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MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
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A CONTRIBUTION | FO! THE
LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS
OF MARYLAND

A DISSERTATION

Submitted to the Board of University Studies of The Johns Hopkins University
~ in conformity with the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy

BY
DANIEL WEBSTER OHERN

BALTIMORE
THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS

1913

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE
LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS
OF MARYLAND

A DISSERTATION

Submitted to the Board of University Studies of The Johns Hopkins University
in conformity with the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy

BY ;
DANIEL WEBSTER OHERN

BALTIMORE
THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS

1913

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE
LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

BY
DANIEL WEBSTER OHERN?

ECHINODERMATA
Subbranch ea LMATOZOA

Cass CRINOIDEA

Order CAMERATA
Family THYSANOCRINIDAE
Genus THYSANOCRINUS Hall
TTHYSANOCRINUS EUGENIUS Na. sp.
Plate XXXVI, Figs. 3-5’

Description.—Body medium in size, urn-shaped, truncate dorsally, the
infrabasals and the lower parts of the basals forming the base of the body ;
wall of body almost straight below arm bases. Infrabasals 5, protruding
beyond the periphery of column; basals 5, largest of the calyx, extremely
convex; posterior basal larger than the rest and truncate above; the 4
lateral basals hexagonal, angular above; radials larger than costals, very
convex and prominent heptagonal, angular below, truncate above; costals
2 x 5, very convex, prominent, the first hexagonal, truncate above and
below, the second pentagonal, truncate below, angular above, each side of

+Manuscript submitted, June, 1907.
2 All references to figures are to the Lower Devonian report of the Maryland
Geological Survey in which these plates and text were published.

4 <A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

angle bearing a distichal ; distichals 4 (?) x 10, the first larger than the
rest which are transversely elongate, the last one often bearing a short,
stout spine; arms 10, simple, biserial, composed of alternating cuneiform
plates, and often bearing at fairly regular intervals a single spine or even
a pair; pinnules not seen; intercostals 3—-one in the first series, large
hexagonal—two in the second series, hexagonal, smaller than the first and
situated above it and between the second costals ; interdistichals 5 or more,
small; interradial areas much depressed below the radial; anal interradial
wider than the others, the first plate large, conspicuous, highly convex,
resting on upper truncated edge of posterior basal and between the postero-
lateral radials, three plates in the second series, the middle one most
prominent and resting directly upon the first series, other series present
(indeterminate in specimens examined), the middle one always the more
prominent by its convexity. Stem and tegumen unknown.

Four individuals of this species are known to the writer. Of these two
have spinose arms while the others seem to be without this feature. Never-
theless, unless further collections show this to be other than a specific
variation, all must be regarded as one specics.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY FoRMATION, RipGELY MreMBER. Cumberland.

Collection.—U. $8. National Museum.

Family MELANOCRINIDAE
Genus TECHNOCRINUS Hall
TECHNOCRINUS scuLPtuS (Hall)

Plate XXXVI, Figs. 10, 11

Mariacrinus (Technocrinus) sculptus Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. iii, p. 143,
pl. lxxxvi, figs. 13, 14, 1861.

Description.—‘ Body unknown. Base urn-shaped, gradually expand-
ing above, abruptly expanded at the junction of the column: cavity for
the insertion of the column large. Basal plates marked by strong sharp
ridges, which diverge from the base to the upper margins, and unite upon
the lines in the direction from the angles to the base of the plates.” Hall,
1859.

A CONTRIBUTION TO tHE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 5

This species is known only from the basal and first radial plates. The
writer has not seen it.

Occurrence-—ORrIsKANY Formation, RrpGety MemBer. Cumberland
(fide Hall).

Collection American Museum of Natural History.

TECHNOCRINUS stRIATUS (Hall)

Plate XXXVI, Figs. 8, 9

Mariacrinus (Technocrinus) striatus Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. iii, p. 142,
pl. lxxxvi, figs. 12 and 5-11, 1861.

Description.—“ Body unknown. Surface of plates marked by strong
elevated strie, diverging from the center. Basal plates four, wider than
long, small. First radial plates wider than high. Column small.”
Hall, 1859.

This species is known only from the basal and first radial plates. The
writer has not seen it.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForRMATION, RipGELY MrmBer. Cumberland
(fide Hall).

Collection—American Museum of Natural History.

TECHNOCRINUS ANDREWSI (Hall)
Plate XX XVIII, Fig. 2

Mariacrinus (Technocrinus) andrewsi Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. iii, p. 141,
pl. lxxxvi, figs. 1-4, 1861.

Technocrinus andrewsi Wachsmuth and Springer, 1897, Mem. Mus. Comp.
Zool., No. 20, p. 306, pl. xxiv, fig. 3.

Description—*“A rather large species. Calyx to the arm bases hemi-
spherical ; plates moderately convex, surrounded by sets of short marginal
ridges passing inward, three to four to each side of the plate, and by small
pits along the sutures; the center of the plates perfectly smooth. Basals
wider than high. Radials large, about as long as wide. First costals of the
form of the radials, but considerably smaller; the second still smaller,
narrower as well as shorter. Distichals one, axillary; supporting in the
calyx two rather large palmars, followed by several cuneate, interlocking

6 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

free plates, and these by two rows of subquadrangular pieces, united by a
sharply zigzag suture. Arms four to the ray, strong, flat, and of almost
uniform width throughout. Pinnules contiguous. Interbrachials four
or five: 1, 2, 1, 1, all comparatively large. Column round, large, tapering ;
the joints rather long and slightly rounded exteriorly.”. Wachsmuth and
Springer, 1897.

The writer has seen only the exterior mould of the lower part of the
calyx of an individual of this species. It is larger than Hall’s type, but
the plates that can be made out indicate that it belongs to this species.
The type came from Cumberland.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATION, RipcgeLy MemBer. Cumberland
(fide Hall), Hancock.

Collection.—Maryland Geological Survey.

TECHNOCRINUS SPINULOSUS (Hall)
Plate XX XVII, Figs. 1, 2

Mariacrinus (Technocrinus) spinulosus Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. iii, p. 140,
pl. Ixxxv, figs. 1-18, 1861.

Technocrinus spinulosus Wachsmuth and Springer, 1897, Mem. Mus. Compt.
Zool., No. 20, p. 305, pl. xxii, fig. 3.

Description.—* Calyx subglobose, the arm bases slightly contracting.
Plates of the dorsal cup marked by a central spine or node, surrounded
by smaller nodes, which vary in number among the plates. From the
nodes two to four parallel ridges pass out to the sides, and these are con-
tinued upon adjoining plates. Near the arm bases the ridges gradually
disappear, and the plates are marked only by a central spine.

“ Basals four, of medium size, forming a shallow basin with five sets of
four ridges, each set communicating with those upon the radials. Radials
and costals nearly as wide as long, decreasing in size upwards; the second
costal but half the size of the first. Distichals one to each side of the
costal axillaries. The first palmar enclosed in the calyx. Arms twenty,
stout, rounded ; composed at their bases of cuneate pieces, which interlock
farther up, and gradually become biserial. Interbrachials apparently
four. All other parts of the calyx unknown. Column slightly pentag-

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 7%

onal, each alternate joint provided with a node or short spine at the
margin.” Wachsmuth and Springer, 1897.

Two imperfect specimens from the Oriskany comprise all that the
writer has seen. The species is well marked and although the specimens
are imperfect they are readily recognized as belonging to this species.
Hall’s type of this, as of all other species of this genus, was found near
Cumberland.

Occurrence.—OrRISKANY ForMATION, RIDGELY MemBer. Cumberland.

Collection—U. S. National Museum.

TECHNOCRINUS (?) LEPIDUS nN. sp.
Plate XX XVII, Figs. 3-5; Plate XX XVIII, Fig. 1; Plate XX XIX

Description.—Specimen large; calyx cup-shaped, depressed dorsally,
somewhat constricted at arm bases; plates generally highly convex,
smooth. Basals not discernible in specimens observed ; costals 2, second
pentagonal and axial; distichals 2 x 10, the first usually hexagonal, the
second pentagonal, hexagonal or heptagonal and axillary; palmars 2 x 20,
of irregular shape, each second one bearing an arm; intercostals 3, one in
the first series, hexagonal, situated above and between the radials and
between the first costals, two in the second series, situated between the
second and costals, and above and between the second costals and the
intervening intercostal of the first series ; interdistichals several (7-10), of
irregular size, shape and arrangement, all smaller than the corresponding
distichals, some much smaller; interpalmars about 5, variable in size,
arrangement and shape; interaxillaries 3, with supplementary smaller
ones between the bases of the arms, the first interaxillary situated above
and between the first costals, the second and third succeeding in order,
each limited laterally by the palmars; between the bases of each pair of
arms originating from the same costal is one or more small plates.

Arms 20, biserial, extremely long and carrying multitudinous long
pinnules, composed of several acutely spheroid alternating plates which
are followed by regularly arranged alternating cuneiform plates. The
lower plates of the calyx cannot be made out with certainty in any of the
specimens at hand. The genus Technocrinus has been found so far only

8 A ConTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

in the Oriskany of Maryland. To it are referred provisionally certain
large, pinnuliferous specimens from the region of Hancock. These are
all in the form of natural moulds of the exterior. The interior casts
are also found, but in the latter no arrangement of plates can be made
out. The chief difference between the genus as defined by Wachsmuth and
Springer and the specimens here referred to it, is in the distichals. When,
however, it is remembered that the definition of the genus was based on
two species, it is not surprising that such deviations should arise as other
species are discovered. Mr. Springer, to whom the specimens under con-
sideration were submitted, would refer them provisionally to this genus
and the writer is of the opinion that further collections will show this to
be correct. In one specimen the arms measure more than 22 cm. in length.

Occurrence—ORISKANY Formation, RipceLy MermBer. Cacapon
Bridge; Pennsylvania Sand Quarry, 3 miles north of Berkeley Springs,
West Virginia.

Collection.—Maryland Geological Survey.

Order FISTULATA
Family CALCEOCRINIDAE
Genus CALCEOCRINUS Hall
CALCEOCRINUS MARYLANDICUS DN. sp.
Plate XL, Figs. 1-3

Description.—Body robust, laterally compressed. Basal disk of medium
size, highly convex. Basals three, probably anchylosed, the suture lines
barely discernible. Anterior basal U-shaped, truncate anteriorly. Lateral
radials large, irregularly hexagonal, strongly convex and cinctured trans-
versely. Anterior radials small as compared with the laterals, triangular,
not in contact, apices ending near the bottom of a deep circular depression.
The first brachial of the anterior ray large, wider than high, quadrangular,
its lower angles in contact with the lateral radials and lower lateral
brachials. The lower lateral brachials two, separated by depression, but
evidently joined by syzygy, the suture lines, however, being discernible ;
the lower one much wider than high, quadrangular, separated from the
radial below by a gaping suture; the upper one pentagonal, axial, sup-

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 9

porting on its horizontal edge a vertically ascending arm, and on its
vertical side another axial plate which likewise bears an arm and a plate
and so on until the number of lateral arms is eight; the axial plates form
a marked ridge running along the bases of the arms. Lateral arms
cylindrical, branching at about every fourth joint, which is nodose. An-
terior arm much more robust than the lateral, cylindrical, its plates sepa-
rated by deep incisions, not branching at least below the twelfth plate.
Anal plates two, triangular, separated from the basal disk by a deep semi-
circular fossa, and truncate above.

The upper surfaces jointly support a large anal tube which is larger
at its base than the anterior arm, and decreases in size upward at least to
the third plate where the tube disappears within the enfolding lateral
arms. The posterior half of this anal tube is composed of large semi-
cylindrical plates, but the anterior (interior) portion is invisible. Stem
robust, composed evidently of plates uniform in size. The species is based
on a specimen in the Museum of the Maryland Academy of Sciences col-
lected by John Widgeon. This specimen seems, however, quite distinct
from any heretofore described, and so far as the writer knows is the first
occurrence of this genus in the Lower Devonian. The writer is informed
that when found the stem was separated from the calyx so that only pre-
sumably are they the same individual. The upper portion of the arms has
been broken off.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATION, RIDGELY MEMBER. Quarry oppo-
site Keyser, West Virginia.

Collection—Maryland Academy of Sciences.

Family CYATHOCRINIDAE
Genus HOMOCRINUS Hall
HOMOCRINUS PROBOSCIDALIS Hall
Plate XL, Figs. 4, 5

Homocrinus proboscidalis Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. iii, p. 138, pl. Ixxxv, figs.
24, 25, 1861.

Description.—* Body subturbinate; base large. Basal plates wider
than long, hexagonal. Radial plates about as long as wide; brachial plates
resting upon the truncated edges of the radial plates.

10 A ConTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

“Arms bifureating upon the third brachial plate, and again upon the
third and fifth or sixth plate above the first bifurcation: bifurcation ap-
parently equal. Proboscis long, fusiform, very slender below, and acquir-
ing its greatest diameter ut about two-thirds the distance from base of
body to summit of proboscis. Column unknown.” Hall, 1859.

The writer has not seen this species.

Occurrence-—ORISKANY ForMATION, RipGELY MemBer. Cumberland
(fide Hall).

Collection.—American Museum of Natural History.

HoMOCRINUS HARTLEYI 0. sp.
Plate XL, Fig. 6

Description.—Calyx small, broadly invert-conical, expansion regular
from base of calyx to base of arms. Under basals 5, pentagonal, the lateral
edges converging downward, lower edge coincident with the faces of the
column. Basals large, largest of the calyx, convex, the four laterally situ-
ated are pentagonal, the posterior hexagonal and truncate above bearing
theanal. Radials alternating with the basals and resting above and between
the four simple and pentagonal, the right posterior one being not easily
made out, but apparently unlike others, upper edge of all notched but not
profoundly. Anal large. Lower arm plates rather small, wider than high
and profoundly convex, making the calyx deeply excavated between the
arm bases. Column pentagonal, enlarged above. Arms and tegmen
unknown.

