Wellington, B. C.

Fig. 12. H. speciosata form taylori Swett $ Departure Bay, B. C.

Fig. 13. H. speciosata morosata B. & McD. $, Type Redington, Ariz.

Fig. 14. H. speciosata morosata B. & McD. 9, Type Redington, Ariz.

Fig. IS. H. furculoides B. <S- MfZ). $, Type Redington, Ariz.

Pr.ATE \'

%i^ I -^

7

feS^^

Vj;^,

l^>.

4^^^Mt^^

.-Ir

50

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

s.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fig.

10.

Fig.

11.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13.

Fig.

14.

Fig.

15.

Fig.

16.

PLATE VI

H. similis Hist. £ Jemez Spgs., N. M.
H. similis Hist. 9 Jemez Spgs., N. M.
H. niediodeiitata B. & McD. S Palmerlee, Ariz.
H. glaiicata Pack. 9 San Gabriel Mts., Calif.

H. edenata olivata U'gt. S, Cotype (Coll. Swett) San Diego, Calif.
H. marinata B. & McD. 3, Type Verdi, Nev.
H. olivata forw pallidata IVqt. 3 , Cotype (Coll. Swett) San Diego,

Calif.
H. cyriades Druce S Tucson, Ariz.
H. magnificata Tayl. S Palmerlee, Ariz.
H. quinquef asciata Pack. 9 , Type (Coll. Camb. Mus. Comp.

Anat.)
H. viridata Pack. 9. Type (Coll. Camb. Mius. Comp. Anat.)
H. henshawi Sivctt 9, Type (Coll. Camb. Mus. Comp. Anat.)
H. perfracta Swell. $, Type (Coll. Camb. Mus. Comp. Anat.)
H. edenata Szwtt 9, Type (Coll. Camb. Mus. Comp. Anat.)
H. regulata Pears. 9, Type (Coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.)
H. divisaria H7*. 5 , Type (Coll. Ont. Agr. Coll. Guelph)

Plate "V^l

if^'f

^^cv.^.^

m«

V

Ti

52

PLATE VII

Fig. 1. Male Genitalia of H. /«rfa/a. Thun. Wellington, B. C.

Fig. 2. Male Genitalia of H. viridata Pack. Victoria, B. C.

Fig. 3. Male Genitalia of H. albifasciata victoria B. & McD. Victoria, B. C.

Fig. 4. Male Genitalia of H. albifasciata reflata Grt. Palmerlee, Ariz.

Fig. 5. Male Genitalia of H. cochiseala Swett Palmerlee, Ariz.

Fig. 6. Male Genitalia of H. nubilofasciata Pack. Sonoma Co., Calif.

Plate VTI

54

PLATE VIII

Fig. 1. Male Genitalia of H. mamaiiita Tayl. Vane. Is., B. C.

Fig 2 Male Genitalia of H. tuolumne B. & McD. Tuolumne Meadows,

Calif.
Fig. 3. Male Genitalia of //. exculpata B. & McD. Ketchikan, Alaska.
Fig. 4. Male Genitalia of H. irala Szvetl Victoria, B. C.
Fig. 5. Male Genitalia of H. frigidata Wlk. New Brighton, Pa.
FiK 6 Male Genitalia of H. perfracta exasperata B. & McD. Wellington,

B. C.
FiK 7 Male Genitalia of H. marmorala B. & McD. Sierra Nevada Mts.,

Calif.
Fig. 8. Male Genitalia of H. sierrae B. & McD. Cisco, Placer Co., Calif.

IVatk \'I1I

56

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

PLATE IX

Male Genitalia of H. phtviata Gn. Catskill Mts., N. Y.

Male Genitalia of H. renunciata IVtk. Hymers, Ont.

Male Genitalia of H. crokeri Swett Vane. Is., B. C.

Male Genitalia of H. muscata B. & McD. Sonoma Co., Calif.

Male Genitalia of H. bistriolata modestata B. & McD. Glenwood

Spgs.. Colo.
Male Genitalia of H. ruberata Frey. Cartwright, Man.
Male Genitalia of H. ruberata nevadae B. & McD. Cisco, Placer Co.,

Calif.

Plate IX

58

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

PLATE X

Male Genitalia of H. cdenata Swett. Sonoma Co., Calif.
Male Genitalia of H. calif orniata Pack. Vane. Is., B. C.
Male Genitalia of H. si'cciosata Pack. Vane Is., B. C.
Male Genitalia of H. similis Hist. Jemez Spgs., N. M.
Male Genitalia of H. boniesala Swett. White Mts., Ariz.

ri.ATi: x

INDEX

Page

abacta Hist 11

albifasciata Pack 10

arizonata B. & McD 20

autumnalis Strom 2■^

banavahrata Stkr 12

barnesata SwctI 34

bistriolata Zcll 28

californiata Paik 26

chiricahiiata Swcft 20, 29

cochizeata Swctt 11

coenilata Fabr 24

columbiata Tayl 25

costipunctata B. & McD 36

crokeri Szvelt 26

cyriades Druce 35

divisaria Wlk 24

edenata Swett 31

exasperata B. & McD 19

exculpata B. S- McD 14

frigidata IVlk 17

furcata Thiiii 7

furculoides B. & McD 3.^

fiiscoundata Don 8

glaucata Pack 31

glenwoodata Swctt 35

grandis B. & McD 33

henshawi Swell IS

irata Swett 16

magnificata Tayl 36

manitoba B, & McD 17

manzanita Tayl 12

marinata B. &■ McD 19

niarmorata B. &r McD 22

mediodentata B. &■ McD 36

modestata B. & McD 29

Page

morosata B. & McD 34

muscata B. & McD 26

nevadae B. & McD 30

nivei fascia Swett 16

nubilofasciata Pack 12

obliquilinea B. & McD 21

obscura Peyer 8

olivata Wc)t 32

pallidata Wgt 32

perf racta Swett 18

periclata Szvett 8

pernigrata B. & McD 25

pluviata Gn 24

puncticaudata B. & McD 11

i|iiinqiiefasciata Pack 8

reflata Grt 11

regulata Pears 35

reminciata Wlk 25

resecta Swett 10

riiberata Prey 29

Shasta B. & McD 15

sierrae B. S- McD 23

similaris Hist 35

sordidata Fabr 8

speciosata Pack 34

swetti B. & McD 12

taylori Swett 34

terminipunctata B. &• McD 35

transfigurata Swett 17

tribulata B. & McD 14

tuolumne B. &■ McD 13

variegata Prout 29

victoria B. & McD 11

viridata Pack 9

CONTRIBUTIONS

TO THE

NATURAL HISTORY

OF THE

LEPIDOPTERA

OF

NORTH AMERICA

VOL. IV
No. 2

NOTES .'^^Ti^ NEW SPECIES

BY

WILLIAM BARNES, S. B., M. D.

AND

J. H. McDUNNOUGH, Ph. D.

DECATUR. ILL.

THE REVIEW PRESS

MAT IS. 1918

Published

Under the Patronage

of

Miss Jessie D. Gillett

Elkhart, 111.

61

NOTES AND NEW SPECIES

PAPILIONIDAE

Papilio troilus ilioneus a. & S.

A study of Abbot's figures of this species (1797, Lep. Ins. Ga.
PI. II) inclines us to the belief that the specimen figured in the upper
left-hand corner on which the text practically bases the name ilioncns
is that of the southern race to which the name texanus Ehr. has been
generally applied. We would call attention to the large marginal spots
extending to the costa of primaries and preceded by a partial row of
yellow spots and also to the broad extent of the greenish area on sec-
ondaries both of which features are characteristics of the southern
race. The description of troilus apparently applies to the northern
form and certainly Cramer's figure (Pap. Exot., Ill, pi. 207, B. C.)
does, so that by using the name troilus for this northern form the name
ilioneus A. & S. becomes applicable for the southern race with texanus
Ehr. as a synonym.

Parnassius clodius Men.

The synonymy of this species must be changed somewhat from
the conception given in our Check List. Mcnetricsi Hy. Edw. has
been listed by both Dyar and Skinner as published in 1878; the species
was published in Pac. Coast Lep. No. 22 with the date of Dec. 18th,
1876; as these articles were issued as separates before the completion
of the whole volume of the Proc. Calif. Acad, of Science {z'idc Strecker,
Cat. Lep. N. Am., 1878, p. 225) it is reasonable to suppose that No. 22
appeared early in 1877 at least a month or so before the publication
of W. H. Edwards' Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera which prob-
ably did not appear much before April, 1877, as it is reviewed in the
Can. Ent. for May of that year. On page 12 of this catalogue Edwards
lists menetriesi Hy. Edw. and later in the work mentions several others
of Hy. Edwards' new species from the same paper so that it is evident
that the article in question was known to him before the issuing of his
Catalogue. The name baldur proposed by him in this catalogue for the
figures 1-4 of Plate IV, Vol. I of his Butterflies of N. America is
therefore antedated by mcnetricsi Hy. Edw. According to the descrip-
tion the name menetriesi is based on specimens in which both sexes

62

are very similar in inaculation ; the type localities mentioned are several
places in the general vicinity of Lake Tahoe, Calif. (Edw., Behr) and
Mt. Nebo, Utah (Putnam); judging by series before us the Utah
form is more or less constant, i. e. S 's and 9 's closely resemble
each other, but in the Sierra Nevadas of California it is only rarely
that we find a 9 which is not much more heavily marked than the
S ; for this reason we would restrict the name mcnctricsi Hy. Edw.
to the 9 from Utah, this type, ex Coll. Am. Mus., being figured by
Skinner in Ent. News XXVII, p. 216, PI. XII, Fig. 3. If this be done
the name baldur Edw. with lusca Stichel as a synonym will be appli-
cable to the Sierra Nevada race of smaller size than typical clodius
and with reduced ocelli on the secondaries ; Edwards' figure 2 is exactly
the same thing as lusca Stichel, having the lower ocellus reduced to a
black dot.

The synonymy will then stand
clodius Men. Coast Range of Calif.

a claudianus Stichel Wash. ; Vane. Is.

ab. altaurus Dyar Idaho

/' gallatinus St'ich. Mont.

(• baldur Edw. Sierra Nevadas, Calif.

lusca Stich.
ab. lorquini Obcrth.
d menetriesi Hy. Edw. Utah.

ab. immaculata Skin.
The race gallatinus Stich., is imknown to us ; it is based on the
S and 9 figures of clodius in Elrod's Butterflies of Montana (p. 16,
fig. 15) and differs in having in the S sex the spot on inner margin
of primaries joined to the costal spots by a black band; this is prob-
ably an individual aberration, the form otherwise being intermediate
between claudianus and menetriesi.

63

PIERIDAE

PlERIS NAPI FRIGIDA Scild.

In our Contributions Vol. Ill, p. 58, we referred to this race
as the spring form of acadica Edw. and figured our conception of fri-
gida on PI. VII, Figs. 1, 2. This identification was based on two Lab-
rador specimens in the Scudder Collection, evidently the 2 $'s men-
tioned by W. H. Edwards in his article on P. napi (1881, Pap. I, pp.
92/3) and with which our figured specimen (fig. 1) agreed exactly.

A recent visit to Cambridge, combined with a careful study of
Scudder's original description and the discovery in the main collection
of a specimen under the name frigida labelled "Labrador, Packard",
has led us to the conviction that the 2 5 's in the Scudder collection
cannot be considered as types or as even typical of frigida.

Scudder's original description was drawn up ostensibly from 2
S 's and 2 9 's collected on Caribou Is. Straits of Belle Isle by Prof.
A. S. Packard ; it is therefore reasonable to suppose that the specimen
labelled "Labrador, Packard" in the main Cambridge Collection is
at least one of the type lot, especially as it agrees far better with Scud-
der's rather vague description than do the 2 cj 's in the Scudder col-
lection which further show no evidence on the label of having been
received from Packard. This Packard specimen is labelled $ but
seemed to us to be a 9 although the abdomen is so badly crushed
that with a low power lens (the only one available) it was impossible
to definitely determine the sex.

A study of the original description has shown several points of
discrepancy between the text and the so-called frigida specimens of
the Scudder collection ; in the first place the under surface of the
wings is given as "dirty-white, tinted with very pale greenish yellow"
whereas Scudder's S 's and our series from Newfoundland show a
rather brilliant yellow coloration on secondaries and at apex of pri-
maries ; they further show on upper side of primaries considerable
apical dark suffusion, (usually more so than in our figured $ ) and
the 9 's have the two subterminal round spots of primaries fairly
well developed ; none of these latter points are mentioned in the descrip-
tion and indeed the fact that Scudder compares frigida to olcracea

64

would presuppose tlie absence of these characters unless specially men-
tioned.

Packard's Labrador ? on the other hand bears out excellently
the characters given by Scudder ; the underside is worn but is, as
stated, dirty white with a yellowish tinge; we imagine fresher speci-
mens will show a coloration much as in typical olcracca. The bases of
the wings above are heavily black-shaded, the veins are also partially
outlined in black at outer margin and there is considerable smoky
suffusion on the wing causing that "green appearance" mentioned
by Scudder and suggesting a bryoniac form without the two black
subterminal round spots. Scudder lays a good deal of stress in his
description on wing-shape of secondaries as compared with olcracea
and the fact that the black costal edge of primaries extends in frigida
further around the outer margin but we must confess these are points
of which we can make nothing from a specific standpoint.

In the light of the above remarks we believe we are justified in
accepting the single 9 labelled "Labrador, Packard" as a type (or
at least as typical) of frigida Scud., the other three original specimens
having apparently vanished from Scudder's ken before 1881 and been
replaced by the 2 S's mentioned by him to Mr. W. H. Edwards on
this date (Pap. L P- 93) which seemingly also served for the errone-
ous description of frigida given in the Butt. New Eng. Vol. H, p. 1193.

The acceptance of this type of frigida will somewhat alter the con-
ception of the race and make it much closer to olcracea Harr. and
pscudonapi B. & McD. with possibly borealis Grt. as a synonym. We
must await material from Labrador before definitely placing it but
would note that Verity's figure (Rhop. Pal. PI. XXXH, Fig. 8) prob-
ably approaches the true frigida very closely, although the secondaries
in this figure appear rather too yellow ; in the light of this figure we
believe his remarks on p. 333 to be entirely correct.

PlERIS NAPI MARGINALIS Scud.

The original description of this race calls for a S type from the
Gulf of Georgia and a 2 specimen from Crescent City, Calif., stat-
ing that "males and females are alike in their markings." These speci-
mens, collected by Prof. Agassiz, are in the Cambridge Museum; the
so-called 9 from Crescent City proves to be a $ which accounts
for the extraordinary statement as to the similarity of the sexes; the
($ is simply labelled "Washington Terr., Agassiz" and was presum-

65

ably taken at Port Townsend, at which locality Agassiz collected most
of his material labelled "Gulf of Georgia." These two types bear
out completely our remarks on the race in our Contributions Vol. Ill
(2) p. 58 and make it a mystery how Scudder could ever have later
referred the form to rapae. Our remarks on pallida Scud, in the same
article are also substantiated by the types which still exist in the Cam-
bridge Museum.

For some reason or other ibcridis Bdv. (1869, Lep. Cal. p. 39) has
been omitted from all our recent catalogues and lists; the 9 type is
figured by Verity (Rhop. Pal. PI. XXXII, Fig. 43) and proves the
species to be an exact synonym of castoria Reak. Rcscdac Bdv. at
present listed as a further synonym was based on a yellowish-colored
specimen stated by Boisduval to be a 9 but figured by Verity as a 5
(1. c. PI. XXXIII, fig. 3) ; we believe the name should supplant flava
Edw., based on a yellowish 9 of pallida from Washington State ; the
difference between the forms pallida from northern Washington and
B. C. and castoria from Middle California, consisting as it does in the
presence of a dark subterminal spot on primaries in the $ of the
latter race, is so slight and apparently so inconstant that we believe
one name for the yellow form of both these so-called races will suffice ;
this yellow form also, we might note, occurs in the spring races, niar-
ginalis and I'ciiosa.

EURYMUS OCCIDENTALIS Scud.

This species has caused entomologists a good deal of perplexity ;
it was originally described (1861, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. p. 109) from
2 S , 3 9 , Gulf of Georgia (Agassiz) ; Fort Simpson, British Amer-
ica (W. H. Edwards). Hagen later (1882, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. p.
164) gives further details concerning these types and we find that of
the five original specimens 1 $ and 2 9 collected by Agassiz near
Port Townsend, Wash., on the Gulf of Georgia (thus giving a definite
locality for Agassiz's material labelled "Gulf of Georgia") were in
the Cambridge Museum and that the other S and 9 from Fort
Simpson were presumably in the W. H. Edwards' Collection. We
have recently examined the types in Cambridge and concur absolutely
with Dr. Hagen (1. c. p. 164) in referring the 9 's to the white form
of curytheme Bdv. ; the single $ specimen comes extremely close to
a specimen of chrysomclas Hy. Edw. from California labelled by Ed-
wards himself and presumably the specimen referred to by Hagen on

66

p. 170 of his article; it agrees in size, width of dark border, and the
fact that the dark sufifusion on secondaries extends over a considerable
portion of the wing. Henry Edwards, basing his knowledge of occi-
dentalis Scud, on the types in the W. H. Edwards' Collection from
Mackenzie River, {vide Pac. Coast Lep. p. 125) considered chrys-
ontelas a distinct species; just what species these Edwards' specimens
represent it is hard to say and we have no further note on the speci-
mens except that they exist at Pittsburg in the Carnegie Museum; if
however Edwards' figures of occidentalis (Butt. N. Am. I. Colias, VII,
figs. 1-4) are drawn up from these types then they certainly, as Hagen
says (1. c. p. 165) represent something quite different from the S
type in Cambridge and do not agree well with Scudder's original
description, notably in the small amount of black suffusion on sec-
ondaries of $ ; Scudder distinctly states that "grayish scales are
scattered over nearly the whole wing, more profuse at base" ; the
interior margin of the black terminal band also does not coincide
with Scudder's figure (1. c. p. 107) nor is the color of the underside
of secondaries deep enough yellow ; judging from the mere figures
we should suggest that Edwards' $ occidentalis comes very close
to some Calgary specimens of interior before us whilst his 9 is prob-
ably referable to a yellow form of Christina Edw. In view of the dis-
crepancies which exist between Edwards' figures of occidentalis (pre-
sumably based on his knowledge of the species from his Mackenzie
river types) and the original description we believe we are justified
in restricting the type of this species to the $ specimen in Cambridge
from Port Townsend, Gulf of Georgia (Agassiz) which fully agrees
with Scudder's diagnosis ; the exact relationship between occidentalis
and chrysoniclas will have to be left for discussion until such a time
as good series of occidentalis in both sexes are available from Port
Townsend ; we might note that the Vancouver Is. form which we have
been inclined to associate with this name (1916, Contr. Ill, (2) pp. 67,
68) is slightly smaller than Scudder's type but otherwise close in gen-
eral maculation and habitus.

EURYMUS INTERIOR Scud.

Dr. Hagen has already given full details regarding the types of
this species (1. c. p. 159) ; the type at Cambridge is labelled "Rapids
of Saskatchewan" and other specimens bear the label "Portage." The

67

types of latirentina from Cape Breton Is. (Thaxter), also in the Cam-
bridge Museum, are considerably smaller than those of interior and
show a rather broader black border ; they appear to represent a slightly
modified racial form of interior.

EUREMA LISA Bdv. & LcC.

In Dyar's list and in our own Check List, following Godman and
Salvin (Biol. Cent. Am. Rhop., II, 162), this species has been made
a synonym of eutcrpe Men. (1832, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 199) ;
this is probably due to the fact that these authors have accepted the
date of the title page (1833) of the Lep. Am. Sept. as that of the whole
work whereas this work was issued in parts commencing in 1829
{vide Hagen. Bibl. Ent. p. 64). Scudder in the introduction to his
Historical Sketch (p. 98) states that he has taken the dates of those
of Boisduval's works which appeared in "livraisons" from the official
literary bulletin published at that time in Paris and that they can be
relied on for accuracy; as he gives the date of the genus Xaiithidia
as 1829-30 and also mentions the genus Callidryas (which appeared a
number of pages later) under the same date we may conclude that
the name lisa (Lep. Am. Sept. p. 55) dates at the latest from 1830 and
therefore has priority over euterpe Men.

68

SATYRIDAE

Genus Oeneis.

Our grouping of the species of this genus in our Check List
was more or less tentative, especially in the oeno-semidea group; in
general we adhered to W. H. Edwards' arrangement as expressed in
J. B. Smith's list of 1903, but we felt that considerable study was
necessary before arriving at any definite conclusion. Recently we have
worked over the S genitalia of the above mentioned group, in con-
nection with a careful study of Elwes and Edwards' most excellent
revision of the genus (1893, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. IV, 457) and
are glad to be able to state that our own dissections fully agree with
the figures of the $ claspers given in the above work.

The species which has caused the most trouble to identify cor-
rectly is oeno Bdv., described apparently from Russian Lapland in the
Icones (1833, p. 196, PI. 39, Figs. 4-6) although specimens from Siberia
and Labrador are also mentioned ; Moeschler, ( 1863, Wien, Ent. Mon.
VII, 201), Scudder (1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. V, 13) and Edwards
(Butt. N. Am. Ill, Chionobas, VII) have all treated this species in great
detail and all have expressed different opinions as to its identity ; Elwes
has omitted the species in his paper as unknown to him as he states
later (1894, Can. Ent. XXVI, 133). After a careful study of Bois-
duval's figures and text we have concluded that Scudder's determina-
tion satisfies the requirements best and propose adopting it until an
examination of Boisduval's type specimens (which should be in the
Oberthur collection) is possible; according to this identification ocno
Bdv. takes priority over crambis Freyer. Elwes, after a study of the
type specimens and their genital structure makes subhyalina Curt, and
assimiiis Butl. also synonymous with crambis which very unjustly calls
down the wrath of W. H. Edwards (1894, C. Ent. XXVI, 55) who
refuses to accept the evidence of the genitalia as of any value and
casts doubts on the authenticity of the type specimen of subhyalina
ex Coll. Oberthur. In both this paper and in Volume III of his But-
terflies of N. Am. (Chionobas VII) Edwards very emphatically asso-
ciates oeno and assimiiis with a Colorado form which Elwes had al-
ready shown to be quite distinct in genitalia from the types of assimiiis
and subhyalina and very closely approached to seniidea. We can see

69

no adequate reason, after summing up the evidence on both sides, for
not accepting Ehves and Edwards' reference and this course has seem-
ingly been followed by Seitz's Macrolepidoptera of the World in both
the Palaearctic and Nearctic volumes. On the face of it oeno Bdv.
(1832-33) would seem to have the priority; Scudder (Hist. Sketch,
140) gives the date of publication for the genus Chionobas (proposed
in the Icones) as probably late in 1832; subhyalina Curt, was published
in 1835 and the other names much later. Whether typical oeno and
crambis (Northern European forms) occur in this country we do not
know ; the common form in Labrador is that figured by Edwards as
crambis (Butt. Ill, Chionobas VI) ; for the present until good series
of Arctic material are available we would list the species as follows :

oeno Bdv.

crambis Frey.

a subhyalina Curt.

b assimilis Butl.

Katalidin Newc. from Maine is very closely related to the Lab-
rador oeno in genitalia and will probably prove to be a race of this
species; peartiae Edw. (if our identification of a single specimen from
the Arctic Coast Plains in Coll. Barnes be correct) is also very close
in the shape of the claspers but the underside of the primaries is much
darker than in oeno and it may be kept separate until more material is
available.

Brucei Edw. also belongs in this group but the apical portion of
the clasper is more slender than in either katalidin or oeno.

Semidea Say and beani Ehves belong to a group distinct from
the oeno group and with them must be associated the Colorado form
figured by Edwards erroneously as oeno (Butt. Ill Chionobas, PI.
VII, Figs. 1-4) which Elwes shows (1. c. PI. XV, Fig. 9) to have a form
of clasper closely related to that of semidea but with fewer and larger
teeth on the apical dorsal portion; as this character is quite constant
in a long series before us we see no reason for not regarding it as of
specific value especially as the form is easily separated from semidea
by the general yellower appearance of the underside. As there is
apparently no name available we describe the species as follows :

Oeneis lucilla sp. nov. (PL XI, Figs. 16-18).

Palpi black, fringed with white on dorsal side ; antenna! knob ruddy brown ;
upper side of wings dull immaculate brown in $ with faint traces of a broad

70

diffuse sex mark in and below the cell of primaries and with the maculation of
underside of secondaries more or less visible above; in ? often tinged with
yellowish with an occasional blind ocellus in the interspace between veins 5 and
6; fringes white, checkered with brown. Beneath primaries in $ slightly paler
than above, marbled with whitish toward apex and often with a small white-
centered ocellus subterminally between veins 5 and 6 which in the 9 is followed
at times by similar ocelli in the interspaces between veins 2 and 3, and 3 and 4;
the 9 usually also shows a distinct yellowish tinge over the whole underside
of the wings ; secondaries heavily marbled with blackish intermingled slightly
with whitish streaks much as in semidca but considerably paler and yellower;
the black curved median band is generally almost lost in the heavy striations
but its outer edge is faintly defined by the paler subterminal shading; a small
anal ocellus is often present preceded by a curved row of small obsolescent
ochreous spots; terminal diffuse dark patches mingled with whitish; fringes
checkered. Expanse 41 mm.

Habitat: Hall Valley, Colo. (July). 6 3,6 9. Types, Coll. Barnes.

Daura Stkr. (not dauria as generally listed) is only known by the
single 9 type specimen from Arizona in the Field Museum, Chicago ;
it should probably be associated with chryxus but until a series is avail-
able its status is problematic.

We figure the S genitalia of the various species involved in the
above notes as far as possible on Plate XXV.

71

NYMPHALIDAE

Brenthis HELENA iNGENS vaf. nov. (PI. XI, Figs 5, 6).

In the Yellowstone Park there occurs a race of Helena disting-
uished by its large size from the typical Colorado form (PI. XI, Fig.
7) ; this latter averages 38 mm. wing expanse whilst the present form
exceeds 40 mm. ; on the underside the basal area of secondaries is a
distinct leathery brown color without any purplish shades, the basal
and median rows of spots show no trace of silver, being pale yellow
and in the latter row the spot opposite the cell is generally much less
prolonged distally than we usually find in the nimotypical form; the
spot between veins 1 and 2 shows also strong tendency to be cut com-
pletely in two by the black defining lines ; the marginal spots are large
and faintly silvered. Our type series consists of 4 5 's and 6 5 's, two
of the latter from Sheridan, Idaho; three of the Paratypes are in the
Collection of Prof. E. T. Owen of Madison, Wis.

EUPHYDRYAS MAGDALENA Sp. nOV. (PI. XI, FigS. 1-4).

$ Primaries black; cell with a yellow triangular spot at base, another,
large, quadrate in middle and three conjoined ones at the distal end, all bor-
dered with black and separated from each other by leathery brown spots ; beyond
the cell is a curved row of leathery brown spots, the costal one being narrow
and yellow and preceding this row on inner margin is a large quadrate yellow
spot; a curved subterminal row of round yellow spots, well separated from each
other and from the other rows by the black ground color; two terminal rows
of small leathery brown spots, the inner one lunulate and more or less tinged
with yellow. Secondaries with three postmedian rows of spots, the middle one
being largely yellow, the other two leathery brown; a median row of yellow
oblong spots considerably tinged with brown and separated from a yellow patch
at end of cell by a leathery brown area which at times extends upward to costa ;
a yellow spot near base of cell and another above anal margin ; fringes check-
ered. Beneath primaries leathery brown, the yellow spots in cell of upper side
only faintly repeated but the defining black lines distinct; two subterminal
rows of large pale yellow lunules separated from each other by a heavy black
line extend across the apical half of wing, bordered inwardly and outwardly
by black lines; below vein 3 they become indistinct and more or less lost in
the reddish brown ground color; secondaries with the usual subbasal and
median rows of spots which are pale yellow, heavily black-bordered and more
or less connected by a yellow discal patch ; a row of large submarginal lunules
bordered heavily with black and preceded by round spots of a leathery brown

7^

color more or less surrounded by pale yellow; terminal and basal areas leathery
brown the latter shaded with yellow.

2 . Similar to $ in maculation but rather paler and showing a tendency
for all the rows of spots on secondaries above to become brown. Expanse $
32 mm. ; $ 36 mm.

Habitat: White Mts., Ariz. 6 $,6 9. Types, Coll. Barnes.

The species belongs in the anicia-maria group and may prove to
be a race of either one of these forms ; from anicia it is easily sepa-
rated by the much paler shade of the underside ground-color which
lacks all the red tints ; from both forms it differs in the sharply defined
and black-bordered submarginal lunules on primaries above vein 3 ;
the secondaries show a very clean-cut maculation of a decided check-
er-board pattern, due to the sharp black defining lines of the various
bands. There is considerable variation in the color and distinctness
of the red and yellow bands of upperside as is usual in this group; a
rather larger and brighter colored form of what is seemingly this
species, approaching very close to maria on the upper side, occurs in
the vicinity of Pagosa Springs, Colo., but further study of more mate-
rial and especially of life-histories will be necessary before the range
of each species can be determined or indeed before we can tell whether
we are dealing with good species or mere races ; for the present we
are content to differentiate the form magdalena which is readily rec-
ognizable and, to judge by about forty specimens before us, runs quite
true to type, at least in its type locality.

Melitaea hoffmanni segregata var. nov. (PI. XI, Figs. 8-10).

Typical hoffmanni as figured by Holland, Butt. Book PI. 17, Fig.
13, is distinguished by the post-discal area on primaries being largely
pale orange with the three bands of spots ill-defined and not well sepa-
rated by black lines; on the secondaries the three bands of orange
spots are large and distinct, the inner one being pale yellowish and
composed of large oblong spots, especially in the 9 {'■idc PI. XI,
Figs. 11, 12).

In a series of specimens from Crater Lake, Oregon, we note a
decided deepening of the orange color, combined with an extension
of the extradiscal black areas, the bands of spots being better defined
on the primaries, especially in the 9 , on the secondaries the middle
row of the three extradiscal rows tends toward obsolescence and the
inner one is reduced in size. On the under side of secondaries the

73

black edging to the rows of spots is very heavy and black spots are
usually visible in the submarginal orange row much as in palla. Occa-
sional specimens approach the typical form in maculation but the nor-
mal form in this region is the dark one which seems worthy of the
racial name we have proposed above ; our types are 6 S's and 4 9 's
from Crater Lake, Oregon, 6500 ft. (July 24-31).

Melitaea flavula sp. nov. (PI. XI, Figs. 14, 15).

We have had in the collection for a long time a series of a Melitaea
from the Rocky Mt. region which has perplexed us greatly to place
correctly and seemingly has caused others an equal amount of trouble
as it has come to us labelled acastus, palla and even gabbi; from the
typical form of all these species it differs and would seem to be inter-
mediate between acastus and palla, approaching very close to the Colo-
rado form of the latter species. Acastus (PI. XI, Fig. 13) is a large
species, rather pale orange-brown on the upper side and especially
characterized by the pale creamy, almost white banding on the under-
side of secondaries with a light leathery-brown basal area and heavy
black border lines; typical palla from California is deep reddish-brown
on the upper side, intermingled with a considerable amount of black ;
on the underside the secondaries have the banding very pale yellow
with very deep leathery brown basal area and rather heavy black
bordering lines; we have Colorado specimens from the vicinity of
Denver and Manitou which match up very well with Californian speci-
mens; Wright's figures of these two species (Butt. W. Coast, PI. XIX,
Figs. 175, 176) show the distinctions fairly well although the color
has not been very accurately reproduced.

Our new form is rather smaller in wing expanse than either of
the allied species, averaging 35 mm. ; in the color and maculation of
the upper side it is almost the exact counterpart of acastus with pos-
sibly a slightly greater amount of black in the marginal area; the
underside of the secondaries is (as is usual in the group) the most
characteristic portion, the pale banding being a very decided yellow,
slightly deeper than in palla, whilst the leathery brown basal and term-
inal area is much paler than we find in the nimotypical Californian
form ; combined with this is the very fine nature of the black bordering
lines, especially those of the broad median yellow band ; the orange
band of spots preceding the large yellow marginal lunules is rather
reduced, leaving considerable of the yellow color visible, being in this

74

respect more like acastus than palla. With the exception of two speci-
mens our type series of 13 S 's bears no more explicit labelling than
the state label "Colorado", having been probably collected by D. Bruce ;
these two specimens are labelled respectively Glenwood Spgs., Colo.,
and Hall Valley, Colo. We have the species further from Utah (Provo,
Salt Lake) and also from the Yellowstone Park Region. The form
may prove to be a race of palla and with sufficient material from known
localities connecting links may be found with the Colorado specimens
already mentioned from Denver and Manitou ; for the present, how-
ever, we see no harm in treating it as a separate species.

75

RIODINIDAE

Apodemia mormo DESERTi var. nov. (PI. XII, Figs. 1, 2).

We have 3 specimens from La Puerta Valley before us which are
distinctive enough to warrant a racial name. The head, patagia and
abdomen are partially clothed with pale yellow hairs, primaries from
base to postmedian band of white spots pale orange (except at inner
margin) with the usual white black-bordered discal spots; beyond this
postmedian band the wing is deep gray-brown with a very prominent
subterminal row of white spots ; secondaries deep gray-brown, slightly
tinged at base with orange with the white spots of primaries repeated,
the subterminal ones being particularly well-developed; beneath much
as in the type form. This is probably a desert race easily distinguished
from the type form (PI. XII, Figs. 3, 4) by its pale coloration and
large white subterminal spots ; it is slightly smaller in size, the S being
22 mm. and the 9 25 mm. in expanse. Our types (1 S , 2 5 )
were received from Mr. G. Field of San Diego who captured them
on July Ilth in La Puerta Valley, S. Cahf . ; we have similar speci-
mens from Palm Springs, Riverside Co., Calif., on the borders of the
Mohave Desert.

Apodemia multiplaga Schaus. (PI. XII, Fig. 14).

This species, described from Mexico (1902, Proc. U. S. N. M.
XXIV, 404) must be added to our N. Am. Lists ; we have a specimen
from San Benito, Texas, captured during the latter half of June.

Genus Calephelis G. & R.

We have been greatly puzzled by a species from San Benito,
Texas, of which we have a good series and for which we can find no
valid name.

It differs from nemesis Edw. {australis Edw.), (PI. XII, Figs.
8-10) which also occurs in the same locality, by the fact that in both
sexes the primaries are equally rounded, not sharply pointed in the
$ sex as we find in nemesis; the S 's are difficult to separate, but
apart from the greater depth of the brown ground-color above they
may be generally fairly readily distinguished by the fact that the outer
row of black basal dots is much closer to the postmedian silver line

76

than we find in nemesis, resembling in this respect virginietisis Gray ;
from this latter species, however, with which it also agrees in size and
wing shape, it is readily separated by the fringes which in I'irginiensis
(PI. XII, Figs. 11-13) are entirely dusky whilst in our Texan species
they are checkered with white at apex and inner angle of primaries;
the ground color is a much deeper, duller brown and the black row
of dots on the underside to which we have already referred is indis-
tinctly geminate whilst in virginiensis it is single and very sharply
defined. The species can hardly be laverna G. & S. which is dififeren-
tiated from virginiensis by the more pointed primaries, nothing, how-
ever being said concerning the fringes; as Stichel (Gen. Insect. Riod.
p. 161 ) makes it a race of virginiensis we presume the fringes are simi-
lar in both forms. We cannot, either, make it coincide with nilus Feld.
or argyrodines Butl. which Stichel separates apparently in his prelim-
inary remarks (1910, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch. LV, pp. 17, 18) and in the
revision proper (1. c. p. 162) treats as synonyms, giving Texas as one
of the localities, possibly in error ; certainly Godman and Salvin's fig-
ures of argyrodines (Biol. Cent. Am. Rhop. Ill, PI. 44, Figs. 5, 6) do
not apply to our species.

We propose therefore the name Calephelis perditalis (PI. XII,
Figs. 5-7) for this species, our type series (6 $ , 6 9 ) having been
captured at San Benito, Texas, in the latter portion of July ; we have
also specimens from Brownsville, taken in October, which would indi-
cate at least two generations yearly. We offer the following key to
the N. American species of this puzzling group:

A Size large, over one inch borealis G. & R.

A' Size small, less than one inch

B Fringes entirely dusky virginiensis Gray

B' Fringes checkered at apex with white

C Primaries of S rounded as in 9 . .perditalis B. &McD.

C Primaries of S more pointed than in 9

nemesis Edw. {australis Edw.)

77

LYCAENIDAE

Philstes glaucon Edw.

In our notes on this very puzzling group we have twice referred
to this species; in Contr. Ill, (2) 117 we observed that the types were
not to be found in the W. H. Edwards' Collection but that a S and
9 specimen existed in the Hy. Edwards' Collection in the American
Museum which be believed to be typical ; specimens from Utah which
we had compared with these and which to us at the time seemed identi-
cal we figured on PI. XI, Figs. 2, 5, and later after a study of the
genitalia (Contr. Ill, (4), 215) we referred glaucon as the Great
Basin race of enoptes.

On our latest visit to New York, realizing from our recent studies
of the group that there were forms with battoides-Vike genitalia which
superficially could scarcely be definitely separated from ciwptes, we
examined the genitalia of the S specimen which is labelled Lye. glau-
con Edw. in Hy. Edwards' handwriting and found to our chagrin that
the genitalia were those of battoidcs and not of enoptes and that, if
this specimen was typical of the true glaucon, our notes were in need
of considerable revision.

The first point to be decided was naturally as to whether this
S specimen was typical of glaucon; as we have already remarked,
the species was described in 1871 from 2 * , 1 9 taken in Nevada
and sent by Hy. Edwards, the description of the $ being fairly lengthy,
of the 2 merely a few lines, the underside being dismissed with the
words "as on male". The specimen in question bears three labels
besides the name label, the first is a small printed label "Nevada", the
second a circular one with written number "251", and the third the
American Museum's Accession label "No. 6122. Coll. Hy. Edwards".
In Hy. Edwards' original Catalogue of his Collection which is in pos-
session of the Museum and the necessary portions of which Mr. F. E.
Watson has kindly transcribed for us, the number "251" is apparently
used for several specimens referred to as L. battoides and taken in
1868-9 in June by W. T. Eaves in Storey Co. and Bear Valley ; Storey
Co. is in Nevada and contains Virginia City, the Bear Valley men-
tioned being probably a valley of that name in the vicinity of Lake
Tahoe, Calif. ; evidently therefore our $ specimen in question, as it

bears the label "Nevada", was taken in the hills around Virginia City,
Nevada in 1868 or 1869 and could very well have been one of the type
lot from which the description in 1871 was made; comparing it with
the description it agreed excellently in every particular except that the
fulvous suffusion on underside of primaries on the two submarginal
spots above the anal angle was not present and this, judging from our
series of some of the other forms, is a variable feature; we would note
that the fulvous spots on upperside of secondaries are present, also
the broad submarginal fulvous band on underside with a median row
of heavy spots as on primaries as mentioned in the original description,
and finally that it is distinctly allied to L. battoides Behr as stated by
W. H. Edwards.

As regards the 9 specimen in the collection under this name it
is probable that it was captured at a much later date than 1871 as it
bears a label "7116" and this number is included in a supplementary
catalogue which we believe only contained the most recent acquisitions
to the collection ; in any case, it is one of those unfortunate interme-
diates which it is almost impossible to place exactly and has the median
row on underside of secondaries composed of very small spots which
rather contradicts the original description. While the S specimen
cannot be considered as a type, we do think that we are justified
in calling it typical and until further evidence to the contrary can be
produced it will represent our idea of the species. This specimen,
which was kindly loaned to us by the Museum authorities, we have
compared with the various races in our collection and find it most
closely approached to centralis B. & McD. although not exact, this
latter race showing more smoky suffusion above anal angle of primaries
on underside and having a deeper ground color. Roughly speaking
battoides Bdv. with its race orcgoncnsis B. & McD. may be separated
from glaucon Edw. with its forms intermedia B. & McD. and centralis
B. & McD. by the heavy black basal fringe line on underside ; the geni-
talia of all of these forms seem similar and it will be a question for
field workers to solve as to whether we are dealing with two species
or merely races of a single one ; our series of the forms with narrow
fringe line is quite limited but we doubt if this will prove a constant
means of separation when more material is available and personally
we incline to the view that glaucon and its related forms are merely
low altitude races of battoides which is typically a race of the highest

79

Sierras ; the southern race, bernardino B. & McD. may be readily rec-
ognized by its smaller size and whiter underside.

For the form with cnoptes-like genitalia which we have been erro-
neously calling glaucon and which we figured in our Contributions,
PI. XI, Figs. 2, 5, a new name will be needed and we propose using
ancilla; the form is so similar to the true glaucon in maculation as to
render our misidentification almost excusable ; we can point to no obvi-
ous specific differences although there is a tendency, especially in the
9 , towards a rather rougher squammation on the underside and a
thickening of the black basal fringe line ; the $ 's show only traces
of fulvous on upper side of secondaries ; we regard it as a race of
cnoptes from which it may be distinguished by the continuous fulvous
band on the underside of secondaries which in typical enoptcs is always
broken into small spots ; the black spots are also heavier. Our type
specimens are a series of 6 3,4 2 from Eureka, Utah (July 1-7)
two of which are figured as glaucon on the above mentioned plate; we
also possess numerous specimens from other localities in Utah and
Colorado.

We cannot agree with Mr. R. C. Williams that glaucon Edw. is
the same species as our spaldingi (Ent. News XXIX, 101) ; Edwards
in his description of the underside of the secondaries of glaucon dis-
tinctly states that a broad orange stripe occupies the space between the
two submarginal rows of spots ; this does not at all apply to spal-
dingi in which the red area is reduced to crescent-shaped spots and the
inner row of spots is almost lacking; the median row of spots is also
not pronounced enough to fit in well with Edwards' diagnosis.

80

HESPERIIDAE

Pamphila horus Edw.

This species was placed in our List next to Lcrema accius A. & S.
following the generally accepted idea. A recent examination of the
type 2 in the Cambridge Museum shows that it has nothing in com-
mon with this species ; the stout antennal club with short point at once
separates it generically from accius which has a rather slender club
with long bent point. Hants would seem to be best associated, there-
fore, with the Pamphila group of genera but until the receipt of a S
specimen its exact position is doubtful. The type is a rather large,
almost unicolorous brown, specimen, as large as a good-sized attalus
or leonardus $ , and may be a melanic form of some well-known
species ; the only traces of maculation are semihyaline subterminal
spots in the interspaces of veins 2 and 3, and 3 and 4 on the under-
side and the usual small costal spots, all of which are however very
obscure.

Atrytgne kumskaka Scud.

This species, described in 1887 (C. Ent. XIX, 45), has been
omitted from our list and indeed from all recent lists except Skin-
ner's Supplement to the Diurnal Catalogue; it is based on specimens
from Denison, Iowa, misidentified as conspicua Edw. by Scudder in
his paper in Tr. Chicago Acad. Sci. I, 336, on Iowa butterflies. Judg-
ing by the description the species must be very close to byssns Edw.
which, however, we only know from Florida; the $ genitalia of this
species, viewed superficially, also shows a close resemblance to Scud-
der's figure of this organ ; material from Iowa, however, is much to
be desired in order to definitely establish the identity and relationship
of this species.

81

SATURNIIDAE

Hemileuca electra CLIO var. nov. (PI. XIII, F'igs. 1, 2).

As compared with typical electra from the San Diego region this
Arizona race differs as follows : the thorax and patagia are black,
the latter bordered with pale yellowish (in electra this whole area is
covered with mixed black and pale yellow hairs) ; with the exception
of the pale median band enclosing the reniform the whole of the
primaries are black (in electra there are two whitish basal streaks
and considerable pale subterminal markings) ; the median pale band
is much as in typical electra but the central pale lunule in the round
black spot is rather narrower than usual. The secondaries are a rich
deep brick-red much more heavily scaled and deeper in color than in
electra, the 9 before us showing considerable blackish suffusion
beyond the discal mark; in our $ specimen this mark is merely a
round black patch without pale central dash, in the 9 a narrow pale
central streak is present. Beneath the color is much deeper than in
the typical form and the pale abdominal rings are narrower. Expanse
$ 52 mm. ; 9 63 mm.

Habitat: Kingman, Ariz. (Oct.) 1 $, I 9. Types, Coll.
Barnes.

82

ARCTIIDAE

LITHOSIINAE

Genus Illice Wlk.

The species of this genus offer in the S genitalia excellent points
of differentiation which can in most cases be seen without removing
the abdomens as the sexual organs protrude ; we have made no slides
of these organs but an examination of the claspers under a lens is
sufficient to show that there are several distinct types, a study of which
clearly proves that our present arrangement is faulty.

We have already (Contr. Ill, (3), 157) separated tcnuifascia
Harv. from miifascia G. & R., placing the former in the genus Oao-
dania Dyar which at least serves to call attention to the protruding
tuft of hair in the $ along the anal margin of the secondaries ; with
the types of both these species undiscoverable there is of course the
possibility of an error of determination on our part, but we have
made our determinations fit as closely as possible the rather inadequate
original descriptions and must leave the matter standing as it is for
the present.

The clasper of uiiifascia is strongly bifurcate, showing a long
dorsal and a similar ventral prong; we have a series of a form from
the vicinity of Brownsville, Texas, which shows the same type of
clasper but differs in maculation in having the transverse band broken
into a small triangular costal spot and a similar larger one on inner
margin, the apices tending to meet in the center of the wing; an
ochreous streak along inner margin as in itnifascia; the ochreous por-
tions are rather paler than in uiiifascia and the pink of the secondaries
inclined toward flesh-color with generally a distinct dark costo-apical
spot ; the 9 's are rather smaller as a general rule and show a greater
tendency to have the band complete. As the form is quite readily
recognizable and in order to distinguish it from similar forms of tcnui-
fascia we propose for it the name of ruptifascia (PI. XIV, Fig. 5),
considering it for the present as a race of unifascia (Fig. 4) ; our
types are 8 S and 5 9 from Brownsville and San Benito, Texas,
captured on various dates from March to June, probably indicating
several generations.

83

Kcntuckiensis Dyar we do not know ; it was described (1904, Proc.
Ent. See. Wash., VI, 198) as a broad-banded form of unifascia and as
such we leave it.

Perrosea Dyar, (1. c. p. 198) (PI. XIV, Fig. 7) also described as
a variety of unifascia, is a good species; the clasper is broad at the
base, narrowing suddenly into a long slender prong bent inwards
towards the apex and touching that of the opposite side ; angclus Dyar,
(PI. XIV, Fig. 8) described as a good species, (1. c. p. 198) has a
very similar type of clasper and may prove to be a racial form, al-
though easily separable on maculation with its entirely ochreous thorax
and broad band on basal two-thirds of inner margin.

Barnesi Dyar (PI. XIV, Fig. 10) is a good species and not a form
of unifascia; the clasper has a broad basal portion similar to that of
perrosea but instead of being produced into a long slender point it
shows a long prong arising from its dorsal margin and bent sharply
downward with a short tooth on the inner margin of the prong near
the base ; the species occurs in two color forms ; the typical form has
pink secondaries ; for a rather rarer form with yellow secondaries we
propose the name flavula, our types being 3 $ and 1 9 from
Glenwood Spgs., Colo.

We have 4 specimens before us from Texas (no further locality
on label) which superficially in size and maculation bear a close resem-
blance to angelus but which show a type of clasper very similar to
barnesi; the thorax is entirely yellow, the primaries have a broad
yellow band along inner margin and a transverse yellow postmedian
band considerably narrowed in central portion; the secondaries are
pink with a smoky patch at apex descending to about the center of
the outer margin ; there is a slight trace of sexual hairs along the anal
margin in the $ but scarcely sufficient to warrant placing the species
in Osodania; we propose the name picta (PI. XIV, Fig. 11) for this
species, which is probably confused in collections with unifascia,
although considerably larger in size ; our types are 1 <J , 3 9 received
at various times from older collections which accounts for the lack of
data on the label.

According to the form of the claspers we believe liberomacula
Dyar (PI. XIV, Fig. 6) must be considered a good species and not a
form of dorsimaciila (PI. XIV, Fig. 12) as placed in our List; in
liberomacula the distal end of the clasper is evenly long and narrow.

84

ending in a slight knob with a few bristles; in dorsimacida the end of
the clasper is decidedly spoon-shaped and terminated by a distinct spine
approaching in this respect faiistinula Bdv., the clasper of which seems
to have an identical shape; nexa Bdv., which Williams claims (1905,
Ent. News, XVI, 257) to be merely a form of faiistinula has a decid-
edly different form of clasper, more allied to that of liberomacula
but with the narrow distal end shorter and the base broader. Stretch's
figures (Zyg. Bomb. N. Am., PI. 2, Figs. 10, 11) should serve to
readily distinguish nexa and faiistinula and we can only conjecture that
Williams either collected unknowingly the larvae of both species which
possibly show no particularly distinctive features or else that his identi-
fications of Boisduval's species were incorrectly made.

A form of liberomacula which is seemingly commoner than the
type form and which is distinguished by the presence of a white streak
above the inner margin from the base to the postmedian white spot,
is without a name; we propose for this form the name basijuncta
(PI. XIV, Fig. 9), our type series being numerous specimens from San
Diego, Calif.

ARCTIINAE

EUBAPHE LAETA Guer.

The figure given of this species (Icon. Reg. Anim. Ins. PI. 88,
Fig. 6) would seem to point to the typical form as being the southern
one, common in Florida, characterized by small size and considerable
brown shades in the color of the primaries; the northern race we had
separated in our List under the name rubropicta Pack, based on a
specimen from Rangeley, Me.; we have, however, recently seen the
type of treati Grt. in the Cambridge Museum Coll. and believe that
this name will take priority over Packard's, based as it is on a Massa-
chusetts specimen. We could not find the type of rubropicta at Cam-
bridge but judging by material before us from Maine the two names
are synonymous. The northern race is larger and the primaries show
much more of a gray tint than we find in the typical form; the race
extends westward to northern Illinois and Manitoba.

EuBAPHE FRAGILIS Stkr. (PI. XIV, Fig. 13).

An examination of the type of this species in the Field Museum,
Chicago, shows that it agrees stnicturally (length of palpi) with im-
maculata Reak. and probably is merely the Colorado race of this

85

species ; some of our Colorado material can hardly be separated from
Eastern specimens. The species which has been generally going under
the name of fragilis has much shorter palpi and we believe is a Colo-
rado race of costata Stretch from Texas, distinguished by the flesh
colored primaries instead of the mouse gray found in typical costata;
due to this color the scarlet costa and discal spot are much less notice-
able, the latter in fact being at times quite lacking; the secondaries
are only slightly deeper in color than the primaries so that the whole
insect has a much more unicolorous appearance than costata.

As this form is apparently quite constant we propose for it the
racial name costata pallipennis (PI. XIV, Fig. 14), our types being
a series of specimens from Glenwood Spgs., Colo. (July).

DiACRISIA vagans Bdv.

The synonymy of this species is considerably involved and although
a number of authors have attempted to elucidate the matter, each
seems to have arrived at a separate conclusion. Vagans was described
by Boisduval in 1852 (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. X, 322) as follows: "Size
of the largest specimens of fuliginosa. Primaries and thorax yellow-
ish-gray. Secondaries black with the fringe broadly yellowish-gray.
Abdomen blackish-gray. Beneath the four wings are yellowish gray
with a black lunule on the disk of each. S Antennae rather strongly
pectinated." The type locality was given as Northern California.

In 1855 in Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. Ill, 32, the name rufida is given
by Boisduval to a series from California which he intended to describe
and which is here very briefly characterized as having "the primaries
of a ruddy-brown with a blackish discal spot and transverse streak
(raie transverse) ; the secondaries are blackish with ruddy-brown
fringe; the body is without spots, reddish like the primaries."

Later in 1869 (Lep. de la Calif, pp. 79-80) Boisduval goes into
further details regarding these two species, giving the size of nifula
as equal to that of mendica and calling attention to the great variability
in color in both sexes of both species ; he quotes Lorquin as stating
that the larvae are different and separates the two species on the
strength of a bent extradiscal line on primaries in rufula which is lack-
ing in vagans.

In the meantime Packard (1864, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. Ill, 123)
had described his punctata in his Synopsis of the Bombycidae of North

86

America. Stretch in 1874 (Zyg. & Bomb. N. Am. p. 192) sinks both
rufttla and punctata to vagans, caUing attention to the fact that larvae
producing $ 's are differently colored from those producing 9 's and
proving that Boisduval's characteristic point of distinction for riifula
will not hold good in a bred series; he errs in quoting Boisduval as
saying the size of vagans is that of "very small specimens of fuligin-
osa" ; Boisduval uses the words "plus grands" in this connection.

On the strength of Stretch's synonymy Hy. Edwards described
(1874, Pac. Coast Lep. 27) Spilosoma pteridis from Vancouver Island
as new but later (1. c. p. 43) states that he and Stretch had come to
the conclusion that pteridis was a synonym of vagans Bdv. which was
after all distinct from the Central Californian rufida Bdv. (punctata
Pack.)

A recent examination of the type specimens shows that pteridis
Hy, Edw. is exactly the same thing as danbyi Neum. described from
Victoria, B. C. (1893, Ent. News, IV, 141) as a variety of rubra
Neum. which still further involves the synonymy as rubra has been
listed as a good species by both Hampson and Dyar and also in our
recent Hst ; after studying the types we can see nothing except color
whereby to separate rubra and danbyi and believe they are correctly
listed as forms or races ; however, pteridis Hy. Edw. must certainly
take priority and if Hy. Edwards' conclusions be followed then the
correct name for this species would be vagans Bdv. This is a matter
impossible to be determined by us without a knowledge of the actual
type specimens, presumably with M. Oberthur in Rennes, France. The
size given by Boisduval for vagans rather contradicts Edwards' the-
ory as pteridis is much smaller than the largest fuliginosa; judging
by descriptions alone we incline to think that vagans was originally
based on rather dark immaculate 5 's and rufida on a 9 of one
and the same species and that later (1869) Boisduval, having received
more specimens, tried to divide them up between his two so-called
species with rather indifferent success as he himself states they may
be mere varieties of one species and again makes no mention of the
quite obvious difference in size to be found between pteridis and
rufula. For the present therefore we shall follow Stretch in listing
vagans Bdv. rufula Bdv. and punctata Pack, as referring to a single
species which we figure on PI. XIV, Figs. 1 and 3.

87

In ATarch, 1881, Hy. Edwards gives the name proba (Pap. I, 39)
to the mountain form of vagans {punctata) distinguished by "having
the secondaries always concolorous with the primaries in both sexes
and by the maculate band being more broken up into spots." In Oct.,
1881, Butler, misidentifying the 9 vagans as rubra Neum. described
as a new species under the name walsinghami a single red $ from
Rogue (not Rouge as given) River, S. Oregon; our own collecting
experience in the Shasta region of Northern California proves con-
clusively that walsinghami is nothing more than the 9 of proba Hy.
Edw.; the race, as stated by Hy. Edwards, seems perfectly constant,
the $'s (PI. XIV, Fig. 2) being dull ochreous with more or less
black spotting on both wings and the 9 's (PI. XIV, Fig. 17) rather
bright crimson with very little black on secondaries.

Kasloa Dyar (1904, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. VI, 18) would seem to
be a northern race of vagans, characterized by the bright ruddy wings
in both sexes; there is considerable variability in the maculation of
secondaries and pale specimens show a close resemblance to proba Hy.
Edw. which, however, we have never seen in the $ sex with ruddy
suffusion.

Bicolor Wlk. (1862, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. I, 270), a species omitted
by Hampson but listed by Dyar, seems correctly referred by the latter
to vagans.

As far as our material permits us to judge, ptcridis Edw. (PI.
XIV, Figs. 15, 16) may be se]>arated from vagans and its forms, apart
from its smaller size, by the fact that the secondaries in both sexes
are black right up to the base of the fringe, whereas in those speci-
mens of vagans which show black secondaries we find a distinct pale
marginal area, a fact which fits in excellently with Boisduval's char-
acterization "fringes broadly yellowish-gray". In typical vagans the
$ 's range in color from yellowish-ochre to deep smoky brown — we
have never seen any red $ 's nor had apparently Stretch — the 9 's
from ruddy-brown to bright brick-red, the secondaries in both sexes
being more or less heavily suiifused with black; the race proba Edw.
has pale ochreous $ 's and bright red 9 's with secondaries concol-
orous with primaries, and the race kasloa Dyar has red wings in both
sexes with the secondaries showing all forms of variation between
black and red in which latter case there is a more or less distinct
maculate submarginal black band.

In conclusion we offer the following synonymy to replace that
of our List:

955 vagans Bdv.

9 rufiila Bdv.

S punctata Pack.

S bicolor Walk.
a proba Hy. Edzv.

$ walsingbami Butl.
b kasloa Dyar.

956 pteridis Hy. Edw.

danbyi Neum.
a rubra Neum.

Apantesis ornata hewletti var. nov. (PI. XIII, Figs. 3, 4).

We have received from Miss Esther Hewlett of Nellie, San
Diego Co., Calif., specimens of an apparent race of ornata which on ac-
count of the fact that it is very liable to be confused with gencura Stkr.
{incorrupta Hy. Edw.) and its forms seems worthy of being named.
It differs from typical ornata in having the subbasal half-band always
well developed ; as in ornata the veins are only marked in white along
the outer margin, vein 1 being also slightly marked at base of wing.

The subbasal line is very occasionally met with in ornata but
generally speaking it is entirely absent or confined to a slight creamy
mark on costa ; French's figure of his 9 sliastacnsis (Can. Ent., XXI,
162) is one of these instances ; the specimen, however, is in other
respects distinctly aberrant and our own collecting experiences in the
type locality show that the normal form is without this band ; the 3 's
of sliastacnsis from the same locality French considered to belong to
geneura Stkr. (1. c. p. 162) although we are convinced that the two
were merely sexes of one species ; these S 's were, according to
description, perfectly normal ornata. We therefore do not believe
that the name sliastacnsis, based on an aberrant 9 from a totally
different locality, can be applied to the present form.

We have also received larvae from Miss Hewlett and these, al-
though not yet full grown, correspond well with Gibson's description
of Stage VI of ornata larvae (Can. Ent., XXV, 122). Miss Hewlett
tells us that captured specimens are generally of the form with scarlet
secondaries whilst her bred specimens have almost invariably shown
yellow secondaries, due probably to change in the amount of moisture

89

in her breeding cage as compared with out-door conditions. Our
types ( S and 9 ) are both of the yellow-winged form ; we do not
care to propose a name for the red-winged one, as both occur equally
frequently in nature in all the forms of oniata; we also have specimens
from the vicinity of San Diego which show the lining on the veins as
in achaia G. & R. as well as the sub-basal band of hczvletti, an addi-
tional proof, if necessary, that in Southern California we find a race
of ornata with normally well-developed sub-basal band.

Pygarctia eglenensis Clem.

This species has generally been considered to be the same as inop-
inatus Hy. Edw. and placed by Hampson and Dyar in the genus Am-
malo Wlk. A careful reading of Clemens prefatory remarks to this
species (1860, Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Phil. pp. 532-3) shows that the
anterior tibia terminates "in front in a rather long curved spine" which
at once precludes the present association. We therefore in our recent
list transferred eglenensis Clem, to Pygarctia and left inopinatus Hy.
Edw. as the correct name for eglenensis Auct. ; we have not yet identi-
fied the species.

Halisdota davisi Hy. Edw.

In our list we placed this as a synonym of cinctipes Grt. but agree,
after seeing the type, with Rothschild (Nov. Zool. XVI, 282) and
Dyar (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XLII, 52) that it should be treated as
a good species ; it is readily recognized by the paucity of the macula-
tion of primaries which is usually reduced to the costal and discal
spots. Dr. Dyar considers it an offshoot of undenvoodi Roths, but
we can hardly concur with this ; to us it would seem to be more prob-
ably an immaculate form of schausi, the ground color being similar
in both species. Dr. Dyar lists the true cinctipes (which is a Cuban
species) from S. Florida (Proc. Wash. Ent. Soc. IV, 452) ; we have
seen no Florida material of the typical form, our only Miami speci-
men being a small, rather faintly marked S , apparently closer to
schausi insidaris Roths, than to typical cinctipes; however the occur-
rence of the typical form there is very probably and in any case our
material is far too scanty to warrant any definite statements regarding
this extremely puzzling group.

90

Arachnis picta verna var. nov. (PI. XIII, Figs. 5, 6).

We have received a series of an Arachnis from a correspondent
in Three Rivers, Tulare Co., Calif., which does not exactly match
any of the named species or races of this genus. In the S sex it is
closest in maculation to maia Ottol. (PI. XIII, Fig. 7), the maculation
and color of primaries on upper and under sides being practically
identical ; the secondaries however on the upper side show none of
the hyaline nature so characteristic of the Coloradan mam but are
evenly pink with three broken rows of black spots much as in hampsoni
Dyar ; the underside shows the same white costal spots which we find
in maia and is otherwise similar to the upperside in markings. In the
S sex the dorsal dark gray markings are less broad than in tnaia
(Fig. 8) and more as in citra, i. e., the basal segments show a narrow
dark median line broadening gradually towards anal segment into tri-
angular or diamond-shaped patches ; the banding of the secondaries
is also more as in citra for the subterminal blackish band is broken
into spots, not broadly continuous as in maia, and the terminal border
is somewhat reduced. As our series is very constant in these respects
and as we also possess a single $ specimen from Eureka, Utah with
similar maculation we believe we are justified in proposing the above
racial name for this form which we take pleasure in naming after Mrs.
Verna Fry, the collector ; the status of the various forms needs carefully
working out with due regard to genitalia and larvae before we can know
whether we are dealing with several species or merely races of picta;
if citra should prove to be a good species our new form will probably
become a western race of it characterized by the whiter coloring of
the bands ; for the present we treat it as a race of picta; our types series
consists of 3 S 's and 6 9 's all from the above mentioned locality.

Apantesis franconia Hy. Edw.

In our recent List we made this a form of figurata Dru. with
preciosa Ni.xon as a synonym ; in the Hy. Edwards Coll. there is no
specimen marked "type" but under celia is a specimen labelled "Fran-
conia N. H. (Slosson)" which may possibly be the original type speci-
men if this is not in Mrs. Slosson's Collection. According to this speci-
men we believe Dr. Dyar is correct in listing franconia as a synonym
of celia, which leaves the name preciosa Nixon for the yellow form of
figurata; celia may be a small northern race of figurata, agreeing as it
does in general type of maculation, but until exact details concerning
the larvae are available any such reference would be premature.

91

NOCTUIDAE
AGROTINAE

ScHiNiA TERRiFiCA sp. nov. (PI. XVIII, Fig. 14).

Fore tibiae with one large inner claw and a couple of spines and several
(2-4) smaller outer claws; head and thorax whitish-ochreous, the patagia
slightly shaded with pale olivaceous ; primaries with basal area light pink,
bounded outwardly by the slightly deeper t. a. line which is strongly bulging
on median vein ; median space pale whitish ochreous crossed by a broad oliva-
ceous brown median shade which occupies most of this space at inner margin
and contains below costa a diffuse blackish reniform spot; outer margin of
median space forms t. p. line which is not otherwise indicated, being evenly
sinuate with veins somewhat dentated by white markings ; subterminal space
pink, this color extending through the terminal interspaces to outer margin,
the veins themselves being broadly bordered with whitish, giving a marked
striate appearance ; fringes checkered white and olive-brown ; secondaries white,
shaded with smoky at base and along inner margin and with a broad terminal
dark band, broken somewhat by whitish shades with a faint pink sprinkling ; a
large diffuse discal spot. Beneath whitish, shaded outwardly with pink and
smoky and with large discal spots on all wings. Expanse 33 mm.

Habitat: Colorado (Oslar, Bruce). 4^,1 $. Types, Coll. Barnes.

This species has been for years in our collection under the name
of gloriosa Stkr. ; a recent study of the type (which we figure on PI.
XVIII, Fig. 15) shows that this latter species is very closely related
to sanguinea Geyer of which it may be merely a form or race; our
Colorado species is a much paler and more diffusely marked form.

Hemigrotella gen. nov. (Type HemigrotcUa argenteo-striata sp.
nov.).
Palpi oblique, short, heavily scaled ; squammation of head and thorax
smooth, scaly; front somewhat roundedly protuberant but without tubercle;
fore tibia with strong terminal claw, unspined ; mid tibia with inner row of
large spines; hind tibia with single spine between the spurs; venation normal;
primaries long, narrow, costal and inner margins subparallel.

H. ARGENTEOSTRIATA sp. nOV. (PI. XVII, Fig. 15).

Palpi, head and thorax white, patagia tinged with yellow ; abdomen light
gray ; primaries yellow-ochre with a silver costal stripe narrowing towards
apex and three broad silver stripes, one from base to middle of wing below
cell, the second from cell to near outer margin, the third, smaller, triangular,

92

below apex of wing ; fringes white ; secondaries white, tinged with smoky,
especially in 9. Beneath silvery-white. Expanse 24 mm.

Habitat: Palm Spgs., Riverside Co., Calif. (Mch., Apr.). 8 $.3 9.
Types, Coll. Barnes.

Grotella spaldingi B. & McD. (PI. XVII, Fig. 16).

We have before us long series of this species from Pahn Springs,
Riverside Co., CaHf., and Olancha, Inyo Co., Calif. ; there is a ten-
dency in the Californian form to show a distinct checkering in the
fringes which in our typical Utah series is lacking; this feature is
however not constant as a number of our Olancha specimens are en-
tirely without it and cannot be separated from the Utah form. We
figure a specimen with the checkered nature of tlie fringes well defined.

EUXOA CINNABARINA sp. nOV. (PI. XV, Fig. 1).

Head and thorax rich cinnamon-brown, collar crossed by a pale band
above base ; primaries cinnamon-brown with the median space deeper in color
than remainder of wing; subcostal and median veins outlined in white to end
of cell, the angle between them at base of wing more or less filled with whitish,
vein 1 faintly white marked; basal half line indicated by a whitish streak on
costa ; t. a. line blackish, regularly dentate, slightly outwardly obHque, bordered
inwardly at costa with whitish, which is continued across wing as a paler brown
shade than ground color ; orbicular obliquely oval, outlined in yellowish and
black and filled with brown; reniform lunate, similar to orbicular in color with
slight whitish filling in lower portion; claviform a small dark loop; t. p. line
dark, dentate, bent out below costa, incurved below cell, bordered at costa
by a white line outwardly continued faintly across wing by a yellowish shade ;
s. t. line distinct, irregular, pale yellowish; slightly shaded inwardly by smoky;
a black broken terminal line ; fringes ruddy at base, paler outwardly. Second-
aries light smoky with pale fringes and a rather well-marked discal lunule.
Beneath whitish ochreous, tinged with pinkish along costa of both wings,
broadest on secondaries ; a discal spot on all wings, that of primaries more
or less surrounded by smoky shading; abdomen ochreous above, pinkish be-
neath. Expanse $ 33 mm. ; 9 41 mm.

Habitat: $ Monachee Meadows, Tulare Co., Calif. (Aug.); 9 Nellie,
S. Diego Co., Calif. (July). 3 5, 1 9.

This handsome species belongs close to divcrgens but is readily
recognized by the bright cinnamon color of the primaries; it lacks the
black basal dash of divergens Wlk.

Agrotis fortiter sp. nov. (PI. XV, Fig. 4).

Palpi, head, thorax, and primaries deep unicolorous purple-brown, the
latter slightly shaded with grayish ; maculation very obscure, t. a. line indicated

93

by a few black dots on veins ; t. p. line rather better defined, bent outward below
costa, incurved in fold with black dots on veins just beyond it giving a dentate
appearance; reniform and orbicular obsolescent; terminally the veins are finely
black-lined ; an ochreous line at base of fringes. Secondaries white basally
with broad smoky terminal shading and pale ochreous basal fringe-line. Be-
neath primaries smoky gray, rather irridescent basally, with curved black post-
median line ; secondaries hyaline white broadly sprinkled with smoky-brown
along costa, this portion crossed by a continuation of the dark line of primaries.
Expanse 35 mm.

Habitat: Stockton, Ut. (Spalding) (July 30); Glenwood Spgs., Colo.
(July 8-15). 2 5. Types, Coll. Barnes.

Closely resembles exculpairix Dyar but differs in lacking the dis-
tinctly black front of this species, the head and thorax being concolor-
ous ; the veins are also much less distinctly outlined in black ; in respect
to the concolorous nature of the front, it agrees with corrodcra Sm.
but the primaries show none of the red-brown coloring of this species
nor the heavy black veining.

Anytus connecta Sm.

This species, described as a Polia and placed in our list in the
genus Eumichtis, must be transferred to the genus Anytus as the mid
tibiae are rather feebly spined and the hind tibiae show constantly a
single spine between the spurs; the species is well figured by Smith
(Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. XVII, PI. Ill, Fig. 2) and while allied to discors
Grt. should be readily recognizable by the large pale orbicular and
the white shading beyond the t. p. line above the inner margin; the
type locality is Glenwood Spgs., Colo., and besides specimens from
there which we have compared with the type in the National Museum
we have series from Eureka, Utah, and Palmerlee, Ariz. ; cupola Hamp.
described from material from Eureka, Utah, (Ann. Mag. N. Hist. (8)
XII, 590) may prove to be a synonym but without a knowledge of the
type we are unable to definitely place this species.

Pronoctua pyrophiloides peabodyae Dyar.

This form was described in a paper entitled "List of Lepidoptera
taken at Williams, Ariz." from a single 9 with pinkish ground color
instead of the gray color of Californian specimen; Dr. Dyar men-
tions also a S taken at Bluflf, Utah. Both these specimens are marked
"type" in the National Museum, but it seems well to restrict the type
to the 9 specimen from Arizona as the S is very worn and the

94

pinkish color is doubtless due to discoloration, as a careful examina-
tion showed us traces of the original gray ground color on a small
section of the primaries.

Protagrotis EXTENSA Sm. (PI. XV, Fig. 2).

This species, at present listed under the genus Lupcrina, should
be transferred to the genus Protagrotis Hamp. as the hind tibiae show
a single spine between the upper and lower pairs of spurs. The species
is closely related to nh<eivenosa Grt. but lacks the white veins of pri-
maries and is generally deeper in color.

HADENINAE

SCOTOGRAMMA FULGORA sp. nOV. (PI. XVI, Fig. 9).

Head and thorax deep gray, collar tipped with white and crossed by a
black line ; patagia with well defined black line near upper margin ; primaries
dark smoky gray; a slight black dash at base; t. a. line obsolescent, geminate,
thrice dentate, preceded above inner margin by an oblique smoky shade ; clavi-
form prominent, large, outlined in black and filled with smoky ; orbicular a
decumbent oval, outlined in white; reniform moderate, filled with a smoky
shade in lower portion, incompletely outlined in white and black toward costa ;
t. p. line obsolescent, geminate, sinuate ; s. t. line prominent white, forming a
distinct W mark on veins 3 and 4, angled outwardly below costa and bent out
on vein 1 to outer margin, preceded by dark streaks in central portion ; ter-
minal dark broken lunulate line ; fringes smoky-gray cut by paler opposite the
veins. Secondaries whitish with a broad smoky terminal suffusion and veins
outlined in smoky ; fringe pale with central dusky line. Beneath primaries
smoky, sprinkled with white along costa and outwardly with prominent dark
discal lunules ; secondaries whitish, heavily sprinkled with smoky especially
along costa and outer margin. Expanse 27 mm.

Habitat: Olancha, Inyo Co., Calif. (Apr.) 1 $. Type, Coll. Barnes.

The species has probably been confused with hadcniformis Sm.
but differs structurally, this latter species possessing a lunulate frontal
prominence with large central tubercle, whereas our species has merely
a rounded protuberance as in trifolii. We have three other specitnens
collected by O. Poling in Southern Utah.

PoLiA IMPOLITA Morr.

The identity of this species has been for years more or less of a
puzzle ; in our list we followed Hampson, placing the species in Scoto-
gramma, but it was unknown to us at the time. The species was de-
scribed from a single specimen received from Prof. Belanger of Quebec

95

and recently through the kind offices of Mr. G. Maheux, Provincial
Entomologist of Quebec, we have been able to trace this type in the
Collection of Laval University, Quebec, and have received a photograph
of the same. It turns out to be the same species as cristifera Wlk.
and the name must therefore be removed from Scotogramma and sunk
as a synonym of this earlier name.

POLIA SUBJUNCTA G. & R.

This species has a very wide range extending from the Atlantic
to the Pacific and from British Columbia on the north to Southern
California in the south; it is not surprising, therefore, that several
more or less well defined races can be separated ; one of the best
marked of these we have received from Southern California, it differ-
ing from the typical form of the Atlantic States in the general much
lighter and grayer color and the almost entire absence of the carneous
shades, especially beyond the reniform ; above the basal streak and
beyond the claviform the reddish shade still persists, but the general
impression is that of a distinctly gray species. We propose the racial
name eleanora for this form, our type series consisting of 2 3 and
6 9 from Nellie, Palomar Mt., S. Diego Co., Calif. We figure the
form on PI. XVI, Fig. 1.

POLIA HANHAMI B. & McD.

In Central and Southern California this species assumes quite a
different aspect from that of the typical Vancouver Is. form (PI. XVI,
Fig. 6) ; in the Calif ornian race (Fig. 5) the ground color of pri-
maries is a pale flesh-color and the rather heavy blackish suffusion in
the median and terminal spaces is greatly reduced, the dark median
shade and the black-filled lower portion of reniform show very clearly
in consequence; this latter has a couple of whitish dots on each side
of the black filling but there is no trace of any white suffusion beyond
the reniform as is often seen in the typical form. We propose the
racial name semicarnea for this form, our type series consisting of
4 S and 3 9 from Camp Baldy, S. Bernardino Co., Calif. (June-
July) ; we also have the species from Middle Calif, and Nellie, San
Diego Co., Calif.

POLIA PULVERULENTA Sm. (PI. XVI, Figs. 2, 3).

Through the kindness of Prof. H. T. Fernald of Amherst, Mass.,
we have received a photograph of the unique type of this species con-

96

tained in Mrs. Fernald's Collection, now in the possession of the
Massachusetts Agricultural College; the species is a good one and not
a form of assimilis as listed ; it is one of those northern forms which
extend across the entire continent and is apparently commoner on
the Pacific coast than in the east ; we have a series of specimens from
Ketchikan, Alaska, and have seen several from the vicinity of Vic-
toria, B. C. ; it is also reported from various localities in the Canadian
Rockies and from Winnipeg, Man. Mr. Wolley-Dod's remarks in
the Report of the Ent. Soc. Ont. for 1910, p. 110 concerning the species
are perfectly correct and it was due to the fact that our attention was
called to this note by Mr. E. Blackmore of Victoria that we were
spared from describing the Pacific coast specimens as a new species.
The $ genitalia, while essentially of the same general type, show
sufficient difference from assimilis in the finer detail to leave no doubt
as to its specific distinctness ; our series shows considerable variation
in the size and shape of the spots and in the distinctness of the macu-
lation ; we figure a couple of specimens to illustrate this.

Epia amabilis sp. nov. (PI. XVI, Fig. 4).

Head and thorax deep smoky gray, collar crossed by a black line ; pro
and mesothoracic tufts tipped with black; primaries deep gray; basal half-line
geminate, inner line black, broken, outer one gray, indistinct ; t. a. line out-
wardly oblique, geminate, almost rigid, inner line gray, outer black ; t. p. line
rather squarely exserted around cell, strongly incurved in the submedian fold,
geminate, inner line black, outer gray, slightly crenulate ; median space below
cell black shaded, obscuring a small black claviform, orbicular large, round,
pale with darker central area ; renif orm moderate, lunate, edged with white
and then with black, most prominently on inner side ; s. t. line pale, arising
from a dark costal shade and edged inwardly with smoky, forming a small W
mark on veins 3 and 4, preceded by short black dashes ; terminal dark crenulate
line; fringes dusky. Secondaries dark smoky, paler basally with dark discal
lunule. Beneath smoky, both wings paler basally, secondaries most promin-
ently so ; discal dot on all wings ; postmedian dark line on secondaries. Ex-
panse 29 mm.

Habitat: Loma Linda, S. Bernardino Co., Calif. 1 $ Type, Coll.
Barnes.

The species is allied to niinorata Sm. but differs from the type,
with which we recently compared it, by the lack of brown shades on
primaries and the more strongly incurved nature of the t. p. line below
cell.

97

Nephelodes demaculata sp. nov. (PI. XV, Fig. 3).

Head and thorax deep ochreous, at times tinged with purplish ; primaries
deep ochreous, in some specimens with a decided violaceous tinge ; the macu-
lation is of the usual type but so obscured as to be practically obsolete; the
t. p. line is the best defined due to the paler character of the subterminal and
terminal areas which further show the veins outlined in dusky; the outer half
of the median area is often the darkest portion of the wing; secondaries deep
smoky with pale fringes. Beneath light ochreous with faint discal dots and
obscure postmedian line. Expanse 38 mm.

Habitat: Plumas Co., Calif. (Aug.-Sept.) 7 S, 1 9. Types, Coll.
Barnes.

The peculiar coloration of this species, which resembles that of
some of the Agropcrina group, should readily distinguish it from pec-
titiata Sm. with which it agrees in antenna! structure; the lack of
maculation is also characteristic; in none of our specimens is the reni-
form distinct but in a few it can just be traced as a faint palish patch.

Xylomyges cognata Sm. (PI. XVI, Fig. 10).

We have already had occasion (Contrib. II (1), 16, PI. VII,
Figs. 13-15) to comment on the variability of this species; it was
described from three S specimens from Vancouver Is., B. C, Oregon
and Colorado (Bruce), this last specimen being in the collection of the
National Museum and marked "type" ; we have seen no other Colo-
rado material besides this type, but specimens from Vancouver Is.
which we compared with it agree so that this form may be regarded
as typical; Smith's figure of the species (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XXI,
PI. V, Fig. 3) also agrees with our figures 13 and 14. With regard
to this latter specimen it bears the label "Calgary, Alta." but is prob-
ably a portion of the material distributed by Neumoegen labelled
indiscriminately "Ft. Calgary, Brit. Columbia" or "N. W. B. C," and
which was mostly collected by Danby in the Kootenay District of
British Columbia; Mr. Wolley Dod states that the species never has
been taken at Calgary, Alta.

We have recently received more material of the California form
(which we figured previously in Fig. 15) froin Eldridge, Sonoma Co. ;
it diflfers from the typical form in the even olivaceous gray colora-
tion of the primaries with obscure maculation ; it is also considerably
smaller in size. As it seems perfectly constant in these characteristics
we propose for it the name minorata (PI. XVI, Fig. 11), our types

98

being 5 £,2 9 from the above mentioned locality ; it also occurs in
a very slightly different form in Southern California.

Along with minorata we received a series of a closely allied species
which has possibly been confused with cognata but for which there
appears to be no name available ; we describe it as follows :

Xylomvges februalis sp. nov. (PI. XVI, Fig. 12).

Collar and thorax with thick vestiture composed of whitish scales, vari-
ably and contrastingly mixed with black; a black transverse line across collar;
primaries white suffused with black (at times largely black) and shaded with
olivaceous ochreous, especially at base of wing and around reniform; macula-
tion much as in cognata but better defined; subbasal line geminate, crenu-
late, white filled, followed below cubital vein by a broad blackish shade
connecting it with t. a. line; subbasal space largely dark, distinctly olivaceous
ochreous along inner margin; t. a. line geminate, prominently white-filled,
irregularly dentate; claviform variable in size, usually large, outlined in
black, filled with olivaceous; orbicular inconspicuous, large, oval, outlined
in black, white filled; reniform large, broad, irregularly lunate, whitish,
shaded with olivaceous in lower portion and with central dark lunula; median
shade broad, dark, outwardly oblique to base of reniform, then angled, narrow,
dentate and parallel to t. p. line, the median space beyond it largely olivaceous;
t. p. line strongly crenulatc, broadly geminate, white filled, well bent out beyond
reniform, then inwardly oblique and closely approached to median shade; s. t.
line whitish, irregular, slightly dentate on veins 3 and 4, preceded by black
shades and followed by a black suffusion which occupies the whole terminal
area except at apex of wing which is pale; a narrow white terminal line;
fringes dark, cut by white opposite veins. Secondaries whitish, slightly sprinkled
with smoky and with a prominent dark discal dot and terminal line ; a faint
curved median line. Beneath primaries pale with traces of a dark postmedian
line bent slightly at costa ; secondaries much as above, rather paler with stronger
maculation. Expanse 37 mm.

Habitat: Eldridge, Sonoma Co., Calif. (Feb.) 8^, 2 9. Types, Coll.
Barnes.

The species is readily separated from the form minorata which
occurs with it by the larger size, the much more contrasted maculation
and the strikingly black and white thoracic vestiture; from typical
cognata which it more nearly approaches it may be quickly distin-
guished by the entirely blackish terminal area of primaries ; the macu-
lation, especially the t. p. line, is better defined, this line being more
strongly and evenly crenulate above the inner margin than in cognata.
The $ genitalia are very similar but there are minor points of dis-
tinction which point to specific distinctness; in cognata the terminal

99

area of the claspers is deeply and triangularly excavated, leaving
sharp dorsal and ventral teeth or spines; in our species these spines
are much smaller and the triangular excavation less prominent ; the
harpe is also more slender and rather longer than in cognata. There
is considerable variation in the amount of black shading on the pri-
maries, a few specimens before us being very strongly suffused witli
this color with almost no olivaceous shading.

CiRPHis INCOGNITA sp. nov. (PI. XVII, Figs. 6, 9).

Head and thorax light ochreous, collar rather pinkish in color and crossed
by two or three dark lines, patagia with a few dark scales ; primaries ochreous,
sprinkled faintly with dark dots and with faint brownish lines on each side of
the veins and in the center of each interspace beyond the cell; the veins them-
selves beyond the cell are faintly white ; a dark streak extends along the median
vein from base of wing to t. p. line, containing a small white spot or comma
mark with dark central dot at lower angle of cell ; t. p. line a curved series
of black dots at times very well marked and joined to form a dentate line ; a
faint trace of the dark subapical triangular shade ; terminal line of dark dots ;
fringes with palish basal line. Secondaries in both sexes shiny white with
faint dark terminal dots, not reaching inner angle. Beneath primaries and
costa of secondaries pale smoky; remainder of secondaries whitish; terminal
dark dots to both wings. Expanse 30 mm.

Habitat : Brownsville, Texas. 6 S , 6 9 . Types, Coll. Barnes.

This is the species we figured in Contr. II, (1), PI. IX, Fig. 14
as doubtfully texana Morr. ; it having been proved by an examination
of the type that texana is correctly referred to ligata by Hampson it
remained to find a name for our Brownsville species which we have
been unable to do; by Hampson's keys it would fall in the neighbor-
hood of latiuscida H. S. but is certainly not this species, being much
paler in color without any ruddy tinges, with pure white secondaries
and of much smaller size; it would seem to be closer to punctifera
Moesch. which Hampson lists as a synonym of latiuscida but which
from the description has white secondaries. It also bears quite a
resemblance to the figure of cinereicollis Wlk. given by Hampson
(Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., V, PI. 93, Fig. 18) but lacks the black streak
below base of cell of this species.

The 9 's are usually better marked than the $ 's, at times showing
traces of a punctiform t. a. line, forming a slight outward angle in sub-
median fold ; the genital tufting of the $ is ochreous.

100

CUCULLIINAE

CoPicucuLLiA BASiPUNCTA sp. nov. (PI. XVI, Fig. 5).

Palpi and head deep gray sprinkled with white; antennal region with two
dark transverse lines; tegulae white with dark line at base and a faint one
near tips which are also blackish ; patagia and thorax gray, former with a dark
line near posterior margin; metathoracic tuft large, black; abdomen pale
ochreous. Primaries blue-gray with the usual strigate appearance caused by
the veins being faintly outlined in black ; a distinct black dot at base of wing
below costa ; t. a. line arising from a small dark costal patch, indistinct in costal
region with prominent outward tooth below cell and a smaller tooth at inner
margin, heavily marked in black and preceded by some black shading ; orbicular
and reniform included in a dark costal shade, former round, with pale center,
ringed with white and black, reniform large with pale central lunule, similarly
outlined to orbicular ; t. p. line faint, pale, crenulate, bent outward below costa,
then subparallel to margin, marked inwardly in submedian fold and at inner
margin by black spots, the former preceded by a prominent white streak con-
necting it with the tooth of the t. a. line; faint pale streaks between the veins
terminally and a dark blotch above inner angle drawn rearward to a point
which almost touches t. p. line ; fringes alternately pale and dark. Secondaries
shiny white with veins slightly outlined in dark. Beneath primaries pale gray
with darker costa and fringes, latter checkered basally with white ; secondaries
as above. Expanse 35 mm.

Habitat: Palm Spgs., Riverside Co., Calif. (Mch.) 1 S. Type, Coll.
Barnes.

This very distinct species should be easily recognized by the
pure white secondaries, the basal black dot and the white quadrate
patch in the submedian fold.

Oncocnemis primula sp. nov. (PI. XVII, Fig. 3).

Head and thorax a delicate flesh color, a transverse dark band on tegulae,
patagia with two black spots and a larger black spot on mesothorax centro-
dorsally; squammation largely hairy. Primaries flesh-color, the median area
largely suffused with black on which background a small round orbicular with
central black dot and a very large, almost quadrate, reniform stand out sharply;
slight dark basal shading; t. a. line upright, black, irregular; t. p. line gem-
inate, costal portion lost in black shading, lower portion inwardly oblique and
dentate ; slight black subterminal spotting consisting of a costal blotch, a slight
patch around vein 3 and another at anal angle ; fringes concolorous, with
incomplete row of dark basal dots. Secondaries in both sexes white with a
geminate black dot at anal angle which in the 9 shows traces of being
continued toward costa as a dark s. t. line. Beneath white with maculation of
upper side partially visible. Expanse 31 mm.

Habitat: Palm Spgs., Riverside Co., Calif. (Mch.) 1 ^,1 $. Types.
Coll. Barnes.

101

Closely allied to flagrantis Sm., differing in the larger size, brighter
cx)loration, and white secondaries in both sexes.

Graptolitha puella Sm.

The acquisition recently of the co-type of this species from the Doll
Collection shows that the figure given in Hampson's Cat. Lep. Het.
Brit. Mus. PI. CII, Fig. 30, is very faulty, much too pale and apt to
give an entirely erroneous impression of the species ; it is only fair,
however, to Sir Geo. Hampson to state that the species was unknown
to him and his figure is merely a reproduction of a colored drawing
of the type in the National Museum which was evidently poorly exe-
cuted; Smith's original photograph (Tr Am. Ent. Soc. XXVII, PI.
IV, Fig. 25) gives a much better idea of the species and shows it to
be extremely close to what we described later from Kerrville, Texas,
as laccyi (Contr. II, (3), p. Ill), in fact they are so close that we
should be inclined to consider the two names as synonymous if it
were not for the widely separated type localities, the two specimens
of pnclla being labelled California; of course there is the possibility
that this label is erroneous as many of the older collectors (from one
of whom these type specimens apparently came) were careless in
their data, but lacking at the present time sufficient material, we
believe it safer to associate the two names closely and leave the matter
of their identity or distinctness to be settled when more material is
available.

EUROTYPE ANCEPS Steph.

In 111. Brit. Ent. Haust., Ill, 31, PI. 26, Fig. 2, Stephens describes
and figures a species which he doubtfully calls polymita Linn. ; in his
Cat. Lep. Brit. Mus. 1850, p. 285, he proposes the name anceps for
the same species, having evidently recognized that it was not the
true polymita and lists it as doubtfully North American. Sir Geo.
Hampson to whom we referred the matter, writes us that Stephens
figure agrees exactly with the type of aciitiss-ima Grt. and we thor-
oughly concur with him in this reference. As Stephens' name has
priority the synonymy of the species must be changed as follows :
anceps Steph.

polymita Steph. {nee Linn.)
acutissima Grt.
form confragosa Morr.
medialis Grt.

102

CONISTRA SIDUS Gn.

In our recent List we followed Hampson in making ivalkcri Grt.
a synonym of sidus Gn. and listing vinulenta Grt. as an aberrational
form. We believe, however, after a study of the original descriptions
that it will be more correct to list vinulenta as the synonym and walkeri
as the form.

Guenee in his description gives the color of sidus as even brick-
red with a yellow reniform which he remarks will probably also be
white in some specimens as in the European satellitia; Grote's descrip-
tion of vinulenta was based on a red specimen with white reniform
as a reference to his description and the colored figure given clearly
shows; the difference between the two is therefore merely a slightly
different shade of the reniform which scarcely warrants a name in our
opinion. There is no type of vinulenta labelled as such at the Phila-
delphia Academy where the type should be, but there is an old speci-
men with a label "No. 239" which agrees excellently with Grote's
figure and which is probably the original type specimen.

Walkeri is based on an ochreous-brown specimen rather suffused
with smoky, the color probably being due to the fact that the speci-
men had hibernated, as we have noticed that nearly all specimens
taken in early spring lack the brilliant color of those of the fall ; no
type is marked as such at Philadelphia but there is in the series a speci-
men on an old pin without a label which agrees so well with Grote's
figure that it could very well be considered the original of it ; the name
walkeri may be used for the dull ochreous form of sidus with suffused
and indistinct maculation but we can see nothing in either Grote's
figures or the presumable types to warrant specific separation.

CONISTRA GRAEFIANA Grt. (PI. XV, Fig. 16).

This species should be removed from the synonymy of indirecta
Wlk. in our list ; our error was due primarily to an apparent mix-up
in the British Museum series as the specimens figured by Hampson
(Cat. Lep. Phal. VI, PI. CVI, Figs. 27, 28) as indirecta Wlk. and
moffatiana Grt. and based seemingly on type material certainly re-
present but one species and Hampson in his text had already referred
graefiana to indirecta Wlk. (Cat. Lep. Phal. VI, 466).

103

The original descriptions of graefiana (Bull. Buff. Soc. II, 89)
and moffatiana (Bull. Geol. Surv. VI, 581) and especially the latter
give us a good clue as to what the true graefiana really is ; the figure
of this latter species in Grote's 111. Essay PI. Ill, Fig. 38, is erroneous
and correctly referred to moffatiana by Hampson, as this is one of
Mr. Moffat's specimens on which Grote based his later name, stating
at the time that graefiana can always be distinguished by its "yellow
ground color, red lines which are also straighter and perhaps thicker,
as well as the paler hind wings" ; the original description of graefiana
bears out these distinctions excellently. It is possible that the true
type is in the Graef Coll. at the Brooklyn Inst.; the British Museum
type, if it agrees with Hampson's figure of indirecta, must be spurious.
We figure both species, our figure of indirecta (PI. XV, Fig. 17) being
of a specimen we compared in 1913 with Walker's type.

HOMOGLAEA VARIEGATA Sp. nov. (PI. XV, Fig. 7).

Palpi and front heavily clothed with pinkish brown hairs ; thorax hairy,
brown ; primaries deep ochreous heavily black-sprinkled leaving the ground
color only visible along the costa, between the geminate portion of t. a. and t. p.
lines and slightly in the cell and subterminally ; basal half line black, indistinct;
t. a. line geminate, slightly outwardly oblique, crenulate, filled with ochreous;
orbicular obliquely oval, large, partially outlined in orange; reniform upright,
narrowly figure-of-eight-shaped, black-filled, the outer edge rather rigid and
outlined in pale ochreous followed by an orange line which extends around
the entire spot ; a dark indefinite median shade-line subparallel to t. a. line ;
veins beyond reniform slightly outlined in ochreous ; t. p. line geminate, gently
sinuate and finely crenulate, filled with pale ochreous, followed by a broad
dark shade band limited outwardly at costa by a dark dash slightly shaded
with orange ; beyond this is a paler s. t. area containing minute black dots
representing s. t. line, followed by dark terminal shading ; fringes dark with
orange-ochreous basal portion, forming a distinct pale crenulate line. Secon-
daries dark smoky with paler, slightly pinkish fringes. Beneath primaries smoky
with distinct pinkish shades along costa and terminally; secondaries paler, pink
shaded with prominent dark discal dot and postmedian line. Expanse 40 mm.

Habitat : Palmerlee, Ariz. 2 S . Types, Coll. Barnes.

In one $ , which we have made a Paratype, the ground color is
a pale pinkish ochreous with obsolescent maculation ; enough remains
of the spots, the costo-apical dash and the s. t. line to show that the
two specimens belong to a single species which doubtless shows great
variability as regards the ground color and distinctness of maculation.

104

ACRONYCTINAE

Trachea rubiginosa Wlk.

Sir Geo. Hampson informs us that this species, listed by us in
the genus Oligia, is in all probability a synonym of Trachea binotata
Wlk., being another of those cases in which Walker described the
same specimen twice under different names. Rubiginosa was described
from a S from Vancouver Is. presented by Dr. Lyall (Cat. Lep. P..
M. XXXII, 674) and binotata a few pages previously (1. c. p. 663)
from a specimen from the same source and locality so that there is
every reason to believe that Hampson is correct, especially as nothing
in the description contradicts this association.

Trachea monica sp. nov. (PI. XV, Fig. 9).

Very similar to susqucsa Sm. (Fig. 8) of which it may be possibly a race;
the general ground color of the primaries is much deeper with less of the
light brown shades; the pale areas, on the contrary, beyond the reniform and
claviform are paler, almost whitish and the veins 3, 4, 6 and 7 are better out-
lined terminally with white; the maculation is similar, but more indistinct;
the general squammation of the wing is rougher; secondaries rather heavily
and evenly sprinkled with smoky over a white ground; on the underside the
discal spot which is quite prominent in susquesa is reduced to the merest
dot and there is no postmedian line ; the excavation of the outer margin at vein
5 appears also to be rather smaller; the wing expanse (34 mm.) is distinctly
larger.

Habitat: Redington, Ariz. 2 $. Types, Coll. Barnes.

Trachea serrula sp. nov. (PI. XVI, Fig. 7).

S antennae distinctly serrate and fasciculate; head and thorax dark
gray, peppered with white; primaries similar in color with slight pale ochreous
shades beyond reniform and claviform and a rather indistinct maculation with
the exception of a black basal streak and a large claviform, outlined in black
and extending across the whole median space; t. a. line scarcely traceable, in
general slightly oblique and irregular; t. p. line obscure, bent outward below
costa to just beyond reniform and then inwardly oblique, passing very close
to lower end of reniform, orbicular dark, oval, partially outlined with white;
reniform figure-of-eight-shaped, outlined, especially in lower portion, with
black and followed by a palish shade occupying the betid of the t. p. line; s. t.
line close to outer margin, obscure, best marked by white dentate streaks on
veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7; terminal space somewhat darker than subterminal
one; fringes dark, spotted with ochreous at end of veins; secondaries strongly
excavated at vein 5, whitish in $ with veins and outer border sprinkled with
smoky, in 9 largely smoky. Beneath pale, more or less sprinkled with smoky,
especially primaries, with small discal dot on each wing. Expanse 30 mm.

Habitat: Palm Spgs., Riverside Co., Calif. 7 S, 2 9. Types, Coll.
Barnes.

105

The species belongs in tlie binotata group and is closely allied to
susquesa Sm., but differs in the distinctly serrate antennae and the
course of the t. p. line which is less bent around cell and more closely
approximate to reniform; the color also is dark gray instead of
brownish.

Agroperina popofensis Sm.

This species, described as a Luperina (1900, Proc. Wash. Acad.
Sci. II, 492), should be transferred to the genus Agroperina; an ex-
amination of the type shows it to be very close to indela Sm. of which
it is probably only a northern race ; we have a series from Kodiak,
Alaska.

ACRONYCTA ARIOCH Stkr.

In our notes concerning this species in Contr. Ill (3), 166, we
have made a rather grave error, confusing the species evidently with
A. gasta Stkr.; it is this latter species which resembles so closely A.
megacephala from Europe as to lead to our suggestion that the speci-
men serving as type bore a wrong locality label. A. arioch, which is
related to oblinita A. & S. should be reinstated on our lists, whilst
gasta may be dropped ; the type specimen was received by Strecker,
according to information received from Mr. Wm. Gerhard of the
Field Museum, from a Chicago collector, Paul Vollbrecht, a German
by birth, who might accidentally have mixed a European specimen
with those collected in the vicinity of Chicago by himself.

Merolonche dolli sp. nov. (PI. XVI, Fig. 6).

S antennae lamellate; head and thorax hairy, dark gray; collar with a
central black vertical line ; thorax with two central dark lines, upper and lower
edges of patagia black ; primaries dark gray, heavily black shaded ; a minute
black dash on costa at base followed outwardly by a pale patch representing
the filling of an obsolete subbasal line; a distinct black basal dash below median
vein reaching to t. a. line ; this hne geminate, very distinct due to the pale fill-
ing, with three prominent outward angles, below costa, below median vein
and above inner margin ; median space largely blackish with a pale oblique
costal patch, descending between the spots almost to t. p. line ; orbicular small,
round, white centered ; reniform obscured by black shades, rather broadly
lunate ; t. p. line very distinctly dentate, geminate, pale-filled, bent out around
cell and incurved in fold ; s. t. line represented by a few intravenular dark
marks on a paler ground color ; secondaries dull smoky with whitish fringes.

106

Beneath primaries smoky, secondaries whitish with smoky sprinkling and a
small discal dash. Expanse 37 mm.

Habitat: Central Park, L. I., N. Y. (April) 2 S- Types, Coll. Barnes.

We recently received the types with other Noctuid material from
the Doll Collection and take pleasure in naming the species after this
well known collector; we believe the species has been known to East-
ern collectors for some time but there seems to be no available name,
and it is the first Eastern record for a species of this genus. In
appearance it superficially resembles a dark Acronycta distans Grt.
but the hairy nature of the palpal and thoracic vestiture as well as a
reduced proboscis render the reference to Mcrolonche advisable; the
antennae resemble those of spinea Grt. with the slight lateral projec-
tions reduced to mere stubs, giving a distinctly lamellate appearance.

Leucocnemis variabilis sp. nov. (PI. XVII, Figs. 13, 14).

9 . Primaries dark gray sprinkled with white and shaded slightly with
ochreous; t a. and t. p. lines wanting; orbicular a long decumbent oval, white
with dark center; reniform small, irregular, whitish; claviform indistinct, out-
lined in dark, longer than orbicular; s. t. line close to edge of wing, white,
very irregularly dentate, preceded below apex by several blackish streaks ; a
white terminal line followed by a black line at base of fringes; these are long,
whitish with the terminal portion checkered with black. Secondaries pale
smoky ochreous. Beneath pale, primaries tinged with smoky along costa and
outer margin.

S . Much paler than 9 as a rule, almost whitish with obsolete macula-
tion. Expanse 20 mm.

Habitat: Olancha, Inyo Co., Calif. 11 ^,16 9. Types, Coll. Barnes.

The species is extraordinarily variable; our description is drawn
up from a well marked 9 but we have all manner of intergrades to
almost immaculate white specimens with the merest traces of dark
shades ; in general the S 's are decidedly paler and more immaculate
than the 9 's and of the series before us only one 5 specimen
shows a maculation in agreement with the above description. The
palest specimens still show traces of the dark terminal spots on
fringes and a slight dark apical shade.

Stilbia apposita sp. nov. (PI. XVI, Fig. 8).

Head and thorax dark gray, the latter with small divided mesothoracic
tuft tipped with blackish; abdomen smooth, smoky ochreous; primaries dark

107

gray slightly suffused with ochreous in the submedian fold and heavily shaded
with blackish in costo-median and subterminal areas; t. a. line geminate, black,
partially white-filled, irregularly dentate with outward angle on cubital vein
and inward tooth in the fold ; orbicular obscure, round, largely lost in the dark
costal shading; renifomi conspicuous, whitish, with central lunate dark streak;
t. p. line obscure, oblique at costa followed by whitish shading, bent around
reniform and almost touching it with inward curve in the fold and outward
tooth on vein 1 ; s. t. line defined by dark shading in s. t. area, inwardly oblique
from apex to vein 6, bulging outwardly across veins 3-5, curved inward in the
fold and bent outward above inner margin ; apical area white-shaded ; a ter-
minal dark line ; fringes smoky, deeper basally. Secondaries smoky-ochreous
with heavy, broad, smoky outward border partially broken by ochreous shades
in extreme terminal area; traces of a curved t. p. line preceding this border;
a heavy dark terminal line ; fringes pale at base followed by a smoky area,
the tips being whitish. Beneath primaries smoky, sprinkled lightly with whitish
and with a round pale discal spot ; secondaries paler than above. Expanse
28 mm.

