QK 168 .'/45 1900 V- gKl68 1900 yy. u,. yrt •^**»<»i]mmiitf *^^ '-**.,t:J XXII. A contribution to the knowledge of the flor? of southeastern Minnesota IV. A. W/ieeler Reprinted August 15, 1900 From Minnesota Botanical Studies hbrary NEVI YORK BOTANICAL A R {i 0 L- 1' GARDCxN A W \\ 0 n (I T I' 1/r 1; /. I;\'/ n I) i/i <» T 3 R 0 n i\ A r, II XXII. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE FLORA OF SOUTHEASTERN \ MINNESOTA. W. A. Wheeler. The work of the Minnesota Botanical Survey in southeastern Minnesota during the summer of 1899 was carried on with two main purposes in view : first, to collect and preserve plants in formalin for museum and class use, and second, to collect herbarium specimens of the higher seed plants. The work of collection was begun June ist, and closed August 31st. The catalogue of species is, therefore, very incomplete in its enu- meration of the early spring and autumn plants. District of collection. — The territory in which the collections were made is in the extreme southeastern part of Minnesota, comprising the valleys of Winnebago and Crooked creeks, and the adjoining region near the Mississippi river. Nearly all of this territory is included in an area about twelve miles square, formed by the townships of Mayville and Crooked Creek, on the north, and Winnebago and Jefferson on the south. Physiography. — The topography of this part of Houston county is not essentially different from that of most of the re- gion south from Red Wing along the Mississippi river to the southern boundary of Minnesota and into Iowa. There is no part of it level or nearly so. It is almost entirely broken by the valleys of the two creeks and their smaller tributaries. The height above the sea level varies from 620 feet at the level of the Mississippi river in the southeastern corner of Jefferson, to 1200 feet in the northwestern corner of Mayville. Crooked creek, from the source of the north fork to its discharge into Bluff slough, is about eleven miles in length. It drains about 65 square miles of territory. The south fork, a branch about three miles long, lies entirely in Mayville. Winnebago creek from the Big spring near its source, to its discharge into Min- 353 LIBRARY /, I; IMi I !• NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN 354 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. nesota slough, is about twelve miles in length. There are three small branches, one of which has, within the last decade, become considerably smaller than it formerly was, on account of the drying up of several springs near its source. The amount of water discharged from each of the two main creeks during the summer months is probably not less than 1,500,000 cubic feet per day. Neither creek is very susceptible to changes of season, but either one will rise very rapidly after a sudden heavy rain-fall and return to its usual level in a few hours. The bluffs are high and steep, and not adapted to cultivation. (Plates XXII. and XXVI.) However, many of the ridges are cultivated and form some of the best farms in this part of the state. The valleys being subject to overflow and the bluffs very steep, by no means the entire area is adapted to cultivation. This condition is very favorable for the collection of native plants. The valleys are narrow, in no place exceeding a mile in width from the brow of one bluff to the brow of the one op- posite. In taking a view of the ecological groups of the plants in- habiting this region, the territory may, for convenience, be divided into river valley, creek valleys and bluffs. The river valley is so distinct from the creek valleys that it is almost imperative that it be considered separately. The bluffs along the river vaiy somewhat from the other bluffs, but not sufficiently to warrant a division into river bluff and creek bluff. River -valley. — In the river valle}' I include the area from the foot of the bluffs on one side of the river, to the foot of the bluffs on the opposite side, not including any tributaries. Along this stretch of the river, from New Albin, Iowa, to Brownsville, Minnesota, the valley varies from three to live miles in width. The main channel of the river is from one-half a mile to a mile wide. The remainder of the area between the bluffs is formed of islands, sloughs and lakes during most of the year. (Pl-ate XXV., B.) During the spring and earl}^ summer the whole area is generally flooded so that collection can be carried on only dur- ing the late summer and autumn. The river channel proper is not a fruitful field for the collection of higher plants. The sluggish sloughs, lakes and ponds, however, offer excellent conditions for such collection. Wheeler : flora of southeastern Minnesota. 355 For consideration, the water plants of the river valley may be classified into four main groups : plankton, attached submerged aquatic, attached aquatic plants with natant leaves, and adaptive shore plants. Plankton. The plants forming this group are those which are not at- tached to any soil substratum, and so are rarely found in any of the swift-flowing currents, but rather on the surface of protected lakes and ponds and near the high banks of sloughs, where they are protected from rapid currents of wind and water. The plants comprising this group are : Azolla caroliniana, Sfirodela ^olyrhiza^ Ce7'atophylluin demerstun, Utricularia vulgaris. Lcmna minor ^ With them are often found plants of Sagittaria and Pota- mogeton which have been dislocated from their original position on the soil. They seem to grow nearly as well and bloom nearly as profusely as when attached. In this condition they form part of the plankton, but as they are originally attached and ordinarily remain so, I have not included them in the list of plankton types. One of the most beautiful and interesting plants of this group is the small heterosporous fern, Azolla caroliniana. In the early part of the summer it is green or but slightly red in color and only scattered plants or very small patches can be found. In the later summer and autumn it covers large areas of water with a deep red pure growth or mixed with the duckweeds. In restricted areas it often grows so rapidly late in the summer that it is pushed up from the surface of the water and forms ridges and bunches above the water-level. Attached submerged aquatic plants. The floor of some of the very shallow ponds and sloughs is covered with a growth of bassweeds and pondweeds that are en- tirely immersed. This group contains but few species of the higher plants. The species collected are : j^^^aias Jlcxilis, Potamogeton ptisillus, criVaias guadalupensis, Potamogeton zoster aefolius. 356 minnesota botanical studies. Attached aquatic plants with natant leaves. Castalia tubo'osa, Potamogeton lonchites, Nclumbo lutea, Potamogeton natans, Nynifhaea advena, Sagittarta cuneata. Nearly every one who has ever visited any of the lakes or rivers of Minnesota is acquainted with at least one representa- tive of this group, the white water-lily, Castalia ttiberosa. This with the Indian lotus, Nelwiibo lutea, and the yellow pond-lily, Nym^hma advena, all of which are members of the water-lily family, are the most conspicuous and beautiful of our river plants. They cover large areas of shallow water for sometimes a mile or more in extent. It may be of interest to call attention to the methods of adaptation of these plants to their aquatic habitat. The white water-lily and the yellow pond-lily carry their natant leaves on long flexible petioles which allow the leaves to remain upon the surface for variations of several feet in the height of the water. The Indian lotus, however, carries the leaf-blades upon stiff strong petioles some of which are car- ried up to the water surface and others are raised from one to three feet above the water. (Plate XXV., A.) In case the water rises the natant leaves are destroyed but those that are raised above the surface remain useful to the plant and may in this way be caused to float. The projecting leaves are not conspicuously modified in any way from those that were originally natant. Both the Indian lotus and the white water-lily are abundant in the sloughs of the Mississippi river at Jefferson. The yellow pond-lily is not so abundant as either of the other two. The Potaniogctons with floating leaves may be found growing with the water-lilies or in small patches scattered throughout the sloughs. They never cover very large areas to the exclusion of other plants. Adaptive shore plants. Alis7na -plantago-aqiiatica , Sagittaria latifolia, Eleocharis acicnlaris, Sagittaria 7'igida, Nelumbo Intca, Scir^us lacustris. Polygonum emei'stim, The plants living on the shores of the lakes and sloughs must adapt themselves to life under the varying conditions in which they may be placed by the rise and fall of the water. During Wheeler : flora of southeastern Minnesota. 357 low stages they may be left out of the water entirely and when the water is at its height most of them are nearly or quite sub- merged. The plants adapting themselves to these conditions might be considered as the Sagittarta group, for the two Sagit- tarias — latifolia and rigida — are the most abundant shore plants with the possible exception of Eleocharis aciciilaris. Nelumbo liUea may often be seen in times of very low water, grow- ing on the muddy banks entirely emersed holding its leaves erect two or three feet above the mud, while the Castalia when placed under these conditions lodges its leaves on the mud where they soon die. Polygonum emersuin covers many banks to the exclusion of other vegetation. It is adapted to living on the exposed mud or in the water but under the latter conditions it always projects its leaf-bearing stems out of the water and keeps the foliage leaves emersed. Wet meadows of the river valley. During a large part of the growing season the wet meadows of the river bottoms are submerged. When they are exposed for a sufficient length of time to become somewhat dry the grasses are generally cut for hay. The plants living under these conditions are mostly coarse grasses and sedges. No trees but willows seem to be able to live upon these meadows and they do not then attain tree size. Some of the plants forming the vegetation of the wet meadows are : Asclepias mcarnata, Sch'ptcs atrovirens, Cypertis esculenttis, Scirpus cypertmis, Eleocharis acictilari's, Shcin a'cutaefoltum, Elyniiis virginiciis, Sparganium etirycarpum, Eragrostis hypnoides, Sparttna cynosuroides^ Eupatormm purptireiim, Vchiom'a /dsciculata, Homalocenchrits virgintcas, Zizania aqiiatica. Penthoruni sedotdcs, Mud-flat vegetation. The mud-flat comprises the highest land of the islands. It is flooded only during the early summer but on account of its growth of timber and shrubs the soil remains wet during the entire year. The largest trees growing anywhere in this region are found on the mud-flats of the Mississippi river. 358 MIXXESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. The plants which form large trees on the islands are : Ace?' saccharimim, Populus dcltotdcs, Betula nigra, ^ie7'ais platanoides, Fraxinus lanceolata, Salix amygdala ides, Fraximis nigra, Ulmus americana. Gleditsia triacanthos. The following species do not attain large size, but are either scattered throughout as shrubs or small trees, or form a dense low growth on some of the lower grounds of the mud flat. (Plate XXV., A.) Cephalanthus occidentalis, Salix Jluviatilis, Cornus amonwn, Salix nigra. Three species of woody vines are common throughout the islands. The Virginia creeper, Parthenocissiis quinquefolia, and wild grape, Vitis viilpina, are abundant, covering and in many cases killing large trees. The climbing poison ivy, Rhus radicans, is common throughout the most densely wooded parts. It sometimes climbs to a height of twenty-five or thirty feet, and develops a stem from two to three inches in diameter. During the late summer and autumn the mud-flat throughout is covered with a dense growth of coarse herbs most of which are perennials. The following herbaceous plants grow on the mud-flat. Acnida iamariscina, Miimilus ringens, Apocynuin cannabinum, Onoclea sensibilis, AriscRma dracontium, Polygomini hartzvrightii, Bidens co7nosa, Polygormm hydropipcr aides , Bidens frondosa, Polygonjim incarnatum, Btdens Icsvis, Polygonum ptmctatum, Cicuta hulbifera, Polygontim virginianuyn, Heleniuvi atiiumnalc, Physalis -philadelphica, Ilysanthes gratioloides, Physostegia virginiana, Lipfia lanceolata. Ranunculus pcnnsylvaniciis. Lobelia cardinalis, Scutellaria lateriflora, Lycopus americanus, Stachys palustris, Lycopus Incidus, Steironema ciliata, Lycopiis rubellus, Teucrium canadense, Lycopus virginic7is, Urtica gracilis, Ly thrum alatum, Urticastrum divaricatum. Mentha canadensis. Wheeler : flora of southeastern Minnesota. 