The species is based on one specimen in the collection of Mr. Hartley,
but is quite clearly marked as a new species. It is larger than any other
American form referred to this genus known to the writer except Homo-
crinus polyzo (Hall) from the Waldron Niagara. It has not, however,
the interplate ridges of that species and the radially situated plates are
not so deeply notched.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY Formation, Rmcety Mruser. Cumberland.

Collection.—F rank Hartley.

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 11

Family AGASSIZOCRINIDAE
Genus EDRIOCRINUS Hall

EpriocriNus saccuuus Hall
Plate XL, Figs. 7-12

Edriocrinus sacculus Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. iii, p. 143, pl. Ixxxvii, figs.
1-22, 1861.

Edriocrinus sacculus Weller, 1903, Geol. Survey N. J., Pal., vol. iii, p. 342, pl.
xlv, figs. 3-5.

Description.—* Body more or less obconic or turbinate below and
cylindrical above, varying in its proportions of length and breadth. Base
varying in form from turbinate to hemispheric, solid, often obliquely
truncate or indented below: upper margin marked by six subangularly
concave depressions for the insertion of the radial and anal plates. Radial
plates large, longer than wide, inserted into the depressions in the margin
of the base, gradually expanding towards the upper margin which is
thickened externally, slightly concave for the reception of the plates of the
arm. Arms broad at the base, composed of numerous very short trans-
versely linear plates, of which ten or twelve or more occur below the first
bifurcation: first bifurcation in the middle, and each side again bifurcat-
ing on the third or fourth plate above, with each division bifurcating once
or twice beyond this; making eight or ten or more divisions at the
extremities. Anal plates two, the lower large and of the same form as the
radial plates; the second one small and short. Proboscis and summit
unknown. Column, none; affixed to foreign bodies by the solid base.”
Hall, 1859.

This is the most common crinoid of the Oriskany. Usually the arms
have been broken off but in the fine collection of Mr. Hartley is a group
of two, both of which are nearly perfect, and others preserving fragments
of the arms. It was upon collections from Cumberland that Hall based
his original description and account of the habits of the genus.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATION, RipGELY MemBer. Cumberland,
Knobly Mountain, near Cumberland; east side Nicholas Mountain and
elsewhere in Maryland; Franklin, West Virginia.

Collections—Maryland Geological Survey, U. S. National Museum.

12 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

EDRIOCRINUS POCILLIFORMIS Hall

Plate XL, Figs. 13-15

Edriocrinus pocilliformis Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., vol. iii, p. 121, pl. v, figs. 8-12,
1861.

Edriocrinus pocilliformis Meek and Worthen, 1868, Geol. Survey I11., vol. iii,
p. 370, pl. vii, figs. 5a, b.

Edriocrinus pocilliformis Keyes, 1894, Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. iv, pt. i,
Dp. 221, pl xxx fig, 7

Edriocrinus pocilliformis Talbot, 1905, Amer. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. xx,
p. 23, pl. iv, figs. 1-6.

Description —* Base hemispheric or subturbinate, often less than a
hemisphere, externally smooth or finely granulate: upper margin scolloped
with five large and one smaller depression for the insertion of the radial
and anal plates. Interior more or less deeply concave, with depressions
corresponding to those on the edge of the cup; the concavity not parallel
to the exterior convexity. Radial plates and arms unknown.” Hall, 1859.

“Infrabasals present but so fused that their number is uncertain.
Height from one-half to two-thirds that of the cup as ordinarily found.
Basals five, completely fused with each other and with the infrabasals or
distinguished from the latter as a narrow protruding band. Suture lines
sometimes apparent on the interior. Upper margin scolloped for the at-
tachment of the radials and the anal plates. Height about half that of the
infrabasals. Radials five, often as high as the infrabasals and basals com-
bined, and like them, fused to form a part of the cup. In most instances,
however, the suture lines between the radials are plainly discernible. As
a rule, the union between the radials and basals is not so strong as that of
basals with infrabasals ; and the cup is generally broken off at the top of the
basals. Since in no specimens are brachials preserved, the union of
brachials with radials must have been still weaker. Anal plates as high as
the radials, but only half as wide. Radials and anal gently convex, sloping
in all directions from the center of the plate. Arms and ventral disc un-
known. The attachment scar is visible on a number of specimens, and in
some is a short distance up on the side of the cup, rather than on the
bottom.” Talbot, 1905.

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 13

Occurrence—HELDERBERG FoRMATION, NEW ScorLaANnpD MEMBER.
Cumberland, Maryland; Cherry Run, West Virginia.

Collections—Maryland Geological Survey, U. S. National Museum.

VERMES
CLASS ANNELIDA

Genus CORNULITES Schlotheim
CORNULITES CINGULATUS Hall
Plate XL, Fig. 16

Cornulites cingulatus Hall, 1888, Pal. N. Y., vol. vii, p. 20 (supplement to

VOL. Vv), pl. Cxvi, fiz. 29.
Cornulites cingulatus Clarke, 1900, Mem. N. Y. State Mus., vol. iii, No. 3, p. 27,

pl. ii, figs. 35-38.
Cornulites cingulatus Weller, 1903, N. J. Geol. Survey, Pal., vol. iii, p. 272,
plo xxxil, fies s.

Description.—“ Tube very flexuous, with regularly transverse but un-
equally distant, sharply angled or evenly rounded annulations.” Hall,
1888.

“ Shell having the form of a gradually tapering, more or less curved
or flexuous, annulated cone. On the internal casts the annulations have
the aspect of insheathed cones, the slope being abrupt below and gradual
above. The width of the annulations is variable, but is usually a little less
than 1 mm.; they are somewhat irregular, there occasionally being one
which does not entirely surround the tube.” Weller, 1903.

A single specimen from the Keyser member appears to belong to this
species and is the only one which the writer has seen from the Lower
Devonian of the State.

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG FORMATION, KEYSER MEMBER. Pinto.

Collection —U.S. National Museum.

14 A CoNTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

MOLLUSCA

cus hee Gyr Ob
Order PRIONODESMACEA
Section SCHIZODONTA

Superfamily PTERINACEA
Family PTERINEIDAE
Genus PTERINEA Goldfuss
PTERINEA HALLI Clarke

Plate LXXVIII, Figs. 11, 12

Avicula securiformis Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 290, pl.
liii, figs. 11-14, 1861.
Pterinea halli Clarke, 1903, Bull. N. Y. State Mus., No. 5, p. 495.

Description —* Shell subrhomb ovate, slightly oblique; length and
height varying from nearly equal, to the height one-fourth greater than
the width, moderately convex in the middle and on the umbo: anterior
margin long, slightly concave above and curving to the base; posterior
margin below the sinus, somewhat abruptly curving into the broad rounded
basal margin: anterior wing small, trigonal, subacute, distinctly sepa-
rated by a sinus from the body of the shell; posterior wings large, subacute
at the extremity, not strongly distinct from the body of the shell, extend-
ing as far as, or a little beyond, the margin of the shell; marginal sinuosity
long and shallow. Surface marked by moderately strong radiating cost
and strong elevated concentric strie.” Hall, 1859.

To this species is referred a fragment which has the sculpture and out-
line, as far as this latter can be made out, of Hall’s species. It is freely
admitted that such reference is a mere conjecture.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATION, RIpGELY MEMBER. Cumberland.

Collection.—George M. Roeder.

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 15

Genus LEPTODESMA Hall

LEPTODESMA ? sp.
Plate LXXV, Fig. 2

Description.—Three incomplete internal casts whose outlines and other
characters cannot be made out with certainty are tentatively referred to
this genus. The hgamental area is long and wide and longitudinally
striated. Beneath the beaks are several fine transverse teeth, and posterior
to the beak is a hinge margin evidently corresponding to a tooth in the
shell. The anterior extremity seems to be neither nasute nor auriculate.
The anterior muscular impression is small and deep. In the cast the
position of pallial line is marked anteriorly by a sharp ridge. A part of
an exterior from the same rock mass shows the surface of the shell to be
marked only by irregular concentric growth lines.

Length 5.5 cem.; height 4.5 cm.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATION, RipGELY MEMBER. Rock Enon
Springs, Virginia.

Collection—U. 8. National Museum.

Family AMBONYCHIIDAE
Genus MYTILARCA Hall
MYTILARCA MARYLANDICA D0. sp.
Plate LXXV, Figs. 3, 4
Description.—Shell inequivalve, slightly inequilateral, convex, de-
pressed, subtrigonal in outline; anterior side concave beneath beaks,
thence broadly rounded, antero-ventral margin truncate, posterior ex-
tremity sharply rounded to subangular. Beaks prominent, approximate.
Left valve convex, the maximum inflation being in the umbonal region ;
right valve less convex, much depressed toward ventral side. Muscular
markings and exterior ornamentation not seen.
Length 20 mm.; height 24 mm.
The specimen figured is a cast of the interior, the only individual seen.
The truncation of the postero-ventral side seems due, in part at least, to

poor preservation, and the irregularity in the outline of the anterior

16 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

margin is caused by mechanical displacement of a portion of the cast.
The precise horizon from which this species comes is unknown.
Occurrence.—HELDERBERG FORMATION. Cumberland.
Collection. George M. Roeder.

MYTILARCA CORDIFORMIS (Hall) ?
Plate LXXV, Figs. 5, 6
Megambonia cordiformis Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 278,
pl. 1, figs. 6a, b, 1861.

Description.— Shell cordiform, extremely gibbous from the base up-
wards to the umbones, which are elevated and incurved, not compressed at
the basal or lateral margins; anterior cardinal extremity shghtly auricu-
late, the prominence covering the muscular impression small. Surface
marked by concentric lamellose strive.” Hall, 1859.

Two specimens in the collection of Mr. George M. Roeder from an un-
known horizon appear to belong to this species. In both specimens both
valves are present. The individuals are smaller than Hall’s figure but in
other respects are very similar.

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG FoRMATION. Cumberland.

Collection. George M. Roeder.

Subgenus PLETHOMYTILUS Hall
MYTILARCA (PLETHOMYTILUS) ROWEI 2D. sp.
Plate LXXV, Fig. 7
Description.—Shell equivalve; not strongly inequilateral; gibbous;
broadly ovate; umbonal slope expanding somewhat rapidly from umbones
to about one-fourth or one-third the length of the shell, then arching
broadly and gently to the postero-basal margin, sloping gradually to the
postero-dorsal and suddenly to the antero-basal margin; postero-dorsal
margin almost rectilinear to about three-fourths the length of the shell,
posterior extremity subcircularly rounded, basal margin broadly rounded,
anterior margin rectilinear (7) to beak; beaks prominent, approximate.
Surface of interior smooth, interrupted irregularly by broad, often dis-

&

continuous, concentric furrows. Hinge-line not seen.

Greatest Jength 73 mm.; greatest width 55 mm.

A CoNTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 17

All the specimens seen are casts of the interior, but there is little
doubt as to the generic affinities. The naming of the species is a humble
compliment to the late Dr. R. B. Rowe.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATION, RipGELY MEMBER. Hancock.

Collection —Maryland Geological Survey.

Family PINNID/E
Genus PALEOPINNA Hall
PALEOPINNA LATA ND. sp.
Plate LXXVI, Fig. 1

Description Shell large, very oblique, axis and hinge-line making an
angle of about 23°; greatest length to greatest height as about 3 to 4;
anterior margin truncate and emarginate, ventral margin broadly and
regularly curving, posterior margin more rapidly rounding and recurving
to meet the hinge-line; left valve gibbous in middle and anteriorly, de-
pressed posteriorly and dorso-posteriorly; right valve not known. Umbo
wide, beak probably extending to posterior limit of body; a narrow ridge
extending from beak (?) along hinge-line to posterior end of dorsal
margin. Interior marked by broad obsolete growth hnes. Exterior un-
known.

Length 8.75 cm.; height 6 cm.

The description is from the cast of the interior of the left valve of a
single specimen. It has all the marks of this genus and is readily separable
from the other species of this genus by its great breadth. A part of the
‘postero-dorsal extremity and of the beak is broken off.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY FORMATION, RIDGELY MrempBer. Hancock.

Collection.—Maryland Geological Survey.

Family PTERI!IDAE
Genus ACTINOPTERIA Hall
ACTINOPTERIA COMMUNIS (Hall)

Plate LX XVI, Figs. 2-4

Avicula communis Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 286, pl. 1ii,
figs. 1-7; pl. liii, figs. 1, 4, 6, 1861.

Actinopteria communis Clarke, 1900, Mem. N. Y. State Mus., No. 3, vol. iii, p.
34, pl. iv, figs. 1, 2.

Actinopteria communis Weller, 1903, Pal. N. J., vol. iii, p. 292, pl. xxxi, fig. 21.

18 A CoNTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

Description.—* Shell obliquely ovate; the left valve gently convex in
the middle, and becoming gibbous towards the beak, which in the young
shell is narrow and projecting above the hinge-line; right valve flat or
gently concave in the middle and below, and becoming slightly convex on
the umbo; anterior side gently curving to the base which is broadly
rounded, the curvature of the posterior side being more abrupt: anterior
wing small, trigonal, obtuse at its extremity, strongly defined from the
body of the shell: posterior wing three times as long as the anterior wing,
obtusely or subacutely pointed, extending more or less beyond the margin
of the shell, concave on the outer or lateral margin, its Junction with the
body of the shell not strongly defined.

“Surface of the left valve marked by slender, sharply defined, rounded
radu, the principal of which are distant from two to four or five times their
width, and the spaces occupied by one, two or three finer interstitial radi-
ating strize (these radi are but faintly, and sometimes not at all per-
ceptible on the posterior wing, except along its upper margin, while they
are not seen on the anterior wing) ; concentrically marked by fine lamellose
strie, which, in the more perfectly preserved surfaces, are elevated and sub-
imbricating: these striz are usually conspicuous on both the anterior and
posterior wings. Surface of the right valve marked by broader and
scarcely elevated radii and less defined concentric striz.” Hall, 1859.

This species is rare in the Lower Devonian of Maryland. That it is
subject to wide variations is apparent from Hall’s figures, and it may
be questioned whether that author has figured but one species. However,
no further light can be obtained from the few Maryland forms.