Habitat: Prescott, Arizona (June, Sept.) 2 9. Types, Coll. Barnes.

The lack of definite structural characters would seem to place
the species in Stilbia; in maculation it seems fairly close to the type
of the genus, anomala Haw.

ACOPA BISTRIGATA Sp. HOV. (PI. XVII, Fig. 18).

$ antennae thick, serrate and fasciculate ; proboscis wanting ; front rather
roughly prominent ; thoracic vestiture rough, scaly, mixed brown and white ;
abdomen grayish, untufted ; legs heavily clothed with thick brown hairs; pri-
maries short, broad, light brown, shaded with paler, basal area darker ; t. a.
line broad, white, straight to submedian fold, then with a prominent outward
tooth above vein 1 ; a broad white discal dash continued by a white line to inner
margin, subparallel to t. a. line; a white line at apex of wing preceded by a
large dark brown patch ; a ruddy brown broken terminal line ; secondaries
pinkish-brown. Beneath primaries smoky, tinged with ruddy with a white
dash at apex and another a short distance from it on costa, the area between
being brownish ; secondaries pale, sprinkled with ruddy-brown with a brown
apical patch and traces of a curved postmedian line. Expanse 21 mm.

Habitat: Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz. (Aug.); Huachuca Mts., Ariz.
(Aug.) 2 $ . Types, Coll. Barnes.

The reference to Acopa is not very satisfactory although it runs
out to this genus by Hampson's key; the heavy hairy clothing of the
legs and the general appearance point to a new genus, but we are loath
at the present time to create a new one, and place it provisionally here.

108

Namangana viridescens sp. nov. (PI. XV, Fig. 12).

$ antennae rather broad, ciliate and fasciculate; palpi ascending, deep
chocolate brown, rimmed with ochreous at end of 2nd joint; front smooth,
roughly clad with long chocolate-brown hairs; head and thorax with rough
squammation of hair-like* scales, emerald-green with slight brown admixture,
ochreous at base of antennae; patagia partially chocolate-brown, broadly ringed
with ochreous ; primaries deep black-brown strongly suffused with emerald-
green; basal line curved, geminate, green-filled; t. a. line rather irregular, in
general upright, green-filled; claviform very large, outlined in green, open
above and below, dark filled; reniform rather obscure and much as orbicular
in size, partially outlined and filled with green; t. p. line green-filled, arising
from a green costal patch above reniform, bent strongly out just below costa
to well beyond reniform, then parallel to outer margin with slight inward tooth
in submedian fold; s. t. line poorly defined, whitish, preceded by broad green
lunules in central portion of wing; terminal area green with brown-lined veins
and terminal interspaceal blackish triangular spots; fringes pale, cut with black-
ish opposite the spots. Secondaries brownish ochreous along inner margin ;
traces of a pale postmedian curved line and a pale terminal line between vein
3 and inner angle with dark lunules at edge of wing; fringes ochreous cut by
smoky patches. Beneath primaries smoky-brown, tinged with ochreous on costa
and fringes with traces of a postmedian dark line; secondaries pale ochreous,
sprinkled with brown with large brown discal spot and distinct curved crenu-
late postmedian line; fringes on both wings ochreous cut with brown. Ex-
panse 40 mm.

Habitat: $ Chiricahua Mts., Arizona (Sept.), 9, S. W. Arizona.
1 ^ , 1 9 . Types, Coll. Barnes.

The generic reference is provisional ; it is impossible to follow out
the species in Hampson's key as the thoracic vestiture is disarranged
in our speciinens and all marked structural features are lacking; in
any case at the best Hampson's finer subdivisions, based on the diver-
gent nature of the thoracic tufting, are extremely difficult to compre-
hend and we are not at all convinced that he has correctly diagnosed
all our North American species. To our mind the present species is
related to a group of species consisting of sniaragdina Neum., marina
Sm., laetabilis Sm. and canoa Barnes ; all these show a rounded frontal
prominence smoothly clothed with closely appressed scales, diflfering
in this respect from viridescens but resembling it in general habitus,
smooth abdomen and lack of further definite structural characters.
These four species were placed by Hampson in the genera Trachea,
Cerma, Amiana and Namangana but with the exception of laetabilis
were unknown to him at the time; laetabilis is obviously incorrectly
placed (owing to a wrong conception of Dyar's genus Amiana which

109

falls near Lithacodia) and we placed it in our list provisionally in
Nantangana which, as we have already had occasion to remark, is
more or less of a dumping ground for species with uncertain rela-
tionships. Possibly some of Dr. Dyar's new Mexican genera will prove
to be the final resting place for these troublesome species but until we
have had the opportunity of examining his types we are uncertain
even of this.

EuTRicopis NEXiLis Morr.

This species, which occurs in Colorado and the Pacific Northwest,
shows typically on the underside, apart from the ordinary pale median
spots, considerable whitish shading on the secondaries at the base
and costo-apically ; we have a series of specimens from the southern
Sierras which entirely lack this pale shading with the exception of a
few pale hairs basally ; the secondaries, roughly speaking, show a deep
pink costal half and a black inner half, the pink portion extending
about half way down outer margin ; there is a rather broad black
marginal line on both wings below and the fringes of primaries on
upper side are prominently white with a dark apical spot ; otherwise
we can see no marked difTerence in maculation between the forms
which we consider racial; for the Californian form we propose the
name subcolorata, our types being 8 5,3 9 from Tuolumne
Meadows, Calif. (July) ; we also have specimens from Mineral King,
Tulare Co., CaHf. (July).

Annaphila astrologa sp. nov. (PI. XIX, Fig. 11).

Pectus and base of palpi white ; upper side of palpi black ; thorax scaled
with black and white and with a few reddish-colored hairs ; abdomen blackish,
ringed with pale ochreous inter-segmentally ; primaries largely blackish; t. a.
line geminate, filled with white, slightly oblique with prominent outward angle
below cell ; orbicular obscure, round, outlined in black, crossed by a dark median
line, subparallel to t. a. line ; reniform oval, white, dark centered, attached
outwardly to the broadly white-shaded t. p. line which starts from a white spot
on costa, forms a small loop at upper end of reniform followed by a much
larger one crossing vein 4, bends strongly inward below cell forming two
slight teeth and then bulges outward to inner margin ; s. t. space slightly shaded
with blue-white ; s. t. line white, faint, irregular, close to outer margin. Sec-
ondaries with central area orange, basal area black with slight orange shades ;
a broad black outer border into which the orange color bulges roundedly
opposite cell ; a very faint trace of a black discal dot or else none at all.
Beneath primaries orange crossed by broad black median and subterminal bands
the latter strongly broadened at costa ; terminal area white-shaded ; a faint

110

discal dot ; secondaries orange with narrow antemedian black curved line, small
discal dot and broad black outer border, interrupted terminally by whitish
ochreous shading, broadest and most distinct at apex; fringes dusky, slightly
marked with white on secondaries. Expanse 21 mm.

Habitat: Redington, Ariz.; S. Ariz. (Poling); Ariz. 4 5. Types, Coll.
Barnes.

We figured this species as divinula Grt. in our Contributions,
Vol. I, No. 4, PI. XXV, Fig. 10; it differs however from this Cali-
fornia species (PI. XIX, Fig. 13) in its larger size and lack of prom-
inent black discal streak on secondaries above and on all wings beneath
besides other minor details of maculation.

PSEUDACONTIA MODESTELLA sp. nOV. (PI. XVI, Fig. 13).

Very similar to groteana Dyar (Fig. 14) but smaller in size and deeper
in color, the whole wing being deep black-brown without any gray shading
and with all the maculation except the t. p. line obsolete ; the t. p. line as in
groteana with the white shade above inner margin slightly more conspicuous;
fringes unicolorous blackish without the checkered terminal area of groteana.
Beneath blackish, primaries with a white spot beyond the cell and another
below it on inner m.irgin ; secondaries with two superimposed white spots at
end of cell and a sma'l one above anal angle. Expanse 19 mm.

Habitat: Camp Baldy, S. Bern. Mts., Calif. (July) 1 ^,5 9. Types,
Coll. Barnes.

ERASTRIINAE

Oruza albocostaliata Pack.

As Dr. Dyar has pointed out (1914, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
XLVII, 379) this species should be removed from the genus Eleo-
nectyptera as listed by us (No. 3457) and placed in the genus Oruza
Wlk. to precede Cobubatha Wlk.

A second species closely related to the above and unfortunately
very similar in name is albocostata Druce (1899, Biol. Cent. Am.
Het., II, 537, PI. 99, Fig. 8) of which we have several specimens from
Arizona ; in Druce's species the white costal streak is rather narrower,
especially toward apex of wing, the discal mark is usually faint and
when present is a distinct lunule, not a round dot as in albocostaliata;
the subterminal line is also not so sharply defined. This species should
be added to our list.

Ill

OzARBA NEBULA sp. nov. (PI. XVIII, Fig. 5).

Primaries pinkish-gray suffused with olivaceous in the outer portion of
median area and the costal portion of the subterminal area ; t. a. line geminate,
pink-filled, upright, with an outward bulge in the submedian fold ; median
shade dark, outwardly oblique from costa to a point on the submedian fold
close to t. p. line, then bent slightly inward and again bulging outwardly to
inner margin ; t. p. line geminate, pink-filled, outwardly oblique to vein 7, con-
cave to vein 5, forming two short teeth on veins 5 and 7, then straight and
slightly inwardly oblique to inner margin; reniform a narrow oblique oval,
outlined in white and situated close to t. p. line, the intermediate portion filled
with pinkish ; beyond the teeth of the t. p. line two olivaceous-brown streaks,
the upper one broader and heavier; several white points on costa beyond t. p.
line with olivaceous shading beyond them ; s. t. line, faint, pale, in general par-
allel to outer margin; a faint pale terminal line; fringes purplish with pale
pink apex. Secondaries pale smoky. Beneath primaries dark smoky, secon-
daries paler with small discal dot and traces of curved postmedian line. Ex-
panse 15 mm.

Habitat: Winnfield, La. (June 16-23). 1 <J . Type, Coll. Barnes.

Besides the type we have three worn specimens, two labelled
"Texas", the other Chokoloskee, Fla. The species is closely related
to aeria Grt. and fannia Druce but the small size and white-outlined
reniform should distinguish it ; apparently in some collections it has
been placed under aetheria Grt. as one of our specimens is so labelled.

Chamyris sirius sp. nov. (PI. XVII, Fig. 17).

Very close superficially to cerintha in maculation but differing in the
following points; the base of the collar is very distinctly white-banded which
is only very occasionally the case in cerintha; the basal white area on pri-
maries juts further out into the following dark space along the median vein;
the orbicular and reniform are more definitely outlined in black and the greenish
or purplish waved lines between them are less suffused and form four quite
distinct lines on inner margin ; the t. p. line is shaded outwardly with dark
brown for its whole length and the crenulations of the s. t. line are deeper ; the
size is smaller. Expanse 25 mm.

Habitat : Kerrville, Texas. 1 $ , 2 9 . Types, Coll. Barnes.

Genus Cryphia Hbn.

This monotypical genus is based on the species nana, figured in
the Zutr. Exot. Schmett. Figs. 53-54 from Georgia. Following Grote
and Smith (who however had never satisfactorily identified it) the
species has been generally listed in our North American catalogues
under Bryophila or Jaspidia. Hampson (1910, Cat. Lep. Phal. Brit.
Mus., X, 552) on the strength of a single Alabama specimen in the

112

Grote collection, has referred the species to the genus Lithacodia
Hbn. ; we have before us a specimen of the species identified by Hamp-
son as nana but doubt greatly the correctness of this determination ;
to our mind the reference of actheria Grt. as a synonym of nana, as
given in our Check List, seems more probably; of course it will be
impossible ever to be absolutely certain concerning the identity of
the species, but we would call attention to the fact that the t. p. line
in Hubner's figure is represented as being squarely exserted around
the cell, which certainly fits actheria of which we figure a specimen
(PI. XVIII, Fig. 4) which has been compared with Grote's type
and marked "exact". We see, therefore, no reason for changing the
conception of the species as given in our list in which Crypliia Hbn.
supercedes Hyperstrotia Hamp., both genera being based on the same
species ; the venation as given in Hampson's diagnosis is correct, veins
7, 8 and 9 of primaries being stalked, 10 and 11 free and no accessory
cell.

Two closely allied species, flavigiittata Grt. and sccta Grt., have
been included in Eustrotia by Hampson presumably because a small
accessory cell is present although a note under the latter species calls
attention to a variability in the venation of the specimens under this
name in the British Museum collection. Typically we find that in
Eustrotia vein 7 is connate with 8 and 9 from the angle of the acces-
sory cell, 10 being free from its upper corner ; we have examined two
specimens of ftaviguttata and six specimens of secta (1 $ , S 9 ) and
find that in all cases vein 7 is distinctly stalked with 8 and 9, an acces-
sory cell being present but reduced in size. The stalked nature of
vein 7 combined with the general maculation certainly points toward
an association with the genus Crypliia from which indeed the venation
only differs in the presence of the small accessory cell ; as this however
is apparently constant and would represent a more primitive type
according to Hampson (1. c. p. 2 ) we propose the generic term Pro-
TOCRYPHiA for these two species, specifying secta Grt. as type of the
genus.

Several species have been mixed under the name sccta in our
collections, which probably accounts for Hampson's remark concern-
ing the variability of the venation; the true secta (PI. XVIII, Fig. 7)
is readily recognized by the presence of a large dark patch at the
center of the inner margin; both Grote's original diagnosis and his

113

type specimen agree in this respect. We have before us specimens
(2 5,4 9 ) of a very similar species which, however, is at once
distinguished by the even gray color of the primaries with no dark
blotch on inner margin ; the venation also is constantly different, there
being no accessory cell, 7, 8 and 9 stalked, 10 free but very closely
approached to 11 for a short distance beyond its point of origin; it
is a true Cryphia and apparently unnamed ; we describe it as follows :

Cryphia pervertens sp. nov. (PI. XVIII, Fig. 8).

Primaries rather dark gray, variably shaded with lighter gray, maculation
obscure; t. a. line straight to cubital vein then slightly angled and somewhat
inwardly oblique, preceded by faint dark blotch on costa ; median shade out-
wardly oblique from center of costa to inner margin close to t. p. line ; reniform
small, narrow, partially outlined in whitish with two superimposed black dots
in center, the upper one often obsolete ; t. p. line squarely exserted around
cell, bent inward in submedian fold; s. t. line faint, irregular, preceded below
costa by a darker shade ; terminal broken dark line. Secondaries deep smoky.
Expanse 19 mm.

Habitat: New Brighton, Pa. (June-July), Big Indian Valley, Catskill
Mts., N. Y. (July). 2 $, A 9. Types, Coll. Barnes.

A third species, similar in venation to pervertens but which accord-
ing to our dated material is on the wing a month later than this species
we characterize as follows :

Cryphia villificans sp. nov. (PI. XVIII, Fig. 9).

Primaries deeper in color than pervertens with more contrasted colora-
tion, the inner side of t. a. line and outer edge of t. p. line being more or less
relieved by white shading ; maculation very similar to that of pervertens but
t. a. line with stronger angle on cubitus and more oblique lower half; lower
portion of median area partially brown-shaded, approaching seeta Grt. in this
respect somewhat; a whitish apical oblique shade; s. t. line more irregular
than in preceding species.

Habitat: New Brighton, Pa. (July-Aug.) ; Essex Co., N. J. (July). 5 9.
Types, Coll. Barnes.

The species identified by Hampson as nana is without a name if
our conception of Hubner's species be accepted as correct ; it corre-
sponds fairly well structurally with the definition of Lithacodia except
that the front is prominently bulging and not smooth as in our other
North American species ; this would throw it according to Hampson's
keys into Bryocodia Hamp.. but as it appears to have little similarity

114

to the species included under this generic head by Hampson we describe
it as a Lithacodia in which genus it appears at least fairly at home.

LiTHACODIA INDETERMINATA Sp. nOV. (PI. XVIII, Fig. 3).

Metathorax with prominent scale tuft; abdomen with large tufts on 4th
and 5th segments ; primaries deep dark gray scarcely relieved by paler shading,
with obscure maculation ; t. a. line obscurely geminate, poorly defined and
rather irregularly dentate in costal half, strongly inwardly oblique below cell
and quite prominently black; a broad oblique costal patch in median area rather
paler than the ground color followed by a narrow dark shade which connects
with a small loop-like reniform, defined in black and open toward costa, con-
nected by a fine black line along vein 3 with t. p. line ; below this a faint ruddy
shade stretching across t. p. line; a faint black line from angle of t. a. line
through submedian fold but not reaching t. p. line ; this line obscure, geminate,
crenulate, outwardly bulging to vein 3 then curved sharply inward and again
straight below fold to inner margin ; beyond t. p. line at costa a slightly darker
patch defined below by a distinct short black line extending between t. p. and
s. t. lines; s. t. line pale, obscure, irregular, rather prominently bulging across
veins 3 and 4; faint broken dark terminal line; secondaries smoky. Beneath
primaries smoky, secondaries paler with distinct discal dot and faint post-
median curved line. Expanse 19 mm.

Habitat : Winnfield, La. 1 2 . Type, Coll. Barnes.

The species resembles somewhat a Sarrothrips, the primaries being
rather broad with the costal and inner margins semiparallel.

HOPLOTARACHE ALBIOCULA sp. HOV. (PI. XVII, Fig. 12).

Palpi white laterally; front and thorax with an admixture of white and
black scaling, the former with a raised circular process with tubercle on its
lower margin, abdomen smoky gray, untufted; primaries pale ochreous, heavily
suffused with blackish in median and subterminal areas ; basal area pale with
a fine black basal streak connecting with a long ill-defined claviform outlined
in black and filled with white and continued by a white line to s. t. line ; t. a.
line marked by an oblique dark streak from costa and a dentate mark at inner
margin ; median space largely dark except between the spots and beyond the
reniform; both spots prominent, white, the orbicular decumbent, oval, the
reniform large, rounded ; t. p. line not defined ; s. t. line commencing as an
oblique dark streak from apex and continued as a diffuse dark shade parallel
to outer margin with a small outward bend at inner margin ; the terminal area
more or less pale with slight dark shading ; fringes sharply black and white
checkered. Secondaries smoky with veins partially lined with black and
blackish fringes slightly pointed with white. Beneath pale smoky with dark
checkered fringes; traces of a diffuse s. t. line on primaries and a large discal
spot on secondaries. Expanse 22 mm.

Habitat: Olancha, Inyo Co., Calif. 1 ?. Type, Coll. Barnes.

115

The species according to Hampson's key would fall into the above
genus, although totally dissimilar to the other species placed here.
Superficially it bears considerable similarity to our Leucocnemis vari-
abilis but is darker and heavier marked. Possibly its nearest ally is
Paracretonia aleptivoides B. & McD. a desert species from the same
general region.

Tarache CORA sp. nov. (PI. XVII, Figs. 19, 20).

$ . Front and collar white ; thorax largely purple-brown, the patagia
shaded with white ; abdomen dull ochreous ; primaries with hyaline fovea at
base ; costal edge to near apex broadly white, narrowing beyond cell ; remainder
of wing purple-brown, shaded with olivaceous just below the white area which
is crossed by two yellow outwardly oblique bands, dividing the wing into three
equal parts, the border line between the light and dark areas of wing forming
a slight angle where the inner yellow band touches it ; above inner margin
beyond fovea some slight pale marks indicate the t. a. line ; reniform round,
partially projecting into white costal area and outlined in blackish; t. p. line
only distinct above inner margin as a waved white line margined inwardly
by olivaceous which is preceded by some bluish-white scaling; subterminal
area shaded with bluish-white; terminal area white, broadest above anal angle,
narrowed to a point some distance below apex, bisected by a pale yellow shade ;
terminal dark dots on apical portion of outer margin ; fringes white with a
slight apical dark shade and a larger one opposite cell ; secondaries hyaline
whitish, shaded along outer margin with brownish ; fringes with basal half
pale brownish, outer portion white. Beneath primaries smoky brown with cell
ochreous; secondaries paler than above with faint dark discal dash. Expanse
25 mm.

$ . Larger than S with basal half of primaries white, crossed by a
broad sinuate yellow band originating in a purple-brown costal blotch and
preceded by a bluish-gray costo-basal round spot and similar shading along
inner margin ; orbicular a small round blue-gray spot ; reniform a similar
larger spot partially encircled with white; a faint gray shade between spots;
outer area of wing purple-brown shaded with olivaceous and blue gray with
large triangular white costo-apical spot ; a strongly sinuate t. p. band bends
around reniform, largely olivaceous, bordered outwardly with blackish and
arising from a blackish blotch on costa; irregular bluish-white shading sub-
terminally; terminal area and fringes as in S except latter have slight dark
shade above anal angle. Secondaries pale smoky, darker outwardly. Beneath
primaries smoky with palish costo-apical patch ; secondaries creamy with small
discal dash. Expanse 28 mm.

Habitat : 3 , Baboquivera Mts., Ariz. ; 9 Redington, Ariz., Paradise,
Ariz. 1 $.5 9. Types, Coll. Barnes.

We are not sure that our $ and 9 represent the sexes of a
single species, but judging by the sexual diflferences found in allied

116

species {lucasi Sm., tctragona Wlk.) we should not be surprised to
find our reference correct ; the S resembles lanceolata Sm. but may
be distinguished by the basal fovea ; veins 3 and 4 of secondaries are
stalked in both sexes.

CATOCALINAE

CaENURGIA TRIANGULA sp. HOV. (PI. XV, Fig. 13).

Head and thorax light purplish-gray ; primaries with the cell, costal region
to t. p. line and inner margin purplish gray; reniform narrow, gray, slightly
oblique, continued by an oblique broader band of similar color bordered finely
with white to a point above anal angle ; the large triangular basal area formed
by this band, the cubital vein and vein 1 is deep black brown, its lower margin
straight and bordered by a fine whitish line; before reniform and near base
of wing just above inner margin slight blackish streaks ; t. p. line white, rigid,
from a point on costa before apex to near inner margin where it connects
with the upper border line of the pale band joining the reniform with the
anal angle thus forming at this point a sharp acute angle ; this angle as far as
vein 3 is filled with a triangular patch of black-brown ; between veins 3 and 4
from their point of origin to t. p. line is a pale brown shade and between veins 4
and 6 in the space between reniform and t. p. line a quadrilateral black-brown
patch above which the costal region is purple-gray; s. t. space light brown
bordered outwardly by a blackish s. t. line, rigid, parallel to t. p. line and some-
what diffuse below apex ; terminal space purplish-gray bordered by a fine dark
terminal line ; fringes dusky. Secondaries smoky crossed by a pale postmedian
band somewhat bent above anal angle ; a darker subterminal shade and dark
terminal line. Beneath light smokj' ochreous with traces of paler postmedian
band on both wings. Expanse 28-30 mm.

Habitat : Redington, Ariz. ; Palmerlee, Ariz. ; Santa Catalina Mts., Ariz.
6 5,6 9 . Types, Coll. Barnes.

The species is allied to infcrcalaris Grt. (PI. XV, Fig. 14), but
has a much longer triangular black basal patch, the lower margin of
which is straight and not curved up near base as in Grote's species ;
the paler area separating the two dark patches beyond the reniform
is confined to the area between veins 3 and 4 in our species whereas
in intercalaris it extends between veins 3 and 5 and is much paler in
color ; various other points of distinction may be noted from our illus-
trations. We also figure (PI. XV, Fig. 15) diagonalis Dyar which
we are not convinced is specifically distinct from intercalaris.

DoRYODES BiSTRiALis Geycr. (PI. XVII. Figs. 4, 5).

In sorting over our material of this genus we were struck by the
fact that specimens from the Northern Atlantic and New England

117

States were invariably larger and darker than those from southern
localities ; as there appeared to be two races or possibly species involved
it was necessary if possible to ascertain to which form Geyer's name
was applicable. The species was figured in the Zutraege, IV, Figs.
775-6 but unfortunately in the text the only locality given is "North
America" ; from the figure it is impossible to ascertain the minute
details, but we would note that the size of the figure is distinctly smaller
than that of the New York and Maine specimens ; it might also be
noted that a large proportion of Hubner's North American material
came from Georgia (presumably from Abbot's collecting) so that
there would be nothing out of the way in selecting this state as the
home of the species.

Acutaria H. S. was figured in the Samml. Eur. Schmett., VI, 74,
Fig. 447, as a European species and as we have no access at present
to this work we have been forced to rely on Guenee's description and
figure, drawn up from two Georgia specimens (Sp. Gen., X, 233, PI.
17, Fig. 6) ; this figure is also poor but the size is small as was to be
expected from the locality given for the specimens. Hampson in his
Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., XIII, p. 114, figures the large northern form
as bistrialis, having no southern material before him except Floridan
material which he has referred to spadaria Gn., his diagnosis of this
latter species corresponding with our own identification from a series
from Everglade, Fla. ; we imagine therefore that we are safe in fol-
lowing Hampson's citation of diz'isa Wlk. and promptella Wlk. to
spadaria Gn. especially as the size given by Walker for his types
distinctly points to their being large forms.

As far then as our present knowledge goes we must apply the
name bistrialis Geyer with synonym acutaria H. S. to the small southern
form which in the S 's averages a wing expanse of 30 mm. and in
the 9 's about 34 mm. We have the form from as far north as
Southern Pines, N. C. (figured by us as bistrialis, Contr. I, (5) PI.
VIII, Fig. 19) and from various Florida localities (Ft. Myers, Dade
City, Glenwood) ; we imagine the Everglade specimens listed in Gross-
beck's List of Florida Insects (Bull. Am. Mus., 37, p. 66) under
bistriaria should be referred to spadaria; all our specimens collected
at the same time were this latter species.

For the larger northern form we propose the racial name grandi-
PENNis (PI. XVII, Figs. 1, 2), our type series consisting of 7 S's

118

from Long Is., N. Y., Kittery, Me., Elizabeth and Anglesea, N. J.;
the average expanse in the $ 's is 34 mm. and of the 9 's 37 mm. ;
the race, besides being larger, is deeper ochreous with less of the
purplish suffusion found in the smaller southern specimens and the
dark streak from base of wing is usually quite broad with the upper
and lower silver borderings overlapping well at end of cell ; in size
and general appearance it looks closer to spadaria (PI. XVII, Figs.
7, 8) than to bistrialis. We figure our conception of all the species
and add the description of what appears to be a good species, as far
as species go in this genus.

DORYODES TENUISTRIGA sp. nOV. (PI. XVII, FigS. 10, 11).

Thorax pale pinkish-gray; primaries pale olive-ochreous, broadly shaded
along costa and inner and outer margins with pale purplish ; two faint dots in
the cell; a narrow, dark, olive-brown striga below median vein narrowing at
end of cell and curving upward to below apex bordered by a silver streak on
upper side to end of cell and on under side from apex to vein 3, a faint dark
s. t. line near outer margin not reaching below submedian fold. Secondaries
whitish. Beneath primaries smoky, secondaries whitish with smoky costa. Ex-
panse S 33 mm., 9 41 mm.

Habitat: San Benito, Texas (Mch.-Apr.) ; Brownsville, Texas (Mch.).
2 5,1 9. Types, Coll. Barnes.

The species may be distinguished from spadaria Gn. by the paler
ground color and the narrower black striga, especially noticeable at
end of cell where the two silver streaks slightly overlap; the apex
of primaries seems also less pointed in the S sex.

EREBINAE

Drasteria graphica Hbn.

The type locality of this species which is figured in Hiibner's
Zutrage I, Figs. 11-12, is given as Georgia; both the locality and the
figure point strongly to graphica being the same species as capiticola
Wlk., given specific rank in our List and figured in both sexes by us
(Contr. Ill, (3) PI. XIII, Figs. 7, 8) ; capiticola (not capticola as we
have listed it) will sink therefore to graphica and for the northern
form from New Jersey and Long Island localities which has commonly
been known as graphica we will apparently need a name. This race
of graphica (PI. XIX, Figs. 1, 2), as we consider it, is distinguished
by the fact that the primaries in both sexes are practically similarly
marked, the 9 showing none of the obsolescence of markings char-

119

acteristic of the southern graphka; the white dots of the subterminal
Hne are less prominent in the northern form and the two teeth of the
extracelkilar patch are generally much more pronounced ; the yellow
color of secondaries is slightly paler and shows less of the inclina-
tion towards orange that we find in graphka. We propose the name
ATLANTiCA for this racc, our types (3 $ , 2> ? ) having been cap-
tured at Rock Beach, L. I., on June 9th by Mr. J. Doll. This race
should not be confused with the very similar species, occulta Hy. Edw.
(Fig. 3), which also occurs at Lakehurst, N. J., and the vicinity of
Boston, Mass., and which is rather larger, much deeper purplish in
color of primaries with a broader terminal area and with heavier
black banding on secondaries ; we figure both species which illustrates
the diflferences better than a description.

Syneda abrupta sp. nov. (PI. XIX, Figs. 12, 14).

$. Head gray; thorax an admixture of ochreous and gray scaling with a
longitudinal black streak on each tegula and black shading on the patagia ;
primaries with basal area lilac-gray crossed near base by a geminate black
subbasal line, not reaching inner margin, and defined outwardly by a broadly
geminate t. a. line, black, irregular, filled in with brown and with prominent
outward bulges in the cell and again in subraedian fold ; median area whitish
ochreous, paler inwardly and rather shiny, crossed outwardly by a geminate
brown line arising from a diffuse smoky area on costa above reniform which
is itself dark smoky, its basal edge formed by a straight white streak, its outer
edge very irregularly dentate and outlined with white, this color also extending
along veins 3 and 4 to t. p. line; beyond reniform the sinus formed by the t. p.
line is filled with brownish shading; t. p. line as usual strongly bent around
cell with small tooth just below costa and more prominent one on vein 6,
bluntly protruding between veins 3 and 4, straight from base of vein 3 to inner
margin ; s. t. space largely smoky ; terminal space lilac-gray defined inwardly by
a slightly paler, obscure, very waved s. t. line, strongly bulged outwardly below
costa and at vein 3; dark crenulate terminal line; fringes checkered, white and
smoky. Secondaries with basal half rather hyaline, slightly smoky, with dark
lunule and broad outer smoky band broken by a pale spot on outer margin
between veins 2 and 3 ; fringes checkered. Beneath whitish hyaline, primaries
with large dark discal lunule in a diffuse dark spot and broad outer border,
secondaries with smaller lunule and narrow subterminal dark band, the mar-
ginal area being white with slight dark spot between veins 3 and 4.

9. Median area darker than in $, with more lilac-gray shading;
secondaries with basal area scarcely paler than marginal band ; beneath more
obscure with pale marginal area of secondaries generally obscured with smoky.
Expanse 41 mm.

Habitat: Huachuca Mts., Palmerlee, Ariz.; Jemez Spgs., N. M.; 2 $,
3 ?. Types, Coll. Barnes.

120

The species is closely allied to sabulosa Hy. Edw. but differs
among other things in the more contrasted maculation, especially the
pale median area and the white markings around reniform; sabulosa
is listed at present in the genus Cissusa Wlk. (type, spadix Cram.)
but cannot stay there on account of the scaly nature of the thoracic
vestiture; for the present we place both species in Syneda and must
await Sir Geo. Hampson's revision of the Erebin'ae (Noctuinae) for
the correct location.

Syneda tejonica Behr. (PI. XIX, Figs. 5, 6).

A good deal of confusion exists concerning the identity of this
species, described in 1870 (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. Ill, 26) from three
species from Ft. Tejon, Calif., which locality we have recently discov-
ered to be in San Bernardino Co. The description, mainly in Latin,
is not very lucid and the fact that the types are destroyed does not
tend to improve the situation ; however, there is one feature of the
diagnosis which eliminates practically all of our identified Synedas
from consideration, viz, that Behr distinctly states that the under side
of all wings is -ivhitc (subtus alae omnes candidae) more or less tinged
with orange; the only two species known to us to which this could
possibly apply are Drastcria mirifica Hy. Edw. and the species listed
as Syneda perfecta Hy. Edw. A foot note by Behr further elucidates
the situation as he states that "the species varies in the coloration of
the hind wings, which are, in two specimens, nearly white with only
a slight orange tinge about disc and margin." This at once eliminates
mirifica and points strongly towards perfecta as it is well-known that
the S 's of this species have the secondaries largely white whilst in
the $ 's they are orange. We have before us a series of specimens
from Loma Linda, San Bernardino, Co., Calif., which complies with
Behr's diagnosis in every respect, showing the pale violet median and
terminal areas of primaries, the white wings in S and the orange
ones in 9 and the white under side in both sexes, although we might
note that in the 9 the orange suffusion is at times extended so as
to almost cover the entire wings ; we believe without question that
these represent the true tejonica Behr. As compared with perfecta Hy.
Edw. they are so close that we should hesitate to even give the two
names racial value ; however, as the name perfecta was based on Ari-

121

zona specimens, for the present it may be well to consider it as applying
to an Arizona race of tejonica which latter name has well-established
priority.

Syneda pulchra sp. nov. (PI. XIX, Fig. 4).

Head and thorax gray, tegulae with darker lateral stripes; primaries
with basal area black-brown slightly sprinkled with gray, this area bordered
by a darker t. a. line, irregular in course with a prominent inward angle below
median vein, followed by a rounded bulge and then bent strongly backward
to inner margin ; median space ochreous, grayish-brown at costa and inner
margin and crossed outwardly by a geminate brown line; reniform a dark
lunate blotch bordered inwardly by an ochreous line; t. p. line as usual
bent strongly outwardly beyond cell, forming prominent angles on veins 3, 4
and 6, bent backward below vein 3 to its base then rounded and rather irregular
to inner margin; beyond the reniform some white shading especially on veins
3 and 4; subterminal space black-brown bordered by a pale, quite regular s. t.
line, parallel to outer margin with slight inward bend in submedian fold and
preceded in costal area by black dashes bordered outwardly by a dark line
arising from an apical dark streak; terminal area violet-gray with marginal
dark crenulate line; fringes smoky spotted at base with gray. Secondaries
vermilion with a faint dark discal lunule, a narrow postmedian dark band
curving downward at vein 2 to anal angle, where it is thickest, and median and
costal dark blotches on outer margin, fringes pinkish tinged with smoky
opposite blotches. Beneath pinkish, primaries with postmedian dark band,
forming a heavy triangular dark blotch on costa of primaries, heavy disca!
lunule and traces of apical and median dark shading along outer margin;
secondaries as above. Expanse 34 mm.

Habit.at: Palm Spgs., Riverside Co., Calif. (Mch.) 1 $. Type, Coll.
Barnes.

Obviously allied to tejonica Behr but differing in the course of
t. a. and s. t. lines and the ochreous median band ; the S secondaries
are also vermilion instead of white with pinkish shading. In view
of the fact that these features are usually constant in the group and
that our new species comes from a desert region we venture to describe
from a single specimen.

Syneda hudsonica G. & R. (PI. XIX, Figs. 7, 8).

This species is well-figured by Grote on PI. Ill, Figs. 7, 8 of Proc.
Ent. Soc. Phil. IV (1865); its range is probably over the whole of
northern Canada from Hudson Bay to Alaska and down the Rockies
at higher altitudes into Colorado and Utah ; we have typical speci-
mens from Field, B. C, and Glacier National Park, Mont. ; specimens
from the southern portion of Colorado and Utah have been given

122

the name scposita Hy. Edw. but this is apparently only a race with
slightly yellower secondaries and rather more brown shades on pri-
maries of $ sex.

In southern Manitoba we meet with a race (PI. XIX, Figs. 9, 10)
of the same species which is characterized by the pale gray color of
primaries and by the obsolescence of the maculation in the 9 sex,
the primaries at times being almost uniform gray; the s. t. line of
primaries is also generally not so markedly crenulate and the color of
secondaries is a pale ivory; just as in the type form the median
pale band may or may not show brown shading outwardly. We pro-
pose for this race the name heathi, our type series (2 3,3 $ )
having been captured at Cartwright, Man. (June) by the late Mr.
E. F. Heath; we have other specimens from Winnipeg and Miniota,
Man., and from various Saskatchewan localities.

HYPAENINAE

Hemeroplanis scopulaepes Haw.

Sir Geo. Hampson has called our attention to the genus Scopelo-
pus Steph. (1830, 111. Brit. Ent. Haust. HI, p. 124), erected for the
species inops Steph. which name Stephens proposed to replace scopu-
laepes Haw. ( 1809, Brit. Ent. No. 260) ; stating that the species is
probably a native of Georgia and erroneously included among the
British Lepidoptera by Haworth ; from the generic and specific descrip-
tions there seems no doubt but that the name was applied to what
is now listed as Pleonectyptera pyralis Hbn. which names, both generic
and specific, will have to fall. Apparently, however, both Scopclopus
Steph. and Pleonectyptera Grt. are synonyms of Hemeroplanis Hbn.
(1816, Zutr., I, 23, Fig. 127; 1825, Verz. p. 259) based on the single
species pyralis Hbn. {pyraloides Hbn.) The generic name Hemero-
planis has probably been sunk as a homonym of Hemcroplanes Hbn.
(1820, Verz. p. 133) ; we believe according to the latest rulings that
both names are valid but in any case Hemeroplanis Hbn. has priority
as the whole Vol. I of the Zutrage was completed in 1818 and the plate
containing Hemeroplanis pyralis was probably issued in 1816; generic
names based on figures in the Zutrage are considered by some authors
as non descr. but Rule 79 of Banks and Caudell's Code distinctly per-
mits of their acceptance and we see no reason for not following this.

123

There seems also to be no reason for changing the original name as
given by Havvorth and the synonymy will therefore stand :
Hemeroplanis Hbn.

Scopelopus Steph.

Pleonectyptera Grt.
scopulaepes Haw.

pyralis Hbn.

inops Steph.

irrecta Wlk.

ftoccalis Zell.

Mycterophora rubricans sp. nov. (PI. XVIII, Figs. 1, 2).

Palpi long, porrect, blade-like; $ antennae strongly bipectinate, 2
simple; thorax and both wings pale ochreous, heavily sprinkled and shaded
with fuscous and with a distinct pinkish suffusion over the whole wings ; macu-
lation variably distinct due to the greater or less amount of fuscous shading;
t. a. line rather closer to base than usual, dark, irregular, with an inward angle
on median vein ; a broad dusky median shade rounded outwardly below
costa, preceded in the cell by a small dark dot representing the orbicular and
followed by a small dark lunule with pale center in the place of the reniform;
t. p. line dark, single, strongly bent outward below costa to beyond cell, then
inwardly oblique and wavy, in general parallel to outer margin ; s. t. line faintly
represented by a diffuse ochreous shade-line preceded and followed by heavier
fuscous shading; a more or less broken, dark, crenulate terminal line; fringes
concolorous, slightly checkered with pinkish opposite veins and cut by a median
smoky line. Secondaries similar to primaries in maculation without the basal
line; a large dark discal lunule resting on the median shade. Beneath pale
smoky with pinkish fringes and faint traces of the maculation of the upper
side. Expanse $ 26 mm., 2 24 mm.

Habitat: Monachee Meadows, Tulare Co., Calif., 5 5,8 2. Types,
Coll. Barnes.

The species is allied to monticola Hist, and may possibly prove to
be identical with it; this latter species possesses, however, none of
the ruddy shading which is characteristic of our species and from our
notes on Hulst's type would seem to dififer somewhat in minor details
of maculation.

Genus Parahvpenodes gen. nov. (Type P. qnaJralis sp. nov.).

Proboscis greatly reduced ; labial palpi long, upturned, second joint blade-
like, far exceeding front, heavily and smoothly scaled, third joint almost as
long as the second, thread-like, acuminate; $ antennae heavily ciliate; front
rough-scaled ; legs normal ; primaries with 10 veins, 3, 4 and 5 separate from

124

around lower end of cell, 6 from below apex of cell, 7 and 10 from a point
at apex of cell, 8 and 9 absent, 11 free from about middle of cell ; secondaries
with 3 and 4 from a point at end of cell, 5 parallel to 4 from below middle
of discocellulars, 6 and 7 slightly stalked.

P. QUADRALis sp. nov. (PI. XVIII, Fig. 6).

Primaries dull ochreous gray, shaded with deep smoky ; t. a. line single,
dark, irregular, arising from small dark costal blotch, bent inward below costa
with prominent outward bulge in the submedian fold ; t. p. line single, dentate,
squarely exserted around cell, then strongly inwardly oblique to a point on
the middle of inner margin; at the end of cell a square blackish patch, the
most prominent feature of the maculation ; subterminal area dark smoky, the
terminal area pale grayish, the difference between the two shades defining
the s. t. line which is in general parallel to outer margin with a slight bulge
opposite cell; outer margin slightly crenulate with dark terminal line; fringes
dull ochreous, cut with smoky. Secondaries deep smoky with traces of a darker
oblique line crossing from costa near apex to inner margin above anal angle.
Beneath smoky, secondaries paler in basal area with traces of a curved post-
median line. Expanse 18 mm.

Habitat: St. Therese Isl., St. Johns' Co., Que. (July). 3 $. Types,
Coll. Barnes, Paratype, Coll. W. Chagnon.

We can find neither a generic nor a specific term applicable to this
species. In Schaus' recent revision of the Hypeninae, to which the
species evidently belongs, no mention is made of any genus with veins
8 and 9 of primaries lacking; we risk therefore the description of
both genus and species which should be readily recognizable super-
ficially by its general Episcuxis-Wkt appearance and the square dark
patch at end of cell. We are indebted to Mr. W. Chagnon of St.
Johns, Que., for the specimens ; a Paratype remains in his collection.

Genus Epizeuxis Hbn.

Schaus, in his "Revision of the Subfamily Hypeninae" (1916,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, p. 359) gives the type of this genus as
aemnla Hbn. and the original reference as "Verz., 1816, p. 346"; this
date is obviously wrong as may be seen by referring to Sherbom's
article on the dates of Hubner's Verzeichniss (Ann. Mag. N. H., 1912,
Jan.) ; according to this article page 346 was not issued until 1826;
Schaus further ignores Grote's fixation of the type as cah'arialis D. &
S. in 1874 (BufT. Bull., II, 47). The generic term Epizeuxis was how-
ever used by Hubner long before it appeared in the Verzeichniss; in the
Zutraege Exot. Schmett. he uses it in connection with our N. Ameri-

125

can species lituralis (1. c. Figs. 19, 20) and this portion of the publi-
cation was probably issued considerably before 1818; as this is a very
clear case of the usage of a generic term along with a single specific
name, we hold that the genus was originally monobasic with lituralis
Hbn. as type of the genus, Hubner's later action in the Verzeichniss
being merely an extension of the generic conception to include other
species which he considered congeneric.

Our usual conception of the genus as given in Smith's revision of
Deltoid Moths (1895, Bull. 48 U. S. Nat. Mus.) and as followed
by Dyar and Schaus must be changed. Epizeuxis Hbn. will supplant
Zanclognatha Led. as used in our lists and for the genus to which
the name Epizeuxis has been usually attached we must seek a new
name; Helia Gn. cannot be used as it is preoccupied by Hclia Hbn.
(Verz., 259) and Grote's term Pseudaglossa (Buff. Bull., II, 47) we
believe will fall to Camptylochila Steph. (1834, 111. Brit. Ent. Haust.,
IV, p. 21) proposed for two species, nndulalis and bistrigalis, presum-
ably British, but which Stephens later (1850, Cat. Lep. Brit. Mus., p.
303) lists as North American; judging by Wood's figures of both
species (Ind. Ent., PI. 27, Figs. 77^ and 774) and Stephens" figure
of the latter species (1. c. PI. 2)Z, Fig. 3) we believe that undulalis is
aemula Hbn. and bistrigalis will fall to lubricalis Geyer. With un-
dulalis {aemula) as type, the genus Camptylochila can be employed
in precisely the same sense, therefore, as Epizcuxis as used by Schaus
and for those who desire fine distinctions Grote's Pseudaglossa may
still be used for the lubricalis group as has been done by Schaus (1. c.
p. 360) who separates the two in his key on antennal differences.
We are indebted to Sir Geo. Hampson for first calling our attention
to Stephens' generic name. In going over the species of this genus we
have come across a group of four closely allied species for which
apparently only two names are available ; of these four the first named
and best known species is rotundalis Wlk. {borealis Sm.) (PI. XVIII.
Fig. 10) a deep purple-brown species with indistinct maculation ; in
well-marked specimens the lines are rather broad, blackish, the t. a.
upright and the t. p. only slightly bent inward at costa and practically
parallel to outer margin ; the renif orm and orbicular are never prom-
inent and the under side of secondaries is pale smoky with obscure
discal spot and dark postmedian and subterminal lines.

A second species is forbesi Frch. (1895, Bull. 111. Sta. Lab. N.
Hist., IV, 8) of which merrickalis Sm. must be made a synonym;

126

French's description is very clear and applies exactly to Co-types of
merrickalis before us as well as to a long New Brighton series ; in
his revision Smith sank forbcsi to rotundalis and later probably, re-
cognizing the differences as specific but overlooking French's name,
redescribed the species. Forbesi (PI. XVIII, Fig. 11) is a much bet-
ter marked species than rotiindaUs; the t. p. and s. t. lines are marked
at costa with ochreous streaks, the former is much more strongly bent
outward below costa and more irregularly dentate ; the secondaries
are paler on both sides with two distinct dark cross-lines and a pale
s. t. line in the broad dark marginal border.

The two other forms before us have received Mss. names from
Smith and we have Co-types in our collection; the names however
have never been published as far as we can ascertain ; using Smith's
names we therefore present here the characteristic features of each
species.

C. JULIA sp. nov. (PI. XVIII, Fig. 13) is close to rotundalis but aver-
ages rather larger and is slightly paler with faint pale dots on costa
at the inception of the lines; the t. a. is bordered inwardly by a faint
pale line, the t. p. is bent more strongly outward beyond the cell and
the reniform is represented by a distinct pale dot; beneath a very
characteristic feature is the pale basal area of secondaries with the
dark discal dot preceded half way to base of wing by a small dark dot;
there is a distinct broad postmedian line and pale s. t. line. Four of
Smith's Co-types before us are from New Brighton, Pa. ; we have
other specimens from the same locality as well as from Manchester,
N. H., and Decatur, 111.

C. DiMiNUENDis sp. nov. (PI. XVIII, Fig. 12) is the smallest of the
four species, averaging 18 mm. wing expanse and is at once recogniz-
able by the ochreous orbicular and reniform, the former a mere dot,
the latter small but distinct ; the color is even purple-brown with no
ochreous shades along costa ; the t. p. line black, irregular, well bent
out at costa and incurved in fold ; the under side is rather even dull
smoky with base of secondaries paler with small discal dot and post-
median line. We have before us a long series from New Brighton,
Pa., including five of Smith's Co-types; we also have the species from
Pittsburg, Pa. ( 9 Co-type), Cincinnati, Ohio, and Douglas Lake,
Michigan.

127

Renia nemoralis sp. nov. (PI. XV, Figs. 10, 11).

Head, thorax and primaries a distinct reddish-brown somewhat shaded
with smoky, giving rather a purplish hue along costa and subterminally ; a
faint basal curved half-line; t. a. line dark, even, slightly rounded outwardly
with minute angle at costa ; orbicular a round orange spot, poorly defined by
black; reniform orange, narrowly lunate with central upper and lower black
dots often joined by a dark line; a median dark shade crossing the reniform;
t. p. line bent outward at costa, then evenly crenulate and parallel to outer
margin ; s. t. line faint, ochreous, irregular, preceded by dark shading ; a broken
dark terminal line. Secondaries smoky, paler basally with dark, slightly crenu-
late median line, sharply angled near inner margin, shaded outwardly by pale
ochreous ; a faint dark s. t. line most distinct at inner margin where it is shaded
slightly with ochreous. Beneath smoky brown, basal half of wings pale with
smoky sprinkles, primaries with discal dash, rather distinct straight postmedian
line and faint s. t. line, defined at costa by several ochreous dots ; secondaries
with large prominent discal streak, a curved crenulate postmedian line and a
faint pale s. t. line ; dark marginal line to both wings. Expanse 28 mm.

Habitat: Long Is., N. Y. (Aug.); Nueces Riv., Texas. 2 $,2 9.
Types, Coll. Barnes.

We have had the upper wings of a specimen from Elizabeth,
N. J., in the collection for some time awaiting further material, so
imagine the species will occur in most of the Eastern States. This
species has probably been confused with factiosalis Wlk. but differs
in its much larger size, a red-brown color in both sexes (factiosalis
is smoky brown in S ) and more sharply angled median line on sec-
ondaries ; it differs from larvalis Grt. with which it agrees in size, by
the more regular t. a. line.

128

NOTODONTIDAE

Heterocampa cubana Grt. (PI. XX, Fig. 14).

We have received several specimens of this species from Venice,
Fla. ; it is a new addition to our North American fauna. The species
is allied to varia Wlk. but lacks the white subapical shade ; the course
of the t. p. line is also somewhat different and the median line makes
a sharp outward angle above the inner margin. It is this species which
is reported in Lepidoptera p. 109 by Mr. Bonniwell as a peculiar form
of H. varia.

129

LYMANTRIIDAE

Olene vagans B. & McD. (PI. XX, Figs. 8, 9).

In the summer of 1917 whilst on a collecting trip in Maine, Dr.
McDunnough took two Olenc larvae from an apple tree at Packard's
Camp, Sebec Lake; at the same place on a hazel bush he also took a
single larva which was distinct from the preceding although closely
related. In the course of time the first two hatched into a S and 9
of the above species; the other larva produced a S (PI. XX, Fig. 7)
which on returning home and comparing with the material in the
collection we decided must be willingi which we had treated in our
revision as a race of vagans but which in the light of the larval dis-
tinctions must be regarded as a distinct species.

Numerous S specimens of Olene taken at light at Sebec Lake
were carefully worked over and separated, using the bred material
as a basis; we found that with the exception of rubbed specimens
(which are very difficult to place correctly) the majority of
the S specimens could be fairly readily referred to either the
one form or the other by taking into account a combination of
the following features: (1) vagans has a rather darker color with
the cross lines more evident and with a tendency for the t. a. and t. p.
lines to approach each other quite closely at the inner margin; (2)
the dark band following the t. p. line in vagans is quite well defined
outwardly by an irregular white s. t. line terminating in a distinct white
spot above inner margin and showing slight dark transverse dashes
below costa; in willingi the s. t. area is very poorly defined and the
white spot is far less noticeable; (3) the reniform is more distinctly
white shaded in vagans than in willingi.

With regard to the 9 's we are unable to give any comparisons,
as the only 9 secured was the one bred from apple; we beheve
however on the strength of this specimen that our 9 types of vagans
belong to another species and that the name must be restricted to
the $ type figured in our Contributions, Vol. II, (2) PI. Ill, Fig. 1 ;
we figure the correct 9 (PI. XX, Fig. 9), and a comparison of
this figure with those on PI. Ill, Figs. 2 and 4 of the revision will
show the marked diflferences; it may be that our 9 Co-type should

130

be referred to willingi but until the 9 of this has been bred it is
impossible to make any definite statements.

With regard to the larvae, our figures on Plate V, Figs. 5 and 6
of the revision are correct ; we would call attention to the distinct
diflferences in the dorsal tufts which are clearly visible in the photo-
graphs. In the text (pp. 63 and 64) instead of "segment 11" should
be substituted "segment 11" and we would point out that there actually
is in willingi a small dorsal hair pencil arising out of the raised tuft
on this segiTient but the hairs forming it are very apt to be rubbed
off when the larvae crawls around and it is only in freshly moulted
individuals that it is clearly visible. We append a description of both
larvae drawn up from the living specimens :

O. VAGANS (mature larva).

Head black. Body dull gray-black marbled with white with coral-colored
eversible glands; two anterior and two posterior lateral black hair pencils;
eighth abdominal segment (seg. 11) with a dorsal tuft of black hair surrounded
at the base by white feathery hairs; subdorsal rosettes of similar white hair on
meso- and metathorax and on abdominal segments 5-7; first four abdominal
segments with heavy light-brown dorsal tufts intermingled sparsely with white;
lateral rosettes of short white plumed hairs on all the segments; subspiracular
tufts of long white plumed hair, each tuft with a central black plumed hair
which is occasionally double; on the meso- and metathorax the number of
black hairs is normally 2-3.

O. WILLINGI (mature larva).

Head black. Body and lateral black hair pencils as in the preceding;
8th abdominal segment with a fine black hair pencil arising out of the dorsal
tuft; the dorsal tufts on abdominal segments 1-4 are mouse gray without an
admixture of white hairs except that they are bordered laterally by the usual
white rosettes which occur further on the meso- and metathorax and on
abdominal segments 5-7; the prothoracic hairs are quite characteristically tinged
with ochreous; the lateral and subspiracular ttifts are pale gray, the hairs
being much less plumed than in the preceding species; the central black hair
is also merely barbed, not plumed.

The distinctions in the color and quality of the hair can be readily
seen in the cocoons which are formed of the larval hairs loosely spun
together; that of vagans is much deeper in color and lacks the slight
ochreous tinge found in willingi cocoon.

With regard to our figures in the revision on Plate III, we might
say that the type (Fig. 1) does not show the close approximation

131

of the t. a. and t. p. lines often found and which may be seen in the
bred specimen we figure in this present paper (PI. XX, Fig. 8) ; it
does however distinctly show the well-defined s. t. area and there
is no doubt as to the determination of our Maine series; the
specimen from Hymers, Ont., (Rev. Fig. 9) should probably be
referred to vagans as a dark form; note the approximation of
the lines and the distinct white area around the reniform. With
regard to grisea B. & McD. our type series from Utah seems to agree
with willingi rather than vagans, and we propose for the present
treating the two as races of one species ; as the name grisea has page
priority the species will be known by this name with zvillingi as a
northern race. The Manitoba specimen figured as grisea (Rev. Fig. 3)
we regard as rather doubtfully placed; it may represent a new form
but until the larva is known nothing definite can be said.

Generally speaking vagans seems to show a relationship with
basiflava whilst grisea var. zvillingi tends more towards atomaria.

132

LASIOCAMPIDAE

DicOGASTER CORONADA Barnes.

The receipt of two Lasiocampid larvae feeding on oak from Para-
dise, Ariz., which we succeeded in breeding through into the 3 and
9 of the above species proves that our description of the larva pub-
Hshed in the revision (Contr. I, (2), p. 16, 1911) was erroneous;
the larval notes published under coronada should possibly be referred
to Quadrina diacoma Grt. which appears to occur in the same gen-
eral locality but of this we have no definite knowledge. We offer
the following description of the true coronada larva.

Head large, blackish, brown at the extreme sides with white cen-
tral line and white clypeus with central dark line; three outcurved
white lines on each cheek; whole head covered with long brownish
hairs. Body broad and rather flat with strongly developed lateral
tubercles on anterior segments, very similar to those found in Tolype
larvae; clothed with sparse rather short deep brown hairs shading
into white laterally; color deep velvety black-brown with very faint
pale dorsal stripe ; prothoracic shield largely whitish ; posterior margin
of segments rather broadly whitish narrowing laterally ; a broken pale
ochreous supra-spiracular stripe consisting of two distinct portions
on each segment, an anterior straight short stripe and a posterior
larger oblique patch situated directly above the spiracle which is pale
with a faint light patch below it. Each abdominal segment is sub-
divided into four subsegments, the fourth one containing subdorsally
two minute orange dots on each side ; anal plate whitish ; legs reddish ;
prolegs pale, tinged with pink; under side pale whitish ochreous.
Breadth of head 7 mm. Length at rest 70 mm. Width, 12 mm.

Tolype lowriei sp. nov. (PI. XX, Figs. 10, 11).

Palpi black at sides; front white with an admixture of black hairs;
thorax pure white, the tufting deep brown, heaviest on metathorax, the an-
terior portion often covered by the white thoracic hairs ; abdomen light blue-
gray dorsally, shading into white laterally; primaries white, banded with light
blue-gray with the veins outlined in white; basal area gray-shaded followed
by an upright band of white, enclosing a narrow gray line ; median band gray,
the inner edge straight, the outer slightly angled below costa gently concave
between veins 4 and 6 and then practically straight to inner margin ; follow-
ing the median band is a prominent broad white area bounded outwardly by

133

an oblique dark shade band from costa near apex and more or less rigid with
a slight outward bend at inner margin; this pale area is crossed by an obso-
lescent oblique gray line ; subterminal area beyond oblique shade and terminal
area slightly paler blue-gray ; s. t. line broad, distinct, white, bent inward and
forming more or less of a white blotch between veins 5 and 6 and slightly
accentuated on veins 2 and 3; a white terminal line; fringes blue-gray, paler
outwardly; secondaries white crossed by a broad subterminal smoky band,
narrowing toward costa and slightly angled at vein 4; slight smoky shading
above inner margin toward base of wing. Beneath much as above with the
maculation less distinct, the subterminal dark band of primaries strongly
marked. Expanse S 35 mm., 9 43 mm.

Habitat: Santa Cruz Mts., Calif. 4 $,4 $. Types, Coll. Barnes.

This species was bred by Miss Elizabeth Lowrie and her sister
from eggs laid by a captured 9 , taken at Mt. Heimon in the Santa
Cruz Mts. at an elevation of 400 ft., the larva feeding on pine ; it is
the first recorded Tolype species from California and appears suffi-
ciently distinct to warrant a name; we take much pleasure in naming
it after the collectors who have been instrumental in supplying many
an interesting specimen to our collection. The species is allied to
minta Dyar from Florida but is larger with a much more regu-
lar outer edge to the median gray band. The larva, according to
Miss Lowrie, is gray-brown with a black transverse mark on 3rd
body segment containing two yellow dots, beneath whitish, tinged with
yellow mesially and with central diamond-shaped black patches; from
an alcohol specimen kindly forwarded us it would seem as if the
larva showed a series of broad, dark, dorsal diamond-shaped patches,
more or less connected, and a waved dark stigmatal hne, but these
points may have been accentuated by the preserving fluid.

134

GEOMETRIDAE

HEMITHEIINAE

Racheospila irregularia sp. nov.

Palpi and front dull red-brown ; a white fillet between antennae edged
posteriorly with red ; collar and thorax green ; abdomen green dorsally with
four large raised white spots ringed with red, anal segment white, beneath
white; legs white, fore coxae green-tinged. Primaries bright green with nar-
row white costa ; t. a. line white with prominent outward angle in submedian
fold ; t. p. line very irregular and strongly dentate, straight from costa to above
vein 4, strongly bent outward across veins 3 and 4 with teeth on the veins, bent
back sharply to the submedian fold with tooth on vein 2 and then perpendicular
to inner margin; a small black discal dot; a narrow red terminal line broken
by white dots at ends of veins; fringes white, faintly red-tinged opposite veins.
Secondaries similar in maculation to primaries with the same irregular t. p.
line. Beneath whitish slightly green-tinged with faint red terminal line. Ex-
panse 19 mm.

Habitat; Brownsville, Texas (May, June). 2 2. Types, Coll. Barnes.

Belongs in Section II of Racheospila as defined by Prout ; appar-
ently related to texana Hist, but with much smaller discal dots and
more irregular t. p. line.

Nemoria aemularia sp. nov.

Palpi ochreous tinged with ruddy ; front dull pinkish-red with white inter-
antennal fillet ; thorax and collar green ; abdomen with basal segments green,
terminal segments whitish, with a narrow broken dorsal line of ruddy-brown
in the S and a broad band of same color in ? which practically displaces
all the green color; abdomen beneath and legs pale ochreous; primaries pale
blue- or yellow-green, heavily and roughly striate with pale creamy, veins
outlined in creamy ; costa cream colored, ruddy at extreme base ; t. a. line
faint, creamy, rounded, partially hidden by the striations ; t. p. line broad,
creamy, almost parallel to outer margin ; fringes creamy with slight yellow
tinge ; secondaries similar to primaries in maculation. Beneath whitish, partly
hyaline. Expanse $ 23 mm., 9 25 mm.

Habitat: Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz.; Palmerlee, Ariz. 5 S, 4 9.
Types, Coll. Barnes.

The species is hardly a typical Nemoria, the 9 palpi being longer
than usual and more as in Racheospila; as however it appears to be
otherwise obviously related to viridicaria Hist, and caenilescens Prout
we place it in this genus. Its yellow-green coloration with veins out-
lined more or less in ochreous is characteristic.

135

Nemoria punctularia sp. nov.

Palpi pale ochreous, tinged with reddish, 3rd joint largely reddish ; front
dull reddish, dotted anteriorly with white; white fillet between antennae bor-
dered posteriorly with red; collar and thorax green; abdomen dorsally largely
light brown with dark purple blotches at base and on 3rd and 4th segments,
each with a slight sprinkling of white scales forming a more or less evident
small central patch; laterally the abdomen is tinged with green shading into
white, beneath white; legs ochreous tinged with ruddy; primaries bright green,
evenly sprinkled with fine white dots, costa narrowly white with red shading
at base; faint white t. a. line, outwardly oblique; t. p. line white, faint, almost
straight across wing; a prominent purple-brown discal dot; fringes pale with
slight ruddy shading near apex. Secondaries similar to primaries in macula-
tion but the cross-lines curved ; discal dot present. Beneath pale greenish white
with ochreous costa. Expanse 27 mm.

Habitat: San Francisco, Calif. ( 5 ) ; Camp Baldy, S. Bern. Mts., Calif.
(June-July) (?). 1 3. 2 5. Types, Coll. Barnes.

Very similar in maculation to darwiniata Dyar but with large
discal spots ; the abdominal maculation is peculiar, the prominent white
spots with narrow red border of Jariciniata being modified into pur-
plish blotches with small white center, segment II being brownish,
not green.

ACIDALIINAE

ACIDALIA BUCEPHALARIA sp. nOV. (PI. XXIII, Fig. 2).

Primaries even dark ochreous, very slightly speckled with black; cross
lines well defined, blackish; t. a. line single, bent outward below costa, then
inwardly oblique to inner margin, a small discal dot, usually quite distinct, fol-
lowed by a slightly waved dark line in general parallel to outer margin ; a rather
heavier and more strongly waved s. t. line, parallel to the preceding; faint
traces of a pale line in the terminal space preceded by smoky shading; a faint
dark dotted fringe line; secondaries with the lines of primaries continued with
the exception of the t. a. line and with the discal dot usually represented by a
small dark dot in the median line. Beneath paler than above with similar macu-
lation, the t. a. line of primaries being however lacking, the other lines very
distinct as is usually the case with the discal dots. Expanse 24 mm.

Habitat : Tuolumne Meadows, Calif. 13 5,8 ? . Types, Coll. Barnes.

The species is very close to sideraria Gn., agreeing in antennal
structure but entirely lacking all trace of the ruddy terminal shading
found in this species ; the under side also is much paler ochreous and
more heavily marked. In connection with the generic name Acidalia
Tr. (1825) we would note that we are aware that this is preoccupied

136

by Acidalia Hbn. (1818, Verz., p. 31) but are not certain as to the
correct name to be used in its place; it is very possible, according
to Messrs. Prout and Hampson, that Scapula Schr. (which in any case
has priority and for which the correct type is said to be ornata Scop.),
should be employed.

LARENTIINAE

LiTHOSTEGE FUSCATA Grossb.

After a careful study of the type from Colton, Calif., in Rutgers
College Collection and a comparison with several specimens taken
with us, we cannot find any distinct characteristics that would sepa-
rate this from rotmtdata Pack. ; the wings are rather more suffused
with gray than is the case with Packard's type specimen from San
Diego, Calif., but only slightly more so than in the type specimen of
ariconata Grt. in the Brooklyn Inst. Coll. which is listed as a synonym
of rotundata; we can make absolutely nothing of the supposed differ-
ence in the course of the three subterminal white lines on which
Grossbeck lays stress. We have a good series of specimens from
Arizona localities as well as from various S. Californian localities as
far north as the San Bernardino region and find that there is as
much variation between specimens from any one locality as there is
between the types of rotundata Pack., arisonata Grt. and fuscata Grt.
The name fuscata may be retained for the suffused forms if desired
but we cannot see that it is entitled to specific rank.

Stam NODES DECEPTivA sp. nov. (PI. XXIII, Fig. 1).

Front, thorax and abdomen light fuscous, tinged with pink between the
antennae and at base of collar ; primaries deep orange with basal third of costa
gray-black ; a large, broadly triangular spot of same color on costa beyond
middle and a smaller narrower one before apex ; apical third of outer margin
gray black with irregular inner edge closely approached to apex of costal tri-
angle ; fringes dusky, cut with white. Secondaries orange with gray-black
markings as follows; a basal spot, the basal half of costa which is joined to
two spots in the cell, a large oblong patch on costa near apex, a larger patch
above inner margin joined at its extremities to the margin and enclosing a spot
of orange color, a smaller lunate patch above anal angle and a slight irregular
band on central portion of outer margin; fringes dusky partially cut with
white. Beneath primaries as above but costa pale ochreous, this color enclosing
the outer triangular spot ; secondaries pale ochreous with blackish markings

137

of upper side repeated, with pink shading at base of wing and a broken pink
band centrally in the postmedian pale area. Expanse 24 ram.

Habitat: Paradise, Cochize Co., Ariz, (June, Aug.). 2 $. Types,
Coll. Barnes.

A very striking species, allied to fervifactaria Grt. but differing in
the maculation of the secondaries.

EUSTROMA FASCIATA sp. nOV. (PI. XXI, Fig. 1).

Primaries with the basal area whitish, sprinkled with brown, crossed by
a fine brown rounded basal line and bordered outwardly by a broad deep choc-
olate brown band which tends to suffuse over the whole basal area; this band
is followed by a broad upright white ante-median band, faintly brown sprinkled,
the inner edge of this band is gently rounded at costa and is rather even with-
out prominent angles (in the 9 there is a small projection in the cell) the outer
edge is regularly dentate and curved slightly inward at costa; median area
deep chocolate brown, shaded with pale in costal portion around a small discal
dot and crossed by two waved dark lines, parallel above inner margin, diverg-
ing in the cell and approaching each other again at costa ; outer border of median
space with prominent bulges between veins 2 and 3 and 3 and 4 and a slight
inner angle on vein 1 ; subterminal and terminal spaces largely whitish, lightly
sprinkled with brown with a fairly evident crenulate pale s. t. line, shaded
inwardly with brown which forms a distinct patch at costa; a dark brown
subapical patch and a slight oblique apical streak; terminal broken dark line.
Secondaries whitish, lightly brown-sprinkled with a fairly evident median dark
line bent rather sharply at vein 4 and heaviest above inner margin ; faint traces
of a pale s. t. line, shaded inwardly with brown. Beneath pale with the macula-
tion of upper side partially showing through, a pale broken s. t. line on primaries
and a distinct discal dot on all wings. Expanse 5 34 mm., 9 i7 mm.

Habitat : $, 9 , Ketchikan, Alaska (June, July) ; 9 , Cowichan Lake,
Vane. Is., B. C. (June). 1 5,3 9. Types, Coll. Barnes.

The species is allied to mihilata Pack. (Fig. 2) but has the ante-
median white band with much more regular edges and less bent in at
costa; there is also no trace of yellow shading; various other minor
points of distinction are best brought out by our figure ; the 3 geni-
talia offer no point of distinction from that of nnbilata as far as we
can see; the species should be readily recognized by the contrasting
nature of the alternate brown and white bands.

Dysstroma mulleolata Hist. (PI. XXI, Figs. 7, 8).

In our notes on truncata and its forms (1917, Contr. Ill (4),
227-30) we accepted tentatively Mr. Swett's determination of this forni
which we considered a race of truncata but which Mr. Swett treated

138

as a good species (1917, C. Ent. XLIX, 68). Recently we examined
the so-called "Type" at Rutgers College which as we have already
noted (1. c. p. 229) is labelled "Washington Terr." ; this type proves
to be not what we figured (1. c. PI. 21, Figs. 4, 5), but a similarly
colored form of citrate L. (according to our genitalic slides) which
Mr. Swett in his paper (1. c. p. 65) has called punctum-notata Haw.
and which is quite common on Vancouver Is. in August ; the speci-
men bears out the original description excellently except that the
locality is wrong and the size given (lJ/2-1^ in.) is considerably too
large; in the same paper however (1881, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. IV,
26-8) we find a similar discrepancy in the size of another described
species, Cidaria nocticolata {moHtanata Pack.), which certainly does
not expand to 1% in., and further would note that the type of semi-
atrata, listed as from Colorado also bears a label "W. T." in the Hulst
Coll. It would seem then that this particular paper abounds in inac-
curacies and we believe that until further evidence to the contrary be
produced it will be best to accept this specimen in the Hulst Coll.
as the type of mulleolata and transfer the name to citrata L. For
the large truncata form Mr. Swett has already in our opinion given
us sufficient names (1. c. pp. 69-70) ; sobria Swett, being the first on
the list, may be used for the race collectively. A reference to our
figures will show how extremely close the two species are superficially.
The above mix-up is only a further illustration of how extremely
necessary it is to have an accurate knowledge of type sp)ecimens before
attempting to revise a group.

Dysstroma brunneata Pack. (PI. XXI, Fig. 9).

After a careful study of the type and a comparison with it of
specimens from Ketchikan, Alaska, we believe the species distinct
from either truncata or citrata and very closely related to kasloata
Tayl. ; the genitalia of our Ketchikan species (which we consider
identical with brunneata) shows an entire lack of spines to the Aedoe-
agus. We have a single S from Nepigon, Ont., which we also
incline to place here, showing that the species extends across the entire
continent in northern latitudes.

Genus Hydriomena Hbn.

We have recently received a number of specimens belonging to
this genus taken by our collector in the Monachee Meadows, Tulare

139

Co., Calif., at an altitude of about 8000 ft. ; these meadows are situ-
ated on the Eastern side of the Sierras, south of Mt. Whitney near
the headwaters of the south branch of the Kern River and proved to
be an excellent collecting ground.

Superficially all the specimens appeared very similar but an exam-
ination of the structure of the S antennae and uncus showed clearly
that three species were represented, all belonging to the short-palpi
group. Apparently they are races of species described from more
northern localities to judge by the similarity of the structural details
but as they present quite a distinct appearance we believe that racial
names are warranted. The three species with which we associate
our new forms are hcnsliawi Swett, sha^ta B. & McD. and irata Swett ;
the first named may be separated by the thin $ antennae which are
scarcely thicker than in the 9 sex ; shasta has very thick $ antennae,
strongly laterally compressed and with the segmental incisions rather
deeply cut so that the lower surface is distinctly serrate in appearance ;
in irata the antennae are rather thinner than in shasta but still more
serrate ; the differences in the shape of the Uncus have been already
illustrated by us in our Revision of the genus. We describe the new
races as follows.

Hydriomena henshawi expurgata var. nov. (PI. XXI, Fig. 6).

Typical henshawi is more or less entirely suffused with dull gray pre-
senting quite a unicolorous appearance; the present race is much more con-
trastingly and brightly marked ; the basal and median areas are pale with a
slight ochreous tinge and the antemedian and subterminal blue-gray bands
stand out sharply and brightly ; the pale median area is bordered on both
sides by distinct ruddy shades, especially toward the inner margin, and there
is a certain amount of ruddy shading terminally and beyond the pale basal
area, these shades serving to accentuate the blue-gray bands already mentioned.

Habitat: Monachee Meadows, Tulare Co., Calif. (8000 ft.). 3 ^,6 2.
Types, Coll. Barnes.

Hydriomena shasta borussata var. nov. (PI. XXI, Fig. 5).

Larger and much paler than our unique type of shasta; primaries whitish,
lightly sprinkled with smoky atoms with the dark cross lines and bands rather
contrasted ; subbasal line outwardly oblique with prominent outward angle in
cell and inward angle in submedian fold ; antemedian band prominent, dark,
dentate; the border lines of the broad pale median area improminent, edged
faintly with a ruddy suffusion ; subterminal band broad except at inner angle,

140

followed by a prominent oblique dark apical dash surrounded by slight ruddy
shading. Expanse 32 mm.

Habitat: Monachee Meadows, Tulare Co., Calif. (July). 1 S, 1 9.
Types, Coll. Barnes.

The description is drawn from the 9 specimen, the $ being
rubbed and generally duller in color as far as can be determined.

Hydriomena irata quaesitata var. nov. (PI. XXI, Fig. 4).

Dull gray with the bright ruddy shades of the typical form only very
faintly indicated in the ante-median area ; lines as in the type form, well defined ;
median area broad. Expanse 35 mm.

Habitat: Monachee Meadows, Tulare Co., Calif. (July). 2 S. Types,
Coll. Barnes.

Spargania bellipicta Warr. (syn. S. illustrata B. & McD.).

This species, described in 1901 from Golden, Colo. (Nov. Zool.
VIII, 468), was overlooked by us in preparing our Check List; from
the description there seems little doubt that we redescribed the species
under the name illustrata in 1917 (Contr. Ill, (4) p. 230).

EuPHYIA UNANGULATA Haw. (PI. XXI, Fig. 3).

We have received two specimens of what seems to be undoubtedly
this species from Ramparts, Alaska ; the species is generically distinct
from alternata Mull, (sociata Bork.) the areole of the primaries being
double whereas in this latter species it is single; it may be separated
from intermediata Gn. (lacustrata Auct.) which it agrees with gen-
erically by the presence of a dark terminal band on both sides of sec-
ondaries, this band in intermediata being broken up into several waved
lines. The species must again be included on our lists ; we omitted
it from our Check List as the records had evidently been based on
specimens of alternata; we figure one of the specimens which is not in
the best of condition.

Xanthorhoe salvata Pears.

In his description of this supposedly new species, Mr. Pearsall
entirely overlooked the fact that the antennal structure of his species
agreed with that of the European abrasaria H. S. ; on the strength
of this and because the general description pointed strongly in this
same direction we recently listed salvata as a race of abrasaria, giving
however trilineata Warr. priority. An examination of the type has

141

shown us the correctness of our identification ; iiow Mr. Pearsall ever
came to associate this Colorado race with incursata Hbn. as he evi-
dently did, judging by his paper, must remain a mystery; it exactly
resembles a large specimen of the common form of abrasaria found
in the White Mts., N. H., and to which the name congregata Wlk.
applies. The tnie incursata (or at least a very closely allied race of
the same) occurs in this country at high altitudes in the Canadian
Rockies ; we have a series from Laggan and Banff.

Genus Nasusina Pears. (PI. XV, Fig. 7).

Following a discussion by Grossbeck (1908, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc.
XVI, 21) of the genus GymnosccUs Mab. and the species included
in it by Hulst in which the variability of the number of pairs of spurs
on the hind tibiae was pointed out Pearsall ( 1908, Can. Ent. XL, 344)
erected the genus Nasusina for seven species which he claimed all
possessed a similar nose-like frontal prominence; he designated as
type the species inferior Hist. The choice of inferior as the type
of the genus is singularly unfortunate as this species does not possess
the cone-like prominence found in gypsata Grt. and its allies as has
been already noted by Grossbeck in the above mentioned article ; in this
species however the front is distinctly roundedly bulging, being con-
siderably raised between the eyes, and is covered with a closely
appressed thick mat of scales giving a very distinctive appearance
quite in contrast to what is found in typical Eupithecia species where
we have a flat sloping front with merely a terminal tuft of scales
protruding between the palpi. We think therefore that the genus
will hold, but so far as our investigations go should be made to include
only three species, viz, inferior Hist., minufa Hist, and vaporata Pears.
Of these last two species vaporata was described as a Eupithecia but
has exactly the same style of raised front as inferior, our own opinion
regarding this species being confirmed by Mr. F. E. Watson who has
kindly examined the type specimens for us; minuta Hist, has been
included in Mabille's genus Gymnoscelis on the strength of the single
pair of spurs on the hind tibiae; this genus, based on the European
species pumilata Hbn., is however characterized by Meyrick as pos-
sessing a similar cone of scales on the front to that of Eupithecia ( 1892,
Tr. Lond. Ent. Soc. p. 65) and Rebel (Spuler, Schmett. Eur. II. 68)
notes the fact that veins 6 and 7 of secondaries are always unstalked ;

142

as minuta shows these veins stalked as in Eupithecia and differs fur-
ther from the characterization of Gymnoscclis in its frontal structure
we believe this genus should be dropped and minuta included in
Nasusina, the spurs of the hind tibiae having already been shown to
be a variable feature although in this one species apparently constantly
single. In the three species noted the palpi are short, rather laterally
compressed with the second joint heavily tufted with scales on its
dorsal surface.

The following species, included up to now under Nasusina, all
agree in showing a cone-like protuberant front projecting between
the eyes with closely appressed scaling and with the under surface
more or less hollowed out so as to partially contain the roUed-up
proboscis ; the palpi also differ from the type found in Nasusina in
being more compressed laterally with much closer appressed scaling
and with little or none of the dorsal tufting found in both that genus
and in Eupithecia; on the other hand at the base of the palpi on the
under side the scaling is more prominent ( PI. XV, Fig. 6 ) :

gypsata Grt.

leucata Hist.

remorata Grossb.

discoidalis Grossb.

artestata Grossb.

desperata Hist.

mellisa Grossb.

insipidata Pears.
Of these eight species the only one unknown to us and of which
we do not possess a specimen compared with the type is artestata
Grossb. and we presume that Grossbeck was correct in placing it,
although the type at Philadelphia must be examined to make this cer-
tain; opinata Pears, we believe better placed in Eupithecia; the front
is only very slightly bulging but has a scale tuft which probably misled
Pearsall into placing the species in Nasusina; the palpi are also dor-
sally tufted and the species would in some ways appear to lead over
from Nasusina to Eupithecia; nivcifascia Hist, is distinctly a Eupi-
thecia and superficially somewhat similar to perbrunneata Tayl.

As it seems advisable to separate this group from the main bulk
of the genus Eupithecia we propose for it the generic name Proeella,
designating gypsata Grt. as type; the main characters of the genus

143

we have already given but would note further that the venation is
that of Eupithecia and that the upper pair of spurs on the hind tibiae
may be present or wanting; in remorata we find the greatest develop-
ment of the frontal prominence but in the other species it is also readily
recognizable ; we would however warn against mistaking the conical
scale tuft found generally in the genus Eupithecia for the frontal pro-
tuberance of Prorella, this latter being actually a portion of the chit-
inous membrane and as well defined in denuded specimens as in those
fully scaled. It is possible that ravocostaliata and its allies must also
be referred here as they show a somewhat similar frontal projection,
but further study of the whole Eupithecia group will be necessary
before this is done.

Nasusina insipidata Pears. (PI. XXII, Fig. 4).

In our recent Check List we placed this species as a synonym of
incllisa Grossb., our knowledge of the species being based on the
Co-type from California in the American Museum; we recently ex-
amined the type from Las Vegas, N. M., in the National Museum
and we believe that this represents a species distinct from mellisa
(PI. XXII, Fig. 3) and is not the same thing as the New York Co-type;
it has a darker ground color with none of the ochreous shading found
in mellisa and with apparently a smaller discal dot. Until good series
of both these species are available for study it would be wise to keep
them apart. We figure our conception of both species.

Eupithecia mendicata sp. nov. (PI. XXII, Fig. 2).

Confused with Nasusina vaporata Pears. (Fig. 1) is another small
species from the same locality which may be separated primarily on
the frontal structure. We have already dealt with the structure of
vaporata; in the new species the front is typically Eupitheciid i. e.
sloping, non-protuberant and ending in a tuft of conical scaling; the
palpi are also somewhat longer than in vaporata and project slightly
beyond the front. Under the above name we describe the species as
follows :

Primaries dull gray shaded along outer margin with smoky; the sub-
basal, antemedian and postmedian lines are distinct, dark and parallel, being
inclined sharply outwardly below costa, then angled or rounded and inwardly
oblique, parallel to outer margin, to inner margin; the median space formed by
the two latter lines is crossed by two further faint wavy lines and contains a
rather prominent dark discal dot; there are also several faint lines preceding

144

the antemedian and one following the postmedian line ; along the costa the
main lines are generally accentuated by slight dark blotches ; through the darker
terminal space are traces of a pale waved s. t. line ; a heavy blackish terminal
line broken by pale dots on the veins. Secondaries with the lines of primaries
continued, the postmedian being especially heavy and preceded by a minute
discal dot. Beneath primaries darker than above with traces of the same
maculation but much fainter and confined largely to the outer area; secondaries
paler than above with dark basal area, well defined discal dot and postmedian
line and dark subtemiinal one. Expanse 13-14 mm.

Habitat: San Diego, Calif. (Apr. -May). 3 5 , 2 $. Types, Coll.
Barnes.

One 9 Co-type is in the collection of the American Museum,
this specimen having been included by Pearsall as a Co-type of vapor-
ata; apart from the frontal structure the species may be recognized
by the larger discal dot of primaries and the paler color with better
defined ante- and postmedian lines.

EUPITHECIA MISERULATA Grt.

There seems to be no end gained in disputing the identity of this
species as determined by Pearsall and Grossbeck (Ent. News, XIX,
312) and we agree in applying the name to the species with heavily
fasciculate-ciliate antennae. Regarding the synonymy we are rather
in doubt ; nehulosa Hist, was described from speciinens from N. Y.,
Texas and N. J. ; the type from N. J. is a 9 in the Philadelphia
Academy Coll. and is probably miscrulata; the N. Y. and Texan
specimens are in the Hulst. Coll. the latter being in very poor con-
dition ; under these circumstances we believe the holotype should be
restricted to the N. Y. specimen as was virtually done by Grossbeck
(Ent. News, XVIII, 343). This specimen is one of those forms with
rather evident brown band following the postmedian line and with
darker median area than usual and equals grossbeckiata Swett ; know-
ing how close some of the Eupithccia species run to each other we
are in doubt as to whether nebttlosa may not eventually prove a
good species but our material at present is totally inadequate to decide
the question and we suggest for the present listing nehulosa (gross-
beckiata) as a form of niiserulata rather than making it an exact syn-
onym in order that this possibly distinctive feature may not be totally
lost to sight.

Plumbaria Hist, based on a single 9 from Washington, D. C,
in the National Museum seems to be nothing but a 9 miserulata
and must be added to the synonymy.

145

EUPITHECIA PERFUSCA Fllst.

This species was limited by Taylor to the one represented by the
type 9 from Utah in the National Museum (C. Ent. XL, 58) which
he and Dr. Dyar seemed to regard as conspecific with an obscurely
marked species common at Kaslo and Wellington B. C. After a study
of this type we are in some considerable doubt as to whether this
identification is correct; the type is a very immaculate specimen with
less rounded apex of primaries and a distinct black band on the abdo-
men and runs closer to slocaiiata Tayl. than anything else we know
of ; more study, especially of Utah material, will be necessary to settle
the status of perfusca; the whole group is one of the most difficult
of this difficult genus.

EuPITHECIA ANNULATA Hlst. (PI. XXII, Fig. 9).

The species was described from a single specimen of doubtful
locality, probably California; a study of the type at Rutgers College
has convinced us that the species is the same as that described later
by Pearsall as limnata from Vancouver Is. material.

EuPITHECIA FLEBILIS Hlst.

This species from Alaska and lagganata Tayl. are very closely
related and in fact a comparison of the types failed to show us any
marked points of distinction ; in view however of the wide divergence
of the type localities it might be well to keep the two names separate
until longer series establish firmly their exact relationship. We figure
the type of lagganata Tayl. (PI. XXII, Fig. 5).

EuPITHECIA FORTUNATA Pears. (PI. XXII, Fig. 6).

We believe this name must fall to obumbrata Tayl. ; the type
localities Golden, Colo., and Victoria, B. C, are wide apart but the
species with its dark secondaries marked much as the primaries is
easily recognized and rather striking ; it is apparently a northern species
extending down the Rockies and the Pacific Coast.

EuPITHECIA FAsciATA Tayl. (PI. XXII, Fig. 7).

This name will fall to catskillata Pears, which has a couple of
years priority; two of the types from Ottawa and N. J. are before
us and we have seen the third type from Mass. in Coll. Swett ; they

146

are conspecific; we have also compared the type with Pearsall's type
series of catskillata so feel reasonably sure of the correctness of our
reference.

EUPITHECIA CALIFORNIATA Gumpp.

This name was given by Gumppenberg (1888, Nov. Act. Halle
52, p. 174) for a supposed variety of misendata, based on three speci-
mens from California mentioned by Packard in his Monograph, p.
54, under miscrulata; these three specimens which represent the types
of californiata have been found by Mr. Swett in the Packard collec-
tion ; they have, however, nothing to do with misendata but are very
closely related to rotnndopuncta Pack. ; they seem to have more pointed
wings and a smaller discal dot but more study with better preserved
material will be necessary before the exact dififerences can be pointed
out.

EUPITHECIA ADORN ATA Tayl. (PI. XXII, Fig. 10).

This species will, we believe, fall to obscurior Hist. ; this latter
species was described (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. XXIII, 271) from speci-
mens from California and Colorado; in the Rutgers Coll. the type
is labelled "Colorado (Bruce)" and we would make this specimen
the holotype; we have no record of the existence of any other type
in other collections. Taylor's adornata was described from Calgary
specimens and we have compared one of the Co-types with the type
of obscurior and believe them to represent the same species. We might
note in this connection that the type specimen of nimbicolor Hist, from
Calgary greatly resembles a rather suffused obscurior, but without
comparing further material we would hesitate to call them identical;
they should however be placed next each other in our lists; another
very close ally is incresata Pears, described from Princeton Summit
and Skagit Basin, B. C. ; it shows the same brownish basal and s. t.
shades but is rather duller in maculation.

EuPiTHECiA PERiLLATA Pears. (PI. XXII, Fig. 11).

A study of types proves this species the same as behrensata Pack. ;
the type of this latter at Cambridge is a rather worn specimen with
the cross-lines indistinct whereas Pearsall's type shows the lines fairly
clearly, but sufficient of the lines can be traced on Packard's type to

147

make the reference fairly certain ; we might note that the discal dot
varies considerably in size in the three specimens we possess from San
Bernardino Co., Calif.

EuPiTHECiA cLASsicATA Pears. (syn. E. penumbrata Pears.) (PI.
XXII, Fig. 8).
The species classicata was described from a single male from
the Huachuca Mts., Ariz., the type being now in the Coll. Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist, ex Coll. Grossbeck ; penumbrata was described several years
later as a Eucymatoge from two specimens, a 9 from Palmerlee, Ariz.,
the Holotype, which is also in the Am. Mus. Coll. ex Coll. Pearsall
and a S from Redington, Ariz., in the Barnes Coll labelled "Co-type,"
which we figure. The type of classicata is in very poor condition, but
as far as can be told represents a rather dwarfed $ of penumbrata;
Mr. F. Watson has kindly examined the venation of the type for us
and reports that, although somewhat torn at this point by the spread-
ing needle, the specimen appears to show two accessory cells, which
would throw it into Eucymatoge as defined by Hulst. Pearsall evi-
dently later considered the two names to be synonyms as the type
of penumbrata bears a label in his handwriting "Is this a synonym of
E. classicata?" and a "Yes" written diagonally across it; our own
comparison of our Co-type with the types in New York failed to
show any definite points of distinction, and we beheve the above syn-
onymy should be accepted; the species however, according to Mr.
Prout, is better placed in the genus Eupitliecia, belonging to a small
group with double accessory cell, which includes atiticaria Wlk. and
graefi Hist.

Eucymatoge spermaphaga Dyar.

This recently described species (1917, Insec. Ins. Menstr., V, 68)
is apparently the one listed by the Rev. G. VV. Taylor as togata Hbn.
(1909, C. Ent., XLI, 428). The larva of this European species has
similar food-plants to that of spermaphaga, viz. the cones of various
pine and fir species, and it will be interesting to determine whether
any specific differences exist sufficient to warrant the retention of
Dyar's name. As to the generic reference Dyar has probably fol-
lowed Hulst who cites togata as the type of Eucymatoge ; European
authorities (Rebel, Prout., etc.), however, agree that the presence of
a double areole on the primaries is not of generic value in this case
and the species should be listed under Eupitliecia.

148

GEOMETRINAE

Macaria unipunctaria Wgt. (PI. XXI, Figs. 10, 11).

We have recently received through the kindness of E. P. Van
Duzee a photograph of the Paratype of Melanolophia unipunctaria
Wgt. described recently in the Ent. News, 1916, XXVII, p. 458; the
species is quite misplaced in the genus Melaiiolophia and belongs in
the granitata group of Macaria being very close to succosata Zell.
which was described ostensibly from Massachusetts material received
from Packard. We have never seen any Eastern material that would
correspond with Zeller's diagnosis, so cannot give the points of dis-
tinction ; we would however call attention to the large red-brown costal
spot beyond t. p. line common to both species. Besides a 9 from
the type locality we have specimens of unipunctaria from Monachee
Meadows, Tulare Co., Calif., and various points in the Santa Catalina
Mts. of Arizona ; the species is probably a pine feeder. The $ an-
tennae we should characterize as serrate and fasciculate rather than
pectinate; the serrations are slightly shorter than in multilineafa Pack,
but larger than in the Vancouver Is. form of dispuncta Wlk.

Macaria adonis sp. nov. (PI. XXI, Fig. 12).

Antennae in $ serrate and fasciculate, in 9 simple ; palpi, head and
collar bright orange, abdomen pale ochreous with a double row of black dorsal
dots; thorax and primaries mouse gray, the latter somewhat shaded with
whitish on inner half of wing; three prominent black costal spots giving rise
to the ordinary dark lines, the second line rather closer to the first than to
the third (postmedian), these two being rather faint, slightly bent outward
below costa, then straight across wing ; the postmedian line is prominently
angled on vein 6, then indistinct, broken and parallel to the other lines, all
three showing under a lens traces of olivaceous scaling; beyond the t. p. line
the outer area is bright cinnamon-brown with the exception of an apical gray
patch and a smaller costal triangular patch adjacent to t. p. line ; at times a
faint gray s. t. line may be traced through the brown area arising from the
apical gray patch ; a broken terminal dark line ; fringes dusky, deepest in the
subapical excision, with a small pale area at apex of wing. Secondaries simi-
lar to primaries with the basal area rather paler, the two outer lines continued
across wings, the outer being wavy ; a small discal dot ; outer margin crenu-
late, distinctly angled at vein 4. Beneath whitish, shaded with light brown
especially on outer area, the lines of upper side reproduced ; discal dots on
all wings, most distinct on secondaries. Expanse 31-34 mm.

Habitat: Monachee Meadows, Tulare Co., Calif. 5 3,9 9. Types,
Coll. Barnes.

149

The species belongs in the bicolorata group but we know of no
name applicable to it; it is extremely handsome and should be easily
recognized from our figure.

Phasiane hebetata Hist. (PI. XXI, Fig. 13).

In our Contributions Vol. Ill (3) p. 181, we called attention to
the poor condition of the type 9 at Rutgers and expressed the
opinion that hebetata would probably prove to be a poorly marked form
of decorata Grossb. A further study of the type and comparison
with more material proved conclusively to us that this reference was
erroneous; we believe now that hebetata is the same species as our
ponderosa form demaculata (Contr. Ill, (4) p. 235) ; the heavily
sprinkled under side with tinges of ochreous along costal border of
primaries and the large discal dot of secondaries are characteristic ;
besides a specimen which we figure which agrees absolutely with the
type, we have a Colorado $ of the heavily marked form ponderosa.
The synonymy would therefore stand

hebetata Hist.

demaculata B. & McD.

form ponderosa B. & McD.
Decorata Grossb. must be reinstated as a good species and not a
form of hebetata.

Itame sericeata Hist. (PI. XXI, Figs. 16, 17, 19, 20).

This species was described (1898, C. Ent. XXX, 191) from
several specimens from Colorado Desert (Edw.) and Arizona
(Kunze) ; in Ent. News XVIII, 149, Grossbeck refers the 2 5 types
in the Hulst. Coll. to correllata Hist.; Dr. Dyar (Ent. News XVIII,
205) on the strength of a type from Prescott, Ariz., in the National
Museum objects to this reference and Grossbeck (1907, Tr. Am. Ent.
Soc. XXXIII, 341), after having seen a specimen agreeing with the
National Museum type, refers 1 9 type (Colorado Desert) to cor-
rellata, but keeps the other (Senator, Ariz.) as a good species, not-
ing however later on (1909, Ent. News, XX, 354) that sericeata Hist,
falls as a synonymy of colata Grt.

The type of this latter species is a 9 from Tucson, Ariz., in
the Brooklyn Inst. Coll. ; we have examined this type carefully as
well as the two types in the Hulst Coll. representing respectively cor-
rellata and sericeata and fail to find specific diflferences; colata

150

and sericeata are based on 9 specimens and both show a straighter
t. p. line with very little bend in the submedian fold as com-
pared with correllata, based on a 5 specimen ; this difference
we believe to be sexual and not specific and not even entirely constant
in either sex, as a long series before us from Vineyard, Utah, shows
considerable variation in the course of this t. p. line in both sexes;
we believe we are correct in referring both sericeata and correllata
as synonyms of colata Grt.

We figure a pair of specimens from Utah which agree with the
types of correllata and colata respectively, and also a pair from Mon-
achee Meadows, Tulare Co., Calif., which shows a still greater curve
in the t. p. line and probably represents the form of the High Sierras.

Itame simpliciata sp. nov. (PI. XXI, Fig. 15).

Front whitish, thorax and primaries whitish to pale mouse gray, evenly
sprinkled with brown atoms; t. a. line obscure, strongly angled outwardly be-
low costa, then slightly incurved to inner margin ; t. p. line prominent, almost
upright, with a small outward tooth on vein 5 and an outward bend above inner
margin, accentuated by a dark spot above vein 5 and more heavily marked
in the submedian fold, followed except at costa by a dark shade; s. t. line only
marked for a short distance below costa by a dark shade-line ; fringes pale
outwardly, darker at base. Secondaries smoky, whitish along inner margin
with smoky speckles, fringes white outwardly. Beneath primaries smoky brown
with the apex broadly light gray; secondaries light gray sprinkled with brown
and with an obscure curved brown postmedian line. Expanse 24 mm.

Habitat: Paradise, Arizona (Mch. Apr.) 2 $. Types, Coll. Barnes.

The species is allied to pallipennata B. & McD. but is more even
in color with a straighter t. p. line and no postmedian line on upper
side of secondaries.

Plataea trilinearia astrigaria var. nov. (PI. XX, Fig. 1).

Median area of wing pale olivaceous bordered by white bands as in the
type form; remainder of wing very pale olivaceous, scarcely darker than
the white bands in consequence of which these latter are very improminent;
s. t. line faint, white, just perceptible on the slightly darker ground ; an oblique
white discal streak ; fringes white with very prominent blackish streaks opposite
the veins. Secondaries white, slightly peppered with dusky atoms. Expanse 5
36 mm., 9 33 mm.

Habitat: Olancha, Inyo Co., Calif. 1 $, \ 9. Types, Coll. Barnes.

A very striking race easily recognizable by its pale coloration and
entire lack of white marks on the veins ; it may prove to be a good
species but for the present we treat it as a desert race of trilinearia.

151

Plataea calcaria Pears.

Apicrcna calcaria Pears., 1911, C. Ent. XLIII, 205 ( 9 ).

Plataea triangulata B. & McD., 1916, Contr. Ill, (1), 27, PI. Ill,
Fig. 18. (5).

The receipt of several more specimens of both sexes from Palm
Spgs., Calif., and also of a 5 from Yuma Co., Ariz., convinces
us that our triangulata is merely the 2 sex of Pearsall's calcaria
of which we have recently examined the type; the sexual difference
is striking but the agreement in structure of the two sexes makes
the reference certain. We can see no reason for retaining the genus
Apicrena Pears. ; the venation is that of Plataea with which genus it
also agrees in the shortly pectinate 9 antennae.

Glaucina puellaria Dyar. (PI. XXII, Figs. 12, 13).

The types are several 9 's in the National Museum from vari-
ous southern Arizona localities ; they appear to be conspecific although
a Co-type sent us years ago by Dr. Dyar from Catalina Spgs., Ariz.
(Schwarz) represents an entirely different species, being a 9 Syn-
glochis perumbraria Hist. ; the 2 i 's mentioned by Dr. Dyar in his
description as being doubtfully identical we believe to be something
else and, as these are provided with type labels and might lead to con-
fusion later, we hereby restrict the type of puellaria to the 9 from
S. Arizona, Poling. We believe the species will prove to be synony-
mous with escaria Grt. ; the markings and color of primaries agree
exactly with a specimen (also from S. Arizona, Poling) which we
have compared with the $ type in the Brooklyn Inst.; the under
side of both wings shows a broad darkish marginal band in the puel-
laria types but we believe this is merely a 9 characteristic. In our
Contributions (Vol. Ill (3) 183) we were inclined to associate error-
aria Dyar with escaria Grt. but believe now that the species is valid ;
at that time our notion of puellaria was taken from the S specimens
instead of the true 9 types. Erroraria (PI. XXII, Fig. 14), the
type being a 9 from Hot Springs, Ariz. (Schwarz), is very similar
to puellaria (escaria) in maculation but the color of primaries is paler,
approaching fawn-gray, and the secondaries have a whiter basal area ;
the type shows a whitish, subcrenulate s. t. line which is obsolete in
the two co-types from Tucson, Ariz. ; we have not yet definitely identi-
fied S 's of erroraria.

152

The group is a difficult one and will require further study, but
we are reasonably sure of our reference of puellaria Dyar to escaria
Grt.

Glaucina simularia sp. nov. (PI. XXI, Fig. 14).

Thorax and primaries deep smoky ; t. a, line indistinct, sharply angled
outwardly below cubitus ; a slight black streak in cell ; median shade and t. p.
line close together and parallel, arising from apical portion of costa and
strongly inwardly oblique, the former broad, smoky, bent outward below costa,
then oblique and slightly crenulate with a faint inward angle in submedian
fold ; t. p. Une narrow, oblique at costa, slightly bulging at vein 6, then curving
obliquely backward to submedian fold where it bends outward and continues
less obliquely to inner margin just beyond its center; it is followed by a
distinct light brown shade-band ; subterminal area shaded with blackish and
white and bounded outwardly by a white s. t. line, in general parallel to t. p.
line ; fringes dark with white basal line. Secondaries heavily sprinkled with
smoky and with a deeper smoky terminal border, containing a white, slightly
irregular s. t. line parallel to outer margin ; fringes as on primaries. Beneath
heavily peppered with smoky with traces of the subterminal markings of upper
side on both wings; secondaries with small discal dot. Expanse 28 mm.

Habitat : Monachee Meadows, Tulare Co., Calif. 1 9 . Type, Coll.
Barnes.

The species is closely allied to hulstinoides Grossb. but is larger,
darker-winged and the lateral rim of the frontal prominence is not so
well defined. Both species show distinct pectinate antennae in the
9 sex which may eventually lead to their separation from the genus
Glaucina to which in maculation they show no very great affinity. The
tibial spine on our species is small and might easily be overlooked.

Pterotaea obliviscata sp. nov. (PI. XXI, Fig. 21).

Very similar to memoriata Pears. (PI. XXI, Fig. 18) but paler in color
without the ochreous tinge of this species ; the maculation is very obscure, but
in general similar to that of memoriata ; the s. t. line is better defined, irregular,
distinctly dentate, the whole terminal area being paler then the s. t. area and
without the heavy dark shades at apex and ana! angle with a pale space be-
tween veins 3 and 4 which characterizes memoriata; there is a distinct row of
terminal blackish interspaceal dots on both wings (lacking in Pearsall's species)
and usually a small but fairly clear discal dot. Beneath both wings are whit-
ish with generally a small discal dot and dotted terminal line. Expanse 23 mm.

Habitat: Paradise, Arizona (May, Aug., Sept.) 7 3, 4 9. Types,
Coll. Barnes.

153

As the species is difficult to describe we give figures of both
species which should show the salient points of distinction better than
a mere description; we have a good series of mcmoriata before us
and the differences seem perfectly constant; both species occur in the
same locality and are alike in structure.

Cleora (Selidosema) dionaria sp. nov. (PI. XX, Fig. 6).