359 Creek valleys. — The valleys of the creeks present an entirely different aspect from the river valley. The creeks have their own well-defined channels to which they hold almost the year round. High waters never last for any great period of time. Those which are caused by the melting of the snows in the spring generally last from about noon to sun-down while those which are supplied by the heavy June showers generally rise and fall during the night or very early morning. The damage done to vegetation is almost restricted to the floods of the sum- mer months. They come in the season of most rapid growth and destroy a large part of the season's growth with which they come in contact. The areas inundated by these floods are never very extensive compared to those along the river. At most points along the valleys the gradual rise of the land from the creeks to the bluffs is sufficient to prevent the formation of ponds and lakes by the rise of the water. The alluvial soils deposited on the flats do not dry up until late in the summer and so have very little growth besides coarse weeds. They are often cultivated but there is always the danger of the crops being destroyed by high water. Most of the best cultivated fields in the valleys are on the table lands adjacent to the foot of the bluffs. They are generally fertile, are protected from high water and hard winds and are not in a position to wash to any great extent. The steep banks on the north edges of the table lands are generally wooded and bear the richest and greatest variety of plants that can be found anywhere in this •egion. The table lands are often very sharply marked off :rom the creek bottoms and steep bluffs. Towards the heads of he creeks the table lands disappear and there is a gradual rise :rom the creeks to the bluffs. The water vegetation of the creek valleys is almost entirely imited to the cold water plants of the springs and small streams. There are very few ponds or marshes to contain still water orms. The vegetation of the land may be divided into that of the vet meadow, moist woods and mesophytic field. The wet mea- low is about on a level with the banks of the creeks. It never )ecomes very dry and on the lower places shows some of the ;haracters of a marsh. The vegetation of the moist woods s well shown on the wooded banks bordering the table lands. Moist woods often cover some of the protected table lands and 360 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. extend for some distance up the narrow dark ravines. In places where timber covers the flooded areas the vegetation is similar to that of the mud flat on the islands near the river. The vege- tation of the open table lands I have called mesophytic field. Cold spring vegetation. The valleys of Winnebago and Crooked creeks have a great many springs arising from the bases of the bluffs throughout their whole length but perhaps more numerous at the heads of the creeks than elsewhere. Some of the springs that outlet in low level land occasionally form small cold bogs in which the ordinary cold water plants find very favorable conditions for growth. A large spring near the head of Clear creek, a short branch of Crooked creek contains the greatest abundance of typical cold water plants of any spring visited. The large creeks do not contain much vegetation. The smaller creeks often contain plants similar to those of the cold springs. The plants characteristic of cold running water are : Batrachiwn divaricatum, Mhnulus jamcsii, Batrachiuin tricho^hyllum^ Philotria canadensis ^ Bcrtila C7'ccta, Rori^a nasttirtium, Cai'dajuine hidhosa^ Veronica americana. JEpilobiums — colorattun and adenocaiilon — are often found growing in cold spring water but are not peculiar to this local- ity as they are also found growing in moist soil. None of the spring plants can be called common to large areas, for the con- ditions necessary for their growth are limited in extent. ( Pond vegetation. | There are but ver}' few natural ponds along the creeks. The ponds are generally artificial and as such present a variety of conditions and a corresponding variety of plants. A small natural pond in a bog near Crooked creek contains all it can hold of the yellow pond-lily. (Plate XXVII., B.) This is the only place in which any of the water-lily famil}^ were found outside of the sloughs and lakes of the Mississippi river. 1 Wet meadow vegetation of the creek valleys. The wet meadows naturally cover a very large part of the creek valleys but under present conditions most of them are Wheeler: flora of southeastern Minnesota. 361 used for pasture, or where they can be easily drained for culti- vation, though they are of course in constant danger of being flooded. Under these conditions there are but few wet meadows which have retained their original vegetation. Many of them under continual pasturing have grown up to coarse weeds and grasses. The greatest variety of plants is found where the wet meadow has been used as a hay meadow. This offers more nearly the natural conditions for such plants as Liliiun cana- dense (Plate XXVII., A). Habenaria leticophcea, Pedictilaris lanceolata, Saxifraga -pennsylvanica^ Chelone glabra, Parnas- sia caroliniana, Onoclea sensibilis and many others in the list. The plants which grow in the wet meadows are : Angelica atropurptirea, Lythrum alatwn. Aster novcB-anglicB, Macrocalyx nyctclea, Aster frenanthoides, Miimilus ringens, Aster puniceiis, Onoclea sensibilis, Aster sagittifoliiis, Parnassia caroliniaita, Caltha -palustris, Pedicularis lanceolata, Cerastiinn longipedimculatiivi, Pinipinella integerrinia, Chelone glabra, Rtidbeckia laciniata, Cicuta bulbifera, Riidbeckia triloba, Cicuta macidata, Riuncx acetosella, Doellingeria umbellata, Rumex crispus, Dryopteris thelyptcris, Saxifraga pennsylvanica, Gentiana crinita, Silene alba, Gentiana jlavida, Silphitim laciniattim, Habenaria leticophcea, Silphiu^n perfoliatum, Habenaria psycodes, Viola obliqua, Lilium canadense, Zizia aurea. Lobelia syphilitica. Moist woods vegetation. As previously stated the most typical moist woods vegetation is to be found on the north banks of the table lands. The tim- ber on the banks has much of it been left uncut and offers the very best conditions for the survival of moist woods vegetation. In the list of moist woods plants here given are included only those collected or noted from a single location in Winnebago valley. It is a bank about one-half a mile long bordering on the table land for the greater part of its length. Some of the 362 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. plants listed do not seem to be typical moist woods plants and in such cases they have probably been driven to the margin of the thicket b}' the cultivation of the table land on one side and by the high water of the creek bottom on the other. The plants of the moist woods on this bank are : Acer ncgundo. Ace?' nigrum, Actcea alba, Actcsa rubra, AdianUun -pcdaUim, Adopogon virginicum, Adoxa moschatelUna, Agastache scro^hularicBfolia, Agrimonia hirsuta, Amelanchier canadensis. Anemone quinquefolia, Apios apios, Apocyniun androscBmifoliuni, Aralia nudicaulis, Aralia racemosa, Arisama tri-phyllum, Asarum canadense, Asclepias exalt at a, Asclepias incariiata, Asclepias syriaca, Asplenium acrostichoides , Asplen ium jUix-fceinin a , Bicuculla cucullaria, Bidens frondosa, Bidcns comosa, Botrychium virginian um , Campamila americana. Car ex rosea, Carpinus caroliniana, Catilophyllum thalictroides, Cerastium longipedunculatum, CirciBa lutetiana, Clematis virginiana. Cor mis candidissima, Cornus rotundifolia, Cortius stolonifera, Corylus americana, Cratcpgus punctata, CratcBgus tomentosa, CypripediujH hirsutum , Cystoptcris bulbifera, Deritiga canadensis, Diervilla diervilla, Epilobium adenocaitlon, Epilobitim coloratiim, Equisetum arvense, Erigeron pulchellus, Eryth ron ium albidum , Euonymus atropurpiiretis, Eupatorium ageratoides, Falcata comosa, Fragaria americana, Galium aparine, Galium boreale, Galium trifidum, Galium triflortim. Geranium maculatum, Gewn strict um, Habenaria bracteata, Hepatica acuta, Heracleum lanatum, Ihimulus lupulus, H) ' drophy llu m virgin icu m , Tmpatiens a^irea, Impatiens bijlora, Juglans cinerea, Juglans nigra, Lactuca jloridana, Lathyrus ochroleucus, Lathyrus venosus, Wheele}- : flora of southeasterx Minnesota. 363 Lector chis liliifolia, Lobelia syphilitica, Lonicera dioica, Lonicei'a stdlivaiitii, Mains ioensis, Men isperin tun canadensis . Mentha canadensis, Micrampelis lobata, Mitel la diphylla, JSfabaliis albus, JSfepeta cataj'ia, Onoclea struthiopteris, Osniunda claytoniana, Ostrya virgin ian a , Ox alls strict a, Parthenocisstis quinqucj'olia, Pedicular is canadensis, Peraniizini pnbescens, Ph lox divaricata , Phryina leptostachya. Podophyllum peltatiini, Polemonium reptans, Polygonatum comniiUattini, Po lygo n u m in carnatiini, Polygommi hydropiperoides, Popiiliis grandidentata, Popiilus treniuloides, Potentilla canadensis, Pruniis americana, Pruniis nigra, Prunus serotina. Prunella vulgaris, Prunus virginiana, Pteris aquilina, Pyrola elliptica, ^cercus coccinea, ^uercus macrocarpa, ^lercus rubra, ^lercus velutina. Ranunculus abortivus, Ranuncidus septentrionalis, Rhus glabra, Ribes cynosbati, Ribes jioridum , Ribes uva-crispa, Rubus occidentalis , Rubus villosus, Rudbeckia laciniata, Ru dbeckia triloba , Salix amygdaloides, Salix Jiu V ia tills , Sambucus canadensis, Sanicula gregaria, Sanicula marylandica, Silene alba, Smilax herbacea, Solidago canadensis, Staphylea trifolia, Syndesmon thalictroides, Thalictrum dioictini, Thalictru.ni purpurescens, Tilia americana, Trillium cernuum, TriUiu7n erectum , Triosteu m perfo I latum , Uhnus americana, Ulmus fulva, Urtica gracilis, Urticastrum divaricatum, Uvularia grandifiora, Vagnera racemosa, Viburnum Icntago, Viola pubcscens, Viola obi i qua, Vitis vulpina. Wash ingto n ia clay ton i, JCanthoxylum americana. 364 minnesota botanical studies. Mesophytic field vegetation. The mesophytic field vegetation as it exists in the creek valleys to-day is almost entirely a result of cultivation. The table lands which bear the plants of the mesophytic field were formerly al- most entirely wooded. To-day they are cleared of timber and used for cultivation. They furnish the best fields for cultivation in the whole district. They are not subject to the overflow of the bottom lands, nor to the drought of the ridges, nor to the washouts of the side-hills. Being so extensively cultivated the plants growing upon them, which are. not themselves cultivated, are almost confined to the edges of fields and thickets. Under such conditions a list of plants of this area would have no bear- ing upon the natural ecological groups. Bluffs. — The bluffs bordering the river differ from those bordering creek valleys in being steeper and in having many more precipitous cliffs. The brow of the bluff along the river for almost the entire distance bordering the territory covered ex- cept where interrupted by branch valleys or ravines is one al- most perpendicular limestone cliff, varying from a few feet to a hundred feet in height. Cliffs of this sort are not so common back from the river. The vegetation of the river bluffs differs to some extent from the creek bluffs in its character. Some of the common forest trees of the lowland of the creek valleys, instead of growing on the lowland of the river valley inhabit the foot of the river bluff. The proximity of the river bluff to larger areas of water seems to raise the moisture content of the soil of the river bluff above that of the creek bluff at the same height above water level. The growth then of such a tree as the black walnut at the foot of the river bluff does not show that it grows here under more arid conditions than in the creek valley, but that the same conditions of moisture in the soil are found at a higher level on the river bluff than on the creek bluff. On all bluffs the vegetation shows the greatest variation with the direction of the slope. Those facing from south to west and receiving the direct rays of the sun from noon to 4 P. M. are generally bare of trees (Plate XXII., B) and shrubs while those facing from north to east are generally thickly wooded (Plate XXVI., B). Ravines with their greater amount of moisture in the soil and greater protection from winds are Wheeler: flora of southeastern Minnesota. 365 generally wooded to some extent whatever the direction of the slope (Plate XXII., A and B). Near the heads of the creeks at the bases of the northern slopes are many moist limestone cliffs with their characteristic abundance of liverworts, mosses and ferns, sometimes almost to the exclusion of the higher seed plants. The moist cliffs bear more of the northern types of plants rare to this region than any one other special area. The zones of forest vegetation on the bluffs are often very distinctly marked out by a few species. The oaks, ^. rubra, J^. macrocarfa and ^ coccinea extend from the valley to the ridge of the bluff in varying degrees of abundance and thus do not determine the zone. With these, however, are a few species which are limited either to the base or ridge. The aspen and a large-tooth poplar as primary and the ironwood, juneberry and wild crab as secondary species mark out the basal zone of forest and the white oak, white birch and shagbark hickory in varying proportions mark out the ridge forest. Be- tween the zone containing white birch on the ridge and that con- taining the aspen at the base is a zone which is almost entirely covered with dark-barked trees. Thus the zones are clearly shown by the white bark of the white birch on the ridge and that of the aspen below with the dark-barked trees between. The vegetation areas of the bluffs may be considered as moist cliffs, wooded slopes and ravines, ridge forests, bare slopes and open ridges, and dry rocks. The plants of the moist cliffs are hydrophytic ; those of the wooded slopes and ravines which in- clude a large part of the bluff area are mesophytic ; the ridge forests are xerophytic and the bare slope, open ridge and dry rock plants which grow on the most exposed and dry areas in this region are distinctly xerophytic. Moist cliff vegetation. This group of plants is one of the most interesting of this re- gion. One is always on the lookout for rare plants to this part of the state from the secluded and often almost inaccessible moist cliff. The short list of plants given here might be said to be almost peculiar to moist cliffs as they are rarely found elsewhere. Others might be named that grow upon moist cliffs, but which are more characteristic of moist woods. Some of the plants characteristic of moist cliffs are : 366 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Acer spfcatnni, Adoxa nwschatcllina, Betida lutca, Circcea alpina, Dirca -pahistris, Pellcpa stcllo'i, Viburnum opulus. Vegetation of wooded slopes and ravines. This group of plants borders and perhaps encroaches upon the moist woods of the valley upon the one hand and the ridge forest upon the other. It covers a large area but does not repre- sent the variety of species that are found in the moist woods of the valley. Some of the plants of the wooded slopes and ravines are Asj)lemum acrostichoidcs , Asplenium filix-foetnina^ Cast ill ej a coccinea, Cypripediuni hirsutum , CyJ>ripedium specladilis, Cystoj)teris fragilis , E-pilobiuvi coloratuni^ Erechtites hicracifolia,^ Eupatorium ageratoides, Falcata coniosa, Hieraciuni umbellatum^ Hicraciuin scabrum, Hypericum inaculata, Hypericum majus, E ilium tcmbellaiutn, Lobelia cordifolia^ Lobelia injiata. On 0 clea s truth iopteris , Osmunda clayto7iiana, Panax quinquefolia^ Pedictilaris canadensis, Polygonatum commutatum, Pteris aquilina, Pubus occidentalism Rubus villosus, Silcne stellata, Smilax hcrbacca, Smilax hispida. Ridge forest vegetation. Most of the woods upon the ridges are rather open and there- fore present somewhat xerophytic conditions. The principal forest trees of the ridges are those which have been previously mentioned, /. c., Betula papyri/era, Hicoria ovata, ^lercus alba and ^tercus macrocarpa. Scattered trees of other kinds are found on special areas. On the point of a bluff near the village of Freeburg, several trees of Gymnocladzis dioicus were found in one of the most exposed locations that it could obtain. This is a very unusual location for this tree. Prunus virginiana, Juniperus virginiana, Tilia americana and Celtis occidentalis quite frequently grow near or on the rocky summits of the bluffs but do not cover large areas. Wheeler: flora of southeastern Minnesota. 