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG FORMATION, KEYSER MEMBER. Cumber-
land, Tonoloway ? Co—ymMANS Member. Dawson, Corriganville. NEw
Scortanp Mremper. Dawson, Devil’s Backbone. Horizon unknown.
Miller’s Spring, Cedar Cliff, West Virginia. OrIsKANY FORMATION,
Locality not known.

Collections—Maryland Geological Survey, U. S. National Museum.

ACTINOPTERIA COMMUNIS (Hall) var.

Description.—A few imperfect specimens from the Oriskany resemble

in a general way A. communis (Hall). The left valve shows fine, alter-

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MAaryLAND 19

nating strix, crossed by finer, concentric striz, giving to the whole a can-
cellated effect which is somewhat more marked on the posterior wing.
These specimens are very like those figured by J. M. Clarke under this
species and may be wholly identical with them. It seems best, however,
to designate them as a variety, but their fragmentary condition will not
permit definition.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY Formation, R1pGELy Mrmper. Winchester
Road and Miller’s Spring near Cumberland.

Collection.—Maryland Geological Survey.

ACTINOPTERIA TEXTILIS (Hall)

Plate LXXVI, Fig. 5

Avicula textilis Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 288, pl. lii, figs.
95 10) 75 -pl iit, figs: 2,355) 710; 1361

Actinopteria textilis Weller, 1903, Pal. N. J., vol. iii, p. 332, pl. xliii, figs.
13, 14.

Description.—* Body of the shell obliquely subovate ; length about once
and a half the height, becoming regularly convex from the base, gibbous
in the middle, and gently depressed along the line of junction with the
posterior wing; ventral margin very regularly and broadly curved ; hinge-
line greatly extended : posterior wing long, nearly three times its greatest
width, the extremity extending beyond the margin of the shell, the margin
moderately sinuate. Surface marked by regular strong radiating ribs,

which, at the base, are distant from each other three times their width; the
intermediate space marked by a central finer ray, and, on each side between
it and the larger costw, are one or two still finer rays, which are scarcely
perceptible to the naked eye : these are crossed by concentric ridges, giving
a cancellated surface and a slightly nodose character to the larger coste.
The wing is marked by strong radiating and concentric strie, which are of
nearly equal size, and slightly nodose at their junction.” Hall, 1859.

Length 4.7 em.; height 4.5 em.

Occurrence—HELDERBERG ForMATION, NEw Scortanp MEMBER.
Cumberland, Dawson.

Collections.—Maryland Geological Survey, George M. Roeder.

20 A CoNTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

ACTINOPTERIA TEXTILIS VAR. ARENARIA (Hall)

Plate LXXVII

Avicula textilis var. arenaria Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 465,
DL cixs figs. plaex. diss 2, 86d.

Avicula textilis var. arenaria Weller, 1903, Pal. N. J., vol. iii, p. 360, pl. 1,

fi Pal:

Description —* Shell large, obliquely subovate; the proportions of
length and height variable. Left valve becoming moderately and regularly
convex from the base, the greatest convexity being about the first third
below the hinge-line. Posterior wing large, extending along the margin
of the body of the shell halfway from beak to base. Anterior wing small,
triangular, wrinkled. The right valve is slightly concave, smaller than the
other, faintly marked by the radiating ribs, which sometimes are scarcely
seen. Surface marked by strong radiating ribs sometimes regularly
dichotomizing and subequal, and in other specimens quite unequal, show-
ing a few stronger ribs, with several finer ones between, and these are
crossed by strongly elevated imbricating lamelle.” Hall, 1859.

Several specimens from the Oriskany of the state are referred to this
variety. The close resemblance between A. communis, the typical A.
textilis and the varietal form, casts doubt upon the identification of the
forms as they occur in Maryland.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATION, RripGeLy MermBeErR. Warren
Point, Pennsylvania ; west side of Queen’s Point opposite Keyser, Miller’s
Spring, West Virginia.

Collections.—Maryland Geological Survey, U. 8. National Museum.

ACTINOPTERIA VIRGINICA ND. sp.
Plate LXXVIII, Figs. 1, 2

Description.—Body of the shell obliquely ovate, gibbous, maximum in-
flation about one-third the distance from the beak to the base. From this
point the shell arches rapidly to the beak and gently to base; contracts
rapidly on either side of the umbo near the beak and less so as the distance
from beak increases; beaks not prominent; posterior wing not sharply

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 21

separated from body, convex ; anterior wing not seen; anterior extremity
suddenly rounded, basal margin broadly and regularly arcuate, posterior
extremity broadly rounded; surface of body covered by low, arched,
radiating ribs, between which, toward the margin, finer ones are inter-
posed ; posterior wing unornamented. Hinge-line straight.

The description is from a cast of the interior of a left valve which is
not quite complete. The species bears some resemblance to A. recticosta
Hall, but the general outline and the character of the radiating ribs at
once separate it. Another imperfect cast in the Maryland Geological
Survey collection is doubtfully referred to this species. It is, however,
more oblique, the large ribs are smaller and the small ones larger in pro-
portion than the specimen described. It is not improbable that further
collections will separate this as another species, the material now in hand
not warranting such procedure.

Length 6.5 em.; height 4.5 cm.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY FoRMATION, RripGELY MremBer. Near Foun-
tain, four miles southwest of Keyser, West Virginia; Hancock, Maryland.

Collections.—Maryland Geological Survey, U.S. National Museum.

Genus AVICULA Klein

AVICULA RECTICOSTA Hall ?
Plate LXXVI, Fig. 7

Avicula recticosta Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 466, pl. cix,
fig. 3, 1861.

Description Shell slightly oblique, subrhomboidal: hinge-line
greater than the greatest width of the shell below; width equal to about
once and a third the height, very moderately convex. Posterior wing large,
extending nearly as far backwards as the posterior margin of the shell.
Anterior wing smaller, triangular, shghtly concave on the outside. Sur-
face marked by strong dichotomizing subequal ribs, which proceed prin-
cipally in pairs from the umbo to the margin of the shell. Posterior wing
with fine radiating ribs and close concentric lamine; the anterior wing

being marked only by the concentric striz.” Hall, 1859.

22 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

To this species is referred, doubtfully, a single fragmentary individual.
Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATION. Locality unknown.
Collection.—Robert H. Gordon.

Section ISODONTA
Family PECTINIDAE
Genus AVICULOPECTEN McCoy

AVICULOPECTEN (?) CUMBERLANDENSIS 0. sp.
Plate LXX VIII, Fig. 3

Description.—Shell subcircular, length and height about equal ; slightly
oblique; left valve gibbous, the maximum inflation being anterior to the
center of the shell which curves thence steeply to the anterior, and much
less so to the basal and posterior margins; anterior margins broadly sinuate
at junction of anterior wing and the body of the shell, thence shghtly
convex outward to anterior extremity, thence the margin is almost semi-
circular to the posterior wing which is widely sinuate, the maximum ex-
cavation being at about two-thirds the distance from the extremity of the
wing to the body of the shell; anterior wing small, concave ; posterior wing
large, convex, the extremity being nearly a right angle and on line with
the posterior extremity of the body; hinge-line straight, equal to greatest
width of shell. Surface of body ornamented with coarse, radiating ribs
which are subequal on the anterior, and alternating on the central and
posterior parts; the radiating ribs are crossed by finer concentric strize
and irregular growth lines; surface of posterior wing ornamented with
alternating ribs which are somewhat finer than those of the body and
crossed by concentric striw, the two sets of markings giving a cancellated
effect.

Right valve and interior not seen. The description is from a single left
valve, which is figured. The label has been lost but the specimen is no
doubt from the Helderberg, as is shown by other fossils in the rock mass.

Length about 5 cm.; height 5.2 cm.

Occurrence—HELDERBERG ForMATION. Locality unknown.

Collection.—-Maryland Geological Survey.

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 23

Section DYSODONTA

Superfamily MYTILACEA

Family MODIOLOPSIDAE
Genus MEGAMBONIA Hall
MEGAMBONIA LAMELLOSA Hall
Plate LXXVIII, Fig. 5
Megambonia lamellosa Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 467, pl. cix,
figs, 5, 6, 1861.

Description—* Shell obliquely ovoid, very gibbous in the middle and
towards the umbo; the body of the shell rather abruptly narrowed above
the middle. Anterior wing short, rounded, very convex, separated from
the body of the shell by a broad rounded depression, leaving a sinus in the
margin. Posterior wing broad triangular, extending more than two-thirds
the entire length of the posterior slope; its junction with the body of the
shell marked by a depression. Surface marked by concentric lamellose
strie, which, on some parts of the specimens, are very prominent. Faint
remains of radiating striae are sometimes perceptible on the casts.” Hall,
1859.

It has been found only in the form of casts, but it is not uncommon in
the Oriskany of Maryland.

Length about 3.5 cm.; height 2.5 cm.

Occurrence-—ORISKANY ForMATION, RipGELy MEMBER. Queen’s
Point opposite Keyser, Miller’s Spring, and Knobly Mountain, West
Virginia; near Cumberland, Hancock, Maryland.

Collections.—Maryland Geological Survey, U. 8. National Museum.

Order TELO DESMACEA

Superfamily CYPRICARDIACEA
Family PLEUROPHORIDAE
Genus CYPRICARDINIA Hall
CYPRICARDINIA SUBLAMELLOSA Hall
Plate LXXVIII, Fig. 8

Cypricardinia sublameilosa Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 267,
jal wee ated als alps oe

24 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

Description.—* Shell transversely elongated; anterior extremity con-
tracted; umbones very depressed; posterior slope convex, without a de-
fined ridge; extremity somewhat acutely rounded. Surface marked by
rounded concentric strie or ridges, which are more prominent on the
posterior half of the shell.” Hall, 1859.

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG FORMATION, NEW ScoTLAND MEMBER.
Devil’s Backbone.

Collection Maryland Geological Survey.

INGER TAL SAEDES
Genus ILIONIA Billings
ILIONIA SINUATA (Hall)

Plate LX XVIII, Figs. 9, 10

Anatina ? sinuata Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 265, pl. xlix,
figs. 3a-d, 1861.

Description. Shell thin, equivalve, compressed, inequilateral, sub-
rhomboid, with the posterior side much wider than the anterior ; posterior ?
rounded, much compressed near the extremity, with a distinct shallow
groove extending from near the beak obliquely to the postero-basal margin,
and a second broad groove extending from the hinge-line, immediately
behind the beak, vertically to the base of the shell, each one producing a
slight sinuosity in the margin of the shell: umbones vertical, or not per-
ceptibly inclined to either side of the shell; anterior cardinal slope nearly
flat, compressed and subalate. Surface concentrically marked with fine
subumbricating striz, which are undulated in passing over the depressed
lines on the anterior side of the shell.” Hall, 1859.

Several specimens from an unknown horizon in the Lower Helderberg
are referred to this species but not without doubt. All are in the form of
interior casts and none have the outline sufficiently complete to permit
restoration. Nevertheless, from the entire collection enough can be
gathered to show a very close resemblance to Hall’s figures and descrip-
tion. ‘The Maryland forms are in general much larger than those figured
by Hall.

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAuNAS OF MARYLAND 25

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG ForMATION, Last of Martin Mountain,
Allegany County, on road leading to Rush.
Collection.—Maryland Geological Survey.

CLASS GASTROPODA
Subclass STREPTONEURA
Order ASPIDOBRANCHIA

Suborder RHIPIDOGLOSSA
Family PLEUROTOMARIDAE
Genus PLEUROTOMARIA Defrance
PLEUROTOMARIA LABROSA Hall
Plate LXXX, Fig. 1

Pleurotomaria labrosa Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 339, pl.
Ixvi, figs. 1-5; pl. lvii, figs. 6a, b, 1861.

Description.—* Shell rhomboid ovate. Spire little elevated above the
body of the shell: volutions three or four; the upper ones small and
moderately increasing, the last one ventricose, much expanded on the
outer side, and subangular: aperture broadly ovate; the columellar lip
extremely thickened, the callosity extending to the outer lip. Surface
marked by prominent spiral ridges with wider furrows between, and, on |
the upper part of the volution, by a broader band or groove, which is mar-
gined by carinz: lines of growth marked by strong elevated lamellose
strie, which are undulated in passing over the spiral ridges; those mark-
ing the broader spiral band are less strongly elevated, and make a single
retral curve, indicating the marginal sinus.” Hall, 1859.

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG FoRMATION, NEW ScoTLaAND MEMBER.
Cumberland.

Collection. George M. Roeder.

26 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

Family BELLEROPHONTIDAE
Genus BELLEROPHON Montfort
BELLEROPHON CF. AURICULATUS Hall
Plate LX XIX, Figs. 1, 2
Bellerophon auriculatus Hall, 1852, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. ii, p. 334, pl.
Ixxvi, figs. 7a, 0.

Description.—< Convolute; volutions somewhat flattened from the
dorsal side; last volution rapidly enlarging; aperture expanded, curving
outwards and nearly reflexed at the lateral angles. The remains of a
carina, with arched strie diverging therefrom, are visible upon the dorsal
side.” Hall, 1852.

Several specimens in the collection of Mr. Roeder are tentatively re-
ferred to in this species. In general aspect they resemble Hall’s figures
very closely, but are much smaller. Precise horizon unknown.

Diameter of shell 1.5 cm.; of aperture 1.5 cm.

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG ForRMATION. Cumberland.

Collection.—George M. Roeder.

Genus CYRTOLITES Conrad
CYRTOLITES EXPANSUS Hall
Plate LX XIX, Figs. 5, 6
Cyrtolites ? expansus Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 479, pl. cxiv,
figs. 4, 5, 1861.
Cyrtolites expansus Clarke, 1900, Mem. N. Y. State Mus., vol. iii, No. 3, p. 28,
pl. iii, figs. 20-23.