Primaries whitish, rather heavily sprinkled with smoky and with a yellow-
ish tinge on the veins in the neighborhood of the cross-lines; four obscure
equidistant smoky patches on costa giving rise to cross-lines of which the first
is obsolescent, outwardly rounded and closely approached to the second at
inner margin ; the second corresponds to the ordinary t. p. line, is not very
distinct, inwardly oblique and slightly dentate ; the third is bent out below costa
forming an angle in which a discal ringlet rests, then irregular to inner margin
and approximate to t. p. line; the fourth or t. p. line is the most distinct of
all, evenly dentate, rounded outwardly below costa, then oblique inwardly to
inner margin above which it forms a rather prominent inward excavation with
an outward angle on vein 1 ; following it is a slight brownish shade, most
distinct on the veins ; s. t. line obscure, pale, dentate, preceded by smoky shade ;
a black scalloped terminal line, accentuated at base of scallops by a dark dot;
secondaries similar to primaries in color, with a distinct dentate t. p. line and
a somewhat larger discal ringlet. Beneath silky whitish, costa of primaries
pale ochreous, blotched with smoky; faint discal ringlets and dark terminal
line to both wings.

9 . Whiter than the $ with prominent discal ringlet on secondaries.
Expanse $ 40 mm. ; 2 45 mm.

Habitat: Palmerlee, Ariz. 4 $, \ 9. Types, Coll. Barnes.

Very similar to grisearia Grt. but larger, less contrasted in colora-
tion and with a discal ringlet on secondaries instead of a dot ; it is also
allied to fiirfuraria Hist, but separated readily by the ringlet; the S
shows no hair-pencil on the hind-tibia.

Cleora porcelaria Gn.

This species, which was not definitely recognized by either Pack-
ard or Hist., was doubtfully placed as a synonym of umbrosaria Hbn.
by Hulst in Dyar's List (p. 325) and this reference was followed by
ourselves in our recent Check List. The types are stated to be 3 $
in Coll. Paris Museum and Boisduval ; M. Oberthur states (fit. Lep.
Comp., VII, 274) that no specimen exists in his collection ex Coll.
Boisduval and we were unable on our last visit to Paris to find any
type specimens there so that we must conclude that the types are
probably lost.

154

Guenee in his description separates porcelaria (not porccllaria as
usually written) from his gnophnria by the fact that the discal ringlet,
so prominent in this latter species, is reduced to a simple curved dash
(un simple trait arque) ; he further mentions particularly a fovea
(vesicule) at the base of primaries which forms on the under side a
small rounded depression (une petite fossette arrondie).

These two features lead us to believe that without much doubt
Guenee had before him specimens of what is listed at present as
indicataria Wlk. ; this species distinctly resembles iimbrosaria {gno-
pliaria) in type of maculation, but has the ringlet reduced to a curved
dash and further shows a very prominent fovea at the base of pri-
maries. As Guenee ascribes the name porcelaria to Abbot (presum-
ably according to an unpublished figure), we may take it that the
type locality was Georgia ; in this case filaria Wlk. and maestosa Hist.
{vide B. & McD. Contr., Ill, (3), 185) become synonyms of porce-
laria and the name indicataria Wlk. may be employed for the northern
race common in the New England States and Canada if it be so
desired.

As regards gnopharia Gn. and iimbrosaria Hbn. we believe, as
far as we can judge from the rather poor figures given, that they
are synonyms; Guenee's idea of iimbrosaria with uniform dark gray
under side and no subterminal band does not coincide with Hubner's
figure in our copy of the Sammlung Ex. Schmett.

Philtraea elegantaria paucimacula var. nov. (PI. XX, Fig. 3).
The typical form of this species (Fig. 2), has the black markings
on both sides of the t. a. and t. p. lines and within the circular reniform
yellow spot very heavy, the latter being almost entirely black filled;
the typical species occurs in the mountain ranges of Pima Co., Ariz.
In the eastern portion of its range the species assumes a somewhat
different aspect, showing a marked reduction of black spotting, espe-
cially noticeable within the reniform ring where the spots are usually
mere dots and the center is white; as this difference seems entirely
constant we propose the above racial name, our type series being
2 ,J , 5 2 from San Benito, Texas (Mch.) ; we also have the race
from Greenville, Miss., and it extends west through New Mexico (Ft.
Wingate, Jemez Spgs.) to the eastern border of Arizona (White Mts.) ;
the Ft. Wingate specimens are slightly better marked than our types,
but eastern Arizona ones show even less markings; it may be that
semi-desert conditions are responsible for the lack of maculation.

155

Plagodis KUETZiNGARiA Pack. (PI. XXIII, Fig. 3).

We already (Contr. Ill, (4) p. 249) have had occasion to refer
to this species and its involved synonymy; on a recent visit to Cam-
bridge we went over the specimens of this species contained in the
Packard collection and found that of the original type specimens only
the single specimen from Maryland was present and this did not agree
well with either the description or the figure given (PI. XI, Fig. 44).
A visit to the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History
proved, however, that there still existed in the Harris Collection the
specimen labelled "Cambridge May 6," "Coll. Harris," and as this
agrees well with Packard's figure we propose that it be made the holo-
type of the species. Of the other specimens mentioned from Albany
(Lintner) Ithaca (Comstock) and New York (Grote) we have no
record ; it may be that they may still be found in the respective collec-
tions; Morrison's Cambridge specimen is probably destroyed.

Purpuraria Pears, we believe will prove a distinct species from
kuetsingaria as thus limited; the group seems to be an involved one
and until careful comparisons of S genitalia can be made we prefer
not to make too definite statements.

GoNODONTLS? siMPLicius sp. nov. (PI. XX, Figs. 4, 5).

Palpi moderate, porrect; $ antennae bipectinate to near apex, 9 an-
tennae faintly serrate; head, thorax, abdomen and wings pale grayish ochreous,
the latter heavily sprinkled with blackish dots which thicken in the subterminal
area forming an irregular blackish band bordered outwardly by a pale s. t. line
beyond which the terminal area is paler than remainder of wing; a discal dot
on both wings, largest on primaries; the t. p. line is generally wanting, but
in some instances is present, slightly crenulate, outwardly oblique from costa
to vein 6 then bent and parallel to outer margin ; fringes pale ochreous. Be-
neath considerably paler than above but similar in maculation. In the 9 the
abdomen projects considerably beyond the secondaries with protuberant ovi-
positor and the wings are rather stumpy looking, giving the appearance of
being slightly aborted. Expanse 35 mm.

Habitat: Olancha, Inyo Co., Calif. (June ). 8 5,8 ?. Types, Coll.
Barnes.

The generic reference is doubtful and the species possibly might
better be referred to Mcris Hist. ; the venation appears to agree with
Hulst's definition of this genus, veins 10, 11 and 12 anastomosing;
the hind tibiae in the 5 are without hair pencil and we can see no
fovea at base of primaries ; the species resembles, however, cctrapclaria

156

Grossb. so closely that we feel it should be placed next this species;
from cctrapclaria it differs by its much smaller size and generally
more slender build ; the 9 has a much longer abdomen which pro-
trudes well beyond the secondaries and from what can be seen of the
t. p. line it appears to be more crenulate in our new species.

Synaxis triangulata B. & McD.

This recently described species (Contr. Ill, (1) 2>i) was placed
by us in Sabulodes from a single 9 specimen ; the receipt of a 5
from Kerrville, Texas, which has pectinate antennae renders the re-
moval from this genus necessary ; the antennae of the 9 , as noted
in our original description, are distinctly bidentate and although the
S antennae are much more strongly pectinate than in fnscata Hist,
or jubararia Hist, the reference to the genus Synaxis is the most satis-
factory we know of at the present time, the palpi being distinctly
shorter than we find in members of the genus Phcrne and Epiplaly-
metra.

Stenaspilates metzaria Dyar.

This name is based on a rather dark gray $ from Clarcmont,
Calif., of the species apapinaria Dyar, described the year previous from
ochreous 9 specimens from San Diego, Calif. ; as in the whole
Stciiaspilatcs group there is a great variety of color exhibited in this
species, the S 's ranging from dark gray to dark ochreous, the 9 's
being more constantly deep ochreous. If desired, the name metzaria
may be used for the color-form of apapinaria as noted.

Sabulodes accentuata sp. nov. (PI. XXIII, Fig. 4).

Thorax and wings pale to deep ochreous, the primaries striate in appear-
ance and crossed by two rather broad smoky lines, the t. a. line outwardly
oblique from costa to lower portion of cell, then slightly angled and almost
straight to inner margin ; t. p. line from costa near apex, very slightly sinuate,
almost rigidly oblique, accentuated on the veins by black dots, continued across
secondaries as a straight line, similarly dotted on the veins. Beneath silky
ochreous with maculation of upper side showing through; fringes rather deeper
in color with distinct black dots at end of veins. Expanse 39 mm.

Habitat: Flagstaff, Arizona (May). 4 $. Types, Coll. Barnes.

157

Destutia sericeata B. & McD.

We find on going over our collection that this species recently
described by us (1917, Contr., Ill (4) 261) is closely related to the
species now listed as Phcngommataca dissimilis Hist. ; typical dis-
similis from Glenwood Spgs., Colo., is without cross lines and of a
rather deeper yellow shade than sericeata but we have specimens from
Jemez Spgs., N. Mex., showing traces of lines which have a similar
course to those of our species although not so clearly defined. Both
species are without the tibial hair-pencil, a feature which led Hulst
to place dissimilis in the genus Phcngomntataea where it is clearly mis-
placed; we believe they would be better placed in Grossbeck's genus
Destutia which differs from Sabidodes in the lack of this tibial hair
pencil; they may prove to be merely races or seasonal forms of one
species.

158

MEGALOPYGIDAE

Megalopyge lapena Schaus.

In Can. Ent. 1913, p. 185, we recorded the above species from
Arizona ; recently, together with Dr. Dyar, we compared one of our
y\rizona specimens with Schaus' type in the National Museum and
noted that they were not identical ; in the type S there is a distinct
small brown patch on primaries at end of cell at the origin of vein
5 which in our Arizona specimens (PI. XX, Fig. 12) is reduced quite
constantly to a small dark dot which, together with the subapical spot,
is rather darker brown than the basal patch ; Druce's figure of lapena
in Biol. Cent. Am. Het. PI. 86, Fig. 13, does not bring out very clearly
the nature of the discocellular patch which is really much better defined
than in the copy before us. For our Arizona form, which we treat
as a race rather than a species, we propose the name heteropuncta,
our types being 3 S from Chiricahua Mts., Ariz. (Aug.) and 2 $
from Palmerlee, Ariz., and Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz.

159

PYRALIDAE

PYRAUSTINAE

Syngamia florepicta Dyar.

The species was described (1914, Proc. U. S. N. M. XLVII, 392)
from Mexico and was later listed (1917, Insec. Ins. Menstr., V, 71)
from the United States. There seems little doubt that the name is
a synonym of talis Grt. (No. 4936 of our list) ; the description agrees
perfectly with a specimen we have compared with Grote's type in the
British Museum. The species is rather widely distributed throughout
the Gulf States.

ISCHNURGES CHROMAPHILA Dyar.

If Dr. Dyar's record of this species from Arizona (1917, Insec.
Ins. Menstr., V, 72) is based on correctly identified material then
cliroinafliila becomes a synonym of roscopcnnalis Hist. (No. 5053
of our list) ; the species was described from material from N. Carolina
and Arizona and we have specimens from both localities which we
cannot separate either in structure or maculation ; our long Arizona
series shows considerable variation in the amount of pink shading
beyond the cell on primaries. We see no adequate reason for remov-
ing the species from the genus Diascmia at present as the maxillary
palpi are certaintly not filiform althougli not very markedly tufted.

LOXOSTEGE ANARTALIS Grt.

In our Collection there have been several species included under
this one name; typical auartalis (PI. XXII, Fig. 15) was described
from Soda Springs, Siskiyou Co., Calif., and is characterized by the
deep black border of secondaries preceded by a broad band of creamy
white with the basal area blackish ; beneath both wings show a broad
black border. Hulst's description of lulualis (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc,
XIII, 150) applies exactly to this form and although we restricted
the name to the type specimen from Anticosti Island (Contr. Ill, (3)
191) this action of ours may not hold if the specimen does not agree
with the diagnosis. We have several specimens from Manitoba and
Alberta (PI. XXII, Fig. 17) which differ from typical anarlalis at the
first glance by lacking the broad white area of secondaries which is

160

reduced to a narrow dull gray band preceded by a dotted blackish
line, the whole basal area being deep smoky ; the outer band is less
intensely black and narrower. Beneath there is none of the prom-
inent black marginal banding of anartalis, both wings being pale whitish
ochrcous with slightly darker terminal area ; the primaries show small
orbicular and reniform marks and there is a trace of a dotted post-
median line crossing both wings ; the fringes are pale smoky basally,
whitish outwardly and there is a broken dark terminal line to both
wings. The coloration of the upper side of primaries is rather vari-
able, being deep smoky-black more or less shaded and suffused with
white scaling giving a grayish appearance basally and subterminally ;
the maculation is similar to that of anurtalis but the orbicular and
reniform are smaller and generally better defined and the median area
often considerably darker than the rest of the wing. We regard this
form as specifically distinct from anartalis and propose the name
ALBERTALis for the species ; our type $ is without a label but probably
from the same locality as our 9 type which was taken at Gleichen,
Alta. (July) by Mr. Wolley-Dod; we have other specimens from
Beulah and Miniota, Manitoba, and a single Alaskan $ which pre-
sumably belongs here but which has the whole basal half of secondaries
much paler.

In Utah we meet with another form (PI. XXII, Fig. 16) in which
the secondaries are entirely blackish with a trace of a pale s. t. band
confined to the central portion of the wing and quite improminent.
Beneath both wings are much darker than in albcrtalis, being gray
quite heavily sprinkled with smoky, the maculation being otherwise
as in this species. The primaries above are quite similar to those of
albcrtalis but slightly darker in tone. For this form we propose
the name saxicolalis, our type being a $ from Stockton, Utah
(May) ; besides this specimen we have four other worn ones taken at
Eureka, Utah, in April and May.

LoxosTEGE TERPNALis sp. nov. (PI. XXII, Fig. 20).

Palpi, head and thorax clothed with mixed black and white scales ; pri-
maries with a general dark bluish-gray appearance caused by heavy white
scaling over a blackish ground color, shaded with white broadly before t. a.
line and beyond t. p. line as well as along outer margin except at apex ; t. a.
line rather regularly outcurved; t. p. line arising from slight blotch on costa,
squarely exserted around the cell and finely crenulate with a prominent tooth
above vein 1 ; some apical dark shading continued as a fine line across wing

161

and broadening at inner margin ; a faint terminal dark line ; fringes checkered
black ?.nd white at base, paler outwardly with dark central line. Secondaries
light brownish with small dark discal dot, traces of a curved postmedian line
and a rather heavy subtenninal shade line; fringes pale with dark basal and
median lines. Beneath pale brownish, primaries with orbicular and reniform
marked in black and the t. p. line of upper side fairly distinctly outlined;
secondaries paler and less maculate than above. Expanse 22 mm.

Habitat: Olancha, Inyo Co., Calif. (Apr. June) 2 9. Types, Coll.
Barnes.

Allied to allectalis Grt. and lepidalis Hist, but with the bulge of
the t. p. line closer to outer margin than in either of these two species.

Lo.XOSTEGE UNILINEALIS sp. nOV. (PI. XXIV, Fig. I).

Primaries pale creamy white slightly sprinkled with smoky and with a
single dark line starting from costa near apex, gently rounded and then rigidly
oblique to just beyond the middle of inner margin ; a faint dark terminal line ;
fringes pale with faint smoky median line. Secondaries whitish, slightly smoky
outwardly with tenninal line and fringes as on primaries. Beneath primaries
pale smoky with the maculation of upper side partially developed; secondaries
white. Expanse 14 mm.

Habitat: Redington, Ariz. 1 $■ Type, Coll. Barnes.

This small species is placed in the genus Loxostege on account
of the conically protuberant front; if the frontal structure did not
disagree we should be inclined to place it in Edia Dyar (Titanio) along
with the bclialis group although even here it would be aberrant. The
proboscis is reduced and concealed by the palpi which are rather shorter
than usual in the genus.

Loxostege parvipicta sp. nov. (PI. XXIII, Fig. 10).

Palpi and front whitish; thorax pale yellow with a central pinkish-purple
stripe ; primaries pale yellow crossed by two curved parallel bands of pinkish-
purple; costa to first line of a similar color; a large round pinkish-purple
discal dot; secondaries white in 5, in 9 shaded with pinkish terminally.
Beneath primaries largely pinkish with pale yellow terminal area, secondaries
as above. Expanse 13 mm.

Habitat: Olancha, Inyo Co., Calif. 3 3,2 9. Types, Coll. Barnes.

Belongs in the vibicalis group but has a rather more prominent
frontal protuberance than usual.

Titanic subargentalis sp. nov.

Vestiture of palpi and head very shaggy, composed of mixed black and
white hairs. Primaries blackish with indistinct maculation very similar to that

162

of Orenaia trivialis B. & McD. ; some whitish scattered scaling at base and
in cell and a better defined s. t. band of whitish scales becoming obsolete towards
apex of wing. Secondaries deep smoky with darker shade near outer margin
between veins 2 and 3 outlined outwardly partially by a paler shade. Beneath
silvery with a slight smoky tinge, primaries with discal dash and faint s. t.
line; secondaries with discal spot (which appears closer to base of wing than
usual owing to the shortness of the cell) and a curved dark indistinct s. t.
line bent downward at anal angle ; fringes on both wings smoky. Expanse
20 mm.

Habitat: Nebraska Hill near Tolland, Gilpin Co., Colo. (July 5). 1 $.
Type, Coll. Barnes.

The specimen was sent us by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell through
whose kindness we are permitted to retain it. It is in rather poor
condition and we should have hesitated to describe it if it had not
been for the structural characters and the characteristic under side
which should render the species recognizable ; from trivialis it may
be separated by the very hairy palpi which in trivialis are smooth
scaled. It is probably a day flyer, our specimen having been captured
sitting on the flower of Silene acaulis.

Phlyctaenia angu.stalis sp. nov. (PI. XXII, Fig. 19).

Primaries long, narrow, light mouse gray somewhat darker in costal area ;
maculation rather indistinct ; t. a. line black, inwardly oblique with a prom-
inent outward tooth in the cell, preceded on inner margin by a slight white
dash and dark spot ; t. a. line gently rounded and slightly dentate from costa
to vein 4, sharply bent inward to beyond reniform with slight outward tooth
in fold and then parallel to t. a. line to inner margin ; beyond the t. p. line
is a pale shade, narrower in costal portion, broad above inner margin and
defined slightly outwardly by a darker line; a dark subapica! shade; veins
apically partially outlined in black; reniform narrow, indistinct, partially out-
lined in black, pale filled ; terminal dark dots not reaching anal angle ; fringes
dusky, slightly white-spotted. Secondaries hyaline smoky with curved post-
median dark line, prominently dentate below costa; a triangular smok>' shade
on outer margin between veins 2 and 4; terminal dark dots on veins, most
distinct on the dark patch ; fringes smoky, cut by a pale median line. Beneath
smoky with a dark reniform mark on primaries and dentate postmcdian line
crossing both wings ; terminal dark dots, most prominent on secondaries. Ex-
panse 34 mm.

Habitat: La Puerta Valley, S. Calif. (March). 2 $,2 9. Types,
Coll. Barnes.

The large size and long, narrow primaries render the species easily
distinguishable ; it belongs in the itysalis group.

163

Phlyctaenia berberalis sp. nov. (PI. XXIV, Fig. 2).

Primaries pale ochreous sparsely dusted with fuscous, maculation fairly
distinct; t. a. line single, black with prominent tooth in the cell and slight
inward bend in the submedian fold ; orbicular a small round spot filled with
the pale ground color; reniform medium-sized, lunate, pale-centered; four
or five minute dark costal spots between reniform and apex; t. p. line single,
dentate, with large inward loop below the cell to base of vein 2, terminal
dotted line; fringes pale. Secondaries pale smoky with traces of discal dot
and bent postmedian line and distinct terminal dotted line. Beneath primaries
pale smoky with traces of the maculation of upper side visible, secondaries
paler with discal dot and postmedian line better defined than on upper side;
terminal dotted line on both wings. Expanse 18-22 mm.

Habitat: Loma Linda, S. Bernardino Co., Calif. (May, June, Sept.).
3 5,7 9. Types, Coll. Barnes.

Closely allied to ivashingtonalis Grt. but duller in color and with-
out the brown patch above the reniform ; it is paler than indistinctalis
Warr. with better defined maculation. There are apparently two
generations, the September specimens being much smaller than the
spring ones.

Pyrausta ochreicostalis sp. nov. (PI. XXIII, Fig. 8).

Head, thorax and abdomen ochreous ; primaries ochreous along costa and
through the cell, remainder of wing deep blue-gray caused by white scaling
over a blackish ground ; whitish shading through the submedian fold to t. p.
line ; veins lined with white ; t. a. line only marked by a white dash on inner
margin preceded by a slight dark spot ; t. p. line far out, gently rounded from
costa to vein 2 then curved strongly towards base of wing and again straight
to inner margin near t. a. line, shaded outwardly by a white line broadest below
costa; a terminal white line and slight dark dots at ends of veins; fringes
pale ochreous. Secondaries hyaline whitish shaded with smoky outwardly, with
smoky postmedian wavy line angled sharply at vein 2 near outer margin and
not continued to inner margin ; terminal broken dark line ; fringes pale. Be-
neath primaries pale smoky with t. p. line and pale shade at costa more or
less defined ; secondaries whitish with dark costal postmedian mark. Expanse
18 mm.

Habitat: Palm Spgs., Riverside Co., Calif. (Apr.) 2 $. Types, Coll.
Barnes.

The species is closely allied to linealis Fern, differing in the ochre-
ous shades along costa and in the cell ; it is not quite a typical member
of the genus Pyrausta as the front is sloping and slightly raised above
the level of the eyes terminally without forming the distinct conical
protuberance of Loxostegc ; it belongs in a group with linealis Fern.,

164

napaealis Hist., sartoralis B. & McD., pilatcalis B. & McD., and pos-
sibly a few other species which for the present we place in Pyrausta
until a satisfactory revision of this unwieldy genus can be made.

Pyrausta zonalis sp. nov. (PI. XXIV, Fig. 10).

Head, thorax and abdomen brown, palpi beneath, a lateral line above each
eye and the segmental incisions white ; primaries with sharply pointed apex,
deep smoky brown with indistinct maculation, reniform and orbicular marked
by indistinct dark shades ; t. p. line minutely waved, fairly distinct, far out,
evenly rounded from costa to vein 3 where it bends in and then runs straight
again to inner margin ; fringes pale smoky, dotted near base by prominent dark
spots. Secondaries dull smoky with traces of a postmedian line angled at
vein 2 and fringes as on primaries. Beneath light smoky with maculation of
upper side partially visible. Expanse, 15 mm.

Habitat: Palm Springs, Riverside Co., Calif. (March). 1 5, 3 9.
Types, Coll. Barnes.

Closely allied to napaealis Hist, but much smaller, with less dis-
tinct maculation and with no white terminal shade on primaries.

Pyrausta pythialis sp. nov. (PI. XXHI, Fig. 7).

Palpi, head and thorax ochreous-brown with a slight pinkish tinge; base
of palpi and line above each eye white; abdomen ochreous at base, other seg-
ments smoky, ringed with pale ochreous ; primaries deep pink with a bright
yellow patch at base of wing on inner margin extending from base to t. a.
line which line is fragmentary, yellow-bordered and denticulate ; orbicular and
reniform obscure, small, fuscous spots; t. p. line originating in a well defined
triangular costal patch, obscure, yellow, bent well inward below cell and then
perpendicular and somewhat waved to inner margin ; terminal area and fringes
bright yellow. Secondaries smoky with central portion of outer margin nar-
rowly bright yellow, the inner edge of this area distinctly dentate ; a faint,
pale, straight s. t. line from lower edge of this yellow area runs toward costa
but does not reach beyond vein 6; fringes bright yellow. Beneath primaries
smoky with pale yellow costo-apical triangular patch, outer margin and fringes ;
secondaries pale smoky, darker in costal area with dentate curved postmedian
line and pale yellow outer margin and fringes. Expanse 17 mm.

Habitat: Cartwright, Man. (Heath); Aweme, Man. (Criddle) (June).
8 S. Types, Coll. Barnes.

This species is seemingly related to acrionalis Wlk. but has a
slightly more bulging front than this species, somewhat similar to that
found in the Unealis group. We have been unable to find any name
to fit the species and venture to describe it as new ; if we have over-
looked an older name no doubt some kind friend will call our atten-
tion to the matter.

165

Pyrausta inveterascalis sp. nov. (PI. XXIII, Fig. 6).

Very similar to the preceding species but slightly smaller, the ground
color of primaries dull vinous, the basal yellow shade lacking, the terminal
yellow area confined to the fringes and a narrow terminal line on the wing
itself; the yellow triangular costal patch present but duller in color; lines about
the same in their general course. Secondaries smoky, entirely without the yel-
low terminal area and with pale smoky fringes; postmedian line similar to
that of preceding species but rather better defined. Beneath primaries deep
smoky with pale yellow costo-apical patch and similarly colored fringes which
show a distinct broken dark line at base; secondaries pale hyaline, smoky out-
wardly and along costa with traces of a postmedian line. Expanse 15 mm.

Habitat: New Brighton, Pa. (June). 2 $. Types, Coll. Barnes.

Besides the types we have two other worn specimens from the
same locaHty, one labelled " angiistalis" which is a Western species
fully twice the size and without the pale fringes of primaries.

Pyrausta tuolumnalis sp. nov. (PI. XXIII, Fig. 11).

Base of palpi and pectus white; palpi and thorax mixed black and ochre-
ous; abdomen black with white scaling and segmental incisions marked in
white ; primaries dark blue-gray suffused in basal and subterminal areas with
rather ruddy brown, contrasting considerably with the median and terminal
spaces ; t. a. line obscure, dark, incurved at inner margin ; orbicular and reni-
form slight dark blotches; t. p. line single, dark, rather distinct, rounded out-
wardly below costa and bent strongly inward in submedian fold, then per-
pendicular to inner margin; space between reniform and t. p. line filled by a
yellow patch ; a smaller triangular yellow patch beyond t. p. line at costa which
is more or less distinctly continued by a fine yellow line, bordering t. p. line
outwardly to inner margin; fringes dusky tipped with whitish. Secondaries
blackish, crossed by a broad postmedian band of pale creamy color; a dark
tenninal line; fringes with basal half dusky, outer half white. Beneath creamy
with the maculation distinctly defined in black; on primaries reniform, orbicular
and claviform are represented by dark spots, the latter being an elongate dash ;
t. p. line fine black, sinuate ; a dark, subterminal, somewhat broken band, con-
tinued across secondaries which show as well a dark median line and small discal
dot ; fringes as above. Expanse IS mm.

Habitat: Tuolumne Meadows, Calif. 10 5, 5 9. Types, Coll. Barnes.

The species resembles closely ochosalis Dyar in type of maculation,
but should be recognized by the cream-colored band on secondaries.

Pyrausta merrickalis sp. nov. (PI. XXIV, Fig. 9).

Palpi brown laterally, ochreous at base and on upper surface ; head rough
scaled, ochreous ; thorax and primaries deep brown, the lines on latter very
obscure, blackish ; t. a. line outcurved, t. p. line slightly irregular in upper half

166

and subparallel to outer margin, bent in strongly below cell, with slight traces
of ochreous shading outwardly most marked at costa; orbicular and reniform
obscure dark spots, with faint ochreous dash between them ; secondaries and
fringes deep smoky. Beneath primaries much as above with the ochreous
costal spot distinct ; secondaries paler, with traces of a bent postmedial line
tinged outwardly with ochreous and a dark discal spot. Expanse 13 mm.

Habitat: New Brighton, Pa. (July 9-26) (F. Merrick). 5 S- Types,
Coll. Barnes.

The species is very closely related to xanthocrypta Dyar from S.
Calif, and Mexico but is smaller and much deeper in the color of both
wings.

Pyrausta emigralis sp. nov. (PI. XXIV, Fig. 7).

Pectus and base of palpi whitish ochreous; palpi outwardly smoky, upper
surface ochreous; head ochreous; thorax and wings deep black-brown with
very obscure markings, the most prominent features being an ochreous dash
between two dark shades representing the ordinary spots and a curved row
of ochreous dots delineating the t. p. line outwardly and strongly bent inward
in submedian fold ; the t. a. and t, p. lines are scarcely visible as slightly darker
shade-lines. Secondaries deep unicolorous brown. Beneath deep black on
both wings with an ochreous dash on costa near apex. Expanse 19-20 mm.

Habitat: Palmerlee, Ariz. 5 $,2 5. Types, Coll. Barnes.

Also a close ally of xanthocrypta but the dotted nature of the
ochreous t. p. shading and the almost unicolorous dark under side
should separate it easily. These three species, xanthocrypta Dyar,
merrickalis B. & McD. and emigralis B. & McD. form a group that
we place for the present in the genus Pyrausta, following Dyar, but
which seems to have no particular resemblance to any of the other
N. American species included in this genus.

We have a species very similar in general appearance to the
preceding group but differing structurally in having a rudimentary
proboscis which is entirely hidden between the palpi ; for this reason
we incline to place it in Dyar's new Schoenobiid genus Loxotegopsis
(Ins. Ins. Menst. V, 84) with which it agrees well structurally; it
is apparently widely spread throughout the west, but we can find no
name applicable, and describe it as follows :

Loxotegopsis curialis sp. nov. (PI. XXIV, Fig. 8).

Palpi brown laterally, ochreous above ; head ochreous ; thorax and pri-
maries deep brown with obscure maculation; t. a. and t. p. lines darker, obscure,
the former bent outwards, the latter irregular and parallel to outer margin

167

in upper half, strongly bent inward in submedian fold and then perpendicular
to inner margin ; outwardly this line is bordered with ochreous, forming a more
or less obvious blotch on costa; orbicular and renifomi obscure, blackish with
an ochreous streak between them; fringes dusky. Secondaries pale smoky
basally, darker terminally with indistinct curved dark postmedian line and
large discal spot. Beneath pale smoky, darker in the 9 's, with the maculation
of upper side faintly repeated and the discal spots forming more or less obvious
ringlets. Expanse 20-25 mm.

Habitat: Eureka, Utah (July) (Spalding), type; Redington, Ariz., Pal-
merlee, Ariz.; Camp Baldy, S. Bern. Mts., Calif. 7 5, 2 9. Types, Coll.
Barnes.

The species is almost an exact counterpart of xantliocrypta in
maculation but the palpi are somewhat longer and the proboscis obso-
lete; we cannot but feel, however, that there is probably a close rela-
tionship between the two species and that the present arrangement
which would place them in different subfamilies is quite artificial ;
it is very probable that the conception of the Schoenobiinae must be
somewhat revised and that it will be impossible to place all genera
under this group simply because they show a reduced proboscis.

NOCTUELIA RUFOFASCIALIS Stcph.

This name which was proposed for fascialis Haw. (ncc Hiibner )
(1834, 111. Brit. Ent. Haust., IV, 33) must supercede thalialis Wlk. ;
the species is figured by Wood (Ind. Ent. PI. 27, Fig. 790) and is
credited correctly to N. America by Stephens in his List Lep. Brit.
Mus., 1850, p. 309; Sir Geo. Hampson tells us that Haworth's speci-
men exists in the British museum labelled "fascialis n. sp. I bought
this from Mr. Knight as British" and that it is undoubtedly the same
species as thalialis.

NocTUELiA MINIMA Dyar.

This species, described in Ins. Insc. Menst., V, 132, is, to judge
by the description, the same as Pyrausta conimortalis Grt. (C. Ent.,
XIII, 232) ; the reference to Noctuclia rather than to Pyrausta seems
preferable.

NOCTUELIA PALMALIS Sp. nOV. (PI. XXIII, Fig. 5).

Palpi white at base, gray laterally; head and thorax dark gray mixed
with white and ruddy scaling; primaries ruddy brown scaled with white at base
and broadly on outer side of t. a. line and inner side of t. p. line; t. a. line
upright, t. p. line slightly irregular, nearly perpendicular from costa to vein 5,

168

bent back at right angles as far as the cell and then slightly outwardly oblique
to inner margin just before anal angle ; fringes smoky. Secondaries pale ruddy,
deeper in 9 than $, shaded with smoky outwardly with traces of a dotted
s. t. line. Beneath pale ruddy with dusky fringes. Expanse 15-16 mm.

Habitat: Palm Springs, Riverside Co., Calif. (March). 1 5, 2 2.
Types, Coll. Barnes.

Allied to puertalis B. & McD. but ruddier in color with a differ-
ently formed t. p. line.

NOCTUELIA VIRULA sp. HOV. (PI. XXIII, Fig. 9).

Palpi white below, brownish above ; head and thorax red-brown with
white lines above eyes and along margin of patagia ; primaries olivaceous brown
with a slight ruddy tinge; a white shade at base above inner margin; t. a. line
far out, rigidly inwardly oblique, blackish, bordered broadly outwardly with
white; t. p. line black, starting from costa near apex, perpendicular to vein
4, bent backward sharply to near t. a. line and then outwardly oblique to anal
angle, the portions of the line above and below the prominent bend shaded in-
wardly with white; a fine white terminal line; fringes light brown in basal
half, white outwardly. Secondaries in 3 pure white with faint terminal
brown dots, in $ with a continuous brown terminal line and dusky fringes
on both wings. Beneath primaries smoky, secondaries white. Expanse 12 mm.

Habitat: Palm Springs, Riverside Co., CaUf. (March). 3 S, 3 9.
Types, Coll. Barnes.

Closely allied to bnbubattalis Hist, but smaller and easily dis-
tinguished by the white secondaries.

CoRNiFRONS ACTUALis sp. nov. (PI. XXII, Fig. 18).

Head white; thorax white peppered with black, patagia black-bordered;
primaries white suffused with dark gray in lower half of wing and subtermin-
ally; t. a. line very oblique, arising from middle of costa, with prominent tooth
in the cell and a distinct tooth at inner margin; reniform a small obscure dark
shade; t. p. line arising nearer apex than usual, angled outwardly on vein 7,
then crenulate and curving gently backward to vein 3 where it again juts
sharply outward, forms two teeth, and curves back to inner margin; in the
upper half of the wing it is preceded by a broad white area, and beyond it
except at apex (which is white) the subterminal area is largely gray; terminal
area narrowly white; dark terminal line; fringes pale, smoky at tips. Sec-
ondaries whitish, shaded with smoky outwardly with traces in central area
of a dark curved s. t. line opposite which is a very distinct dark terminal line
which fades considerably toward apex and inner margin; fringes white, tipped
with smoky opposite dark portion of terminal line. Beneath primaries pale
smoky, secondaries white. Expanse 28 mm.

Habitat: S, Loma Linda, S. Bernardino Co., Calif. (Mch.) ; 9, Palm
Springs, Riverside Co., Calif. (Mch.) 1 S, I 9. Types, Coll. Barnes.

169

The species belongs in the same section with phasma Dyar, the
frontal prominence being distinctly blade-shaped and the corneous
plate with small lateral projections. The very oblique nature of the
t. a. line and the point of origin of the t. p. line near apex are char-
acteristic features.

NYMPHULINAE
Cataclysta (Elophila) fulicalis Clem.

In reading over Dr. Dyar's recent Notes on N. Am. Nymphulidae
(1917, Ins. Ins. Menstr. V, 75) we noted that Dyar's conceptions of
fulicalis Clem, and conftisalis Wlk. seemed to be just the reverse of our
own and a recent visit to Washington confirmed this opinion ; the
series in the museum under fulicalis is what we have called confusalis
Wlk. based on a specimen which we had compared with the type {vide
Contr. II, (5) p. 215) ; the type of fulicalis is not labelled as such at
Philadelphia but the series under this name, which very possibly
includes the type specimen, is certainly not fulicalis of Dr. Dyar ;
Clemens' description is fortunately very clear; he distinctly mentions
the narrow dark line on the secondaries which Dr. Dyar claims is
absent, and in his description of the primaries states that the oblique
ochreous band is margined along the discal nervure on both sides with
fuscous, no mention being made of a discal spot ; there seems therefore
little doubt that fulicalis Dyar is confusalis Wlk. and confusalis Dyar
equals fulicalis Clem. Regarding Lederer's species cited by Dr. Dyar
in the synonymy, we prefer to say nothing as without a definite knowl-
edge of the type specimens neither his descriptions nor his figures
can be of much use; we might note, however, that Lederer himself
was inclined to associate his opulentalis with fulicalis Clem, and not his
angulatalis; if Dr. Dyar's references are correct angulatalis will have
priority over confusalis Wlk.; the type of angulatalis is a single S
from the Kaden Coll. but we have no record as to where this collection
now is; the Felder Coll. which should contain the types of opulentalis
is at Tring Museum but we do not know whether these particular
types still exist in it.

HyDROPIONEA FENESTRALIS B. & McD.

Dr. Dyar has referred this species to Clupeosoma but Sir Geo.
Hampson informs us that the correct genus is Hydropionea Hamp.
(1917, Am. Mag. N. Hist. (80) XX, p. 275) ; a comparison of the

170

types has proved to both Dr. Dyar and ourselves that the species is
not synonymous with lavinia Schaus as claimed by Dr. Dyar (Ins. Ins.
Menst. V, 79).

Hydropionea eumoros Dyar.

This species is the same as oblcclalis Hist, at present listed under
Loxostege but properly referable to the same genus as fenestralis B. &
McD. Dyar's name becomes a synonym.

CRAMBINAE

Crambus oslarellus Haim.

It was an error on our part to cite this species (Contr. Ill, (3)
191) as a synonym of carpenterellus Pack. It is a good species and
may be distinguished from carpenterellus by the less angled nature of
the subterminal white line which is gently rounded opposite the cell
and not sharply angled as in carpenterellus ; the white costal spot pre-
ceding this line is larger in carpenterellus and the tooth on inner side
of the white basal streak is more prolonged along the vein ; the outer
margin is also slightly more bulging; our figure (1. c. PI. XIV, Fig. 18)
represents oslarellus.

Crambus bartellus sp. nov. (PI. XXIV, Fig. 3).

Palpi and head white, the former brown laterally; primaries white,
shaded with brown; the basal half of wing entirely white with some slight
pale brown shading in the cell at base and along vein 1 ; a broad dentate
brown median band with prominent outward angles in the cell and below
median vein shaded with blackish; outer half of s. t. area brown-shaded; s. t.
line fine, brown, prominently bent outward opposite cell and with slight inward
angle above inner margin, partially separated from subterminal brown shading
by a white line, especially distinct at costa ; terminal area white, with outward
brown shading cut by the pale veins; fringes brown, slightly cut by white and
with distinct white basal line; secondaries pale smoky with indistinct dark s. t.
line. Beneath pale smoky, veins of primaries marked with white terminally,
secondaries as above. Expanse 22 mm.

Habitat: Tuolumne Meadows, Calif. (Aug.). 3 $. Tv-pes, Coll.
Barnes.

Closely related to oregonicus Grt. of which it may be merely a
race with the white areas greatly extended; its white color with con-
trasting brown bands should make it easily recognizable.

171

Crambus ericellus sp. nov. (PI. XXIV, Fig. 4).

$. Palpi smoky, tinged with white; thorax and primaries brown, the
latter faintly black-sprinkled and shaded with gray broadly along inner margin
and beyond cell (this shade being at times very noticeable, at others more
or less obsolescent) ; median and subterminal dark cross-lines are more or less
present (at times very distinctly), subparallel, rounded strongly outwardly below
costa, then inwardly oblique and forming an angle above submedian fold ; above
inner angle three or four terminal dark dots; fringes gray with a shiny basal
line; secondaries even smoky with paler fringes cut near the base by a darker
line. Beneath unicolorous smoky. Expanse 26 mm.

Habitat: Tuolumne Meadows, Calif. (July, Aug.) 15 S. Types, Coll.
Barnes.

The species is allied to undatus Grt. in type of maculation but
lacks the white streak through the cell and the prominently metallic
fringes; we have a 9 from the same locality which we are inclined
to refer here which is much smaller, grayer, with more pointed apex
of primaries and without the cross-lines.

Crambus modestellus sp. nov. (PI. XXIV, Fig. 5).

Thorax and primaries light gray, under the lens with a peculiar rough
scaly appearance; traces of a white streak through the cell most prominent
beyond the cell in subterminal area; two yellowish brown cross lines medianly
and subterminally, subparallel, the inner bent sharply out below costa then
angled and inwardly oblique with a distinct sharp tooth below cell ; the outer
gently bulging below costa and slightly crenulate, bulging again above inner
margin, bordered outwardly narrowly with white; a very fine dark terminal
line; fringes gray slightly white-shaded at base. Secondaries smoky with paler
fringes. Beneath smoky, fringes of secondaries white. Expanse 25 mm.

Habitat: Kerrville, Tex. 2$. Types, Coll. Barnes.

Allied to ccelliis but larger, more even gray and with the apex
of primaries less falcate.

Crambus angulatus sp. nov. (PI. XXIV, Fig. 15).

Primaries whitish, sprinkled with light brown, at times very heavily ; a fine
dark brown line, starting just beyond middle of costa, projects very sharply
outward, forming an acute angle in the subterminal area and then runs obliquely
to middle of inner margin with a slight tooth at lower angle of cell above which
it is rather heavier than elsewhere ; a brown s. t. line forming a prominent bulge
in upper half of wing which nearly attains outer margin, an inward angle on
vein 2 and a less prominent bulge above inner margin ; this line is bordered
outwardly by a fine white line following which is brown shading, most prom-
inent along costa and in lower portion of wing ; a slight white triangular patch
on costa beyond s. t. line; outer margin slightly bulging below vein 3 with two

172

or three black dots on this section ; fringes pale basally with the portion opposite
the black dots shiny; a dark median line and the extreme tips brownish. Sec-
ondaries whitish (at times pale smoky) with a brownish marginal line, diffuse
at apex. Beneath primaries pale brownish, secondaries whitish. Expanse 14-15
mm.

Habitat: San Diego, Calif. (July-Aug.) 7 $. Types, Coll. Barnes.

We employ one of W. D. Kearfott's Mss. names as specimens
have possibly been distributed under this name.

Thaumatopsis actuellus sp. nov. (PI. XXIV, Fig. 6).

3 antennae unipectinate. Primaries light brown with a broad white
streak from base of wing through the cell to the outer margin above which
the costal area is deep brown ; veins as well as a streak through the submedian
fold outlined in dark brown partially covered with white scaling. Secondaries
deep black-brown with paler fringes. Beneath smoky. Expanse 20-25 mm.

Habitat: Lakeland, Fla. (May); St. Petersburg, Fla. (Nov.); Stemper,
Fla. (July) ; Southern Pines, N. C. (Aug.). 1 $,3 9. Types, Coll. Barnes.

Very similar to pectinifcr Zell. from Texas but in this species
the white streak does not extend beyond the cell.

Platytes puritellus Kft. (syn. dinephei.alis Dyar).

This species, of which the two 9 types are before us (not $
and 9 as erroneously listed in the original description, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus. 35, p. 393) has been redescribed recently by Dr. Dyar
(1917, Ins. Insc. Menst. V, 85) under the name dinephelalis; we
possess a $ specimen which we have compared with the type in the
National Museum.

Platytes damon sp. nov. (PI. XXIV, Figs. 13, 14).

$ . Antennae lamellate, rather thick and strongly compressed laterally,
palpi long, porrect, covered with mixed brown and white hairs ; thorax and
primaries rather a bright brown, the latter with the main veins marked in
white and those beyond the cell blackish with narrow white edging on both
sides ; two white streaks through the cell as well as one in the submedian
fold all partially black sprinkled ; a more or less complete submarginal white
line sprinkled with black scales and a prominent white line at base of fringes
bordered outwardly by a narrow brown line beyond which the fringes are dusky.
Secondaries deep smoky with somewhat paler fringes which show an ochreous
basal line. Beneath light smoky with a prominent white line at base of fringes.
Expanse 15-17 mm.

173

9 . Much paler than the $ , almost yellowish with the white markings
on the veins more extended ; the secondaries are whitish with a faint brownish
border; fringes whitish. Expanse 18-20 mm.

Habitat: San Diego, Calif. 13 i, 6 2. Types, Coll. Barnes.

The practical absence of the proboscis would place the species
in the Australian genus Ubida Wlk. according to Hampson's key but
we prefer for the present to place it in Playtcs with which it agrees
in all other respects. We employ an Mss. name given by W. D. Kear-
fott and found on specimens in his Pyralid collection recently acquired
by us ; the name has never been published but specimens may have
been distributed and our use of the same name will obviate any change
in nomenclature.

MACROTHECINAE

Alpheias transferens Dyar.

This recently described species (Ins. Ins. Menstr. V, 82) is the
one figured by us in Contr. I (5) PI. Ill, Figs. 10, 13, under the
erroneous name of ponda Dyar; it is not vicarilis Dyar as Dr. Dyar
suggested (Ins. Ins. Menstr. I, 22) which species is probably a syn-
onym of baccalis Rag. according to our notes on the type in Paris.

The following two species appear to be new.

Macrotheca bilinealis sp. nov. (PI. XXIV, Fig. 11).

Thorax and primaries even gray, the latter crossed by two black distinct
lines, the inner about the middle of wing, almost rigidly perpendicular to inner
margin with ver>' slight angle below the cell, the outer near margin of wing,
oblique, subparallel to outer margin ; faint dark fringe dots and a minute obsolete
discal dot. Secondaries pale smoky. Expanse 18 mm.

Habitat: Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz. (June) 2 $. Types, Coll.
Barnes.

Macrotheca angulalis sp. nov. (PI. XXIV, Fig. 12).

Primaries gray, heavily suffused with black, especially in median area and
shaded broadly but faintly with ochreous along inner margin ; two heavy black
cross-lines, the inner forming a very prominent outward angle in the cell and
bordered inwardly with a fine white line; the outer slightly irregular, sub-
parallel to outer margin ; a dark discal streak and a black, somewhat inter-
rupted terminal line; secondaries pale smoky. The 5 is more obscured with
smoky with less distinct maculation. Expanse 19 mm.

Habitat: $ Tehachapi. Kern Co., Calif ; 9 Camp Baldy, S. Bern. Mts.,
Calif. 1 S, I 9 . Types, Coll. Barties.

174
PHYCITINAE

MiNEOLA CALIGINELLA Hlst.

The so-called type in Rutgers College Coll. is labelled "California"
and is probably spurious ; there is however a 9 from Arizona in the
series with Hulst's label caliginella and this is so close to a San Diego
specimen of caliginoidella Dyar that we should hesitate to separate
the two; both Ragonot and Hulst in their revisions list comptella
Rag. from Calif, as a synonym, the former mentioning the fact that
the $ (presumably of comptella) shows a strong tooth at the base
of the antenna ; this of course separates the species structurally from
caliginoidella Dyar which is without a tooth ; if we regard this Arizona
V as the true type it remains to be seen whether comptella is really
a synonym of caliginella or whether we have two species represented,
with the possibility of caliginoidella being a synonym of Hulst's species.
Until Ragonot's type has been carefully examined and a series of both
sexes of caliginella from Arizona has been obtained we must leave
the matter in abeyance.

PiNIPESTIS ALBOVITELLA Hlst.

The type locality given in the original description is Hot Springs,
N. Mex. (Aug.), but the type in the Hulst Coll. bears the label "Colo.
(Bruce)"; it agrees well with Hampson's figure in Ragonot's Mono-
graph (PI. 50, Fig. 3) and also with the description, so we suppose it
is another case of careless labelling and that the specimen may be
accepted as the original type.

Tacoma texanella Hlst.

We have already noted (Contr. HI, (3) 193) that the type of
this species and that of dulciella Hlst. showed great similarity ; a fur-
ther examination leads us to the belief that the two names refer to but
one species, texanella having priority.

HOMOEOSOMA impressale Hlst.

Attention has already been called (Contr. HI (3) 200) to the
mix-up in the types of this species ; the true type from Nevada is
probably a specimen in the Hulst collection labelled uncanalis; it
agrees in markings and locality label with the original description
and is the species figured by Ragonot as uncanale on PI. XXXHI,
Fig. 18, of his Monograph ; of course it cannot possibly be imcanale,

175

which is a dull gray species allied to clongelluin Dyar; the type of
uncanah- is presumably a 2 in the Hulst Coll. from Custer Co., Colo.

Tlascala oregonella sp. nov. (PI. XXIV, Fig. 16).

Very similar to umhripcnnis Hist, from Colorado but duller in color with-
out the shiny appearance and with the secondaries of a paler smokier shade
without the brown tints of Hulst's species; primaries with the basal area con-
siderably gray-sprinkled ; t. p. line distinct, gray, bent abruptly outward at vein
5 ; terminal space gray shaded. Beneath primaries dull smoky with traces
of a pale costo-apical spot bordered by black; secondaries pale smoky with
darker costa ; distinct pale basal fringe line. Expanse 27 mm.

Habitat: Crater Lake, Oregon (July 16-23) (McDunnough). 2 ,J , 2 9 .
Types, Coll. Barnes.

This may simply be a race of timbripcnnis but the above mentioned
points of distinction seem constant enough to warrant a name; the
species was taken among some low scrub pines at an altitude of over
8000 ft. and probably is a pine feeder.

Melitara parabates Dyar. (PI. XXII, Fig. 21).

This species (Proc. U. S. N. M. XLIV, 322) must be added to
our lists; we have a long series from various Arizona localities; it is
allied to dentata Grt. but is narrower winged, grayer and has a shorter
tooth in the t. p. line opposite cell.

Olyca ponderosella sp. nov. (PI. XXII, Fig. 22).

$ antennae ciliate ; palpi largely blackish, sprinkled with white especially
at base; basal tuft black with white sprinkles; front largely whitish; thorax
deep gray sprinkled with whitish ; primaries deep gray with heavy white
sprinkling ; the cross lines obscure in S , better defined in 9 ; t. a. line up-
right, dentate, with prominent tooth below cell, t. p. line obsolete at costa, very
oblique inwardly in lower portion, approximate to t. a. line on inner margin
where the two lines are obscured by a diffuse dark shade ; a black basal streak
extending along the fold to margin, usually broken in median area, a heavy
black streak in outer half of cell and all veins beyond cell distinctly lined
with black, the heavy streak of cell being continued more faintly above vein
S by a streak similar to those on the veins. Secondaries hyaline white, slightly
smoky outwardly in 2 . Expanse 37-42 ram.

Habitat: Palm Spgs., Riverside Co., Calif. (Apr.). 5 $, 3 9. Types,
Coll. Barnes.

The species is superficially similar to Cactobrosis strigalis B. &
McD. but is heavier and less smooth in maculation ; the distinct tufting
at base of palpi and on 3rd joint separate it generically from this
species.

176

ANERASTIINAE

Altoona ardiferella Hist.

There appears to be an unfortunate niix-up in the types of the
species; the species was described as Altoona ardiferella (Ent. Am.
IV, 118) from material from Texas (no further data given) ; Ragonot
in his List of N. Am. Phycids (Ent. Am. V, 116) transfers it to
Zophodia; Hulst in his revision (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. XVII, 208) again
places it in Altoona, listing it from Texas and N. Mex. and disagreeing
with Ragonot on the ground that the species shows an "entire absence
of tongue"; Ragonot in his Monograph figures the species (PI. XXIV,
Fig. 14) placing it in Tolima in an addenda to Vol. II. In Dyar's
Catalogue Hulst places the species in Saluria giving its distribution
as Texas, Colo., N. Mex., Cal.; Dyar (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. VI, 159)
makes nigromaculcUa Hist, a synonym and places it in the genus
Pectinigeria Rag.

In the Hulst collection the so-called type of ardiferella is labelled
Colo. (July) and is probably spurious as it does not agree well with
the description ; the only Texas specimen is in a small series imder
the label nigroniaculella and is a specimen of Zophodia dilatifasciella
Rag. ; the description fits this specimen rather better than it does the
Colorado "type", especially the statement regarding the presence of a
basal dash, but in view of Hulst's definite remark that the tongue is
entirely lacking we hardly thing it wise to accept this as type. Rag-
onot's figure seems quite accurate but we doubt if this equals nigro-
maculcUa Hulst ; it is possible that the true type was lent Ragonot
to figure and never returned, but until the Ragonot collection can be
carefully examined we imagine the identity of ardiferella will remain
doubtful; in any case it seems hardly wise to accept any specimen in
the Hulst Coll. as type ; for the present we believe that Ragonot's
figure must be considered as typical. On the strength of a very similar
species of which both sexes are before us and which Dr. Dyar has
been calling ardiferella Hist, we believe that this group will fall into
the genus Parramatta Hamp. (1901, Rag. Mon. Phyc, II, 366). The
S 's are without any antennal tuft and vein 10 of primaries is widely
separated from 8 and 9. Our new species we describe as follows :

177

Parramatta placidella sp. nov. (PI. XXIV, Fig. 17).

$ antennae untufted, ciliate; palpi long, porrect, blackish laterally, mixed
dorsally with white scales; thorax largely whitish with faint ochreous tint;
primaries whitish, lightly sprinkled with black atoms ; a faint black dash at
base below which is an orange ochreous patch on inner margin extending
nearly to t. a. line and continued beyond the t. a. line as a broad band which
at times extends across the entire median space but is generally confined to
the immediate vicinity of the t. a. line; this line white, rounded outwardly,
not distinct at costa where it merges into the ground color, followed by a
distinct triangular black spot in the cell which does not touch costa but is at
times connected with it by a fine black line bordering the t. a. line; this cellular
black patch rests on the ochreous shade already mentioned ; preceding the t. a.
line on inner margin is a slight intensification of the black sprinkling forming
a darker shade but no distinct spot ; discal spots black, superimposed but the
upper one generally obsolete ; t. p. line white, bordered inwardly with black
and followed outwardly by slight black shading, arising from center of an
oblique black patch on costa, bulged outwardly opposite the discal spot and
with small inward angle in the fold ; an incomplete terminal dotted line ; fringes
pale inwardly, smoky outwardly. Secondaries whitish, in 2 tinged with
smoky. Beneath primaries smoky with whitish apical patch preceded by a
dark streak; secondaries as above. Expanse 19 mm.

H.\BITAT: Olancha, Inyo Co., Calif. (June). 1 5,4 9. Types, Coll.
Barnes.

The species is much paler than ardifcrella, especially in the median
area; we have several specimens from Stockton, Utah, one of which
has been labelled "ardifcrella" by Dr. Dyar.

178

AEGERIIDAE

Gaea palmi Beut. (PL XX, Figs. 13, 15).

This species was described in the genus Scsia (Synanthedon)
ostensibly from two $ 's (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, I, 126) ; the receipt
recently of a series of both sexes from Kingman, Arizona, some of
which were taken in copula, shows that Beutenmuller had mistaken the
sex and that the types were two 9 's. The color of fresh S 's is
glossy blue-black, the brown color mentioned in the description being
due to the f)oor condition of the types, one of which is before us.
The S is totally different, displaying a remarkable sex dimorphism,
in view of which fact we believe that the following description of
this sex may be of value :

i . Antennae strongly serrate and fasciculate ; palpi rather long, slightly
upturned, 3rd joint porrect, long, pointed; pectus and under side of palpi white,
3rd joint fuscous; head mixed black and ochreous; thorax black with a cen-
tral and two lateral pale ochreous stripes; abdomen grayish-ochreous, anal tuft
blackish edged laterally with ochreous; legs pale smoky ochreous, coxae black-
ish ; wings opaque, primaries smoky with an orange tinge, a heavy black discal
dot followed by a small orange spot and sometimes preceded by a dash of the
same color; fringes dusky; secondaries bright orange at the base, shaded broadly
with smoky outwardly ; a small discal dot ; fringes dusky with a faint pale basal
line. Beneath much as above but primaries showing rather more orange shading.

As veins 3 and 4 of the secondaries are connate we believe the
species should be removed from Synanthedon and placed in the genus
Gaea; a proboscis is present but apparently rather reduced and gen-
erally hidden by the palpi ; the species was collected during the early
part of October.

179

COSSIDAE

Genus Heterocoma gen. nov. (type H. albistriga sp. nov.).

Palpi minute, upturned, hairy; $ antennae bipectinate, 9 serrate; thorax
and abdomen clothed with long hair; proboscis absent; hind-tibiae with two
pairs of well-developed spurs ; venation much as in Comadia but without the
cellula inirusa on both wings; veins 6 and 7 of secondaries well stalked.

H. ALBISTRIGA sp. nov. (PI. XX, Figs. 16, 17).

Thorax light silvery gray, mesothorax crossed by a curved black line and
tipped posteriorly with black; abdomen smoky, paler laterally and on anal seg-
ment; primaries light gray, non-striate, costa white with numerous small dark
strigae; vein 1 streaked with white to subterminal area; an outwardly oblique
white streak at end of cell extending a short distance along vein 3 ; a faint white
incomplete s. t. line parallel to outer margin ; near base of wing between cubital
vein and vein 1 two short ochreous upright dashes; an incomplete and indis-
tinct ochreous band at end of cell crossing the white streak and ending at
vein 1 ; fringes concolorous, paler outwardly. Secondaries deep smoky. Be-
neath smoky, costa paler with dark dashes; fringes whitish outwardly.

5 . Generally whitish with obsolescent maculation. Expanse 30 mm.
Habitat : Paradise, Cochise Co., Arizona. 2 $ 1 $ . Types, Coll.
Barnes.

180

PLATE XI

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fig..

10.

Fig.

11.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13.

Fig.

14.

Fig.

15.

Fig.

16.

Fig.

17.

Fig.

18.

Eiiphydryas magdalena B. & McD.
Euphydryas magdalena B. & McD.
Euphydryas magdalena B. & McD.
Euphydryas magdalena B. & McD.
Brenthis helena ingens B. & McD.

Brenthis helena ingens B. & McD.

T>'pe, S White Mts., Ariz.
$ White Mts., Ariz.
S White Mts., Ariz.
Paratype, 9 White Mts., Ariz.
Type, $ Yellowstone Pk.,
Wyo.
Paratype, $ Yellowstone Pk.,
Wyo.
Brenthis helena Edw. $ Silverton, Colo.
Melitaea hoffmani segregata B. & McD. Paratype, $ Crater Lake,

Ore.
Melitaea hoffmani segregata B. & McD. Type, 9 Crater Lake,

Ore.
Melitaea hoffmani segregata B. & McD. $ Crater Lake, Ore.
Melitaea hoffmani Behr $ Nevada Co., CaHf.
Nevada Co., Calif.
Glenwood Spgs., Colo.
Paratype, $ Colo. (Bruce).
Paratype, $ Colorado.
Type. $ Hall Valley, Colo.
Paratype, S Hall Valley, Colo.

Melitaea hoffmani Behr 9

Melitaea acastus Edw. S

Melitaea flavula B. & McD.

Melitaea flavula B. & McD.

Oeneis lucilla B. & McD

Oeneis lucilla B. & McD

Oeneis lucilla B. & McD. Paratype, 9 Hall Valley, Colo.

Pr.ATK XI

f^*

'1

182

PLATE XII

Fig. 1. Apodcmia monno dcserti B. & McD. Type, S
2. Apodemia mormo deserii B. & McD. Type, 9

Fig,

Fig,
Fig
Fig
Fig.
Fig.
Fig
Fig.
Fig,
Fig,
Fig,
Fig
Fig,

La Puerta Valley,
Calif.

La Puerta, Valley,
Calif.

Apodcmia
Apodcmia
Calcphclis
Calcphelis
Calephelis
Calcphelis
Calephelis
Calcphelis
Calephelis
Calcphelis
Calephelis
Apodemia

mormo Feld. $ Eureka, Utah.
mormo Feld. 5 Eureka, Utah.
pcrdilalis B. & McD. Type, S San Benito, Texas.

Paratype, $ San Benito, Texas.
Type, 9 San Benito, Texas.
San Benito, Texas.
Brownsville, Texas,
San Benito, Texas.
$ Fort Myers, Fla.
9 Vicksburg, Miss.
9 Fort Myers, Fla.
9 San Benito, Texas.

pcrditalis B. & McD,
perditalis B. & McD,
nemesis Edw. $
nemesis Edw. 9
nemesis Edw. 9
virginiensis Gray
virginicHsis Gray
virginiensis Gray
multiplaga Schaus

Plate XII

184

PLATE XIII

Fig. 1. Hemileuca elect ra clio B. & McD. Type, S Kingman, Ariz.
Fig. 2. Hemileuca electro clio B. & McD. Type, ? Kingman, Ariz.
Fig. 3. Aparxtesis ornata hczvletti B. & McD. Type, 9 Nellie, S. Diego,

Co., Calif.
Fig. 4. Apaniesis ornata hewletti B. & McD. Type, 9 Nellie, S. Diego

Co., Calif.
Fig. 5. Arachnis picta verna B. & McD. Type, $ Tulare Co., Calif.
Fig. 6. Arachnis picta verna B. & McD. Type, 9 Tulare Co., Calif.
Fig. 7. Arachnis picta maia Ottol. $ Colo. (Bruce).
Fig. 8. Arachnis picta tnaia Ottol. 9 Salida, Colo.

Plate XIII

■> 5"

^^

0^ ''^^I^

^^^

186

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fig.

10.

Fig.

11.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13.

Fig.

14.

Fig.

15.

Fig.

16.

Fig.

17.

PLATE XIV

Diacrisia vagans Bdv. 3 Stanilaus Co., Calif.

Diacrisia vagans proha Hy. Edw. $ Truckee, Calif.

Diacrisia vagans Bdv. 9 California.

mice unifascia G. & R. V Kerrville, Texas.

mice unifascia ruptifascia B. & McD. Paratype, $ Brownsville,

Texas.
mice libcromactila Dyar S San Diego, Calif.
mice pcrrosca Dyar S San Diego, Calif.
mice angelus Dyar S Babaquivera Mts., Ariz.
mice libcrumactila i. basijuncta B. & McD. Paratype, $ San

Diego, Calif.
mice barnesi Dyar S Gltnwood Spgs., Colo.
mice picta B. & McD. Type, 5 Texas.
mice dorsiinacula Dyar <5 San Diego, Calif.
Eubaphe fragiUs Stkr. $ So. Utah.

Eubaphe costata pallipennis B. & McD. $ Glenwood Spgs., Colo.
Diacrisia ptcridis Hy. Edw. S Wellington, B. C.
Diacrisia ptcridis Hy. Edw. S Duncans, Vane. Is., B. C.
Diacrisia vagans proba Hy. Edw. 9 Plumas Co., Calif.

Tr.ATE XI\'

188

PLATE XV

Fig. 1. Euxoa cinnabarina B. & McD. Paratype, S Monachee Mdws.,

Calif.
Protagrotis extcnsa Sm. $ Colo. (Bruce).

Nephelodes deniaculata B. & McD. Paratype, $ Plumas Co., Calif.
Agrolis fortiter B. & McD. Type, 9 Stockton, Utah.
Polia hanhami scmicarnea B & McD. Type, $ Camp Baldy, S.

Bern. Mts., Calif.
Polia hanhami B. & McD. $ Duncans, Vane. Is., B. C.
Homoglaea variegata B. & McD. Type, $ Palmerlee, Ariz.
Trachea susqucsa Sm. $ San Diego, Calif.
Trachea monica B. & McD. Type, 3 Redington, Ariz.
Rcnia nemoralis B. & McD. Type, S Long Is., N. Y.
Renia nemoralis B. & McD. Paratype, 9 No locality.
Namangana viridesccns B. & McD. Type, S Chiricahua Mts., Ariz.
Caenurgia triangula B. & McD. Paratype, $ Redington, Ariz.
Cacnurgia intercalaris Grt. $ Paradise, Ariz.
Caenurgia diagonalis Dyar 9 Redington, Ariz.
Conistra graefiana Grt. 9 Concord, Mass.
Conistra indirecta Wlk. 9 Canada.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7

Fig.

8

Fig.

9

Fig.

10

Fig.

11

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13.

Fig.

14

Fig.

15

Fig.

16

Fig.

17.

Plate X\'

190

PLATE XVI

Fig. 1. Polia subjuncta elcanora B. & McD. Paratype, 9 Nellie, S. Diego

Co., Calif.
Polia pulverulenta Sm. 5 Ketchikan, Alaska.
Polia pulverulenta Sm. $ Ketchikan, Alaska.
Epia ainabitis B. & McD. Type, 2 Loma Linda, Calif.
Copicucultia basipuncta B. & McD. Type, $ Palm Spgs., Calif.
Merolonchc dolli B. & McD. Type, S Central Park, L. I.
Trachea scrnila B. & McD. Paratype, S Palm Spgs., Calif.
Stilbia apposita B. & McD. Type, 2 Prescott, Ariz.
Scotogramma fulgora B. & McD. Type, $ Olancha, Inyo Co., Calif.
Xylomyges cognata Sm. $ Victoria, B. C.

Xylomyges cognata minorata B. & McD. Type, S Eldridge, Son-
oma Co., Calif.
Xylomyges fcbrualis B. & McD. T)!)^ $ Sonoma Co., Calif.
Pseudacontia modestella B. & McD. Paratype, 9 Camp Baldy, Calif.
Pseudacontia groteana Dyar 9 Paradise, Ariz.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fig.

10.

Fig.

11.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13.

Fig.

14.

'latic X\'I

192

PLATE XVII

Doryodcs histrialis grandipennis B. & McD. Paratype, S

Doryodcs histrialis grandipennis B. & McD. Ty-pe, 5 Anglesea,

N. J.
Oncocncmis primula B. & McD. Type, 5 Palm Spgs., Calif.
Doryodcs histrialis Geyer $ Dade City, Fla.
Doryodcs histrialis Geyer 9 Ft. Myers, Fla.
Cirphis incognita B. & McD. Paratype, $ Brownsville, Tex.
Doryodcs spadaria Gn. S Everglade, Fla.
Doryodcs spadaria Gn. 9 Everglade, Fla.
Cirphis incognita B. & McD. Paratype. 5 Brownsville, Tex.
Doryodcs tcnuistriga B. & McD. Type, 3 San Benito, Tex.
Doryodcs tcnuistriga B. & McD. Type, 9 Brownsville, Tex.
Hoplotarache albiocula B. & McD. Type, 9 Olancha, Inyo Co.,

Calif.
Lcucocncmis variabilis B. & McD. Paratype, $ Olancha, Calif.
Lcucocncmis variabilis B. & McD. Paratype, 9 Olancha, Calif.
HemigrotcUa argcnteostriata B. & McD. Paratype, $ Palm Spgs.,

Calif.
Grotella spaldingi B. & McD. 9 Palm Spgs., Calif.
Chamyris sirius B. & McD. Type, 5 Kerrville, Tex.
Acopa histrigata B. & McD. Type, 5 Paradise, Ariz.
Tarach-e cora B. & McD Type, $ Babaqiiivera Mts., Ariz.
Fig. 20. Tarachc cora B. & McD. Paratype, 9 Paradise, Ariz.

Fig.
Fig.

1.
2

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fig.

10.

Fig.

11.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13.

Fig.

14.

Fig.

15.

Fig.

16.

Fig.

17.

Fig.

18.

Fig.

19.

Plate XVII

194

Fig.

1

Fig.

2

Fig.

3

Fig.

4

Fig.

5

Fig.

6

Fig.

7

Fig.

8

Fig.

9

Fig.

10

Fig.

11

Fig.

12

Fig.

13

Fig.

14

Fig.

15

PLATE XVIII

Myctcrophora ruhricans B. & McD. Paratypc, $ Monachee Mdws.,

Calif.

Myctcrophora rubricans B. & McD. Parat.vpe, 2 Monachee Mdws.,

Calif.

Lithacodia indctcnninata B. & McD. Type, 9 Winnfield, La.

Crypliia nana Hbn. 9 S. Pines. N. C.

Ocarba nebula B. & McD. Type, $ Winnfield, La.

Parahypcnodcs quadralis B. & McD. Type, $ St. Johns Co., Que.

Protocryphia sccta Grt. 9 Decatur, 111.

Cryphia pcrvcrtcHs B. & McD. Type, 9 New Brighton, Pa.

Cryphia villificans B. & McD. T>-pe, 9 New Brighton, Pa.

Camptylochila rotundalis Wlk. $ Chicago, 111.

Cainptylochila forbesi Frch. $ New Brighton, Pa.

Camptylochila diminucndis B. & McD. $ New Brighton, Pa.

Camptylochila julia B. & McD. $ New Brighton, Pa.

Schinia tcrrifica B. & McD. Type, $ Colorado (Oslar).

Schinia gloriosa Stkr. Type, 9 San Antonio, Tex.

Plate X\'II1

If-

196

Fig.
Fig,

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fig.

10.

Fig.

11.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13.

Fig.

14.

PLATE XIX

Drasieria graphka atlantica B. & McD. Paratype, $ Rock Beach,

L. I.

Drasteria graphica atlantica B. & McD. Paratype, ? Rock Beach,

L. I.

Drasteria occulta Hy. Edw. 5 Lakehurst, N. J.

Syneda pulchra B. & McD. Type, S Palm Spgs., Calif.

Syneda tejonica Behr $ Loma Linda, Calif.

Syneda tejonica Behr $ Loma Linda, Calif.

Syneda hudsonica G. & R. $ Field, B. C.

Syneda hudsonica G. & R. 9 Glacier Park, Mont.

Syneda hudsonica heathi B. & McD. Paratype, 9 Cartwright, Man.

Syneda hudsonica heathi B. & McD. Type, S Cartwright, Man.

Annaphila astrologa B. & McD. Paratype, 9 Arizona.

Syneda abrtipta B. & McD. Type, S Palmerlee, Ariz,

Annaphila divinula Grt. 9 San Diego, Calif.

Syneda abrupta B. & McD. Type, 9 Jemez Spgs., N. M.

Tl.ATE XIX

198

PLATE XX

Fig. 1. Plataca trilinearia astrigaria B. & McD. Type, $ Olancha, Calif.

Fig. 2. Philtraea clegantaria Hy. Edw. S Babaquivera Mts., Ariz.

Fig. 3. Philtraea clegantaria paticimacula B. & McD. Paratype, 9 San

Benito, Tex.

Fig. 4. Goiwdontis (?) simplicitis B.SiMcD. Paratype, $ Olancha, Calif.

Fig. 5. Gonodontis (?) simplicius B. &McD. Type, 9 Olancha, Calif.

Fig. 6. Cleora dionaria B. & McD. Type, $ Palmerlee, Ariz.

Fig. 7. Olene willingi B. & McD. $ Sebec Lake, Me.

Fig. 8. Olene vagans B. & McD. $ Sebec Lake, Me.

Fig. 9. Olene vagans B. & McD. 9 Sebec Lake, Me.

Fig. 10. Tolype lowriei B. & McD. Paratype, 3 Santa Cniz Mts., Calif.

Fig. 11. Tolype lowriei B. & McD. Paratype, 9 Santa Cruz Mts., Calif.

Fig. 12. Megalopyge lapcna heteropuncta B. & McD. Type, $ Chiricahua

Mts., Ariz.

Fig. 13. Gaea palmi Beut. $ Kingman Ariz.

Fig. 14. Heterocampa cuhana Grt. 5 Venice, Fla.

Fig. 15. Gaea palmi Beut. 9 Kingman, Ariz.

Fig. 15. Heterocoma aJbistriga B. & McD. Paratype, $ Paradise, Ariz.

Fig. 17. Heterocoma albistriga B. & McD. Type, 9 Paradise, Ariz.

Plate XX

200

PLATE XXI

Fig. 1. Eustroma fasciata B. & McD. Type, ? Cowichan Lake, Vane. Is.,

B. C.
Eustroma nubilata Pack. 9 Wellington, B. C.
Euphyia unangutata Haw. S Ramparts, Alaska.
Hydriomena irata quaesitata B. & McD. Type, $ Monachee

Mdws., Calif.
Hydriomena shasta brunneata B. & McD. Type, 3 Monachee

Mdws., Calif.
Hydriomena hensliawi expurgata B. & McD. Type, 3 Monachee

Mdws., Calif.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Pig.

5.

Fig.

6

Fig.

7.

Pig.

8

Fig.

9

Fig-

10

Fig.

11

Fig.

12.

Fig-

13

Fig.

14.

Fig.

IS

Fig-

16

Fig.

17

Fig-

18

Fig.

19.

Pig.

20

Fig.

21.

Dysstroma mulleolata Hist.
Dysstroma mulleolata Hist.
Dysstroma brunneata Pack
Macaria unipunctaria Wgt.
Macaria unipunctaria Wgt.

B. C.

Duncans, Vane. Is.,

Wellington, B. C.

Ketchikan, Alaska.

Redington, Ariz.

Deer Park Spgs., Lake Tahoe,
Calif.
Macaria adonis B. & McD. Paratype, S Monachee Mdws., Calif.
Phasiane hebetata Hist. S Yosemite, Calif.
Glaucina simularia B. & McD. Type, 9 Monachee Mdws., Calif.
Itame simpliciata B. & McD. Type, $ Paradise, Ariz.
Itaine colata Grt. S Vineyard, Utah.
Itame colata Grt. 9 Vineyard, Utah.
Pterotaea mcmoriata Pears. 5 Paradise, Ariz.
Itame colata Grt. $ Monachee Mdws., Calif.
Itame colata Grt. 9 Monachee Mdws., Calif.
Pterotaea ohliviscata B. & McD. Paratype, $ Paradise, Ariz.

Plate XXI

202

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

S.

F.g.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fig.

10.

Fig.

11.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13.

Fig.

14.

Fig.

IS.

Fig.

16.

Fig.

17.

Fig.

18.

Fig.

19.

Fig.

20.

Fig.

21.

Fig.

22.

PLATE XXII

Nasusina vaporata Pears. $ Loma Linda, Calif.

Eupithecia mcndkata B. & McD. Paratype. $ San Diego, Calif.

Prorella mcllisa Grossb. 9 Kingman, Ariz.

Prorella insipidata Pears. 9 Prescott, Ariz.

Eupithecia lagganata Tayl. Type, S Laggan, Alta.

Eupithecia obumbrata Tayl. S Vane. Is., B. C.

Eupithecia fasciata Tayl. Type, 2 Ottawa, Canada.

Eupithecia penumbrata Pears. Cotype, $ Redington, Ariz.

Eupithecia annulata Hist. S Wellington, B. C.

Eupithecia adornata Tayl. Cotype, $ Calgary, Alta.

Eupithecia behrcnsata Pack. $ Loma Linda, Calif.

Claucina cscaria Grt. $ Paradise, Ariz.

Glaucina cscaria Grt. 9 Babaquivera Mts., Ariz.

Claucina crroraria Dyar. 9 Wenden, Yuma Co., Ariz.

Loxostcge anar talis Grt. 9 Siskiyou Co., Calif.

Loxostcge saxicolalis B. & McD. Type, $ Stockton, Utah.

Loxostege albertatis B. & McD. Type, 9 Red Deer River, Alta.

Cornifrons actualis B. & McD. Type, S Loma Linda, Calif.

Phlyctaenia angustalis B. & McD. Paratype, 9 La Puerta Valley,

Calif.
Loxostcge tcrpnalis B. & McD. Ty-pe, 9 Olancha, Calif.
Melitara parabates Dyar $ Gila Co., Ariz.
Olyca ponderosella B. & McD. Type, 9 Palm Spgs., Calif.

Plate XXII

#^f ^>^, ^^"^

^^^

'7

^^^T^,^^""^ ^^^

T'lTfiiiiii irnrmiiM

204

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fig.

10.

Fig.

11.

PLATE XXIII

Siamnodcs deceptiva B. & McD. Type, S Paradise, Ariz.
Acidalia bucephalaria B. & McD. Paratype, $ Tuolumne Mdws.,

Calif.
Plagodis kuelsingaria Pack. S Newton, Mass.
Sabulodcs acccntuata B. & McD. Type, S Flagstaff, Ariz.
Noctuclia (lalmalis B. & McD. Type, 9 Palm Spgs., Calif.
Pyransta invctcrascalis B. & McD. Type, $ New Brighton, Pa.
Pyransta pythialis B. & McD. Type, $ Cartwright, Man.
Pyrausta oclireicoslalis B. & McD. Type, $ Palm Spgs., Calif.
Nociuelia virula B. & McD. Type, $ Palm Spgs., Calif.
Loxostcgc parvipicta B. & McD. Type, $ Olancha, Calif.
Pyrausla tuolumnalis B. & McD. Paratype, $ Tuolumne Mdws.,

Calif.

Plate XXI IT

206

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fig.

10.

Fig.

11.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13.

Fig.

14.

Fig.

IS.

Fig.

16.

Fig.

17.

PLATE XXIV

Loxostege unilinealis B. & McD. Type, $ Redington, Ariz.
Phlyclaenia berberalis B. & McD. Type, 9 Loma Linda, Calif.
Crambus bartcllus B. & McD. Type, $ Tuolumne Mdws., Calif.
Crambus ericellus B. & McD. Paratype, S Tuolumne Mdws., Calif.
Crambus nwdestelhis B. & McD. Type, S Kerrville, Tex.
Tlwumatopsis actuellus B. & McD. Type, $ Lakeland, Fla.
Pyrausta cmigralis B. & McD. S Palmerlee, Ariz.
Loxotegopsis curialis B. & McD. Paratype, S Eureka, Utah.
Pyrausta merrickalis B. & McD. Paratype, S New Brighton, Pa.
Pyrausta zonalis B. & McD. Type, 9 Palm Spgs., Calif.
Macrotheca bilinealis B. & McD. Type, $ Paradise, Ariz.
Macrotheca angulalis B. & McD. Type, 9 Camp Baldy, Calif.
Platytes damon B. & McD. Paratype, $ San Diego, Calif.
Platytes damon B. & McD. Type, 9 San Diego, Calif.
Crambus angulatus B. & McD. Type, $ San Diego, Calif.
Tlascala oregonella B. & McD. Type, $ Crater Lake, Ore.
Parramatta placidella B. & McD. Paratype, 9 Olancha, Calif.

Plate XXIV

:^-*«^

6

208

Fig

1.

Fig

2.

Fig

3.

Fig

4.

Fig

5.

Fig

6.

Fig

7.

PLATE XXV

Genitalia of Oeneis katahdin Newc.
Genitalia of Oeneis brticei Edw.
Genitalia of Oeneis semidea Say.
Genitalia of Oeneis bcani Edw.
Genitalia of Oeneis lucilla B. & McD.
Head of Prorclla gypsata Grt.
Head of Nasiisina inferior Hist.

T'l.ATn XXV

INDEX

Page

abrupta B. & McD 119

acastus Edw 73

accentuata B. &■ McD 156

actualis B. & McD 168

actuellus B. & McD 172

actuaria H. S 117

acutissima Grt 101

adonis B. & McD 148

adomata Tayl 146

aemularia B. & McD 134

aetheria Grt 112

albertalis B. & McD 160

albiocula B. & McD 114

albocostaliata Pack 110

albocostata Druce 110

albostriga B. & McD 179

albovitella Hist 174

amabilis B. 6- il/fD 96

anartalis Grt 159

anceps Steph 101

ancilla B. & McD 79

angelus Dyar 83

angulalis B. & McD 173

angulatus B. & McD 171

angustalis B. & McD 162

annulata Hht 145

apposita B. & McD 106

ardiferella Hist 176

argenteostriata B. & McD 91

arg>-rodines Bull 76

arioch Stkr 105

arizonata Grt 136

assimilis Bull 68

astrigaria B. & McD 150

astrologa B. & McD 109

atlantica B. & McD 119

baldiir Edw 61

barnesi Dyar 83

bartellus B. & McD 170

basijuncta B. & McD 84

basipuncta B. &■ McD 100

battoides Behr 77

Page

beani Edw 60

behrensata Pack 146

bellipicta IVarr 140

berberalis B. & McD 163

bicolar IVlk 87

bilinealis B. & McD 173

binotata IVlk 104

bistrigalis Gcyer 116

bistrigalis Steph 125

bistrigata B. & McD 107

borealis Grt 64

borealis G. & R 76

borrusata B. & McD 139

brunneata Pack 138

bucephalaria B. & McD 135

calcaria Pears 151

Calepbelis G. & R 75

caliginella Hist 174

californiata Gummp 146

Camptylochila Steph 125

capiticola IVlk 118

catskillata Pears 145

celia Saund 90

centralis R cS- MfD 78

chromaphila Dyar 159

chrysomelas Hy. Edw 65

cinctipes Grt 89

cinnabarina B. & McD 92

classicata Pears 147

claudianus Stich 62

clio B. & McD 81

clodius Men 61

cognata Sm 97

colata Grl 149

commortalis Grt 167

confusalis Wlk 169

connecta Sm 93

cora B. & McD 115

coronada Barnes 132

correllata Hist 149

costata Stich 85

crambis Frey 68

Page

cristifera IVlk 95

Cryphia Hbn HI

cubana Grl 128

cupola Hainp 93

curialis B. & McD 166

damon B. & McD 172

danbyi Neum 86

daura Stkr 70

davisi Hy. Edw 89

deceptiva B. & McD 136

decorata Grossb 149

demaculata B. & McD 97

deserti B. & McD 75

diagonalis Dyar 116

diminuendis B. & McD 126

dinephclalis Dyar 172

dionaria B. & McD 153

discors Grl 93

dissimilis Hlsi 157

divinula Grt HO

dolli B. & McD 105

dorsimacula Dyar 83

eglenensis Clem 89

cleanora B. 6- MfZ? 95

electra Wgt ' 81

emigralis B. & McD 166

Epizeuxis Hbn 124

ericellus B. & McD 171

erroraria Dyar 151

escaria Grt 151

eiimoros Dyar 170

cuterpe Men 67

expurgata B. & McD 139

extensa Sni 94

fasciata B. & McD 137

fasciata Tayl 145

faustinula Bdv 84

februalis 5. <&■ MfD 98

f enestralis B. & McD 169

figurata Dru 90

filaria Wlk 154

flaviguttata Grt 112

flavula B. & McD. (Illice) 83

flaviila B. & McD. (Melitaea).. 73

flebilis Hist 145

florepicta Dyar 159

f orbesi Frch 125

fortiter B. <S- iWcZ? 92

Page

fortunata Pears 145

fragilis Stkr 84

f ranconia Hy. Edw 90

frigida Scrid 63

fulgora B. & McD 94

fulicalis Clem 169

fuscata Grossb 136

gallatinus Stick 62

gasta Stkr 105

glaucon Ediv TJ

gloriosa Stkr 91

graefiana Grt 102

grandipennis B. & McD 117

graphica Hbn 118

grisea B. & McD 131

grossbeckiata Swctt 144

hanhami B. & McD 95

heathi B. & McD 122

hebetata Hist 149

helena Edw 71

Hemeroplanis Hbn 122

Hemigrotella S. <5- MfD 91

heteropuncta B. & McD 158

Heterocoma B. & McD 179

hewletti B. & McD 88

hoffmanni Behr 72

horus Edw 80

hudsonica G. & R 121

Hyperstrotia Hamp 112

iberidis Bdi' 65

ilioneus A. & S 61

Illice Wlk 82

illustrata B. & McD 140

immaculata Reak 84

impolita Morr 94

impressale Hist 174

incognita B. & McD 99

incresata Pears 146

indeterminata B. & McD 114

indicataria IVlk 154

indirecta IVlk 102

inferior Hist 141

ingens B. & McD 71

inopinatus Hy. Ediv 89

insipidata Pears 143

intercalaris Grt 116

interior Scud 66

intermedia B. & McD 78

Page

inveterascalis B. & McD 165

irregularia B. & McD 134

Julia 5. & McD 126

kasloa Dyar 87

katahdin Newc 69

kentiickiensis Dyar 83

kumskaka Send 80

kuetzingaria Pack 155

laceyi B. & McD 101

laeta Gucr 84

lagganata Tayl 145

laurentina Scud 67

liberomacula Dyar 83

limnata Pears 145

lisa Bdv. & Lee 67

lituralis Hbn 1-25

low riei B. & McD 132

lucilla B. & McD 69

magdalena B. & McD 71

marginalis Scud 64

maria Skin 72

mellisa Grossh 143

niemoriata Pears 152

mendicata B. & McD 143

menetriesi Hy. Edzv 61

merrickalis B. & McD 165

merrickalis Siii 125

metzaria Dyar 156

minima Dyar 167

minorata B. & McD 97

minuta Hist 141

misenilata Grt 144

modestella B. & McD 110

modestellus B. & McD 171

mofFatiana Grt 102

monica B. & McD 104

mormo Fcld 75

mulleolata Hist 137

multiplaga Scltaus 75

mna. Hbn Ill

napi Linn 63

Nasusina Pears 141

nebula B. & McD Ill

nehulosa Hist 144

nemesis Edzv 75

nemoralis B. & McD 127

ncxa Bdz' 84

nexilis Morr 109

Page

nimbicolor Hist 146

oblectalis Hist 170

obliviscata B. & McD 152

obscurior Hist 146

obumbrata Tayl 145

occidentalis Settd 65

ochreicostalis B. & McD 163

occulta Hy. Edv.' 119

Oeneis Hbn 68

oeno Bdv 68

opinata Pears 142

oregonella B. & McD 175

orcgonensis B. & McD 78

oniata Pack 88

oslarcllus Haiin 170

palla Bdi' 73

pallipennis B. & McD 85

palmalis 5. & McD 167

palmi Beut 178

parabates Dyar 175

Parabypenodes B. & McD 123

parvipicta B. & McD 161

paucimacula B. & McD 154

peabodyae Dyar 93

peartiae Ed'iSi 69

penumbrata Pears 147

perditalis B. & McD 76

perfecta Hy. Edw 120

perfusca Hist 145

perillata Pears 146

perrosea Dyar 83

pervertens B. & McD 113

picta B. & McD 83

picta Pack 90

placidella B. & McD 177

plumbaria Hist 144

ponderosa B. &■ McD 149

ponderosella B. & McD 175

popofensis Sm 105

porcelaria Gn 153

preciosa Nixon 90

primula B. & McD 100

proba Hy. Edw 87

Prorella B. & McD 142

Protocryphia B. & McD 112

pteridis Hy. Edxi.' 86

puella Sni 101

puellaria Dyar 151

Page

inilclira B. & MiD 121

pulverulenta Sm 55

punctata Pack 85

punctularia B. & McD 135

pliritellus Kft 1"'

purpuraria Pears 15j

pyralis Hbn 122

pythialis B. & McD 164

qtiadralis B. & McD 124

qiiacsitata B. & McD 140

resedae Bdv 65

rotundalis Wlk 125

rotundata Pack 136

rubiginosa Wlk 104

rubra Neum 86

rubricans B. & McD 123

rubropicta Pack 84

rufofascialis Stcf'h 167

rufula Bdv 85

ruptifascia B. & McD 82

sabulosa Hy. Edii' 120

salvata Pears 140

saxicolalis B. & McD 160

Scopclopus Stcpli 122

scopulaepes Haw 122

secta Grt 112

segregata B. & McD 72

semicarnea B. & McD ?5

semidea Say 69

seposita Hy. Edit' 122

sericeata B. & McD 157

sericeata Hht 149

serrula B. & McD 104

shastaensis Frch 88

sidus Gn H'2

simpliciata B. & McD 150

simplicius B. & McD 155

simularia B. & McD 152

sirius B. & McD HI

spadaria Gn 117

spaldingi B. & McD. (Grotella) 92

Page

spaldingi B. & McD. (Philotes) 79

spcrmaphaga Dyar 147

subargentalis B. & McD 161

subcolorata B. & McD 'i'9

subhyalina Ciirt 68

subjuncta G. & R 95

tejonica Behr 120

tenuifascia Harv 82

tenuistriga B. &■ McD 118

terpnalis B. & McD 160

terrificaS. & MeD 91

texanella Hist 174

thalialis Wlk 167

transferens Dyar 173

treati Grt 84

triangula B. & McD 116

triangulata B. & McD. (Plataea) 151

triangulata B. & McD. (Synaxis) 156

troilus Linn 61

tuolumnalis B. & McD 165

unangulata Haza 140

uncanale Hist 174

undalis Sicpli 125

unitascia G. & R 82

unilinealis B. 6r McD 161

unipunctaria Wgt 148

vagans B. & McD 129

vagans Bdv 85

vaporata Pears 141

variabilis B. & McD 106

variegata B. & McD 103

vema B. & McD 90

villificans B. & McD 113

vinulenta Grt 102

virginiensis Gray 76

viridescens B. & McD 108

virula B. & McD 168

walkeri Grt 102

walsinghami Butl 87

wiUingi B. & McD 129

zonalis B. & McD 164

CONTRIBUTIONS

TO THE

NATURAL HISTORY

OF THE

LEPIDOPTERA

OF

NORTH AMERICA

VOL. IV

No. 3

NOTES AND NEW SPECIES

BY

WILLIAM BARNES, S. B., M. D.

AND

AUGUST BUSCK

MAILED MARCH 8, 1920

211

NOTES AND NEW SPECIES
TORTRICIDAE

Amorbia synneuraxa, n. sp. PI. XXXI, Fig. 3.

Labial palpi light yellow, slightly brownish exteriorly. Face, head and thorax
light straw-yellow. Forewings light straw-yellow with a small faint light red-
dish brown dash on the middle of costa, directed outAvardly, and with a similarly
colored very faint dash on apical third of costa. Hindwings pale straw-colored.
Abdomen light yellow with whitish underside. Legs pale yellow. Underside
of wings unicolored light yellow. The female has both pairs of wings a shade
darker tlian the male, but is identical in markings.

Alar expanse : S 20-24 mm. ; 9 26 mm.

Habitat: Redington and Babaquivera Mts., Arizona.

Type and cotypes in Collection Banies; cotypes in U, S. National Museum
(No. 22634).

This species is similar to Amorbia emigratella Busck, especially
in the males, but is without the dark costal-apical edging of the hind-
wings found in that species, and the markings of the forewings are
much paler. The female dififers from any described species of the
genus by having veins 7 and 8 of the forewings united as in the male,
not stalked as is the normal. The Californian Amorbia cuneana Wal-
singham, is very variable in color, but is much larger and even the
palest male of that species is darker ochreous than those of the present
species. The male genitalia of this genus are very uniform with but
slight specific modification, but A. synneurana has the costa of the
harps somewhat arched, not straight, and the center of the transtilla
is much less spined than in A. cuneana Wlshm., it also has a very
dififerent armature of the penis from this species (see PI. XXXI, Fig.
1 and 3).

Sparganothis machimiana, n. sp. PI. XXVIII, Fig. 2.

Labial palpi light ochreous, suffused with dark fuscous exteriorly and with
dark fuscous terminal joints. Face naked. Head and thorax light ochreous
brown. Forewings light ochreous brown, evenly sprinkled with single scales of
darker brown and dark fuscous; a faint series of small blackish dots along the
costal and terminal edges; a conspicuous small black round dot at the end of
the cell; cilia ochreous. Hindwings light brownish fuscous with paler cilia;
underside with very faint transverse blackish striation. Abdomen ochreous
fuscous above, yellowish on the underside. LefTS ochreous with dusky tarsal
joints.

212

Alar expanse: 21-26 mm.

Habitat : Paradise, Cochise Co. and Palmerlee, Arizona.
Type and cotypcs in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22635).

Sparganothis umbrana, n. sp. PI. XX\'III, Fig. 3.

Labial palpi dark reddish brown. Face naked. Head and thorax light
reddish brown. Forewings light ochreous with golden and greenish iridescence
and with dark brown markings; an ill-defined, narrow, reddish brown fascia
from before the middle of costa to just beyond the middle of dorsum; an apical
dark brown area occupies the outer third of the wing and is sharply outlined
against the lighter ground color of the basal two-thirds, which terminates before
apical third of costa and bulges outwards shortly below the costa into the
darker apical part of the wing; a small reddish brown spot on the fold near
the base. Cilia light ochreous. Hindwings dark fuscous brown with light
ochreous cilia. Abdomen dark ochreous with lighter underside. Legs ochreous
with tarsal joints faintly annulated with fuscous.

Alar expanse : 22-24 mm.

Habitat : Denver, Colorado. Oslar, collector.

Type and cotypcs in Collection Barnes; cot\pcs in U. S. National Aluseum
(No. 22636).

A somewhat variable species, closely allied to the very variable
Californian species 5". scuccionana Walsingham, which I consider only
a variety of riidana Walsingham and of the iminaculate incoiiditana
Walsingham ; in a very large series before me these forms grade into
each other so completely, that I can only consider them all one species,
as many genitalia slides of the various forms seem to support. The
present species differs in having much longer labial palpi than the
Californian species, which must bear the first Walsingham name, in-
coiiditana.

Platynota iridana, n. sp.

Labial palpi reddish brown, mottled with black. Head and thorax reddish
brown. Forewings of the female reddish brown with a darker brown indistinct,
outwardly oblique facia from before the middle of costa to before tomus ;
another blackish brown fascia, broad on the apical third of costa becomes
attenuated and stops before it reaches tornus ; on both sides of this last dark
fascia are narrower light reddish outwardly oblique and curved fasciae which
are heavily overlaid with iridescent and silvery scales ; extreme terminal edge
and apex dark brown ; at the end of the cell a conspicuous black dot. In the
males the costal fold reaches to apical third of costa, broad on basal half and
narrow outwardly; basal two-thirds of the wing heavily overlaid with dark,
blackish brown scales, contrasting with a light ochreous transverse space at

^3

apical fifth, which is overlaid with iridescent scales; lerniiiial edge dark reddish
hrown. Hindwinps in both sexes light reddish brown. Abdomen light golden
brown with golden ochreous underside. Legs light ochreous, dnsted with dark
brown.

Alar expanse: $ 14 mm. ; 9 15-17 mm.

Habitat : St. Petersburg, Florida.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; oot.\pes in U, S. National Museum
(No. 22637).

Nearest to the larger and ligliter coloretl Plalynota tnctaUica W'al-
singham.

PlATYNOTA VIRIDANA, 11. sp. PI. XX\'III. Fig. 4.

Labial palpi light greenish yellow, heavily sprinkled with blackish fuscous
scales. Head and thorax greenish yellow, face and patagia heavily overlaid
with blackish fuscous. Forewings light yellow with a green lustre, sparsely
overlaid with darker ochreous and light brown scales ; a well defined, outwardly
oblique, blackish fuscous fascia from middle of costa to apical third of dorsum
contains a number of reddish and brown scale?; a similarly colored triangular
costal spot at apical third ; terminal edge and apex broadly blackish fuscous
with a reddish brown line along the extreme edge ; cilia ochreous ; costal fold
in the male very small and not firmly pressed down, covering only basal sixth
of costa. Hindwings dark fuscous with cilia lighter. Abdomen and legs ochre-
ous fuscous.

Alar expanse: 17 mm.

Habitat: Dewey, Arizona.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22638).

Platynota chiquitana, n. sp.

Labial palpi, head and thorax blackish brown. Forewings dark brown with
outer half lighter yellowish brown especially in the males; costal fold of the
male short and narrow, reaching only one-fourth of the costa; a blackish brown,
outwardly oblique, fascia from the middle of costa to apical third of dorsum
becomes indistinct and suflFused on its lower half, but is edged along its entire
basal side with minute tufts of raised scales; similar small tufts of black scales
are found in two series across the apical part of the wing, starting on either
side of an obscure dark brown triangular costal spot at apical third; additional
small tufts of scales are scattered on apical part of the wing; terminal edge
dark reddish brown with small raised scale tufts. Cilia golden brown. Hind-
wings dark reddish brown. Abdomen dark fuscous with yellowish brown under-
side. Legs blackish brown.

Alar expanse : 12-16 mm.

Habitat: San Diego and Loma Linda, San Bern. Co., California.

214

Type and cotvpes in Collection Barnes; cotvpes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22639).

An inconspictioiis species, mainly distinguished stiperficially by
its small size.

TORTRIX PERONEANA, n. sp.

Labial palpi reddish ochreous. Face and head dark ochreous. Collar dark
reddish brown. Thorax light yellow. Forewings light yellow, slightly suffused
with reddish scales, especially on outer half and along costa; a short dark brown
line from just before the middle of costa is directed towards tornus but stops
at the end of the cell and forms a right angle with a similar, inwardly directed
line from apical fourtli of costa; costal edge narrowly reddish brown except
within the triangle formed by these two lines; terminal edge and cilia dark
reddish fuscous. Male without costal fold. Hindwings light reddish fuscous
with white cilia. Abdomen light yellow. Legs yellow shaded exteriorly with
brown.

Alar expanse: 18-19 mm.

Habitat : Palmerlee, Cochise Co., Arizona.

Type and cotvpes in Collection Barnes; cotvpes in U. .S. Xalional Museum
(No. 22640).

A striking species of the quercifoliaiia and scmicirculana group,
easily recognized by its simple pattern.

The venation of the female of this species is normal with veins
3 and 4 of the hindwings connate ; the males have these veins dis-
tinctly separate, tho' approximate, a tentlency foimd in several species
of the family and indicating that this character. 3 and 4 of hind-
wing separate or connate, must be used with considerable circum-
spection in the generic division of the family, more so, probably, than
has been the case.

TORTRIX CARNANA, n. sp. PI. XXVIII, Fig. 1.

Labial palpi light reddish brown. Face and head deep reddish brown.
Thorax reddish brown ; patagia tipped with white. Forewings white with vivid
reddisli brown markings; basal fourth reddish brown except along dorsal edge;
a broad reddish brown fascia from tlie middle of costa, outwardly projected to
the end of the cell, reaches nearly across tlie wing to the fold; the white apical
third of the wing outside this fascia is faintly suffused with red except on a pure
white costal streak immediately beyond the fascia. Cilia white. Hindwings
pale nisty red. Underside of both wings liglit golden red with the white costal

215

marking of tlie forewing sliowing tliroiigli. Abdomen reddish brown with
whitish base and underside. Legs white, strongly suFEiised with red exteriorly.

Alar expanse : 26-29 mm.

Habit.\t: Camp Baldy, San. Bern. Mts.. California.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypes in V. S. National Museum
(No. 22641).

A very striking species, not easily confnsed with any describeil
species bitt probably nearest to T". Tiridana Dyar.

TORTRIX DtMORPH.WA, n. sp.

Labial palpi, face, head and thorax light canary yellow. Forewings light
canary yellow with blackish fuscous markings; in the female the dark markings
are confined to a short, inwardly directed, diflfused dorsal streak just before
tornus and sometimes a scattering of black scales along the terminal and dorsal
margins; in the male there is an oblique blackish fascia from middle of costa to
just before tornus, interrupted on the middle of the wing by the ground color;
there is also a well defined blackish costal spot at apical fourth. Cilia whitish.
Hindwings and cilia white. Abdomen whitish ochreous. Legs light ochreous,
shaded exteriorly with brown.

Alar expanse: 21-24 mm.

Habitat: Duncans, Vancouver Is. Hanhani coll.; Victoria, British Co-
lumbia.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cot\-pes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22642).

Allied to T. demcnsiana Fernald, but broader winged and distin-
guished by the dark markings of the forewings.

TORTRIX INVID.'\N.A, n. sp. PI. XXXI, Fig. 9.

Labial palpi dirty white, shaded exteriorly with black; terminal joint black.
Face, head and thorax dirty white with a few single black scales; patagia
strongly speckled with black. Ground color of the forewings white with gray
and black markings; basal fourth thickly overlaid with gray and black trans-
verse striation except on dorsal edge; on the middle of costa is a sharply limited
black spot, from which an outwardly oblique, strongly angulated fascia of gray
and black scales runs to the dorsum just before tornus; at apical fourth of
costa is a large rectangular black and gray spot with a minute costal dash of the
ground color in the center; beyond this are two thin blackish lines across the
wing, the first tenuinating in a large ill defined gray spot above tornus, the outer
just before apex is continued into a series of black dashes along terminal and
tomal edge and beyond and along dorsal edge between the fascia and the basal
part. Cilia dirty while. Hindwings light fuscous with the edges slightly
darker and with a thin fuscous line in the dirty white cilia, parallel with the

216

edge. Abdomen fuscous vvitli whitish underside. Legs dirty vvliite, shaded with
fuscous exteriorly.

Alar expanse : 19-22 mm.

H.'VBiT.vT: Duncans, Vancouver Is. Hanham coll.; Victoria, British Co-
lumbia.