367 Bare slope and open ridge vegetation. The soil of the southern slope and open ridge is generally largely formed of sand and broken limestone. It becomes very dry early in the summer, and then appears almost bare of vegetation except where it is broken by scattered junipers (Plate XXL, A) or patches of Rhus glabra. Some of the plants characteristic of the bare slope and open ridge are : Acerates viridijlora, Kuhnistera ^iir^iit'ca, Asclc^ias ve7'ticillata, Lacinaria cylindracea, Aster scriceus, Lacinaria scariosa, Bouteloua curtij)cndula^ Lapfida lappula, Bouteloua kirsuta, Limtni sitlcatmn. Coreopsis -pahnata., Lobelia spicata, Cypertcs Jiliculniis, Oxalis violacea, Cypertis hotightoni, Polygala verticillaia, Cyperus schiveinitzii. Polygonum tenue, Draba caroliniana, Pulsatilla hirsutissiina, Elymus canadensis, Ratibida columnaris, Heliantlius occidentalism Rhus glabra. Euphorbia heterophylla, Rhus radicans, Hieraciuni eanadense, Silene antirrhina, Juniperus communis, Valeriana edttlis, Junipcrus sabina, Viola pedata, Kceleria cristata, Viola pedatijida. Ktihnistcra Candida,- Dry rock vegetation (Plate XXI., B). The rock plants and sand plants do not in many places form distinct groups. The sand of the bluffs nearly always contains considerable broken limestone and thus furnishes conditions favorable to the growth of limestone plants. Pellcea atropur- purea and Camptosorus rhizophyllus seem to be the only ones that are restricted to the bare limestone. The former prefers dryer and more exposed locations than the latter. The characteristic plants of dry rocks are : Betula papyri/era, Junipcrus communis, Cajnpanula rotundifolia, Pellcea atroptirpurea, Camptosorus rhizophyllus, Valeriana edulis, Cystopteris bulbifera, Zygadenus elegans. 368 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Results of the s?irvey. — The botanical survey of this part of the state was undertaken with a great deal of interest by the collectors. Never before has this region been explored for the purpose of botanical collection. Great opportunities were there- fore offered in the search for species, which may have made this corner of the state the northern limit of their range and for those which may have strayed down the Mississippi river from their native home at its headwaters. With such possibilities in view the collectors were not disappointed with the results. As a result of the survey 578 species of plants were collected, 26 of which are Pteridophyta, 5 Archispermje, 87 Monocotyle- dons and 460 Dicotyledons. In the catalogue of species are reported the following plants which either have not been previously reported from Minnesota or have been reported without any known authentic collection. The specimens have been placed in the Herbarium of the Uni- versity. Allionia linearis, \ Hieracitim unibellatum,] Aspleniiim angtistifolium, Mcibomia illinocnsis, Bidens comosa* JVaias guadalupensis. Car ex torta, Primus nigra, CratcBgus macracantha, ^lercus prinoides, Palcata pitcher i,* Rudbeckia triloba, Gleditsia triacanthos, Sanicula trifoliata, Helianthiis atrorubens, Senccio plattcnsis.* The following plants collected are of great interest as rare plants in the state or in this part of the state. Arctostajyhylos uva-ursi, Gaura biennis, Asclepias obttisifolia, Hamamelis virginiana, Azolla caroliniana, Hydrocotylc americana, Betula lenta, Juniferus sabina, Carex lurida, Lactuca ludoviciana, Cheilanthes gracilis, Lactuca sagittifolia, Cratagus punctata, Meibomia dillenii, Cyferus houghtoni. Polygonum tenuc, Dasystoma grandijlora. Polygonum virginianum, Dryopteris goldieana, ^lercus platanoides, * Previously collected but not reported from Minnesota. t Previously reported from incorrect determinations or from general distri- bution ranges given in large manuals without authentic collection. Wheeler: FLORA OF soutjieastern Minnesota. 369 Sanicula gregaria, Thalesia uniflora^ Sagittaria ctineata, Woodsia oregana. Soli dago erect a, Catalog of species collected. The following catalog of plants contains only those collected by Mr. H. L. Lyon and the writer in the southeastern part of Houston county. With the exception of about ten species which were collected in Brownsville, they were all gathered in the townships of Mayville, Crooked Creek, Winnebago and Jefferson. The determinations were almost entirely made by the col- lectors, each determining the plants of his own collection. The determinations of the species of Physalis were kindly made by Mr. P. A. Rydberg, of Columbia University, and those of ^lercus prijioidcs, vclntina, coccinea and ruhra^ and Betula lent a by Professor C. S. Sargent. The nomenclature is that of Britton and Brown's Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States and Canada. PTERIDOPHYTA. OPHIOGLOSSACEJE. Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw\ Schrad. Journ. Bot. 2: III. 1800. Coll.: Lyon 38, Winnebago; 207, Mayville. June, July. Infrequent, rich woods and shady banks. OSMUNDACEiE. Osmunda claytoniana L. Sp. PI. 1066. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 43, Winnebago. June. Common, shady hillsides and ravines. POLYPODIACE^. Onoclea sensibilis L. Sp. PI. 1062. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 326, Jefferson. Aug. Common, wet meadows and river bottoms. Onoclea struthiopteris (L.) HoFFM. Deutsch. Fl. 2 : 11. 1795. Coll. : Lyon 79, Winnebago; 208, Mayville. June, July. Common, moist thickets and river bottoms. 370 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Woodsia oregana D. C. Eaton, Can. Nat. 2 : 90. 1865. Coll. : L3-on 306, Jefferson. Aug. Rare and local, on brow of river bluff. The only previous collection reported from Minnesota is that from Stillwater by Miss Field. There are no previously collected speci- mens from Minnesota in the Herbarium of the University. Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. Schrad. Neuesjourn. Bot. I : Part 2, 26. 1806. Coll. : Lyon 57, Winnebago. June. Common on shaded rocks and limestone ledges. Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. Schrad. Neues Journ. Bot. I : Part 2, 27. 1806. Coll. : Lyon 221, Ma3-ville. July. Frequent in deep woods. Dryopteris tbelypteris (L.) A. Gray, Man. 630. 1848. Coll. : Lyon 461, Brownsville. Aug. Common in swamps and wet meadows along Wild Cat creek. Dryopteris goldieana (Hook.) A. Gray, Man. 631. 1848. Coll. : Lyon 203, 222, Mayville. July. Rare and local, deep rich woods. The only previous authentic collection in Minnesota is that of Leiberg at Min- neopa falls, Blue Earth County. Dryopteris spinulosa (Retz.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 813. 1891. Coll. : Lyon 2531^, Mayville. July. Rare and local, deep rich woods. Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 69. 1833- Coll. : Lyon 32, 65, Winnebago. June. Infrequent or rare, limestone ledges and boulders. Asplenium angustifolium Michx. F1. Bor. Am. 2 : 265. 1803. Coll. : Lyon 204, 224, Mayville. July. Rare, deep rich woods. Not previously reported from Minnesota. Asplenium acrostichoides Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 2 : 54. 1800. Coll.: Lyon 206, 223, Mayville; 318, Jefferson. July Aug. Frequent, rich woods and moist thickets. Wheeler: flora of southeastern Minnesota. 371 Asplenium filix-foemina (L.) Bernh, Schrad. Neues Journ. Bot. I : Part 2, 26. 1806. Coll. : Lyon 205, 220, Mayville. July. Common woods a,nd thickets. Adiantum pedatum L. Sp. PI. 1095. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 45, Winnebago. June. Common, woods and shady banks. Pteris aquilina L. Sp. PL 1075. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 42, Winnebago. June. Common, hillsides and cut-over timber lands. Pellaea stelleri (S. G. Gmel.) Watt, Can. Fil. No. 2. 1869-70. Coll. : Lyon 77, Winnebago. June. Infrequent, moist limestone ledges. Pellcea atropurpurea (L.) Link, Fil. Hort. Berol. 59. 1841. Coll. : Lyon 30, Winnebago. June. Frequent, dry limestone cliffs and boulders. Cheilanthes gracilis (Fee) Mett. Abh. Senck. Nat. Gesell. 3: (reprint 36). 1859. Coll. : Lyon 299, 305, Jefferson. Aug. Rare and local, dry limestone cliff. There is no previous authentic collection of this from Minnesota in the Uni- versity Herbarium. Sandberg's collection from Vermillion lake made in 1885 and reported as this species should be Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) Watt, which has not previously been reported from Minnesota. Polypodium vulgare L. Sp. PI. 1085. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 76, Winnebago. June. Local on limestone ledge. SALVINIACE^. Azolla caroliniana WiLLD. Sp. PI. 5: 541. 1810. Coll. : Lyon 276, Allamakee Co., Iowa; 298, 444, Jeffer- son. Aug. Abundant on sloughs and lakes of the Mississippi. EQUISETACEiE. Equisetum arvense L. Sp. PI. 1061. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 102, Winnebago. June. Frequent, meadow^s and pastures. 372 MIXXESOTA BOTAXICAL STUDIES. Equisetum pratense Ehrh. Hano\\ Mag. 138. 1784. Coll. : Lyon 29, Winnebago. June.^ Frequent in light shaded soil. Equisetum hyemale L. Sp. PI. 1062. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 415, Winnebago. Aug. Common. Equisetum lasvigatum A. Br. ; Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 46: 87. 1844. Coll. : Lyon 18, Winnebago. June. Local, moist meadows. SELAGINELLACEiE. Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring, in Mart. Fl. Bras, i : Part 2, 118. 1840. Coll. : Lyon 78, Winnebago. June. Infrequent, dry rocks. SPERMATOPHYTA. ARCHISPERM^. PINACE^. Pinus strobus L. Sp. PI. looi. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 166, 254, Winnebago. June. Local on. bluffs along Winnebago and Crooked Creeks. Juniperus communis L. Sp. PI. 1040. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 108, Winnebago; 213, Jefferson; 349, Crooked Creek. June, July. Common on dry bluffs. (Plates XXL, A and B, XXIV., B.) Juniperus virginiana L. Sp. PI. 1039. ^753- Coll. : Wheeler 158, 169, Winnebago. June. Frequent on dry bluffs. Juniperus sabina L. Sp. PI. 1039. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 214, Jefferson. June. Rare and local on dry bluffs. No previous collection reported from this part of the state. This is about the most southern point of collection for this species in the United States accord- ing to Britton and Brown. Wheeler: flora of southeastern Minnesota. 373 TAXACE.E. Taxus minor (Michx.) Brittox, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 19. 1893. Coll.: Wheeler 289, Crooked Creek ; 317, Mayville ; 433, Jefferson. July. Infrequent, generally on dry limestone ridges, occasionally in woods. Not previously reported from the southern part of the state. METASPERMiE. TYPHACEiE. Typha latifolia L. Sp. PI. 971. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 266, Winnebago. June. SPARGANIACE^. Sparganium eurycarpum Exgelm. in A. Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 430. 1856. Coll. : Wheeler 423, Jefferson. July. NAIADACEiE. Potamogeton natans L. Sp. PI. 126. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 460, Jefferson. Aug. Potamogeton lonchites TucKERM. Am. Journ. Sci (II. j 6: 226. 1848. Coll. : Wheeler 395, 488, Jefferson. Aug. Potamogeton zosteraefolius Schum. Enum. PL Saell. 50. 1801. Coll. : Wheeler 462, 490, 497, Jefferson. Aug. Potamogeton pusillus L. Sp. PL 127. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 461, Jefferson. Aug. Naiasflexilis (WiLLD.) Rost. & Schmidt, FL Sed. 384. 1824. Coll. : Lyon 329, Jefferson. Aug. Naias guadalupensis (Sprexg.) Moroxg, Mem. Torr. Club, 3 : Part 2, 60. 1893. Coll. : Lyon 443, Jefferson. Aug. Not previously reported from Minnesota. Sloughs and lakes of the Mississippi river. ALISMACEiE. Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Sp. PL 342. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 384, Jefferson. Aug. 374 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Sp. PI. 4 : 409. 1806. Coll. : Wheeler 123, Winnebago; 304. Crooked Creek ; 492, Jefferson. June-Aug. Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon, Bull. Torr. Club, 20 : 283. fl, 159' 1893. Coll. : Wheeler 491, 495, Jefferson. Aug. Not previously reported from this part of the state or the Mississippi river. Frequent in sloughs. Sagittaria rigidaPuRSH, Fl. Am. Sept. 397. 1814. Coll. : Wheeler 486, Jefferson. Aug. Sagittaria cristata Engelm. ; Arthur, Proc. Davenport Acad. 4: 29. 1882. Coll. : Lyon 481, Jefferson. Aug. VALLISNERIACEiE. Philotria canadensis (Michx.) Britton, Science (II.) 2 : 5. 1895. Coll. : Lyon 174, Winnebago. July. GRAMINE^. Andropogon furcatus Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 919. 1806. Coll. : Wheeler 404, Jefferson. July. Chrysopogon avenaceus (Michx.) Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. 19: 73. 1881. Coll. : Lyon 354, Jefferson. Aug. Syntherisma sanguinalis (L.) Nash, Bull. Torr. Club, 22: 420. 1895. Coll. : Wheeler 424, Jefferson. July. Panicum crus-galli L. Sp. PI. 56. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 420, Lyon 478, Jefferson. July, Aug. Panicum porterianum Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 420. 1895. Coll. : Wheeler 388, Jefferson. JuW- Panicum scribnerianum Nash, Bull. Torr. Club, 22: 421. 1895. Coll. : Wheeler 182, Winnebago. June. Panicum virgatum L. Sp. PI. 59. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 421, Jefferson. July. Panicum capillare L. Sp. PI. 58. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 477, Jefferson. Aug. Wheeler: flora of southeastern Minnesota. 375 Cenchrus tribuloides L. Sp. PL 1050. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 287, Jefferson. July. Zizania aquatica L. Sp. PI. 991. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 523, Jefferson. Aug. Homalocenchrus virginicus (Willd.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 9: 14. 1889. Coll. : Wheeler 564, Jefferson. Aug. Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Willd. Enum. 80. 1809. Coll. : Wheeler 426, Jefferson. July. Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. Var. Cienc. y Litter 2: Part 4, 141. 1805. Coll. : Wheeler 347, Crooked Creek; Lyon 291, Jefferson. July. Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. Emory's Rep. 153. 1848. Coll. : Wheeler 362, Crooked Creek. July. Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 69. 1888. Coll. : Wheeler 524, Jefferson. Aug. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. Syn. i : 97. 1805. Coll. : Lyon 113, Winnebago. June. Panicularia americana (Torr.) MacM. Met. Minn. 81. 1892. Coll. : Lyon 59, Winnebago. June. Bromus ciliatus L. Sp. PL 76. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 414, Winnebago. Aug. Bromus kalmii A. Gray, Man. 600. 1848. Coll. : Lyon 259, Jefferson. July. Bromus secalinus L. Sp. PL 76. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 184, Winnebago. July. Elymus virginicus L. Sp. PL 84. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 418, Jefferson. July. Elymus canadensis L. Sp. PL 83. 1753- Coll. : Wheeler 292, Mayville. July. CYPERACEiE. Cyperus schweinitzii Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3 : 276. 1836. Coll. : Lyon 375, Jefferson. Aug. Cyperus esculentus L. Sp. PL 45. 1753- Coll. : Wheeler 526, Jefferson. Aug. 376 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Cyperus filiculmis Vahl, Enum. 2 : 328. 1806. Coll. : Wheeler 348, Crooked Creek. Jul3^ Cyperus houghtoni Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 277. 1836. Coll. : Wheeler 346, Crooked Creek. July. The only previous collection known from Minnesota is that of Holzinger, St. Croix River, Minn. Britton reports this collection in the Bull. Torr. Club, 18: 368. 1891. The collection from Crooked Creek was made from the sum- mit of a very dry sandy hill. Both C. houghtoni and C. schweinitzii grow in sand but the former probably grows in the drier locality of the two. Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. & S. Syst. 2: 154. 1817. Coll. : Wheeler 527, Jefferson. Aug. Scirpus lacustris L. Sp. PI. 48. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 148, Winnebago. June. Scirpus atrovirens Muhl. Gram. 43, 1817. Coll. : Wheeler 267, Winnebago. June. Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth, Enum. 2: 170. 1837. Coll. : Lyon 168, Crooked Creek ; Wheeler 425, Jefferson. June, July. Carex lupulina Muhl.; Schk. Riedg. 2: 54. y. i2j. 1806. Coll. : Lyon 280, Jefferson. July. Carex lurida Wahl. Kongl. Acad. Handl. (IL) 24: 153. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler 142, Winnebago. June. No Minnesota specimens in the Herbarium of the University. Previously collected at Lake Itasca, Sandberg No. 1180. Carex hystricina Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 282. 1805. Coll. : Wheeler 119, Winnebago. June. Carex filiformis L. Sp. PI. 976. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 121, Winnebago. June. Carex torta Boott ; Tuckerm. Enum. Meth. 11. 1843. Coll. : Lyon 60, Winnebago. June. Not previously reported from Minnesota. The nearest point of previous collection, as shown by the Herbarium of the University, is Winnebago county, Wisconsin. Carex stipata Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4 : 233. 1805. Coll. : Wheeler 116, Winnebago. June. Wheeler: flora of southeastern Minnesota. 377 Carex vulpinoidea Michx. F1. Bor. Am. 2 : 169. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler 144, Winnebago. June. Carex rosea Schk. Riedgr. Nachtr. 15. 7^ 179. 1806. Coll. : Wheeler 11, 143, Winnebago. June. Carex tribuloides Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. (II.) 24: 145. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler 118, Winnebago. June. Carex cristatella Britton, Br. & Br. 111. Fl. N. U. S. & Can. i: ZS1-f-S6s. 1896. Coll. : Wheeler 197, Winnebago. June. ARACE^. Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Torr. Fl. N. Y. 2 : 239. 1843. Coll. : Lyon 31, Winnebago. June. Arisasma dracontium (L.) SchotT; Melet. i : 17. 1832. Coll. ; Lyon 239, May ville ; 248. Crooked Creek. July. The only previous collections reported from Minnesota are Manning, Lake Pepin and Holzinger, Winona. Frequent in moist woods along the Mississippi River. LEMNACE^. Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Linneea, 13: 392. 1839. Coll. : Wheeler 113, Winnebago. June. Lemna minor L. Sp. PI. 970. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 112, Winnebago. June. COMMELINACEiE. Tradescantia virginiana L. Sp. PL 288. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 45, Winnebago. June. Tradescantia reflexa Raf. Ad. Journ. 150. 1832. Coll. : Wheeler 410, Jefferson. July. Not previously reported from Minnesota. JUNCACE^. Juncus effusus L. Sp. PI. 326. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 58, Winnebago. June. Juncus tenuis Willd. Sp. PI. 2: 214. 1799. Coll. : Lyon 73, Winnebago. June. MELANTHACE.E. Zygadenus elegans Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 241. 1814. Coll. : Lyon 49, W^innebago. June. 378 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Uvularia grandiflora J. E. Smith, Ex. Bot. i : 99. fl. ji. 1804-5. Coll. : Lyon 91, Winnebago. June. LILIACE^. Lilium umbellatum Pursh, F1. Am. Sept. 229. 1814. Coll. : Lyon 146, Winnebago. June. All previous collections of this species from Minnesota have been reported as X. -philadelfhiaun L. The latter species so far as known has not been collected in Minnesota. Lilium canadense L. Sp. PI. 303. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 199, Crooked Creek. July. Common, moist meadows. (Plate XXVIL, A.) Erythronium albidum Nutt. Gen. i: 223. 1818. Coll. : Herb. Wheeler i, Winnebago. May. CONVALLARIACEiE. Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong, Mem. Torr. Club, 5 : 114. 1894. Coll. : Wheeler 67, Winnebago. June. Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 114. 1894. Coll. : Wheeler 97, Winnebago. June. Unifolium canadense (Desf.) Greene, Bull. Torr. Club, 15 : 287. 1888. Coll. : Wheeler 98, Winnebago. June. Polygonatum commutatum (R. & S.) Dietr. : Otto & Dietr. Gartenz. 3: 222. 1835. Coll.: Wheeler 78, 184, Winnebago: 570, Jefferson; Lyon 166, Crooked Creek. June, Aug. Trillium erectum L. Sp. PI. 340. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 17, Winnebago. June. Trillium cernuum L. Sp. PL 339. 1753. Coll. : Herb. Wheeler 2, Winnebago. May. SMILACEiE. Smilax herbacea L. Sp. PI. 1030. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 376, Mayville ; 467, Jefferson. July, Aug. Wheeler: flora of southeastern Minnesota. 379 Smilax hispida Muhl. ; Torr. Fl. iV. Y. 2 : 302. 1843. Coll.: Wheeler 372, Crooked Creek; Lyon 258, Jeffer- son. July. AMARYLLIDACE^. Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 118. 1894. Coll. : Wheeler 91, Winnebago. June. DIOSCOREACE^. Dioscorea villosa L. Sp. PI. 1033. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 322, May ville ; 364, Crooked Creek. IRIDACE^. Iris versicolor L. Sp. PI. 39. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 362, Jefferson. Aug. Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. Gard. Diet. Ed. 7. 1759- Coll. : Lyon 75, Winnebago. June. ORCHIDACE^. Cypripedium reginge Walt. Fl. Car. 222. 1788. Coll. : Wheeler 192, Winnebago. June. Cypripedium candidum Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 142. 1805. Coll. : Wheeler 99, Winnebago. June. Cypripedium hirsutum Mill. Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, No. 3. 1768. Coll. : Wheeler 66, 82, Winnebago. June. Orchis spectabilis L. Sp. PI. 943. 1753. Coll. : Plerb. Wheeler 8, Winnebago. June. Habenaria bracteata (Willd.) R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kevv, Ed. 2, 5: 192. 1813. Coll. : Wheeler 106, Winnebago. June. Habenaria leucophaea (Nutt.) A. Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 502. 1867. Coll. : Wheeler 299, Crooked Creek. July. Habenaria psycodes (L.) A. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 38: 310. 1840. Coll.: Wheeler 386, Jefferson. July. Peramium pubescens (Willd.) MacINL Met. Minn. 172. 1892. Coll. : Lyon 100, Winnebago. June. 380 MINXESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. LeptorcMs liliifolia (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 671. 1891. Coll.: Wheeler 107, 168, 195, Winnebago; 350, Crooked Creek; 391, Jefferson. June, July. JUGLANDACE^. Juglans nigra L. Sp. PI. 997. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 243. Crooked Creek. July. Juglans cinerea L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 1415. 1763. Coll. : Lyon 62, 108, Winnebago. June. Hicoria minima (Marsh.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, 15 : 284. 1888. Coll.: Lyon 149, Winnebago ; 238, 239, Mayville ; 475, Jefferson. June, Aug. Hicoria ovata (Mill) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, 15: 283. 1888. Coll. : Lyon 71, Winnebago; 474, Jefferson. June, Aug. SALICACE^. Populus alba L. Sp. PI. 1034. ^753- Coll. : Lyon 159, Winnebago. June. Populus balsamifera candicans (Ait.) A. Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 419. 1856. Coll. : Lyon 156, Winnebago. June. Populus grandidentata Michx. F1. Bor. Am. 2: 243. 1803. Coll. : Lyon 64, Winnebago. June. Populus tremuloides Michx. F1. Bor. Am. 2: 243. 1803. Coll. : Lyon 88, Winnebago. June. Populus deltoides Marsh, Arb. Am. 106. 1785. Coll. : Lyon 125, Winnebago. June. Salix nigra Marsh, Arb. Am. 139. 1785. Coll. : Wheeler 265, Winnebago. June. Salix amygdaloides Anders. Ofv. Handl. Vet. Akad. 1858: 114. 1858. Coll. : Wheeler 137, Winnebago. June. Salix lucida Muhl. Neue Scrift. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin, 4: 239. pLd./.y. 1803. Coll.: Wheeler 138^, Winnebago ; 232, Crooked Creek. June, July. Wheeler: flora of southeastern Minnesota. 381 Salix fluviatilis Nutt. Sylva, i : 73. 1842. Coll.: Wheeler 136, Winnebago; 333, Crooked Creek. June, July. Salix bebbiana Sarg. Gard. & For. 8: 463. 1895. Coll. : Wheeler 343, Crooked Creek. July. Salix humilis Marsh, Arb. Am. 140. 1785. Coll. : Wheeler 181, Winnebago. June. Salix discolor Muhl. Neue Schrift. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin, 4: 234.^/. 6. f. /. 1803. Coll.: Wheeler 138, Winnebago; 334, Crooked Creek. June, July. BETULACEiE. Carpinus caroliniana Walt. F1. Car. 236. 1788. Coll. : Lyon 56, Winnebago. June. Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 469. 1805. Coll. : Wheeler 200, Winnebago. June. Corylus americana Walt. F1. Car. 236. 1788. Coll. : Wheeler 22, Winnebago. June. Corylus rostrata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 364. 1789. Coll.: Wheeler 223, Winnebago : 275, Crooked Creek. June. Not previously collected from southern part of state. Local on bluffs. Betula papyrifera Marsh. Art. Am. 19. 1785. Coll. : Wheeler 215, Jefferson. June. Common, dry ridges. (Plates XXIIL, A and XXIV., B.) Betula nigra L. Sp. PI. 982. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 553, Jefferson. Aug. Common in the lowlands of the Mississippi River. Betula lenta L. Sp. PI. 983. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 165, Winnebago. June. Not previously collected in the southern part of the state. Rare. Betula lutea Michx. f. Arb. Am. 2: 1^2. pi. ^. 1812. Coll.: Wheeler 199, Winnebago; 271, Crooked Creek; 325, Mayville. June, July. Frequent in moist locations along Winnebago and Crooked creeks. 382 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Betula pumila L. Mant. 124. 1767. Coll. ; Wheeler 272, Crooked Creek. June. Local along Crooked creek, forming large thickets in wet meadows. Alnus incana (L.) WiLLD. Sp. PL 4: 335. 1805. Coll. : Wheeler 617, Brownsville. , Aug. Local at mouth of Wild Cat creek. FAGACE^. Quercus rubra L. Sp. PI. 996. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 640, 641, Jefferson. Aug. Common throughout. Quercus coccinea Wang. Amer. 44. -pi. 4.. f. g. 1787. Coll. : Wheeler 644, 645, Jefferson. Aug. Common throughout. Quercus velutina Lam. Enc}-cl. i: 721. 1783. Coll. : Wheeler 642, 643, Jefferson. Aug. Prof. Sargent writes about 643 : " Collection 643, which I call ^. velutina, differs from that species as it usually occurs by the much smaller less tomentose buds ; the acorns, however, are clearly from J^. velutina. I fre- quently have seen specimens of this same form from the region immediately west of the Great Lakes. It appears sometimes as if it might be a hybrid between ^. velutina and ^ coccinea but its occurrence is too frequent and its distribution too wide to admit of this supposition. With the present state of our knowledge I can but refer it to ^. velutina." o^. velutina does not seem to be nearly so common in this region as ^ coccinea. Quercus alba L. Sp. PL 996. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 638, Jefferson. Aug. Common on ridges of bluffs throughout. Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. 2. //. 2j. 1801. Coll. : Wheeler 639, Jefferson. Aug. Common throughout. Quercus platanoides (Lam.) Sudw. Rep. Secy. Agric. 1892 : 327. 1893. Coll.: Wheeler 366, Crooked Creek; 456, 538, 654, Jefferson. Jul}^, Aug. Wheeler : flora of southeastern Minnesota. 383 No previous collection reported from Minnesota. Reported by Garrison as frequent at several points near the head- waters of the Mississippi. Frequent on the lowlands of the Mississippi in Jefferson and Crooked Creek townships and in Allamakee Co., Iowa. Quercus prinoides Willd. Neue Schrift. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin, 3: 397. 1801. Coll. : Wheeler 360, Crooked Creek. July. Not previously reported from Minnesota. Whether this is the species reported by Lapham as ^ castanea Willd. cannot be ascertained as there are no specimens from Lap- ham's collection in the Herbarium of the University. The specimens were collected from two trees on the side of a bluff in section 19, township 102 N., range 4 W. ULMACEiE. Ulmus americana L. Sp. PI. 226. 1753- Coll. : Wheeler 24, Winnebago. June. Ulmus racemosa Thomas, Am. Jour. Sci. 19 : 170. 183 1. Coll. : Wheeler 315, Mayville. July. Infrequent on lowland near Crooked creek. Ulmus fulva Michx. F1. Bor. Am. i : 172. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler 23, Winnebago. June. Celtis occidentalis L. Sp. PI. 1044. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 240, Winnebago ; 278, Crooked Creek; L3'on 374, Jefferson. June, Aug. MORACE^. Morus rubra L. Sp. PL 986. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 368, Jefferson. Aug. Infrequent along Mississippi river. Humulus lupulus L. Sp. PI. 1028. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 312, Winnebago. Aug. Cannabis sativa L. Sp. PI. 1027. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 282, Jefferson. Aug. URTICACEiE. Urtica gracilis Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 341. 1789. Coll. : Lyon 126, Winnebago. June. 384 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Urticastrum divaricatum (L.) Kuxtze, Rev. Gen. PL 635. 1891. Coll.: Lyon 117, Winnebago; 358, Jefferson. June, Aug. Adicea pumila (L.) Raf. ; Torr. Fl. N. Y. 2 : 223. As syn- onym. 1S43. Coll.: Wheeler 327, Mayville ; 653, Jefferson. July, Aug. Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4; 955. 1806. Coll. : Lyon 191, Crooked Creek. July. SANTALACEiE. Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. Gen. i : 157. 1818. Coll. : Lyon 90, Winnebago. June. ARISTOLOCHIACEiE. Asarum canadense L. Sp. PI. 442. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 57, Winnebago. June. POLYGONACEiE. Rumex acetosella L. Sp. PL 338. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 130, Winnebago. June. Rumex crispus L. Sp. PL 335. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 127, 158, Winnebago. June. Polygonum hartwrightii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, 8 : 294. 1870. Coll. : Wheeler 606, Brownsville. Aug. Polygonum emersum (Michx.) Britton, Trans. N, Y. Acad. Sci. 8 : 73. 1879. Coll. : Wheeler 394, 458, Jefferson. Jul}-, Aug. Polygonum incarnatum Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. i : 456. 1817. Coll. : Wheeler 419, Jefferson. July. Polyonum hydropiper L. Sp. PL 361. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 494, Jefferson. Aug. Polygonum punctatum Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. i : 455. 181 7. Coll. : Wheeler 537, 539, Jefferson. Aug. Polygonum orientale L. Sp. PL 362. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 448, Jefferson. Aug. Wheeler : FLORA of southeastern Minnesota. 385 Polygonum virginianum L. Sp. PL 360. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 580, Jefferson ; 597. Crooked Creek. Aug. The only previous collections from Minnesota are Sheldon, Madison lake and Sheldon, Zumbrota. Infrequent in moist woods along Mississippi river. Polygonum ramosissimumMicHx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 237. 1803. Coll.: Wheeler 514, Winnebago ; 531, Jefferson. Aug. Polygonum tenue Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 238. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler, 351, Crooked Creek. July. The only previous authentic collection from Minnesota is Moyer, Montevideo. Infrequent on dry sandy ridges. Polygonum convolvulus L. Sp. PL 364. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 451, Jefferson. Aug. Polygonum scandens L. Sp. PL 364. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 646, Jefferson. Aug. Polygonum sagittatum L. Sp. PL 363. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 387, Jefferson. July. CHENOPODIACEiE. Chenopodium botrys L. Sp. PL 219. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 472, Jefferson. Aug. Salsola tragus L. Sp. PL Ed. 2, 322. 1762. Coll. : Lyon 396, Jefferson. Aug. AMARANTHACE^. Amaranthus retroflexus L. Sp. PL 991. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 598, Crooked Creek. Aug. Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 273. 1877. Coll. : Wheeler 452, Jefferson. Aug. Acnida tamariscina (Nutt.) Wood, Bot. & Fl. 289. ' 1873. Coll. : Wheeler 522, 547, Jefferson. Aug. Froelichia floridana (Nutt.) Moq^ in DC. Prodr. 13: Part 2, 420. 1849. Coll. : Lyon 304, 325, Jefferson. Aug. NYCTAGINACE^. Allionia nyctaginea Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 100. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler 76, Lyon 40, Winnebago. June. 386 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. AUionia linearis Pursh, F1. Am. Sept. 728. 1814. Coll. : Wheeler 392, Jefferson. July. Not previously collected in Minnesota. Collections Oest- lund 155 and Herrick 256, Minneapolis, in the Herbarium of the University and reported in Metasperma^ of Minne- sota Valley as A. linearis Pursh ? should be A. Jiirsitta Pursh. AIZOACE^. Mollugo verticillata L. Sp. PI. 89. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 279, 302, Jefferson. July, Aug. CARYOPHYLLACE^. Silene stellata (L.) Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3: 84. 181 1. Coll. : Lyon 254, Wheeler 508, Winnebago. July, Aug. Silene alba Muhl. Cat. 45. 1813. Coll. : Lyon 164, Winnebago. June. The only previous collections from Minnesota are from Goodhue and Winona counties. Frequent along Winne- bago and Crooked creeks. Silene antirrhina L. Sp. PL 419. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 171, Winnebago. June. Cerastium longipedunculatum Muhl. Cat. 46. 18 13. Coll. : Lyon 8, Winnebago. June. NYMPHiEACE^. Nymphaea advena Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew. 2 : 226. 1789. Coll.: Wheeler 307, Crooked Creek; 454, Jefferson. July, Aug. (Plate XXVH., B.) Castalia tuberosa (Paine) Greene, Bull. Torr. Club, 15: 84. 1888. Coll. : Wheeler 293, 439, 496, Jefferson. July, Aug. Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers. Syn. i : 92. 1805. Coll. : Wheeler 409, 494, Jefferson. Jul}', Aug. Abundant in the sloughs of the Mississippi river at Jefferson. (Plate XXV., A.) CERATOPHYLLACEiE. Ceratophyllum demersum L. Sp. PI. 992. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 367, 480, Jefferson. Aug. Common in the sloughs of the Mississippi river at Jefferson and Crooked Creek. Wheeler: flora of southeastern Minnesota. 387 RANUNCULACEiE. Caltha palustris L. Sp. PI. 558. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 244, Crooked Creek. July. Actsea rubra (Ait.) Willd. Enum. 561. 1809. Coll.: Lyon 450, Jefferson. Aug. Actaea alba (L.) Mill. Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, No. 2. 1768. Coll. : Lyon 16, Winnebago. June. Aquilegia canadensis L. Sp. PI. 533. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 84, Winnebago. June. Anemone virginiana L. Sp. PI. 540. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 9, Winnebago; 245, Crooked Creek. June, July. Anemone canadensis L. Syst. Ed. 12, 3: App. 231. 1768. Coll.: Lyon 286^, Jefferson. July. Anemone quinquefolia L. Sp. PI. 541. 1753. Coll. : Herb. Wheeler 4, Winnebago. May. Hepatica acuta (Pursh) Britton, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 6: 234. 1891. Coll. : Wheeler 134, Winnebago. June. Syndesmon thalictroides (L.) Hoffmg. Flora, 15: Part 2, Intell. Bl. 4, 34. 1832. Coll. : Wheeler 36, Winnebago. June. Pulsatilla hirsutissima (Pursh) Britton, Am. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 6 : 217. 1891. Coll. : Wheeler 73, Winnebago. June. Clematis virginiana L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 275. 1759. Coll.: Wheeler 194, Winnebago; 355, Crooked Creek. June, July. Atragene americana Sims, Bot. Mag. -pi. SSj. 1806. Coll.: Wheeler 259, Winnebago ; 320, Mayville. June, July. Ranunculus delphinifolius Torr. ; Eaton, Man. Ed. 2, 395. 1818. Coll. : Lyon 201, Crooked Creek. July. Ranunculus abortivus L. Sp. PL 551. 1753- Coll. : Wheeler 15, Winnebago. June. Ranunculus pennsylvanicus L. f. Suppl. 272. 1781. Coll. : Lyon 364, 378, Jefferson. Aug. 388 MIXXESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. in Lam. Enc}^!. 6: 125. 1804. Coll. : Wheeler 6, Winnebago. June. Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix) Bossch, Prodr. Fl. Bot. 5. 1850. Coll. : LA'on 67, Winnebago. June. Batrachium divaricatum ( Schraxk ) Wimm. Fl. Schles. 1841 . Coll. : Lyon 219, Mayville. July. Thalictrum dioicum L. Sp. PI. 545. 1753. Coll. : Herb. Wheeler 13, Winnebago. June. Thalictrum purpurascens L. Sp. PL 546. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 99, Winnebago. June. BERBERIDACE^. Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) JNIichx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 20s. 1803. Coll. : Lyon 92, Winnebago. June. Podophyllum peltatum L. Sp. PI. 505. 1753. Coll. : Lj-on i, Wheeler 157, Winnebago. June. MENISPERMACE^. Menispermum canadense L. Sp. PI. 340. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 188, Winnebago. June. PAPAVERACE^. Sanguinaria canadensis L. Sp. PI. 505. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 169, Crooked Creek. June. Bicuculla cucullaria (L.) Millsp. Bull. W. Va. Agric. Exp. Sta. 2 : 327. 1892. Coll. : Wheeler 12, Winnebago. June. CRUCIFER^. Lepidium apetalum WiLLD. Sp. PI. 3: 439. 1801. Coll. : Lyon 123, Winnebago. June. Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Fl. Cam. Ed. 2,2: 26. 1772. Coll. : Lyon 422, Winnebago. Aug. Sisymbrium altissimum L. Sp. PI. 659. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 273, Wheeler 481, Jefferson. July, Aug. Brassica nigra (L.) Koch, in Roehl, Deutsche Fl. Ed. 3, 4: 713- 1833. Coll. : Lyon 233, Crooked Creek. July. Wheeler: flora of southeastern Minnesota. 389 Brassica arvensis (L.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 1888. Coll. : Lyon 86, Winnebago. June. Roripa palustris (L.) Bess. Enum. 27. 1821. Coll. : Lyon 200, Crooked Creek. July. Roripa nasturtium (L.) Rusby, Mem. Torr. Club, 3: Part 3, 5- 1893. Coll. : Lyon 89, Winnebago. June. Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 4. 1888. Coll.: Wheeler 167, Winnebago. June. Bursa bursa-pastoris (L.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5 : 172. 1894. Coll. : Lyon 120, Winnebago. June. Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, Stirp. Austr. i : 18. 1762. Coll. : Lyon 213, Mayville. July. Draba caroliniana Walt. F1. Car. 174. 1788. Coll. : Lyon 47, Winnebago. June. Arabis laevigata (MuHL.) Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. i : 411. 1810. Coll. : Wheeler 154, Winnebago. June. Arabis canadensis L. Sp. PI. 665. 1753. Coll.: Lyon iii, Winnebago; 212, Crooked Creek. June, July. Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. Verz. Syst. Erf. 195. 1800. Coll. : Lyon 122, Winnebago ; 227, Mayville. June, July. Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Sp. PL 661. 1753. Coll.: Lyon 187, Crooked Creek; 226, Mayville. Jul3% CAPPARIDACE^. Polanisia graveolens Raf. Am. Journ. Sci. i : 378. 1819. Coll. : Lyon 277, Jefferson. July. CRASSULACE^. Penthorum sedoides L. Sp. PI. 432. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 384, Jefferson. July. SAXIFRAGACEiE. Saxifraga pennsylvanica L. Sp. PI. 399. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 180, Winnebago. June. Heuchera hispida Pursh, F1. Am. Sept. 188. 1814. Coll. : Wheeler 83, Winnebago. June. 390 MINNESOTA ROTANICAL STUDIES. Mitella diphyllajL. S p. PI. 406. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 40, Winnebago. June. Parnassia caroliniana Michx. F1. Bor. Am. i : 184. 1803. Coll.: Wheeler 587, Crooked Creek; 629, Brownsville. Aug. GROSSULARIACEiE. Ribes cynosbati L. Sp. PL 202, 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 77, no, Winnebago. June. Ribes uva-crispa L. Sp. PI. 201. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 30, 75, 248, Winnebago. June. Frequently adventive in open woods throughout. Ribes floridum L'Her. Stirp. Nov. i : 4. 1784. Coll. : Lyon 82, Winnebago. June. HAMAMELIDACE^. Hamamelis virginiana L. Sp. PI. 124. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 150, Winnebago. June. Reported from southeastern Winona County. No Minnesota specimens in the Herbarium of the University. Local on north side of bluff in section 22 of Winnebago. ROSACEA. Opulaster opulifolius (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 949. 1891. Coll. : Lyon 33, 103, Winnebago. June. Spircea salicifolia L. Sp. PI. 489. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 438, 464, Jefferson. Aug. Rubus occidentalis L. Sp. PI. 493. 1753. Coll.: Lyon 55, Winnebago; Wheeler 453, Jefferson. June, Aug. Rubus villosus Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 210. 1789. Coll. : Wheeler 105, Lyon 296, Winnebago. June, Aug. Rubus canadensis L. Sp. PI. 494. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 396, Jefferson. Jul3^ Fragaria americana (Porter) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, 19 : 222. 1892. Coll. : Wheeler 135, Winnebago. June. Potentilla arguta Pursh, F1. Am. Sept. 736. 1814. Coll. : Lyon 247, Crooked Creek. July. Potentilla monspeliensis L. Sp. PI. 499. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 439, Jefferson. Aug. Wheeler: flora of southeastern Minnesota. 391 Potentilla canadensis L. Sp. PL 498. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 86, Winnebago. June. Geum canadense Jacq^ Hort. Vind. 2: 82. _^/. 775. 1772. Coll. : L3^on 209, Crooked Creek. July. Geum strictum Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 217. 1789. Coll. : Wheeler 277, Lyon 195, Crooked Creek. June, July. Agrimonia hirsuta (Muhl.) Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club, 23 : 509. 1896. Coll. : Lyon 196, 228, Crooked Creek. July. Rose blanda Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 202. 1789. Coll. : Lyon 37, 431, Winnebago. June, Aug. Rosa arkansana Porter, Syn. Fl. Colo. 38. 1874. Coll.: Wheeler 441, Lyon 343, Jefferson; Lyon 339, Winnebago. Aug. POMACES. Malus ioensis (Wood) Brittox, in Britt. & Brown, 111. Fl. 2 : 235./. igSo. 1897. Coll. : Wheeler 88, 160, Winnebago ; 605, Crooked Creek. June, Aug. Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medic. Geschichte, 79. 1793. Coll. : Wheeler 37, 500, Winnebago. June, Aug. Amelanchier botryapium (L. f.) DC. Prodr. 2: 632. 1825. Coll. : Wheeler 253, Winnebago. June. Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. ; T. & G. Fl. N. A. i: 473. As synonym. 1840. Coll. : Wheeler 203, Winnebago. June. Crataegus punctata Jacq^ Hort. Vind. i: \o.fl. 28. 1770. Coll. : Wheeler 141, 651, Winnebago. June, Aug. Crataegus coccinea L. Sp. PL 476. 1753. Coll. : Lyon loi, Winnebago, June. Crataegus macracantha Lodd. ; Loudon, Arb. Brit. Ed. 2, 2: 819. 1854. Coll. : Wheeler 499, Winnebago. Aug. Not previously reported from Minnesota. Crataegus tomentosa L. Sp. PL 476. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 3, Wheeler 140, Winnebago. June. 392 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. DRUPACEiE. Prunus americana Marsh. Arb. Am. iii. 1785. Coll. : Wheeler 353, Crooked Creek. July. Prunus nigra Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 165. 