Description.—* Shell obliquely depressed conical; the apex incurved,
but making scarcely or no more than, a single volution, very rapidly ex-
panding from the apex; the body ventricose; subcarinate on the dorsum:
aperture nearly circular. Surface of cast marked by faint transverse
ridges and finer longitudinal strie.” Hall, 1859.

a . characterized: 1 by the sharply concentric lamelle of the sur-
face; 2 by the broadly expanded aperture; 3 by the well-defined median
ridge on the earlier parts of the shell, on which the striz have a pronounced

retral bend, the ridge being obsolete at the margin.” Clarke, 1900.

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LowER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 24

In the collection of Mr. George M. Roeder is to be found the only entire
specimen which the writer has seen from Maryland. The agreement with
Hall’s description is very exact.

Diameter of shell 6.2 cm.; of aperture 4.75 cm.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY Formation, Rmcety Memper. Williams
Road near Cumberland.

Collections——Maryland Geological Survey, George M. Roeder.

Order CTENOBRANCHIATA
Suborder PLATYPODA

Superfamily GYMNOGLOSSA
Family PYRAMIDELLIDAE
Genus LOXONEMA Phillips

LOXONEMA FITCHI Hall
Plate LX XIX, Fig. 7

Lozxonema fitchi Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 296, pl. liv, figs 9
11a, b, 1861.

Description.—* Shell subfusiform, very gradually attenuate: volutions
seven or eight. Surface unknown.” Hall, 1859.

Volutions broadly arched, wide, suture deeply impressed. A few im-
perfect casts which may be from the Helderberg agree well with Hall’s
description and figures. In the state of their preservation no further
features can be observed.

Occurrence—HELDERBERG ForMATION. Tonoloway.

Collection——Maryland Geological Survey.

Superfamily TAENIOGLOSSA

Family LITTORINIDAE
Genus HOLOPEA Hall
HOLOPEA sp.
Description—A large specimen, coming from an unknown horizon in
the Lower Devonian, was studied, which evidently belongs to this genus,

but whose condition of preservation does not permit identification or de-

28 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

scription. In general aspect it is not unlike H. antiqua, but any attempt

at further identification is hazardous till further collections are made.
Occurrence.—HELDERBERG FORMATION. Cumberland.
Collection—George M. Roeder.

HLOLOPEA sp.
Plate LXXIX, Fig. 9

Description.—The large specimen figured represents a form which is
referred with doubt to this genus. A part of the body whorl has been
broken off, all surface features have been obliterated and the whole shell
laterally compressed, thus making identification impossible. The writer
is very much in doubt as to the horizon to which this specimen belongs.

Length 4 cm.; diameter 3.2 cm.

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG ForMATION. Cumberland.

Collection George M. Roeder.

Genus ORTHONYCHIA Hall

ORTHONYCHIA TORTUOSA (Hall)
Plate LX XIX, Figs. 10-12

Platyceras tortuosum Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 472, pl. exiii,
figs. 1-5, 1861.

Orthonychia tortuosa Clarke, 1900, Mem. N. Y. State Mus., vol. iii, No. 3, p. 30.

Platyceras tortuosum Weller, 1903, Geol. Survey N. J., Pal., vol. iii, p. 362,
pl. xlix, figs. 13-17.

Description.—* Shell spirally ascending, making a little more than one
free volution: volutions widely separated, very gradually increasing in
size towards the aperture, which is scarcely expanded; peristome very
oblique. A broad spiral fold sometimes marks the inner side of the spire.”
Hall, 1859.

Surface marked by irregular, undulating lamella, the undulations evi-
dently marking the position of sinuses. As high as three distinct folds are
observable on the interior of the spire.

Length 5 cm.; maximum diameter 3 cm.

A CoNTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 29

Occurrence. —ORISKANY ForRMATION, RIpGELY MeMBER. Devil’s Back-
bone, Hancock, Knobly Mountain near Cumberland.

Collections—Maryland Geological Survey, Maryland Academy of
Sciences.

Genus PLATYCERAS Conrad

PLATYCERAS NoDOosuM Conrad

Plate LX XIX, Figs. 13, 14
Platyceras nodosum Conrad, 1841, Ann. Rept. Pal. N. Y., p. 56.
Platyceras nodosum Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 475, pl. exv,
figs. 1-6; pl. exvi, figs. 1-4, 1861.

Platyceras nodosum Clarke, 1900, Mem. N. Y. State Mus., No. 3, vol. iii, p. 31.

Description.—* Subfalcate, with numerous thick obtuse nodes. ‘This
is a cast in the sandstone, and the shell was probably covered with spines.
Length two inches.” Conrad, 1841.

“ Shell obliquely subovate: volutions contiguous, about two or three,
very rapidly expanding from the apex; summit of the spire on a plane
with, or a little above, the outer volution; aperture round. Surface
marked by round obtuse nodes and strong interrupted or tortuous lamel-
lose strive.” Hall, 1859.

This species in its typical form with well-marked nodes, has been found
only in the Oriskany formation at Warren Point. However, several
localities furnish specimens with irregular swellings. Such specimens are
doubtfully referred to this species.

Diameter of shell 6.5 cm.; of aperture 5 cm.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY FoRMATION, RIDGELY MEMBER. Cumberland,
east side of Nicholas Mountain, Maryland; Warren Point, Pennsylvania.

Collection.—Maryland Geological Survey.

PLATYCERAS GEBHARDI Conrad
Plate LXXX, Figs. 2-9

Platyceras gebhardi Conrad, 1840, Ann. Rept. N. Y. Geol. Survey, p. 206.
Platyceras gebhardi Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 312, pl. lvi,
figs. 5a, b, 6, 7, 9; pl. lv, figs. 6a, b; p. 474, pl. exvii, figs. 1-10, 1861.
Platyceras cf. gebhardi Clarke, 1900, Mem. N. Y. State Mus., No. 3, vol. iii,

p. 30, pl. iii, fig. 29.
Strophostylus gebhardi Weller, 1903, Geol. Survey N. J., Pal., vol. iii, p. 318,
pl. xxxix, figs. 1-3.

30 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

Description‘ Shell obliquely subovate or subglobose, somewhat
gradually expanding, and becoming ventricose in the last volution. Spire
composed of about four volutions, which are contiguous except the last one
near the aperture, the apex being nearly in the plane of the outer volution:
aperture expanded, campanulate, and sometimes with the lip reflexed.
Surface marked by fine transverse undulating striw, which are sometimes
distinctly bent backwards along a line neur the dorso-lateral curvature of
the shell, or nearer to the middle of the summit, and rarely slightly
carinated along this line. In a few specimens, distinct revolving striz
are seen cancellating the transverse strie.” Hall, 1859.

This is the most common species of gastropod in the Lower Devonian
of the state. It varies widely in size and in the character of the apex
which is sometimes above and sometimes below the plane of the body
whorl. See further remarks under var. ventricosum.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATIoN, Ripcety Mermper. nobly
Mountain, Monster Rock, opposite Keyser, West Virginia; Nicholas
Mountain, Hancock, Cumberland, Flintstone, Maryland; Warren Point,
Pennsylvania. HELDERBERG ForMATION, NEW ScoTLAND MEMBER.
Cumberland, Maryland; Cherry Run, Miller’s Spring, West Virginia;
Warren Point, Pennsylvania.

Collections—Maryland Geological Survey, U. S. National Museum.

PLATYCERAS GEBHARDI VAR. VENTRICOSUM Conrad
Plate LXXXI

Platyceras ventricosum Conrad, 1840, Ann. Rept. Pal. N. Y., p. 206.

Platyceras ventricosum Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 311, pl.
lvi, figs. 1-4, 8; pl. lvii, fig. 4; p. 475, pl. exviii, figs. 3-9, 1861.

Platyceras ventricosum Meek and Worthen, 1868, Geol. Survey I11., vol. iii,
p. 441, pl. ii, figs. 4a, b.

Platyceras ventricosum Nicholson, 1874, Rept. upon the Pal. of the Province
of Ontario, p. 115, pl. ii, figs. 1, 1a.

Platyceras ventricosum Nettleroth, 1889, Kentucky Fossil Shells, p. 168, pl.
xo-ayy nites Alp

Description. Shell ventricose ; aperture very large and campanulate ;
volutions three, contiguous, depressed below the upper margin of the
whorl.” Conrad, 1845.

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 31

“The shell is obliquely ovate spreading rapidly from the apex, and be-
coming extremely ventricose below ; aperture campanulate ; the lip in con-
tact with the spire, and sometimes strongly reflexed. Surface marked by
fine transverse or concentric lamellose strive, which are somewhat un-
dulated and rarely finely cancellated by faint, revolving striae. Volutions
contiguous throughout, or the last one free; peristome continuous or in-
terrupted, free or in contact with the body volutions, sometimes abruptly
expanded at the margin.” Hall, 1859.

This variety is made a species by Hall. In the specimens from Mary-
land the difference hetween the typical Platyceras gebhardi and the variety
is so slight that it cannot be regarded as of specific value. Indeed, it is
extremely doubtful if even a varietal difference exists and the writer is of
the opinion that further collections will show the complete identity of
Hall’s two species.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATION, RrpGeLyY MremBer. Cumberland,
east side Nicholas Mountain, Hancock.

Collection—Maryland Geological Survey.

PLATYCERAS MAGNIFIcUM Hall
Plate LX XXII, Figs. 1-6

Platyceras magnificum Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 476, pl.
exix, figs. 1-6, 1861.

Description ——* Shell obliquely subovate. Spire depressed below the
plane of the outer volution: volutions two or three, very rapidly expanding
and becoming extremely ventricose below, usually free or with the first
one contiguous; aperture expanded, subcircular, campanulate, and often
with the margin reflexed, particularly on the left side. Surface marked
by distinct transverse lamellose undulating striew.” Hall, 1859.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATION, RIDGELY MEMBER. Cumberland,
east side Nicholas Mountain, Cash Valley, Maryland; Warren Point,
Pennsylvania; Miller’s Spring, West Virginia.

Collections.—Maryland Geological Survey, U. S. National Museum.

32 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

PLATYCERAS SUBFALCATUM 0. sp.
Plate LXXXII, Figs. 7, 8; Plate LX XXIII, Figs. 1-3

Description.—Shell subfalcate ; whorls (of casts) one; very rapidly ex-
panding from beak to aperture, becoming extremely ventricose, and sud-
denly contracting at the aperture ; surface marked by low, distant, parallel,
longitudinal undulations, sometimes becomes shghtly nodulose ; aperture
subcircular ; outer surface and peristome not seen. Found only as internal
casts.

This species in the character of the undulations, bears some resemblance
to P. platystomum of the Lower Helderberg of New York; but its shape
and the constriction of the aperture show it to be distinct from other
species of the genus.

Diameter of shell 4.5 em. to 8 cm.; of aperture 3.2 cm. to 6 cm.

Occurrence.-—ORISKANY ForRMATION, RipGELY MrErmBer. Hancock.

Collection —Maryland Geological Survey.

PLATYCERAS PATULUM Hall
Plate LXXXIII, Fig. 4
Platyceras refilecum Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 477, pl. cxx,
fig. 3, 1861.

Description.—* Shell subhemispheric. Spire forming about three volu-
tions, which are usually contiguous, sometimes free, very rapidly expand-
ing, the last one extremely ventricose and assuming a hemispheric form ;
apex much below the plane of the last volution. Aperture nearly circular ;
peristome much expanded upon the side of the body volution, and thicken-
ing below in the form of a columellar hp. Surface transversely striated.”
Hall, 1859.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY FoRMATION, RIDGELY MemMBer. Cumberland.

Collection—F rank Hartley.

PLATYCERAS REFLEXUM Hall
Plate LXXXITI, Figs. 5, 6; Plate LX XXIV, Figs. 1, 2

Platyceras reflexuwm Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 477, pl. exx,
figs. 1-7, 1861.

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 33

Description-—* Shell spiral, obliquely or arcuately subconical, spirally
ascending ; the apex consisting of one or two free, but closely approxi-
mating volutions; the body volution diverging, and spreading somewhat
rapidly towards the aperture: aperture broad, the peristome often sinuous
and sometimes abruptly expanded: volutions round or subangular, and
rarely distinctly angular, with the aperture subquadrate. Surface trans-
versely striate ; the strize sometimes bent abruptly backwards on the sur-
face, indicating the existence of a marginal notch at some period of
growth.” Hall, 1859.

Occurrence—HELDERBERG ForMATION, NEw ScornaANp Member.
Corriganville. OrtskKANy ForMATION, RIDGELY MEMBER. Cumberland,
east side Nicholas Mountain.

Collections.—Maryland Geological Survey, U. 8. National Museum.

PLATYCERAS ? CALLOSUM Hall
Plate LX XXIV, Figs. 3, 4

Platyceras ? (Platyostoma ?) callosum Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol.
Hipp dis, sl Cx ss. Sa, by Sol,

Description.— Shell obliquely ovoid, ventricose. Spire consisting of
about three volutions ; the apex minute, and the first two volutions nearly
in the same plane; the last volution expanding greatly below. Aperture
suborbicular: peristome continuous, thickened and coalescing with the
body volution at its lower side; the umbilical cavity closed by a callosity ;
the shell, approaching the aperture, becoming lamellose; the lamellx
elevated and imbricating. Surface marked by undulating transverse striz
and obscure revolving striz, with obsolete parallel undulations. The lines
of growth are strongly arched forward on the middle of the back of the
shell.” Hall, 1859.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATION, RipGELY MremeBer. Cumberland
(fide Hall).

Collection.—American Museum of Natural History.

34 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

PLATYCERAS SINUATUM Hall ?
Plate LX XXIV, Figs. 5, 6
Platyceras sinuatum Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 314, pl. lv,
Nese5 75 ple Lvs figes2, Neos

Description.—* Shell depressed, somewhat obliquely ovoid: volutions
about three, contiguous, the last one becoming very ventricose, a little
flattened on the upper side, and expanded laterally to the axis of the spire:
aperture broad, campanulate; margin deeply sinuate. Surface marked by
fine concentric or transverse lamellose striz, and stronger wrinkles or
folds. The striz are abruptly bent backwards on the upper dorsal side,
and a deep sinus marks the labrum: the lower side of the aperture is like-
wise deeply sinuate.” Hall, 1859.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY FORMATION, RipGELY Mrmper. East side
Nicholas Mountain.