Type and cotypcs in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22643).

Allied to and with strong general resemblance to Tortrix dissitana
Grote, but without the solid black triangular markings on the terminal
edge of this species.

Peronea m.\ximan.\, n. sp. PI. XXXII, Fig. 1.

Labial palpi wliite, mottled exteriorly with black scales. Face, head and
thorax whitish fuscous, sparsely sprinkled with single black scales. Forewings
whitish gray with a faint bluish tint and irregularly sprinkled and strigulated
with darker gray and black scales; costal edge with irregularly placed blackish
brown geminate dashes ; terminal edge w ith a scalloped blackish brown mar-
ginal line, at basal third of costa is an outwardly directed transverse blackish
fuscous fascia, sometimes faintly indicated. A somewhat more distinct irregu-
lar transverse dark shade across the end of the cell from the middle of costa
is also variable in the different specimens, but is at least always indicated by a
dark spot at the end of the cell, containing two short longitudinal black streaks ;
a small blackish dot on the fold near the base. Hindwings light shining fus-
cous with darker fuscous irregular transverse striation whicli is more pro-
nounced on the underside; underside of forewings dark fuscous with whitish
costal edge on which several dark costal dashes show conspicuously. Abdomen
dark fuscous with yellowish anal tuft. Legs dirty ochreous white.

Alar expanse ; 28-30 mm.

Habit.-\t ; Vancouver Is. Hanham coll.; Victoria. British Columbia. A
J. Crocker coll.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes ; cotxpes in U. S, National Museum
(No. 22644).

A striking species nearest allied to Peronea ferrug'uugnttata Fer-
nald. A series of specimens from the same locality but smaller (22-27
mm) seeiTi to grade right into the larger form, which I have made the
type and I am unable to separate them, at least for the jjresent.

Peronea fuscana, n. sp.

Labial palpi whitish on their inner side, dark fuscous exteriorly. Face,
head and thorax dark fuscous. Forewings dark fuscous with a few scattered
brown scales and with black markings; base of costa broadly black; a black
rectangular triangle, consisting of two costal spots and an intermediate spot
below and between these, closely connected around a small dot of the ground

217

color at apical third ; a small black dot on the fold near the base ; faint blackish
brown transverse striation on apical third of the wing; cilia dirty white. Hind-
■\vinf;s light shiny fuscous with whitish cilia. Abdomen ochreous fuscous with
lit;hter underside. Legs ochreous fuscous with blackish shading e.\tcrior!y.

Alar expanse: 16 mm.

H.'VBiT.AT : Aweme, Manitoba, Criddle coll.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22645).

A dark inconspicuous species of the Snbnh'ana group.

Perone.\ stadi.^na, n. sp.

Labial palpi yellowish white on the inner side, mottled with reddish brown
exteriorly. Face, head and thorax light reddish brown. Forewings light red-
dish brown with a dark brown triangle, enclosing a small triangular spot of the
ground color on apical tliird of costa ; a faint dark brown striation on basal
third of the wing; apical third rather heavily overlaid with dark brown; a small
black dot on the middle of the cell and a similar dot at the end of the cell, con-
taining a few white scales; a small black dot on the fold near base; all of these
black spots consist of raised scales; the extreme terminal edge of the wing
dusted with black; cilia light fuscous. Hindwings dark brownish fuscous with
yellowish cilia. Abdomen fuscous above, underside light ochreous. Legs light
ochreous; tarsal joints shaded exteriorly with brown.

Alar expanse: 15-17 mm.

H.\BITAT : Ottawa, Canada. C. H. Young coll.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22646).

Apparently a not very variable species, near P. viburnana Clem-
ens in color, but smaller and witli the costal triangle less extensive.

218

PHALONIIDAE

IIv-TEROSIA PERSIMCTANA. n. sp. PI. XXVIII, Fig. 5.

Labial palpi whitish gray, sprinkled with dark brown scales. Head and
thorax whitish gray sprinkled with brown. Forewings without costal fold in the
male; the white ground color thickly and evenly dusted with gray, black and light
fawn colored scales so as to appear gray to the unaided eye ; from the middle
of costa to near base of dorsum runs a dark gray narrow^ fascia, ill defined out-
wardly, but sharply outlined basally by a line of white scales; a large blackish
brown transverse spot, undulated in outline toward the base and outwardly
curved toward apex reaches from apical fourth of costa to tomus and is edged
outwardly by a line of pure white scales; an indistinct triangular dark gray
area before tomus is emphasized by a lighter gray edge toward the base of the
wing; cilia white with base and tips brown. Hindwings whitish, heavily but
indefinitely mottled with transverse gray strialion, which is more pronounced on
the underside ; cilia white dotted with brown. Underside of forewings light
brown with the outer curved white line and the dark subapical spot of the upper
surface clearly indicated. Abdomen li.ght grayish brown. Legs whitish, dusted
with brown.

Alar e,\p.".nse : 25-27 mm.

H.\r.iTAT : Paradise, Cochise Co., Arizona.

Type and cutvpes in Collection Barnes; cotvpes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22647).

Nearest to //. tcnninaua Busck, but ver_v distinct from any of our
described species of the gentis by its soft gray color and the externally
white edged dark apical sjiot.

HVSTEROSIA CANARIANA, n. sp. PI. XXVIII, Fig. 6.

Labial palpi light yellow, mottled externally with brown. Face, head and
thorax light yellow. Forewings pale canary yellow, overlaid with darker yel-
low scales and with reddish brown and blackish markings; costal fold of the
male blackish brown, reaching to basal third; a series of faint, equidistant, light
brown dots along costal edge beyond the fold ; an inwardly oblique blackish
brown streak across the base of the cell; a small black spot at the end of the
cell and a reddish brown streak, mixed with black scales across the tip of the
wing from apical fourth to tornus. Cilia reddish white. Hindwings light fus-
cous with faint transverse darker striation. Abdomen dark fuscous with yellow
anal tuft. Legs light ochreous.

Alar expanse: 19-23 mm.

Habit.'m: White Mountains, Arizona.

Type and cotvpes in Collection Barnes ; cotvpes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22648).

219

Nearest to //. anicoalbida Walsingham. but darker yellow with
darker markings and at once distinguislied from it by the dark hind-
wings.

HvsTEROSiA KMLviPLiCANA Walsingham. PI. XXXII, Fig. 10.

1879, 111. I.ep. Met. Brit. Mus.. Vol. IV, p. 25, PI. LXVI, Fig. 2, 3.
n. syns :

Hysterosia aegrana Walsingham.

1879, 111. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., Vol. IV, p. 26, PI. LXVI, Fig. 4.

Hysterosia homonana Kearfott.

1907, Can. Fnt., \'ol. XXXIX, p. 84.

Hysterosia komouana Kearfott.

1907, Can. Ent., XXXIX, p. 121.

A very large and perfect series from the type locality of Wal-
singham's species show sufficient variation in the ground color of the
forewings to indicate that the two names fiilviplicana and aegrana
apply to only one species of which the males normally are the larger
and white, while the females are ochreous and much smaller, but both
sexes vary and intergrade to some extent and enough to account for
Walsinghani's description and figures of the supposed two species.

Lord Walsingham evidently had some suspicion of this, but his
short series did not enable him to connect the extremes in coloration
and size. In spite of considerable collection in the type region only
one species of this genus has been turned up and only one seems to
occur there.

Kearfott's two names Hysterosia homonana and H. komonana
apply to small varieties of male specimens of this same species as his
types prove ; genitalia slides of cotypes of both his species have been
made and are found to be alike and identical with those of f tiki plic ana
Walsingham.

The synonymy is augmented by the names refuga Meyrick and
fermcntata Meyrick, supplied with the idea of supplanting Kearfott's
"nonsense " names.

It is further added to by Lord Walsinghani's identification of the
European Hysterosia inopiana Stephens, from California, which in
our opinion was based on a female of the variable fnlviplicana, this
European name should be discontinued in our North American List

220

except as a synonym of fitk'ipUcana as H . inopiana Walsingham, not
Stephens.

In most species of Lepidoptera the female is larger than the male
in alar expanse and the opposite condition in this species is noteworthy,
though found in several others. It does not hold for the other species
of the genus. In the oecophorid genus Scmioscopis it is the condition
found in all the species, that the males run considerably larger than
the females.

ITy.sterosia terminana Busck.

1907. Jour. N. Y. Ent. .Soc, XV, p. 33.
n. syn.

Hystcrosia nicrrickaiia Kearfott.

1907, Can. Ent., XXXIX. p. 59, 121.

These two names ])ul)lished with short intervals stand for the same
species and mcrrickana must sink as a synonym.

Hy.sterosia baracana Busck.

1907, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XV, p. 38.
n. syn :

Hystcrosia tiscana Kearfott.

1907, Can. Ent., XXXIX, p. 123.

Hystcrosia vigilans Meyrick.

1912, Ent. Mo. Mag., XLVIII, p. 35.

Kearfott's name H . tiscana, published a few months after Hystc-
rosia baracana. falls as a synonym for it and witli it Meyrick's substi-
tute for Kearfott's name.

I [vsTF.KosiA cautwuigiitana Kearfott.

1907. Can. Ent., XXXIX, p. 123.

This name has been placed wrongfully as a .synonym of H.
villana Busck. and should he resurrected as a valid species. The gen-
italia of this genus are remarkably uniform and difficult to dififerentiate,
but exhibit good characters, however small, in the form of the trans-
tilla and the armature of the penis.

221

Phai.onia marloffiana Busck.

1907, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XV, p. 26.
new syn :

Phalonia nonlavana Kearf.

1907, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XXXIII, p. 85.

This synonymy and that of the two Hystcrosia species, presented
in this paper was realized and admitted by Mr. Kearfott during his
visit at the National Museum shortly after their publication, but was
not published In' our late friend, as intended, before his untimely
demise.

222

COSMOPTERYGIDAE

PSACAPHORA EDITIIEI.LA, II. sp. I'l. XXVIII, Fig. 11.

Labial palpi light whitish straw colored with anterior edge purplish black.
Face, head and thorax shiny purplish black; antennae purplish black. Fore-
wings shining golden red with bronzy black and metallic golden markings ; ex-
treme base of wing black, which color is continued narrowly on the costal edge
to basal fourth and broadly along the dorsal edge to basal third; the outer half
of the dorsal part of this area is heavily irrorated transversely with metallic gold
and terminates in a tuft of raised scales; near the end of this black area is a
blunt irregular extension upwards into the cell, so strongly overlaid with metallic
golden scales as to obscure the black entirely in certain lights and appear solid
gold; a similarly colored elongate spot on outer half of the cell; an elongate
black, golden irrorated spot on the end of the fold, but not touching the dorsal
edge, terminates in a tuft of raised scales and has a large spur upwards over
the end of the cell ; the tufts of raised scales have the lower scales pure white and
when the tufts are pressed down in setting the specimen these scales protrude
and form small white spots at the edge of the black and golden areas; just
beyond apical fourth is a conspicuous white costal dash and beyond this the
costal, apical and terminal edges are deep black, heavily overlaid with metallic
golden scales. Cilia bronzy black. Hindwings and cilia bronzy black. Abdomen
Mack. Legs black with the ends of the joints white.

Alar expanse: 16-17.5 mm.

H.\BiTAT: Chimney Gulch, Golden, Colorado. Oslar coll.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cot\pes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22649).

A very brilliant moth, typical of the genus and nearest to P. piir-
piiricUu Busck, but easily distinguished by the lighter color, different
pattern and striking metallic golden wings.

Named in honor of Miss Edith Horstmann.

.Stagmatopiiora vvvattella, n. sp.

Labial palpi white with base of second joint and with base and a broad
annulation on terminal joint black. Face and head white. Thorax black. Fore-
wings black with a strong purplish sheen and with silvery white markings; an
outwardly oblique white streak from basal fourth of costa reacliing to the fold;
a similar but smaller streak on the middle of costa and a semicircular white
costal spot at apical fourth; a silvery white spot on the middle of dorsal edge,
connected by white scales with another white spot at apical fourth of dorsum;
a few scattered white scales at apex. Cilia blackish fuscous. Hindwings dark
blackish bmun with a stron.^ purple sheen; cilia blackish fuscous. Abdomen

223

blackish brown with silvery underside. Legs black with broad white bars and
tarsal annulation.

Alar expanse: 13-16 mm.

H.^BITAT: Pales Park and Edgebrook, Chicago, Illinois. A. K. Wyatt
coll.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotype in U. S. National Museum
(No. 226S0).

Named in honor of the collector. Very close and similar in color
and ornamentation to Stagmatophora sexnotclla Chambers and easily
confused with this species, but somewhat larger and differing in the
more extended white markings, in the connected dorsal spots and in
the much darker hindwings.

224

GELECHIIDAE

ISOPHRICTIS ACTIELLA, n. sp.

Labial palpi, face, head and thorax white. Forewings dark brownish
fuscous with a greenish sheen; a broad longitudinal spindle-shaped white streak
on the middle of the wing from base to the end of the cell; an outwardly oblique
white costal streak before the cilia, meeting a similar opposite dorsal streak in
a sharp angle ; three white costal dashes and five nearly confluent dorsal pencils
beyond these first streaks; a deep black basal line at base of apical cilia; cilia
white with three parallel black lines beyond the black base. Hindwings silvery
fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous. Legs dark fuscous with narrow white annu-
lations at the end of the joints.

Alar expanse: 10-11 mm.

Habitat: San Diego, California.

Type and cotvpcs in Collection Barnes; cotvpes in L' S. National Museum
(No. 22651).

A small strongly marked species, nearest Isopliriclis (Paltodora)
canicostella Walsingham, which differs in the white costa and other
details of the pattern.

All the American species hitherto placed in the genus Paltodora
IMeyrick must be transferred to the genus Isophrictis Meyrick ( Ent.
ATo. Mag., \'ol. LIII, p. 113, 1917).'

Epithectis citrinella, n. sp.

Labial palpi light yellow with a broad black annulation on the middle of
terminal joint. Face, head and thorax light yellow ; base of patagina black.
Forewings light lemon yellow ; base of costal edge black ; a black costal spot at
basal fourth and another just beyond the middle; a small black spot on dorsal
edge at the end of the fold and three small black dots along the terminal edge.
Cilia dusky. Hindwings light silvery fuscous. Abdomen yellow with dusky
annulations Legs yellow with black bars on the front tibiae.

Alar expanse: 8-10 mm.

Habitat : Palmerlee, Arizona.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypcs in LI. S. National Museum
(No. 22652).

Closest and quite similar to E. saniidersclla Chambers, but with
the forewings lighter yellow, with no black markings except those men-
tioned above, and with yellow thorax.

225

Telphusa baldiana, n. sp.

Labia! palpi whitish, heavily sprinkled with fuscous and black scales espe-
cially on outer surface; terminal joint with an ill defined broad black annula-
tion around the middle and another just before the tip. Face whitish. Head
and thorax light fuscous, each scale tipped with white. Forewings bluish white,
overlaid with fuscous, black and brown scales; a rather well defined outwardly
oblique fasciae of black raised scales from near the base of costa to basal fourth
of dorsum; an ill defined light fuscous spot on the middle of costa; an ill de-
fined transverse shade of fuscous over the end of the cell, edged exteriorly by a
narrow nearly unniottled white fascia; at the end of the cell a short transverse
streak of black and brown raised scales, tip of the wing well overlaid with fus-
cous; a short longitudinal black line on the end of veins 5 and 6. Cilia light
fuscous. Abdomen light ochreous fuscous. Legs light ochreous with ill defined
fuscous bars and annulations.

Alar expanse : 19-21 mm.

Habitat : Camp Baldy, San Bernardino Co., California.

Type and cotypcs in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. -S. Nationrd Museum
(No. 22653).

The largest described North American species of the genus and
easily distinguished by the deep black basal fascia.

Aristotelia monilella, n. sp.

Labial palpi white, second joint with an indistinct brown annulation near
the tip, terminal joint with two broad, blackish brown annulations. Face, head
and collar yellowish white. Thorax golden brown. Forewings light golden
brown; at basal fourth an outwardly oblique white transverse streak, attenu-
ated towards dorsum and not quite reaching the dorsal edge; on the middle of
the costa is an equilateral triangular white spot and at apical fourth an in-
wardly directed triangular white spot; all of these white spots are marginal
and continued across the wing by black and metallic blue scales and terminate
on the dorsal edge in small white spots; apical and terminal edges broadly
velvety black with conspicuous tufts of metallic blue scales around the margin.
Cilia dark brown with white tips. Underside of both wings brown and both
with a large white spot at apical fourth. Abdomen black, each joint tipped with
silvery white. Legs dark brown with white bars and tarsal annulations.

Alar expanse : 12-13 mm.

Habitat: Southern Pines, North Carolina.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22654).

Very close to Aristotelia clegantella Chambers and to A. argeiiti-
fera Busck and rivalling them in exquisite beauty, but easily distin-
guished from either by the different pattern.

226

Aristotelia lindanella, n. sp.

Labial palpi white, second joint slightly shaded exteriorly with reddish
brown ; terminal joint with two anniilations and extreme tip black. Face, head
and thorax light yellow. Forewings yellowish white ; extreme base of costa
black; at basal third a broad blackish brown transverse fascia, slightly nearer
base at costa than on the dorsal edge; at apical third is a similar broader fascia,
strongly overlaid with brick-red on the dorsal half and touching on the dorsal
edge a third broad fascia across the tip of the wing, which is nearly all brick
red with only the costal end blackish brown; tip of the wing white with a few
scattered brown scales. Cilia white. Hindwings light whitish fuscous. Abdo-
men yellowish with silvery underside. Legs white with dark brown bars and
nearly black tarsal joints.

Alar expanse: 10-11 mm.

Habitat: Loma Linda, San Bernardino Co, and Olancha, Inva Co., Cali-
fornia.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22655).

Nearest to Aristotelia bifasciella Busck, but smaller with straighter
fasciae and at once distinguished by the yellow head and the brick-red
shading on the wings.

Anacampsis psoraliei.i.a, n. sp. PI. XXVIII, Fig, 10.

Labial palpi and tongue light golden ochreous. Face, head and thorax
olivaceous blackish brown. Forewings nearly iinicolorous blackish brown with
apical fourth a shade lighter; the two shades are faintly but sharply defined by
a transverse line, which is slightly but sharply outwardly curved and pointed
on the middle ; four hardly perceptible darker brown spots, one near the base,
one on the middle of the cell, one at the end of the cell and one on the middle
of the fold. Cilia dark brown. Hindwings dark olivaceous brown with the cilia
a shade lighter. Abdomen blackish brown with light yellowish underside. Legs
yellowish shaded exteriorly with brown.

Alar expanse : 18-21 mm.

Habitat: Sioux City, Iowa.

Food plant : Psoralca argol'liyUj.

Bred by Dr. A. W. Lindsey.

Type and cotype in Collection Barnes; cotype in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22656).

Allied to A. liipinrlla Busck, Ijut larger and differing in the light
yellow labial palpi.

227

Anacampsis i.ACTiLUSOciiKELi.A Chambers.

Gelechia lacteusochrcUa Chambers, 1875, Cinn. Quart. Jour., Vol.

11, p. 244; Busck, 1903, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXV, p. 897;

Barnes, 1917. List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 6329.

This name, which for nearly half a century has been on our list
as unrecognized, we now apply to a small inconspicuous species of
Anacampsis from Riverside, Calif., and South California, which agrees
well with Chambers' description, incomplete as it is. The species is
nearest A. crescentifascicUa Chamb. and A. argyrothamniella Busck,
and good series are fotmd so labelled in U. S. National Museum and
in collection Barnes.

EUCORDYLEA ELUCIDEM.A. n. Sp.

Second joint of labial palpi blackish brown with a large ill-defined white
annulation below the middle ; terminal joint black with two narrow diffused
white annulations, one at base and one on the middle and with extreme tip
white; brush on the inner side of second joint in the male large, dirty yellowish
white ; this brush is not found in the females. Antennae black with narrow
white annulations. Face and head yellowish white, sprinkled witli fuscous.
Thorax dark fuscous. Forewings light gray with three ill-defined and obscure
blackish dashes on costa, one at basal fourth, one on the middle and one at
apical third ; these black dashes are edged with white and are faintly continued
across the wing, the first as an outwardly oblique narrow and broken fascia,
the two others straight across the wing; each of these fascia is emphasized by
tufts of raised black scales, edged with white, two of which on each fascia are
larger and more persistent in the flown specimen than the other markings.
Cilia light fuscous. Hindwings light fuscous; in the males with a large expan-
sive bright yellow hairtuft at base. Abdomen ochreous above with fuscous
underside. Legs ochreous white barred and annulated with black.

Alar expanse: 11-13 mm.

Habitat: San Diego, California. June.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22657).

The genus Eucordylca Dietz was erected on the peculiar labial tuft
and has been known hitherto only from a few males. The females are
now found to have palpi as normal in the genus Recurvaria with which
Eucordylea is identical in venation. I postpone until a revision of the
family the decision whether or not the genus Eucordylea can be log-
ically maintained.

228

Gf.i.ixhia spilosella, n. sp.

Labial palpi with well developed furrowed brush, whitish fuscous, mot-
tled with dark fuscous and black. Face ochreous fuscous. Head and thorax
dark fuscous. Forewings dark fuscous minutely irrorated with black, extreme
tip of each scale being black; a prominent blackish brown spot on the middle
of the cell and another similar spot obliquely below it on the fold, both partly
edged with light brown scales; a small light brown spot on the end of the cell
contains one or sometimes two small black spots ; a very faint, hardly discern-
able lighter fuscous transverse shade across the wing at apical fourth, some-
times accentuated by a faint ochreous costal spot; a few black dots along the
terminal edge before the lighter fuscous cilia. Hindwings brownish fuscous
Abdomen dark fuscous with basal joints velvety ochreous above. Legs dark
fuscous with narrow ochreous tarsal annulations.

Alar expanse : 20-21 mm.

H.'\bitat: San Diego, California.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22658).

Gei.echia retiniella. n. sp.

Labial palpi white. Face and head white. Thorax light yellow. Fore-
wings white, heavily overlaid with light ochreous scales, which only leaves the
white ground color exposed on a very diffused outwardly oblique fascia from
basal fourth of costa to basal third of dorsum, on a similarly ill-defined trans-
verse fascia across the middle of the wing and on a somewhat better defined
transverse fascia at apical fourth. Cilia whitish fuscous. Hindwings silvery
fuscous. Abdomen ochreous. Legs dark ochreous with white annulations.

Alar expanse: 18-21 mm.

Habitat : Verdi, Nevada.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotvpes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22659).

Described from a series placed by the late Win. Kearfott under
this name; the specimens are in rather poor condition, but the species
is so strikingly different from any described N. Am. species that it is
deemed well to record it especially as specimens probably have been
named for collectors. The light ochreous color with the transverse
white fascia suggest somewhat the genus Evetria (Retiiiia).
Gelechia xanthophilella, n. sp.

Labial palpi light yellow-, terminal joint sprinkled with black anteriorly.
Face and head yellowish white. Thorax light yellow ; patagina black. Fore-
wings light yellow with a blackish brown longitudinal streak through the middle
of the wing from base to the middle of the cell, whence it bends obliquely up-
wards to the middle of costa; costal edge above this line sprinkled with black;
an ill-defined, irregular blackish brown fascia at apical third contains a short

229

black transverse spot at the end of the cell. Cilia yellowish white. Hindwings
silvery white with jellowish cilia. .-Vbilomen light silvery yellow. Legs silvery
yellow with dark tarsal nnnulations.

Alar expanse: 11-14 mm.

Habitat: Olancha. Inya Co., and La Puerta Valley, California.

Type and cotypes in Collection Biirnes ; cotypcs in U. S. National Musenm
(No. 22660).

A bright easily recognized little species allied to Gclecliia abdom-
inella Busck and G. coticola P.usck.

Gei.echia benitella, n. sp.

Second joint of labial palpi light yellow, terminal joint blackish brown with
extreme base and tip yellow. Face and head light yellow. Thorax dark black-
ish brown with a broad central longitudinal yellow stripe. Forewings dark
purplish brown; a light yellow streak from basal fifth of costa curves down-
wards and outwards along the fold and then upwards, ending at the end of the
cell ; it is partially edged with black scales ; a light yellow triangular costal spot
at apical fourth. Cilia purplish fuscous. Hindwings light fuscous. Abdomen
dark fuscous with yellowish base and underside. Legs purplish black with nar-
row yellow tarsal annulations. Venation typical ; hindwings with 3 and 4 con-
nate, 6 and 7 closely approximate.

Alar expanse : 12-13 mm.

Habitat : San Benito, Texas.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes ; cotypes in V. S. National Museum
(No. 22661).

Probably nearest to Gclecliia inacqualis Busck. The pattern re-
minds somewhat of Tclphitsa longifasciclla Clemens.

Gelechia rectistrigeli,a, n. sp.

Labial palpi long, thin, second joint but slightly thickened by a short even
brush, furrowed in its entire length; terminal joint nearly as long as second,
white sprinkled with black and brown scales. Lower part of face whitish, upper
part of face and head light ochreous. Thorax white evenly sprinkled with dark
brown. Forewings white with the venation nearly perfectly outlined by thin
dark brown lines; on the middle of costa a narrow blackish brown edge, ter-
minating at apical third in a small whitish dash ; on the end of the cell a small
round black dot. Cilia light reddish fuscous, sprinkled with black. Hindwings
dark fuscous with ochreous fuscous cilia. Abdomen light ochreous with whitish
underside. Legs whitish, heavily shaded exteriorly with black ; tarsi black with
very narrow ochreous annulations at the base of the joints.

Alar expanse : 20 mm.

Habitat: West Riverside, California.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22662).

230

Of the group strigella Busck and figurella Busck, and intermediate
in size and pattern but very distinct from either.

Gelechia psiloptera, n. sp.

Second joint of labial palpi light yellow, much sprinkled with black ex-
teriorly ; terminal joint black with a few scattered yellow scales. Face, head
and thorax shiny blackish brown with a purple sheen. Forewings to the naked
eye shiny blackish brown, nearly black; under a lens it is seen that the black
tipped, closely applied scales have light yellow bases and that the wing thereby
is finely dusted with yellow; at apical third is a small indistinct and diffused
yellowish costal spot, an inconspicuous purplish black spot at the end of the
cell, another on the middle of the cell and a third below this latter on the fold;
in some specimens these spots are hardly discernible or absent. Cilia blackish
fuscous. Hindwings dark fuscous with cilia a shade lighter. Abdomen blackish
brown. Legs light brown with dusky tarsi.

Alar expanse: 16-17 mm.

Habitat : Meach Lake, Ottawa Co., Quebec, Canada.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22663).

A shiny nearly black species with rather narrow pointed wings.

DiCHOMERIS MOLLIS, n. sp.

Tuft on second joint of labial palpi well developed, pointed, ochreous on
the inner side, blackish brown exteriorly except for a thin w4iite line on the
upper edge; terminal joint ochreous with white base and with a longitudinal
black line in front. Face, head and thorax ochreous fuscous. Forewings light
ochreous fuscous sprinkled with black ; costal edge narrowly and faintly touched
with brick red ; a small inconspicuous second discal spot at the end of the cell
white, edged with black; a similar even less conspicuous dot, consisting of a few
scales on the middle of the cell; a very faint row of black dots on the terminal
edge, which is slightly darker than the rest of the wing; cilia ochreous fuscous
mixed with black. Hindwings light fuscous with ochreous fuscous cilia. Abdo-
men ochreous fuscous above, underside blackish with a central longitudinal
broad ochreous line. Legs blackish fuscous on their outer surfaces, light
ochreous on their inner side.

Alar expanse : 19-21 mm.

Habitat: Redington, Arizona.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. S. N;itional Museum
(No. 22664).

This is very close to and may prove merely a western variety of
D. georgicUa Walker (roseocostella Walsingham), but the tuft on the
labial palpi is longer and more pointed and the forewings are nar-
rower and more imiformly colored than in the eastern species.

231

OECOPHORIDAE

Agonopteryx callosei.la, n. sp. PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 4.

Labial palpi with well developed brush, decreasing in length towards base
and apex: terminal joint slightly thickened with scales anteriorly; light ochreous;
second joint shaded exteriorly with black; terminal joint with a faint annula-
tion on the middle and with extreme tip black. Face light ochreous. Head and
thorax reddish ochreous. Forewings reddish ochreous, sparsely sprinkled with
black; first and second discal spots small, deep black; n faint small blackish
cloud anterior to and above second discal spot; a faint row of terminal black
dots; cilia reddish ochreous with a purple sheen. Hindwings light ochreous
fuscous with whitish fuscous cilia. Abdomen ochreous with four longitudinal
rows of black dots on the underside. Legs ochreous with ill-defined black tarsal
anniilations.

Alar expanse: 19-23 mm.

Habitat: San Diego, San Bernardino Co. and Monachee ^feadows
(8000'), California.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22665).

Agonopteryx ptele.^e. n. sp. PI. XXVIII. Fi,cr. 13, PI. XXXVIII,

Fig. 1.

Brush on second joint of labial palpi largest in the middle, shorter towards
base and apex, furrowed, light ochreous, sprinkled with black and brown ex-
teriorly; terminal joint ochreous with broad ill-defined black annulation before
the tip. Face light silvery ochreous. Head reddish ochreous. Thorax dark
ochreous, mottled with brown and black scales; extreme posterior tip black.
Forewings light ochreous brown with black markings ; extreme dorsal base
whitish ochreous, broadly edged with black; a series of ill-defined black dots
on costal edge from base to apical third; at apical third a large blackish ill-
defined spot, reaching down to the end of the cell; an indistinct series of
terminal black dots along the edge; first and second discal spots small, black,
the latter obscured in the large costal spot; cilia ochreous brown; the entire
wing and especially the costal edge with a roughened aspect, because the scales
are slightly raised, not firmly pressed down as is normal in the genus. Hind-
wings light ochreous fuscous; base and cilia a shade lighter than the rest
of the wing. Abdomen light ochreous brown with two ill-defined longitudinal
rows of black scales on the underside. Legs ochreous brown, barred and an-
nulated with blackish brown.

Alar expanse: 20-22 mm.

Habitat: Decatur, Illinois.

Food plant : Ptelea trifuliata.

232

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypcs in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22666).

Bred in a fine large series from Hoplree together with A. nlgri-
notella Biisck, by Dr. J. H. McDiinnough.

The species reminds by the roughened scales of A. scabclla Zel-
ler and is nearest to this species, but easily distinguished from all
described N. Am. species by the striking black, nearly circular costal
spot.

Agonopteryx terinella, n. sp. PI. XXVIII, Fig. 15.

Second joint of labial palpi with moderate evenly rounded divided brush ;
light ochreous sprinkled with black exteriorly ; terminal joint slightly thickened
with scales, light ochreous with two pale blackish brown broad annulations at
base and around middle and with extreme tip black. Face silver}' ochreous.
Head and thorax light ochreous. Forewings light ochreous, sprinkled with
blackish brown ; the scarcely paler ochreous basal and costal area is limited by
a dark brown shade; on the middle of the cell are two obliquely placed small
blackish brown dots ; a similar second discal spot at the end of the cell is
preceded by a small dusky area on the upper part of the cell ; a series of obscure
small brown costal spots and a more pronounced and better defined row of
terminal marginal spots. Cilia light ochreous. Hindwings pale ochreous fuscous
with whitish ochreous cilia. Abdomen ochreous fuscous above; underside ochre-
ous with two longitudinal rows of black dots.

Alar expanse: 23-24 mm.

Habitat: Silverton, Colorado

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotvpes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22667).

Agonopteryx blaceli.a, n. sp. PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 2.

Brush on second joint trumpet shaped, gradually larger towards apex;
light ochreous gray, dusted with black exteriorly; terminal joint light ochreous
with two ill-defined black annulations, one near base and one near apex and
with extreme apex black. Face silvery ochreous. Head and thorax blackish
fuscous, the latter with a small posterior bifid tuft of raised scales. Fore-
wings dark ochreous fuscous, slightly sprinkled with single black scales; dorsal
half of extreme base whitish ochreous, edged exteriorly with black; a series
of small ill-defined black dots on basal third of costa ; two obliquely placed
small tufts of black scales on the middle of the cell, the outer one edged with
a few yellowish scales, followed by a cloudy area at the upper edge of the cell,
somewhat darker than the rest of the wing; second discal spot indistinct, white,
circular and edged with black scales ; midway between first and second discal spot
a minute yellowish dot; a faintly indicated series of blackish dots around apical
and terminal edge ; sometimes a small faint dark cloud before tornus ; cilia
concolorous with the wing. Hindwings shiny light ochreous fuscous with

233

whitish fuscous cilia. Abdomen dark fuscous above; underside light ochreous
with four longitudinal rows of black dots, which are more or less confluent
in the males. Legs light ochreous, shaded Exteriorly with blackish brown.

Alar expanse : 19-24 mm.

Habit.\t: Shasta Retreat and Truckee, California.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22068).

Agonopteryx latipalpella, n. sp.

Second joint of labial palpi with strong, evenly rounded, divided brush;
light ochreous, sprinkled with single black scales; apical joint heavily thick-
ened with scales nearly to the tip, light ochreous with an ill-defined black
annulation at base and a similar one on the middle. Face, head and thora.x
ochreous fuscous. Collar narrowly black. Forewings light fuscous ochreous,
sparsely sprinkled with black; extreme base light ochreous, edged with black;
the light shade continues faintly along the costa, hardly paler than the rest
of the wing; a series of black cloudy costal spots; a small, easily obliterated,
white first discal spot with a more persistent black basal edge; a larger round
white second discal dot encircled by black scales; cilia ochreous. Hind wings
ochreous fuscous with lighter ochreous cilia. Abdomen fuscous above, under-
side ochreous with two black longitudinal lines.

Alar expanse : 17-19 mm.

Habitat: Brownsville and San Benito, Texas.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. S. Xalional Museum
(No. 22669).

Depressaria groteella Robinson.

1870, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., IX, p. 157, PI, I, Fig. 10.

Depressaria synitnochlota Meyrick.

1918, Exot. Micros. Vol. II. p. 223.

The larva of Depressaria groteella Robinson feeds on Corylus and
has apparently been redescribed by Meyrick as D. symmochlota. A
bred series from Sebec Lake. Maine, exhibits some variation especially
in size and in the more or less obscure angulated thin fascia across the
veins of the forewings but agrees in every detail with Meyrick's de-
scription and his name may with advantage be placed as a synonym
of Robinson's species provisionally at least until an examination of the
unique type in England can be made.

We take occasion to point out the inconvenience of descriptions
from single specimens of American Microlepidoptera by European
authors, such as those by Mr. Meyrick in the same paper (Exot.

234

Micros, \'ol. II, ]i. Z2.\ 1918) of two I'frprcssaria from Colorado.
Everybody knows that iIktu are additional undescribed species of
Dcprcssaria in Colorado and the merest beginner can easily describe
such from stray specimens in his possession ; such descriptions how-
ever are not advancing our knowledge, but retarding it. It is impos-
sible to determine such a species with certainty from even the best
description in a group of so many and so closely similar species as
Agotiopteryx and Dcprcssaria, at least not without a most careful
figure of the moth and its genitalia, and our exact knowledge of such
insect is therefore suspended until someone can go to England and
compare specimens with the unicjue type in !\lr. Meyrick's private
collection.

This kind of work was excusable and even defensible fifty years
ago, when the American fauna was little known and when every au-
thorative determination extended our knowledge of geographical dis-
tribution, if nothing more. It may again become of value, when the
fauna eventually shall be so well known as it is in Europe, when any
deviating variety described can easily be recognized and assigned to
its proper position as species or variety as the case may be, but at the
present time, when we are struggling with many as yet unrecognized
described species and are trying to acquire sound knowledge of our
fauna through the collection of large series and careful breeding, any
stray description from "Colorado, 7000 feet, one specimen," is a hind-
rance pure and simple to our knowledge, not an advance as a descrip-
tion should be.

Colorado has an area of over 100,000 square miles, more than
England and .Scotland together, and it has a thousand ditTerent locali-
ties of 7000 feet altitude. Mow would Mr. Meyrick consider a locality
for a new species given as ; Great Britain, without indication whether
it came from Cornwall or Aberdeen ? It is a regrettable fact that the
most of the "unrecognized" species in our American lists and empty
spaces in our American collections are no longer those of Chambers,
whose many insufficiently described species hitherto have been our
main difficulty, but are those of our eminent colleague in England,
whose genius and indefatigable diligence has advanced the knowledge
of the world's inicro-fauna more than any other past or present worker
and to whom the American student otherwise is greatly indebted for
his continued liberal assistance.

235

We have siuli profound and often expressed admiration for our
eminent English friend that we trust no offense can be provoked b)'
our earnest desire not to see him spasmodically descend to the level
of his, often undeservedly, abused countryman, Francis Walker, and
without his excuse.
BoRKHAUSENiA HAVDENELLA, Chambers. PI, XXXVIII, Fig. 5.

Blepharocera Iiaydenella, Chambers.

1877, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., Ill, p. 145.

Chambersia liaydeiiclla, Riley.

1908, Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.. Vol. XXXV, p. 187.

1917, Barnes, List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 6503.

This species which has remained unrecognized since its descrip-
tion in 1877 from a unique specimen from Colorado in spite of consid-
erable effort to place it, is now definitely determined and we are able
to dispose of the long standing empty generic name Chambersia Riley.
The credit for this interesting identification is entirely due to our
friend Dr. J. H. McDunnough. who collected and determined three
male specimens at Silverton, Colorado. We have carefully gone over
the generic and specific characters and find it to be a very distinct spe-
cies of the genus Borkhausenia.

It is generically identical in all respects with the Australian genus
Crossophora Meyrick, which was separated from Borkhausenia only
by the somewhat longer ciliation of the male antennae, a character
also found in our N. Am. B. ascriptrlla Rusck and as already stated
(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXX\', p. 204. 1908) a character which
can not be maintained as of generic value.

236

STENOMIDAE

The family Stenomidae is the prevalent family of Microlepidop-
tera in Central and South America and comprises there many hun-
dred species of remarkable specific diversity in color, size and shape,
but with little generic differentiation.

North of the Rio Grande the family is represented only by the
few species tabulated below.

The family can be recognized by the following characters: Labia!
palpi long recurved, second joint smooth, terminal joint pointed. Male
antennae ciliate, female antennae simple ; no pecten on first antennal
joint. Forewings with 12 veins (sometimes 11 by veins 2 and 3
united) ; apical veins separate (in one small central American genus
8 and 9 stalked) ; 7 separate to termen or apex (in one south American
genus, Gonioterma, vein 8 also to termen) ; 2-3 and 4 variable in posi-
tion, sometimes even within the species, separate, connate or stalked ;
2 and 3 sometimes coincident. Hindwings broader than the forewings
with rounded termen ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 3 and 4 connate, stalked or co-
incident ; 5 approximate to, connate or stalked with 4. Posterior tibiae
hairy above. Male genitalia with peculiar spatulate, forked hairs, so
far as I know, not found in any other family of Microlepidoptera.

The male genitalia of the Microlepidoptera present most val-
uable characters for the classification and each family type of these
organs can rarely be confused with those of any other family. Nor-
mally the genus is also well characterized by the genitalia and with the
exception of a few groups (Coleophoridae and Sesiidac), in which a
remarkable uniformity is found, the specific identity is nearly always
clearly expressed in the male genitalia, if nowhere else then in the
armature of the penis. Several hundred slides made during the last
year by Mr. Carl Heinrich and myself prove beyond adventure, that
we shall eventually be able to determine with certainty any Micro-
lepidopteron (possibly with the above mentioned few group excep-
tions) by its genitalia alone.

The specific characters in these organs are commonly so striking
as to afford much easier and surer differentiation between closely
allied species than the wing coloration and this fact makes the geni-

237

talia of particular value in the determination of the specific identity or
non-identity of closely allied forms in different continents or faunal
areas, and of the various forms in species, which exhibit great variety
in color and wing pattern. Differences of opinion as to the identity or
non-identity of such forms may at once be changed from individual
speculation to scientific certainty by a comparison of the male genitalia
of the forms in question. The structure of the male genitalia is nor-
mally too intricate for successful photographic reproduction and really
satisfactory figures must be drawn under the specialists' close super-
vision ; but in very many cases can the species be definitely recognized
from a good photograph of its male genitalia alone and it has been
deemed worth while to so illustrate in this paper examples of various
forms in the different micro-families in the hope to stimulate further
study and more perfect illustration of these absorbingly interesting
organs, which will give much new light and aid to the proper classifi-
cation of the Microlepidoptera.

We like to call attention to the fact that Lord Walsingham first
used these organs for specific differentiation in the present family
thirty years ago (Insect Life, Vol. II, 1889) and that his few simple
genitalia characters then given for his new species in the genus
Stenoma enable their recognition.

Incidentally it may be stated that the genus Mcncsta Clemens,
which Walsingham at that time considered allied to Stenoma and the
relationship of which has since been in dispute and of some uncer-
tainty, due to the reduced and superficially Stcnomid-Wkt venation, is
conclusively proven by its genitalia not to be a Stenomid but a Gelechid.

Only two genera of this family is at present recognized from
North America north of Mexico ; they may be separated as follows :
Forewings with 11 veins; 2 and 3 coincident: Hindwings, with 7 veins;

3 and 4 coincident Mcitcsloinorpha Walsingham

Forewings with 12 veins; Hindwings witli 8 veins Stenoma Zeller

Genus Menestomorph.\ Walsingham.

1907, Proc. U. -S. Nat. Museum, \"ol. NNXIII, p. 214.

Type : :!/. oblongata Wlsm.

Forewings with 11 veins; 7 to apex; 2 and .3 coincident, stalked
with 4. Hindwings with 7 veins ; 3 and 4 coincident, connate with 5.

Only one species is at present recognized.

238

^Ienestomorpiia oblongata Walsingliam. PI. XXX, Fig. 8.

Reared from Cynipid gall on Oak, Fort Grant, Arizona.
Genus Stenoma Zeller.

1839, Isis, p. 195.

Type : 5". litura, Zeller.

Forewings with 12 veins ; 7 to terincn or apex ; 2 and 3 separate,
connate or stalked ; 4 free. Hindwings with 8 veins ; 3 and 4 connate
or stalked ; 6 and 7 stalked.

The species at present recognized in North America may be sep-
arated as follows :

Forewings not unicolored 1

Forewings unicolored or nearly so, with only second discal spot darker 7

1 Uncus simple 2

Uncus forked 6

2 Forewings with costa white 3

Forewings with costa not white Iiumilis Zeller

3 Forewings with faint longitudinal ochreous lines crumbitclla Wlsm.

Forewings without longitudinal lines 4

4 Forewings with pronounced black second discal spots ircnc Busck

Forewings without defined spot at end of cell 5

5 Forewings with dorsal dark area interrupted at apical tliird ; left clasp-

ing organ of $ genitalia forked schlaegeri Zeller

Forewings with dorsal dark area continued beyond apical third ; left

clasping organ of 3 genitalia simple lindseyi Busck

6 Forewings narrow, pointed; termen very oblique: Hindwings, triangu-

lar pointed furcata Wlsm.

Forewings broader, rounded; termen less oblique; Hindwings rounded

algidclla Walker

7 Ground color of forewings white 8

Ground color not white 9

8 Forewings pure white with black second discal spots vcstalis Zeller

Forewings yellowish white without discal spots thomasi Busck

9 Forewings dark brown dccoraseUa Busck

Forewings grayish or ochremis stone colored 10

10 Forewings ochreous unij^unctclta Clemens

Forewings grayish 11

11 Forewings with apex pointed; with single black dot at the end of the

cell mistrella Busck

Forewings with apex rounded; with two black dots at end of cell 12

12 Occurring in Eastern or Central States qucrciella Busck

Described from California osscclla Wlsm.

239

This last species, 5". osseella IValsingham, is known only from the
two female types in Zeller's collection, now in the British Museum,
supposed to have come from California. By the description it cannot
be differentiated froin the eastern S. qiierciclla Busck, and it may ulti-
mately prove that this name is a synonym of osseella, but to this date
no specimen of querciella has been received from California; in fact,
tho very considerable collecting has been done of late years on the
west coast no species of Stenonia has been obtained west of the Rocky
Mountains and the family is apparently not represented there. I am
therefore inclined to doubt the locality given to the Zeller specimens,
which may prove to come from central or South America.

All the North American species of Stenoma may readily be deter-
mined by their striking characters of the male genitalia shown on
plates XXIX and XXX.

Stenoma lindseyi, n. sp. PI. XXIX, Fig. 2.

Closely allied to and very similar in size and color to Stenoma schlaegeri,
of which it is the western representative; but the forewings are somewhat
longer, narrower and more pointed and the dark dorsal area, which in schlaegeri
is interrupted by white shortly beyond the middle of the wing, is continued to
tornus. Hindwings of the males dark brownish or blackish fuscous, very con-
siderably darker than those of schlaegeri. The genitalia of the male are nearest
to those of schlaegeri, asymmetrical and with uncus simple as in this species,
but with the left antlerlike organ hooked, not forked and with a differently
shaped oedeagus.

Alar expanse : 25-28 mm.

Habitat: Paradise and White Mts., Arizona; Fort Wingate, New Mexico.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotvpes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22670).

Named in honor of Dr. A. W. Lindsey, who in many ways has
materially assisted in the preparation of this paper and who has been
good enough to draw the genitalia for this family, which were found
to be uiisuited for photographic reproduction.

Stenoma irene, n. sp. PI. XXVIII, Fig. 7. 9; PI. XXX, Fig. I.

Labial palpi white, slightly shaded with dark fuscous exteriorly. Face and
head white. Thorax dark fuscous with a proportionately large bluish black
rounded posterior tuft. Forewings of the females white with the extreme base
of dorsal edge dark fuscous, a conspicuous deep black short transverse streak
on the end of the cell; a faint, ill-defined fuscous shade below this to tornus;
a very faint narrow transverse, outwardly curved, fuscous line across apical

240

part of the wing; in some specimens a cloudy spot on the middle of dorsum
Cilia white. The males have entire basal fifth of the wing blackish brown and
have besides the pattern of the female additional cloudj- ill-defined, more or
less transverse areas on the middle of the wing and across apical third; also
an interrupted line of small black marginal dots. Hindwings light whitish fus-
cous. Anterior legs dark brown on their outer side ; other legs white with dusky
tarsi.

Alar expanse : 19-20 mm.

Habitat : Brownsville and San Benito, Texas.

Type and cotvpes in Collection Barnes; cotvpes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22671).

Intermediate in color between S. algidella Walker and 5". vcslalis
Zeller, smaller than either, and differing from both in the single simple
uncus and by the dark basal area of the forcwings in the male.

Named in honor of Mrs. Winifred Irene Lindscy.
Stenoma thomasi, n. sp. PI. XXX, Fig. 5.

Labial palpi, face, head, thorax and forewings yellowish creamy white
without any markings. Hindwings pale yellowish white with cilia pure wliite.
Abdomen creamy white. Legs white with dusky tarsal joints.

Alar expanse: 21-24 mm.

Habitat: Palmerlee, Paradise and H\iachuca Mts., Arizona; .Mbuqucrque,
New Mexico.

Type and cotypcs in Collection Barnes; cotvpes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22672).

Nearest in size and color to Stenoma crambitella Walsingham, but
without the indistinct longitudinal markings and the minute second
discal spot of this species; also very distinct in the male genitalia;
(compare Figs. 5 and 7, PI. XXX); the attenuated cleft uncus dis-
tinguishes this species from all described North American species of
the genus.

241

ETHMIIDAE

The North American species of this family have been carefully
studied anew with the advantage of very large series of nearly all of
them; several were hitherto known from a few or single representa-
tives. All but one of the described species are figured on Plates XX\'I
and XXVII. We are under obligation to Rev. Joseph de Gryse of
Staunton, \'irginia, for the drawings which are photographed on Plate
XXVI. The genitalia are shown on Plates XXXI\', XXXV and
XXXVI.

The value of the genitalia in this family was first demonstrated
by Dr. Harrison G. Dyar in his revisional paper (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc,
\'ol. X. p. 202-208, 1902) and his descriptions of these organs readily
enable the recognition of most of the species. A few species, sus-
pected by him to be synonyms, have proven to be so by further study
and the synonymy is given below.

The genitalia of this family demonstrates clearly the value as
well as the limitations of photographic reproduction of these organs.
Some species exhibit an extraordinary diversity of these structures,
which can readily be recognized from a photograph, while other un-
doubtedlv distinct species have attained or retained a most remarkable
similarity in these highly developed structures, which is apt to confuse
in a study of the photographs if not accompanied by a careful com-
parison of the actual organs under the microscope.

Ethmi.\ .\RCTOST.\riiYLELLA Walsingham. PI. XXVI, Figs. 10-11-12;

PI. XXXIV, Fig. 6.

1880, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 88.
n. syns :

Ethinia obscitrcUa Ceutenmuller.

1888, Ent. Amer., Vol. IV, p. 29.

Etitinia mcdiella Busck.

1913, Jour. Ent. & Zool., Vol. V, p. 99.

Large series clearly indicate that these names stand only for va-
rieties of one species, which grade into each other. The genitalia are

242

identical (PI. XXXIV, Fig. 6). The names may with atlvantage be
retained for the extreme varieties.

Ethmia DiSLOSTKifiELLA Chambers. PI. XXVI. Fig. 14; PI. XXVII.
Fig. 10; PI. XXXIV, Fig. 9.

1877, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. Ill, p. 122.
n. syn:

Ethmia subcaerulea Walsingham.

1880, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 89.

Very large series of discostrigella show considerable variation and
all gradations to the form described by Walsingham are found. The
genitalia are identical.

Ethmia apicipunctella Chambers. PI. XXVI, Fig. 15 ; PI. XXXVI,

Fig. 7.

1875. Can. Ent., Vol. VII, p. 8.
n. syn :

Ethmia zavalla Busck.

1915. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. XVII, p. 84.

PI. XXVI, Fig. 15; PI. XXXVI, Fig. 7.

Large series prove this synonym beyond question. The genitalia
of the species are shown on PI. XXXVI, Fig. — .
Ethmia hagenella Chambers. PI. XXVII, Figs. 7, 8; PI. XXXV,

Fig. 4.

1878, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, p. 80.
n. syn :

Ethmia josephinella Dyar.
1902, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, X, p. 205.

The two forms of pattern grade into each other and represent
only one species; the genitalia are shown PI. XXXV, Fig. 4.

Ethmia geranella. n. sp. PI. XXVII, Fig. 3; PI. XXXIV, Fig. 7.
Labial palpi whitish gray, sprinkled with black; second joint with a broad
ill-defined black annulation near the tip; terminal joint with a narrow ill-defined
annulation near the base and another near apex. Face and head whitish
strongly overlaid with black and dark brown scales. Thorax blackish with a
few white scales intermixed and with the tips of patagia white. Forewings
narrow, apex pointed, termen very oblique; bluish white overlaid with dark
brown scales; a broad longitudinal streak through the middle of the wing from

243

base to apex of black, brown and yellow scales is interrupted at the end of tlie
cell by an oblique pure white dash; cilia bluish white, mixed with gray and black.
Hindwings fuscous white with purer white cilia. Abdomen whitish fuscous.
Legs blackish, sprinkled with white ami with narrow white tarsal annulations.

Alar expanse : 21-22 mm.

Habitat : La Puerta Valley, South California.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22673).

Very similar and closely allied to the eastern Etiimia viacelhosi-
ella, Busck, with same pattern less boldly outlined, differing in the
whitish hindwings and the smaller size. The male genitalia also show
good distinguishing characters (PI. XXXIV, Fig. 7).

244

COLEOPHORIDAE

COLEOPHORA KEARFOTTELLA, 11. sp.

Labial palpi without projecting tuft, smooth; both joints somewhat thick-
ened with scales ; terminal joint blunt, white. Antennae vvitli basal joint en-
larged with heavy scaling and the following two joints also somewhat thick-
ened, white with black annulations. Face silvery white. Head light golden
ochreous. Thorax white. Forewings light golden ochreous, the color becoming
gradually deeper towards apex, which is golden brown ; a broad margin along
costa from base to beyond apical fifth silvery white; dorsal edge from base
to cilia narrowly silvery white; a thin silvery white line along the fold from base
to the middle of the wing; the space between these latter two white lines is very
pale golden yellow; dorsal cilia whitish; apical cilia golden ochreous. Hind-
wings light silvery fuscous. Abdomen dusky white above, silvery white on the
underside. Legs white.

Alar expanse: 11-12 mm.

Habitat: Essex Co., N. Jersey.

Foodplant : Salix.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotypes in \J. S, National Museum
(No. 22674).

Named in honor of our late friend W. D. Kearfott, who bred this
interesting species and had it set apart as probably new.

The case is curiously made of silk and budscales of the foodplant
into a rough, irregular, very deceiving cover, nearly as broad as long,
somewhat flattened and with the edges of the budscales protruding;
mouth at a very oblique angle, nearly horizontal. The species is near
to Coleophora cretaticostclla, Clemens, but of a darker, more reddish
yellow color and at once distinguished by its case ; it resembles also
the Californian C. accordclla. Walsingham, but is much smaller and
paler.

B.ATRACiiEDRA KNABi Walsingham. PI. XXXVII, Fig. 4.

1909 and 1914, Biol. Cent. Am., Vol. IV, pp. 9 and 320 PI. I, Fig. 8.

1912, Busck. Smithsonian Misc. Coll , Vol. LIX, p. 2.

This interesting and striking species, known hitherto from the
unique female type in U. S. National Museum from Cordova, Mexico,
has been recognized in good series of both sexes from Brownsville,
Texas, and from Paradise, Cochise Co., Arizona. Specimens in U. S.
National Museum and in Collection Barnes.

245

HELIODINIDAE

Heliodines ciccella, n. sp.

Labial palpi golden yellow with dusky tip. Face and head dark purplish
brown. Antennae brown. Collar yellowish. Thorax dark lead color. Fore-
wings light golden reddish ochreous; six nearly equidistant metallic, silvery blue
costal spots; the first at extreme base, all edged basally with black; the middle
pair connected or nearly so with black scales on their lower edge ; the outer
pair likewise connected by a line of black and sometimes with the metallic
color partly fused; five very uneven metallic dorsal spots; the first narrow
along basal fifth of dorsum, narrowly edged above with black; the second
small, round, edged basally with black and with a few black scales on its outer
side; the third and largest elongate, occupies the middle of dorsum and is edged
with black basally; the fourth at base of cilia similar to but a little larger than
the second and also edged with black basally; the fifth a narrow silvery line
along terman edged above with black; on the middle of the cell is a narrow
longitudinal silvery spot, enlarged upward basally and sometimes connected
with the third costal spot. Cilia dark greenish fuscous. Hindwings blackish
brown with a purple sheen. Cilia blackish fuscous. Abdomen and legs dark
purplish brown.

Alar expanse: 16-17 mm.

Habitat: Palmerlee, Arizona.

Type and cotypes in Collection Rarues ; cotvpes in U. S. National Museum
(No 22675).

246

PLUTELLIDAE

Plutfxla armoraciae Busck.

1913, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., XIY. p. 219.
n. syn :

Plutella monocldora Meyrick.

1914, Exot. Micros. I, p. 228.

Suspecting that Mr. Meyrick might have redescribed the Colorado
horseradish pest as P. monochlora, the writer sent him cotypes of
P. armoraciae in 1914 for comparison with the unique type of mono-
chlora, described from Colorado. 5000 feet alt.

Mr. Meyrick immediately recognized it as his species and wrote
me to that effect. It is due to an oversight on the writer's part, that
the two names were placed separately in Barnes' List Lep. Bor. Am.
as Nos. 7676 and 7682.

Harpipteryx xylostella Linne. PI. XXYIII, Fig. 12.

This well known European species has been identified from North
Eastern United States and has been bred by Mr. S. A. Shaw at Hamp-
ton, New Hampshire, from Honeysuckle (Loniccre) , the same food-
plant as recorded in Europe.

The species is close to and nearly identical in the pattern of the
forewing to our western //. dcntifcrella Walsingham, but is at once
distinguished from it by the dark brown hindwings. The shape of
the harps in the male genitalia of xylostella is somewhat more elongate
oval with the costal and dorsal margins nearly parallel, while in denti-
fcrclla these organs are ovate and broader; otherwise the structures
are very similar, compare Figs. 1 and 2, PI. XXXIX. //. fnistrella
Walsingham and H. canariella Walsingham, must be considered only
forms of H. dentifcrella; the genitalia in the three forms are identical;
but the names may with advantage be retained for the different ex-
treme wing-patterns, tho somewhat intermediate varieties occur.

247

Trachoma falciferella Walsingham.

1881. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 307.
n. .syn :

Cerostoma ordiiialis Meyrick.

1914, Exot. Micros. I, p. 227.

A large series of Trachoma falciferella from Mt. Shasta and from
Wellington, Brit. Col., in all stages of preservation show a consider-
able variation in markings and will easily inclnde Meyrick's ordinal'is,
described from a single specimen from Wellington, Brit. Col.

248

ELACHISTIDAE

COELOPOETA BALDELLA, n. sp.

Palpi, head and thorax white. Antennae white witli black annulations.
Forewings white more or less suffused with golden ochreous and in some speci-
mens dark brown, scattered scales, mostly on the outer half of the wing. Some
specimens are nearly unmottlcd white except for a small suffused area below the
end of the cell on which the darker scales persist. Cilia white sprinkled with
ochreous. Hindwings and cilia white on the upper surface. Underside of both
wings dark fuscous, contrasting strongly with the white upper surface of the
male. Legs white sprinkled with dark fuscous. Abdomen silvery white.

Alar expanse, 10-14 mm.

Habitat: Camp Baldy, Bernardino Co., California.

Type and cotypes in Collection Barnes; cotvpes in U. S. National Museum
(No. 22676).

A very large series, more than one hundred specimens, shows this
species to be very close to the type of the genus Coelopocta gliitinosi
Walsingham, but much lighter in color than the large series of cotypes
sent to the National Museum by Lord Walsingham. The description
of C. glntinosi however would include the present species and it is pos-
sible that Lord Walsingham had a mixed series before him. Exam-
ination of the genitalia prove these to be of a simple primitive type
without much specific differentiation but sufficient to indicate that the
two species are distinct and not merely varieties.

The genus Coelopoeta is intermediate between Elacliista Auct
and Cygnodia Herrick-Schaefifer, correlated with or derived from the
latter.

250

PLATE XXVI

Fig. I. Ethmia albitogata Wlsm.

Fig. 2. Ethmia coquillcttcUa Busck.

Fig. 3. Ethmia umbrimarginclla Busck.

Fig. 4. Ethmia hisscnclla Busck.

Fig. 5. Ethmia albistrigclla Wlsm.

Fig. 6. Ethmia monachclla Busck.

Fig. 7. Ethmia caliginosella Busck.

Fig. 8. Ethmia fuscipcdella Wlsm.

Fig. 9. Ethmia inonticola Wlsm.

Fig. 10. Ethmia arctostafihylclla mediella Busck.

Fig. 11. Ethmia arclostaphylella Wlsm.

Fig. 12. Ethmia arctostaphylella obscurelia Beut.

Fig. 13. f.tlimia semitenebrella Dyar.

Fig. 14. Etiiinia discoslrigella Cham.

Fig. IS. Etiimia apiciftvncteUa Cham.

Fig. 16. Ethmia pratticlh Busck.

Fig. 17. Tamarrlia delliclla Fern.

Fig. IS. Tamarrlia hittcnctla Busck.

I'l.ATF. XWI

<K

13

14

IS

^<%

18

252

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig-

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fig.

10.

Fig.

11.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13.

Fig.

14.

Fig.

IS.

PLATE XXVII

Elhmia imicelliosicHa Busck. S . Plummcr's Id., Md.

Elliiiiia iiiaccllwsiclln Busck. 9. Plummcr's Id., Md.

Etlnnia gerancHa B. & B. Cotype $. La Puerta Valley, S. Cal.

Etlimia >narnwrea Wlsm. Chimney Gulch, Colo.

Ethmia semiliigens 2ell.

Ethmia 7nirusella Cham. 9 ■ Aweme, Man.

Etlimia hagenclla Cham. Burnet Co., Tex.

Ethmia Iiagenella joscphinclla Dyar. Mesilla, N. M.

Etlimia seniiomhra Dyar. Cotype. Brownsville, Tex.

Ethmia discostrigella snhcacrulca Wlsm. Cotype. Blue Lake, Lake

Co.,' Cal. (Wlsm.. 1871.)
Elhmia zcllericlla Cham. S . Decatur, III.

Etlimia confusella Wlk. San Francisco Mts., San Domingo. W. I.
Ethmia corancUa Dyar. $. Kerrville, Tex.
Ethmia longimacittella Cham. 9. Montreal.
Ethmia apicipunrtrlla Cham. 9. San Benito, Tex.

I'l.ATK X.W'll

254

PLATE XXVIII

Fig. 1. Tortrix carnana B. & B. Cotype $■ Camp Baldy, San Bernardino

Mts, Cal.
Spargaiwlhis macliimiana B. & B. Type 9 . Paradise, Ariz.
Sparganothis umhrana B. & B. Type $. Denver, Colo.
Platynota viridana B. & B. Type $. Dewey, Ariz.
Hysterosia perspicuana B. & B. Type 9 . Paradise, Cochise Co.,

Ariz.
Hysterosia ranariana B. & B. Type S. Wliite Mts., Ariz.
Stenoma Irene B. & B. Cotype $ . San Benito, Tex.
Batrachcdra knabi Wlsm. 9 . Kerrville. Tex.
Stenoma irene B. & B. Type $. Brownsville, Tex.
Anacampsis psornlielh B. & B. Type 3. Sioux City, la.
Psacaphorcj cdithella B. & B. Type S . Chimney Gulch, Golden,

Colo.
Harpiptcryx xylostella Linn. European. U. S. N. M.
Agonopteryx pteleac B. & B. Cotype $. Decatur, 111.
Heliodines eiccella B. & B. Cotype. Palmerlee, Ariz.
Agonopteryx terinella B. & B. Cotype. Silverton, Colo.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fig.

10

Fig.

11.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13.

Fig.

14.

Fig.

15.

I'l.ATI. X.W 111

1

"^■^i. -«■■■■■■

m

^

%w

256

PLATE XXIX

Male eenitalia

Fig. 1. Stenoma schlaegeri Zell.

Fig. 2. Stenoma tindseyi B. & B.

Fig. 3. Stenoma unifunciclla Clem.

Fig. 4. Stenoma algidella VVlk.

Fig. S. Stenoma querciella Hiisck.

Fig. 6. Stenoma deeorella Busck.

I'lATK XXIX

258

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

PLATE XXX

Male genitalia

Stenoma Irene B. & B.
Stciwiiia huinitis Zell.
Stenoma furcaia WIsm.
Stenoma vestalis Zell.
Stenoma thomasi B. & B.
Stenoma misirella Busck.
Stenoma crambitella VVlsra.
Menestomorpha oblongata Wlsm.

Plate XXX

/J^

U\iM

'^'^'^l.M^JI''

260

PLATE XXXI

Male genitalia

Fig. 1. Amorhia cuncana Wlsm.

Fig. 2. Sparganotliis xanthoides Wlk.

Fig. 3. Amorbia synncurana B. & B.

Fig. 4. Sparganotliis inconditanii Wlsm.

Fig. 5. Sparganotliis sulphnreana Clem.

Fig. 6. Tortrix quercifoliana Fern.

Fig. 7. Adoxopliyes furcatana Wlk.

Fig. 8. Cacoecia persicana Fitch.

Fig. 9. Tortrix iiividana B. & B.

Ti.ATi: XXXl

k«2(Mfc^«»st:4^^

\

iT^

./

262

Fig.

I.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fig.

10.

PLATE XXXII

Male genitalia

Peronea maximana B. & B.
Peronea fcrrugana Schiff.
Tortricodes fragariana Busck.
Tortricodes basiplagana Wlsm.
Plialonia iitigustana Clem.
Tortrix dissitaiia Grt.
Peronea cervinana Wlsm.
Plialonia dorsimaculana Rob.
Peronea nivisellana Wlsm.
Hysterosia fulviplicaiia Wlsm.

I'l.ATK XXXII

U,^ \\ 'A. 4.

■ ^- — ■^ii^

^

264

PLATE XXXIII

Male s;enitalia

Fig. 1. Olethreutcs pennundana Clem.

Fig. 2. Olethreutcs ferrifcrrana Wlk.

Fig. 3. Ancylis nubitana Clem.

Fig. 4. Eucosma virginiana Busck.

Fig. S. Eucosma crambitana Wlsm.

Fig. 6. Eucosma sandicgo Kearf.

Fig. 7. Eucosma affcctalis Hulst.

I'l.ATF. XXX III

s

^Kk

■"^

266

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2,

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

PLATE XXXIV

Male genitalia

Ethmia alhitogata Wlsm.

Ethmia macellwsiclla Busck.

Ethmia semitcnehrcUa Dyar.

Ethmia semilugens Zell.

Ethmia coquilettella Busck.

Ethmia arctostaphylella obscurclla Beut.

Ethmia geranella B. & B.

Ethmia albistrigclla Wlsm.

Ethmia discostrigeUa Cham.

Plate XXXIV

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

268

PLATE XXXV

Male genitalia

Ethniia montkola Wlsni.
Ethmia zeltcricUa Cham.
Ethmia caliginosclta Busck.
Ethmia hagenella Cham.
Ellimia lassciiella Busck.
Etluiiia fuscipedella WIsm.

Pi. ATI. XXXV

270

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fig.

10

PLATE XXXVI

Male genitalia

Elhmia longimaculella Cham.
Ethmia coranclla Dyar.
Ethmia monachella Biisck.
Ethmia mirusella Cham.
Ethmia marmorea Wlsm.
Etliviia scmiombra Dyar.
Ethmia apicipunctella Cham.
Tamarrha bittenella Busck.
Ethmia umbrimarginella Busck.
Tamarrha delliella Fern.

Plate XX.WI

272

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

PLATE XXXVII

Male genitalia

Trichostobas parvtda Hy. Edw.
Scythris eboraccnsis Zell.
Gnorimoschcina gallaesolidaciinis Riley.
Batrachcdra knabi Wlsm.
Gnorimoschcina busckiella Kearf.
Dichomcris vcntrellus Fitch.
Gelcchia flurialella Busck.

Pi.ATi.: XXXVII

^d-^

274

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

PLATE XXXVIII

Male genitalia

Agonoptcryx ptelcac B. & B.
Agonopteryx blacclla B. & B.
Borkhauscnia pseudosprettclla Stainton.
Agonopteryx callosella B. & B.
Borkliausenia liaydeiiella Cham.
Oecophora neivmanclla Clem.
Semioscopis merriccella Dyar.
Semioscopis packardella Clem.

I'l ATI-: XXX\ 111

\)

yi- ym ^,^ ; ..

A 4

>:^

I

^>

^-^

ft*

^

276

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

PLATE XXXIX

Male genitalia

Harpipteryx canariella Wlsm.
Harpipteryx xylostella Linn.
Mieza basistriga B. & McD.
Miesa atrolinea B. & McD.
Mieza pnpula Hbn.
Yponomeuta mullipxinctclta Clem.
Bucculatrix crescentella Braiin.
F.permenia imperialetla Busck.

Plate XXXIX

27!

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7.

PLATE XL

Male genitalia

Dorata lincata Wlsm.
Scardia anatoiitclla Grt.
Phyllonorycta fitchclla Clem.
Gracilaria rlwifrnctella Cham.
Camerarta hamadryadclla Clem.
Acrolophus plumifrontcllus Clem.
Acrolophu.t quadrelhi.f B. & McD.

1*1, ATE XL

V 3

s

k

' 'v, ^

[v'#

INDEX

Page

actiella B. & B 224

aegrana IVlsin 219

affectalis Hist., Eucosma, pi.

XXXIII, f. 7.

Agonopteryx 231

albistrigella Wlsin., Ethmia, pi.

XXVI, f. 5; pi. XXXIV, f. 8.
albitogata IVlsin., Ethmia, pi.

XXVI, f. 1; pi. XXXIV, f. 1.

algidella Wlk 238

Amorbia 211

Anacampsis 226

anatomella Crt., Scardia, pi. XL,

f. 2.
angustana Clem.. Plialonia, pi.

XXXII, f. 5.

apicipunctella Cham 242

arctostaphylella IVlsin 241

Aristotelia 225

annoraciae Busck 246

atrolinea B. & McD., Mieza, pi.

XXXIX, f. 4.

baldella B. & B 248

baldiana B. & B 225

baracana Busck 220

basiplagana IVlsin., Tortricodes,

pi. XXXII, f. 4.
basistriga B. & McD., Mieza, pi.

XXXIX, f. 3.

Batrachedra 244

benitella B. & B 229

liittenella Busck. Tamarrha, pi.

XXVI, f. 18; pi. XXXVI, f. 8.

blacella B. & B 232

Borkhausenia 235

busckiella Kearf., Gnorimorsch-

ema, pi. XXXVII, f. 5.
caliginosella Busck, Ethmia, pi.

XXXV, f. 3.

callosella B. & B 231

canariana B. & B 218

canariella Wlsm 246

carnana B. Sr B 214

Page

cartwrightana Kcarf 220

cervinana Wlsm., Peronea, pi.
XXXII, f. 7.

Chambersia 235

chiquitana B. & B 213

ciccella B. & B 245

citrinella B. fr B 224

Coelpoeta 248

Coleophora 244

Coleophoridae 244

coquillettella Busck, Ethmia, pi.

XXVI, f. 2; pi. XXXIV, £. 5.
coranella Dyar, Ethmia, pi.

XXVII, f. 13; pi. XXXVI, f. 2.

Cosmopterygidae 222

crambitella Wlsm 238

crescentella Braun, Bucciilatrix,

pi. XXXIX, f. 7.
cuneana Wlsm., .Amorbia, pi.

XXXI, f. 1.

decorasella Busck 2.38

delliella Fern., Tamarrha, pi.
XXVI, f. 17; pi. XXXVI, f. 10.

dentiferella Wlsm 246

Depressaria 233

Dichomeris 230

dimorphana B. & B 215

discostrigella Cham 242

dissitana Crt.. T o r t r i x, pi.

XXXII, f. 6.
dorsimaculana Rob.. Phalonia, pi.

XXXII, f. 8.
eboracensis ZclL, Scythri?, pi

XXXVII, f. 2.

edithella B. & B 222

Elachi.stidae 248

elucidella B. •.'r B 227

Epithectis 224

Ethmia 241

Ethmiidae 241

Eucordylea 227

falciferella Wlsm 247

Page
ferriferrana iVlk., Oletlirciites,

pi. XXXIII, f. 2.
ferrugana Scliiff., Peronea, pi.

XXXII, f. 2.
fitchella Clem., Phyllonorycta, pi.

XL, f. 3.
fluvialella Busck, Gelecliia, pi.

XXXVII, f. 7.
fragariana Busck, Tortricodes,

pi. XXXI, f. 3.

frustrella IVlsin 246

fiilviplicana Jl'tsni 219

furcata M'ls)n 238

furcatana I'Vlk., Adoxoplives, pi.

XXXI, f. 7.

fuscana B. & B 216

fuscipedella Wlsm., Etlimia, pi.

XXXV, f. 6.
gallaesolidaginis Riley, Gnorimo-

schema, pi. XXXVII, f. 3.

Gelechia 228

Gelechiidae 224

geranella B. & B 242

groteella Rob 233

hagenella Chain 242

hamadryadella Clou., Cameraria,

pi. XL. f. S.

Harpipteryx 246

liaydenella Cham 235

Heliodines 245

Heliodinidae 245

homonana Kearf 219

humilis Zell 238

Hysterosia 218

imperialella Busck, Epermenia,

pi. XXXIX, f. 8.
inconditana IVlsiii.. Sparganotliis,

pi. XXXI, f. 4.

invidana B. & B 215

Irene B. &■ B 239

iridana B. I'r B 212

Isophrictis 224

josepliinelia Dyar 242

kearfottella 244

knabi 244

koinonana Kearf 219

lacteiisochrella Cham 227

la=;sendla Busck, Etlimia. pi.

XXXV, f. 5.

Page

latipalpella B. & B 233

lindanella B. & B 226

lindseyi B. & B 239

lineata Wlsm., Dorata, pi. XL,

f. 1.

litura ZcU 238

longimaculella Cham., Etlimia, pi.

XXVII. f. 14; pi. XXXVI, f. 1.
macelhosiella Busck, Etlimia, pi.

XXVII, ff. 1, 2; pi. XXXIV,

f. 2.

machimiana 211

marloffiana Busck 221

niarmorea Wlsm., Ethmia, pi.

XXVII, f. 4; pi. XXXVI, f. 5.

maximana B. & B 216

mediella Busck 241

Menestomorplia 237

merriccella Dyar, Semioscopis, pi.

XXXVIII, "f. 7.

mcrrickana Kearf 220

miriisella Cham.. Etlimia, pi.

XXVII, f. 6; pi. XXXVI, f. 4.

mistrella Busck 238

mollis B. A- B 230

monachella Busck, Ethmia, pi.

XXVI, f. 6; pi. XXXVI, f. 3.

monilella B. Sr B 225

miitii'chliira Meyr 246

monlicola ll'lsm., Etlimia, pi.

XXXV, f. 1.
niultipimctella Clem.. Yponomeu-

ta, pl. XXXIX, {. 6.
iiewmanella Clem.. Oecopliora, pl.

XXXVIII, f. 6.
nivi.sellana Wlsm., Peronea. pl.

pl. XXXII, f. 9.

nonlavana Kearf 221

nubilana Clem.. A n c y I i s. pl.

XXXIIt, f. 3.

oblongata Wlsm 238

obsciirella Bent 241

Oecopboridae 231

ordinalis Meyr 247

osseella Wlsm 238

packardella Clem., Semioscopi.s,

pl. XXXVIII, f. 8.
parvtila Hy. F.d-w.. Tricbostobas,

pl. XXXVII, f. I.

Page
permiindana CL'iii.. Olethreutes,

pi. XXXI 11, f. 1.

I'cronea -!()

peroneana /i. cr B iH

persicana Fitcli, Cacoecia, pi.

XXXI, f. 8.

perspicuana B. & B 218

Phalonia 221

Plialoniidae 218

I'latynota 212

pliimifrontellus Clem.. Acrolo-

plius, pi. XL, f. 6.

Plutella 246

Plutellidae 246

Psacaphora 222

pseudosprettella Staiiit., Bork-

hausenia, pi. XXXVIII. t. 3.

psiloptera B. &■ B 230

psoraliella B. &■ B 226

pteleae B. & B 231

pupula Hbn., Mieza, pi. XXXIX,

f. 5.
quadrellus B. & McD.. Acrolo-

phus, pi. XL, f. 7.

([iierciella Busck 238

cpiercifoliana Fern., Tortri.x. pi.

XXXI, f. 6.

rectistrigella B. & B 229

retiniella B. & B 228

rhoifructella Cham., Gracilaria,

pi. XL, f. 4.
sandiego Kearf., Eucosma, pi.

XXXIII, f, 6.

schlaegeri Zcll 238

semihigens ZclL, Ethmia, pi.

XXVII, f. 5; pi. XXXIV. f. 4.
semiombra Dyar, Ethmia, pi.

XXVII, f. 9; pi. XXXVI. f. 6.
semitenebrella Dyar., Ethmia, pi.

XXVI. f. 13; pi. XXXIV, f. 3.

Page

Sparganothis 211

spilosella B. & B 2m

stadiana B. & B 217

-Stagmatophora 222

Stenoma 238

Stenomidae 236

subcaerulea Wlsm 242

sulphureana Clou., Sparganothis,

pi. XXXI, f. 5.

symmochlota Meyr 233

synneurana B. & B 211

Telphusa 225

terinella B. c'r B 232

terminana Busck 220

thomasi B. & B 240

tiscana Kearf 220

Tortricidae 211

Tortrix 214

Trachoma 247

umbrana B. cr B 212

umbrimarginella Busck. Ethmia,

pi. XXVI, f. 3; pi. XXXVI, f,

9.

iinipunctclla Clem 238

ventrellus Pitch. Dichomeris. pi.

XXXVII, f. 6.

vestalis Zcll 238

'cigilans Meyr 220

virginiana Busck. F.uonsma. pi.

XXXTII, f. 4.

viridaiia B. &■ B 213

wyattella B. & B 222

xanthoides VVlk.. Sparganothis,

pi. XXXI. f. 2.

xanthophilella B. <'r B 228

xylostella Linn 246

r.avalla Busck 242

zclleriella Cham.. Ethmia, pi.

XXXV, f. 1.

CONTRIBUTIONS

NATURAL HISTORY

OF THE

LEPIDOPTERA

NORTH AMERICA

VOL. IV
No. 4

THE PTEROPHORID^ OF AMERICA,
NORTH OF MEXICO

BY

WILLIAM BARNES, S. B., M. D.

AND

A. W. LINDSEY, M. S., Ph. D.

DECATUR, ILL.

THE REVIEW PRESS

AUGUST 31, 1931

281

THE PTEROPHORIDAE OF AMERICA, NORTH
OF MEXICO

For twenty-three years the Ftcrophoridac of North America have
received no more attention than the occasional description of ntvf
species or the publication of a few biological notes. In fact the pioneer
work on this very interesting family, Fernald's "Pterophoridae of
North America", has remained the only work available for the identi-
fication of our species. Since its publication in 1898 many new species
have inevitably been discovered, with the result that this excellent
paper is now entirely inadequate for the proper study of our fauna.
Unhappily, too, many new synonyms have been made, and the old
synonymy, hallowed by years of use, has proven to be erroneous in
several instances. Through spontaneous interest in these insects and
a realization of their incomplete and imperfect classification, we were
led over a year ago to commence this revision. In the course of our
studies we have investigated one point after another until our task
has exceeded our wildest anticipation, but we have fortunately suc-
ceeded in verifying all but a very few of the important questions which
have come up. Of the resources which have enabled us to do this
we will speak in detail.

The types of North American species are included in seven col-
lections, viz., the U. S. National Museum, British Museum, American
Museum of Natural History, Museum of Comparative Zoology (Cam-
bridge Museum), the personal collections of Mr. Edward Meyrick,
Marlborough, England, and of Mr. Fordyce Grinnell, Jr., now in the
Southwest ]\Iuseum at Los Angeles, and last, but most important of
all, the Fernald collection, made by Prof. C. H. Fernald of Amherst,
Mass. Of these we have studied in person the material from the
National and Cambridge Museums, and the Fernald and Grinnell col-
lections. The last contains the types of Grinnell's species. Fernald's
collection is very rich in types, including Fitch's Pterophoridae, "para-
types" of most of Walsingham's North American species, all of Fish's
types and those of Fernald's own species. The American Museum
refuses to risk types in shipment, so Mr. Frank E. Watson has kindly
compared specimens for us with the types of Grossbeck's species. We

282

understand that the collection contains ])aratypes of others, but since
we have not examined these we prefer to reserve comment upon them.

In the British Museum are the types of the few species which
Walker described from this continent, in addition to Lord Walsing-
liam's collection, which contains his own types and some of Zeller's.
Mr. Meyrick has very kindly visited the Museum in our behalf and
compared specimens with all of these types. We are indebted to him
also for making comparisons with the types in his own collection, and
for the gift of a paratype of Ptcrophorus citrites, which we had been
unable to place.

These comparisons have enabled us to establish beyond doubt the
identity of all species occurring in North America, with the exception
of those described in Europe by the older writers, Linnaeus, Haworth,
Huebner, and Denis and Schiffermuller, and a very few whose types
we have not located. I'^ortunately the latter class includes only two or
three species about which there can be no reasonable doubt.

We wish to express our gratitude to those men whose assistance,
either privately or as the officials of museums, has enabled us to lay
a foundation of such gratifying soundness for our revision.

In the preparation of the paper we have concluded to illustrate
only the primaries of the insects, solely for the reason that it is im-
possible to secure sufficient magnification of an entire specimen and
at the same time retain such depth of focus as is necessary to produce
a photograph with satisfactory definition. In the case of Trichoptiliis,
PteropJwrus, Platyptilia, and the few species of other genera whose
secondaries show characters of specific value, we illustrate these wings
as well, but we have been forced to omit the bodies, even though in
a number of species they are very distinctively marked. The illus-
tration of genitalia has also been curtailed as much as possible, but
we are able to give notes or a figure of at least part of the genitalia
of all species except T. pygmaeus Wlsm., P. wilUamsi Grin., rhodo-
dactyla D. & S., xylopsamma Meyr., 0. baroni ¥\s\\, citrites Meyr.
and iiiiicolor B. & McD. The value of the genitalia is limited, and
in many cases where we have made a figure from a single slide we
cannot say that the figure will be more than a possible help in the
identification of the species.

In the figures of genitalia will be found some points which may
need explanation. We have drawn these structures as opaque objects.

283

This means that not only the heavily chitinized structures normally
shown in such drawings are treated as opaque, but also the thin mem-
brane which closes the twelfth segment and reaches the anal opening.
X'isible through the various parts are a number of structures, of which
we represent only the hidden portion of the oedeagus and the long
hair-tuft on the claspers, when present. The latter is represented
by fine broken lines, and its point of attachment by heavy dots. The
outlines indicated by heavy lines are mostly definite, free margins.
We have departed from this usage in a few cases to show heavy areas
of chitin which are conspicuous and distinctive, as in Ada'ma amhrosiae
Murt. The claspers in this family are often thin, more or less inflated
sacs, which become flattened in mounting and exhibit two outlines of
approximately the same shape, the inner representing the actual inner
surface of the clasper. The harpe is developed only on the left valve,
and is usually rather simple. Near its base, and often embracing it,
the lower margin of the valve is often folded, forming, apparently, the
sacculus of Pierce's works. On the right valve there is frequently
a slight ridge which is probably a rudiment of the harpe. In Oidae-
matophonis mizar B. & L. this bears a small transverse lobe which
may be the ampulla of Pierce. In the thin membrane which connects
the bases of the valves and closes the twelfth segment there is devel-
oped an area of chitinization which becomes thicker as it approaches
the opening through which the oedeagus projects, and forms a free,
forked organ of n:ore or less complex shape which embraces this
opening. This structure appears to be homologous with the juxta of
Pierce. Its connections are not clear to us, but it extends very defin-
itely, decreasing in strength, in most of our slides toward the ventral
extremity, and exhibits definite lateral margins which we represent
by heavy lines, although they are continuous with the membrane men-
tioned. A few slides show what appears to be a ruptured connection
between the base of the fork and the inner face of the valves. Such
apparent connections are indicated by dotted lines. In Plafyptilia the
juxta is not so developed, but the oedeagus projects through an open-
ing in the posterior membrane whose sides are produced more or less
as slender lobes. The oedeagus has a ventral process near its base
by which it appears to be attached near the base of this opening. It
probably moves in an arc whose center is this attachment. The
gnathos is apparently not chitinized ; other structures require no re-
marks. We are at a loss to explain the remarkable development of

284

the genitalia in some species of Adaina and in Oidacmatophonis mono-
dactyliis Linn.

Before taking up the systematic treatment of these families a
word regarding their relationship may not be amiss. By early writers
both Pteroplioridae and Alncitidae (better known as Orncodidac)
were placed at the end of the order, a procedure from which Meyrick
first departed by proposing the position which they have since occu-
pied. Speaking of the Pteroplioridae (Gen. Ins. c, 1.) he says: "The
family is an aberrant group of the Pyralidina, with some relation to
the Oxychirotidac, Orncodidac and Pyraustidac, but no close or obvi-
ous connection with any of these, the indications of affinity being
merely general." Some writers regard the Pteroplioridae, Alncitidae,
and presumably the Oxychirotidac as an independent superfamily. We
prefer to treat them as members of the Pyraloidca. We consider
the two families together because the presence of only one Alucitid in
our fauna renders that family too small for separate treatment, and
this is its closest relationship.

285

FAMILY PTEROPHORIDAE

Phalacnac Alucitac Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. X, I, 542, 1758 (in part).

Pterophorae Hucbner, Tentamen, 1806.

Pterophorites Latreille, Consid. Gen. 370, 1810 (in part).

Duponchel, Cat. Meth. 380, 1845.
Alucitadae Samouelle, Ent. Comp. 255, 1819 (in part).

Alucitac Hiiebner, Verz. bek. Schmett. 428. 1825 (in part, Intcgrae + Trifidae).
Alucitidac Stephens, Cat. Brit. Ins. II. 229, 1829 (in part).

Westwood, Mod. Class, Ins. II, 413, 1840 (in part).
Ptcroplioridac Zeller, Isis X, 756, 1841 (in part, Ptcraphoridae proprii).

Wallengren, Skand. FjSd. 1859.

Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 1880 (in part, ex. Clirysocorys).

Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1890, 483.

Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Meyrick, Handbook, 429, 1895.

Tutt, Pter, Brit. 14, 1896.

Femald, Pter, N. A. 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 441, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 1910.

Spuler, Schmett, Eur. II, 317 ,1910.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 3, 1913.

Fracker, Class, Lep. Larvae 94, 1915.

Mosher, Class Lep. Pupae 70, 1916.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.
Ocelli sometimes present but never very easily seen. Proboscis well devel-
oped. Maxillary palpi absent. Labial palpi variably developed, sometimes very
small. Primaries with vein A simple (or shortly forked, fide Meyrick), Mj
and M., very weak or absent; R., often absent; R.„ R^, R^ and R. frequently
stalked (the first almost obsolete in Marastnarcha cervinicolor). Primaries
with a single cleft and secondaries with two in all but one species of our fauna.
Secondaries with a conspicuous double row of black scales on under surface
along cubital stem. Veins Mj and M„ very faint. All parts of these insects arc
more or less elongate and slender, and in resulting delicacy they rival the crane-
flies. The legs are provided with two pairs of spurs on the hind tibiae and a
terminal pair on the middle tibiae. The fore and mid tibiae also have bushy
scale tufts in some species.

."Vs pointed out by Meyrick, the black scales on the under surface
of the secondaries are an absolute character for the Pterophoridae.
With the exception of our one species of Agdistis the North Ameri-
can Pterophoridae may be placed at once by the cleft wings, without
reference to other structures.

286

As to the internal classification of the family, we must depart
from the customary arrangement. The presence of two anal veins in
the secondaries of Aciptilia, Pselnophorus, Adaiua and Oidacmato-
phorus definitely groups these four genera, while those remaining are
characterized by the presence of only one anal in the secondaries,
Agdistis alone excepted. It, however, is at once segregated by its en-
tire wings. On this basis Spuler divides the Pterophoridae into three
sub-families, the Agdistinae, Platyptiliinae and Pterophorinac. In our
opinion these divisions are scarcely necessary to a convenient classi-
fication, but they are tenable. The last would become the rather
clumsy word Oidacmatophorinac according to our revised nomencla-
ture.

Which of the two higher groups should stand next to Agdistis in
a linear series, seems to us largely a matter of personal opinion, for
each is more highly developed in some particulars than the other. We
prefer to begin with the complete Platyptiliid series, inserting Oidae-
matophorus and allied genera before Agdistis because of their posses-
sion of two anal veins, as already mentioned. This arrangement results
in the least possible deviation from that now in use, since it involves
change of position in the cases of Exelastis, Marasmarcha and Stcn-
optilia alone.

The following diagram expresses our views on the phylogeny of
the genera :
Triclwptilus

Ptcrophonis Exelastis

Aciptilia

Adaina

Platyptilia

Marasmarcha

Pselnophorus

Oidaematophoriis

Stenoptilia

Agdistis

287

W'itliin the genera the difficuhies of the systematist multiply.
Many species are vei"y close, especially in Platyptilia, and can be sepa-
rated only by careful study. In this one genus the genitalia are of
no assistance, but in the others they are usually helpful. We have
come to the conclusion that one trouble in the past has been the failure
of the student to observe closely the more minute features of these
insects, and the placing of undue emphasis on the pattern of the wings.
In Oidacmatopliorus characters found in palpi and legs often serve to
separate closely related species, while we have found that the pattern
of the primaries is subject to such great variation that it is difficult
to point out single features for the separation of many species. The
remarkable fragility of specimens, once they have been dried, results
in many lacking parts which might place them readily. The only
remedy for this is, of course, careful collecting and abundant material.
It is hopeless, without an extensive knowledge of the family, to attempt
to identify many of the sad specimens which seem to be all too numer-
ous in collections.

Too little work of a scientific nature has been done on the early
stages to enable us to make generalizations of value, so we refer our
readers to the notes given under various species.

The larvae of some species bore in the stems of plants, but in
most of those whose habits are known they are external feeders on
leaves or flowers. The pupae are naked, attached to a button of silk
at the caudal end only.

We have adapted a portion of the key to the genera given by
Meyrick in the Genera Insectorum to the uses of this paper, following
the Comstock-Needham nomenclature, and have drawn our notes on
genera largely from the same source.

Key to the Genera

1. Wings entire Agdistis

Wings cleft, the primaries bifid, secondaries trind 2

2. Primaries with vein R, absent 3

Radius of primaries with all five branches 9

3. Primaries with CUj absent (only two veins in second lobe), deeply cleft

and with very slender lobes 4

CUj present, primaries cleft much less than one-half their length 5

4. Primaries with vein R^ present Trichoptilus

Primaries without R^ Acintilia

5. Branches of radius of primaries free Oidaematophorus

Some branches of radius stalked 6

288

6. R and R, of primaries short stalked, R.^ stalked with R^, R^ absent

Pselnophorus

R.^ free, R., and R^ stalked (sometimes only connate?) 7

7. Secondaries with a tuft of black scales near tip of third feather

Pterophonis

No such tuft 8

8. Secondaries with only two veins in the second lobe Adaina

With three veins 9

9. Fringes of inner margin of third lobe of secondaries with a few black

scales (sometimes faint in our species) Exelastis

These fringes without black scales Marasmarcha

II). R„ R^ and R^ stalked Pterophorus

All branches of radius separate 10

11. Secondaries usually with black scales in fringes of inner margin. Anal

angles of both lobes of primaries usually prominent Platyptilia

Without black scales. Anal angles marked, but very retreating. . Stenoptilia

Genus Trichoptilus Walsingham.

Haplotype Trichoptilus pygmacus Wlsm.

Trichoftilus Walsingham, Pter, Cal. Ore. 62, 1880. Pyijmaetis sole species.

Mcyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1886, 7, 1886.

Id., op. cit., 484, 1890.

Femald, Smith's List Lep. Bor. Am. 88, 1891.

Tutt, Pter, Brit. 77, 1891.

Hofmann, Deutsch., Pter,, 49, 145, 1895.

Meyrick, Handbook, 430, 1895.

Fernald, Pter, N. A. 13, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52, U. S. N. M. 441, 19(12.

Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 36, 1905.

Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1907, 472, 1908.

Id., Gen. Ins., C, 3, 4, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 3, 1913.

Walsingham, Biol. Cent. Am., Lep. Het. IV, 434, 1915.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.
Bucklcrki Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, i7, 1905. Orthotype Pterophorus patudnw

Zell.
Stangeia Tutt, Brit. Lep. V, 492, 1906. Haplotype siccliota.

Id., Ent. Rec. XX, 53, footnote, 1908. Cites siccliota as type.
Forehead without tuft; ocelli obsolete. Labial palpi moderate, ascending.
Second joint with a terminal tuft beneath in some species; third joint variable
in length, slender. Fore wings cleft from before middle, both lobes slender,
tapering, without anal angle; Cu„ absent or stalked with M.,; Cu, absent; M^
and M scarcely traceable, short; R. long, R., absent, R,. absent nr stalked with
R , R separate or stalked with R^. Secondaries trifid, third feather usually with

289

a black scale tuft in the cilia of the inner margin. Vein Cu., from middle of
cell, Cug absent. (See pi. XLVIII, fig. 1.)

Like all previous writers, we liave been unable to examine tbe
structures of pygmaeus, the genotype. We have seen two specimens
of this species, however, and a careful comparison with the other
species regarded as congeneric leads us to believe that the ordinary
use of the genus is correct.

Key to the Species

1. Abdomen with parallel longitudinal stripes. Third feather of secondaries

without black scale tuft in cilia parvulus

Abdomen otherwise. Tuft present 2

2. Antennae longitudinally striped above 3

Antennae brown and white dotted above 4

3. Second joint of palpi with long apical tuft below. Hind tibiae with two

straight dorsal stripes before first spurs calif ornicus

Second joint of palpi without tuft. Stripes of hind tibiae in part spiral,
and anastomosed distally defectalis

4. Size small, about 10 mm. expanse. Colors pale, whitish pygmaeus

Much larger, rarely under 14 mm. Colors darker, brownish lobidaclyhis

1. Triciioptilus parvulus n. sp.

Head brown; palpi oblique, slender, exceeding vertex, brown with white
dorsal and ventral lines ; antennae lacking. Thorax brown. Legs white with
brown stripes, tarsi of first two pairs lacking. Brown stripes of hind legs lost
in broad brown bands at bases of spurs. Spurs white with a brown stripe. First
pair inserted just beyond middle of tibia and reaching end of joint; terminal
pair equal in length to first joint of tarsus. Tarsus whitish, first joint brown
above except near base, remainder brown-tipped. Abdomen brown with a pair
of whitisli subdorsal stripes, two lateral on each side, one ventro-lateral and
a mid ventral pale area which forms a stripe near base, bears a few ventral
brown dots near middle, and is completely divided by a brown line toward
outer end.

Primaries dull, dark brown, paler at the base and with some ochreous
scales on the lobes. First lobe crossed by a whitish band about one-third from
apex, and with a few pale scales indicating the usual band about twice as far
from apex. Apical portion with whitish scales. Second lobe similar, without
whitish scales in terminal area and with the outer pale band nearer apex.
Fringes cnncolorous. with a few whitish hairs in groups along inner margin,
and numerous large Mack scales. Of the latter there are six tufts in the some-
what damaged fringes along the inner margin of the first lobe of the type, a
series on the costal margin of the second lobe, broken at the outer white band,
and five tufts on the inner margin. Secondaries and their fringes also dark
brown, the third feather without dark scales in the dorsal cilia. Expanse 10 mm.

Described from one specimen :

Holotype ? , Vernon ph., La., May, G. Coverdalc, in coll. Barnes.

290

This species is the most highly specialized of our fauna, according
to Mr. Meyrick's views on the phylogeny of the genus, because of
the complete absence of the scale tuft in the fringes of the secondaries.
This structure is present in all of our other species, though Mr. Mey-
rick records its absence from some of the exotic forms, and its absence
in this case removes all hesitation which we have felt about describing
from a single poor specimen. The parallel stripes of the abdomen are
also strikingly different from anything else which we have examined.

2. Triciioptilus defectalis Walker. PI. XLI, fig. 1. PI. XLIX, fig. 9.

Ptcrophorus defectalis Walker, List Lep. Ins. B. M. XXX, 943, 1864.

Pterophorus congrualis id., op. cit. 943-4, 1864.

Ptcrophorus oxydactylus id., op. cit. 944, 1864.

Aciptilia haivaiicnsis Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (S) Vll, 408, 1881.

TrichoptUus ochrodactylus Fish, Can. Ent. XIII, 142, 1881.

Femald, Pter, N. A., IS, pi. V, ff. 13, 14, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M., 441, 1902.
TrichoptUus coinpsocharcs Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 16. 1886.
Trichoptiltis ccntctcs id., op. cit. 16, 1886.

Walsinghani, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 494, 1891.

Id., op. cit. 1897.

Grossbeck, Bull. Am. Mus. XXXVII, 135, 1917.
TrichoptUus ralumensis Pagenstecher, Zoologica XXIX, 239, 19(T0.
Triciioptilus OA'ydactylus Walsinghani, Faun. Haw. I, 471, 1907,
TrichoptUus coiigi'iialis Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1907, 473, IWS.

Id., Gen. Ins., C, 5, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 4, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.
TrichoptUus defecluHs Meyrick, Gen. Ins., C, 5, 1910.

Fletcher, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (2, Zool.) XIII. 312, 1910.

Walsingham, Biol. Cent. Am., Lep. Het. IV, 434, 1915.
Bucklcria defectalis Fletcher, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (2, Zool.) XIII, 398, 1910.
Head, thorax and abdomen light brownish ochreous. Posterior end of
thorax whitish, abdomen often with divergent light and dark dashes on part of
the segments above. Antennae white above with a longitudinal brown line.
Third joint of palpi tipped with wliite and in some .specimens touched with
brown on the sides. Legs brown and white striped, oflfering the distinctive
feature noted in the key.

Primaries light ochreous-brown, the first lobe more brownisli and crossed
by the two ordinary bands which are scarcely, if at all, paler than the ground
color. Second lobe hardly darker than the discal area and with the bands
scarcely indicated. Fringes brown, containing some whitish hairs and black
scales in cleft on each lobe and several tufts of black scales on the inner mar-
gin, the last at tlie apex and the preceding one followed by a pencil of white

291

hairs. On the costal margin of the second lobe toward its apex the fringes
are white tipped. Secondaries dark brown, fringes concolorous, containing a
tuft of black scales beyond middle of inner margin of third feather. Expanse
13 to 15 mm.

Distribution: If the synonymy here adopted is correct, this
species occurs on every continent except Europe, and on numerous
islands, inchiding the East and West Indies and Hawaii. It is repre-
sented in coll. Barnes by a series from Florida containing twenty
specimens from Chokoloskee, without dates, and one from St. Peters-
burg, taken in October. We have verified the identification of Arizona
specimens in the National Museum. The type of ochrodactylus is
labelled Texas.

The synonymy of this species is presented as it appears in the
Biologia. It has largely been worked out by Mr. Meyrick, to whose
experience and judgment we defer in adopting it, for we have not
been able to examine material from the numerous foreign type-locali-
ties. The names which chiefly concern a student of the North Ameri-
can fauna, in that they take priority over the sole name based upon
North American material, were described from the following locali-
ties: dcfcctalis from Sierra Leone and the Congo, congrualis from
India and China, oxydactylus from Ceylon and haivaiiensis from the
island Maui of the Hawaiian group. The types of all four are in the
British Museum, and in addition paratypes of ccntctcs and compso-
charcs. The types of Meyrick's species are in his own collection and
that of ralumcnsis Pag. in "Mus. Dahl" according to the Biologia. The
type of ochrodactylus Fish is in the Fernald collection at Amherst,
Mass. We have seen this type, and find it to be in fairly good condi-
tion, excepting the loss of the abdomen.

The "Lepidopteronnn Catalogus" gives as a biological reference
"Fletcher, Spol. Zeyl. 6 (21) p. 28 (biol.), t. A. f. 8 (1909)." We
are not familiar with this article and know nothing else of the early
stages.

3. Triciioptilus californicus Walsingham, PI. XLI, fig. 3. PI.

XLIX, fig. 8.
Aciftilns? californicus Walsingham. Pter. Cal. Ore. 60, pi. 2, f. 9, 1880.
Trichoptilus californicus Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 7, 1886.
Pterophorus californicus, Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A., 88, 1891.
jTrichoptilus lobidactylus Fernald, Pter, N. A. IS, 1898 (in part).
Id., op. cit. pi. VII, fig. 12-14, 1898 ( 3 gen.)

292

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 441, 1902 (in part).

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List, 42, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 5, 1910 (in part).

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 4, 1913 (in part).

Barnes & McDimnoiigh, Check List ISO, 1917 (in part).

Grossbeck, Bull. Am. Mus. XXXVII, 135, 1917 (in part).
Trichoptilus wrightii Grinnell, Can. Ent. XL, 314, 1908.
XTrichoptilus lobidaclylus race ivrighti Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150.

1917,
Head and thorax brown, the posterior end of both thorax and patagia
white or whitish. Antennae white above with a fine dark longitudinal stripe.
Second joint of palpi with tuft below at distal end as noted in key, sometimes
rubbed off in poor specimens ; color same as head, white below. Third joint
slender, moderately long, dark at the side and light above and below. Abdomen
brownish above with divergent light and dark stripes on the first few segments
and parallel stripes on the last two or three. Legs brown and white striped
as in defectalis, the hind pair differing in that the two brown stripes on the
upper surface of the tibiae before the first pair of spurs are separate and straight,
not in part spiral and joined near their distal end.