1789. Coll.: Wheeler 321, 354, ]Mayville ; 501, Winnebago. July, Aug. Not previously reported from Minnesota. This species has been recognized by horticulturists in several parts of the state but no previous authentic collections are known to have been made. It is common on the lowlands of the North and South forks of Crooked creek. Also col- lected on the banks of Winnebago creek and in East Burns valley, Winona county. Prunus virginiana L. Sp. PL 473. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 345, Crooked Creek. July. Prunus serotina Ehrh. Beitr. 3: 20. 1788. Coll. : Wheeler 178, Winnebago. June. CiESALPINACEiE. Cassia chamaecrista L. Sp. PI. 379. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 256, Jefferson. July. Gleditsia triacanthos L. Sp. PL 1056. 1753. Coll. : Lyon and Wheeler; 413, W. Jefferson. July. Not previously reported from Minnesota. This tree has been frequently cultivated for ornament throughout the southern part of the state but no native trees have previously been reported. It is frequent on the islands of the Mississippi river in northeastern low-a and extends north along the river into Houston county, Minnesota, where it probably reaches its northern limit. The tree from which the col- lection was made is 59 feet high and has a trunk-circum- ference of 6 feet, 3 feet from the ground. Gymnocladus dioica Koch, Dendrol. 1:5. 1869. Coll.: Lyon 193, 230, Crooked Creek; 271, Jefferson. July. (Plate XXIV., A.) PAPILIONACEiE. Baptisia bracteata Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. i : 469. 1817. Coll. : Wheeler 94, Lyon 34, Winnebago ; Lyon 202, Crooked Creek. June, July. Wheeler : flora of southeastern Minnesota. 393 Baptisia leucantha T. & G. Fl. N. A. i : 385. 1840. Coll. : L3^on 194, Crooked Creek. July. Trifolium hybridum L. Sp. PL 766. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 421, Winnebago. Aug. Trifolium repens L. Sp. PI. 767. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 118, Winnebago. June. Amorpha fruticosa L. Sp. PI. 713. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 473, Jefferson. Aug. Amorpha canescens Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 467. 1814. Coll. : Wheeler 291, Ma3'ville. July. Kuhnistera Candida (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 192. 1891. Coll. : Wheeler 397, Jefferson. July. Kuhnistera purpurea (Vent.) MacM. Met. Minn. 329. 1892. Coll. : Lyon 262, Jefferson. July. Astragalus carolinianus L. Sp. PI. 757. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 257, 395, Jefferson. July, Aug. Meibomia grandiflora (Walt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 196. 1891. Coll. : Lyon 198, 246, Crooked Creek. July. Meibomia dillenii (Darl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 195. 1891. Coll. : Wheeler 482, Jefferson. Aug. No previously collected Minnesota specimens in the Her- barium of the University. Meibomia illinoensis (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 198. 1891. Coll. : Wheeler 390, 446, Jefferson ; 609, Brownsville. July, Aug. Not previously reported from Minnesota. Frequent and in some places common in dry fields and hillsides. Meibomia canadensis (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 195. 1891. Coll. : Wheeler 331, Crooked Creek. July. Lespedeza capitata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 71. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler 525, Jefferson. Aug. Lathyrus venosus Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1092. 1803. Coll. : Lyon 48, Winnebago. June. Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 159. 1833. Coll. : Lyon 87, Winnebago. June. 394 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Falcata comosa (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 182. 1891. Coll.: Wheeler 507, L3'on 332, Winnebago; L3-on 469, Jefferson. Aug. Falcata pitcheri(T. & G.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 182. 1891. Coll. : Wheeler 573, Jefferson. Aug. Not previously reported from Minnesota. Several specimens of this species, previously reported as F. comosa^ have been collected in southern Minnesota. Probably common throughout the southern part of the state. Apios apios (L.) MacM. Bull. Torr. Club, 19: 15. 1892. Coll. : Wheeler, 337, Crooked Creek : Wheeler 399, Lyon 388, Jefferson. July, Aug. Strophostyles helvola (L.) Brittox in Britt. & Brown, 111. Fl. 2: 338./. 223s. 1897. Coll. : Lyon 387, Jefferson. Aug. GERANIACEiE. Geranium maculatum L. Sp. PI. 681. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 4, Winnebago. June. OXALIDACEiE. Oxalis violacea L. Sp. PI. 434. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 50, Winnebago. June. Oxalis striata L. Sp. PI. 435. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 81, Winnebago. June. LINACEiE. Linum sulcatum Riddel, Suppl. Cat. Ohio PI. 10. 1836. Coll. : Wheeler 290, Mayville ; 431, Jefferson. July. RUTACEiE. Xanthoxylum americanum Mill. Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, No. 2. 1768. Coll. : Wheeler 132, 413, Winnebago. June, Aug. POLYGALACEiE. Polygala verticillata L. Sp. PI. 706. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 342, Crooked Creek; 428, Jefferson. July. Polygala viridescens L. Sp. PI. 705. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 483, Jefferson. Aug. Wheeler: flora of southeastern Minnesota. 395 Polygala senega L. Sp. PL 704. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 21, Winnebago. June. EUPHORBIACEiE. Acalypha virginica L. Sp. PI. 1003. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 349, 397, 463, Jefferson. Aug. Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 187. 1859. Coll. : Wheeler 434, Jefferson. July. Euphorbia maculata L. Sp. PL 455. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 430, Jefferson. July. Euphorbia nutans Lag. Gen. & St. 17. 18 16. Coll. : Wheeler 336, Crooked Creek. July. Euphorbia coroUata L. Sp. PL 459. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 189, Wheeler 375, Crooked Creek. July. Euphorbia heterophylla L. Sp. PL 453. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 466, Jefferson. Aug. Euphorbia cyparissias L. Sp. PL 461. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 437, Jefferson. Aug. ANACARDIACE.E. Rhus hirta (L.) Sudw. Bull. Torr. Club, 19: 82. 1892. Coll.: Lyon 319, Jefferson. Aug. Rhus glabra L. Sp. PL 265. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 272, Jefferson. July. Rhus radicans L. Sp. PL 266. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 327, 350, Jefferson. Aug. CELASTRACE^. Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq^ Hort. Vind. 2: 5. //• 120. 1772. Coll.: Lyon 140, Winnebago; 263, Jefferson. June, July. Celastrus scandens L. Sp. PL 196. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 104, Winnebago; Lyon 380, Jefferson. June, Aug. STAPHYLEACE^. Staphylea trifolia L. Sp. PL 270. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 202, Winnebago. June. 396 MIXXESOTA BOTAXICAL STUDIES. ACERACE^. Acer saccharinum L. Sp. PL 1055. 1753. Coll.: Lvon 149, Winnebago; 274, Jefferson. June, Acer nigrum Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 2 : 238. fl. 16. 1810. Coll. : Wheeler 149, Winnebago. June. Acer spicatum Lam. Encycl. 2 : 381. 1786. Coll.: Wheeler 163, 198, Winnebago; 319, Mayville ; 625, Brownsville. June, Aug. Frequent on moist shaded cliffs throughout. Acer negundo L. Sp. PL 1056. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 119, Winnebago. June. BALSAMINACE.E. Impatiens aurea Muhl. Cat. 26. 1813. Coll. : Wheeler 328, Mayville. July. RHAMNACE^. Ceanothus americanus L. Sp. PL 195. 1753. Coll. : L3-on 66^ Winnebago : Wheeler 356, Crooked Creek. June, July. Ceanothus ovatus Desf. Hist. Arb. 2 : 381. 1809. Coll. : Wheeler 92, Lyon 66y2, Winnebago. June. VITACE^. Vitis vulpina L. Sp. PL 203. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 139, Winnebago; 344, Crooked Creek. June, July. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Plaxch. in DC. Mon. Phan. 5: Part 2, 448. 1887. Coll.: Wheeler 235, Winnebago; Lyon 379, Jefferson. June, Aug. TILIACE^. Tilia americana L. Sp. PL 514. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 211, Mayville. July. MALVACE^. Malva rotundifolia L. Sp. PL 688. 1753. Coll.: L3'on 491, Jefferson. Aug. Wheeler: flora of southeastern Minnesota. 397 Napaea dioica L. Sp. PL 686. 1753. Coll. : L}'©!! 266, Jefferson. July. Previously collected at Vasa and Lanesboro. Rare on low- land near Winnebago creek. Abutilon abutilon (L.) Rusby, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 222. 1894. Coll. : Lyon 283, Jefferson. Jul}-. HYPERICACE^. Hypericum ascyron L. Sp. PI. 783. 1753. Coll.: Lyon 235, Crooked Creek; 436, Winnebago. June, Aug. Hypericum maculatum Walt. F1. Car. 1S9. 1788. Coll.: Wheeler 442, 483, Jefferson; 615, Brownsville; Lyon 452, Jefferson. Aug. Hypericum majus (A. Gray) Brittox, Mem. Torr. Club, 5 : 225. 1894. Coll.: Wheeler 427, Jefferson; 601, Crooked Creek. July, Aug. CISTACE^. Helianthemum majus (L.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 6. 1888. Coll.: Lyon 167, Crooked Creek; Wheeler 477, Jeffer- son; 633, Brownsville. Aug. Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx. F1. Bor. Am. i : 308. 1803. Coll.: Wheeler 631, Brownsville. Aug. Lechea stricta Leggett ; Brittox, Bull. Torr. Club, 21 : 251. 1894. Coll. : Wheeler 359, Crooked Creek; Lyon 331, Winne- bago. July, Aug. VIOLACE.E. Viola pedatifida Dox, Gard. Diet, i : 320. 183 1. Coll. : Wheeler 429, Jefferson. July. Viola obliqua Hill, Hort. Kew. 316. fl. 12. 1769. Coll.: Wheeler 114, Winnebago. June. Viola pedata L. Sp. PI. 933. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 216, Jefferson. June. 398 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Viola pubescens Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 290. 1789. Coll.: Wheeler 205, Winnebago. June. THYMELEACE^. Dirca palustris L. Sp. PI. 358. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 520, Winnebago. Aug. Rare in moist thickets near Winnebago creek. LYTHRACE^. Lythrum alatum Pursh, F1. Am. Sept. 334. 1814. Coll. : Lyon 281, W^heeler 416, Jefferson. July. ONAGRACE^. Bpilobium coloratum Muhl. ; Willd. Enum. i : 411. 1809. Coll. : Wheeler 479, Jefferson ; 608, Brownsville. Aug. Epilobium adenocaulon Haussk. Oest. Bot. Zeit. 29: 119. 1879. Coll. : Wheeler 323, Mayville ; 595, Crooked Creek ; Lyon 457, Jefferson. July, Aug. Onagra biennis ( L.) Scop. F1. Carn. Ed. 2, i: 269. 1772. Coll.: Lyon 166^, Winnebago; 286, Jefferson. June, CEnothera rhombipetala Nutt. ; T. & G. Fl. N. A. i : 493. 1840. Coll. : Lyon 323, Jefferson. Aug. Gaura biennis L. Sp. PI. 347. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 574, Jefferson. Aug. No previous authentic collection from Minnesota. There are no Minnesota specimens in the Herbarium of the Univer- sity. Miss Manning's collection of 1883 from Pepin, Wis., is probably the one upon which is based the report of this species by Upham and others. Circaea lutetiana L. Sp. PL 9. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 270, Crooked Creek. June. Circaea alpina L. Sp. PI. 9. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 152, Winnebago. June. ARALIACEiE. Aralia racemosa L. Sp. PI. 273. 1753. Coll.: Lyon 345, Jefferson. Aug. Wheler : flora of southeastern Minnesota. 399 Aralia nudicaulis L. Sp. PI. 274. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 15, Winnebago. June. Panax quinquefolium L. Sp. PL 1058. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 210, Mayville ; Wheeler 469, Jefferson. July, Aug. UMBELLIFERvE. Angelica atropurpurea L. Sp. PI. 251. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 311, Crooked Creek. July. Heracleum lanatum Michx. F1. Bor. Am. i : 166. 1803. Coll. : Lyon 93, Winnebago. June. Sanicula marylandica L. Sp. PI. 235. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 175, Winnebago. June. Sanicula gregaria Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club, 22 : 354. 1895. Coll. : Wheeler 177, Winnebago. June. The only precious collection from Minnesota is that of Shel- don, Milaca, 1892. Sanicula canadensis L. Sp. PI. 235. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 260, Jefferson. July. Sanicula trifoliata Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club, 22 : 359. 1895. Coll. : Lyon 214, Mayville. July. Not previously reported from Minnesota. Pimpinella integerrima (L.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 345. 1868. Coll. : Wheeler 179, Winnebago. June. Washingtonia claytoni (Michx.) Britton in Brit. & Brown, 111. Fl. 2: 530./. 2680. 1897. Coll. : Lyon 7, Winnebago. June. Slum cicutasfolium Gmel. Syst. 2 : 482. 1791. Coll. : Wheeler 545, Lyon 449, Jefferson. Aug. Zizia aurea (L.) Koch, Nov. Act. Caes. Leop. 12 : 129. 1825. Coll.: Wheeler 174, Winnebago; Lyon 261, Jefferson. June, July. Zizia cordata DC. Prodr. 4: 100. 1830. Coll. : Lyon 292, 352, Jefferson. July. Cicuta maculata L. Sp. PL 256. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 338, Crooked Creek. July. 400 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Cicuta bulbifera L. Sp. PL 255. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 607, Brownsville. Aug. Deringa canadensis (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 266. 1891. Coll. : Wheeler 193, Winnebago. June. Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4 : 115. 1893. Coll. : Wheeler 588, Crooked Creek. Aug. In cold springs at the head of Clear creek. Hydrocotyle americana L. Sp. PI. 234. 1753- Coll. : Wheeler 314, Mayville. July. The only previously reported locality of collection is St. Croix Falls. Rare in moist woods near Crooked creek. CORNACE^. Cornus circinata L'Her. Cornus, 7. -pi. 3. 1788. Coll. : Wheeler 81, Winnebago. June. Cornus amonum Mill. Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, No. 5. 1768. Coll. : Lyon 351, Jefferson. Aug. Cornus stolonifera Michx. F1. Bor. Am. i : 92. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler 69, 173, Winnebago. June. Cornus candidissima Marsh, Arb. Am. 35. 1785. Coll. : Wheeler 172, Winnebago. June. PYROLACE.E. Pyrola elliptica NuTT. Gen. 1 : 273. 1818. Coll.: Wheeler 191, Winnebago; 276, Crooked Creek. June, July. ERICACE^. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. S3'st. 2: 287. 