Collection.—Maryland Geological Survey.

PLATYCERAS TRILOBATUM Hall ?
Plate LXX XIV, Figs. 7, 8
Platyceras trilobatum Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 316, pl. lvii,
figs. 5a, b, c, 1861.

Description.—* Body of the shell obliquely or arcuately ovoid, trilobate :
volutions three or four, the last one (or more) becoming free, gradually
expanding to the aperture; the apex closely involved and rising above the
plane of the outer volution, or sometimes on the same plane, concave
towards the suture: aperture subangularly ovate, sinuate on the right and
left sides, and the shell extended in front. Surface marked by two strong
spiral depressions corresponding to the sinuosities of the aperture, and
crossed by lamellose strive which are strongly undulated on the sinuosities
of the last volution, and are marked by other undulations on the earher
volutions, indicating former sinuosities in the margin of the aperture.”
Hall, 1859.

A specimen in the U. 8. National Museum is much smaller than those
figured by Hall, but in other respects closely resembling this species. The

three sinuses are shown better by the undulating striz on the surface than

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 35

by the aperture. It is referred, with hesitancy, to this species ; the absence
of the spire making identification uncertain.

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG ForMATION, NEw ScorLtanD MEMBER.
Corriganville.

Collection—U. S. National Museum.

PLATYCERAS MULTISINUATUM Hall
Plate LXXXV, Figs. 4-6
Platyceras multisinuatum Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 319, pl.
lviii, figs. 8a, 6, c, and 9a, b, 1861.

Description.—* Shell subdiscoid in the young state; apex nearly on a
plane with the outer volution: volutions about three, the first ones minute ;
outer one becoming free, ventricose, rounded or scarcely angular below,
somewhat flattened on the upper side, marked by several ridges and shallow
depressions on the upper and dorsal side: aperture somewhat longitudi-
nally oval; peristome sinuate, with a deeper sinuosity on the anterior
margin. Surface marked by fine transverse strie, which are strongly un-
dulated on the inequalities of the shell, and crossed by fine longitudinal
or revolving striew.” Hall, 1859.

A single individual has been observed which shows as nearly as can be
seen, the features in the above description. Although this specimen is
fragmentary, the peculiar markings of the species leave no doubt as to the
identity of the former. The revolving striz are not observable.

Occurrence-—HELDERBERG FoRMATION, NEW ScoTLaND MEMBER.
Cumberland ?

Collection.—George M. Roeder.

PLATYCERAS PLATYSTOMUM Hall ?
Plate LXXXV, Fig. 7

Platyceras platystomum Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 326, pl.
xe fies: G0, eeeple xd, es: 1as0. G18 b6Ls

Description.—* Shell obliquely depressed conical, arcuate on the upper
part of the first volution ; the apex obtuse, consisting of about a single close

36 A CoNTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

volution: aperture expanded, campanulate, and sometimes slightly re-
flexed. Surface marked by longitudinal plications, which are more or less
strongly developed, and are crossed by fine closely arranged lamellose
strie, which are often crowded into wrinkles upon the middle and lower
part of the shell.” Hall, 1859.

A poorly preserved specimen from the Oriskany is, with grave doubt,
referred to this species. The general form of the shell agrees, in a
measure, with published descriptions and figures of this species. However,
the plications are not observable except faintly on the interior side of the
body whorl. The shell has been silicified and portions have again been
dissolved away and the apex is broken off, rendering exact determination
impossible.

Occurrence-—ORISKANY ForMATION, RipceLy MemBer. Knobly
Mountain, West Virginia.

Collection.—Maryland Geological Survey.

PLATYCERAS SPIRALE Hall
Plate LXXXV, Figs. 8, 9

Platyceras spirale Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 331, pl. Lxiii,
figs. 4-9, 1861.

Platyceras spirale Meek and Worthen, 1868, Geol. Survey II1., vol. iii, p. 389,
pl. vii, figs. 12a, b, c.

Description.—< Shell spirally ascending: apex consisting of a single
minute close volution, below which are one or two widely separated and
gradually enlarging volutions : aperture spreading, rounded or broad oval ;
peristome sinuate. Apex and upper part of the shell smooth, or with only
fine transverse striz, more or less distinctly plicated on one side below
with strong lamellose undulating striae.” Hall, 1859.

Length 2.25 cm.; diameter of aperture, 1.8 cm.

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG ForMAtTIoN, NEW ScortanD MEMBER.
Corriganville.

Collection.—U.S. National Museum.

A CoNTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 37

PLATYCERAS GRACILE 0. sp.
Plate LXXXV, Figs. 10-13

Description.—Shell spirally and obliquely ascending; whorls one or
one and one-half; shell gracefully and spirally tapering regularly to an
acute apex, the summit of which lies about in the plane of the right side
of the aperture ; surface marked by irregular growth lines which often tend
toward irregular, low undulations; aperture slightly higher than wide;
peristome not seen. Most of the specimens show irregular wide grooves
extending spirally from the ventral side of the aperture half, or more, of
the length of the shell.

This species has some resemblance to P. tortwosum Hall, but is easily
separated by its much larger size, more rapid expansion, and by the greater
obliquity of the apical portion of the shell.

Length 4.5 cm.; diameter of aperture 3.5 cm.

Occurrence.-—ORISKANY ForMATION, RipGELY MEMBER. Cumberland,
Maryland; Knobly Mountain, West Virginia.

Collection—Maryland Geological Survey.

PLATYCERAS SUBCONICUM Na. sp.
Plate LXXXVI, Figs. 1-3

Description.—Shell arcuately to obliquely conical; whorls, one or a
little more, free; shell expanding rapidly at first, then somewhat more
gently ; apex blunt, twisted so as to project on the right side of the shell;
aperture subcircular; peristome not observed. Some individuals show a
surface marked by faint irregular growth lines. Wide, obsolete, longi-
tudinal ridges are seen on a few shells. The aperture is sometimes irregu-
larly sinuous on the ventral side, due to an irregular crinkling of the shell.

This species was recognized as new by the late Dr. Rowe, and to it he
applied the name subconicum. It seems, however, that he did not describe
the species; but the name given by him is here retained.

Length about 4 cm.; diameter of aperture 4.3 cm.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY FoRMATION, RIDGELY MemBer. Cumberland,
Maryland; Knobly Mountain, West Virginia.

Collections—Maryland Geological Survey, U. 8. National Museum.

38 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

PLATYCERAS NEWBERRYI Hall
Plate LXXXVI, Fig. 4

Platyceras newberryi Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 333, pl. Lxiii,
figs. 14a-e, 1861.

Description.—* Shell subdiscoidal, with the last volution expanded:
volutions about three, nearly in the same plane; the first two minute and
closely involved, the last one free, somewhat rapidly expanding, flattened
upon the back and becoming ventricose towards the aperture: aperture
rounded or broad oval. Surface marked by strong transverse or slightly
oblique nodes or ridges upon the dorso-lateral angles of the last volution,
about eleven or twelve on each side, which are sometimes connected by a
low ridge across the back (the two upper volutions being rounded and free
from such ridges). Entire surface marked by regular even thread-like
longitudinal striz.” Hall, 1859.

A single individual of this species has been found in the state. Of its
identity there is little if any doubt, but, as seen in the specimen figured,
the transverse ridges are very oblique, due, in part at least, to distortion.

Height 1.5 cm.; diameter of aperture 2.3 em.

Occurrence-—ORISKANY Formation, RmGEety MEMBER. Warren
Point, Pennsylvania.

Collection—Maryland Geological Survey.

Genus STROPHOSTYLUS Hall
STROPHOSTYLUS TRANSVERSUS Hall
Plate LXXXVI, Figs. 5-7

Strophostylus transversus Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 470,
pl. cxiv, figs. 1a, b, c, 1861.

Description.—* Shell obliquely ovate, symmetrical. Spire little ele-
vated: volutions about four, the last one extremely ventricose and very
much extended on the margin; aperture subcircular; outer lip very thin,
curving downwards and spreading over the surface of the adjacent volu-
tion. Columelle lip spirally grooved: suture canaliculate. Surface
finely striated in direction parallel to the lines of growth, with a few more
strongly marked imbricating lines of growth.” Hall, 1859.

Length 3.75 cm.; maximum diameter 4.5 cm.

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 39

Occurrence.—ORISKANY FoRMATION, RIDGELY MemBer. Cumberland
(fide Hall).
Collection American Museum of Natural History.

STROPHOSTYLUS MATHERI Hall
Plate LXXXVI, Figs. 8, 9

Strophostylus matheri Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 471, pl.
exviii, figs. 1a, b, 1861.

Description.—* Shell obliquely ovoid or subglobose ; the spire elevated :
volutions about four, the last comprising almost the entire bulk of the
shell. Aperture subcircular, a little higher than wide: peristome con-
tinuous, thin, joining the adjacent volution on the lower side or becoming
free on the posterior side, and joining the outer margin of the columellar
lip. Volutions very symmetrically decreasing; suture canaliculate; the
depression deepening towards the last volution, till, in older forms, the last
volution is sometimes quite free at the aperture. Surface marked by fine
transverse striae, which, in older specimens, become towards the aperture
elevated, lamellose, and imbricating.” Hall, 1859.

Hall’s type specimen of this species came from Cumberland. The writer
has seen but a single individual.

Length 2.5 cm.; diameter 2.4 cm.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY FORMATION, RIDGELY MEMBER. Cumberland,
east side Nicholas Mountain.

Collection—Maryland Geological Survey.

Genus DIAPHOROSTOMA Fischer
DIAPHOROSTOMA VENTRICOSUM (Conrad)
Plate LAXXVII, Figs. 1, 2

Platyostoma ventricosa Conrad, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. viii,
p. 275, pl. xvii, fig. 5.

Platyostoma ventricosa Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 300, pl. lv,
figs. 9a, b, c, d; p. 469, pl. exii, figs. 1-10; pl. exiii, figs. 7, 8; pl. exv, fig. 8,
1861.

Platyostoma ventricosa Nicholson, 1874, Rept. upon the Pal. of Province
of Ontario, p. 117, pl. ii, fig. 4.

Diaphorostoma ventricosum Clarke, 1900, Mem. N. Y. State Mus., No. 3, vol.
lii, p. 30, pl. iii, figs. 25-28.

Platyostoma ventricosa Weller, 1903, Geol. Survey, N. J., Pal., vol. iii, p. 361,
pl. xlix, figs. 7-11.

40 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

Description‘ Globose: whorls somewhat scaliform, or flattened
above; lower part of columella prominent; labrum reflected; width and
length of aperture nearly equal.” Conrad, 1842.

“ Shell globose or depressed globose and often obliquely ovoid, varying
inform. Spire moderately elevated, consisting of three or four yolutions,
the last of which is extremely ventricose; volutions flattened upon the
upper side; aperture circular or subovate; columellar lip reflexed. Sur-
face marked by fine closely arranged striz parallel to the lines of growth.”
Hall, 1859.

Length of maximum form 7 cm.; diameter 9 cm.

This species is very common in the Oriskany of Maryland. Some forms
of Platyceras gebhardi bear a strong resemblance to this form, but the
latter always has an elevated spire which, with the prominence of the lower
part of the columella, serves to distinguish the species.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATION, RipGELY MEMBER. Cumberland,
Hancock, east side Nicholas Mountain, Maryland; Warren Point, Penn-
sylvania; Knobly Mountain, West Virginia.

Collections.—Maryland Geological Survey, U. S. National Museum.

DIAPHOROSTOMA DEPRESSUM (Hall)

Plate LXXXVI, Figs. 11, 12

Platyostoma depressa Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 301, pl. lv,

figs. 4a, 4b.

Description.—* Shell depressed globose. Spire short, little elevated
above the body of the shell: volutions three or four, a little depressed at the
suture and regularly curving on the top and sides; aperture round or
transversely suboval. Surface somewhat lamellose-striate.” Hall, 1859.

This species as found in Maryland is poorly preserved. Only about
a half-dozen individuals have come under the notice of the writer, most
of them being in the U. 8. National Museum and having been identified
by Schuchert.

Occurrence. —ORISKANY ForRMATION, RIDGELY MEMBER. South end
of Nicholas Mountain (?). HEtLpDERBERG ForMATION, NEW SCOTLAND
MemMBeER. Corriganville.

Collections.—Maryland Geological Survey, U. S. National Museum.

A CoNTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 41

DIAPHOROSTOMA DESMATUM Clarke
Plate LXXXVI, Figs. 13, 14

Diaphorostoma desmatum Clarke, 1900, Mem. N. Y. State Mus., vol. iii, No. 3,
p. 29, pl. iii, figs. 13-19.

Platyostoma desmatum Weller, 1903, Pal. N. J., vol. iii, p. 262, pl. xlix, fig. 12.

Description.—The U. 8. National Museum has a very small specimen
of this species from the Lower Oriskany. The species lacks a definite de-
scription; what has been published being comparisons rather than de-
scriptions. The specimen figured was identified by Schuchert.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY FORMATION, SHRIVER MEMBER. 21st Bridge.

Collection.—U. 8S. National Museum.

Order OPISTHOBRANCHIATA

Suborder CONULARIDA
Family TENTACULIDAE
Genus TENTACULITES Schlotheim
TENTACULITES ? AcuS Clarke

Plate LXX XVII, Fig. 5

Tentaculites ? acus Clarke, 1900, Mem. N. Y. State Mus., No. 3, vol. iii, p. 28,
pl. ili, figs. 1-7.

Description. Shells having as large size as those of T’. elongatus but
with the exterior surface smooth or with very faint, distant, broad, con-
centric depressions and fine, indistinct and somewhat irregular growth
strie. The internal cast is similar to that of 7’. elongatus, but has the
constrictions less deep. Specimens of this species are not uncommon. The
wall of this species is thick and cellular, and a transverse section gives
two or more concentric circles at any plane, showing the ensheathment
of the funnel-like divisions of the interior. This structure is much more
pronounced than in any species of Tentaculites observed by the writer
and, though more regular than in Cornulites, may prove to be of the same
nature.” Clarke, 1900.