Primaries concolorous with anterior part of thorax, varying from light
ochreous to a dull brown. First lobe darker, the transverse bands marked dis-
tinctly with white scales on the costa, these usually continued from second band
to apex. The primaries are otherwise as in defectalis with two exceptions
The costal fringes of the second lobe are not white tipped near the apex, and
the white hairs in the fringes of the inner margin are grouped in two rather
conspicuous patches. The secondaries arc a darker, more dull shade of brown,
each feather usually with a few dark scales in the apical fringes. The third
feather has the tuft of black scales on the inner margin well-developed, and the
fringes preceding it often contain noticeable white hairs. At the apex of this
feather the fringes are usually white: otherwise they are concolorous with the
wing. Expanse 14-18 mm.

Although the superficial appearance is not very different from
tliat of defectalis Wlk. the male genitalia (plate XLIX, fig. 8) are
much nearer to those of lobidactylns Fitch in form. The narrow valves
at once separate the species from defectalis, in which they are very
broad.

Distribution : We have seen no specimens of this genus from
British Columbia, but think it probable that those recorded in the
B. C. Check, List as lobidactylus are this species. Calif ornicus occurs
throughout California, whence we have specimens taken in various
])laces in IMay, Aug., Sept., and Oct. In the Barnes collection there
are also specimens from Utah, Aug. ; Colo., Ariz., Se])t. ; and Fla. May.

The early stages are unknown.

293

This species was described from specimens taken in Mendocino,
Shasta and Colusa counties, Cal. The types are in the British IMuseum,
and three paratypes in the Fernald collection. Our attention was first
drawn to the distinctness of the species from lobidactylus, of which
it had long been recorded as a synonym, by the discovery that all of
our Calif ornian specimens had striped antennae, in marked contrast
to the dotted antennae of the latter species. Lord Walsingham both
described and figured the species with dotted antennae, but in sending
material to Mr. Meyrick for comparison with the type we called his
attention to this feature, and he noted that they are striped in the types.
This is true also of the paratypes in the Fernald collection. In the
Grinnell collection of Pterophoridae as sent to us for examination
there were no types of Trkhoptilus zvrightii, but in Mr. W. S. Wright's
material we found two specimens from the type locality which were
true californicHS. Since we have seen only this species from the entire
state of California, we feel that Mr. Grinnell was probably guilty of
an oversight in describing his species with "barred" antennae.

4. Trichoptilus pvgmaeus Walsingham.

TrichoMilus pygmaeus Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 64, pi. Ill, f. IS, 1880.
Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 7, 1886.
Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 88, 1891.
Id., Pter. N. A. 14, 1898.
Id., Bull. 52, U. S. N. M. 441, 1902.
B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 42, 19(^)6.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 5, 1910.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 4, 1913.
Barnes & McDunnough, Check List ISU, 1917.

Since we have seen only two specimens of pygmaeus, one a para-
type, we reproduce the original description :

"Very small and slender.

"The head pale fawn-colour, with some erect scales above and behind the
eyes ; antennae slightly pubescent spotted alternately with fawn-brown and white
above; the palpi projecting nearly the length of the head beyond it, whitish,
touched with pale fawn-colour.

"Fore wings cleft slightly more than half tlieir length, very pale fawn-
colour, dusted with fuscous-brown scales along the costa, especially above the
base of the fissure, also towards the base of the dorsal margin. The two slender
lobes diverge considerably, and are barred before and beyond their middles
more or less distinctly with white, which extends tlirough the otherwise pale
fawn-coloured cilia on both sides; along the base of these intermediate fawn-

294

coloured cilia are some scattered fuscous-brown scales, two darker tooth-like
projections almost fuscous appearing on the dorsal margin of the second lobe.

"Hind wings pale greyish brown ; the cilia cinereous, internipted with
white behind and at the points of the lobes. The third segment has long ciner-
eous cilia, interrupted with white at the apex; slightly beyond the middle of its
dorsal margin is a very small square projecting tooth of fuscous scales, pre-
ceded by a scarcely conspicuous white dash in the cilia.

"The legs are white, dotted and barred above with fawn-brown ; the spurs
white, the joints above them being thickly clothed with fawn-brown scales,
from amongst which project some few almost erect white ones.

"Abdomen whitish, faintly touched with pale fawn-colour at the sides and
above posteriorly.

"Expanse scarcely 10 millims."

The type series included three specimens taken "near Millville, in
Shasta County, California, on the 11th of July, 1871." Two are now
in the British Museum and the remaining paratype in the Fernald
collection. It agrees very closely with the description. The second
specimen which has been before us is in the National Museum. It
lacked the abdomen and was slightly more grayish than Walsingham's
figure, but we found no reason to doubt that it was true pygmaciis.
This specimen was labelled "Washington, D. C. July," so careful col-
lecting may prove the species to be much more common and wide-
spread than it seems.

In common with other writers, we have had no opportunity to
study the structures of the species so as to settle definitely the status
of the genus of which it is the type, but the paratype which we have
seen appears to substantiate the customary usage.

5. Trichoptilus lobidactylus Fitch. PI. XLI, fig. 2. PI. XLIX,
fig. 7.

Ptcyophonis lobidactylus Fitch, Trans. N. Y. Agr. Soc. XIV, 847, 1854.

Id., 1st. Rept. Ent. N. Y. 143, 1854.

Morris, Cat. Lep. N. A. 54, 1860.

Walker, List Lcp. Ins. B. M. XXX, 940, 1864.

Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 88, 1891.
Aciplilus lobidactylus Dimmock, Psyche III, 389, 1882 (morph.).

Id., op. cit. 404, 1882 (biol.).
Trichoptilus lobidactylus Fernald, Pter. N. A. 15, 1898 (in part).

Dyar, Psyche VIII, 249, 1898 (biol.).

Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. N. M. 441, 1902 (in part).

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 5, 1910 (in part).

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 4, 1913 (in part).

295

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List ISO, 1917 (in part).

Grossbeck, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. XXXVII, 135, 1917 (in part).

McDunnough, Can. Ent. LII, 88, pi. II, f. 1, 1920 (biol.).
Trhiwftilus lobidactyla Dyar, Ent. Rec. XI, 140, pi. I, f. 1, 1899 (Lar^'s).

Head brown with a white line over eyes. Antennae blackish below, al-
ternately black and white spotted above. Palpi with second joint whitish, brown
tipped, and with a terminal tuft projecting below tliird, which is white above
and at its base below, otherwise brown. Thorax brown, posteriorly fawn with
some white scales. Patagia concolorous, whitish tipped. Abdomen mixed fawn
and brown. Dorsal surface with divergent white dashes, edged with dark
brown, on alternate segments. Ventral surface with ventral and ventro-lateral
white stripes edged with dark brown lines, the intervening spaces mixed fawn
and brown with some white patches. Legs brown and white striped as in cali-
fornicus.

Vestiture of primaries a mixture of bright brown, blackish and white
scales, the first usually predominating and the last very scanty. First lobe with
two transverse pale bands, sometimes white and sometimes partly obsolete.
Costal fringes often white from outer band to apex. Second lobe with the
bands not more than indicated by a few white scales. Fringes of mixed brown,
black and white hairs containing a few black scales in the cleft. Inner margin
of first lobe also with a dark preapical pencil, sometimes preceded and followed
by white. Inner margin of wing with clusters of black scales and three white
patches; apex of second lobe with a black pencil and some white hairs. Sec-
ondaries dark coppery brown with gray brown fringes. Third feather with
black scales and white hairs at apex, the latter sometimes lacking, and with a
large triangular black scale tuft in fringes of inner margin beyond middle, pre-
ceded by variably conspicuous pale hairs. Expanse IS to 20 mm.

Fitch's type has been destroyed. The pin and type label remain
in the Fernald collection, with the added notation of its loss.

Lobidactyliis was described presumably from New York sjieci-
mens. Its range has been extended to include all of the northern
United States in various works, but the elimination of caHfoniicits
from the synonymy curtails this range extensively. It is in the Barnes
collection from Ontario (July), N. H., N. J. (June & July), and
Meach Lake. Ottawa Co.. Que. From the last named locality we have
a small series, apparently reared, of very dark specimens. In the
National Museum there are specimens from W. Va. and < )hio, the
latter state being the most westerly locality of which we know. Gross-
beck's Florida records probably refer partly to this species, since the
food plant is mentioned, but the Barnes & McDunnough specimens
mentioned are certainly calif or nicus.

296

SiS

Prof. Fernaltl records the food plant as Solidago canadoi
(Pter. N. A. 16). Dr. Dyar (Psyche VIII, 249) gives a description
of the larva and pupa from material taken in Van Cortlandt Park, New
York City, and reared on Solidago sp. Dimniock's papers give no fur-
ther information beyond some morphological data and the locality
Massachusetts. In Dr. McDunnough's paper descriptions, which we
quote below, of the full grown larva and of the pupa are given, and
a figure of the latter. The larva is here noted as feeding "on the
terminal buds of a Solidago species". The descriptions are as follows :

"Lar\'a ( full-grown). — Head ochreous. Body cylindrical, green, with
slightly darker mediodorsal line, due to the dorsal vessel showing through the
integument, and containing on each segment centrally a minute black dot ; sev-
eral other similar black points are scattered with more or less regularity over
the integument, the most constant being a single one midway between tubercles
II and HI and another, rather linear in shape, before the spiracle. Subdorsally
there is a series of large, brownish, rectangular, chitinous patches extending
across the major portion of each segment and containing tubercles I and II
which are represented by two long brownish setae, arising from the centre of
each patch, very glutinous, swollen irregularly several times during their length
and club-shaped at their tips; the posterior portion of each patch contains two
minute, whitish club-shaped setae. Tubercle III is represented on the abdom-
inal segments by a single long brownish seta, a short anterior whitish one and
a mimite posterior hair ( ? Ill a of Dyar). Tubercle IV + V, directly below
the spiracle, consists of an anterior shorter and a posterior longer clubbed white
seta arising from a brownish base; there are usually also two further minute
white clubbed hairs situated respectively on the ventral and on the posterior
margins of this dark base. Ventral to the tubercles and on the posterior margin
of each segment are generally several minute white clubbed hairs. A single
white unclubbed hair arising from a dark base and surrounded by other minute
hairs probably represents tubercle VI and two or three small hairs at the base
of the prolegs constitute tubercle VII.

"On the thoracic segments the dorsal setae show some variation from that
normally found on the abdominal segments: on the mesothorax tubercle I + II
consists of two long setae and one minute white one whilst on the metathorax
only a single long dorsal hair is found. On both segments tubercle III shows
two long setae. The prothorax has a row of six long hairs along the anterior
margin with a second row of six immediately behind these; the dorsal area
corresponding to the prothoracic plate is covered with fine, minute, white, clubbed
hairs. Ventrad and anterior to the spiracle is a tubercle bearing three hairs.
All spiracles pale, brown-ringed. Length 10 mm.

'The arrangement of tubercular hairs as listed above differs in several
points from Dr. Dyar's figure of the fifth abdominal segment of this species
(1899, Ent. Rec. XI, pi. I, f. 1) but this is in the main due, I believe, to slight
inconsistencv in the number of sm.all white secondary hairs which may occur

297

on each primarj' tubercle; Dr. Dyar's figure accentuates these secondary hairs,
giving the impression that they are nearly as long as the primary, dark ones,
which was far from the actual case in all specimens examined by me.

"Pupa (Fig. 1).— Rather bluntly tnmcate at apex with four short horns
arising from the base of the antennal and eye-sheaths and a distinct sub-dorsal
ridge extending as far as fourth abdominal segment. Colour green, with the
horns and surrounding area extending over the prothorax vinous pink; a large,
pink, dorsal patch is also present on each of the third and fourth abdominal
segments (not segments 4-S as stated by Dr. Dyar). The wing-cases are darker
green than the remainder of the pupal integument and possesses three more or
less complete parallel rows of minute white clubbed hairs; the sheaths of the
legs and mouth parts are not very clearly differentiated and are well sprinkled
with minute white warts on lenticles, particularly numerous on the eye caps.
The tubercular setae of the larval stage are present, tubercles I and II being
situated on the subdorsal ridge and particularly prominent on the pink-coloured
segments. The prothoracic plate and the dorsal portions of the other thoracic
segments are heavily sprinkled with small white lenticles; these lenticles on the
abdominal segments are generally restricted to the area contiguous to the tuber-
cular setae, this area being bounded posteriorly by a row of four or five short
white clubbed hairs placed at regular intervals. The cephalic portion of the
modified tenth abdominal plate contains a cluster of minute pinkish hairs
and the cremaster is composed of a larger cluster of similarly coloured, glut-
inous hairs."

Genus Pterophorus Geoffrey.
Logotype Alucita didactyla Linn.

Pterophorus GeofEroy, Hist. Nat. Ins. II, 90, 1762.

Fabricius, Syst. Ent. 671, 1775 (in part).

Latreille, Consid. Gen. 442, 1810. Cites didactylus as type.
Oxyptilus Zeller, Isis X, 765, 1841.

Wallengren, Skand. Fjad. 14, 1859.

Zeller, Stett. ent. Zeit. XXVIII, 335, 1867.

Jordan, Ent. Mo. Mag. VI, 121, 1869.

Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 8, 1886.

Id.,' op. cit. 485, 1890.

Femald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 88, 1891.

Tutt, Pter. Brit. 60, 1891.

Meyrick, Handbook 431, 1895.

Hofmann. Deutsch. Pter. 49, 119, 1895.

Fernald, Pter. N. A. 16, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 441, 1902.

Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 35, 1905. Cites pilosellae Zell. as type.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 6, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars. 17, 5, 1913.

Walsingham, Biol. Cent. Am., Lep. Het. IV, 435, 1915.

298

Mosher, Class. Lep. Pupae 70, 1916.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List ISO, 1917.
Cappcria Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 37, 1905. Orthotype heterodactyla de Vill.
Geina Tutt, Brit. Lep. V, 411, 1906. Orthotype didactylus Linn.
Crombrugghia Tutt, op. cit. 449, 1906. Orthotype distans Zell.

Forehead smooth, witliout tuft in our species: oceUi obsolete. Labial
palpi moderate, oblique; second joint with a ventral apical tuft in only one
North American species; third joint moderate. Tibiae thickened with scales
at bases of spurs. Primaries bifid, cleft from about middle; M,, and Cu^ stalked,
connate with Cu^ ; R^^ from below angle of cell, R., and R^ stalked with R^ or
R. and R coincident; Rj free. Secondaries trifid, third segment with a well
developed tuft of black scales in the fringes of the inner margin: Cu„ from
middle of cell; Cu^ from near angle; R. to apex. (See pi. XLVIII, fig. 2.)

Although the type of Pterophorus was fixed as didactyla in 1810,
no subsequent writer with whose work we are famiHar has recognized
the genus as identical with Oxyptihis Zell. The attempt of Lord
Walsingham and Mr. Durrant (Ent. Mo. Mag. XXIII, 41, 1897) to
fix the type of Alucita Linn, gives us the first summary by modern
writers of the history of Pterophorus. In this suminary it is stated
that Lamarck (Syst. An. sans Vert. 288, 1801) fixed the type as
pentadactylus. The International Rules do not permit us to recognize
this fixation, which is thrown out by Walsingham and Durrant for
other reasons. Latreille's citation of didactylus is overlooked, appar-
ently because it has no bearing on Alucita. On p. 42 we find the state-
ment that Wallengren (Skand. Fjar. 20, 1859) "cited monodactylus
Linn, as the type of Pterophorus (Geoffr.) auct." The authors accept
this as the true type of Pterophorus on the basis that didactylus Geofif.
was an incorrect identification of monodactylus Linn. Opinion 14 of
the International Rules deals with a similar case and thereby validates
the acceptance of didactylus Linn, as type of Pterophorus Geoflf. The
genus has commonly been used as limited by Walsingham and Dur-
rant, but Mr. J. W. Tutt (Ent. Rec. XVII, 35, 1905) claims that
Geoffrey himself fixed the type as pentadactyla Linn. We think that
no other writer has taken this view of Geoffrey's work, though some
have accepted pentadactyla as type of this genus through Lamarck's
supposed fixation. Curtis (Brit. Ent., Lep. I, 161, 1827) actually
cited this species as type but his action was rendered invalid by that
of Latreille.

We follow Meyrick's synonymy. Geina Tutt is, of course, a syno-
nym of Pterophorus. We are not familiar with the types of Capperia

299

and Crontbrugghia in nature but from Tutt's remarks we judge these
genera to be of the same character as numerous others of his, and
tlierefore happily suppressed. We regard a genus as a systematic unit,
not a biological division, and feel that when it loses its value for classi-
fication it has lost its right to exist.

The male genitalia in this genus show two forms of harpes, the
one long, heavily chitinized and curved, the other weak and mem-
branous. In our species and in the four European species which we
have seen, ri:;., didactylus, hicracii, pilosellae and parvidactylns, those
species which have the terminal tuft on the second joint of the palpi
are furnished with the second type, and those which lack this tuft
have strong genitalia. These characters apparently divide the genus
into two well marked groups, but we do not regard them as worthy of
generic rank.

Key to the Species

1. Second joint of palpi with a distal tuft projecting beneath third. .rfc/fUt'iirtVui
Palpi slender ; second joint without tuft 2

2. Median spurs of hind tibiae attached three-fifths or more of length of

joint from its base ^

These spurs very close to middle of tibia 4

3. Dorsal surface of abdomen with divergent white lines reaching from

front to hind margins on several segment?, widening behind ningoris

White lines on dorsal surface of abdomen obsolete at least anteriorly,
usually limited to a few scales in posterior margins of segments. A
much darker species raptor

4. Light brown; abdomen without contrasting pure white marks above

pcriscelidttctylus

Ven' dark brown; abdomen with some pure white above except in dark-
est specimens ^

5. Fourth abdominal segment brown above, the adjacent segments with

white marks tenuidactylus

Fourth segment white above, others white marked cygnus

1. Pterophorus periscelidactvlus Fitch. PI. XLI, fig. 4. PI.

XLIX, fig. 5.
Pterophorus periscelidactylus Fitch, Trans. N. Y. Agr. Soc. XIV, 843, 1854
(biol.).

Id.. 1st. Rept. Ent. N. Y. 139, 1854 (biol.).

Morris, Cat. Lep. N. A. 54, 1860.

Walker, List Lep. Ins. B. M. XXX, 940, 1864.

Riley, 1st Mo. Rept. 137, pi. II, ff. 15, 16, 1869 (biol).

Id., Am. Ent. II, 234, f^g. 148, 1870.

Id., 3rd. Mo. Rept. 65, fig. 27, 1871 (biol.).

300

Packard, Guide 356, 1872,

Saunders, Can. Ent. V, 99, fig. 15, 1873.

Rogers, Can. Ent. VII, 217, 1875.
Oxyptilus periscelidaclylus Zeller, Stett. ent. Zeit. XXXII, 178, 1871.

Id., Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien XXIII, 319, 1873.

Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 25, pi. II, £. 5, 1880.

Riley, Supp. Mo. Rept. 58, 1881.

Dimmock, Psyche III, 390, 1882.

Id., op. cit. 403, 1882.

Saunders. Can. Ent. XIX, 27, 1887.

Id., Ins. Inj. Fruits 268, 1889.

Hy. Edwards, Bull. 35, U. S. N. M. 136, 1889.

Femald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 88, 1891.

Dyar, Psyche VII, 253, 1895.

Comstock, Manual 238, 1895.

Smith, Econ. Ent. 318, 1896.

Truman, Ent. News VIII, 28, 1897.

Fernald, Pter. N. A. 17, pi. II, ff, 3, 4; pi. V, ff. 1, 2, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 441, 1902.

Holland. Moth Book 416, fig. 237, 1903.

Osborn, Jn. Econ. Ent. II, 15, 1909.

Meyrick. Gen. Ins. C, 7, 1910.

Winn, List Ins. Que. 85, 1912.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 7, 1913.

Fracker, Class. Lep. Larvae 95, 1915.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.

Britton, Ins. Conn. 103, 1920.
General color light brown, the head, thorax and abdomen somewhat paler,
the last with creamy-white dashes above and mostly whitish below. Antennae
white, dark below and with a row of connected dark dots above. Palpi white,
light brown at the sides. Legs white, the first two pairs striped with dark
brown, their tarsi with brown shading on one side of all but the second joint.
Hind pair with brown tufts at bases of spurs and brown annuli on the tarsi.
First spurs attached near middle of tibia and reaching to its end.

Primaries with two white, diagonal, subparallel bands across first lobe, the
basal one broader and less regular tiian the outer. These are continued across
second feather, where they converge toward inner margin. Enclosed space on
both lobes somewhat darker than rest of wing. Cleft preceded by a sHght
whitish patch, then by a short transverse brown dash. At two-fifths from base
of wing is a whitish spot, more or less vague. Fringes creamy white, slightly
darker in cleft, where they contain brown scales. At apex of both lobes and
anal angle of first they are marked by dark pencils of hair, and before anal
angle of second lobe a broader brown patch preceded at some distance hy two
small tufts of dark brown scales and some scattered white scales. First two
featlicrs of hind wings dull brown with lighter fringes, the third light brown
at base and tip, white between, fringes as on other lobes, but containing a large

301

tuft of dark brown scales at the outer end on both costal and inner margins.
Some specimens are darker and of a duller shade of brown. Expanse 16-20 mm.
Distribution: Quebec to New Jersey, west to Manitoba, South
Dakota and Mo. Fernald arlds Texas but we are unable to verify
this. The specimens which we have were taken in June with the
exception of a single one without locality which bears an August date
label. There are Mo. specimens in the Cornell collection dated May,
and New York specimens dated July. The species was described from
New York, and a reared specimen in coll. Fernald among Fitch's
material is probably the type, though it does not bear Fernald's type
label.

The early stages have been considered in a number of papers.
Riley's third report gives a good account of the habits of the insect,
and both this and Saunder's "Insects Injurious to Fruits" describe
the early stages in part. Dyar's paper in Psyche, vol. VII, and
Fracker's are the only papers known to us which give any information
of value on the structure of the larva. Fernald's monograph of the
family contains the following description of larva and pupa :

"Larva. — Length, about 12 mm. Head yellow, with the mouth parts brown.
Body pale greenish yellow, deeply constricted between the segments. Each
segment has a transverse row of ten moderately sized tubercles, from each of
which arises a cluster of from six to twelve long, whitish, diverging hairs,
besides which, scattered over the surface, arc short hairs which are enlarged
at the tip. Legs yellow, long and slender.

"Pupa. — Length, 11 mm. Diameter, 2 mm. Front obliquely truncated,
with two irregular ridges extending up over the truncate part and along the
dorsum on either side of the median line, diverging toward the meta-thorax,
where they terminate in a pair of flattened, sharp-pointed projections, about
as high as two-thirds of the diameter of the pupa. The ridges are higher, and
toothed on the top of each segment. On the first five abdominal segments
there is a row of short spines on each side, in line with the abdominal projec-
tions. These spines incline forward, and on the posterior side is a small tooth
and two short diverging club-shaped bristles. The pupae attach themselves by
a cluster of fine hooks at the end of the abdomen to a button of silk spun by
the caterpillar before pupating. The pupal stage lasts about a week."

2. Pteropiigrits tenuidactvlus Fitch. PI. XLI, fig. 5. PI. XLIX,
fig. 1.

Ptcrophorus tcnuidactylus Fitch, Trans. N. Y. Agr. Soc. XIV, 848, 1854.
Id., 1st Rept. Ent. N. Y. 144, 1854.
Morris, Cat. Lep. N. A. 54. 1860.
Walker, List Lep. Ins. B. M. XXX, 940, 1864.

302

O.ryl^lilus nigrocUiatus Zeller, Verb. z-b. Ges. Wicn XXIII, 332, 1873.

Walsingham. Pter. Cal. Ore. 31, pi. II, f. 8, 1880.

Dimmock, Psycbe III, 403, 1882.

Packard, Kept. U. S. Dept. Agr. 326, 1886 {fide Hy. Edw.).

Ply. Edwards, Bull. 35, U. S. N. M. 136, 1889.

Saunders, Ins. Inj. Fruits 314, 1889 (bio!.).

Packard, 5tb Kept. U. S. Ent. Com. 851, 1890.
Oxyl^tUus tcnuidaciylus Murtfeldt, Am. Ent. Ill, 235, 1880.

Fernald. Smith's List Lep. N. A. 88, 1891.

Dyar, Psyche VIII, 249, 1898 (biol.).

Fernald, Pter. N. A. 20, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52, U. S. N. M. 442, 1902.

Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M. XXVII, 923, 1904, (bid).

Anderson, Cat. B. C. Lep. 50, 1904.

B. C. Ent. See. Check List 42, 1906.

Forbes, Psyche XVI, 136, 1909.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 7, 1910.

Winn, List Ins. Que. 85, 1912.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 8, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List ISO, 1917.

Britton, Ins. Conn. 103, 1920.
■\0.ryplilus dclavarims Forbes, Rept. Ent. II!. XIV, 91, 1885 (biol.).

Very dark brown, with a coppery tinge. Antennae white, dotted witli
brown above. Palpi white with lateral brown stripes, the third joint sometimes
entirely brown. Thorax wliite behind. Legs white, first and second pairs
striped with dark brown except tarsi, which are touched with brown on one
.side of each joint. Hind legs as in pcriscelidactylns but with dark brown mark-
ings. Abdomen brown, with diverging pairs of white stripes on t!ie third seg-
ment. Fourth segment entirely brown above, fifth mostly white, due to the
extension of stripes similar to those on the third. Beneath, the abdomen is more
licaviiy marked with white, tlie fourth segment almost entirely wliite.

Primaries with a fine transverse white line across outer !ialf of both lobes.
First lobe willi a broader stripe basad of tliis. Second lobe with this stripe
represented Ijy a small white patch. Fringes and secondaries as in (icriscelidac-
tylus but much darker. Exp. 13-17 mm.

Fernald's figuies of genitalia under this name appear to l)e!ong
to the following species.

Distribution: Quebec to W. Va., west to Vancouver Id. (Day),
Tex. and Cal. Ma)- to Aug.

Tlicre are three specimens in the Fernald collection among Fitch's
material. tv,-o of which bear P'ernald's type labels. One of these is
fragmentary and the other a 9 in good condition.

303

We have examined over forty specimens in the Barnes collection
and smaller series in various other collections, among which were
many bred specimens. The species is remarkably constant in super-
ficial appearance, probably due to its general darkness, for the white
markings are greatly reduced in the darker examples. The one dark
segment of the abdomen, preceded and followed by white marks, is
usually characteristic, though we have seen cases of obsolescence of
these white marks.

Tcnuidactyliis has been reared from the buds of blackberry by
several entomologists. Dyar (Psyche VIII) gives a description of
the larva and pupa, while S. A. Forbes (111. Rept.) and Saunders give
similar data and some remarks on the habits of the larva. According
to Dyar the larvae feed on the buds of blackberry, which they mimic
closely, and in B. C. on thimble-berry, Ritbus imtkamis. There is a
specimen in the Fernald collection which is labelled as having been
reared from a larva boring in the stem of a species of Solidago. We
have checked this identification carefully, and cannot account for such
a strange difference in both habit and food plant if the record is cor-
rect. One Wisconsin specimen in the National Museum was reared
from strawberry.

Dyar's description of larva and pupa is as follows :

"Head green, 7 mm. wide. Body pale green, with a faint sub-dorsal white
band. Warts i and ii imited, bearing about ten setae with simple ends; iii
with six setae; a small wart behind it with two setae (iiia) ; iv -1- v with two
large setae and several small ones; a single seta behind this (iiib) ; vi with
a distinct tubercle, but somewhat confused among the secondary hairs; vii of
three large setae with several shorter ones ; secondary hairs scattered over the
body, and these as well as some shorter ones from the warts have swollen or
cleft tips.

"Pupa. Slender, tapering behind, fastened by the cremaster. A row of
sub-dorsal tubercles bearing four spines in a fan-like arrangement, continued
as a carinated ridge on the thorax. Thorax widened, the cases produced into a
point along the abdomen. Two slight points above the eyes. Whitish green,
cases more greenish. There are several spines on the thorax, and some fine,
soft hairs on abdomen laterally. Another pupa was light purplish brown.

"On the buds of blackberry (Rubus), Keene Valley, N. Y., June. Found
with Batalis basilaris Zell., but more closely resembles the blackberry buds than
this Tineid does."

304

3. Pterophorus cygnus n. sp. PI. XLIX, fig. 2.
fOxyptilus tenuidactylus Fernald, Pter. N. A. pi. VI, ff. 4-6, 1898(?).

We are unable to point out any superficial differences between cygmis
and tenuidactylus except in the abdomen, hence the description of the latter
species will answer almost completely for this. The hind legs of the unique
t>-pe are unfortunately lacking, but in species otherwise so close we think it
unlikely that they would show any marked difference. The abdomen differs
from that of tenuidactylus in that every segment is marked more or less with
white above, including the fourth. This, together with the third and fifth, is
heavily marked. Beneath, the fourth segment bears two white dashes, while
the others are mostly brown. Expanse 13 mm.

Described from one male, (holotype) taken at Iowa City, la., July 2,
1918, by A. W. Lindsey, and now in coll. Barnes.

In the male genitalia differences are found in the uncus, vinculum
and valves as shovvn in the figures. The oedeagus was lost in making
tlie slide. Fernald's figures agree except in the shape of the vinculum.
Since Fernald removed the entire abdomen for study, we are unable
to check this by superficial characters.

4. Pterophorus raptor Meyrick. PI. XLI, fig. 6. PI. XLIX, fig. 3.

Oxyptilus raptor Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1907, 478, 1908.
Id., Gen. Ins. C, 7, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 8, 1913 (in part).
Barnes & McDunnough, Check List ISO, 1917 (in part).

The original description is as follows :

"9. 19 mm. Palpi whitish, spotted with dark fuscous. Abdomen brown
mixed with dark fuscous, segmental margins mixed with white. Legs white,
lined and banded with dark fuscous. Forcwings cleft from beyond middle,
segments narrow, first pointed, second somewhat dilated, its apex long, acute,
termen concave ; ferruginous-fuscous, irrorated with dark fuscous ; a small dark
fuscous spot on base of cleft; first segment crossed by two inwardly oblique
whitish bars at 1/3 and 2/3, former rather broad, latter slender; a similar bar
crossing second segment at 2/3; cilia dark fuscous, on costa more blackish,
and barred with whitish on costal markings, beneath apex with two whitish
bars, on termen of second segment whitish except toward angles, on dorsum
mostly whitish with dark fuscous bars before and beyond cleft, and a dark
fuscous patch towards tornus. Hind-wings cleft firstly from 2/S, secondly
from 1/4, segments very slender; dark fuscous, third segment brownish-
ochreous from base to near 2/3 and at apex ; cilia fuscous, both margins of
third segment with a patch of blackish scales extending from before 2/3 of
segment to 5/6.

"Colorado, U. S. ; one specimen."

305

With a series of eleven specimens of both sexes before us we
are unable to add to this description except by noting the position of
the first pair of spurs on the hind tibiae in contrast to the preceding
species, as noted in the key. Our specimens are from Denver, Chimney
Gulch and South Park, Colo., taken by Oslar. Only two are dated,
one June 23 from Chimney Gulch and one Aug. 19 from South Park.
We have seen a single 9 labelled Hessville, Ind.. Sept. 8. which was
submitted by Mr. A. K. Wyatt for identification.

5. Pterophoku.s NiNGORis Walsingham. PI. XLI, fig. 7. PI. XLIX,

fig. 6.
Ox-yft'ltts ningoris Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 26, pi. II, f. 6, 1880.

Fernald. Smith's List Lep. N. A. 88, 1891.

Id., Pter. N. A. 20, pi. VI, ff. 1-3, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 442, 1902.

Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M. XXVII, 923, 1904 (biol.).

Anderson, Cat. B. C. Lep. SO, 1904.

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 42, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 7, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 8, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List ISO, 1917.

Britton, Ins. Conn. 103, 1920.
%Oxyptilus nigoris Murtfeldt, Proc. Nat. Sci. Club, 13, 1896.
Oxyptilus hernardinus Grinnell, Can. Ent. XL, 315, 1908.
Oxyptilus raptor Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 8, 1913 (in part).

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917 (in part).
General color dull brown with a grayish cast, due to the presence of true
brown only at the tips of the scales. Head with a few whitish scales. Antennae
light spotted above, otherwise dark. Palpi rather long and slender, oblique,
dark brown with both joints white-tipped. Fore and middle legs white striped
with brown, the tarsi largely brown on their inner surface. Hind legs pure
white with the usual bands at the bases of tlie spurs and on the joints of the
tarsi. Tibiae also with an incompletely spiral brown line preceding spurs.
First spurs attached about three-fifths from base of tibia and reaching its tip.
Abdomen with many white scales and a pair of subdorsal stripes made up of
divergent dashes on e.ich segment. Beneath mostly white, due to anastomosis
of longitudinal white stripes.

Fore wings usually with a somewhat hoary appearance, sometimes accen-
tuated by the presence of white and fuscous scales, particularly along the costa.
First lobe crossed by the usual two lines, the outer slender, the inner broad.
Both arc continued on the second lobe, but are ven,' variable, sometimes exten-
sive and sometimes greatly reduced. The outer line reaches the anal angle in
well marked specimens. Cleft preceded by a few white scales, and disk with

306

two vague whitish spots, one near inner margin about one-third from base
and one beyond it in cell. These wings are cleft from about the middle, and
the lobes are somewhat narrow, so that in general appearance the species looks
like a Trichoptitus. Fringes fuscous at apex, becoming white toward base of
cleft and containing brown scales in cleft. Second lobe with tufts of fuscous
scales at apex, anal angle, and along inner margin. Outer margin with fringes
partly white, inner with fuscous fringes between last two tufts. Secondaries
brown, similar to primaries, with gray-brown fringes. Third lobe somewhat
paler, white beyond middle, with large tuft of blackish scales in fringes of
outer third. Expanse 18-20 mm.

Distribution: California: we have specimens from Tulare and
San Bernardino counties and Lake Tahoe. Part of the type series was
taken in Oregon. Mr. G. O. Day sent in one 9 labelled Cowichan
Lake, Vane. Id., and the B. C. Entomological Society records the spe-
cies from the mainland. The specimens which we have examined were
taken from the eighteenth of Jime to the end of July. The Connecticut
record is probably based on a misidentification.

Dyar's account of the life history is as follows:

"Seven specimens, June 25, 27, 29, August 3. The young larvae were
found webbing the heads and deforming the leaves of a wooly herbaceous plant
with milky juice, Hicrachim albiflorum. The larvae were very small but made
a great showing as the whole head of the plant is webbed and distorted, the
leaves cnunplcd and the flower shoot does not grow up as it normally would.

"Larva. — Head small, bilobed, pale honey yellow, mouth pointed. Body
robust, tapering a little at the ends, feet normal, slender, dilated at the ends as
usual in the Pterophoridae. Primary hairs simple, coarse, white, i and ii
closely approximated, the tubercles black ; iii single, iv and v closely approxi-
mated, vi single, the tubercles brownish ringed. Numerous small secondary
hairs all over, white, short, broadly clavate tipped. Olivaceous green, the food
dark; skin densely covered with minute black, flat granules; spiracles black
ringed. Later there is a deep brown spot on tubercle i + ii.

"Pupa. — Attached by the anal extremity, free ; pale yellow, the tubercles
like those of the larva, the dorsal ones colored red. The young larva is with-
out the capitate secondary hairs."

We have at hand a specimen compared by Mr. Meyrick with
Walsingham's type in the British Museum, the specimens, four in
number, which Walsingham placed in the Fernald collection, and a
specimen personally compared with Grinnell's series of bernardinus,
and are thus able to establish beyond reasonable doubt the identity
and synonymy of this easily recognized species. In Grinnell's col-
lection we foimd a series of five specimens over this name which were
apparently those referred to in his description. None of these was

307

labelled type, so we selected the best and supplied it with a type label
bearing a note of the circumstance. We are not acquainted with the
European teticrii with which Walsingham compares his species, and
so must accept his decision that they are distinct.

6. Pterophorus delawaricus Zeller. PI. XLI, fig. 8. PI. XLIX,

fig. 4.
Oxyptilus delawaricus Zeller, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien XXIII, 320, 1873.

Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 29, pi. II, f. 7, 1880.

Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 88, 1891.

Id., Pter. N. A. 19, pi. VI, ff. 7, 8, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 442, 1902.

Dyar. Proc. U. S. N. M. XXV, 397, 1902 (biol.).

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 7, 1910.

Winn, List Ins. Que. 85, 1912.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 7, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.
Oxyptilus bernardinus form finitimus Grinnell, Can. Ent. XL, 315, 1908.
Oxyptilus raptor Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 8, 1913 (in part).

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917 (in part).
Bright golden brown, about the same color as pcriscclidactylus. Antennae
white with brown spots above. Palpi brown at the sides, the vestiture of the
second joint produced into a point below which almost reaches tip of third.
Legs brown and white striped, fore and middle tarsi with each joint partly
brown on one side. Hind legs banded and striped as in the preceding species.
Abdomen with diverging white dashes above and some white scales in the
posterior half below.

Wings marked as in raptor, from which they differ conspicuously in color.
Expanse 13-20 mm.

Distribution: N. J. to ^Mass. and Quebec. S. Cal. to B. C. Early
Tune to early Aug. We have seen a single speciinen from \'an-
couver Id.

This is the only North American species belonging to the group
characterized by the tufted second papal joint and weak, membra-
nous claspers.

Zeller described this species from a single male from the Dela-
ware River which should now be in the British jMuseum. Unfor-
tunately we had not yet placed the species when we submitted speci-
mens to Mr. Meyrick for comparison with the types in that institution,
but from Walsingham's notes in the "Pterophoridae of California and
Oregon" we feel that its identity is sufficiently well established. The

308

single specimen mentioned in Grinnell's description of bcrnardinus and
named fiititimus was found to be without a label in the Grinnell col-
lection, though placed in the series of bernardinus. We labelled this
specimen type. It was so badly rubbed that comparison was difficult,
but left no doubt that it is the same as the species figured by Walsing-
ham under the name dclawaricus. As to the identity of the eastern and
western insects, we have felt some doubt. We have only two speci-
mens from the east, both taken at Essex Co. Park, N. J., by W. D.
Kearfott, June 30 and July 15. One is a male, and we are unable to
find specific differences between its genitalia and those of western
specimens. Our western series, including eleven specimens, comes
from British Columbia and Washington. These specimens are, on
the whole, larger and brighter than the two from New Jersey, but
in the Fernald collection we find these conditions reversed. We are
therefore disposed to believe that Walsingham and Zeller were right
in their reference of the Californian species to delaiivricits. It is quite
likely that the species will be found in intervening territory, either in
the States or in a northward curve in Canada, to connect the isolated
localities which we are now able to give.

Dyar's notes on the early stages are puzzling to us, and we believe
that they cannot refer to the true dclawaricus. Our notes on the
National Museum material do not mention his specimens in detail,
but record no true dchri^'aricns. All Colorado specimens which we
listed were tcnuidactylits. .Since dclawaricus has tufted palpi and weak
genitalia, we should expect its early stages to be decidedly ditlerent
from pcriscclidactylus, which belongs in the other group, and think
that Dyar's notes refer either to raptor or another species. His re-
marks on the adult suggest pcriscclidactylus, though he makes them
in contrasting with that species.

We have examinetl several European species belonging to this
group and concluded that dclaicaricns is distinct from them.

Genus Platyptilia Huebner.

Logotype Aluciia gonodactyla D. & S.

Phityflilia Huebner, Verz. bek. Schmett. 429, 1826.
Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 9, 1886.
Id., op. cit. 485, 1890.
Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

309

Meyrick, Handbook 432, 1895.

Hofmaim, Deutsch. Pter. 48, 60, 1895.

Tutt, Pter. Brit. 22, 1896.

Femald, Pter. N. A. 22, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 442, 1902.

Tiitt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 35, 1905, cites gonodaclyla D. & S. (mcgadactyla
Hbn.) as type.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 9, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 10, 1913.

Walsingham, Biol. Cent. Am., Lep. Het. IV, 437, 1915.

Mosher. Class. Lep. Pupae 70, 1916.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List ISO, 1917.
§Amplyptilia Huebner, Verz. bek. Schmett. 430, 1826.

Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 35, 1905, cites acanthodactyla Hbn as type.
Ainhlyptilia Huebner, Verz. bek. Schmett., Anz. 72, 1827.

Hofmann, Deutsch. Pter. 48, 82, 1895.

Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 35, 1905, cites acanthodactyla as type.

I\Ie\Tick, Gen. Ins. C, 9, 1910.
XPlatyptilus Zeller, Isis X, 764, 1841. New name for Platyptilia Hbn.

Wallengren, Skand. FjSd. 11. 1859.

Zeller, Stett, ent. Zeit. XXVIII, 331, 332, 1867.

Jordan, Ent. Mo. Mag. VI, 120, 1869.

Walsingham, Pter, Cal. Ore. 3, 1880.

Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 35, 1905, cites gonodactyla D. & S. as type.
WCnaemidophorus Wallengren, Skand. Fjad. 10, 1859. Haplotype rhodo-
dactyla D. & S.

Jordan, Ent. Mo. Mag. VI, 120, 1869.

Tutt, Pter, Brit. 18, 1896.

Id., Ent. Rec. XVII, 35, 1905.
tAmblyptilus Wallengren, Skand. Fjad. 13, 1859. New form for Ambtypiilin
Hbn.

Zeller, Stett. ent. Zeit. XXVIII, 331, 335. 1867.

Jordan, Ent. Mo. Mag. VI, 121, 1869.

Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 21, 1880.
Sochchora Walker, List Lep. Ins. B. M. XXX. 952, 1864. Haplotype 5'. don-
atclla Wlk.

Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 36, 1905.

Walsingham, Biol. Cent. Am., Lep. Het. IV, 436, 1915.
tCncmidophorus Zeller, Stett. ent. Zeit. XXVIII, 332, 1865.
Eucnacmidophortis Wallengren, Ent. Tidsk. II, 96, 1881. New name for Cnae-
midophorus Wallengren, preoccupied.

Hofmann, Deutsch, Pter. 48, 57, 1895.

Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 26, 1905.

310

Cilbcrtia Walsingham, Ent. Mo. Mag. XXVII, 259, 1891. Orthotype G. eques
Wlsm.
Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 36, 1891.
Crocydoscclus Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 35, 1897. Orthotype C.
fcrruginea Wlsm.
Tutt, Ent. Rec XVII, 36, 1905.
Gillmeria Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 27, 1905. Orthotype ochrodactyla D. & S.
Frcdericina id., loc. cit. Orthotype cdodactyla D. & S.

Front with a prominent scale tuft in some species, usually with at least
a moderate tuft. Palpi short, scarcely exceeding front, to long; second
joint obhque, third porrect. Tibiae sometimes with slight scale tufts. Fore
wings cleft not more than one-third their length, anal angle evident on
both lobes, in some species prominent and in some retreating. Vein Cu,. well
before angle, Cu^ near angle. R^, R., and R- separate, R„ and R^ stalked.
Hindwings trifid, third segment with black scales or scale tuft in fringes of
inner margin in most species. Vein Cu., from middle of cell, CUj from near
angle. (See pi. XLVIII, fig. 3).

As noted by Meyrick in the Genera Insectorinn this genus ap-
proaches Stcnoptilia closely. In some of the species which we include
here the black scales are lacking, and we retain them in Platyptilia
only because they seem generally closer to the characteristic species
of that genus. Referring again to Meyrick in this connection, we
quote his statement that "as the two types are really quite distinct
and in general easily separable on a comparison of all the characters,
it is desirable to keep them separate."

We are not adopting the grouping proposed for this genus, based,
so far as it concerns us, on the scale tuft, because it is likely to prove
too confusing in the separation of the North American species.

The identification of these insects is by no means easy, though
some of the species are well marked and may be recognized without
trouble. Others are difficult to place, even with an abundance of
material and authentic specimens at hand. Of these we can only
say that careful study of the superficial characters has led us to believe
that the species which we retain are all valid, with possibly one or two
exceptions. Unfortunately the genitalia are of no assistance in such
cases, for throughout the genus they seem to differ in proportion to
the other characters. Keying such a genus has naturally been a try-
ing task, and unsatisfactory in its results, but we feel that the key
which we present will suffice for the identification of most material.

311

Key to the Species

1. Frontal tuft as long as eye or longer, conical 2

Frontal tuft usually distinctly shorter and more blunt. Doubtful speci-
mens may be placed by presence of dark triangle on primaries before
cleft 4

2. Tuft longer than palpi albcrtae

Tuft not longer than palpi. Faint dark scale tuft in fringes of inner
margin of third feather, or scattered dark scales .3

3. Scale tooth near middle of feather; no other dark scales present

pallidactyla

Scale tooth near end of feather; sometimes not evident Carolina

4. Palpi short, slightly exceeding front. Third feather with a weak scale

tuft near middle tesseradactyla

Palpi distinctly exceeding front or species otherwise different 5

5 Third feather of secondaries with a well marked tuft of dark scales in
fringes of inner margin, usually with scattered black scales preceding it C
This tuft entirely absent or faint, and of very slender scales, rarely pre-
ceded by other dark scales 16

6. Scale tuft at middle of margin 7

Scale tuft beyond middle (in some cases scarcely beyond, beginning at
middle) 9

7. Color more or less tawny. Second joint of hind tarsi scarcely dark

tipped. Wings usually warm brown 8

Color gray-brown. Second joint of hind tarsi as deeply dark tipped as
those following zvilHamsii

8. Scale tuft strong, triangular, sometimes prolonged carduidactyla

Scale tuft weaker, scarcely triangular, sometimes very faint or even
absent pcrcnodactyla

9. Scale tuft within distal third of feather 10

Scalt tuft farther from end of feather 13

10. Brown, conspicuously marked with white. Third feather of secondaries

chiefly white except opposite scale tooth rhododactyla

Not such species 11

11. Abdomen evenly colored or with faint parallel stripes; a variable num-
ber of segments with single dorsal dots on hind margins. A small

species crcniilata

Abdomen with oblique stripes and rough vestiture 12

12. Size usually large, 19-31 mm. Grayish with conspicuous dark markings.

Scales in tuft of about equal length throughout cdwardsii

Size moderate, 20 mm. Dark gray with the markings scarcely darker.
Scales in tuft becoming more or less perceptibly shorter outward, tuft
therefore slightly triangular auriga

13. First lobe of primaries beyond base of cleft with a triangular pale
brown spot resting on cleft with apex on costa. Scale tuft about two-
thirds from base marmarodactyla

Triangle vague or absent. Tuft just beyond middle 14

312

14. Wings in general warm brown acanthodactyta

Wings of colder shades; grayish or black and white 15

15. Contrastingly black and white. Abdomen distally white above and

below P'^"

Rarely with contrasting black and white areas; the white always suf-
fused and powdery. Abdomen without the white areas punctidactyla

16. With a few slender dark scales very faintly indicating a scale tuft near
end of third feather of secondaries, scarcely visible to the naked eye
and occasionally lacking. A large species with the dark areas gray.

Expanse 27 mm. or over albidorsclla

Dark scales scattered or absent. If grayish, size usually less than 26
mm 1'

17. Triangular patch at base of cleft well marked and usually conspicu-
ously darker than wing 1^

Triangular patch never well developed, usually not indicated 22

18. Size large, expanse about 35 mm grandis

Smaller, less than 30 mm 19

19. Hind tibiae with dark areas in the form of more or less definite annuli

at bases of spurs ; sometimes entirely pale 20

Hind legs more evenly suffused with dark shades or inwardly dark and
outwardly pale 21

20. Pale areas brownish white to buff white fragilis

Pale areas white to pale gray albida

21. Brown, only the dark brown triangular patch conspicuous. Fresh speci-
mens with a powdering of bluish scales on the primaries. Outer margin

of second lobe evenly rounded, anal angle retreating alhiciliata

Ground color buff. Triangular patch brownish black. Outer margin
of second lobe slightly wavy, with a median prominence. Anal angle

more prominent ortUocarfi

General color more grayish shastac

22. Costal lobe of primaries with a conspicuous oblique black dash, .fctrodactyla
Without such a dash ii

23. Inner margin of primaries with two clusters of dark scales in fringes

below base of cleft macii

Fringe of this margin without such marks 2-1

24. Primaries with two brown and two whitish transverse bands of about
equal width on first lobe or darker and with a faint scale tuft at middle

of third feather of secondaries albicans

Only one narrow pale transverse band, if any 25

25. Costal fringes of primaries pale (subapical) xylopsamma

Costal fringes dark 26

26. With a dark dot before base of cleft 27

Without such a dot albiilliala

313

27. With a pale longitudinal dash near costa of primaries above base of
cleft in most specimens. Costa usually darker before cleft. Subterm-
inal pale line on first lobe usually traceable. Two spots or a transverse

line before cleft in many specimens schwarzi

Costa more evenly colored. Subterminal line rarely faintly marked. A
single heavy spot before cleft modesta

1. Platyptilia rhododactyla D. & S. PI. XLIII, fig. 3.
Alucita rhododactyla Denis & SchifTermueller, Wien. Verz. 146, 1776.
Ptcrophonis rhododactylus Fabricius, Mant. Ins. II, 258, 1787.

Porritt, Ent. Mo. Mag. XII, 88, 1875 (biol.).
Cmicmidophorus rhododactylus Wallengren, Skand. Fjad. 1(1. 1859.

Tutt, Pter. Brit. 19, 1896 (biol.).
Platyptilus rhododactylus Walker, List Lep. Ins. B. M. XXX, 928, 1864.
Eucncmidophorus rhododactylus Hofmann, Deutsch, Pter. 58, 1895 (biol.).
Platyptilia rhododactyla Meyrick, Handbook 435, 1895.

Dyar, Ent. Rec. XI, 140, pi. I, f. 4, 1899 (larva).

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 10, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 11, 1913.
Bright brown, thorax white behind. Antennae dotted with dark brown
and white above. Palpi short, scarcely exceeding front. Legs white, femora
brown, tibiae with brown tufts, joints of hind tarsi brown tipped. Abdomen
without marks.

Primaries crossed by an oblique white band just before cleft. This band
widens or turns outward near inner margin, which it does not always reach.
First lobe with a slight whitish dash near apex. Disk with vague white spots,
one near inner margin one-third from base, and one in cell near middle of
wing. Transverse line bordered inwardly opposite cleft by a dark brown dash
preceded by an area slightly darker than the ground color. Costa with a few
white scales. Outer margin with a dark terminal line, fringes whitish with
small tufts of brown scales in their base at apex of both lobes and anal angle
of first, and a broad tuft at anal angle of second, gray brown opposite all tufts
and in cleft. Hind wings also brown, but of a duller shade than primaries.
Third feather white in basal tw-o-thirds with some brown scales. Fringes gray-
brown, with white scales along inner margin and at apex of third feather,
and a large tuft of brown scales preceding apex. Expanse about 22 mm.

We have been unable to examine the male genitalia of this species,
for our series includes only four females.

Distribution: Europe. The only North American specimens
which we have seen are the series reared by Miss Murtfeldt at Kirk-
wood, ^lo. Whether the species is actually established on this con-
tinent or not, we are unable to say. The series mentioned is dated
]\Tay and June of several years. We have two of the specimens from

314

the Kearfott collection, one from Dr. W. T. M. Forbes from the
Murtfeldt collection at Cornell, and a single European specimen ob-
tained through Mr. Busck. The Cornell collection contains thirteen
other specimens from Miss Murtfeldt and the Fernald collection one.

The life history of the species has been described in a number
of places. We reproduce the descriptions of larva and pupa given
by Porritt in the Ent. Mo. Mag. :

Larva: "Length about half an inch, and of tolerable bulk in proportion:
body cylindrical and strongly attenuated towards the extremities; is consid-
erably retractile, and when at rest has a dumpy appearance; the head is small,
globular, smooth and shining, about the same width, or perhaps ver>- slightly
narrower, than the second segment ; the segmental divisions are distinctly
marked; the skin soft, but has a slightly rough appearance, and is sparingly,
though conspicuously, clothed with short hairs.

"The ground-colour is a rather bright greenish-yellow, in some specimens
yellowish-green; the head is grayish, with the cheeks and mandibles shining
black. A very conspicuous purple stripe forms the medio-dorsal line, — from
the 2nd to 6th segment this stripe appears as composed of round purplish marks
joined at the segmental divisions, consequently the stripe is rather broad ; on
the remaining segments it is much narrower and more uniform, but equally
distinct ; the sub-dorsal and spiracular lines are yellow, but only faintly indi-
cated; the segmental divisions are also yellow. The ventral surface and prolegs
are uniformly dingy green or yellowish, according to the ground of the dorsal
surface ; legs black and shining.

"The larvae were found feeding on wild rose, beneath the leaf overlapping
the rosebud, eating into the unexpanded bud from the side ; others, however,
were found feeding in similar positions at the tips of the young shoots. When
full-grown those that have been feeding on the buds affix themselves to the side
of the leaf close by the bud, and draw the leaf and the bud together by means
of a few silken threads; the others draw together in a similar way several
leaves at the end of the young shoot.

"The pupa is about three-eighths to half-an-inch in len.gth ; pale green,
the wing-cases whitish,— the eye- antenna- and leg-cases, also the edging of the
wing cases, smoky-black."

Tutt, in the Pterophorina of Britain, quotes these descriptions
with a very few additions.

2. Platyptilia marmarodactyla Dyar. PI. XLI, fig. 9. PI. L,

fig. 10.
Platvplilia marmarodaclyla Dyar, Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 442, 1902.

Id,, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. V, 296, 1903.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 11, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 13, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.

315

Platyptilia pasadencnsis Grinnell, Can. Ent. XL, 317, 1908.
Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 13, 1913.
Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.

In general brownish-gray, with faint transverse whitish lines on the pri-
maries, producing a wavy appearance. Head and thorax with scales pale edged,
the latter with a velvety black area behind, followed by a broad white margin.
Abdomen with some whitish scales. Antennae slightly paler below than above,
palpi moderate, oblique, exceeding the short blunt frontal tuft. Legs whitish,
with dark bands and stripes on fore and mid tibiae. Hind tibiae entirely dark.
All tarsi with dark annuli.

Primaries narrow, both lobes crossed near outer margin by a slender,
wavy white line. The terminal area is marked with white scales. Transverse
line preceded by a dark triangle whose base rests on the costa, and followed
by a dark costal dot ; in second lobe preceded by a dark shade. A dark trans-
verse line before the cleft is connected to a dark costal triangle, and the space
between this and the similar outer mark is pale brownish buff. This pale mark,
roughly triangular, is a convenient distinguishing feature of the species. From
the apex of the outer dark triangle a dark line usually projects into the pale
area. Outer margin crenulate. Fringes greyish, with scattered black scales
in cleft and along inner margin, and a basal row of similar scales on the outer
margin. Secondaries grey-brown, fringes concolorous, with scattered black
scales on inner margin of third feather and a tooth of black scales at two-
thirds from base, usually more or less triangular, but variable. Expanse
16-19 mm.

The male genitalia are quite different from those of the species
to which marmarodaciyla seems most closely related. The narrovir,
regular claspers can readily be examined in situ under a binocular.

Distribution: Colo., S. Cal., Ariz., N. M. We have a series of
over one hundred specimens from San Diego, Cal., taken from late
in April to early June, and late in October. From other California
localities we have specimens taken in March, June, July and August;
from Arizona, April and July, and from Colorado in July. New
Mexico is one of the type localities.

Of the three cotypes submitted to us in the National Museum
material, two from Las Vegas Hot Springs, N. M., Aug., were found
to represent our conception of this species. The third, from the Santa
Rita Mts., Ariz., May 26, 1898, belongs to crcmdata B. & McD., and
bears our label to that effect. The type S of pasadencnsis Grinnell
from Pasadena, Cal., July, proved to be easily referable to this species.

We know nothing of the early stages, except that a label was
pinned into the National Museum series saying that the species is

316

destructive to the flowers of white sage. This may or may not apply
to this species, since the label was not attached to a specimen.

3. Platyptilia cri:ni:lata Barnes & McDunnough. PI. XLI, fig. 15.

PL L, f^g. 5.
Platyptilia crenulata Barnes & McDunnough, Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A. II, 185,
pi. Ill, f. 8, 1913.
Id., Check List 150, 1917.
Grossbeck, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. XXXVII, 135, 1917.

Brownish gray in general appearance, thorax behind and base of abdomen
whitish. Abdomen more tawny, with whitish scales and black dorsal dots in
posterior margins of some segments. Palpi and antennae concolorous with
liead, second joint of the former with a slight scale tuft projecting beneath
the rather prominent third joint. Fore and mid tibiae brown and white striped,
not banded as in marmarodactyla: tarsi dark on one side. Hind legs evenly
drab.

Primaries tawny gray at base, becoming darker outward, more or less
marked with brown and whitish scales. A vague dark triangle on costa before
cleft, apically produced. First lobe crossed by a white line at its outer third,
whence a heavy dark dash and a dark costal shade run toward base, the latter
containing a smaller dash. Tlie region into which these dashes run is pale, as
in marmarodactyla, but less conspicuous. Terminal area with some whitish
scales. Second lobe with whitish scales and a vague indication of a white line.
Fringes whitish to grayish tawny, with black scales along inner margin and a
basal row on tlie conspicuously wavy outer margin. Secondaries gray-brown
with concolorous fringes. Inner margin of third lobe with scattered black
.scales and a variable tuft just before apex. Expanse 9-16 mm.

The form of tiie male genitalia shows that this species is more
closely related to pitnctidactyla than to marmarodactyla, and this is
born out by a close examination of the superficial characters. In gen-
eral habitus, however, it agrees rather better with the latter species.

Distribution : Described from a series of six specimens, a type
i and five "cotypes", from Ft. Myers, Chokololcskee and Everglade,
Fla.. taken in April and May. We are able to add Arizona and south-
ern California to its range, and it probably occurs in the intervening
Gulf States. We have but one Californian specimen from San Diego,
and one from Yuma Co., Ariz., May. The cotype of marmarodactyla
which belongs here was taken in the Santa Rita Mts., Ariz., in May.
A superficial examination of the genitalia of this specimen, which is
now before us, proves beyond a doubt that we are right in separating
it from the remaining cotypes.

Nothing is known of the early stages.

317

4. Platyptilia punctidactyla Haworth. PI. XLI, fig. 10, 11. PI.

L, fig. 13.
Alucita punctidactyla Haworth, Lep. Brit. 479, 1812.
Alucita cosmodactyta Huebner, Samttil. Eur. Schmett., Aluc. pi. VII, £f. 35,

36, 1823.
Alucita ulodactyla Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 1012, 1840.

Platyptilus cosnwdactylus Walker, List Lep. Ins. B. M. XXX, 929, 1864.
Phityf'tilus cosmodactyliis van stacliydalis Frey, Mitt. Schweiz, Ent. Ges. III.
290, 1870.

Id., Stett. ent. Zeit. XXXII, 125, 1871.
Amblypiilus cosmodactyliis Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 23, pi. II, £f. 2, 4, 1880.

Dimmock, Psyche III, 403, 1882.
%Amblyptilia cosmodaotyla Hofmann, Deiitsch Pter. 85, 1895.
Amhlyptilia cosmodactyla id., op.cit. 89, 1895 (biol.).
Amblyptilia punctidactyla Tutt, Pter. Brit. 57, 1896 (bio!.).
Platyptilia cosmodactyla Fernald, Smith's List Lep, N. A. 87, 1891.

Mevrick, Handbook 433, 1895.

Fernald, Pter. N. A. 25, pi. IX, ff. 1-3, 1898.

Dyar, Proc. Wash. Acad. II, 499, 1900.

Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. N. M. 442, 1902.

Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M. XXV, 399, 1902 (biol.).

Id., op. cit. XXVII, 922, 1904 (biol.).

Anderson, Cat. B. C. Lep. 50, 1904.

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 42, 1906.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 12, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List ISO, 1917.

Britton, Ins. Conn. 103, 1920.
Amhlyptilia cosmodactyla ab. nivca Bankes, Ent. Rec. XVIII, 39, 1906.
Platyptilia monticola Grinnell, Can. Ent. XL, 316, 1908.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.
Platyptilia punctidactyla Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 10, 1910.

Head and thorax clothed with black tipped grayish scales Antennae dark
above and light below, the dark area evidently made up of connected spots.
Frontal tuft rather short, bluntly conical, surpassed by the third joint of the
concolorous palpi. Legs blackish, with white scales intermixed, and sometimes
with imperfect white stripes on the fore and middle tibiae and annulate tarsi.
Thorax in well marked specimens black behind with a white W mark. Abdomen
very variable in North American specimens, sometimes with a rather evenly
colored vestiture of mixed white, tawny and blackish scales, sometimes with a
mid dorsal stripe, as in European specimens, made up of paired curved whitish
dashes on the several segments, their convex sides together and the included
space darker.

Primaries brownish gray to olive-black with a very variable superficial
white irroration. Costa with white dots on a blackish ground, running from
base to cleft. A black triangle, paler on the costa, reaches just beyond base

318

of cleft. In some specimens this is reduced or obscured by white scales, leav-
ing a black transverse line before cleft. Beyond this triangle the first lobe
is tawny or whitish, often suffused with gray, and blends into a dark shade
which precedes the usual transverse white line. Terminal area more or less
white-irrorate, apex strongly produced, acute. Second lobe with the transverse
line and dark shade in well marked specimens ; sometimes even grayish. Fringes
white to dark graj', with tufts of black scales along inner margin and a basal
crenulate row, sometimes cut with white, on outer margin. Secondaries brownish
gray, fringes concolorous. Third feather with black scales along inner mar-
gin, a large triangular scale tooth just beyond middle preceded and followed
by whitish fringes, and a small tuft at apex. Expanse 20-23 mm.

We have a series from Crater Lake, Oregon, Aug. 1-7, reared by Dr.
McDunnough from "Castillcia or Orthocarpus sp." Most of these specimens
are of a very uniform dull gray with white irroration obscuring all marks, and
very evenly colored abdomens. In the same series, however, we find specimens
which afford us our best comparison with material from Europe. The species
is extremely variable with us, and usually much less olivaceous than the Euro-
pean examples which we have seen, tending to black and white.

Distribution : Vancouver Is. to Manitoba, south to N. 111., Colo,
and S. Cal., May to August. Alaska, June, in National Museum. Dyar
also records it from Kadiak in July. Europe. The Connecticut record
is possible but seems doubtful.

The life history has been worked out by various European ento-
mologists. The food plants on that continent are recorded as Aqni-
Icgia and Gerantum {fide Tutt) and Prey says that he has reared many
from larvae living in the seed capsules of the former. His var. stachy-
dalis was described from specimens reared from Stachys syhatica.
Tutt expresses doubt that the Stachys-ieeding species is the same as
that on Aquilcgia. He regards the latter as probably cosmodactyla
Hbn. and the former as punctidactyla Haworth. We follow Meyrick's
synonymy, and arc unable to say that our North American species is
distinct from a specimen of cosmodactyla Hbn. from continental
Europe, though they are not an exact match in any case. To this con-
fusion we must add Dr. McDunnough's record of "Castillcia or Ortho-
carpus" as food plant in Oregon, and Dyar's Colorado record of a
larva on Lonicera involucrata! We have no mention of Dyar's speci-
men in our notes on the National Museum material, and so cannot
check the identification, but since his is the only description of a North
American larva known to us which is even possibly this species, we
reproduce it :

319

"Larva.— Head round, vertically bilobed posteriorly, pale testaceous. Body
cylindrical, normal, green, a dull crimson dorsal line with a small oblique
subdorsal dash on joint 6 and a dash on joints 5 to 12; a white subdorsal line
from joint 2 posteriorly to 13 anteriorly and a broken subdorsal one the larger
anterior part on each segment oblique. Tubercles small, hairs single, i and ii
separate, iv and v approximate, v anterior and dorsal to iv. On thorax ia +
ib, iia + iib, iv + v, numerous fine, short, secondary hairs, shorter and easily
differentiated from the primary- ones, bulbous tipped. Hairs all white, not
long, inconspicuous.

"The larva was found resting on the red fruit bract of Loniccra mvolu-
crata, and was not observd to feed, being matured and pupating immediately.
Apparently the larvae do not eat the leaves, but more probably the flowers.
Found at Pine Grove, Platte Canyon, altitude about 7000 feet."

A number of pupa cases in the Barnes collection from Crater
Lake, Ore., show the following characters : Thorax slender, cylindri-
cal, obliquely truncate in front, with two low, dorsal ridges running
back from the head. These are more prominent on the angle of the
thorax, and at their posterior ends opposite ends of wing-cases, form
prominent leaf-like projections. They are continued on the remaining
abdominal segments by rows of low compressed tubercles, acutely
produced in front and less so behind. Below the spiracles is a short
ridge bearing two small setae on each segment. The sheaths of the
appendages are, of course, disarranged, but they show a rather long
projection beyond the thorax. The pupa cases are pale, with a reddish
tinge about the thorax. They are marked by longitudinal brown lines
on the abdomen and two oblique lateral lines on each side of the
thorax. We are unable to distinguish them from a European pupa-
case of cosmodactyla.

We accept Meyrick's arrangement of the synonymy as far as
European names are concerned. There seems to be some doubt that
pimctidactvla is the oldest name, so we follow Hagen's dates for
Maworth's work. We found the type of monticola Grinnell, now in
the Southwest Museum, to be a very poor S specimen, scarcely rec-
ognizable in this difficult group, and at first referred it to marmaro-
dactyla Dyar. A study of the genitalia in situ showed us that it did
not belong there, and subsequent careful examination of the super-
ficial characters convinced us that it was this species.

320

5. Platyptilia pica Walsingham. PI. XLI, fig. 12.
Amhlyttilus pica Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 21, pi. II, f. 1, 1880.
Platyptilia pica Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id., Pter. N. A. 24, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 442, 1902.

Anderson, Cat. B. C. Lep. SO, 1904.

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 42, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 11, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 13, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnotigh, Check List 150, 1917.
Head and thorax clothed with white scales more or less heavily mixed
with tawny and brown. Thorax white behind, with two heavy black dashes.
Antennae whitish, black dotted above. Palpi concolorous, third joint exceeding
the short frontal tuft. All tibiae and tarsi black and white banded, the front
and middle tibiae with also a black stripe.

Primaries white to well beyond base of cleft, followed by a black shade
which terminates at the usual transverse white lines on the two lobes. Costa
black with white spots, and with a heavy black triangle before cleft. Disk with
a black spot at one-fourth from base near inner margin, a few black dots near
middle of this margin, and a black spot at middle of cell. Terminal area brown-
ish with white scales which sometimes cover the darker color. Apex produced,
acute; fringes of outer margin grayish, their bases black and white checkered;
in cleft blackish, and along inner margin whitish with black tufts. Secondaries
gray-brown with concolorous fringes. Inner margin of third lobe with scat-
tered black scales before middle, a large triangular tooth beyond and a small
tuft at apex, the tooth preceded and followed by paler fringes. Expanse
17-24 mm.

The abdomen offers the only constant distinguishing feature. Its upper
surface is marked with a large white triangle on each segment, apex forward,
and tlie last few segments are almost entirely white. Beneath it is broadly
white on its distal half. In some specimens which we refer here the upper
surface almost lacks white, but the under surface retains its white patch.

The male genitalia are as in the preceding species (see pi. L,
fig. 13).

This description is of typical pica. The species varies with a grad-
ual increase in the number of tawny and blackish scales in the white
areas, which may be so numerous as to give the insect the appearance
of piiiictidactyla. We are inclined to believe that the two are good
species, but our material is scanty (eleven specimens) and all from
one locality, so we recognize the possibility that pica may be merely a
form of punctidactyla. Meyrick says in a letter of July 17, 1920, that
"Scotch examples recently stated to be this are, I think, only vars. of
punctidactyla; the true pica seems to be a good species."

321

An interesting and valuable piece of biological work for the ento-
mologists of British Columbia lies in the breeding of these species. By
that alone can we arrive at really satisfactory conclusions concerning
their relationship.

Distribution : Wellington, B. C, May to August. The types
were taken at Crescent City, N. Cal.. and are in the British Museum.
The National Museum collection contains typical pica from Mt. Rainier
and Seattle, Wash. We have seen one specimen from Vancouver Is.

Nothing is known of the early stages.

6. Platvptilia aca.ntthodactyla Huebner. PI. XLI, fig. 13. PI.
L, fig. 13a.

iPtcrophorus calodactylns Fabricius (not D. & S.), Mant. Ins. II, 258, 1787

(fide Mcyyick).
Alucila acanthodactyla Huebner, Samml. Eur. Schmett., Aluc. pi V, ff. 23, 24,

1804-18.
Platyptilus acanlhodactylus Walker, List Lep. Ins. B. M. XXX, 929, 18(4
Amhlyptilia calminthcu Frey, Stett. ent. Zeit. XLVII, 16, 1886.
Ptcrophorus acanlhodactylus Porritt, Ent. Mo. Mag. XXIII, 132, 1886 (biol.).
Amhlyptilia acanthodactyla Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Hofmann, Deutsch. Pter. 85, 1895 (bio!.).

Tutt, Pter. Brit 53, 1896 (biol.).
Amhlyptilia acanthodactyla var. tetralicclla Hofmann, Deutsch, Pter. 86. 1895.
Platyptilia acanthodactyla Meyrick, Handbook 433. 1895.

Fernald, Pter. N. A. 25, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 443, 1902.

Kearfott, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. XXIII, 167, pi. VIII, f. 16. 1907.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 11, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep Cat. pars 17, 12, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.
Genera! color dull brown. Antennae with alternate light and dark spots
above in some specimens, usually uniform dull brown. Palpi and frontal tuft
concolorous, the latter short, surpassed by third joint of former. Legs whitish
with dark bands on tibiae and tarsi; front and middle tibiae also striped; hind
pair mostly brown. Abdomen in poor condition in our series, in one specimen
brown with a faint trace of a dorsal stripe similar to tliat of pnnctidactyla.
Thorax white behind, with two dark brown dashes.

Costa of primaries dotted with white to the brown triangle before cleft.
Disk in some specimens with traces of the wavy white marks found in pnnc-
tidactyla and with the usual vague dark spots near inner margin and in cell.
Both lobes with a heavy transverse white line preceded by a dark brown shade.
Between this shade and tlie dark triangle the wing is more or less tinged with
tawny, containing a small dark dash on the first lobe. Terminal area tinged

322

with gray. Outer margin crenulate, apex of first dots acute, produced. Fringes
grayish witli paler bases, including tufts of dark scales on inner margin and
a basal row on outer, sometimes cut with white. Secondaries as in punctidac-
tyla. Expanse 18-22 mm.

Male genitalia as in punctidaclyla (see plate L, fig. 13), with the
uncus slightly more slender.

Distributions: Europe. We have ten specimens from Carmel,
Cal., taken in April and two from the San Bernardino Mts., Cal., taken
in June and July. The species is in the Fernald collection labelled
West Farms, N. Y.

The early stages have been studied in Europe, and the following
description of the larva is given by Porritt. — After noting that the
larva is very like that of punctidactyla he writes : "As in that species
there are two distinct forms, and intermediate varieties occur partaking
more or less of each of these extreme forms : —

"Var. 1 has the ground color deep purple; head yellowish-grey, or yel-
lowish-brown, marked on the crown and sides with black, the mandibles brown ;
medio-dorsa! stripe smoke-coloured ; sub-dorsal lines, and another line of equal
width below it, white, but interrupted and not very conspicuous; and below
these is another scarcely so pale line along the spiracles ; hairs and the distinct
tubercles white. Ventral surface and prolegs greenish-olive, anterior-legs shin-
ing black, ringed with paler.

"Var. II has the ground color bright pale green; head as in Var. I; the
pulsating dark smoky vessel — in some specimens tinged with pink anteriorly —
forms the dorsal stripe: sub-dorsal lines indistinct, whitish; below these is
another line, but much interrupted and broken into short lengths ; there are
no lines along the spiracular region ; hairs and tubercles white. Ventral sur-
face and prolegs of the bright green of the dorsal area, the legs shining black,
ringed with white."

Tutt vv'rites briefly of the pupa as follows :

"The pupa appears to vary in ground colour to the same extent as the
larvae, the ground colour varying from pale green to dark purple, but getting
darker in the paler forms just before emergence. In this species, as in the
next, [punctidactyla] the antennae cases are quite detached, and these, with
the two curious curved protuberances specially characteristic of this genus
[AmhlyptUia], give it a very strange and curious appearance."

Tutt and Hofmann, in summarizing the biological knowledge of
the species, both mention Stachys, Ononis, Geranium and Pelargonium
as food-plants, and Hofmann adds Salvia, Euphrasia, Bartsia, Mentha
and a few others. It is mentioned as feeding on the buds of most of
tliese, and in one case on leaves.

323

7. Platyptilia tesseradactyla Linn. PI. XLI, fig. 17. PI. L, fig. 8.

Alucita tesseradactyla Linnaeus, Faun. Suec. 370, 1761.
Ptcrophorus tcsscradactybis Fabricius, Mant. Ins. II, 259, 1787.
Pteroplwrus fischeri Zeller, Isis X, 781, 1841.
Platyptilus fischeri Gartner, Wien. ent. Mon. VI, 331, 1862.
Platyptilia tesseradactyla Femald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id., Pter. N. A. 33, pi. VIII, ff. 8, 9, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 444, 1902.

Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXVII, 923, 1904.

Anderson, Cat. B. C. Lep. 50, 1904.

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 42, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 11, 1910.

Winn, List Ins. Que. 85, 1912.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 13, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.
^Platyptilia tessaradactyla Hofmann, Deutsch. Pter. 64, 75, 1895 (biol.).

Vestiture of brownish gray scales, mixed and overlain with whitish
scales. Antennae dotted with white above. Palpi small, so that they appear
scarcely to exceed the front. Legs whitish tinged with brown on one side.
Abdomen with white scales in posterior margins of segments. Thorax white
behind.

Primaries rather evenly grayish, the markings produced by variation in
the mixture of white scales, and therefore powdery and indefinite. Costa
darker, dotted with white, with the usual dark triangle, sometimes very vague,
before cleft. This contains two dark dots connected by a transverse shade,
variably distinct, just before cleft. Outer transverse white line present, incom-
plete on second lobe. Sometimes with a vague dark dot in cell and blotch near
middle of inner margin. Fringes whitish with gray tips, with dark tufts at
apex and anal angle of each lobe, two on inner margin, and a basal row of
dark scales along outer margin. Secondaries brownish gray, fringes slightly
paler with dark scales at tip of each lobe and a weak tuft of approximately equal
dark scales just beyond middle of inner margin of third lobe, sometimes pre-
ceded by scattered scales. Expanse 16-20 mm.
The male genitalia are very simple.

Distribution : Europe. Quebec to N. Y. and Pa., Colo. We
have a series from New Brighton, Pa., taken in May (Merrick), one
from Durham, N. H., and a single $ from Silverton, Colo., taken
early in August. There are New York specimens taken in April and
May in the Cornell collection and two Mass. specimens in the Fernald
collection. In the last there is also one specimen from Marshall's
Pass., Colo., taken July 15, 1888. Dyar lists it from the Kootenai
District, B. C.

324

European specimens in our possession are more brownish and
contrasty than North America, but they show no definite superficial
dififerences, and the genitalia are the same in specimens from both
continents.

Under the synonym fischcri Gartner gives an account of the early
stages which we translate as follows :

The egg is pale green, polished and elongate-spherical, and the larva in
its first stage (zartesten Alter) cream-wliite with separate hairs, black head,
similar cervical and anal shields; later (in September) it bears dorsal and
lateral rows of red-brown dots and after hibernation (middle of March) it
has become stout, without having increased much in length. Head, cervical and
anal shields dark brown, dorsal stripe carmine-red, made up of three-cornered
spots; similar but finer subdorsal and lateral stripes. The ground-color of the
body yellowish, belly reddish. In its adult state the larva is small before and
behind, cylindrical in the middle ; the small head black ; the cream-white cer-
vical shield bears a small black shield-shaped spot (? Schildfleck), which is
divided with light (shades) ; the color of the body is dark red-brown, the
back has on each segment a white spot with two pairs of black spots, of which
the posterior is widely separated ; there are also such spots on the sides, upon
which stand pale hairs; anal shield and claws (!) dark brown. In addition
the larvae vary frequently in the shade of its color.

The slender pupa is tapered behind, the head brownish dark gray, which
color extends over the thorax. Eyes dark, with the point of the head between
them. On the sides of the back the color of the body is ivory yellow (bein-
gelb), the row of dorsal spots and the lateral arched design darker; above the
cremaster is a long, thickly ciliated, somewhat projecting point.. The wing
cases are light greenish, the projecting leg-cases, which are free for three and
one-half segments, brownish; before the hairy cremaster, ventrad, are two
points. The older the pupa, the more brownish-gray mottled it is.

The food plant given by Gartner is Gnaphalinm dioicum L., to
which Hofmann adds G. arcnarimn.

8. Pl..\TVPTILIA CARDUIDACTYL.\ Riley. PL XLIII, fig. 1.

Ptcrophoriis carduidactylus Riley. Mo. Rcpt. I, 180, pi. II, If. 13, 14, 1869 (bio!,).

Id., op. cit. Ill, 67, 187i.

Murtfeldt, Am. Ent. Ill, 235, 1880.
Ptatyptilus carduidactylus Zeller, Stett. ent. Zeit. XXXII, 179, 1871.

Dimmock, Psyche III, 403, 1882.

Id., op. cit. 413, 1882.
tPlatyftilia cardui Zeller, Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien XXIII, 318, 1873.

Walsingham, Biol. Cent. Am., Lep. Het. IV, 438, 1915.
Platyptilus cardui Walsingham, Pter, Cal. Ore 7, pi. I, f. 6, 1880.

Kellicott, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci. IV, 47, 1882 (biol.).

Hy. Edwards, Bull. U. S. N. M. 35, 136, 1889.

325

Pterophorus cardui Riley, Index to Mo. Rept. 83, 1881.

tPlaiyptilia cardiiidactyla Fcmald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id., Pter. N, A. 26, pi. II, ff. 1, 2; pi. VII, ff. 8-11, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52, U. S. N. M., 443, 1902.

Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M. XXVII, 923. 1904.

Anderson, Cat. B. C. Lep. 50, 1904.

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 42, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 11, 1910.

Winn, List Ins. Que. 85, 1912.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 13, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.
PlatyptiUa hesperis Grinnell, Can. Ent. XL, 316, 1908.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 15, 1913,

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.
Brownish buff, thorax whitish behind. Antennae dotted with brown above.
Frontal tuft moderate, blunt, surpassed by third joint of oblique palpi. Front
and middle legs brownish inside, dark without, the tarsi distinctly pale. Hind
tibiae with two broad brown bands ; tarsi with at least the second joint entirely
whitish.

Primaries with the costa dark brown dotted with white as far as the usual
brown triangle, which is much the darkest part of the wing. Disk with blotches
near inner margin at about one-fourth and three-fifths from base, and a spot
in cell. The heavy triangle contains a dark transverse dash before cleft which
is visible only in paler specimens. Beyond triangle there is a transverse line
of ground color, often obsolete except on costa; both lobes thence pale brown,
crossed by a vague light Hne toward outer margin ; terminal area usually with
some hoary scales. Fringes grayish-buff with a row of brown scales in base
along outer margin, gray tufts at apices and anal angles, and two dark brown
scale tufts on inner margin. Apex acute, moderately produced. Secondaries
gray-brown, fringes slightly paler with short dark scales at apices of first two
lobes. Fringes of inner margin of third lobe with a prominent triangular
tooth of dark brown scales at middle, its point perhaps slightly before middle
of lobe. This tooth is preceded and followed by a variably complete row of
short, dark scales, and the lobe is whitish before it. Expanse 20-27 mm.

The species varies to a duller brown, sometimes with a purplish tinge,
and reduced contrasts. Darker specimens show some superficial whitish ves-
titure.

Male genitalia as in pcrcnodactyla Wlsm. (see plate L, fig. 14).
Distribution: Laborador (Aug.) to D. C. (May), west to the
Pacific Coast. We have it from various localities taken in every
month from May to September, inclusive.

Riley, in his initial paper on the species, gives an interesting
account of the early stages. According to this account the larvae
are gregarious, living in webbed heads of common thistles. Eight to

326

twelve are said to live together, and different stages may be found
in one group. The pupal instar lasts one week. Riley apparently did
not learn the stage of hibernation, and we are unable to supply this
information. He describes the larva and pupa as follows:

"Larva. — Average length 0.60. Largest in the middle of body, tapering
thence each way. Color light straw-yellow — greener when young. Somewhat
darker, partly translucent, dorsal, subdorsal and stigmata! lines. Two lateral
rows of black spots, the lower spots rather smaller and placed behind the upper
ones. A third row above these, and others along the back, but so small that
they are generally imperceptible with the naked eye, except on the thoracic
segments, being especially distinct on segment 2. Head small, black, sometimes
inclining to brown. Cervical shield black, divided longitudinally in the middle
by a higher line. Caudal plate also black. Segment 11, besides the spots above
mentioned, has two transverse black marks, the posterior one the largest.
Thoracic legs black, the others of the same color as the body."

"Pupa. — Average length 0.45.— Soft, dull yellow, with a lateral dusky line,
each side of dorsum, and another, less distinct each side of venter. Also dusky
about the head and wing-sheaths."

From two voided pupal skins we are able to add that the pupa
is much less angular and rather stouter than that of punctidactyla
already described. The dorsal ridges are present, but very low, and
the leaf-like projections and tubercles are not at all developed. The
cases of the appendages form a very short ventral process.

We have had much difficulty in deciding whether or not this and
the following species are distinct, and have come to the conclusion
that they probably are. The differences are mentioned under percno-
dactyla. The types of hesperis Grinnell belong to carduidactyla ac-
cording to our concept.

9. Platyptilia I'ERCNODACTYLA Walsitigham. PI. XLIII, fig. 2. PI.
L, fig. 14.

Platyptilns percnodactyhis VValsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 8, pi. I, f. 7, 18S0.
XPlatyptUia percnodactyla Femald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id., Pter. N. A. 27, pi. VIII, ff. 14, IS, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 443, 1902.

Anderson, Cat. B. C. Lep. 50, 1904.

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 42, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 11, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 14, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.

The appearance of this species is substantially that of the preced-
ing, and for a time we regarded them as the same. We have con-

327

eluded, however, that their distinctness is sufficiently probable to war-
rant the retention of both names. Walsingham, in describing this
species, contrasts it with Riley's, and says that it has shorter fore
wings with a less prominent apex, and that it is in general less robust.
We have carefully studied a large series from all parts of the country,
and are convinced that the species cannot always be separated on this
basis. Fernald separates them in his monograph on a difference in
the extent of the brown bands on the hind tibiae. This we regard as
wholly insufficient. The series which we finally retain as percno-
dactyla differs from our carduidactyla in the greatly reduced scale
tooth. In carduidactyla, as noted, this is distinctly triangular. In
pcrcnodactyla it is often very weak, and is made up of scales of ap-
proximately equal length. The two paratypes in the Fernald collec-
tion, and, according to Meyrick's comparison of our specimen, Wal-
singham's own series, have this type of scale tooth.

Distribution: B. C. to Alta., south to Wyo., Utah and S. Cal.,
June to August.

The early stages are unknown, and may, when studied, clear up
the standing of the species.

10. Platyptilia CAROLINA Kearfott. PI. XLI, fig. 16. PI. I., fig. 13.
Platyttilia Carolina KearfoU, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. XXIII, 155, pi. VIIl,
f. 17, 1907.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17. 16, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.
Tawny. Frontal tuft prominent, conical. Palpi oblique, exceeding tuft:
second joint with a short tuft projecting below third. Antennae dotted with
brown above. Legs brownish within, whitish outside ; hind pair slightly darker
at bases of spurs and ends of tarsal joints. Abdomen with paired white spots
in terminal margins of several segments. These are not evident in some of
our specimens, probably due to stain.

Primaries concolorous with body at base, often darkening toward apex.
Outer margin with a few dark scales, costa brown before apex and cleft pre-
ceded by two brown dots. Other marks very variable, consisting of the two
usual discal spots and dark triangle. Lobes crossed by a pale outer line, poorly
marked in most specimens and sometimes absent. Fringes whitish with a basal
row of dark brown scales along outer margin, pencils of grayish hairs at
apices and inner angles, and two brown scale teeth and some scattered scales
on inner margin. Secondaries rather darker than primaries with more grayish
fringes. Inner margin of third lobe with scattered brown scales in the fringes
and in its outer third a small scale tooth, sometimes lacking. Expanse 18-26 mm.
Distribution : N. J., N. C, Utah, Cal. May to Sept.

328_

Two of the cotypes, a S and a 9 , are in the Barnes collection.
These are North Carolina specimens taken in May and June in the
Black Mountains, and are the lightest and brightest of our series.
Four from New Jersey, taken in June, August and September, differ
in the stronger brown markings. The Utah specimens were taken in
July and August, and are rather dull and evenly colored, and the
one Californian example, from Carmel, June, is similar. We regarded
the western specimens as a distinct species for a time, and separated
them by the even color and moderate apex of the primaries. In the
New Jersey specimens the apex is sharply produced and the outer
margin of the first lobe deeply concave, but we note that there is some
variation, and that one of the cotypes has the apex nearly the same
as the western series.

The remainder of Kearfott's series is in the American Museum.

Some specimens are almost as dull as albiciliata Wlsm. but differ
in possessing scale teeth on the inner margin of the primaries and in
a few minor points. The uncus is more pointed in Carolina and
broadly spatulate in albiciliata. In slides of the former it is sometimes
flattened so that the tip is somewhat spatulate, but it does not show
this form in situ.

11. Platvptilia edwardsii Fish. PI. XLIV. fig. 1.
Platyftilus edwardsii Fisli, Can. Ent. XIII, 72, 1881.
Platyptilia edwardsii Fernald. Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id., Pter. N. A. 25, pi. VII, ff. 6, 7, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 443, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 10, 1910.

Winn, List Ins. Que. 85, 1912.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 11, 1913.

Grossbeck, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. XXXVII, 135, 1917.
^Platyptilis edwardsii Beutenmueller, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. IV, 198, 1892.
tPlatyptilia edwardsi Barnes & McDunnough, Check List ISO, 1917.

Head brownish with a mixture of whitish scales; thorax somewhat hoary,
whitish behind ; abdomen apparently with a dark mixture of gray-brown and
ochreous scales, beneath with converging whitish dashes. Antennae sometimes
dotted above. Palpi moderate, oblique, scarcely exceeding the short, conical
frontal tuft. Fore and mid tibiae whitish with dark brown stripes, tarsi and
hind legs with dark shades.

Primaries buff, freo.uently tinged with brown and lioary with wliitish
scales, the buff appearing only in the pale markings and along the inner margin.
The usual dark triangle, blackish brown, contains a heavy transverse dash,
scarcely visible, before cleft. Brown shade continued along costa to base, toward

329

which it becomes faint. Brown spot in cell is usually connected with costa.
Inner margin frequently with brown shades. Both lobes with pale outer line,
incomplete on second, preceded by a heavy brown shade which blends into
buff or grayish toward triangle. This shade on first lobe sometimes paler,
showing a heavy brown dash near cleft. Terminal area hoary with whitish
scales over brown. Fringes whitish with a row of dark brown basal scales
cut with white on outer margin. Inner margin with two slight dark scale
teeth. Apex moderate. Secondaries gray-brown with concolorous fringes which
have pale bases on inner margin of third feather and there contain scattered
brown scales and a variable, but always weak tuft of slender, almost equal
brown scales within outer third of feather. Expanse 19-29 mm.

The male genitalia resemble those of Carolina (see plate L, fig.
15).

Distribution : Mass., N. H. ; Fernald adds Maine and Winn lists
it from Que. in July; B. C, Wash., July and August.

The early stages are unknown.

Edwardsii was described from two males and three females taken
at Boston by Hy. Edwards and five males and one female from Am-
herst., Mass., by L. W. Goodell. Of the first five, one male and one
female are now in the American Museum, and the remaining three
in the Fernald collection. One of these, a male, we have labelled
lectotype; the others are a female and a specimen without abdomen.
We know nothing of the types from Amherst, though a fragmentary
specimen with a type label in the Fernald collection may be one of
them. This collection also contains a series of fifteen specimens
labelled only "T 6/9" or "T 6/10". One of these is labelled as a type,
but the word "type" is crossed out. We have seen several specimens
from the Hope Mts. (Day) and Mt. Cheam, B. C. (Blackmore). The
one Washington specimen which we include in our series was taken
in the third week of July on Mt. Rainier. Its expanse is only 19 mm.,
seven under the usual minimum, but it seems to be a dwarf of this
species without doubt.

Many of the specimens in the Fernald collection are moderate in
size and rather dark. We have felt that these may possibly be con-
fused with the following species, and hence selected the large male
type as lectotype. There is no reason to believe that the types are
not all of the same species, however.

330

12. Platyptilia AURIGA n. sp. PI. XLIV, fig. 2.

General color gray, with a very slight brownish tinge. Scales of head and
thorax with paler bases, thorax whitish behind. Antennae spotted above.
Frontal tuft short, conical; palpi rather long, oblique, slender. Fore and mid
tibiae black-striped, tarsi with slight dark shades on one side. Hind legs grayish
with darker bands, three distal tarsal joints mostly whitish. Abdomen with
diverging light and dark stripes above, sometimes obscured (stained?) except
in posterior margins of segments, and parallel stripes below.

Primaries dull dark gray, variably, usually slightly, irrorate with white
scales. Cleft preceded by a transverse black dash which forms the outer margin
of an imperfectly developed triangular patch reaching the costa but fading
out basad. Cleft outlined with blackish in its basal half. Both lobes with
blackish dashes reaching the outer pale line, which is more or less incomplete.
Dashes sometimes obscured in a general dark shade. Fringes white, gray
tipped, with black basal scales on outer margin. Apices and anal angles with
gray fringes, inner margin with several scale teeth and scattered black scales.
Secondaries and their fringes concolorous with primaries. Fringes of inner
margin of third feather with pale bases containing numerous black scales and a
somewhat triangular tooth just before apex. Expanse about 18 mm.

Holotype 3 , paratype S , paratype ? , and an indeterminate paratype, Essex
Co. Park, N. J. (Kearfott), May, June and Sept., in coll. Barnes.

Allotype, Greenwood Lake, N. J., May 30 (Kearfott), coll. Barnes.

Paratype S, Black Mts., N. C, May (Beutenmiiller), coll. Barnes.

Paratype S, Essex Co. Park, N. J., Aug. U. S. N. M. No. 23461.

In addition to the types we have a single broken specimen from
Montclair, N. J-

The early stages are unknown.

This species resembles dark specimens of edzvardsii and is not
unlike the female which we are calling zvilliamsii Grin., but the form
and position of the black scale-tooth alone suffice to distinguish it.
The markings of the abdomen are useful in good specimens. The
male genitalia resemble those of Carolina (see plate L, fig. 15).

13. Platyptilia williamsit Grinnell. PI. XLI, fig. 14.

Platyptilia williamsii Grinnell, Can. Ent. XL, 315, 1908.
Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 14, 1913.
XPlatyptilia williamsi Barnes & McDunnough, Check List ISO, 1917.

Head and thorax with mixed ochreous-brown and whitish scales. Antennae
brown dotted above; frontal tuft moderate, conical; palpi longer than head,
rather stout, almost porrect. Abdomen stained in our one specimen, brown,
hoary above, according to Grinnell. Hind legs as described by Grinnell, brown
and white banded, but others shaded on one side.

331

The primaries appear to be gray with blackish marks, but under a lens
they are seen to be more ochreous-brown with dark brown patches, with white
irroration forming a trace of transverse wavy Unes and dotting the brown
costa. The brown triangular spot is poorly defined toward base of wing. Cell
with a brown spot. Our one female has the basal half of the cleft margined
with dark brown and the outer white line preceded by heavy dark patches
which are apparently continuous to the naked eye. Terminal area distinctly
hoary. Apex rather prominent. Fringes brownish gray with whitish bases
containing brown and white scales. Inner margin with numerous scattered
black scales and a few small clusters. Secondaries gray-brown with concolor-
ous fringes. Third lobe with a slight triangular scale tooth at middle, as in
carduidactyla, preceded by scattered black scales.

We have the following note on the type : Unique type lacks the
subterniinal dark area of the compared specimen, this region being
even brown. Otherwise type is less contrasty. The two agree in the
form of markings, palpi, and fairly well in the scales of the third
feather of the secondaries ; here the compared specimen has a more
definite tuft.

Grinneirs type was reared from the head of a composite flower
at Lake Merced, San Mateo Co., Cal., in May. Our specimen is
labelled "Larva in flowers of Grindelia robusta. Alameda Co., Cal.
Dec." Considering this similarity of larval habit and several peculi-
arities common to the two imagines, notably the long palpi and position
of the scale tooth, we think that the two specimens are of the same
species and that the adtlitional data supplied by ours may be applied
here without hesitation.

14. Platyptilia orthocarpi Walsingham. PI. XLIH, fig. 4.

Platyptilus orthocarpi Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 11, pi. I, f. 9, 1880.

Dimmock, Psyche III, 403, 1882.

Hy. Edwards. Bull. 35 U. S. N. M. 136, 1889.
Platyptilia orthocarpi Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id., Pter. N. A. 29, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52, U. S. N. M. 443, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 11, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 14, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.
Head and palpi brownish ochreous, the latter moderate, oblique, touched
with white above and below. Antennae W'ith dark dots above. Thorax mostly
whitish in front and behind, brownish ochreous across tips of patagia. Legs
whitish with pale brownish shades, the fore and mid tibiae sometimes with
traces of stripes lost in the dark areas. Abdomen brownish ochreous with two

black puints and some while scales in posterior margin of each segment beyond
middle; similar below, with two pale ventral stripes.

Primaries ochreous along inner margin, mixed brown and white with a few
ochreous scales toward costa. Costa itself narrowly blackish brown with white
dots. Dark triangle before cleft. Terminal area brown, hoary with white
scales, preceded by a faint transverse pale line, less complete on second lobe.
Spaces between this and triangle ochreous irrorate with white, with an elongate
triangular brown dash and costal shade on first lobe and two dashes on second.
Cleft margined with a few dark scales. Fringes white, grayish at angles, with
the usual basal dark brown scales along outer margin. Inner margin with
scattered brown scales and two poorly marked clusters. Secondaries brown,
third feather more ochreous. Fringes more grayish with white bases along
inner margins and at apices of first two lobes, containing a few brown scales
in basal half of third lobe. Expanse 20-26 mm.

We have not examined the genitalia of a typical example. In
forms which may belong to this species they are similar to those of
Carolina, but with a broadly spatulate uncus.

Distribution: Type locality N. Ore.; one paratype 9 is in the
Fernald collection. We have a single typical specimen from British
Columbia, taken by Mr. G. O. Day in June

The types were reared from a species of Orthocarpiis. but we
have no knowledge of the early stages beyond this. .

We doubtfully associate with this species a number of specimens
from Utah, Colo., Nev.. Mont, and Cal., taken May to July. Meyrick
returned some of these specimens as orthocarpi after comparing them
with the types in the British Museum, and though they are easy to
separate from the typical form, we find it hard to believe that they
are not very closely related to it. Together with fragilis, shastae and
albida they make up an extremely difificult group which we are inclined
to believe in a state of evolution. The named forms can he recog-
nized. Iiut whether to regard them as forms and races of one species
or as distinct species is a question which we are unable to decide. We
give here a general characterization of the group, and under eacli
name point out the features which we regard as distinctive of that
form.

The head, body and appendages are as described under orthocarpi.
varying in shade from white to dark grayish and ochreous, and with
the legs variably marked. The markings of the abdomen are reduced
or absent.

333

The primaries vary from ochreous buff to white or dull grayish.
The dark triangle is always present, brown to dark brownish gray,
continued in a white-dotted costal stripe toward base. Lobes crossed
by pale line and triangle followed by a pale shade, the included space
with a brown or gray shade, rarely with the dark dashes of orthocarpi
indicated by a few dark scales. Terminal area hoary. Fringes as in
orthocarpi. Spot in cell and near base and middle of inner margin
variable. We regard orthocarpi as properly included in this group,
but give a separate description of it because the typical form is so
distinct. As in that species, the genitalia of the three following re-
semble those of Carolina but have a broadly spatulate uncus.

15. Platvptili.\ fragilis Walsingham. PI. XLIII, fig. 5.
Platyt'tihis fragilis Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 16, pi. 1, f. 12, 1880.
Platyftilia frayiUs Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id.. Pter. N. A. 28. 1898.

Id., Bull. 52, U. S. N. M., 443, 1902.

Anderson, Cat. B. C. Lep. SO, 1904.

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 42, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 11, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17. 14, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.
iSteiwptUia coloradcnsis Grinnell, Can, Ent. XL, 321, 1908 (in part).

In this fonn the general color is more or less huff or hrownish, the marks
of the primaries usually all present and well marked. The fore and middle tibiae
are definitely striped, and the hind tibiae and tarsi usually with evident dark
bands on a whitish ground. Expanse 20-24 mm.

Distribution : Ariz., Cal., Wash, east to Colo. July, Sept.

Brightly marked specimens of this group with bufif or brownish
appearance and conspicuous maculation may safely be placed here.
The doubtful specimens mentioned under orthocarpi may belong to
this form.

16. Platyptilia albida Walsingham. PI. XLIII, fig. 6.
Platyptilus albidus Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 10, pi. I, f. 8, 1880.
tPlaiyptiUa albida Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id., Pter. N. A. 29. pi. VIII, ff. 10, 11, 1898.
Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 443, 1902.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 11, 1910.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 15, 1913.
Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.
In albida the legs are marked as in fragilis and the wings show about the
same dark areas, but of a much colder shade of brownish-gray, almost black.

334

The head and body are whitish above. On the primaries all pale areas are
heavily clothed with whitish scales and all dark spots but the large triangle
more or less irrorate with white. Expanse about 21 mm.

Distribution : The types were taken on the Rouge River, S. Ore.,
and in Lake County, Cal., in May and June respectively. We have
four specimens from Monache Meadows, Tulare Co., Cal., taken at an
altitude of 8000 ft. in July.

There are two paratypes in the Fernald collection. (3ne lacks the
wings on one side, and agrees with our specimens as described above.
The other is in good condition and is less contrasty.

From some two hundred specimens of this group in the Barnes
collection, including a good series from the locality mentioned above,
we have picked only the four specimens which seem to us typical of
this form. Others from the same locality appear to be nearer fragilis
and shastae.

17. Platyptilia shastae Walsingham. PI. XLIII, fig. 7.
Platyptilus shastae Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 14, pi. I, f. 11, 1880.

Dimmock, Psyche III, 403, 1882.
Platyptilia shastae Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id., Pter, N. A. 28, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N, M. 443, 1902

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 42, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 11, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 15, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List ISO, 1917.
Shastae is in general of cold shades, but much darker than albida. The
legs, as noted in the key, tend more to a variably complete suffusion of gray
and the head and body are usually noticeably gray above. The spots near the
inner margin of the primaries are completely lacking in the typical form, and
that in the cell is fused with the dark costal area. All other marks are as in
albida and the other forms, but the wings have a vaguely marked, dull-gray
appearance. Expanse about 22 mm.

Distribution: California, June and July; Utah, June. The type
locality is Mt. Shasta, where the types were taken at an altitude of
6,700 ft.

18. Platyptilia albidorsella Walsingham. PI. XLIII, fig. 9.
Platyptilus albidorsellus Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 13, pi. I. f. 10, 1880.
tPlatyptilia albidorsella Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id., Pter. N. A. 30, pi. VIII, ff. 5-7, 1898.
Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 443, 1902.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 11, 1910.

335

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 14, 1913.
Barnes & McDunnoiigh, Check List 150, 1917.
fStcnoptilia coloradcnsis Grinnell, Can. Ent. XL, 321, 1908 (in part).

Albidorsclla is closely related to the several preceding species,
but we do not doubt its distinctness. We have two specimens from
the Monache Meadows, taken in July, which, with two other Califor-
nian specimens in coll. Fernald, are very similar in appearance to
shastae as already described. One specimen from San Diego is much
brighter, approaching albida but more heavily marked and with less
whitish. The expanse of these specimens ranges from 27 to 30 mm.
We regard the faint scale tuft in the fringes of the third feather of
the secondaries as the distinguishing feature of the species. This tuft
is made up of slender dark scales and is not readily noticed without
the aid of a lens. It occurs just before the apex of the lobe, and is
preceded by only a few scattered dark scales. Such a tuft appears
in a few specimens which we refer to maca, but these may be separated
by their smaller size and the absence of a well defined costal triangle.