1825. Coll. : Lyon 116, Jefferson. June. On a sandy point of a bluff in section 19 of Jefferson. PRIMULACE^. Lysimachia terrestris (L.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 34. 1888. Coll. : Lyon 249, Crooked Creek. July. Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf. Ann. Gen. Phys. 7 : 192. 1820. Coll. : Lyon 251, Crooked Creek. July. Dodecatheon meadia L. Sp. PI. 144. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 340, Crooked Creek. July. Wheeler: flora of southeastern Minnesota. 401 Previously collected only in Winona and Wabasha counties. Rare in moist woods. OLEACE^. Fraxinus lanceolata BoRCK. Handb. Forst. Bot. i : 826. 1800. Coll. : Lyon 300, Jefferson. Aug. Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Arb. Am. 51. 1785. Coll. : Lvon 173, Crooked Creek. June. (Plate XXIII., B.) GENTIANACE^. Gentiana crinita Froel. Gen. 112. 1796. Coll. : Lyon 454, 488, Jefferson. Aug. Gentiana quinquefolia L. Sp. PI. 230. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 455, 487, Jefferson. Aug. Gentiana flavida A. Gray, Journ. Sci. (II.) i: 180. 1846. Coll.: Wheeler 516, Winnebago; 596, Crooked Creek. Aug. APOCYNACE^. Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Sp. PI. 213. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 188, Crooked Creek. July. Apocynum cannabinum L. Sp. PI. 213. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 471, Jefferson. Aug. Apocynum cannabinum glaberrimum DC. Prodr. 8 : 439. 1844. Coll. : Lyon 357, Jefferson. Aug. ASCLEPIADACE^. Asclepias tuberosa L. Sp. PI. 217. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 287, 369, Crooked Creek; Lyon 356, Jefferson. July, Aug. Asclepias incarnata L. Sp. PL 215. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 177, Winnebago ; 365, Jefferson. June, Aug. Asclepias obtusifolia Michx. F1. Bor. Am. i: 115. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler 569, Jefferson. Aug. Previously reported only by Lapham. Infrequent on dry hillsides. Asclepias exaltata (L.) Muhl. Cat. 28. 1813. Coll. : Lyon 178, Winnebago. July. Asclepias syriaca L. Sp. PI. 214. 1753- Coll. : Lyon 176, Winnebago. July. 402 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Asclepias verticillata L. Sp. PL 217. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 286, Crooked Creek ; 378, Jefferson. July. Acerates viridiflora (Raf.) Eaton, Man. Ed. 5, 90. 1829. Coll.: Lyon 179, Winnebago; 309^, Jefferson. July, Aug. CONVOLVULACEiE. Convolvulus sepium L. Sp. PL 153. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 306, Crooked Creek. July. Convolvulus spithamaeus L. Sp. PL 158. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 207, Winnebago; 358, 371, Crooked Creek; 385, Jefferson. June, July. CUSCUTACE^. Cuscuta indecora Choisy, Mem. Soc. Gen. 9 : 278. fl. j. f. 5. 1841. Coll. : Wheeler 436, 557, 647, Jefferson. July, Aug. Cuscuta coryli Exgelm. Am. Journ. Sci. 43: 337- y. 7-1 1- 1842. Coll. : Wheeler 503, Winnebago. Aug. Cuscuta gronovii Willd. : R. & S. Syst. 6 : 205. 1820. Coll.: Wheeler 308, 592, Crooked Creek; 438, 440, Jefferson. July, Aug. Cuscuta paradoxa Raf. Ann. Nat. 13. 1820. Coll. : Wheeler 437, 648, Jefferson. July, Aug. POLEMONIACE^. Phlox pilosa L. Sp. PL 152. 1753. Coll. : Herb. Wheeler 14, Winnebago. June. Phlox divaricata L. Sp. PL 152. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 5, Winnebago. June. Polemonium reptans L. Syst. Ed. 10, No. i. 1759. Coll. : Wheeler 33, Winnebago. June. HYDROPHYLLACEiE. Hydrophyllum virginicum L. Sp. PI.146. 1753. Coll. : L3-on 11, Winnebago. June. Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx. FL Bor. Am. i : 134. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler 324, Mayville. July. Wheeler : flora of southeastern Minnesota. 403 Macrocalyx nyctelea (L.) Kuxtze, Rev. Gen. PL 434. 1891. Coll. : Lyon 19, Winnebago. June. BORAGINACEiE. Lappula lappula (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 979. 1880-83. Coll. : Lyon 186, Crooked Creek. July. Lappula virginianum ( L.) Greene, Pittonia, 2 : 182. 1891. Coll. : Lyon 237, Mayville. July. Lithospermum gmelini (Michx.) A. S. Hitchcock, Spring Fl. Manh. 30. 1894. Coll. : Lyon 281^, Jefferson. July. Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. Asperif. 305. 1818. Coll. : Lyon 27, Winnebago. June. Lithospermum angustifolium Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 130. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler 450, Jefferson. Aug. Onosmodium caroliniana (Lam.) DC. Prodr. 10: 70. 1846. Coll. : Wheeler 352, Crooked Creek. July. Lycopsis arvensis L. Sp. PI. 139. 1753. Coll. : Lyon no, Winnebago. June. Not previously reported from Minnesota. VERBENACE^. Verbena urticifolia L. Sp. PI. 20. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 406, 548, Jefferson. July, Aug. Verbena hastata L. Sp. PL 20. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 403, Jefferson. July. Verbena stricta Vent. Desc. PL Jard. Cels. -pi. jj. 1800. Coll. : Wheeler 401, Jefferson. July. Verbena bracteosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 13. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler 635, Brownsville. Aug. Lippia lanceolata Michx. FL Bor. Am. 2 : 15. 1803. Coll.: Lyon 279, Jefferson; Wheeler 622, Brownsville. July, Aug. Common on the very low lands of the Mississippi river. LABIATiE. Teucrium canadense L. Sp. PL 564. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 414, Jefferson. July. 404 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Scutellaria lateriflora L. Sp. PL 598. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 455, Jefferson ; 517, Winnebago. Aug. Scutellaria cordifolia Muhl. Cat. 56. 1813. Coll. : Wheeler 468, Jefferson. Aug. Scutellaria parvula MicHx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 11. 1803. Coll. : Lyon 39, Winnebago. June. Agastache scrophulariasfolia (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 511. 1891. Coll.: Wheeler, 465, Jefferson; Lyon 315, Winnebago. Aug. Nepeta cataria L. Sp. PL 570. 1753. Coll.: Lyon 288, 492, Jefferson. July. Glecoma hederacea L. Sp. PL 578. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 229, Crooked Creek. Jul3^ Prunella vulgaris L. Sp. PL 600. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 407, Jefferson. July. Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. Lab. Gen. and Sp. 504. 1834- Coll. : Lyon 295, Jefferson. July. Leonurus cardiaca L. Sp. PL 584. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 256, Lyon 418, Winnebago ; Wheeler 295, Mayville. June, July, Aug. Stachys palustris L. Sp. PL 580. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 300, Crooked Creek. July. Monarda fistulosa L. Sp. PL 22. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 185, Crooked Creek. July. Blephila hirsuta (Pursh) Torr. FL U. S. 27. 1824. Coll.: Lyon 225, Mayville; Wheeler 498, Winnebago. July, Aug. Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. Syn. 2 : 131. 1807. Coll. : Wheeler 610, Brownsville. Aug. Previously reported from the Mississippi river by Garrison and Miss Manning, but there are no Minnesota specimens in the Herbarium of the University. Hedeoma hispida Pursh, FL Am. Sept. 414. 1814. Coll. : Lyon 51, Winnebago. June. Clinopodium vulgare L. Sp. PL 587. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 411, Winnebago. Aug. Wheeler : flora of southeastern Minnesota. 405 Kcellia virginiana (L.) MacM. Met. Minn. 452. 1892. Coll. : Wheeler 363, Crooked Creek ; 405, Jefferson. July. Lycopus virginicus L. Sp. PI. 21. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 537, Jefferson. Aug. Lycopus rubellus Moench, Meth. Suppl. 146. 1802. Coll. : Lyon 314, 417, Winnebago. Aug. Lycopus americanus MuHL. ; Bart. Fl. Phil. Prodr. 15. 1815. Coll. : Lyon 335, 348, Jefferson. Aug. Lycopus lucidusTuRCz. ; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12 : 178. 1848. Coll. : Lyon 459, Jefferson. Aug. Mentha canadensis L. Sp. PI. 577. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 199, Crooked Creek. July. SOLANACE^. Physalis philadelphica Lam. Encycl. 2 : loi. 1786. Coll. : Lyon 359, Jefferson. Aug. Mr. Rydberg says: "This is a very peculiar form that I have never seen before. It may be a new species but in order to make a good description fruit is required. At present it should be referred to P. fhiladelfhica with which it agrees except in the very large and broad leaves. In that respect it resembles P. macro-physa Rydb. but the latter is a perennial not an annual as this plant." Physalis virginiana Mill. Card. Diet. Ed. 8, No. 4. 1768. Coll. : Lyon 63, Winnebago. June. Physalis heterophylla Nees, Linnasa, 6: 463. 1831. Coll. : Lyon 150, Winnebago. June. Solanum nigrum L. Sp. PI. 186. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 192, Crooked Creek. July. Datura tatula L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 256. 1762. Coll. : Wheeler 379, Jefferson. July. SCROPHULARIACEiE. Verbascum thapsus L. Sp. PI. 177. i753- Coll. : Wheeler 474, Jefferson. Aug. Scrophularia marylandica L. Sp. PI. 619. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 190, Winnebago ; 353, Jefferson. June, Aug. Chelone glabra L. Sp. PI. 611. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 586, Crooked Creek. Aug. 406 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Mimulus ringens L. Sp. PL 634. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 383, 546, Jefferson. July, Aug. Mimulus jamesii T. & G. ; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 371. 1846. Coll. : Lyon 68, Winnebago ; Wheeler 589, Crooked Creek. June, Aug. Ilysanthes gratioloides (L.) Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10; 419. 1846. Coll.: Lyon 361, 382, Jefferson; Wheeler 578 j/^. Crooked Creek. Aug. Veronica americanaScHWEiN. ; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 468. 1846. Coll. : Wheeler 147, Winnebago. June. Veronica peregrina L. Sp. PI. 14. 1753. Coll.: Lyon 83, Winnebago; Wheeler 415, Jefferson. June, July. Leptandra virginica (L.) Nutt. Gen. i: 7. 1818. Coll. : Lyon 234, 250, Crooked Creek. July. Dasystoma grandiflora (Benth.) Wood. Bot. & Flor. 231. 1873. Coll. : Wheeler 512, Winnebago. Aug. This is the first authentic specimen of this seen from Minnesota. Gerardia aspera Dougl. : Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 517. 1846. Coll. : Lyon 407, Jefferson. Aug. Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 79. 1794. Coll. : Lyon 406, 456, Wheeler 575, Jefferson; Wheeler 602, Crooked Creek. Aug. Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. Syst. 2: 775. 1825. Coll. : Wheeler 85, Winnebago. June. Castilleja sessiliflora PuRSH, Fl. Am. Sept. 738. 1814. Coll. : Lyon 69, Winnebago. June. Pedicularis lanceolata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 18. 1803. Coll.: Wheeler 515, Winnebago; 600, Crooked Creek. Aug. Pedicularis canadensis L. Mant. 86. 1767. Coll. : Lyon 35, Winnebago. June. LENTIBULARIACE^. Utricularia vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 18. 1753. Coll. ; Lyon 267, Wheeler 459, Jefferson. July, Aug. Wheeler: flora of southeastern Minnesota. 407 OROBANCHACEiE. Thalesia uniflora (L.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 298. 1894. Coll. : Lyon 70, Winnebago. June. PHRYMACE^. Phryma leptostachya L. Sp. PI. 601. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 298, Crooked Creek. July. PLANTAGINACEiE. Plantago major L. Sp. PL 112. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 124, Winnebago. June. RUBIACE^. Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Sp. PI. 95. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 365, Crooked Creek ; 435, Jefferson ; 624, Brownsville. July, Aug. Common on the lowlands of the Mississippi river. Galium aparine L. Sp. PI. 108. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 9, Winnebago. June. Galium boreale L. Sp. PL 108. 1753. Coll.: Lyon 53, Winnebago; 199^, Crooked Creek. June, July. Galium triflorum Michx. FL Bor. Am. i: 80. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler 41, Winnebago. June. Galium trifidum L. Sp. PL 105. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 42, Winnebago. June. Galium asprellum Michx. FL Bor. Am. i : 78. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler 593, Crooked Creek. Aug. CAPRIFOLIACEiE. Sambucus canadensis L. Sp. PL 269. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 412, 649, Jefferson. July, Aug. Sambucus pubens Michx. FL Bor. Am. i: 181. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler 133, Winnebago. June. Viburnum opulus L. Sp. PL 268. 1753. Coll.: Lyon 129, Winnebago; Wheeler 591, Crooked Creek. June, Aug. Viburnum dentatum L. Sp. PL 268. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 201, Winnebago. June. 408 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Viburnum lentago L. Sp. PL 268. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 39, Winnebago. June. Triosteum perfoliatum L. Sp. PI. 176. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 2, Winnebago. June. Lonicera dioica L. Syst. Ed. 12, 165. 1767. Coll. : Wheeler 190, Winnebago. June. Lonicera sullivantii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19 : 76. 1883. Coll. : Wheeler 122, Winnebago. June. Diervilla diervilla (L.) MacM., Bull. Torr. Club, 19: 15. 1892. Coll. : Lyon 46, Winnebago. June. ADOXACE^. Adoxa moschatellina L. Sp. PI. 367. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 196, Winnebago. June. Frequent in moist woods. VALERIANACE^. Valeriana edulis Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. 2 : 48. 1841. Coll. : Wheeler 159, Winnebago. June. CAMPANULACE^. Campanula rotundifolia L. Sp. PI. 163. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 36, Winnebago. June. Campanula aparinoides Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 159. 1814. Coll. : Lyon 194^, Crooked Creek. July. Campanula americana L. Sp. PL 164. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 339, Crooked Creek. July. Legouzia perfoliata (L.) Brittox, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 309. 1894. Coll. : Lyon 148, Winnebago. June. Lobelia cardinalis L. Sp. PL 930. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 464, Jefferson ; 578, Crooked Creek. Aug. Lobelia syphilitica L. Sp. PL931. 1753- Coll. : Lyon 310, 340, Jefferson. Aug. Lobelia spicata Lam. EncycL 3: 587. 1789. Coll. : Lyon 115, Jefferson. June. Lobelia inflata L. Sp. PL 931. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 480, 554, Jefferson; 612, Brownsville. Aug. Wheeler : flora of southeastern Minnesota. 409 CICHORIACE^. Cichorium intybus L. Sp. PL S13. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 594, Lyon 468, Crooked Creek. Aug. Adopogon virginicum (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 304. 1891. Coll. : Lyon 20, 337, Wheeler 506, Winnebago. June, Aug. Taraxacum taraxacum (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 1138. 1880 -83. ■ Coll. : Lyon 121, Winnebago. June. Sonchus asper (L.) All. Fl. Ped. i : 222. 1785. Coll. : Lyon 264, Jefferson. July. Lactuca scariola L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 11 19. 1763. Coll. : Lyon 374, Jefferson. Aug. Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) DC. Prodr. 7: 141. 1838. Coll. : Lyon 285, 445, 447, Jefferson. July. Previously reported only by Sheldon from Sleepy Eye. Lactuca sagittifolia Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 253. 1821-24. Coll. : Lyon 363, Jefferson. Aug. Previously reported only by Sheldon from Lake Benton. Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 2 : 362. 1791. Coll. : L3-on 334, 410, 423, Winnebago. Aug. Hieracium umbellatum L. Sp. PI. 804. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 627, Brownsville. Aug. No authentic specimens previously reported from Minnesota. Hieracium canadense Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 86. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler 443, Jefferson; Lyon 311, 341, Wheeler 510, Winnebago. Aug. Hieracium scabrum Michx. Fl. Bor. x\m. 2: 86. 1803. Coll.: Wheeler 485, Lyon 336, 405, 462, Jefferson; Wheeler 513, Winnebago; Wheeler 636, Brownsville. Nabalus albus (L.) Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 294. 1833. Coll. : Wheeler 521, Winnebago. Aug. AMBROSIACEiE. Ambrosia trifida L. Sp. PI. 987. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 417, Jefferson. July. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia L. Sp. PI. 987. 1753. Coll.: Lyon 495, Jefferson. Aug. Xanthium canadense Mill. Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, No. 2. 1768. Coll. : Lyon 424, Winnebago. Aug. 410 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. COMPOSITiE. Vernonia fasciculata Michx. F1. Bor. Am. 2: 94. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler, 408, Jefferson. July. Eupatorium purpureum L. Sp. PI. 838. 1753. Coll.: Lyon 347, Wheeler 563, Jefferson ; Wheeler 519, Winnebago. Aug. Eupatorium altissimum L. Sp. PI. 837. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 533, 568, Jefferson; Lyon 412, Winne- bago. Aug. Eupatorium perfoliatum L. Sp. PI. 838. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 493, Jefferson. Aug. Eupatorium ageratoides L. f. Suppl. 355. 1781. Coll. : Lyon 293, Jefferson. Jul}'. Kuhnia eupatorioides L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 1662. 1763. Coll.: Wheeler 532, 555, 571, Lyon 370, 381, 489, Jefferson. Aug. Lacinaria cylindracea (Michx.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 349. 1891. Coll.: Lyon 181, Crooked Creek; 290, Jefferson. July. Lacinaria pycnostachya (Michx.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 349 1891. Coll. : L3'on 265, Jefferson. July. Lacinaria scariosa (L.) Hill, Veg. Syst. 4: 49. 1762 . Coll. : Lyon 313, Winnebago. Aug. Solidago flexicaulis L. Sp. PL 879. 1753- Coll. : Lyon 371 )^, 484, Jefferson ; Wheeler 590, Crooked Creek. Aug. Solidago hispida MuHL. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2063. 1804. Coll. : Lyon 294, Jefferson. Jul}-. Solidago erecta PuRSH, FI. Am. Sept. 542. 1814. Coll. : Lyon 371, Jefferson. Aug. Reported from Stearns County but no Minnesota specimens previously seen. Solidago speciosa Nutt. Gen. 2 : 160. 18 18. Coll. : Lyon 467, Jefferson. Aug. Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2060. 1804. Coll. : Lyon 433, Winnebago. Aug. Solidago serotina Ait. Hort. Kew. 3 : 211. 1789. Coll. : Lyon 360, Jefferson. Aug. Wheeler : flora of southeastern Minnesota. 411 Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Journ, Acad. Phila. 7; 32. 1834. Coll. : Lyon 289, 373, Jefferson. July. Solidago canadensis L. Sp. PI. 878. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 330, Winnebago. Aug. Solidago nemoralis Ait, Hort. Kew. 3: 213. 1789. Coll.: Wheeler 611, Brownsville. Aug. Solidago rigida L. Sp. PI. 880. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 372, 403, Jefferson. Aug. Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. Gen. 2: 162. 1818. Coll. : Wheeler 565, Jefferson. Aug. Boltonia asteroides (L.) L'Her. Sert. Angl. 27. 1788. Coil. : Lyon 385, Wheeler 561, Jefferson. Aug. Aster drummondii Lindl. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i: 97. 1835- Coll.: Wheeler 551, Jefferson; Lyon 426, Winnebago. Aug. Aster sagittifolius Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2035. 1804. Coll.: Lyon 402, 451, Jefferson; Wheeler 583, 599, Crooked Creek, Aug. Aster patens Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 201. 1789. Coll. : Wheeler 584, Crooked Creek. Aug, Aster novse-angliae L. Sp. PI. 875. 1753. Coll.: Lyon 425, Winnebago ; 482, Jefferson. Aug. Aster puniceus L. Sp. PL 875. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 585, Crooked Creek. Aug. Aster prenanthoides Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3 : 2046. 1804. Coll. : Wheeler 518, Lyon 409, Winnebago ; Wheeler 582. Crooked Creek. Aug. Aster laevis L. Sp. PI. 876. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 509, Lyon 435, Winnebago ; Wheeler 616, 626, Brownsville. Aug. Aster sericeus V^ent. Hort. Cels. fl. jj. 1800. Coll. : Wheeler 218, Jefferson. June. Aster ptarmicoides (Nees) T. & G. Fl. N. A. 2: 160. 1841. Coll.: L3'on 441, Jefferson. Aug. Aster salicifolius Lam. Enc3^cl. i : 306. 1783. Coll.: Wheeler 552, Lyon 400, Jefferson; Lyon 427, Winnebago. Aug. 412 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Aster paniculatus Lam. Encycl. i: 306. 1783. Coll.: Wheeler 540, Jefferson ; 623, Brownsville. Aug. Erigeron pulchellus Michx. F1. Bor. Am. 2: 124. 1803. Coll. : Lyon 28, Winnebago. June. Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. Syn. 2: 431. 1807. Coll.: Lyon 84, 420, 432, Winnebago; Wheeler 562, Jefferson. Aug. Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 27. 1888. Coll. : Wheeler 530, 572, Jefferson. Aug. Leptilon canadense (L.) Britton, in Brit. & Brown, 111. Fl. 3: 39i./.j^^7. 1898. Coll. : Lyon 303, Jefferson. Aug. Doellingeria umbellata pubens (A. Gray) Brittox, in Brit. & Brown, 111. Fl. 3: 392. 1898. Coll.: Lyon 399, Jefferson; Wheeler 581, Crooked Creek. Aug. Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards. App. Frank. Journ. Ed. 2, 30. 1823. Coll. : Lyon 23, Winnebago. June. Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. Sp. PI. 851. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 338, 440, 465, Jefferson. Aug. Polymnia canadensis L. Sp. PL 926. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 316, Ma3^ville ; Lyon 344, Jefferson. July, Aug. Silphium perfoliatum L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 1301. 1763. Coll. : Lyon 215, 240, Crooked Creek. July. Silphium laciniatum L. Sp. PL 919. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 297, Crooked Creek. July. Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 28. 1888. Coll. : Wheeler 614, Brownsville. Aug. Heliopsis scabra Dunal, Mem. Mus. Paris, 5 : 56. -pi. 4. 18 19. Coll. : Wheeler 330, Crooked Creek. Jul}'. Rudbeckia triloba L. Sp. PL 907. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 502, Winnebago ; 535, Jefferson. Aug. Not previously reported from Minnesota. Infrequent, edges of thickets. Rudbeckia hirta L. Sp. PL 907. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 301, 329, Crooked Creek; 613, Browns- ville. July, Aug. Wheeler : flora of southeastern aiixnesota. 413 Rudbeckia laciniata L. Sp. PL 906. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 232, Crooked Creek ; Wheeler 542, Jefferson. July, Aug. Ratibida piniiata (Vent.) Barnhart, Bull. Torr. Club, 24: 410. 1897. Coll. : Wheeler 374, Crooked Creek. July. Ratibida columnaris (Sims) D. Don; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2: 361. 183S. Coll. : Wheeler 536, Jefferson. Aug. Not previously reported from eastern Minnesota. Rare, dry banks. Helianthus atrorubens L. Sp. PI. 906. 1753. ColL : Wheeler 634, Brownsville. Aug. Not previously reported from Minnesota. The only previous collection known is that of Sandberg, Hennepin Co., Aug., 1889. Helianthus scaberrimus Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 423. 1824. Coll. : W^heeler 445, 528, Jefferson ; 579, Crooked Creek. Aug. Helianthus occidentalis Riddell, Suppl. Cat. Ohio PI. 13. . 1836. Coll.: Wheeler 444, Lyon 322, Jefferson; Wheeler 511, Winnebago. Aug. Helianthus grosse-serratus INIartens, Sel. Sem. Hort. Loven. 1839. Coll. : Wheeler 549, Jefferson. Aug. Helianthus divaricatus L. Sp. PI. 906. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 566, 576, Jefferson; 630 Winnebago. Aug. Helianthus tracheliifolius Mill. Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, No. 7. 1768. Coll. : Wheeler 603, Crooked Creek. Aug. Helianthus strumosus L. Sp. PL 905. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 632, Brownsville. Aug. Helianthus tuberosus L. Sp. PL 905. 1753. ColL : Wheeler 567, Jefferson. Aug. Coreopsis palmata Nutt. Gen. 2: 180. 18 18. ColL: Lyon 160, Winnebago: 182, Crooked Creek. June, July. 414 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. Bidens laevis (L.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 29. 1888. Coll. : Wheeler 560, Jefferson. Aug. Bidens comosa (A. Gray) Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club, 24: 436. 1897. Coll. : Wheeler 544, 559, Jefferson ; 628, Brownsville. Aug. Not previously reported from Minnesota. The only pre- viously collected authentic specimen seen from Minnesota is that of Aiton, Minneapolis, Sept., 1890. Common on the low wet ground throughout. Bidens frondosa L. Sp. PL 832. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 541, Jefferson. Aug. Helenium autumnale L. Sp. PI. 886. 1753. Coll.: Wheeler 487, Jefferson. Aug. Achillea millefolium L. Sp. PI. 899. 1753. Coll. : Wheeler 398, Jefferson. July. Anthemis cotula L. Sp. PI. 894. 1753. Coll. : Lvon 269, 284, Jefferson. July. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. Sp. PI. 888. 1753. Coll. : Lvon 231, Crooked Creek. July. Tanacetum vulgare L. Sp. PI. 844. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 416, Winnebago. Aug. Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh, F1. Am. Sept. 742. 18 14. Coll.: Wheeler 370, Crooked Creek; Lyon 369, 390, Jefferson. Aug. Artemisia serrata NuTT. Gen. 2: 142. 1818. Coll.: Lyon 383, Jefferson. Aug. Artemisia gnaphalodes Nutt. Gen. 2: 143. 1818. Coll.: Wheeler 550, Jefferson; Lyon 419, Winnebago. Aug. Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. DC. Prodr. 6: 294. 1837. Coll.: Lyon 342, 446, Jefferson; Wheeler 621, Browns- ville. Aug. Mesadenia reniformis (Muhl.) Raf. New Fl. 4: 79. 1836. Coll. : Wheeler 273, Crooked Creek. June. Senecio plattensis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (IL) 7: 413. 1841. Coll. : Wheeler 100, Winnebago. June. Not previously reported from Minnesota. The only previous known collection in this state is that of Prof. Conway MacMillan from Hennepin county. Wheeler : flora of southeasterx Minnesota, 415 Senecio aureus L. Sp. PL 870. 1753. Coll. : Lyon 54, Winnebago. June. Arctium minus Schk. Bot. Handb. 3: 49. 1803. Coll. : Wheeler 432, Jefferson. July. Carduus lanceolatus L. Sp. PI. 821. 1753. Coll.: Lyon 242, Crooked Creek. July. Carduus discolor (Muhl.) Nutt. Gen. 2 : 130. 1818. Coll. : Lyon 377, Jefferson. Aug. Carduus odoratus (Muhl.) Porter. Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 345- 1894. Coll. : Herb. Wheeler 25, Winnebago. July. Description of Plate XXI. A. Juniper point, Crooked creek valley. Southwest side of bluff dotted with junipers and white birch. B. Base of bkiff, upper Winnebago valley. White pine, juniper and white birch along the upper edge of cliff. Plate XXII. A. Western slope of bluff. The woods follow the areas of greatest moisture /. £?. , the ravines and foot of bluff and the water course in the valley. The shrubs in the valley mark the course of a small creek and are principally willows and dogwoods. B. Southern slope of bluff showing the steep bare slopes and the thickly wooded ravine. The extreme base of the bhiff to the left has been cleared of timber for cultivation. Plate XXIII. A. Grove of white birch. B. Swamp vegetation. Spathyema growing in the shade of black ash and yellow birch. Plate XXIV. A. Group of coffee trees ( Gymnocladus') . B. White birch and juniper on side of bluff. Plate XXV. A. Slough and island vegetation. Sagittarius and Nelumbo are the most prominent water plants, and willows and cottonwood on the island in the background. B. General view of river valley from bluffs on Minnesota side of river. The river channel is on the farther side at the base of the Wis- consin bluffs. 416 minnesota botanical studies. Plate XXVI. A. General view of Winnebago valley showing general distribution of forest vegetation. The valley is almost entirely cleared for cultiva- tion. ^. South branch of Winnebago valley. The northern slope of bluff is densely wooded. Plate XXVII. A. Liliu77i canadense growing in moist meadow of creek valley. B. Pond vegetation. Yellow pond-lily with water grasses and sedges. DL, II. MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. PART IV. syvw^ l^^i nw-'i^:^''. PLATE XXI. THE HELIOTYPE PRINTfNG CO., BOSTON VOL. II. MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. PART I\ PLATE XXII. THE HELIOTVPE PRINTING CO., BOSTON. L. II. MINNESOTA BOTANTHAL STUDIES. PART IV. PLATE XXIII. THE HELIOTYPE PRINTING CO., BOSTON ^OL. II. MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. PART I\ PLATE XXIV. THE HELIOTYPE PRINTING CO.. BOSTON. /OL. II. MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. PART IV ,rvi.* ■jrv - irf-^ V, PLATE XXV THE HELIOTYPE PRINTtNG CO., B08T0N. )L. II. MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. PART IV. PLATE XXVI. THE HELIOTYPE PRINTING CO., BOSTON. DL. II. MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES PART IV PLATE XXVIl. THE HELIOTVPE PRINTING CO., BOSTON. i QK 168 .W45T900"'"'"' °"'''" '""=^' liiiiiiiiiSaMn 3 5185 00132 0314