42 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

The writer has seen but a single specimen of this species. The con-
dition of preservation is such that no details could be learned further than
those given by the author of the species.

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG FORMATION, BEecRAFT MEMBER. Warren
Point, Pennsylvania.

Collection.—Maryland Geological Survey.

TENTACULITES ACULUS Hall
Plate LXXXVII, Figs. 6, 7

Tentaculites aculus Hall, 1888, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. vii, p. 6 (supple-
ment to vol. v), pl. cxiv, figs. 15-17.
Tentaculites acula ? Weller, 1903, Pal. N. J., vol. iii, p. 336, pl. xliii, fig. 11.
Description—* This species is distinguished by the regular, equi-
distant annuli and the few annulations on the intervals.” Hall, 1888.
Occurrence.—ORISKANY FORMATION, SHRIVER MEMBER. 21st Bridge,
Cash Valley, North Branch.

Collections.—Maryland Geological Survey, U. S. National Museum.

TENTACULITES ELONGATUS Hall
Plate LXXXVII, Figs. 8-10

Tentaculites elongatus Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 136, pl. vi,
figs. 16-21, 1861.

Tentaculites elongatus Hall, 1888, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. vii, p. 6 (supple-
ment), pl. exiv, fig. 14.

Tentaculites elongatus Clarke, 1900, Mem. N. Y. State Mus., No. 3, vol. iii,
p. 27, pl. iii, figs. 8-12.

Tentaculites elongatus Weller, 1903, Pal. N. J., vol. iii, p. 295, pl. xxxii, fig. 4;
Dole sp. obo, Diol, figs, 4.5.

Description Body extremely elongated and very gradually tapering
to the apex, which is sometimes slightly curved; marked by strong, sharp
annulations of which more than three occur in the space of the diameter
of the tube. Section cylindrical. Surface ornamented by fine close an-
nulating strie. Length from one to three inches. Annulations four or
five in the space of a quarter of an inch at the base of the larger specimens,

and about nine in the same space near the apex.” Hall, 1859.

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 43

It is not always easy to distinguish this species from 7’. aculus ; but in
the latter the annulations are more closely and regularly arranged, espe-
cially on the earlier portions of the shell. In New York this species occurs
in both the Helderberg and the Oriskany.

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG FORMATION, COEYMANS MEMBER. Dawson.
NEw ScottanD MremsBer. Devil’s Backbone. OriIsKANY FORMATION,
SHRIVER MemBer. Cumberland, west side of Queen’s Point opposite
Keyser, Winchester Road near Allegany Grove.

Collections.—Maryland Geological Survey, U. S. National Museum.

Cuss CEPHALOPODA
Subclass TETRABRANCHIATA
Order NAUTILOIDEA

Suborder ORTHOCHOANITES
Family ORTHOCERATIDAE

Genus ORTHOCERAS Breyn

ORTHOCERAS LONGICAMERATUM Hall
Plate LAXXVIII, Figs. 1-3
Orthoceras longicameratum Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. 1ii, p. 343,
pin ixxhe pl lex ne sacl. loos

Description.—* Shell elongated, very gradually tapering; chamber ex-
tremely elongated. Septa numerous, highly arched, about four or five in
the space of the diameter of the shell. Siphuncle moniliform. Surface
unknown.” Hall, 1859.

The exact horizon is unknown.

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG FORMATION. Cumberland.

Collection —U. 8S. National Museum.

44 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

ARTHROPODA
Subbranch BRANCHIATA
cuss CRUSTACEA
Subclass TRILOBITA

Order OPISTHOPARIA
Family PROETIDAE

Genus PROETUS Steininger

PROETUS CF. PROTUBERANS Hall
Plate LXXXIX, Figs. 2-4

Proétus protuberans Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 351, pl. xxiii,
figs. 5-8, 1861.

Description.—* Entire form oblong elliptical. Head semicircular, very
gibbous; the glabella very prominent, rounded in front, not distinctly
lobed; the cheeks sloping abruptly from the eyes to the outer margin:
posterior angles subacute (perhaps prolonged into spines in entire speci-
mens); eyes prominent. Occipital annulation prominent; the furrow
strong, and marked below each posterior angle of the glabella by a small
tubercle. Thorax consisting of nine or ten articulations (the specimen
being too imperfect for actual determination). ‘The axis is very promi-
nent, semicylindrical, and the lateral lobes nearly flat for a little distance
from their origin, and then bending abruptly downwards. Pygidium semi-
circular: axis very prominent, marked (in the cast) by eight annulations ;
lateral lobes marked by four or five ribs. Surface granulate; the anterior
border, and articulating surfaces of the axis striate: exfoliated surfaces
striate: Hall. 1859;

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG ForMATION, NEW ScoTLAND MEMBER.
Corriganville.

Collection—American Museum of Natural History.

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 45

Genus CORDANIA Clarke
CoRDANIA CycLuRus (Hall and Clarke)
Plate LXXXIX, Figs. 5, 6

Phaéthonides cyclurus Hall and Clarke, 1888, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. vii,
Dp: 137, ply xxiv, figs. 26-28) pl; xxv, fie. 11:

Description.—* Cephalon. The intra-sutural portion, which is the only
part known, indicates a semicircular outline for the head; frontal and
lateral areas depressed and concave; frontal margin elevated, rising to
the height of the glabella, broad, thickened and rounded. Palpebral lobes
conspicuous. Glabella subpyriform, convex, shghtly flattened above,
bounded by a sulcus which is strong at the side and obsolete in front.
Baso-lateral lobes strong ; antero-lateral impressions well marked. Cheeks
appressed and elevated along the lateral margins of the glabella. Thorax
not observed. Pygidium semicircular; length to width as 1 to 2. Axis
prominent, elevated and longitudinally arched ; width less than one-third
that of the shield, rapidly tapering to an apex just within the posterior
border ; composed of nine annulations which are transverse, rounded and
separated by moderately broad sulci. Pleure evenly rounding to the
flattened border, and bearing seven annulations, which are strongly sulcate.
Border broad, depressed or flat. All the pleural annulations pass over the
border to its edge, where the anterior and posterior limbs are of equal
strength. Doublure broad.

“The cephalon shows traces of low pustules over the glabella, and upon
the depressed frontal area, where they become elongate or lachrymate,
sometimes anastomosing, leaving elongate depressions between them; the
frontal border also bears an irregular row of conspicuous tubercles. The
pygidium is marked by regularly arranged pustules; a median row upon
the axis, bifurcating at the fifth or sixth annulation, thence backward
continuing double until it becomes obsolete. Four rows of finer pustules
are also visible on the axis, two on either side of the median row. The
pleurs bear three or four rows of small pustules, and the interspaces of
the crust are minutely granulose, and punctate. The lower surface of the
doublure is marked by faint radiating or venate striations.” Hall and
Clarke, 1888.

46 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

This species, as it occurs in Maryland, differs somewhat from Hall and
Clarke’s types in that the former have a somewhat longer glabella and the
position of a single pair of side furrows is merely indicated by a pair of
depressions on the sides of the glabella.

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG FORMATION, NEW ScorLaND (?) MEMBER.
Cumberland.

Collection —George M. Roeder.

Genus CYATHASPIS Burmeister

CYATHASPIS AUSTRALIS N. sp.
Plate LXXXIX, Figs. 7, 8

Description.—Cephalon. Semielliptical transversely; length to width
about as 1 to 2; genal angles (imperfect in only specimen seen) pro-
duced, diverging posteriorly; border smooth, thickened, a broad well-
defined sulcus lying concentrically within the thickened border and ex-
tending from base to base of the genal angles. Facial sutures originat-
ing in posterior margin, extending directly and very obliquely inward and
forward to the palpebral lobes, thence directed obliquely outward and
forward to marginal sulcus where they curve sharply inward and forward
to the frontal margin. Glabella U-shaped, moderately and regularly con-
vex, bounded by a deep, well-defined sulcus which widens markedly near
the palpebral lobes; basal lobes pyriform, slightly alternate anteriorly,
oblique, conspicuous; baso-lateral furrows well marked, very convex on
inner side, antero-lateral furrows obsolete; frontal area regularly convex
to marginal sulcus.

Eyes large, very prominent, visual area semi-circular, palpebral lobes
small. - Cheeks small, sloping steeply to marginal sulcus; a well-defined
furrow running from base of genal angles obliquely inward and forward,
almost parallel to facial suture, to posterior extremity of palpebral lobe;
occipital furrow narrow but sharply marked; occipital ring moderately
broad on axis, tapering laterally. Thorax elongate, subequally trilobate ;
segments thirteen (?) ; axis well arched, but slightly depressed medially,

of same width to two-thirds or more of the distance from cephalon, then

A CoNTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 47

tapering posteriorly; pleure depressed on interior portions, abruptly
deflected distally; each annulation bearing a longitudinal furrow which
runs from near the anterior side in the axial region obliquely to the middle
of the annulation, becoming obsolete distally ; the smaller anterior portion
of each annulation with a small spine at fulcral line as in C. crespedota.
Pygidium not seen. Surface of cephalon smooth; that of the thorax
covered by small irregular pustules, which are more numerous on the axis.

This species bears a close resemblance to C. crespedota of the Hamilton
of New York, but is quite distinct. C. celebs of the Lower Helderberg
of that state differs widely from this species especially in the features of
the axis of the thorax. Only a single individual of this genus has so far
been reported from the Lower Devonian of Maryland. The exact horizon
is unknown.

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG ForMATION. Cumberland.

Collection.—George M. Roeder.

Order PROPARIA
Family CALYMENIDAE

Genus HOMALONOTUS Koenig

HOMALONOTUS SWARTZI 0. sp.
Plate LXX XIX, Figs. 10-12; Plate XC, Figs. 1, 2

Description—Cephalon unknown. Thorax very broad, trilobation obso-
lete, axial portion broadly arched, pleural portions steeply descending ;
segments curving gently forward in axial portion; posterior portion of
each segment broad axially, tapering gradually toward fulcra; transverse
suture of each segment of nearly constant width, a narrower and less steep
secondary suture anterior to and parallel with the primary; pleure bend-
ing suddenly downward at fulcra, the transverse suture curving forward
distally, leaving the posterior portion of the segment very broad.
Pygidium large, subtriangular in outline, lateral margins at base nearly
rectilinear, posterior extremity not seen; faintly trilobate, the faint longi-

tudinal furrows making with each other an angle of about 40° ; axis very

48 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

broad, depressed, annulations ten or eleven, low and broad, arching broadly
anteriorly ; pleurze profoundly arched along fulcra and incurved at base,
each bearing ten annulations which are broad, low, nearly direct, and be-
coming obsolete distally. Dimensions of pygidium: Length about 82
mm.; width 72 mm.

A cast of a pygidium, which is taken as the type of the species, was
discovered by Dr. C. K. Swartz and is named for him. In size this species
is comparable to H. major Whitfield. The above incomplete description
of the thorax is from a single thoracic segment from Miller’s Spring, West
Virginia. The pygidium and the segment presumably belong to the same
species. Both occur in the Oriskany, and are of large proportions and the
fulera are of about equal sharpness.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATION, RIDGELY MEMBER. Sand quarry
4 miles southwest of Hancock (pygidium), Maryland; Miller’s Spring
(thoracic segment of glabella), West Virginia.

Collection.—Maryland Geological Survey.

HOMALONOTUS VANUXEMI Hall
Plate LXX XIX, Figs. 13-15; Plate XC, Fig. 3
Homalonotus vanuxemi Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 352, pl.
xxiii, figs. 9-14, 1861.
Homalonotus vanuxemi Hall and Clarke, 1888, ibidem, vol. vii, p. 11, pl. vb,
figs. 1, 2.
Homalonotus vanuxemi Weller, 1903, Pal. N. J., vol. iii, p. 321, pl. xxxix, figs.
7, 8; p. 338, pl. xliv, figs. 4-7.

Description.—*‘ Thorax long: sides subparallel, the middle lobe flat-
tened on the exterior surface ; articulations arching forward ; longitudinal
furrows faintly defined, being a simple undulation in the articulations ;
lateral lobes narrow, the articulations bent abruptly downwards at the
sides. Pygidium subtriangular with the articulating side much longer
and broadly curving, extremely convex: axis prominent in the young
specimens, and becoming subdued in older ones; width, at its upper ex-
tremity, equal to that of each of the lateral lobes. Annulations fourteen
or fifteen in the cast, and twelve ribs visible on each of the lateral lobes.
Surface of the test punctate and striato-punctate: cast punctate.” Hall,

1859.

A CONTRIBUTION TO tHE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 49

Cephalon convex depressed, having the shape of a flaring U, lateral lines
rectilinear, making with each other an angle of about 54°, anterior margin
somewhat broadly rounded. Length to width about as 2 to 3; genal angles
rather abruptly but regularly rounded. Facial sutures originating in
genal angle nearer the lateral margin, thence running obliquely forward,
rounding and passing inward parallel to posterior margin of cephalon
toward points posterior to the eyes, thence again obliquely inward to the
eyes, thence forward to anterior margin. No transverse suture observed,
but may be present.

Glabella subescutcheonoid, broader posteriorly, lateral margins almost
rectilinear, but slightly concave outwards, anterior angles rounded, pos-
terior angles sharp, length five-eighths, or less, that of the cephalon,
lateral furrows undefined in specimens observed. Cheeks free, sinuous
on surface and abruptly deflected marginally. Eyes situated on large
elevated protuberances which are slightly elliptical parallel to the lat-
eral margin of the cephalon and each bounded by a wide shallow furrow
which is less definite adjacent to lateral margin of the cephalon. Visual
areas small, nearly circular, but slightly elongate parallel to the longer
axis of the protuberances upon which they are situated.

The description is from two specimens belonging to the U. 8. Nationa!
Museum from near Franklin, Pendleton County, West Virginia. One
shows the genal angles well, but neither has the anterior extremity of the
cephalon. So far as the writer knows these two specimens and a fragment
in the New York State Museum are the only specimens of the cephalon
of this species yet discovered.