The male genitalia resemble those of the preceding group.

19. Platyptilia grandis Walsingham. PI. XLIV, fig. 6.
Platyptihis grandis Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 6, pi I, f. 5, 1880.
Platyptilia grandis Fernald. Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id., Pter. N. A. 30, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52, U. S. N. M. 443, 1902.

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 42, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 12, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 15, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.
BufT. Antennae with brown dots above. Frontal tuft very short; palpi
moderate. Abdomen with subdorsal and lateral black spots in posterior mar-
gins of segments. Triangular spot on primaries light brown with its angle
opposite cleft blackish. Spot in cell blackish, light brown shades near inner
margin at one quarter from base and at middle. Both lobes with similar shades,
crossed by a whitish outer line. Fringes white, containing a row of blackish
scales along outer margin and a few clusters on inner. Secondaries pale, dull
brown, fringes with paler bases. Third lobe buff along inner margin, with
a few light brown scales in fringe. Expanse 36 mm.

Distribution : Siskiyou Co., Cal. The three types were taken
on M'Leod Creek, near Mt. Shasta, and the one female in our pos-
session at Shasta Retreat, all in August. Its occurrence in British
Columbia is not improbable, but we cannot verify it.

336

This magnificent species is so easly recognized that we give only
a brief description of it. One paratype is in the Fernald collection,
without abdomen, and is the only specimen which we have seen
besides the female mentioned above. Walsingham's figure is rather
browner than either of these.

The early stages are still unknown.

20. Platyptilia albiciliata Walsingham. PI. XLIII, fig. 10. PI.

L, fig. 15u.
Platyftilus albiciliatus Walsingham, Pter, Cal. Ore. 17, pi. I, f. 13, 18811.
tPlatyptilia alhiciliata Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id., Pter. N. A. 32, pi. IX, ff. 6-8, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 443, 1902.

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 42, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 12, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 16, 1913.

Barnes & McDiinnough, Check List ISO, 1917.
The paratype in the Fernald collection is, as described by Walsingham,
of an even dull brown shade. It has a very faint indication of the dark triangle,
and the thorax is somewhat lighter behind. The palpi are moderate, oblique,
and the frontal tuft very short and blunt.

We refer five specimens, four from British Columbia and one from Mon-
tana, to this species. These diflfer in having the triangular spot well marked,
the outer pale line evident at least on the first lobe, and some irroration of
bhiish-white scales on the disk. The fringes, as in the paratype, are grayish
with pale bases which bear a row of dark scales on the outer margin. The
inner margin in the paratype and four of our specimens has only a trace of
scale clusters. The secondaries are concolorous, their fringes with pale bases,
sometimes conspicuous, and a few scattered brown scales along the inner mar-
gin of the third lobe. Expanse about 21 mm.

Distribution : N. Cal. to B. C. Montana ? Late May to July.
The specimen which we first took to be this species are those
now placed tentatively as Carolina. They differ in their lighter, more
tawny shade of brown, in the two well marked scale tufts on the
inner inargin of the primaries, and the more pointed uncus. Fernald's
figure shows that in his paratype of albiciliata the uncus was broadly
spatulate at the tip, and our British Columbia series agree in this
structure, as well as in the dull ground color. We had set these speci-
mens aside as new, but have little hesitation in applying this name to
them, though they are distinctly marked. It is quite likely that Wal-
singham's series of six, taken on the same day, were an abnormally

337

dull form, as was the case with one other of his species. Our Montana
specimen is more doubtful.

The early stages are unknown.

21. Platyptilia maea n. sp. PI. XLIII, fig. 8.

Head and body grayish white with some brown scales. Abdomen witli
dark subdorsal lines just beyond middle and similar lines below. Antennae
brown dotted above : frontal tuft very slight ; palpi moderate, slender. Fore and
mid tibiae whitish with dark lines. Legs otherwise whitish with gray-brown
shading which usually predominates.

Primaries with a dark dot before cleft and a costal shade above which
indicate the outer limits of the usual triangle, but in this case they are vaguely
connected by a brownish gray shade which nins back along the costa. On
the costa it is always followed by a whitish dash which may extend further
across the wing as a pale shade. Lobes brownish gray crossed by the usual
outer pale line, incomplete on the second. Inner margin paler, especially just
inside of the cleft, where it is sometimes whitish buff. Spot in cell and those
near inner margin present or absent. Dark areas more or less irrorate with
white, but never plentifully. Fringes gray with white bases containing the
usual dark basal scales on the outer margin and two clusters on inner; dark at
angles. Secondaries more brownish with concolorous fringes; third lobe paler,
with a few dark scales in fringes of inner margin. Expanse 19-25 mm.

Male genitalia as in the preceding species. (See plate L, f. ISu.)

Described from nine specimens taken in the Tuolumne Meadows, Tuolumne
Co., Cal., in July and August, and disposed as follows:

Holotype S , allotype and 4 paratypes 5 , coll. Barnes.

Paratype S and paratype 9 , U. S. N. M. No. 23462.

Paratype S coll. Meyrick.

We associate with these a number of specimens from Wash.,
Ore., Alta., Utah. Colo, and Cal. which are in general much lighter in
color. All agree in lacking a well defined triangular spot before the
cleft, and in having the position of the anal angle of this spot marked
by a blackish dot, conspicuous in all but the darkest specimens. The
form may belong to the albida series, but is very readily separated.
It is intermediate between those species and cooleyi in the development
of its pattern.

In a few specimens there is a trace of a subterminal cluster of
slender dark scales in the fringes of the third feather of the second-
aries which indicates relationship with albidorsclla as well.

338

22. Platyptilia cooleyi Fernald. PI. XLIV, fig. 9.

Platyfihlia cooleyi Fernald, Pter. N. A. 30, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 443, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 12, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars. 17, IS, 1913.

Barnes & McDiinnough, Check List 150, 1917.
Stcnot'tilia schwarzi Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. V, 228, 1903.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 18, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 28, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Vestiture of head and body a mixture of gray brown and tawny, with
a few whitish scales. Antennae dark above with a few white scales, giving a
va.guely dotted effect. Frontal tuft very slight; palpi moderate, porrect, touched
with white above and below. Thorax whitish behind. Fore tibiae brown striped,
the stripes often fused into broad shades on inside. Tarsi and hind legs brown-
ish-gray with whitish scales, paler on inside.

Primaries with mixed whitish and brownish gray scales, olive gray in
general tone, becoming buff toward inner margin. Costa with a dark stripe,
dotted with whitish scales, which terminates above base of cleft. This is pre-
ceded by a subcostal whitish line which reaches costa above cleft and usually
forms a prominent pale mark. The cleft is preceded by a dark dot, sometimes
included in a vague transverse dash, and there is a similar dot in the cell about
half way to base. As the ground color is lighter or darker, these markings
vary in contrast. Lobes may or may not be crossed by the usual outer pale
line. Fringes grayish with pale bases containing a row of gray-brown scales
along outer margin. Inner margin without clusters of scales. Secondaries
brownish gray. Fringes concolorous with pale bases, sometimes containing a
few scattered scales on inner margin of third feather, but these are never dark
enough to be conspicuous. Expanse 22-32 mm.

The male genitalia resemble those of tlie albida groitp.

Distribution : Colo., Ariz., Nev., Jime to August.

Fernald described cooleyi from "seven examples taken in Mar-
shall's Pass, Colo., July 15, 1888, and one taken in Colorado by Bruce."
There are now only six specimens labelled "M. Pass. 7-15-88" in the
Fernald collection, four labelled cotype, one type, and one with only
the name which is evidently another "cotype." The specimen col-
lected by Bruce is in the National Museuin, labelled as a cotype of
cooleyi, but it belongs to modesta Walsingham. We have specimens
from Silverton, Colo., July, which are almost exact matches for the
type, and these are evidently the same as sclnvarzi, though the unique
type of schwarci taken at Williams, Arizona, is in too poor condition
for really accurate identification. This type expands 32 mm., while

339

none of our specimens is over 28 mm., but in view of the range of size
exhibited by our series of fifteen specimens, we do not regard this as
important. Such markings as are still distinguishable correspond with
our series.

The early stages are unknown.

23. Platyptilia xylopsamma Meyrick. PI. XLIV, fig. 5.
Platyptilia xylopsamma Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1907, 488, 1908 (Feb).

Id., Gen. Ins. C, 12, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 16, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List ISO, 1917.
Stenoptilia gorgoniensis Grinnell, Can. Ent. XL, 321, 1908 (Sept.).

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 30, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
The original description is as follows :

"9. 28 mm. Head light yellow-ochreous sprinkled with whitish, frontal
tuft moderate. Palpi 2 1/3 (X eye], pale yellow-ochreous sprinkled with fus-
cous, white beneath and at apex. Antennae whitish-ochreous, above with a
dark fuscous line. Thorax brownish-ochreous sprinkled with whitish, espe-
cially on patagia, which are somewhat expanded towards apex. Abdomen
whitish-ochreous, faintly streaked with brownish. Legs whitish, lined with
dark fuscous (posterior pair broken). Fore-wings cleft from 3/4, segments
broad, termen of first somewhat sinuate, of second very slightly bent, oblique;
brownish-ochreous, slightly sprinkled with whitish, dorsal half suffused with
pale whitish-ochreous from base to cleft ; costal edge very shortly strigulated
with dark fuscous on basal third ; a small round dark fuscous spot in disc at
1/3, and another tending to form a transverse mark close before and beneath
cleft; a mark of dark fuscous suffusion along costa above cleft, followed by a
white mark mostly in costal cilia; cilia pale greyish-ochreous, on tennen with
basal half rather dark fuscous, on dorsum with a greyish bar beneath cleft.
Hind-wings cleft firstly from before middle, secondly from 1/5; first segment
considerably dilated, second moderate; ferruginous-fuscous; cilia pale greyish,
within cleft mostly suffused with very pale ochreous, on termen of first seg-
ment darker grey on basal half, on dorsum with a series of short dark fuscous
scales from base to 2/3.

"Colorado, U. S., 7000 feet ; one specimen."

Our single specimen, which has a broken abdomen and only one
leg, is from Stockton, Utah, Sept. 6 (Spalding). Mr. Meyrick has
examined this specimen and returned it to us as this species, and we
have found personally that it is almost an exact comparison with the
types of gorgoniensis Grinnell. both of which are males. The type
locality of the latter species is South Fork, Santa Ana R., San Ber-
nardino Mts., Cal.

We have no notes on the habits of this species.

340

24. Platyptilia modesta Walsingham. PI. XLIII, fig. 12. PI. L,

fig. 7.
Platyptilus modcstus Walsingham, Peter. Cal. Ore. 18, pi. I, f. 14, 1880.
XPlatyptilia modesta Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id., Pter. N. A. 31, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 443, 1902.

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 42, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 12. 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 16, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.
Abdomen tawny, thorax and head more brownish-gray with a few white
scales. Antennae dark above, pale below. Frontal tuft slight, blunt. Palpi
moderate, touched with white above and below. Legs whitish ; fore and mid
tibiae striped with gray brown, tarsi and hind legs shaded on one side.

Primaries grayish brown or brownish gray, blending to buff or tawny
on inner margin and heavily irrorate with whitish scales. At middle of cell
and before cleft are black or brown dots. The costa is dark as far as cleft.
First lobe sometimes with a very faint trace of the outer pale line. Fringes
grayish with pale bases; a basal row of dark scales on outer margin and a few
scattered dark scales on inner. Marginal scales on costa of first lobe concol-
orous with wing. Secondaries brownish gray, fringes with pale bases containing
a few inconspicuous scales on inner margin of third lobe. Expanse 21-24 mm.

The male genitalia, as shown in the figure, are similar to those
of the albida group but have relatively broader claspers and a trun-
cate-spatulate uncus.

Distribution : N. Cal. to Colo., N. M. and Ariz. Apr., June, July,
Aug.

We have but four specimens of this species, one from Denver,
Colo., one from the Pluachuca Mts., Ariz., and two from Ft. Wingate,
N. M. Of tlie last, one has been returned to us by Meyrick as equal
to the type of modesta in the British Museum, and the other is a good
match for the National Museum cotype of coolcyi mentioned imder
that species. As exemplified by these specimens, the species resembles
coolcyi but dififers in its smaller size, the absence of the outer pale line
on the lobes of the primaries and of the pale dash above the base of
the cleft. It is even closer to xylopsamma Meyrick. We should have
made the latter a synonym but for the fact that Mr. Meyrick called
our attention to the whitish marginal scales on the costa of the first
lobe of the primaries. In modesta, as noted, these are concolorous
with the wing.

Nothing is known of the life history.

341

25. Platyptilia petrodactyla Walker. PI. XLIV, fig. 7.
Pieroplwrus petrodactylus Walker, List Lep. Ins. B. M. XXX, 940, 1864.
Plalyftilus petrodactylus Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 20, pi. II, f. 15, 1880.
tPlatyptilia petrodactyla Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 189L

Id., Pter. N. A. 31, 1898.

Dyar, Proc. Wash. Acad. II, 499, 1900.

Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. N. M. 443, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 12, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 16, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough Check List 150, 1917.
Primaries powdery gray. Cleft preceded by a faint transverse dash and
a few black scales. Both lobes crossed by a pale outer line, preceded in the
second by two dark dashes and in the first by a heavy black dash, very oblique,
running toward base of cleft and in turn preceded by a pale costal area. Sec-
ondaries concolorous, third feather with a few scattered blackish scales in
fringes of inner margin. Expanse about 25 mm.

The male genitalia agree with those of Carolina and the albida
group, but in our .single slide we are unable to be certain of the shape
of the uncus.

This species was described from '"Arctic America," and is known
to us through two specimens from Dawson, Alaska, taken June 20,
1916. These were presented to the National Museum by Mr. B. P.
Clark, and through the courtesy of the staff of that institution, one
is now in the Barnes collection. Mr. Meyrick has verified our identi-
fication by comparison with Walker's type in the British Museum.
Dyar records three specimens taken on Popof Is., July.

Walsingham's figure, presumably drawn from the type, is much
paler than the Alaskan specimens, but agrees in essential features.
We regard the heavy oblique dash as a sufficient distinguishing fea-
ture. It is conspicuous and easily separates this froin all of our other
species, since they are marked in the same place by either transverse
shades or longitudinal dashes.

Nothing is known of the early stages.

26. Platyptilia albicans Fish. PI. XLIII, fig. 11. PI. L, fig. 12.
Platyptilus albicans Fish, Can. Ent. XIII, 71, 1881.

Platyptilia albicans Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.
Id., Pter. N. A. 32, pi. VIII, ff. 12, 13, 1898.
Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 443, 1902.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 11, 1910.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 15, 191.1.
Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.

342

Creamy white, usually more or less discolored. Antennae with brown
dots above. Frontal tuft lacking. Palpi rather small and slender, but pro-
jecting well beyond front ; brownish on sides. Legs with brown stripes, hind
pair with brown shades.

Primaries creamy white with white-irrorate brown areas, the two colors
about equally extensive. Both lobes with a terminal brown band and one just
before middle which fades out toward inner margin of wing. Costa brown
as far as base of cleft and inward to a transverse dash before cleft, this area
usually almost connected by brown with anal angle. Fringes white with gray
tips ; brown and white scales in bases along outer margin. Secondaries gray-
brown, either without dark scales in fringe or with a faint tuft of slender
scales, not visible without lens, near middle of inner margin of third lobe.
Expanse 17-24 mm.

The male genitalia are somewhat similar to those of tcsseradac-
tyla, which agree also with the two following species, but possess dis-
tinctive features as iUustrated. This relationship suggests that tesscr-
adactyla should be associated with this and the other two species, but
its superficial characters lead us to leave it elsewhere.

Distribution: Described from Nevada (Morrison). We have
five specimens from Verdi, Nev. June, one from Yellowstone Park,
VVyo., July, and two from Silverton, Colo. In the Fernald collection,
in addition to the unique 9 type, there is a specimen from California,
and we have identified a specimen from British Columbia for Mr. G. O.
Day.

The last specimen mentioned, a 3 taken on Stoker's Mt., July
23, 1909, is anoinalous. We place it here with little hesitation, though
it is so much darker than the typical form that a casual examination
discloses little resemblance. It corresponds in essential features with
our series, but differs in having the brovv'n areas darker and more
extended, the pale areas consequently narrow and somewhat tinged
with brown. The tuft in the fringes of the secondaries is faintly visible
to tiie naked eye.

Nothing is known of the life history.

27. Platyptilia pallidactyla Haworth. PI. XLIV, fig. 3, 4. PI.

L, fig. 11.
.Uiicita pallidactyla Haworth, Lcp. Brit. 478, 1812.
Ptcrophorus marginidactylus Fitch, Trans. N. Y. Agr. Soc. XIY, 848, 18S4.

Id., 1st Rep. Ent. N. Y. 144, 1854.

IMorris, Cat. Lep. N. A. 54, 1860.

Walker, List Lep. Ins. B. M. XXX, 940, 1864.

343

Ptcrophorus nehulaedactylus Fitch, Trans. N. Y, Agr. Soc. XIV, 849, 1854.

Id., 1st Rep. Ent. N. Y. 145, 1854,

Morris, Cat. Lep. N. A. 54, 1860.

Walker, List Lep. Ins. B. M. XXX, 940, 1864.
Platyptilus bertrami Roessler, Wien. Ent. Mon. VIII, 54, 1864.

Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 3, pi. I, f. 3, 1880.

Dimmock, Psyche III, 403, 1882.
Playptilus bischoffi Zeller, Stett. ent. Zeit. XXVIII, 333, 1867.
Pterophorus cervinidactylus Packard, Ann. Lye. N. Y. X, 266, 1873.
Platyptilus adustus Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore, 5, pi. I, f. 4, 1880.
Pkityptilia bischoffi Murtfeldt, Am. Ent. Ill, 235, 1880.
Pterophorus bertrami Porritt, Ent. Mo. Mag. XXII, 103, 1885.
tPlatyptilia adusta Femald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id., Pter. N. A. 32, pi. V, ff. 7, 8, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52, U. S. N. M. 443, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 12, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 16, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917.
fPlalyptilia ochrodactyhi Femald (not Hbn.) Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.
Platyptilia bertrami Barrett, Ent. Mo. Mag. XVIII, 177, 1882.

Meyrick, Handbook 434, 1895.

Hofmann, Deutsch. Pter. 64, 79, 1895 (biol).

Tint, Pter, Brit. 31, 1896.
tPlatyptilia marginidactyla Fcrnald. Pter. N. A. 34, pi. IX. ff. 4, 5, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 444, 1902.

Id., Smith's List Lep. N. A., Rev. Ed. 99, 1903.

Winn, List Ins, Que. 85, 1912.

Britton, Ins. Conn. 103, 1920.
Platyptilia pallidactyla Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 12, 1910.

id., Wagner's Lep. Cat, pars 17, 15, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 150, 1917,
Head and body yellowish white to tawny, abdomen with dorsal and ventral
brown stripe. Antennae brown spotted above. Frontal tuft about as long
as head, sharply pointed. Palpi long, slender, porrect, noticeably .surpassing
tuft. Legs white with brown shadings on tibiae, and a trace on tarsi.

Primaries with nebulous bright brown and whitish markings. Cleft pre-
ceded by two brown dots. Pale areas a blotch in cell, preceded by a brown
dot, one near inner margin about one third from base, and a broader area
below base of cleft. Lobes paler brown, crossed by a pale line outwardly and
with a pale area on costa above base of cleft, before which costa is narrowly
dark brown, dotted with white. All brown areas slightly irrorate with white.
Apex of first lobe produced, acute. Secondaries brown. Fringes of inner
margin of third lobe with pale bases and usually with a faint cluster of slender
dark scales just beyond middle. Expanse 21-26 mm.

Male genitalia similar to those of albicans but with broader valves
and without the long processes on the juxta.

344

Distribution : Europe. Ranges apparently over the entire con-
tinent of North America north of Z7° I-at. May to August.

In North America paUldactyla varies from almost pure creamy
white to (lull brown, the paratype of adusta being the darkest speci-
men known to us. It is not difficult to confuse extremely pale speci-
mens with the following species, but the form of the primaries and
the relative lengths of palpi and frontal tuft are very different. We
have examined over one hundred fifty specimens from many North
American localities.

There is a series in the Fernald collection from St. George and
St. Paul Is., Alaska, Aug.. which are scarcely recognizable as this
species, but which seem to agree in all essential features. The geni-
talia are similar, the frontal tuft and palpi are similar in those speci-
mens in which they are reasonably well preserved, and the scale tuft
in the fringes of the secondaries is the same. The primaries are very
dull an<l evenly coloured, but this occurs in other regions. The only
character which is really doubtful is the relatively blunt apex of the
primaries. The series is so poor that we hesitate to describe it as
new, and place it here until additional material from Alaska can be
examined.

Among Fitch's types in the Fernald collection are a number of
specimens of pallidactyla, of which four are labelled nebulaedact\ins.
Two of these bear Fernald's type labels. Both are badly rubbed, but
recognisable. A specimen of Oedcmatophonis homodactylus Walker
is also labelled "P. nehulacdactylus Type." One badly molded speci-
men otherwise in fair condition, is labelled "P. niarginidactylus Type.'"
The paratype of adusta Wlsm. in this collection is a very evenly dull-
brown specimen of this species. The type of cervinidactylns is in the
Cambridge Museum, and is a rather dull specimen of pallidactyla. The
synonymy otherwise follows Meyrick.

The larvae live on Achillea millefolium and plannica, attacking,
according to Barrett, "the top of a young shoot, eating out the heart
and feeding doivmvards for a short distance into the tender young
stem, then leaves it to attack another young shoot in the same manner."

From various sources we have selected the following descriptions
of the early stages :

Egg: " * * * elliptical in outline and somewhat flattened. The longer
diameter was three-sevenths of a millimeter and the shorter diameter was

345

three-tenths of a millimeter, and the surface was irregularly corrugated. When
first deposited they were of a light cream color or almost hyaline with a glossy
surface, but after two days they turned to a deep flesh color." (Fernald, Pter.
N. A. 35, quoted from Fish, in litt.).

Larva: "They were of the usual forui of larvae of this genus, though
perhaps a little more slender than some species; body cylindrical, stoutest in
the middle, tapering towards the extremeties: head small and polished, con-
siderably narrower than the second segment; segmental divisions well defined,
the skin rather glossy.

"When about a quarter of an inch long, the ground colour is pale grey-
ish-olive, but this is almo.st hidden by dark purplish-brown dorsal and sub-dorsal
stripes, which give the larva a very dark appearance; head very pale straw-
colour, marked with smoky-brown, the ocelli black, and the mandibles reddish-
brown; frontal plate and anterior legs polished black.

"In the next stage, that is, when about three-eighths of an inch long, it
has become considerably lighter in colour; the ground is glaucous-green, the
dorsal and sub-dorsal stripes purple, but more interrupted, and not so wide
as in the earlier stage; head of the same pale straw-colour, but not so clouded
with darker, though the ocelli are still black, and the mandibles reddish-brown;
the frontal plate is gradually becoming pale like the head, the black being con-
fined to the front in some specimens, in others to a black edging, more or less
broken all round. Ground of the ventral area and the prolegs uniformly
glaucous-green, the anterior legs now ringed with black only.

"In the adult stage, about half to five-eights of an inch, the larva has
a still paler appearance. Ground-colour bright pea-green; head very pale
straw-colour, faintly tinged w^ith green, the large ocelli intensely black, and
consequently very conspicuous, the mandibles reddish-brown, frontal and small
anal plate of the same bright green as the ground-colour; the dark green
(slightly brownish anteriorly) pulsating dorsal vessel forms the dorsal stripe;
between it and the spiracular region are two greyish-white stripes, on which the
small black tubercular spots may be seen; below the spiracles is a still clearer
and more conspicuous white stripe; spiracles black.

"Ventral surface uniformly of the same bright green of the dorsal area;
at the front and at the base of each anterior leg, is an intensely black spot;
and the prolegs are finely margined with black.'" (Porritt, Ent. Mo. Mag.
XXII, 103-4.)

Pupa: "The pupa is a little over half an inch long * * * It has 'a longish
beak in front, projecting at a slight angle downwards from the head, pointed
at the tail; the wing-cases of moderate length, well developed, and the ends
of the leg cases projecting free from the abdomen." The colour is bright
pale green, dorsal line darker green, edged on the thorax with white; beak
white above, rust colour at the sides; there is also a conspicuous streak of this
rust colour on the hind part of the thorax, and the same colour also appears
(but more faintly) on the abdominal point, and at the tip of the leg-cases;
subdorsal line dark green, lateral line white.

346

"Ventral surface pale green, with darker green lines and the wing cases
with whitish rays." (Porritt, Ent. Mo. Mag. XXII, 104-5.)

28. Platyptilia albertae n. sp. PI. XLIV, fig. 8. PI. L, fig. 6.

White. Antennae dotted above with gray-brown. Frontal tuft as long
as head, sharply pointed. Palpi moderate, oblique, surpassing front but not
reaching end of tuft. Fore and middle legs white, shaded with blackish inside.
Hind legs darker on outside, annulate at bases of spurs and tips of tarsal
joints.

Primaries white. Costa narrowly brownish gray to cleft. Cleft preceded
by two dark dots ; a third similar dot in middle of cell. Lobes with terminal
and median grayish shades defining the broad outer white line. Fringes white,
basal scales on outer margin also white, grayish in a few spots. Hind wings
light brownish gray, fringes and third lobe slightly paler. Fringes with a very
faint trace of a median cluster of grayish hair-like scales just beyond middle
of third feather in one paratype ; entirely without dark scales in the remaining
specimens. Expanse 24-27 mm.

The shape of the primaries is distinctive. Toward the apex the costa is
abruptly rounded, the apex is very blunt, and the outer margin of the first
lobe almost straight. The first lobe, and consequently the entire wing, looks
very wide and blunt.

The male genitalia are similar to those of pnllidactyla but differ in the
form of the valves and uncus.

Described from four specimens as follows :

Holotype 9 , Laggan, Alta., Aug. 16-23, and one paratype 9 , OljTnpic
Mts., Wash., in coll. Barnes.

Allotype, Mt. Cheam, B. C., Aug., in coll. E. H. Blackmore.

Paratype 9, Laggan, Alta., Aug. 16-23, U. S. N. M. No. 23463.

This beautiful species is very distinct from all others. Extremely
pale examples of pallidactyla resemble it superficially, but the form
of the wings and relative size of palpi and frontal tuft are conspicu-
ously different. Unfortunately the wings have a tendency to stain
very easily, and three of the types are more or less tawny. Only the
holotype is a clean specimen.

We have no data on the life history.

Genus Exelastis Meyrick

? Orthotype atomosa Wlsm.

Exelastis Meyrick, Jn. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. XVII, 730, 1907 (fide Meyrick).
Id., Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910.
The one North American species which we incUule in this genus
differs from Marasmarcha in structure only in the presence of a few

347

black scales in the fringes of the inner margin of the third feather of
the secondaries, and in the great reduction of vein R.j, of the pri-
maries. This vein is scarcely as well marked as our figure indicates
(pi. XLVIII, fig. 8a).

We originally placed ccrvinicolor in Marasmarcha but took up the
matter with Mr. Meyrick, who agrees with us that E.vdastis should
be retained.

1. E.XELASTIS CERVINICOLOR B. & Mc D. PI. XLII, fig. 8. PL XLIX.

fig. 12.
Ptcrofhortis ccrvinicolor Barnes & McDunnoiigh, Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A.
II, 185, pi. IV, f. 10, 1913.
Id., Check List 151, 1917.
Grossbeck, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. XXXVII, 136, 1917.

We reproduce the original description. The head and body are
concolorous with the wings, the fore and middle legs whitish with dark
stripes inside and the hind pair dark outside, slightly paler within.
Spurs long. Palpi upturned.

"Primaries with both lobes narrow, pointed and slightly down-curved
at apex, deep grayish fawn-color, a slight sprinkling of blackish scales on inner
margin >i from base, forming a more or less obvious patch, a dark dot yi way
between base of wing and incision ; two slight black costal dashes near apex
of wing and another on inner margin of first lobe near apex; extreme apex
of botli lobes tipped with black and fringe along inner margin of 2nd lobe
rather regularly cut by black; fringes otherwise pale fawn. Secondaries deep
smoky with pale fawn fringes. Beneath, smoky, lobes of primaries paler.
Expanse 16 mm."

The type appears to be a 9 and the "cotype" a S . Both are from
Everglade, Fla., Apr. 8-15. We have in addition a small series from
Chokoloskee without dates.

The regular black tufts along the inner margin of the primaries
and the scattered black scales in the fringe of the secondaries should
remove any difficulty attending the identification of the species. In
addition the inale genitalia are quite different from any others known
to us.

A recent communication from Mr. Meyrick suggests to us that
cervinicolor is identical with his crepusciilaris, known from S. Africa
and Australia. This is quite possible, of course, but we prefer to
retain the present name until the genitalia of specimens from the other
continents can be examined.

348

Genus Marasmarcha Meyrick
Logotype Alucita lunacdactyla Haw.

Manuinanha Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 11, 1886.

Id., op. cit. 488, 1890.

Id., Handbook 437, 1895.

Hofmann, Deutsch. Pter. 48, 115, 1895.

Tiitt. Pter. Brit. 81, 1896.

Id., Ent. Rec. XVII, ib, 1905. Fixes type.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 26, 1913.
Front sometimes with a tuft of scales. Ocelli absent. Palpi moderate,
slender, oblique or upturned. Primaries bifid, cleft about two-fifths; vein
Cu, from near angle, Cu^ and M^ connate or stalked, R„ and R^ stalked,
Rj absent. Secondaries trifid, Cu., from near middle of cell, Cu^ and M
connate or stalked. (See pi. XLVIII, fig. 8.)

This genus has previously been recorded only from the Old
World but putnilio is certainly a true Marasmarcha. We are reassured
in this conclusion by the fact that Mr. Meyrick has recently com-
municated to us by lei tor the same opinion, intlependently reached.

1. Marasmarcha pumilio Zeller. Pi. XLII, fig. 7. PI. XLIX, fig.

13,
Mhncseoptilus pumilio Zeller, Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien, XXIII, 324, 1873.
Marasmarcha liophancs Meyrick, Trans. Ent. .Soc. Lond. 1886, 19.

Id., Gen. Ins. C, 18, pi. fig. 15, 1910.
StcHoptilia pumilio Fernald, Smith'sList Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id., Pter. N. A. 58, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 447, 1902.

Mejrick, Gen. Ins. C, 18, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 28, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
ixllimaescpptiliis gilvidorsis Hedmann (not Zcll.), Stett. ent. Zeit. LVII, 8, 1896

(in part, fide Wlsm.).
Stenopiilia ? pumilio Walsingham, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1897, 58.
griscodactylus Pagenstecher, Zoologica XXIX, 240, 1900 {fide Mey-
rick).
Head light brown, conocoloroiis with anterior half of thorax. Antennae
with a dark line above. Palpi slender, second joint oblique, third porrect, the
sides dark. Posterior half of thorax and abdomen pale yellow, the latter be-
coming more brownish behind. Abdomen with a brown dorsal and paired ven-
tral lines, inconspicuous, and several others very faint. Fore and middle legs
white, striped with brown inside; hind pair whitish, brown without.

349

Primaries brown, concolorous with thorax ; inner margin at base yellow-
ish, like posterior part of thorax, this shade disappearing before middle. Apices
of both lobes somewhat darkened. Cleft preceded by a vague blackish spot,
or two with vague dashes extending basad. Spot in cell at two-fifths from
base and one before this near inner margin, both sometimes faint. Fringes
brownish gray with pale bases. At the apex of each lobe, within the deft and
along the inner margin they contain black scales, chiefly collected into tufts at
regular intervals, five of these are usually evident on the inner margin. Sec-
ondaries gray brown, fringes slightly paler, without dark scales but with a
few dark hairs at apices of first and second lobes. Expanse 13.5-16.5 mm.

The male genitalia are very different from any other known to
us, but we are able to trace a few slight points of relationship with
those of ccn-inicolor.

Distribution: China. India, E. Indies, Africa, etc. In North
America it ranges from N. J. to Fla. and west into Mo. and Tex.
according to specimens which we have seen. The type locality is
Dallas, Tex. Fla. May and Oct., N. J. in Sept., S. C. in June.

For some time we had a series of this species labelled as a new
species of Marasmarcha, and had just begun to suspect that it was
Zeller's species when a note from Mr. Meyrick reached us announcing
that pumilio and his Marasmarcha liophancs were the same species.
Later on we received the unique type & from the Cambridge Museum,
thus establishing its identity beyond doubt.

Meyrick writes of the species that "it is doubtless artificially
introduced into N. America, being of alien character, the larva prob-
ably feeding in the pods of a cultivated Leguminous plant, like its
allies."

One of Miss Murtfeldt's types of O. ambrosiac proved to be this
species. It bears the same breeding label as the others, and we should
therefore assume that it was reared from Ambrosia artcmisiac folia.
This is not at all compatible with Meyrick's information regarding the
allied species, but of course neither possibility is proven fact.

Genus Stenoptilia Huebner

Logotype Alucita ptcrodactyla Linn.

Stenoptilia Huebner, Verz. bek. Schmett. 430, 1826.
Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 487, 1890.
Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891 (in part).
Mevrick, Handbook 440, 1895.

350

Hofmann, Deutsch, Pter. 48, 92, 1895.

Fernald, Pter, N. A. 57, 1898 (in part).

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 447, 1902 (in part).

Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 35, 1905. Fixes type.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 18, 1910 (in part).

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 28, 1913 (in part).

Barnes & McDunnough, Clieck List 151, 1917 (in part).
Mimacseoptilus Wallengren, Skand. Fjad. 17, 1859.

Jordan, Ent. Mo. Mag. VI, 123, 1869.

Tutt, Pter. Brit. 84, 1896.
tMimescoptilus Zeller, Stett. ent. Zeit. XXVIII, iiZ, ii7, 1867.

Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 32, 1880.

Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 11, 1886.
Adkinia Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 37, 1905. Orthotype hipunctidactyla Haw.

Front (in most of our species) with a rounded or conical prominence, not
conspicuously large, or a scale tuft. Ocelli present. Palpi various. Primaries
cleft one third or a little less ; Cu, beyond middle of cell, 3 near angle, R„
and R^ stalked. Secondaries trifid, Cu„ before middle of cell, Cu^ near angle;
fringes never contain black scales. (See pi. XLVIII, fig. 9).

While StcnoptiUa is structurally very close to Platyptilia, as
pointed out ijy Meyrick, it is not difficult to place our species prop-
erly. From the greater part of Platyptilia they differ in the complete
lack of dark scales or tufts in the fringes of the secondaries, and from
the remaining species in the very retreating anal angles of both lobes
of the primaries. The first lobe has this angle scarcely indicated in
five of the seven North American species.

Key to the Species

1. First lobe of primaries with a heavy black dash or conspicuous dark

shade exdamationis

With a slender pale dash pallistriga

Without conspicuous marks 2

2. Primaries tinged with yellow rliynchosiac

Tawny, gray or brown 3

3. Expanse under 17 mm. Abdomen with single dorsal dots or none.

Somewhat tawny parvus

Expanse over 17 mm. Dull gray or with paired dorsal dots, sometimes
small and difficult to observe 4

4. Dull gray. Abdomen with or without a single dorsal dot mcngcli

Generally grayish brown. Dorsal dots in pairs zophodactyla

Brown, inner margin of primaries brightest. Dorsal dots paired but
faint pterodactyla

351

1. Stenoptilia RHYNCHOSiAE Dyar. PI. XLII, fig. 9. PI. XLIX,
fig. 14.

Pterophorus rhynchosiac Dyar, Psyche VIII, 249, 1898 (biol.).
Fernald, Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 446. 1902.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.
Id , Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 22, 1913.
Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Grossbeck, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. XXXVII, 135, 1917.

Pale yellow. Antennae with a broad stripe above. Palpi rather long,
slender, a brown stripe on either side; second joint oblique, third porrect.
Abdomen with a number of fine brown longitudinal lines. Legs whitish with
brown stripes and shades ; spurs long.

Primaries yellowish tinged with gray-brown especially toward costa. Cleft
preceded by a heavy brown transverse blotch or by two spots, of which the
inner may be absent. Cell with a small brown spot just before middle of wing.
Tips of veins in both lobes with brown dashes extending through fringes.
Fringes of gray-brown and yellowish hairs, the bases pale. Secondaries dark
brownish gray with yellowish bases. Expanse about 18 mm.

Distribution : Florida ; June, July.

The type in tlie National Museum is without locality label. It
is accompanied by a specimen taken at Miami. In addition to these
we have seen only the two specimens from Stemper in coll. Barnes.

The genitalia are very remarkable and lead us to question this
placing of the species, but the neuration is distinctly that of Stenoptilia.
The anal angle of the first lobe of the primaries is scarcely indicated
and that of the second slight, but both can be discerned.

The type was reared, and Dyar's original description includes the
following notes on the larva :

"Larva. Downy, pale green, with short white hairs. Pale green, the
body tapering a little posteriorly; no marks except a very faint, whitish sub-
dorsal line along warts i and ii ; warts small, i and ii separate, but somewhat
approximate; a small wart (iiia) below and behind iii ; iv + v distinct with
a small wart (iii b) behind; skin densely covered with veiy short, white, club-
tipped secondary hairs. Feet short.

"On the young leaves of a trailing plant (Rhynchosia) at Miami, Fia.,
December."

2. Stenoptilia farva Walsingham. PI. XLII, fig. 12. PI. XLIX,

fig. 10.

Lioptilus ? parvus Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 55, pi. Ill, f. 12, 1880.
Alucila ? parva Feniald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

352

Pterophorus parvus Fernald, Pter. N. A. 48, 1898.
Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 446, 1902.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 26, 1913.
Barnes & McDunnoiigh, Check List 151, 1917.

Pale tawny or brownish white. Front with a slight prominence. Antennae
with a brown line above. Palpi moderate, whitish above; second joint rather
tliick, obHqiie, third slender, porrect. Abdomen often with dorsal and lateral
dots in hind margin of segments, the former single and often connected by a
faint hne. Legs shaded with brown inside, spurs rather short.

Primaries concolorous with body, with scattered white and brown scales.
The brown scales often form a streak in the first lobe and lines along the
veins in the second. There are two brown dots before the cleft, one scarcely
inside of it, the other well toward costa. The latter is larger, rather diffuse,
often connected with the nearest brown costal spot. From each a line of brown
scales runs toward base of wing, the inner usually finer, sharper and longer.
Cell sometimes with a brown dot. Costa of first lobe with two vague brown
spots and whitish fringes. Fringes otherwise gray-brown with dark tufts at
and before apex of first lobe and three on outer margin of second. Anal angle
of first lobe indicated, of second fairly well developed. Secondaries and fringes
similar to ground color of primaries; slightly darker. Expanse 13-18 mm.

The male genitalia are very simple, much as in AciptUia 7valslng-
Iiami, but the insect is otherwise a Stenoptilia in structure.

Distribution: S. Cal. May, June, Oct. Ariz., Apr., June. N. M.,
July, Aug. (U. S. N. M.). Miss., Sept. (Benjamin). Fla., May.
The species was described from a specimen taken near Mt. Shasta in
July. Apparently the complete range is that which seems to be common
in the family, viz., the West coast south through Arizona and east
through the Gulf States into Florida.

The species may be easily recognized from Lord W'alsingham's
description and figure, but for greater certainty we have had a speci-
men compared with the unique female type, now in the British Mu-
seum.

The life history has never been worked out.

3. Stenoptilia pterodactvla Linn. PI. XLII, fig. 13. PI. L, fig. 9.
Alucila ptcrodactyla Linnaeus, Faun. Suec. 371, no. 1456, 1761.
Ptcrophorus fuscus Retzius, Cor. de Geer Gen. ct Spec. Ins. 35. 1783 {fide Mey-
rick).
Walker, List Lep. Ins. B. M. XXX, 937, 1864.
AIncita juscodactyla Haworth, Lep. Brit. 476, 1811.
Alucita ptUndactyla Huebner, Samml. Eur. Schmett. f. 16, 1823.
Miniaescoptihis paludicola Wallengren, Skand. Fjad. 18, 1859.

353

iPterol'lwrus pterodaclylus Walker, List Lep. Ins. B. M. XXX, 938, 1864.
Stenoftilia I'Icrodaclyla Fcrnald, Smith's List Lcp. N. A. 87, 1891.
Id., Pter. N. A. 58, 1898.
Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 447, 1902.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 19, 1910.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 30, 1913.
Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
tStcnoptilia fusca Hofmann, Deutsch. Pter. 97, 106, 1895, (biol).
Mimacseoptilus ptcrodactyla Tutt, Pter. Brit. 100, 1896, (biol.).

Head and anterior half of thorax dull brown. A white line over the eye
extends along sides of short frontal tuft. Antennae white with a brown line
above. Palpi white above; second joint with thick scaly vestiture, obliquely
truncate in front, scarcely equalled by the small third joint. Legs white on
one side, brown on the other; spurs moderate. Posterior half of thorax bright
ochreous brown with whitish dorso-Iateral stripes. Abdomen slightly darker
with lateral and paired dorsal dark spots, the lateral scarcely distinguishable,
and some white scales in posterior margins of segments.

Primaries with costal portion dark, inner light, concolorous with adjacent
parts of thorax. Costa vaguely checkered with white scales. First lobe with
a vague streak of mixed white and black scales. Cleft preceded by two dark
dots connected by lines of scattered blackish scales with a dot near middle of
cell. A similar line reaches from below this to the base. Fringes dull gray-
brown with paler bases and a few vague dark tufts. Secondaries dark brown
with concolorous fringes. Expanse about 25 mm.

The male genitalia are similar to the form which predominates in
Platyptilia but have a much different uncus.

Distribution: Europe. The only North American specimens
which we have seen are those in the Fernald collection from West
Farms, N. Y. (Angus).

Tutt quotes a description of the larva and pupa from Porritt.
Entomologist X\', 44-5. Since we are not familiar with the original
we repeat this quotation in part.

"Length about five-eighths of an inch, and scarcely so stout as seems usual
in the genus. Head small, and narrower than the second segment ; it is polished,
rather flat in front, but rounded on the sides. Body cylindrical, of fairly uni-
form width, but tapering a little at the extremities, segmental divisions well
defined ; the skin, with a soft and half-transparent appearance, is sparingly
clothed with short hairs. There are two varieties, which are perhaps about
equally numerous. In one of them the ground color is a bright grass-green;
in the other, it is equally bright yellow-green ; in both forms the head is pale
yellowish-brown, very prettily reticulated with intense black. The dark green,
or in some of the yellow specimens dark brown, alimentary canal forms the
dorsal stripe; sub-dorsal lines rather indistinct, greyish white; below there is
a still more indistinct waved line of the same colour; there is, again, a similarly

354

coloured faint line along the spiracular region; and the segmental divisions also
are of this pale colour. In some specimens the hairs are grey ; in others brown.
Ventral surface uniformly of the same colour as the ground of the dorsal area;
the legs reticulated, and the pro-legs tipped with black."

The larva is said to feed on Speedwell {Veronica chamacdrys).
Among the numerous species of Veronica found in this country is in-
this country is included this European species, which is now found in
the northeast U. S. and southeastern Canada according to Gray's
"Manual". The pupa is described as follows:

"The pupa is attached by the tail only, is rather long, but slender. The
head, which is the thickest part, is abruptly rounded, and has the snout very
prominent ; thora.x and abdomen rounded above, rather flattened beneath, and
attenuated strongly to the anal point ; eye, leg, and wing-cases fairly prominent,
the last prolonged a considerable distance over the abdominal segments. As
in the larva, there are two varieties ; in one form, the ground is bright green,
and there is little of any other colour, the pale gray abdominal divisions, and
two indistinct pale lines on the dorsal area, with several faint purplish spots
behind the thorax and on the anal segment, being all that are noticeable. The
other form has the ground a dingier green, and there is a distinct purple dorsal
stripe, edged on each side with greyish; the abdominal divisions and the tip
of the prolonged wing-cases also purple. The pupa is capable of considerable
movement, and, on being disturbed, turns up sharply the thorax and higher
abdominal segments, so as to bring them quite at right angles with the several
posterior segments."

Tutt records the imago in England in July, rarely in June and
August.

4. Stenoptilia zophodactvla Duponchel. PI. XLII, fig. 16. PI.
XLIX, fig. 15.

Pterophorus zophodactylus Duponchel, Lep. France XI, 668, pi. CCCXIV, f. 4,
1838.

Porritt, Ent. Mo. Mag. XX, 228, 1884 (biol.).
Ptcrophonis loewii Zeller, Isis, p. 38, 1847 {fide Hofmann).

Id., Linn. Ent. VI, 364, 1852.
Pterophorus canalis Walker, List Lep. Ins. B. M. XXX, 944, 1864.
Mimcseoptilus scmicostatus Zeller, Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wicn. XXIII, 32i, 1873.
XStenoplilia semicostata Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id., Pter. N. A. 50, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 447, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 19, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 30, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.

355

XStenoptilia sophodactyla Meyrick, Handbook 440, 1895.
Hofmann, Deutsch. Pter. 105, 1895 (biol).
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 19, 1910.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 29, 1913.
Mimaeseoptilus zophodactylus Tutt, Pter. Brit, 93, 1896 (biol.).

Head and body gray brown. Antennae darker above. Palpi slightly paler
above, with a terminal tuft on second joint, below, which equals third joint.
Fore and middle legs white outside, brown within, hind pair more neutral in
color. Terminal half of abdomen with small dorsal dots in pairs in the pos-
terior margins of the segments.

Primaries dull tawny or grayish brown, slightly ochreous brown on inner
margin, with scattered dark brown and white scales. These slightly checker
the costa and form a dash in the first lobe and lines along the veins of the second.
Discal markings as in ptcrodactyla, viz., two variable spots before cleft con-
nected by lines of brown scales with a sharper spot at middle of cell, and a
line from below this spot to base. Fringes gray-brown with white hairs, espe-
cially in the cleft. Outer margin of first lobe with two or three tufts of blackish
basal scales, sometimes connected. Second lobe with such a tuft at apex,
sometimes preceded by others along outer margin. Secondaries gray-brown;
fringes concolorous with pale bases. Expanse 18-21 mm.

Distribution : Almost cosmopolitan. We have a good series from
San Diego, Cal., late June to late Aug. and a single specimen from
St. Petersburg, Fla., March. Zophodactyla was described from the
Pyrenees Mts., loc"ini from Italy, canalis from Australia and semi-
costata from Texas.

We treated this species originally as si'micostata. and we owe
the discovery of its synonymy with zophodactyla entirely to Mr. Mey-
rick, whose decision was based on a specimen from our series. We
follow Meyrick's synonymy.

The Museum of Comparative Zoology contains two types of
semicostata, $ and 9, both from Dallas, Tex. (Boll), and both in
good condition. These are before us as we write.

The paired dorsal dots, dull color, and inconspicuous markings
are distinctive. The anal angles are slight on both lobes of the pri-
maries, a condition which separates the species from pallistriga. In
this species the first lobe has a rather prominent anal angle, while the
color and general appearance scarcely dififer.

The only biological notes available to us are Porritt's, which we
quote :

" * * * The larva is slightly less than half an inch in length, and of pro-
portionate bulk; head much smaller than the second segment, the lobes rounded

356

and polished; body cylindrical and uniform, tapering a little posteriorly; seg-
mental divisions fairly defined, and a tuft of several short hairs springs from
each of the indistinct tubercles. In colour there are two extreme varieties, and
the larva varies between these forms. Var. 1 has the ground colour a delicate
pale green strongly tinged indeed with yellow ; head pale yellowish-green, the
mandibles and ocelli brown ; medio-dorsal stripe dark green or purple in different
specimens ; sub-dorsal stripes yellow, and there are two other fine but very faint
yellow lines, one above and the other below the spiracles: segmental divisions
also yellow ; spiracles black, very narrowly encircled with white. Ventral sur-
face, legs and prolegs uniformly pale yellowish-green.

"Var. 2 has the ground-colour brownish-yellow ; head also brownish-yel-
low, freckled with brown ; medio dorsal stripe broad bright purple ; sub-dorsal
stripes also broad, but of a much less distinct dull pale purple, and having a
fine white line running through them; a narrow purple line, edged above with
white, extends along the spiracular region. Ventral surface, legs and prolegs
uniformly pale yellowish-brown. Feeds on the flowers of Erythraea centaurea.

"The pupa is slender, and nearly (if not quite) as long as the full-grown
larva; it is of almost uniform width, the last two segments only tapering to the
anal point. It is glossy and cylindrical, but there is a depression on the thorax
and front abdominal segments; the snout and top of the thorax are promin-
ently and sharply defined ; the leg-cases extend a long distance down the front
of the abdomen, but before the end, become detached from it. The ground-
colour is yellow, but is almost hid with a deep pink, which is sufTused all over
the surface, and almost forms a stripe from the head through the abdominal
segments ; wing- and leg-cases dingy olive, tinged with pink."

It is interesting to note that one of our specimens bears the label
"on Erythraea venusta."

5. Stenoptilia pallistriga Barnes & McDimiiough. PI. XLII, fig.

15. PI. L, fig. 16.
SliHol^lilia pallistriga Barnes & McDunnough. Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A. II
(4), 186, pi. IV, f. 11, 1913.
Id., Check List 151. 1917.
Grossbeck, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. XXXVII, 137, 1917.

Gray brown. Antennae dotted above. Eye surmounted by a white line.
Palpi moderate, whitish above. Abdomen with paired dorsal dots in the distal
half. Legs white on one side, the hind pair brownish, dark brown on the other.

Primaries dull brownish or grayish brown, ochreous toward base and
inner margin, marked as in the preceding species but with a pale longitudinal
dash in the first lobe. Fringes gray brown with paler bases and a mixture of
whiti.sh hairs which predominate in the type on the outer margin of the first
lobe. Fringes of outer margin with three tufts of black scales on first lobe
and two on second in type, damaged in other specimen. Secondaries brownish
with coucolorous fringes, their bases pale as in scmicoslata. The anal angle
of the first lobe of the primaries is more evident than in scmicostiitii, and the
outer margin therefore more concave. Expanse 16.5-18 mm.

357

The unique male type from Ft. Myers, Fla., May, is in the Barnes
collection, where it is now accompanied by a female from St. Peters-
burg, Fla., Sept. The pale dash is well marked in both. Neither
specimen is reared.

6. Stenoptilia mengeh Fernald. PI. XI^II, fig. 10. PI. XLIX,

fig. 16.
Stenoptilia mengdi Fernald, Pter. N. A. 60, 1898.
Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 151, 1902.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 19, 1910.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 28, 1913.
Barnes & McDiinnough, Check List 151, 1917.

"Expanse of wings, 20 mm. Head, palpi, thora.x, abdomen and legs dark
ashy gray. A fine white line occurs over each eye.

"Fore wings ashy gray and glistening; a few dark fuscous scales on the
first lobe form an ill-defined longitudinal stripe on the middle; a fuscous spot
at the end of the cleft and a less distinct one on the middle of the celb Hind
wings ashy gray. Allied to S. exclamationis and S. semicosttUa.

"Early stages and food plant unknown.

"Described from ten specimens, in poor condition, in the collection of
the American Entomological Society, taken by Mr. L. W. Mengel at Mc-
Comiack's Bay, North Greenland. * * * ".

This is all that Fernald wrote about the species, and we are able
to add only a few notes taken from the three specimens in the Fer-
nald collection. Two of these are "types," both males. The third,
also a male, is in the Barnes collection through the kindness of Proi.
H. T. Fernald. In all of these we are able to discern a dark dorsal
dot in the hind margin of the first abdominal segment. This is scarcely
evident against the dark ground color, but we have qualified our key
to embrace it. A single male from Colo. (Bruce) in the National
Museum is slightly paler than the types, but in our opinion referable
to this species without doubt. The primaries show a slight sprinkling
of whitish scales, and the abdomen has a trace of the one spot. It
would seem from this that the species is arctic and alpine, rather than
limited to Greenland, and it may prove to be the same as one of the
species described from Arctic Europe. The male genitalia are much
like those of pterodactyla with a few differences in the valves.

7. Stenoptilia exclam.vtigxis Walsingham. PI. XLII, fig. 11, 14.

PI. XLIX, fig. 11.
Mimi'scoptHus cxciawationis Walsingham. Pter. Cal. Ore. 32. pi. 11, f. 10, 1880.

358

Steitoj>ti!ia exclamationis Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Id., Pter. N. A. 59, pi. Ill, ff. 1, 2; pi. VIII, ff. 3, 4, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 447, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 19, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 30, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Stenoptilia coloradensis Fernald, Pter. N. A. 61, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 447, 1902.

Anderson, Cat. B. C. Lep. 50, 1904.

Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M. XXVII, 924, 1904.

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 43, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 19, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 30, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Gray brown. White line over eye. Antennae darker above than below.
Palpi as in the preceding species, moderate, whitish above ; third joint small
and not e.xceeding vestiture of second. Abdomen dark, with mixed blackish,
ochreous and white scales. Paired dots in posterior margins of segments above
and two parallel white lines below. Legs whitish on one side as in the related
species.

Primaries dark brownish gray on costa, blending into ochreous or pale
gray on inner margin, and heavily irrorate with white in most specimens and
with scattered black scales in the darker forms. The white scales vaguely
checker the costa and are heavy, as a nile, on the terminal area of both lobes.
Cleft preceded by two blackish dots, usually fused. The first is usually merged
into a costal shade which is sometimes extensive enough to form a rather vague
discal triangle such as occurs in Platyl^tilia. First lobe with a heavy oblique
blackish shade, margined outwardly with white and preceded on costa by a
white dash. That part of the shade nearest the cleft is a darker, almost longi-
tudinal, fusiform dash which is sometimes isolated by the surrounding white
irroration. The white outer margin of this patch is continued on the second
lobe. There is usually a blackish dot near middle of cell. Fringes white in
cleft, with grayish clusters before outer margin, elsewhere gray, white below
apices of both lobes. On outer margin they contain a basal row of blackish
scales. Secondaries brownish gray with concolorous fringes. Expanse 18-24 mm.

Distribution : Colo., July and Aug. N. Cal., June. B. C. east
into Ont., July, Aug.

The type series of exclamationis was taken in the Siskiyou Mts.
"on the borders of California and Oregon", in June, and included
seven specimens. The Fernald collection contains one male paratype
from this series, which we have examined. It is the most smoothly
gray specimen which we have seen, and it is scarcely to be thought
strange that, with limited material, Fernald described the same species
as coloradensis. The type series of the latter includes a male type and

359

two "cotypes" which lack abdomens, all in the Fernald collection.
These are quite different in appearance from the paratype of exclama-
tionis, but all come well w^ithin the range of variation of our series,
and in it there are specimens which approach Walsingham's paratype
rather closely. An even more remarkable variation from the normal
is found in a specimen in our series from Aweme, Man. (Criddle)
which is small and dark, with the discal triangle conspicuous and a
very evident powdering of black scales on the primaries. Dr. McDun-
nough sent us for identification a second S from Aweme and two
females from Trenton and Ottawa, Ont., all of this dark, small form
and even more extreme than our specimen. The transition shown in
our series is so gradual that we think it useless to recognize any of
these forms by names.

The specimens listed by Grinnell (Can. Ent. XL, 321, 1908) as
coloradcnsis proved to be a series of Platyptilia fragilis with a specimen
or two of albidorsclla. We do not know that cxclamationis reaches
southern California.

The early stages have apparently not been studied.

Genus Aciptilia Huebner

Logotype Aliicita pcntadactyla Linn.

fAlucila VValsingham & Diirrant (not Linn.) Ent. Mo. Mag, XXIII, 41, 1807,
Pseudotype pcntadactyla.

Fernald, Pter.- N. A. 36, 1898 (in part).

Id., Bull. 52. U. S. N. M. 444, 1902 (in part).

Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 34, 1905.

Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1907, 488, 1908,

Id., Gen. Ins. C, 12, 1908 (in part).

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat, pars 17, 16, 1913 (in part),

Walsingham, Biol. Cent. Am., Lep. Het. IV, 439, 1915.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917 (in part).
-\Plcrophiirus Lamarck (not Geoffrey), Syst. An. Sans. Vert, 288, 1801, Pciit-
adaclyhts cited as example.

Curtis, Brit. Ent., Lep. I, 161, 1827, Pseudotype pcntadactyla.

Westvvood, Gen, Syn. 115, 1840. Follows Curtis.

Meyrick, Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond. 489, 1890,

Id., Handbook 435, 1895.
XPtcrophora Huebner, Tentamen, 1806.

Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, .35, 1905.

360

Aciftilia Huebner, Verz. bek. Schmett. 430, 1826.

Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 9, 1886.

Tutt, Pter. Brit. 137, 1891 (in part).

Hofmann, Dcutsch. Pter. 50, 182, 1895.

Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 35, 1905. Fixes type.
XAciptilus Zeller, Isis X, 768, 1841.

Wallengren, Skand. Fjar. 23, 1859

Zeller, Stett. ent. Zeit. XXVIII, 338, 1867.

Jordan, Ent. Mo. Mag. VI, 150, 1869.

Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 35, 1905.
Merrifieldia Tutt, Ent. Rec. 37, 1905. Orthotype Iridactyta Linn.
Porritia Tutt, op. cit. 37, 1905. Orthotype galactodactyla D. & S.
VVheekria Tutt, op. cit. 37, 1905. Orthotype spilodactyla Curtis.

Front rounded, without tuft. Ocelli obsolete. Labial palpi moderate,
slender. Forewings bifid, cleft from near middle, lobes slender; vein Cu„ in
our species from near angle of cell, obsolete toward inner margin; Cu^ absent,
M to end of second lobe. R,, to apex of first lobe, remaining branches absent.
S. C. to middle of costa. Secondaries trifid; third lobe without black scales
in fringes; Cu,, from middle of cell, Cu, absent. (See pi. XLVIII, fig. 6.)

The synonymy of this genus involves one of the most peculiar
nomenclalorial tangles which has come to our attention. In using
Pterophora in the "Tentamen" with pentadactyla as the sole species,
Huebner actually made a new genus, which would stand in this family
together with PteropJiorus Geoff., according to a literal interpretation
of the International Rules. This is so highly absurd that we prefer
to depart from the rules and regard Pterophora as an emendation.
It was probably so intended, though there is nothing in the "Tenta-
men" to indicate this.

The remaining genera involve only the establishment of the first
type fixation, with the exception of Tutt's. We follow Meyrick in
assigning these three here.

Of the four species usually referred to this genus in our fauna
two belong in Adaina and one in Pselnophorus, leaving only zvalsiiig-
hami. This species is conspicuously distinct from all of our others.
The long and very slender lobes of the primaries alone suffice to dis-
tinguish it, except from Trichoptilus.

1. AciPTii.iA WALSiNGHAMi Fernald. PI. XLI, fig. 18. PI. XLIX,
fig. 17.

Alucita walsingliaini Fernald, Pter. N. A. 36, 1898.
Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 444, 1902.

361

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 13, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 17, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Whitish, sometimes stained ochreous. Antennae grayish above, darker
below. Palpi concolorous, small, slender, upturned, reaching middle of front.
Abdomen with a faint dorsal stripe. Legs whitish, shaded slightly with gray.
Primaries grayish, the vestiture of mixed white and light brownish gray
scales, lobes mostly white. The lobes are very long and slender, and the first
has a tendency to turn forward in many specimens. Fringes brownish gray
on costa of first lobe with two white patches, at base of cleft and on costa
of second lobe each with one, and on inner margin with two, and whitish
toward basal limit. Secondaries brownish gray with concolorous cilia and
very slender lobes.

Distribution: Described from four males from Colo. In coll.
Barnes from Chimney Gulch, Colo., one specimen, and Stockton, Utah,
(Spalding), a good series taken mostly in June but including one
specimen dated May 31.

Of the four specimens in the type series one is now in the Na-
tional Museum and three in the Fernald collection. Two of the latter
are labelled "type" and the others "cotype".

The early stages have apparently not been studied.

In superficial appearance ivalsinghami is closest to spUodactylci
Curtis but the alternate light and dark patches in the fringes of the
primaries are in the opposite order and the insect is more definitely
grayish. It is the only true Aciptilia in our fauna, and differs from
all other species except in Trichoptilus in the slender lobes of the pri-
maries, and from the species of that genus in the grayish color and
absence of black scales from the fringes of the secondaries.

Genus Pselnophorus Wallengren
Haplotype Alucita brachydactyla Treitschke

Pselnophorus Wallengren, Ent. Tidsk. XI, 96, 1881. Brachydactyla sole species.

Meyrick, Handbook 437, 1895.

Hofmann, Deutsch Pter. 50, 178, 1895.

Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1907, 491, 1908.

Id., Gen. Ins. C, 14, 1908.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 20, 1913.
Gypsocharcs Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 488, 1890, Haplotype baptodactyla
Zell.

Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 36, 1905.

362

Crcisimctis Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 489, 1890. Logotype brachydactyla.
Tiitt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 36, 1905. Fixes type.

Much like the following genus. Ocelli obsolete ; palpi moderate, slender,
obHque in our species. Primaries cleft from three-fifths (from middle accord-
ing to Meyrick, but not in our species) ; M^ and Cu^ stalked, connate with Cu,_, ;
R and R,^ stalked (very variable in bclfragci), connate or stalked with R.^; R3
absent; R, free in our species. Secondaries trifid, without dark scales in fringes
of third feather; Cu., from middle of cell, Cu^ absent. (See pi. XLVIII, fig. 4.)

Judging by Meyrick's characterization of the genus and the struc-
tures of the species which we know, Psclnophorus is a very poorly
defined genus, intermediate between Oidaematoplionis and Aciplilia
and about equivalent to Adaina in the degree of its development. All
the species agree in having R-, stalked with one or more of the other
branches of the radius, wliile this vein is free in Adaina and the anas-
tomosis concerns R4. The venation is very variable in bclfragei. We
have specimens in which R.,, R^ and R5 are short stalked, others in
which R, and R„ are long stalked and R. separate, and still others in
which Ri and R, are short stalked and connate with R..

1. PSELNOPHORUS BELFRAGEI Fish. PI. XLT, fig. 19. PI. XLIX,

fig. 19.
AcipHlus bclfragci Fish, Can. Ent. XIII, 142, 1881.
Pterofhorus bclfragei Femald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 88. 1891.
Alucita bclfragei Femald, Pter. N. A. 37, 1898.
Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 444, 1902.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 13, 1910.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 17, 1913.
Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.

This species is so variable that no accurate description can be given, so
we merely call attention to the various features and point out the extent to
which they vary.

The palpi are brown on the sides, white above and below. Head with
some white between antennae. Legs white with or without brown shading; fore
and middle femora and tibiae striped with dark brown. The abdomen is most
distinctive. It varies from pale ochreous to dark gray brown, due to a variable
mixture of dark scales. In the most heavily marked specimens it bears two
conspicuous silky white lines above, margined more or less with black dashes.
There are similar lines on the sides and a pair below, all less conspicuous, and
many black scales, especially on the sides in the posterior half of the abdomen.
In the paler specimens some black scales remain and the dorsal stripes are usually
faintly marked.

The primaries vary from white with scattered brown and gray scales to
dark gray-brown with some whitish scales. The marks are very variable, anil

363

consist of a dark brown dot in middle of cell, oblique patch before cleft, two
spots on costa of first lobe, one at apex and one before, and a spot before apex
of second lobe. Fringes gray brown, approximately concolorous; whitish patches
before apices of both lobes, on costal margins, and occasionally on inner mar-
gins. Expanse 13-19 mm.

The male genitalia are somewhat variable, and an average form
is figured. (Plate XLIX, fig. 19.)

Distribution: Fla., Apr. Texas, Mar., May, June. Ariz.

The type is a female from Clifton, Tex., May 16, now in coll.
Fernald. It is in excellent condition, aside from the lack of hind
legs, and is a inoderatcly pale example. We first made the acquaint-
ance of the species through our smallest and darkest specimen (from
Texas), and labelled pale specimens from Florida as a new species.
The type is nearer to the Florida specimens, but in spite of its gen-
erally light color, the dorsal stripes are quite noticeable, while in the
others they are very faint. The only series of reasonable size which
we have examined is in the Cambridge Museum. It contains twelve
specimens from Shovel Mt., Tex., and seven from Fedora, Tex., all
collected by Dr. Dietz. Several of these are being retained in the
Barnes collection. This series includes only the darkest form, which
we judge to be the most common. A number from Victoria, Tex.,
in the National Museum are decidedly pale gray, and a single Arizona
specimen in our series is rather smoothly gray with darker fringes
and only the costal spots heavily marked. The species is not difficult to
recognize except in its paler forms which have faint dorsal stripes.
In some of these an examination of the structural characters of the
genus must be depended upon.

We know nothing of the life history.

Genus Adaina Tutt

Orthotype Alucita mkrodaclyla Huebner

Adaina Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 2,7, 190S.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 15, 1908.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 21, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Very similar to Oidacmatophorns. Ocelli obsolete. Palpi moderate, as-
cending, slender. Primaries cleft from two-thirds or before; vein Cu^ from
near angle of cell, Cu^ and M, connate or stalked: R, absent, R, and R, stalked,
sometimes very shortly (see A. buscki). Hindwings trifid, third segment with-
out black scales in fringes; vein Cu from middle of cell, CUj absent. The

364

species included are not unlike those in Oidacmatophorus, but differ in having
R., and R^ of the primaries at least short-stalked . In the genotype they are long
stalked. (See pi. XLVIII, fig. 5.)

We have felt some doubt about placing several of the species
included here, for they seem to make a rather heterogeneous group.
They agree, however, in the stalked second and third branches of the
radius. Bipnnctata and zcphyria are the most nearly typical, and
both have genitalia of the usual Oidacmatophorus form, yet the others,
in which R.^ and R^ are only short stalked, have genitalia of a different
and definite type, with the exception of citierasccns. In none of them
are the genitalia similar to those of Oidacmatophorus. These species
satisfy Meyrick's characterization of Adaiua, however, and even after
careful examination of a long series we are unable to find characters
on which we are willing to base a new genus. We are at a loss to
account for the peculiar discrepancies which exist in the genus as it
stands.

Key to the SPEaES

1. Terminal fringe of first lobe of primaries with a pencil of whitish scales

separating dark areas 4

Terminal fringe without such marks ; not more than one dark area
present 2

2. Middle and hind tibiae without tufts 3

Middle tibiae with large terminal tuft, botb with median dorsal tufts,
that of the hind legs small and spur-like buscki

J. Expanse not over 11.5 mm. Wings whitish. Antennae evenly colored

bi[<unctala

Expanse 14 mm. or more. Wings grayish, more or less powdered with
brown. Antennae dotted above sepliyria

4. Hind tibiae and tarsi with dark annuli ambrosiae

Hind tibiae pale, without rings, though with a few dark scales in darker
examples 5

5. Ground color of primaries pure while ; brown irroration often heavy,

especially in apex of first lobe 6

Yellowish. Irroration slight, not noticeably heavy in first \ohe. . .cinerasccns

6. Shining white powdered with scattered brown scales, with a brown spot

at base of cleft and one on costa above it moiitana

Similar but frecjuently almost completely covered with dense brown
irroration. Spot at base of cleft more or less definitely connected with
costal spot and with one on inner margin, forming a variably complete
oblique band form declivis

365

1. Adaina bipunctata Moeschler. PI. XIJ, fig. 20. PI. XLIX,

fig. 18.
Pterophorus bipunctatus Moeschler, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges. XVI, 346, 1890.
Fernald, Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 445, 1902.

Grossbeck, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. XXXVII, 135, 1917.
Alucita bipunctatus Walsingham, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1891, 496, 1892.
fLcioptilus microdactylus Hedemann, Stett. ent. Zeit. LVII, 9, 1896 (fide Fer-
nald).
tAdaina bipunctata Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 15, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 21, 1913.
Adaina bipunctatus Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Pterophorus siniplicius Grossbeck, Bnll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. XXXVII, 136,
1917.

Entirely pale yellowish white. Head touched with pale brownish above
and on front. Palpi rather long, slender; second joint oblique, third almost
as long, slightly drooping. Fore and mid tibiae and femora with brown stripes.
Abdomen with a faint dorsal ochreous stripe.

Primaries with a few brown scales and several brown spots, one at base
of cleft, one beyond on costa, followed by a second, one on inner margin of
first lobe before apex and two on inner margin of second lobe before apex.
Fringes slightly tinged with gray, similar to secondaries and their fringes. Ex-
panse 9-11.5 mm.

The primaries frequently lack part of the spots mentioned, but we have
yet to see an immaculate specimen.

The male genitalia are of the form found in Oidacmatophorus.

Distribution : We have five specimens from various localities in
Florida, one dated April, and have seen a few others dated March
and May. The Cornell collection contains one from Biloxi, Miss.,
Jime. Described from Porto Rico.

The t_ype of bipunctata should be at Berlin. We have not verified
the identification by reference to the type but see no reason to doubt
that Moeschler's description applies to our Florida species. If an
examination of his specimen should show that this is not the case,
simpliciits Grossbeck will be applicable. The type of this species is
.5 mm. larger than any other specimen which we have seen, according
to the original description, but this is negligible. Mr. Frank E. Wat-
son of the American Museum has very kindly compared specimens
for us with the types of both of Grossbeck's species, and says that
"although not an exact match", he considers our specimen labelled
simpliciits to be the same species as Grossbeck's type.

The life history is unknown.

3G6

2. Adaina zephvria n. sp. PI. XLI, fig. 21. PI. XLIX, fig. 20.
Brownish white. Head slightly darker in front and above, pale between

antennae. Antennae dotted with brown above. Palpi rather long and slender,
l)rown above; second joint oblique, third porrect, as in bipwictata. First two
pairs of legs brown inside, tibiae striped. Hind tarsi annulate.

Primaries with brown irroration, forming a vague spot in middle of cell.
First lobe with a brown spot on costa above base of cleft, a smaller one beyond
and another at apex; inner margin with one spot. Second lobe with a brown
dot at apex preceded by two or three at ends of veins, along inner margin.
There is a less definite spot at the base of the cleft. Secondaries and all fringes
approximately concolorous with primaries. Expanse 14-17 mm.

Aside from the left clasper. which is figured, the male genitalia are very
similar to those of the preceding species.

Described from a series of thirty-two specimens from San Diego, Ca!.,
August. The types are as follows :

Holotype S , allotype, 7 paratypes $ and j paratypes 9 in coll. Barnes.

Paratype <J and paratype 9 U. S. N. M. No. 23464.

Paratype S in coll. Meyrick.

In superficial appearance, depending on the amount of irrora-
tion, this species bears some resemblance to Ocdcmatophonis cadmus,
iohates and venapunctns, but tlie two brandies of the radius are so
long stalked that no difficulty should be encountered in placing it as
an Adaina.

The early stages are not known.

3. y\DAiNA MONTANA Walsingham. PI. XLII. fig. 1.
Aciptilus montanus Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 59, pi. Ill, f. 14, 1880.

Kel'icott, Can. Ent. XII, 106, 1880. (Mentions larva without name)

Fish, Can. Ent. XIII, 141, 1881, (Names Kellicott's larva).

Dimmock, Psyche III, 404, 1882.

Id., op. cit. 413, 1882.

Kellicott, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci. IV, 51, 1882 (biol. ) {fide Hy. Edw.)

Hy. Edwards, Bull. 35 U. S. N. M. 137, 1889.
Ptcrophonis montanus Femald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 88, 1891.
tAliiciln molilalia Fernald, Pter. N. A. 37, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 444, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 13, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 17, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.

"Head white; antennae white, faintly dotted above wilh brownish.

"Forewings cleft to nearly halt their length, snow-white, sparsely dusted

uitli fcrnipinous-brown scales, especially towards the costa; a blotch of these

lies immediately before the base of tlie fissure, and is connected obliquely with

a similar or r:it!ier darker blotch on the cnsta above it, which is scarcely sepa-

367

rated from another costal blotch beyond it, nearer to the apex. The cilia are
white, except immediately beneath the extreme apex, where they are dark
ferruginous brown. The outer half of the costal margin of the second lobe is
dark ferruginous brown, and this colour runs thence through the cilia imme-
diately beneath the extreme apex of this lobe; all of the remaining cilia are
snow-white.

"Posterior wings dusted w ith cinereous brown ; the cilia of the same colour,
the third lobe only being slightly paler towards the base.

"The abdomen and legs snow'-whitc, the two anterior pairs tinged with
brown on their inner sides.

"Expanse 16 millims."

Distribution: Type locality Mt. Sha.sta, Cal. The types were
taken in August. The only other specimens we have seen were taken by
Kellicott, in New York. There is one in the Fernald collection and
one in the National Museum, the latter dated March.

There are four "types" in the Fernald collection, all males, and
one other specimen which appears to be from Walsingham. The
single specimen without data which is labelled with Kellicott's name
completes the series. We have at hand the single specimen belonging
to the National Museum which was also collected by Kellicott, and
which presumably came from Buffalo, N. Y., though it is without a
locality label. This distribution seerns very peculiar, but the species
will probably be found more widely distributed in Canada than is now-
known, or it may be the form taken in the southern extremities of the
range. The known distribution of dcdn'is Meyrick does not substan-
tiate the latter alternative, and influences us to treat declivis as a form.

Kellicott reared the species from larvae eating the leaves of Soli-
dago sp., and at length published a description of the larva and pupa.
This is quoted by Fernald in the "Pterophoridae of North America."
apparently from the Bulletin of the Buffalo Society. We have no
original copy of Kellicott's description and so repeat Fernald's quo-
tation. We have carefully verified the identification of Kellicott's
species by sending the National Museum specimen to Meyrick for
comparison v.'ith Walsingham's type, and also by personal comparison
with the paratypes in the Fernald collection.

"T'.'.c larva feed? upon different species of SoUdago. The first examples
were noticed on May 30. At this time they were found only on the under side
of the leaves, later they occur on the upper as well. As a rule, they lie close
to and parallel with the mid-vein. At least \^ hile young they eat out the paren-
chyma, leaving the epidermis.

368

"May 30 the larvae were .1 of an inch and less in length; entirely white,
except claws and mandibles. The body is not flattened at this stage. The first
ring is broad, and the head may be well withdrawn into it. The tubercular
hairs are spined, plainly seen under a moderate magnifying power.

"June 3 the largest had evidently moulted, length then .2 of an inch, pale
green, eighth and ninth rings yellow. Lateral tufts more conspicuous. Dorsal
line faint. Subsequent changes not noted until full-grown larva was described
the latter part of June. Length .34 to .4 of an inch. Pale pea green, head paler;
dorsal stripe of three white lines, the middle one the finest and most clearly
defined. The seventh, eighth and ninth rings yellow. The posterior subdorsal
papilla of the body rings bears two unequal hairs, the anterior but one; above
the spiracles and in front of them also is a papilla; below the same there are
two, from which arise long hairs, five from posterior and ten or twelve from
anterior, these are spread out fan-like; below these a prominent longitudinal
fold. From the first ring proceed long hairs reaching over and bej'ond the
head. Hairs all unbranched and plumose. The body is considerably flattened,
so when looking down upon it the spiracles from either side may be seen at
once, spiracles conical, rings black.

"The f'<P" is .3 of an inch in length; light green, some of them have a
reddish stripe along dorsal part of the abdomen, the conical spiracles of such
have the same hue. The upper part of the rings well clothed, especially at
extremities and along the lateral ridges. Pupa fastens to a tuft of silk by
means of the hooks of the last ring. Moth appears through greater part of
July."

Form DECLivis Meyrick. PI. XLII, fig. 2. PI. L, fig. 2.
iAlucita cincrascens Dyar (not Wlsm.) Proc. U. S. N. M. XXV, 399, 1902

(biol.).
Ptcroplinrus dcclivis Meyrick, Exot. Microlep. I, 112, 1913.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913.
Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.

Dcclivis differs from montana in that the primaries are more or less heav-
ily irrorate with brown scales and the brown marks are heavier. The abdomen
in some specimens has a few dorsal dots. Expanse 14-16 mm.

Distribution: Ont., July (N. M.) ; Man., Mar.; Colo., June.

We have before us two of the specimens reared by Dyar and
Caudcll in Colorado. These are darker than the paratypes of mon-
tana in the Fernald collection and lighter than our Manitoba examples,
but Mr. Meyrick returned one to us as dcclivis after comparing it with
the type, and at the same time noted its apparent relationship with
montana. The differences in larval habit noted by Dyar and Kelli-
cott have led us to make a very careful examination of these two speci-
mens, montana Kellicott, and Walsingham's paratypes, but minute
comparison fails to disclose any differences of specific value.

369

Dyar's account of the life history is as follows:

"Larz'Q.— Head long, the mouth pointed, apex under joint 2; whitish. Body
flattened, narrow, not tapering. Tubercles i and ii approximate with one long
and several short hairs, iii single haired, iiib several haired, iv + v large, many
haired, the others retracted subventrally. Translucent green, with obscure,
straight, subdorsal and broken lateral lines, the latter above tubercle iii. Warts
black, i + ii largely so, and forming a double row of distinct spots separated
by a straight line of the ground color. Anterior edge of joint 2, posterior rim
of reduced cervical shield and warts of anal flap also black marked. Hairs
white, spinulose; none secondary. Pupa free, not in a cocoon.

"Larvae in the heads of Helianthus pumilus. near Boulder Creek Canyon.
May 23; moths issued June 12. Eggs were obtained from these which passed
the winter without hatching, showing the species to be single brooded with
hibernation in the egg state.

"Egci. — Oviform, elliptical, one end more pointed than the other, b-Hh
slightly truncate at the extreme tips, strongly and sharply flattened on two
sides, like cakes cut out of dough: pale yellow, opaque, not shining, the surface
slightly shagreened, not sculptured. Size, 0.55 by 0.4 by 0.15 mm."

4. Adaina cinekascens Walsingham. PL XLII, fig. 3. PI. L, fig. 3.
Aciptilus cinerasccns Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 57, pi. HI, f. 13, 1880.
Pterophorus cinerascens Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 88, 1891.
Alucita cinerascens Fernald, Pter. N. A. 39, pi. H, ff. 5, 6; pi. IX, ff. 9-11, 1898.
Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 444, 1902.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 14, 1910.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 20. 1913.
Barnes & McDunnoiigh, Check List 151, 1917.

Head very slightly touched with brown above and in front. Palpi very
short and slender. Antennae whitish. Thorax and abdomen whitish, legs con-
colorous, the first pair fuscous inside and middle pair with some fuscous.

Primaries in good specimens distinctly yellowish, very slightly irrorate with
brown. Costa with a brown patch just beyond base of cleft and another beyond
middle of first lobe. Cleft preceded by a brown spot slightly produced toward
first costal spot but not connected with it. Second lobe with costa at apex
brown. Fringes white on costa, grayish elsewhere with two darker patches
before apex of first lobe, in cleft, and one below apex of second. Secondaries
and their fringes pale brownish gray. Expanse 16.5-19 mm.

The male genitalia have a remarkably developed jtixta, and are
very distinct from any others known to us.

Distribution: Described from Mendocino and Lake Co., Cal,
June. Nevada, June. Utah, July. S. Oregon.

The Fernald collection contains fotir paratypes in good condi-
tion. These differ from Walsingham's figure in the two dark areas

370

before the apex of the first lobe of the primaries in place of one. The
marks on the costa are much less extensive than in the figure.

The yellow color of fresh specimens renders this species very
distinct from the preceding, but worn specimens of small size are fre-
quently difficult to distinguish. The differences in pattern noted in
the key sufiice in all of the few specimens which we have seen, and
the heavily brown-marked apex of montana seems to us the most
salient difference in that species. The wings, in our opinion, do not
show the marked difference in shape which appears in Walsingham's
figures, though we have compared his own paratypes in the F"ernald
collection.

The early stages are unknown.

5. Adaina buscki n. sp. PI. XLII, fig. 4. PI. L, fig. 1.

Tawny or brownish white. Antennae and palpi concolorous, the latter
moderate, slender, upturned or oblique. Abdomen with a slight brown dorsal
stripe and some brown scales on the sides and below. Legs concolorous, shaded
with brown. Mid-tibiae with brown scale tufts at end and middle. Hind tibiae
with a distinct tuft at end, a slight tuft below at base of first pair of spurs,
and a short, spur-like tuft above at middle, well before spurs.

Primaries, whitish tawny with scattered brown scales fonning a dot in
cell and a dash before cleft which projects toward a costal spot beyond base
of cleft. First lobe with costal dot beyond middle, an apical dot, and one before
apex on inner margin. Second lobe with some brown scales in apex and at
end of vein Cu . Fringes gray brown with a darker cluster at spot on inner
margin of first lobe. Secondaries and fringes gray-brown. Expanse 20-21 mm.

Holotypc 9, Cocoanut Grove, Fla. (E. A. Schwarz), and paratype in poor
condition, Miami Fla. (Coll. Schaus), U. S. N. M. No. 23465.

Allotype S, same source as holotype, coll. Barnes.

The tufted tibiae of this species do not agree with Mr. Meyrick's
diagnosis of Adaina, but in venation it corresponds with most of the
other species which we place in the genus. Veins R. and 4, of the
primaries are short stalked and R5 free. We examined a specimen
in the American Museum collection which appeared to be this species,
and found Rj and R4 only connate. The genitalia of the allotype
seem most closely related to those of ambrosiac.

The types were found in the National Museum collection, and
in recognition of his services in connection with the loan of this mate-
rial we take pleasure in naming the species after Mr. August Busck.

We have no data on the life history.

:vri

6. Adaina ambrosiae Alurtfeldt. PI. XLII, fig. 5, 6. PI. L, fig. 4.

Ocdematophonis ambrosiae Murtfeldt, Am. Ent. Ill, 236, 1880 (biol.).

Dimmock, Psyclie III, 403, 1882.

Hy. Edwards, Bull. 35, U. S. N. M. 137, 1889.
Alucita ambrosiae Femald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.
§Oedematiis ambrosia Murtfeldt, Proc. Nat. Sci. Club 13, 1896.
\Pterophorus inquiiwtus Femald, Pter. N. A. 56, 1898 (in part).

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 447, 1902 (in part).

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910 (in part).

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1917 (in part).

Walsingham, Biol. Cent. Am., Lep. Het. IV, 446, 1915 (in part).

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917 (in part).
Pterophorus ambrosiae Femald, Pter. N. A. pi. VI, ff. 14-17, 1898.
Pterophorus perplexus Grossbeck, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. XXXVU, 136,
1917.
Head brownish, pale grayish white between antennae. Antennae with a
dark line, sometimes broken, above. Palpi, small, slender, oblique, brown on
sides. Thorax whitish to gray-brown. Abdomen similar, somewhat tawny in
our series but this may be due to stain. There are single black dorsal dots on
the posterior margins of most segments and a few blackish streaks, all some-
times obscured by a variable mixture of brown scales. Sides roughened, with
many brown scales. Under surface with a central stripe fonning dots on hind
margins of segments. Front legs white, tarsi brown inside, femora and tibiae
striped. Middle pair similar, tibia with a slight trace of median tuft. Hind
legs with scattered brown scales and annuli.

Primaries gray, frequently tawny in first lobe and a little before. Entire
wing irrorate with brownish black scales which tend to collect along the veins
and in blotches near inner margin, often reduced on first lobe and increased
on second. A few pale scales before cleft are preceded by a black dash, some-
what triangular, outwardly concave, and often produced toward the nearest costal
spot. This is heavy and usually conspicuous, and is followed aliout half way
to the apex by a smaller black spot. These are continued through the otherwise
pale costal fringes. In addition the costa of the first lobe is sometimes marked
with two dots, one before and one beyond the outer spot, which do not enter
and fringes. Apex of first lobe and inner margin before apex with black dots.
Fringes of inner margin of first lobe pale with two dark patches at outer end
which contain a basal row of black scales. Fringes of second lobe gray brown,
cut with four pale areas at apex and before it on inner margin. The two outer
dark areas thus formed have black basal scales. Secondaries and their fringes
brownish gray. All characters except the larger spots of the primaries are
more or less variable. Expanse 14-20 mm.

Distribution : Fla. to Pa., west to S. Cal. and Ariz. In the
northern parts of its range it appears chiefly in Aug. and Sept., in the
south and on the Pacific Coast March to July, Sept., Nov. according

372

to our series. We have the species in good series from intermediate
localities, including specimens reared by Dr. McDunnough at Decatur.

The Murtfeldt collection, now at Cornell University, contained
three specimens labelled as types of this species, which were submitted
to us for examination. All bore the same rearing number and the
locality Mo. One proved to be a specimen of Marasmarcha pumilio
Zell., the others corresponded to our idea of anibrosiac. We labelled
a S lectotype and the other, a 9 , which is in the Barnes collection
through the kindness of Dr. J. C. Bradley, may be regarded as a para-
type. One specimen in the Fernald collection bore type and breeding
labels in Miss Murtfeldts handwriting, and we have therefore labelletl
it as a paratype.

We have not been able to examine the types of pcxplcxus Gross-
beck, but placed it as a synonym of ambrosiae by means of the descrip-
tion. A comparison of specimens with the type, which Mr. Frank E.
Watson has very kindly made, confirms this opinion.

Ambrosiae is an extremely variable species in most details of color
and pattern, and can be confused rather readily with some species of
Oidaematophoriis in a casual examination. The stalked radial branches,
however, place it with a group of species from which it is readily
separable. The single dorsal dots on the abdomen distinguish it from
iiiquiiiatns, of which it has so long been regarded as a synonym. In
inquinatus the dorsal dots are paired.

Miss Murtfeldt reared the species before describing it, and in
her original paper gives the following account of larva and pupa :

"Larva: Length 0.35; diameter, 0.09. Form depressed. Color pale greenish
gray, with ver\' characteristic dark markings and lateral tufts of long, white,
silken hairs. Head small, light brown, corneous, retractile. Segment 1 with
a dilated, partially free, shield-like collar covering top and projecting over the
head. The ornamentation of this collar consists of five central minute brown
dots, with four still smaller black ones on each side, from each of which pro-
ceeds a short, curved bristle. The projecting edges are fringed with soft, light
hairs. Segments 2 and 3, gradually broadening backward, ornamented on dorsum
with two oblong, pale-brown spots on either side of a triangle of very minute
black dots, and having a larger black dot on each outer side. Two short bristles
arise from each of the more conspicuous spots. Abdominal segments, each with
four, somewhat elevated, brown spots, from which proceed single, short, back-
ward-curving bristles. Between the posterior pair of brown spots are two smaller
black ones, each of which forms the base of a very short clubbed piliferous
process, which turns backward, resting flat upon the surface.

373 _

"The stigmata arc annulated with black, and obliquely above and forward
of each are two small brown dots. The lateral tufts are below the stigmata,
and each is composed of from seven to nine long hairs, which, under the lens,
are remotely pectinate. A little above and back of each of these tufts is a semi-
circle of fine, scale-like bristles. The prolegs are very short.

"Pupa: Length, 0.25. Swollen and blunt anteriorly. Color pale fulvous,
with a roseate hue on dorsum. Dorsal surface beset with tufts of dingy hairs,
with a lateral fringe of single straight hairs, which serve to secure it more firmly
to the mat of silk upon which it rests. Dorsum marked, near the head, with
two large dull-brown spots, and an indistinct longitudinal stripe of same color
on the abdomen. On either side of the thorax is a small, velvety dark brown

dot.

***********

"It feeds on the Rag-weed (Ambrosia artemisiacfolia), and I have only
found it late in the season."

Dr. McDunnough has communicated to us the following notes :

"Murtfeldt's description is, on the whole, good. Tubercles I and II are
raised, conical, brown, with short recurved setae. The two black dots between
tubercles II are characteristic but piliferous process mentioned could not be
seen; there is a short seta projecting forward and lying flat on the body sur-
face, arising from just before tubercle 1 and there is often another behind H.
but none arising from the spots themselves. Area around tubercles often with
numerous round minute glandular processes, much like mushrooms. Tubercle
III anterior to and well above spiracle with minute seta, pointed forward and
recumbent, above it a black lenticle (these two arising from the two black spots
mentioned by Murtfeldt). Spiracle raised, black, forming on prothorax a large
conical process, much raised. Lateral tufts as stated. Tubercle IV is a tuft
of 4 or S rather short broad setae, situated above and posterior to the lateral tuU
which represents V and contains 7-8 very long setae and numerous short ones.
Skin, especially near lateral flange, shagreened ; faint traces of yellow dorsal
line behind II with V shaped oblique extensions pointing forward. All setae
strongly barbed. Thoracic tubercles with two short setae and with the spot
above larger than on abdominal segments, oblong (not round) and consisting
apparently of fusion of lenticles.

"Pupa. Wing-sheaths pale green with rows of minute setae and lateral
fringe of longer ones. Dorsally whitish-green, thoracic segments with purple-
brown markings and geminate fine dorsal line terminating in a large black-
brown patch. A faint dark dorsal line on abdominal segments broadening on
the 4th to a stripe which is continued to anal segment; traces of oblique lateral
lines, reaching to spiracle and most distinct on the two segments posterior to
the dark dorsal patch. Spiracles black, the first visible one being raised, conical
and arising from a black brown lateral patch. Setae of primary tubercles as in
the larvae; dorsal ones however are not single but have clusters of shorter
hair around the base."

374

Genus Oidaematophorus Wallengren
Haplotype Aliicita lithodactyla Treitschke

Oidaematophorus Wallengren, Skand. Fjad. 19, 1859.

Jordan, Ent, Mo. Mag. VI, 125, 1869.

Tutt, Pter. Brit. 103, 1896.

Id., Ent. Rec. XVII, 35, 1905.
fPtcrophonis Wallengren (not Geoff.) Skand. Fjad. 20, 1859.

Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 39, 1880.

Meyrick, Trans. Ent. See. Lend. 10, 1886.

Hofmann, Deutsch. Pter. 49, 155, 1895.

Tutt, Pter. Brit. 110, 1896.

Fernald, Pter. N. A. 39, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 444, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 15, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lcp. Cat. pars 17, 21, 1913.

Walsingham, Biol. Cent,-Am., Lcp. Het. IV, 439, 1915.

Mosher, Class. Lep. Pupae 70, 1916.

Barnes & McDununough, Check List 151, 1917.
Lcioptilus Wallengren, Skand. Fjad. 21, 1859. Logotype tcphradactylus Hbn.

Zeller, Stett. ent. Zcit. XXVIII, 331, 338, 1867.

Jordan, Ent. Mo. Mag. VI, 149, 1869.

Hofmann, Deutsch. Pter. 49, 160, 1895.

Tutt, Pter. Brit. 114, 1896.

Id., Ent. Rec. XVII, 36, 1905. Fixes type.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 15, 1910. Under Ptcrophonix. Pseudotvpe scar-
odactylus Hbn.
tOcdcmatophorus Zeller, Stett. ent. Zeit. XXVIII, 331, 337, 1867.

Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 34, 1880.

Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend. 10, 1886.

Hofmann, Deutsch. Pter. 49, 148, 1895.
XLiopiilus Zeller, Stett. ent. Zeit. XXVIH, 331. footnote, 1867.

V/alsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 41, 1880.

Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 10, 1886.
■\AhicUa Meyrick (not Linn.) Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 487, 1890.

Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Meyrick, Handbook 438, 1895.
Ovcndcnia Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 37, 1905. Orthotypc scplodaclyla Treitschke.
HcUinsia Tutt, loc. cit. Orthotype ostcodactylus Zell.
Euimelina Tutt, loc. cit. Orthotype motwdaciyla Linn.

Front rarely with tuft. Ocelli obsolete. Palpi short to long, usually
slender and more or less oblique. Tibiae with or without conspicuous scale
tufts. Primaries bitid, cleft two-fifths or less; vein Cu., about three-fourths
length of cell from base, Cu^ and M., connate or stalked; radials free, R., absent.
Secondaries trind, fringes without black scales. Cu., from middle of cell, Cu
absent. (See pi. XLVltl, (ig. 7).

375

Crctidactylus Fitch and allied species in the North American
fauna are very similar to the type of Oidaematophorus, while palca-
ccHS Zell. and others are nearer to the type of Lcioptilus, but we find
such a complete transition of structure that we agree with Meyrick
in regarding them all as congeneric. Tutt's genera demantl little re-
mark with the exception of Emmelina, type monodactylus. This genus
is identical with the '\Ptcrophorus Auct., and in our opinion is not
worthy of separation, in spite of the rather distinct habitus of mono-
dactylus.

The species of Oidaematophorus are not at all difficult to identify
when one has gained some familiarity with them. Usually some one
or two characters suffice, but we have found that very nearly all char-
acters of color and pattern are subject to such variation that the con-
struction of a key is very difficult. In order that the one presented
here may offer the fewest possibilities of confusion we have inserted
a number of species in two catagories. Only in this way have we been
able to make use of salient features of many species which are not
entirely constant.

Key to the Speoes

1. Palpi porrect, conspicuously longer than head, frontal tuft long. Very

attenuate insects longifrous

Palpi not conspicuously longer than head 2

2. Primaries with a dark costal dot or patch above or just beyond base
of cleft, sometimes connected with spot at base of cleft to form an

oblique patch 3

Without such a mark; costa without spots or first spot near middle of
first lobe 35

3. Primaries lemon yellow ; hind wings dark. Expanse about 24 mm.

Costal spot very small some sulphurcndactyhis

Primaries not lemon yellow ; if yellowish, expanse of insect less than

24 mm or with conspicuous dark marks 4

4. Gray or whitish species; posterior margins of at least part of the ab-
dominal segments with paired dorsal black dots 5

Various. Abdominal segments with single spots if any ; sometimes
immaculate or with a different pattern 7

5. General appearance dull brownish gray with some white scales on

primaries inquinaius

General appearance whitish or Hght gray with dark markings 6

6. Smaller, 14-18 mm. Wings predominantly greyish below eras

Larger, 17-24 mm. Secondaries usually more or less whitish below. .. ./>o«

376

7. Ground color pure white. Mid tibiae with ri well developed median

ti, f t clliottii

Ground color otherwise or mid tibae with only a trace of the median
tuft S

8. Primaries tawny, yellowish, or grayish ochreous, expanse less than
20 mm. or with spot nt base of cleft small, usually rounded, and the
only conspicuous discal mark. If gray powdered and small, abdomen

with dorsal dots. Secondaries not contrastingly dark 9

Not such species !•'

9. Fringes dark at apex of lobes of primaries 10

Fringes evenly colored some occidcntalis

10. Palpi with dark scales on outer surface 1-

Palpi entirely whitish 11

11. Primaries yellowish. Expanse under 18 mm. Blackish-brown fringes
at tip of first lobe conspicuous, apex of second lobe with fringes scarcely

darkened tinctus

Primaries more tawny. Expanse 18-22 mm. Dark fringe at tips of
both lobes cocUisc

12. Expanse usually under 20 mm. Dark fringes at apex of second lobe

almost equally extensive on costal and outer margins some iobales

Expanse usually well over 22 mm. Dark fringes of second lobe mostly

on costal margin some kclianlhi

13. Small or moderate species, primaries whitish, yellowish, grayish or och-
reous, usually rather coarsely powdered wMth dark scales. Either pale,
without extensive and contrasting pattern, or with dot at base of cleft
the only conspicuous discal mark. Mid tibiae with no more than a trace

of median tuft 1"*

Not such species. Either over 25 mm. expanse, with an evident median
tuft on mid tibiae, or with nebulous, contrasting gray brown marks on

prmiarics

21

Inner margin of first lobe of primaries rather broadly white, contrast-
ing with the dark fringe intcgratus

Without such a stripe, but sometimes with entire lobe paler than fringe 15
Secondaries dark, primaries yellowish with discal dot, varying to dark,
smooth gray with yellowish subcostal line ending opposite base of cleft.
This species has no definite costal spot over base of cleft, but the dark

shade at this point sometimes approximates a spot some corvus

Not such species lo

Longer spur of first pair on hind tibiae reaching over half way to end

of joint 1'

This spur reaching less than half distance to end of tibia 18

Primaries white with scattered brownish scales cadinus

Primaries more or less ochreous with dark brownish irroration. discal

dot conspicuous some iubatcs

Head with a definite white patch between antennae 19

Without such a patch ; head evenly coloured or nearly so 20

3T7

19. Gray. Spot contiguous to base of cleft mcdius

White, coarsely irrorate with gray. Spot conspicuous, sliglitly before
base of cleft liniis

20. Fringes in cleft of primaries dark some arion

Fringes not dark ; in general about same shade as wing, with light and
dark areas fishii

21. Primaries pure white with variably extensive dark marks, cloudy with

exception of oblique patch. Median tibial tuft very slight brucei

With strong median tuft on mid tibiae or not pure white 22

22. Dorsal surface of abdomen with slightly diverging light and dark
streaks. Primaries with subcostal pale line, usually conspicuous, reach-
ing costa on each side of dark costal dot over base of cleft austcr

Not such species 23

23. Ground color of primaries even yellowish white or whitish with black
marks, pattern simple. Secondaries contrastingly dark. Western species 24
Ground color never tinged with yellow, sometimes more or less cream
colored or tawny but rarely whitish. Secondaries not conspicuously
darker 25

24. Fringes in cleft of primaries very dark. Mid tibiae with median tuft

castor

Fringes of cleft pale. No tuft /"oZ/kx

25. Slender winged gray insects. Primaries finely powdered with brownish
black and white. Inner margin usually with an underlying brown shade

of variable extent grisescens

Primaries blackish brown or blackish, conspicuously streaked with pure

white 26

Primaries creamy white to tawny brown with brown marks, if any.
Never extensively irrorate with blackish scales, and with little or no

white 27

Not such species 29

26. Smaller, expanse rarely as great as 25 mm. Front of thorax and basal
half of patagia white, this shade definitely limited behind. Palpi gray-
brown above mcyricki

Larger, rarely as small as 25 mm. White on thorax and patagia more
extensive and less definitely limited. Palpi mostly white iiihar

27. With a brown streak in apex of second lobe of primaries, extending

through fringe 28

Without such a streak some occidentalis

28. Thorax and patagia pale citrites

Thorax and patagia pale in front only, this area sharply limited fieldi

29. Fringes on inner margin of primaries neither white nor with conspicu-
ous clusters of white scales, sometimes with a very faint cluster and

pencil of pale or whitish hairs 30

These fringes sometimes almost white, always with one or more evi-
dent clusters of white hairs 33

378

Predominating color of primaries some pale, dull shade bordering on

clay-color 31

Primaries very dark with some whitish scales; abdomen with two

heavy black dashes following pale terminal area of thorax alaskensis

Western species. Primaries narrow, colors usually dull and contrasts

slight. Expanse over 25 mm 32

Western. Primaries normal, with blackish-brown irroration, more or

less longitudinally streaked. Expanse under 25 mm gratiosus

Eastern. Primaries normal, more or less tinged with brown shades
and sprinkled with dark brown scales. Triangle at base of cleft powdery

dark brown, in sharp contrast with ground color cretidactyhis

Spot before cleft small, sometimes preceded by some dark scales form-
ing a vague streak, and weakly connected to costal spot. Ground color

of primaries even, scantily powdered with dark scales rileyi

Spot usually forming a dark triangle reaching costa. Primaries usually
somewhat striate, due to pale veins. Dark powdering usually abund-
ant cineruceus

Tarsi heavily annulate. Abdomen with two heavy black dashes above

on first segment alaskensis

Fore and mid tarsi with a dark annulus about the end of each joint,
broken on one side on the former. No heavy black dashes on first

abdominal segment above gtittatus

Fore and mid tarsi white, faintly banded on one side only in the darkest

specmiens

34

Hind legs usually white, sometimes with faintly darker annuli. Tufts

of mid tibiae moderate. Primaries evenly pale some mathewianus

Hind legs with dark tenninal annuli on tibiae and tarsal joints. Tufts
of mid tibiae large and bushy. In pale specimens the primaries are
conspicuously lighter in costal portion eupatorii

35. Costal half of primaries soft grayish to purplish, blending into ochreous

of inner margin. Expanse over 25 mm haroni

Not such species 36

36. Greatest width of primaries about one sixth length. Longest fringes
of second lobe exceeding width of lobe. Mid tibiae with two weak

tufts. Hind tarsi usually with a conspicuous dorsal crest monodactyhis

Wings usually wider, with moderate fringes. Crest on hind tibiae
never present 37

i7. Ground color snowy while. Mid tibiae without definite median tuft.... 3S
Creamy white or darker , 39

38. With or without a rounded dark dot before base of cleft huinodnctylns

Witli an oblique mark before cleft at least faintly indicated

some 9 5 of fisliii

39. Yellowish with contrasting dark secondaries to dull gray, the primaries
with a subcostal yellowish line terminating opposite base of cleft. Ex-
panse 17-20 mm some corvus

Sulplnir \cllovv with dark secondaries; expanse 24 mm. or over

379

some sulphureodactylus

Not such insects 40

40. Spot before cleft on primaries more or less conspicuously continued in

an oblique shade toward costa ■'I

Spot usually rounded, sometimes continued into a shade in first lobe,
sometimes doubled, and sometimes included in a transverse dash or
lacking ■ • • • 42

41. Frinpes of primaries uniformly tawny some occidentalis

Fringes more grayish with white hairs included some matbcivianus

42. Fringes conspicuously darker at apices of lobes of primaries 43

Fringes not conspicuously darker; if somewhat darker, with the tran-
sition very gradual 44

43. Dot at base of cleft on primaries "'■''-^

Dot well before cleft some helmnthi

44. Fringes in cleft of primaries dark throughout, in contrast to wing 45

Fringes concolorous at least toward base of cleft, darker than wing
apically in some species 47

45. With whitish scales in fringes of primaries near apices of lobes 46

Without pale scales; fringes uniformly dark f'hocbus

46. Head evenly pale gray some anon

With a light band between antennae triton

47. Expanse over 30 mm. (rarely dwarfed). Wings brownish 48

Expanse less than 30 mm. or wings not conspicuously brownish 49

48. Terminal dots inconspicuous. Discal dot usually lacking and never

more than vaguely indicated. Known only from Cal grandis

Discal and tenninal dots usually conspicuous but often at least partly
lacking. A dark basal dash usually present. Discal dot sometimes
preceded by another nearer to inner margin which may be the more
conspicuous. Known only from Fla. to Tex. and Ariz balanotcs

49. With a dark dot near base of cleft 50

This dot usually absent, in some cases vaguely indicated 55

50. Discal dot before base of cleft or terminal dots of second lobe lacking 51
Discal dot contiguous to base of cleft 54

51. Terminal dots on second lobe well marked vcnapunctus

Terminal dots rarely incompletely indicated, usually completely lacking 52

52. Primaries pale, whitish to luteous, secondaries more grayish. A fine

dark point on inner margin of first lobe before apex lutcoliis

This dot lacking 53

53. Wings tawny, secondaries sometimes tinged with gray.... some occidentalis
Primaries variable, usually with a visibly darker shade from base into
first lobe. Secondaries grayish palcaccus

54. Primaries usually more or less tinged with clear yellow. Usually
without terminal dots but sometimes with one in apex of second lobe

strauiincus

Primaries with no trace of clear yellow. Terminal spots on both lobes
more or less evident, sometimes conspicuous kellicottii

380

55. Outer margin of primaries with dark dots, sometimes continued inward

along veins and sometimes scarcely evident lacteodactylus

Veins sometimes dark on inner half of wing but not conspicuously
darker at outer margin 56

56. Primaries strongly grayish 57

Primaries whitish to yellowish, sometimes with dark shades but not
conspicuously gray 61

57. Costa of primaries narrowly yellowish 58

Costa not yellowish 59

58. Expanse 25 mm. or less. Second lobe of primaries with the veins dark

e.xcept in the darker specimens perditus

Expanse 28 mm. or over. Second lobe with the veins not dark-lined..
costatus

59. Ground color of primaries of mixed gray and whitish scales 60

Ground color otherwise, usually tinged witli yellow some iuconditus

60. Part of veins dark-lined 7'arius

Color even. See notes on varius some falsus

61. Veins of second lobe of primaries at least partly dark-lined on upper

or both surfaces 62

Veins not dark lined 64

62. Expanse 15 mm. Fla. Known only from type 9 unicolor

Expanse 20 mm. or over 63

63. Primaries usually somewhat yellowish with dark shade of a brownish
hue. Dark lining of veins in lobes usually inconspicuous. Tips of

fringes usually about as dark as primaries cafalinac

Primaries usually paler with the shade less conspicuous and the dark
lined veins conspicuous at least in the second lobe. (Some specimens
cannot be separated from catuliiiac by superfical characters) ... .co«rfc//i

64. Primaries yellowish with costal area darker. Secondaries grayish, usu-
ally conspicuously dark. Palpi long, distinctly exceeding greatest diam-
eter of eye sercnus

Not such species. Length of palpi less than or equal to greatest diam-
eter of eye 65

65. Primaries ochreous-whitish with a pale red-brown shade running from
costa at middle of first lobe inward and basad as far as middle of cell
in well marked specimens. Under surface but slightly infuscated to-
ward base subochraceus

Shade extending basad along costa or more grayish, sometimes absent 66

66. Head, thorax and abdomen chalky white. (Most specimens require

degreasing to show their tnie color) some falsus

These parts more or less yellowish or creamy 67

67. Expanse rarely as great as 22 mm. Primaries pale, usually more or less

yellowish some incoitditus

Expanse usually over 24 mm. Primaries cream-colored with a faint
subcostal shade of dull brown auslralis

381

1. OiDAEMATOPHORUS occiDENTALis Walsingliam. PI. XLV, fig. 7,
8. PI. LI, fig. 1.

Oedematophorus occidcntalis VValsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. i7, pi. II, ff. 13, 14,
1880.

Dimmock, Psyche III, 403, 1882.

Hy. Edwards, Bull. 35, U. S. N. M. 137, 1889.
jAlucita cretidactyla Femald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891 (in part).
\Pterophorus cretidactylus Dyar (not Fitch), Psyche VIII, 250, 1898 (biol.).

Fernald, Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 446, 1902 "(in part).

Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. V, 228, 1903.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910 (in part).

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913 (in part).

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917 (in part).
Stcnoptilia californica Grinnell, Can. Ent. XL, 321, 1908.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 30, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Head, thorax and abdomen creamy white to dull tawny-brown ; head with
a pale patch between antennae, otherwise the darkest part ; thorax paler behind,
with whitish lateral stripes; abdomen laterally darker near middle. Antennae
with brown dots above. Palpi rather small, oblique, whitish below at base;
second joint thickened, white tipped. Legs whitish with more or less evident
bands at tips of joints, lacking in very pale specimens. Front tibiae with a
heavy double tuft of brown scales in terminal half, mid-tibiae with heavy median
and terminal tufts of the same color. Inner spur of median pair on hind
tibiae almost twice as long as outer.

Primaries concolorous with thorax, normally with a heavy brown costal
mark over base of cleft, preceded and followed by a few whitish scales. This
patch is connected with a small brown triangular shade before cleft. The wing
is marked with cloudy brown areas and the first lobe is light brown, but these
areas are not conspicuously powdery, due to the lack of contrast between the
brown scales and tawny ground color. Fringes even tawny-gray. Secondaries
brownish, shining, with paler fringes.

The species is extremely variable, tlie primaries being creamy-white in
some specimens with only the oblique shade before the cleft evident, and some-
times without the costal dash. One which we include here has tawny-brown
primaries with no definite mark but otherwise shows the characters of this
species. Normal series .show a wide range of variation of the ordinary markings.
Expanse 26-29 mm.

Distribution: B. C, Ca!., Ariz., Utah, June to Sept.

The type series of occidcntalis was taken in Colusa, Shasta and
Siskiyou Co., Cal., in July and Aug. Four of the "types" are in the
Fernald collection. Grinnell's series of californica, now in the South-
west Museimi, contains specimens from the San Bernardino Mts. and

382

Pasadena. There is no doubt that these are the same as VValsingham's
species and not a Stenoptilia, as described.

We are unable to agree with the commonly accepted placing of
this name as a synonym of cretidactylus. It is difficult to point out
single characters to separate the two, yet they are very distinct in
general appearance. The dark markings of the primaries in occidcn-
talis are not distinctly powdery, these wings are slightly narrower,
their color is much more brown or tawny, and, as noted, the first pair
of spurs on the hind tibiae show a greater difference in length. The
genitalia of the two species are rather similar. Since this species
appears to be confined to the western states, and cretidactylus to the
east, little difficulty should be encountered in separating them.

Basing our judgment on the food plant and locality we have no
doubt that Dyar's larvae described as cretidactylus belonged to this
species. His description is as follows :

"Head rounded, higher than wide, partly retracted ; green, ocelli black.
Body a little thickest in the middle, miiform green with a whitish dorsal line.
Warts round, concolorous, i and ii near each other but separate, a small wart
(iii a) below and beiiind iii ; another (iii b) behind iv+v, vi and vii not large.
Feet noniial, the abdominal ones slender, wider at the claspers.

"Pupa suspended by the cremaster, slender; cases projecting over the
abdomen half way to the tip. Uniformly green, covered with tufts of sparse
radiating hairs, arranged roughly as in the larvae. Length 11 mm., width 2.5
mm. On Aster, Yosemite, Cal. June." In a footnote it is stated that the food
plant was not identified with certainty.

Walsingham notes that one specimen in the t\pe series was reared from
the leaves of "a species of sunflower".

2. OlDAEMATOPHORUS CRETIDACTYLUS Fitcll, PI. XLV, fig. 13. PI.

LI, fig. 2.

Picrophonis cretidactylus Fitch, Trans. N. Y. Apr. Soc. XIV, 849, 1854.

Id., 1st Kept. Ent. N. Y. 145, 1854.

Morris. Cat. Lep. N. A. 54, 1860.

Walker, List Lep. Ins. B. M. XXX, 940, 1864.

Femald, Pter. N. A. 52. pi. VI, ff. 9, 10, 1898.

Id., Bull. .52 U. S. N. M. 446, 1902 (in part).

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910 (in part).

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913 (in part).

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917 (in part).

Britton, Ins. Conn. 103, 1920.
Ocdemalophorus gypsodactylus Walsingham. Pter. Cal. Ore. 35, footnote, 1880.
XAlucita crelidactyla. Femald, Smith's, List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891 (in part).
iPtcroplwrus cretidactylus Grinncll, Can. Ent, XL, 319, 1908.

383

Brownish or creamy-white. Head brown except between antennae. An-
tennae with brown dots above. Palpi rather short, brown on sides. Legs
whitish, front and middle femora brown inside ; fore tibiae with heavy double
brown tuft as in occidentalis, mid tibiae with two tufts. Hind legs entirely
whitish, scarcely touched with brown along tibia, at bases of spurs, on their
tips, and in dark specimens on tarsi, never conspicuously banded. Inner spur
of median pair much less than twice as long as outer. Abdomen brownish at
sides.

Primaries brownish white with a variable sprinkling of dull brown scales
darkening the first lobe, apex of second, inner margin and patches of discal area.
A dark brown costal dash over base of cleft is incompletely connected with a
similar oblicjue, roughly triangular mark before cleft. All dark areas with the
rather rough powdering of dark scales evident. Fringes pale ochreous gray,
sometimes with a slight pale area before apex of first lobe in cleft but without
definite pale pencils. Secondaries gray-brown, shining; fringes cnncolorous.
Expanse 22-2S mm.

Distribution : Described from N. Y. We have a small series from
Essex Co. Park, N. J., June and July (Kearfott).

The type of crctidactyliis is among Fitch's specimens in the Fer-
nald collection. It is a 9 in fair condition, rather faded, and bears
no type label beyond the general label applied to this group of speci-
mens.

As mentioned under occidentalis, it is not easy to point out definite
differences between these two species, though they seem very distinct.
The whiter ground color, more roughly powdered dark areas, and
relative lengths of the median spurs of the hind tibiae distinguish
cretidactyhis, in our judgment. The primaries are relatively broader,
but the difference is too slight for actual measurement. A reference
to the figures will show this distinction. We have seen no western
specimens, and feel that all such records undoubtedly deal with occi-
dentalis.

;\lthough two accounts of early stages have been published under
the name we are still in ignorance of the life history of the true creti-
dactylus.

3. OlDAEMATOPHORlIS M.\THEWfIANUS Zcllcr. PI. XLV. fig. 14. PI.

LI, fig. 3.

Lcioftitns inalhcunanus Zellcr, Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien. XXIV, 445, pi. Xll, f. 13.

1874.
xAhicila mathnviaim Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

384

Pteropliorus mathnviamis Fernald, Pter. N. A. 45, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 445, 1902.

Anderson, Cat. B. C. Lep. 50, 19CW.

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 42, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 23, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Pteropliorus gorgotiicnsis Grinnell, Can. Ent. XL, 318, 1908.

Meyrick, Wa.ener's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Ptcrofhorus hilda Grinnell, Can. Ent. XL, 320, 1908.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Head and body white, frequently light brown, probably due to stain. Head
usually with an evident pale patch between antennae, brownish above and in
front. Antennae with brown dots above. Palpi short, oblique, brown speckled,
usually mostly brown on sides. Legs white ; front tibiae with a large brown
scale tuft, tarsi with slight brown annuli at ends of joints, marked only on one
side; mid tibiae with two heavy brown tufts, tarsi as in fore legs; hind le.gs
white, in dark specimens somewhat brownish before first spurs and with brown
at bases of spurs. Abdomen sometimes with dorsal dots, often immaculate.

Primaries white with variably extensive lawny brown shades, usually
confined to inner half but sometimes encroaching on first lobe. Costa with
scattered dark brown scales forming a long spot over base of cleft and two
dots beyond. Cleft preceded by a white area, and this by a dark brown spot
or dash continued obliquely to costal spot by a light brown shade. There is
sometimes a dark dot near middle of cell and some scattered patches of dark
brown irroration. Inner margin of first lobe with a brown dot before apex,
followed by a white pencil in the fringe. Second lobe with such a dot in
apex preceded by two in outer margin which mark the limits of a while area
in the fringes. This is preceded by a white pencil at some distance. Other-
wise the frinp;es arc liglit brownish gray with some white hairs. Secondaries
brownish gray, fringes similar. Expanse 21-27 mm.

Tlic valves of the i genitalia appear to lack the long tufts of hair
on their outer surface, such as are present in eupatoru.

Dislrilnition : Type localit}' \^ancouver Is.. B. C. to S. Cal. July
and Aug. Colo.? Me.? N. M.?

\A''e sent specitneiis to Mr. Meyrick as gutiatiis Wlsni. and he
returned them with the note that he could see no reliable distinction
hetween them and Zellcr's four types of viatheivianns, in poor condi-
tion, in the British Museum. The apparent confusion of the two
species is discussed in detail under the former. The type series of
hilihi and norgotiiciisis Grinnell, both from S. Cal., contain numerous

385

specimens of fishii Fern., but the types appear to be small pale
examples of mathezvianus. The genitalia of similar specimens cor-
roborate this.

The species is very variable in all features, but its generally pale
appearance, with more or less pure white on the primaries, separates
it from the allied forms. The two specimens from Colo, and Sebec
Lake, Me., which we refer to it are extremely pale. That from Colo,
is white with brown irrorations, and that from Maine somewhat
darker and with a trace of brownish shades in addition to the irrora-
tions. We are unable to place these specimens elsewhere, and in all
essential features they agree with mathewiamts. Both are males, so
we have the additional evidence of genitalia to verify the identifica-
tion. There is one lightly marked and faded specimen in the National
Museum from Beulah, N. ?il., 8000 ft., which we think belongs here.

The life history is unknown.

4. OiDAEMATOPHORU.s EUPATORii FernaUl, PI. XLV, fig. 15. Fl. LL
fig. 4.

Alucita cupatorii Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891 (in part).

Id., Can. Em. XXV, 96, 1893 (in part).
Pterophorus cupatorii id., Pter. N. A. 52, pi. V, II. IS, 16, 1898 (in part).

Dyar, Psyche VIII, 250, 1898 (biol.).

Fernald, Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 446, 1902 (in part).

Meyrick. Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910.

Winn, List Ins. Que. 86, 1912.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17. 25, 1913 (in part).

? Walsingham, biol. Cent. Am., Lep. Hct. IV, 444, 1915 (in part).

Barnes & McDunnoiigh, Check List 151, 1917 (in part).

McDunnough, Can. Ent. LIT, 92, pi. II, f. 4, 1920 (biol.).
Head whitish between antennae, tinged with brown in front and above;
sometimes darker. Thorax whitish with a brown band, including tips of pata-
gia ; sometimes suffused with brownish. Abdomen whitish with brown on sides
and across fifth segment, to ochreous witli scattered brown scales, a few dorsal
dots, and much darker brown areas; vestiture roughened on hind margins of
segments in posterior half. Antennae dotted with brown above. Palpi brown
on sides ; moderate, slender, oblique with third joint porrect. Legs with heavier
tufts on fore and mid tibiae than in the foregoing species. Front and middle
tarsi white without brown scales except a trace in the darkest specimens. Hind
legs whitish or suffused with brown, variably annulate with brown at bases
of spurs and tips of tarsal joints.

Primaries with costal area usually whitish, always paler than inner part.
Inner half of wing with dull brown shades, the veins with paler, often whitish,

386

lines in second lobe, A small blackish oblique spot similar to that in mathcw-
ianus occurs before cleft, continued toward costal spot by a light brown shade.
Costa marked with a faint shade at middle, a long blackish spot above base of
cleft and two beyond, the outer larger and continued into a white patch in
the fringes. Apex of first lobe with a black dash, preceded by another on
inner margin, the two connected in dark specimens. Inner lobe with black
dot at apex and two on outer margin, the outer followed by a white pencil in
the fringes and the inner by a broader white cluster. Fringes otherwise gray-
brown. The white areas have a variable number of blackish basal scales. En-
tire wing more or less heavily irrorate with blackish scales which tend to fonn
longitudinal lines. Secondaries gray-brown with concolorous fringes. Expanse
23-25 mm.

The male genitalia are provided with a heavy tuft of long hairs
on the outside of each valve. Otherwise they are rather .similar to
those of the preceding species.

Distribution: Que. to Man. and W. la., south to N. J. and III.
June and July.

Fcrnald's types arc four specimens from New York, one S , two
9 and a broken specimen.

We have seen no western specimens which we regarded as true
eiipatorii, and so feel that Walsingham's records in the Biologia,
Zeller's western "crcttdactylus" and later references pertaining to the
latter probably concern other species. Its possible relation to the
allied western species as treated in the literature is discussed under
guttatns.

The species may be recognized most readily by the tarsi, but
average specimens are conspicuous in that the costal and inner areas
of the primaries are in such sharp contrast. Very dark specimens,
of which we have several from Maine and Quebec, are much like
guttatns in appearance.

The larvae feed on Rufator'uim, and are gregarious. They occiu"
in considerable numbers on the terminal shoots of the plants, which
they render conspicuous by their mutilations of the leaves and moder-
ately extensive spinning. We have selected Dr. McDunnougli's ac-
count in the Canadian Entomologist to quote. Preserved specimens in
our possession agree very well with his description of both larva and
pupa.

"Larva (full grown). — Head pale reddish ochre. Body pale green, be-
coming dorsally broadly suffused with purple-red when fully developed ; a nar-
row ochreous dorsal stripe slightly broken centrally on each segment by a

__387

triangular green dot; traces of a broad pale subdorsal band crossiiiR tubercles
I and II; a narrow lateral line midway between tubercles I and III, bent down-
ward posteriorly ; a broken spiracular line. Tlie principal setae from tubercles
I-III arc blackish, very slightly spiculate, long and subequal. On the abdom-
inal segments tubercles I and II are in line, bearing two shorter anterior hairs,
the latter with two similar posterior ones and two very minute ones situated
one posteriorly and one anteriorly. Tubercle III bears two long black setae
and one or two short white hairs. Behind the spiracle on the posterior margin
of the segment is a minute white hair. Tubercle IV + V bears five long
central white hairs and about the same number of shorter ones arranged as
a rosette around the central hairs; two short white hairs directed backward
are found posterior to this tubercle; VI is very similar in arrangement of
setae to IV + V and VII is as usual represented by several hairs at base of
prolegs. On the prothorax a fringe of white hairs overhangs the head; be-
hind this is a row of five black hairs and behind this row again are six black
hairs arising from three tubercles, the middle one of which is centrodorsal. On
the meso- and metathoracic segments tubercle I + II bears five long black
hairs, and two or three short anterior white ones; posterior to this group are
two short white hairs arising from a small tubercle; tubercle III has two long
black hairs and several shorter white ones. Length 13 mm.

"Dr. Dyar's statement (Psyche, VIII, p. 250) that cupalorii larvae feed
on the underside of the leaf, concealed, whereas eU'wtti larvae feed exposed on
the upper side, was not verified, by my observations ; both species may be taken
on either the upper or underside of the leaf, a favourite place being among the
terminal half-opened leaf-buds.

"Pupa (Fig. 4).^Apple green with purple-red suffusion each side of a
pale centro-dorsal stripe; the lateral portions below the subdorsal ridge prom-
inently purple-red with two oblique pale lateral lines and a similar spiracular
one. Subdorsal and subspiracular flanges well-developed. Wing sheaths with
lateral fringe of hair and further rows of short hair along the antenna! and
leg sheaths as in elliotti. Tubercles I and II on abdominal segments each with
five or six finely spiculate white hairs, arranged more or less longitudinally,
the central hair being longest. Dorsad to tubercle II is a single minute hair;
on the first three abdominal segments dorsally is a small tuft of short hair
anterior to tubercle 1. Tubercle III, situated on anterior portion of the lower
lateral stripe, bears only a single short white seta; posterior to it are two
short hairs near rear portion of segment and arranged in line parallel to the
segmental incision. Tubercle IV + V, situated on the lateral flanges, is prom-
inent, with about twelve long white spiculate hairs, and immediately anterior
to it and close to the spiracle are two minute hairs arising from a small
tubercle. Tubercles IV and VII are each represented by a iouple of short
hairs. The thoracic segments show the usual modifications in respect to the
number of tubercular setae."

388

5. OiDAEMATOPHORUs GUTTATUS Walsinghani. PI. XLV, fig. 16. PI.
LI, fig. 5.

■fOcdewatopliorus cretidactylus Zeller (not Fitch), Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien, XXIV,
444, 1874.

Walsinghani, Pter. Cal. Ore. 35, 1880.
Ocdcmatophorus guttattis Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 36, pi. II, f. 12, 1880.
XAlucita guttata Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.
Ptcrophorus guitatus Fernald, Pter. N. A. 53, pi. IX, ff. 12, 13, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 446, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
The description of matheiaianus applies equally well to yuttatus as re-
gards pattern. The dark markings in guttatus, however, are all of a deeper
shade and therefore in much greater contrast with the white areas, and are
rather conspicuously sprinkled with blackish scales on the primaries. This
iroration tends to form longitudinal streaks. The legs differ from the two
preceding species in that the tarsi are provided with well marked, though often
broken, brown annuli. The abdomen is much like that of cupatorii but has
the transverse brown shade less conspicuous and the dorsal dots more numer-
ous, in the form of a row of median tufts of brown scales, the largest on the
fourth segment and the others decreasing in size away from it. Expanse
23-25 mm.

The male genitalia differ from those of cupatorii in the absence
of tufts from the outside of the valves and from those of mathciinanus
in the form of the left harpe, which appears to be constantly different.

Distribution : Type locality Pit River, Cal. We have the species
from the San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mts., Cal., June and July,
and Colo, and Utah, July. A specimen in the Cambridge Museum
from Phoenix, Ariz., appears to belong here.

In general appearance the species might be confused with dark
specimens of either 7natlu-zi.<ianiis or cupatorii, but such cases should
be relatively few. The tarsi and abdomen are excellent distinguishing
features, and the nine slides which we have inade of the genitalia
of the three species indicate differences which may rasonably be re-
garded as constant.

The confusion in the literature regarding cretidactylus and cupa-
torii, and our own confusion of guttatus and mathcwianus has led to
a very careful study of these species with the results as presented here.
In the first place it is generally agreed that Zcller's cretidactylus was
not that of Fitch, and since it came from \'ancouver Is. it is a safe

389

premise that it was one of the allied western species. Our researches
have led us to believe that cupatorii is not western, hence we have only
two species, mathcivianus and gnttains which can be crctidactylus Zell.
For the same reason true guttatus can hardly be cupatorii, as placed in
the Walsingham collection. Zeller identified his conception of Fitch's
species from Walsinghani's material, and we should be inclined to
believe that he was capable of separating it properly from his own
mathczi'ianus. At the same time it seems unlikely that Walsingham
would have faileil to recognize it as conspecific with his guttatus if
such were the case. Apparently then there is a third species from the
west which we do not know, or one of the two men was confused by
the variation of the species, which seems the more likely. As to the
actual identify of guttatus, we first regarded mathczi'ianus as this spe-
cies. Meyrick corrected us in this, and noted that the types of Guttatus
in the Walsingham collection were placed in the series of cupatorii.
Later we were able to examine three paratypes of guttatus in the Fer-
nald collection, and at first thought them to be a true mathczvianus. A
more careful examination convinces us that they are pale and rather
faded specimens of what we now call guttatus, so it seems likely that
Walsingham had a variable series of this species under two names,
crctidactylus and guttatus, and we place the references accordingly.
On the other hand, Walsingham"s mention of crctidactylus Zell. as a
pale form of grisescens suggests mathezvianus rather than guttatus.
Unfortunately the abdomens of the paratypes in coll. Fernald arc
lacking, so we are unal)le to eramine either the genitalic structure
or the abdominal markings. Fernald's figures of the genitalia do not
show the distinctive structure, viz., the left harpe.
The early stages are unknown.

6. OlDAEMATOPHORUS ALA.SKENSIS n. sp. PI. XLV, fig. 17. PI. LI,

fig. 6.

Alaslccn.ns is almost identical in pattern with guttatus, but is extremely
dark. The description of matliewianus will therefore apply to the body and
wings, but the parts mentioned as whitish are brownish, and the white is lim-
ited to a thin superficial scaling over the paler areas. The fringes have only
a pale pencil on each lobe before apex in place of the extensive white areas.
The abdomen has dorsal tufts as in guttatus, but less prominent, and on the
first segment has two heavy black dashes following the white terminal area of
the thorax. The tarsi are heavily annulate with brown and the hind tibiae
are brown with two pale annuli. Expanse 26-28 mm.

390

The male genitalia have well developed tufts on the outer surface of the
valves, and other features as well indicate closer relationship to eupatorii than
to gutlatus.

Holotype S , Ramparts, Alaska, July 17, 1916, U. S. N. M. No. 23472.

Paratypc $ Ruby, Alaska, July 22, 1916, coll. Barnes.

This species cannot, for various reasons, be involved in the con-
fusion attending those preceding it.

7. OiDAEMATOPiiORUs GRiSESCENs Walsingham. PI. XLVII, fig. 13.
PI. LIV, fig. 4.

Oedematophorus griscsceus Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 34, pi. 11, f. 11, 1880.

Dimmock, Psyche III, 403, 1882.

Hy. Edwards, Bull. 35 U. S. N. M. 136, 1889.
Alucita grisescens Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.
Ptcrophorus grisescens Femald, Pter. N. A. 55, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 447, 1902.

Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. V, 228, 1903.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913.

Walsingham, Biol. Cent.-Am., Lep. Het. IV, 446, 1915.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Pterophorus acrias Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 500, 1908.

Id., Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Ptcrophorus behrii Grinnell, Can. Ent. XL, 319, 1908.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Head clothed with gray-tipped white scales, white between antennae. An-
tennae with brown bars above. Palpi short, oblique, each joint white-tipped.
Thorax similar to head, dark tips of scales forming a band across thorax and
tips of patagia. Abdomen mostly white above and below, varying to light gray;
in brighter specimens with parallel black dashes above. Hind margins of seg-
ments with brown tipped scale tufts, forming the points of V-shaped brown
marks on fourth and fifth segments; sides brownish. Legs white, fore and
mid tibiae with conspicuous blackish tufts; tarsi variably annulate with dark
brown.

Primaries narrow, heavily sprinkled with white and with some scattered
blackish scales. Ground color of inner half brown, of costal half apparently
gray brown, the scales tipped with white, but this area of the wing is grayish
white because of the predominating white scales in most specimens. Costa
with a gray-brown dash over base of cleft and two spots beyond. Cell pre-
ceded by a white patch and this by a small blackish spot curving forward to-
ward costal dash in slender line. Remainder of wing with variable vague
streaking and spotting of gray and white. First lobe with a black dot before

391

apex followed by a white pencil in the fringes ; second with two vague outer
marginal dots. Fringes brownish gray with a very variable mixture of white
hairs, usually most numerous on second lobe. Expanse 23-30 mm.

Distribution: B. C. (June) through Colo, and Cal., (June to
Sept.) to Ariz. (May to Sept.) and southward. Type localities: grisc-
sccns, Rogue R.. S. Ore., acrias, Colo. ; bchri'i. San Bernadino Mts.,
Cal.

From Meyrick's comparisons and our own examination of the
types of behrii we are satisfied that the above synonymy is correct.
We know no species which can be confused with this. Two of Wal-
singham's types are in the Fernald collection.

Aside from Walsingham's note that the eight specimens of the
type series were reared from Artemisia sp. in May, we know nothing
of the early stages.

8. OlDAEMATOPKPRUS CINERACEUS Fish. PI. XLV, fig. 9, 10.

Oedematophorus cineraceus Fish, Can. Ent. XIII, 73, 1881.

Oedematophorus lugubris Fish, op. cit. 140, 1881.

XAhicita cineracea Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

Alttcita lugubris Fernald, loc. cit.

Pterophorus cineraceus Fernald, Pter. N. A. 54, pi. V, ff. 5, 6, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. N. 446, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 23, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Pterophorus lugubris Fernald, Pter. N. A. 55, pi. IV, ff. 12, 13, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 447, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 23, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Brownish white to grayish, often darker toward the costa ; head tinged
with brown above and in front, thorax usually darker across lips of patagia
and abdomen sometimes darker except a dorsal band containing central dark
dots and slender black dashes in terminal half; scales raised at posterior mar-
gins of segments. Fore and mid tibiae tufted. Tarsi with dark annuli, very
variable in extent and shade and sometimes lacking. Antennae with or without
dark dots above. Palpi short, oblique.

Primaries rather slender, lutenous to brownish white. Veins in lobes
and radial stein frequently pale. There is a variable irroration of blackish
scales which tends to collect between the veins and in tlie basal half of the wing;
these scales are often very few and widely scattered. Wing at base of cleft
whitish, prceded by a black or brown dash which curved outward toward costal
blackish dash above base of cleft. Darker specimens may also have two dots

392

on costa of first lobe and some whitish over-scaling before the discal dash.
Inner margin of first lobe with a faint dot before apex and outer margin of
second sometimes with two. That on the first lobe marks the location of a
faint whitish pencil in the fringes. Fringes otherwise brownish gray with a
few white hairs in some examples. Secondaries gray-brown with concolorous
fringes. Expanse 27-29 mm.

The S genitalia are siiiialr to those of mathewianus (see pi. LI.
fig. 3) but are slightly more slender in all parts.

Distribution : Vancouver Is. to Colo, and Utah, June to Sept.
Manitoba and Pa., Aug. Cal., June.

The Fernald collection contains two types of cineraceus, without
abdomens, from Washington and three of luguhris, one 9 and two
without abdomens, from California. These series would hardly be
taken for the same species even by a careful observer, and it requires
the transition shown in our series of nineteen specimens froin various
localities to convince us that the synonymy is correct. Typical lug\t-
bris is the darker form, w-ith heavier markings, whitish scaling through
the cell, and very evident blackish irroration. Typical cineraceus, on
the other hand, has a light brownish ground color, rather even, with
only a dot in the cell and the oblique patch before the cleft conspicuous ;
the black irroration is almost lacking. There is also a 5 in the Cam-
l)ridge Museum which may be regarded as a paratype. It is labelled
type.

One specimen in our series from Aweme, Man. (Criddle), bears
Kcarfctt's label "Pteroplwrns baroni Fish" and another from Rounth-
waite "compares most closely with baroni Fish". The former seems
to us to be an immaculate specimen of cineraceus, though the absence
of discal marks does, indeed, result in an appearance remarkably like
baroni. The primaries are slightly broader, however, and we think
it best to place the specimen in this way for the present. The second
specimen strengthens this opinion, in that it is intermediate between
the first and typical cineraceus, though with the markings only slightly
reduced. Our two Calif ornian specimens are also very lightly marked.

The life history is unknown.

9. OiDAEMATOPHORUS RiLEYi Fernald, PI. XL\^ fig. 11. PI. LI. fig. 7.

Ptcrophorus rileyi Fernald, Pter. N. A. 50, 1898.
ld„ Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 446, 1902.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913.
Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.

393

Ground color brownish white to pale brown, head slightly darker except
between antennae. Antennae with brown dots above. Palpi moderate, slender,
oblique. Abdomen with black dots above in hind margins of some segments;
scales in posterior half roughened on these margins. Legs similar, evenly
colored with a touch of black beneath hind tibiae at bases of spurs and brown
scale tufts on fore and mid tibiae.

Primaries same shade as body with a brown costal dash over base of cleft
and an oblique dash before cleft, continued by a faint shade toward costal spot.
First lobe with a black point on inner margin before apex. A few scattered
black scales are present, forming a slight streak before discal dot and rather
dense along basal half of costa, but elsewhere very scarce. Fringes slightly
darker and more grayish than wing, with scarcely a trace of pale hairs, even
at black point on first lobe. Secondaries gray-brown with concolorous fringes.
Expanse about 32 mm.

Distribution : Cal., Sept. Described from Placer Co.

The form of this species is much like that of ciiieracciis and baroni,
and for a time we were inclined to doubt its distinctness from the
former. We now believe, however, that its large size and even color
are a sufficient basis for the retention of the species. Unfortunately
we have seen only one specimen in addition to the type series, and
the genitalia afford no definite assistance. Our material in these three
related species is too meager to allow us to work out the possible
variations of genitalia, and such as appear in our few slides must
therefore be discounted, perhaps unduly.

Fernald says in his original description that the species was
"described from seven examples taken in September, in Placer County,
California, and presented to the National Museum by the late Dr. C. V.
Riley". We found five of these specimens in the National Museum
material, labelled by Fernald but not as types. In the Fernald collec-
tion there are two specimens labelled type. We are designating one
lectotype $ . The other may be regarded as the allotype, and we see
no reason at all why the remaining five should not be paratypes. We
have accordingly written labels for them under the U. S. N. M. type
No. 23496. One of these five, a 9 , is now in the Barnes collection
through the kindness of the Museum authorities.

None of the specimens examined were reared.

10. OlDAEMATOI'HORUS BARONI Fish. PI. XLV, fig. 12.
Oedematophorus baroni Fish, Can. Ent. XIII, 7i, 1881.
Alucita baroni Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.

394

Plcroflwrus baroni Fernald, Pter. N. A. 54, 1898.
Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 446, 1902.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 23, 1913.
Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.

Grayish to slightly tawny, head brownish except between antennae. Other-
wise as in preceding species, with abdominal spots less conspicuous and upper
surface of abdomen very vaguely streaked with black scales in some speci-
mens. Tufts on tibiae with a generous mixture of white scales. Front and
middle tarsi sometimes faintly annulate.

Primaries buff to ochreous along inner margin, blending into the whitish
mauve to purplish brown costal region. There are a very few black scales and
the base of the costa is darkened. Cleft preceded by a very faint trace of a
dark spot. Veins in first lobe pale in the darker specimens. Inner margin of
first lobe with a fine black point before apex. Apex of both lobes with one and
outer margin of second witli two very faint black points in some specimens.
Fringes grayish ochreous with some white hairs but without white pencils in
the specimens we have examined except a trace at dot before apex of first
lobe. Secondaries gray brown with concolorous fringes. Expanse about 32
mm.

Distribution : Cal. We have it from Alameda Co. and Warner's,
June and July.

The immaculate primaries with their pronounced purplish or
mauve tint render this a very striking species. We have seen only
four specimens, all females, including the two types, but have no
doubt that it is a good species. In general form it is identical, so far
as we have observed, with rileyi. The two types are in the Fernald
collection.

We have no information regarding the early stages.

11. OlDAEMATOPHORUS CASTOR n. sp. PI. XLVII, fig. 10. PI. I.I.

fig. 8.

Whitish, faintly tinged with light brown. Head darker except a broad
patch between antennae. Antennae banded with brownish black above. Palpi
moderate, oblique, blackish touched with wliite above. Abdomen with a broad
brown dorsal stripe including black bars on hind margins of several segments
in holotype and allotype. Legs white. Fore tibiae with one and middle with
two moderately heavy tufts of blackish scales, including a few white. Mid tarsi
touched with brown on one side at tips of joints.

Primaries whitish, delicately shaded with pale brown along the veins in
the lobes and in a few vague areas on disk and inner margin. Costa with a
brown dash above base of cleft, sometimes followed by a fine brown dot. This
dasli is preceded by a broad shade sprinkled with black scales, heaviest toward
base. Cleft preceded at a short distance by the usual oblique black patch which

395

curves outward toward costal patch and is preceded by some black scales.
Other black scales form a broken basal dash below cell and line the margins
of both lobes near base of cleft, the inner rather slightly, the costal usually
heavily. Fringes whitish on costa, with a light brown patch at apex preceded
by a similar but smaller patch; on inner margin ochreous-gray, in cleft dark
brownish gray in marked contrast with wing. Secondaries and their fringes
gray-brown, very evidently darker than primaries. Expanse 29-30 mm.

Described from three specimens. Holotype 3 , Redington, Ariz., in coll.
Barnes. Allotype and paratype $, Bear Wallow Trail, Santa Catalina Mts.,
Ariz., July, in Am. Mus.

The type is in rather good condition but lacks hind legs, while
the allotype and paratype are in poor condition, but supply this defi-
ciency. The species is very similar in appearance to poUux, but is
at once distinguished by its tufted tibiae and the dark fringes in the
cleft of the primaries. None of the types bear biological data.

12. OlD.'\EMAT0PH0RUS POLLUX n. sp. PI. XLVII, fig. 11. PI. LII,

fig. 1.

Head, thorax and abdomen whitish, tinged with gray-brown, sometimes
distinctly yellowish. Abdomen with two subdorsal parallel white stripes, some-
times inconspicuous. Antennae and palpi white, the latter moderate, oblique.
Legs white. First two pairs with tibiae and femora, and to a certain extent
tips of tarsal joints, infuscated. No tibial tufts.

Primaries white to pale yellowish white, costa from base to apex tinged
with gray-brown and with a blackish dash above base of cleft, followed by one
or two dots in a few specimens. Extreme apex of first lobe blackish, sometimes
continued through fringes in a dark pencil. Apex of second lobe with a black-
ish streak along vein Mg, continued through fringes. At a short distance before
cleft is a small subtriangular brownish black spot, concave outwardly as it
curves toward costal spot. There is sometimes a dot at middle of cell. The
wing is sparsely sprinkled with dark scales which tend to collect along the
veins and inner margin, and to obscure the base of the costa. Fringes con-
colorous except as mentioned. Secondaries and fringes gray brown, as a rule
conspicuously darker than primaries. Expanse 27-33 mm.

Described from 25 specimens.

Holotype $ and allotype from Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz., Sept. and
Aug., in coll. Barnes.

Twenty-three paratypes, three $ and twenty 9 , from Mohave Co., Para-
dise, Palmtrlee and Prescott and the Baboquiviiri and Chiricahua Mts., Ariz.,
Apr., July to Oct. distributed as follows: 1 c5 and 19 U. S. N. M. type No.
23466, 1 9 coll. Fernald, 1 9 coll. Meyrick, 1 9 Cambridge Museum ; remainder
in coll. Barnes.

This beautiful species is placed here with some misgivings, since
the smooth tibiae would seem to indicate a lower position in the genus.

396

In general characters, however, it seems closely related to castor and
mizar, and with them to stand most satisfactorily in this place. It is
very different from any other species known to us, though it resembles
castor superficially as we have already noted.
We know nothing of the early stages.

13. OlDAEMATOPHORUS MIZAR n. Sp. PI. XLVII, fig. 12. PI. LII,

fig. 2.

Brownish gray, front of thorax and head largely white. Thorax tipped
behind with a V-shaped white mark. First two segments of abdomen with
some black on posterior margin, followed by white on following segment;
remainder with white posterior margins ; a lateral white line is present. Palpi
moderate, oblique, white, touched with gray-brown below at tip of second
segment. .Antennae white with dark dots above. Legs white; fore tibiae with
brownish black stripes inside and a moderate tuft of mixed dark and light scales;
mid tibiae with two such tufts; fore and mid tarsi with slight dark annuli at
tips of joints; hind legs with dark bands at bases of spurs, a broad terminal
annulus on first tarsal joint and slight annuli on remaining four.

Primaries brownish gray with white streaks, the restricted areas of ground
color usually sprinkled with 1 lackish scales. The white vestiture clothes the
wing at base of cleft, where it is inwardly limited by the usual subtriangular
spot which is here broadly connected with the costa, and spreads out over the
first lobe. This spot also sends a variably broad streak toward outer margin
of second lobe. On each side of the base of the cleft is a fine black streak,
fading outwardly into the grayer lobes, and in the first lobe a second heavier
streak in basal half, two dots on costa, one cit apex, and one before it on inner
margin. In the second lobe there may be a black apical dot, a subapical dot or
streak on outer margin and a few other black scales. In the disk there is a
subcostal white line, rather vague, a dash in the cell, preceded by a spot rather
darker than the ground color, a large white spot between cell and inner margin
about one-third from base of wing, and an almost longitudinal white line, pre-
sumably on the base of Cu... In addition the dark areas, particularly toward
the base, are more or less irrorate with white. Fringes variable, but always
brownish gray cut with white, with darker bases. Secondaries and their fringes
brownish gray. Expanse 24-29 mm.

Described from fifteen specimens from Arizona and N. M. Holotype
$, Chiricahua Mts., Cochise Co., Sept. 1-7 and allot\-pe, Palmerlee, in coll.
Barnes. Thirteen paratypes, 3 $ and 10 9 , from Redington, Palmerlee, Here-
ford, White and Chiricahua Mts. and Mohave Co., and a single 9 from Jemez
Springs, N. M., distributed as follows : <? and 9 , U. S. N. M. No. 23467, 1 9
coll. Femald, 1 9 coll. Meyrick, 1 9 Cambridge Museum; remainder in coll.
Barnes. We have also a specimen from Mohave Co. taken in October.

This and the following species are superficially rather similar, but
uticar is larafer and the thorax differs as noted in the key. Tlie four

397

distal joints of the hind tarsi appear to be relatively more widely an-
nulate in meyricki, but in lightly marked specimens this is likely to be
confusing. The lateral marks of the abdomen also differ in the two
species, but we have had such difficulty in finding specimens with rec-
ognizable abdominal vestiture, even in our long series, that we have
thought it inadvisable to use the character in the key. The difference
in palpi appears to be constant. The distribution as represented by
our series is dififerent, but mizar occurs in Mohave Co., Ariz., and
meyricki in S. Cal., and it is reasonable to expect them to overlap in
these regions. The male genitalia are very different.
We know nothing of the life history.

14. OlDAEMATOPHORUS MEYRICKI n. Sp. PI. XLVI, fig. 10. PI. LIV,

fig. 1-

The description of the wings of mizar will apply also to this species; the
markings differ slightly in form, but otherwise are the same. The head differs
in having a contrasting white patch between the antennae. The palpi are brown
touched with white below. Thorax with the anterior half white, sharply lim-
ited, and with some white behind. Posterior margins of abdominal segments
whitish above. The abdomen is marked laterally with alternating oblique stripes
of dark gray-brown and white and has a lateral white line in the posterior half.
Legs as in misar, the tibial tufts very slight and rather darker than in that
species. Tarsi usually more broadly annulate with gray-brown and with a less
conspicuous difference between the first and outer joints on the posterior pair.

Described from thirty specimens taken at San Diego, Cal., in April, May
and June. Holotype S and allotype in coll. Barnes. All of the paratypes, whose
total is 3 9 and 22 5, are also in coll. Barnes w^ith the exception of the fol-
lowing: $ and 5, U. S. N. M. No. 23468, $ coll. Fernald, S and 9 coll.
Meyrick, 1 $ of Cambridge Museum.

Since we have described meyricki by pointing out the differences
between it and micar, no further discussion of this matter is necessary.
\Vc take this opportunity, however, to mention the apparent difference
in seasonal occurrence of the two.

15. OlDAEMATOPHORUS GRATIOSUS Fish, PI. XLVI, fig. 11.
Ocdetnatophorus gratiosus Fish, Can. Ent. XITI, 73, 1881.
tAliicita gratiosa Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.
Pterothorus gratiosus Fernald, Pter. N. A. 54, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 447, 1902.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 23, 1913.
Barnes & McDunnoiigh, Check List 151, 1917.
Fish described the body and minor appendages thus:

398

"Head and palpi rather dark brown, scarcely lighter between antennae.
Antennae pale brownish, dotted above with white and dark brown scales.
Thorax brown gray, anterior portion lighter. Abdomen fawn brown ; scales
somewhat raised at extremity of segments. Legs grayish brown, spurs concol-
orous, not tipped with darker color, tarsi pale cinereous, slightly browned at
extremities of joints. Middle band of middle tibiae inconspicuous, consisting
of a few raised scales on one side."

Primaries brownish white, more brownish toward costa and paler just
before cleft. The dark patch before the cleft is powdery, of blackish brown
scales, and is prolonged about half way toward base of wing and connected
with a rather vague costal spot over base of cleft. The remainder of the wing
is streaked with scattered brown scales, forming one dash in the first lobe and
two in the second. All powdery dark areas bear a few white scales. Fringes
tawny-gray, slightly darker at apices and in cleft, the dark apical tufts preceded
by paler, but not whitish, patches. Secondaries brownish gray with slightly paler
fringes. Expanse about 22 mm.

We would call attention to the fact that the front tarsi are notice-
ably pale, and that they are only very slightly darker on one side at the
tips of the joints. This character is useful to separate the species from
mcyricki. Judging by our three poor specimens, the middle tuft of the
middle tibiae is probably well developed in fresh specimens. The
thorax has dorso-Iateral white stripes behind, connected dorsally at
their middles.

Distribution: California. We have it from Carmel, June (Va-
chell).

The type in coll. Fernald has no head and only one pair of wings,
but is supplied with one leg of each pair and the abdomen is in good
condition, which cannot be said of our specimens. Of our three, none
are good, but one is sufificiently good to enable us to form a reliable
idea of the species and a second compares very closely with the type
as it is at present. We are unable to observe any differences between
the genitalia of this species and nieyricki, (see pi. LIV, fig. 1) and so
for a time thought that our series of meyricki was merely gratiosus in
good condition. The afifinities of the species with fieldi are also worthy
of consideration, but these species are genitalically distinct and easily
distinguished by superficial characters. To facilitate the separation
of the three we have constructed the following key, supplementary to
the main key to the genus. Fresh specimens should give no trouble.
1. Fore tarsi while, distinctly annulate. Primaries brownish gray with

\\ bite streaks meyricki

Fore tarsi while or whitish, indistinctly or incompletely annulate, or
without dark bands 2

399

2. Dark areas of primaries bright red-brown fieldi

Dark areas of brownisli black scales, more or less powdery, with a few
white scales gratiosus

We have seen only four specimens of gratiosus, and none of these
was reared.

16. OlDAEMATOPHORUS FIELDI Wright, PI. XLVI, fig. 12.
Pterophorus fieldi Wright, Ent. News, XXXII 6, 1921.

The original description is as follows :

"Expanse 21 to 26 mm.

"Palpi, front and vertex mottled light brown and white ; antennae whitish
with very fine brown annulations. ,

"Anterior part of thorax buff, this color spreading out into the base of
costa of primaries, somewhat darker and narrower in females than males.
Thorax dorsally brown, becoming lighter basally. Abdomen light brownish
butr on anterior part with a red-brown squarish spot close to base, becoming
quite dark, almost seal brown, mottled with ligher on the anal segments.

"Fore-wings : Ground color white, the costal edge, discal area from base
to cleft, and inner margin broadly brown-streaked, the spaces between being
more or less suffused with light brown scales. A dark brown costal streak just
above the base of the cleft, connected broadly with the outer end of the discal
streak, preceded and followed by white; another brown costa! streak at the
base of the first lobe occupying about one-half the space then narrowly white
to apex. Extreme tip dark, two short dark longitudinal streaks, rather faint,
near the base of the lobe. A white spot resting on the base of the cleft con-
nected obliquely by a fine white line to the outer costal white spot. Second
lobe brown at tip, a faint brown line down the center, a small rectangular
white spot on vein lb at about one-third from the base. Fringe smoky, a whitish
spot at anal angle, darker within the cleft, a very dark spot a little inward from
tip of first lobe.

"Hind wings dull smoky brown with a faint reddish tinge and darker
fringes.

"Legs white more or less mottled with light brown, a small brush of
appressed brown scales at end of fore tibia. The middle tibia shows the same
development and in addition has a small cluster of long scales at the center.
Hind tibia as the middle, but a little more prominent. Spurs light at base,
smoky at tip.

"In many specimens the scale clusters on tibiae become more or less obso-
lete, being represented by a slight swelling of the member at middle and end "

The type series was taken at San Diego, Cal., in May and June.
We liave one specimen from San Diego, Apr. 24-30. one pale speci-
men from \\'e!lington, B. C, June, anrl three from Mohave Co., Ariz.,
Sept.

400

The markings are very variable, but their varibiHty is relatively
unimportant. The hind tibiae are scarcely tufted, as the description
suggests, but are conspicuously banded with brown. The important
features of the species are the bright brown markings, the sharply
limited buff-white anterior area of the thorax, and the light colored
front tibiae.

In addition to the type series mentioned by Mr. Wright in his
own collection and that of Mr. Field, there are two male and one female
paratypes in coll. Barnes.

17. OiDAEMATOPHORUs ciTRiTES Meyrick. PI. XLVI, fig. 9.
Ptcrofhorus citriUs Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1907, 502, 1908.
Id., Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 26, 1913.
Barnes & McDunnoiigh, Check List 151, 1917.

Meyrick's description is as follows :

"$ 9. 24-27 mm. Head ochreous-whitish, face and back of crown more
ochreous-tinged. Palpi and antennae whitish-ochreous. Thora.x whitish-ochre-
ous, patagia sometimes more whitish, .\bdonien whitish-ochreous, sides more
ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior and middle femora and tibiae ochre-
ous. Fore-wings cleft from 2/3, first segment moderate, long-pointed, second
much broader, shorter-pointed; ochreous, partially tinged with whitish; an unde-
fined patch of light brownish suffusion with a few dark fuscous scales towards
dorsum about 1/4; a small spot of similar suffusion in disc at 1/3; an oblique
dark fuscous mark a little before base of cleft, preceded by some yellow-brownish
suffusion which is extended upwards as an indistinct oblique streak to costa
above base of cleft, posteriorly edged with white suffusion; a short longitudinal
streak of yellowish-brown suffusion sprinkled with dark fuscous in apex of
second segment, and another less distinct and sometimes obsolete beneath apex
of wing ; cilia whitish, beneath apex with a pale ochreous patch, within cleft
tinged with ochreous and on upper margin of second segment with fuscous, on
dorsum tinged with whitish-ochreous. Hind-wings cleft firstly from before
middle, secondly from 1/4, segments rather narrow, second long pointed; grey,
sometimes much suffused with whitish ochreous; cilia wliitish- ochreous-gray
or whitish-ochreous.

"Colorado, U. S., 5000-7000 feet, three specimens."

Through the generosity of Mr. Meyrick a paratype 9 is now in
the Barnes collection. In addition we have a single specimen, much
more heavily marked, from Boulder, Colo. There are examples in
the National Museum from Colo, and New Mexico, Aug., and a single
specimen expanding 30 mm. from Ariz, which may belong here. It is
rather badly broken, so we can be certain of the tuarkings of the pri-
maries onlv, and these are as in citntcs.

401

The species is similar to pale specimens of fiddi but the evenly
colored thorax separates it at once from that species. Paler examples,
as the paratype in our possession, are easily confused with occidi'iitalis,
but differ in having only slight terminal tufts, no median, on fore and
mid tibiae.

We have had no opportunity to examine the male genitalia, and
can give no data on the life history.

18. OiD.\EMATOPiioRUS BRUCEi Fernald. PI. XLVI, fig. 8. PI. LI I,

fig. 14.
Ptei-oflwrus brucci Fernald, Pter. N. A. 42, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 445, 1902.

? Forbes, Psyche XVI, 136, 1909.

Anderson, Cat. B. C. Lep. 50, 1904.

Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M. XXVII, 924, 1904.

B. C. Ent. Sec. Check List 42, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913. ^

Barnes & McDnnnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Ptcrophorus chionastcs Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Sec. Lend. 1907, 501, 1908.

Id., Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913.

Barnes & McDnnnough, Check List 151, 1917.
White, palpi moderate, oblique, rather slender. Legs touched with fuscous
inside and at bases of spurs. Only a trace of scale tufts on fore and mid tibiae.
Primaries pure white with some scattered gray-brown scales. Costa with
a dash over base of cleft and a lighter one at middle of first lobe which does
not enter the fringes. Cleft preceded by a small elongate-triangular spot, some-
times connected with costal dash. There is a powdery spot in middle of cell
and three more or less vagiie powdery dashes in inner half of wing, the last
extending into second lobe from below triangular spot. Inner margin of first
lobe with a dot before ape.x. Outer margin of second lobe with some dark
scales. Fringes whitish, brownish gray in cleft except a white cluster before
apex of first lobe. The dark areas are sometimes greatly extended, and the
white parts touched with gray-brown, but all marks remain more or less powdery,
cloudy and indefinite except the triangular spot and accompanying costal dash.
Secondaries pale brownish gray, sometimes almost whitish, with slightly darker
fringes. Expanse 22-27 mm.

Distribution: Alaska to Ariz., Colo., Manitoba. June to Aug.
Mass. (Forbes). Pa. (Cambridge Mus.) Vancouver Is. (Dyar).

The three types of brucei are in the Fernald collection. One is
a male, and the others have broken abdomens. They were taken in
Colo, by Bruce. Chionastcs was also described from Colorado speci-

402

mens, the four types being in Meyrick's collection. We have one speci-
men from Boulder, Colo., which Meyrick identified as his species, and
our personal comparison shows it to be almost exactly the same as
Fernald's types. Our one Alaskan specimen is the darkest which we
have seen, but retains the pure white and nebulous dark marks of
typical brucei.

The life history is unknown.

19. OiDAEMATOPHORUs iNQUiNATUS Zeller. PI. XLVI, fig. 1. PI.

LI, fig. 9.
Ocdcmatophorus iiiquiiKilHs Zeller, Verli. z-h. Ges. Wien XXII 1, 325, 1873.

Murtfeldt, Am. Ent. Ill, 235, 1880.

Coquillett, Papilio 11, 61, 1882 (biol.).

Uimmock, Psyche III, 403, 1882.

Hy. Edwards, Bull. 35 U. S. N. M. 137, 1889.

Hedemann, Stett. ent. Zeit. LVII, 9, 1896.
tAltuita iiiquinata Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.
%Ocdematus infuuiatus Murtfeldt, Proc. Nat. Sci. Club 13, 1896.
Pterophorus inquinatus Fernald, Pter. N. A. 56 (in part), pi. Ill, ff. 5, 6; pi.
IV, ff. 3, 4, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 447, 1902 (in part).

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910 (in part).

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913 (in part).

Walsingham, Biol. Cent. Am., Lep. Het. IV, 446, 1915 (in part).

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151. 1917 (in part).

Grossbeck, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat, Hi.st. XXXVII, 136, 1917.

Britton, Ins. Conn. 103, 1920.
Vestiture of mixed gray-brown and whitish scales, the front of the
thorax and a space between antennae more whitish. Antennae white or
whitish with dark dots above, Palpi rather small, oblique. Abdomen with
scales on posterior margins of segments slightly roughened, bearing a pair of
black dots at least on a few segments near middle. Legs whitish; fore and
mid tibiae striped with dark gray-brown and provided with traces of scale tufts;
tarsi wiiite, usually finely annulate at tips of joints.

Primaries white and gray brown, usually so evenly mixed as to produce
a gray ground color on which the whiter and blacker areas are more or less
conspicuous. Costa normally marked with a dash above base of cleft and a
shorter one just beyond middle of first lobe, both of which include the fringes.
The latter is preceded and followed by small dark dots, which scarcely enter
the white fringes. Either or both may be lacking. There is a blackish spot in
cell and a dash before cleft which is prolonged toward costal dash and some-
times connected to it by a fainter shade. Inner margin of first lobe with a dot
before apex, and second lobe with one to four such dots at apex and on outer
margin. The more evident whitish areas are a subcostal line before cleft, a

403

spot at one-third from base near inner margin, followed by a dash on vein Cu
and a patch at base of cleft. Fringes dark brownish gray, slightly darker in
cleft; cut by a whitish pencil before apex of first lobe and by three or less,
often grayish and inconspicuous, on outer margin of second. Secondaries
brownish gray with concolorous fringes. Expanse 15-22 ram.

Distribution : Atlantic Coast to Cal., south into Mexico. March
to Sept. We have no Canadian records, and the most northern locali-
ties represented in our series are N. Iowa and Pa.

The paired dorsal dots on the abdomen and the general grayish
color distinguish this common species. The dots are not particularly
small, but are set close together and are frequently inconspicuous in
dark specimens. Crumpling and shrinking of the abdomen, which un-
fortunately is frequent in this family, may render it almost impossible
to discern the dots and their position, but we have seen very few speci-
mens in which it was impossible to see one pair, at least.

Inquinatus is very closely related to the two following species,
both of which may be mere races or forms. The evidence at our
disposal leads us to believe that all are worthy of specific rank, and
this opinion is strengthened by certain genitalic diiTerences, slight it
is true, but as great as can be expected between closely related species
in this genus. These differences are found in the left harpe. This
structure is long and slender, and divided by rnore or less sharp curves
into three regions, which may be termed basal, median and terminal.
In inquinatus the terminal portion is evidently shorter than the median,
and the outer band is relatively sharp. The remaining species may be
separated from inquinatus on this basis by the following key :

1. Terminal portion of harpe as long as median 2

Terminal portion shorter than median inquinatus

2. Harpe broadly rounded, regions indefinite eros

Harpe more definitely bent into three portions pan

All are subject to variation, but the difference as expressed here
seems to be constant.

We have not verified the identification of inquinatus by compar-
ison with the types. When we sent species to England we were under
the impression that these types were in the Cambridge Museum, but
it now seems that they are in the British Museum. Three specimens
labelled by Zeller in the Cambridge Museum collection remove all
reasonable doubt of the accuracy of our use of the name, however. A
fourth specimen, Zeller's van b., may be a pale inquinatus or a dark

404

pan. Wc favor the latter view, but the matter is so unimportant as
scarcely to warrant the complication of the synonymy.

Coc]uilett's brief descriptions of the larva and pupa are the only
ones known to us. They are as follows :

"Larva. — Body green, sparsely covered with raised white dots ; warts con-
colorous, each bearing from two to six stiff, curved, diverging white bristles
of different lengths; spiracles raised, whitish; head partially retractile into
segment one, green, tinged with brown and marked on each side with a black
spot above the jaws ; venter green, unmarked ; length 12 mm. Two specimens.
Lives on Ambrosia artemisiac folia. One pupated July 27, producing the imago
August 3; the other pupated July 30 and the imago emerged August 6.

"Chrysalis. — Of the usual shape, pale ash color, marked with a large pink
spot near the middle of the upper side; on this spot is large brownish-black
spot ; length 7 mm. The chrysalis is fastened by its posterior end to the upper
side of some object, from which it stands in an oblique direction, the abdomen
being slightly curved."

We have no way of telling whether the species which Coquilett
reared was true inquinatiis or ambrosiae Murt. The descriptions
quoted by Fernald in the "Pterophoridae of North America" apply to
the latter.

20. OlDAEMATOPHORUS EROS H. Sp. PI. XLVI, fig. 2. PI. LI, fig. 11.

Head and thorax white, the former with some gray-brown scales above
and in front and the latter with a cluster of blackish-brown scales behind. Ab-
domen mostly white but with a few gray-brown scales. Posterior margins of
segments with paired dorsal dots, as in inqninatus, but with the vestiture not
visibly roughened in the type series. Antennae white with gray-brown dots
above. Palpi white with scattered gray-brown scales, especially on sides. Legs
white, marked as in inquinatus but less heavily.

The primaries are marked exactly as in inquinatus, but are much
lighter. Their appearance is definitely whitish with gray-brown irroration and
spots, instead of generally grayish as in the other species. The secondaries are
also of a much lighter shade of brownish gray. Expanse 14-17.5 mm.

Described from ten specimens taken in Mohave Co., Ariz., Sept. 8-15
(Poling).

Holotype $ , allotype and 6 paratypes 3 in coll. Barnes.

Paratypes 5 and 2 , U. S. N. M. No. 23469.

The series to which we apply this name is undoubtedly very closely
related to inquinatus and pan, and may be only a small pale race of
the former. Until we are able to link them definitely with specimens
such as we have not at present, we are inclined to believe that it is
worthy of specific rank. As one would expect, the genitalia of all
three are quite similar, but there is a general form of the left harpe in

405

each which appears to be constant. In cros this structure is much
more broadly curved than in the other two, lacking definite bends be-
tween the several regions. The supplementary key under inquiiiatus
tabulates these differences.

None of our specimens was reared.

21. OlDAEMATOPHORUS PAN n. sp. PI. XL VI, fig. 3. PI. LI, fig. 10.

Head, body and legs white, marked as in cros. The paired spots on the
abdomen are more conspicuous than in either inquinatus or eras. Scales on
terminal margins of abdominal segments raised.

Primaries white with scanty gray-brown irroration. In the most heavily
marked specimens this irroration darkens tlie costa in its basal half and streaks
the remainder of the wing. The black costal dash over the base of the cleft is
conspicuous and usually definitely separated from the discal area by a clear
white subcostal line. Spot before cleft small, scarcely produced toward costa.
Remaining marks as in inquinatus and cros. Fringes contrastingly dark but with
extensive white areas. Secondaries whitish to light gray, usually with much
more white below than in the other species. Expanse 17-24 mm.

Described from twenty-seven specimens taken by O. C. Poling en route
Dewey to Salome, Ariz., April and May 8-15 and three ( 9 paratypes) from
Palm Springs, Riverside Co., Cal., March 16-23.

Holotype S, allotype and 22 paratypes, 11^, 11 9, in coll. Barnes.

Paratj-pes S and 9 U. S. N. M. No. 23470.

Paratypes S and 9 Cambridge Museum.

Paratype 6 coll. Fernald.

Paratype 9 coll. Meyrick.

With these we associate a number of specimens from other locali-
ties in Ariz, and S. Cal.

The species differs from inquiiintus and cros in its larger size,
lighter color and the form of the left harpe. This, as pointed out
under inquinatus, is rather broadly bent into three regions, the terminal
approximately equal to the median. With a good series at our disposal
we feel that these differences warrant the treatment of pan as a good
species. It is possible that it is Zeller's inquinatus var. b, but the
specimen labelled by Zeller in the Cambridge Museum collection is not
sufficient to establish this.

We have no knowledge of the life history. We should expect to
find the larvae of eras and pan on Ambrosia with inquinatus or on
closely related plants, and hope that some entomologist in the South-
west will be able to rear them and ap])ly the evidence of life history
to the separation of the three.

406

22. OlDAEMATOPHORUS niOEBUS n. sp. PI. XLVI, fig. 5. PI. LII,

fig. 15.

Head brown with a whitish band between antennae. Antennae faintly
brown-dotted above. Palpi small, oblique, whitish with traces of brown on
third joint. Thorax whitish in front, becoming tawny to brownish behind.
Fore and middle legs infuscated, white outside, without tufts. Hind legs whitish
to pale gray brown in the darkest specimen at hand, spurs moderate. Abdomen
apparently concolorous with posterior part of thorax, with a variable number
of single dark gray-brown dorsal dots on posterior margins of segments.

Primaries whitish to light tawny brown, the palest area in the second lobe
and along inner margin of first. Costa whitish toward base, sprinkled with
blackish scales, otherwise immaculate, paler toward apex. Cleft preceded at
a short distance by a faint dark dot. Entire wing usually with some scattered
black scales, less numerous on the disk and tending to form streaks in the lobes
and near the inner margin. Fringes pale on costa, elsewhere brownish gray to
brownish black, contrastingly darker than wing. Secondaries brownish gray
with concolorous or slightly darker fringes. Expanse 21-23 mm.

Described from four specimens as follows :

Holotype S, Carmel, Cal., June 10 (Williams), paratype ?, Carmel, Cal.,
Apr. (Vachell) and paratype ?, Deer Park Springs, Lake Tahoe, Cal., July
8-15, coll. Barnes. Paratype ?, San Luis Obispo, Cal, Mar. (Vachell), U. S.
N. M. No. 23473. The abdomens of all the paratypes are broken. With these
specimens we associate one 9 from Palmerlee, Ariz., and one from Westmin-
ster, B. C. The latter is our palest specimen, but we see no reason to doubt
that it belongs here.

23. OlDAEMATOPHORUS TRITON n. sp. PI. XLVI, fig. 4.

Head brown with a whitish patch between antennae. Antennae whitish ;
palpi small, oblique ; third joint touched with blackish on outside. Thorax
whitish. Abdomen light brown in the types, but this is apparently due to the
usual discoloration. In the holotype there seems to be a trace of dorsal brown
spots. Vestiture roughened on posterior margins of segments. Legs whitish,
fore and middle pair infuscated within. Spurs of hind pair moderately long.
Tibial tufts absent.

Primaries white suffused with light gray lirown excepting a band around
base of cleft and along inner margin of first lobe, and a variably extensive
area along inner margin to apex of second lobe. Disk with a faint whitish
streak leading basad from cleft and a faint subcostal whitish line, meeting
costa just before base of cleft. Before and beyond this point the costa is darker.
Cell with a small dark spot at middle, sometimes absent. Before white band
at base of cleft there may be either one, two or no spots, if tv.o the inner is
darker. First lobe with a dark dot before apex on inner margin; second with
a dot or dash at apex and three dashes on tips of preceding veins. In this
lobe the gray-brown suffusion sometimes marks the veins for a short distance.
Fringes on costa white with a few grayish scales, elsewhere brownish gray,

4i)7

darker in the cleft. Secondaries entirely brownish gray. Expanse 18-20 mm.

The male genitalia resemble those of micar (see PI. Lll, fig. 2) but the
left harpe is shorter than the clasper, and the small lobe (ampulla?) is lacking
on the right clasper.

Described from four specimens taken at Palmerlee, Cochise Co., Ariz.
Holotype 3, allotype and one paratype S coll. Barnes. Paratype S U. S. N.
M. No. 23471.

This species is apparently related to intcgnitus Meyr., from which
it differs in the absence of a costal spot over the base of the cleft.

Life history unknown.

24. OiDAEMATOPHORUS INTEGRATUS Meyrick. PI. XI. VT, fig. 6. PI.
LII, fig. 7.

Ptcrophorus integratus Meyrick, Exot. Microlep. I, 113. 1913.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 24, 1913.
Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.

Head brown, white between antennae. Antennae without dots above.
Palpi moderate, slender, oblique. Thorax white, brownish across tips of pa-
tagia. Abdomen apparently whitish, with gray-brown dorsal and lateral dots.
Legs in poor condition in our series, but whitish and apparently lightly infus-
cated on one side. Fore and middle tibiae without tufts.

Primaries light brownish gray with a vague streak from base to cleft
and a well marked band around base of cleft and along inner margin of first
feather, apex white. Second feather sometimes vaguely whitish outwardly,
with slightly darker veins on its gray portion. White hand at base of cleft
sometimes preceded by a dark dot or curved line. Middle of cell with a small
dot. Costa with a gray-brown dash above base of cleft, preceded and followed
by white. Costa of first lobe sometimes with one or two dark dots, apex with
one, and inner margin with one near apex. Apex and outer margin of second
lobe with four dark dots at tips of veins. Entire wing with scattered gray-brown
scales, usually clustered in various areas. Fringes brownish gray with a white
pencil in cleft before apex of first lobe and more extensive white clusters on
outer margin of second. Secondaries very pale brownish gray, fringes simi-
lar. Expanse 17-19 mm

Distribution : Ariz. Type locality Nogales. We have it from
the Paboquivari Mts., July, and Palmerlee, Cochise Co.

The early stages are unknown.

25. OiDAEMATOPHORUS AUSTER n. Sp. PI. XT^VI, fig. 7. PI. LII,

fig. 8.

Head blackish-brown, white between antennae, which are dark with a
white line above, sometimes broken into dots. Palpi moderate, oblique, gray
brown on the sides and mostly white above and below. Thorax whitish, scales
lightly tipped with gray-brown, more heavily in a band which crosses thorax

408

and tips of patagia. Legs white ; fore and mid femora and tibiae with blackish-
brown stripes and without tufts; tarsi and hind legs touched with blackish
brown at tips of joints and more or less suffused with brownish gray. Abdomen
gray brown with a few white scales. Above it is marked with two white
stripes which contain a pair of diverging black streaks on each segment. In
the posterior half of the abdomen the bases of each pair of streaks are con-
nected by a broad dorsal dash in the posterior margin of the preceding seg-
ment. There are also some blackish lateral dashes and two pale ventral stripes.

Primaries clothed with mixed white and brownish gray scales and more
or less sprinkled with black. They are more or less whitish basad and along
inner margin of first lobe, and have a few whitish streaks near the inner mar-
gin and in the second lobe. There is a small dark dot, sometimes scarcely
evident, near middle of cell, and a spot before cleft. The latter is usually
scarcely more than a curved transverse shade, sharply limited outwardly by
whitish or light gray scales at base of cleft. Costa with a heavy blackish dash
over base of cleft and shaded with black in basal half. Costa of first lobe with
two black dots, opposite which there are whitish areas in the fringes. There
is a pale brown subcostal line which reaches the costa in white patches before
and after the black costal dash, fades out toward base of wing, and forks
in the first lobe, the two branches fading out near the middle of the lobe.
Between them is usually a blackish dash. Apex of first lobe and inner margin
before apex with black dots. Tips of veins in second lobe touched with black.
Fringes brownish gray, on the second lobe cut with white at tips of veins, at
least toward apex. On the first lobe they are white from the preapical dot
on the inner margin to the apex, with a few dark basal scales. Secondaries
and their fringes brownish gray. Expanse 20-27 mm.

Described from fourteen Arizona specimens.

Holotype $, allotype and four paratypes 2 from Mohave Co., Aug. and
Sept., two paratypes S and one 9, Yavapai Co., and one paratype 2 eacli
from Redington and Paradise, May, in coll. Barnes.

Paratypes 5 and 2, Mohave Co., Sept., U. S. N. M. No. 23474.

Paratype 2 , Mohave Co., Sept., in coll. Meyrick.

This beautiful species is unlike an)' other known to us, and may
be recognized very easily by the abdominal markings and the subcostal
stripe on the primaries.

The life history is unknown.

26. OlDAEMATOrHORUS MEDIUS n. sp. PI. XLVII, fig. 1. PI. LII,

fig. 4.

Head brownish, creamy white between antennae. Antennae pale above,
dotted with brown. Palpi small, slender, oblique, whitish; third joint and tip
of second touched with brown. Thorax whitish with light brown band across
tips of patagia. Abdomen gray brown with white scales, whiter above toward
base, and on posterior margins of segments, which are also marked with single
dorsal brown dots. Fore and mid tibiae with brown stripes and faint indica-

409

tions of tlie usual tufts; tarsi touched with gray brown at tips of joints. Hind
legs more grayish, tibiae apparently with a white dorsal line ; darker at bases
of spurs and paler at bases of tarsal joints. Spurs rather short. The hind
legs are present in only one specimen of the type series.

Primaries pale dull gray-brown with some whitish scales and a variable
sprinkling of black ones. There is a rather heavy oblique black dash or spot
contiguous to base of cleft and a costal spot above it, preceded and followed
by whitish fringes. The first lobe has two faint black costal dots, one apical
and one preapical on inner margin, and both it and the second are more or less
streaked with the black irroration. There is a subcostal line as in the pre-
ceding species, but in this case it is merely an area of the ground color free
from both black and white scales, and hence is very inconspicuous. Secondaries
and fringes of both wings gray-brown. Expanse 17-19 mm.

Described from five specimens from Texas.

Holotype 3 , and two paratypes S from San Benito, March 16-23 and
allotype, Brownsville, in coll. Barnes.

Paratype S, San Benito, Mar., U. S. N. M., No. 23487.

We have three other specimens in poor condition from the San
Benito series.

Medius is rather distinct by reason of its extreme dullness
of color, lack of conspicuous pattern other than the one discal dot,
and by the fact that this dot is contiguous to the base of the cleft and
not separated from it by pale scales. VVe think that no difticulty will
be experienced in placing it by means of the key.

The life history is not yet known.

27. OlDAEMATOPHORUS LINUS H. Sp. PI. XLVII, fig. 2. PI. LII,

fig. 9.

White. Head with some gray-brown scales above and in front. Antennae
dotted with brown above. Palpi small and slender, third joint and tip of second
gray-brown. Fore and middle legs with some slender gray-brown stripes, no
trace of tufts. Hind legs with gray-brown lines on spurs and just a trace at
tips of some tarsal joints; spurs moderate. Abdomen with single dorsal dots
in posterior margins of segments, sometimes faintly connected by a dorsal line;
also with a gray-brown ventral line and lateral spots or dashes.

Primaries white, more or less heavily irrorate with brownish black scales
which are more numerous toward inner margin and apices of lobes. Costa
with a dark dash over base of cleft and another beyond middle of first lobe.
Apex of first lobe, inner margin just before apex, and tips of veins in second
lobe with brownish black dots. Those on the second lobe are usually indis-
tinguishable from the scattered black scales which surround them. There is a
dark spot a short space before the cleft which is produced obliquely toward
the costal dash. Fringes brownish gray with whitish pencils at tips of veins

410

of second lobe and one before apex of first. Secondaries and their fringes
brownish-gray. Expanse 21-22 mm.

Described from seven specimens.

Holotype i and one paratype S, New Brighton, Pa., June (Merrick) in
coll. Barnes.

Allotype Hampton, N. II., July (Shaw) and one paratype S, Wapakoneta,
Ohio, U. S. N. M. No. 23475.

Paratype S , Mass. and one paratype with broken abdomen from James-
ville, Md., Cambridge Museum, together with a fragmentary specimen from
Hazleton, Pa.

Paratype 9, Hatch Exp. Sta., Mass., July 2, 1897, coll. Fernald.

Linus is also a very distinct species, with its rather narrow pri-
maries coarsel}' powdered with blackish scales over the white ground
color. None of the types is in perfect condition, but the species
appears to be rare so we have added as many as possible to the type
series.

We have no information about the life history.

28. OiD.AEMATOPiioRus FisHii Fernald. PI. XLY, fig. 1. 2. PI. LIII,

fig. 7.
Aludta fishii Fernald, Can. Ent. XXV, 95, 1893.
Pterophonts fishii Fernald, Pter. N. A. 40, 1898.
Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 444, 1902.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913.
tPterophoriis fislii Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.

i . Pale brownish gray. Palpi with a few darker scales toward tip ;
small and oblique. Antennae very faintly dotted above. Legs mixed gray
and whitish, tarsi darker at tips of joints Fore and mid tibiae with slight
scale tufts. Spurs of hind tibiae short.

Primaries light gray-brown, sometimes mixed with white scales. Costa
with a gray-brown dash over base of cleft and a longer one, sometimes divided
into two, beyond. Cleft preceded at a short distance by a slight dark spot,
obliquely prolonged in a faint shade toward costal dash. This spot is sometimes
no darker than the ground color, indicated by the paler scales which follow it.
There are a few darker gray brown scales scattered over the wing. Fringes
very pale gray brown with a few whitish areas. Secondaries and their fringes
scarcely darker than primaries.

9 . Much paler than $ . White with the darker marks of the S present
but pale brownish gray. Fringes of primaries extremely pale, whitish. Under
a lens normal specimens show pure white clusters in the fringes, but in the
palest specimens they are entirely pure white. The secondaries are faintly
tinged with gray. Some specimens are almost pure white, but none in our
possession fails to show the costal dash over base of cleft and mark before
cleft under a lens. Expanse 17-23 mm.

411

Distribution : Described from Nevada. Ariz., S. Cal., Utah, July
to Sept. Dr. McDunnough sent us one S taken at Avveme, Man.,
July 13, 1904, which appeared to be fishii, but it was in such poor con-
dition that we could not be certain of its identity.

This is the only species known to us in which the sexes differ.
A good series in the Grinnell collection from the San Bernardino Mts.,
Cal., convinced us of this, for it was possible to separate the males
and females of this series, without an exception, without examining
the sexual organs. Our own material was too limited to bring us to
this conclusion, but it is significant that we had set aside a series of
males from Cal. and Ariz, as a new species, and a series of females
from Utah as fishii before seeing Grinnell's series.

In order to avoid confusion which might have arisen from the
extreme paleness of the markings in some females, we are including
the species in the key both in the group having a costal mark over
the base of the cleft and in the one which lacks this mark, though it
appears to be at least faintly developed in all of our specimens, as
already noted.

The unique 9 type is in the Fernald collection. It now consists
of the thorax and left secondary only, but in the pale color of the
wing it corresponds with our females.

The early stages are unknown.

29. OlDAEMATOPHORUS CADMUS n. sp. PI. XLVTI, fig. 3. PI. LII,
fig. 5.

Head brown in front, slightly brownish above, white between antennae.
Antennae and palpi white, the latter rather short, slender and oblique. Thorax
and abdomen whitish, the latter with three brown stripes below and sometimes
vague traces of two above. Legs white, fore and mid tibiae and all spurs with
fine brown stripes. Spurs long, first pair on hind tibiae reaching well over
half way to terminal pair, and these about half as long as first joint of tarsi.

Primaries white, irrorate with brown. The brown scales darken the first
lobe rather evenly, but are more or less blotchy elsewhere. At base of cleft
is a white space preceded by a curved, powdery brown line which margins a
patch of brown irroration extending slightly basad and joining a costal brown
dash over base of cell. Beyond this is one other costal spot. Apex of first
lobe, inner margin before apex and sometimes tips of veins in second lobe
with small browMi dots. Fringes white or whitish in cleft with brownish gray
tufts at and before apex of first lobe; white on costa, gray brown at spots;
brownish gray mixed with white ehewhere, with two white patches on outer
margin of second lobe. Secondaries and their fringes very pale brownish gray.
Expanse 14-16 mm.

412

Described from ten males, nine from Palmerlee, Ariz., and one (paratype)
from Camp Baldy, San Bernardino Mts., Cal., all taken in July.

Holotype and eight paratypes coll. Barnes.

Parat>'pe U. S. N. M. No. 23476.

This little species is not unlike our Adaina zcphyria in superfi-
cial appearance, but differs in having the discal spot separated from
the base of the cleft by a white area, and in the much less prominent
spots on the margins of the lobes of the primaries.

Nothing is known of the life history.

30. OlDAEMATOPHORUS lOBATES n. sp. PI. XLVII, fig. 16. PI. LIV,

fig. 12.

Head brown above and in front, brownish white between antennae. An-
tennae with a slender, somewhat broken brown line above. Palpi moderately
long, very slender, white with a brown line outside. Fore and middle legs
white with brown stripes, the tarsi with dashes on one side or merely brown
shading. Hind legs whitish, sprinkled with brown scales, sometimes very
heavily. Tarsi with the joints tipped and slightly shaded with brown. Spurs
long, the inner spur of first pair reaching well over half way to end of tibiae,
the rest relatively shoiltr tliuii in cadmus. Thorax and abdomen brownish
white, the latter sprinkled with brown scales about as heavily as primaries and
usually marked with single brown dorsal dots in posterior margins of segments,
and a powdery ventral line.

Primaries brownish white to pale tawny, in the first case a little ochreous
in first lobe and in the second more whitish toward base. The wings are
sprinkled with dark brown scales, most heavily in second lobe and along inner
half. The irroration is limited to these areas in some specimens. Costa usually
darkened with these scales in basal half, always with a long dash over base
of cleft and one or two spots beyond, the outer one larger. The irroration
forms a poorly defined spot at base of cleft, its nucleus apparently separated
from the cleft, and sometimes a smaller spot near middle of cell. Apex of first
lobe, inner margin before apex, and tips of veins in second lobe with brown
dots. Those on the second lobe are often obscured by the brown irroration.
Fringes concolorous with wing or nearly so on inner margin and in base of
cleft, becoming much darker toward apices of both lobes. The dark areas
contain brownish black basal scales at the apices of the lobes, and a few
clusters of pale scales before apices. Secondaries and fringes pale gray-brown.
Expanse 17-20 mm.

The male genitalia have no tufts on the claspers, as is the case in the
two following species.

Described from nineteen specimens taken by O. C. Poling in April and
May 8-15, en route from Dewey to Salome, Ariz.

Holotype 5, allotype and 12 paratypes, $ and 9, in coll. Barnes.

Paratypes i and 9 , U. S. N. M. No. 23477.

413

Paratj^e 9 Cambridge Museum.

Paratype $ coll. Fernald.

Paratjpe 9 coll. Meyrick.

lobatcs appears to be related to cadmus, and is even more closely
related to ares. Some specimens of the last named may be easily con-
fused with it, but these can be distinguished by the more sharply defined
spot almost contiguous to the base of the cleft and by the unstriped
palpi. In iobatcs the dark stripe is present in all of the type series.
while in the related species we are unable to see even a trace of dark
scales.

31. OlDAEMATOPHORUS COCHISE n. sp. PI. XLVII, fig. 17. PI. LIII,

fig. 4.

Head brown, with a whitish patch between antennae. Antennae whitish
with a brown line above. Palpi moderate, slender, whitish. Legs as in tobates.
Thorax and abdomen brownish white, the latter with a few dorsal and lateral
brown dots.

Primaries pale tawny, sometimes more whitish toward base. Costa brown
from base almost to cleft, then with a brown dash, sometimes no more con-
spicuous than the first line, which is preceded and followed by some whitish
scales. First lobe with two dark brown costal dots, usually conspicuous, an
apical dot, and one before apex on inner margin. Second lobe with or without
a few dark dots at tips of veins. Cleft preceded by a brown spot, the inter-
vening space often filled with scales of the same color. There is also a small
dot near middle of cell, some scattered brown scales, less numerous toward
costa, and sometimes a few white scales in the apices of the lobes. Fringes
tawny-gray along inner margin, a little darker around apex of second lobe and
in cleft, and dark brownish gray before apex of first lobe with a wliitc pencil
at marginal dot. There are some white hairs along the fringes and a few pale
areas, especially on the outer margin of the second lobe where there are two,
often whitish. Secondaries brownish gray to grayish tawny, with concolorous
fringes. Expanse 17-19 mm.

Described from five specimens from Palmerlee, Cochise Co., Ariz., without
dates and one $ (parat>-pe) from Jemez Springs, N. M., July 1-7.

Holotype S , allotype and 3 paratypes 9 in coll. Barnes.

Paratype 9 U. S. N. M. No. 23478.

Cochise is very similar to iobatcs but is distinct in several small
superficial features, as well as in genitalia. The whitish palpi without
a lateral dark stripe are a convenient character for its separation. The
genitalia are very close to those of arcs, but we cannot regard the
superficial features of the two as mere varietal differences, and this
suggests that the different position of the hair tuft on tlie claspers

411

may be of some value. Unfortunately our series are too small to
allow proper investigation of this feature in the two species.
The life history is unknown.

32. OlDAEM.ATOPHOKUS ARES n. sp. PI. XLVII, fig. 18. PI. LJII,

fig. 1.

Head brown, tawny-white between antennae. Antennae with a row of
variably heavy brown dots above. Palpi moderate, slender, whitish. Fore and
middle legs white with brown lines, continued onto first joint of tarsi ; tarsi
also shaded with brown. Hind legs light brownish, tarsi slightly paler. Spurs
rather long. Thorax and abdomen tawny, the latter with some single dorsal
brown dots in posterior margins of segments, otherwise immaculate.

Primaries even ochreous-tawny. Cell with a brown dot near middle and
cleft preceded by a heavy but not large brown spot, from which a few scales
sometimes extend to embrace the extreme base of the cleft. Costa without a
patch over base of cleft, but sometimes with its position indicated by two pale
areas. First lobe with two brown dots on costa, one near middle, sometimes
absent, and one beyond, a more elongate spot at apex and a heavier one before
apex on inner margin. Second lobe sometimes with a few dark scales at tips
of veins. There are a few scattered brown scales on the wing, chiefly along
tl'.e inner margin near the base. Fringes grayish tawny with a dark brownish
gray patch preceding apex of first lobe with a few pale hairs at the marginal
dot, and a similar but paler and less conspicuous dark region at apex of second
lobe. Secondaries gray-brown, their fringes a little more tawny. Expanse
20-22.5 mm.

Described from five specimens, of wliich we have made four types as
follows :

Holotype 9, Stockton, Utah, July 30 (Spalding) allot\pe and one para-
type 9, Provo, Utah, Aug. 12 (Spalding) in coll. Barnes.

Paratvpe 9, Beulah, N. M., 8000 it.. July (Cockerell) U. S. N. M, No.
23479.

.Ires is closely related to cochisc but is much more evenly colored
and has less blackish-brown irroration. The absence of the costal
dash over the base of the cleft appears to be constant, and is in itself
enough to distinguish the species.

55. OiDAEMATOPiiORUs TiNCTi's Walsinghaiii. PI. XI.V, fig. 3. PI.
T.II. fig. 3.

Ptrnil'iKints tiiiclus Walsingliam, Biol. Cent. Am. Lep. Het. IV, 443, 1915.
We reproduce all that the "Biologia" says about the species :
".hitcnnae whitish. Palpi slender, porrect, reaching half the length of

the head beyond it: whitish. Head and face ochrcous, whitish on the crown.

Tliora.v pale ochrcous. forcivings pale ochreous, strongly tinged with brownish

415

ochreous on the costal half, along the cell, and nearly to the apex; on the
apical lobe an obliquely curved reddish brown spot at the base of the fissure,
an elongate dark fuscous spot on the costa, above the basal half of the fissure,
separated by a pale spot from a few fuscous scales beyond it ; a minute blackish
spot on the lower edge of the apical lobe, between which and the apex the cilia
are reddish brown, the remaining cilia above and below the lohc being pale
ochreous; the dorsal cilia of the tornal lobe are also tinged with reddish brown.
Exp. al. 15 mm. Hindwings and cilia shining, yellowish brown. Abdomen pale
ochreous. Legs whitish, the hind tibiae and tarsi smeared with brownish fus-
cous.

"Type 9 (65514) Mus. Wlsm. (Godm.-Sah: Coll.) B. M.

"Hab. Mexico: Guerrero: Amula. 6000 ft., VIII-IX (H. H. Smith). Two
specimens, one much injured."

We have three specimens, two £ and one without an abdomen,
from Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz., August. One of these was com-
pared by Mr. Meyrick with the type of tincins and returned as that
species. From this series we note that the color is rather more yel-
lowish than ochreous. and that the secondaries are what we have called
pale brownish gray in our descriptions. The first lobe of the primaries
may have either one or two costal dots beyond the first brown mark.
Our smallest specimen expands about 15.2 mm. and our largest 17 mm.

34. OiDAEMATOPHORUS HELiANTHi Walsinghaui. PI. XLVII, fig. 6,

PI. LII, fig. 12.
LioptUus hcUantld Walsinyham. Pter. Cal. Ore. 54, pi. Ill, f. 11, 1880.

Dimmock, Psyche ITT, 404. 1882.

Hy. Edwards, Bull. 35, U. S. N. M. 137, 1889.
Alucita hcliantUi Feniald. Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.
Pterophorus helianthi Fernald, Pter. N. A. 43, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 445, 1902.

Anderson. Cat. B. C. Lap. 50, 1904.

Dynr, Proc. U. S. N. M. XXVII, 924, 1904.

B.' C. Ent. Soc. Check List 42, 1906.

Mc\rick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 23, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151. 1917.
Head brown, whitish between antennae. Antennae whitish with brown dots
above. Palpi moderate, slender, whitish with gray-brown scales on outer side.
Fore and middle legs whitish, he.ivily shaded with gray-brown on one side.
Hind legs whitish, shaded at bases of spurs and tips of tarsal joints. Thorax
concolorous with primaries, .\hdomen similar above with dark gray brown
dorsal dots, more or less elongate, forming a broken dorsal line; beneath
heavily shaded near middle and with an obscure dark ventral line.

416

Primaries brownish white to tawny with some scattered dark brown
scales. There is sometimes a small dot near middle of cell and a dark dash
on costa over base of cleft, but botli are often lacking. A short distance
before the cleft and slightly toward inner margin there is a rounded dark
brown spot, rather well defined, which may be extended as much as half way
to the costa by an oblique line of dark scales, and occasionally the anterior
extremity of this mark alone is evident as a spot much more vague than the
first and preceded by some of the dark scales, grouped into a vague line. Apex
of first lobe, inner margin before apex, and sometimes tips of veins of second
lobe with dark dots. Fringes concolorous, those in cleft with dark areas, not
abruptly limited, just before apices of both lobes. In some specimens these
areas are not actually very dark, but they are always noticeably darker than
the wing. Secondaries gray brown, bases paler ; fringes slightly more tawny.
Expanse 21-29.5 mm.

Distribution ; Type locality Siskiyou Mts.. S. Ore. Cal, July
and Aug. Colo., Aug. The type series was taken in June. Dyar
records one specimen, with doubt, from South Fork Creek, E. C.

The large size and broad wings of Iiclianthi separate it at once
from the related species. We have a single specimen whose expanse
is about 21 mm., but this is very unusual ; the expanse is usually at
least 24 mm. The general habitus is very distinctive when once the
species is seen.

r)ur Colorado sijccimens are from Denver and S. Park (fXslar)
and average smaller than Californian examples but are otherwise
aljout the same.

Walsingham described Iiclianthi from seven specimens "bred from
larvae feeding on a species of ficliaiitliiis." One of these, now without
an abdomen, is in the Fernald collection, and the actual type in the
r.ritish Museum,

.i5. OiDAEMATOPiiORUS HOMODAcTYLUS Walker. PI. XLV, fig. 4. Pi.

LI II, fig. 5.
rtcrophoriis homodactylus Walker, List Lcp. Ins, B, M. XXX, 941, 1864,

Dvar, Psyche VIII, 250, 1898.

Fernald, Pter, N. A, 41, pi. IV, ff, 1, 2, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U, S, N. M. 445, 1902.

Kearfott, Can. Ent. XXXVII, 294, 1905,

Winn, List Ins. Que. 86, 1912.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars. 17, 24, 1913.

Walsingham, Biol. Cent.-Am., Lep. Het. IV, 440, 1915,

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917,

McDunnough, Can. Ent. I J I. 89, pi, II, f. 2, 1920, (biol,),

Britton, Ins, Conn, 103, 1920,

417

? Lioptilus homodactylus Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. SO, pi. Ill, f. 9, 1880.
Lioptilus homodactylus Coquillett, Papilio II, 62, 1882, (biol.).

Kellicott, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci. IV, 48, 1882.

Dimmock, Psyche III, 404, 1882.

Id., op. cit. 413, 1882, (biol).

Hy. Edwards, Bull. 35 U. S. N. M. 137, 1889 (in part).
tAlucita homodactyla Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87. 1891.
^Ptcrophorus homodaclyhis Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.

Entirely snowy white. Palpi small, slender, appressed, with a few fus-
cous scales outside. Front femora slightly infuscated, and under side of pri-
maries with a trace of similar color. Primaries above with a slight irroration
of brownish gray in costal half, sometimes scarcely perceptible except in first
lobe, and a small dot well before base of cleft. The tips of the veins in both
lobes usually bear sHght dots or dashes but in most specimens these are very
inconspicuous. Secondaries tinged with grayish. Expanse 24-26 mm.

The mid tibiae have a fringe of scales down the inside, but no tufts, as
in the following species.

Distribution: Que. to B. C, south into N. J., 111. and Cal, June
to Aug.

The ahnost immaculate snowy whiteness of this species cHsting-
uishes it from all save pale examples of clliottii, with which it has been
regarded as synonymous by some writers. We find the markings of
clliottii variable, but the two species can always be separated by the
vestiture of the mid tibiae. The genitalia are indistinguishable as far
as we can observe.

A single specimen from the Hope Mts., B. C, July, sent in for
identification by Mr. G. O. Day suggested an interesting difficulty
connected with the identification of these species. It is veiy common
for the body of a white Pterophorid to be stained "cafe-au-lait" color,
but in this specimen almost the entire wings were also stained, and
only a close examination with a lens disclosed the fact that the tips
of the primaries bore asymmetrical white areas. The tips of the veins
in this specimen were also unusually heavily marked.

The life history has been treated by various writers, and some
have doubtless confused the species with clliottii. Dr. McDunnough
has worked out the early stages of both species with his usual care,
and we quote his descriptions of larva and pupa. We have specimens
reared by Dr. McDunnough, and find that his identifications agree
with our own, based upon Meyrick's comparison with the type of
homodactylus and our own examination of Fernald's types.

418

"Lanra (full-grown). — Head pale greenish ochreous. Body light green
with dorsal ochreous line broken in the centre of each segment so that the
anterior portion tends to form a short inverted Y, and the posterior portion,
commencing as a fine line, thickens into a small elongate diamond-shaped patch,
again narrowing at the rear of each segment. A broken, subdorsal, ochreous
line is also present, situated dorsad to tubercle III and curved downward on
the posterior portion of each segment; traces of a spiracular line are present
on the thoracic segments.

"The hair arising from the tubercles is long, dull-white and slightly barbed ;
the normal arrangement of setae on an abdominal segment is as follows :—
tubercles I and II are distinct but contiguous ; I has four long subequal setae,
II bears two similar ones and a further short posterior one, pointing backward.
Tubercle III shows one long central seta and two shorter anterior ones, bent
forward. On the first seven abdominal segments a single hair on the pos-
terior margin of the segment dorsad to the spiracle probably represents III a.
Tubercle IV -|- V is very large and situated directly on the lateral flange;
it bears about twelve hairs, mostly long. Directly behind them is a tubercle
bearing two medium-sized hairs and two short ones; this is presumably Illb
of Dyar. Tubercle VI, below the flange, bears ten to twelve hairs and VII
is represented by several hairs at the base of the prolegs. The thoracic seg-
ments show the usual modifications: on the mesothorax I -f II bears three
long, subequal hairs and one short anterior hair and on the metathorax this
number is increased by a single moderately long hair: both segments show a
single hair directly posterior to this group. Tubercle III shows four setae of
which the central one is the longest; in line with the abdominal spiracles near
the rear edge of the segment is a tubercle which bears one medium hair and
one small hair pointing backwards (? Illb). The prothoracic plate is not
well defined ; two large patches of white hair project over the head ; behind
these are two long single hairs and on the posterior portion three tubercles,
the central one bearing two hairs and each lateral one three. Two large lateral
tubercles with numerous hairs are present, the raised spiracle being situated
posterior to the upper one near the rear margin of the segment. Length 14 mm.

"Pupa (Fig. 2). — Pale green, with long, white, subequal hairs; wing-cases
smooth with fringe of short hair only on margin of primaries. The ends of
the leg sheaths project free but unequally above the fifth and sixth abdominal
segments; the inner sheaths (prothoracic legs) reach to the rear edge of the
fifth segment, the outer ones (mesothoracic) to the middle of the sixth seg-
ment; beneath these a third pair (metathoracic) projects still further, reaching
nearly to the rear edge of the segment. The antennal sheaths are slightly
shorter than the prothoracic legs. Apex of pupa sloping gently forward to
base of antennae where a distinct crescentic flange or ridge is formed; a dis-
tinct sub-dorsal ridge is present, becoming obsolete caudad to the second abdom-
inal segment. There is a narrow, cream-coloured dorsal stripe, a broad sub-
dorsal one along the ridge, encircling tubercles I and II, two pale broken
lateral stripes, slightly downwardly oblique from front to rear, the lower one
broader and crossing tubercle III, and a creamy stripe along the lateral flange.

419

"The tubercular setae are reduced in number as compared with those of
the hirval stage; two white hairs arise from botli tubercles I and II, tubercle
III shows a single hair; tubercles IV and V appear to have become separated,
both being situated on the lateral flange, the former with two, the latter with
two or three smaller hairs. The number of dorsal hairs is increased on the
two posterior abdominal segments and on the thoracic ones tubercle III shows
the usual two setae. There is on the prothorax a posterior row of eight setae
crossing the segment, a single lateral hair and a fringe of hairs across the apex."

36. OiDAEMATOPHORus ELLiOTTii Femalcl. PI. XLV, fig. 5.
■fLioptilus homodactyhis Hy. Edwards, Bull. 35 U. S. N. M. 137, 1889 (in part).
Alucita elliottii Femald, Can. Ent. XXV, 95, 1893.
Pterophorus elliottii Femald, Pter. N. A. 42, pi. VIII, f. 1, 2, 1898.

Dyar, Psyche VIII, 250, 1898, (biol.).

Fernald, Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 445, 1902.

Forbes, Psyche XVI, 136, 1909.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.

Winn, List Ins. Que. 86, 1912.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 24, 1913.

McDunnough, Can. Ent. LII, 90, pi. II, f. 3, 1920 (biol.).

Britton, Ins. Conn. 103, 1920.
tPterophorus ctliotti Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.

Head brown, white between antennae. Antennae white. Palpi small,
slender, appressed, touched with brown on outer side. Legs white, fore and
mid femora and tibiae brown inside ; first joint of mid and hind tarsi and
hind tibiae at bases of spurs usually touched with brown. Spurs with a brown
line on one side, rather long. Mid tibiae with moderately developed median
and terminal tufts. Thorax white. Abdomen white with dorsal, ventral and
broken ventro-lateral stripes, the dorsal line never heavy and sometimes lacking.
Primaries snowy white with scattered grayish brown scales, most numer-
ous in costal region and below cell. Costa with a dash just beyond base of
cleft, usually powdery and sometimes scarcely traceable or absent. This mark
is continued obliquely inward, becoming faint but usually connected with a
rounded spot some distance before base of cleft. Cell with a dot near middle
in some specimens. Costa of first lobe with two blackish dots in the more
heavily marked specimens, and apex, inner margin before apex, and tips of
veins of second lobe with similar dots. Our most heavily powdered specimen
has a brown subcostal line in the first lobe which extends slightly basad along
costal margin of cell. Fringes pale gray brown with white bases, white in cleft.
Secondaries white, sometimes tinged with gray; fringes gray tipped. Expanse
21-26 mm.

Distribution: Que. to Man., south into N. J. and 111. Late June
and July.

The numerous superficial features in which elliottii differs from
homodactyhis are so variable that they do not sufiice to separate some

420

pale specimens, but the tufted tibiae are always dependable if we
except the cripples which are so numerous in collections of this family.
The genitalia show no dilTercnce (see pi. LlII, fig. 5, Iwinodactyliis).

There are four male and three female "types" in the Fernald
collection, all from New York.

"Larva (full-grown), — Head pale oclireous. Body light green with long,
white, shiny, non-spiculate hairs from the tubercles, the longest being about 4
mm. in length. Except on the prothorax there is a distinct creamy dorsal line
broken in the centre of each segment by a small, round dot of the ground color;
traces of a pale subdorsal line are visible crossing tubercles I and II. espe-
cially shortly before pupation ; a somewhat broken pale lateral line midway
between tubercles I and III and a similar spiracular line, broken on the posterior
portion of each segment. Prothoracic plate indistinctly defined, the arrange-
ment of setae on this seginent being similar to that found in Iwnwductylus.
On the other thoracic segments tubercle I + II bears two long, central hairs
and three shorter ones, two anterior and one posterior. A single minute hair
is situated directly posterior to this group. Tubercle III shows two long cen-
tral setae, two minute posterior ones and three longer anterior ones ; tubercle
IV has four long central hairs and six or seven shorter ones arranged in a
crescent around the edge ; three short hairs are present on a level with the
abdominal spiracle. On the abdominal segments tubercle I bears one long,
shiny, smooth, central seta, three anterior shorter ones and one posterior one,
very minute; tubercle II is represented by a central, long hair, two shorter
posterior ones, pointing backward, and one very short anterior hair; tubercle
III bears the same number of setae as tubercle I ; tubercle IV -f V shows four
long central hairs and about seven shorter ones, arranged in a semicircle
around the ventral portion of the tubercle ; posterior to this group two short
hairs, pointing backward, probably represent tubercle Illb; tubercle VI is a
large one with about twelve hairs of which several are long ; several hairs at
the base of the prolegs represent tubercle VII. Length 14 mm.