Occurrence. —ORISKANY ForRMATION, RipGeLy Memser. Knobly
Mountain near Cumberland, Maryland; opposite Franklin, West Virginia.

Collections.—Maryland Geological Survey, U. S. National Museum.

Family PHACOPIDAE

Genus PHACOPS Emmrich
PHACcOoPS LOGANT Hall
Plate XCI, Figs. 1-4

Phacops logani Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 353, pl. lxxiii, figs.
15-25, 1861.
Phacops logani Weller, 1903, Pal. N. J., vol. iii, p. 231, pl. xl, figs. 3, 4.

50 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

Description.—< General form elliptical. Head semicircular in outline,
broadly concave above, with the posterior angles curved and declining
more abruptly. Glabella somewhat pentagonal ; length and greatest breadth
nearly in the proportion of three to four; very prominent in front, project-
ing beyond the rudimentary frontal limb, which becomes more developed
on each side, and below which is a defined groove, marking the limits of the
lower side of the cephalic test. Upper surface convex, gibbous in front,
having two pairs of transverse grooves, the middle and posterior ones of
which are but faintly defined; while the third or anterior ones, extending
from the inner angle of the eye backwards, and a little inwards, are
scarcely conspicuous, and, on many specimens, not observable. First
annular furrow strongly defined, and sometimes with a small tubercle at
the summit: first or intercalated annulation narrow and well defined, and
terminated at each extremity by a strong oblong tubercle, which is wider
than the annulations, and usually marked by two pustules at the summit,
one on each side of the center. Occipital furrow wider and more strongly
defined than in the intercalated one, slightly sinuous, and terminating in a
deep cavity at each extremity: occipital annulation broad and strong,
slightly sinuate at the extremities, and, when entire, marked by one larger
central pustule and several smaller ones.

Eyes of medium size, their summit less elevated than the glabella, ex-
tending backwards to the hne of the occipital furrow, composed of seven-
teen vertical ranges of lenses; the entire number of lenses in full-grown
specimens about one hundred, and varying in the specimens examined
from ninety-three to one hundred and three.

“The axis of the thorax is prominent, and narrower than each of the
lateral lobes; the annulations furnished with a prominent node at each
extremity. The lateral lobes are flat or somewhat concave towards the
axis, the articulations bending abruptly downwards from the middle
towards the extremities: each articulation strongly grooved, the groove
extending beyond the curvature. Pygidium semicircular ; the axis promi-
nent, with about nine annulations; the lateral lobes having abont five or
six ribs, each with a groove along the center. Surface of the glabella

pustulose, and of the articulations granulose, with some larger granules or

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 51

pustules. The crust is thin, and the interior of the glabella shows distinct
cavities corresponding to the external pustules. Hypostoma hastate; the
buccal extremity obtuse, with a minute central point.” Hall, 1859.
Occurrence.—HELDERBERG ForRMATION, NEw ScortaANnd MEMBER.
Devil’s Backbone, Corriganville, Maryland; Cedar Chiff, West Virginia.
Collections.—Maryland Geological Survey, U. 8. National Museun..

PHACOPS sp ?
Plate XCI, Figs. 5-7

Description—Two pygidia and a larger cephalon from the Oriskany
are too poorly preserved to determine or describe. They are associated
in the brown sandstone south of Cumberland and are assumed as belong-
ing to the same species.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY FORMATION, RIDGELY MEMBER. Cumberland.

Collection.—George M. Roeder.

Genus DALMANITES Emmrich

DALMANITES MULTIANNULATUS Ni. sp.
Plate XCI, Figs. 12-15; Plate XCII; Plate XCIII, Fig. 1

Description.—Complete cephalon not seen. Fragments show the follow-
ing characters: Convex, depressed; a broad concave border extends from
one genal angle to the other; within and concentric with this is a narrower
arched ridge; with and concentric with this ridge is a second concave
furrow narrower than the first; glabella large, becoming narrower pos-
teriorly ; frontal lobe depressed, broadly elliptical transversely, surrounded
by a broad, shallow furrow except at the posterior extremity ; first lateral
lobe much larger than the others, subtriangular ; second lobe smaller than
the first and larger than the third; third lobe narrow, having about the
same width as the occipital ring; first and second lobes almost coalesced
towards their outward extremities, a slight tendency towards coalescence
likewise observable between the second and third lobes; second and third
lobes extending obliquely inward and forward, the former being more
oblique than the latter and both suddenly excavate at their inner ex-

tremities ; eyes large, elevated, bounded (at least exteriorly) by a broad,

52 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

concave furrow; genal angles much extended, rectilinear, or slightly con-
cave outwardly, till near the posterior extremity where they bend notice-
ably inward; neck furrows wide and deep; hypostoma with highly de-
veloped ornamentation, the anterior extremity. possessing a process
which bifurcates a short distance beyond the general outline of the
hypostoma, each branch extending arcuately outward and forward (25
mm. in the specimen figured) ; on either side of this bifurcating process
are three shorter obtuse projecting processes each in succession being more
and more subdued. Thorax not seen.

Pygidium convex, greatly depressed, outline broadly triangular, the
lateral margins gently convex outwards; axis broad, depressed, tapering
gradually to a rounded apex posteriorly; dorsal furrows broad, deep, in-
terrupted by the transverse furrows except posteriorly, and making with
each other an angle of about 20°; axis with 19 transverse, broad, sub-
rectilinear ridges, the intervening furrows being broad and shallow axially,
but suddenly deeper at about half the distance from the axial line to the
dorsal furrows ; pleure with about 16 transverse tips, the 8 or 9 anterior of
which are divided by a well-marked, broad, longitudinal groove, the re-
maining posterior ones being more or less acute; the transverse ribs are
arched slightly forward till near the lateral margins when they bend
suddenly backwards. No caudal spine observed.

The surface of the cephalon is ornamented with numerous irregularly
placed, rather small pustules. The axial portion of the pygidium bears on
each of the transverse ridges several spines more crowded toward the dorsal
furrows, but with no regular arrangement observable; the plural ribs
studded with pustules varying greatly in size and occupying usually a
medial position on the rib.

The cephala are fragments and are completely separated from their
pygidia. Each belongs to a large species. Relying then on the highly
probable conjecture of identity of localities and on the large size of the
individuals, the writer has referred the pygidia and the fragmentary
cephala to the same species. It must remain for future investigation to

show the truth or falsity of such reference.

A CoNTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 53

The species presents features of interest in the character of the frontal
ornamentation. Dr. J. M. Clarke has discussed this feature of the genus.’
The present species seems to have close affinities with D. bicornis Hall,
of the Waldron fauna, as regards the bifurcating frontal process, but it
shows a much higher development of this feature than does any other
species of this genus of which the writer knows.

Occurrence.-—ORISKANY ForMATION, RipGeLy Memper. Nnobly
Mountain near Cumberland.

Collections.—Maryland Geological Survey, U. S. National Museum.

DALMANITES LATUS 0. sp.
Plate XCIII, Fig. 2

Description.—Cephalon and thorax unknown. Pygidium broadly ovate
in outline, the lateral margin incurving rapidly on approaching the
posterior extremity which in outline has the form of a low arc; axis of
medium width, tapering gradually to a subacute terminus; dorsal furrows
narrow, direct, deeply incised by transverse furrows especially anteriorly ;
segments 17, narrow; transverse ridges narrow, erect, convex anteriorly,
wider than the intervening furrows, probably not ornamented; pleurew 14
in number, slightly curved for about three-fourths of their length from
the dorsal furrows, then curving suddenly backward; ridges narrow, about
as wide as the intervening furrows, erect, each with a longitudinal groove
in the middle which becomes obsolete on the posterior ribs, and bears
an occasional pustule.

This species is founded on a single pygidium in the U. 8. National
Museum. Its broadly ovate outline, the number and character of the
annulations mark it as a distinct species.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATION, RrpGELY MEMBER. Cumberland.

Collection U.S. National Museum.

+The Oriskany Fauna of Becraft Mcuntain. Mem. N. Y. State Mus., vol. iii,
No. 3, 1900, pp. 16, et. seq.

54 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

Subgenus SYNPHORIA

DALMANITES (SYNPHORIA) sTEMMATUS Clarke
Plate XCIII, Fig. 3

Dalmanites (Synphoria) stemmatus Clarke, 1900, Mem. N. Y. State Mus.,
vol. iii, No. 3, p. 15, pl. i, figs. 6-16; pl. ii, figs. 1, 2.

Description.— Species attaining considerable size. Cephalon convex,
abruptly sloping to the genal margins. Genal extremities somewhat pro-
duced but relatively short and terminating in broad obtuse angles. Dorsal
furrow deep except at the junction of the glabellar lobes with the palpebral
lobe, where it becomes shallow and very much elevated. Frontal lobe of
glabella large, rounded in front, slightly elongated at the axial extremity,
but not projecting beyond the frontal border or facial suture. First lateral
furrows long, deep and oblique, extending nearly three-fourths the
diameter of the lobe. Glabellar surface behind the frontal lobe slightly if
at all depressed medially. Second and third lobes wholly confluent at their
extremities, often but a remnant of the second lateral furrows remaining.
Together these coalesced lobes have a subtriangular or subclavate outline
and are convex and elevated at their distal extremities, rising above the
full height of the glabella and almost to the height of the palpebral lobe.
The third lobes are small and narrow, making an annular segment, varying
but little in width; their extremities are almost concealed beneath the
projecting lobes in front. Occipital furrow deep; occipital segment long
and very much arched; no central spine or tubercle. Cheeks with steep
lateral slopes ; somewhat concave within the thickened margin. Furrows
beneath the eyes deep, narrow with elevated margin having a vertical,
outward slope. Occipital furrow widening from the dorsal furrows out-
ward and coming to a rather abrupt termination without meeting the sub-
marginal depression of the cheeks or extending on the genal expansion.
Kyes large, elevated, the palpebrum higher than the palpebral lobe.

“The thickened border bears a row of crenulations or crescentic orna-

mental processes, which are the most extended at the anterior extremity ;

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 55

here also the anterior three of these processes are somewhat coalesced.
From this extremity may be counted, on both sides of the terminal process,
from 12 to 15 similar processes, becoming uniformly smaller toward the
genal extremities and finally disappearing altogether at or near the lateral
termination of the facial suture. In smaller specimens the number of
these processes may be considerably less.

*'The surface of the cephalon is ornamented, on the fromtal lobe of the
glabella, with coarse pustules of varying size; this lobe also bears the
elongate median scar which occurs in many species of the genus. The
coalesced second and third lobes are also pustulose, but less strongly.
The cheeks directly beneath the eyes bear traces of low ramifying grooves
similar to those found in Dal. plewroptyx of the Helderbergian fauna and
Dal. anchiops of the Schoharie grit. Thorax not observed. Pygidium
very broadly triangular, the length and width being as 2 to 3. The margin
curves slightly outward on each side and terminates behind in a broad,
rounded extremity which is slightly elongated, but is not produced into a
spine. The axis bears 10 or 11 annulations, and the pleure 9 or 10. The
ribs are undivided by a median groove and are without coarse tubercles.”
Clarke, 1900. .

A specimen in the collection of Mr. Gordon is referred to this species.
The determination has been made from the cast of the cephalon. Crush-
ing has somewhat deformed the cast, but the features are still fairly
definite, except on the anterior extremity. The agreement with the de-
scription of D. stemmatus is very close, but the following differences are
noted: (1) The occipital furrow is parallel to the posterior margin of
the cephalon for less than one-half the distance from the axis as in typical
forms. ‘Thence the posterior margin diverges as is not true of typical
forms, making thus with the occipital furrow and the lateral margins
scalene areas. (2) The genal angle is somewhat more acute. (3) The
third side-lobes bear each a small node on the distal ends.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATION, R1ipGELY Member. Cumberland.

Collection.—Robert H. Gordon.

56 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

Subgenus CORYCEPHALUS

DALMANITES (CORYCEPHALUS) DENTATUS Barrett ?
Plate XCIII, Fig. 4

Dalmanites dentata Barrett, 1876, Amer. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. xi, p. 200, pl.

Dalmanites dentata Barrett, 1876, ibid., vol. xii, p. 70.

Dalmanites (Corycephalus) dentatus Hall and Clarke, 1888, Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
Pal., vol. vii, p. 58, pl. xia, figs. 4-6.

Dalmuanites dentatus Weller, 1903, Geol. Survey N. J., Pal., vol. iii, p. 339, pl.
xliv, figs. 1-3.

Description. Head suberescentiform, the lateral and anterior mar-
gins forming a parabolic curve, the genal angles extended into rather blunt
spines. Glabella depressed convex, broadest in front, surrounded by a
well-defined dorsal furrow, frontal lobe broader than long, subelliptical to
subrhomboidal in outline. First pair of lateral furrows broad and deep,
extending obliquely backward from the dorsal furrow and connected
across the median portion of the glabella by a shallow depression. First
and second lateral lobes partially coalescent externally by the shallowing
of the second lateral furrows, the third pair of lateral lobes entirely sepa-
rate from the second. Second and third pairs of lateral furrows indis-
tinctly continuous across the median portion of the glabella by slight de-
pressions. Occipital furrow sharply defined, continuous across the gla-
bella and extending out upon the cheeks. Occipital segment of about the
same width, but a little higher than the posterior lateral lobes. Cheeiks
convex in general contour, with a slightly thickened marginal border.
Hyes large, subcrescentiform, their summits as high or higher than the
glabella, their anterior extremities opposite the first and their posterior
extremities opposite the third lateral furrows of the glabella, bounded
externally around the base of the faceted surface by a sharp depression,
beyond which is a subangular ridge. Between this ridge and the slightly
thickened cheek margin the surface is concave. The entire lateral and
anterior margin of the head is ornamented with a continuous series of
from twenty-five to thirty-five triangular, tooth-like processes, largest in
front and decreasing regularly in size to the genal angles. The surface
of the glabella and those portions of the cheeks lying between the eyes and
the glabella, except in the furrows, is covered with rather coarse, irregu-

larly arranged, circular tubercles, the outer portions of the cheeks, includ-

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAuNAS OF MARYLAND 57

ing the marginal denticles, being finely papillose. Thorax consisting of
eleven segments, the axis a little less than one-third the entire width,
pleurz extended into sharp, posteriorly pointing spines. Pygidium sub-
triangular in outline, the posterior extremity produced into a dorsally
curving, attenuate spine, a little less than one-fourth the total pygidial
length. Axis depressed convex, indistinctly subangular along its median
line, about one-fourth the entire width of the pygidium at its anterior
margin, its sides nearly straight, gradually converging to the obtusely
rounded posterior extremity, which lies a little anterior to the base of the
posterior pygidial spine. Pleurze with no conspicuous marginal border,
flattened above, becoming rather strongly convex in the middle, and then
sloping away to the lateral margins with a slightly convex surface. Axial
segments fifteen in number; pleural segments grooved, eleven in number,
curving rather abruptly backward as they approach the margin, the two
or three posterior ones nearly straight. Each segment of the pygidium
marked by a more or less irregular line of tubercles.” Weller, 1903.