"Pupa (Fig. 3). — Very similar to that of homodactylus, green with the
same pale ochreous markings : the white hairs from the tubercles are, however,
shorter and more numerous, the abdominal segments contain a short white
centrodorsal hair, midway between tubercles I, and the wing cases, besides the
lateral fringe of fine hair, bear several additional rows of still shorter hair;
the sheaths of the two posterior pairs of legs are also of equal length. On
the first three abdominal segments tubercle I is preceded by a patch of small,
white secondary hair, and on these same segments it bears one long central
white hair, one anterior shorter hair and a single very short posterior one ; on
the remaining abdominal segments both the secondary hairs and the anterior
tubercular hair are absent. Tubercle II is distinctly laterad to I, is large and
bears a long, central, wliite hair, and five shorter hairs arranged around the
circumference; dorsad to tubercle II is a single short hair and laterad to same
tubercle, situated in the downward angle of the first pale lateral line, are two
small white hairs, one directed forward, the other backward; below these again

421

are two further short hairs on a line with tubercle III; this tubercle is situated
on the second lateral line and bears one long hair pointing forward and one
short hair directed backward; anterior to III on the first tliree abdominal seg-
ments are two short hairs. Below the spiracle and slightly posterior to same
is a small tubercle with tliree short white hairs (? Illb) and below this on
the flange IV + V appears as a large crescentic tubercle with about eight long
white hairs. Three short hairs, well below the flange, apparently represent
tubercle VI. The thoracic segments show the usual modifications as well as
considerable secondary hair on the posterior dorsal portion of each segment."

i7. OiDAEMATOPHORUs sTRAMiNECS Walslngliam. PL XLV, fig. 18.

PI. LIII, fig. 6.
Lioptilus stramincus Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 41, pi. Ill, f. 3, 1880.
LioptUus angustus Walsingham, op. cit. 43, pi. ill, f. 4, 1880.
tAlucita angusta Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.
tAlucita straminea id., loc. cit.
Plerophorus stramineus Fernald, Pter. N. A. 44, pi. IV, ff. 7, 8, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 445, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 23, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Plerophorus angustus Fernald, Pter. N. A. 44, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 445, 1902.

Anderson, Cat. B. C. Lep. 50, 1904.

Dyar. Proc. U. S. N. M. XXVII, 923, 1904 (biol.).

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 42, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 24, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Head yellow or ochreous, brown in front and usually above. In some
cases the upper part of the head is so nearly evenly colored that the pale patch
between the antennae is not defined. Antennae sometimes dotted with brown
above. Palpi slender, moderate, oblique ; tips of second and third joints touched
with fuscous outside. Legs yellowish, first two pairs striped and shaded with
gray-brown on one side. Thora.x yellow. Abdomen yellow with brown dorsal
and ventral lines.

Primaries usually definitely yellow or yellowish, occasionally somewhat
ochreous. There is at least a trace of a brown spot contiguous to the base of
the cleft, and in a majority of specimens this spot is well marked. The tips
of the veins in both lobes are sometimes lightly touched with brown, and there
is often a heavy brown shade nmning from the base next to the inner margin
into the first lobe. When this shade is absent there is frequently a trace of
its outer end in the first lobe. Fringes and secondaries more grayish. Ex-
panse 15-21 mm.

422

Distribution : Ariz, and N. M. to Vancouver Is., B. C, east to
Colo, and E. Canada, thence south into N. J. July to Sept. In a long
series we have one specimen labelled June.

Stramincns was described from specimens taken in the Siskiyou
Mts. of S. Ore. in June, and angiistiis from a series taken on Mt. Shasta,
Cal., in Aug. The types of both are now in the British Museum, and
para types in the Fernald collection. We have specimens compared
with the types by Mr. Meyrick and others which we compared in
person with Fernald's paratypes, and are unable to find differences
which we can regard as specific. The species is rather variable in
appearance, due to the inconstancy of the brown shade, but may be
easily recognized by the more or less yellow primaries with the brown
dot at base of cleft, and the secondaries not conspicuously darker. We
know of no other small species which combines these characters.

Dyar gives the following account of this species as it occurred at
Ainsworth, B. C. :

" * * * The moths were easily started up from low grass and weeds, but
especially from the plant Anaphalis nuirgaratacca, which I suppose is their food
plant. Larvae were found commonly in the flower heads of this plant, but
unfortunately were not bred. The following is a description of them:

"Larva. — Head shining brown-black, bilobed, the clypeus reaching vertex,
rounded at top ; mouth pointed. Body robust, flattened, tapered behind, feet
normal, small. Densely covered with brown-black, fiat granules, forming a
double patch dorsally, bisected by a pale dorsal line ; ground color whitish,
forming a subdorsal band ; segmental incisures shagreened. Tubercles i and ii
separate, i dorsally placed, with secondary hairs ; iv and v separate. Later the
larva is whitish, with the flat black granules; dorsal, subdorsal, and stigmatal
]nirplish bands, the dorsal band geminately segmentarily bimacnlate in blackish."

38. OiDAEM.^TOPHORUs I'ALE.'^CEUS Zeller. PI. XLV, fig. 6. PI. I.T,

fig. 12.
Lciof'tilKs paleaccus Zeller, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien. XXIII, o26, 187o.

Murtfeldt, Am. Ent. Ill, 235, 1880.
L'wpiihis palcaceus Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 41, pi. Ill, f. 2, 1880,
Leioptilus sericidactylus Murtfeldt, Am. Ent. Ill, 235, 1880 (biol.).

Dimmock, Psyche III, 389, 1882.
lAoptihis sericidactylus Dimmock, Psyche UT, 404, 1882.

Hy. Edwards, Bull. 35 U. S. N. M. 137, 1889.
tAlncita paleacea Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.
XAlucita scricidactyla id., loc. cit.

423

Ptcrophorus palcacciis Fernald, Pter. N. A. 45, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S, N. M. 445, 1902.

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 43, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lap. Cat. pars 17, 24, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.

Britton, Ins. Conn. 103, 1920.
Head dark brown, with a brownish white patch between antennae An-
tennae with a brown line above. Palpi moderate, slender, oblique, with a brown
line outside. Legs brownish white or whitish, fore and middle femora and
tibiae striped and tarsi shaded with dark brown. Hind legs similar in color
with sometimes a trace of brown at bases of spurs. Spurs rather long. Thorax
brownish white to tawny brown, paler in front. Abdomen concolorous with
paler part of thorax, with slender parallel brown stripes on all sides.

Primaries tawny whitish to brownish white, with a broad light to smoky
brown shade running from middle of base to costa above cleft and thence out
into the first lobe, which it sometimes obscures completely but usually leaves
pale along cleft. The cleft is preceded by a variably heavy dark brown dot
which is sometimes contiguous to and sometimes slightly before it. There are
no marginal dots. In some specimens the brown shade is much heavier and
more extensive, and occasionally it suffuses the entire wing. In some of these
dark specimens the veins are contrastingly pale in the lobes. Fringes and sec-
ondaries a little darker and more grayish. Expanse 19-26 mm.

Distribution: Type series from Dallas, Tex. It is reported also
from Cal. and B. C. but we have seen no specimens from these locali-
ties. Our series indicates a range from the Atlantic coast west to
Nebraska and New Mexico. We shouM expect it in southeastern
Canada. March to Sept.

There are one male and two female types in the Cambridge Mu-
seum, and part of the type series in the British Museum. The types
of sericidactylus which we have been able to locate include a female
and a male in the Murtfeldt collection at Cornell University, which
we have labelled lectotype and allotype respectively, a S and a 9 in
coll. Fernald, and one ? now in our possession through the kindness
of Dr. J. Chester Bradley of Cornell University. The 9 in coll. Fer-
nald is a specimen of keUicottii. An examination of the various types
shows that the previous treatment of both species and synonym has
been correct.

Miss Murtfeldt's types were reared from I'ciiwma noi'chora-
ccnsis. a species of Ironweed, and her account of the early stages is
the only one known to us. We therefore quote her descriptions.

424

"Lan-a: Length, 0.55 inch; diameter, 0.10 inch; form sub-cylindrical.
Color, when young, ding>--white, with a tinge of green, becoming at maturity
pale glaucous, often varying, especially in the late Fall brood, to dull salmon.
Dorsal hairs proceeding from prominent tubercles, and of two sizes in each tuft,
each of the shorter ones tipped with a minute pellucid bead of viscid fluid, to
which pollen and bits of leaves often adhere. Lateral ridge well defined. Pro-
legs long and narrow. When mature, the larva weaves a dense mat of silk,
upon which it extends itself, remaining quiescent for two or three days, the
dorsal surface acquiring, meanwhile, a translucent lilaceous hue, with three
greenish-white longitudinal stripes, of which the mediodorsal is most distinct
and continuous.

"Pupa, with ventral surface closely appressed to the mat of silk, to which
the anal liooks are firmly attached. An upright or inverted horizontal position
seems to be preferred, although there is no thoracic band or other support for
the anterior part of the body.

"Average length 0.45 ; diameter same as larva, tapering rather abruptly
from seventh abdominal segment backward. Wing sheaths narrow, free at
the blunt-tips. Dorsum with prominent subdorsal ridges. Color and markings
quite variable. In the spring brood commonly dull green, with indistinct yel-
low lateral stripes. In the Fall brood the dorsum is pale yellow, or flesh color,
with two fine indistinct mediodorsal lines of lilac color; sub-dorsal ridge pale,
inclining to lilac on outer side. In sub-dorsal space are two nearly continuous,
quite heavy, black or fuscous lines, separated by a broad, pale stripe, from two
narrow, interrupted, dark hnes, one beneath, the other, above stigmata. On
the thorax the dark stripes are represented by two slightly diverging dashes
on each side. Situated in the sub-dorsal ridge, at the posterior edge of each
segment, are a pair of small, geminate piliferous warts, each bearing a sparse
tuft of light sprangling hairs. The last larval skin, rolled into a little hairy ball,
is often supported over the back of the chrysalis, raised above it on the hairs
of the sub-dorsal ridges. The pupa is quite active and irritable, striking about
in all directions when meddled with."

39. OiDAEMATOPHORUs VENAPUNCTUS Barnes & Lindsey. PI. XLV,

fig. 19. PI. LIV, fig. 6.
Ocdciiiatoplwriis vcnapnncius Barnes & Lindsey, in Heinrich, Jn. Agr. Re-
search XX, 827, 1921.
^Edcmatophorus vcnapunctus Heinrich, Jn, Agr. Research XX, 827, 1921 (biol.)

The original description is as follows :

"Head whitish ochreous between the antennae, elsewhere light brown. An-
tennae and palpi pale brownish ochreous, almost white, the latter short, oblique
or porrect. Thorax and legs of the same shade of pale brownish ochreous, the
fore and middle legs tinged with brown inside. Abdomen similar both above
and below, with a fine, brown, middorsal line.

"Primaries concolorous with thorax, darker toward costa, especially in
first lobe, though this shade is scarcely evident in some specimens. Just before

425_

and below the base of the cleft is a small blackish brown spot, isolated except
in our darkest specimen, in which it is continued obliquely toward the costa
by a faint dark shade. In the outer margin of the second lobe there are four
short, dark dashes on the tips of the anal, cubital and third median veins. These
are very faint in some specimens. A similar but heavier spot occurs on the
inner margin of the first lobe a short distance before its apex at the tip of
the fifth radial. Two vague dots sometimes appear on the costal margin of this
lobe, one just before the apex and the other almost opposite the one on the
inner margin. Fringes concolorous, slightly darker toward the apex of the wing
and with their bases slightly paler. Secondaries somewhat paler than primaries
and with a more grayish tinge. Fringes concolorous with slightly paler bases.

"Expanse IS to 18 mm.

"Described from the following series : Holotype male, Brownsville, Tex.,
March ; paratype male, same locality ; allotype and six paratypc females, San
Benito, Tex., March and April. (Collection Barnes.)

"Paratype male, Brownsville, Tex., March, and paratype female, from San
Benito, Tex., April, in United States National Museum, type Cat. No. 23495.

"This species appears to be allied to Oedcmatophorus paleaceus, O. stram-
invus. 0. kcUicotti and related species. It differs from the first two in the pres-
ence of the terminal dots and from the last two in that the dot in the disc of
the primaries is not contiguous to the base of the cleft. The form of the male
genitalia also differs from that of any related species known to us. We have
been unable to place it as a described Mexican or Central American species."

Simultaneously with this description there appeared the following
notes by Mr. Heinrich on larvae and pupae reared from the leaves
of a composite:

"The pterophorid larvae have only two setae on the prespiracular shield
of the prothorax and setae IV and V approximate on the proleg-bearing abdom-
inal segments, as in the Pyralidae with which they are affiliated. They have,
however, in distinction from the Pyralidae proper, long stem-like prolegs and
a greater or less development of secondary setae. The crochets are also pe-
culiar, being uniordinal, few in number (6 to 8 in the genus Oedematophorus),
and arranged in a quarter circle opening outwardly. In O. vcnapnnctus the
secondary hairs are confined to a row of 5 to 8 in the area normally occupied
by seta VI. The body tubercles are somewhat produced, especially on the
prothorax and tenth abdominal segment, and the hairs themselves are swollen
and bulbous. In addition to the setae there are on all except the first thoracic
and the last abdominal segments several finger-like projections from the skin.
On the abdomen these arise back of setae I, II, III, IV and V from the base
of their tubercles and in the area back of the spiracle and seta group IV- V. The
prothorax is somewhat produced dorsally, and the head is capable of retraction
under the cover of this rooflike projection.

"In the pupa the venter of the eighth, ninth, and tenth segments is deeply
concave with the lateral edges fringed by rather short flexible setae. The
ventral edge of the tenth segment and the anterior margins of the concavity

426

are also armed with clusters of slender, hooked hairs. The caudal end is sharply
pointed, but there is no distinct cremaster.

"The larva is an external feeder, and the pupal period is very short. Larvae
collected by Diven from April 7 to 14, 1919, produced moths as early as the
19th of the same month."

40. OlDAEMATOPHORUS LUTEOLUS n. sp. PI. XLV, fig. 20. PI. LIV^

fig. 9.

Head brown, sometimes pale ; whitish between antennae. Antennae whit-
ish above, darker below, sometimes with a blackish line above near base. Palpi
moderate, slender, oblique, whitish. Legs white; fore and middle legs, including
first joint of tarsi, with brownish black stripes, remainder of tarsi brown shaded
on inside. Thorax and abdomen yellowish, pale brownish white or tawny, the
last sometimes with a few small blackish dorsal spots.

Primaries a little paler than thorax and abdomen, tawny white. Inner
margin of first lobe with a fine blackish brown dot before apex. Cleft preceded
at some distance by a similar but larger dot. In the allotype there are a few
dark scales on the discal area, a fine dot in the apex of the second lobe and
one at the tip of Cu^, which is very faint. The dot before the cleft is also
slightly extended across the wing. Fringes concolorous. Secondaries and their
fringes a little darker and more grayish. Expanse 20-21 mm.

Described from three specimens taken at Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz.

Holotype S, May 8-15 and allotype, Aug., in coll. Barnes.

Paratype 3. May, U. S. N. M. No. 23480.

We have also a worn male from Jeinez Springs, N. M., which
differs in the form of the left harpe (pi. LIV, fig. 9a). We are miable
to say whether this indicates variability in this structure or the specific
distinctness of the specimen, but we believe the former possibility more
likely.

The early stages are unknown.

41. OlDAEMATOPHORUS LACTEODACTVLUS Chambers. PI. XLVII, fig.
6. PI. LIV, fig. 2.

Pterophorus laclcodactyhis Chambers, Can. Ent. V, 72, 1873.

Femald, Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 445, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 24, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
tAlucita suhochracca Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891 (in part).
Pterophorus subochraceus Fernald, Pter. N. A. 43 (in part), pi. IV, f. 9, 1898.

Head brown, whitish between antennae. Antennae whitish, palpi similar
becoming brown toward tip ; slender, moderate, oblique. Legs whitish, the first
two pairs tinged with brown on one side. Spurs of hind tibiae with slender

427

brown lines. Thorax and abdomen whitish, sometimes tinged with yellow.
Abdomen with a faint dorsal line, sometimes marked by brown dots in posterior
margins of segments.

Primaries brownish white, the veins in both lobes more or less definitely
tipped with brownish black. There is sometimes a faint brown spot contiguous
to base of cleft and a dark basal dash below the cell. The wing is slightly
darker toward the costa, and there is usually an evident shade on the costa
of the first lobe, especially above base of cleft. Fringes concolorous at base,
grayish at tips. Secondaries approximately concolorous, fringes the same. Ex-
panse 25-28 mm.

Distribution : Described from Kentucky. North Carolina to Nova
Scotia, west to Colo. May to July.

The type of lacteodactylus is now in the Cambridge Museum. It
is a large specimen and well worn, but is sufficiently well preserved
to establish its identity satisfactorily. The species is rather closely
related to kellicottii but dilTers in the absence of a well marked spot
at the base of the cleft on the primaries and in other slight features, as
well as in the form of the genitalia. There is no reason for confusing
it with siibochraceus for that species has no marginal or discal spots.

The life history is unknown.

42. OlDAEMATOPHORUS KELLICOTTII Fish. PI. XLVII, fig. 5.
Lioptilus kellicottii Fish, Can. Ent. XIII, 141, 1881.

Kellicott, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Hist. IV, 51. 1881. (Biol.) (fide Hy.
Edwards).

Dimmock. Psvche III, 404, 1882.

Hy. Edwards, Bull. 35 U. S. N. M. 137, 1889.
Alucita kellicottii Fernald, Smith's List Rep. N. A. 87. 1891.
Ptcrophoms kellicottii Fernald, Pter. N. A. 49, pi. IV, ff. 5, 6, 1898.

Dvar, Ent. Rec. XI, 140, pi. I, f. 3, 1899.

Fernald, Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 446, 1902.

Winn. List Ins. Que. 86, 1912.

Grossbeck. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. XXXVII, 135, 1917.
XPlerophorus kellicotti Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Pterophorns chlorias Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 497, 1908.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 24, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Head brown, whitish between antennae. Antennae whitish. Palpi mod-
erate, slender, whitish; third joint touched with fuscous outside. Legs whitish,
the two anterior pairs shaded with brown on one side, including tarsi; spurs
moderately long. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with primaries, the latter
with a faint dorsal and several more conspicuous ventral and lateral brown lines.

428

Primaries white to pale brownish tawny, usually white tinged with tawny
or brownish. Cleft preceded by a brownish black spot which usually slightly
embraces it. The first lobe usually has a blackish dot at apex, one before
apex on inner margin and two on costa, and the second similar dots or rather
elongate dashes on tips of veins. All of these may be rather faint, and some
are frequently lacking. There is a light brown to smoky brownish gray shade
from base of wing into first lobe, sometimes faint. In part of a series of small
specimens in coll. Barnes this shade is evident only in the lobe and appear to
curve outward from the costal extremity of the discal spot. In some specimens
there are a basal dash, spot near middle of cell, and a subcostal dash near base,
the dashes somewhat broken. Fringes and secondaries almost concolorous to
distinctly darker and more grayish. Expanse 14 to 29 mm.

Distribution: Florida north into Canada and west to Utah. Way
to Aug.

One male and one female type in the Fernald collection are larger
and darker than our series of kellicottii, but both appear to be the
same species. The female looks much like a small specimen of bal-
aiiotes, so we have labelled the male lectotype. It appears to be much
more nearly average. The genitalia also resemble those of balaiioles
(see pi. I-IV, fig. 5) but nr- much smaller. The specimen which Mey-
rick compared with the type of chlorias for us is one of a series from
Utah which is rather duller and more grayish-brown than normal
kellicottii. Meyrick's types are from Colo, and our equivalent speci-
mens from Utah.

The limitation of kellicottii has proven one of our greatest puzzles
in this genus. The very small Florida specimens with a pronounced
shade in the first lobe at first seemed to be distinct, but they grade
into nearly normal individuals in the same locality. Another strange
form was foimd in a series from Cohasset, Mass., in the National
Museum. These specimens were also very small and rather evenly
grayish. The genitalia of all the forms, however, do not differ more
than is to be expected in any species of Oidaematoplwnis. and we
are utterly at loss to find tenable specific characters for their sepa-
ration in markings and superficial structure. For the present, there-
fore, we feel justified in regarding this limitation and synonymy as
correct for the species.

We have no copy of Kellicott's paper on the life history, but his
account is quoted by Fernald, from whose monograph we reproduce
it. The food plant is given as Solidago. A specimen in the National
Museum is labelled "larva boring in Artemisia baccharis." This plant
is not listed in Grav's Manual.

429

"The larva, when first examined, August 22, was .3 of an inch long; color
light jellow, head and shield darker, tlie oblique anal plate almost black, bear-
inps hairs and hooks; dorsal and subdorsal lines pinkish. By the middle of
September it abandons the branches, being then .45 of an inch in length, and
bores into the stalk a few inches above the ground ; it makes its way down
the pith into the roots, well under the ground, where it passes the winter. I
fetched several examples from the fields in January for examination ; they
were then .58 to .6 of an inch in length, lighter in color, with the longitudinal
lines of pink brighter than in autumn, the eighth segment conspicuously marked
on the back by pink. There are few hairs over their smooth bodies; on the
last ring, however, there is a brown or black chitinous disc, with a circle of
long black hairs about its circumference ; in the centre of this disc there is a small
papilla, with two stout, straight black teeth, pointing rearwards ; these teeth
arc hooked upward in the autumn stage. The hairs render the plate sensitive
to touch, and help to brush fragments from their long, narrow galleries, while
the teeth assist in backward motion in them. The mature larvae obtained in
May differ but slightly from these, except that they are then .7 of an inch
long, and the pink stripes and marks are brownish. The fourth, fifth and sixth
segments are smaller than those preceding or following them. They are quite
active, moving up and down their burrows rapidly.

"By the middle of May the caterpillar has worked its way back lo
the place of entrance in autumn, enlarging its way to accommodate its in-
creased size, and, after loosely stopping the upper part with a few chips, retires
and changes to the pupa. It is then .6 of an inch in length, slender, cylindrical.
Color white, except the oblique disc or plate terminating the head, which is
made dark by many teeth-like elevations on its surface. The abdominal seg-
ments are clothed with hairs, and the last four segments have each a trans-
verse row of teeth on the dorsal part, reminding one of a Tortrix or Cossus
pupa. The conical tip of the abdomen has many teeth ; these teeth together
with the roughness on the head, enable the pupa to worm its way up and down
the burrow with readiness. When removed from the stem to the table, it
travels about, rolling and worming its way very much as do the pupae of certain
stem-boring beetles. The wing and limb covers are free for a considerable
distance from their tips."

43. OiDAEMATOPHORUs BALANOTES Meyrlck. PI. XLIV, fig. 12. PI.

LIV, fig. 5.
Ptcrophoms halanotes Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1907, 503, 1908.

Id., Gen. Ins. C, 17. 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 26, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Ptcrophorus aquila Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1907, 503, 1908.

Id., Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep Cat. pars 17, 25, 191.!.

Barnes & McDunnough. Check List 151, 1917.

430

Head brown, whitish between antennae. Antennae whitish. Palpi whitish,
brown toward tips, longer than in the several related species preceding, oblique,
but long enough to reach bases of antennae if upturned ; slender. Legs pale
brown or brownish white, the first two pairs brown inside. Thorax and ab-
domen brownish white, the latter with dorsal, ventral and ventro-lateral brown
stripes, sometimes faint.

Primaries brownish white more or less suffused with brown, sometimes
heavily. The complete markings include dark brown spots at tips of veins in
both lobes, a brown spot contiguous to base of cleft preceded by a smaller spot
a little nearer inner margin, which is the isolated outer end of powdery line
reaching about half way from it to the base, a basal powdery line below the
cell and a subcostal basal line. We have specimens in which all of these are
lacking, and they are rarely all present. In one peculiar variation the spot at
base of cleft is faint, while the one preceding it is conspicuous. Fringes and
secondaries approximately concolorous, the latter sometimes browner. Expanse
30-41 mm.

Distribution : Florida to Arizona. We have specimens taken in
all months but April, May and Nov. The American Museum collec-
tion contains a S from N. J.

The species is so extremely variable in markings that we cannot
])lace one specimen from Arizona, which e.xpands only 26 mm., here
with certainty. It has the long palpi of balanotes, however, and may
be an abnormally dwarfed specimen. As a rule the brownish wings
distinguish the species, but some immaculate specimens are sufficiently
ochreous to be confused with (jrandis. In that species the palpi are
distinctly shorter.

In sending specimens to Mr. Meyrick for comparison with his
types we erroneously identified balanotes. Later on, to verify our
corrected opinion of the species, he very kindly compared the types
of balanotes and aqitila, both in his collection, and pronounced them
sexes of the same species. Balanotes was described from a single
Florida specimen and aqnila from a single Texas example. The de-
scription of the former immediately precedes that of the latter.

The life history is unknown.

44. OlDAEMATOPHORUS GRANDIS Fish. PI. XLVTI, fig. 7. PI. LIII,

fig. 12.

Liaplilus (jmiidis Fish, Can. F.nt. XIII. 141, 18S1.
Alihilo grandis Fernald, Smith's List Lcp. N. .\. 87, 1891.
Ptcrophonis grandis Fernald, Ptcr, N. A. 50, pi. V, ff. 9, 10, 1898
Id.. Bull. 52 U- S. N. M. 446. 1902.

431

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913.

Walsingham, Biol. Cent. Am., Lep. Het. IV, 441, 1915.

Barnes & McDunough, Check List 151, 1917.
Pterofhorus baccliaridi-s Grinnell, Can. Ent. XL, 317, 1908.

Williams, Ent. News XX, 60, 1909 (biol).

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 24, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Head brown, brownish white between antennae. Antennae brownish
white, palpi similar, becoming brown toward apex, slender and oblique, mod-
erately long. Legs brownish white, first two pairs shaded with brown on inner
surface. Thorax and abdomen pale tawny, the latter with a faint brown dorsal
stripe.

Primaries ochreous, more or less heavily tinged with brown, in some speci-
mens almost evenly brown but usually paler toward inner margin and along
base of costa. Veins slightly darker than ground color on inner half of wing
and sometimes tipped with dark brown in both lobes. Fringes concolorous.
Secondaries and their fringes slightly more grayish. Expanse 34-66 mm.

Distribution: California. We have the species from northern,
central and southern localities, Jtine and July. In U. S. N. M. from
Mexico.

There are two types of grandis, a male and a broken specimen, in
the Fernald collection, and one type male in the Cambridge Museum.
all from California. Grinnell's two types are this species without
doubt; they were reared from Baccharis pilularis at San Francisco
by F. X. Williams, and give us our only knowledge of the life history.
Williams' account of these specimens is as quoted below :
"Description of a nearly mature larva (fig. 12). — Head pale brown, darker
about the mouth and along the sides, clypeus not reaching half way to vertex.
Body of uniform thickness, somew-hat depressed, shining white, with slight
creamy yellow tinge ventrad ; cervical shield strong, pale brownish, with two
transverse patches of small dark brownish tubercles, interspersed rather sparsely
with hairs, the first patch the narrower. On the second and penultimate seg-
ments is a less developed patch. On each side of the dorsal line an irregular,
rather broad and broken purple line ; subdorsad a heavier, wider purple band ;
and below the brownish spiracles an indistinct geminate line of the same color,
with an extended blotch just cephalad of each spiracle. Indications of another
line below lateral fold. Body with sparse brownish hairs, except on last seg-
ment where the heavily chitinized, dark brown anal plate is widely bordered
with numerous dark hairs arising from small tubercles. This plate (fig. — )
which occupies obliquely half the segment contains a raised disc somewhat
below its middle, bearing a pair of slightly upcurvcd chitinized processes. On
this plate between and below the prongs are rough granulations. Feet dull

432

white, with pale brown blotches; prolegs dull white, crochets semicircular.
Length of mature larva 16 mm., width (at seg. 6) 275 mm.

"Described from fresh specimens, measurements from alcoholic material.

"Pupa. — Slender, cylindrical, slightly narrowest above middle, color pale
yellowish brown, darker at base of abdominal segments, and very dark brown
at the obliquely truncate cephalic end, which is heavily anned with numerous
little spines. Of these, there is a strong ridge of large ones at the base of each
antenna above, and a smaller group on each shoulder. Brown hairs especially
along dorsal edge of this area and on thorax and abdomen. On lower dorsal
border of segments 4, S and 6 of abdomen is a row of spines pointing obliquely
cephalad, and on the remaining segments is a row pointing obliquely caudad.
Somewhat below the lateral line of each of the spiny segments are other spines
arranged in a row, on segments 4, 5. and 6 few, on the remaining segments
becoming more numerous. Fused leg and wing tips free from body. Length
15-18 mm., width at thorax 2.80 mm.

"Described from alcoholic specimens.

"The larva bores a smooth cylindrical passage in the stem of Baccharis
pihdaris, and the oblique opening can be readily detected by the quantity of
pale-colored frass on the ground below. The galleries may be in the smaller
stems or in the main trunk and at least partly above ground. On tall shrubs
the caterpillar may be found working high up in the stems. Several parallel
passages often occur in one stem, and are usually quite straight and almost
invariably open on the under side of the branch.

"The pupa, which is very active, lies some distance from the bottom of
the gallery, but may move considerably therein. The pupal chamber is not
silk-lined. A short search in winter revealed no pupae of this insect, but half-
grown and nearly mature larvae were plentiful. The larval period, while not
determined, must be of at least a year's duration. Adults were common in June
and in September, The cocoons of a hymenopterous par.isite were found in
two galleries, but no adults have as yet been secured."

We have listed in our notes on the National Museum inatcrial a
specimen of grandis labelled Plummer's Id.. Md., May, but we feel
tliat there must be some error either in our record or in the label.
The family is so imperfectly known, however, that the species may
occur in the southern states and along the east coast.

45. OiDAEMATornoRus suBOCiiRACEUs Walsingliam. PI. XPYII, fig.

8, 9. PI. LIII, fig. 8.
Lioptilus subochraceus Walsingham, Ttcr. Cal. Ore. 53, pi. IIL f. 10, 1880.
tAlucita siibochracca Fcrnald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.
Ptcrophorus subochraceus Fernald, Pter. N. A. 43, 1898 (in part).

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 445.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17. 24. 1913 (in part).

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.

433

Head light brown, whitish between antennae. Antennae whitish. Palpi
very short, oblique, whitish. Thorax and abdomen creamy white, the latter
with a brown dorsal line. Legs whitish, first two pairs infuscated within, the
tarsi ver>' slightly.

Primaries creamy white with bright, but often faint, brown shade from
middle of costa of first lobe to near middle of anterior margin of cell. Base
sometimes with a few brown scales. Veins slightly brownish in paler parts of
wing. Fringes concolorous at their bases, darker at tips. Secondaries and their
fringes almost concolorous. Under surface of primaries slightly tinged with
dull brown, especially near base. E.xpanse 27-33 mm.

Distribution: California. Types from Lake Co., June. We have
a small series from the San Bernardino Mts., July.

The types are in the British Museum and our identification is
based on a specimen compared by Mr. Meyrick. Walsingham's de-
scription and figure are excellent, and the species need not be con-
fused with lactcodactylns, as has been done, nor with anstralis, which
was described as a variety. From the former it is separated by the
absence of marks from the primaries with the exception of the soft
brown shade, and from the latter by the relatively pale under surface
of these wings. The short palpi separate it at once from all related
species when comparison can be made.

We know nothing of the early stages.

46. OiDAEMATOPHORUs suLPHUREODACTYLUs Packard. PI. XLIV, fig.
10. PI. LI II, fig. 9.

Pterophorus sulpliurcodactylus Packard, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. X, 266, 1873.

Femald, Pter. N. A. 44, pi. V, ff. 3. 4, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 445, 1902.

Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M. XXV, 398, 1902. (Biol.).

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
XLioptilus sulphurcus Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 48, pi. U\, f. 7, 1880
i.Alucita sulphurcodactyla Femald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.
tPterophorus stilphtireidactylus Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars. 17, 24, 1913.
Head pale yellow. Antennae whitish with a few brown dots above near
base. Palpi white with a brown outer line from tip to near base of second
joint; long, slender, second joint thicker at tip than base of third, third almost
as long as second, oblique. Legs white, femora yellow ; first two pairs striped
with brown excepting tarsi. Spurs long. Thorax and abdomen sulphur yel-
low, the latter with a faint brown dorsal line.

Primaries sulphur yellow with a small brown spot contiguous to base of
cleft. Extreme costa whitish darkened with brown scales from base almost

434

to cleft and with a small brown dash above base of cleft. These costal marks
are not at all conspicuous. First lobe with brown dots well before apex on both
margins. Second sometimes with a few brown scales on veins. Fringes tawny
gray. Secondaries and their fringes brownish gray, much darker in appearance
than primaries. Expanse 24-28 mm.

Distribution: Type locality Goose Lake, Siskiyou Co., Cal., July.
We have a long scries from Loma Linda, San Bernardino Co., Cal.,
and a single specimen from Golden, Colo., all July, and the species
is in the National Museum from Mont, and N. M.

There are six types in the Cambridge Museum, one S and hve
without abdomens.

The long palpi, large size and distinctly yellow primaries of this
species render it very distinct, but the fact that the costal marks are
inconspicuous may be rather misleading in placing it in the proper
category of the key, so we have included it in both of the possible
groups. We have not, however, actually observed specimens which
lack these marks.

The .species has been reared by Dyar, who gives the following
account of the larva:

"Larva. — Thick, flattened, tapering at the ends ; feet normal, slender. Head
rounded, bilobed, the apex under joint 2, mouth projecting; width about 12
mm. ; black, the sutures broadly brown. Body without secondary hairs, the
warts low and diffuse; i with three or four, ii with one hair, these warts some-
what approximate ; iii with several hairs ; a group of six hairs on the subvcntral
fold without wart and a hair posteriorly in line, absent on some segments ; sev-
eral hairs for tubercle vi. Olivaceous green, a broken, broad, sordid white
subdorsal line along warts i and ii with four black dots on each segment
between in a square, becoming black blotches on the posterior segments. Wart
iii pale; spiracles black; skin finely dark granular; cervical shield blackish, hairy;
thoracic feet black, the abdominal ones pale. Hair white, minutely glandular
tipped; segments obscurely 2-annulate ; a black impressed lateral dot in the
middle of the segment.

"The larvae were found webbing up the young heads of a wild sunflower,
Helianthtis pumilus, and feeding within the spun mass. They occurred on the
foot hills near Boulder Creek Canyon (Colo.). Spun among dead leaves;
emerged June 10."

47. OiDAEMATOPHORus SERENus Meyrick. PI. XLIV, fig. IL PI.

LH, fig. 13.
Pterophcrus screnus Meyrick, Exot. Microlep. I, 113, 1913.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars. 17, 26, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.

435

Head broadly cream-white between antennae, elsewhere more or less
brownish. Antennae white. Palpi whitish, long, slender, third joint almost as
long as second but with its base hidden by the prominent terminal scales of
the second; outer end of second and entire length of third with a brownish
gray stripe outside. The palpi are much like those of sulphurcodactylus. Legs
ochreous whitish, first two pairs suffused with gray-brown on one side. Spurs
moderate. Thorax and abdomen pale yellowish, the latter with two subdorsal
pure white stripes, visible only in clean specimens, and a slender brown dorsal
stripe.

Primaries whitish to creamy or yellowish on inner margin, blending into
a deeper dull yellowish suffused with a light gray-brown shade in the costal
region ; immaculate. Fringes concolorous. Secondaries and fringes gray brown,
usually contrastingly dark but occasionally rather light in color. Expanse, 23-35
mm., usually not less than 27 mm.

Distribution: Type locality Gallinas Canyon. N. M. Ariz, and
N. M. north into Utah and S. Cal., June to Sept.

The general appearance of the primaries of screnits is usually
brownish ochreous, more whitish toward inner margin, but fresh speci-
mens in our series show that the basic ground color is clear yellow,
though of a duller shade than that found in sulphureodactylus. The
white stripes of the abdomen are visible only in specimens which are
free from grease. We have but one specimen which expands as little
as 23 mm., but have no doubt of its identity. Our identification of the
species is based on Mr. Meyrick's comparison with his type.
The life history is unknown.

48. OiDAEMATOPHORUs AUSTR.\Lis Grimiell. PI. XLVI, fig. 20, 21.

PI. LIII, fig. 13.
Pterophorus subochraceus subsp. australis Grinnell, Can. Ent. XL, 318, 1908.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Pterophorus subochraceus Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 24, 1913
(in part).

Head white, faintly darkened above and in front. Antennae and palpi
whitish, the latter not longer than diameter of eye, slender and oblique. Legs
whitish, front and middle tibiae with dark gray-brown stripes. Spurs moder-
ate. Thorax and abdomen yellowish white.

Primaries creamy-whitish along inner margin, usually darkened in the
costal region with a shade of pale ochreous; immaculate; evenly suffused on
under surface with brownish gray. Fringes concolorous. Secondaries and
their fringes whitish, faintly tinged with gray. Expanse 24-30 mm.

Distribution : S. Cal., Utah, Mar., July and Aug. Type locality
Santa Ana R., San Bernardino Mts., Cal.

436

Although described as a subspecies of subochraceiis, australis is
very distinct from that insect, and is readily distinguished by the evenly
gray under surface of the primaries. The absence of gray from the
upper surface of these wings separates it from its nearest ally, costatus.

Nothing is known of the early stages.

49. OlDAEMATOPHORUS COSTATUS n. sp. PI. XLVII, fig. 14. PI. LIII,
fig. 10, 11.

Head pale grayish-yellow, paler between antennae. Antennae and palpi
more whitish, the latter moderate, slender, oblique, with a dark streak on out-
side of third joint and tip of second. Thorax and abdomen pale grayish yellow,
the latter with a faint brown dorsal line. Legs similar, the first two pairs,
including tarsi, shaded with gray inside.

Primaries yellowish-white, shaded over all with gray, becoming darker and
more brownish in costal region. Extreme costa pale grayish yellow. Fringes
appro-ximately concolorous. Secondaries and their fringes brownish gray,
neither conspicuously darker nor paler than primaries. Expanse 30-33 mm.

Described from seven specimens from the Monachee Meadows, Tulare
Co., Cal., 8000 ft., July 8-14.

Holotype S , allotype and 3 paratypcs, 1 (J & 2 9 , coll. Barnes.

Paratype 9 U. S. N. M. No. 23481.

Paratype 9 coll. Meyrick.

We have also a specimen from Vineyard, Utah, taken in August.

Costatus is very closely related to australis, and we are unable to
find superficial characters to separate it with the exception of the
grayish primaries, generally darker color, and the stripe on the palpi.
Our series is not sufficient to indicate whether or not pale specimens
occur which might be confused with Grinnell's species. The genitalia
offer an ultimate character in the form of the right valve.

50. OlDAEMATOPHORUS FALSUS n. Sp. PI. XLVI, fig. 17. PI. LIV,

fig. 7.

Entirely chalky white. Palpi rather long, slender, oblique. Primaries with
a faint brownish shade in the costal region and sometimes with the entire sur-
face underlain with brownish gray, rarely dark. Secondaries tinned with
brownish gray, rather dark in the darker examples. All fringes concolorous.
Expanse 22-25.5 mm.

Described from three specimens from Ariz.

Holotype 5 , Tucson, and allotype, Christmas, Gila Co., coll. Barnes.

Paratype 3, Christmas, Gila Co., U. S. N. M. No. 23482.

We have also two specimens in rather poor condition from Yuma
Co., one dated March, the two others from Christmas. The Yuma

437

Co. specimens are much the darkest, hut the holotype shows the grayish
underlying shade on the primaries with sufficient distinctness to con-
nect the three, and in its genitalia agrees with the paratype from
Christmas. The species is unlike any other known to us. Its life
history has not been worked out.

51. OlDAEMATOPHORUS V.SRIUS n. sp. PI. XLVI, fig. 16. PI. LII.

fig. 11.

Head whitish, faintly touched with brown above. Antennae white usually
vaguely brown dotted above. Palpi white with a few dark scales on outside
of second joint, moderate, slender, oblique. Legs white, the first two pairs
striped with dark brown and the hind pair shaded lightly on one side with
grayish. Thorax and abdomen white.

Primaries soft, pale, brownish gray with a variably heavy white overscal-
ing which is slightly thinner on the costa and often appears to be confined t"
the spaces between the veins on the lobes so that the veins appear to be dark-
lined. Fresh specimens show a rather definite band of the white scales entirely
around the cleft. Extreme costa darker in basal half. Fringes and secondaries
concolorous but without wdiite scales. Expanse 19-23 mm.

Type series seven specimens from San Diego, Cal., Apr. to Aug. and one
paratype $ from Palm Springs, Riverside Co., Cal., Mar.

Holotype $, allotype and 4 paratypes, iS , \ 9, coll. Barnes.

Paratype $ U. S. N. M. No. 23485.

Paratype S coll. Meyrick.

We also have specimens from Moliave Co.. Ariz., Sept., and Red-
ington, Ariz.

Varhis does not impress us as a species which is likely to be mixed
readily with falsus, but it is difficult to select definite and conspicuous
characters to distinguish the two. In general falsus is much stouter
in appearance, and we have seen no specimens in which the costa of
the primaries was darkened toward the base nor the antennae dotted
above. The latter is not always true of varius. but the former appears
to be; both characters are very obscure.

We have no notes on the early stages.

52. C)iDAEMATorHORUS coRVUs n. sp. PI. XLII, fig. 17, 18. PI. LIV,

fig. 8.

Head brown, narrowly pale yellow between antennae. Antennae whitish,
dotted with brown above. Palpi moderate, slender, oblique, yellowish white
with a brown outer line. Legs yellowish white, the first two pairs gray-brown
on one side and the hind pair variably shaded in the darker specimens. Thorax
and abdomen pale yellow to very pale grayish yellow, the latter with a fine

438

light brown dorsal line and unusually short, scarcely longer than third feather
of secondaries. Thorax yellowish in front in darker specimens and slightly
brownish above in the lighter ones.

Primaries clear pale yellow in the lightest specimens, with some brown
scales near base, sometimes a small brown dot a short distance before base of
cleft, and sometimes a brown subcostal shade which meets the costa in the first
lobe. In the type series these wings have a pale yellowish or grayish yellow
costal band from base to a point opposite base of cleft, in which the
extreme costal margin bears some brown scales. Behind this the entire wing
is clothed with brownish gray mixed with very pale yellowish scales, becoming
more whitish toward inner margin. The spot before the cleft is faintly marked,
continued slightly toward costa to form a transverse shade. Costal fringes
on first lobe yellowish, others dark grayish. Secondaries and their fringes
brownish gray, in the pale specimens appearing dark in contrast to the yellow
primaries. Expanse 17-20 mm.

Holotype, allotype and 11 paratypes, 6 <J 5 9 , from Tuolumne Meadows,
Tuolumne Co., Cal., July and Aug. and 7 paratypes, S, Deer Park Springs,
Lake Tahoe, Cal., June and July. Of the first lot there are a paratype S in
the Fernald collection and 2 paratypes, S and 9 , U. S. N. M., No. 23483. Of
the second one paratype is in the Cambridge Museum and one in coll. Meyrick.
The remaining types are in coll. Barnes.

We have also specimens from Colo., Sept., Wash., July, and B. C,
July and August.

The Hfe history is unknown.

53. OlDAEMATOPHORUS I'ERDITUS n. sp. PI. XLVI, fig. 19. Pi. LTI,

fig. 10.

Head dark brown, yellowish white between antennae. Antennae dark
with a slender line of whitish above. Palpi very slender, moderately long,
oblique, whitish. Legs whitish, the first two pairs brownish gray within ex-
cept toward end of tarsi. Thorax pale yellowish white, the patagia touched
with light brown. Abdomen similar to thorax, witli some gray scales, and
apparently a faint brown dorsal stripe.

Costa of primaries very narrowly yellowish, sometimes obscured toward
base. Just inside of this line the wing is brownish gray, becoming gradually
paler toward inner margin with an increasing admixture of whitish scales.
Veins sometimes darker in second lobe. Fringes brownish gray with paler bases,
on costa yellowish. Secondaries and their fringes brownish gray. Expan'^e
19-25 mm.

Types from Chiumey Gulch, Golden, Colo., Aug. (Oslar).

Holot.\pe (? , allotype and one paratype 9 coll. Barnes.

Paratype 9 U. S. N. M. No. 23484.

We have also a single specimen each from Lonia Linda, San
Bernardino Co., Mar., and San Diego, Cal., Apr., and a small series

439

from Claremont, Cal. The last is part of a good series fotiiiil in the
National Museum material, for which we are indebted to the Museum
authorities.

Perditus in a general way resembles corvus, but the pale costal
line is not interrupted above the base of the cleft, there is no spot
before the cleft, and the abdomen is of normal length. It is also
similar to costatns but so much smaller that it is very easily disting-
guished. The genitalia are distinctive.

The life history is imknown to us.

54. OiDAEMATOPHORUS INCONDITUS Walsingham. PI. XLVI, fig. 24.

PI. LII, fig. 6.
Lioptilus inconditiis Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 44, pi. Ill, f. 5, 1880.
tAluciia incondiia Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.
Pterophonis inconditus Fcmald, Pter. N. A. 47, 1898.
Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. U. 446, 1902.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 24, \9\i.
Barnes & McDiinnough, Check List 151, 1917.

Head pale brownish above and in front, broadly wliitish between antennae.
Palpi moderately long, oblique, very slender, whitish. Antennae whitish. Legs
wliitish, the first two pairs shaded with gray-brown inside.

Primaries yellowish white to very pale brownish gray, always with a darker
shade of a more or less brownish color in the costal region. This shade is
usually, however, inconspicuous. The veins in the second lobe are often slightly
darker than the ground color. Fringes and secondaries very pale brownish
gray. Expanse 14-22 mm.

Distribution : S. Tex. and Ariz, north into Utah and Cal., Mar.,
May, July, Aug., Oct. Type locality Mendocino Co., Cal., May.

We are rather doubtful of this species as we limit it here, but
are unable to divide it satisfactorily either by superficial characters or
genitalia. We sent Meyrick a rather yellowish specimen, and he re-
turned it with the note: "probably not correct, but there is little to go
by, your example being worn ; it is rather larger than the two types
(which are in very good order), segiuents of forewings apparently
narrower and more pointed, tone of forewings yellower and less
grayish ; true inconditus is very uniform and dull-coloured, wings
shorter-looking." Later we were able to compare the paratype 9
in the Fernald collection with our entire series. Judging by Meyrick's
note, this paratype does not dififer from the types in the British Mu-
seum, and we are able to check the points which he mentions, but

440

still quite unable to divide our series in a satisfactory way. We must
therefore leave the species as a small, variable, pale coloured Oidac-
matophorus, without strict definition. The larger specimens are from
Utah, and approach caudclli Dyar, but lack the prominently dark-lined
veins in the lobes of the primaries.
The life history is unknown.

55. OiDAEMATOPiiORus uNicoLOR Barnes & McDunnough. PI. XLII,
fig. 19.

Pterophorus unicolor Barnes & McDunnough, Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A. II,
185, pi. I, f. 8, 1913.
Id., Check List 151, 1917.
Grossbeck, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. XXXVII 136, 1917.

The species is still known only from the unique type 9 , so we reproduce
the original description and notes.

"Primaries pale straw-color, immaculate, slightly tinged with smoky along
terminal margins of lobes ; first lobe pointed, second lobe rather broad with
well defined upper angle. Secondaries pale smoky with lighter silky fringes.
Beneath, smoky. Legs pale ochreous, first two pairs blackish inwardly. Ex-
panse 14 mm.

"Habitat. Marco, Fla. (Apr. 24-30). 1 9. Type, Coll. Barnes.

"From several larvae, found boring in the stems of the Eupalorium species
above referred to, we succeeded in breeding this single specimen."

We would call attention to the fact that the type has a brown
head with a whitish patch between the antennae, and that vein Rj, and
all of those in the second lobe of the priinaries are distinctly marked
vvitli smoky brown, most heavily in the outer margin. The thorax
and abdomen are pale yellowisli white, the latter with a dorsal and
several ventral and lateral brown stripes. We associate with the
type a single other 9 from St. Petersburg, Fla., Oct., whose expanse
is 19 mm., but we are not at all certain of the identity of this specimen.

56. OiD.\EjrATOPiiORus cAUDELLi Dyar. PI. XLVI, fig. 23. PI. I. Ill,
fig. 3.

Pterophorus caudclli Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. V, 228, 1903.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 24, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Head light brown, yellowish white between the antennae. Palpi moderate,
oblique, whitish, slender. Antetmae whitish. Legs whitish, the first two pairs
shaded with fuscous inside; tibiae of hind legs slightly shaded outside. Thorax
and abdomen yellowish white. Abdomen apparently with a few faint brown
stripes. We have few specimens in which these can be observed.

441

Primaries yellowish white with a li.uht brown or gray brown subcostal
shade. Wins in paler areas marked with a similar color. Fringes concolorous.
Under surface mostly gray-brown, but with the lobes as above, with dark veins.
Secondaries and their fringes pale brownish gray. Expanse 20-27 mm.

Distribution: Type locality Williams, Ariz. Miss, to Ariz., north
into S. Cal. and Utah, Mar. to May, July, Sept.

Like the related species, caudelli seems to be poorly defined. We
have only a small series, but it includes a very considerable range of
variation in depth of color and prominence of markings. A specimen
from Jemez Springs, N. M., is very close to the type, which we have
examined, but two others from the same lot diverge, and our Utah
specimens approach auslralis Grin. The genitalia differ from that
species, and also from those of catalinac Grinnell (agraphodactylus
Auct. ? Walk.) with which caudelli seems also to intergrade in ap-
pearance. Unicolor B. & McD. may be based on a dwarfed specimen
of caudelli, but the type and one other 9 which we refer tentatively
to that species have the abdomen more distinctly striped than the series
which we are calling caudelli.

The life history is unknown.

57. OiDAEMATOPHORUS CATALiN.^E Grinnell. PI. XLVI, fig. 22. PI.

LIII, fig. 2.
fLioptihts agraphodactylKs Walsingham (? Walker"), Pter. Cal. Ore. 46, pi. Ill,

f. 6, 1880.
tAlucita agrafhodactyla Feniald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 1891.
^Pterophorus agrapliodactylus Fernald, Pter. N. A. 47, 1898.

Id.. Buil. 52 U. S."n. M. 445, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910 (in part).

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 24, 1913 (in part).

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Ptcrophonis catalinae Grinnell, Can. Ent. XL, 319, 1908.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 26, 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
This species is so nearly the counterpart of caudelli that a description
would be mere repetition. We have only six specimens. These average a little
larger than caudelli and are slightly more yellow, with the brown subcostal
shade running back to about the middle of the base of the wing. Just within
the co.stal margin of this shade is a slender line of ground color along the mar-
gin of the cell. \\'e should hesitate to regard the two species as distinct but
for the fact that the male genitalia differ conspicuously. Our series expands
25-27 mm., the t>-pe 28 mm.

442

Distribution : Typie locality Avalon, Santa Catalina Id., Sept. In
coll. Barnes S. Cal., June Aug. Walsinghain recorded it from S. Ore-
gon, May.

Our data may be regarded as insufficient for dropping agrapho-
dactylus from our fauna, and this very probably should not be done.
We believe, however, that this name is likely to apply to caudelli,
rather than to the Californian form, and since we cannot settle the
question we prefer to use names of which we can be certain. We
submitted a specimen of catalinae to Meyrick as agraphodactyliis, and
received the following note in reply. "May be correct, but the type
is in poor condition and wanting in definite characters ; I think it may
be accepted as reasonably likely." The examination of genitalia of
West Indian males should settle the question satisfactorily; consid-
eration of superficial characters certainly will not do so, since the
type is poor and we are acquainted with two almost indistinguishable
species of this immediate group. Grinnell's type is in excellent con-
dition, and is a very well marked example of our west coast species.

58. OlDAEMATOPHORUS ARION n. sp. PI. XLVI, fig. 18. PI. LIV,

fig. 3.

Head, thorax and abdomen evenly dotted with brownish gray and white
scales. Abdomen with single blackish dorsal dots in hind margins of segments.
Antennae with gray-brown and white scales, finely banded. Palpi slender, mod-
erate, drooping in the type but probably oblique in nature; white with gray-
Lrov.n scales outside. Legs whitish, shaded on one side with fuscous, the
hind pair lightly. Tarsi very slenderly dark-annulate at tips of joints.

Costal margin of primaries dark brownish gray, lighter outward with a
heavy spot beyond base of cleft. Remainder of wing lighter brownish gray
with a superficial vestiture of white scales. There is a small dark dot in the
cell and a larger, but still inconspicuous one before the cleft, not touching base
of cleft. A few scattered dark scales near inner margin. Fringes rather darker
than wing, darkest in cleft, cut by a few white hairs and tufts especially on
outer margin of second lobe. Secondaries light brownish gray, fringes concol-
orous. Expanse 22.5 mm.

Holotype $, Palmeriee, Cochise Co., Ariz., coll. Barnes.

We associate with this specimen, with some doubt, a single fe-
male from Silverton, Colo., July. This 9 agrees with the type in
most features but the primaries are whiter, with rather plentiful dark
irroration streaking them. We should hesitate to name the one speci-
men Init for the peculiar and distinct genitalia. The more salient
superficial features are the rather narrow primaries, even color, and

443

absence of a pale patch between the antennae. The species may be-
long nearer to the head of the genus with gricscscetis, but it seems to
us to show some relationship with monodactylus; rather remote, it is
true.

59. OiDAEMATOPHORus MONODACTYLUS Linnaeus. PI. XLVI, tig.
13, 14, 15. PI. LIV, fig. 13.

Alucita monodactyla Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. Ed. X, 542, 1758.

Femald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 87, 189L

Meyrick, Handbook 439, 1895.
^Alucita ptcrodactyla Huebner (not Linn.), Samml. Eur. Sctimett. pi. I, t. 4,

1823.
Ptcrofhorus cincridactylus Fitch, Trans. N. Y. Agr, Soc. XIV, 848, 1854.

Id., 1st Kept. Em. N. Y. 144. 1854.

Morris, Cat. Lep. N. A. 54, 1860.

Walker, List Lep. Ins. B. M. XXX, 940, 1864.
Pterophorus naevosidactylus Fitch, Trans. N. Y. Agr. Soc. XIV, 849, 1854

Id., 1st Rept. Ent. N. Y. 145, 1854.

Morris, Cat. Lep. N. A. 54, 1860.

Walker, List Lep. Ins. B. M. XXX, 940, 1864.
Pterophorus pcrgracilidactylus Packard, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. X, 265, 1873.
tPterophorus monodactylus Zeller, Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien. XXIII, 326, 1873.

Id., op. cit. XXV, 355, 1875.

Walsingham, Pter. Cal. Ore. 39, pi. II, f. 16, pi. Ill, f. 1, 1880.

Dimmock, Psyche III, 390, 403, 1882.

Hy. Edwards, Bull. 35 U. S. N. M. 137, 1889.

Hofmann, Deutsch. Pter. 157, 1895 (biol.).

Fernald. Pter. N. A. 51, pi. I, pi. II, ff. 3. 4; pi. VII, ff. 1-5, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 446, 1902.

Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. V, 228, 1903.

B. C. Ent. Soc. Check List 43, 1906.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 17, 1910.

Winn, List Ins. Que. 86, 1912.

Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 26, 1913.

Walsingham, Biol. Cent. Am., Lep. Het. IV, 442, 1915.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.

Grossbeck. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. XXXVII, 135, 1917.
Pterophorus monodactyla Tutt, Pter. Brit. Ill, 1896.
Pterophorus barbcri Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. V, 228, 1903.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 16, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 24, 1913.

Banies & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
Emmelina monodactyla Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 37, 1905.

444

I'IcroI'liorus pkiipennis Grinncll. Can. Ent. XL, 320, 1908.
Meyrick, Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 25, 1913.
Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917

Head very dark brown above, slightly paler in front, nnicli paler between
antennae, whose bases are sometimes connected in front of this pale area with
a white line. Antennae whitish with brown dots above, sometimes almost com-
pletely dark. Palpi small, obliqne, whitish, darkened at tips. Thorax white,
yellow, tawny, gray, cinnamon or dark brown. Abdomen more or less brown-
ish or grayish, with some dark streaks and dashes, and a narrow dorsal stripe,
concolorous with thorax, which widens anteriorly and is sometimes margined
with white toward its junction with the thorax. The only features of the legs
which need be noted are the slender tufts of the front and middle tibiae and
the crest of scales which is usually present on the upper surface of the hind
tarsi.

The primaries are narrow, as noted ia the key, but have unusually long
fringes at the anal angle of the second lobe. The longest of these exceed the
width of the lobe. The color of these wings is extremely variable. We have
specimens whicli are yellowish tawnj-, and others gray or whitish with a few-
brown scales, cinnamon, and various mixtures of these colors. The costa may
have a blackish spot well out toward middle of first lobe, and in the less grayish
examples is sprinkled from base to opposite cleft with black and white. There
is a Mack spot before liase of cleft sometimes extended to it, a dot in cell, some
at tips of veins in both lobes, and some black scales streaking the wing, at
least near inner margin. Secondaries and fringes of both wings brownish gray.
Expanse 21-27 mm.

Distribution: Europe, N. Africa and Asia. N. America from
.'\llanlic to I'acific and from Alexico into southern (_'anada. March
to Novemlier, even in the northern ]iart of its range.

The brief Euroijean sj'nonyniy is taken from ]\Ieyrick'.s writings.
The tyjies of cincridactylns and nacz'osidactylus are in tlie Fernald
collection, of pcrgyacilidactyliis in the ("ambridge IMuseum. of bai-bcri
in the National IMuseum and of ['ictipeiDiis in the Southwest Museum.
We have examined all of these types, and (ind the first three to be the
grav form and the last two ratlier brownish tawny. The type of
harbcri ha>- no crests on the hind tibiae, but in our series of over a
hundred specimens we find this crest in all stages of development.

The sjiecies has been reared bv numerous entomologists on this
continent, liut we are forced to reproduce Tutt's descriptions of the
larva and pupa, which he quotes from TVirrilt and South, as indicated.
The recorded food plants knovvU to us are Coirrol:iiliis scpiiiiii. ar-
'i'riisis, major, tricolor. CIiriio[^odiiiin alhiiin. .Itri[>lc.r patiilu. Cdllidia
Tiihjaris. Ipoiiiocii piirpiirra and Rii patoritiiii purptireuni.

445

Larva : "Length, when at rest, about five-eighths of an inch, and stout in
proportion. Head, pohshed and rather small, narrower than the second seg-
ment. Body uniform and cylindrical, tapering a little posteriorly. Segmental
divisions, well defined and deeply cut ventrally ; each tubercle emits a tuft of
short but rather strong hairs. Ground colour, bright yellowish-green, more
decidedly green on the back; head, pale yellow; the mandibles light brown.
A fine but clear yellowish-white line forms the dorsal stripe; there is a much
broader stripe of the same colour along the spiracular region, and the space
between it and the spiracles is speckled with streaks and spots of the same
colour. Spiracles black, hairs greyish. Ventral surface, legs and pro-legs
uniformly pale green." (Porritt, Entomologist XV, 90, 91.)

Pupa: "Green at first, afterwards pale dingy-brown, more or less suf-
fused with reddish-brown along the dorsal area. Dorsal and lateral lines in-
ternipted, blackish-brown; warts and hairs as in the larva except that some
of the dorsal series are blackish. Head flattened, marked with brown, and
thickly covered with short hairs. Wing-cases yellowish-green, faintly streaked
with brown. Attached by anal segment to stem of food plant or other object
near." (South, Entomologist XVHI, 277.)

60. OiDAEMATOPHORUs LONGiFRONS Walsingham. PI. XLVII, fig. 15.

PI. LIV, fig. 11.
Ptcrol>horus longifrons Walsingham, Biol. Cent. Am., Lep. Het. IV, 448, 1915.

Head clothed with white tipped gray scales. Frontal tuft long, conical.
There is no frontal prominence within the tuft. Antennae whitish. Palpi
long, porrect, about as long as entire head, including tuft, and exceeding front
by about length of head: grayish, second joint with rather thick vestiture above.
Fore and middle legs white, shaded with brownish gray inside and at tips of tar-
sal joints. Third pair whitish, lightly shaded with brownish gray. Thorax
anteriorly clothed with white tipped, very pale grayish scales, posteriorly with
a heavy Y-shaped mark outlined in white, the intermediate space gray-brown.
Abdomen brownish gray with the white margins of the Y continued as a broad
whitish dorsal stripe containing three gray brown lines, the central one with
blackish dots in the posterior margins of the segments. Both lees and abdomen
are very long and slender.

Primaries grayish on costa, becoming brownish on inner margin, with
scattered black and a few white scales. Continuing from the pale front part
of the thorax there is a whitish basal streak. Above base of cleft a whitish
costal mark faintly relieves a dark spot following it. There is a black dot near
middle of cell, a faint dark spot or a few pale scales at base of cleft in some
specimens, and occasionally a few obscure black dots at tips of veins in first
lobe. Secondaries and all fringes gray-brown. Expanse 25-28 mm.

Distribution: Mexico. Texas, Mar.; Ariz., June; S. Cal. Sept.

We have fourteen specimens of this species from the states men-
tioned. Among them we find two forms of genitaha, hut we arc
utterly unable to divide the series by superficial characters, and since

U6

we have no way of deterniiniiig the genitahc structure of true longi-
frons we prefer to assume, for the present, that this difference is
possibly only a variation within the species. We should hardly expect
this, but the difference lies in the length of the right harpe only, so
the assumption is reasonable. We have made five slides without
finding an intermediate, and therefore figure both forms.

The unique type of longifrons was taken at Omilteme, Guerrero,
Mexico, in July. It is a male, but the abdomen is broken so the
form of the genitalia of the species must be decided from topotypical
material. Mr. Meyrick compared one of our specimens with the type
and pronounced it correctly identified.

The early stages are unknown.

Genus Agdistis Huebner
Haplotype Ahicita adactyla FIbn.

Aydislis Huebner, Verz. l.ek. Sdimett. 429, 1826.

Zeller, Linn. Ent. VI, 321, 1852.

Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 486, 1890.

Tun, Pter. Brit. 14, 1891.

Meyrick, Handbook 441, 1895.

Hofmann, Dcutsch. Pter. 47, 50, 1895.

Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVH, 35, 1905.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. C, 20, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 31. 1913.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 151, 1917.
AdiUtylus Curtis, Brit. Ent., Lep. H, 471, 1833. Orthotype adactyla.

Tutt. Ent. Rec. XVII, 35, 1905. Pseudotype bcnncttii Curt.
%Agdistcs VVestwood, Gen. Syn. 115, 1840. Orthotype bcnncttii
tAdactyla Zeller, Isis X, 771, 1841.

Erncstia Tutt, Brit. Lep. V, 128, 1906. Orthotype leriiiciisis Mill.
Hcrbcrtia Tutt, op. cit. 129. Orthotype tamaricis Zell.

Front prominent, sniootlily rounded. Ocelli present. Palpi moderate,
upturned; second joint with loose vestiture of long scales; third small, ovoid.
Primaries entire ; Cu., from near angle of cell, M,^ and Cu^ stalked, M._, to Rg
free, discocellulars obsolete (R, lo R^ approximate or connate in other faunae
according to Meyrick). Secondaries entire, outer margin sinuate; under sur-
face -with pecten of black scales over the usual row of black scales on cubital
stem; Cu., from middle of cell, Cu, well before end of cell, discocellulars and
one median faintly indicated, M,, strong, one radial and S C near costa, R to
apex and S C to costa just before apex. Two anals present, obsolescent. (See
pi. XLVIII, fig. 10.)

44T

The entire wings segregate our single species of Agdistis so con-
spicnously that no other characters are needed for its identification.
The neuration differs in several particulars from that of the genotype.

1. Agdistis Americana n. sp. PI. XLII, fig. 20. PI. Lit, fig. 16.

iAgdistis adactyla Dyar (Not Hbn.), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. X, 60, 1908.
Barnes & McDiinnough, Check List 151, 1917.

Vestiture of head and body of whitish and brownish gray scales, under
parts overlaid with white. Abdomen with paired dorsal dots on posterior
margins of segments. Legs concolorous, more or less whitish on one side ;
spurs short.

Primaries with a gray brown, thinly scaled, subtriangular area beginning
at basal third of cell and extending to outer margin with limits of cell con-
tinued in a sharp line equidistant from inner and costal margins respectively
as its boundaries. Remainder of wing with mixed whitish and fuscous scales.
There is usually a fuscous spot at apex of thinly scaled triangle, two dots on
its hind margin, and several spots in the apical portion of the costa. Fringes
grayish white with a dark median line. Secondaries and their fringes similar
to triangle, sometimes with a slight "pepper-and-salt" area on outer margin.
Fringes with a faint dark line. Expanse 24 mm.

The male genitalia are abundantly distinct from those of the European
adactyla Hbn.

Described from a long series from San Diego, Cal., taken by Messrs. W.
S. Wright and Geo. H. Field, in every month from March to August. The
types are as follows :

Holoti-pe $ , allotype, and 8 paratypes S in coll. Barnes.

Paratype i and paratype 9 U. S. N. M. No. 23486.

S paratypes $ , coll. W. S. Wright.

The greater part of our series is from the collection of W. D.
Kearfott, who recognized the distinctness of the species and labelled
a type series with the name which we now adopt. We have but one
specimen of adactyla, a male, which differs from the American species
in its more brownish color, more conspicuously white costal fringes
on the primaries and u'hite hind tarsi (four distal joints only). The
genitalia, as noted, are much different.

The species has apparently not been reared.

448

FAMILY ALUCITIDAE

Pbahicnac alucitac Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. X, I, 542, 1758 (in part).

Ri[iidophorae Huebner, Tentamen, 1806.

Ptcrophorites Latreille, Consid. Gen. 370, 1810 (in part).

Aluciladac Samouelle, Ent. Comp. 255, 1819 (in part).

Ahicitae Huebner, Verz. bek. Sclimett. 428, 1825 (in part, Multifidae).

Alucitidac Stephens, Cat. Brit. Ins. II, 229, 1829 (in part).

Westwood, Mod. Class. Ins. II, 413, 1840 (in part).
Alucitina Zeller, Isis X, 865, 1841.

Wallengren, Skand. Fjad. 1859.

Tutt, Pter. Brit. 155, 1896.
Orncoditcs Duponchel, Cat. Meth. 384, 1845.
Onicodidae Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 483, 1890.

Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 88, 1891.

Meyrick, Handbook 441, 1895.

Fernald, Pter. N. A. 61, 1898.

Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 448, 1902.

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. CVIII, 1910.

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 40, 1913.

Fracker, Class, Lep. Larvae 94, 1915.

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 152, 1917.
Ocelli present. Proboscis well developed. Maxillary palpi not developed
in our species. Labial palpi strong. Both primaries and secondaries deeply
cleft into six "feathers" each. One vein runs to the tip of each lobe. In
the primaries we regard these as R„, R., M.,, Cu^, Cu^, and A. S C and R, are
also present, but short. In the secondaries the veins are probably Rj, R., M^,
Cu , Cu., and A. S C is present but short. The under surface of the second-
aries lacks the black scales which occur in the Pterophoridae, and the legs are
of normal length; spurs as in Ptcrophoridac.

The family includes four genera, of which only one is represented in our
fauna.

Genus Alucita Linnaeus
Logotype Alucita hcxadactyla Linn.

Alucita. Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. Ed. X, I, 542, 1758.

Curtis, Brit. Ent., Lep. II, 695, 1838. Fixes type.

Wallengren, Skand. Fjad. 23, 1859.

Tutt, Pter. Brit. 157, 1896.
Oriicodcs Latreille, Precis Car. Ins. 148, 1796. Logotype hcxadactyla.

Id., Consid. Gen. 442, 1810. Fixes type.

Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 490, 1890.

Fernald, Smith's List Lep. N. A. 88, 1891.

449

Meyrick, Handbook 442, 1895.
Fernald, Pter, N. A. 61, 1898.
Id., Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 448, 1902.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. CVIII, 2, 1910.
Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17, 40. 1913.
Bames & McDunnough, Check List 152, 1917.
liuchiradia Huebner, \'erz. bek. Schmett. 431, 1825. Logotype hcxndactyla.
Tutt, Ent. Rec. XVII, 35, 1905.
Meyrick, Gen. Ins. CVIII, 2, 1910. Fixes type (under Orncodcs).

Characters of the family.

The European writers on whose work the former usage of this
genus was based, accepted the restriction to pentadactylus by Poda.
This is not in accordance with the International Rules. The earliest
actual designation of a type which is validated by these rules, is that
of Curtis. We accept this fixation.

Only one species has been taken in North America.

L Alucit.\ MONTANA Cockerell. PI. XLII, fig. 2\. PI. LIV, tig. 10.

^Atucita hcxadaclyta Walsingham (not Linn.), Pter. Cal. Ore. 66, pl. Ill, f. lo,
1880. "

Cockerell, Ent. Mo. Mag. XXV, 213, 1889.
Alucita moHtana Cockerell, Ent. Mo. Mag. XXV, 213, 1889.
Orncodcs hcxadactyla Fernald (not Liini.), List Lep. N. A. 88, 1891.

Comstock. Manna! 238, 1895.

Fernald, Pter, N. A. 62, 1898 (in part).

Dyar, Ent. Rec. XI, 140, pl. I, f. 6, 1899.

Fernald, Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 448, 1902 (in part).

Houghton, Ent. News, XIII, 89, 1902.

Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M. XXVII, 924, 1904 (biol.).

Meyrick, Gen. Ins. CVIII. 3, 1910 (in part).

Id., Wagner's Lep. Cat. pars 17. 42, 1913 (in part).

Barnes & McDunnough, Check List 152, 1917.
Palpi with second joint heavily sealed, rather triangular, truncate, white
aliove and below, Iirown on si<les. Third upturned, long, slender, brown with
white tip and base. Abdomen brown, each segment with white posterior mar-
gin. Head, antennae and thorax brown.

The primaries of this specie.s are crossed b.\ a wide median band, margined
narrowly with wliife, which forks on the first two lobes. Tliere is another band
nearer the liase on t!u- first lobe which is not distinctly marked elsewhere, and
an additional subtermina! band which is narrower on the first two lobes. Be-
tween this and the median band there is a heavy costal spot which does not
reach the inner margin of the first lolie. All of these marks are margined with
white. The ground color is grayish tawny and the marks ver>- dark brown,
as also are the tips of the lobes. Secondaries checkered with dark brown,

450

tawny and white. Fringes of both wings concolorous with the contiguous
parts. Expanse 11-16 mm.

Distribution : Type locality Custer Co., Colo. Ariz, to Van-
couver Is., east to Out. and N. Y., Mar., Apr., June, July.

We have a single specimen of hexadactyla kindly supplied by
Mr. Busck from the Hofmann collection in the National Museum.
This specimen is much lighter and more ochreous in general appear-
ance than our large series of the North American species, and entirely
lacks pure white scales. It is otherwise closely related. The genitalia
show enough differences, we believe, to warrant the retention of
moniana as a good species, though they are of the same general form
The gnathos is more spatulate in hexadactyla, the uncus in our one
slide appears to be notched, but without the two small processes which
are found in montana, and the basal processes on the claspers are much
more blunt.

Under the name hexadactyla Dr. Dyar published a few notes
(Proc. U. S. N. M. XXVII. 924) which indicate that the larva prob-
ably mines the leaves of snowberry (Syniphoricarpos spp.). The Euro-
pean hexadactyla lives in the flowers of honeysuckle {Loniccra).

The following terms and signs, taken from Van Duzee's "Catalogue of
the Hemiptera," are used in this work:
Types of genera are designated as :

Orthotype : type by original designation.

Haplotype: type by single reference (only included species).

Logotype : type by subsequent designation.

P.scudotype : erroneous type designation.
II signifies preoccupied names.
t signifies names cited in error.
t signifies emendations.
§ signifies clerical errors.

451

The figures on plates XLI to XLVII inclusive are three times
natural size.

In drawing the figures of neuration on plate XLVII I various
scales were used to give figures of the same size.

All figures of genitalia, plates XLIX to LIV inclusive, are ap-
proximately seventeen times natural size.

452

PLATE XLI

1. Trichoptilus dejectalis Wlk. Chokoloskee, Fla.

2. Trichoptilus lobidaclylus Fitch. Meach Lake, Ottawa Co., Que.

3. Trichoptilus catiforiiicus VVlstn. Lakeland, Fla.

4. Ptcrophorus pcriscclidactylus Fitch. Decatur, III.

5. Ptcrophorus tenuidactylus Fitch. New Brighton, Pa.

6. Ptcrophorus raptor Meyr. Chimney Gulch, Golden, Colo.

7. Ptcrophorus ningoris Wlsm. Deer Park Springs, Lake Tahoe, Cal.

8. Ptcrophorus dclawaricus Zell. Hot Spring.";, Green River, Wash.

9. Platyptilia marmarodactyla Dyar. San Diego, Cal.

10. Platyptilia punctidactyla Haw. Aweme, Man.

11. Platyptilia punctidactyla Haw. Crater Lake, Ore.

12. Platyptilia pica Wlsm. Wellington, B. C.

13. Platyptilia acanthodactyla Hhn. Carmel, Cal.

14. Platyptilia iciltianisii Grin. Alameda Co., Cal.

15. Platyptilia crcmdata B. & McD. St. Petersburg, Fla.

16. Platyptilia Carolina Kft. "Cotype". Black Mts., N. C.

17. Platyptilia tcsseradactyla Linn. New Brighton, Pa.

18. Aciptilia walsinghami Fern. Stockton, Utah.

19. Pselnophorus bclfragei Fish. Fort Myers, Fla.

20. Adaina bipunctatus Moesch. Florida.

21. Adaina zephyria n. sp. Paratype c? . San Diego, Cal.

I'lATK Xl.l

454

PLATE XLII

1. Adatna montana Wlsm. (N. Y. ? Kellicott).

2. Adaina nwntana form declwis Meyr. Colo.

3. Adaina cinerascens Wlsm. Verdi, Nevada.

4. Adaina buscki n. sp. Allotype $ . Cocoanut Grove, Fla.

5. Adaina ambrosiae Murt. Pale form. San Diego, Cal.

6. Adaina ambrosiae Murt. Dark form. Decatur, 111.

7. Marasmarcha pumilio Zell. Essex Co. Pk., N. J.

8. Exelastis cervinicolor B. & McD. Type 9 . Everglade, Fla .

9. Stenoptilia rhynchosiae Dyar. Stemper, Fla.

10. Stenoptilia mengcU Fern. Greenland. (Type lot).

11. Stenoptilia exelamationis Wlsm. Dark form. Silverton, Colo.

12. Stenoptilia parva Wlsm. San Diego, Cal.

13. Stenoptilia pterodactyla Linn. European.

14. Stenoptilia exelamationis Wlsm. Light form.

15. Stenoptilia pallistriga B. & McD. St. Petersburg, Fla.

16. Stenoptilia zophodaetyla Dup. San Diego, Cal.

17. Oidaematophorus corvus n. sp. Pale form. Victoria, B. C.

18. Oidaematophorus eorinis n. sp. Gray form. Paratype 9 . Tuolumne

Meadows, Tuolumne Co., Cal.

19. Oidaematophorus unieolor B.S!. McD. Type 9. Marco, Fla.

20. Acjdistis amerieana n. sp. Paratype S ■ San Diego, Cal.

21. Ahieita montana Ckll. "St. Cruz Mts., Cal."

IV\Ti: XI. I I

456

PLATE XLIII

1.

Platyftili

2.

Ptatyl'tih

3.

Platyptih

4.

Plaiypiih

5.

Platyptih

6.

Platyptih

7.

Platyptih

8.

Platyptih

Cnl.

9.

Platyplil

10.

Platyptit

11.

Platyptih

12.

Platyptih

'a carduidactyla Riley, Decatur, 111.

'a pcrciiodactyla Wlsm. Castle Lake, Siskiyou Co., Cal.

a rhododactyla D. & S. European.

a orthocarpi Wlsm. B. C.

a fragilis Wlsm. Deer Park Springs, Lake Tahoe, Cal.

a albida Wlsm. Monache Meadows, Tulare Co., Cal.

a shastae Wlsm. Shasta Retreat, Siskiyou Co., Cal.

maca n. sp. Paratype 3 . Tuolumne Meadows, Tuolumne Co.,

•a alhidorsella Wlsm. San Diego, Cal.
ij albiciliata Wlsm. Wellington, B. C.
'a albicans Fish. Verdi, Nevada.
o modi-sta Wlsm. Huachuca Mts., Ariz.

I'LATK XMII

458

PLATE XLIV

1. Platyptilia edwardsii Fish. Durham, N. H.

2. Platyptilia auriya n. sp. Paratype 5 . Essex Co. Park, N. J.

3. Platyptilia pallidactyla Haw. Normal. Decatur, 111.

4. Platyptilia pallidactyla Haw. Pale form. Silverton, Colo.

5. Platyptilia xylopsamma Meyr. Stockton, Utah.

6. Platyptilia grandis Wlsm. Shasta Retreat, Siskiyou Co., Cal.

7. Platyptilia petrodactyla Wlk. Dawson, Alaska.

8. Platyptilia alhcrtac n. sp. Holotype 9 . Laggan, Alta.

9. Platyptilia coolcyi Fern. Silverton, Colo.

10. Oidatmatophorus sulphurcodactylus Pack. Loma Linda, Cal.

11. Oidaematophorus screnus Meyr. Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz.

12. Oidaematophorus balanotes Meyr. St. Petersburg, Fla.

I'latk WAV

4G0

PLATE XLV

1. Oidacnuitophorus fisliii Furn. $ Chiric;ihua Mts., Cochise Co., Ariz.

2. Oiddi-inalophorus fishii Fern. 9- San Bernardino Mts., Cal.
i. Oidacmaiophoms tinctus Wlsm. Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz.

4. Oidacmatotihorus homodactylus Wlk. Chelsea, Quebec.

5. OidaematopliDrus clliottii Fern. Chelsea, Quebec.

6. Oidaematopiionts faleaccns Zcll. Decatur, 111.

7. Oidacmatophorns occidcntalis Wlsm. Normal form. Hereford, Ariz.

,S. Oidacmatophorus occidentalis Wlsm. Dark form. Monache Meadows,

Tulare Co., Cal.

9. Oidacmatoplionis iincnii-ciis Fish. Light form. Wellington, B. C.

10. Oidacmatophurus cineraccus Fish. Dark form. Malahat, B. C.

11. Oidacmatophorus rilcyi Fern. Deer Park Springs, Lake Tahoe, Cal.

12. Oidaemaiophorus baroni Fish. Mills College, Alameda Co., Cal.

13. Oidaeniatop/ionis cretidactylus Fitch. Essex Co. Park, N. J.

14. Oidaematophorns mathnvianus Zell. Camp Baldy, San Bernardino Mts.,

Cal.

15. OidaoiiutophiiiKs nipuluiii Fern. Decatur, HI.

lo. Oidaematopliorus yuttatus Wlsm. Stockton, Utah.

17. OidaeiiuHophonts ataskcn.ns u. up. Paratype S- Kuby, .\laska.

18. Oidacniafophorus strainiiicus Wlsm. Aweme, Man.

19. Oidaemalophmus vcnapuiiclus B. & L. San Benito, Tex.

20. Oidacnuitopliorus Intcoluf n. sp. Holotype i . Paradise, Cochise Co.. Ariz.

I 'I \t: XI.\"

-^

««^

/^ \

iG2

PLATE XLVI

1. (Jidiicnmloplwrus iiiQtiinntus Zell. Denver. Colo.

2. Oiiiaonatophvrus cms n. sp. Paratype S . Mohave Co., Ariz.

0. Oidacmatophorus pan n. sp. Paratype 9 . Palm Springs, Riverside Co., Cal.

4. Oidiictiiatoplwnis triton n. sp. Holotype S . Palmerlee, Ariz.

5. Oidacniiitopliorus phoebus n. sp. Paratype. Carmel, Cal.
0. Oidaematophorus intcgrattts Meyr. Palmerlee, Ariz.

7. Oidaonatophorus austcr n. sp. Holotype S . Mohave Co., Ariz.

8. Oidai'inatophotus hnicei Fern. Aweme, Man.

9. OidaciiMtopliorus citriles Meyr. Boulder, Colo.

II). Oidacmatophorus iiieyricki n. sp. Paratype 5. San Diego, Cal.

11. Oidacmatophorus gratiosus Fish. Cannel, Cal.

12. Oidaematophorus ficldi Wright. "Cotype" 9 . San Diego, Cal.

13. Oidacmatophorus monodactylus Linn. Grey form. Loma Linda, Cal.

14. Oidacmatophorus monodactylus Linn. Irrorate form. Winnipeg, Man.

15. Oidaematophorus moiwdaclylus Linn. Brown form. Palo Alto, Cal.

16. Oidaonatophorus varius n. sp. Paratype S ■ San Diego, Cal.

17. Oidacmatophorus falsits n. sp. Holotype S . Tuscon, Ariz.

18. Oidacmatophorus arion n. sp. Holotype <J . Palmerlee, Ariz.

1'), Oidiiciiialot>Iionis pcrditus n. sp. Allotype 9. Chimney Gulch, Golden.
Colo.

20. Oidacmatophorus aiistralis Grin. Upper surface. Santa Ana R., San Ber-

nardino Mts., Cal.

21. Oidacmatophorus australis Grin. Lower surface.
Zl. Oidacmatophorus catalinac Grin. San Diego, Cal.

23. Oidacmatophorus caudclli Dyar. Jemez Springs, N. M.

24. Oidacmatophorus incouditus Wlsm. San Diego, Cal.

I'l.ATK XIAl

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464

PLATE XLVII

1. Oidacmatophorus mcdiits n. sp. Allotype 9 . Brownsville, Tex.

2. Oidacmatophorus linus n. sp. Holotype $ . New Brighton, Pa.

3. Oidacmatophorus cadmus n. sp. Holotype $ . Palmerlee, Ariz.

4. Oidacmatophorus helianthi Wlsm. Tuolumne Madows, Cal.

5. Oidacmatophorus kcllicottii Fish. Anglesea, N. J.

6. Oidacmatophorus lactcodactylns Chum. Greenwood Lake, N. J.

7. Oidacmatophorus grandis Fish. Carmel, Cal.

8. Oidacmatophorus subochraccus Wlsm. Upper surface. Camp Baldy, San

Bernardino Mts., Cal.

9. Oidacmatophorus subochraccus Wlsm. Lower surface.

10. Oidacmatophorus castor, n. sp. Holotype 5 • Redington, Ariz.

11. Oidacmatophorus poUux n. sp. Holotype 5 . Paradise, Cochise Co., AHt.

12. Oidacmatophorus mizar n. sp. Allotype 9 . Palmerlee, Ariz.

13. Oidacmatophorus griscsccns Wlsm. Loma Linda, San Bernardino Co., Cal.

14. Oidacmatophorus costatus n. sp. Paratj-pe S . Monache Meadows, Tulare

Co., Cal.

15. Oidacmatophorus longifrons Wlsm. Palmerlee, Cochise Co., Ariz.

16. Oidacmatophorus iobatcs n. sp. Allotype 9- En route Dewey to Salome,

Ariz.

17. Oidacmatophorus cochisc n. sp. Holotype $ . Palmerlee, Cochise Co., Ariz.

18. Oidacmatophorus arcs n. sp. Holotype 9 . Stockton, Utah.

I'l.ATK XIAU

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466

PLATE XLVIII

Neuration

1. Trichoptilus lobidactylus Fitch.

2. Ptcrophorus periscelidactylus Fitch.

3. Platyptilta carduidactyla Riley.

4. Psclnophorus belfragci Fish.

5. Adaina zcpliyria B. & L.

6. Aciptilia isialsinghami Fern.

7. Oidaematophunis lithodaclylus Tr. (genotype).

8. Marasmarcha pumilio Zell.

8a. Exelastis ccrvinicohr B. & McD., first lobe of primary.

9. Stenoptilia ptcrodactylaXAnn. (yenot>-pe).
10. Agdistis amcrkana B. & L.

I'latk XIA III

A. W. Lliul.sey. li

468

PLATE XLIX

a. uncus, b. ventral plate, c. right valve, d. ocdeagus.

1. Ptcropliorus tcnuidactylus Fitch.

2. P. cygnus B. & L., holotype.

3. P. raptor Meyr.

4. P. ddawarkus Zell.

5. P. periscelidactylus Fitch.

6. P. ningoris Wlsm.

7. TrkhoptiUis lobidactylus Fitch.

8. T. califoniicus Wlsm., lateral aspect.

9. T. defectalis Wlk., lateral aspect.

10. Stenoptilia parva Wlsm.

11. 5". exdamationis Wlsm., right valve.

12. Exelastls cervinkolor B. & McD., right valve.

13. Marasmarcha pumilio Zell.

14. Stenoptilia rhynchosiac Dyar.

15. 6". zophodactyla Dup.

16. 5". mcngeli Fern., right valve.

17. Aciptilia walsingliami Fern.

18. Adaina hipunctata Moesch.

19. Pxcbniphorns bclfragei Fish.

20. Adaina zephyria B. & L.

A, W. Liii.lsey. del.

470

PLATE L

Male genitalia

1. Adaina huscki B. & L., holotype.

2. A. montana declivis Meyr.

3. A. cinerascens Wlsm

4. A. ambrosiae Miirt.

5. Platyptilia crenulata B. & McD.

6. P. albertae B. & L., uncus and right valve of allotype.

7. P. inodcsta Wlsm,

8. P. tcsscradaciyla Linn.

9. Stenoptilia ptcrodactyla Linn.

10. Platyptilia marmarodactyla Dyar.

11. P. pallidactyla Haw.

12. P. albicans Fish, left valve and uncus.

13. P. punctidactyla Haw. a. lateral aspect of uncus. u. uncus of acantho-

dactyla Hbn.

14. P. pcrcnodactyla Wlsm.

15. P. Carolina Kearf., cotype. u. uncus of albiciliata Wlsm.

16. Stenoptilia pallistriga B. & McD., right valve of holotype.

Plate L

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A. W. LiiKlsey. del.

472

PLATE LI

Male genitalia

1. Oidacmatot>horus occidcntalis Wlsm.

2. O. crctidactylus Fitch, left valve.

3. O. mathcwianus Zell., left valve.

4. O. cu(<atorii Fern., left valve.

5. O. giittatus Wlsm., left valve.

6. O. alaski'Hsis B. & L., paratype, left valve.

7. O. rilcyi Fern., left valve.

8. O. castor B. & L., holotype, left valve.

9. O. inquinatus Zell., left valve.

10. O. pan B. & L., left valve.

11. O. I'l-os B. & L., paratype, left valve.

12. O. palcacus Zell., left valve.

I'l.ATF. I.I

A. W. LiiKlsey, del.

474

PLATE LII

Male genitalia

1. Oidaematophorus pollux B. & L., paratype, left valve.

2. O. iiihar B. & L., holotype.

3. O. tinctus VVlsm., left valve.

4. O. mcditis B. & L., holotype, left valve.

5. O. cadnms B. & L., paratype, left valve.

6. O. inconditus Wlsm., left valve.

7. O. integratus Meyr., left valve.

8. 0. ouster B. & L., holotype, left valve.

9. O. Uhus B. & L., paratype, left valve.

10. O. pcrditus B. & L., holotype, left valve.

11. O. I'arius B. & L., holotype, left valve.

12. O. heliantlii Wlsm., left valve.

13. O. serenus Meyr., left valve.

14. O. brucei Fern., left valve.

15. O. phoebus B. & L., holotype, left valve.

16. Agdistis americana B. & L., left valve.

I'l.ATK 1.1 I

A. W. Lindsey. d.-l.

476

PLATE LIII

Male genitalia

1. OidiU'iiidlojtlionis tires B. & L., left valve of allotype.

2 (). cataliiidc Grin., from fpceiincn compared with type.

3. 0. caudelti Dyar.

4. O. cot:his( li. & f.., hcl' i;, .

5. O. humodactyhis Wlk., left valve,
(i. O. sli-amineus Wlsm., left valve.
7. O. fisliii Fern., left valve.

S. 0. suhochraceus Wlsm., left vaUe.

9. O. sulpliureodactylus Pack., left valve.

10. O. costalus B. & L., left valve of holotype.

11. O. coslatus B. & L., right valve of holotype.

12. O. grundis Fish., left valve.
1.3. O. aiislratis Grin.

^

I'latk I.I II

A. \V. Lindsey, d.-l.

PLATE LIV

Male genitalia

!. Oidacmatophorus meyricki B. & L.

2. 0. lacteodactylus Cham., left valve.

3. O. arion B & L.. Iiolotype, left valve.

4. O. griscsci'iis Wlsm., left valve.

5. O. balanotes Meyr., left valve.

0. O. venapuHctiis B. & L., paratj-pe, left valve.

7. O. falsus B. & L., holotype, left valve.

8. O. corvus B. & L., paratype, left valve.

9. O. lutcoliis B. & L., paratype, left valve,
a. harpe of New Mexican specimen.

10. Alucita montana Ckll.

11. Oidacmatophorus longifrons Wlsm.
a. harpe of genitalic form.

12. O. iohatcs B. & L., paratype. left valve.
Li. O. monodartylns Linn.

Tl.ATK Ll\'

A. W. Lindsey. del.

INDEX

Families, genera, species, synonyms of genera and species, species cited in
error and emendations which involve a considerable change of spelling are in-
cluded in this index. Typographical or clerical errors and emendations in-
volving only gender are omitted.

Those specific names which arc treated as valid in tliis revision arc listed
under the genera to which they are referred, as well as in the general alphabetic
index.

Page

acanthodactyla Hbn 321

Aciptilia Hhn 359

walsinghanii Fern 360

acrias Meyr 390

Adaina Tutt 363

ambrosiae Murt 371

bipunctata Moesch 365

buscki n. sp 370

cinerascens WIsm 369

declivis Meyr 368

montana Wlsni 366

zephyria n. sp 366

Adkinia Tutt 350

adustus Wlsm 343

Agdistis Hbn 446

americana n. sp 446

iagraphodactylus Wlsm 441

alaskensis n. sp 389

alhertae n. sp 346

albicans Fish 341

albiciliata Wlsm 336

albida Wlsm iii

albidorsella Wlsm 334

Alucita Linn 448

montana Ckll 449

\Ahicila Meyr 374

Alucitidae 44.S

Amblyflilia Hbn 309

ambrosiae Murt 371

americana n. sp 147

aiigtistus Wlsm 421

aqtiila Meyr 429

ares n. sp 414

arion n. sp 442

auriga n. sp 3,^0

auster n. sp W

Page

australis Grin 435

baccliaridcs Grin 431

balanotes Meyr 429

barbcri Dyar 443

baroni Fish 393

behrii Grin 390

belfragei Fish 362

hernardinus Grin 305

bcrtraini Roessler 343

bipunctata Moesch 365

bischoffi Zell 343

brucei Fern 401

Bucklcria Tutt 288

buscki n. sp 370

cadn-.us n. sp 411

calif or>Hca Grin 381

calif ornicus Wlsm 291

culiiiiulliac Frey .''21

tcaloddclyius Fab 321

fcjiialis Wlk 354

tcm-dui Zell 324

carduidactyla Riley 324

Carolina Kearf 327

castor n. sp 394

catalinae Grin 441

candelli Dyar 440

cm fries Meyr 290

cervinicolor B. & McD 347

ccr^nnidactylus Pack 343

chioaastcs Meyr 401

chlorias Meyr 427

cineraceus Fish 391

f cinerascens Dyar 368

cinerascens Wlsm 369

cincridactyhis Fitch 443

citrites Mevr 400

Page

WCmiL-niidol^lionis VVlgr 3i)')

cochise n. sp 413

coloradensis Fern 358

icoloradensis Grin 333,335

compsochares Meyr 290

congrualis Wlk 290

cooleyi Fern 338

corvus n. sp 437

cosmodactyla Hbn 317

costatus n. sp 436

Crasimctis Meyr 362

crenulata B. & McD 316

icrctidactyla Fern 381

cretidactyhis Fitch 382

■\cretidactylus Zell 388

Crocydoscclus Wlsm 31U

cygnus n. sp 304

declivis Meyr 368

defectalis Wlk 290

■fdelavaricus Forbes 302

delawaricus Zell 307

edwardsii Fish 328

elliottii Fern 419

Emmelina Tutt 374

Erncstia Tutt 446

eros n. sp 404

Euchiradia Hbn 449

Eucnncmidof'horus Wlgr 309

eupatorii Fern 385

exclamationis Wlsm 357

Exelastis Meyr 346

cervinicolor B. & McD 347

falsus n. sp 436

fieldi Wright 399

finitimus Grin 307

fuchcri Zell 323

fishii Fern 410

f ragilis Wlsm 333

Fredericina Tutt 310

fuscodactyla Haw 352

fuscus Retz 352

Gilberlw Wlsm 310

Gillmcna Tutt 310

■\gilvidorsis Hed 348

gorgonicnsis Grin.

(Ptcrophorus) 384

gorgoniensis Grm. (Stcnoptili.i) . 339

grandis Fish (Lioptilus) 430

grandis Wlsm. (Platyptilus) ... 335

gratiosus Fish 397

griscodactylus Pag 348

grisescens Wlsm 390

guttatus Wlsm 388

Gypsocharcs Meyr 361

gypsodactyltis Wlsm 382

haivaiii'iisis Butl 290

helianthi Wlsm 415

Hcllinsia Tutt 374

Herbertia Tutt 44o

hesperis Grin 325

Viexadactyla Wlsm 449

liilda Grin 384

jhomodaclylus Hy. Edw 419

homodactyhis Wlk 416

inconditus Wlsm 439

^itiqiiinatus Fern 371

inquinatus Zell 402

integratus Meyr 407

iobates n. sp 412

kellicottii Fish 427

lacteodactylus Cham 426

Leioptihis Wlgr 374

linus n. sp 409

Uophancs Meyr 348

Vohidactyhis Fcni 291

lobidactyius Fitch 294

lonvii Zell 354

longifrons Wlsm 445

lugubris Fish 391

luteolus n. sp 426

maea n. sp 337

Marasmarcha Meyr 348

pumilio Zell 348

luargbfidactylus Fitch 342

marmarodactyla Dyar 314

mathewianus Zell 383

medius n. sp 408

mengcli Feni 357

.Ucrrificldia Tutt 360

meyricki n. sp 397

■\microdactylns Hed 365

Mimacseoptilus Wlgr 350

mizar n. sp 396

modesta Wlsm 340

monodactvlus Linn 443

Page

montana Ckll. (Alucita) 449

montana Wlsm. (Adaina) 3o(j

muiiticola Grin 317

naevosidactylus Fitch 443

ncbulacdactyhis Fitch 343

nigrociliiiius Zell 302

ningoris Wlsm 305

nivea Bankes 317

occidentalis Wlsm 381

\ochrodactyta Fern 343

oclirodactylns Fish 290

Oidaeniatophorus Wlgr 374

alaskensis n. sp 389

arcs n. sp 414

arion n. sp 442

auster n. sp 407

australis Grin 435

balanotes Meyr 429

baroni Fish 393

brvicci Fern 401

cadmus n. sp 411

castor n. sp 394

catalinae Grin 441

caudelli Dyar 440

cineraceus Fish 391

citrites Meyr 400

cochise n. sp 413

corvns n. sp 437

costatus n. sp 436

cretidactylus Fitch 382

elliottii Fern 419

eros n. sp 404

eiipatorii Fern 385

falsus, n. sp 436

fieldi Wright 399

fishii Fern 410

grandis Fish 430

gratiosus Fish 397

grisescens Wlsm 390

guttatus Wlsm 388

helianthi Wlsm 415

homodactylus Wlk 416

inconditus Wlsm 439

inquinatus Zell 402

integratus Meyr 407

iobates n. sp 412

kcllicottii Fish 427

lacteodactylus Cham 426

Page

linns n. sp 409

longi Irons Wlsm 445

hitcolus n. sp 426

mathewianus Zell 383

mcdius n. sp 408

meyricki n. sp 397

mizar n. sp 396

monodactylus Linn 443

occidentalis Wlsm 381

paleaceus Zell 422

pan n. sp 405

perditus n. sp 438

phoebus n. sp 406

pollux n. sp 395

rileyi Fern 392

serenus Meyr 434

stramineus Wlsm 421

subochraceus Wlsm 432

sulphurcodactylus Pack 433

tinctus Wlsm 414

triton n. sp 406

nnicolor B. & McD 440

variiis n. sp 4 i/

venapunctiis B. & L 424

Orncodcs Latr 447

Onicodtdae 448

orthocarpi Wlsm 331

Ovendenia Tutt 374

oxydactylus Wlk 290

Oxyptilus Zel! 297

paleacens Zel! 422

pallidactyla Haw 342

pallistriga B. & McD 356

paludicola Wlgr 352

pan n. sp 405

parva Wlsm 351

par%'nlus n. sp 289

l^asadcncnsis Grin 315

percnodactyla Wlsm 326

perditus n. sp 438

fcrgnuiUdactylns Pack 443

periscelidactylus Fitch 299

I'crfhwus Grossb 3/1

petrodactyla Wlk 341

phoebus n. sp 406

pica Wlsm 320

plctipcnnis Grin 444

Platyptilia Hbn 308

Page

acantliodactyb Hbn 321

alliertae n. sp 340

albicans Fish 341

albiciliata Wism 336

albida Wlsm 333

albidorsella Wlsm 334

auriga n. sp 330

carduidactyla Riley 324

Carolina Kearf 327

cooleyi Fern 338

crenulata B. & Mc. D 316

edwardsii Fish 328

fragilis Wlsm 333

grandis Wlsm 335

maea n. sp 337

marmarodactyla Dyar 314

modesta Wlsm 340

orthocarpi Wlsm 331

pallidactyla Haw 342

percnodactyla Wlsm 326

petrodactyla Wlk 341

pica Wlsm 320

punctidactyla Haw 317

rhododactyla D. & S 313

shastae W Ism 334

tesscradactyla Linn 323

williamsii Grin 330

xylopsamma Meyr 339

pollux n. sp 395

Porritia Tutt 360

Fselnophorus Wlgr 361

belfragei Fish 362

iptcrodactylaUhn. (Alucita; ... 443

pterodactyla Linn (Stenoptilia) . 352

Pterophoridae 285

Pterophorus Geoff 297

cygnus n. sp 304

ningoris Wlsm 305

periscelidactylus Fitch 299

raptor Meyr 304

tenuidactylus Fitch 301

^Pterophorus Wlgr 374

ptilodactyla Hbn 352

pumilio Zell 348

punctidactyla Haw 317

pygniaeus Wlsm 293

ralumcnsis Pag 290

raptor Meyr 304

Page

rhododactyla D. & S 313

rhyncliosiae Dyar 351

rileyi Fern 392

schwarzi Dyar 338

seniicostatus Zell 354

screnus Meyr 434

scricidactylus Murt 422

shastae Wlsm 334

simplicius Grossb 365

Sochcliora Wlk 309

stachydalis Frey 317

Stangcla Tutt 288

Stenoptilia Hbn 349

exclamationis Wlsm 357

mengeli Fern 357

pallistriga B. & McD 356

parva Wlsm 351

pterodactyla Linn 352

rhynchosiae Dyar 351

zophodactyla Dup 354

stramineus Wlsm 421

^subochracca Fern 426

jsKbochraceiis Meyr 435

subochraceus Wlsm 432

sulphurcodactylus Pack 433

tsidplmrcus Wlsm 433

itcnuidaclylus Fern 304

tenuidactylus Fitch 301

tosseradactvla Linn 323

frtnilicclla'Hoi 321

tinctus Wlsm 414

Trichoptilus Wlsm 288

californicus Wlsm 291

dcfectalis Wlk 290

lobidactylus Fitch 294

parvulus n. sp 289

pygmaeus Wlsm 293

triton n. sp 406

miicolor B. & McD 440

varius n. sp 437

venapunctus B. & L 424

walsinghami Fern 360

IVhcclcria Tutt 360

williamsii Grin 330

wrightii Grin 292

xylopsamma Meyr 339

zephyria n. sp 366

zophodactyla Dup 354