The pygidium figured has a striking resemblance to published figures
and descriptions of this species in the duplicate ribs and in the tubercles
on the axial lobe. But except for the width of the axis, it might with equal
propriety be referred to D. bisignatus Clarke. It is too imperfect for
accurate determination.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY ForMATION, Ripcety Memser. Evick Gap,
opposite Franklin, Pendleton County, West Virginia.

Collection.—U. 8. National Museum.

DALMANITES MIORURUS (Green)
Plate XCI,, Figs. 10, 11

Asaphus micrurus Green, 1832, Mon. Trilobites of North America, p. 56, cast
19, fig. 3.

Dalmania micrurus Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 359, pl. Ixxiv,
figs. 13-20, 1861.

Description—Hall describes this species as follows: “ Pygidium tri-
angular, convex, somewhat abruptly sloping at the sides, acute, attenuate
behind. Axis very prominent, faintly subangular in the middle above,
and regularly rounded towards the posterior extremity, rigid, scarcely

declining below, and abruptly elevated from the posterior marginal

58 A ContTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

border; a narrow angular ridge extending from the extremity of the axis
into the acute spiniform caudal termination. The number of articulations
in the axis is twenty or twenty-one, which are strongly defined, and some
of the anterior ones slightly bent forward, and sometimes a little more
prominent or almost nodose in the middle. Each of the lateral lobes is
marked by fourteen or fifteen (and, in one example, sixteen) ribs; the
anterior ones very regularly arching, while about four or five of the pos-
terior ones are turned backwards, approaching the parallel of the axis.
Each rib is marked by a narrow groove along its summit, continued to
where the ribs coalesce in the narrow marginal rim. The direction of
this suture, near the origin of the ribs, is a little below the middle, but,
in its course, approaches more nearly the upper margin. Surface granu-
lose, with a row of stronger granules or small pustules on each side of the
furrow marking the ribs, and still stronger ones on the middle of the an-
nulations of the axis.” Hall, 1859.

The glabella is more truncate than in D. plewroptya. The chief and
most obvious distinction as figured and described by Hall is in the sharp-
ness of definition of the axial annulations of the pygidium, but even this is
variable. This axis is also more prominent than in D. pleuroptyz, espe-
cially the posterior extremity.

Occurrence. —HELDERBERG FoRMATION, NEW SCOTLAND (?) MEMBER.
Cumberland. OriskANy Formation, Rrpcety Mremper. Cumberland.

Collection.—U. 8S. National Museum.

Subgenus CHASMOPS McCoy
DALMANITES (CHASMOPS) ANCHIOPS (Green)

Plate XCIII, Fig. 5

Calymene anchiops Green, 1832, Mon. of Trilobites of North America, p. 35.

Asaphus laticostatus Green, 1832, ibid., p. 45.

Phacops anchiops Burmeister, 1846, Die Organisation der Trilobiten, p. 90.

Dalmania anchiops Hall, 1861, Description of New Species of Fossils, etc.,
D: bd.

Dalmania anchiops Hall, 1862, 15th Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist.,
p. 83.

Dalmanites anchiops Hall, 1876, Illus. Devonian Fossils, pl. ix, figs. 1, 3-6, 10,
12, 13; pl. x, figs. 6-14.

Dalmanites (Chasmops) anchiops Hall and Clarke, 1888, Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
Pal., vol. vii, p. 59, pl. ix, figs. 1-6, 10, 12, 13; pl. x, figs. 1-14.

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 59

Description.—“ General form and proportions. Body subelliptical in
outline, more or less produced at the extremities. Surface depressed con-
vex, distinctly trilobate; lateral margins deflected and subparallel.
Length (including caudal spine) to width as 2 to 1. Cephalon relatively
short, length about one-third the width; outline crescentic, shghtly pro-
duced on the frontal margin. Surface evenly convex. Border narrow
anteriorly, bearing in front of the glabella five to seven low crenulations
or undulations, which become wider and thicker upon the cheeks, and
produced at the genal angles into stout and rapidly tapering spines, which
reach the third thoracic segment. Doublure wide and deep at the genal
angles, narrowing at the lateral margins, and extending into a relatively
narrow epistoma in front. Facial sutures normal.

“ Glabella elongate, subpentagonal, widest anteriorly, depressed convex ;
bounded on all sides by low sulci. Anterior lobe large, subrhomboidal ;
first pair of lateral furrows long, inchned backward ; second pair obsolete,
except at their proximal extremities, where they appear upon the cast as
two deep pits; third pair transverse or inclined slightly forward, almost
obsolete at their distal extremities; first and second glabellar lobes coa-
lescent, forming a single pair of large convex lobes, whose elevation ex-
ceeds that of the frontal lobe; third glabellar lobes narrow, depressed and
relatively inconspicuous. Occipital furrow narrow on the axis, becoming
broader and deeper on the cheeks, occipital ring prominent and bearing
short and sharp central spine, narrowing to the axial furrows, thence
rapidly widening to the genal spines.

“ Byes lunate, large and elevated considerably above the summit of
the glabella, and closely appressed against its coalescent first and second
lobes. Visual surface with numerous corneal lenses, the single specimen
(a young individual) in which they may be enumerated, showing eighteen
rows, counting diagonally from the lower posterior margin, and one
hundred and ninety-two lenses. Palpebrum scarcely prominent; palpe-
bral lobe depressed and sloping abruptly to the narrow and elevated
palpebral furrow. Cheeks sloping abruptly from the ocular node to the

thickened and somewhat flattened margin. A deep sinus which is

60 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

stronger in old individuals, bounds the ocular node and flattens the sub-
jacent portion of the cheek.

“Thorax subrectangular, length to width as 4 to 5. Surface depressed

‘convex. Avxis relatively narrow, widest at about the fifth segment, thence

regularly tapering to the pygidium. Pleure relatively broad, fiat for
about one-half their width and thence rounded to the lateral margins.
Each segment has a slight forward curve along the axial line, being
sulcate on the pleure and having the anterior limb abbreviated by the
beveled planes of articulation. Pygidium subtriangular, depressed convex
or flattened. Posterior extremity produced into a stout, upwardly curved
spine, usually short, but sometimes equaling the pygidium in length.
Length, including the caudal spine, equal to the width.

“ Axis having less than one-third the width of the shield on the anterior
extremity, regularly tapering to an obtuse, broadly rounded termination,
and composed of from nine to fourteen broad, flat, transverse annulations.

“ Pleure broad and rounding more or less abruptly to the margins, bear-
ing eight or nine wide, flattened annulations, which become obsolete just
within the border. Wherever the crust is retained the annulations are seen
to be faintly grooved near their distal extremities, but in the usual con-
dition of preservation as casts of the lower surface, the tendency to dupli-
cation is not often apparent. Doublure narrow on the sides, rapidly
widening toward the posterior spine, where it extends forward as far as
the termination of the axis. The caudal spine is not infrequently broken
away from the margin of the doublure, giving the caudal shield a semi-
circular outline.

“Surface ornamentation. The surface of the cephalon, within the
border and occipital ring, is covered by strong tubercles, which are closely
disposed over the cheeks and more scattered on the glabella. In old in-
dividuals these tubercles extend to the margin, and the orbital ridge of
the cheek becomes covered with fine granulations. The surface of the
thorax and pygidium is smooth or finely granulose. Pygidia of young
individuals show low nodes or tubercles upon the pleurw, apparently ar-
ranged in three or four oblique rows with indications of similar orna-

mentation upon the axis.” Hall and Clarke, 1888.

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND 61

From the Oriskany comes a nearly complete pygidium which bears a
close resemblance to all and Clarke’s description and figures. This
pygidium has, however, a much stronger duplication of the pleural annula-
tions and the axial annulations are arched shghtly medially. Neverthe-
less, the specimen must be placed here for the present, though it may
ultimately be shown to belong to another species.

Occurrence.—ORISKANY FORMATION, RripGELY MemBeER. Locality un-
known.

Collection—Maryland Geological Survey.

Subgenus HAUSMANNIA

~DatmaAnires (HAUSMANNIA) PLEUROPTYX (Green)
Plate XCIII, Figs. 6-10

Asaphus pleuroptyx Green, 1832, Mon. of Trilobites of North America, p. 55.
Dalmania pleuroptyx Hall, 1859, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Pal., vol. iii, p. 356, pl.
Ixxiv, figs. 5 ?, 9 ? (not figs. 1-4, 6-8, 10-12) ; pl. Ixxv, fig. 1 ?, 1861.
Dalmanites (Hausmannia), pleuroptyx Hall and Clarke, 1888, ibidem, vol.

vii, p. 28, pl. xia, figs. 1-3.
Dalmanites pleuroptyx Weller, 1903, Pal. N. J., vol. iii, p. 295, pl. xxxii, fig. 1.

Description —* Head semicircular, with the posterior side concave, and
the posterior angles prolonged to the fifth or sixth articulation of the
thorax: frontal limb slightly concave, thickened at the margin. Glabella
convex in front; length from the annulation to the anterior of the frontal
lobe, equal to the width of the frontal lobe, which is transversely oval:
transverse furrows strongly marked, the anterior one more deeply than
the others, and passing imperceptibly into the depression which circum-
scribes the frontal lobe: anterior lobe expanding, and becoming prominent
towards the inner angle of the eye; the central lobe a little wider than the
posterior one. Occipital furrow narrow, shallow in the middle; its con-
tinuation in the posterior furrow of the cheeks being very strongly defined,
and becoming wider towards the exterior margin.

“ Byes large, prominent, having an elevation of ten ranges of lenses,
while laterally there are thirty-seven ranges: the entire number of lenses,
in a specimen of medium size, is 311. Between the lenses there is a small
round granule marking each of the angles of a hexagon, which circum-

scribes the lens. The entire rim of the eye is much elevated above the cen-

62 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOWER DEVONIAN FAUNAS OF MARYLAND

tral portion or palpebral lobe, and a deeper groove in the outer limb.
Hypostoma subhastate, with scarcely perceptible inequalities on the
margin.

“Thorax with the axis somewhat abruptly convex, «nd about three-
fourths as wide as one of the lateral lobes, the articulations on each side
terminated by a broad node. The articulations of the lateral lobes of the
thorax marked by a deep longitudinal furrow, which leaves the elevated
portion above and below nearly equal, and the extremities bending rather
abruptly downwards.

“ Pygidium triangular, transversely convex; the posterior extremity
acute, attenuate; the axis a little depressed towards the lower extremity,
which rises in strong relief above the border below. The axis is gradually
attenuate, the width at the posterior extremity being about one-third as
ereat as at the anterior extremity, which is about five-eighths as wide as
the greatest width of the lateral lobe at its upper margin: its outline is
curved and sometimes scarcely carinate, the latter feature more often seen
in the casts. The number of articulations in the axis is seventeen ; and in
each of the lateral lobes are eleven to thirteen ribs which are little wider
than the furrows which separate them; the whole bending downwards
towards the outer extremities, and uniting in a thickened border. Hach
rib of the lateral lobe is marked by a longitudinal groove parallel with the
margins, and a little nearer to the upper than the lower margin.

“ Surface granulose, the granules being somewhat stronger on the more
prominent parts of the head and in front of the eyes, while on the thorax
and pygidium there is usually a stronger row of granules along the lower
margins of the articulations. The granulose marking, however, is subject
to considerable variation, either from accidental or other causes ; and some
specimens of the pygidium present a fine granulose texture, visible only
under a lens.” Hall, 1859.

Occurrence.—HELDERBERG FORMATION, COEYMANS MEMBER. Devil’s
Backbone, Dawson. NEw ScortaNnpd Memser. Devil’s Backbone, Cor-
riganville, Dawson, Tonoloway ?

Collections.—Maryland Geological Survey, U. S. National Museum.

LIFE

Daniel Webster Ohern was born near Magnon, Illinois, June 2, 1870.
His early life was spent in Piatt County, Illinois. His early education
was obtained in the common schools. In 1891 he removed to Lincoln,
Nebraska, where he held a position as salesman in a department store till
1893, when he entered Cotner University, near Lincoln. He entered
Drake University, at Des Moines, Iowa, in the autumn of 1896 and was
graduated from that institution in 1898 with the degree of Bachelor of
Arts. He was Fellow and graduate student in Greek in West Virginia
University in 1898-1899, and in the latter year received the degree of
Master of Arts. He was Assistant in Greek in the same institution, 1899-
1901, and Instructor, 1901-1903. In the fall of 1903 he entered Johns
Hopkins University, where he has since pursued graduate work in geology
under Professor Clark, Professor Reid, Professor Mathews, and Dr.
Swartz. During the field seasons of 1905 and 1906, and at other irregular
times, he has been in the employ of the Maryland Geological Survey. Dur-
ing the college years 1903-1905 he was laboratory assistant in Johns Hop-
kins University, Scholar in 1905-1906, and Fellow in 190%.

wh

MOEN

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